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PUBLIC PAPERS

OP

GEORGE CLINTON

FIRST GOVERNOR OF NEW YORK.

1777-1795— 1801-1804.

VOLUMK VIII.

PUBLISHED BY THE STATE OF NEW YORK,
COMPILED AND ARBANGBD BY HUGH HASTINGS, STATE HISTORIAN.

ALBANY
OLIVER A . Q U A Y r. IJ
S T AT E Legislative 1' k i n t e k
1904

PREFACE TO VOLUME VIII.

The Revolutionary series of the Public Papers of Governor
George Clinton terminated with volume VII, ending with the
siege of Yorktown. The subject-matter contained within the
pages of this volume, with few exceptions, relates to Peace, but
Peace by no means was assured to America. Foreign armies had
been subjugated, but a more insidious enemy than an armed foe
confronted the new Republic. It was not an enemy with guns,
powder and bayonets that, after Yorktown, menaced the United
States, but the blatant demagogue, the unprincipled charlatan,
the selfish and ambitious politician and the hungry and impatient
creditor. To all intents and purposes, the Revolutionary War had become
a memory. The terrors of strife and bloodshed had ceased to
exist in the thickly populated districts; along the frontier of New
York, however, latent sparks continued to glow and bum and
glisten, disturbing the peace of the inhabitants, who were kept
in a condition of nervousness by frequent alarms and unexpected
raids of the incorrigible redskins and blood-thirsty tories who
refused to surrender to the inevitable and who were dying hard.
Statesmen in America regarded the war as over in spite of the
obduracy of the King and machinations of sordid English con
tractors who manipulated Parliament and the Court. Against
the interests of America, English politicians resorted to practices
that would have been repudiated by English generals who had
had experience here. The public mind of Great Britain was

iv Preface.
poisoned by misleading and malignant rumors affecting the situa
tion in the United States, supplemented by the unjust charge that
the Americans were incompetent to govern themselves.
The contempt with which the Articles of Confederation were
held and the impotency exhibited in every effort that was exerted
by progressive and representative men in the different States to
strengthen and fortify them and tO' whip them into practical and
popular shape, justified the criticisms of the enemies of America
and created a feeling of discouragement among her friends. The
army was dissatisfied and with every reason. The threatened
uprising at Newburgh was the natural culmination of a concaten
ation of cankered grievances that had been festering for months,
that had been irritated and inflamed by the indifference of the
States and the studied neglect of Congress which stupidly failed
to apply efficacious remedies. Jealousy between the States was
the over-shadowing menace to fraternal consolidation. The ques
tion of State rights had begun to blossom and was fostered by
the sympathetic touch of leaders of the George Clinton school.
The army was, to all intents and purposes, disbanded in June,
1783, only after a threatened mutiny which the wise mediation of
Washington countervailed. The official dissolution of the Conti
nental Army occurred November 3d when Washington promul
gated the extraordinary military document known as his farewell
orders. From the last week in March when intelligence was re
ceived that the Articles of Peace had been signed at Paris on the
30th day of November, 1782, the evacuation of New York was the
paramount subject of discussion in this State. But the British
moved with exasperating deliberation, and Sir Guy Carleton, who
had succeeded to the command of the English forces in America
in place of Sir Henry Clinton, who had requested to be recalled,

Preface. v
was charged by Americans with acting with too much indulgence
and consideration towards the loyalists. The first week in April,
it is estimated that nine thousand loyalists sailed from New York
for Nova Scotia. Many important and original propositions
arose consequent upon the transfer of New York from British to
American rule. There was no end of complications over real estate
and the rights of Americans who had abandoned their property
seven years before. The British manufactured excuse uipon
excuse for the delays, and Sir Guy Carleton was exposed at times
very unjustly to severe criticism. November 6. Washington point
edly asked the British commander, and was informed that the
troops would be withdrawn before the end of the month. After
a few more delays the British evacuated New York November 25.
Dr. John W. Francis, in an anniversary discourse on Old New
York delivered before the New York Historical Society, Novem
ber 17, 1857, expressed these sentiments:
" The New York Historical Society has work enough for her
strongest energies to accomplish. The State under whose auspi
ces she flourishes, is indeed an empire; the transactions which
claim her consideration possess an inherent greatness, and are
momentous in their nature; her colonial career is pregnant with
instructive events ; the advances she has made, and the condition
she has secured in her State policy, afford lessons which the
wisest may study with profit. Long neglect has only increased
the duty of investigation, and added value to every new revelation
offered. The Hudson and Niagara are but types of her physical
formation. Her geology has dissolved the theories of the closet
and given new principles to geognostic science. Her men of
action have been signally neglected. Feeble records only are to
be found of her most eminent statesmen. Where shall we look,

vi Pbbfacb.
throughout our country's annals, for a more heroic spirit, one of
more personal courage, of greater devotion to his country, one
greater in greatest trial, one of more decision of character, one of
sterner integrity, than Governor George Clinton, to whom this
State and the Union are under such mighty obligations ; and yet
we fruitlessly search for a worthy memorial of him. Fellow
associates, I repeat it, there is work enough to do."
(Signed) HUGH HASTINGS, State Historian.
State Capitol, Albany,
December 22, 1904.

Owing to unavoidable delays, it is impossible to publish the
general index for the seven volumes of the Clinton Papers with
this volume. The general index of the series will be printed later
in a volumfe by itself.
HUGH HASTINGS,
State Historian.
vlo

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

MANUSCRirT VOLUME XV.
PAOES.
Introduction by Henry B. Dawson to New York City during the
American Revolution  vil-xxxvii
Robert R. Livingston, Secretary of Foreign Affairs, to the Gov
ernors of the- States, as to the persistence of the British
Govermuent in affiruilug that the people are very much
divided and that our interests suffer seriously from the seem
ing support given to this statement in Europe by our not
putting forth oiu" sti'eugth and expelling the enemy from the
country — ^^\vitli an act of Congress on the same subject  3-6
Governor Clinton to John Morin Scott — The Vermont Question —
Financial and Army Matters — Capture of Sir James Jay —
General Gansevoort's Claim for Higher Rank  U-12
James Duane to Governor Clinton — In Regard to French Exchange
and Private Financial Accounts  13-14
James Duane to Governor Clinton — Interception of Letters by the
British  14-16
Governor Clinton to John Morin Scott — The Legislature Adopts
Resolutions Calling for Amendments To Give the Confedera
tion Greater Energy — The British Hold On To and Fortify
OSwego  IG-i 7
Robert Morris' Circular Letter Regarding the Policy of the States
Toward Paying Their Troops  18-19
Robert Morris Protests to the Governors of the States Against the
Collection of State and United States Taxes, Based on a Letter
Pointing Out the Objections to it  19-20
Governor Clinton Writes to Robert Morris on the Subject of State
"""-^.^¦¦axes and the Market for Wheat and Flour   21-23
Alexander Hamilton Begins to Gather Information for the Great
Work That Lies Before Him  23-26
vie

vid Table of Contents. PAGES.
Governor Clinton Forwards to President Weare of New Hampshire
a Copy of New York's Resolutions to Strengthen the Articles
of Confederation  26-29
Governor Clinton Explains to Alexander Hamilton the Obstacles in
the Way of Supplying Him With All the Pacts He Desires. . . 29-30
James Duane's Cheerful Prediction to Governor Clinton for Peace,
Safety and Independence  30-31
Colonel Hamilton Renews His Request for Information to Robert
Benson, Who Writes in Reply  31-33
James Duane to Governor Clinton on His Election to the Senate
and Hamilton's Appointment to Congress — Mystifying Conduct
of the British Authorities  33-36
Governor Greene of Rhode Island Notifies Governor Clinton Why
His State Failed to Sustain New York in the Proposition to
Strengthen the Articles of Confederation  36-37
Ezra rilommedieu to Governor Clinton — News from Europe and
the Disordered Finances of the Country  37-38
Robert Morris Submits to Governor Clinton Acts of Congress for
the Amelioration of the Troops   38-89
Robert Morris Appeals for Justice for the Army  40-41
Ezra I'Hommedieu to the Governor — The Vermont Dispute — Eng
land Endeavoring to Induce America to Make a Separate Peace 41—13
Soirry Plight of Orator Phelps, Who "Overflows in the Plentitude
of His Communicative Powers" According to James Duane. . 43-45
Governor Clinton to Mr. I'Hommedieu — An Acknowledgment  45
¦Resolution of Congress as to the Requisition of $2,000,000 from
the States as Part of the Estimates of $6,000,000 for the Year
1783  46-47
Governor Clinton Urges Washington to Hold a Small Regular Force
Along New York's Northern Frontier During the Winter  47-^
James Duane Notifies the Governor that tlie Cession of Western
Lands by New York is Accepted by Congress — Impecunious
Condition of Members of Congress  49-50
William Donaldson Portrays the Situation in England to Governor
Clinton in Entertaining Language  50-53
Robert R. Livingston Notifies the Governor of His Resignation as
Secretary of Foreign Affairs  53-54

Table of Contbints. evi
PAGES.
Henry Sherburne Appointed by Governor Clinton Commissioner
from New York to Adjust Accounts between New York and
the United States  54r-55
James Duane Explains to the Governor Why James Clinton Failed
To Be Appointed Major General  55-56
Congress Lays a Restraining Hand upon the More Radical and
Arbitrary Vexmonters  56-58
Caspar Voght & Company of Hamburgh Solicit Trade with New
York and Submit a Partial List of Goods Manufactured in
Germany  59-60
Robert R. Livingston Informs Governor Clinton He Will Continue
to Act as Secretary of Foreign Affairs until Spring  61
William Floyd to Governor Clinton — Evacuation of Charleston,
S. C, by the British— Prospects of Peace  62-63
Governor Clinton to Mr. Floyd — Organization of a Land Office —
The Vermont Dispute  63-65
Suggestion from Massachusetts for a General System of Taxation 65
Major Ben Walker to Governor Clinton as to the King's Speech to
^ Parliament  66-66
For the Adjustment of the National Debt  60-72
Colonel Floyd to Governor Clinton in Regard to Congressional
Legislation, Taxation and War Debts  73-76
For the Adjustment of Financial Obligations Between the States
and the Federal Government  76-77
Robert R. Livingston Complains to the Governor of the Expense
and Dissipation of Philadelphia — Speculation in New York
Real Estate  77-79
Governor Clinton to William Floyd Regarding the Temper of the
Army Toward the Vermonters — He Disparages the Prowess of
His Neighbors and Believes the Time is Ripe for Final Decision 79-81
Congress Negatives a Resolution that Discriminated in Favor of
New York  81-83
Messrs. Floyd and Hamilton Report to Governor Clinton Recent
Congressional Proceedings Bearing Upon Equalization of State
Taxation for the Support of the Federal Government  83-85
Robert Morris Authorizes the Paymaster-General to Settle Army
Accounts with the Several States  ,  85-86

vi/ ' Table of Contents. PAGES.
Governor Clinton Receives the Articles of Peace from Colonel
Floyd— England's Solicitude for the Loyalists  86-89
Robert R. Livingston Skeptical of Great Britain's Desire for
Peace, and so Notifies the Governor  89-90
The Governor Mistrusts that Robert Livingston's Letters to Him
Have Fallen into Improper Hands  91-92
Governor Clinton Makes a Bid to Establish the National Capital
at Kingston  ^  92
Recall of Cruisers Consequent Upon the Prospect of Peace  93
Official Announcement of Peace — Evacuation of New York Dis
cussed by Colonel Floyd to Governor Clinton — Outlook for
Real Estate Speculation in New York  93-94
France Loans Us $1,200,000 — Negotiation^ Conducted by Franklin —
Correspondence Over the Transaction  95-108
Robert Morris to the President of Congress  95-99
Benjamin Franklin to Robert Morris  100-103
Benjamin Franklin to Robert Morris.  103-104
The Chevalier de la Luzerne, Minister Plenipo
tentiary of France, to Robert Morris  104-108
New York Prepares for Home Defence when the British Evacuate
the Frontier Posts  108-109
Robert R. Livingston Writes in Any but an Encouraging Tone to
Governor Clinton  109-110
A Formidable Crisis — The Newburgh Mutiny and Washington's
Diplomatic Course in Quelling It  111-131
Washington's Rebuke to the Tempter  112-113
Development of the Plot  113-114
Report of the Committee to General Knox  115-117
The Army Dissatisfied with the Negotiations  117-118
First Anonymous Address to the Officers of the
Army  118-121
General Orders  121-122
Second Anonymous Address to the Officers of the
Army  122-123
Washington Reports to Congress  123-124
Washington's Pathetic Remark to His Officers... 124
Washington Reads His Formal Address  124r-129

Table of Contents. gvi
A Formidable Crisis— (Continued) : pages.
Washington Thanked by Resolution  ; . 129
Officers Appointed to Draft Suitable Resolutions. . 129-131
Washington Approves the Action of the Officers. . 131
Governor Clinton Urges the President of Congress for a Speedy
Settlement of the Public Accounts  131
John Morin Scott's Project— For the Protection of New York upon
the Evacuation of the British Army  132-184
Governor Clinton Delegates Egbert Benson to Wait upon Sir Guy
Carleton with Instructions Touching the Restoration of New
York to the Civil Authorities  134-135
Alexander Hamilton Requests Governor Clinton's Sentiments Re
garding the Interior Defence of New York  135
Governor Clinton Brings to Washington's Attention the Necessity
of Spreading Peace Intelligence Among the Western British
Posts  136-137
Colonel Nicholas Fish Modestly Seeks the Position of Naval Officer
of the Port of New York  137-138
Colonel William Floyd Informs the Governor of His Anxiety to
Return to His Long Island Home  138-139
Governor Clinton Directs Egbert Benson to Report the Result of
His Interview with Sir Guy Carleton to William Floyd and
Alexander Hamilton in Congress  139-140
Egbert Benson's Report to Governor Clinton of His Conference
with Sir Guy Carleton  140-144
Governor Clinton Submits to Washington His Views on the Main
tenance of a Peace Establishment  144^147
John Morin Scott Supplements His Administrative Policy — Repro
bates the Practice of Americans Entering the British Lines
until Peace is Assured — Ills Determination to Regain Jurisdic
tion over the Southern District of the State  147-153
Messrs. Hamilton and Floyd Transmit to Governor Clinton the
Resolutions of Congress Ratifying the Preliminary Treaty of
Peace  153-155
Peace Formally Declared — Sir Guy Oarleton's Proposition to Meet
Washington to Discuss the Release and Transfer of Prisoners
and the Evacuation of New York  156-158

viA Table of Contents. PAGES.
Governor Clinton Arranges for General Scott to Participate in the
Conference with Sir Guy Carleton  158-160
General Scott Accepts, but Requests the Governor
to Provide for Him as He is " So Short of
Cash "  159-160
John Hanson Narrates the Persecutions He Endured and Property
Losses Incurred Because of His Devotion to the Cause of
America  160-163
Colonel John Lamb for Peaceful Reasons Deprecates the Con
gressional Resolution that the Troops shall retain Their Arms
when the Army is Disbanded  163-164
For a National Copyright  164-165
Governor Clinton to Sir Guy Carleton as to the Withdrawal of the
British Troops and the Rights of Ships to Frequent the Waters
of New York State  165-168
President Boudinot Furnishes Governor Clinton the Congressional
Address on the Public Finances  168-173
Robert Morris to Governor Clinton — Deficiencies in Governmental
Resources — The Country's Finances in a Serious Condition . . . 173-175
Sir Guy Carleton Withdraws His Troops from Westchester County
— Perplexed Over the Condition of Affairs on Long Island —
Concessions Extended to Shipping  175-177
Dr. John Jones Congratulates Governor Clinton on the Restoration
of Peace and the Establishment of Independence and Suggests
Mr. Dally as a Competent Tavern Keeper  178
Alexander Hamilton to Governor Clinton In Regard to the Plan for
Funding the Public Debt  179-181
Governor Clinton Advances Compensation to Judges Yates and
Morris and Requests the Latter to Repair Forthwith to West
chester County as the British Troops Have Been Withdrawn
from that Section of the State  181-183
The Governor to Mr. Chief Justice Morris  182
The Chief Justice Directed to Repair to West
chester County with All Possible Despatch . . . 182-183
The Council at Poughkeepsie Protests against Sir Guy Oarleton's
Indifference  183-186

Table of ConteiNts. ivi
PAGES.
Governor Clinton Forwards the r^oceedings of the Council at
Poughkeepsie to Sir Guy Carleton with Appropriate Com
ments  186-188
His Majesty's Representatives Decline to Surrender the Public
Records to John Morin Scott, Secretary of State of New York . 188-191
Resolutions Passed in the Maryland Legislature Offering Annapolis
for the Seat of Government of the Confederation  192-198
The Second New York Line through Its Officers Presents the Colors
of the Regiment to Governor Clinton  193-196
The Governor's Acknowledgments  193-194
Colonel Van Cortlandt's Address to Governor
Clinton  194^195
Governor Clinton's Reply to the Officers  195-196
The Country's Peril — Correspondence Relating to the Disaffection
of the Army Over the Proposition to Send the Troops Home
Without Pay — Washington to President Boudinot  196-202
General Heath to General Washington — The Dis
tresses of the Army  197-199
General Washington to General Heath  200-202
New York State Unrepresented in Congress  202-203
Sii* Guy Carleton to Governor Clinton as to Inquiries He is Making
about Sundry Pacts  203
A British Order for the Restoration of Property to Proprietors in
Southern New York  203-204
Favorable Report from the Finance Department— The Administra
tion of Robert Morris Warmly Commended  204-207
Sir Guy Carleton Assures Governor Clinton that His Policy of Con
ciliation Has Not Diminished, Despite Slany Vexatious
Impediments  207-210
President Boudinot Forwards the Heath-Washington Correspond
ence to Several States as an Object Lesson  210

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

MANUSCRIPT VOLUME XVIII.
PAGES.
Governor Clinton Further Expostulates with Sir Guy Carleton for
His Obstructive Tactics, Especially Regarding the Public
Records of the State  211-216
President Boudinot Forwards Governor Clinton an Act of Congress
Calling Upon the States to Complete Their Representation in
Congress  216
Officers of the New York Society of the Cincinnati  217
George Fisher Reports to Governor Clinton Issues of Vast Quan
tities of Counterfeit Bills and the Apprehension of Several
Offenders  217-219
New Jersey and Virginia Compete with New York and Maryland
for .the Future Capital of the New Nation  219-221
New Jersey's Generous Offer  220
Virginia Submits the Genesis of the Plan that
Culminated in the Selection of Washington
as the Capital of the United States  220-221
Former Lieutenant Governor Colden Seeks Governor Clinton's In
tercession for the Loyalists  221-224
Two Letters from Robert Morris — In the First He Dwells Upon
the Necessity of Taxes and Resents the Imputation He Has
Speculated in the Public Bills ; in the Second He Urges Econ
omy and Reduction in the National Expenses  225-230
The Governor Receives Congratulatory Address from the Citizens
of Albany and the Magistrates of Tryon County on the Res
toration of Peace and Establishment of Independence  230-232
From the Magistrates and Supervisors of Tryon — The
Governor's Reply  231-232
The Governor Returns His Thanks  232
Vol. Vlll-ii vlk

vil Table of Contents. PAGES.
Mrs. DeLancey Resents the Action of the Sequestration Commis
sioners in Leasing Her Westchester Property — An Appeal
Made to James Duane Who Lays the Matter Before Governor
Clinton  233-235
James Duane to George Clinton  234-235
Governor Guerard of South Carolina to Governor Clinton Asking
for a List of the Persons Who Have Been Banished, etc., by
the Laws of New York  235-236
Mysterious Information of a Conspiracy to Plunder the City of
New York  230-237
Ezra I'Hommedieu Informs the Governor that Philadelphia Desires
Congress to Return There for Political Purposes  237-239
Sir Guy Carleton Answers Governor Clinton's Charges of Abuses in
Westchester County-=-The Governor Refuses to Recede from
his position  239-244
Governor Clinton's Reply to Sir Guy Carleton  242-244
Additional Information Concerning the Conspiracy to Plunder New
York City  244^-245
Mr. I'Hommedieu Reports to the Governor Sir Guy Oarleton's Com-
Splaints Against the New York Authorities — Plans for the
Evacuation of New York City again Under Consideration  245-247
Mr. I'Hommedieu Notifies the Governor Congress Will Adjourn
from Princeton to Annapolis — Erection of Public Buildings
Ordered at Georgetown,,ln the Present District of Columbia. . . 247-248
Mr. I'Hommedieu Believes Virginia Entertains Designs to Seize
Niagara — The Western Posts — Mrs. DeLancey's Case  248-250
Robert Benson Reports to the New Yorlj Delegates in Congress that
Governor Clinton is Prostrated with Fever — The Carleton-Olin-
ton Correspondence Forwarded to the Congressional Delegates. 250-252
Robert Benson Reports to the New York Delegates in Congress that
Governor Clinton is Convalescing  252
Judge Norris Requests Governor Clinton to Appoint His Son to the
Clerkship of New York  252-25g
Letter from the President of Congress Containing an Act Relative
to Captures at Sea Since the Provisional Articles  253-254

Table of Contents. mvi
PAGBS.
Mr. I'Hommedieu to Governor Clinton in Regard to Abuses Com
mitted Under the Preliminary Treaty— Congress Orders Public
Buildings Erected Near the Falls of Trenton on the Delaware. 254^-256
Oovernor Clinton to Washington— Regrets the Delay in Forming
the Peace Establishment— Asks the Commander in Chief's
Cooperation to Protect New Yoi-k City When the British
March Away  257-258
New York Delegates in Congress Inform Governor Clinton that
there is no Prospect of a Commercial Treaty Between the
United States and England— Massacliusetts Lays Claim to New
York's Western Lands — The Strife for the National Capital^
New York to be Evacuated by the British in November  259-263
Mr. rHommedieu Compelled to Leave Congress — Discomforts of
Being a Member of Congress — Question of the Date of the
Evacuation of New York  263-264
Congress Recommends the Several States to Observe the 2nd Thurs
day in December, 1783, as a Day of Thanksgiving  265
A Controversy Over Dr. Bayley  265-267
¦Congress Selects Two Towns in Which to Hold Sessions  267
James Duane' Disparages the Two Capital Proposition  268-269
Massachusetts Appoints Three Commissioners to Act with New
York on the Question of Lands Claimed by Massachusetts in
Western New York  269
A Loyalist's Views of the Events that Preceded Evacuation Day. . . 269-278
Sir Guy Olarleton Fixes the Official Date of Evacuation for Novem
ber 22 to Governor Clinton and Directs the Public Records to
be Delivered to Such Persons as the Governor Shall Designate. 278-279
Captain Delivan Offers His Troop of Horse as Escort to Governor
Clinton Upon His Entrance into New York When the British
Withdraw  279
Governor Clinton to General Knox in Reply to His of Same Date
as to the Evacuation of New York, &c  280
Sir Guy Carleton Notified by Governor Clinton that John Morin
Scott is Delegated to Receive the Public Records  280-281
Governor Clinton Notifies John Morin Scott of His Appointment
to receive the Public Records at New York  281-282

vin Table of Contents. PAGES.
Sir Guy Carleton Notifies Governor Clinton He Will Be Unable to
Withdraw from New York Before the 25th inst., and Alludes to
the Plots to Plmider the City on that Day  282-285
Additional Information Concerning Evacuation
Day Plots...:  284-285
Orders Relating to the Withdrawal of the British Troops from the
Various Posts in New York and Vicinity  285-280
John Morin Scott to Governor Clinton as to the Public Records to
be Delivered to Him  286-287
Citizens of New York Returned from Exile Make an Address of
Acknowledgments and Congratulation to Governor Clinton —
The Governor's Reply  287-289
Address of the Marine Society of New York to Governor Clinton
on His Entry into That City  389-291
Governor Clinton from Harlem Makes Final Disposition with Sir
Guy Carleton for the Evacuation of New York  291-292
Evacuation Day Ceremonies — Preliminary Arrangements and
Events Prior to the British leaving New York City  293-297
Sentiment in New York at the Time  293-294
A Newspaper Report from Philadelphia  '  294
Resolutions adopted by Exiles from New York  294r-29&
Preparations to Receive Washington  296-297
Order of the Procession, November 25, 1783  297-299
How the Americans took Possession of the City  298-299
The Governor's Dinneif at Cape's Tavern  299-300
Address to General Washington  300-3C1
Reply of GenearaJ Washington  301-302
Address of the Firemen of New York to Governor Clinton. .^  302-304
Fraunce's Tavern  304-306
Wiashington's Farewell to His Officers  306-314
Admiral Digby Requests Several Concessions from Governor Clin
ton — The Governor Promises to Cooperate with the Admiral . . 314^-316 ¦
St Jean de Creveweur to Governor Clinton, Announcing the Estab
lishment of a Line of French Mail Packets Between L'Orient
and New York  318

Table op Contents. ovi
PAGES.
Statement of the Troops of the Enemy, at the Time of the Evacua
tion of New York  317
Governor Clinton to Colonels Willet and Lasher, Orders, With
Instructions, to Take Possession and Charge of all Forfeited
Houses and Lands in New York Till the Legislature Shall Dis
pose of the Same  317-318
Governor Clinton Asks Admiral Digby to Give Early Notice of His
Intention to Quit Governors Island  318-319
The Admiral's Reply  319
Sir Guy Carleton Promises to Withdraw the Troops from Long
Island and Staten Island by December 4th  319
Captain Duncan, British Navy, Reports to Governor Clinton That
the Remaining British Troops are Withdrawn from Governors
Island  320
Captain Duncan Furnishes Governor Clinton Witli a List of Build- -
ings, etc., on Governors Island and Turns Over the Keys  321
Admiral Digby Announces to Governor Clinton He is on the Point
of Sailing  322
Governor Clinton to Major General Knox Communicating a Resolu
tion of Thanks from the Council for His Services in Securing
the Peace of the. City When Evacuated by the British  322-323
Joseph Brant on Behalf of the Six Nations, Desires to Renew the
Ancient Covenant and Proposes that the Council be Held at
Fort Schuyler  323-325
Major Phil. Skene to Governor Clinton Desires to Return to Amer
ica and Become a Citizen of New York  326
The Contemplated Indian Council — Abraham Cuyler Forwards a
Letter from Joseph Brant to Governor Clinton — Sentiments of
James Duane on Indian Affairs  327-332
Joseph Brant to Henry Glen  827-328
James Duane Expresses his Views on the Indian
Question  328-332
Governor Clinton to Arthur Lee, Richard Butler & Oliver Wolcott
U. S. Commissioners in Relation to the Frontier Posts and the
Coming Council with the Indians at Fort Schuyler  332-333

vip Table op Contebstts. PAGES.
Governor Clinton to Joseph Brant as to the Contemplated Council
at Fort Schuyler  334r-335
Instructions to Peter Ryckman Who is Charged with a Letter to
Brant  335
Governor Clinton to James Deane, Interpreter, as to the Coming
Meeting at Fort Stanwix  336
Governor Clinton Invites Chancellor Livingston, on the Part of the
Commissioners, to Participate in the Council with the Indians. 336-337
Copy of Message from Arthur Lee & Richard Butler, United States
Commissioners, to the Chiefs of the Six Nations that They
Will Meet Them at Fort Schuyler on the 20th prox  337-338
Colonel James Monroe at Schenectady is Unable to Understand
Why the British Continue to Hold Military Posts in New York
State  338-339
The United States Commissioners Suggest to Governor Clinton that
New York's Course at the Coming Indian Council Should be
Subordinate to the General Treaty  339-340
James Deane, Interpreter, Informs Lieutenant Colbreath That
Brant Is Due the Following Day and Requests Two Gallons
of Rum  340-841
Peter Ryckman to Henry Glen Anent Joseph Brant and the Forth
coming Council  341-342
Governor Clinton Informs Henry Glen That He and His Associates
Will Proceed Shortly to the Council Place  843
Governor Clinton through Henry Glen Notifies Joseph Brant of a
Change in His Time of Proceeding to the Council  343-345
Governor Clinton to Joseph Brant  344
Governor Clinton to James Deane  344^-345
The Commissioners for Indian Affairs Discuss at Albany the
Approaching Council  345-346
Henry Glen Notifies Governor OUnton that Arrangements for Pro
ceeding to Fort Schuyler Have Been Made and He Invites the
Governor to be His Guest at Schenectady  •  346-347
Governor Clinton Requests James Deane to meet him at Fort
Schuyler  347
James Deane E.xplains to Governor Clinton his reasons for not
aiTlving Sooner at Fort Schuyler  347-348

Table of Contents. qvi
PAGES.
Jellis Fonda to Governor Clinton as to Rev. Mr. Kirkland Advis
ing the Oneidas Not to Exchange Any of Their Lands for
Other Lands  348
The Council at Fort Schuyler — Minutes of the Proceedings between
the Commissioners Representing the State of New York and
the Six Nations  349-379
A Return of Stores Received by Wm. Colbreath at Fort Schuyler
from Henry Glen, Bsquire, one of the Commissioners of Indian
Affairs  379-380
Joseph Brant to the United States Commissioners Regarding the
Duplicity of Mr. Kirkland  380-381
Governor Clinton to the New York Delegates In Congress Apprising
Them of the Approaching Adjournment of the Legislature. . . . 881-382
Governor Clinton Receives from the Secretary of Congress a Copy
of the Acts for the Protection of the Northwestern Frontier . . . 382-384
Correspondence Relative to Running and Marking the boundary
Line Between the States of New York and Pennsylvania  385-387
David Rlttenhouse to Simeon Dewitt  385-386
General Schuyler Declines the Appointment  386-387
Charles Thomson, Secretary of Congress, to Governor Clinton with
Act of Congress as to Laying Out the Western Territory into
States  387-391
Egbert Benson Files His Resignation as Attorney General with
Governor Clinton  392
Mr. Jay, Secretary of Foreign Affairs, Announces to Governor Clin
ton the Birth of the Duke of Normandy  393
Massachusietts Claim to Land in New York State — Governor Bow-
doln to Governor Clinton  393-395
The New York Common council Offers a Conditional Reward for
the Assailants of Brockholst Livingston  395-39G
Washington's Itinerary During the War — Itinerary of General
Washington, Commander-in-Chief of the Armies of the United
States, 15 June, 1775 to 1 January, 1784  396-413
Washington's Headquarters during the Revolution  T. . . 414-419
Houses visited by Washington during the Revolution  419
Index  421-467

CALENDAR FOR THE YEAR 1782.

Sun. Mon. Tues. Wed. Thurs. Fri. Sat.
Jan. 12 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16 17 18 19
20 21 22 23 24 25 26
27 28 29 30 31
Sun. Mon. Tues. Wed. Thurs. Fri. Sat.
Feb. 1 2
3 4 5 6 7 8 9
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
17 18 19 20 21 22 23
24 25 26 27 28
Sun. Mon. Tues. Wed. Thurs. Fri. Sat.
Mar. 1 2
3 4 5 6 7 8 9
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
17 18 19 20 21 22 23
24 25 26 27 28 29 30
31
Sun. Mon. Tues. Wed. Thm's. Fri. Sat.
April 12 3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10 11 12 13
14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27
28 29 80
Sun. Mon. Tues. Wed. Thurs. Fri. Sat.
May 12 3 4
5 6 7 8 9 10 11
12 13 14 15 16 17 18
19 20 21 22 23 24 25
26 27 28 29 30 31
Sun. Mon. Tues. Wed. Thurs. Fri. Sat.
June 1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15
16 17 18 19 20 21 22
23 24 25 26 27 28 29

30

vis

vi* Calendar for the Year 1782.

July

August

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Sun.

Mon.

Tues.

Wed.

Thurs.

Fri.

Sat.

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

Sun.
Mon.
Tues.
Wed.
Thurs. 1
Fri. 2
Sat. 3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
Sun.
Mon.
Tues.
Wed.
Thurs.
Fri.
Sat.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Sun.
Mon.
Tues.
Wed.
Thurs.
Fri.
Sat
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
Sun.
Mon.
Tues.
Wed.
Thurs.
Fri. 1
Sat 2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Sun.
Mon.
Tues.
Wed.
Thurs.
Fri.
Sat
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
81
Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

April

May

June

CALENDAR FOR THE YEAR 1783.

Sun,

Mon.

Tues.

Wed.

Thurs.

Fri.

Sat

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

80

31

Sun.
Mon.
Tues.
Wed.
Thurs.
Fri.
Sat 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
18
14
15
16
17
18
,19-
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
Sun.
Mon.
-Tues.
Wed.
Thurs.
Fri.
Sat 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 ¦
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
Sun.
Mon.
Tues.
Wed.
Thurs.
Fri.
Sat
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Sun.
Mon.
Tues.
Wed.
Thurs. 1
Fri. 2
Sat 8
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
Sun.
Mon.
Tues.
Wed.
Thurs.
Fti.
Sat
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
._¦..
vl«
vir Calendar for the Year 1783.
Sun. Mon. Tues. Wed. Thurs. Fri. Sat
July 12 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16 17 18 19
20 21 22 23 24 25 26
27 28 29 m 31
Sun. Mon. Tues. Wed. Thurs. Fri. Sat.
August 1 2
3 4 5 6 7 8 9
10 11 12 13 . 14 \ 15 16
17 18 19 20 21 22 23
24 25 26 27 28- 29 80
31
Sun. Mon. Tues. Wed. Thurs. Fri. Sat
Sept 1 2 8 4 5 e
7 8 9 10 11 12 13.
14 15 16 17 18 19 30.
21 22 23 24 25 26 " 27
28 29 80
Sun. Mon. Tues. Wed. Thurs. Fri. Sat.
Oct 12 3 4
5 6 7 8 9 • 10 11
' 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
19 20 21 22 23 24 25
26 27 28 29 80 81

Nov.

Sun. Mon. Tues. Wed. Thurs. Fri. Sat,

1

2 8 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15.
16 17 18 19 20 21 22-
23 24 25 26 27 28 29.
30
Sun. Mon. Tues. Wed. Thurs. Fri. Sat.
Dec. 1 2 3 4 5 6;
'^ 8 9 10 11 12 13.
14 15 16 17 18 19 20-
21 22 23 24 25 26 27
28 29 30 31

ILLUSTRATIONS.

No. 1 — Geneeal Geoeqe Washington — Frontispiece.
No. 2 — Plan of the City of New Tobk — opposite page viii.
No. 3 — St. Geoeges Chapel, Beekman Steeet, New Yobk. — opposite page
xxiv.
No. .4 — St. Paul's Church, New York, 1800 — opposite page 78.
No. 5^Map of the Batteby in 1783 and 1883 — opposite page 180.
No. 6 — Feaunces Tavern, New York, 1902 — opposite page 216.
No. 7 — Old City Hall, New Yoek City, Site of the Present Sub-
Teeasuby at Wall and Nassau Streets — opposite page 240.
No. 8 — Legqett's Half Way Tavern — opposite page 292.
No. 9 — Bull's Head Taveen, Site of the Old Bowery Theatre, New
York — opposite page 296. ^
No. 10 — Handbill of the Evacuation Day Proceedings in New Yoek —
opposite page 300.
No. 11. — The Long Room, Feaunces Taveen, Whebe Washington Bade
Farewell to His Officers — opposite page 308.
No. 12-^The PeoVqst As It Appeased in 1783— opposite page 318.
No. 13 — The Blue Bell Tavern at 181st Stbeet and Bboadway (Albany
Post Road), New Yobk, and The Peovost, Aitebwabd the Hall
OF Records As It Appeared In Its Lateb Days — opposite page
33a ^
viir

INTRODUCTION,

Introduction by Henry B. Dawson to " New York City during
the American Revolution : "
*From these circumstances — selected from among a multitude
of others — may be judged whether or not New York has a history
which is worthy of preservation; and whether or not the histo
rians and the makers of school-books who have disregarded her
patriotism, and left it unnoticed, have either been true to their
country, to themselves, or to the fidelity of history. At the same
time, and from the same circumstances, also, let it be determined
what degree of interest it is which clusters around the contents
of this volume, comprising exact copies of papers which have
never before been published, and which relate entirely to the stir
ring events of the American Revolution in New York, or to those
of the War of the Revolution through which the Independence of
the United States was finally established.
In the earlier part of the period referred to, [1765-1770] as will
be seen by reference to the mapf which accompanies the volume.
New York was but a village, in extent, when compared with the
populous and extended emporium which now stretches its boun
daries to the farthest limits of the island on which it stands. The
same " Broad Way," it is true, which then marked the course of
the " back-bone of the island," as far north as where Duane street
now crosses it, is still, as it was at that day, the pride of our citi-

• This article was written In the Spring of 1861. Matter in brackets for eluci
dative purposes inserted by the State Historian.
t See frontispiece.

viii Introduction.
zens, their favorite promenade, and the great centre of their
" shopping " interests. " The Bowling Green," also, and the
graveyards of Trinity and St. Paul's, the winding and narrow
thoroughfares in the lower part of the city, many of them bearing
new names, and all of them divested of the peculiarities which
they then possessed, and " the Commons," now dignified with the
name, although but very few of the accessories, of a " Park,"
remain to remind us of bygone days, and of generations which
have also departed, leaving not even a connecting link behind.
At the period referred to, the lower extremity of the island was
occupied with Fort George and its outworks — the latter embrac
ing three bastions, with connecting curtains, extending from
Whitehall slip on the south-east, to the line of the present Battery
place on the north-west.
The fort, a rectangular stone work, strengthened with bastions
at its angles, was elevated on an artificial mound, about fourteen
feet in height, which had been thrown up " at an enormous ex
pense ;" and its ga.teway, which fronted " the Bowling Green,"
was defended by a raveling or covert-port which had been thrown
out in front of the fort, toward the city. Within the enclosure of
the fort were the Provincial Governor's residence, a barrack
which would accommodate two hundred men, and two powder
magazines — the latter of which, from their dampness, were en
tirely useless; and the glacis or counterscarp on its eastern and
southern fronts, as far eastward as Whitehall street, and south
ward as far aS Pearl street, was occupied as gardens for the Gov
ernor's use.
The armaments of the fort, the raveling, and the line of works
on thewater line, were mounted en barbette; and although upward^
of one hundred and twenty pieces of artillery were on the ram-

Introduction. ix
parts, a distinguished military engineer of that period has in
formed us that it " seems to have been intended for profit and
form rather than for defence, it being entirely exposed to a fire in
reverse and enfilade," and that although " it carried a respectful
appearance withit (at a distance)," the defences on the northern
front were, " of themselves, but bad, this front being commaud'd
by a piece of ground equal to it at the end of ye Bowling Green,
its original parade, and formerly in the jurisdiction of the fort.
This height is 530 feet from it, and where its principal street com
mences called the Broadway."
Beside the barracks which were within the fort, another, some
times used for a military hospital, occupied the south-eastern
part of the present Battery, extending westward from Whitehall
street along the present southerly line of State street; while a
third, in which were posted the troops who harassed the people so
much at the period under consideration, occupied the northern
part of " the Common," on the southern line of the Chambera
street of our day.
Before noticing other portions of the city, as they appeared at
that early day, it may be proper to remark, that the ferry to
Staten Island occupied the site, at the foot of Whitehall street,
which it still retains; and that the eastern part of the Battery,
then and many years afterward, was occupied with a pool of
water, into which the tide flowed through Whitehall slip.
A stranger in New York, in 1767, would have seen little to ad
mire in the plan — or, rather, in the entire absence of any plan —
on which the city had been built; and the lower portions of it
still retain much of that early peculiarity. The unseemly juxta
position of fashionable private residences, merchants' stores, law
yers' offices, and mechanics' workshops— as we would consider it

X Introduction.
^also must have formed a curious feature, even in its principal
streets; but, in this respect, if not inthe former, the modern city
bas effected a radical and permanent change.
Passing from the gate of Fort George, and leaving the Pro
vincial Secretary's office on his right — on the western corner of
the Bowling Green and Whitehall street — the stroller around
town of that day had " the Broad Way," with its well-shaded side
walks, before him, and all the busy scenes which, from the earliest
days, have rendered it famous in the annals of New York.
Next to the glacis of the fort, on the western side of the street,
stood the elegant mansion of Captain [Archibald] Kennedy, of
the Royal Navy — a. building which, for architectural pretensions,
was rivalled only by the residence of Mr. [William] Walton, in
Queen street [326 Pearl street], now Franklin square. Like the
great city of which it still forms a part, it has survived the shock
of revolutions, the demands of commerce, and the senseless thirst
for change; and, with two stories added to its height, it is now
known as " The Washington," No. 1 Broadway.
Adjoining the residence of Captain Kennedy was another, then
owned by him, and subsequently purchased and occupied by the
Honorable John Watts, a son of the gentleman of the same name
who had been a member of the provincial Council — brother-in-law
of Sir John Johnson, and brother of Major Stephen Watts, whose
gallantry in the service of the King, at the battle of Oriskany, is
so well known. This house, also, survives the many changes
which have been made in Broadway ; and at the present time, is
occupied for offices.*
?This property was sold to Mr. Watts in February, 1792, for £2000 sterling ; in
1836, $107,000 was ofEered for it, and refused ; $93,000 was bid for it in 1836 or 1837 ;
and, about two years ago [1868], It changed hands for $137,500— a singular Instance
of the upward tendency of trade during the past few years,

Introduction. xi
Next above Mr. Watt's residence was that of Robert R. Liv
ingston, a justice of the Supreme Court of the colony, the father
of Chancellor Livingston, and one of the most distinguished of
the friends of the popular movements which, a few months earlier,
had convulsed the colony. After having been altered in some of
its parts, this building, also, is now occupied for offices.
The fourth house in the row, on the western side of the way,
was that of the Van Courtlandt family — one of the oldest and
most influential families in the colony; which has given way to a
modem-built residence, now also occupied for offices.
Next on his left was the City Arms Tavern, kept by George
Burns, the cradle of American Liberty, in) which even the patriot
ism of Faneuil Hall was rocked in the earliest stages of its exist
ence. In the large rooms on the second floor of that building, the
belles and beaux of 1767 frequently met and amused themselves
in " assemblies ;" while occasional concerts and lectures and ex
hibitions of different kinds found quarters in the same establish
ment. But other and more important assemblages than those of
the votaries of pleasure had met within the large room of the
City Arms, and made its name famous for all time to come. Two
years before (October 31, 1765), "upwards of two hundred prin
cipal merchants " of those who " traded to Great Britain " had
met in council in that room, and had there declared that they
would import no more goods from Great Britain while the Stamp
Act remained on the statute-books. They had also, at the same
time, appointed a " Committee of Correspondence," for the pur
pose of effecting a union of the several colonies — until that time
acting without concert in their opposition to the Government —
and thus having there committed the first overt act of rebellion ;
and having, at the same time, laid the foundation of the union of

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The Pr.AN of the City of New Yoiik, l7e(D-l7BY.
xii Introduction.
thirteen separate and discordant peoples in that room, the mer
chants of New York had inaugurated! the City Arms as the head
quarters of the American Revolution.
The old building, thus rendered famous in the history of Amer
ica — for many years known as " The Atlantic Garden " — ^^has also
remained, with but few alterations, until the past summer (1860), •
when it gave way to the demands of commerce, having been torn
down to make room for a freight-depot for the Hudson River Rail
road Company.
Meanwhile, on the opposite side of " the Broad Way," was the
well-known " Bowling Green," skirted by a double row of trees
which extended up the slope of the street nearly as far as Beaver
lane (Morris street). The fragments of a broken-down fence
which appeared, here and there, around the Green, even at that
time, bore silent testimony to the passer-by, of the audacity of
the citizens, in their opposition to the Stamp Act of 1765 ; and re
vealed the source from whence were drawn some of the materials
for the bonfire in which also were consumed the Lieutenant Gov
ernor's [Cadwallader Colden] effigy, as livell as his sleighs, car
riage, and harnesses, in the celebrated " Stamp-Act Riot " of
November 1, 1765.
In the immediate vicinity of " the Bowling Green," in 1767,
were also established other persons who were prominent in the
mercantile, or mechanical, or social circles of New York. On the
western side of the street were George Crossle and Robert Fur-
syth, " from Ireland," whose blacksmith shop, and weekly adver
tisements — the latter more in keeping with the practice of the
present day — were equally prominent. C. Wiggins, also, with his
ship-joiner's shop, was an occupant of the western side of the
Broad Way ; as was Mrs. Steele, in her " Kings Arms Tavern,"

Introduction. xiii
which she had removed from the lower end of Broad street four
jears before. On the eastern side of the street was the York Tav
ern ; and two doors from Beaver street, also opposite the Bowling
<jreen, was the residence of Sir Edward Pickering, Bart.
Between Beaver lane and the Lutheran church [at the present
Rector street], in 1767, Broadway was generally occupied with
private dwellings ; and the promenader, so far as we have been in
formed, met nothing of particular moment. " The alley which
led to the oyster pasty" (Exchange alley) on his left, and Ver-
lattenberg, or, as it was generally called, Flatten-Barrack street
(Exchange place), on his right, — ^as they still do, broke the monot
ony of the scene.
At some distance to the right, from the Broad Way, on the
iipper side of Garden street (Exchange place), between Broad and
Smith (now William) streets, alt the period of which we write,
stood the ancient church-edifice of the " Old " Dutch Church. It
was an oblong square, with three sides of an octagon on the east
side. In the front it had a square tower, of such large dimen
sions, that the consistory's meetings were held in it, above the en
trance. That ancient meeting-house remained until 1807, when
it was taken down to make room for a new edifice, which, in its
turn, was destroyed, in " the great fire " of December, 1835.
On the corner of what is now known as Rector street (then
without a name), stood the old Lutheran Church, with its curious
belfry; and, in its rear — ^toward the North River — was "the
English school," which had been established and fostered, through
a series of heavy trials, by the Vestry of Trinity Church. Oppo
site the Lutheran Church, on the eastern side of the Broad Way,
stood the school-house of W. Elphinstone, one of the most accom
plished teachers, of his day, in the city.

xiv Introduction.
Trinity Church, in 1767, occupied the same site — ^^surrounded
by the memorials of the departed — as that on which she now
stands. Separated from the sidewalk by a painted picket-fence,
the modest structure — one hundred and forty-eight feet long by
seventy-two in breadth^ — presented its semicircular chancel to tl^e
street ; while, at its western extremity, its simple pinnacled .tower
and steeple rose one hundred and seventy-five feet into the air.
Within, this ancient edifice was ornamented beyond any other
place of public worship in the city. The head of the chancel was
adorned with an altar-piece ; and opposite to it, at the other end
of the building, was the organ. The tops of the pillars which
supported the galleries were decked with the gilt busts of angels,
winged. From the ceiling were suspended two glass branches,
and on the walls hung the arms of Governor [Benjamin] Fletcher
and some others of its principal benefactors. That building was
destroyed in the great fire of 1776 ; and the substantial structure
which was erected in its place, in its turn, has given way to the
prevailing taste for change — the magnificent edifice which is now
the parish-church of Old Trinity, representing as truly the spirit
of the present a.ge as the old building first referred to did that of
the merchants and the people of New York in 1767.
Immediately in front of Trinity Church, in the olden time as
it still does. Wall street extended from the Broad Way to the
East River. In the earlier days of the colony (1653), "a wall,"
or stockade, had been erected along the northern line of this
street, for the protection of the town — giving a name to the thor
oughfare at its base ; and, although the necessity for the preserva
tion of that wall no longer existed, when Governor Dongan ad
ministered the government, in 1688, portions of it still remained.
On its northern side, near the Broad Way, a little back from the

Introduction. xv
street, in 1767^ stood the stone, steepled meeting-house of the Pres
byterian Church, in the pulpit of which the Rev. Messrs. Treat
and Rodgers were accustomed to present the truths of the gospel,
as defined by the Westminster Assembly; and farther down — on
the lower corner of Nassau street, where the Custom-house [the
present Sub-treasury] now stands^ — ^stood the City Hall, which
served also as the Municipal and Colonial Court-house, the Debt
ors' and County Jail, and the Capitol of the Province. The
former of these buildings — the meeting-house — after various
changes and reconstructions,* was removed, with great care, in
1844, and reappeared, in its former style, in Washington street,
Jersey City, where it still stands, the meeting-house of the First
Presbyterian Church — a row of splendid stores taking the place
of the old meeting-house; which, subsequently, have also given
way to the demands for " offices," and a row of still newer build
ings, on the same ground, now furnish quarters for a host of
lawyers, bankers, brokers, insurance companies, &c. ; the church,
meanwhile, occupying a fine new edifice on the corner of Fifth
avenue and West Eleventh street. The latter of the two — the old
City Hall — after having passed through many changes (the most
important of which was that under the direction of Major
L'Enfant, for the reception of the first Federal Congress, under
the new Constitution), was taken down in 1813, to make way for
dwellings and stores, which also, .in their turn, have given way to
the fine building occupied by the Revenue Department of the Gov
ernment, before referred to.
Proceeding up the Broad Way, from the Trinity Church, the
promenader, in 1767, first passed King (now Pine) street on his

*BulIt In 1718 ; enlarged in 1768 ; rebuilt in 1810 ; burned In the fall of 1834 ; and
rebuilt Immediately afterward.

xvi Introduction.
right, and Stone (now Thames) street on his left — the former ex
tending eastward from the Broad Way to the East River; the lat
ter westward from the same central thoroughfare to the North
River, which at that point then flowed on the present line of
Greenwich street.
Immediately above Stone (now Thames) street, on the west side
of the Broad Way, in 1767, stood " The King's Arms Tavern " — so-
celebrated in the earlier times. It had been erected in the days-
of Lord Cornbury ; and, subsequently, it had been the mansion of
Lieutenant Governor [James] De Lancey — its gray-stone walls^
its narrow, arched windows, reaching to the floor; its rear piazza,.
overlooking the North River, and affording a fine lounging-place-
for the officers of the garrison and the fashionables of the city;.
and its cupola, which afforded one of the finest views of " Old New
York," being among the most prominent points of interest remem
bered by the sojourner in the city, at the period of which we write,
Little-Queen (now Cedar) street was next passed^ on the right,.
and Little (also Cedar) street on the left — ^then extending from
the North River on the west, as at this time, to Smith (now Will-
iam) street on the east.
On the south side of Little-Queen street, between the Broad Waj
and Nassau street, stood the " New-Scots' Church," in which the
Rev. Doctor John Mason at that time preached (a modest edifice,.
sixty-five by fifty-four feet in extent, which had been erected im
1758) ; and farther down the same street, in an open space which
extended through to King (now Pine) street, stood the ancient
Huguenot Church, " Du St. Esprit," a stone edifice, fifty by sev
enty-seven feet in extent, whose quaint hipped roof, and circular-
headed windows, and lofty tower, and crowded graveyard, have
disappeared only within a few years.

Introduction. xvii
In the middle of the Broad Way, extending from the centre of
the block between Little (now Cedar) street and Crown (now Lib
erty) street to that of the next block above, was the wooden shed
which had been dignified with the name of the Oswego Market;
while, clustered around it — as was, also, the case with the immedi
ate vicinities of other market-houses in the city — ;were the stores
of many of the merchants of that period. The hardware stores
of Gilbert Forbes, the elder, and that of Peter T. Curtenius, on
the latter of which was displayed as a sign a large gilt " anvil and
hammer," the dry-goods stores of Mr. Conover, the boarding-house
of Mr. Kip, and the tavern kept by Mr. Miller, were among the
principal establishments which gave life to the scene around this
market-house ; although others were there whose owners, with the
edifices which they occupied, have passed away to be forever
forgotten. Crown (now Liberty) street extended from opposite the centre
of the Oswego Market, on either hand, to the North River on the
west and to Maiden lane on the east — its present limits. On the
western side of the Broad Way, it is probable. Crown street was
occupied with residences' — 'Melancton Smith, one of the most
prominent members of the bar, residing in one of them. On the
eastern side of the Broad Way, Crown street presented several
interesting features. On its northern side, near the Broad Way,
was the small, unassuming frame building which had been erected
in 1706, as a meeting-house for the Friends' Society, subsequently
a hospitaj during the Revolutionary War, and afterward the feed-
store of Grant Thorburn, whose recollections still interest the
readers of our newspapers at frequent intervals. Opposite to this
edifice was the select school-house of George Murray — pyobably a
member of the " society " which met in the neighboring meeting-

xviii Introduction.
house— where many of the well-known men of a later period re
ceived their education. A few doors below Murray's school-
house, on the south-east corner of Nassau street, stood the Middle
Dutch Church, with its neat portico and painted picket-fence, and
substantial tower and belfry, and surrounding graveyard, the
scene of that innovation by Rev. Dr. Laidlie, in 1764— a sermon
in the English language — which, at the period of which we write,
and for many years after, had called out, and continued to call
out, the bitterest opposition of the conservative Knickerbockers
of our city. Adjoining the old church edifice, on the same side of
Crown street, the gloomy sugar-house of the Livingstons, erected
some eighty years before, frowned on the passer-by ; and the hor
rors of which it was the scene, from 1776 to 1781, might have been
readily foretold, had the mutterings of a rising storm, which were
apparent to the careful observer even in 1767, been noted and con
sidered. The sugar-house, with its evidences of suffering hu
manity, has passed away, leaving only a few walking-canes, which
have been made from its timbers, as the witnesses of its former
existence ; the old church edifice, stripped of its picket-fence and
its wooden portico, its pulpit and its pews, has become the centre
of the vast postal business of this city, and, having been pur
chased by the United States, bids fair to give way at an early day
to a more commodious and elegant structure.* Descending " the
Potter-baker's hill," in front of the residence of Hon. William
Smith, to Smith (now William) street, and thence to Maiden
lane, where it still terminates. Crown street, in 1767, was one of
the most important streets in the city, forming, as it still does,
•The old Dutch Church was abandoned as the post office in September, 1876,
when the government formally took possession of the granite structure that had
been erected at the South end of City Hall Park. The Mutual Life Insurance
Building occupies the site of the old Dutch Church.— State Historian.

Introduction. xix
one of the few thoroughfares in the lower part of the city which
extended from river to river.
Maiden lane and Cortlandt street, both well known to the citi
zens of the present day, were next passed, the former extending
to the East River, the latter to the North River. At the foot of
the former, in the wide space which still remains there, was " the
Fly Market," while the stairs on the river near by were one of
the termini of the Long Island ferry ; at the foot of the latter was
the ferry to Powle's Hook (Jersey City), which still retains the
same position. On the King's wharf, on the North River, between
Cortlandt and Partition (now Fulton) streets, were the arsenal
and the royal store-houses.
Dey street on the west side of the Broad Way, and John street
opposite to Dey street, are still well known ; and in 1767, and for
nearly three quarters of a century afterward, they afforded pleas
ant places of residence for those who thronged the " business
streets " of that portion of the city.
On the eastern side of. Smith (now William) street, between
John and Fair (now Fulton) street, in 1767, stood a low, wooden
building, in the low loft of which a sailmaker had found a work
shop. In. that humble edifice, which has remained until within a
few years, on the same site, the First Baptist Church in this city
found its first public abiding place; and at the period of which
we write (1767), the First Methodist Church were also enjoying
the same peculiar privilege under the same roof. It is a singular
fact that the first public resting place of two of the principal re
ligious denominations in this city was in the same unpretending
sail-loft ; while it is not less remarkable that the old structure
was permitted to remain to so recent a date.

XX Introduction.
East from William street, at the period referred to, the John
street of to-day, was known as Golden Hill street; and there, and
in the Fly (now Pearl street) between Burling slip and Fly Market
(now Maiden lane) the spirited contest known as " The Battle of
Golden Hill," in which was shed the first blood of the American
Revolution, was fought on the eighteenth of January, 1770, two
months before the " massacre " in King street, Boston, and five
years and four months before the affair at Lexington.
On the northern side of John street, near the Broad Way, in
1767, was the only theatre which was then in New York. It stood
about sixty feet back from the street, with which it was connected
by a covered way extending from the sidewalk to the door of the
building. It was of wood, " an unsightly object," painted red ; and
on the seventh of December, 1767, the first season in that edifice
was opened with Farquhar's comedy of The Beau's Stratagem
and Garrick's Lethe, the celebrated " American Company " tak
ing the several characters.*
* The following, a copy of the advertisement of that performance, which appeared
In The New York Mercury, of the same date will Interest some of my readers :
By Permission of his Excellency the Governor
By the American COMPANY
At the Theatre, In John street, this present evening, being the 7th Instant
December ; will be presented, A Comedy, call'd, the
STRATAGEM.
Archer, by Mr. Hallam, Scrub by Mr. Wall,
Almwell, by Mr. Henry Boniface, by Mr. Douglass,
Sullen, by Mr. Tomllnson, Dorinda, by Miss Hallam,
Freeman, by Mr. Malone, Lady BountlfuU, by Mrs. Harman,
Folgard, by Mr. AUyn, Cherry, by Miss Walnwrlght,
Gibbet, by Mr. WooUs, Gipsey, by Mrs. Wall,
Mrs. Sullen, by Miss Cheer.
An Occasional Epilogue by Mrs. Douglass.
To which will be added, a Dramatic Satire, call'd,
LETHE.
..'Esop, by Mr. Douglass, Mercury, (with Songs,) by Mr. WooUs,
Pi-unken Man, by Mr. Hallam, Charon, by Mr. Tomllnson,
Frenchman, by Mr. Allyn, Mrs. Tattoo, by Mrs. Hallam,
Fine Gentleman, by Mr. Wall, Mr. Tattoo, by Malone,
Mrs. Riot, (with a Song In character,) by Miss Walnwrlght.
To begin exactly at Six o'Clock. Vlvant Rex & Eeglna.
No Person, on any Pretence, whatever, can be admitted behind the scenes.
TICKETS to be had at the Bible and Crown, In Hanover-Square, and at Mr.
Hayes's, at the Area of the Theatre.
Places In the Boxes, may be taken of Mr. Broadbelt, at the Stage Door. Ladles
win please to send their Servants to keep their places, at 4 o'clock.
BOXES 8s. PIT 5b. GALLERY 3s.

Introduction. xxi
On the eastern side of Nassau street, near John, was the new
meeting-house of the German Reformed Church, of which the Rev.
J. M. Kern was the pastor. This old building survived until
within a few years ; and many of those who were in business near
John street twenty years ago, will recollect the restaurant of
Leonard Gosling, with its hundreds of dishes, which, at that time,
found accommodation under its roof.
That portion of Gold street of our day which is between John
street and Maiden lane, was called " Rutgers* Hill " in 1767 ; and
the large brewery of Anthony Rutgers, jr., at that time occupied
the northeast corner of that lane and Maiden lane where the old
established house of Wolfe and Bishop so long did business.
Eastward from Golden Hill (now Johni) street, our Gold street, at
that time (1767) was known as Vanderclifif street — 'after Dirck
Vanderclifif, whose orchard, many years before, had occupied that
locality; and on its northern side, between Golden Hill (now
John) street, and Fair (now Fulton) street, stood the meeting
house of the First Baptist Church, of which the Rev. John Gano
was the pastor. It was then a plain, stone edifice, having been
enlarged within three years after its first erection, fifty-two by
forty-two feet in extent; and it remained there until 1840, when
it was torn down, the materials serving as part of those which
were taken for the construction of the new meeting-house in
which the same church still worships, at the corner of Broome
and Elizabeth streets.
Proceeding up the Broad Way from Dey street, the promenader
in 1767 next crossed Partition (now Fulton) street, extending
westward to the North River; or Fair (also Fulton), street, which
extended eastward only to the present Cliff street.

xxii Introduction.
On the lower corner of Fair and Dutch streets stood the small
frame meeting-house of the Moravian Church, which had been
erected in 1751; and on the north-eastern comer of Fair and
William streets stood the more imposing stone edifice of the
North Dutch Church, which still retains its original appearance
and is still used by the same body, as in 1767, and for the same
objects. On the upper comer of Partition (now Fulton) street and
the Broad Way, in 1767, stood St. Paul's Chapel, which had
been dedicated in October, 1766; and it still stands there, sur
rounded by its crowded grave-yard, one of the most interesting of
the few landmarks which have been preserved in our city.
Opposite to St. Paul's Chapel, the road to Boston — one of the
great outlets from the city — ^branched off from the Broad Way;
and the present Park Row, and Chatham street, and the Bowery,
indicate the general course which it took through the suburbs of
the city.
Vesey and Barclay streets, named after two rectors of Trinity
Church; Robinson (now Park Place,) Murray, Warren, Church,
and Chapel [West Broadway] streets, on the western side of the
Broad Way, with the edifice of the King's (now Columbia) Col
lege at the foot of Robinson street, are too well known to' the citi
zens of New York of the present day to need any particular notice
in this place. In 1767, these streets were generally occupied for
residences — John and Martin Cregier being among the number —
although David Grim, who has rendered so much service to the
student of our local history, dispensed his ales and his good cheer
at the sign of " the Three Tuns " in Chapel street.
On the eastern side of the Broad Way, opposite the streets re
ferred to, was the Common — an open ground, whicl is still well

Introduction. xxiii
known as " The Park." Even at that early day the people had
been accustomed to assemble at that place to express their wishes.
They had rendezvoused there on the evening of the thirty-first of
October, 1765, and on the following evening preparatory to the
celebrated " Stamp Act Riots ;" and at the same place on the fol
lowing Tuesday, they had reassembled, armed, with the avowed
intention to storm the Fort in order to obtain possession of the
stamped papers which had been deposited within it. They had
also met in that place, on the fifteenth of November, 1765, to ex
press their pleasure v/hen Sir Henry Moore had declared that " he
had nothing to do with the stamps;" and in December of the
.same year, when the first stamped instrument appeared in New
York, the procession which bore it procee'ded to that place and
burned it with the effigies with which it had been accompanied.
On the sixth of March, 1706, also, they had assembled there to
express their indignation against the conduct of Lieutenant-Gov
ernor Colden in spiking the guns in the king's yard and on the
Copsey Battery; and in May of the same year they had cele
brated, at the same place, with great spirit, the repeal of the ob
noxious act. On its western margin, nearly opposite Murray
street, the celebrated Liberty-pole was erected in June, 1766; and
around its base (or those of the poles which, from time to time,
had been erected in the place of those which the soldiers had de
stroyed) cluster many of the most romantic associations of that
interesting era.* On the nineteenth of March, 1767, the fourth
pole had been erected on that spot in honor of " the King, Pitt,
and Liberty ;" and the colors had fioated gaily from its summit on
the birthday of the sovereign.

•For a full description of the Liberty poles and the clashes between the citizens of
New York and the British troops see Clinton papers, Vol. I, pages 42-54.— State
Historian.

xxiv Introduction.
Within the area of this Common, our present Park, on the very
spot on which now stands the City Hall, stood in 1767 the Poor-
house, in the rear of which was a large garden ; while on the space
between that and the Broad Way, trees were planted. Eastward
from the Poor-house stood the Prison, a rectangular stone build
ing, surmounted with a cupola — a building which, during the sub
sequent war of the Revolution, was occupied by Cunningham, the
provost marshal, whose cruelties to the " rebel " prisoners who
were placed under his charge are so well known. That building,
with modern improvements both interior and exterior, still re
tains its place in the Park, and is known to all our citizens as
" The Hall of Records."* North from the Poor-house, near the
site which the row of buildings known as " The New City Hall "
more recently occupied, at that time stood the long line of bar
racks Avhich furnished quarters for the troops whose turbulent
spirit produced so much confusion in the city, and whose determi
nation to cut down " the Liberty -pole " proved so powerful an
element in the movements of that period.
On the eastern side of the road to Boston, near the corner of
Beekman street, at that time stood the unfinished structure of
" the New Presbyterian Meeting," within whose walls, on the fol
lowing New Year's Day, the message of the gospel was first deliv
ered by the Rev. Dr. Rogers. That building, also, until within
a few months, occupied the same position — being the well-known
" Brick Church " meeting-house in whose Society the venerable
Rev. Dr. [Gardiner] Spring still retains his pastorate — but the
building itself has given way to the demands of trade, and has
disappeared.! A short distance below Nassau street, in Beekman street, at
that time also stood the remains of the old theatre — the third
•Removed by order of the city authorities, July, 1902.— State Historian.
+For many years, up to the autumn of 1904, the New York Times was published at
this spot.— State Historian.

St. George's Chapel. Beekman St., New York.

Introduction. xxv
erected in the city of New York — which had been destroyed by the
people during the political troubles which had swept over New
York a few months before ; while a short distance above, on the
corner of Frankfort and King George (now North William)
street, stood the low stone -church edifice of " the Swamp Lutheran
Church," a building which is well-remembered by many of the
30ung men of the city.
At the foot of Warren street, extending to the present Cham
bers street, and overlooking the river, was the Vaux Hall, occu
pied in 1767 by the celebrated Major Thomas James of the Royal
Regiment of artillery. It had been occupied by him during the
summer and fall of 1765 ; and, during the riots which greeted the
Stamp Act on the first of November of that year, it had been vis
ited and ransacked by the excited populace, as will be seen by ref
erence to the first of the series of papers in the following collec
tion. Immediately afterward he had returned to Europe, but he
came back to America in the following year, and probably, at the
period of which we write, he was again an occupant of the Vaux
Hall, as in 1768 he is known to have resided there. At a subse
quent period the property passed into the hands of Samuel
Fraunces — "Black Sam" of local celebrity during the Revolu
tionary era. Under his auspices the establishment was opened
as a tea garden, the visitors to which were received and enter
tained with all the grace which, many years afterward, so pecu
liarly characterized the chef of the cuisine in President Washing
ton's establishment. After the Revolutionary War this building
was used as their first place of meeting for public worship by the
Roman Catholics in this city — the first appearance of St. Peter's
church, now in Barclay street.

xxvi Introduction.
Nor-th of the Common, on the eastern side of the Broad Way^
where A. T. Stewart & Co's dry-goods store now stands, [the pres
ent Stewart building] in the olden time was the negro burying-
ground; and on the side hill which extended eastward, descend
ing toward the Little Collect, in the vicinity of Centre and Duane
streets of 1861, was the place which was usually selected for the
public execution of criminals. The " Little Collect " referred to,
was a low, marshy lake, bordered on its northern margin by a
strip of high, dry ground, which separated it from the Collect, or
Fresh water, a larger and deeper lake which occupied the site of
the " Tombs " and its vicinity, with an outlet into the North River
along the present line of Canal street. On the dry strip of ground
separating the two collects before referred to, near the junction
of Centre and Pearl streets of 1861, stood " the Powder-house," or
magazine of the city ; and a short distance east from it, near the
site occupied by the Five Points, was a large tan-yard. The negro
burying-ground and the gallows, the powder-house and the tan-
yard have all disappeared ; and the two lakes have been filled up,
and their outlet arched over, to afford room for the demands of an
extending city.
The Broad Way extended northward no farther than the pres
ent Duane street, immediately north of which, near the spot where
the Hospital now stands, in the block now bounded by Duane,
Worth, Church streets and Broadway, was the Ranelagh, a noted
place of resort in the olden time. Still farther up, near the spot
where Grand street now intersects Broadway, stood the country
residence of Mr. [Nicholas] Bayard. It occupied a commanding
site which overlooked the upper part of the city, with the inter
vening valley and the surrounding country; and the splendid
gardens on its southern front, and the well-shaded drive which

Introduction. xxvii
led from the mansion to the Bowery lane, which it entered a short
distance above Broome street, rendered it one of the most delight
ful of the many elegant suburban residences of that day.
Extending along the margin of the North River from the fort to
Murray street, on the line of Greenwich street, to the upper ex
tremity of the island in 1767 was the " Road to Greenwich," as it
was then called, furnishing another outlet from the city to the
northward. Along this road, also, were scattered the elegant
grounds and residences of many of the leading citizens of that
early day — among which were those of Mr. George Harrison, in
the vicinity of Harrison street ; and Mr. Leonard Lispenard, near
Laight street; that of Abraham Mortier, Esq., the paymaster-
general of the royal forces — since well known as the old Rich
mond Hill, in which General Washington and Aaron Burr have
both resided, on the south-east corner of Varick and Charlton
streets ; that of Lady Warren, wife of Admiral Sir Peter Warren
—which still remains; surrounded with the shade-trees of former
times, the well-preserved residence of Abraham Van Nest, Esq.,
one of the oldest merchants of the city, on Charles, Perry,
Bleecker, and Fourth streets; that of James Jauncey, Esq., a
leading importer of that day, near Bethune street of our day;
that of Colonel William Bayard, another prominent merchant,
which stood on the line of Horatio street, between Greenwich and
Washington streets ; that of Oliver De Lancey, Esq., subsequently
a brigadier-general in the royal service, which stood near the line
of Thirteenth street, west from Ninth avenue; that of Colonel
Thomas Clarke — " Chelsea " — in which his son-in-law. Bishop
Moore, subsequently resided, and which has remained until within
a few years, on the south side of West Twenty-third street, be
tween the Ninth and Tenth avenues; and that of John Morin

xxviii Introduction.
Scott, Esq., one of the most learned members of the New York bar,
and an early " Son of Libeirty," which also remained until within
a few years, having been known as " The Hermitage " and " The
Temple of Health," on West Forty-third street, betwen the Eighth
and Ninth avenues.
On the eastern side of the island, also, the country seats of the
principal citizens of New l^'ork, in 1767, were thickly scattered.
Crossing eastward from Mr. Scott's seat, the wanderer of 1767
would have struck the East River near Turtle-Bay, near -wliich,
fronting on the Boston road, an extension of the Bowery lane,
was the elegant mansion of the Friend Robert Murray, whose ven
erable ladyj in September, 1776, by detaining the British officers
at lunch, rendered such efficient service to the retreating
Americans. A short distance above Mr. Murray's (near the present corner
of First avenue and Fiftieth street) stood the country-seat of Mr.
Beekman, one of the most distinguished of the New Yorkers of
that day. That house, after serving as the head-quarters of Gen
erals Howe, Clinton, and Robertson, and furnishing, in its green
house, a prison for the martyr-spy, Nathan Hale, still stands one
of the most interesting memorials of old New York now in exist
ence. Nearer to the city and to the river, was " Rose Hill," the
country-seat of Hon. John Watts, whose city residence on Dock
street will be referred to hereafter; while in the immediate vi
cinity, and reached through the same lane, on the bank of the
river near the foot of East Twenty-third street, was the seat of J.
Keteltas. Near the Boston road, also surrounded with gardens, were the
seats of James Duane, Esq., near Gramercy Park, and T. Tiebout,
near the Fourth avenue and East Eighteenth street — the former

Introduction. xxix
a distinguished member of the bar, and well known in the subse
quent history of his country. The country-seat of Petrus Stuy-
vesant, then on the bank of the river (but near the corner of East
Seventeenth street and the First avenue as the city now stands),
and communicating with the Boston road by means of a long,
straight, closely-shaded drive; that of Gerardus Stuyvesant
nearer to the road (near the present Thirteenth street, between
the Second and Third avenues), and that of Nicholas William
Stuyvesant, a fine hip-roofed mansion, with a lofty portico, which
stood in Eighth .«treet, between the First and Second avenues,
were also prominent objects in the north-eastern suburbs of the
city. Still nearer to the city, on the west side of the Boston road,
was the seat of Mr Herrin, and a short distance below it, that of
Mr. Dyckman; while the elegant double, brick residence of Mr.
DeLancey, on the eastern' side of the Bowery lane near the present
De Lancey street, with its semi-circular gateway, its dense shade
trees, and its fine gardens in the rear of the house, was one of the
most attractive features in that part of the island.
On the extreme eastern front of the city, 'svestward as far as
the First avenue, " the Stuyvesant meadows " presented their
dreary surface; and notwithstanding the march of improvements
which has characterized the past fifty years, there are here and
there small portions of these " meadows " still preserving nearly
their original level, although surrounded by highly valuable im
provements on every side.
In the south-eastern part of the city near Corker's Hook, in
1767, were also scattered several fine country-seats, among which
were those of Mr. Jones, called " Mount Pitt," on Grand street
near Attorney street; that of Mr. Ackland, on the extremity of
the Hook; that of Mr. Byvanck, one of the principal among the

XXX Introduction.
merchants at that period, near the present Gouverneur slip; Mr.
Degrushe's with its extensive rope-walk, near the foot of Mont
gomery street; and Mr. Henry Rutgers', on the present Rutgers
Place. On the Bowery lane, on his way toward the present Chatham
square, the traveller in 1767 passed a new and growing part of
the city. Prom Bayard's lane above Broome street, to Bayard
street west of the Bowery, although it had been laid out into
blocks, the neighborhood appears to have been settled only on
the line of the great thoroughfare; and Elizabeth, and Winne
(now Mott), and Ryndert (now Mulberry) streets, were com
paratively uninhabited. On the eastern side of the Bowery, how-
lever, it appears to have been thickly settled as far down as
Division street, and eastward several blocks. There is no doubt,
however, that like nearly every other pioneer movement in all
other parts of the city, and at all times, these portions of the
town were the places where the working-classes chiefly resided,
although the vicinity of the public slaughter-house which then
stood on the' corner of Bayard and Ryndert . (now Mulberry)
streets, naturally attracted many of the butchers of that part to
that neighborhood.
On the east side of Elizabeth street, between Hester and St.
Nicholas (now Canal) streets, stood a large windmill, its yard ex
tending through to the Bowery; and on the west side of the
Bowery lane, between St. Nicholas and Bayard streets., on the site
now occupied by the Old Bowery Theatre, stood an old-fashioned,
two-story and attic country tavern — "the Bull's Head" — sur
rounded by pens for the accommodation of the droves of cattle,
sheep, calves, etc., which were brought there for a market. The
butchers, who lived near by, and the public slaughter-house and

Introduction. xxxi
" the Bull's Head " being in the same neighborhood, many of the
distressing scenes which are now presented in the streets of New
York were then unknown ; and the butcher boys — not less fond of
fast driving, probaibly, than in our day — found other opportuni
ties, in 1767, than those which are now afforded while carting
their small stock from the cattle-market to the distant slaughter
houses. /
Below " the Bull's Head," on the same side of the Bowery lane,
at a distance from the street, but near the corner of Pell .street of
our day (not then opened), in 1767 stood a small, two-story frame
building, which was the scene of the tragedy of Charlotte Temple,
so well known to our readers ; and a portion of the old building,
removed to the corner of Pell street, still remains, being occupied
as a drinking-shop under the sign of " the Old Tree House."
Beside these objects, nothing of special interest then existed to
attract the attention of the annalist of that period, until the trav
eller had passed down the hill which then occupied the site of the
present Chatham square, and had approached " the Common " to
which reference has already been made.
Catherine and Oliver, James, Roosevelt, and Queen (now Pearl)
streets, branched off to the left in 1767, as they still do; the first
three extending to the East River, Roosevelt as far as Cherry
street, and Queen by its present circuitous course joining with
Hanover square, as it was then called, at Wall street.
The southern portion of Queen street at the period referred to
(1767) was also known as "the Fly;" and it was, at that time,
one of the principal business streets in the city. In St. George's
(now Franklin) square, Edward Laight then carried on business
as a currier and dealer in hardware; opposite to whose store the
Hon. William Walton resided, in the still well-known " Walton

xxxii Introduction.
House," at that time the most elegant private residence in the city.
Near the same street (Queen or Pearl), in Peck slip, at that time
was the dry-goods store of James Farquharson ; while near " the
ship yards " at the foot of James, Oliver, and Catherine streets,
was the large distillery of the Desbrosses family. In the same
street (Queen) near Beekman, were the watch-makers and jewel
lers' shop of T. & M. Perry, and the large mercantile establishment
of Walter Franklin, one of the leading merchants of his day. In
Beekman street above Cliff, a® is still the case, St. George's Chapel
stood — a solid, but very neat edifice, which had been opened for
divine service in 1752 ; and in Beekman slip near Queen street was
th6 extensive hardware store of Hubert Van Wagenan, whose
sign of a " Golden Broad-axe " was so often referred to in the an
nals of that period. Farther down Queen street, near the Burling
slip, was the hardware store of William & Ustick, on which were
displayed a large " Lock and Key."
This [William]! Ustick was undoubtedly one of the firm of
W^illiam & Henry Ustick, whose deliberate violation of the non
importation agreement in March, 1775, among other matters, led
to the celebrated meeting of " the Sons of Liberty," at the Lib
erty-pole on the Common, on the sixth of April, 1775, at which
John Lamb and Marinus Willett presided, and Captain Isaac
Sears — " King Sears " — called on the people to arm, and to sup
ply themselves with twenty-four rounds of ammunition; and he
was one of the most influential merchants in the hardware trade
of that day.
Opposite Burling slip, also in Queen street, was the establish
ment of Jacob Le Roy, with its varied assortment of hemp, cord
age, yarn, dry goods, hardware, etc. ; while just below the street,
in the slip, was the grocery of Jeremiah Brower.

Introduction. xxxiii
Proceeding down Queen street toward Maiden lane, the large
grocery of Peters & Rapelje was passed ; and " the Fly Market,"
or rather the Fly Markets — for it is said there were two wooden
sheds which bore this collective name — soon afterward presented
itself to the view of the passerby. The Fly Market occupied the
slip at the foot of Maiden lane, as already stated; and there, also,
were the ferry stairs at which the boats from Brooklyn discharged
their passengers and their cargoes.
Around this Fly Market, as around all the other markets of
that day, were the residences or business establishments of many
of the merchants of New York. William Malcolm, one of the
early vestrymen of Trinity Church; Mr. Rapelje, a leading im
porter of the varied merchandise used in the colony; Alexander
Wilson, a heavy dealer in dry goods; Philip Livingston, a dealer
in hardware, glass, grindstones, marble chimney-pieces, rum, furs,
etc. — & leading politjician, and a signer of the Declaration of In
dependence, in 1776 — near the ferry stairs; Walter & Thomas
Buchanan & Co., dealers in dry goods, caibles, shoes, etc. — to whom
the New York tea ship was consigned in 1773 ; McDavitt, the auc
tioneer ; and Nicholas Carmer, at the sign of " the Cross-Hand
saws," were among the number of those who did business there;
while Bowne & Rickman, Richard Williamson, and Smith
Ramadge, large dealers of goods of every conceivable character,
were in Queen street, in the immediate vicinity.
Proceeding thence down Queen street. King (now Pine) street
was next passed — Little Queen (now Cedar) street at that time
extending down no farther than Smith (now William) street —
and near by, the attractive goldsmith's and jeweller's store of
Charles Oliver Bruff, was sure to arrest the attention.

xxxiv Introduction.
Wall street also was a place of trade in 1767, as well as one
of residences. At that time, among the establishments of other
merchants who were there, might have been seen those of Breese
& Huffman, dealers of dry goods, crockery, etc.; John Allicocke,.
one of the most earnest of the " Sons of Liberty," a dealer in
wines, teas, etc., on the corner of Queen (now Pearl) street;
Edward Agar, a dealer in drugs, near the City Hall (now Cus
tom-house) ; John Thurman, jr., a dealer in dry goods, on the
corner of Smith (now William) street; Joseph Cox, a dealer in
upholstery goods; Samuel Verplanck, a dealer in dry goods; and.
Mr. Coley, a silversmith, near the Coffee-house (Water street).
Below Wall street, proceeding down Hanover square — Queen
street extending only to Wall street — the passer-by in 1767
entered one of the busiest quarters of mercantile New York.
Theophilact Bache, Richard Bancker, and Henry Remsen, jr. &
Co., heavy dealers in dry goods; Elizabeth Colvil, a leading mill
iner and dealer in dry goods; Samuel Broom & Co., extensive
dealers in hardware and cutlery, rum, pork, crockery, etc. ; Abram
Duryee, dealer in dry goods, paints, oils, etc.; Hugh Gaine and
James Rivington, the well-known publishers and booksellers;
Peter Goelet^ — a former partner of Peter T. Curtenius, a mem
ber of the popular " Committee of One Hundred," and grand
father of our respected fellow-citizen, Peter Goelet, Esq., of
Broadway and East Nineteenth street — one of the most exten
sive dealers in hardware, music, brushes, etc., at the sign of
" the Golden Key ;" McLean & Treat, dealers in drugs and medi
cines; Glen & Gregory, dealers in dry goods, nails, wines, etc.;
and Henry Wilmot and James McEvers, the latter the well-
known stamp-master of 1765; dealers in general merchandise,
were among those whose stores were in that vicinity; while " the

Introduction. xxxv
Old Slip Market" with its concentration of business increased
the bustle of the neighborhood.
The Old Slip Market, like the other market-houses of that day,
was only a low wooden shed; although, like them, it was sur
rounded, in 1767, with the business places of the merchants and
retailers of the city. Among the former that of Gerardus
Duyckinck • — •" the Universal Store " — in which nearly everything
found a place, was the most conspicuous; although William Beek
man, at the same time, like many a merchant in the country now
a-days, offered an extensive assortment of cables, hemp, broad
cloths, etc., etc., for cash or country produce.
Below the Old Slip, in 1767, Hanover square was not known,
and our Pearl, street, from thence to Whitehall street, was called
Dock street. It was a street in which were private residences as
well as places of business; and there is no doubt that in conse
quence of its proximity to the two markets in Coenties and Old
slips, to the Exchange at the foot of Broad street, and to the
Fort, that it was one of the busiest in the city. In this street,
near Whitehall, among others, resided the Honorable John Watts,
a member of the Colonial Council, speaker of the General Assem
bly, and, in 1775, the intended successor of Lieutenant Governor
Colden in the government of the colony; and Henry Van Vleck,
also among the most respectable men in the city. Among the
merchants who transacted business in Dock street were Joris
Brinckerhoflf, John Ernest, John Morton, and Clarkson & Sebring,
all dealers in general merchandise; Dirck Brinckerhoflf, who sold
hardware and metals at the sign of "the Golden Lock;" Henry
Cuyler, who dealed largely in sugars; and Anthony Van Dam,
whose trade was principally confined to wines and liquors.

xxxvi Introduction'.
In Pearl street near Coenties slip, in 1767, was " the Pish
Market;" and around that, as a centre, were also clustered many
of the mercantile establishments of that period. Abeel &
Byvanck, at the sign of " the New York made Spade and Sithe " —
a significant sign when the non-importation agreement of 1765
was remembered — sold hardware in that vicinity; and there,
also, were John Abeel, who dealt in anchors; and John and Gar
rett Abeel, who were salters doing a large business. John Ham-
mersley & Co., prominent merchants of that period; Isaac Low,
the President of the Chamber of Commerce and of the popular
" Committee of One Hundred," although, finally, a loyalist ref
ugee; and Benjamin Booth, dealing in general merchandise, were
also among those who did business near the Coenties Market.
Mr. Vanduerson, largely engaged as a tallow-chandler and soap
boiler, as well as a dealer in watches, music, and jewelry, trans
acted his business in " Bayard street, near the Coenties Market ;"
and there, also were the crockery and glass stores of George
Ball ; the school-house of Clementina and Jane Ferguson ; and the
residence of John Livingston, Esq.
The river fronts, also — especially that on the East River —
furnished places of business to many of the merchants and trades
men of that period. On Hunter's quay, between Old slip and
Wall street, were Grey, Cunningham & Co., dealers in dry goods,
boots and shoes, metals, paints, glass, hardware, fish, groceries,
•rum, etc.; on Rotton row — the west side of Old slip, between
Little Dock (now Water) street and Cruger's wharf (Front
street) — were the law-office of John Coggill Knapp, a notorious
pettifogger of that period ; the goldsmith's shops of John Dawson
and Samuel Tingley; and ship-chandlery of Samuel Loudon —
afterward the patriotic printer of "The New York Packet,"

Introduction. xxxvii
whose services during the War of the Revolution are so well
known to every student of American history; and on Cruger's
wharf (Front street between Old and Coenties slips) were the
ship-chandlery of Henry White, and the mercantile establish
ments of John & Thomas Burling, and William Seaton & Co.;
while Abraham Mercier kept a stock of hardware at the sign of
" the Cross-keys and Crown," near the Powle's Hook ferry, at the
foot of Courtlandt street, on the North River.
At the period referred to (1767) the city of New York was the
headquarters of the military establishment in North America;
and General Thomas Gage, the Commander-in-chief of the forces,
resided in a large double house, surrounded with elegant gardens,
on the site now occupied by the stores 67 and 69 Broad street. —
New York City during the American Revolution.

V

Public Papers of George
Clinton

Manuscript Voi^. XV.

MANUSCRIPT VOL. XV.

[No. 4488.]
Robert R. Livmgston, Secretary of Foreign Affairs, to the Govern
ors of the States, as to the persistence of the British Government
in affirming that the people are very much divided and that our
interests suffer seriously from the seeming support given to this
statement in Europe by our not putting forth our strength and
expelling the enemy from the country — vMh an act of Congress
on the same subject.
Office of Foreign Affairs, Philadelphia 2d May 1782.
Sir, The enclosed Resolution of Congress will explain the cause
of this letter — the information it refers to, is an assurance that
Britain had absolutely declined any interference of the mediating
Powers between them, and what they call their rebel Sulbjects.
They persist on every occasion in representmg us a divided Peo
ple, who anxiously wish to return to our connection with England.
In this they have two objects equally important to them : 1st They
encourage England to continue a war, which they expect to see
terminated by our own weariness and langor, and
2dly they put such a face upon their Affairs, as will entitle
them on a negotiation to make demands at our expence, which
they would not presume to think of, if the Mediators were ac
quainted with our firm Resolution never to return to our obedi
ence to their Government. Besides which they cast a degree of
Odium upon the conduct of France representing it as the support
of a discontented faction, rather than as the generous Ally of an
oppressed Nation — There is reason to apprehend that in order the

4 Public Papers of George Clinton.
better to secure the advantages of this deceitful policy to them
selves, they will make proffers to each of the United States, if any
of them should listen to them — (which cannot, however, be pre
sumed) they will urge that as a proof of their assertions — if they
should even decline receiving their proposals and refer them to
Congress, as from the nature of our Union they undoubtedly must
— still as the result of the experiment cannot be known for some
time in Europe, they will avail themselves in some measure of it
if negotiations should open. This Artifice of the Enemy may be
counteracted in two ways, both deserve the serious attention of
your Legislature. -
The first and most important is by making such exertions to
procure a respectable Army early in season, that the Mediators
casting their Eyes upon the Muster Rolls may there read a full
refutation of all that British Artifice can suggest (I need not ob
serve that this measure must go hand in hand with taxation,
since an Army without the means of supporting them wiould only
increase our evils) .
The 2d is to anticipate the attempts of Great Britain by such
Resolntions as the information contained in this letter suggests.
Resolutions which strongly mark a spirited determination in the
Legislature of each State to listen to no negotiations except thro'
the intervention of Congress, which manifest their attachment to
the Independance of their Country, and their inviolable regard to
the faith they have pledged to each other and to their Allies.
These may either prevent the attempt I apprehend, or arrive in
time to counteract the' effect which the false expectations built
thereon might otherwise have in Europe.
I mention this to your Excellency without any express direction
from Congress ; it is more than probable that your judgment and

Public Papers of George Clinton. 5
the zeal and wisdom of the Legislature may improve these loose
hints to the general advantage of the United States. I have the
pleasure of assuring your Excellency and the Legislature, that the
fairest prospects are now ^before us of terminating the war by a
single exertion, tho' I am not at liberty to say that the plan of the
ensuing Campaign is absolutely determined on, yet I have great
reason to believe that we shall receive such powerful military Aid,
as with becoming vigor on our part will free every State in the
union from the grasp of the Enemy — here, Sir, I might pause and
sulfer lay imagination to dwell upon the animating prospect be
fore us. But reasoning from the past to the future, I dare not
indulge the pleasing idea — ^we have at no period been in a situa
tion to second fully the endeavours of our Ally to serve us. We
either neglected to assemble our Army in time, or to provide the
means for supporting or moving them — a feather would have
turned the ballance last year notwithstanding the powerful aid
we received' from abroad. Providence blinded our Adversary — to
their temerity we owe our success. But, Sir, let me ask whether
any State did then, or has even now done all in its power to en
able our Generals to prosecute their Victory? or rather, let me
turn to what is more within my line, by observing that the inferi
ority of our Army in point of numbers to that of our Ally while
they acted at Yorktown has been considered in Europe as a proof
of the assertions of Britain' — has been urged as an argument of
our weakness, our weariness of the war, or our internal divisions.
A moment's refiection will shew the advantages that this affords
our antagonist in a negotiation. How much it weakens the claims
we make, and how many important benefits may be lost forever
by our appearing in Europe to receive our Independance rather
as a gift than to have estalblished it by our exertions. But, Sir,

(i Public Papers of -George Clinton.
it is still in our power to repair those errors; let us avail our
selves of this favorable moment for expelling the Enemy and re
covering our diminished Credit among the nations of the Earth.
I make no apology for the liberty I take. Your Excellency, I am
persuaded, is too sensible of the truth of these observations, to
think they could be delivered with less earnestness by one who
feels their importance, and I am confident you will bring them be
fore the Legislature of your State in such manner as will best
serve to ensure them their attention.
I have the honor to be with the greatest Respect and Esteem
Your Excellency's most obedt. humble Servant, Robt. R. Livingston.
His Excellency Governor Clinton.

By the United States in Congress Assembled
May 1st 1782.
On the report of a Committee to whom wa* referred a communication of the
Secretary for Foreign Affairs
Resolved That the Secretary for Foreign Affairs be, and he is hereby directed to make
a confidential communication to the several States of the intelligence received
by Congress on the 29th day of April last through his department. In order that
the States may be more fully impressed with the necessity of such united and
determined exertions, as with the co-operation of our generous Ally, will expel
the Enemy from their remaining posts within the United States, and display to
the world the falsehood of the assertions of the British Court, that the People
of these States, are neither united, nor determined in support of their national
Independence Extract from the Minutes. Chas. Thomson, Secy.

,[No. 4569.]
Governor Clinton to John Morin Scott — The Vermont Ques
tion — Financial and Army Matters — Capture of Sir James
Jay — General Gansevoort's Claim for Higher Rank.
Poughkeepsie, June 6th, 1782.
Dr. Sir, My last Letter to you & Colo. Floyd of the 15th April,
honored by Mr. Roosevelt, contained every Information I was
able to collect on the diff't Subjects which had engaged the

Public Papers of George Clinton. 7 ,
Attention of the Legislature at their late Meeting and which
had not been before communicated; since which I have been
favored with your several Letters of the 23d April & 21st, 27th
& 28th May. The former I deferred answering in expectation of
being able to inform you of the Effect which the Measures of the
State might have produced on the Minds of the revolted Subjects
on the Grants and no other conveyance, except the Post, which
I do not willingly make use of, has offered since the receipt of
the latter.
Soon after the rising of the Legislature I had the two Laws
respect'g the Grants printed in Hand Bills & took Measures for
having them diffusively distributed among the Inhabitants in
that Quarter. But I have not yet nor indeed, considering the
Distance, could I expect to be informed of the effect they may
have produced. It would appear as I mentioned in my last that
a majority of the Inhabitants in -Cumberland County, previous '
to any knowledge of these Laws, were determined to adhere to
their allegiance to this State and had accordingly in a Conven
tion of the Committees of several of their Towns, resolved to pay
no obedience to the usurped authority of the Revolters and had
applied to me for Commissions, civil & Military, under the State ;
which I at first declined granting, but on a second application,
made within a few Days past, & since the Laws were promul
gated among them, I convened the Council of Appointm't, who
have tho't proper to advise the Appointing of Justices of the
Peace & militia Officers. Mr. Phelps who is their agent on this
Occasion, assures me that the Measures taken by the Legislature
will have the desired effect on the East side of the Mountains,
and if it was not for the encouragem't, which the disaffected de
rive from the late Report of the Committee of Congress, which

8 Public Papers of George Clinton.
as you justly concluded, is dispersed among the People for the
Purpose of reviving their declining Spirits & counteracting the
Measures of the State, it is highly probable that every Opposition
would have ceased & the deluded People returned to their Duty.
I had every reason when I wrote you last, to believe that Mr.
Benson would have relieved Colo. Floyd by the time appointed;
this Opinion, however, was founded on an Agreem't between
Messrs. Duane & L'Hommedieu at which it seems Mr. Benson
was not present & to which he could not in Justice to the young
Gentlemen in his Office & without very material Injury to him
self in other Respects accede. It is, therefore, now determined
that Mr. Duane shall supply Colo. Floyd's Place & I have his
positive Promise, & which from his usual punctuality I flatter
myself may be relied on, that he will set out for Phila. on the
fourteenth Instant. I despair of the Attendance of a super
numerary Member, as you for good Reasons wish, not only be
cause no immediate provisions is made for his support, but
because the same reasons which prevented Mr. Benson's attend
ance in the first Instance will continue & Mr. I'Hommedieu who
was in Congress all last Summer was obliged to attend the Legis
lature all Winter &, therefore, has not the most distant expecta
tion of being so suddenly called from Home again. I was in
hopes from the Conversation I had with Judge Smith that he
would have advanced the whole of the Money due to you from
the State Agent, as I had positively assured him of repaym't on
the moment of his return home. But as I find this is not the
Case, you may rely on its being transmitted you by the first safe
conveyance even though I should make an advance for the Pur
pose, how ever inconvenient, from my own small private stock.

Public Papers of George Clinton. 9
The Legislature had sanguine expectations that Congress, on
being informed of the effectual Measures taken to compleat our
Line in the Army, would have amended their Resolutions respect
ing the Corps raised on bounties of unappropriated Lands by re
peating the Conditionary Clause; and it is to be regretted that
this is not the Case, a^ altho' Detachments are already made
from the Levies for compleat'g our Battalions, yet it will be a
considerable time before they can join at Pompton, & I can be
furnished with regular Returns to enable you to convince Con
gress that, they are compleat, and in the meantime these Levies
raised on Land Bounty about 100 of whom were recruited &
mustered ever since last Summer, and are since considerably en-
creased must, as they are unarmed & no provision is made for
their Cloth'g & Subsistence, remain utterly useless at a time
when their services are so much wanted, and I should not be
surprized as the Terms of their enlistment is not complied with
on our Part, to hear of their having disbanded themselves. To
me it appears very extraordinary that Congress should hesitate
on the Subject, when their Army is so very deficient in point of
numbers, at a time when other States manifest so little dispo
sition to complete their Quotas, and especially when it is con
sidered that these are offered as an extraordinary Aid & not with
a view to make up any Deficiency in our Line, which previous to
the present Detachments for completing it, was as to numbers
more respectable than any other in the Army. No arguments
against us can be drawn from their Services being confined to the
State by the Terms of their enlistment, as the Posts of the United
States within this State, will always require at least as many
Troops as these Corps will amount to, to garrison them, and.

10 Public Papers of George Clinton.
therefore, the State can derive no peculiar advantage from that
Circumstance. The plan you propose for Compleat'g our Regts. with per
manent Troops, wou'd undoubtedly be attended with all the ad
vantages you mention; but from some hints which fell from
Messrs. Root & Montgomery while they were with me, I have
Reason to believe that they would be opposed to any State's
receiving partial Advantages. They stated the Case to me of
Enlistments of Foreigners, as for my Opinion on the propriety
of the Measure should such an opening aflford. I declined giving
an explicit Answer & treated the subject as a Matter of which
I had no previous knowledge. I do not conceive any difficulty
in procuring the moderate Bounty you mention, and I believe it
would be acceptable to the State to have at least their proportion
of these Men, if it should be determined expedient to accept of
their Services.
I was much surprised to find the Financier's circular Letter &
the Representation of the State published in Rivington's Gazette.
It is conclusive Evidence of Treason in some Person who has re
course to our public Papers; and I think no means should be left
unessayed to discover him. I have the consolation from a variety
of Circumstances, too tedious to detail, almost amounting to con
clusive Evidence, that these Papers, especially the Representation
of the State, could not have been procured from any Person in this
State. A Copy of the Financier's Letter was laid before the Leg
islature & other copies might have been taken by the Members.
But the Copy published by Rivington is dated the 15th & that
which I received from the Financier is dated the 19th of the
Month. I observe that this letter is republished in Freeman's
Journal with a Preface calculated to defeat any evil Use which

Public Papers of George Clinton. 11
might be made of it by the Disaflfected; from which I concluded it
was a trae copy as to Date & every other respect of the original
Draft in the Office of Finance — this I will be much obliged to you
to have ascertained.
Sir James Jay's Capture at Second River was attended with
some Circumstances of Suspicion but knowing the man I rather
charitably imputed them to his Folly than any worse Cause. His
going to Europe on Parole & his Correspondence on that Subject
with Sir Guy Carlton, Copies of which I am informed he trans
mitted to Chief Justice McKean, I confess renders his Integrity
very Suspicious — 'tis, however, a Matter of no great Importance.
You know the man. He is no great losis to us & the Enemy will
gain as little by him if he should be disposed to serve them.
Messrs. Root & Montgomery on their way to the Eastward
passed an Evening with me. I endeavored to explain to them as
fully as I was able, our reduced & distressed Circumstances & the
impracticability of our complying with the Requisitions of Con
gress on the subject of Finance. We had much Conversation on
this and other Matters relative to the Affairs of this State in
which I thought it my Duty to express myself with some Degree
of freedom. However, before we parted, I agreed to issue my
Proclamation for convening the Legislature on the first Wednes
day in July, warning them at the same time of the uncertainty of
getting the Members together at the Eve of Harvest & at a time
when our Frontiers would be most subject to the Incursions of the
Enemyj and of course the Members residing in those Parts would,
if at all, attend with great Reluctance. * * *
I have nothing that can be new to you, worth communicating —
the Northern & Western Frontiers have suffered no capital Injury

12 Public Papers of George Clinton.
this Season & to the southward we appear to be in a State of per
fect Tranquilitv. I am &c &c &c G. 0.
Genl. Ganssvoort called upon me a few days ago on his Way
to Congress. He claims Rank in the Army in Consequence of his
Appointment as Commandant of Fort Schuyler, which he con
ceives could not be affected by his Derangement as Colo, of a Regt.
on the last Reform of the Army. His present Business is to pro
cure a pointed Determination on this Subject & he requested of
me to mention it to you & ask your Assistance in facilitating his
Application, which I am confident you will readily grant him, as
far as you shall conceive his Claim consistent with Justice.
The houble. Jno. Morin Scott, Esqr.

MANUSCRIPT VOL. XVI,

[No. 4626.]
James Duane to Governor Clinton — In Regard to French Ex
change and Private Financial Accotmts.
Philadelphia, July 1st, 1782.
Private Dear Sir, I lost no time after my arrival to enquire the Ex
change of French bills. I find the French Agents sell at 6/6 pr.
Dollar and the Sale is dull. I shall, therefore, agreeably to
your Excellency's directions return those Bills which you en
trusted to my Care by the first safe Opportunity.
We have no late Intelegence from any part of the World. It
is observable by the last arrivals that the Dutch were on the
point of acknowledging our Independance. Six of the provinces
have Instructed their Deputies to that end. Guilderland where
the Prince Stadtholder has his Estates and chief Infiuences, alone
had not acceeded. The People in every Quarter cry out aloud
to their Rulers to secure for them -in Time the Friendship and
a share of the Commerce of America, and their Importunity
seems to be too great to be resisted. It is, therefore, an Article
of my political Creed that we shall soon enter into an alliance
with the Dutch. The new British ministry are exerting every
nerve to draw that nation into a separate Peace, and the Rus
sian Ambassador has interposed his mediation with a Zeal which
is not very pleasing : but it appears to me that if even the Dutch
had an Inclination, they have proceeded too far to retract. The

14 Public Papers of George Clinton.
papers enclos'd will lead your Excellency to better Reflections
on this subject than I can suggest.
General Scott seems determined to attend the Legislature and
I fear nothing I can offer will keep him here. Mt. I'Hommedieu
will, therefore, be called upon to take his tour unless it should
be more convenient to Col. Floyd. I must trouble your Excel
lency to enforce on the Legislature the Justice of returning me
the money I advanced for my support in Congress, especially as
I borrowed a part of it, for which I am pressed. I am in advance
about £800. If I could get half that Sum, it would make me for
the present easy with my Friend who has assisted me, and enable
me to purchase some necessities with which my Family cannot
dispense. I have an Account unsettled, but I only speak now of
what is adjusted and actually passed to my Credit at the
Treasury. Believe me, it is with pain that I mention this sub
ject : but my past forbearance has reduced me to dificulties from
which 1 ought to be relieved.
Be pleased to make my Compliments acceptable to Mrs. Clin
ton: and believe me to be, with the utmost Regard, Dear Sir,
Your Excellency's Affectionate & most Obedient Servant Jas. Duane.

[No. 4657.]
James Duane to Governor Clinton — Interception of Letters by
the British. Philad, 16th July, 1782.
Private Dear Sir, I am much obliged to your Excellency for your favour
of the 11th by/Mr. LeRoy and particularly for the Attention you
pay to what regards me personally. I shall suffer great Embar-

Public Papers of George Clinton. 15
resments if no provisions shoud be made for my Reimbursement
and I shoud be continud on the List of ordinary Creditors of the
State. The Bills on France I shal retain til I have your further orders
how to dispose of them ; unless I shoud meet with an opportunity
to negotiate them at the limited Exchange.
I shall not neglect to apply for the naval Commissions & trans
mit them. Mr. LeRoy's unexpected departure puts it out of my
power to consign them to his Care.
General Scott retains his Resolution to visit his Family and
I shall be in pain to see the state so soon again unrepresented.
I, therefore, hope one of my Colleagues will come forward with
out loss of time.
I wrote largely to your Excellency by last post but the Letter
was intercepted. If Sir Guy does not publish it, he will have
more politeness than his Predecessors. I am in no pain for the
Contents. The most * * » subject was the Light in which
the Declarations of Several Legislatures on the Charge of the
British ministry and their fixed purpose to adhere * * * to
our federal Union and National Treaties, was considered here;
and an enumeration of solne of the good Consequences which
may be expected from this seasonable and Judicial measures.
They will undoubtedly occur to your Excellency and need not
be enlarged upon. A long letter to General Schuyler giving an
Account of my wants and some strictures on publick affairs was
intercepted at the same time. Nothing can be achieved from I't
that will give the Enemy Information or pleasure: Unless they
can be gratified at the pecuniary misfortunes of an Individual.
We have no news from Europe or the West Indies; nor any
• • MSS illegible.

16 Public Papers of George Clinton.
domestic Incident worth relating. The late papers are, however,
enclosed. With every sentiment of the most respectful attachment I beg
you will believe me to be. Dear Sir, Your Excellency's affect. &
most obedt Servt Jas. Duane.
His Excellancy Governor Clinton.

[No. 4682.]
Governor Clinton to John Morin Scott — The Legislature Adopts
Resolutions Calling for Amendments To Give the Confederation
Greater Energy — The British Hold On To and Fortify Oswego.
July 29th, 1782.
Dr Sir, It is long since I have had the honor of receiving your
Letter of the 19th Inst, but having no controul over the Delegates
it was not in my Power to give you any satisfactory Answer on
the Subject, untiljie Meeting of the Legislature who, at the time
were called to meet on the 3d, they did not, however, form a Quo
rum until the 10th. This I hope will be accepted as a suflf't.
apology for my Delay. I have now the Pleasure to inform you
that Mr. L'hommedieu is to relieve you. He attended the Legis
lature & it was necessary for him firsit, to return home & prepare
for the Journey ; but as he promised that his stay at home should
not exceed ten Days, I have reason to expect him here every Mo
ment on his Way for Phila. and I hope it may not be inconvenient
for you to continue there, until his arrival, as it might be pecu
liarly injurious to the State at this Time to be unrepresented in
Congress. The Legislature formed a Quorum on the 10th & continued sit
ting until the 25th Inst. The Business imparted to them by the

Public Papers of George Clinton. 17
Committee of Congress had the greatest share of theif Attention
& produced a Law for levying a Tax of £18,000 for the public Exi
gencies to be collected immediately an Act to compel the collection
of " Arrearages of Taxes " another " to prevent illicit Trade with
the Enemy ;" and also concurrent Resolutions ascribing our Em
barrassments in the Prosecution of the War to defects in the Gov
ernment of the United States & recommendg a Conference of the
diflf't States in a Convention to toe recommended by Congress for
the purpose of amend'g the Confederation & giving greater Energy
to thoi Govt, of the Empire — a Copy of which I shall by this Con
veyance transmit to the President.* 'Several other Laws were
enacted during the meet'g, the Titles are enclosed, and will give
you a genl. Idea of their import. A new Council of Appointment
& Delegates for the ensuing Year were also appointed. The former
are Messrs. Jona. Lawrence, Wm. B. Whiting, John Haring, & Mr.
[Elkanah] Day. The present, except Mr. [Alexander] Hamilton,
in stead of Mr. [Egbert] Benson compose the latter.
The diflf't. parts of our Frontiers, except Tryon County have
hitherto been preserved ag't. the incursions of the Enemy, but
since their having taken Post at Oswego, where I presume you
have heard they have collected the greater Part of their Northern
Force & are fortifying, that Country has been frequently visited
by Parties too large to be resisted by the force we have in it &
scarce a Day passes without experiencing their Ravages of the
most cruel & distressing Nature ; so that it is more than probable
that County will be totally desolated before the Fall, notwith-
standg any Efforts the State may be able to make to save it. I
have the honor to be &c.
G. 0.
The honble. Jno. Morin Scott Esqr.
•See page 27.

18 Public Papers of George Clinton.
[No. 4683.]
Robert Morris' Circular Letter Regarding the Policy of the States
TowaM Paying Their Troops.
Office of Finance, 29th July 1782.
(Circular) Sir, Finding that several States are still in the Habit of mak
ing partial Payments to their Troops as well as of expending
Moneys for the purchase of Cloathing, it becomes my Duty to in
form you that the Requisitions for the Service of the Current
Year included both the Pay and Cloathing of the continental
Army. Any Payments which the several States may think proper
to make or any Expenditures for Cloathing or the like cannot be
admitted in Deduction from the Quota assigned them. It be
comes necessary from many Reasons which I will not trouble
your Excellency with the Enumeration of, that Nothing be re
ceived from the States but Money. This alone can prevent those
intricate Accounts which hitherto have involved every Thing in a
labyrinth of Confusion. Had the States complied with the Requi
sitions made on them for the current Service in any Degree pro
portionate either to the Magnitude or Urgency of the Occasion,
we should eer tJiis have had the pleasure of knowing that our
Army enjoyed all the Emoluments they have a Right to ask for.
I talie the Liberty to add that it would be proper to cause Ac
counts to be transmitted to the Paymaster General as speedily as
possible of what has been advanced for Pay, that he may at least
prevent a double Criedit for the same Sums. With Respect to the
Pay which may have become due anteriorly to the first Day of Jan
uary 1782, it will become a part of that Debt from the United
States, for the Ending of which Revenues will be required from
the several States so soon as Congress shall have digested their

Public Papers of George Clinton. 19
Resolution on that Subject. I have on many Occasions delivered
the Sentiments contained above to several of the States as Cir
cumstances called or Occasion required, but it appears necessary
to make the formal Communication to all, and, therefore, I must
pray your Excellency to excuse any Repetitions which may have
happened. Before I close this Letter I must observe. Sir, that of four
Millions payable according to the Requisitions of Congress by the
first Instant, I did not receive forty thousand Dollars. Judge
then of the anticipations which were necessary to bring us where
we are. Judge of the Situation in which we are placed, and be
not surprized at any Consequences which may follow, from that
universal Neglect which is alike unaccountable and inexcusable.
I have the Honor to be with very great Respect Sir, Your Excel
lency's most obedient & humble Servant Robt. Morris.
His Excellency The Governor of the State of New York.

[No. 4685.]
Robert Morris Protests to the Governors of the States Against the
Collection of State & United States Taxes, Based on a Letter
Pointing Out the Objections to it.
(Circular) Office of Finance, 30th July 1782.
Sir, I do myself the Honor to enclose the extract of a Letter
received from a confidential Correspondent in one of the United
States. The Evil there mentioned, is of so dangerous, a Nature
that should it prevail in any Degree the Consequences may be
fatal. I know that the selfish spirit there complained of, is but
too prevalent, and it is very long since I bore my Testimony

20 Public Papers of George Clinton.
against it, from a just apprehension that the safety of our Coun
try might be thereby endangered. If it is of Consequence that
a War which has cost already so much Blood and Treasure be
safely and honorably concluded, it must be vigorously prose
cuted. If it is to be vigorously prosecuted, the means must be
granted. If the means are to be granted, the several States must
contribute speedly and effectually. If one have a Right to pre
fer local to general Interests, others have the same Right. If one
exercise that Privilege, so may all, and if all do, there is an End
to our Efforts. Congress had foreseen the Danger and called on
the States to provide for collecting the Continental separate from
the State Taxes. Since this has not been done, perhaps the
Reasons of the Refusal may Account for the Facts stated in the
Extract. I must Pray of your Excellency to provide such Rem
edy, to any thing of this sort which may exist in your State as
shall be within your Power, and that you will urge the Legis
lature to make that solid provision which can alone prevent it
in future.
I have the Honor to be. Sir, Y'our Excellency's most Obedient
& humble Servt. Robt. Morris.
His Excellcy The Governor State of New York.

The Assembly when they granted a Tax for continental Purposes direct the
Collection through the same Channels in which State Taxes are collected. This
In most Instances makes the same Person Collector both of the State and Conti
nental Tax and the Executions to Inforce both the one and the other issue from
the same Person, Vizt. the Treasurer of the State. The Consequence is that a
preference will be given to Taxes for State Purposes, and if no urgent Necessity
requires issuing Executions for State Taxes, there will be danger of delaying Execu
tion for Continental Taxes and the more popular the Government is, the greater
will their danger be increased, and whenever the same Person is in Arrear on
different Taxes, he will apply all his Collections to that which will give him the
longest Time to collect in.
I should not have troubled you on this Subject, but I see the Collectors In this
State of the Continental Taxes are in general in Arrear on every State Tax
granted since 1776, and to my full satisfaction are applying the Monies collected
on the Continental Taxes to paying the Arrears of their old State Tax, by which
Means you will be postpon'd to all the State Dues and be defeated of your just
Expectations unless some Remedy is immed'ately applied. »

Public Papers of George Clinton. 21
[No. 4688.]
J"
Governor Clinton Writes to Robert Morris on the Subject of State
Taxes and the Market for Wheat and Flour.
Pokeepsie, 2d Augt. 1782.
Dear Sir, I was favored with your Letter of the 11th June a
few Days before the late Meeting of the Legislature. While
they were together I had not a Moment's Leisure to acknowledge
the Receipt of it & I have since been prevented by a visit I made
immediately on their rising to the Frontiers of Ulster County.
I enclose you a copy of the Titles of the Laws of the Session by
which you will perceive that some Efforts are made to aid the
public Treasury. The Tax to be levied is payable in Cash only
& to be collected immediately.
I have ever been fully sensible of the Weight of the Objections
ag't a Tax in specified Articles. It was not, however, an easy
Task to convince the bulk of the People of the Impropriety of the
Measure. Congress first introduced it by substituting Supplies
for the Army in Specific Articles to be furnished by the different
States instead of so much cash. This was held out as a matter
of Ease & convenience to the People & they were led to conclude
it be so from the Opinion they entertained of the Wisdom of that
respectable Body without giving themselves the Trouble of think
ing on the Subject & determining for themselves. When specific
Supplies was abolished & Cash demanded in Lieu of them the
People murmured & complained of their want of Money. This
introduced the receiving of Wheat at a certain Price pr. Bushel
in Payment of Taxes & tho an expensive & bad expedient, it was
perhaps the only one that could then have been adopted without
increasing the Discontent which was too generally prevalent.

22 Public Papers of George Clinton.
It was the most natural & easy Transition & the State well knew
that Wheat could easily be converted into money, & in the Mean
Time it was believed that the People being gratified would begin
to reflect & abandon so Troublesome & unprofitable a system, &
this I am persuaded is already pretty generally the Case, so that
I expect in future it will have but. few Advocates.
Congress in fixing the Quotas of the different states I am sensi
ble must be embarrassed by the extraordinary Merit each State
ascribes to itself from its Exertions, but of these they are the
proper Judges, and if there be any who have exhausted their
Resources from extraordinary Zeal, Sense of immediate Danger
or whatever else may have been the motive, the public Burthens
ought now to be apportioned accordingly, for it is idle to ask
more of any State than it is able to contribute as, whenever this
is the Case, & I am certain it was in the last Quota demanded
of us, instead of promoting, it is most likely to discourage & pre
vent all kind of Exertion.
You are certainly much deceived when you suppose we could
have no other Mart for our Wheat than the Contractor. The
current Price of Flour was sixteen shillings per lb. when the
Contractor commenced purchasing — it continued so until lately
& they might have had all that belonged to the State at that
moderate Price. About two months ago it began to rise &
though there was a Prospect of its still rising higher, as it actually
did, being now from 18s to 20s for common Flour, yet the State
Agent had Orders & did sell his to the Contractors at the then
current Price.* I sincerely wish the people would be persuaded
* Our great Mlssfortune is, that our Country is so much wasted & destroyed by
the Inroads of the Enemy that we have comparatively but little to spare beyond
what Is sufficient to Barter for Salt and other Articles and * * necessary.

Public Papers of George Clinton. 23
to forego the use of Luxuries & even of Articles which habit has
in some measure made the Necessaries of Life & apply the monies
they expend in that way to the support of the War, but I fear it
will require more than human Rhetoric to persuade them — the
force of Example is very strong & if it could be began at the Seat
of the American Gov't. I should have hopes of its prevailing.
In a Line which I reed, by Mr. Wm. Paulding, you mention a
Desire of being inform'd of the objections of the Council of Re
vision ag't the Bill for suspend'g suits ag't public Officers. I
now enclose you a Copy of them. There was another Objection
which you will allow had Weight (tho' it could not be included
with those of the Council) vizt. that of their being exempted
from Suits only until September, after which you will readily
agree they would have rushed in upon them like a Torrent & this
Temporary Exemption proved their Rescue.
I am &c &c G. Clinton
Govr. Morris, Esqr.

[No. 4690.]
Alexander Hamilton Begins to Gather Information for the Great
Work That Lies Before Him.
Albany, Aug 3d, 1782.
Sir, I have lately received a letter from the Superintendent
of Finance inclosing a copy of a circular letter from him to the
several States dated the 25th of July '81; in which he requests
information upon the following important points.
" What supplies of every kind, money, provisions transporta
tion &c. have been furnished by this State to the United States,
since the 18th of March 1780."

24 Public Papers of George Clinton.
" The amount of the money in the treasury, the sums expected
to be there, the times they will probably be brought in, the
appropriations." " The amount of the different paper currencies in the State —
the probable increase or decrease of each and the respective rates
of depreciation."
" The acts passed since the 18th of March 1780, for raising
taxes, furnishing supplies &c, the manner they have been exe
cuted, the time necessary for them to operate, the consequences
of their operation, the policy of the State relative to laying,
assessing, levying and collecting taxes."
In his letter which is circular to the Receivers he says the
answers he has had to these inquiries are few and short of the
object, and he therefore urges me to take the " most speedy and
effectual measures in my power to enable him to form a proper
judgment on such of the Subjects referred to, as the actual State
of things renders it important to know."
In compliance with this I request the favour of Your Excel
lency to inform me what steps have been taken on the several
heads of which the above is an abstract and what progress has
been made in the business, particularly with respect to the first
article. I shall also be much obliged to you to direct Mr. Holt
to furnish me without delay with copies of the acts mentioned
in the inclosed list.
Your Excellency must have been too sensible of the necessity
of enabling the Superintendent to form a just judgment of the
true state of our affairs to have omitted any measure in your
power to procure the fullest information on the several matters
submitted to you, and I am persuaded the business is in such a
train that little will be left for me to do.

Public Papers of George Clinton.

25

I intreat you will do me the honor to let me hear from you as
soon as possible on the subject.
I am with perfect respect. Your Excellency's Most Obedient
Servant A. Hamilton.
P. S. It would promote the public business if you would be so
good as to direct Mr. Banker to supply me with such information
a« I might call upon him for. He is very obliging, but without
some authority for the purpose, there is a delicacy in calling
upon him.
His Excellency Governor Clinton.

Third Session.
Third Meeting.

Fourth
Session Fourth
Meeting

Lists of the Acts of this State wanted for the use of the Superintendent of
Finance. When passed. Approving the act of Congress of the 18th of March 1780 relative
to the finances of the United States and for redeeming this States
proportion of the bills of Credit to be emitted.
To provide the troops of this State in the service of the United
States with cloathing and other necessaries.
Authorising the Governor to grant warrants of impress.
To procure supplies for the army, prevent a monopoly of cattle and
prevent their being carried to the enemy.
In raising levies to reinforce the army of the United States.
Approving of the act of Congress of the 18th of March 1780 relative
to the finances &c.
To provide pasturage for the use of the army.
To complete the Continental battalions raised under the direction of
.this State.
More effectually to draw forth the quota of supplies allotted to this
State, to procure further supplies and to repeal the laws prohibitin<7
the exportation &c &c &c
To continue the act authorising the governor to grant warrants of
impress. To liquidate and settle the accounts of the troops of this state.
To revive and further continue and amend the several laws relative
to the impresses of teams forage timber and fuel for the use of the
army. To expedite the payment of taxes.
To procure a sum in specie for redeeming one sixth of the bills
emitted on the credit of this State, pursuant to the act of Congress of
the 18th of March 1780 for discharging the interest of such bills.
To complete the quota of the troops of this State &c to serve during
the war.
Authorising certain persons to make contracts on behalf of this
State with respect to provisions to be procured within the same for
public uses.
For raising a sum equal to 150,000 dollars in specie.

26

Public Papers op George Clinton.

Fourth
SessionSecondMeeting

An act to amend an act to complete the quota of the troops of this
State to serve in the army during the war.
For the better establishing the rate of Exchange between the bills
emitted upon the credit of this State &c.
For the appointment of Commissioners to procure money on loan
and cloathing.
More effectually to collect the deficiencies in the assessments of
wheat and to lay an embargo on the exportation of flour meal and
wheat. -' ;
To lay a duty of excise on strong liquors appropriating the money.

To explain an act more effectually to collect the deficiencies in
assessments of wheat &c &c.
Authorising Congress to levy a duty on foreign merchandize
Imported. For the further direction of the purchasing agent.
To authorise the governor to grant warrants of impress.
To suspend certain parts of an act for raising 150,000 dollars in
specie and of an act approving of an act of Congress &c.
For procuring a quantity of wheat by an equal tax in kind.
For emitting money on the credit of this State.
For obtaining a supply of flour for the army.
For raising a tax in specie and in paper currency.
To repeal the laws that make several emissions of bills of credit a
legal tender.
Further to suspend the act for raising a sum equal to 150,000
.dollars. Further to suspend the act for raising a sum equal to 150,000
dollars. Declaring the rates at which French crowns and guineas shall be
received.
. For levying a tax.
' For raising troops to complete the line of this State in the Service
of the United States &c &c.
For raising the sum of Eighteen thousand pounds, and the further
sum of £18000 by tax &c &c
For the further direction of the State Agent with respect to forage
and the collection of specific supplies.
Also the tax bills passed at the last meeting of the Legislature and that for pro
curing forage.

ThirdMeeting

Fifth Session, Ist-
Meeting.

Second
Meeting

[No. 4691.]
Governor Clinton Forwards to President Weare of New Hamp
shire a Copy of New York's Resolutions to Strengthen the
Articles of Confederation. Poughkeepsie, 4th Augt. 1782.
Sir, I have had the Honor of receiving your Excellency's Letter
of the 2d July last, with the resolve of,your Assembly enclosed.
The Legislature of this State were sitting at the time but it was
near the close of their Session & in the midst of Harvest, and
the anxiety of the members to return home so great, as to pre-

Public Papers of George Clinton. 27
vent their entering upon any Business but that which resulted
from the Communications made to them by the Committee of
Congress at whose special Instance they were convened. The
papers were, however, referred to Committees of both Houses
and I have confidence will at their next meeting command the
earliest attention & from the prevailing Disposition to cultivate
Harmony & Friendship with our Sister Stetes, that such Measures
will be adopted for effecting an amicable settlement of the Con
troversy with respect to Boundary between the two States as
shall appear consistent with Justice & the Duty we owe to our
Constituents whose Happiness it is our first wish to consult;
I shall embrace the earliest Opportunity of communicating the
Result to your Excellency.
On taking into consideration the State of the Nation, the Senate
and Assembly of this State came into several Resolutions, on
that subject, a Copy of which at their Request I have the Honor
to enclose your Excellency, and am with the highest Respect &
Esteem Your Excellencys most Obedt. Servt. G. Clinton
His Excellcy, Meshech Weare, Esqr., Presdt. of the State of New
Hampshire.
•The Senate again resolved Itself into a Committee of the Whole, to take into
Consideration the State of the Nation ; and after some considerable time spent
therein, the President resumed the CKalr, and Mr. Ten Broeck from the said Com
mittee, delivered in a Report; which he read in his place, and delivered in at the
table, where it was again read, considered by Paragraphs, and agreed to. Where
upon the Senate came into the following Resolutions, viz :
Resolved, That it appears to this Legislaturej after full and soKmn Consideration
of the several Matters communicated by the Honorable the Committee of Congress,
relative to the present Posture of our Affairs, foreign and domestic, and contained in
a Letter from the Secretary for Foreign Affairs respecting the Former, as well as of
the Representations from Time to Time made by the Superintendent of the Finances
of the United States, relative to his particular Department — that the Situation of
these States is in a peculiar Manner critical, and affords the strongest Reason to
apprehend from a Continuance of the present Constitution of the Continental Gov
ernment a Subversion of public Credit and Consequences highly dangerous to the
Safety and Independence of these States ;
Resolved, That while this Legislature are convinced by the before mentioned
•See page 17.

28 Public Papers of George Clinton.
Communications, that notwithstanding the generous Intentions of an Ally from whom
we have experienced, and doubtless shall still experiencei all possible Support;
Exigencies may arise to prevent our receiving pecuniary Succours hereafter, in any
Degree proportioned to our Necessities. They are also convinced from Facts within
their own Knowledge, that the Provisions made by the respective States for carrying
on the War, are not only inadequate to the End, but must continue to be so, while
there is an Adherence tb the Principles which now direct the Operation of public
Measures ;
Resolved, That it is also the Opinion of this Legislature, that [while] the
present Plan instituted by Congress for the Administration of their Finances, is
founded in Wisdom and sound Policy, that the salutary Effects of it, have already
been felt in an extensive Degree ; and that after so many violent Shocks sustained
by the public Credit, a Failure in this System, for Want of the Support which the
States are able to give, would be productive of Evils too pernicious to be hazarded ;
Resolved, That it appears to this Legislature, that the present British Ministry,
with a Disposition not less hostile than that of their Predecessors, taught by Experi
ence to avoid their Errors, and assuming the Appearance of Moderation, are pursu
ing a Scheme calculated to conciliate in Europe, and seduce in America — That the
oecomical Arrangements they appear to be adopting, are adopted to enlarging the
Credit of their Government, and multiplying its Resources, at the same Time that
they serve to confirm the Prepossessions and Confidence of the People ; and that the
Plan of a defensive War on this Continent, while they direct all their Attention and
Resources to the Augmentation of their Navy, is that which may be productive of
Consequences ultimately dangerous to the United States;
Resolved, That it is the Opinion of this Legislature, that the present System of
these States, exposes the common Cause to a precarious Issue, and leaves us at the
Mercy of Events over which we have no Influence ; a Conduct extremely unwise in
any Nation, and at all Times, and to a Change of which we are impelled at this
Juncture, by Reasons of peculiar and irreslstabie Weight ; and that It is the
natural Tendency of the Weakness and Disorders in our national Measures, to spread
Diffidence and Distrust among the People, and prepare their Minds to receive the
Impressions the Enemy wish to make ;
Resolved, That the general State of European Affairs, as far as they have come
to the Knowledge of this Legislature, affords in their Opinion, reasonable Ground of
Confidence, and assures us, that with judicious, vigorous Exertion on our Part, we
may rely on the final Attainment of our Object ; but far from Justifying Indifference
and Security, calls upon us by every Motive of Honor, good Faith and Patriotism,
without Delay, to unite in some System more effectual for Producing, Energy,
Harmony and Consistency of Measures, than that which now exists, and more
capable of putting the common Cause out of the Reach of Contingencies ;
Resolved, That In the Opinion of this Legislature, the radical Source of most of
our Embarrassments, is the Want of sufficient Power in Congress, to effectuate that
ready and perfect Co-operation of the different States, on which their immediate
Safety and future Happiness depend, that Experience has demonstrated the Con
federation to be defective in several essential Points, particularly in not vesting the
foederal Government either with a Power of providing Revenue for itself, or with
ascertained and productive Funds, secured by a Sactlon so solemn and general, as
would inspire the fullest Confidence in them, and make them a substantial Basis of
Credit ; that these Defects ought to be without Loss of Time repaired, the Powers of
Congress extended, a solid Security established for the Payment of Debts already
Inured, and competent Means provided for future Credit, and for supplying the
current Demands of the War ;
Resolved, That it appears evidently to this Legislature, that the annual Income
of these States, admitting the best Means were adopted for drawing out their
Resources, would fall far short of the annual Expenditure ; and that there would be
a large Deficiency to be supplied on the Credit of these States, which, if it should be
inconvenient for those Powers to afford, on whose Friendship we justly rely, must
be sought for from Individuals, to engage whom to lend, satisfactory Securities
must be pledged for the punctual Payment of Interest, and the final Redemption of
-the Principal ;
Resolved, That it appears to this Legislature, that the foregoing important Ends,
•can never be attained by partial Deliberations of the States, separately, but that
it Is essential to the Common Welfare, that there sljould be as soon as possible a

Public Papers of George Clinton. 29
Conference of the Whole on the Subject; and that it would be advisable for this
Purpose, to propose to Congress to recommend, and to each State to adopt, the
Measure of assembling a General Convention of the States, specially authorised to
revise and amend the Confederation, reserving a Right to the respective Legisla
tures,- to ratify their Determinations.
Ordered, That Mr. Paine carry a Copy of the aforegoing Resolutions to the Honor
able the House of Assembly, and request their Concurrence thereto.
Concurred in July 21, without amendment by Assembly.

[No. 4703.]
Governor Clinton Explains to Alexander Hamilton the Obstacles
in the Way of Supplying Him With All the Facts He Desires.
Poughkeepsie, Augt. 13th, 1782.
Sir, I have reed, y out Letter of the 3d Inst & I am not author
ized to direct the Printer to deliver any of the Laws, except a
certain number of Setts which are by Law directed for parti-
culajc Purposes. I have, however, mentioned your Desire to the
Gentlemen of the Committee appointed to superintend the Print
ing «& Distribution of them and requested them to furnish you
with a sett, which I doubt not will be complied with.
Some short time before the Appointment of a Supt. of Finance,
I transmited to Congress the most perfect Information I was
able to collect of many of the Matters mentioned in your Letter
and it was my Intention from time to time to have continued
these Communications to Mr. Morris : But our Laws remaing so
long unprinted, the dispersed Situation of the diflf't. public offi
cers, and the Difficulty from this Circumstance, we well as the
want of Authority in some instances to command the necessary
Returns, rendered^t a Business, if not impracticable, requiring
more time & attention than the indispensable Duties of my Office
afforded leisure to bestow. I shall, however, be happy to give
you every Aid in my Power to facilitate it. The Laws with
the Returns which have Lately beerj jnade by the diff't. public
Officers & may be found on the Files of the Legislature and in

30 Public Papers of George Clinton.
the Treasurer's Office will answer most of the Questions stated.
The Answers to the others appear to me to depend in some
Measure on Matter of Opinion and, as the Operation of our Laws
is often obstrucled & the intended Consequences defected, by
unforeseen Events arising from our embarrassed situation, they
cannot be given with any Degree of Precision.
You will readily perceive. Sir, that ihe Treasurer from the
Nature of his Office is not, except in Cases particularly provided
for by Law, subject to my controul. I am persuaded, however,
that he as well as the Clerks of the Legislature will readily give
you every Information and Assistance consistent with the Duties
of their respective Offices.
I am Sir, with great &c
Colo. Alexr. Hamilton.

[No. 4705.]
James Duane's Cheerful Prediction to Governor Clinton for Peace,
Safety and Independence. Philad. 14th Aug. 1782.
Dear Sir, I shall do myself the Honour of writing to your Ex
cellency by Mr. Walter Livingston in a day or two. I, therefore,
only embrace the opportunity by the post to transmit the interest
ing Intelligence in the publick papers lest you should loose a mo
ment of the pleasure which ought to be diffused on the prospects
opening to our View.
The true point in which they are to be considered, is containd in
the Act of Congress on the Letter from Sir Guy Carleton & Adm'l
Digby, as we have no Inteligence from our Commissioners. It is
daily expected and I shall not fail to transmit what may be in my
power & without Delay.

Public Papers of George Clinton. 31
In the mean time I sincerely congratulate your Excelency on
the present glorious prospects. It may be clouded for a time by
the Claims and Views of the belligerent powers ; but we may, with
submission to Heaven, I expect, that our utmost Expectations of
Peace, Safety and Independence will be gratified.
With Compliments to Mrs. Clinton and the utmost Respect and
personal Attachment to your Excellency, I beg leave to spare you
that, I am, Dear Sir, Your Affect & most Obed huml Servt
P. S. We are not hon'd. with a Line since the rising of the Leg
islature, but from my good Friend Col. Benson to whom I beg
leave to convey my particular Regards.

[No. 4713.]
Colonel Hamilton Renews His Request for Information to Robert
Benson Who Writes in Reply.
Albany, Augt. 18th 1782.
Duplicate. Sir, In obedience to Mr. Morris's instructions : I lately wrote
to His Excellency, The Governor, requesting information on a va
riety of points which it is of the greatest importance to Mr. Morris
and to the public to tnow. The Governor in his answer tells me
that the returns lately made by different public officers and on
the files of the legislature will answer most of the questions stated
by me.
¦ The principal ones were concerning :
" The supplies of every kind money, provisions, forage, trans
portation &c. which have been furnished by this State to the
United State® since the 18th of March 80."
« The amount of the different paper currencies in circulation in
the State, and the respective rates of depreciation."

32 Public Papers of George Clinton.
You will materially serve the public and personally oblige me,
by letting me have copies of these returns as speedily as possible.
Without these data the Superintendfent of Finance far from being
aible to liquidate the accounts between the United States and this
State, an essential object to both, will be able to form no idea of
the comparative extent of the compliances of the respective states
with the requisitions of Congress; consequently he will neither
know how to proportion future demands, nor how to regulate any
reasonable scheme of Finance.
I trust the Governor will have anticipated my request, as you
are on the spot with him ; and as he is no doubt convinced, that
this is a business of importance to the public in general and to
this State in particular; and as he assures me of his disposition
to give me every aid in his power.
If these returns sihould be on the files of the Assembly and not
of the Senate, you will do me a particular favour by communicat
ing this letter to Mr. McKesson, to whom I make the same request.
I am with very great esteem. Sir, Your most obed. Servt.
I beg the copies may be certified.
Robert Benson^s Reply.
Poughkeepsie Septr. 10th, 1782.
Sir, In consequence of the Request in your Letter of the 18tb
ulto. I have with great chearfulness searched the Senate Papers-
for the Returns you allude to. Inclosed are all I find in my Pos
session — What Papers Mr. McKesson may have relative to thiS:
subject I know not, but I dare say he will on your Application
give you every Information in his Power. He is now in Albany
and has the Returns of the State of the Taxes made last Winter
by the several County Treasurers.

Public Papers of George Clinton. 33
I also enclose you the last Sheet of the Laws which Mr. Holt
says is wanted to compleat the Sett he sometime since sent you by
the Govr's. Orders.
Colo. Hay's absence during the late Meeting of the Legislature
& his Indisposition since, has prevented his making any Returns
to them or the Gov'r. for the present Year.
As the enclosed Papers are official & entrusted to our Care, I
must request you. Sir, when you have done with them to return
them to me or Mr. McKesson. I am &c
Colo. Hamilton.

[No. 4715.]
James Duane to Governor Clinton on His Election to the Senate
and Hamilton's Appointment to Congress — Mystifying Con
duct of the British Authorities. Philadelphia, 20th August 1782.
Dear Sir, Your Excellency's dispatches of the 5th Instant I
had the honour to receive three days since; and have once more
an occasion to express my grateful sense of your kind attention
to my personal Concerns. I can only lament that the Sum I am
in advance for my support here, inconsiderable as it is in itself,
is so necessary for the Accommodation of my Family, that the
delay of a reimbursement leaves me in a situation little short of
actual distress.
The recent proof of the Confidence of my Constituents in elect
ing me to the vacant Seat in Senate, deserves my grateful
acknowledgments, and your Excellency will be pleased to accept
my best Thanks for your Congratulations. I feel, with equal sat
isfaction, the Honour of being so uniformly entrusted with a
place in the Delegation; as it is a high mark of publick esteem

34 Public Papers of George( Clinton.
which I know how to value. But, however flattering to my Repu
tation, the Exercise of this last office, from domestic Considera
tions, is become painful and indeed next to impracticable; and I
look forward with Impatience to the Period when I shall be
able to decline it with the approbation of my Friends.
Col. Hamilton's Talents qualify him eminently for a seat in
Congress, and his Appointment is a strong proof of the discern
ment of the Legislature. I am doubly pleased with it, as it may
facilitate the Accomplishment of my wishes to be once more
united to my Family after a separation of more than seven years.
The Measures taken by our Legislature to aid the Finances,
and strengthen the system of Continental Government, will do
them the most permanent Honour. The Act, on the last Subject,
is under the consideration of a grand Committee ; & the dispatches
for the States transmitted thro' their Delegates.
I hope, with your Excellency, for substantial benefits from Mr.
Mont's (Montgomerie) present Sentiments, whenever Congress
shall be prevailed on to resume the Vermont business: but the
critical state of our publick afairs strongly opposes the Deter
mination we have a right to expect. It seems to be a general
wish, that a decision should be suspended until we can form a
Judgement of the Views of the present British ministry which are
involved in no small obscurity. The first Intelligence from our
own ministers will unravel them. The Act which the Vermont
(people) have presumed to pass, must injure them in the opinion
of their best Friends in Congress ; tho' I fear it may fall with a
heavy weight on the Towns which retain their Attachment to our
State. I feel most sensibly for our fellow Citizens in Tryon County.
While the. Enemy remain posted in Force at Oswego, we have

Public Papers of George Clinton. 35
nothing to expect short of total Desolation of the scattered re
mains of that once flourishing district. I do not trust myself
with Reflections on this Subject which may be ill founded. I
hope to enclose with these dispatches, an Act of Congress to give
our new Corps the full benefit of the former Resolution in their
favour. A report is made on the principles I wished and steps
recommended for the more comfortable support of our faithful
Indians. We daily expect Mr L'hommedieu, when Mr. Scott will pro
ceed homeward, his subsistence money being already expended.
He will give your Excellency every Information in which I may
be deficient. For the news of the day be pleased to be referred
to Mr. Livingston.
I anxiously wish for Intelligence from our Ministers which
may unravel the equivocal Conduct of the Enemy. While they
profess an Intention to withdraw their Troops from this County,
it is positively asserted that upwards of 1500 Hessians and 500
British are arrived within Sandy Hook in a large fleet of Trans
ports, under Convoy of 6 Ships of the Line. While Sir Guy
Carleton and Adm Digby write of Propositions for peace, —
officiously publishg this Letter before it reached Congress —
one of their ministers insults us in parliament with the offer of
an Irish Independance. While their General calls aloud on the
Americans to soften the Rigours of War and lay aside Acts of
Barbarity which are disgraceful, & even proposes to set the
Example, Tryon County is made a scene of Blood, Devastation &
Wanton murders. While they irritate, provoke (and we have
Reason to apprehend) chicane and deceive, they have the Effront
ery to charge us with a want of Moderation and a Thirst for
War ; and to hold us up to the world as implacable Tyrants !

36 Public Papers of George Clinton.
But I suspend the Indignation which is natural from such
mysterious Measures. The doubts which perplex maybe yet be
cleared up when this whole System is revealed. The British Min-
instry may, notwithstanding present strange Appearances, be in
earnest to pursue maxims, which out of office they avowed ; which
introduced them to power; and which are dictated by the general
voice of the nation which they govern. In short they may con
vince us thatrthe accidental Victory which the too fortunate Rod
ney obtained over a part of the fieet of Count DeGrasse, and the
transient Advantages in the Island of Ceylon, and on the Coast
of Coromandel, have not made them mad.
Adieu, my dear sir, and continue to place among the most
affectionate of your Friends, him who is with every sentiment,
Esteem and Respect your Excellencys Most obedient & very
humble Servant
His Excellency Governor Clinton.

[No. 4730.]
Governor Greene of Rhode Island Notifies Governor Clinton Why
His State Failed to Sustain New York in the Proposition to
StrengLhcn the Articles of Confederation. Warwick, 26th August 1782.
Sir, I had the Honour of receiving your Excellencys letters of
the 25th ulto. and the 4th Instant, and have laid them before the
General Assembly, who have requested me to inform you, that the
conduct of Robert Stodard has been such, when with the Enemy
in Rhode Island, as to render him so disagreable to the Inhabit
ants of this State, that they do not think it prudent for him to
reruiiin here, and have, therefore, requested me to issue my order
for him to depart.

Public Papers of George Clinton. 37
The Resolve of your State respecting their proposing to Con
gress to recommend to the United States to Assemble a General
Cciivention for the purpose to revise and amend the Confedera
tion, they did not pass any Resolve respecting it, as they appeared
to be satisfyed with the powers already vested in Congressi by the
aforesaid Confederation. I am. Your Excellencys, obedient &
very Humble Servt. W. Greene
His Excellency Governor Clinton.

[No. 4755.]
Ezra L'Hommedieu to Governor Clinton — News from Europe and
the disordered Finances of the Country.
Philadelphia, Sept. 11, 1782.
A Ship arrived here last Evening from Holland, which Place
she left the 28th of July : she is loaded with Goods on Account of
the United States to the amount of Thirty Thousand Pounds
Sterling. Letters by this Ship confirm the Report of the Capture of the
greatest Part of the Quebec Fleet.
We have no Particulars of the Negotiations of a Peace so much
talked of. Mr. Adams is still in Holland. Mr. Jay is in Prance.
It Is supposed tbat the late Change in the British Ministry, will
for some Time prevent a general Peace, as the present Ministry
are much averse to the American Independance
Congress have for some Time been employed in devising Modes
for establishing Funds in the different States on General Princi
ples, for the Payment of Interest on Moneys which now on or
hereafter may be loaned : a Land Tax is talked of, and also a Poll
Tax, but as all the states must agree, when we consider, that the
5 pr Cent act is not yet complied with, I have not much reason to
expect the se^'eral States Avill readily adopt this, if it should be

38 Public Papers of George Clinton.
recommended; it is agreed for the present to raise 1,200,000 for
the Payment of Interest of Money loaned and for the Interest of
debts due from the U^nited States; the Inhabitants of each state
to be paid their Interest out of the Monies to be raised in the State
to which such Inhabitant shall belong or when the Money was
loaned. The Quotas of the States as agreed on and different from
the last Quota in respect to each other. Connecticut is 133,200 ;
New York 54,000; New Jersey 66,000.
The Resolutions of our Legislature recommending the Conven
tion, will not 1 believe have the Effect that many Gentlemen ex
pected, as but very few States seem disposed to grant further
Powers to Congress, and tis said some of the States will not adopt
the Act of Congress of* for fixing the Quotas for past ex
penditures othei*wise than is directed by the Confederation ; how
ever, the Documents our Committee may procure probably here
after may be of use to the State.
Witli respectful Compliments to Mrs. Clinton, I am, Sr, with
great Esteem your Excellencys very Humble Servt
Ezra L'Hommedieu
His Excellency Governor Clinton.

[No. 4759.]
Robert Morris Submits to Governor Clinton Acts of Congress for
the Amelioration of the Troops.
Office of Finance, 12th September, 1782.
Circular E
Sir, I do myself the Honor to enclose to your Excellency (Num
ber one and two) two Acts of Congress :t the first is of the fourth,
* Blank in original. t Wednesday, September 4, 1782.
On the report of a grand committee, consisting of a member from each state :
Resolved, That 1,200,000 dollars be quoted on the states, as absolutely and
immediately necessary for payment of the interest of the public debt ; and that it
be recommended to the legislatures of the respective states, to lay such taxes as

Public Papers of George Clinton. 39
and the second of the tenth Instant. It is my particular Duty,
Sir, to pray the Attention of your State to these Acts. The Sub
ject is important, and will I doubt not, be considered according
to its Magnitude. Number three is an Order of the fifth Instant.
I have thought it most proper to send you the whole Letter re
ferred to in that Order, as also of the Letter of the thirtieth of
July, enclosing Estimates for the ensuing Year which has a neces
sary Relation to the other. When Congress shall have finally de
termined on these Objects, I shall do myself the Honor to transmit
the Result.
With perfect Respect I am. Sir, Your Excellency's Most obedi
ent & humble Servant Robt. Morris.
His Excellency the Governor of New York.
shall appear to them most proper and effectual for immediately raising their quota
of the above sum.
Resolved, That the money so raised in each state shall be applied towards paying
the interest due on certificates issued from the loan office of such state, and other
liquidated debts of the United States contracted therein, before any part thereof
shall be paid into the public treasury.
Ordered, that the foregoing resolutions be referred to the grand committee to
assess and report the quota of each state. Tuesday, September 10, 1782.
The grand committee, consisting of Mr. Giiman, Mr. Jackson, Mr. Howell, Mr.
Dyer, Mr. Duane, Mr. Wltherspoon, Mr. Ciymer, Mr. M'Kean, Mr. Carroll, Mr. Lee,
Mr. Williamson, Mr. Rutledge and Mr. Telfair, to whom were referred the resolu
tions of the 4th, in order to assess the quotas of the several states of the 1,200,000
dollars, required for the payment of the interest of the domestic debt, report.
" That the 1,200,000 dollars, to be raised for the payment of the interest of the
domestic debt of the United States, be apportioned to the several states according
to the following quotas, viz.
New Hampshire 48,000
Massachusetts 192,000
Rhode Island 28,800
Connecticut 133,200
New York 54,000
New Jersey 66,000
Pennsylvania 180,000
Delaware 16,800
Maryland 132,000
Virginia 174,000
North Carolina 88,800
South Carolina 72,000
Georgia 14,400
 1,200,000

40 Public Papers of George Clinton.
[No. 4787.]
Robert Morris Appeals for Justice for the Army.
Office of Finance, 5th October 1782.
Circular, Sir, I do myself the Honor to enclose to your Excellency the
Copy of an Act of the first Instant.* You must permit me. Sir,
to call the particular attention of your State to this important

*BY the UNITED STATES IN CONGRESS ASSEMBLED. October 1st, 1782.
The Committee to whom was referred a representation of the legislature of New
Jersey report :
" That it appears from the said representation that complaints have been made
to the legislature of New Jersey by the officers of thfe" line of that State, of partial
payments made by other States to the troops of their particular lines and that it
is proposed by the said legislature unless measures be taken by Congress for
securing equal justice to the troops of New Jersey, to apply to their use a part of
the Taxes required by and allotted for the disposition of the United States in Con
gress Assembled ;
"That by the Articles of Confederation all charges -of War and all other expences
incurred for the common defence or general welfare and allowed by the United States
in Congress Assembled are to be defrayed out of a common Treasury, which shall be
supplied by the several States and the United States in Congress Assembled are to
ascertain the Sums so to be supplied and to appropriate and apply the same in
defraying such expences ;
" That in pursuance of this delegated power. Congress did in the Month of
November last require of the several States their respective proportions of the Sum
of eight Millions of Dollars for the service of the current Year, in which service
was included the payment of the Army so that in case of compliance with the said
requisition the whole Army will be regularly and duly paid ;
" That if, therefore. Individual States undertake without the previous warrant of
Congress to dispense any part of Monies required for and appropriated to the
payment of the Army or any other purposes of the Union, the Foederal Constitution
must be so far infringed ;
" That such infractions ought the more to be guarded against, as they tend to
subvert the plans which Congress have adopted and are now carrying into effect
for a uniform and economical Administration of the Public Revenue as they must
prolong the existance of unsettled accounts between the United States and Individual
States, from which great inconveniences have been experienced, and as they cannot
fail to produce ultimately discords among the several States and Intermediate con
fusions and murmurs in the Army " Whereupon
" Resolved That the legislature of New Jersey be informed that Congress have
adopted every means in their power for securing payment of the arrears due to the
army prior to the 1st day of Jauuy. last, and for the regular payment of the Army
in future, which they hope the several States will exert themselves to enable Con
gress to accomplish, and that Congress have discountenanced all partial payments of
the Array by particular States ;
" Resolved, That no Monies paid by any of the States to the Officers & Soldiers
of the Army of the United States as pay for the Year 1782, be considered as
advanced in behalf of the United States and that the same be not credited to the
State by which the advance shall have been made^
' " Resolved That the several States be required to make speedy payment of the
representative quotas into the public treasury that Congress may be thereby enabled
to pay the officers and Soldiers of the American Army the amount of their pay for
the present Year.
Exd. Chas. Thomson, Secy.

Public Papers of George Clinton. 41
Act. I shall not attempt to add anything to it, because it ap
pears to me that Congress have said all which can b6 necessary.
Neither shall I on this Occasion attempt to display the extra
ordinary Merit and Sufferings of our Army, because I will not
Suppose any Persons in the United States to be ignorant of what
is so generally acknowledged. Besides it is not my present
Business to ask for our Officers & Soldiers any Reward but
merely the Means to do them Justice. Your Excellency will, I
hope, excuse however this one Observation, that their exemplary
Patience under the Detention of their Dues gives them a double
Title to what Congress now Ask for these their faithful Servants.
With perfect Respect, I have the Honor to be. Sir, Your most
obedt. & humble Servant Robt. Morris.
His Excellency The Governor of New York

[No. 4796.]
Ezra ' I'Hommedieu to the Governor — The Vermont Dispute —
England Endeavoring to Induce America to Make a Separate
Peace. Philadelphia, Oct. 9, 1782.
Sr, Altho your Letter and the Affidavit respecting the Proceed
ings of the Vermonters were presented to Congress as soon as
they met, after your Express left this Place, & were immediately
after being read, committed, we have not as yet been able to
get a Report from the Committee. This delay gives me great
uneasiness, as I am sensible of the Necessity of the immediate
Interposition of the United States for the Relief and Protection
of the Sufferers, and for the Preservation of Peace in that Country.
I believe the Delay has been owing more to different sentiments

42 Public Papers of George Clinton.
in the Committee, than inattention to the Business. Colo. Bland
heretofore has warmly espoused the Vermont Claim of Inde
pendance; Mr. Middleton has uniformly approved it; Mr. Mont
gomery the third Person of the Committee, has I believe lately
altered his sentiments on that subject. Charles Phelps, Esquire,
has had the satisfaction last Evening of being heard before the
Committee Two or Three Hours, with very little Interruption,
and laying before them a Number of Affidavits & other Papers
relative to the Disturbances by the Vermonters, which Affidavits
the Committee judged to be so important that they did not
stop to make a report, till they had been read in Congress &
referred to them ; this I consented to, altho the Report will there
by be delayed one or Two Days. At present it is difficult to
determine how far Congress will proceed in this Business, tho'
I cannot but think the Votes of seven States may be obtained to
put an End to such violent Proceedings.
The Back Lands is an object of so great magnitude & Expecta
tion that at present it influences the Politicks of almost all the
States: it has become a serious matter, and unfortunately the
States are greatly divided on the subject. I much question
whether a Vote of Congress could be obtained for Accepting the
Cession of the State of New York, altho it should be agreed there
were no Dispute in the Title and in Case the other States do
not make Cessions of Part of their extensive Territorial Claims,
the States who have no unappropriated Land will obstruct
Measures necessary to be pursued by the several States, in order
to compel some States to make such Cessions of Land, as they
say they have reason to expect. Rhode Island gives this as a
Reason why she does not comply with the 5 pr Cent Act.

Public Papers of George Clinton. 43
We have no late Authentic Advices from Europe. By the last
Accounts it was not expected that a Peace would suddenly take
Place, but That the British Ministry were still flattering them
selves that they could by Emissaries, Artifice or Deception, in
duce America to make a separate Peace. The British Negotiator,
Mr. Granville, in a Conference with Count d'Vergennes, being
pressed to commit to writing the offers of Great Brittain re
specting the unconditional Independence of America, would say
no more in writing than — The King is disposed to grant Inde
pendence to America. General Greene is of opinion that the
Enemy will leave New York as well as Charles Town this Fall,
in order, more effectually to opperate against the French in the
West Indies this Winter. Many are of the same opinion here,
but I cannot find that there are such Appearances of an Evacua
tion of that City as will justify such an Opinion.
1 beg. your Excellency to rest assured that I shall do everything
in my Power [three words faded out] Decision of Congress in
favour of our unhappy fellow Citizens on the New Hampshire
Grants and am with great Regard and Esteem
Your Excellencys most obedient and very Humble Servt
Ezra LHommedieu
His Excellancy Governor Clinton.

[No. 4797.]
Sorry Plight of Orator Phelps, Who " Overflows in the Plenitude
of His Communicative Powers " According to James Duane.
Philadelphia, 9th Octobr, 1782.
Dear Sir, Being much engaged and nothing offering worth
your attention I did not write to your Excellency by the Post.
Mr. L'hommedieu however informed you of the State of Vermont

44 Public Papers of George Clinton.
Business /at that time. Since, Mr. Phelps has arrived and I
believe his Eloquence will be well employed. He has opportuni
ties; his singularity draws attention, and he overfiows in the
plenitude of his Communicative Powers. He is, however, ter
ribly distressed ; without Cloaths fit for the season : without money
or Credit to pay for his board : and leaning on the scanty support
which the exhausted purses of your Delegates can afford. What
is to be done for him? I hope your Excellency may be able to
remit the supply for which I took the Liberty to write ; otherwise
I must hasten home. It is my wish to wait for Relief as I sup
pose Col. Hamilton & Col. Floyd will be here pretty early in the
ensuing month — but propriety must yield to necessity. Capt.
Rutgers delivered me a kind message from your Excellency which
I understood ; but how can I think of disposing of your property
at less than you value it, for my Accommodation?
We have no news of a late date from Europe. The Combind
and British Fleets were left by the last Accounts on the English
Coasts in a Situation which may produce an Important Con-
fiict. In my opinion, however, neither side will wish to hazard
an Enga,gement on which so much depends. There is no doubt
but the British are inferior to the combined powers in numbers;
but they think they have an advantage in this Admiral Don Cor
dova, the Spanish Admiral, who commands the Expedition.
I am sorry to hear of my Friend Benson's illness. If my good
wishes prevail he will speedily recover. Accept the Colection of
papers which I now transmit for your Amusement. They con
tain all the news.
As soon as I can write to the purpose on the Vermont business
I shall notfail. In the meantime it would produce little advan-

Public Papers of George Clinton. 45
tage on so beaten a subject to trouble your Excellency with
Conjectures. Be pleased to present my respectful Compliments to your Lady;
and to believe that I am with inviolable Regard & Esteem, Dear
Sir, Your Excellency's affectionate & most obedt. humble Servt.
Jas. Duane.
His Excellency Governour Clinton.

[No. 4808.]
Governor Clinton to Mr. I'Hommedieu — An Acknowledgment.
Pokeepsie, 15th October 1782
Dear Sir, I had closed my Dispatches of yesterday -to the
Delegates before I was favoured with yours of the 9th instant.
As this contains every Thing I have at Present to communicate,
this is intended merely to acknowledge the Receipt of your Let
ter & to acquit myself of the Charge of Want of Attention to my
Friend. Mrs. Clinton brought me another Daughter on Satur
day last & is in a fair Way of doing well. Mr. Benson has for
this four weeks past been afflicted with a Fever which prevails
much in this Neighborhood. Mr. Floyd has also had a severe
attack of it but they are both now on the Recovery & I hope past
all danger of a Relapse. Colo. Floyd is expected here on the
20th Instant, tho' I dont imagine he intends to proceed immedi
ately to Philadelphia. I am. Dear Sir, Affectionately Yours, G. C.
Inclosed you have the Papers requested by a former letter for
the Minister of France. They should have been transmitted be
fore could I have got them copied.
The Honble Ezra I'Hommedieu, Esqr.

46 Public Papers of George Clinton.
[Nos. 4811-4816.]
Resolution of Congress as to the Requisition of $2,000,000 from the
States as Part of the Estimates of $6,000,000 for the Year
1783. BY THE UNITED STATES IN CONGRESS ASSEMBLED. 16th October 1782.
Congress resumed the Consideration of the report of the Grand Committee con
sisting of a Member from each State which was agreed as follows, ten States being
represented and assenting to the same.
That the Estimate for the service of the Year 1783 be as follows :
For the Pay of the Army 2,609,320 Dollars
Hospital Department 103,177
Quarter Master Genls. Ditto 718,500
Cloathier Generals Ditto 200,000
For Military Stores 49,891
Rations 1,281,174
Civil & Military Staff 304,447
Marine 300,000
Civil List 181,214
Contingencies 252,277

6,000,000
Amounting in the whole to Six Millions of Dollars.
Resolved, That a requisition be made from the Several States of Two Million
Dollars in such Quotas as Congress may assign to them respectively as a Part of
the Sum necessary for the Service of the next year and that any farther requisition
be suspended untill the result of the Measures taken by Congress for obtaining
Loans shall be known. Chas. Thomson, Secy.
BY THE UNITED STATES IN CONGRESS ASSEMBLED. October 18th 1782.
On the Report of a Grand Committee consisting of a Member from each State,
Resolved, That the following quotas of Two Millions of Dollars required from the
States by the Resolution of the 16th for the service of the Year 1783 be assigned
to the Respective States Viz to
New Hampshire $80,000
Massachusetts 320,Q00
Rhode Island and Providence Plantations 48,000
Connecticut 222,000
New York 90,000
New Jersey 110,000
Pennsylvania 300,000
Delaware 28,000
Maryland 220,000
Virginia 290,000
North Carolina 148,000
South Carolina 120,000
Georgia 24,000
 2,000,000 Dollars
Resolved That the several States be called upon to furnish the Treasury of the
United States with their Respective quotas in four equal Proportions or quarterly
payments the first Payment to be made on the first day of April next ;
That the said Sums when paid shall be credited to the Accounts of the several
States on Interest to be hereafter adjusted agreably to the Resolution of the 6th
of October 1779.
Resolved : That it be impressed on the several States as absolutely necessary to
lay Taxes for raising their Quotas of Money for the United States seperate from

Public Papers of George Clinton. 47
those laid for their own Particular use and to pass Acts directing the Collectors to
Pay the same to such Persons as have or shall be appointed by the Superintendant
of Finance to receive the same within the State and to authorize such Receiver to
Recover the monies of the Collectors for the Use of the United States in ,the same
manner & under the same Penalties as State Taxes are Recovered by the Treasurers
of the respective States, to be subject only to the orders of Congress or Superin
tendant of Finance. Chas. Thomson, Secy.

[No. 4820.]
Governor Clinton Urges Washington to Hold a Small Regular
Force Along New York's Northern Frontier During the Winter.
Poughkeepsie, Oct. 20th, 1782.
Sir, I was this morning honored with your Excellency's Letter
of the 19th Inst.* When I transmitted the Affidavits &c inclosed
in my last, I was fusible of the Delicacies entertained by your
?From Head-Quarters, 19 October 1782, Washington wrote to Governor Clinton :
Sir, I have received your favor of the loth instant with the enclosures ; and,
though at the same time it is true, I have the general command of the allied army,
as to all its movements, operations, &c., yet I have never considered myself as hav
ing an absolute right to interfere with the internal police and regulations of the
French army, under the immediate orders of his Excellency the Count de Rocham-
beau ; with which army it appears the persons mentioned in the papers contained in
your letter are connected. I have, however, in order to produce an amicable
settlement of the matter, communicated the contents to Colonel Wadsworth, and
requested him to use his utmost endeavors to prevent any altercations and quarrels
between the citizens of this State and the people employed by him. As he has
engaged, that they will not impede the due execution of the civil authority, and as
he writes to you by this conveyance, I cannot but hope matters will be explained
to your satisfaction.!!
For my own part I shall still continue to exert all my influence and authority
to prevent the interruption of that harmony, which is so essential, and which has
so generally prevailed between the army and the inhabitants of the country ; and I
need scarcely add, that in doing this I shall give every species of countenance and
support to the execution of the laws of the land.
In the present quiet state of the frontiers, and with assurances from Sir Guy
Carleton, that the incursions of the savages are stopped by authority, I have it in
contemplation to withdraw the Continental troops from the northward. There are
many reasons, which will make that measure eligible, unless the troops, which have
been raised on purpose for the defence of the frontiers of this State, should be
thought incompetent to the duty, even taking into consideration the inactivity of the
season and the situation of affairs ; for, indeed, I confess, I do not consider the late
reports of the enemy's being in force at the Isle-au-Noix to Indicate any thing
farther than an attention to their own security. The severity of the approaching
season, and every other circumstance, appear to me to militate against an attack
upon our possessions this winter, and we shall not be at so great a distance, but that
succor may be afforded as early in the spring as shall be necessary. At any rate,
some measures must be immediately taken relative to the troops now there. I should
be happy in receiving your sentiments as soon as may be, and am with great esteem
and regard &c.
P. S. I should be much obliged by an answer at the return of the bearer.

HColonel Wadsworth was the contractor for . supplying the French army, and a
deputy under him had refused to submit to a constable, who served upon him a
justice's warrant. This was considered a contempt of the civil authority, and
caused a complaint to be forwarded by the justice to the governor of the State-
Washington's writings.

48 Public Papers of George Clinton.
Excellency respecting your interference with the internal Police
of the_ French Army. But as the Persons concerned in the Dis
pute were Americans I should have had great reluctance in mak
ing the Application to Count Rochambeau. I was in hopes too
that the bear knowledge of your Excellency's being applied to on
the Subject, would have induced the Parties to have compromized
the Matter; which I still hope will be the Case.
I very candidly confess I am of Opinion with your Excellency
that, nothing extraordinary is to bei apprehended from the late
Accounts. We have had of the collection of the Enemy's Force
at Isle AuNoix & Oswego; and this Sentiment I expressed to
Lord Stirling in the first Communication I made to him of the In
telligence I have received; tho' I thought it my Duty, as I men
tioned to your Excellency, to order a part of the Militia to be held
in readiness. I learn, however, that the frontier Inhabitants are
much alarmed at those Hostile Appearances ; and I am, therefore,
very apprehensive that if any Part of the Troops on the Northern
& Western Frontiers were to be removed before the Season is
somewhat farther Advanced & thereby even the possibility of the
Enemy's visiting them with large Parties, it might create great
Uneasiness among them & perhaps induce the more exposed to
abandon their Settlements & remove into the interior Parts of the
State; which would be exceedingly distressing to themselves &
injurious to the Public. Indeed, if it might be consistent with
your Excellency's Views, I should conceive that the continuing of
a small regular force to the Northwd during the Winter inight be
attended with good Consequences, especially as they may be com
fortably accommodated.
I have the Honor to be &c. G. Clinton.
His Excellency Genl. Washington.

Public Papers of George Clinton. 49
[No. 4837.]
James Duane Notifies the Governor that the Cession of Western
Lands by New York is Accepted by Congress — Impecunious'
Condition of Members of Congress. Philadelphia, 30th October, 1782
Dear Sir, I take up my pen in Congress to inform your Excel
lency that Our Cession of Territory for the benefit of the United
States is accepted. That of Virginia, under some Restrictions
which are thought rigid, is suspended : but I have no doubt but
this business will be accomodated. Y'our Excellency is apprized
of the Principles which produced our Cession; they will do
Honour to our State as well as promote its Interest.
This was the day for Vermont; but it is too much wasted; to
morrow will be devoted to it, and I hope soon to write to your
Excellency the Issue. I refrain from any Opinion lest I shoud
be deceived.
I have nothing new to communicate but what you will find
in the publick newspapers to which be pleased to be referred. I
entreat your Excellency to send my Successor in a Service which
cannot be executed without the means of subsistence; especially
when all which the Legislature intended as a precision would
soon have been expended had I not met with the Injury which
I formerly mentioned. What must be the Case now ? Excuse my
harping so much upon a Subject of which I cannot get clear.
I hope to hear of your Excellency's approbation of my hint for
a Credit from Mr. Carter to the Amount of £150 to supply my
most pressing wants, & prevent my leaning on your Excellency's
shattered fortunes, or engaging in an Obligation which I forsee
I cannot discharge. 4

50 Public Papers of George Clinton.
With respectful Compliments to Mrs. Clinton and Mr. Benson.
I beg your Excellency will believe me to be — with the utmost
Regard Dear Sir, Your Excellancys affectionate and most
obedient Servant Jas. Duane.
P. S. Mr. Secy. Livingston is returned last night. He exposed
himself by his long absence more than I wished.

[No. 4864.]
William Donaldson Portrays the Situation in England to Gov
ernor Clinton in Entertaining Language.
I have the Honor of Inclosing to your Excellency a Letter
from my Father, which the want of oportunity and the hopes
of having the pleasure of delivering it in person, prevented my
forward'g sooner — a safe Conveyance now offering I readily em
brace it.
It gives me much pain to inform you, that by late Arrivals I am
made acquainted with the Death of the best and worthiest of
Fathers, and my Eldest Brother — the heaviest and most afflicting
Strokes I ever experienced, but fiatter myself with the hopes
that your Excellency's Friendship will not be withdrawn from
the remaining Branches of the Family at a time they must stand
in want of it and am with the greatest Respect Your Excellency's
Most Obedient Humble Servant W. Donaldson
New York, 27th Novr. 1782.
Hoping, my esteem'd & worthy old Friend, That the present year will Bless you
with more Quiet, and a less restrained Intercourse than the last — I give this letter
its chance to convey you my Respects, and same time most sincere Condolance.
Sensible have I been, my Dr Sir, to the very severe & tedious Conflicts you have
had with outward Distress as well as inward Disquietude. I can partly judge from
my own Anxieties, which (Inflam'd at times by Anticipation, & sometimes by tedious
Days of Suspense) often proved extremely pungent to me — I have not been inatten
tive, my Dr Friend, to the Rise & Progress of our Calamities in a National View —
Unalter'd in my wonted opinion of the American Rights, I became aiai-m'd in 1774

Public Papers of George Clinton. 51
on Appearance of a rising Storm at Boston ; indeed contrasting the avow'd Determi
nation of Governm't here, with what I well knew to be the universal Sense of the
Colonists respecting British Taxation, I shudder'd under Apprehension of the
Hostility and Bloodshed that ensued, whence I considered it my Duty to hold out
early to those in Power, such a candid & serious View of Consequences, as (had it
been attended to) would necessarly led to an Accomodation, honble and salutary to
both Countries. But alas ! Infatuation seem'd to prevade our Councils, in their
embracing delusive Information, & founding thereon such a system of Measures, as
has not only proved unsuccessful, but Expensive and Inglorious — ^being apprised
next year 1775, of the Intention of Congress to Petition the King, I exerted my
utmost to predispose some Characters of first Influence to a proper reception of
that Petition, by dilating to them the important, yet very different Consequences
that must ensue from its being Received or Rejected. That as it was the last to be
expected, a proper Reply was the natural Means of opening an amicable Treaty —
Whereas the Rejection of it might probably issue in the loss of the Colonies. But
here also Infatuation had its perfect work.
The fatal Experience of three years Hostilitys, having brought Government in
Spring 1778, to the appointment of Commissioners to treat with Congress, my
Opinion was ask'd by some Members of a very respectable Body, then Petitioning
Parliamt, on the necessity of Peace with America. I subscribed their Petition '&
same time convey'd to the Committee in a Letter, the most extensive View I was
capable of, respecting the Importance of the intended Negociation. I suggested the
probability of Congress refusing to 'Treat till their Independence was Recognized,
especially considering the Treatment their Petition had mett with, and thence
Represented the Necessity of the British Comlsrs. being not only Men of liberal
Minds, but their being Cloathed with such Powers as might fully enable them to
restore Peace & Freindship with America, by whatever Means it could be best
Effected— and same time stimulated by the feelings of my wonted Friendships, I
resolved to take Shipping by first Conveyance after departure of the Commissioners,
presuming that in the course of so important a Transaction, It might not be
unacceptable to have an Old Friend from hence to drop in upon you.
I have troubled you, my DrSir, with the foregoing Detail in proof of my
Endeavours to have promoted an amicable ReUNION of the two Countries while
such a thing was practicable — Or their Separation on Friendly Terms, when that
appeared the Intention of Heaven and the Interest of Parties.
I was unfortunate in a tedious passage of 13 weeks to N York, & from a Coinbi-
nation of Circumstances became not a little Melancholy on my Arrival — 1st from
seeing the vast Havock made in the City by Fire, which greatly affected me — 2d The
Inhabitants my old Acquaintance, generally removed, and their Homes desolated, or
in Possession of Strangers. 3d Finding myself (instead of old Peaceful N York) in
a Garrison'd Town & under Military Governt, the Soldiery parading & the Bayonet
glancing in every Street. 4th The Prevalence of a certain degree of Party spirit &
Retaliating Menace, which too much interlarded all Conversation.
Same time must acknowledge I was civilly Received & hospitably treated by such
of my old Acquaintance as I found in the City & on Long Island, and by keeping
Political that on a large Scale, avoided jarring with any.
The Views of the British Commissrs. in approaching Congress, I found had
received a decisive Check before my Arrival. On hearing of which I comforted
myself in the Sentiment that Heaven design'd other Purposes & by other Means, still
I was ardently desirous to see my old Friends without the Lines, & was assured
there would be no difficulty in obtaining a Flag to go to BlizhTown, but was dis-
waded from thinking of it till Spring, as constant Excursions would be making by
the Kings Troops into Jersey thro' the Fall & Winter, of which no previous notice
could possibly be had & whence I might run the risk of my Life — I necessarly sub
mitted to this precaution from those on whom I intirely depended to proei're me n
Pass, & when Spring came (having received a Permission from ElizhTowni I

52 Public Papers of George Clinton.
applied to the Commandant D, Jones for a Flag, who notwithstanding my being
recommended by Mr. Elliot & Others, positively refused me but on express Condition
I should not come in again. His Refusal was imputed to Insinuations having been
drop'd to him of my being a Whig & Dissenter and long attached to leading Charac
ters without of the same Cast, & this Impression was perhaps somewhat inflam'd
from my lodging at Mr. Pintard's, the Congress Agent — It was also aiiedged he
took umbrage at the friendly State of a Letter sent me from without, which I think
not improbable, as that Letter tho' address'd to the care of Mr. Elliot, was fii;st
carried to the Commandant who on perusal & before he sent it to Mr. Elliot, sub-
join'd to it in his own hand writing the following — " N. B. The above Request, Mr.
Elliot, cannot be granted." But whatever the true Reasons of his Refusal were,
all Argument prov'd vain. He persevered to the last ; while I felt exceedingly
mortified in being denied a Pleasure I had travelled so far to Enjoy. Indeed I
should have gone out ore his own Terms and risk'd every Inconvenience, had not a
particular Circumstance in my private Affairs render'd my Return to Engd. In
course of the year absolutely Necessary. The Business I had taken a Share in here
for the Introduction of my eldest son, tho' it had every promising Appearance, yet
from a Deception of unparra'd Depth, I found we should be great Sufferers, and
therefore having a -Brake in our Articles at Mass 79, I was under a necessity of
availing myself of it and being on the spot to disolve the Contract at that Period —
from this Disolution, my two elder Sons became unemployed which gave me Con
cern, and the more as from the very precarious State of Public Affairs as well as
Private Property, I was discouraged and indeed advised from going again into Busi
ness till there was some Appearance of Peace being reEstablished. I, therefore,
look'd out & got my eldest son into an Bmploymt that defrays Expence & afforded
me as much of his Assistance as I wanted in winding up the Affairs of the Partner
ship. My 2d Son I sent out to N York to get acquainted with Business there, and as
Forerunner of his two Brothers, and having carefully bred them all in the
Principles of Integrity, Temperance & Industry, hope they will become useful Mem
bers of Society wherever Providence may cast their Lot. Nor is it impossible I may
follow my Children & perform the last Services of my Life in the Country I lovd
and where I wish to lay my Bones. Wo to those men who from base Views and
insidious Representations have been instrumental in wasting the Blood and Treasure
of both Countries.
As Heaven seems now forecasting the Means, I trust it has in View the ReEstab-
lishment of General Peace.
A jealousy of ill Plan'd Measures, fruitless Campaigns, an increasing National
Debt, insuportable Taxes, and a Profusion of the Public Money, had been for some
time breeding a National Discontent, which has latterly produced Universal Murmur
agt. the American War as tiresome & ruinous.
The Opposition in both Houses were indefatigable in availing themselves of the
growing Disatisfaction.
They carried a RESOLVE in the lower House That the Infiuence of the Crown
has increased, is increasing, and ought to be diminished.
Next, the Loss of Lord Cornwallis' Army Encourag'd them to move a RESOLVE
(which thro' twice unsuccessful they carried at last) to Address his Majesty to
restrain all future Hostilities in America, and to pursue such Measures only as
tended to Peace with that Country.
They finally moved a RESOLVE to withdraw the Confidence of Parliament from
his Mj's. present Minsr. This upon a Divisn they also failed in twice, but returning
a third time to the Charge, the Premier (finding himself deserted) then Intimated
to the House, that the Ministers who were the Object of the Motion Did not exist,
and were to hold their Places only till his Mag'y had time to form a New Arrange
ment, and for that purpose he moved an Adjournment of 4 Days which was agreed
to— that short Interval was anxiously employed in endeavouring to form a Coalition,
but without Effect. Whence we have got an entire New Sett from the Opposition

Public Papers of George Clinton. 53
Side of both Houses, form'd from the most respectable and powerful Whig Families in
Bng'd. and if they steadily pursue the great Objects they have openly avow'd
Economy and Peace with America, they will prove the firmest and best supported
Administration England has had for Ages — And truly much Gratitude must be
consider'd due to those Noble & brave Characters who have step'd forth at this
critical hour to retrieve the Affairs of a distress'd Nation sinking under a Load
of complicated Embarrassments.
They are annihilating Sinecure Offices, reducing exorbitant Salaries, and chastiz
ing the infamous Rapacities of our Eastern Nabobs, yea instituting Committees to
enquire into our National Expenditure from 1776 to the present Time.
They are also disabling Contractors from sitting in Parliament, and disqualifying
Revenue Officers from Voting at Elections &c.
So far we are improving our internal Police. Among foreign Diffieultys, a Settle
ment with America I presume ranks the foremost, and being the subject I'm best
acquainted with, dwells much on my Mind, and with the greater Anxiety as tis
said, that tho' Admn to a Man heartily wish the Restoration of Peace with America,
yet that They are not perfectly at One either as to the Means or the End — Some 'tis
said are for immediately acknowledging the Independence of America, while others
mean trying to get that Country reUnited to this on Terms.
As 'tis my sincere Prayer that Heaven may inspire our Councils with Prudence — I
have suggested to some in Adm'n, also to some well disposed Members, & in the
general Tenor of my Conversation, that I consider it an Impropriety to Prescribe,
when there is neither Power -nor Intention to Enforce. That I apprehend even the
proposing Terms to America, as hazardous of reexciting that Jealousy and Diffidence
which has been the malady of both Countries for years past, that I should therefore
Consider it most prudent simply to Notifie to America, the late Change of his
M'y's Ministers. That those now in Office heartily lament the Calamities that have
afflicted both Countries, and that it is their sincere Wish to contribute everything in
their Power to make America Happy. — leaving it with America to speak for itself,
who best know their own views and wishes and the State of their foreign Connexions.
There are those here who Aver, that America is determined to a Man on having
Independence — While others assert with equal Confidence that a great Majority is
against it. Such busy designing Men greatly misled the old Adm'n, and are
attempting the same Game with the New — ^Whence so far as my Opinion signifies
anything, I recommend what I think most prudent, in leaving America to judge and
speak for itself. And may Heaven direct the Deliberations of both Countries.
I remain with sincere Respect and Esteem Your Excellencys Most Obedient and
Most humble Servant Will Donaldson.
London 1st May, 1782.
P. S. Genl. Carleton was early after the Changed administration, dlspateh'd for
N York but the Tenor of his Instructions has not transpired here, hope they are of a
Peaceful Complexion Ireland.

[No. 4875.]
Robert R. Livingston Notifies the Governor of His Resignation
as Secretary of Foreign Affairs.
Philadelphia 2d Deer 1782.
. Dear Sir, You will believe that it has given me some pain to
take the step mentioned in the enclosed* without your Excel-

*Not found.

54 Public Papers of George Clinton.
lencys advise but I suppose your other avocations have not given
you leisure to answer my Letter soliciting it. In the mean while
to put an end to all intriguing for the place which must be
troublesome to you I have thought it proper to make my election,
my penchant for the state has determined me if I must be a
servant to wear its badge — I am sir, with great esteem & regard
Your Excellencys Most Obt Hum Servt Robt R Livingston.
His Excellency George Clinton Esqr &o &c &c

[No. 4876.]
Henry Sherburne Appointed by Governor Clinton Commissioner
from Neio York to Adjust Accounts betio'een New York and the
United States. By his Excellency George Clinton Esquire
Governor of the State of New York &c &c
Pursuant to the authority vested in the Person administring
the Government of this State I do hereby signify my Approba
tion of the Appointment of Henry Sherburne Esquire by the
Superintendent of the Finances of the United States as Commis
sioner to settle the Accounts between this State & the United
States; and the Creditors of the United States within this State
agreable to the Act of Congress of the 20th of February last.
Given under my Hand at Pokeepsie this
5th day of December in the seventh year
of the Independence of the said State
By His Excellency's 1782.
Command. Poughkeepsie Deer. 5th, 1782.
Sir, I have been honored by your Letter of the 21st ult. & I
now enclose you my Approbation of the Appointment of Henry

Public Papers of George Clinton. 55
Sherburne Esqr. as Commissioner to settle the Accts between
this State & the United States &c purst. to the Act of Congress
of the 20th Feby. last. I am &c G. C.
The honble. Robt. Morris Esqr. Supt. Finance &c.

[No. 4877.]
James Duane Explains to the Governor Why James Clinton
Failed To Be Appointed Major General.
Poghkeepsie Decemr 5th 1782.
Dear Sir, I am sorry to be deprived of the pleasure of paying
my respects to your Excellency & your Lady on my return from
Philad. The severity of the day I am apprehensive may detain
you, and I am impatient to see my Family after half a years
absent: but this Consideration woud not have weight, had not
Mr L'hommedieu communicated to your Excellency the State of
Affairs at Congress.
I beg leave to submit to your Excellency the steps we took in
the Case of General Clinton. The Principle on which the Rejec
tion was founded was that the New York line was not entitled
to a second Major General. I need not I hope assure your Ex
cellency that nothing was omitted on my part which promised
Success to the General's wishes.
The Vermont business is undecided: but these rash men are in
a fair way to ruin themselves. I trust Mr. Lhommedieu has fully
stated this matter to your Excellency.
I enclose your Excellency the Acceptance of the New York
Cession. You will observe that it is left on the best possible
footing for our State. I feel myself happy in being the Instru-

56 Public Papers of George Clinton.
ment in accomplishing a Measure of such vast irhportance To our
Country. Our money affairs I defer till I have the pleasure of seeing
your Excellency. Unless I have some Redress, this last at
tendance on Congress will affect me severely, for besides my loss
I have overstaid the time prescribed for a month.
With Complemt to Mrs. Clinton & the most perfect Respect
for your Excellency, I have the honor to be. Dear Sir, Your
affectionate & most obedient humble Servant Jas. Duane.

[No. 4883.]
Congress Lays a Restraining Hamd upon the More Radical and
Arbitrary Vermonters. Philadelphia, Deer. 9th, 1782.
Sir, Inclosed we have the honor to transmit Your Excellency
sundry resolutions of Congress of the 5th instant ; by which you
will judge of the present temper of that body, respecting the
affairs of the grants. We cannot, however, absolutely rely upon
the execution of the coercive part of them if the matter should
require an exertion of force. Many who at a distance adopt very
decisive ideas, might shrink from a measure replete with con
sequences at least delicate, if not dangerous. The principal
advantage we promise ourselves from these resolutions is, that
they will give a complexion to the future deliberations on the
subject and may induce Congress the more readily to adopt some
moderate medium. It, therefore, becomes the policy of the State
to facilitate as much as lies in its power this object, by doing
everything (if anything remains undone) that may tend to con
ciliate the inhabitants of the Grants, and to take away all motives

Public Papers op George Clinton. 57
of opposition from the private interests of individuals on the
other States. It is to be recollected in particular that a con
siderable part of the army is interested in grants of land to a
large extent under the usurped government of Vermont. Much
will depend upon their disposition in the progress of the busi
ness, and it is, therefore, of primary importance that they should
be secured at all events. We apprehend there should be a con
firmation of their titles unfettered by any condition whatsoever;
if any are annexed by the acts of last Winter relative to that
subject (which we do not find among our papers) we take the
liberty to suggest that they will be worthy the future considera
tion of the legislature. We enlarge the less on these topics as
we are persuaded the wisdom of the State will distinguish and
pursue the true line of policy upon this occasion, and will clearly
perceive the propriety of moderation.
Congress have resolved to send a deputation of three members
to the State of Rhode Island to urge their compliance with the
requisition of the five per Cent duty as a measure essential to the
safety and reputation of these states. The members chosen are
Mr. Mifflin, Mr. Nash and Mr. Osgood.
We have the honor to be .With perfect respect, Yr Excellency's
Most Obedt. Hum. Serv. Wm Floyd
Alex Hamilton.
His Excellency George Clinton, Esqr.
BY the united states IN CONGRESS ASSEMBLED. December 5th, 1782.
Whereas it appears to Congress by Authentic documents that the people Inhabiting
the District of Country on the West side of Connecticut River, commonly called the
New Hampshire Grants, and claiming to be an Independent State, in Contempt of
the Authority of Congress and in direct violation of their resolutions of the 24th
of September 1779 and of the 2 of June 1780, did, in the month of September last.

58 Public Papers of George Clinton.
proceed to exercise jurisdiction over the persons & properties of Sundry Inhabitants
of the said District, professing themselves to be Subjects of and to owe allegiance
to the State of New York ; by means whereof divers of them have been Cofldemnea
to banishment, not to return on pain of Death and Confiscation of Estate, and
others have been fined in large Sums and otherwise deprived of property — Therefore
resolved ; That the said Acts and proceedings of the said people, being highly
derogatory to the Authority of the United States and dangerous to the Confederacy,
require the immediate and decided interposition of Congress for the protection &
relief of such as have suffered by them, and for preserving peace in the said District,
until a decision shall be had of the Controversy relative to the Jurisdiction of the
same. That the people Inhabiting the said District claiming to be Independent be, and
they are hereby, required without delay, to make full and ample Restitution to
Timothy Church, Timothy Phelps, Henry Evans, William Shattuck and such others
as have been, condemned to banishment & Confiscation of Estate or have otherwise
been deprived of property since the first day of September last for the damages they
have sustained by the Acts and proceedings aforesaid ; and that they be not molested
In their persons or properties on their return to their habitations in the said
Districts. That the United States will take effectual Measures to enforce a Compliance witb
the aforesaid Resolutions in case the same shall be disobeyed by the people of the
said District.
That no persons holding Commissions under the State of New York or under the
people of^ the said District Claiming to be independent, exercise any Authority over
the persons & properties of any Inhabitants in the said District, contrary to the
forementioned Resolutions of the 24th of September 1779 and the 2 of June 1780
That a Copy of the foregoing Resolutions be transmitted to Thomas Chittenden,
Esq. of Bennington in the District aforesaid to be communicated to the people thereofj
Chas. Thomson, Secy.
Repobt op the Committee.
The Com'te. consisting of Mr. Rutledge, Mr. Osgood & Mr. Howell, to whom were
referred part of a report on Governor Clinton's Letter of 16th Sept ; & the Petitions
of Charles Phelps & Others — report, that the measures complained of, in the papers
above mentioned, were, probably, occasioned by the State of N. York lately Issued
Commissions, both Civil & Military to Persons resident in the District called Ver
mont — Your Comte. therefore
Submit the following Resolves — Viz : —
Resolved That it be recommended to the State of N. York to revoke all Commis
sions, either Civil or Military, which have been issued by the said State since the
Month of May last, to persons residing in yr District called Vermont, as described
in the Resolves of the 20th of August 1781.
R. That it be recommended to the persons exercising the Powers of Governt.,
within the sd. District, to make full & ample satisfaction to Charles Phelps, Wm.
Shattack & Henry Evans, & to ail others in a similar Predicament, for the Damages
which they have sustained, in person & property, in consequence of the measures
taken against them in the said District, & to suffer them to return to their Habita
tion, & to remain unmolested in the District afd.
B. That It be recommended to the State of N. York, & to the persons exercising
the Powers ,,of Governt., within the District afd. to adhere to the recommendation
of Congress contained in their Resolve of September 24 1779, until a Decision shall
be had, by Congress, on the Subject refer'd to them by the sd. State of N. York &
the sd. District of Vermont.

Public Papers of George Clinton. 59
[No. 4890.]
Caspar Voght & Company of Hamburgh Solicit Trade with New
York and Submit a Partial List of Goods
Manufactured in Germany.
TO HIS EXCELLENCY the GOVERNOR, and the HONORABLE MEMBERS of
the ASSEMBLY of the STATE of NEW YORK, in COUNCIL assembled.
GENTLEMEN, Persuaded that in Your well known great Goodness, you will con
descend to excuse our presuming to address you in a Legislative Body ; we beg
Leave through Your Honorable Assembly, to assure the Inhabitants of your State,
that the deserved Freedom and INDEPENDENCE of NORTH AMERICA, so gen
erally desired, and on the point of being universally acknowledged, will Immensely
contribute to the Happiness of all Europe, as well as Theirs ; change the System of
every Merchant established before this Glorious Revolution ; and open the best of
Prospects to both Sides the Atlantic : Prospects assuring multiplied and reciprocal
Advantages. ^xcited more by a Patriotic Zeal than Self-interest, we also beg Leave, Gentlemen,
to remind You of the superior Advantages peculiar to Germany ; it being in the
Opinion of very many great and learned Men, who have no further Interest in the
Revolutions of Trade, than a sincere Wish for the Good of the Whole ; of all Places
in Europe, that, which best promises mutual Benefits, from the Conformity of its
Climate with yours ; having all the Manufactures proper for Your Trade ; particu
larly those of the first Necessity.
HAMBURGH, a neutral free and Imperial City, happily situated upon the River
Elbe, about eighty Englisli Miles from the Sea, is considered as the Key to all
Germany, and the general Magazine of all the northern productions. The Harbor
is continually full of Ships, from almost every Nation, and so very safe, deep and
commodious, that the greatest can anchor close to the Keys. It is also reckoned
one of the richest and most fiourishing Cities of Europe ; there being none which
have such an universal Trade in the Products of America, and both the Indies ;
nor so well stored with all the Manufactures indispensably necessary to the North
Americans ; who were formerly obliged to take them from England on very unprofit
able Terms. In this town, therefore, the American Merchant can be certain of
meeting the best .Market, both for buying and selling.
We take the Liberty, Gentlemen, to offer You herewith, a List of all the Goods
manufactured in German ; as well as of those we get at the first Hand from Russia,
Sweden and Denmark, which, here in Hamburgh, we are able to sell as cheap, and
often cheaper, than the Merchants of those Countries themselves.
Mr. Peter Penet, Agent for Virginia, and Partner of the late Mr. Emanuel Prlarne,
during his Stay in Hamburgh informed us, of all the Merchandises proper for Your
Continent ; and having in his Travels through Germany, seen its different Manufac
tures, and observed their Quality and moderate Prices, he advised us to send some
body over to America with Samples of those proper for the American Market ; and
which the English formerly bought from us to send there.
It is in the before mentioned City of Hamburgh, that for a long Series of Years,
from Father to Son, our House has carried on a pretty extensive Trade.
Encouraged by Your known Goodness, the Advice of Mr. Penet and the Credit
and Experience our so long established Trade has procured us ; we hereby humbly
solicit the Honor of Your Commands, for all such of the described Articles You
may think necessary to purchase. . We will make it our Study to Serve you with
the strictest probity ; so as to deserve a Continuance of Your Favors and Confidence.
WE propose, Gentlemen, sending directly an able and intelligent Person, to
deliver you the Samples &c. and also to receive Your Orders, In case You should
please to grant us any.

60 Public Papers of George Clinton.
We have the Honor to be. Gentlemen, with the greatest Reverence and Respect,
Your most devoted, and most obedient humble Servants, Caspar Voght, & Co.
Hamburgh ye 20th December 1782.

Specification op Goods, moke peopitably to be dkawn pkom Hambukgh then
FKOM ANY OTHEE MAEKET, VIZT :
German Cloth, of every quality and Colour, the ordinary sort of which in particular
to be cheaper had then anywhere else, and the Braband Cloth we have at first hand.
All Sorts of woolens fit for lining, such as Serges &c. and a kind of Bays near like
the English but 20 p Ct. cheaper.
Cotton Stuffs of every kind manufactured in Germany.
Flannels, Freezes, Blankets, woolen Stockings & Caps.
Thread Stockings.
Shoes and Slippers.
All Sorts of Ribbands.
Course Linuens such as Sack linnen from the courest to the tightest quality, and
Saxonian Sail Cloth.
Westphalia Linuens at various prices, vizt :
Osnabrugs ; Tecklenburgs ; Bavensburgs ; Hessens ; Wahrendorps ; Bieleselds ; Quad
ruples or Brunswick
Silesia Linnens vizt: )
BretagnasPlattlllas royales,
Creas a la Morlaix,
Eouens, Cholets,
Estopilles or Cambricks,
Silesia Diaper of different qualities and patterns.
Loom Dowlas,

imitating the French Linnens under the same denomina
tion, but are one third cheaper here.

go in great quantitys to London, from thence they go exported
to America.

Sleeked Dowlas,
Rough ditto.
Quadruple Tandems,
Erown Silesias
All sorts of striped and checkered Linnens vizt :
Bleeched linnens, otherwise called fll d'epreuve ; Arabias ; Sailors linnens ; Coutils ;
Gingas ; Tortillas fit for bedding
Handkerchiefs of all Colours &c Chintezs and Calicoes of various patterns, whole
pieces as well as for Gowns, likewise white Calicoes, Handkerchiefs &c
Rushia Duck ; Ravensduck ; Flaams
Cables ; Cordage ; Anchors, and in short every Requisit for fitting out Ships.
All sorts of goods, the Danish and Sweedish East India Companies import from
thence and China, of which the ch'ef articles are Tea and Saltpeter.
Hartz I/ead, which always comes cheaper than the English ; Smallshot Tin ; Tin-
plate ; Steel ; Iron assorted ; Scythes ; and every kind of course Ironware Nails,
Needles, Ironwire, Brasswire &c.
All sorts of Bohemian and other German Glasses for Windows, Lookingglasses,
Bottles, Decanters, Wine and Beerglasses &c
German Earthenware, China &c
Rushia Matts, and in short all Rushian products
Rhenishwine ; Refined Sugars
All Sorts of Haberdashery ware, which are made very good and cheap in Germany
Toys of every kind, besides many more Articles, too prolix to be specified.

Public Papers of George Clinton. 61
[No. 4892.]
Robert R. Livingston Informs Governor Clinton He Will Con
tinue to Act as Secretary of Foreign Affairs until Spring.
Philadelphia 22nd Deer. 1782.
Dear Sir, Previous to the rec't. of your favor of the 29th Novr.
I had made my resignation that I might satisfy what I supposed
to be the wish of the State Congress finding some diflQculty in
supplying my place postponed the election; Schuyler, Climer &
Reed having been nominated & appointed a committee to en
deavour to prevail with me to stay till spring & not precipitate
them at a critical moment into a choice that they could not fully
approve I was compelled to consent ; my resignation still standing good,
so that I might only be considered as directing the affairs of the
department for the present without filling the ofSce, and that I
should return to the State & do the duties of my office in the
State. This I hope will, with your friendly wishes, serve as an
antidote for the slow poison which the selfish politicks of some
people would wish to instil.
If a new appointment should be necessary, which I am confi
dent it is not, I am now at liberty to accept it, it would however
be prudent well to consider this point. The Ijegislature have
already expressed their sense of it. And above twenty suits now
depending must in that case abate.
For news I refer you to Mr. Morris who will have the honor to
deliver this. I shall write to Gilbert to direct a court of chancery
to be advertized for the third Tuesday in Jany next before which
I shall meet the Legislature. Tho we have no official account of
it, there is little dioubt that the treaty with the United Provinces
is signed — present me to Mrs. Clinton & believe me to be with
sincere respect & esteem Yr Exrs. Most Obt Hum. Servt
R. R. Livingston.

62 Public Papers of George Clinton.
^ [No. 4908.]
William Floyd to Governor Clinton — Evacuation of Charleston,
S. C. by the British — Prospects of Peace.
Philadelphia Jany. 16th 1783
Sir, Major Burnet has now Arrived with Official Information
of the Evacuation of Charlestown, And from the Letters which
has been reed, the Enemy has left that town in better Condition
than was Expected. It is said that they Carried of between 6 and
7,000 Negroes at the time they left it.
No late accounts Respecting the Negociations for peace; tho
from General Appearances, my hope and Expectation is, that
it will take place, tho Intelligence that we may Receive within
three Weeks will probably Satisfie us on that head. Our latest
accounts from Europe are in the papers Inclosed, to which I
must beg leave to Refer for the news.
The Chancellor [Livingston] I expect has arrived in the State
before now; he sometime ago Sent his Resignation to Congress
of his office of Secretary of foreign Affairs which Congress Ac
cepted, for the Reasons which he assigned. Since which time
Congress has Requested him to perform the Duties of the Office
During the Winter Except Such part of the time as will be neces
sary for him to be in the State of New York.
I shall not fail to communicate to your Excellency Every mat
ter of Consequence that I may be at Liberty to do that shall
Relate to the Interest of these States in General, or to the Inter
est of our State in particular.
I Yesterday Reed a Letter from my Son at Middletown; he
was in a bad state of health when he wrote. I am afraid he will
not get Clear of that fever — perhaps Mr L'hommedieu will be
at the Legislature when this Comes to hand. I hope he will write
me Respecting my Sons health.

Public Papers of George Clinton. 63
My best Respects to Mrs. Clinton, and am. Sir, your Excel
lencys most Obedt and, humble Servt Wm. Floyd.
His Excellency Governor Clinton

[No. 4926.]
Governor Clinton to Mr. Floyd — Organization of a Land Office —
The Vermont Dispute.
Kingston 6th February 1783
Sir, I have been honored by your Letter of the 16th ultimo.
I beg you to accept my Thanks for the repeated Marks of Atten
tion you have shown me in early Communications of interesting
Intelligence, for which I am under the greater Obligations, as
it seldom happens that I have any Thing worth mentioning in
Return. The Legislature who were to have met on the 1st Tuesday of
last Month did not form a Quorum until three Weeks after the
Day appointed & as they are therefore now only entering upon
Business I can as yet form but a very imperfect Judgment of
what the Session may produce. There is a Tax Bill similar to
our former ones before the Assembly in some forwardness. The
Amount of the Sum to be raised by it I have not been able to
learn, wherefore I conclude it is not yet determined. A Bill
for establishing a Land Office is to originate in the Senate by
order of that House; a Draft of it is preparing accordingly. It
is a Subject on which there is a diversity of Oppinions & this
alone will render the Fate of the Bill uncertain. I believe it to
be the prevailing Opinion that the Requisition of Congress for
the Payment of the Interest of the Domestic Debt ought to be
complied with & I presume an appropriation of so much of the

64 Public Papers of George Clinton.
intended Tax as will be sufficient for that Purpose will be made
in the first Instance. There are several other Bills depending
in the different Houses but none of them of such importance as
to be worth your mentioning to you.
The usurped Government of Vermont have not, and I may
venture to assert, will not comply with the late Resolutions of
Congress which the leaders feign to treat with the utmost Con
tempt. I am informed they openly assert that they have Infor
mation from Members of Congress that notwithstanding the
Threats held out in the Resolutions, no coercive Measure? will
be pursued to inforce obedience to them & by which Means they
discourage their Adherents who began to despond to the show
of Resistance. Colo. Timothy Church one of the Persons to
whom Restitution was directed to be made was apprehended &
confined in Bennington Gaol previous to the Resolution being
delivered to Chittenden. He is still held in close Confinement
& threatened with Execution. I am possessed of several Affi
davits proving in other Instances a Refusal by Officers of the
Vermont Party to comply with the Resolution but as the
Instances to which they relate might Perhaps be rather con
sidered as the Acts of Individuals than of their Govermt, I defer
transmitting them till I can obtain more pointed Proofs which
I expect I shall have in a few Days. "Wills & Knolton have
both fied the Country & there is strong Reason to suspect they
had Notice of the Measures which were taken for their Appre
hension from a Quarter too where Secrecy should have been
observed. A Letter from a Member of Congress to a Person in
that Quarter is said to have given them the Alarm.
I have not had a Line from Nicoll since he left nor indeed
heard of him but once, and if it was not that I impute his

Public Papers of George Clinton. 65
Silence to his Intention of returning with Mr. LHommedieu who
is not yet arrived here, I should be much concerned lest it might
be owing to the Want of Health to write. Please to present
my best Respects to the Young Ladies your Daughters & believe
me with great Regard & Esteem Your Most Obedt Servt
P. S. present my best Respects to your Coleague & appoligize
for my not writing him by the present being on the Point of
setting out for Albany
Colo Floyd.

[No. 4930.]
Suggestion from Massachusetts for a General System of Taxation.
Commonwealth of Massachusetts. In Senate February 13th 1783.
RESOLVED that there be chosen by joint ballot three Delegates to meet in
Convention at Hartford in the State of Connecticut on the last Wednesday in April
next with such Delegates as may be appointed on the part of the States of New
Hampshire, Rhode Island, Connecticutt & New York & to confer with them on the
necessitv of adopting within the said States for their respective Uses such General
& uniform system of Taxation by import & excise as may be thought advantageous
to the said States, which system being agreed on by the Majority of the Delegates
so to be convened, shall be recommended to the Legislatures of the said States that
Laws may be Enacted to carry the same into Execution & that the said Delegates
in Convention do agree on the form of a Bill or Bills for that purpose. And it is
further RESOLVED that His Excellency the Governor be. and he hereby Is desired
as soon as may be convenient to write circular letters to the chief Executive of
the said States of New Hampshire Rhd. Island, Connecticutt & New York requesting
them to Submit to the Consideration of their respective Legislatures the foregoing
Resolution & the expediency of their appointing Delegates to meet in the said Con
vention of Conferrence. Sent down for Concurrence Samuel Adams, President.
In the House of Representatives February 13th 1783 Read & Concurred
Tristram Dalton, Spkr.
Approv'd John Hancock.
True Copy Attest) John Avery, Secy. ""

[No. 4931.]
Major Ben Walker to Governor Clinton as to the King's Speech
to Parliament. Newburg, 14th Feby. 1783
Sir, Tho various Reports for these two days have informed.
US that the King's speech to his Parliament had come to New

66 Public Papers of George Clinton.
York, no official accounts of it have yet reached Head Quarters,
as it was not till this minute that we have been able by chance
to get a sight of it.
Judging that it would be a matter interesting and gratifying
to your Excellency to be informed of its contents, I have per
suaded the Gentleman to whom the Copy belongs to suffer me
to extract such facts as are most interesting, to forward to you.
The short time I had to do it will apologize for the manner in
which it is done.
With the highest Respect I have the honor to be Sir, Your
Excellencys Most Obed Servt Ben Walker.

¦\ ; : [No. 4933.]
For the Adjustment of the National Debt.
February 6th, 1782 [37]
According to order, the Report of the Committee of the whole was taken Into
Consideration and a proposition reported from the Committee being amended to
read as follows :
¦ Whereas by the Articles of Confederation & perpetual Union, it is agreed and
declared that the United States in Congress Assembled shall have Authority to
Ascertain the necessary sums of money to be raised for the Service of the United
States and to appropriate and apply the same for defraying the public Expences :
That all charges of war & all other Expences that shall be incurred for the
Common defence or general Welfare, and allowed by the United States in Congress
Assembled, shall be defrayed out of a Common Treasury which shall be supplied
by the several States in proportion to the Value of all land within each State ;
granted to or surveyed for any person as such Land and the Buildings and
Improvements thereon shall be estimated according to such mode as the United
States in Congress Assembled shall from time to time direct and appoint, and
that the taxes for paying that proportion shall be laid & levied by the Authority
and direction of the Legislature of the several States within the time agreed on
by the United States in Congress Assembled.
In order that the Treasury of the United States may be supplied, in the manner
above mentioned for defraying all the Charges of War and other Expences which
have been or shall be incurred for the Common defence or general Welfare and
allowed by Congress and that each State may have due Credit according to the
principle aforesaid, for the sums of money which it has furnished on the requi
sitions of Congress or for the Service of the United States
Resolved, That the Legislatures of the several States be and they are hereby
Required to pass Laws with such Clauses and provisions as may be necessary &
Effectual for forming or dividing their respective States into such Districts as
they may Judge most .Convenient and Proper to procure an Accurate Estimate of

Public Papers of George Clinton. 67
the Value of all lands in such State Granted to or surveyed for any person and
of the Buildings and improvements thereon, appointing Commissioners, principal
Freeholders resident in the district where the Land to be Valued lies, to obtain
such valuation, & directing that the said Commissioners take an Oath or Affirma
tion faithfully to Execute the duties enjoined on them ; that in each District they
return to the Executive authority of the State a List or Schedule of the name
of the respective Owners of all the Land and in such District, which at the time
of taking such list shall have been granted to or surveyed for any person together
with an account of the Quantity of such Land and of the Value in Specie Dollars
of the same & of the Buildings and Improvements thereon : And that the Executive
Authority of the State transmit to Congress on or Before the first day of January
next, returns of the Quantity of Land in each district, and of the value of said
land and of the Buildings and Improvements thereon together with Copies of the
Laws passed by the Legislature for the Purpose aforesaid in order that Congress
may examine such Estimates, and if they shall be approved of by them, that they
may proceed to make such requisitions upon the respective States as shall be agree
able to the Articles of Confederation.
A Motion was made by Mr. Hamilton seconded by Mr. Fitzslmons to postpone
the Resolution before the House and to take into Consideration the following
Motion :
Whereas the Carrying into Execution the 8th Article of the Confederation
relative to a valuation of Land for Ascertaining the Quotas of each State towards
the general Expence in a manner consistent with Justice to all the Members of
the Union, and with such Accuracy as the Importance of the Subject demands
will necessarily be attended with very considerable Expence to which the present
State of the public finances is inadequate ; And whereas in a Matter so funda
mental in the Confederation it is essential to the Harmony and welfare of the
United States, that the said Article should be carried into Effect with great care.
Circumspection & impartiality, and a short delay will be much less pernicious than
a defective execution therefore.
Resolved That Congress are under a Necessity of deferring the Attempt to a
period when the Situation of the Finances of the United States will admit of the
Necessary expence for effecting the Object with as much precision & Equity as
possible. And that they wUl then proceed to such Valuation by Commissioners
appointed by them & acting Under their authority. Upon principles Uniform through
out the United States. That when this Valuation is compleat Congress will finally
adjust the Accounts of the United States, with the States Separately, agreeable
to that Stahdard, making equitable abatements to such States as have been more
immediate sufferers by the war, and in the mean time will adhere in the temporary
Adjustment of those Accounts to the proportions Established from time to time
by the Several requisitions of Congress That for the Information of Congress in
forming an eventual plan . those States which have already made valuations of
their Lands respectively be requested to transmit to Congress the Amount of Such
Valuations with an Explanation of the principles on which they have been made.
A Division was called for & on the general Question to postpone the Consideration
of the Resolution before the House, the Yeas & Nays being Required by Mr.
Hamilton

New Hampshire Mr. Giiman Ay
Mr. White No
Massachusetts Mr. Holten, No
Mr. Gorham, No }¦ No
Mr. Osgood, No
Rhode Island Mr. Collins, ay' x
Connecticut Mr. Wolcott, ay ) ^^
Mr. Dyer, no f

Dd

68

Public Papers of George Clinton.

New York
New Jersey
Pennsylvania

Maryland
Virginia

North Carolina
South Carolina

• Ay

So the Question was lost.

Mr. Floyd, ay
Mr. Hamilton, ay
Mr. Boudinot, no j
Mr Condict, ay > Ay
Mr. Elmer, ay )
Mr. Fitzsimmons, ay
Mr Wilson, ay ' }¦ Ay
Mr. Montgomery, ay
Mr. Carroll, ay x
Mr. Jones, ay \
Mr. Madison, ay
Mr. Bland, no
Mr. Mercer, ay J
Mr. Hawkins, no
Mr. Williamson, no
Mr. Rutledge, no
Mr. Ramsay, no
Mr. Izard, no
Mr. Gervais, no.

Ay

¦No

No

¦Dd

• ay

No

ay

On the Question to agree to the Resolution, the yeas and nays being Required by-
Mr. Gervais Mr. Giiman, no
Mr. White, Ay
Mr. Holten, ay
Mr. Gorham, ay >• ay
Mr. Osgood, ay
Mr. Wolcott, ay
Mr. Dyer, ay
Mr. Floyd, no
Mr. Hamilton No
Mr. Boudinot, ay
Mr. Condict, no
Mr. Elmer, ay
Mr. Fitzsimmons, no
Mr. Wilson, no
Mr. Carroll, No
Mr. Jones, ay )
Mr. Madison, No
Mr. Bland, ay
Mr. Mercer, no ¦'
Mr. Hawkins, ay
Mr. Williamson, ay
Mr. Rutledge, ay \
Mr. Ramsay, ay f
Mr. Izard, ay 1
Mr. Gervais, ay }
So the Question was lost. Friday Feby 14th, 1783.
The Committee to whom was referred the report of the Committee of the whole
with the Amendments & Additions brought in a report which was taken into
Consideration, And the following Paragraph being under debate Viz :
" That the Legislature of each State be & they are hereby also required to cause
the Said account to be transferred & delivered to Congress on or before the fi'rst
Day of January next together with the name of such person as the said Legislature

New Hampshire

Massachusetts

Connecticut

New York

New Jersey

Pennsylvania MarylandVirginia

North Carolina

South Carolina

Dd

•Ay

Ay

Public Papers of George, Clinton.

69

shall chuse to be a Commissioner for estimating the value of all the lands in
each of the United States granted to or Surveyed for every person, and of the
Buildings & improvements thereon.
A Motion was made by Mr. Lee seconded by Mr. Gervais to postpone the propo
sition under debate in order to take up the following Proposition to wit:
" That the Several States in the Union be desired to make returns to Congress
on or before the first day of January 1784 of the Value of all Lands Within their
respective jurisdictions, and of the Buildings & Improvements on such Lands
Agreeable to the 8th Article of the Confederation, the Valuation to be made
by Commissioners appointed by the several States & acting on Oath, and if either
Congress or any State in which the Valuation was made shall be dissatisfied with
it, the return shall undergo a revision by a Court of Commissioners chosen &
constituted as nearly as the Case will admit according to the 9th Article of the
Confederation and the sentence of such Commissioners shall be final.
A Division of the Question was called, so that the first question may be for post
poning generally, on this a question of Order was Moved in the words following :
" When a motion is made by a member to postpone a proiiosition before the House,
In Order to take up another which he reads in its place, is it in Order to call for a
division of such Motion."
On this Question the yeas, & nays, being required by Mr. Oilman
New Hampshire

¦Dd

No

-Dd

Dd

ay

Mr. Giiman, ay )
Mr. White, No )
Massachusetts Mr. Holten, no
Mr. Gorham, no
Rhode Island Mr. Collins, No j
Mr. Arnold, No j
Connecticut Mr. Wolcott, Ay
Mr. Dyer, no
Mr. Floyd, no j
Mr. Hamilton, ay ]
Mr. Boudinot, ay
Mr. Elmer, ay
Mr; Condict, no
Mr. Mifflin, no J
Mr. Fitzsimmons, no >¦ No
Mr. Montgomery, no )
Mr. Carroll, ay
Mr. Jones, no
Mr. Madison, ay
Mr. Bland, no
Mr. Lee, no
Mr. Mercer, no
Mr. Hawkins, ay
Mr. Williamson, no
Mr. Rutledge, no \
Mr. Ramsay no
Mr. Izard, no
Mr. Gervais, no •'
So it passed in the Negative
On the question to agree to Mr. Lee's motion The yeas & nays being Required by
Mr. Lee
New Hampshire Mr. Giiman, no
Mr. White, ay
Massachusetts Mr. Holten, no ^
Mr. Gorham, no )

New York

New Jersey

Pennsylvania

Maryland
Virginia

North Carolina

South Carolina

No

Dd

No

divided.

70

Public Papers of George Clinton.

Rhode Island

• ay

Connecticut

New York

New Jersey

Pennsylvania

MarylandVirginia

North Carolina

South Carolina

)>No

ay

No

Mr. Collins, ay
Mr. Arnold, ay
Mr. Wolcott, no \
Mr. Dyer, no
Mr. Floyd, no
Mr. Hamilton, no
Mr. Boudinot, ay
Mr. Elmer, no
Mr. Condict, no
Mr. Mifflin, no \
Mr. Fitzsimmons, ay '
Mr. Wilson, no (
Mr. Montgomery, no )
Mr. Carroll, no
Mr. Jones, no ^
Mr. Madison, no
Mr. Bland, no
Mr. Lee, ay
Mr. Mercer
Mr. Hawkins, ay
Mr. Williamson, ay
Mr. Rutledge, no \
Mr. Ramsay, no (
Mr. Izard, no [
Mr. Gervais, ay ;
So it passed in the negative. _ _
Monday February 17th, 1783.
Congress resumed the Consideration of the report of the Committee on the report
of the Committee of the whole & the proceedings of the House Consequent thereto
and the same being debated by paragraphs to read as follows :
¦ " Whereas by the Articles of Confederation and perpetual Union, it is agreed and
declared that all charges of war & all other expenses for the Common defence or
general Welfare allowed by the United States in Congress Assembled shall be defrayed
out of a Common Treasury which shall be supplied by the several States in propor
tion to the Value of all Land within each State granted to or surveyed for any per
son as such land & the buildings and Improvements thereon shall be estimated
According to such mode as the United States in Congress Assembled shall from time
to time direct & appoint.
Resolved ihat the Legislature of each State be & they are hereby Required to take
such measures as shall be most Effectual for obtaining a just & accurate Account of
the Quantity of land in such state granted to or surveyed for any person, the
number of buildings thereon, distinguishing dwelling houses from other buildings,
and the number of its Inhabitants distinguishing white from black. That the
Legislature of each State be & they are hereby also required to cause the said
account to be transmitted & delivered to Congress on or before the first day of
January next, together with the name of such person as the said Legislature shall
chuse to be a Commissioner for estimating the Value of all the Lands in each of the
United States granted to or surveyed for any person & of the Buildings & Improve
ments thereon. That Congress will on the 2d day of January next, nominate by
ballot a Commissioner for every State which shall fall to nominate one or Whose
Commissioner shall not attend Congress on the said first day of January.
That a Commission shall there-upon be issued by Congress to the Persons so
nominated. Authorising & empowering them or any Nine of them Concurring in
Opinion to make a Just & true estimate of the Value of all the lands in each of
the United States granted to or surveyed for any person, & of the buildings &
improvements thereon, and to return Such Estimate to Congress to be subject to
their Examination & approbation.

Public Papers of George Clinton.

71

That the said Estimate when approved by Congress shall be a Rule for adjusting
all accounts between the United States & the Individual States; that is that each
State shall be debited for its just Quota or proportion on the principle aforesaid of
the money theretofore advanced or paid and of the Amount in value of the supplies
furnished by all the States for the Service of the United States and Credited for the
money advanced & the Amount In value of the supplies furnished by such State for
the Service of the United States. That the said Estimate shall operate for a term
not exceeding five years as a rule for apportioning on the several States the Sums
which Congress shall from time to time deem necessary and require to be raised
for supporting the public .Credit and Contingent Expences, and that the money
which shall be paid from time to time by any State Into the Continental Treasury
on Account of such Quota or Apportionment be duly passed to the credit of such
State on the said Account
On the Question to agree to this the Yeas and Nays being required by Mr. Bland :

New Hanipshire

Mr.

Mr.

Massachusetts

Mr.

Mr.

Rhode Island

Mr.

Mr.

Connecticut

Mr.

Mr.
New York
Mr.
Mr.
New Jersey
Mr.
Mr.
Mr.
Pennsylvania
Mr.
Mr.
Mr.
Maryland
Mr.
Virginia
Mr.
Mr.
Mr.
Mr.
Mr.
North Carolina
Mr.
Mr.
South Carolina
Mr.
Mr.
Mr.
an, ay )
;e, ay )
ay
.ay
¦ dd
Giiman
White,
Holten, ay
Graham, ay
Collins, no )
Arnold, ay )
Wolcott, no )
Dyer, ay f
Floyd, no )
„ ,,. >¦ no
Hamilton, no )
Boudinot, no )
Elmer, ay >¦ no
Condict, no )
Fitzsimmons, ay
Montgomery, ay
Peters, ay
Carroll, no
Jones, ay
Madison, no
Bland, ay
Lee, no
Mercer, ay
Hawkins, ay
Williamson, ay
Rutledge, ay
Izard, ay }¦ ay
Gervais, ay
So the Question was lost.
By the United States In Congress Assembled February 17, 1788.
A motion was made by Mr. Dyer Seconded by Mr. Mercer in the words following :
WHEREAS by the 8th Article of the Confederation and perpetual Union It is
agreed and declared that all Charges of War and all other expenses for the com
mon defence or general Welfare allowed by the United States in Congress Assembled
shall be defrayed out of a common Treasury which shall be supplied by the Several
States in proportion to the value of all Land within each State granted to or
surveyed for any person as such Land and the Buildings and Improvements
thereon shall be estimated according to such mode as the United States in Congress
Assembled shall from time to time direct and appoint.
RESOLVED That the Legislature of each State be and they are hereby required
to take such measures as shall appear to them most effectual for obtaining a just
72

"Public Papers of George Clinton.

and Accurate Account of the Quantity of Land in such State granted to or surveyed
for any person the number of Buildings thereon distinguishing Dwelling Houses
froit other Buildings, and the number of its Inhabitants distinguishing White from
Black. That the Legislature of each State be and they are hereby also required
to cause the said Account to be transmitted and delivered to Congress on or before
the first day of March 1784 & that Congress will on the Second day of March 1784,
or at their next sitting thereafter, appoint a Grand Committee consisting of a
Member present from each State to take into their consideration the said Returns,
any nine of whom concurring shall make a just and true Estimate of the value of
all the Lands in each of the United States granted to or surveyed for any person
and of the Buildings and Improvements thereon and shall report such Estimate to
Congress to be subject only to their Approbation or rejection. That the said
Estimate when appraised by Congress shall be a rule for adjusting all Accounts
between the United States and the Individual States, that Is, each State shall be
debited for its just Quota or proportion on the principle aforesaid of the money
theretofore advanced or paid, and of the Amount in value of the supplies furnished
by all the States for the Service of the United States and Credited for the money
advanced and the Amount in value of the supplies furnished by such State for the
Service of the United States. That the said estimate shall operate for a term not
exceeding five Years as a rule for Apportioning on the several States the sums
which Congress shall from time to time deem necessary and require to be raised
for supporting the public Credit and Contingent Expences, and that the Money
which shall be paid from time to time by any State into the Continental Treasury
on Account of such Quota or Apportionment shall be duly passed to the Credit of
such State on the said Account.
On the Question to agree to the said motion the Yeas & Nays being required by
Mr. Bland :

New Hampshire
Massachusetts Rhode Island
Connecticut
New York
New Jersey
Pennsylvania

Maryland Virginia

ay

ay

ay

North Carolina
South Carolina
So It was resolved in

Mr. Giiman, ay )
Mr. White, ay ) ^^
Mr. Holten, ay i
Mr. Gorham, ay j ^^
Mr. Collins, ay )
Mr. Arnold, ay )
Mr. Wolcott, ay
Mr. Dyer, ay
Mr. Floyd, no )
Mr. Hamilton, no )
Mr. Boudinot, ay 1
Mr. Elmer, ay >
Mr. Condict, ay )
Mr. Fitzsimmons, ay
Mr. Montgomery, ay
Mr. Peters, ay
Mr. Carroll, no
Mr. Jones, ay
Mr. Madison, no
Mr. Bland, ay
Mr. Lee, no
Mr. Mercer, ay
Mr. Hawkins, ay )
Mr. Williamson, ay (
Mr. Rutledge, ay
Mr. Izard, ay )- ay
Mr. Gervais, ay
the Affirmative.

ay

^ ay

ay

Public Papers of George Clinton. 73
[No. 4934.]
Colonel Floyd to Governor Clinton in Regard to Congressional
Legislation, Taxation and War Debts.
Philadelphia Feby 18th 1783.
Sir, I have been honoured with your Excellencies Letter of the
6th Instant by Mr. Livingston, and am much obliged for the In
formation you gave me Respecting the Business before our Legis
lature; And also for the Information Reporting the Conduct of
the people on the Grants.
Chittenden's Answer to the Resolves of Congress is with a Com
mittee, to whom I have Communicated the Information Contained
in your Excellencie's Letter. I shall Endeavour to make the most
of it. At this time a Majority of Congress seems to be of Differ
ent Sentiments Respecting those people from what they were Last
winter; three States who were in their favour then, are now
against them, yet seem to be afraid to Declare against them so
pointedly as I could wish.
As soon as the Committee Reports, and Congress Decides
thereon, what ever their Decision may be, I shall without Loss of
time. Advise your Excellency thereof, in order that if it should
not be so much in our favour as we could wish, our State may have
the Earliest opportunity of taking their own measures.
It still appears clear to me that a Compromise with New Hamp
shire will be a very proper step to be taken and I do hope that
our Legislature will before they Rise, do the needful on that Sub
ject, to meet the wishes of New Hampshire as Communicated in
their Letter to your Excellency last Summer.
Before this Reaches you, I have no Doubt that you will have
Reed the Speech of the King of Britain,* which tho it does not tell
* On the 5th day of December, 1782, the King opened the third session of the
fifteenth Parliament. The following extracts are taken from the speech he then
delivered to the Lords touching the situation in America.
" Since the close of the last session, I have employed my whole time in the care

74 Public Papers of George Clinton.
us that a general peace has taken place, yet it holds out the Great
est probability that it has taken place long before this day, and
hence we may Conclude that in the month of April we may again
and attention which the important and critical conjuncture of public affairs required
of me.
" I lost no time in giving the necessary orders to prohibit the further prosecution
of offensive war upon the continent of North America. Adopting, as my inclination
will always lead me to do, with decision and effect, whatever I collect to be the
sense of my Parliament and my people, I have, pointed all my views and measures,
as well in Europe as in North America, to an entire and cordial reconciliation with
those colonies.
" Finding it indispensable to the attainment of this object, I did not hesitate
to go the full length of the powers vested in me, and offered to declare them free
and independent States, by an article to be inserted in the treaty of peace. Pro
visional articles' are agreed upon, to take effect whenever terms of peace shall be
finally settled with the Court of Prance.
" In thus admitting their separation from the crown of these kingdoms, I have
sacrificed every consideration of my own to the wishes and opinion of my people.
I make it my humble and earnest prayer to Almighty God, that Great Britain may
not feel the evils which might result from so great a dismemberment of the
empire ; and that America may be free from those calamities which have formerly
proved in the mother country, how essential monarchy Is to the enjoyment of
constitutional liberty. Religion, language, interest, affections may, and I hope
will, yet prove a bond of permanent union between the two countries : to this end,
neither attention nor disposition on my part shall be wanting.
" While I have carefully abstained from all offensive operation in America, I
have directed my whole force by land and sea against the other powers at war,
with as much vigour as the situation of that force, at the commencement of the
campaign, would permit. I trust that you feel the advantages resulting from the
safety of the great branches of our trade. You must have seen, with pride and
satisfaction, the gallant defence of the governor and the garrison of Gibraltar ;
and my fleet, after having effected the object of their destination, offering battle
to the combined force of Prance and Spain on their own coasts ; those of my
kingdoms have remained at the same time perfectly secure, and your domestic
tranquillity uninterrupted. This respectable state, under the blessing of God,
I attribute to the entire confidence and subsists between me and my people, and
to the readiness which has been shown by my subjects in my city of London, and
in other parts of my kingdom, to stand forth In the general defence. Some proofs
have lately been given of public spirit in private men, which would do honour
to any age and any country.
" Having manifested to the whole world, by the most lasting examples, the
signal spirit and bravery of my people, I conceived It a moment not unbecoming
my dignity, and thought It a regard due to the lives and fortunes of such brave
and gallant subjects, to show myself ready on my part to embrace fair and honour
able terms of accommodation with all the powers at war.
" I have the satisfaction to acquaint you that negotiations to this effect are
considerably advanced, the result of which, as soon as they are brought to a
conclusion, shall be immediately communicated to you.
" I have every reason to hope and believe, that I shall have it in my power In a
very short time to acquaint you, that they have ended in terms of pacification,
which, I trust, you will see just cause to approve. I rely, however, with perfect
confidence on the wisdom of my parliament, and the spirit of my people, that if
any unforeseen change in the dispositions of the belligerent powers should frustrate
my confident expectations, they will approve of the preparations I have thought
It advlseable to make, and be ready to second the most vigorous efforts In the
further prosecution of the war."

Public Papers of George Clinton. 75
be in possession of our Capital (a most Desireable Event to the
Refugees of our State). We are in hourly Expectation of a full
and an Official Confirmation of the News of peace, tho there still
Remains a possibility that it may not happen, which holds us in
a very disagreeable State of Suspence.
Congress have for sometime been Endeavouring to Devise some
mode for Establishing funds for the payment of the Interest of
All the Debts Due from those States, and altho it is very Dis
couraging, to Attempt a Business of that Kind after knowing the
Backwardness of some of the States to Comply with anything
that will have that effect. Congress are Determined, to, so far do
their Duty, as to point out our Situation And what appears to be
the most proper measures to be taken under those Circumstances,
and if the States will not on their parts, do what is necessary for
the Restoration of public Credit and the doing of Justice, the
fault will be with them and not with us.
The Impost of five per Cent with some variation will again be
Recommended and I believe some others of a similar Nature. The
Necessity and propriety of them we shall Endeavor to Impress
on the States. We have Yesterday passed Resolutions Attempting
to Carry in Effect the Eighth Article of the Confederation, and as
they are passed, they are Disagreeable to me, for I think they will
not Opporate Justly for our State which has been so long, so much,
in the power of the Enemy, but they were Carried against us by a
great Majority. I expect they will be transmited to the several
States with some other Matters now under Consideration as soon
as they are Determined on.
I am Sorry to be under the necessity of mentioning to your
Excellency anything that Relates particularly to my Self, Tho two
hundred pounds which your Excellency forwarded me through

76 Public Papers of George Clinton.
Colo. Hay I have Reed and it is Expended, and as I do not Expect
I can goe from here till some time In April, it will be absolutely
Necessary that I have about one^ hundred and fifty pounds to
Remove me from this place to My place of Aboad. I wrote to Mr.
Lhommedieu that I thought one hundred would Carry me to April,
But I am now fully Convinced it will not; therefore, must Beg
your Excellencie's Interposition in my favour for the above sum.
But if it should so happen that I cannot be furnished with the
means for my Expenses, I will be much obliged to your Excellency-
to Notify me as soon as possible, that I may get from this Expen
sive place before I am too far Involved.
My daughters are in good health and wish their Compliments
to yourself Mrs. Clinton and the Children.
From, Sir, your most Obedt and humble Servt. Wm. Floyd

[No. 4935.]
For the Adjustment of Financial Obligations Between the States
and the Federal Government.
BY THE united STATES IN CONGRESS ASSEMBLED. February 12th, 1783.
RESOLVED That it is the Opinion of Congress that the Establishment of per
manent and adequate Funds on Taxes or Duties, which shall operate generally and
on the whole in just Proportion throughout the United States are indispensibly
necessary towards doing complete Justice to the public Creditors, for restoring
public Credit and for providing for the future exigencies of the War
February 17th, 1783
WHEREAS by the 8th Article of the Confederation and perpetual Union it is
agreed and declared, that all Charges of War and all other Expences for the
Common Defence or general Welfare allowed by the United States in Congress
Assembled shall be defrayed out of a common Treasury which shall be supplied
by the Several States in Proportion to the Value of all Land within each State
granted to or surveyed for any Person as such Land and the Buildings and Improve
ments thereon shall be estimated according to such Mode as the United States in
Congress Assembled shall from time to time direct and appoint.
RESOLVED That the Legislature of each State be and they are hereby required
to take such Measures as shall appear to them most effectual for obtaining a Just
and accurate Account of the Quantity of Land in such State granted to or surveyed
for any Person the number of Buildings thereon distinguishing dwelling Houses

Public Papers op George Clinton. 77
from other Buildings, and the number of Its Inhabitants distinguishing White from
Black. That the Legislature of each State be and they are hereby also required
to cause the said Account to be transmitted and delivered to Congress on or before
the first day of March 1784 and that Congress will on the second Day of March
1784 or at their next Sitting thereafter appoint a grand Committee, consisting
of a Member present from each State to take into their Consideration the said
Returns any nine of whom concurring shall make a just and true Estimate of the
Value of all the Lands in each of the United States granted to or surveyed for any
Person and of the Buildings and Improvements thereon and shall report such
Estimate to Congress to be Subject only to their Approbation or Rejection. That
the said Estimate when approved by Congress shall be a Rule for adjusting all
Accounts between the United States and the Individual States, that is, each State
shall be debited for its just Quota or Proportion on the Principle aforesaid of the
Money theretofore advanced or Paid and of the Amot. in Value of the Supplies
furnished by all the States for the Service of the United States and Credited for
the Money advanced and the Amount in Value of the Supplies furnished by such
State for the Service of the United States. That the said Estimate shall operate
for a Time not exceeding Five Years as a. Rule for apportioning on the several States
the Sums which Congress shall from time to time deem necessary and require to
be raised for supporting the public Credit and contingent Expences, and that the
Money which shall be paid from time to time by any State into the Continental
Treasury on Account of such Quota or Apportionment shall be duly passed to tho
Credit of such State on the said Account. February 18th, 1783.
ORDERED that the Superintendent of Finance lay before Congress an Estimats
¦of the Principal of the Public Debt to the first Day of January 1783 specifying the
foreign Debt, the Pay due to the Army, the Debt due on Loan OfBce Certificates,
the Debt due on liquidated Accounts for which Certificates are Issued and also
the supposed Amount of the unliquidated Debt.
ORDERED That the Superintendent of the Finances, the Agent of Marine and
the Secretary at War and the Secretary for foreign Affairs as it shall relate to
their respective Offices lay before Congress an Account of the Names and Titles
of all Officers and others employed in the civil List Department and in the civil &
Military Staff and also of all Jlinisters however denominated which are employed
a.broad under the Authority of the United States specifying in what State or King
dom such Officers reside, and also what Pay or Salary is annexed to each of their
respective Offices and likewise an Account of all grants of half Pay and of any
gratuity or Sum of Money or Allowance for expences or for any other matter to
any Officers or others for past Services which are not included in their Pay Estab
lishment Chas. Thomson, Secy.

[No. 4936.]
Robert R. Livingston Complains to the Governor of the Expense
and Dissipation of Philadelphia — Speculation in New York
Real Estate. Philadelphia, 19th Deer 1783 [Feb. 19.]
D Sir, I arrived here on Tuesday night after an agreeable
journey of three days ; ever since my arrival we have been amused
with different accounts of an approaching peace. As the general

78 Public Papers op George Clinton.
complection of our foreign politics renders this event highly prob
able, it is our duty to prepare for it. Among other things it will
be necessary to extend our restrictions upon commerce only to
the continuance of hostilities, unless we mean to let our capital
drain it of the wealth & commodities which afford the only, tho'
an inadequate compensation for our losses ; — permission shd. also
be given to hire or purchase ships there.
A great scarcity of grain prevails in Europe; much will be
wanted in the West Indies, the merchants here are already pre
paring for those markets. I hope no impediments will be thrown
in the way of our languishing commerce.
I believe I have mentioned to your Excellency the propriety of
setting aside a part of the houses in New York for public pur
poses ; the rent of them if the seat of Government should continue
on the North of the Highlands will greatly ease the burdens of
supporting the government— as well as lessen the salaries if they
are obliged to reside in town. I am the more anxious for this as
I find the Eagle Eyes of speculation have already marked the best
of them for their own, and as some of these who have fastened on
the spoils of the public, have a strong interest in the legislature,
I expect that efforts will be made for an immediate disposition of
this property.
As you receive the papers by the post I write you no news. If
the letter of the 3d Deer, from Mr. Townsend is genuine, it is a
proof that the Articles of Peace are not unfavourable to us, our
Commissioners would otherwise have delayed this signature.
The official papers you talked of sending from Vermont, so far
as they amount to a denial of the right of Congress to interfere
in their affairs, have been transmitted by themselves, so that the
cause is I think fairly at issue, tho' I still believe that many delays
will be interposed before it comes to trial.

St. Paul's Chuech, New Yobk Citt, 1800.

Public Papers of George Clinton. 79
Tell Mr. Tappen that tho' I have not had, much leisure to Con
verse with Congress on their affair, I have some grounds to hojie
that it may succeed, if the offer is immediately made, as the most
considerate among the members begin to be sick of the expence &
dissipation of this place. Not a moment sh'd be lost as similar
offers will I am informed be made by Maryland.
Excuse the marks of haste & carelessness which this carries with
it & view both as a proof of my relyance upon your indulgence.
I am Dr Sir, with greatest respect & esteem Your Excellency's
Most Obt Hum Servt Rob R. Livingston.
His Excellency Gov. Clinton

[No. 4942.]
Governor Clinton to William Floyd Regarding the Temper of the
Army Toward the Vermonters— He Disparages the Prowess
of His Neighbors and Believes the Time is Ripe for Find
Decision. Kingston, 23d Febraary 1783.
Dear Sir, Having a Moment to spare It is with Pleasure I
embrace it to mention a few Matters to you which might not be
so proper in my public Despatches that will be delivered to you
by the Bearer, Major Shattuck. I observe from the Communica
tions which have been made me that an Opinion prevails among
Members of Congress & I conclude not a little Pains have been
taken to propagate it, that the Army would with Reluctance
engage in any Coerceive Measures for inforcing Obedience to the
Decision of Congress agt Vermont. This Idea you may rest
assured is a false one. I mention this that j'ou may contradict
it with Confidence. This Assertion is not founded on mere
opinion. I have made it my Business to Acquire by every Justi
fiable Measures, Information on this Subject & I am persuaded

80 Public Papers of George Clinton.
the Bulk of the Army & even many of those who were formerly
Advocates in Favour of the Vermonters, believe the Leaders
Traitors to the American Cause that ought to be subdued & pun
ished & even if this was not the Case, the Army would conceive it
to be their Duty to compel Obedience to the Decrees of Congress.
The Discipline of our Army is too perfect to admit a doubt of this.
In the next Place notwithstanding how formidable these People
have been represented & the Dangers which have been app'rehended
on Attempts to subdue them From some late Circumstances, I am
more & more convinced that on a final Decision, all Ideas of Resist
ance would vanish — at most the putting in Motion of a very small
Force would be sufficient to induce the bulk of the People to Sub
mission. The most Guilty of their Leaders would take Refuge in
Canada. Their Conduct when two in all Detachments of the Rhode Island
Regt stationed at Saraghtoga were sent in among them last Winter
for Deserters, & lately when a Detachment of the same Regt was
under marching Orders & they apprehended might be against
them, afford strong Evidence of their pusillanimity, as well as
that they will not be able to engage the People in Resistance, For
with Paramount Efforts on the last mentioned Occasion & they
were seriously alarmed, they were able if my Information is true,
& I believe it is, by every Exertion they could make to collect only
about three hundred Men.
And at this period, a Magistrate of this State in that Quarter
several of the Inhabitants who had always been Zealous New
States Men, came secretly to him for Protection. Indeed different
Persons in whose veracity I can perfectly confide, assure me that
they have not a Doubt but the smallest Continental Regt in our
Army would at this Moment have struck such Terror among them
as to Command perfect Submission, & this I am the more inclined

Public Papers op George Clinton. 81
to Credit, as my Informant formerly entertained a high Opinion
of their Prowess & wished their Independance.
Another matter I am informed creates much uneasiness among
them; they have lately been making some Measurations to ascer
tain where a twenty Mile paralel with the General Course of Hud-
sons River will run, & have dfiscovered it would leave Benington
Meeting House & the greater half of all that first Tier of Towns
to the Westward of it so that the most favorable Overtures which
they ever extorted from Congress would in this Case be unac
ceptable. I am persuaded every Circumstance points out the
present as the Moment most favourable for a final Decision & it
will be repeated & delayed ; besides if Peace takes Place it may be
then impracticable.
I have not heard a Word from Nicoll since the Arrival of Mr.
LHommedieu, but through him and as he writes you by the present
Opportunity he doubtless will give you the Situation of his Health
to his Dispatches.
I must also refer you for the Business of the Legislature & other
Information. With best Respects to the Young Ladies I am Dr
Sir Yours Sincerely
G C
Colo. Floyd 
[No. 4952.]
Congress Negatives a Resolution that Discriminated in Favor of
New York.
The United States in Congress Assembled. March 4, 1783.
A Motion was made by Mr. Hamilton Seconded by Mr. Floyd
" WHEREAS in the opinion of Congress it is essential to those
principles of justice and liberality which ought to govern the inter-

82

Public Papers op George Clinton.

course between these States that in the final adjustment of
Accounts for the Supplies or Contributions of the States respec
tively towards the common expences in the course of the War,
equitable allowances should be made in favour of those States
parts of which have been at different periods in possession of the
Enemy. AND, WHEREAS, the (Strict application of the rule prescribed
by the 8th Article of the Confederation as declared by the Resolu
tion of the 17th of February would operate greatly to the preju
dice of such States, and to the Calamities of War add an undue
proportion of the public burthen ;
RESOLVED. That Congress will in the application of the said
rule make such abatements in favour of the said States, as from a
full consideration of Circumstances, as shall appear to them just
and equitable for the time the said parts of the said States may
have been in possession of the Enemy."
On the question to agree to the foregoing Motion the Yeas and
Nays being required by Mr. Hamilton :
New Hampshire Mr. Giiman, no
Mr. White, no
Massachusetts Mr. Holten, no
Mr. Osgood, no
Mr. Gorham, no
Mr. Higginson, no
Rhbde Island Mr. Collins, ay
Connecticut Mr. Wolcott, no
Mr. Dyer, no
New York Mr. Floyd, ay
Mr. Hamilton, ay

V no

no

;--bo

a.y

Public Papers of George Clinton.

83

New Jersey

Pennsylvania

Maryland

Virginia

North Carolina
South Carolina

yno

^Dd

J^no

Mr. Boudinot, no
Mr. Clark, no
Mr. Condict, no
Mr. Miflfiin, no
Mr. Fitzsimmons, ay
Mr. Montgomery, no
Mr. Peters, ay
Mr. T. S. Lee, no
Mr. Carroll, no
Mr. Hemsley, no
Mr. Jones, no
Mr. Madison, no
Mr. Bland, no
Mr. Lee, no
Mr. Mercer, no
Mr. Hawkins, no
Mr. Williamson, no
Mr. Rutledge, no
Mr. Izard, no,
Mr. Gervais, no
Extract from the Minutes, Geo. Bond, Dept. Secy.
So it passed in the negative.

>-no

no

>no

, [No. 4953.]
Messrs. Floyd and Hamilton Report to Governor Clinton Recent
Congressional Proceedings Beanng Upon Equalization of State
Taxation for the Support of the Federal Government.
Philadelphia March 5th, 1788.
Sir, Mr. Hamilton having transmitted your Excellency the late
proceedings of Congress for Carrying the 8th Article of the Con-

84 Public Papers of George Clinton.
federation into execution by which the Legislature will see the
part we Acted in this affair. They will not be at a Loss for our
motives ; and we hope will not disapprove them. Our opposition
to the first plan proposed was founded principally on the Con
sideration that it left the Interested partys Judge in their own
Cause, might have produced great injustice and inequality and
would in all probability have excited great Jealousies between the
Respective States. We Dissented from the Second plan chiefly
because we did not perceive that it afforded sufficient data to
make the valuations upon and because it applied the 8th Article
of the Confederation in Such a manner as would have produced
great Injustice to the State of New York, and others in similar
circumstances by Charging us with our proportion of the past
Contributions of the States, according to our future ability when
the Valuation shall be made.
After this plan was Resolved upon; we Introduced a motion
to Call a Second time upon the different States to vest Congress
with a power of making equitable abatements agreeable to the
Resolution of the 20th Feby. 1781.
This was committed and an unfavourable Report made, which
together with the Original motion was postponed.
We renewed the motion in a something different form, which
has been negatived by a Large majority. We have the honour to
enclose the motion and the Votes upon it. Different motives
operated in the Dismission. Many were opposed to the principle,
and others wished to postpone till this matter with many others
could be taken up on a general plan.
Your Excellencys Letter by Mr. Shattuck has been read in
Congress and with the papers accompanying it Committed to the
same Committee which has before them, the Remonstrance from

Public Papers of George Clinton. 85
Chittenden. We need not assure you that we shall pay all the
attention in our power to a matter so Interesting to the State,
which however we are obliged to see postponed to the Considera
tion of funds for Restoring the Credit of the United States, which
now Occupies the first Attention of Congress.
We are. Sir, with the Greatest Respect your Excellencys most
Obedt. and humble Servts,

His Excellency Governor Clinton.

Wm. Floyd
Alex Hamilton.

[No. 4963.]
Robert Morris Authorizes the Paymaster-General to Settle Army
Accounts with the Several States.
Office of Finance 15th March 1783
Sir, By an Act of the United States in Congress Assembled. of the twenty fifth
of January last, It is Resolved that the several States be called upon to compleat
without Delay the Settlements with their respective Lines of the Army up to the
first Day of August 1780, and that the Superintendent of Finance be directed to
take such measures as shall appear to him most proper for effecting the Settlement
from that Period.
Among the various Modes of doing this Business which have been suggested
the appointing you to perform it, was one and I have preferred it for the following
Reasons :
First, Because it will spare the necessity of appointing new Officers for the
Purpose which is by no means agreable to me when it can be avoided.
Secondly, Because more of the necessary Materials are already in your Posse.sslon
than in that of any other Person.
Thirdly, Because the access to public offices and official Returns is already open
to you from the Confidential Nature of your Department.
Fourthly, Because you have hitherto been accurate in your own Accounts.
Fifthly, Because I have Reason to confide in your Integrity, and
Sixthly, Because on conferring with the Comptroller of the Treasury he con
ceived your appointment to be the most eligible Mode. It was for th(!se Retisons
that 1 was induced to make you the offer which you have verbally assured me you
would accept. Having, therefore, considered as well of the Mode of doin:; the
Business as of the Person by whom it was to be done, I do hereby Authorize,
empower and instruct you to proceed with all proper dispatch to the settlement of
the Accounts of the arrearages of Pay due to the Army, subsequently to the first
day of August in the Year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and Eighty.
In the Course of this Business you will attend to the following oDjects :
First, To call all those to account who have been entrusted with public Money
for the Recruiting Service or for Pay and make due Return to the Treasury of
Balances due to the United States.

86 Public Papers of George Clinton.
Secondly, To settle and determine the Sums due to the OlBcers of the Army
respectively for their Arrearages of Pay in old Money to the 1st of August 1780
and for Arrearages of Subsistence from 1st June 1778 to the 1st August 1780
reducing the Money received on Account to real Value according to the actual
Depreciation at the Time and place of Payment.
Thirdly, To settle and determine the Balances due to every OClcer and Soldier
for the Time which elapsed between the 1st of August 1780 and tho 1st of January
1782 and also the like Balances for the Year 1782.
Fourthly, You will take care that your Books shall show In one View the whole
Pay of the Army and the aggregate Sum of Advances and of Balances still due for
which purpose you will make Regimental Settlements as t':ir as Circumstances will
permit. Fifthly, You will take care to have the Regimental Accounts certified by the
Paymasters and officers commanding the Regiments whi.'uever it can be done. You
will cheek these again by the Musters whenever you caa obtain them, and finally
>on will check them by the general Returns of the Army.
Sixthly, You will take care also to Carry to the Debit of the Several Accounts,
all Advances either of Money or Property, made by the several States or from
the Public Departments. I shall apply to the several States to transmit you
accounts of their advances and you will be pleased to ca'l on all public officers
in the several Departments for the same Purpose in Virtue of this your Appointment.
Seventhly, You will from Time to Time transmit the Accounts to the Treasury
to be entered of Record so that proper Certificates may be Issued If necessary.
You will consider. Sir, that on this Occasion you are .entrusted with the Prop
erty of your Country and with the Claims of a worthy and Valuable Part of your
fellow Citizens. A sense of this Duty will I hope and believe actuate and Inspire
your Conduct so as to merit the Applause of the Wise and Virtuous. Before you
enter on the Duties you will make Oath before a Civil Magistrate "That you will
well and faithfully, according to the best of your Skill and Understanding, without
Fear, Pavor, Partiality or Affection, do your Duty as the Commissioner appointed
by the Superintendent of the Finances of the United States, to settle the Accounts
of the Army and to determine the Balances due to the Officers and Soldiers
respectively " and you will return me a Certificate of the taking of this Oath.
I am. Sir, Your most obedient & humble Servant
„ „ ^ „ , (Robt. Morris).
Pay Master General.

[No. 4965.]
Governor CUnton Receives the Articles of Peace from Colonel
Floyd — England's Solicitude for the Loyalists.
Philadelphia, March 17th, 1783.
Dear Sir, Since writing to your Excellency by the last post in
which I mentioned the Arrival of our packet from France with
Dispatches, and amongst other things the Articles to be Inserted
in the Treaty for a General Peace (when that shall take place)
as agreed to, and signed on the part of our Commissions and

Public Papers op George Clinton. 87
those of Great Britain, and as they are now made public I do my
Self the pleasure to Inclose them to you.
As to the Boundaries Contained in the Articles, they are not
Quite so well in the Northwest part of the United States as we
could wish, but I believe, and it is generally thought here, that
they are as Extensive as we had any Reason to Expect, Consider
ing our Circumstances; as to the fishery, and the Navigation of
the River Missipia, which are two very Important objects, they
are settled to Satisfaction.
As to the Articles Concerning the Tories, if it was Really In
tended as it is Expressed, that Congress should Recommend to
the Several States the Restoration of the Tory property (I mean
If they should be serious in such a Recommendation, and the
States should be serious in Complying with it) we should be
Involved in very Great Difficulties Indeed; but I am Clearly of
Opinion, and I believe most Every one here is of the Same, who
have seen the Letters from our Ministers, that it was done in
order that the king of Britain and his ministers might say to the
Tories, that they had attended to their Interest as far as Lay in
their power on the Settlement of a peace.
Soon after the Negotiation was opened, Mr. Oswald* among
other things, proposed to our Commissioners, that the Tories
* Richard Oswald, a Scotch gentleman, " of benevolence " was Introduced to
Franklin by Henry Laurens who after thirty years experience had found him " a very
sensible, honest man." One of Mr. Oswald's intimates was Adam Smith. Mr.
Oswald, who represented the English Minister, Lord Shelburnp at first proposed
to Franklin to make a separate peace with America but Franklin opposed that idea
as being Impracticable. So far as negotiations were concerned, Mr. Oswald
throughout displayed the strongest Interest in and sympathy for the Americans.
He agreed with Franklin that England rather than America should compensate
the Loyalists for the financial losses they incurred. He also expressed the opinion
that Canada should be ceded to the United States " as it would prevent the
occasions of fntnre difference and as the government of such a country was worth
nothing and of no Importance if they could have there a free commerce." Lord
Shelburne and the Marquis of Rockingham " though they spoke reservedly," did
not seem averse to it but Charles James Pox appeared to be startled at the propo
sition. — Statb HlSTOmAN.

88 Public Papers of George Clinton.
should be Compensated for the Confiscations which had been
made Among us. Our Ministers gave them for Answer, that it
could not be done; that they had no power to agree to any such
thing, nor had Congress any Authority to give them such powers ;
that it was a matter that Related Soally to the Internal Regula
tions of the Several States; that great part of the property was
Alienated and out of the possession of the public, and that it
would be utterly impossible to Raise Taxes on a Country which
had Suffered so much Distress; for the purpose of Compensating
the authors of their Distresses.
These Reasons appeared to satisfie Mr. Oswald so that he said
no more on the Subject; but in the Course of the Negociations,
he found it necessary to go to England, and after he Returned, he
urged that an Article should be imported in favour of the Loyal
ists, and. Notwithstanding, our Ministers assured him that no
advantage would arise to the Tories from it, yet he Insisted on
it; they Informed him that if Congress should Recommend it to
the States many months would elapse Befoi*e the Several Legis
latures could meet on the Subject, and when they did, they would
all Reject the propositions; but for some Reasons our Commis
sioners Agreed that it should be Inserted.
On my Return from here, which will be in a few Days, I shall
make a point of Seeing Governor Livingston for the purposes
mentioned in Mr. Lhommedieu's Letter. I shall not probably be
here Long Enough to Receive a Letter from your Excellency after
you have Reed this. But I shall write you on my way to the North
ward. I would write to Mr. Lhommedieu, but Expect he will be
gone to Connecticut before this Reaches you, I shall write to him
in Connecticut by the next post. By my last Letter from Nicoll
he mentions that his fever Continues on him and that he was in

Public Papers of George Clinton. 89
a very Low, weak State. I am under distressing Apprehensions
for him.
Since writing the above, Colo. Hamilton has Concluded to Joyn
me in Enclosing the Articles, and as we have But one printed
Copy have Inclosed it in our Joynt letter.
With the Greatest Respect I am. Sir, your most obedt. and
humble Servt Wm. Floyd.
His Excellency Governor Clinton.

[No. 4969.]
Robert R. Livingston Skeptical of Great Britain's Desire for
Peace, and so Notifies the Governor.
Philadelphia, 18th March 1783,
Circular Sir, Congress a few days since directed me to transmit to
your Excellency, a copy of the provisional Treaty for a peace
between the United States and Great Britain; I should have
done it at an earlier day without any particular direction, had
not an order passed in Congress for furnishing the Delegates of
each State with a Copy, that it might be transmitted thro' them.
In conformity to the second direction, I have the honor to
enclose a Copy, tho' I have no doubt, that I have been already
anticipated by .that forwarded by the Delegates of your State,
Yet, Sir, this Letter may not be entirely useless, when it assures
you, that the conclusion of the Treaty is still very uncertain — •
my public Letters are of such a nature as not to free me from
apprehensions, that Britain still seeks rather to divide her
Enemies, than to be reconciled to them; tho' this suspicion may
not perhaps be well founded, yet such conduct Js so conformable
to the general Tenor of British Councils, to the Character of

90 Public Papers op George Clinton.
the King, and his first Minister, that it is at least the part of
prudence to be upon our guard against it.
But whatever their Intentions may be, the peace must still
depend upon so many contingencies that no preparation for
another Campaign should be omitted on our part. None is
neglected by our Antagonists. They have voted one hundred and
ten thousand seamfen for the ensuing year. France continues her
preparations, and will not close the war, till she can obtain hon
orable Terms for her Allies; but little progress was made in their
negotiations when my Letters were written. Count de Vergennes
has thought it prudent to advise Congress of this Circumstance,
that they might be prepared for every Event. I communicate
it to your Excellency with similar views, I doubt not you will
avail yourself of this information to urge the State in which
you preside to take such measures, that they may not be found
unprovided in case our hopes of should be frustrated.
It would give me pleasure to learn the measures that have
been adopted in consequence of the requisitions made in my
Letters to your Excellency at different periods relative to my
Department, and more particularly to receive the Accounts so
frequently called for of the damage done by the Enemy in your
State. I have reason to think had it been furnished in time,
it might have been of singular use to our Ministers, and perhaps
tended to obtain some relief for the Sufferers. It may not yet
come too late to be useful. Let me pray Your Excellency to take
measures for furnishing three authentic Copies by the earliest
opportunity. I have the honor to be with great Respect, Your Excellency's
most obedt. humble Servant Rob R. Livingston
His Excellency Govr Clinton.

Public Papers of George Clinton. 91
[No. 4970.]
The Governor Mistrusts that Robert Livingston's Letters to Him
Have Fallen into Improper Hands.
Kingston, 19th March 1783.
Dear Sir, I have but a Moment to acknowledge the Receipt
of your Favour of the 5th & 12th of March. Those are the only
Letters of yours I have received since you left this, tho' by the
former I observe you mention your having wrote to me before,
& I am informed a Letter of yours addressed to the Trustees of
Kingston refers to some Communications you shou'd have made
to me respecting their Affairs. I wish, therefore, to be informed
of the Contents of the Letter alluded to & particularly to what
Conveyance it was entrusted as I am apprehensive it may have
fallen into Hands who designedly detain it & may make ill use
of it.
The Business respecting the Office of Chancellor remains in
the same situation as when the Chief Justice wrote you on that
subject. From what I can learn (tho my Opportunities are not
the best) it is the prevailing Opinion in the Senate & even of
those who you informed me expressed to you a very different
Sentimient that that Office is vacant. It is also believed the.
Subject will be reaeumed & decided upon there before the rising
of the Legislature.
The Legislature had nearly compleated the Business before
them & was preparing to adjourn when your Letter of the 12th
came to Hand but the Intelligence which you was so oblidging
as to communicate points out the Necessity of some new Meas
ures which will keep them together some Days longer. The 5th
& 6th Articles of the Preliminaries (as you supposed) are not
well relished & the whole Transaction seems to Place Peace at

92 Public Papers op George Clinton.
a greater Distance than it was generally supposed to be by our
Politicians in this Quarter. With most respectful Compliments
to Mrs. Livingston Believe me. Dear Sir, with great Esteem Your
most obedt Servt G. C.
The Honble R. R. Livingston.

[No. 4971.]
Governor Clinton Makes a Bid to Establish the National Capital
at Kingston. Kingston, 20th March, 1783
Sir, I have the Honor to transmit to your Excellency An Act
of the Corporation of Kingston & joint Resolutions of both Houses
of the Legislature of this State, respecting a fixed Residence and
an Exempt Jurisdiction for the Accomodation of Congress. These
Papers are accompanied by a Map of which will point out the
Situation & Extent of the Corporate Lands. These Charter
Bights are ample.
Without entering into the Merits of the Proposition as it
respects the Honorable the Congress or this State, it is my Duty
to declare that the Zealous and uniform Efforts of the Inhabitants
of Kingston in the Cause of Liberty and the Calamities whicb
they have suffered from the Vengeance of Britain avowedly for
their distinguished Patriotism entitle them to Consideration, and
it is with great Pleasure that I submit their Wishes to the Atten
tion of Congress.
I have the Honor to be. Sir, with great Esteem & Respect your
Excellencys Most Obedt Servt. Geo Clinton
His Excellency The Presidt of Congress.

Public Papers of George Clinton. 93
[No. 4978.]
Recall of Cruisers Consequent Upon the Prospect of Peace.
Marine Office, 25th March 1783
Circular. Sir, I do myself the Honor to enclose an Ordinance
of the United States in Congress Assembled of the fourth Instant
as also an Order issued for the Recall of all Cruizers commis
sioned by them. This is in Consequence of the Intelligence of
Peace on which happy Event permit me to express to your Excel
lency my sincere Congratulations.
With perfect Respect I have the Honor to be. Sir, Your Excel
lency's Most obedient & humble Servant Robt. Morris.
His Excellency The Govr. of New York.

[No. 4979.]
Official Announcement of Peace — Evacuation of New York Dis
cussed by Colonel Floyd to Governor Clinton — Outlook for Real
Estate Speculation in New York. Philadelphia, March 25th 1783.
Dear Sir, On the 23d the Vessel arrived with the Intelligence
that the Preliminary Articles for a General Peace was Signed at
Paris the 20th Jan'y. On the Verbal accounts which we Reed
from on board the Vessel before she could get up to the town with
her Dispatches, Mr. Cartor was Sending an Express to Wads
worth, which I got knowledge of two Minutes before he went of,
in which time I wrote your Excellency a line on the Subject.
Yesterday in our Joynt Letter we were Something more particular.
In this I have the honour to Inclose to your Excellency a Copy of
the Marquise's Letter to our Secretary of foreign Affairs, and the

94 Public Papers of George Clinton.
Articles Sent by him, with the passport or Instructions given by
Count D'Estaing to the Captain which brought the Intelligence.
The Marquis being at Cadiz nearly Ready to sail with the
Count D'Estaing for the West Indies, on the Signing of the
Articles at Paris, Express was sent to Cadiz to stop them, his
Attention to and anxiety for this Country induced him to solicit
the Count for a Vessel to bring us the Intelligence, which was
readily Granted.
In order to Save the lives and Vessels of the people we have
thought proper to Direct the Secretary of Foreign Affairs to Send
to Genl. Carlton, a Copy of Count d'Estaing's Instructions, with
the Other Intelligence which we have Reed, and to propose to him
that all Hostilities Should Cease and the Cruisers on both sides
Should be Called in. Mr. Lewis Morris is sent to New York on the
Business. Altho it is important to us that we Should be in possession of
our Capital, I fear that many weeks will elapse before the Event
can take place. However Inclin'd the Enemy may be to Remove,
I expect the want of transports will prevent them for sometime
yet to come— in this Situation if there should be an [open] Com
munication into New Y'ork, great speculation would be Carried on
perhaps to the Injury of our State if your Excellency by Agree
ment with Genl Carlton Could form a Regulation that would pre
vent it, it might be attended with very Salutary Effects.
Great numbers in this town are forming plans to go into New
York on Speculation. I hope such steps will be taken on the part
of our State as will Effectually Defeat them.
With the greatest Respect I am your Excellencys most obedt.
and humble Servt. W;m. Floyd.
His Excellency Governor Clinton.

Public Papers op George Clinton. 95
[No. 4980.]
FRANCE LOANS US |1,200,000.
Negotiations Conducted by Franklin — Correspondence Over the
Transaction. Office of Finance, 25th March 1783
Circular Sir, I do myself the Honor to enclose for your Excellency's
Perusal the Copy of a Letter of the seventeenth Instant to Con
gress and of its Enclosures as also of a Letter of the twenty third
of December from Mr. Franklin which is referred to in it.
I have the Honor, to be. Sir, Your Excellencys Most Obedient &
humble Servant Robt Morris.
His Excellency The Governor of New York.

Robert Morris to the President of Congress.
Office of Finance 17th March 1783.
Sir, I do myself the Honor to enclose the Copy of a Letter of
the fourteenth of Deer, last from Mr. Franklin, and the Transla
tion of a Letter of the fifteenth Instant from the Chevalier de la
Luzerne. These together with the letter of the twenty third of
December from Mr. Franklin of which I have already submitted
a Copy will I trust claim the attention of the United States.
Monsieur de la Luzerne did me the Honor to make verbal Com
munication of the Count de Vergenne's Letters from which as
well as from those of Mr. Franklin and from other Circumstances,
I consider it as certain that we are to expect no farther pecuniary
Aid from Europe. So late as on the ninth of December last, the
Loan in Holland had not amounted to eighteen hundred thousand
Florins, and after the Deduction of the Charges on it there were
not above seventeen hundred thousand at my disposal.

96 Public Papers op George Clinton.
From the Month June to the ninth of December, this Loan has
not increased half a Million of Florins, so that the most sanguine
Expectation will not carry it beyond two Millions out of the
five for which it was opened. Congress will recollect that on the
fourteenth of September last they ordered a Loan of four Mil
lions of Dollars in Europe for the Service of 1783 in addition
to this Loan which Mr. Adams had opened in Holland. They
will also recollect that I had anticipated upon these Resources
about three and an half Million of Livres during the Year 1782
and that this anticipation was over and above the sum of a Mil
lion of Florins which we then knew to have been borrowed in
Holland. Allowing, therefore, for the supposed encrease of half
a Million of Florins or a Million of Livres, there will still remain
of Anticipation two and an half Million of Livres, so that of the
sum lent for this Year by his most Christian Majesty, there will
remain but three Millions and an half of Livres.
According to the common Course of Exchange, this Sum can
not be expected to yield more, than six hundred thousand Dollars ;
therefore, with what the States will yield in Texas, forms the
whole of our Expectations for the current year. From this is to
be deducted one Month's Pay, already promised to the Army,
amounting by Estimate to upwards of two hundred and fifty
thousand Dollars.
To judge of our Prospects for what remains. Congress will be
pleased to observe that the Subsistence to our Officers, is near
twenty thousand Dollars, and that the Rations issued in New
York and New Jersey, are about fifty thousand Dollars, and that
the Rations of the Southern Army will probably amount to up
wards of twelve thousand Dollars. If to this be added the
various detached Corps, it will be found that the Articles of

Public Papers op George Clinton. 97
Rfltions and Subsistence, exclusive of the Prisoners, will form an
object of about Ninety thousand Dollars per month. My anticipa
tion on the Taxes are so well known, that it is not necessary to
mention them any more than the other objects of Forage &c
which are indispensible. I haVe gone into these few Details
merely to elucidate one Position Vizt :
That all the Money now at our Command and which we may
expect from the States, this two Months to come, will not do more
than satisfy the various Engagements which will by that Time
have fallen due.
It is of Importance that Congress should know their true situa
tion, & therefore, I could wish that a Committee were appointed
to confer with the Minister of France. My Reason for that wish
is, that every Member of Congress may have the same Conviction
which I feel of one Important Fact :
That there is no Hope of any farther pecuniary aid from
Europe. The Conduct of the French Court on this Subject has been
decisive. Some Persons have indeed flattered themselves that her
positive Declarations were merely calculated to restrain our
Rashness and moderate our Excess, but these Ideas can no Longer
have place in any sound and discerning Mind. Her Conduct has
been consistent Avith her Declarations, and if she had ever so
much Inclination to assist us with Money it is not in her Power.
But whatever may be the ability of Nations or Individuals, we
can have no Right to hope for, much less to expect, the aid of
others while we shew so much y.nwillingness to help ourselves.
It can no longer be a doubt to Congress, that our Public Credit
is gone. It was very easy to foresee that this would be the Case
and it was my particular Duty to predict it. This has been done

98 Public Papers op George Clinton.
repeatedly. I claim no Merit from the Prediction, because a man
must be naturally or wilfully blind who could not see. That
Credit cannot be long supported without Funds.
From what has already beep said. Congress will clearly per
ceive the necessity of farther Resources. What means they shall
adopt, it is in their Wisdom to Consider. They cannot borrow,
and the States will not pay. ^he Thing has happened which was
expected. I cannot presume to advise. Congress will know that
I never pretended to any extraordinary Knowledge of Finance,
and that my Deficiencies on this Subject were a principal Reason
for declining the office. I have since had reason to be still more
convinced of my Incompetency because the Plans which I did
suggest have not met with approbation. I hope, therefore, that
some abler mind will point out the means to save our Country
from Ruin.
I do assure you. Sir, that it is extremely painful to me to be
obliged to address Congress on this Subject. I wish most sin
cerely that I could look at our future Prospects with the same
Indifference that others have brought themselves to. Perhaps I
am not sufficiently sanguine. It is common for age to listen more
to the voice of Experience than youth is inclined to. The Voice
of Experience foretold these Evils long since. There was a Time
when we might have obliterated them, but I fear that precious
Moment is passed.
Before I conclude this Letter, I must observe on the Miscon
structions which Men totally ignorant of our Affairs, have put
on that Conduct which severe Necessity compelled me to pursue.
Such Men affecting an intimate Knowledge of Things have
Charged the Destmction of public Credit to me and interpreted
the Terms of my Resignation into Reflections upon Congress.

Public Papers of George Clinton. 99
I hope, Sir, that so long as I have the Honor to serve the United
States, I shall feel a proper Contempt for all such Scurrillity.
I shall confidently repose myself in the Candor of Congress. It
is theirs to judge of my Conduct on full and intimate Knowledge.
Writers for a Newspaper may indeed thro' the Mediums of Mis
representation pervert the public Opinion, but the official Conduct
of your Servants is not amenable to that Tribunal. I hope, how
ever, to be excused for observing that on the Day in which I was
publicly charged with ruining your Credit those Dispatches ar
rived from Europe which tell you it was already at an End. The
Circumstances which I alluded to in my Letter of Resignation
were not yet known in Europe. It was not known that Rhode
Island had unanimously refused to pass the Impost Law, and
that Virginia had repealed it. The very Delays which the Meas
ures of Congress had met with, were sufficient to sap the Founda-
--tjons of their Credit. And we now know that they have had that
Effect. When those Circumstances, therefore, shall be known it
must be overturned. I saw this clearly and I knew that until
some plain and rational System should be adopted and acceded
to, the Business of this Office would be a Business of Expedient
and Chicane. I have neither the Talents nor the Disposition to
engage in such Business, and, therefore, I prayed to be dis
missed. I beg Pardon, Sir, for this slight Digression. I shall trespass
no longer on your Patience than to assure you of the Veneration
and Respect with which I have the Honor to be
Your Excellency's Most obedient & humble Servant
His Excellency The President of Congress.

100 Public Papers op George Clinton.
Benjamin Franklin to Robert Morris.
Passy, December 14th, 1782.
*Sir, I received duly j'our several Letters [by Captain Barney
and the one of October 27] of Septr. 25th, 27th 28th and 30th
October 1st 5th 7th all by Capt. Barney, and Oct. 26th since. I
immediately made the Application so strongly pressed by the Con
gress for a Loan of four Millions of Dollars. I annex'd to my
memoir the Resolves of Congress, with Copies and Extracts of
your several Letters and those of Mr. Livingston upon the subject,
all of which appeared to me extreamly well written for enforcing
the Request. I was at first [last] told that it would be a difficult
thing to furnish such a Sum at present, but it should [would] be
considered. It was much wondered [at] that no Letters were
brought by the Washington for M. leComte de Vergennes, as
several were come to the Secretary of War, M. de S^gur, and to
the Marquis de Castrias, Secretary of the Marine; and the next
time I waited on the Minister, I was told that nothing could be
done till the Dispatches from M. de la Luzerne were received. I en
quired of Capt. Barney, who told me he believ'd M. de Forest had
them, who left him to go for Paris by way of Nantes. M. de Forest
was a Week or ten Days before he arriv'd at Paris ; and he had not
the Dispatches. After a Fortnight had thus pass'd, I sent Capt.
Barney down to search for them in his Ship ; he there found them,
and in about eight Days more they arriv'd and were delivered. I
have since continually press'd for a favorable Answer; the Mar
quis de la Fayette has likewise been importunate; but we could
only learn that there was yet no Decision. The Negotiations for
Peace were going on, and I ascribed the Delay partly to the Un-
* The two letters of Franklin differ in several minor respects from those published
in " Works of Benjamin Franklin," edited by John Bigelow, Putnam, 1888. The
changes are inserted in brackets.— State Historian.

Public Papers op George Clinton. 101
certainty of the Event, which might make a less Sum Sufficient if
it succeeded, or a greater necessary if the War was still to be con
tinued. I believe too, that the new Loan meditated for this
Government, but not ascertain'd, might occasion [cause] some '
Suspension. But whatever are the Causes, the Fact is, that, tho'
I understand we are to be aided, I am still ignorant what the
Quantum will be, or when it can be obtained. I have detained
Captain Barney, hoping he might carry a part of it, but seeing that
so very uncertain, the Commissioners for the Treaty here; urge
nie to send him away with the Preliminary Articles, and take some
other opportunity of sending Money when we get it. Perhaps we
can make use of the Alliance, who [which] is now out upon a
Cruizp. Of the amount of Mr. Adam's Loan in Holland, I have no cer
tain Amount [account]. He thinks it may be between 45 [15]
and 1,700,000 florins. Mr. Grand has obtained a Part of it to
pay the Interest of the Dutch Loan, which is done. But he will
acquaint you better with the State of his Funds than I can do.
He tells me he will restate his Accounts as you desire.
The Shipping of the Stores from Brest is wholly in the Hands
of Mr. Barclay. He will likewise take care of those which are
unloaded out of the three Transports at Rochefort, that were to
have gone with Convoy in May last, and have ever since been
detained there unaccountably, Avhich I did not know till lately.
The four Jamaica Ships brought in by the Alliance will furnish
him with Money for paying charges.
The Accounts of Goods brought to replace the Fayette's Cargo,
having been sent you by several Opportunities, I hope you have
them before this time.

102 Public Papers op George Clinton.
I am extremely glad to be freed from your Money Accounts,
and the Payment of Bills, and I hope this will be the last appli
cation I shall be charg'd with to borrow. In a former Letter I
requested you to be my Attorney, to receive and remit my Salary,
which I now repeat. The Friends of the Due de Lauzun, who is
an Officer in the French Army, having occasion to send him some
Money, requested me to furnish Bills. To oblige them I gave a
Draft on you for six thousand Livres, which I request you would
honor, and deduct the same out of my Salary. Methinks Mr.
Grand should have some general order to defray the contingent
Expences of your Ministers. I am concerned that the Resolution
of appointing a Person to settle all our Accounts in Europe has
not yet been carried into Execution. They certainly cannot be
so well settled in America ; and I shall think it hard, after I am
out of Place, to be detain'd here on that [their] Account for
Years like poor unhappy Deane, who, by the way, is I think in
that Respect hardly dealt with. Settlement of Accounts and
Payment of just Balances, is [are] due even between Enemies.
I know not where the Virginia Stores lie. I will enquire, and
accquaint Mr. Barclay with j^our Resolution concerning them,
which I think very prudent.
Penet, who was employed by that State as an Agent to borrow
Money here,, is broke and absconded. His Creditors are all wor
rying [me] with their Complaints, who [which] have nothing to
do Avith his Afl'airs. I have long since mentioned the Inconveni
ence of the Attempts of separate States to borrow Money in
Europe. They have hurt our Credit, and produc'd nothing. We
have put Faith in every Adventurer who pretended to have Influ
ence here, and who when he arrived had none but what our
Appointment gave hiin.

Public Papers of George Clinton. 103
I congratulate you on the Tokens of approaching Peace. I
wish nothing may happen to prevent it. With sincere arfd great
Esteem, I am, Sir, Your most obedient & most humble servant,
(sign'd) B. Franklin.

Benjamin Frankljn to Robert Morris.
Passy, Decemr. 23, 1782.
Sir, When I wrote to you on the 14th I expected to have dls
pateh'd the Washington immediately, tho' without any Money.
A little miisunderstanding prevented it. That was after some
[time] Days happily got over and [on] Friday last, [an] Order
was given to furnish me with six hundred thousand Livres,
immediately to send in that Ship, and I was answered by
Mr. [the Count] de Vergennes, that the Rest of the Six Millions
should be paid us quarterly in the Course of the Year 1783. If
your Drafts make it necessary, I believe we can have it advanced,
at least on paying Discount. Mr. Grand has been ever since.
busy collecting the proper Species to send it in,- and it will go
I suppose tomorrow or next Day. I am glad to make use of this
Opportunity, and wish the Sum could have been larger, as we
have got a Passport from England for the Ship Washington,
Capt. Barney, signed by the King's own Hand, the more curious,
as it acknowledges us by our Title of the United States of
America. We should not, however, imagine ourselves already in
Peace. The other Powers are not yet agreed, and the War may
still continue longer than we expect. Our Preliminaries have
not yet been communicated to Parliament, and I apprehend there^
will be great Clamours against them when they appear. Hints
are already thrown out that the King has gone beyond his
Powers, and if the New Ministry do not stand their Ground,
perhaps the Ratification may be prevented. A little more Sue-

104 Public Papers of George Clinton.
cess in the W. Indies this Winter may totally turn the Heads.
of that giddy Nation.
I pressed hard, therefore, for the whole Sum demanded; but
was told it was impossible; the great Efforts to be made this
Campaign in the East & West Indies, (the Armies for which are
now afioat) and- the enormous Expence engaged in, having much
embarrass'd the Finances.
Our People certainly ought to do more for themselves. It is
absurd the pretending to be Lovers of Liberty while they grudge
paying for the Defence of it. It is said here, that an Impost
of 5 per cent on all Goods imported, tho' a most reasonable
Proposition had not been agreed to by all the States and was,
therefore, frustrated; and that your News Papers acquaint the
World with this, with the Non-payment of Taxes by the People,
and with the Non-payment of Interest to the Creditors of the
Public. The Knowledge of these things [has] have hurt our
Credit and the Loan in Holland, and would prevent our getting
anything here but from the Government. The foundation for
[of] Credit abroad should be laid at home: and Certain Funds
should be prepared and established before hand, for the Regular
Payment at least of the Interest.
With sincere Esteem and Respect, I am, Sir, Your most
Obedient and most Humble Servant (Signed) B. Franklin
Honble Robt. Morris, Esqr.
The Chevalier de la Luzerne, Minister Plenipotentiary op
France to Robert Morris.
Philadelphia, the 15 March 1783.
Sir, I have the Satisfaction to inform jou that his Majesty
procures for the United! States a Loan of six Millions to be

Public Papers of George Clinton. 105
employed in the War Department during the Course of the cur
rent Year. While I aunounce to you this new mark of the King's
Friendship for the United States I must go into some Details,
which relate to your Operations and which will inform you of the
Motives which have induced his Majesty to make a need Effort in
Pavor of his Allies.
During the last Year, (Sir), I rendered an Account to his
Majesty's Ministers of the Order which appeard to me to be intro
duced into your Department, of the Pre Establishment of public
Credit and of the Economy which accompanied your Operations.
I added that I considered the Establishment of a general Revenue
for paying the Interest and gradual Redemption of the principal
of the public Debt as extremely probable. The Delays and Diffi
culties of Communication would not permit me to wait until that
Operation was compleated by the different Legislatures before I
declared the wants of the United States and, therefore, I under
took to write to the Count de Vergennes that the Disposition of
the People to fulfill the Engagements taken and to be taken by
Congress seemed to me sufficiently favorable to determine his
Majesty to lend for this Year new Succor to the United States, if
the Situation of his Finances would permit. These Assurances
obtained the Loan of six Millions but the Event has proved that
I was deceived in the Hopes which I thought myself enabled to
give my Court and the Affairs of your Finances far from being
bettered since the Month of September the Period at which my
Letters on this subject were written, have on the contrary gone
backward, so that I perceive no Certainty of the Reimbursment
of the Funds formally lent or of those which now are so. Thus,
Sir, my hasty Assurances have induced his Majesty to make that
Advance and in the Moment when I am informed of it, I am under

106 Public Papers of George Clinton.
the disagreeable Necessity of informing his Minister that the
Hopes I had given are vanished and that my Assurances were
without Foundation.
I will say nothing of the personal Embarrassment which I am
reduced to by these Circumstances, but I will take the liberty to
observe that the best Remedy in the present Conjuncture is to
take as soon as Possible those Measures which were not taken
when I announced them.
The Count de Vergennes informs me Sir that the Six Millions
are lent to the United States in the Same Manner and under the
same Conditions with the Sum which was sent last Year: that
is to say, that it shall be paid Monthly at the Rate of five hundred
thousand Livres per Month. But as it appears ^om what you
did me the Honor to write on a former Occasion, that you had
anticipated a Part of this Subsidy, I must pray you to considler
that the first Months of this Year will have been employed in pay
ment of those Anticipations, and that it will be proper so to com
bine your Drafts, as that they shall not be presented but at the
Monthly Periods in which the Funds are to be provided.
I have had the Honor to inform you. Sir, that this Money is lent
to the United States to enable them to carry on the War. The
Wisdom of Congress will determine according to Circumstances
on the Manner of effecting that important Object and of com
pelling the Enemy by joint Efforts to conclude a solid and perma
nent Peace.
It remains for me to inform you. Sir, that the King was unable
to make this last Effort without extreme Difficulty. I have had
the Honor to communicate those which oppose considerable Loans.
They are so great that I am commanded to inform you in the most
positive Terms that it will be impossible for the King in any Case

Public Papers of George Clinton. 107
whatever to obtain new Advances for Congress for the next Year.
As to the Resources which you may seek elsewhere than in France,
the Details contained in those Letters which I had the Honor to
read to you, will not permit a Hope of Success until the United
States shall have established a permanent public Revenue, and the
Delay and Repugnance with which they proceed in that Business
being known in Europe, the Disposition to lend Money to Congress
ceases. Lenders place their Funds elsewhere. Those Specula
tions which would have been directed towards the United States
take a different Turn and it will be extremely difficult to bring
them back.
I abstain from repeating here the other Parts of the Count de
Vergennes Dispatches which I had the Honor to communicate,
because the Truths they contain are well known to you, and
because they may all be reduced to this single Position that with
out a speedy Establishment of solid general Revenues and an
exact Performance of the Engagements which Congress have
made, you must renounce the Expectation of Loans in Europe.
I am ordered also, (Sir), to inform Congress that my Court
expect they will have taken final and satisfactory Measures to
secure Payment of the Interest of the Debt contracted with his
Majesty by the United States but I content myself with communi
cating this Circumstance to you and before Announcing it directly
to Congress, I will wait till their present Embarrassments shall be
diminished. From these Details, Sir, you will be able to judge of the Impossi
bility of Negotiating Bills upon your Plenipotentiaries beyond the
Funds which remain free from the Six Millions lent this Year. It
is very clear that such Bills will not be paid by us and it is from
perfect Confidence in your Regularity upon that Subject that I

108 Public Papers op George Clinton.
shall assure the Count de Vergennes, he may be certain, no Demand
will be made on him beyond the Sums already granted.
I have the Honor to be &c

[No. 4989.]
New York Prepares for Home Defence when the British Evacuate
the Frontier Posts.
Head Quarters Newburgh, 1st April, 1783
Gentlemen, I have the honor to enclose for your Information
& Instruction Copies of concurrent Resolutions of the Senate and
Assembly of the 27th Ulto. and am with the highest Respect and
Esteem Gentlemen, Your most obedt. Servant G. Clinton
The Honorable :
The Delegates of the State of New York in Congress,
Philadelphia.
Whereas upon the Conclusion of a general Peace, between the several belligerent
Powers in Europe and these United States, the Posts at present occupied by the
British Troops in the Northern and Western Parts of this State, will be evacuated by
them, and may be seized by Savages inimical to these United States ; whereby the
Inhabitants of the Frontiers may be exposed to great Danger and Distress ;
AND WHEREAS by the sixth Article of the Confederation and Perpetual Union
between the United States of America, It is declared, that no Body of Forces shall
be kept up by any State in Time of Peace, except such Number only as in the Judg
ment of the United States in Congress assembled, shall be deemed requisite, to
garrison the Forts necessary for the Defence of such State ;
RESOLVED, THEREFORE, (If the Honorable the House of Assembly concur
herein) That the Delegates of this State in Congress, be and they are hereby
instructed to represent to the United States in Congress assembled, that this State
deem it essentially necessary to make Provision to garrison the said Posts immedi
ately, on the Evacuation thereof by the British Troops ; that, therefore, the said
Delegates request the United States in Congress assembled, to declare the number
of Troops which they may deem necessary for such Garrisons ; the said Delegates
at the same Time, informing the said United States, that it Is the Opinion of this
Legislature, that a Body of Troops, not exceeding five Hundred Rank and Pile,
properly officered, would be adequate for the Purpose aforesaid : That the said
Delegates do further represent, that the Troops commonly called the State Troops,
raised In this State by Virtue of an Act of the Legislature, passed the 20th
March, 1781, and which the United States in Congress assembled, by their Act of
the 2d Day of April, 1781, declared should be paid, substituted and clothed at the
general Expence, being Iniisted for three Years, might be beneficially employed
for the Purpose aforesaid : That the said Delegates do, therefore, request, that
the United States in Congress assembled will be pleased to declare, that the said

Public Papers of George Clinton. 109
Troops shall henceforth be considered as Troops in the immediate Service of this
State, and not in the Pay or Service of the United States ; and that in Considera
tion of the present impoverished Condition . of this State, which renders it unable
to provide immediate Subsistence for the said Troops, or Munitions of War for
the said Garrisons, Congress be entreated to give Orders for issuing the necessary
provisions, and Munitions of war, for maintaining the said Garrisons on Condition,
that the Expence of such Provisions and Munitions, shall be charged by the United
states to this State.
ORDERED, That Mr. Duane carry a copy of the preceding Resolution to the
Honorable the House of Assembly, and request their Concurrence thereto.
Concurred in by the Assembly same day.

[No. 4990.]
Robert R. Livingston Writes in Any but an Encouraging Tone
to Governor Clinton.
Philadelphia 2d April 1783.
Dear Sir, I yesterday was honoured by yours of the 19th
Ultimo in which you request me to inform you by what convey
ance I sent you a letter alluded to in mine of the 5th. I wrote
you a short letter, which I think went by the Post; it contained
nothing but what related to the proceedings of the Senate, rela
tive to the Chancery, and an intimation which I requested you
to give to the Corporation or Mr. Tappen, that I had some hopes
if their business was now pushed that it might succeed. Under
the same cover I sent answers to Letters received from Mr.
Stoutenburg, Mr. Paine and Mr. Morris; if it is suppressed, I
shall not be much surprized at it, as it will only accord with
the rascally Politicks of the Persons I suspect. I have this con
solation, however, that in reading the enclosures they may see
a true picture of themselves. You have before this, seen my
second Express with Intelligence that puts a general Peace out
of doubt, tho' we have not yet received any official Accounts.
I congratulate you on this great Event, and hope my Country
will have good sense enough now by wise and prudent policy to
lay the foundation of their own happiness, and that of their Pos-

110 Public Papers "of George Clinton.
terity, tho' I confess to you, that I feel no little apprehension
on this score, when I see the spirit of Jobing and speculating
on the resources of the Public by those who ought to be the
guardians of its Rights, which if I am rightly informed at present
prevails among us.
You will see in the enclosed paper the address of the General,*
and the proceedings of the Army; they do them the highest
honor, and will I hope meet with the attention they merit from a
grateful Country. As for my private Affair if the Senate should
determine as you suppose I must leave the management of it en
tirely to your discretion, and that of the Council on whose Justice
I very confidently rely.
Be pleased to return Mrs. Livingston's Compliments and mine
to Mrs. Clinton and to believe that I am Dear Sir with sincere
Esteem and Regard Your Excellency's most obedt. hiimble
Servant. Robt. R. Livingston.
His Excellency Govr. Clinton.
*An allusion to the Newburgh Mutiny, a sketch of which will be found on the
following pages. — State Historian.

Public Papers op George Clinton. Ill
A FORMIDABLE CRISIS.
The Neivburgh Mutiny and Washington's Diplomatic Course in
Quelling It.
Pending the suspension of hostilities and the official declara
tion that the war was at end, the troops had become more or less
restless, and discontent of a pronounced character developed
throughout the army among officers and men. A state of indif
ference existed throughout the States toward the maintenance
of the troops and the failure of the respective legislatures to vote
their proportionate share that had been provided by Congress to
prosecute the war, opened the way for mutiny. The army was
in a state of destitution ; for days at a time officers and men were
sorely in need of food. Washington's sagacity had clearly fore
seen this condition of affairs and he had used all the influence
and resources at his command to mitigate and if possible over
come it. It is at this time that Washington received a communi
cation from Colonel Lewis Nicola who had at one time com
manded Fort Mifflin and who had enjoyed an intimacy with the
commander-in-chief vouchsafed to but few officers. Nicola de
cried the existing form of government; condemned it as incom
patible with national prosperity and advised a mixed government
like that of England. He continues : " In that case, it will, I
believe be uncontro verted, that the same abilities which have led
us through difficulties apparently insurmountable by human
power, to victory and glory; those qualities that have merited
and obtained the universal esteem and veneration of an army,
would be most likely to conduct and direct us in the smoother
paths of peace. Some people have so connected the idea of
tyranny and monarchy, as to find it very difficult to separate
them. It may, therefore, be requisite to give the head of such a

112 Public Papers op George Clinton.
constitution as I propose, some title apparently more moderate;
but, if all other things were once adjusted, I believe strong argu
ments might be produced for admitting the title of KING, which,
I conceive, would be attended with some material advantages."

Washington's Rebuke to the Tempter.
Washington's reply is characteristic of the man. No one better
than he realized that Nicola represented a dangerous faction
which must be rebuked in a strong and severe manner. From
Newburgh, May 22nd, 1782 Washington wrote :
" With a mixture of great surprise and astonishment, I have
read with attention the sentiments you have submitted to my
perusal. Be assured. Sir, no occurrence in the course of the war
has given me more painful sensations, than your information of
there being such ideas existing in the army, as you have ex
pressed, and I must view with abhorrence and reprehend with
severity. For the present the communication of them will rest
in my own bosom, unless some further agitation of the matter
shall make a disclosure necessary.
" I am much at a loss to conceive what part of my conduct
could have given encouragement to an address, which to me seems
big with the greatest mischiefs, that can befall my Country. If
I am not deceived in the knowledge of myself, you could not
have found a person to whom j'our schemes are more disagree
able. At the same time, in justice to my own feelings, I must
add, that no man possesses a more sincere wish to see ample
justice done to the army than I do; and, as far as my powers
and infiuence, in a constitutional way, extend, they shall be
employed to the utmost of my abilities to effect it, should there
be any occasion. Let me conjure you, then, if you have any regard J

Public Papers of George Clinton. 113
for your Country, concern for yourself or posterity, or respect for
me, to banish these thoughts from your mind, and never com
municate, as from yourself or any one else, a sentiment of the
like nature." Development of the Plot.
With the threatened reduction of the army and the inability
of the feeble government to pay officers and men, Washington's
fears were not allayed over possible disagreeeable consequences.
The idleness of a winter camp enabled the more active and mis-
chievoug of the agitators to work upon the opportunity thus pre
sented to them. Officers were in frequent conference over the
proposition which Congress had adopted by resolution to grant
half pay to officers who should serve to the end of the war. But
there was no money in the national treasury and apparently no
possibility of securing funds either by taxation from the States
or from further negotiations of foreign loans. The menace to
the country was most serious in character, and it was indeed
fortunate that a man of the strong, virtuous and patriotic pro
pensities of Washington, stood at the head of the army. The
capabilities for marplots of the Conway-Gates school can be
understood at a glance. The affair crystallized, however, in
December 1782, when the officers in camp, on behalf of the army
deputed three officers. Gen. McDougall, Colonel Ogden and
Colonel Brooks, afterwards governor of Massachusetts, to present
a memorial to Congress. They proceeded to Philadelphia and a
few days after their arrival Congress passed the following reso
lution, January 25th, 1783 :
"The grand committee, consisting of a member from each
State, report: that they have considered the contents of a me-
8

114 Public Papers op George Clinton.
morial presented by the army, and find that they comprehend five
different articles;
" 1. Present pay.
"2. A settlement of accounts of the arrearages of pay, and
security for what is due.
" 3. A commutation of the half -pay allowed by different reso
lutions of Congress for an equivalent in gross.
" 4. A settlement of the accounts of deficiencies of rations and
compensation. " 5. A settlement of the accounts of deficiencies of clothing
and compensation.
" Whereupon, Resolved, as to the first, that the Superintendent
of Finance be directed, conformably to the measures already taken
for that purpose, as soon as the state of the public finances will
permit, to make such payment and in such manner as he shall
think proper, till the further order of Congress.
" Resolved, With respect to the second article, so far as relates
to the settlement of accounts, that the several States be called
upon to complete without delay, the settlements with their re
spective lines of the army, up to the 1st day of August, 1783,
and that the Superintendent of Finance be directed to take such
measures as shall appear to him most proper for effecting the
settlement from that period.
" As to what relates to the providing security for what shall
be found due on such settlement :
" Resolved, That the troops of the United States, in common
with all creditors of the same, have an undoubted right to expect
such security; and that Congress will make every effort in their
power to obtain, from the respective States, substantial funds,
adequate to the object of funding the whole debt of the United
States, and will enter upon an immediate and full consideration
of the nature of such funds, and the most likely mode of obtain
ing them.
" Ordered, That the remainder of the report be referred to a
committee of five."

Public Papers op George Clinton. 115
Report of the Committee to General Knox.
General Knox had been appointed on the part of the army to
correspond with the committee respecting the objects of their
commission, and he received from them the following report:
" Philadelphia, 8 February, 1783.
" Dear Sir,
" The army has, no doubt, been anxious to hear from us,
and we should have had as much pleasure in communicating to
them any success of our application for them, as they in receiv
ing it; but nothing of any moment has yet been decided for them.
We spent the first week after our arrival in conversing with the
members of Congress on the subject of the address, to prepare
them for the reception of it before it was read, lest the want
of information should retard a favorable resolution on it. On
its being read, a committee was appointed to confer with us,
consisting of a member from each State, but Georgia, which was
unrepresented, and had no member attending. The Financier
attended at this meeting. To this committee we communicated
the condition of the army, and we dilated very diffusely all the
subjects stated in the address; indeed, truth and decency were
the only bounds observed in our conference with them. The
reason of our applying to Congress to determine on a compen
sation for half-pay was also minutely detailed.
" The result as to present pay will be communicated to you by
Colonel Brooks. On this subject we can only commit to paper,
that a month's pay in notes to the officers, and one to the non
commissioned and privates, as weekly payments of half a dollar
per week to the latter is all that can be now obtained. This
grand committee appointed a sub-committee to converse with us,
as occasion should require, if any new matter occurred to us;
and to inspect criticially into the principles of annuities, in order
to determine on an equivalent for the half-pay.
" In about ten days they reported to the grand committee, that
twelve years was a mean life of the ages of the officers of the army,
and that six whole years' pay was equal, to the country and the

116 Public Papers of George Clinton.
army, to the half-pay for life. The committee then reported to
Congress, which produced the resolutions which have been trans
mitted to the Commander-in-chief. That part of the report, which
respected the value of the half-pay, was recommitted to a smaller
committee, the number of years being considered too many.
" This committee took up some time to examine calculations on
annuities, and two days ago they reported five years' whole pay
as equal to the half-pay for life ; but nine States would not approve
the report, Georgia, Maryland, and Delaware unrepresented. We
advised our friends not to press for a determination, if they could
not carry the question; as the sense of Maryland and Delaware
were known to be favorable to us, and their delegates were daily
expected in town. On discussion in Congress, some of the mem
bers opposed to the commutation, and equally so to half-pay,
expressed a desire to put off the question, to give them time for
more consideration; it was accordingly granted. Thus stands
the matter of commutation.
" Massachusetts, New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, North and
South Carolina were for the equivalent; New Hampshire, Rhode
Island, Connecticut, and Jersey were against it. There is some
prospect of getting one more of these States to vote for the com
mutation. If this is accomplished, with Maryland and Delaware,
the question will be carried; whenever it is, as the report now
stands, it will be at the election of a line, as such, to accept of the
commutation or retain their claim to the half -pay. Congress being
determined, that no alteration shall take place in the emolument
held out to the army but by their consent.
" This rendered it unnecessary for us to consult the army on the
equivalent for the half pay. The zeal of a great number of mem
bers of Congress to get Continental funds>, while a few wished to
have us referred to the States, induced us to conceal what funds
we wished, or expected, lest our declaration for one or the other
might retard a settlement of our accounts, or a determination on
the equivalent for half-pay. Indeed, some of our best friends in
Congress declared, however desirous they were to have our ac
counts settled, and the commutation fixed, as well as to get funds.

Public Papers op George Clinton. 117
yet they would oppose referring us to the States for a settlement
and security, till all prospect of obtaining Continental funds was
at an end.
" Whether this is near or not, as commutation for the half-pay
was one of the principal objects of the address, the obtaining of
that is necessary, previous to our particularizing what fund will
be most agreeable to us; this must be determined by circum
stances. If Congress get funds we shall be secured. If not, the
equivalent settled, a principle will be established, which will be
more acceptable to the eastern States than half-pay, if applica
tion must be made to them. As it is not likely that Congress will
be able to determine soon on the commutation (for the reasons
above mentioned), it is judged necessary that Colonel Brooks re
turn to the army, to give them a more particular detail of our
prospects than can be done in the compass of a letter. It is, how
ever, thought proper, that General McDougall should remain in
Philadelphia, to endeavour at a proper time to bring on the de
termination of Congress on the important question, as well as to
quicken the accomplishment of the other points contained in the
address. In the meantime Colonel Ogden visits his family, as
well as to do some business which will greatly promote the object
of our being sent here. Colonel Ogden will, however, return, if it
should be judged necessary. We conceive it expedient to make
the army this general report, and beg leave to refer you to Colonel
Brooks for a more particular one.
" We are, Sir, with great truth, your affectionate humble
servants. Alex. McDougall
M. Ogden."
The Army Dissatisfied with the Negotiations.
The army was not satisfied with the negotiations as thus far
conducted and it was decreed that an address should be drawn,
and Major John Armstrong, subsequently General Armstrong and
Secretary of War, at that time a young man and aide to General
Gates, was selected for the purpose.. On the 10th of March was

118 Public Papers of George Clinton.
put in circulation anonymously, the following notification and
address :
" A meeting of the general and field-officers is requested at the
Public Building on Tuesday next at eleven o'clock. A commis
sioned officer from each company is expected, and a delegate from
the medical staff. The object of this convention is, to consider
the late letter from our representatives in Philadelphia, and what
measures (if any) should be adopted, to obtain that redress of
grievances which they seem to have solicited in vain."
FIRST ANONYMOUS ADDRESS TO THE OFFICERS OF THE ARMY.
" Gentlemen, A fellow-soldier, whose interest and affections
bind him strongly to you, whose past sufferings have been as great,
and whose future fortunes may be as desperate as j-'ours, would
beg leave to address you.
" Age has its claims, and rank is not without its pretensions
to advice; but, though unsupported by both, he flatters himself,
that the plain language of sincerity and experience will neither
be unheard nor unregarded.
" Like many of you he loved private life, and left it with regret.
He left it, determined to retire from the field with the necessity
that called him to it, and not till then ; not till the enemies of his
country, the slaves of power, and the hirelings of injustice were
compelled to abandon their schemes, and acknowledge America
as" terrible in arms as she had been humble in remonstrance.
With this object in view he has long shared in your toils, and
mingled in j-our dangers; he has felt the cold hand of poverty
without a murmur,, and has seen the insolence of wealth with
out a sigh. But too much under the direction of his wishes,
and sometimes weak enough to mistake desire for opinion, he
has till lately, very lately, believed in the justice of his country.
He hoped, that, as the clouds; of adversity scattered, and as the
sunshine of peace and better fortune broke in upon us, the cold
ness and severity of government would relax ; and that more than
justice, that gratitude, would blaze forth upon those hands, which

Public Papers of George Clinton. 119
had upheld her in the darkest stages of her passage from impend
ing servitude to acknowledged independence.
" But faith has its limits as well as temper ; and there are
points, beyond which neither can be stretched without sinking
into cowardice or plunging into credulity. This, my friends, I
conceive to be your situation; hurried to the very verge of both,
another step Avould ruin you for ever. To be tame and unpro
voked, when injuries press hard upon you, is more than weakness ;
but to look up for kinder usuage, without one manly effort of
your own, would fix your character, ,and show the world how
richly you deserve those chains you broke. To guard against
this evil, let us take a review of the ground upon which we now
stand, and from thence carry our thoughts forward for a moment
into the unexplored field of expedient.
" After a pursuit of seven long years, the object for which we
set out is at length brought within our reach. Yes, my friends,
that suffering courage of yours was active once ; it has conducted
the United States of America through a doubtful and bloody war ;
it has placed her in the chair of independency, and peace returns
again to bless — ^whom ? A country willing to redress your wrongs,
cherish your worth, and reward your services? A country court
ing your return to private life, with tears of gratitude and smiles
of admiration, longing to divide with you that independency
which your gallantry has given, and those riches which your
wounds have preservel ? Is this the case ? Or is it rather a coun
try, that tramples upon jiour rights, disdains your cries, and in
sults your distresses? Have you not more than once suggested
jour wishes, and made known your wants to Congress, wants and
wishes, which gratitude and policy should have anticipated, rather
than evaded? And have you not lately in the meek language of
entreating memorials, begged from their justice what you could
no longer expect from their favor ? How have you been answered ?
Let the letter, which you are called to consider to-morrow, make
reply !
" If this then be your treatment, while the swords you wear are
necessary for the defence of America, what have you to expect

120 Public Papers op George Clinton.
from peace, when your voice shall sink, and your strength dissi
pate by division; when those very swords, the instruments and
companions of your glory, shall be taken from your sides, and no
remaining mark of military distinction left but your wants, in
firmities, and scarsi? Can you then consent to be the only suffer
ers by this revolution, and, retiring from the field, grow old in
poverty, wretchedness, and contempt ? iCan you consent to wade
through the vile mire of dependency, and owe the miserable rem
nant of that life to charity, which has hitherto been spent in
honor? If you can, go, and carry with you the jest of Tories, and
the scorn of Whigs; the ridicule, and what is worse, the pity of
the world ! Go, starve and be forgotten ! But if your spirits
should revolt at this; if you have sense enough to discover and
spirit sufficient to oppose tyranny, under whatever garb it may
assume, whether it be the plain coat of republicanism, or the
splendid robe of royalty; if you have yet learned to discriminate
between a people and a cause, between men and principles; awake,
attend to your situation, and redress yourselves! If the present
moment be lost, every future effort is in vain ; and your threats
then will be as empty as your entreaties now.
" I would advise you, therefore, to come to some final opinion
upon what you can bear, and what you will suffer. If your de
termination be in any proportion to your wrongs, carry your ap
peal from the justice to the fears of government. Change the
milk and water style of your last memorial. Assume a bolder
tone, decent, but lively, spirited, and determined ; and snspect the
man, who would advise to more moderation and longer forbear
ance. Let two or three men, who can feel as well as write, be ap
pointed to draw up your last iremonstrance, for I would no longer
give il. the suing, soft, unsuccessful epithet of memorial. Let it
represent in language, that will neither dishonor you by its rude
ness, nor betray you by its fears, what has been promised by Con
gress, and what has been performed ; how long and how patiently
you have suffered; how little you have asked, and how much of
that little has been denied. Tell them, that, though you were the
first, and would wish to be the last, to encounter danger, though

Public Papers of George Clinton. 121
despair itself can never drive you into dishonor, it may drive you
from the field; that the wound, often irritated and never healed,
may at length become incurable; and that the slightest mark of
indignity from Congress now must operate like the grave, and part
you for ever ; that, in any political event, the army has its alterna
tive. If peace, that nothing shall separate you from your arms
but death; if war, that courting the auspices, and inviting the
direction of your illustrious leader, you will retire to some un
settled country, smile in your turn. ' and mock when their fear
Cometh on.' But let it represent, also, that sihould they comply with
the request of your late memorial, it Avould make you more happy
and them more respectable ; that, while war should continue, you
would follow their standard into tbe field; and when it came to
an end, you would withdraw into the shade of private life, and
give the world another subject of wonder and applause ; an army
victorious over its enemies, victorious over itself."
In consequence of the circulation of these papers, the subse
quent orders were issued on the 11th of March.
general orders.
"' The Commander-in-chief, having heard that a general meeting
of the officers of the army was proposed to be held this day at the
INew Building, in an anonymous paper, which was circulated yes
terday by some unknown person, conceives, (although he is fully
persuaded that the good sense of the officers would induce them to
pay very little attention to such an irregular invitation,) his duty,
as well as the reputation and true interest of the army, require;
liis disapprobation of such disorderly proceedings; at the same
time he requests, that the general and field officers, Avith one officer
from each company, and a proper representation of the staff of
the army, will assemble at twelve o'clock on Saturday next at the
New Building, to hear the report of the committee of the army to
Oongress. "After mature deliberation they will devise what further
measures ought to be adopted, as most rational, and best cal
culated to attain the just and important object in view.

122 Public Papers op George Clinton.
" The senior officer in rank present will be pleased to preside,.
and report the result of their deliberations to the Commander-in-
chief" SECOND ANONYMOUS ADDRESS TO THE OFFICERS OF THE ARMY.
" Gentlemen, The author of a late address, anxious to deserve,.
though he should fail to engage your esteem', and determined at
every risk to unfold your duty and discharge his own, would beg
leave to solicit the further indulgence of a few moments' atten
tion. "Aware of the coyness with Avhich his last letter would be
received, he feels himself neither disappointed nor displeased with
the caution it has met. He well knew, that it spoke a language,.
which till now had been heard only in whispers; and^^that it
contained some sentiments, which confidence itself would have
breathed with distrust. But their lives have been short, and
their observation imperfect indeed, who have yet to learn, that
alarms may be false; that the best designs are sometimes obliged
to assume the worst aspect ; and that, however synonymous sur
prise and disaster may be in military phrase, in moral and politi
cal meaning they convey ideas as different as th.ey are distinct..
Suspicion, detestable as it is in private life, is the loveliest trait
of political characters. It prompts you to inquiry, bars the door
against design, and opens every avenue to truth. It was the
first to oppose a tyrant^ and still stands sentinel over the liberties
of Amierica. With this belief, it would ill become me to stifle the
voice of this honest guardian ; a guardian, who (authorized by
circumstances digested into proof) has herself given birth to the
address you have read, and .now goes forth among you, with a
request to all, that it may be treated fairly ; that it be considered,.
before it be abused, and condemned before it be tortured; con
vinced that, in a search after error, truth will appear; that apathy
itself will grow warm in the pursuit, and, though it will be the
last to adopt her advice, it will be the first to act upon it.
" The General Orders of yesterday, which the weak may mistake
for disapprobation, and the designing dare to represent as such.

Public Papers of George Clinton. 123
wears in my opinion a very different complexion, and carries with
it a very opposite tendency.
" Till now, the Commander-in-chief has regarded the steps you
have taken for redress with good wishes alone ; his ostensible si
lence has authorized your meetings, and his private opinion has
sanctified your claims. Had he disliked the object in view, would
not the same sense of duty, which forbade you from meeting on the
third day of the week, have forbidden you from meeting on the'
seventh ? Is not the same subject held up for your discussion, and
has it not passed the seal of office, andi taken all the solemnity of
an order? This will give system to your proceedings, and stability
to your resolves. It will ripen speculation into fact; and, while
it adds to the unanimity, it cannot possibly lessen the independ
ency of your sentiments. It may be necessary to add upon this
subject, that, from the injunction with which the General Orders
close, every man is at liberty to conclude, that the report to be
made to Head-quarters is intended for Congress. Hence will arise
another motive for that energy, which has been recommended.
For can you give the lie to the pathetic descriptions of your repre
sentations, and the more alarming predictions of our friends?
" To such, as make a want of signature an objection to opinion,
I reply, that it matters vei-y little who is the author of sentiments,
which grow out of your feelings, and apply to your wants; that
in this instance diffidence suggestedi what experience enjoins; and
that, while I continue to move on the high road of argument and
advice, which is open to all, I shall continue to be the sole confi
dant of my own secret. But should tlie time come, when it shall
be necessary to depart from this general line, and hold up any in
dividual among you as an object of the resentment or contempt of
the rest, I thus publicly pledge my honor as a soldier, and vera
city as a man, that I will then assume a visible existence, and give
my name to the army, with as little reserve as I now give my
opinions." Washington Reports to Congress.
Under date of March 12, Washington " with inexpressible con
cern " reported the matter to the President of Congress and for-

124 Public Papers op George Clinton.
warded all the documents in the case, including the anonymous
addresses and the general order printed above of the date before.
In conclusion he expressed the /hope that " all opinion must be
suspended until, after the meeting on Saturday. I have nothing
further to add, except a wish that the measure I have taken to dis
sipate a storm, which had gathered so suddenly and unexpectedly,
may be acceptable to Congress; and to assure them that, in every
vicissitude of circumstances, ^till actuated with the greatest zeal
in their service, I shall continue my utmost exertions to promote
the Avelfare of my country, under the most lively expectation that
Congress have the best intentions of doing ample justice to the
army as soon as circumstamces will possibly admit."
Washington's Pathetic Remark to His Officers.
In accordance with Washington's general order, a meeting of
the officers was held on the 15,th at the hour and place appointed.
General Gates as the senior officer presided. Washington took
his station in a desk or pulpit, drew his written address from his
coat pocket, and, as -General David Cobb describes' the proceed
ings — " as he lifted his spectacles with his other hand from his
waistcoat pocket, he observed to the officers : ' Gentlemen, you
will permit me to put on my spectacles, for I have not only grown
gray but almost blind in the service of my country.' This little
address " continues General Cobb, " with the mode and manner of
delivering it, drew tears- from many of the officers."
Washington Reads His Formal Address.
Washington then delivered his formal address in these words :
" Gentlemen, By an anonymous summons an attempt has been
made to convene you together. How inconsistent with the rules
of propriety, how unmilitary, and how subversive of all good order
and discipline, let the good sense of the army decide.

Public Papers of George Clinton. 125
" In the moment of this summons, another anonymous produc
tion was sent into circulation ; addressed more to the feelings and
passions, than to the reason and judgment of the army. The
author of the piece is entitled to much credit for the goodness of
his pen, and I could wish he had as much credit for the rectitude
of his heart; for, as men see through different optics, and are
induced by the reflecting faculties of the mind to use different
means to obtain the same end, the author of the address should
have had more charity, than to mark for suspicion the man, who
should recommend moderation and longer forbearance, or in
other words, who should not think as he thinks, and act as he
advises. But he had another plan in view, in which candor and
liberality of sentiment, regard to justice, and love of country,
have no part ; and he was right to insinuate the darkest suspicion,
to effect the blackest designs.
" That the address is drawn with great art, and is designed to
answer the most insidious purposes, that it is calculated to
impress the mind with an idea of premeditated injustice in the
sovereign power of the United States, and rouse all those resent
ments, which must unavoidably flow from such a belief; that the
secret mover of this scheme, whoever he may be, intended to take
advantage of the passions, while they were warmed by the recol
lection of past distresses, without giving time for cool, deliberate
thinking, and that composure of mind, which is so necessary to
give dignity and stability to measures, is rendered too obvious,
by the mode of conducting the business, to need other proof than
a reference to the proceeding.
" Thus much. Gentlemen, I have thought it incumbent on me
to observe to you, to show upon what principles I opposed the
irregular and hasty meeting, which was proposed to be held on
Tuesday last, and not because I wanted a disposition to give you
every opportunity, consistent with j'our own honor and the dignity
of the army, to make known your grievances.
" If my conduct heretofore has not evinced to you, that I have
been a faithful friend to the army, my declaration of it at this
time would be equally unavailing and improp_er. But, as I was

126 Public Papers of George Clinton.
among the first, who embarked in the cause of our common coun
try; as I have never left your side one moment, but when called"
from you on public duty; as I have been the constant companion
and witness of your distresses, and not among the last to feel and
acknowledge your merits; as I have ever considered my own
military reputation as inseparably connected with that of the
army; as my heart has ever expanded with joy, when I have
heard its praises, and my indignation has arisen, when the mouth
^f detraction has been opened against it; it can scarcely be sup
posed, at this late stage of the war, that I am indifferent to its
interests. " But how are they to be promoted ? The way is plain, says
the anonymous addresser; if war continues, remove into the
unsettled country; there establish yourselves, and leave an un
grateful country to defend itself. But whom are they to defend?
Our wifes, our children, our farms and other property, which
we leave behind us? Or, in the state of hostile separation, are
we to take the two first (the latter cannot be removed) to perish
in a wilderness with hunger, cold, and nakedness?
" If peace takes place, never sheathe your swords, says he,
until you have obtained full and ample justice. This dreadful
alternative, of either deserting our country in the extremest hour
of distress,, or turning our arms against it, which is the apparent
object, unless Congress can be compelled into instant compli
ance, has something so shocking in it, that humanity revolts at
the idea. My God! What can this writer have in view by
recommending such measures? Can he be a friend to the army?
Can he be a friend to this country? Rather is he not an insidi
ous foe? Some emissary, perhaps from New York, plotting the
ruin of both by sowing the seeds of discord and separation be
tween the civil and military powers of the continent? And what
a compliment does he pay to our understandings, when he recom
mends measures, in either alternative, impracticable in their
nature? " But here, Gentlemen, I will drop the curtain, because it would
be as imprudent in me to assign my reasons for this opinion, as

Public Papers of George Clinton. 127
It would be Insulting to your conception to suppose you stood in
need of them. A moment's reflection will convince every dispas
sionate mind of the physical impossibility of carrying either pro
posal into execution.
" There might. Gentlemen, be an impropriety in my taking
notice, in this address to you, of an anonymous production; but
the inanner in which that performance has been introduced to the
army, the effect it was intended to have, together with some other
circumstances, will amply justify my observations on the ten
dency of that writing. With respect to the advice given by the
author to suspect the man, who shall recommend moderate meas
ures and longer forbearance, I spurn it, as every man who regards
that liberty, and reveres that justice, for which we contend,
nndoubtedly must. For, if men are to be precluded from offering
their sentiments on a matter, which may involve the most serious
and alarming consequences, that can invite the consideration of
mankind, reason is of no use to us ; the freedom of speech may be
taken away, and, dumb and silent, we may be led away like sheep
to the slaughter.
" I cannot, in justice to my own belief, and what I have great
reason to conceive is the intention of Congress, conclude this
a,ddress without giving it as my decided opinion, that that honor
able body entertain exalted sentiments of the services of the
.army, and, from a full conviction of its merits and sufferings, will
do it complete justice. That their endeavours to discover and
establish funds for this purpose have been unwearied, and will
not cease, till they have succeeded, I have no doubt; but like all
¦other large bodies, where there is a variety of different interests
to reconcile, their deliberations are slow. Why then should we
distrust them ; and in consequence of that distrust, adopt meas
ures, which may cast a shade over that glory, which has been
so justly acquired, and tarnish the reputation of an army, which
is celebrated through all Europe for its fortitude and patriotism?
And for what is this done? To bring the object we seek nearer?
:No ! Most certainly, in my opinion, it will cast it at a greater
¦distance.

128 Public Papers of George Clinton.
"For myself (and I take no merit in giving the assurance,
being induced to it from principles of gratitude, veracity, and jus
tice), a grateful sense of the confidence you have ever placed in
me, a recollection of the cheerful assistance and prompt obedi
ence I have experienced from you, under every vicissitude of
fortune, and the sincere affection I feel for an army I have so
long had the honor to command, oblige me to declare in this
public and solemn inanner, that, in the attainment of complete
justice for all your toils .nnd dangers, and in the gratification of
every wish, so far as may be done consistently with the great
duty^ I owe to my country, and those powers we are bound to
respect, you may freely command my services to the utmost extent
of my abilities.
" While I give you these assurances, and pledge myself in the
most unequivocal manner to exert whatever ability I am pos
sessed of in your favor, let me entreat you. Gentlemen, on your
part, not to take any measures, which, in the calm light of rea
son, will lessen the dignity and sully the glory you have hitherto
maintained. Let me requesti you to rely on the plighted faith of,
your country, and place a full confidence in the purity of the
intentions of Congress, that, previous to your dissolution as an
army, they will cause all your accounts to be fairly liquidated,
as directed in their resolutions, which were published fa you
two days ago, and that they will adopt the most effectual meas
ures in their power to render ample justice to you for your
faithful and meritorious services. And let me conjure you in
the name of our common country, as you value your own sacred
honor, as you respect the rights of humanity, and as you regard
the military and national character of America, to express your
utmost horror and detestation of the man, Avho wishes, under any
specious pretences, to overturn the liberties of our country, and
who wickedly attempts to open the fiood-gates of civil discord,
and deluge our rising empire in blood.
" By thus determining and thus acting, you will pursue the
plain and direct road to the attainment of your wishes; you will
defeat the insidiuos designs of our enemies, who are compelled

Public Papers of George Clinton. 129
to resort from open force to secret artifice; you will give one
more distinguished proof of unexampled patriotism and patient
virtue, rising superior to the pressure of the most complicated
sufferings; and you will, by the dignity of your conduct, afford
occasion for posterity to say, when speaking of the glorious ex
ample you have exhibited to mankind, 'Had this day been wanting,
the world had never seen the last stage of perfection, to which
human nature is capable of attaining.' "
Washington Thanked by Resolution.
Upon completing his address, Washington retired, and the fol
lowing resolutions were adopted:
On motion made by General Knox, and seconded by General
Putnam :
" Resolved, That the unanimous thanks of the officers of the
army be presented to his Excellency, the Commander-in-chief,
for his excellent address, and the communications he has been
pleased to make to them; and to assure him, that the officers
reciprocate his affectionate expressions, with the greatest sin
cerity of which the human heart is capable."
Officers Appointed to Draft Suitable Resolutions.
The address from the army to Congress, the report of the com
mittee from the army, and the resolutions of Congress of the
25th of January being read, on a motion by General Putnam,
seconded by General Hand :
"Voted, That a committee be appointed immediately to draw
up some resolutions expressive of the business before us, and
report in half an hour; that the committee consist of one gen
eral, one field-officer, and one captain.
That General Knox, Colonel Brooks, and Captain Howard com
pose the said committee." 9

130 Public Papers of George Clinton.
The report of the committee having been brought in and fully
considered, " Resolved unanimously, That at the commencement of the
present war, the officers of the American army engaged in the
service of their country from the purest love and attachment to
the rights and liberties of human nature; which motives still
exist in the highest degree; and that no circumstances of dis
tress or danger shall induce a conduct, that may tend to sully
the reputation and glory, which they have acquired at the price
of their blood and eight years' faithful services.
"Resolved unanimously. That the army continue to have an
unshaken confidence in the justice of Congress and their country ;
and are fully convinced, that the representatives of America will
not disband or disperse the army until their accounts are liqui
dated, the balances accurately ascertained, and adequate funds
established for payment. And, in this arrangement, the officers
expect that the half-pay, or commutation of it, should be effica
ciously comprehended.
" Resolved unanimously. That his Excellency the Commander-
in-chief be requested to write to his Excellency, the President of
Congress, earnestly entreating the more speedy decision of that
honorable body upon the subjects of our late address, which was
forwarded by a committee of the army, some of whom are waiting
upon Congress for the result. In the alternative of peace or war,
this event would be highly satisfactory, and would produce imme
diate tranquility in the minds of the army, and prevent any fur
ther machinations of designing men to sow discord between the
civil and military powers of the United States.
" Resolved unanimously. That the officers of the American army
view with abhorrence, and reject with disdain, the infamous
propositions contained in a late anonymous address to the officers
of the army, and resent with indignation the secret attempts of
some unknown persons to collect the officers together in a manner
totally subversive of all discipline and good order.
" Resolved unanimously. That the thanks of the officers of the
army be given to the committee, who presented to Congress the

Public Papers op George Clinton. 131
late address of the army, for the wisdom and prudence with which
they have conducted that business; and that a copy of the pro
ceedings of this day be transmitted by the President to Major-
General McDougall, and that he be requested to continue his
solicitations at Congress until the objects of his mission are
accomplished." Washington Approves the Action of the Officers.
These proceedings were signed by General Gates, as president
of the meeting, and on the 18th the approbation of General Wash
ington was expressed in public orders as follows:
" The Commander-in-chief is highly satisfied with the report of
the proceedings of the officers assembled on the 15th instant, in
obedience to the orders of the 11th. He begs his inability to
communicate an adequate idea of the pleasing feelings, which
have been excited in his breast by the affectionate sentiments
expressed towards him on that occasion, may be considered as an
apology for his silence."
The report of the proceedings with all the papers involved was
transmitted to Congress and appears in the Proceedings of Con
gress of date Tuesday April 29, 1783. — State Historian.

[No. 4992.]
Governor Clinton Urges the President of Congress for a Speedy
Settlement of the Public Accounts.
Poughkeepsie, April 3d, 1783.
Sir, I have it in particular Charge from the Legislature to
express to your Excellency their earnest Desire that the Acc'ts
of this State & the In[di]viduals thereof with the United States
be speedily settled to this End to urge that the Commissioners
ajipointed for this Purpose may be directed to repair to this State
as soon as possible.
I have the honor to be &c.
His Excellency The Presid't of Congress.

132 Public Papers op George Clinton.
[No. 4993.]
JOHN MORIN SCOTT'S PROJECT
For the Protection of New York upon the Evacuation of the
British Army. Fish Kill, April 4th, 1783.
Dear Sir, I take the Liberty to hand to you the inclosed paper ;
the Contents of which were hastily thrown together for your
Excellency's Consideration and perusal. , One Inducement, among
others, which led me to do it, was an Information that Connec
ticut has opened a wide door for the admission of all our dis
affected and their property. A Scheme evidently calculated to
build themselves up on our Ruins. As one Instance of this, it is
reported that Jo : Smith is either gone or going to that State with
£30,000 worth of Dry Goods. If those Things cannot speedily be
prevented, God only knows what will become of our poor State,
already brought to the Verge or Ruin by the War. I take the
Liberty to intreat your Excellency's Sentiments on the inclosed
with as much Speed as may be convenient, and am with the
greatest respect Your Excellency's most obedient Servant
Jno. Morin Scott
His Excellency Govr. Clinton.
P. S. I send to Mr. Harpur for a Copy of the last Law ; pray be
so kind as to urge him to send it to me immediately.
Plan for Gaining Possession op the Southern District by the Temporary
Government Thereof.
Whereas by a Law " Entitled an Act for the temporary GoTernment of the
" Southern Parts of this State whenever the Enemy shall abandon or be dis-
" possessed of the same, and until the Legislature can be convened," passed Octr.
23d 1779, the Council therein mentioned are vested with the following powers to
wit ; to ordain :
1st For Preserving peace & Good Order in the Southern district.
2dly. For preventing a Monopoly of any of the necessaries of Life, or of any Goods
Wares or Merchandizes in the said district.
3dly. For preventing the Exportation of the same out of the said district.
4thly. For billeting Troops within the district.

Public Papers op George Clinton. 133
5thly for seizing and impressing Fuel, Forage, Vessels, Horses, Teams, Carriages &
drivers. ethiy for supplying the Markets within the district with provisions & regulating
their prices.
7thiy For the holding of Elections in the district for representatives in the Senate
and Assembly and Corporation & Town Officers.
Sthly For appointing the Mode of such Elections ; and making such provisions as
may be deemed necessary to prevent persons charged with or suspected of disaffec
tion to the Freedom and Independence of this State from electing or being elected
at such Elections.
9thly To confine any person or persons charged with Treason or other Offence.
It Is proposed, for making Way for the said temporary Government as soon as
possible ; that in Virtue of the Law passed for the purpose at the last Meeting of
the Legislature a Convention be immediately demanded of the British Commander
in Chief at New York on the following points vizt :
First. That proper steps be taken by him without delay to prevent the Exportation
or Importation of any Goods Wares or Merchandizes into or out of the Southern dis
trict, by any Subject or Subjects of those United States or any other person or
persons, without License first had from the Governor of this State, Except such
Goods, Wares or Merchandizes, as shall be bona fide laden on Shipboard to be well
and truly exported out of this State, & to be discharged at some port or place within
the Realm or dominions of Great Britain.
2dly. That (with Above mentioned Exception) no passport be granted to any per
son now inhabiting the Southern district of this State, to pass out of the said dis
trict, without such License as afd. And that the Commander in Chief of the
British Troops, within the said Southern district, use every Means in his power to
prevent every such person from passing out of the said Southern district, without
such License as afd.
3dly. That no person from any other part of those United States be permitted by
the British Commander in' Chief, or by any other person in authority those under
the Crown of Great Britain to enter the said district without such License as afd.
4thly. As the Season of the Year is such as requires the immediate Return of the
Refugees from the said ' Southern district, to their former places of Abode ; and as
the Weal and public peace of this State renders it necessary that the Government
thereof take immediate possession of the Capital ; and of so much of the said dis
trict as is not requisite for the Accommodation of the British Army, until their
Embarkation ; that (the Season of the Year now permitting) it be stipulated in the
Convention that the British Army forthwith encamp on Staten Island ; with Liberty,
nevertheless to the Commander in Chief, and the principal Officers of the Army, to
continue their Residence in the City of New York under the protection of the Govt.
of this State, until such Embarkation ; that the British Army be allowed to pur
chase such provisions & other Necessaries for their comfortable Subsistance on their
Voyage as they may think proper, Paying Cash for the same ; that a short day be
fixed In the Convention for the Evacuation of all the said Southern district, (except
Staten Island, which shall also be evacuated as soon as will consist with the con
venient Embarkation & departure of the British Army), to the End that all the
parts of the said district Except as before, may without delay be taken possession
of by the Government of this State, and that in the Interim a sufficient Guard be
kept up by the British Commander in Chief in the City and its Environs, to preserve
peace and good order, and to effectuate the Convention in the best Manner ; for
which the British Commr. in Chief is to be responsible ; that on the said day such
possession as afd. shall be delivered up without hesitation or delay, with every
Thing in Condition according to the Treaty of Peace ; that immediate Orders be
given by the British Commr. in Chief for the Evacuation of the interior posts within
this State possessed by British Troops, and authentically furnished to the Govern-

134 Public Papers of George Clinton.
ment of this State, that it may avail itself of the same, in procuring the possession
of the said posts without delay or Equivocation ; that before the day on which the
possession of the Southern district shall be delivered up to the Government of this
State, all the Stores & magazines of every kind and Quality, shall be embarked on
Board of Transports, and be transported with the Ships of War to a Station as
near as may be (with safety for the riding of the Transports & the Ships of War)
to the Shore of Staten Island, there to remain till the British Fleet & Army shall
leave this State; and that after the said day, no British Seaman or Soldier be
allowed to remain In or Land on any part of the southern district Except Staten
Island without such License as afd.
N. B. A difficulty presents itself, for which Reason the powers of the temporary
Govt, are above extracted. It is this. Those powers were calculated for an Evacua
tion by or expulsion of the Enemy during the War. Should they be exposed to the
View of the British Commander in Chief, they might startle him, and create Obstruc
tions. And altho' none but the 9th power can give Umbrage : Qu : whether it will
not be best to give an Abstract of the Law so far? Or will it be best to give him
an Exemplification of the whole of the two Laws and inform him that the 9th
power will, if consistent with the Treaty be controlled by it. And that a temporary
Execution of it will be necessary for the protection of the Lives of certain obnoxious
Characters who may remain agt. the Ebullition of Warm Resentment in some of the
Refugees immediately on their Return. But perhaps there Is enough In the preamble
of the last Law (for I do not certainly remember its Contents) to specify who are
to compose the Council. If so the difficulty will be removed by concealing the first
Law

[No. 4995.]
Governor Clinton Delegates Egbert Benson to Wait upon Sir Guy
Carleton with Instructions Touching the Restoration of New
York to the Civil Authorities.
You will repair to the City of New York and on your Arrival
there, you will wait on his Excellency Sir Guy Carle-ton, and pre
sent him my sincere Congratulations on the happy Event of a
Peace between Great Britain, and the United) States of America
and assure him of my Great personal Esteem and Respect.
You will at the same time inform his Excellency, that I am au
thorized with the Concurrance of a Council appointed for the pur
pose, to make a Convention for the speedy obtaining Possession
of the Southern District of this State and for gaining Possession
of any Port or Place occupied by the British Troops and for giv
ing those Troops the Protection they may be entitled to by any
Treaty or by the Laws of Nations and you will assign to his Ex-

Public Papers of George Clinton. 135
cellency the Reason® which I have communicated to you that such
Convention should take Place as soon as conveniently maybe.
Immediately on your Return you will report to me the Result of
your Mission.*
Given at NewBurgh the 8th Day of April 1783. Geo Clinton.

[No. 4996.]
Alexander Hamilton Requests Governor Clinton's Sentiments Re
garding the Interior Defence of New York.
Copy. Philadelphia, April 9th 1783.
Sir, Congress having appointed a iCommittee consisting of
Messrs Madison, [Virginia] Osgood, [Massachusetts] Wilson,
[Penna] Elsworth & myself, to consider what arrangements it
will be proper to adopt in the different departments with refer
ence to a peace ; I am directed by the Committee to address your
Excellency on the subject of the Military department.
The Committee wish your Excellency's sentiments at large on
such institutions of every kind, for the interior defence of these
states, as may be best adopted to their circumstances, & conciliate
security and economy & with the principles of our Government.
In this they will be glad you will take as great latitude as you
may think necessary and will, therefore, omit entering into ftny
details. The Committee apprehend it to be the intention of Congress to
lay down a general plan to be carried into execution as circum
stances will permit ; and that in attending to such dispositions as
the immediate situations of the County may require, they are
chiefly desirous of establishing good principles, that will have a
permanently salutary operation. I have the honor to be &c.
Alexr. Hamilton, Chairman.
• For a report of Mr. Benson's mission, see page 140, et seq.

136 Public Papers of George Clinton.
[No. 5006,]
Governor Clinton Brings to Washington's Attention the Necessity
of Spreading Peace Intelligence Among the Western British
Pokeepsie, 13th Apl. 1783.
Dear Sir, Supposing all Possible Expedition, it will be a very
considerable Length of Time before the Dispatches forwarded by
Sir Guy Carleton to Genl. Halderman (& which passed through
this Place yesterday Evening) announcing Peace and directing
Hostilities to cease, can arrive at Quebec & be communicated
from thence to the British Western Posts and much Mischief may
be committed in the Interim.
I would, therefore, begg Leave to suggest to your Excellency
whether it would not be adviseable to inform Sir Guy Carleton of
the late Hostility' committed by the Savages at Wioming* with
an Offer of the Necessary Means for his making such Communi
cation as may be conceived necessary for the immediate safety
of our Frontiers across the Country to Oswego and the other
Western Posts. The Frontier Settlements were never in a more
defenceless Situation. The Idea of Peace has thrown them off
their Guard & I fear will prevent even that Degree of Exertion
•Washington at Newburgh promptly acted upon this matter as will be seen from
the following instructions to Colonel Marinus Willett, under date 14 April 1783 :
" Official accounts of the happy conclusion of a Peace have been transmitted by
Sir Guy Carleton to General Haldimand at Quebec by his officers who passed thro'
this place a. few days since, but as a very considerable time must elapse before these
Gentlemen can arrive at Quebec and the news be communicated from thence to the
British posts in the upper country, and as humanity dictates that not a moment
should be lost in endeavoring to prevent any further incursions of the Indians (who
It is said have already struck at Wyoming), I have thought it proper to write to
General McLean, commanding the British Force in that quarter, and to inclose to
him the King of Great Britain's Proclamation for the cessation of Hostilities and
this Letter I must direct you to forward to him at Niagara by some trusty Indian
runner with all possible expedition — the expense attending this business shall he
repaid on your informing me of it.
" You will at the same time, give orders to the troops and Indians under
command to forbear all Acts of Hostility against the troops of his Brittanle M ^°+"^
other than for their own Immediate defence."— (Writings of Georee Wn^hT^'''!^
Putnam). wasnington,

Public Papers of George Clinton. 137
which may be necessary for their safety agt. the-smallest Parties.
My Anxiety for them is, therefore, proportionately increased &
I flatter myself for the Liberty I now take.
I have the Honor to be &c &c
His Excellency Gen. Washington.

[No. 5008.]
Colonel Nicholas Fish Modestly Seeks the Position of Naval Officer
of the Port of New York.
Cantonment of the N. York Line,
April 14th, 1783.
Sir, I beg your Excellency will be pleased to accept my most
sincere congratulation on the happy termination of the War, a
termination which evidently is founded in our Interest; and
seems to be the dictate of our inermost Wishes.
The War being now at an end, it becomes the duty of us sol
diers to extend our views to civil life, and to endeavour by timely
attention, to anticipate those evils, which might result to many
many of us from a peremptory reduction of the Army, and a ^
consequent dismission of its OfScers.
A few years anterior to the War, I devoted myself to the study
of the Law, which I at that time intended for my profession
through life; and though I had so far advanced in the study, as
nearly to have offered myself a Candidate for the practise, I now
find, from a devotion of seven years of the most valuable time
of life, to the service of my Country as a soldier, that I have lost,
not only the little law knowledge I once possessed, but with it
all relish for the profession and when I review in my. mind the
Gentlemen now practising at the Bar, I perceive many who were
my juniors, and several who had not even commenced students

138 Public Papers of George Clinton.
when I commenced soldier — my sensibility, therefore, recoils
from the idea of returning to an office.
My present wish. Sir, is, to have an appointment in the State
as naval officer in the Customs; and if Your Excellency will but
suffer me to put myself under your patronage in this application,
I shall with due sense acknowledge your Excellency's friendship.
Should this place be already disposed of, or should objections be
made to my filling it, I beg leave, through Your Excellency, to
make a tender of my services to the State, and submit the dis
posal to your Excellency and the Honble. the Council of appoint
ment, conscious of their good disposition towards those Citizens
who have sacrificed their time for several Years in the field, and
voluntarily relinguished every lucrative pursuit.
I have the honor to be with every sentiment of respect Your
Excellency's most obedt. and humble servt. Nicho. Fish.
His Excellency Governor Clinton.

[No. 5013.]
Colonel William Floyd Informs the Governor of His Anxiety to
Return to His Long Island Home.
Philadelphia, April 16th, 1783.
Dear Sir, I did Expect to have left this place by the first of
April, and that one of my Collegues would have taken my place by
that time, the Business of Devising means for the Establishment
of public Credit, satisfying the Army, and other Creditors of the
United States has been some months under Consideration. Many
and great difficulties attend a work of this kind, and as it appears
to be of the Greatest Consequence that something should be done
to answer that purpose, and as the Vote of our State might be ab
solutely Necessary to Carry it, I have been induced to Continue

Public Papers of George Clinton. 139
here to this time much against my private Interest. It is got near
to a close, and I hope to day or tomorrow we shall have the Ques
tion on it, after which, as the war is brought to a happy Conclu
sion, nothing shall Induce me to Continue here under my Embar
rassments Scarsely a Single day.
I shall go by way of Elizabethtown, and if I find there is no ob
struction or impropriety, . shall proceed to my former home on
Long Island.
My last Letters from my Son informs me that he Continued in
a bad state of health and did not Expect to get much better untill
the Weather grows warm.
We have no Accounts from New York that Determines when
Genl. Carlton will leave that place, that we may once more be in
possession of the whole State ; only understand that he is making
preparations for Departure. I have heard that Mr. Bensoni has
been in to Confer with Genl. Carlton on the Subject; by him I
expect your Excellency will be better informed of that matter
than we are. However, I am very clear, that it cannot be many
weeks before I shall have the pleasure of Congratulating your Ex
cellency on being in possession of our Capital.
My Daughters Joyn me in our best Respects to Mrs. Clinton,
and am. Sir, Your Excellencys most Obedt and humble Servt.

[No. 5014-5015.]
Governor Clinton Directs Egbert Benson to Report the Result of
His Interview with Sir Guy Carleton to William Floyd and
Alexander Hamilton in Congress. Pokeepsie 16th April 1783
Gentlemen, I have prevailed on the Bearer, the Attorney Genl.
to Repair to Philadelphia for the Express Purpose of disclosing

140 Public Papers of George Clinton.
to you certain Information of a very interesting Nature. The
Communications he is to make are too extensive to be the subject
of a Letter & it might be improper to intrust them to Paper. I,
therefore, begg Leave to refer you to Mr. Benson for the Particu
lars of which he is fully possessed.*
Your letter of the 9th Instant inclosing one to Mr. Tappen is
this Moment received. The Inclosure shall be forwarded by a
safe and speedy Conveyance.
I have the Honor 1o be, &c.
G. C.
To Wm. Floyd and Alexr. Hamilton, Esquires.
Delegates for the State of New York in Congress.

Egbert Benso.n's Report to Governor Clinton op His Confer
ence WITH Sir Guy Carleton.
Sir, Agreeable to Y'our Excellency's Instructions I repaired
to the City of New Y'ork and waited on Sir Guy Carleton and I
am now formally to report to Your Excellency the Result of my
Mission. I arrived in the city on Friday night last and previous to my
Arrival, I furnished Capt. Stapleton, the British Deputy Adjutant
General, who went down the River in the same Boat with Me
on his Return from the American Head Quarters, with a Copy
of the Instructions, with a Request that he would deliver it to
Sir Guy Carleton, inform him of my Arrival, and that I wished
to know his Excellency's Pleasure Avhen I should attend him.
The next morning Capt. Stapleton brought Me a Message from
•Reference to document 4995, page 134, discloses the fact that on April 8 Governor
Clinton detailed Egbert Benson to interview Sir Guy Carleton. The subject matter
of the above document no doubt bears upon the conference between Mr. Benson and
Sir Guy and was preliminary to the conference held at Orangetown, N. Y., 6th of
May, 1783, in which participated Gen. Washington, Governor Clinton, Egbert Ben
son, John Movin Scott, Jonathan Trumbull, Jr., and Sir Guy Carleton. — State
HiSTOIilAN

Public Papers of George Clinton. 141
Sir Guy Carleton that he was ready to receive Me, and I attended
accordingly. I observed to him that the Instructions were sufficiently ex
plicit as to the object of my Errand, that as it is as not to be
presumed he could be apprised of the Acts of our Legislature,
your Excellency had conceived it incumbent on you to give him
Notice of the Council and their Powers, and to express to him
Your most earnest Desire that a Convention might take place as
soon as possible; that many of the Inhabitants of the Southern
District, who in order to avoid falling into the hands of an Enemy,
had retired to the interior parts of the State had prepared to
return to their former Habitations, that should they be disap
pointed in their Hopes, it would be attended with very great
Inconvenience to them, especially to such of them as were
farmers, who depended on the present Season to raise a Sub
sistance for their families thro' the Year, that in the Opinion
of many Persons We could not form a [illegible] Legislature
until Elections could be held throughout the Southern District
and that the Ijegislative Powers of Government were in a man
ner suspended; and to impress him with this latter Idea, I ex
plained to him the Nature of the temporary Representation for
the Southern District provided by the Ordinance for organizing
the Government, and to this I added that in order to preserve
Harmony and prevent every kind of Contention, it was necessary
that certain determinate Limits should be agreed on beyond
which that kind of Government which had during the War been
exercised by the British Commanders in Chief, was not here
after to extend and to which the Jurisdiction of the State might
be extended without the Importation of Encroachment, and then
concluded with mentioning that these Considerations, independ-

142 Public Papers op George Clinton.
ent of the general Advantages which would arise to the State
from an Exercise of Government and Jurisdiction throughout
its whole territory, had induced Your Excellency to wish that
a Convention might take place as soon as possible.
In answer to this. Sir Guy Carleton declared his Willingness
to adopt any Measures which might tend to preserve Peace and
prevent every kind of Misunderstanding or Contention, and that
he was much disposed to enter into a Convention for that purpose.
I then requested his Propositions in order that your Excellency
might 'lay them before the Council. He, thereupon, observed that
the Terms of the Convention ought to originate with Your
Excellency. I replied that I was persuaded your Excellency expected the
Propositions were in the first Instance to come from him,' that
your Excellency would be exceedingly embarrassed and that it
was even impossible for you to suggest Propositions as the Pro
priety of them must depend altogether on the Circumstances
and Situation of the Army under his Command of which it could
not be presumed your Excellency had competent Information;
that unless he made an Overture, your Excellency would be un
der the Necessity of insisting on an Absolute Relinquishment on
his part of the whole of the Southern District, except what might
be necessary for the Accommodation of the British Army until
they could be withdrawn from the State. He again only re
peated that it lay with Your Excellency first to propose the Terms
of the Convention and that he would give every Proposal from
your Excellency an immediate and [illegible] Discussion. I then
requested that he would give your Excellency at least some gen
eral Intimation of what he conceived ought to be the Terms of
the Convention, but this he also wholly declined.

Public Papers op George Clinton. 143
The next day I had the Honor of another Conference with him.
This related chiefly to the Acts of the Legislature for granting a
more effectual Relief in Cases of certain Trespasses, on which he
observed that the Law was in its spirit and Design rather hostile
and immediattory, and that every such Measure on the part of
these States had a Tendency to embarrass and to impede the
great Work of Peace; that he could wish Matters might not be
precipitated but rather that they might be left to mature of
themselves. I then requested to know from him whether I was to consider
this last Declaration as revoking his Offer of the day before to
enter into a Convention. He replied by no means, that he was
still ready to receive Propositions relative to a Convention and
hoped they would be agreeable to both parties and that a Con
vention might take place accordingly, but that he was notwith
standing desirous Matters might not be precipitated but left to
mature of themselves. Here the Conference ended.
Besides the particulars above stated and which as far as my
Memory will serve me, is all that passed between Sir Guy Carle
ton and me which I conceived pertinent to the Subject of my
Instructions, I conceive it my duty to report to your Excellency,
that each time I attended Sir Guy Carleton there was much Con
versation between us, very foreign, however, to the Business of
my Mission. I, therefore, forbear particularly to recapitulate
it and for the same Reason I took no farther part in the Con
versation than a due Regard to Decorum and Civility obliged
me. I also conceive it my Duty to report to your Excellency,
that except a Declaration in general Terms of his Willingness
to enter into a Convention, and that he would give every Propo
sition an immediate and candid Discussion, I do not recollect

144 Public Papers of George Clinton.
that a single Instance I obtained from Sir Guy Carleton a deter
minate answer to any Question I propiosed to him on the Business
you was pleased to honor me with, but on the contrary there was
an evidently designed Evasion & a Desire to turn the Conversa
tion to other Subjects. I conceive it also proper to inform your
Excellency, that I made Enquiries and could not learn that any
Preparations are making to withdraw the British Army, altho'
they have upwards of 200 Transports in the Harbour and I was
very credibly informed that the usual Number of Men are still
daily detailed to work on the Fortifications. From all these Cir
cumstances and from that kind of Evidence which arises from
the peculiar Air and Manner of the Person conversed with, and
which it is impossible to communicate in its full force to others,
I have the fullest Persuasion that Sir Guy Carleton is not seri
ously disposed to enter into a Convention, and that he only in
tends to save appearances to negotiate and by that means to
effect a Delay, but I will not hazard a Conjecture for what
purpose. I remain with great respect, your Excellency's most obedt.
Servt. E. B.
Poughkeepsie April 17th, 1783

[No. 5018.]
Governor Clinton Submits to Washington His Views on the
Maintenance of a Peace Establishment.
Pokeepsie, 7th April 1783.
Confidential Dear Sir, The Subject of your Excellency's Letter of the 14th
Instant [Ult?] is of such Extensive Importance that it would
require more Information than I am possessed of to form .the

Public Papers op George Clinton. 145
Opinion you request of me and more License than the present
situation of Affairs will admit of to arrange my Thoughts (which
at best I woud offer with great Difidence) into System.
It appears to me indispensably necessary that some Troops
should be kept in Service in Time of Peace for the Purpose of
Garisoning the Posts which it may be thought expedient to main
tain on the Frontiers & to protect the public Magazines. The
Number must be determined by the Posts which it may be neces
sary to occupy of which I can form no Judgment. But as these
will by no Means be sufficient for defence in Case of War & as the
Modern Systems of Military Arangments that obtain in Europe
would be totally inadvisable with us and as our own Experiment
has abundantly evinced that it is hazardous and expensive to the
last Degree to leave the Defence of a Country to its Militia, some
Plan in my Opinion ought to be adopted which would preserve
the great outlines of an Army in such Manner as that it may not
only be readilly compleated & drawn forth for Action whenever
the Exigences of the Nation shall require, but so as that it can be
most speedilly reduced to Order & Consistency.
For this Purpose I would, therefore, propose that a sufficient
Number of Officers to compose such an Army be retained in Serv
ice by continuing to them their Rank; that Promotions should
take Place & Vacancies be filled up in the same Manner as at
present; that they should not receive pay, except when in actual
service, but be entitled to certain Encouragements of the nega
tive kind, such as Exemptions from serving in the Militia or in
any of the Burthensome Offices of Society, together with some
such positive Distinction as wd. not tend to give the most distant
cause of Jealousy or Apprehension & at the same Time would be
sufficient to induce the present Gentlemen to retain their Rank
10

146 Public Papers of George Clinton.
& be at the call of their Country & others Sollicitous to obtain
Commissions; and in Order that we may always have a Succession
of Officers well versed in the Tactics of War, I would fartier
propose that at one Seminary of Learning, in each State
where Degrees in the Arts and Sciences are conferred, in the
Military Science; these Professorships to be under the Inspection
of some Officer of high Rank & distinguished Abilities in the Pro
fession, who should have an adequate Allowance of Pay from the
public & be obliged to visit the Several Seminaries at Stated
Periods and report to the proper Officer the Result of his Visita
tions. From those Seminaries all Vacancies should be filled up
as they occur, & no Person should receive a Commission unless he
had attended a certain number of Courses of Lectures & been
admitted to his Degree.
A proportion of these Officers will necessarily be employed with
the Troops for garrisoning the Posts &c and I would propose
that this duty should be performed by a certain Roteen [routine]
to be established for the Purpose, that in Timeall should have the
advantage which may be derived from actual Service; and on
the other Hand the Mischiefs which in time of Peace might arise
from too long a Continuance in Command at fixed Posts would
thereby be obviated.
In all our Peace Arangements, we ought I conceive to have an
Eye to the Support of the Federal Union as the first and principal
Object of national Concern. Influenced by this Consideration I
would prefer an Establishment (however feeble it might appear)
that is calculated to maintain that intimate Connection between
the different States which gave us Success in War & upon which
I am persuaded our Happiness & Importance will depend in Peace.
And it is this which would induce me to wish to preserve even

Public Papers of George Clinton. 147
the Name of a Continental Army, as well as to cherish that Sense
of Military Honor which is so nearly allied to public Virtue as
not to admit of Destruction ; but which from the peculiar Situa
tion of our Country may otherwise be too soon extinguished.
I have the Honor to be &c
His Excellency Genl. Washington.

[No. 5021.]
John Morin Scott Supplements His Administrative Policy — Rep
robates the Practice of Americans Entering the British Lines
until Peace is Assured — His Determination to Regain Jurisdic
tion over the Southern District of the State.
Fish Kill, April 19th 1783.
Dear Sir, I am sorry my Indisposition prevented my waiting on
You, according to your Wishes and my own. I have heard the
Account of Benson's Communications on his Return. I have also
been informed that your Excellency has reed, official Accounts
from Congress relative to a pacification. I suppose, however, they
go no further than to evidence what is contained in the procla
mation of the British King, which amounts to no more than a
mutual Ratification of preliminaries between the Crowns of
France, Spain and Great Britain, and a suspension of hostilities
among all the Belligerent powers, to abide the Event of a General
& compleat pacification. And tho the provisional Articles be
tween these United States and Great Britain are compleat; be
cause they are to be inserted in the General Treaty; and as to Us
& Great Britain vrill, when thus inserted, form the conclusive Ar
ticles of Peace between Us and them ; yet being, provisional. We
strictly can claim no Benefit of them, until peace be finally rati
fied, between France & Great Britain.

148 Public Papers of George Clinton.
From the present disposition of the British parliament undis-
coverable from Newspaper Accounts, we have Reason to believe
that they are not pleased with a peace on the Terms proposed —
procrastination will, therefore, probably attend a final Ratifica
tion between France and Great Britain. There is no Doubt that
this Delay will be improved for very obvious purposes, to the dis
advantage of the true Interest of this State. I feel exceedingly
distressed for its weal; having had a Visit from Mr. Benson on
his way to Philadelphia, from whose Accounts it is obvious that
Sir Guy aims at procrastination ; and that no preparayions are
making for speedy departure of the- British.
In the Mean Time that unwarrantable Liberty, which a great
Number of our Inhabitants daily take, of going within the Ene
my's Lines, will produce, by a friendly Intercourse with the dis
affected there, an Assimilation that may eventually prove benefi
cial to the Liberties of tiis State. Notwithstanding the Suspen
sion of Hostilities, it is most certain We are not at peace witli
Great Britain. It is, therefore, clearly most highly criminal for
any Subject of this State, to presume to enter the British Lines,
without the permission of the Government wherein he lives. For
this Reason as they affect to justify their Conduct, by a pretence
that a peace has taken place, it is highly expedient in my Opinion,
to have such persons, if they have hitherto been deceived, without
Excuse in future, hj publishing without delay, a proclamation
somewhat similar to the inclosed, the more especially as the
British King's proclamation, holds up nothing more in my Opin
ion, than a Cessation of Hostilities on the Water, on the Land ;
therefore, they ought still to be deemed Enemies.
There is another Matter, in my Opinion of the most important
Consequence to be attended to immediately. If, as is said, the

Public Papers of George Clinton. 149
British have withdrawn their police from Long Island, that part
of the State and the lower parts of West Chester County are in a
State of Nature. In such Case every Man of course doeth that
which serves good in his own Eyes. Every villain may there rob
and murder in the open daylight, and with Impunity. Some im
mediate' attempt should for this Reason be made to prevent so
tremendous an Evil. A Written application for this purpose
should I think be immediately forwarded to Sir Guy Carlton;
holding up to him in pointed Terms, some such plan of a Conven
tion as I some days since had the Honor to inclose to you.
Another, distinct from it and only to be used in Case of a Nega
tive to the first, also in pointed Terms, this proposition : — That he
agree to give up Long Island and the lower parts of West Chester
County to the exclusive civil Government of this State; and in
Case of a negative to this, then another distinct proposition from
the other two, that he engage to prevent and punish any Outrages
in those parts of the State, until a Convention for the total Evacu
ation of the Southern parts of this State by the British takes
Effect. To this Step I think no solid Objection can be offered on
our part.
For first, such an Application can never be construed into an
Infraction of the supposed Treaty of peace; and to such an Appli
cation, we are warranted, by Sir Guy's verbal Declairation to Mr.
Benson, to expect a written Answer.
Secondly, should such an attempt be made, a Question will
arise, Whether it should be by the Governor alone or by him, in
Consequence of the Advice of a Majority of at least seven of those
Characters, who are to form the temporary Government? As this
Will, in its Nature, be a proposition for a convention, to gain pos
session of the Southern district of this State or parts thereof, now

150 Public Papers of George Clinton,
in the power of the British, I think the Application should be
made on the Ground of the supplementary Act; and, therefore,
with such Advice as aforesaid. But another Question will then
arise, to wit : whether such Application will be deemed an Act of
the temporary Government; so as to give date for the Commence
ment of its Existence at the End of sixty days therefrom; or
whether it will be an extra Act, in its Nature preliminary to, and,
therefore, not an Act done, by the temporary Government as such
under the Act instituting the same, and consequently having no
relation to the sixty days? I am clearly of the latter Opinion.
This Opinion will, I apprehend be justified by a Com^parison of
the two Acts; For,
1st The Title of the first Act is " to provide for the temporary
Government of the Southern parts of this State, whenever the
Enemy shall, abandon or be dispossessed of the same, and until
the Legislature can be reconvened. The scored Lines clearly
shew to what Interval of Time the temporary Government must
necessarily & only apply.
2dly The preamble of the Act conveys exactly the same idea
by expressly reciting that some Time will necessarily intervene
between the Abandonment by, or dispossession of the Enemy, of
the Southern districts, and the Meeting of the Legislature there
after, and the Necessity of providing as well for the public
peace, during that interval, as to give the Inhabitants an Oppor
tunity for Election. Those two things are, therefore, the express
Objects of the Act.
Sdly then the enacting clause establishes the temporary Gov
ernment; and details such powers and Authorities as can only
exist in such Interval as aforesaid, after & only after, the Aban
donment by, or dispossession of the Enemy. But

Public Papers of George Clinton. 151
4thly The proviso is conclusive, because it expressly provides
That the powers & Authorities of the temporary Government,
and their Ordinances shall become void on the 60th day after
they shall first meet, after an Abandonment by or dispossession
of the Enemy, or on the first day of the meeting of the Legis
lature after such abandonment or dispossession, whicTi shall first
happen. Here, Sir, You will observe that I have a little trans
posed the Members of the proviso to render its Sense more clear ;
but without, in the least, altering the Sense. The Conclusion
necessary from this just Analysis of the Act is, that the Author
ity of the temporary Government must commence upon & not
before an Abandonment by, or dispossession of the Enemy.
You will be pleased. Sir, to permit Me, in the next place, to
detain you a little on the supplementary Act. Nothing can be
collected from the Title of this Act, but that it is a Sui)ple-
mentary Act to the other; nor indeed from the preamble, more,
than that there is a prospect that peace will soon take place;
that in such Case the Southern district may be speedily evacu
ated, and that Contingencies may happen which are not provided
for by the former Act. And, therefore, it enacts that the Gov
ernor and the persons appointed by description of Office by the
former Act, to which it refers, only for the designation of the
persons, are empowered to make a Convention for the purpose
of gaining possession; which Convention and the Acts leading
to it, must necessarily proceed, be distinct from, & preliminary
to the temporary Government; which, on this Comparison of the
two Acts, will be left to commence and end as by the proviso
of the first Act, in the same Manner as if the supplementary
Act had never passed. But if any doubt of the propriety of this
Construqtion could possibly remain, the proviso in the supple-

152 Public Papers of George Clinton.
mentary Law makes my Reasoning amount to mathematical
demonstration. For it provides " that such Convention or Con
ventions shall not continue in force for any longer time than,
until the British Troops shall actually leave this State; i. e. to the
Commencement of the temporary Government."
Thus, Sir, You have my Sentiments upon the two important
Subjects of this Letter; a Summary of which is:
1st That some such proclamation as is inclosed should be im
mediately issued by your Excellency.
2dly That the three propositions above mentioned should be
reduced to form, by such Advice as aforesaid.
3dly That the proclamation and three propositions should be
distinctly reduced to writing and properly authenticated, and
sent without a Moment's delay by some fit person to Sir Guy
Carleton. 4thly That such person should be simply instructed to pro
cure Leave of Sir Guy, to make full publication of the proclama
tion in such parts of the Southern district as are within his
power, and to wait a short Time for his Answer ; yet
5thly That he should also be instructed to make the first
proposition, wait an Answer; if in the Negative make the second;
and so with the third, asking an Answer in Writing to each.
These Sentiments, Sir, I should have been verbally delivered had
my health permitted my attendance at the former Meeting.
Upon the whole I beg leave to urge this business as a matter
of the utmost Importance & most pressing Necessity should any
delay take place, and the ill Consequences result from it at which
I have hinted, those of us who are intrusted with the Execution
of both Laws, may incur the Censure of our Constituents.
Should your Excellency think proper to call an immediate Meet-

Public Papers op George Clinton. 153
ing, and my /health will permit, I shall attend it. Should it be
otherwise, this and my former Letter and their respective In-
closures will detail my Sentiments in full, on the so important
Subjects. 1 have the honor to be with great Respect & esteem. Your
Excellency's most obedient Servant Jno. Morin Scott.
P. S. As Mr. Benson is absent, I think Colonel Malcom is as
proper a person as I know, to send ; and from Conversation with
him, I believe he will willingly go on the Business, should it be
thought necessary.
His Excellency Governor Clinton.
By His Excellency &c. A proclamation !
Whereas I have been well informed that many Subjects of this State, who during
the War between these United States and Great Britain, have tad their fixed Resi
dence in parts of this State out of the British Lines, have on the prospect that a
peace will speedily take place imprudently gone within the said Lines, and held
Intercourse there, contrary to the duty of their AUegiance to this State, I do
hereby strictly charge and require all such persons forthwith to return from
within the said Lines ; and that they and all other persons residing out of the said
Lines In other parts of this State, hereafter abstain from going within the same
without my License, until the final Ratification of a Peace shall be duly proclaimed
within & by the Government of this State, and until the parts of the Southern
district now within the said Lines, shall be evacuated by the said British Troops, as
the delinquents may expect to answer for the contrary at their peril according to
the Law of the Land Given &c God save the people !
By his Excellency
Command, pr. B. P. Secy.

[No. 5026.]
Messrs. Hamilton and Floyd Transmit to Governor Clinton the
Resolutions of Congress Ratifying the Preliminary Treaty of
Peace. Philadelphia, April 23d 1783
Sir, We have the honour to Inclose Your Excellency a Copy of
the Resolution passed on the fifteenth Instant relative to a Ratifi
cation of the Preliminary Treaty, the Reception of the posts in

154 Public Papers op George Clinton.
possession of the British troops, and the Surrender of the pris
oners. '
We have this day Reed a Letter from Sir Guy Garleton propos
ing that Congress should appoint one or more persons to assist
persons appointed by him to Superintend, all embarifations which
shall take place towards an evacuation of New York, conformable
to the Spirit of the 7th article of the Treaty, which will probably
be Refered to the Commander in Chief.
Mr. Benson has made to us the Communication directed by
your Excellency ; it is possible Sir Guy's Reserve may have arisen
from an unwillingness to enter into Stipulations with a particular
State — 'this present Letter has the air of Candour and good faith ;
but it is also possible there may be an intention of Delaying the
Evacuation of the posts in hopes of influencing our measures with
Respect to the British Adherents.
We also Communicate to your Excellency in Confidence, that
there is a Doubt as to the true construction of the Preliminary
Articles to wit : Whether the evacuation of the posts & the other
matters mentioned in the 7th Article are to take place on the
ratification of the preliminary ; or Definitive treaty. This doubt,
however. Congress are unwilling to bring into View; the measures
taken by the enclosed Resolutions will bring Genl. Carleton to an
ES:planation — perhaps the Ambiguity of Sir Guy's Conduct may
be attributed to the same doubt.
There is a frigate arrived from France which left Rochefort the
14th March. She brings little more than we have already had.
It seems the Dutch had not yet made their peace, but the Count
de Vergennes Considers the terms last offered by England as Rea
sonable Enough; and it is, therefore, probable that Matter will
soon have been brought to a close.

Public Papers of George Clinton. 155
He adds that they are about the Definitive treatys which offer
no Difficulty and are only Delayed by an Invitation given to the
two Mediating powers to be parties to the Business, Russia and
the Empire. The matter perhaps would have been as well done
without them.
We have the Honour to be with perfect Respect Your Excel
lencys Most Obedt Servts Wm Floyd.
Alex Hamilton.
His Excellency Governor Clinton

BY THE united STATES IN CONGRESS ASSEMBLED April 15th, 1783.
Congress took into Consideration the Articles agreed upon at Paris on the 30th
day of November last, entitled "Articles agreed upon by and between Richard
Oswald, Esquire the Commissioner of His Britannic Majesty for treating of Peace
with the Commissioners of the United States of America in behalf of his said
Majesty on the one part and John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, John Jay and Henry
Laurens, four of the Commissioners of the said States for treating of Peace, with
the Commissioner of his said Majesty, on their behalf on the other part ; to be
inserted in and to constitute the Treaty of Peace proposed to be concluded between
the Crown of Great Britain and the said United States, but which treaty is not to
be concluded until terms of a Peac6 shall be agreed upon between Great Britain
and France and His Britannic Majesty shall be ready to conclude such treaty
accordingly " and thereupon
RESOLVED Unanimously, That the said Articles be ratified and that a ratification
In due form be sent to our Ministers plenipotentiary at the Court of Versailles to be
Exchanged if an Exchange shall be necessary.
RESOLVED That the Agent of Marine cause all the Naval Prisoners to be set at
Liberty. RESOLVED, That the Commander in Chief be and he is hereby instructed to
make the proper Arrangements with the Commander in Chief of the British forces,
for receiving possession of the posts in the United States occupied by the troops of
his Britannic Majesty and for obtaining the delivery of all Negroes and other
property of the Inhabitants of the United States in the possession of the British
forces or any Subjects of or adherents to his said Britannic Majesty, and that, the
Secretary at War in conjunction with the Commander in Chief take proper Arrange
ments for setting at Liberty all Land Prisoners.
Extract from the Minutes Geo. Bond, Depy Secy.

156 Public Papers of George Clinton.
[No. 5030.]
PEACE FORMALLY DECLARED.
Sir Guy Oarleton's Proposition to Meet Washington to Discuss
the Release and Transfer of Prisoners and the Evacuation of
New York. New York 24th April 1783.
Sir, It is with great Satisfaction that I receive notice by your
letter of the 21st Instant,* of Arrangements being taken for the

*Prom Headquarters, Newburgh, 21 April, 1873, Washington had written Sir Guy
Carleton as follows :
I have the satisfaction of enclosing to your Excellency a proclamation, which I
have received from the sovereign power of the United States, ordering a general
cessation of hostilities, as well by sea ag land, with directions that the same should
be published to all their subjects under my command. In compliance with these
instructions, the same was made public in the American camp on the 19th, with
my orders that it should be made known at all the out-posts of the American army
as soon as possible.
In consequence of this declaration, and in conformity to the articles of the treaty,
Congress have been pleased to pass their resolutions on the 15th instant, directing
arrangements to be formed for the liberation of all prisoners, and other purposes,
which your Excellency will collect from the enclosed copy, which I transmit for
your observation.
In a conference,, which I had yesterday with the minister of war, agreeably to
the terms of the above mentioned resolutions, it has been agreed between us, that
the land prisoners should be liberated as soon as possible, and that orders should
be immediately given for commencing their march towards New York. But as
their situation, by being removed to the interior of the country, is far d'stant from
New York, which will make their march disagreeable and long, we have agreed to
submit It to your option, whether to have them marched the whole distance through
the country or to have them delivered at the nearest water, where it may be
convenient for your ships to receive them. Should you choose the latter, the follow
ing arrangement has been determined. The prisoners, who are lodged at Frederick-
town and Winchester, in the States of Virginia and Maryland, in number about
fifteen hundred, including women and children, will begin their march on the route
towards Baltimore, where they may arrive on the loth of May ; at which time,
should your ships be ready to receive them there, they may be embarked, and
proceed to New York. If ships are not directed to receive them at the time men
tioned at Baltimore, they will proceed by land to the Delaware. The remainder of
the prisoners, being in Pennsylvania, amounting to about four thousand five hun
dred, may all (except those at Reading, between three and four hundred,) be
embarked at Philadelphia, and also those from Fredericktown and Winchester,
should they not be received at Baltimore, provided your ships are there by the
5th of May at farthest. Should ships not be ordered by your Excellency to take
them by water, they will be marched in convenient detachments of about five hun
dred each, through the country to Elizabethtown, with all convenient expedition.
In any case, those from Reading, being in the upper part of Pennsylvania, will
march directly to Elizabethtown.
It is also submitted to your option to send or not, as you shall think proper, an
additional number of officers to attend the march of the prisoners through the
country, and to prevent any irregularities that disorderly persons may be disposed
to commit.
In either alternative respecting the receipt of the prisoners, you will be pleased
to give the earliest Information, to the minister at war in Philadelphia, of your
determinations, that he may be able to make the necessary and timely dispositions
to pay all proper attention to your choice. To expedite this purpose and for the

Public Papers of George Clinton. 157
immediate release of the Prisoners, and I am to acknowledge with
thanks the different options you have been pleased to give me as
to the more convenient execution of this Measure; but consider
ing the quantity of Tonnage necessary for the evacuation of this
Place and that most p^rt of what we have at hand is now actually
employed in this Business, and in the removing incumbrances
which must be sent off previous to our Departure, I am reduced
to the necessity of adopting the march of those Prisoners by land,
and I shall accordingly avail myself of your Excellency's Pass
port, and acquaint the Minister at War of the Choice I am obliged
to make and the reasons of it.
I cannot decline the personal interview propoised by your Excel
lency, and purpose being in a frigate as near Tappan as may be,
where I understand you mean to lodge. If I hear nothing from

convenience of transportation, I enclose a passport for such officers as you shall
think proper to charge with your despatches on this occasion.
Respecting the other subjects contained in the enclosed resolution of Congress,
as they may be discussed with more precision and despatch by a personal interview
between your Excellency, and myself, at some convenient time and intermediate
place, such as may be agreed upon between your Excellency and Colonel Humphreys,
my ald-de-camp, who will have the honor to deliver this letter, I would only sug
gest, that, in point of time, the earliest day you can name will be most agreeable
to me. Should an interview be consented to on y6nr part, the governor of this
State, being particularly interested in any arrangements, which respect the restitu
tion of the post of New York, will attend me on this occasion. I am, &c.
IThe proclamation for a cessation of hostilities was agreed upon and adopted in
Congress on the 11th of April. It is observable, that it was published in camp
precisely eight years from the date of the first act of hostility at Lexington.
General Heath describes the ceremony as follows :
"April 10th. At noon the proclamation of Congress for a cessation of hogtiiities
was proclaimed at the door of the New Building, followed by three huzzas ; after
which a prayer was made by the Reverend Mr. Ganno, and an anthem (Independence,
from Billings,) was performed by vocal and instrumental music." — Memoirs, p. 371.

158 Public Papers of George Clinton.
you to occasion an alteration, I intend ibeing up on the 5th of
May accompanied by a smaller Vessel or two, for the Accomoda
tion of Lieutenant Governor Elliot, Chief Justice William Smith
and part of my family; but I am to apprize your Excellency that
I have for some time expected Sir Charles Grey, who has been
appointed to this command and I have reason to think he has
been detained only to bring out the final arrangements. My Let
ters were hastened out to announce the Ratification of the Pre
liminary Articles and to put an end to all hostilities, so that I
submit it to your Excellency's choice either to let the interview
take Place on the 5th of May, or to defer it until after the next
arrival from England.
I am with much consideration. Your Excellency's Most Obe
dient and most humble Servant Guy Carleton.
His Excellency General Washington.

[Nos. 5034-5035.]
Governor Clinton Arranges for General Scott to Participate in
the Conference with Sir Guy Carleton.
Pokeepsie, 29th Apl. 1783.
Confidential. Dear Sir, I returned from Hd. Qrs. late last Night. On mak
ing the Arrangements for the intended Interview at Tapan, it was
thought most proper not to assemble a Council in the first In
stance, but to put Matters in such a Frame as that a Quorum may
be convened with the least possible Delay if a Council should be
necessary. I mentioned to the General my Desire of being able to avail
myself of your Opinion on any Overturesi which might be made to
me in the first Instance, whereupon he very politely proposed your

Public Papers of George Clinton. 159
taking a Passage with him in his Barge of which I promised to
apprize you. He intends setting out early on Satturday Morning
& that he may not be delayed on my Account I have engaged to
be in the Neighborhood of Head Quarters on Friday Evening,
where 1 shall expect to meet you. It will be adviseable to take
Linnen &c with you sufficient for about a Week. Will you be so
oblidging as to inform me by the Return of the Bearer whether '
I may certainly depend upon your Company & to offer my best
Respects to Mrs. Scott & Family. I am, Dr Sir, Your Affection
ate If Servt (G. C.)
Genl. Scott.
P. S. If it will be most agreeable to you on Account of Lodging
not to cross the river Friday Evening, I will endeavour to send
a Boat for you on Saturday morning by Sunrise. In this Case
you will please to mention the House you will be at.

General Scott Accepts, but Requests the Governor to Provide
FOR Him as He is " So Short of Cash."
Fishkill, April 30th 1783.
Dear Sir, I this Moment was honored with your Letter by
express. I am obliged, by the Confidence placed in me both by
yourself & the General. The only Objection I have to going by
Water is that We have dirty Weather. As I something expected
from what passed between us, that I might be called on to attend
You, I had determined for the above mentioned Reason to go
down in a Carriage to Dobbs Ferry, & there to cross over; but
as this will depend on the Weather & that no disappointment
may happen oh my Account, 'if I should prefer going by Land,
I shall take care that a Letter be left ready for your Excellency
at the Landing, when you send the Boat over for Me,

160 Public Papers of George Clinton.
1 am. Sir, with great Respect & Esteem Your Excellency's most
obedt Humble Servt Jno. Morin Scott.
His Excellency the Govr.
P. S. -I am so short of Cash that I must beg you'll be pleased
to provide for Me.

[No. 5036.]
John Hanson Narrates the Persecutions He Endured and Prop
erty Losses Incurred Because of His Devotion to the Cause of
America. St. Croix, 1st May 1783.
Dear Sir, I sincerely congratulate you and all the Friends of
America on the happy Success of the American Arms, by which
and the steady preseverance & virtue of her Children, peace is
again Restored to our Distracted Country, & a Safe & Secure
independence confirm'd to them by the first Article of the pre
liminaries of Peace, Sign'd at Versailles on the 30th of November
last, by which Great Britain has forever given up a Much larger
territory than was Contended for & by the Vigilance & Care of
the American Commissioners for Settling the Peace you will find
by the limitts Assign'd, Canada is now become an inconsiderable
province & what Britain has Ceded to Spain in the Floridas, is
so restricted that those two Colonies can never be farther En
larged; our own State will Now become Extensive, as the great
est part of the furr trade will center there, being within our own
limitts. The Merchants trading to Quebec petitioned the British
Ministry against it; he pretended ignorance of what was'ceded
at last told them.
Cant you find the way to New Yorke for Furs ? The peace with
America is Generally Satisfactory to the people of England, but
the peace with France & Spain is as much Execrated as the other

Public Papers op George Clinton. 161
is Approv'd, & a Majority in the House of Commons is against
it, but as one could not be Obtained without the other, Necessity
Compell'd them to it. The Sole view of which was to Detach
America from France, so far as Regarded that Article of her
Alliance, that one Should not Make peace without the other. My
opinion upon the whole is that that war will in a few Months be
Declar'd between Great Britain, France & Spain, as it is the
Voice of the whole people of Great Britain & I think I am not
mistaken. The Packett is arrivd at Antigua from England, and brings an
Acco't of a total Change in the Administration; that the Duke
of Portland is prime Minister; Lord North holds his old place;
Mr. Charles Fox &c are again in administration. There is a
General Embargo all throughout England & Sundry other Meas
ures that they have taken, induce me to think that what I write
to you is well founded.
I have suffered Considerably, I may say immensely, by the Con
test between the two Countries, wether it was owing to orders
from the British Administration or from the Caprice of General
Burt, I know not ; however, soon after I arrived here about twelve
Months, General Burt was pleas'd to proscribe me & sent orders
to the Different Sub-Governors under his Command to apprehend
me & send me home to England whereever they could take Me.
This I was appriz'd of by one of them, &.a friend of mine was
desir'd at St Kitts to tell me of it. I had at this time a Con
siderable Estate in Antigua in Houses, Wharves & Negroes de
volved to me by the Death of Mr. John Braham also a Right to
three Sugar Estates. My intention was to have gone there to
Dispose of them & to Return to America, but was prevented by
the orders I have Mentioned. General Burt died last year & on
11

162 Public Papers of George Clinton.
his Death I immediately Ventured up. I found all my Houses
burnt by the fire in Aprill last year; the land & Wharves were
delivered up and About twenty five Negroes & one House & land
belong to it. Fifty Negroes had been sold & Sent off the Country.
I lost Sixteen Houses & Stores by the fire, amounting by their
own Estimation to ten thousand pound; the three Sugar Estates
I lost also. As the present Holders of them pleaded the Statute
«f limitation against me, altho' they acknowledg'd the property
was Mine, the Case was hard indeed, so that my loss upon the
whole Amounted at a Moderate Calculation to upwards of thirty
thousand pound. Although this was not a Confiscation of prop
erty I think the Consequences to Me, was tantamount.
General Matthew Behav'd Exceeding Polite & Genteel to me,
& very great offers were made me, but I Refused all. They very
well knew my Attachment to America & that my House was the
Asylum of Cordial friendship to every Distressd American, &
that I had from the Situation of my Estate protected Many
American vessells from being Captured. Some have been Run
on Shore within fifty yards of my House which I have Sav'd &
Sent them into port, & Many times has my House been spied
upon by English Privateers & myself also, as I used to be Riding
about the Estate, but it answered no End, & I Thank God we
have triumph'd over all & our Independance is Secur'd.
On the 19th of Aprill I had all the friends of America in the
Island to Dine with me & celebrate our happy independance.
You know I had a pension from the British Government on the
quit Rents for five hundred pound Sterlg p ann. which if they
Could have taken away they would have done; but it was for
life. It was in lieu of a Debt due to me from them & for other
Services. As the Government is now changd and the quits now

Public Papers of George Clinton. 163
Belong to the State of New Y6rke I submitt to you wether I
ought to loose my Right or not, as I look upon it to be Bona
fide my property the same as if I had the same Sum in a life
Estate in any landed property in New Yorke. I shall therefore
esteem it a favor in you to take this Case into your Considera
tion & lay it before the persons who shall have the proper
Authority to Examine it & to Act in my behalf in my Absence.
I shall be happy to hear from you & on all occasion to Render
you Every Service in my power & believe me to be, my Dear
Friend, with Sincere Esteen Your Most Obr. Hie. Servt
John Hanson.

[No. 5038.]
Colonel John Lamb for Peaceful Reasons Deprecates the Con->,
gressional Resolution that the Troops Shall Retain Their Arms
when the Army is Disbanded. WestPoint, 2nd May 1783.
Dear Sir, As it is more than probable that those Soldiers who
were Iniisted to serve during the War, will soon be discharged;
And being informed Congress have passed a Resolution, that
they shall retain their Arms, and Accoutrements, as a gratuity,
I have taken the liberty to mention to your Excellency, my fears
on this head; especially, if the whole of them are discharged in
this State. As such a number of Old Veterans (whose minds
are much soured) turned loose, with Arms in their hands, and
under no restraint will doubtless become a great terror, to the
Inhabitants. And by the influence of some bad Characters
among them, may be led to commit the greatest enormities.
Should this be the Case, no adequate force can possibly be col
lected in time to check them ; and prevent the most ruinous, and
dreadful consequences.

164 Public Papers of George Clinton.
I hope some measures will be taken to divide them, by Marching
them under proper Officers to their respective States and there
discharged. And as a further security for their good behaviour,
it may be proper to retain whatever Monies or Certificates, the
Public intend paying them previous to their discharge 'till they
have reached the States to which they severally belong.
I am. With every Sentiment of the greatest Respect, Your
Excellency's Most Obdt. Servant John Lamb.
His Excellency Govr. Clinton.

[No. 5039.]
For a National Copyright.Philadelphia May 6th, 1783
Circular Sir, I have the honor of inclosing to your Excellency a certi
fied Copy of an Act of Congress of the 2d Instant.*
The universal importance of the Object and the true interests
of the United States in general & your State in particular, being
so obviously engaged in Support of this recommendation, makes
it unnecessary to add, any arguments to inforce the attention of
your State to so desirable a Subject.
*BY THE united STATES IN CONGRESS ASSEMBLED May 2, 1783.
On the report of a Committee to whom were referred sundry papers and memorials
on the subject of literary property :
RESOLVED, That it be recommended to the Several States to secure to the
authors or publishers of any new books not hitherto printed, being Citizens of the
United States, and to their Executors, Administrators and Assigns, the copyright of
such books for a certain time not less than fourteen years from the first publica
tion ; and to secure to' the said Authors, if they shall survive the term first men
tioned & to their Executors, Administrators and Assigns, the copyright of such
books for another term of time not less than fourteen years : Such copy or exclusive
right of printing, publishing and vending the same to be secured to the original
Authors or Publishers their Executors Administrators and Assigns by such laws and
under restrictions as to the several States may seem proper. Chas. Thomson, Secy.

Public Papers of George Clinton. 165
I have the Honor to be with much consideration. Your Excel
lency's Most obedient & Humble Servant Elias Boudinot.
His Excellency
The Governor of the State of New York.

[No. 5041.]
Governor Clinton to Sir Guy Carleton as to the Withdraical of
the British Troops and the Rights of Ships to Frequent the
Waters of New York State. Tappan, May 7th 1783.
Sir, I lately did myself the Honor to inform your Excellency
that by an Act of the Legislature I was authorized with the Con
currence of a Council* to enter into a Convention with the Com
mander in Chief of the British Troops within this State for the
purposes mentioned in an Act a Copy whereof I at the same
Time tra:nsmiitted to Your Excellency.
If I rightly understood what passed at yesterday's Conferencef
* Under Chapter 28 of the Laws of 1779 was created a council consisting of the Gov
ernor, the President of the Senate, the Chancellor, the Judge of the Supreme Court,
the representatives in Senate and Assembly, the Secretary of tlie State, the Attorney
General and the judges of the seven counties or any seven of them, who were to
govern the southern parts of this State whenever the enemy shall abandon or be dls
possessed. March 27, 178.3, an act supplementary was passed authoriziug tho Gov
ernor with any seven or more of the persons described in the provisional act, "to
make any convention or conventions with the commander in chief of the British
force for the speedy obtaining possession of the southern district of this State."—
State Historian.
tMay sixth 1783, was held the conference between General Washington and Sir
Guy Carleton and is thus reported in Washington's published works :
General Washington opened the Conference by observing that he heretofore had
transmitted to Sir Guy Carleton the resolutions of Congress of the 13th ulto, that
he conceived a personal Conference would be the most speedy & satisfactory mode of
•discussing and settling the Business ; and that therefore he had requested the
Interview — That the resolutions of Congress related to three distinct matters,
namely, tlie setting at Liberty the prisoners, the receiving possession of the posts
occupied by the British Troops, and the obtaing. the Delivery of all Negroes &
other property of the Inhabitants of these States in the possession of the Forces or
subjects of, or adherents to his Britannic Majesty. — That with respect to the Libera
tion of the prisoners, he had, as far as the Business rested with him, put it in
Train, by meetg. & conferring with the Secretary at War, & Concertg. with him
the proper measures for collecting the prisoners & forwarding them to N. York, .and
that it was to be optional with Sir Guy, whether the prisoners should march by
land, or whether he would send Transports to convey them by Water — and that the
Secty. at War was to communicate with Sir Guy Carleton on the subject & obtain
his Determination.
With respect to the other two Matters which were the Objects of the Resolution,
General Washington requested the Sentiments .of General Carleton.
Sir Guy then observed that his Expectations of a peace had been such that he had
anticipated the Event by very early commencing his preparations to withdraw the
British Troops from this Country — and that every preparation which his situation

166 Public Papers op George Clinton.
Your Excellency is disposed to withdraw, after a certain day to
be agreed on between Yourself and General Washington, all the
British Troops from the Country of Westchester so that the
Jurisdiction of the State might take Place ; but your Excellency
appeared to decline a Relinquishment of Long Island or other
Parts of the State, except with Stipulations.
I am unauthorized to accede to any Stipulations without the
& circumstances would permit was still continued — That an additional Number of
Transports, and which were expected, were necessary to remove the Troops &
Stores — and as it was impossible to ascertain the Time when the Transports would
arrive, their passages depending on the casualties of the Seas, he was therefore
unable to fix a determinate period within which the British forces would be with
drawn from the City of New York — But that it was his desire to exceed even our
own Wishes in this Respect, & That he was using every means in his power to
effect with ail possible despatch an Evacuation of that & every other post within
the United States, ocupied by the British Troops, under his Direction — That he
considered as Included in the preparations for the final Departure of the B. Troops,
the previously sending away those persons, who supposed that, from the part they
had taken in the present War, it would be most eligible for them to leave the
Country— and that upwards of 6,000 persons of this Character had embarked &
sailed — and that in this Embarkation a Number of Negroes were comprised — General
Washington therefore expressed his Surprize, that after what appeared to him an
express Stipulation to the contrary in the Treaty, Negroes the property of the
Inhabitants of these States should be sent oft.
To which Sir Guy Carleton replied, that he wished to be considered as giving no
construction of the Treaty — ^That by Property in the Treaty might only be intended
Property at the Time, the Negroes were sent off— That there was a difference in
the Mode of Expression in the Treaty ; Archives, Papers, &c., &c., were to be
restored — Negroes & other property were only not to be destroyed or carried away.
,But he principally insisted that he conceived it could not have been the Intention
of the B. Government by the Treaty of Peace, to reduce themselves to the necessity
of violating their faith to the Negroes who came into the British Lines under the
proclamation of his Predecessors in Command — That he forebore to express his
sentiments on the propriety of those proclamations, but that delivering up the
Negroes to their former Masters would be delivering them up some possibly Ip
Execution, and others to severe punishments, which in' his Opinion would be a
dishonorable violation of the public Faith, pledged to the Negroes in the proclama
tions — That if the sending off the Negroes should hereafter be declared an Infraction
of the Treaty, Compensation must be made by the Crown of G. Britain to the
Owners— that he had taken measures to provide for this, by directing a Register to
be kept of all the Negroes who were sent off, specifying the Name, Age & Occupation
of the person, and the Name, & Place of Residence of his former Master. Genl.
Washington again observed that he conceived this Conduct on the part of Genl!
Carleton, a Departure from both the Letter and the Spirit of the Articles of Peace •—
and particularly mentioned a. difficulty that would arise In compensating the
proprietors of Negroes, admitting this infraction of the Treaty can be satisfied by
such compensation as Sir Guy had alluded to, as it was impossible to ascertain the
Value of the Slaves from any Pact or Circumstance which may appear in the
Register,— the Value of a Slave consisting chiefiy in his Industry and Sobriety— &

Public Papers of George Clinton. 167
Concurrence of the Council I must, therefore, entreat your Excel
lency to favor me with the Terms on which you are willing to
Yield the Jurisdiction of any of the Territory of the State which
may still be considered by you as under your Controul and which
is not necessary for the Accommodation of the British Army, in
Order that I may convene a Council and lay your Propositions
before them for their Consideration.
Genl. Washington mentioned a further Difficulty which would attend Identifying the
Slave, supposing him to have changed his own and to have given in a wrong Name of
his Master. In answer to which Sir Guy Carleton said, that as tfie negroe was free
& secured against his Master, he could have no Inducement to conceal his own true
Name or that of his Master — Sir Guy Carleton then observed that by the Treaty h»
was not held to deliver up any property but was only restricted from carrying it
away^and therefore admitting the Interpretation of the Treaty as given by Genl.
Washington to be just, he was notwithstanding pursuing a Measure which would
operate most for the security of the proprietors. For if the Negroes were left to
themselves without Care or Controul from him, numbers of them would very prob
ably go oS, and not return to the parts of the Country from whence they came, or
clandestinely get on Board the Transports in such a manner as would not be in big
Power to prevent — In either of which cases an inevitable Loss would ensue to the
proprietors — But as the Business was now conducted they had a least a Chance for
Compensation — Sir Guy concluded the Conversation on this subject by saying that
he Imagined that the mode of Compensating as well as the Amount and other points
with respect to which there was no provision made In the Treaty, must be adjusted
by Commissioners to be hereafter appointed by the two Nations —
The subject of withdrawing the British Troops from the Territories of the United
States was again resumed, and Sir Guy Carleton declared his willingness, at a short
day to be agreed on between him & Genl. Washington, to evacuate all his Posts in
West Chester County, and to issue his Orders that the British Troops should not on
any pretence, pass the river, which separates that County from the Island of N.
York — but with respect to a relinquishment of any part of Long Island, he was appre
hensive it would be attended with Difficulties & Inconveniences particularly he was
fearful it would tend to favor Desertions from the British Army, and therefore he
would give no determinate answer, but he was disposed immediately to abandon
Penobscot if General Washington should choose it, tho' he said that would neces
sarily retard the Evacuation of N. York, as there were not a competent Number of
Transports to convey the Troops & Stores from both places at the same Time.
The Conference lasted some Hours but as much passed, which both Generals
expressed their wishes might be considered as desultory Conversation, it la not
recapitulated .in the above Narative which contains only the substance of the Con
ference as far as it related to the points intended to be discussed & settled at the
Interview. We having been present at the Conference do certify the above to be true.
George Clinton,
Egbert Benson,
Jno. M. Scott,
Jona. Trumbull, Jur.
— Writings of Washington, Putnam.

168 Public Papers of George Clinton.
I flatter myself I need not recapitulate the Reasons which
evince the Necessity of bringing this Business to a speedy &
determinate Conclusion.
There is another Matter which greatly affects the Interest of
this State, which I esteem it my duty to represent to your Excel
lency ; some Merchant Vessels bound for this State have actually
arrived on the Coast and being prevented passing your Posts
have gone into the Port of a neighboring State; and as others
may be daily expected, I am to request that all such Merchant
A''essels may be permitted to pass the City of New York up the
Hudson and that all Vessels outward bound may also be per
mitted to pass to Sea.
I have the Honor to be with the greatest Respect your Excel-
lencv's Most Obed. & Most Hble. Servt.

Geo. Clinton

His Excellency, Sir Guy Carleton

[No. 5045.]
President Boudinot Furnishes Governor Clinton the Congressional
Address on the Public Finances.
Circular. Philadelphia, May 9th 1783.
Sir, I have the Honor of transmitting to Your Excellency
(together with the System recommended for the Support of Pub
lic credit) the address of Congress to the Several States in the
Union, on the important Subject of Public Finance — a Subject
in which the well being of the Confederacy is most intimatelj''
concurred. This System has received the most Solemn, deliberate & serious
consideration of Congress to which I am instructed, to call the
most Speedy Attention of your State.

' Public Papers of George Clinton. 169
If this should not find the Legislature Sitting, or likely so to
do in a very Short time, I am expressly commanded by Congress,
earnestly to request it may be summoned with all possible
Expedition. -
The Difficulty of doing business without a full Congress & the
importance of their present deliberations, make it necessary for
me again to remind the States, whose representation in Congress
is deficient, of the great propriety of insisting on the immediate
attention of their Delegates.
I have the Honor to be with much consideration, your Excel
lency's Most obedient & very Humble Servant Elias Boudinot

Address to the States, by the Congress, on the Critical Condition of Public Affairs.
The prospect which has for some time existed, and which is now happily realized,
of a successful termination of the war, together with the critical exigencies of
public affairs, have made it the duty of Congress to review and provide for the debts
which the war has left upon the United States, and to look forward to the means
of obviating dangers which may interrupt the harmony and tranquility of the con
federacy. The result of their mature and solemn deliberations on these ¦ great
objects, is contained in their several recommendations of the 18th inst. herewith
transmitted. Although these recommendations speak themselves the principles on
which they are founded, as well as the ends which they propose, it will not be
Improper to enter into a few explanations and remarks, in order to place in a
stronger view the necessity of complying with them.
The first measure recommended is, effectual provision for the debts of. the 'United
States. The amount of these debts, as far as they can now be ascertained, is
42,000,375 dollars, as will appear by the schedule No. 1. To discharge the principal
of this aggregate debt at once, or in any short .period, is evidently not within the
compass of our resources ; and even if it could be accomplished, the ease of the com
munity would require that the debt itself should be left to a course of gradual
extinguishment, and certain funds be provided for paying, in the mean time, the
annual interest. The amount of the annual interest, as will appear by the paper last
referred to, is computed to be 2,415,956 dollars. Funds, therefore, which will cer
tainly and punctually produce this annual sum at least, must be provided.
In devising these funds. Congress did not overlook the mode of supplying the
common treasury, provided by the articles of confederation ; but after the most
respectful consideration of that mode, they were constrained to regard it as inade
quate and Inapplicable to the form into which the public debt must be thrown. The
delays and uncertainties incident to - revenue to be established and collected, from
time to time, by thirteen independent authorities, is at first view Irreconcileable
with the punctuality essential in the discharge of the interest of a national debt.
Our own experience, after making every allowance for transient impediments, has
been a sufficient illustration of this truth. Some departure, therefore, in the recom
mendations of Congress, from the federal constitution, was unavoidable ; but it will

170 Public Papers of George Clinton.
be found to be as small as could be reconciled with the object in view, and to be
supported besides by solid considerations of interest and sound policy.
The fund which first presented itself on this, as it did on a former occasion, was
a tax on imports. The reasons which recommended this branch of revenue, have
heretofore been stated in an act,, of which a copy. No, 2, is now forwarded, and
need not be here repeated. It will suffice to recapitulate, that taxes on consump
tion are always least burdensome, because they are least felt, and are borne too, by
those who are both willing and able to pay them ;- that, of all taxes on consumption,
those on foreign commerce are most compatible with the genius and policy of free
states ; that from the relative positions of some of the more commercial states, it
will be impossible to bring this essential resource into use without a concerted
uniformity ; that this uniformity cannot be concerted through any channel so
properly as through Congress, nor for any purpose so aptly as for paying the debts
of a revolution, from which an unbounded freedom has accrued to commerce.
In renewing this proposition to the states, we have not been unmindful of the
objections which heretofore frustrated the unanimous adoption of it. We have
limited the duration of the revenue to the term of 25 years ; and we have left to
the states themselves the appointment of the oflacers who are to collect it. If the
strict maxims of national credit alone were to be consulted, the revenue ought mani
festly to be co-existent with the object of it, and the collection placed in every
respect under that authority which Is to dispense the former, and is responsible for
the latter. These relaxations will, we trust, be regarded on one hand, as the effect
of a disposition in Congress to attend at all times to the sentiments of those whom
they serve, and on the other hand, as a proof of their anxious desire that provision
may be made in some way or other for an honorable and just fulfilment of the
engagements which they have formed.
To render this fund as productive as possible, and at the same time to narrow the
room for collusions and frauds, it has been judged an Improvement of the plan, to
recommend a liberal duty on such articles as are most susceptible of a tax accord
ing to their quantity, and are of most equal and general consumption ; leaving all
other articles as heretofore proposed, to be taxed according to their value.
The amount of this fund is computed to be 915,956 dollars. The estimates on
which the computation is made, are detailed In paper No. 3. Accuracy in the first
essay on so complex and fluctuating a subject is not to be expected. It is presumed
to be as near the trust as the defect of proper materials would admit.
The residue of the computed interest is 1,500,000 dollars, and is referred to the
states' to be provided for by such funds as they may judge most convenient. Here
again the strict maxims of public credit gave way to the desire of Congress to con
form to the sentiments of their constituents. It ought not to be omittei, however,
with respect to this portion of the revenue, that the mode in which it is to be
supplied, varies so little from that pointed out in the articles of confederation, and
the variations are so conducive to the great object proposed, that a ready and
unqualified compliance on the part of the states may be more justly expected. In
fixing the quotas of this sum. Congress, as may be well imagined, were guided by
very imperfect lights, and some inequalities may consequently have ensued. These,
however, can be but temporary, and as far as they may exist at all, will be redressed
by a retrospective adjustment, as soon as a constitutional rule can be applied.
The necessity of making the two foregoing provisions one indivisible and irrevo
cable act, is apparent. Without the first quality, partial provision only might be
made where complete provision is essential ; nay, as some states might prefer and
adopt one of the funds only, and the other states the other fund only, it might
happen that no provision at all would be made : without the second a single state
out of the thirteen might at any time involve the nation in bankruptcy, the mere
practicability of which would be a fatal bar to the establishment of national credit.
Instead of enlarging on these topics, two observations are submitted to the justice
and wisdom of the legislatures. First : The present creditors, or rather the domes-

Public Papers of George Clinton. 171
tic part of them, having either made their loans for a period which has expired, or
having become creditors in the first instance involuntarily, are entitled on the clear
principles of justice and good faith, to demand the principal of their credits,'
instead of accepting the annual interest. It is necessary therefore, as the principal
cannot be paid to them on demand, that the interest should be so effectually and
satisfactorily secured, as to enable them if they incline, to transfer their stock at
its full value. Secondly ; if the funds be so firmly constituted as to inspire a
thorough and universal confidence, may it not be hoped, that the capital of the
domestic debt, which bears the high interest of six per cent, may be cancelled by
other loans obtained at a more moderate interest? The saving by such an opera
tion, would be a clear one, and might be a considerable one. As a proof of the
necessity of substantial funds for the support of our credit abroad, we refer to
paper No. 4.
Thus much for the interest of the national debt : for the discharge of the prin
cipal within the term limited, we rely on the natural increase of the revenue from
commerce, on requisitions to be made, from time to time, for that purpose, as cir
cumstances may dictate, and on the prospect of vacant territory. If these resources
should prove inadequate, it will be necessary, at the expiration of 25 years, to con
tinue the funds now recommended, or to establish such others as may then be found
more convenient
With a view to the resource last mentioned, as well as to obviate disagreeable con
troversies and contusions. Congress have included in their present recommendations,
a. renewal of those of the 6th day of September, and of the 10th day of October,
1780. In both those respects a liberal and final accommodation of all interfering
claims of vacant territory, is an object which cannot be pressed with too much
solicitude. The last object recommended is, a constitutional change of the rule by which a
partition of the common burdens is to be made. The expediency, and even necessity
of such a, change, has been sufficiently enforced by the local injustice and discon
tents which have proceeded from valuations of the soil in every state where the
experiment has been made. But how infinitely must these evils be increased, on a
comparison of such valuations among the states themselves ! On whatever side
indeed this rule be surveyed, the execution of it must be attended with the most
serious difficulties. If the valuations be referred to the authorities of the several
states, a general satisfaction is not to be hoped for : If they be executed by officers
of the United States traversing the country for that purpose, besides the inequalities
against which this mode would be no security, the expense would be both enormous
and obnoxious: If the mode taken in the act of the 17th day of February last,
which was deemed on the whole least objectionable, be adhered to, still the insuffi
ciency of the data to the purpose to which they are to be applied, must greatly
impair, if not utterly destroy all confidence in the accuracy of the result ; not to
mention that as far as the result can be at all a just one, it will be indebted for
the advantage to the principal on which the rule proposed to be substituted is
founded. This riile, altho' not free from objections, is liable to fewer than any
other that could be devised. The only material difficulty which attended it in the
deliberations of Congress, was to fix the proper difference between the labour and
industry of free inhabitants, and of all other inhabitants. The ratio ultimately
agreed on was the effect of mutual concessions ; and if it should be supposed not
to correspond precisely with the fact, no doubt ought to be entertained that an
equal spirit of accommodation among the several legislatures, will prevail against
little inequalities which may be calculated on one side or on the other. But not
withstanding the confidence of Congress, as to the success of this proposition. It is
their duty to recollect that the event may possibly disappoint them, and to request
that measures may still be pursued for obtaining and transmitting the information
called for in the act of the 17th of February last, which in such event will be
essential.

172 Public Papers of George Clinton.
The plan thus communicated and explained by Congress, must now receive its
fate from their constituents. All the objects comprised in it are conceived to be of
great importance to the happiness of this confederated republic, are necessary to
render the fruits of the revolution, a full reward for the blood, the toils, the cares.
and the calamities which have purchased it. But the object of which the necessity
will be peculiarly felt, and which it is peculiarly the duty of Congress to inculcate,
is the provision recommended for the national debt. Although this debt is greatei-
than could have been wished, it is still less on the whole than could have been,
expected, and when referred to the cause in which It has been incurred, and compared
with the burdens which wars of ambition and of vain glory have entailed on other
nations, ought to be borne not only with cheerfulness but with pride. But the mag
nitude of the debt makes no part of the question. It is sufficient that the debt has
been fairly contracted and that justice and good faith demand that it should be
fully discharged. Congress had no option but between different modes of discharg
ing it. The same option is the only one that can exist with the states. The mode
which has after long and elaborate discussion, been preferred, is, we are persuaued,
the least objectionable of any that would have been equal to the purpose. Under
this persuasion, we call upon the justice and plighted faith of the several states to
give it its proper effect, to reflect on the consequences of rejecting it, and to
remember that Congress will not be answerable for them.
If other motives than that of justice could be requisite on this occasion, no
nation could ever feel stronger ; for to whom are the debts to be paid ?
To an ally, in the first place, who to the exertion of his arms in support of our
cause, has added the succours of his treasure ; who, to his important loans, has
added liberal donations ; and whose loans themselves carry the impression of his
magnanimity and friendship. For more exact information on this point we refer
to paper No. 5
To individuals in a foreign country, in the next place, who were the first to give
so precious a token of their confidence in our justice, and of their friendship for our
cause, and who are members of a republic which was second in espousing our rank
among nations. For the claims and expectations of this class of creditors we refer
to paper No. 6.
Another class of creditors is, that illustrious and patriotic band of fellow cltisens,.
whose blood and whose bravery have defended the liberties of their country, who
have patiently borne, among other distresses, the privation of their stipends, whilst
the distresses of their country disabled it from bestowing them ; and who, even now,
ask for no more than such a portion of their dues as will enable them to retire from
the field of victory and glory, into the bosom of peace and private citizenship, and
for such effectual security for the residue of their claims, as their country is now
unquestionably able to provide. For a full view of their sentiments and wishes on
this subject, we transmit the paper No. 7 ; and as a fresh and lively Instance of
their superiority to every species of seduction from the paths of virtue and honor,
we add the paper No. 8
The remaining class of creditors is composed partly of such of our fellow-citizens
as originally lent to the public the use of their funds, or have since manifested most
confidence in their country, by receiving transfers from the lenders ; and partly
of those whose property has been either advanced or assumed for the public service.
To discriminate the merits of these several descriptions of creditors, would be a
task equally unnecessary and invidious. If the voice of humanity plead more
loudly in favor of some than of others, the voice of policy, no less than of justice,
pleads in favour of all, A wise nation will never permit those who relieve the
wants of their country, or who rely most on its faith, its firmness and its resources,
when either of them is distrusted, to suffer by the event.
Let it be remembered finally, that it has ever been the pride and boast of America,
that the rights for which she contended, were the rights of human nature. By the
blessing of the author of these rights, on the means exerted for their defence, they

Public Papers op George Clinton. 173
have prevailed against all opposition, and form the basis of thirteen independent
states. No instance has heretofore occurred, nor can any instance be expected here
after to occur, in which the unadulterated forms of republican government can pre
tend to so fair an opportunity of justifying themselves by their fruits. In this
view the citizens of the United States are responsible for the greatest trust ever
¦confided to a political society. If justice, good faith, honor, gratitude and all the
other qualities which enoble the character of a nation, and fulfil the ends of govern
ment, be the fruits of our establishments, the cause of liberty will acquire a dignity
and lustre which it has never yet enjoyed ; and an example will be set which can
not but have the most favourable infiuence on the rights of mankind. If on the
other side, our governments should be unfortunately blotted with the reverse of these
•cardinal and essential virtues, the great cause which we have engaged to vindicate,
will be dishonored and betrayed ; the last and fairest experiment in favour of the
rights of human nature will be turned against them, and their patrons and friends
¦exposed to be insulted and silenced by the votaries of tyranny and usurpation.
By order of the United States in Congress assembled.
Journals of Congress, vol. 8, p. 145-150

[No. 5047.]
Robert Morris to Governor Clinton — Deficiencies in Governmental
Resources — The Country's Finances in a .Serious Condition.
Office of Finance 12th May 1783.
{Circular) Sir, I do myself the Honor to enclose to your Excellency Acts
of Congress of the twenty-eighth of April and second Instant to
gether with a Copy of my Letter in Answer. Permit me to assure
you, Sir, that nothing would have induced me to continue in Office
but a view of the public Distresses. These Distresses are much
greater than can easily be conceived. I am not ignorant that
Attempts are made to infuse the pernicious Idea that foreign Aid
is easily attainable and that of the Monies already obtained a
considerable Part remains unappropriated. If such Attempts
were injurious only to my Reputation, I should be entirely silent,
but they are calculated to prevent Exertions and are, therefore,
injurious to the Public Service. I most seriously assure you, that
I do not expect Success in the Application to France directed by
the Act of the second Instant altho my earnest Endeavors shall

174 Public Papers of George Clinton.
not be wanting. If, however, it should prove successful, we will
only be enabled to draw Resource from it at a future Period and
the Amount is to be, replaced from the Produce of existing Requi
sitions on the States.
With respect to the Monies which have already been obtained
abroad, I will not pretend to say what lights those Gentlemen may
have who speak on the Subject in a decisive Tone, but I candidly
acknowledge that I have never yet been able to obtain a clear
State of them, which is the Reason why no Account of those
ISIonies have yet been laid before the public. Those who know the
Confusion in our domestic Transactions from which we are but
just beginning to be extricated, will not be surprized that foreign
Transactions dependent on them should also be deranged; neither
can it be expected that in the midst of a War, the Accounts could
be so soon adjusted and transmitted as is to be wished. I have
written to obtain them and a Commissioner is employed in adjust
ing them. From the best State and Estimate which I have, I can
assure you that what Remains at my Disposition is extremely
small. Your Excellency is doubtless informed that at the close of last
Year there was an Anticipation on the public Credit to the
Amount of above four hundred thousand dollars. This Anticipa
tion amounts to a greater Sum now that it did then, and a very
considerable Addition must be made at the Disbanding of the
Army. My meer Assertions might, 1 am sensible, be drawn into
Doubt but. Sir, there is evidence to convince every considerate
Man. The Expences of 1782 were above twenty two hundred
thousand dollars. Those of 1783 are greater by a Month's Pay
made to the Army and by extending the Contracts for Rations;
near five Months of this Year are already expired. One Month's

Public Papers of George Clinton. 175
pay of the Army is above two hundred and fifty thousand Dollars
according to the Establishment. And altho the Army is not com
pleated to its Establishment, yet the deficiency being in private
Centinels will not form a great Deduction.
The Conclusion from what I have Stated is clear and irresistible.
There is no Reliance but on the Energy of the States and it is on
that Reliance that I rest for the Affairs of my Department. I
shall not add anything to what is said in the Resolutions of Con
gress as Inducement for or to stimulate Exertions because I can
not suppose that the Voice or Words of an Individual Servant will
meet an Attention which is not paid to the Representative of the
Avhole Empire expressed in its solemn Acts and on the most urgent
Occasion, where Wisdom, Justice and Gratitude combined to en
force the Requisition.
I am. Sir, with the most perfect Respect, your Excellency's most
obedient and humble Servant. Robt. Morris.
His Excellencv The Governor of New York.

[No. 5048.]
Sir Guy Carleton Withdratvs His Troops from Westchester
County — Perplexed Over the Condition of Affairs on Long Is
land — Concessions Extended to Shipping. New York, May 13th, 1783.
Sir, I have received your Excellency's letter of the 7th instant,
which indisposition has prevented me from answering sooner.
The withdrawing of the British troops from the County of West
Chester, so that the jurisdiction of the State of New York may
take place, is what I have already assented to, in firm reliance
that the letter and spirit of the treaty will, on the part of Con-

176 Public Papers op George Clinton.
gress, with all possible speed, be carried into the most liberal exe
cution, and that the state of New York will not for itself, take,
or suffer to be taken, any measures contrary to the 5th and 6th
articles, and of that spirit of conciliation, which, on the return of
the blessings of peace, should universally prevail, and to those
articles I, therefore, beg leave, in a more particular manner, to
refer your Excellency.
I am accordingly to acquaint you. Sir, that the British troops
shall be withdrawn from the County of West Chester this day,
and none sent there for the future, but such small parties as may
be employed to escort Supplies coming in to us, and these shall
cease as soon as any of your civil Officers shall notify to the Gen
eral commanding at King's bridge that they are no longer
necessary. As to Long Island, I find myself under great difficulty how to
give those immediate accommodations which you desire. I appre
hend great inconveniencies and in particular much evil from those
animosities which, new as we are to peace, may on the too hasty
mingling of men, mutually prevail. The power which I possess
will of course be soon contracted, and in a short space of time be
totally removed; in the mean while your Excellency may be
assured, I shall leave no place behind me without calling in the
authority of your jurisdiction to protect it from disorder, and I
may thus take gradual measures for the security of men, and the
prevention of evil, hoping, and confidently hoping, that such heal
ing measures will be taken on the part of Congress, and of the
different States, as will relieve me from these anxious precautions,
Avhich in the present moment, and while some of your laws in par
ticular, threaten so much hostility I am obliged to take.

Public Papers of George Clinton. 177
Your Excellency proposes that I would name the terms on which
I shall be willing to yield the jurisdiction of any of the territory
of the State of New York, but I have nothing further of this kind
to propose. I hold nothing but for instance convenience and
security, and shall relinquish the whole with all possible speed,
under the terms and conditions held forth by the treaty, which I
wish to see with equal speed carried into mutual execution, and I
venture to hope. Sir, that a spirit of conciliation will prevail,
exceeding all terms and conditions whatever; if, therefore, any
proposition is made, it must come from your Excellency, accom
panied with such marks of returning kindness and pledges of
security as so many considerations of every kind seem strongly
to require.
The Permission which Your Excellency desires may be given to
Merchant Vessels to pass our forts and Guard Ships up the Hud
son, is what I readily assent to, and shall give, with the concur
rence of Admiral Digby, orders accordingly ; but as, by the regula
tions of this port, no ship is allowed to enter inwards or outwards
but those belonging to Great Britain and the United States, so
this distinction will remain, that whilst American Ships may
break bulk and enter here, all foreign ships whatever must pass
without being admitted to any Entry, and all ships in passing
must of course be subject to that degree of control which the con
dition of things, until the Evacuation is completed; may neces
sarily require.
I am. Sir, Your Excellency's Most obedient and most humble
Servant Guy Carleton.
His Excellency Governor Clinton.
12

178 Public Papers op George Clinton.
[No. 5049.]
Dr. John Jones Congratulates Governor Clinton on the Restora
tion of Peace and the Establishment of Independence and
Suggests Mr. Dally as a Competent Tavern Keeper.
Philadelphia, May 13th, 1783.
Dear Sir : I am happy in the present opportunity of congratu
lating you on the restoration of peace & the acknowledgment
of Independence by our late haughty foes; events which must
afford great pleasure to every genuine whig in America, but
peculiarly to those who like yourself have had so distinguished a
share in accomplishing this glorious revolution. I hope those
patriot citizens who have been so long exposed to all the suffer
ings naturally attendant on their situation, will soon be restored
to their capital & enjoy in peace their well earned freedom.
Mr. Dally, the bearer of this, is the son of an old acquaintance,
Mrs. Brock, & having approved himself a good whig is desirous
of taking the house in which Hull formerly lived, for which he
is well qualified by having kept the city Tavern here, in which
Mrs. Dally was remarkable for her extreme neatness & obliging
behaviour; with these views Mr. Dally requests an introduction
to your Excellency & your influence in procuring him an offer of
the house, where I hope his behavior will merit the public favor.
As soon as my Brother is settled in New York I intend giving
myself the pleasure of a visit to my old friends in which number
I flatter myself I may still rank your Excellency; — in the mean
time I beg you to accept my best wishes for health & happiness
in which I request Mrs. Clinton may be joined by. Sir, Your Most
obedient Humble Servant John Jones.
His Excellency Governor Clinton.

Public Papers op George Clinton. 179
[No. 5052.]
Alexander Hamilton to Governor Clinton in Regard to the Plan
for Funding the Public Debt.
Philadelphia May 14th 1783.
Sir, The President of Congress will of course have transmitted
to your Excellency the plan lately adopted by Congress for fund
ing the public debt.
This plan was framed to accommodate it to the objections of
some of the States, but this spirit of accommodation will only
serve to render it less efficient without making it more palatable.
The opposition of the State of Rhode Island for instance is
chiefly founded upon these two considerations. The Merchants
are opposed to any revenue from trade, and the State, depending
almost wholly on commerce wants to have credit for the amount
of the duties.
Persuaded that the plan now proposed will have little more
chance of Success than a better one, and that if agreed to by all
the States it will in a great measure fail in the execution, it
received my negative. My principal objections were : —
1st. That it does not designate the funds (except the impost)
on which the whole interest is to arise; and by which, (selecting
the capital articles of visible property) the collection would have
been easy; the funds productive and necessarily increasing with
the increase of the Country.
2d. That the duration of the funds is not coextensive with the
debt, but limited to twenty five years, though there is a moral
certainty that in that period the principal will not by the present
provision be fairly extinguished.
3dly. That the nomination and appointment of the collectors
of the revenue to reside in each state; instead of at least the

180 Public Papers op George Clinton.
nomination being in the United States ; the consequence of which
will be that those States which have little interest in the funds by
having a small share of the public debt due to their own citizens,
will take care to appoint such persons as are least likely to collect
the revenue.
The evils resulting from these defects will be that in many
instances the objects of the revenues will be improperly chosen
and will consist of a multitude of little articles which will on
experiment produce very little ; that for want of a vigorous collec
tion in every State, the revenue will be unproductive in many and
will fall chiefly upon those States, which are governed by most
liberal principles; that for want of an adequate security, the
evidences of the public debt will not be transferrable for any
thing like their value, that this not admitting an incorporation
of the creditors, in the nature of banks, will deprive the public of
the benefit of an increased circulation, and of course will disable
the people from paying the taxes for want of a sufficient medium.
I shall be happy to be mistaken in my apprehension but the
experiment must determine.
I hope our State will consent to the plan proposed ; because it
is her interest at all events to promote the payment of the public
debt on Continental funds (independent of the general considera
tions of union and propriety) . I am much mistaken if the debts
due from the United States to the citizens of the State of New
York do not considerably exceed its proportion of the necessary
funds; of course it has an immediate interest that there should
be a Continental provision for them. But there are Superior
motives that ought to operate in every State : the obligations of
National Faith and Honor and Reputation. Individuals have
l)een already too long sacrificed to public convenience. It will

\

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/ ^ FtMV SOUTH
/-*. ' TO STATEN I-,  S-T-
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f : I

'' 1 I « o t

MAP OF THE BATTERY IK 1783 AND 1883.

Public Papers of George Clinton. 181
he shocking and indeed eternal reproach to this country, if we
began the peaceable enjoyment of our independence by a violation
of all the principles of honesty and true policy.
It is worthy of remark that at least four filths of the domestic
debt are due to the citizens of the States from Pennsylvania
inclusive Northward.
I have the honor to be. Sir, Your most Obed. Servant A Hamilton.
P. S. It is particularly interesting that the state should have a
representation here. Not only many matters are depending which
require a full representation in Congress and there is now a thin
one ; but those matters are of a nature so particularly interesting
to our State, that we ought not to be without a voice in them. I
wish two other Gentlemen of the delegation may appear as soon
as possible ; for it would be very injurious to me to remain much
longer here. Having no future views in public life, I owe it to
my self without delay to enter upon the care of my private con
cerns in earnest. I take the liberty to inclose Y'r. Excell'y a
letter to Mr. LeRoy's son for Mr. Floyd.

[No. 5053a.]
Governor Clinton Advances Compensation to Judges Yates
and Morris and Requests the Latter to Repair Forthwith to
Westchester County as the British Troops Have Been With
drawn from that Section of the State. Pokeepsie, 14th May, 1783.
Dear Sir, I was called by his Excellency Genl. Washington to
attend a Conference with Sir Guy Carleton the day Before some
Money I expected arrived. This prevented my sending You the

182 Public Papers op George Clinton.
Sum you requested by the Post as early as I expected & will I
trust be a sufficient Appoligy for the Delay. I now Transmit
you by Mr. Montanye the Post — £220 in English Guineas & if you
will do me the Honor to pay me a Vissit the latter End of next
Week, I will discharge your whole Account as certified by the
Treasurer. This I flatter myself will be no small Inducement ; &
remember Delays are dangerous. My best Respects to Mrs. Yates,
in which Mrs. Clinton joins me & believe me to be with great
Regard & Esteem, Dr Sir, Y^our Most Obed. Servt.
His Honble. Mr. Justice Yates>.

The Governor to Mr. Chief Justice Morris.
Dr. Sir, If you will do me the Honor to call upon me any Time
next Week I will discharge your Account as certified by the
Treasurer of which I am possessed.
With best Respects to Mrs. Morris in which Mrs. Clinton joins
me, I am Dear Sir Yours sincerely Geo. Clinton.
The Honorable Chief Justice Morris.

The Chief Justice Directed to Repair to Westchester County
WITH All Possible Despatch.
Chief Justice Morris Pokeepsie, 15th May, 1783.
Dear Sir, After I had put up the enclosed Yesterday Evening
I received a Letter from Sir Guy Carleton in Answer to one I had
last Week addressed to him on the subject of his withdrawing
the British Troops from West Chester County so that the Juris
diction of the State might then take Place, by which I am in-

Public Papers of George CliNton. 183
formed that the British Troops should be withdrawn from that
County on the 13th Instant, & none sent there in future but such
small Parties as may be employed to escort Supplies going in to
the British & that Those shall cease as soon as any of our Civil
Officers shall notify to the Genl. Commanding at Kings Bridge
that they are no longer necessary.
It is, therefore, of the utmost importance that the most effectual
Measures be immediately adopted for reducing to Order & good
'government a Country which has for so long a Time been without
Law, the Scene of Violence & Outrage, & for this End as well
as to guard agt. any Violent Infraction of the Provisional Treaty
of Peace between us & Great Britain, I have to request that you
will, agreable to your Promise, repair, to that County with all
possible Dispatch, & that ou' your Way thither you will give your
Attendance at a Council I propose to be held at this Place on
Monday next two o'clock P. M. American Troops will be ad
vanced to cover & support the Civil Authorities. Your money is
ready. I am &c.

[No. 5059.]
The Council in Meeting at PoughJoeepsie Protests Against Sir Guy
Oarleton's Indifference.
At a Meeting of a Council at Pokeepsie in Dutchess County, on
Tuesday the 20th of May 1783, pursuant to the Act entitled " a
Supplementary Act to the Act to provide for the Temporary
Government of the Southern Parts of this State whenever the
Enemy shall abandon or be dispossessed of the same, and until
the Legislature can be convened "

184 Public Papers of George Clinton.
Present His Excellency the Governor:
iNIr. Chief J ustice Morris
Mr. Justice Hobart
Mr. Scott, [John Morin]
Mr. Piatt [Zephaniah]
Mr. Ward [Stephen]
Mr. Lawrence [John]
Mr. Dunscomb, [Daniel]
Mr. Tredwell [Thomas]
Mr. Harpur, [Robert]
Mr. Williams [John]
Mr. Wickes [Thomas],
Mr. Duer, [William]
His Excellency the Governor laid before the Council his Letter
to his Excellency Sir Guy Carleton of the 7th Instant and his
Excellency Sir Guy Carleton's Letter dated 13th Instant in
Answer thereto ; which being read & considered :
Resolved, that this Council approve of his Excellency the Gov
ernor's Letter of the 7th Inst, to his Excellency Sir Guy Carleton.
Resolved, that the Military Controul Exercised by his Excel
lency Sir Guy Carleton, over the City and County of New York,
Staten Island, Suffolk, Kings and Queens Counties on Long Island
(comprehending a Tract of Country of upwards Two thousand
square Miles) appears to this Council more Extensive than is-
necessary for the Convenience, and Security of his Britannic
Majesty's Troops, and Stores, that, with respect to those Counties-
it prevents at this Critical Period a Representation in the Legis
lature of this State, founded on the Immediate Choice of the
People, that it precludes Numerous Citizens from returning to

Public Papers of George Clinton. 183
their Habitations, thereby subjecting them, and others to great
Embarassment and Distress, and that it tends to keep up an Irri
tation of mind which may defeat the benevolent Intentions of the
Peace. Resolved, therefore, that it is the Earnest Desire of this Council
to obviate, as far as it may lie in their Power, these Evils; but
as his Excellency Sir Guy Carleton is alone Competent to propose
under what stipulations it might be Expedient for him to with
draw his Troops from any Part of the State at present within
his Controul, that his Excellency the Governor be desired to re
quest General Carleton to mark out with Precision what further
Parts of the Southern District of this State he would be willing
to Evacuate and what Terms, and Stipulations he would Require
on such an Evacuation as a Security to the Troops, and Stores
of his Britannic Majesty, till they may wish all Convenient Speed
be removed from this State.
Resolved, that this Council view with Regret, and Surprise the
Diffidence held up in General Carleton's Letter of the 13th May
to his Excellency the Governor, of the Disposition of this State to
observe the Articles of Peace, and that the Connecting the Idea
of Surrendering, the Jurisdiction of any Part of the Southern Dis
trict of this State with a compliance with the 5th and Sixth Pro
visional Articles, and the Requiring Pledges of Security imply a
¦Continuance of those Ideas of Military Coercion, which proved the
source of the '^Var betwixt Great Britain, and the United States.
Resolved, As the opinion of this Council, that it is the fixed
Determination of the People of this State to observe Inviolably
the Articles of Peace, Entered into betwixt Great Britain and the
United States : and that any Suggestion to the Contrary is highly
Injurious to the Honor of this State, and may prove Suggestive of

186 Public Papers op George Clinton.
the Harmony, and Conciliation which on the Return of Peace
ought to take Place.
Resolved, That his Excellency the Governor be requested to
transmit a Copy of these Resolutions to his Excellency Sir Guy
Carleton.

[5061-5062.]
Governor Clinton Forwards the Proceedings of the Cowncil Meeting
at Poughkeepsie to Sir Guy Carleton with Appropriate Comments.
Poughkeepsie, 23rd May, 1783.
Sir, I had the Honor to receive your Excellency's Letter of the
13th Inst, late on Thursday Evening last. I immediately requested
Mr. Chief Justice Morris to repair to West Chester County in
order to establish the Civil Authority in that Part of it, which
you have lately relinquished and to concert with the civil Officers
of the County the most effectual Measures for preventing any Act
of Violence which may be construed in the least Degree' against
the Spirit of the Treaty and he is now on his Way thither.
With respect to other Parts of your Excellency's Letter I es
teemed it my Duty to submit them to the Consideration of the
Council constituted by the Law a copy of which your Excellency
is possessed of and I have now the Honor of enclosing you their
Resolutions on the Subject.
Your Excellency will perceive that the Council are equally
impressed with the Idea of the Evils, which through Mr. Benson
on the earliest Accounts of Peace, and since personally I had the
Honor to represent to you would necesisarily result from the
Retention of so large a Part of the State under military Controul.
It is natural to suppose that the many hundreds of People whom
the War had banished from their Habitations for the Space of

Public Papers op George Clinton. 187
seven Years and whose Expectations were buoyed up with the
pleasing Hope of a Return to their Possessions on the News of
Peace, must suffer the keenest Mortification in the Disappoint
ment they now experience. That their unifiortunate Situations
awakens the Sympathy of others and produces a Temper which
may render it extremely difficult in Government to prevent in
Individnals those Acts of Violence which it is my earnest Wish
to restrain, and it will be easily conceived that those Resent
ments are encreased from a Consideration that their present Dis
tresses flow from a Desire to accomodate a few of their Country
men who have been opposed to them in the War and from an
apparent Diffidence in the Honor and good Faith of the State.
I beg you. Sir, to be assured, it is with infinite Pain I find
myself called upon by a Sense of Duty to enter into a Correspond
ence with your Excellency which carries' with it even the Blush
of misunderstanding at a Time when it is my anxious Desire that
anything which wears the Appearance of Discord may as far and
as soon as possible be effaced. If, therefore, after the present
Communication your Excellency still be of Opinion that you can
make no Propositions to contract the present Limits of your mili
tary Controul, our Correspondence on this Subject will cease.
You will permit me. Sir, however, before I close farther to
observe that from the Tenor of your Excellency's Orders of the
16th of February published previous to the earliest Advices of a
Peace, the Inhabitants who had abandoned their Estates within
your Lines derived Encouragement that the Profits at least would
be no longer witheld from them and all future Waste and Destruc
tion prevented; but on Peace being officially announced to us they
had the Mortification to read' a subsequent Order directing the
Keys of their Houses to be deposited in the office of Hie Command-

188 Public Papers op George Clinton.
ant of the Citj' — to be refused not only the Possession but the
Privilege of letting them to Persons within your Lines, whilst
that officer does not hesitate to lease these Tenements for new
Terms, to such as are willing to pay him a Quarter'^i Rent in
advance, and if the Informiation I have received of the Proprietors
of some Houses in the City which have been burnt down may be
credited, even the Bricks and other remaining Materials have
been suffered to be carried off by Persons who have lately sailed
from New York on Board of the British Fleet for Nova Scotia.
I submit it to your Excell'y Avhether from this Contrast there
can be discovered the faintest Traces of returning Kindness, or
that Spirit of Conciliation, which it is agreed ought to prevail
and which it has been my Study to promote on the Return of
the Blessings of Peace.
1 have the honor to be. Sir, With the highest Respect Your
Excell'ys most ob't Serv't. Geo. Clinton
His Excell'y Sir Guy Carleton.

[No. 5065.]
His Majesty's Representatives Decline to Surrender the Public
Records to John Morin Scott, Secretary of State of New
York.
At a Council held in the City of New York, on Monday, the
twenty sixth day of May 17S3 :
Present The hon'ble Andrew Elliot, Esquire his Majesty's Lt. Genl;
Mr. Chief Justice Smith; Mr. Wallace; Mr. White; Mr. Axtell;
Mr. Cruger.
His honor the Lieut. Gov'r communicated to the Board a Let
ter to his Excellency the Commander in Chief, dated Fish Kill

Public Papers of George Clinton. 189
May 15, 1783 from John Morin Scott, Esquire, and the following
is an Extract of that Part of it, which is not of a private Con
cern : " Sir — My Son has the honor of waiting on your Excel
lency, for the Purpose of procuring Possession of the Records
of this State, and conveying them to me as Secretary; — he
accordingly will beg Leave to present to you an Exemplification
of my Commission and his Deputation, with a Permission from
his Excellency the Governor to go to New York on that Business.
" He is also favoured by his Ex'y Genl. Washington with a
Pass to New York. These Credentials I flatter myself will give
him a favorable Admission to your polite Attention. On being
possessed of the Records he will give the necessary Receipt to
any Gentleman whom you may appoint for the Purpose."
And his honor desiring the Sentiments of the Board upon the
above Requisition, the Council are humbly of Opinion — That
public Records from the deep Interest which all Ranks have in
them, are assigned by Law to fixed Repositories for common
Access and Use; and to the Custody and Care of sworn officers
in regular Succession: and that they are not transferrable to
other Places; but in Case of Necessity as well to guard them
from Accidents as that their Credit and Authenticity may be
preserved immaculate and unsuspected, according to the Rules
and Maxims of Evidence.
The Records to which the Requisition alludes, belong to the
Secretary's Office, which has fromi the Commencement of the
Colonj- under the English Government been exercised and kept
in the City of New York, and is considered as established there
by Laws of the Province: nor have the Council learnt, that the
State or Power, under which Mr. Scott proposes to derive his
Commission, have interposed by any Legislative Provision, to

190 Public Papers of George Clinton.
change the Deposit to any other Place. The Council conceive
that whenever the Records, which are of inestimable Value, to
the People of the Colony, and to all others holding' Estates in
it, are to be surrendered in Discharge of national Engagements,
there cannot be too much Care taken in a Transaction so inti
mately interesting to the public Honor, to obviate every
Exception that may arise from the Neglect of the proper
Solemnities, and that the Authorities of the Receivers of them
ought to be manifested by some explicit Legislative Declaration.
They farther observe, that as the Commander in Chief excludes
none of the Inhabitants of the Colony, nor any other Person from
Access to the Metropolis, and they now all have free Recourse
to the Secretary's office, the Risk to the Records will be less by
leaving them in their present Situation, than by trusting them
to a precarious Conveyance, and afterwards to their Lodgment
in some open Country Village; they can perceive no Reason why
the Surrender of these Books, may not be one of the last Trans
actions that precede the Evacuation of the Capital. Besides it
would neither be equal nor equitable, if not an Act of manifest
Injustice as well as dangerous to the Records, to remove them
to the Northern Counties, untill the general Tranquility and good
Order shall be more fully restored, and all those Obstructions
are removed, which deprive the Inhabitants of the Southern
Counties of the Rights of Citizenship, and a free Intercourse
with the other Parts of the Colony.
The Records as Evidence of Titles, are a common Treasure and
it is impossible to forsee the infinite Mischief and Detriment,
which may happen to the thousands who have Interest in them
residing in the Southern Counties, as well as others abroad in

Public Papers op George Clinton. 191
distant Parts of the British Dominions, if they, their Agents &
Friends are subject even to a temporary Seclusion from the Bene
fit, which the Commander in Chief has already laid open to the
Northern District of the Province; where the greater of the Part
of the Papers and Books of tjie Secretary's Office now are, and
have been thro' the whole Course of the late unhappy troubles.
And it will admiit of no Controversy, but among such as are
unacquainted with this Country, that from the Circumstances
of the Lands in those Districts being the Property, in much the
largest Proportion of such as do not reside in them but in the
Southern Counties and abroad, the Interest of the latter in the
Records, and their need of Recourse to them, must deserve a
correspondent Attention.
The Council withhold their Remarks upon the Papers sent
under Exemplifications, which, however, adequate they may be
to shew Mr. Scott's Appointment to be Secretary, exhibit no
Proof of the Execution to his Son.
For the Reasons before assigned, the Transactions he proposes
as a national one, will require when the proper Juncture arrives
Ceremonials of great Notoriety, and the clearest Evidence of the
mutual Settlement of them, under the Authority of the contract
ing Powers, by Persons appointed to represent them for that
Purpose. The Council at the same time declare; they have not
the least objection to the public Communication of Copies of this
Minute, as it respects Measures of very important Concern to
the Inhabitants of the Colony in General.*
•For a brief history of New York's Records during the Revolutionary War, see
Clinton papers, printed Volume I, pp. 9-11. — Statu Histobian.

192 Public ' Papers of George Clinton.
[No. 5071.]
Resolutions Passed in the Maryland Legislature Offering Annapo
lis for the Seat of Government of the Confederation.
I In the House of Delegates, May 15th, 1783.
Charles Carroll, of Carolton, Bsquire, from the Senate delivers to Mr. Speaker a
letter from James Brice, Esquire, Mayor of the City of Annapolis, enclosing the
proceedings of the Corporation of the said City, signifying their Consent, that if-
the General Assembly will offer the City of Annapolis and its precincts to the
Honorable Congress for their permanent residence, that the said Corporation and
their constituents will most cheerfully agree to such offer, and be subject to such
jurisdiction and power Within the City and its precincts, and over the Inhabitants
and residents thereof as the General Assembly will think proper to grant to Congress.
Endowed — By the Senate May 15th, 1783 read & referred to the consideration of
the House of Delegates^By order I. Dorsey, Clk. which were read & thereupon
Ordered : That the said letter & proceedings of the Corporation of Annapolis be
referred to a Committee to Consider & report their opinion thereon and Mr. Chase,
Mr. Hall, Mr. Mechers, Mr. Stone, Mr. Quynn, Mr. GrifBth & Mr. Oneale were
appointed a Committee for that purpose. Saturday, May 24th, 1783.
The House took into consideration the report of the Committee to whom was
referred the letter from the Mayor of the City of Annapolis, enclosing the proceed
ings of the Corporation of the said City, and thereupon, came to the following
resolutions :
Resolved 1st ; That it is the Unanimous opinion of this House, the honor,
dignity and Welfare of the United States require, that their representatives should
have a fixed and permanent place of residence, with jurisdiction and authority over
all Inhabitants & Residents Within the district or territory assigned for the recep
tion of Congress and their officers, and the Ministers of Kingdoms & States in Amity
or Alliance with the United States.
Resolved 2dly. That it is the Unanimous Opinion of this House that the City
of Annapolis with its precincts, is the most eligible & proper place within the United
States for the permanent residence of the honorable Congress for the following
reasons : First the City of Annapolis is more central than any other City or Town
. in the Federal States ; and equally convenient to the Delegates to Travel there by
land or Water. Secondly The City standing within three Miles of the Bay of Chesa
peake, and on a large navigable river with a high dry soil and many springs of
excellent water, is remarkably healthy. Thirdly The Bay of Chesapeake & rivers
falling into it, will afford safe & capacious harbours for Fleets of Ships of any
size and force, and dispatches may be conveyed or received with great facility to or
from Europe or any other part of the world ; and Lastly, the City is very capable of
defence with a small force against numbers, there being only eighteen feet Water
within Ave miles thereof, and two large Creeks running on each side & heading
above the said City within a quarter of a mile of each other, and the ground in and
near the city well calculated for works of defence.
Resolved, Sdly. That it is the unanimous Opinion of this House, that the General
Assembly (the Corporation & citizens of Annapolis having signified their consent)
offer the said city, with its precincts, to the honorable Congress for their permanent
residence, and to invest that body with such Jurisdiction, authority and power within
the same, and over the Inhabitants and Residents thereof as may be required by
Congress, as necessary for the honor. Dignity, convenience & safety of that body.
Resolved, 4thly. That it is the unanimous opinion of this House, that the General
Assembly present the State House and public circle in the City of Annapolis (exclu
sive of the Schoolhouse & Court House of Anne Arundel County and Loan Office
standing on the said circle) to the honorable Congress for their use.

Public Papers op George Clinton. 193
Resolved, 5thly. That it is the Unanimous Opinion of this house that the General
Assembly present to Congress, the buildings and ground in the said City appropri
ated for the residence of the Governor of this State for the habitation of their
President. Resolved, 6thly. That it is the Unanimous Opinion of this house that the General
Assembly offer to Congress to erect, at the expence of this State, Thirteen dwelling
Houses & other buildings for the residence of the Delegates of each of the thirteen
Confederated States, and that a sum not exceeding thirty thousand pounds specie
be applied for that purpose.
Resolved, 7thly. That it is the Opinion of this House that a copy of the proceed
ings of the corporation of the city of Annapolis be transmitted with the determina
tion of the General Assembly to the honorable Congress.
By the senate, May 26, 1783. Read and assented to By order J : Dorsey, Clk.
In Testimony that the aforegoing are true Extracts from the Journal of the pro
ceedings of the House Delegates of the State of Maryland, I have hereto set my
hand this 30th day of May 1783. W. Harwood, CI : Ho : Del :

[Nos. 5079-a-_5080.] ,
The Second New York Line through Its Officers Presents the
Colors of the Regiment to Governor Clinton.
Cantonment, June 5th, 1783.
Sir, Permit me the pleasure of informing you that the officers
of the Second New York Regiment (in Testimony of their attach
ment and Esteem) intend doing themselves the honor of present
ing your Excellency with their Regimental Standard Colours and
instruments of Musick and will be glad to know if it will be agre
able for you to receive them at your House in Poughkeepsie on
Saturday or Sunday next.
I have the honor to be with all Esteem Your Excellencys Very
Hum. Ser't. P. Cortlandt.
His Excellency Governor Clinton.

The Governor's Acknowledgments.
Sir, I am highly honored by the singular Mark of Attention
intended me by the Officers of the 2d New York Regiment
13

194 Public Papers op George Clinton.
expressed in your Polite Letter of the 5th Instant. I shall be
happy in waiting upon them at my Home on Saturday next & the
Pleasure of their Company at Dinner on that Day, which I woud
fain Hope from the present Situation of the Army will not be
inconvenient. I have the Honor to be with the highest Esteem & Respect, Sir,
Your most Obed. Serv't. Geo : Clinton.

Colonel Van Cortlandt's Address to Governor Clinton.
Sir, We, the officers of the Second New York Regiment, finding
the period at hand, when we may with honor to ourselves and
safety to our Country, relinquish our military pursuits, and
exchange the arduous business of war for the ease and tranquillity
of private life, beg leave to anticipate the moment of dissolution,
and collectively to assure your Excellency of the grateful sense
we entertain of your Excellency's uniform exertions to lessen
the evils to which we have been particularly exposed, and sweeten
our passage thro' the War.
As a testimony of our gratitude and affection, we take the free
dom to lay before your Excellency oiir military Ensigns and
Instruments of music, and sensible as we are of the honor we
shall derive from your Excellencys acceptance of them, we should
do injury to our feelings were we not to assure your Excellency,
of the pleasure we enjoy in idea, from the anticipation of our
speedy return to the class of Citizens, in a State, the supreme
Majesty whereof is vested in your Excellency.
We have the honor to be, with every sentiment of respect and

Public Papers op George Clinton.

195

esteem, your Excellency's most obed't. and very humble Serv'ts.
Cantonment 0th June, 1783.
P. Cortlandt, Colo; R. Cochran", Lt. Colo; Nich's Fish, Major;
Henry V. D. Burgh, Capt; Samuel P611, Capt;

Henry Pawling, Capt; ^
Benjamin Walker, Capt;
Theo'ds. Fowler, Capt ;
Israel Smith, Capt;
Sam'l. Dodge, Lieut ;
Joseph Frelick, Lt ;
Charles F. Weissenfels, Lieut; Eph'ni. Woodruff, Lieut;

Jac. Wright, Capt;
John F. Hamtramck, Capt ;
Jon'a. Hallett, Capt;
Christ'r. Hutton, Lt. & Adj ;
Wm. Colbreath, Lt & QM ;

Daniel Deniston, Lieut;
James Johnston, Lt;
Sam'l. Tallmadge, Lt;
Neh. Carpenter, Es'gn ;
Wm. Peters, Ens'n ;
Barnardus Swartwout, Ens'n ;
Abner Prior, Surg. Mate;

R. V. Howenbargh, Lt ;
James Fairlie, Lieut ;
Sam'l. Dodge, Ens'n ;
Bart'w. V. Derburgh Ens'n ;
Da'I. Menema, Surgeon.

Governor Clinton's Reply to the Officers.
Gentlemen : I want Words to express the grateful Sense I have
of the Honor confeiTed on me by this Polite Testimony of your
attachment & esteem.
The distinguished Character of your Regiment for discipline &
Firmness, and the high Esteem 1 have for its Officers, stamp a
value on this Gift Token that will ever make me regard it as the
choicest Treasure.
Permit me. Gentlemen, on this Occasion to mention the Great
Pleasure it gives me in observing the chearful Disposition with

19'6 Public Papers op George Clinton.
which you are returning to the Line of Civil Life. This additional
Display of public Virtue, reflects fresh Lustre on the Laurels you
have acquired, in the Field, and cannot fail of securing to you and
the brave Men whom you command, that Justice and gratitude
to which your Manly Services & virtuous perseverance gives you
the fairest Title. Geo. Clinton.
Pokeepsie, 7th June, 1783.

[No. 5082.]
THE COUNTRY'S PERIL.
Correspondence Relating to the Disaffection of the Army Over the
Proposition to Send the Troops Home Without Pay — Washing
ton to President Boudinot. *Head Quarters, June 7th, 1783.
Sir, I have the honor to enclose to your Excellency the copy of
an addressf to me from the Generals and Officers commanding
ii'egiments & Corps, together with my answer to them. These en-
..'losures will explain the distresses which resulted from the
measures now carrying into execution in consequence of the reso
lutions of Congress of the 26th of May. But the sensibility
occasioned by a parting scene under such peculiar circumstances
will not admit of description. The two subjects of complaint
with the Army appear to be the delay of the three months pay
which had been expected and the want of a settlement of accounts.
•This letter of Washington was referred to a committee of Congress consisting of
Messrs. Alexander Hamilton of New York, Theodoric Bland and James Madison of
Virginia, who on June 19th, 1783 made the following report:
"Resolved, That copies of the letter from the commander in chief, of the 7th inst.
with the papers enclosed, be transmitted to the several states for their information,
and that their attention be re-oalled to the resolutions of the 2d of May last, to
facilitate the punctual payment of the notes issued to the army on account of their
pay. Resolved, That the commander in chief be informed. Congress approve the varia
tion made by him in the manner of furloughing the troops." Journals of Congress,
19th of June, 1783.
tThe address to which Washington alludes represented the distresses resulting
from the measures incident to the resolution of Congress of May 26th.

Public Papers of George Clinton. 197
I have thought myself authorized to assure them Congress had and
would attend to their grievances, and have made some little varia
tion respecting furloughs from what was at first proposed. The
Secretary at War will be able to explain the rea,?on and propriety
of this alteration. While I consider it a tribute of justice on thi?
occasion to mention the temperate and orderly behaviour of the
whole Army & particularly the accommodating spirit of the Offi
cers in arranging themselves to the command of the battalions
Avhich will be composed of the three years men, permit me to re-
cal to mind all their former sufferings and merits and to recom
mend their reasonable requests to the early & favorable notice of
Congress. With the greatest respect &ca., (signed) Go. Washington.
His Excellency The President of Congress.

General Heath to General Washington — The Distresses op
the Army.
Sir, It is difficult for us to express the regret we feel at being
obliged again to solicit your Excellency's attention & patronage.
Next to the anguish which the prospect of our own wretchedness
excites in our breasts, is the pain which arises from a knowledge
of your anxiety on account of those men who have been the sharers
of your fortunes, and have had the honor of being your Com
panions thro' the various vicissitudes of the war. Nothing, there
fore, but necessity could induce us ifo a representation, which we
know must give you concern.
Your Excellency has so intimate a knowledge of the condition
of the Army as to render a particular delineation unnecessary.
As you have been a witness of our sufferings during a .war uncom-

198 Public Papers of George Clinton.
mon in its nature, and unparalleled in many circumstances
attending it, so you are now. Sir, no less a witness of the unequal
burthen which has fallen upon us from the want of that pro
vision, to which from our assiduous & unremitting services we
conceive we are entitled. Having recently expressed our sense
of what was due to our distress, having repeated from your Excel
lency the confidence we had that our accounts would be liquidated,
the balances ascertained and adequate; funds provided for pay
ment previous to our being dispersed or disbanded — Shaving seen
with pleasure the approbation which Congress gave of our reli
ance: it is with a mixture of astonishment & chagrin that we
view the late resolve of Congress, by which the soldiers for the
war, and a proportionate number of Officers are to be furloughed
without any one of those important objects being accomplished
and to compleat the scene of woe are to be compelled to leave
the Army without the means of defraying the debts which we
have necessarily incurred in the course of service or even of grati
fying those Menials in the pittance which is their due, much less
to carry with us that support & comfort to our families, of which
from our long military services they have been deprived. No less
exposed than to the insults of the meanest followers of the Army,
than to the arrests of the Sheriff, deprived of the ability to assist
our families & without an evidence that anything is due to us
for our services and consequently without the least prospect of
obtaining credit for even a temporary subsistence until we can
get into business. To what quarter can we look? We take the
liberty to say. Sir, only to your Excellency, and from the sin
cerity of our hearts we do it, no less from a persuasion 'of the
efficiency of your farther efforts in our favor, than from the kind
assurances you have been pleased to give us of your support.

Public Papers of George Clinton. 199
To your Excellency then we make our appeal & in the most
solemn manner, from that abhorrence of oppression & injustice,
which first unsheathed our swords, from the remembrance of the
common dangers thro' which we have passed, and from the recol
lection of those astonishing events which have been effected by
your united efforts, permit us to solicit your further aid & to
entreat that the order of the 2d instant founded on the act of
Congress of the 26th May last, may be suspended or varied in
its operation so far as that ho officer or soldier be obliged to
receive a furlough until that honorable Body can be apprized
of the wretched situation into which the Army must be plunged
by a conformity to it — that your Excellency will endeavor to
prevail on Congress, nay that on the principles of common jus
tice, you will insist that neither Officer or soldier Le compelled
to leave the field until a liquidation of accounts can be effected,
till the balances are ascertained, certificates for the sums due
given, including the commutation of half pay to the Officers and
a gratuity of eighty dollars to the soldiers, and till a supply of
money can be furnished sufficient to carry us from the field of
glory with honor to ourselves and credit to our Country. We
still wish to believe, that that Country to which we have been so
long devoted, will never look with indifference on the distresses
of those of her sons who have so essentially contributed to the
establishment of freedom, the security of property & the rearing
of an Empire. In the name and behalf of the Generals and Offi
cers .commanding regiments & Corps in the Cantonment of Hud-
sons river, I have the honor to be &ca.
(signed) W. Heath, Major Genl. President.
His Excell'y. Genl. Washington.

300 Public Papers of George Clinton.
General Washington to General Heath.
Head Quarters, June 6th, 1783.
Sir, Before I make a reply to the subject of the address of the
Generals and Officers commanding the regiments & Corps of the
Army presented by yourself yesterday, I entreat that those Gen
tlemen will accept my warmest acknowledgements for the confi
dence they have been pleased to repose in me. They may be
assured it shall never be abused ; and I beg they will be persuaded
that as no man can possibly be better acquainted than I am with
the past merits & services of the Army, so no one can possibly
be more strongly impressed with their present ineligible situa
tion, feel a keener sensibility at their distresses or more ardently
desire to alleviate or remove them. But it would be unneces
sary perhaps to enter into a detail of what I have done & what I
am still attempting to do in order to assist in the accomplish
ment of this interesting purpose. Let it be sufficient to observe
I do not yet despair of success. For I am perfectly convinced
that the states cannot without involving themselves in national
bankruptcy & ruin, refuse to comply with the requisitions of
Congress, who it must be acknowledged have done every thing in
their power to obtain ample and compleat justice for the Army
and whose great object in the present measure undoubtedly was
by a reduction of expences to enable the Financier to make three
months payment to the Army, which on all hands has been agreed
to be absolutely & indispensibly necessary. To explain this matter
I beg leave to insert an extract of a letter from the Superin
tendant of Finance dated the 29th Ult:
" It is now above a mrnth since the committee conferred with me on that subject
& I then told them no payment could be made to the Army but by means of a
paper anticipation and unless our expenditures were immediately and considerably
reduced even that could not be done. Our expenditures have nevertheless been
continued and our revenues lessen, the States growing daily more and more remiss
in their collections. The consequence is that I cannot make payment In the manner

Public Papers op George Clinton. 201
first intended. The notes issued for this purpose would have been payable af two,
four & six months from the dates but at present they will be at six months and
even that will soon become impracticable unless our expences be immediately cut-
tailed. I shall cause such notes to be issued for three months pay to the Army & I
must entreat. Sir, that every influence be used with the States to absorb them
together with my other engagements by taxation."
Three days ago a Messenger was dispatched to me to urge the
necessity of forwarding these notes with the greatest possible
expedition. Under this state of circumstances I need scarcely add the
expence of every day in feeding the whole Army will increase
very considerable the inability of the public to discharge the debts
already incurred at least for a considerable time to come.
Although the officers of the Army very well know my official
situation, that I am only a servant of the public and that it is
not for me to dispense with orders which it is my duty to carry
into execution ; yet as furloughs in all services are considered as
a matter of indulgence & not of compulsion, as Congress and I am
persuaded entertain the best disposition towards the Army & as
I apprehend in a very short time the two principal articles of
complaint will be removed — until the further pleasure of Con
gress can be known, I shall not hesitate to comply with the wishes
of the Army under these reservations only that Officers sufficient
to conduct the men who chuse to receivei furloughs will attend
them either on furlough or by detachment. The propriety & neces
sity of this measure must be obvious to all ; it need not, therefore,
be enforced. And with regard to the Non Commissioned Officers
and privates, such as from a peculiarity of circumstances wish
not to receive furloughs at this time, will give in their names by
12 O'clock to morrow to the Commanding Officers of their Regi
ments, that on a report to the Adjutant General an equal number
of men engaged for three years may be furloughed, which will
make the saving of expences exactly the same to the public.

202 Public Papers op George Clinton.
I cannot but hope the notes will soon arrive & that the settle
ment of accounts may be compleated by the assistance of the Pay
Masters in a very few days. In the mean time I shall have the
honor of laying the sentiments of the Generals & Officers com
manding regiments & Corps before Congress. They are expressed
in such a decent, candid & affecting manner that I am certain
every mark of attention will be paid to them.
I have the honor to be &ca. (signed) Go: Washington.
Major Genl. Heath.

[No. 5087.]
New York State Unrepresented in Congress.
(Circular) Poughkeepsie, June 9th, 1783.
Sir, Inclose You Copy of a Letter, I this day rec'd from the
President of Congress, pressing an immediate representation of
this State.
It gives me pain to mention that the State has been without a
Representation ever since the first of May and that Colo. Hamil
ton the only Member now attending has signified to me his Inten
tion of leaving Philadelphia, he having served the Time agreed
upon for his Attendance there in the first Instance.
It is the Business of the Delegates to make such Arrangements
among themselves as to prevent the State being unrepresented,
as I can have no agency therein but barely that of informing
You of what ought not to have taken place.
I would only observe that the Want of Money cannot be given
in Excuse for Non Attendance, as I have, for this month past,
stood ready to advance to the Gentlemen who were to relieve the

Public Papers op George Clinton. 203
late attend'g Members as I am authorized by the Law passed the
last session.
I have the Honor to be, with respect, & Esteem, Sir, Your Obed.
Servt.

The Honble. John Morin Scott, Esquire
The Honble. James Duane, Esquire &
The Honble. Ezra L'Hommedieu Esquire.

George Clinton.

[No. 5089.]
S.ir Guy Carleton to Governor Clinton as to Inquiries He is Mak
ing about Sundry Facts.
New York, 10th June, 1783.
Sir, I address your Excellency in the present Moment only
to acknowledge the Receipt of your Letter of the 28th of May,
reserving an Answer 'till such Time as I shall be acquainted
with the Result of those Enquiries, I have caused to be made,
relative to sum of the Facts stated by your Excellency, and in
the mean time, am sensible of, and obliged by, the Civility and
Politness of your letter.
I am. Sir, your &c &c G. Carleton.
His Excell'y Gov'r. Clinton.

[No. 5096.]
A British Order for the Restoration of Property to Proprietors in
Southern New York.
Head Quarters, New York, 16th June, 1783
ORDERS -^
The proprietors of houses or land lately evacuated, will apply
to Lieut. General Campbell for the possession of those on Long
Island; to Brig'r General Birch for those on New York Island;

204 Public Papers of George Clinton.
and to Brigadier General Bruce for those on Staten Island ; these
General Officers will be pleased to cause all such Estates to be
immediately delivered to the proprietors, or to their attornies,
unless where they may see sufficient reasons for retaining them
some time longer, which reasons they will report to the Com
mander in Chief. In like manner all Estates which shall here
after be Evacuated, are to be surrendered up to the proprietors.
01 : DeLancey, Adjt. General.

[No. 5097.]
Favorable Report from the Finance Department — The Adminis
tration of Robert Morris Warmly Commended.
By the United States in Congress Assembled June 17th, 1783.
Congress took into consideration the report of the Committee
appointed to enquire fully into the proceedings of the Office of
Finance and the same being read — •
Ordered, That it be entered on the Journal, as follows :
The Committee appointed to examine into the transactions of
the Office of Finance having compleated that enquiry to the 1st
January 1783 report: That it appears to them the business of
that office has been conducted with great ability and assiduity
in a manner highly advantageous to the United States and in
conformity with the system laid down by Congress.
In the course of this enquiry the Committee have found that
since the appointment of the Superintendent of Finance, the pub
lic Accounts of receipts and expenditures have been regularly
and punctually kept; that many of the Accounts which preceded
this institution have already been settled and most of the others
put into a train of adjustment.

Public Papers of George Clinton. 205
That all the Persons who have entrusted with public Money
under the present appointment have been regularly called upon
for an account of it's expenditure, and that their Accounts have
all been furnished, excepting only the Quarter Master General,
the Surveyor of the Hospital, the late Commissary General of
Prisoners and the Accounts of issues of Cloathing from the
Cloathier General. The reasons which have prevented the set
tlement of their accounts will appear in their correspondence
with the Superintendent on that subject.
The Committee find by the correspondence of the office that
the States have all been called upon for an Account of the Spe
cifics by them respectively supplied for the use of the Continent;
but that no answers have yet been given nor any accounts fur
nished. And that a number of People who have heretofore been
entrusted with public money do still neglect or refuse to settle
their accounts and that for want of laws in the several States,
the superintendant has it not in his power to compel them to a
proper settlement.
In examining the reforms which have been made in the public
expenditures, the attention of the Committee was necessarily
called to the expenditures of former years, for the particulars
of which they refer to the papers C No. 1 to 7. In comparing
these expenditures with the present and making every allowance
for the difference of times and circumstances, the Committee are
of opinion that the order and Oeconomy which has been intro
duced since the establishment of this office has been attended with
great savings of public Money, as well as many other beneficial
Consequences. Among other reforms they find, that in the Department of Com
missary of Issues, no less than two hundred and fifty persons

206 Public Papers of George Clinton.
were discharged whose Pay (exclusive of Rations for themselves
and their Horses) amounted to 126,300 Dollars per annum. That
in one instance a demand was made for one thousand Tons of
Hay; for the Post of Philadelphia of which Ten Tons only were
granted, the residue being rendered unnecessary by the new
arrangement. They find that under the present administration, the whole
Sum which has been brought into the public Treasury from the
14th day of May 1781, to the 1st of January 1783 amounts
to: Dollars 2,726,334
That the whole expenditure for that Period amounts to 3,131,046
Out of which has been paid to the Army 439,574
That there was expended for Rations for the Army in
1782 617,152
That the Quarter Master General's Department in 1782
is charged with 343,697
And the Medical Department in that year 22,629
That the expenditures in 1782 exceeded the Receipts, 404,713
dollars which was supplied by a circulation in the Notes of the
Superintendant of Finance.
Upon comparing the accounts of the public Receipts and ex
penditures (exhibited to Congress) with the Books of the Treas
ury, they found that they had been fairly and Regularly stated,
and it appears to them that the Business of that Office is con
ducted with great diligence and accuracy, and in conformity
with the rules laid down by Congress.
With respect to the foreign Money transactions, the Committee
confined their enquiry particularly to what respected the Super
intendant of Finance and find that the Bills of Exchange which
he has drawn is duly credited at the Treasury.

Public Papers of George Clinton. 207
On Motion, Ordered: That a Committee be appointed to con
sider what further measures may be necessary to compel persons
who have received public Monies to Account.

[No. 5099.]
Sir Guy Carleton Assures Governor Clinton that His Policy of
Conciliation Has Not. Diminished Despite Many Vexatious
Impediments. New York, 18th June, 1783.
Sir, I enclose for your Excellency's notice, a report which I
have received from the Commandant of the town, concerning
certain facts stated in your letter of the 23d of May last, together
with my orders of the 16th instant.
Your Excellency has been pleased to suppose that my public
conduct has been less conciliatory since the advices of peace than
it had the appearance of being before that period, and you have
stated certain instances within both periods considered as con
trasted to each other. I think it proper, therefore, to remove
from' your mind any impression of this sort, and to effect this
I have only to call your attention to the very different circum
stances which those different situations have produced. Before
the advices of peace, I was in the condition of making voluntary
arrangements, and executing them in the most convenient detail,
but after this event, whilst every person who attempted to go
from hence, into any part of the country beyond our limits, was
driven back, multitudes crowded in, and the demands exceeded
all the means of an orderly and practical execution, and were
often urged with too much impatience. Menaces & insults used
by some of the Claimants towards those whom I not only esteem
for their personal worth, but whom I found myself obliged to

208 PijBLic Papers op George Clinton.
protect, rendered it absolutely necessary to interpose some check,
and to convince those of illiberal disposition, that menaces might
draw after them some what more than disregard ; yet I must say
that, the circumstances of the times considered, there are fewer
instances of this sort than might have been expected. Hitherto
I have not relaxed an hour in those measures, which appeared
most likely to accelerate the evacuation of this place, and of
convincing those, whose minds are open to conviction, that real
conciliation was the great object of my wish.
With respect to the rents of houses which, your Excellency
remarks, are not paid over to the owners without the lines, it
may be proper to observe, that rents, on both sides, are, by the
peace, as it should appear, become a matter of account; confis
cations, as well of personal as real property, have, by each party
been made, and will, I trust, by each, be fina;lly renounced ; your
renunciations indeed will be much the more valuable, but will
yet bear no proportion to those boundless concessions we have
made ; many are the considerations which ought on both sides to
produce reconciliation and friendship; many are the considera
tions, besides those arising out of compact, which ought, on
your side, to induce so conciliatory an act; but there are some.
Sir, of indelible obligation which should spontaneously arise, and
which I trust will universally prevail.
As to that part of your letter which respects the relinquish
ment of a certain part of the territory of the State of New York,
at present included within our lines, and which your Excellency
thinks may be done upon certain accommodations; I admit that
so large a part of the State cannot be withheld for an hour with
out inconvenience, but it is an evil which I know not how to
remedy without incurring greater evils, and of this I am by daily

Public Papers op George Clinton. 209
experience more and more convinced. I wish that all the bless
ings of peace could, on all sides, be possessed in a day, but there
must be some mutual inconveniences and some unavoidable de
lay, and whilst all the advantages you are to receive are in hasty
preparation to be delivered up, a due and patient regard should,
on your side be had, to the convenience and security of those
from whom they are to be received ; more than this I do not look
for, and this I am undoubtedly entitled to expect, nor have I any
propositions to make on this subject, not being aware of any
proportional good to be obtained by subjecting those I command,
or those I protect to unnecessary ill; and it is on this ground I
have expected, that, if any propositions are to pass on this point,
they are to come from your Excellency.
I have received the information you have been pleased to give
me, concerning the measures taking in West Chester, with great
satisfaction. I shall, therefore, hope that all such barbarities
are at an end, as have been committed, not by a few banditti or
obscure persons, availing themselves of the absence of justice,
but by fifty armed men, ordered out and led by Captain Isaac
Honeywell, Junr., a person dignified by places of confidence. It
has been said he acted agreeable to instructions, and that since
these enormities he has received, not marks of disapprobation,
but of favor: of his exploits on that expedition your Excellency
may be more particularly informed by the depositions delivered
to Chief Justice Morris on the 1st instant by Captn. Bibby, Dep'y
Adjutant General.
I have also attestations of great violence committed on men
under my protection, who, on the faith of the late treaty, have
passed into the different States, but I have considered these acts
as the effects of interested rage in individuals only, and I daily
14

210 Public Papers of George Clinton.
expect that the governing powers of these States will effectually
interpose. I enclose the copy of a deposition of William Hunt, which I
think deserving of your Excellency's attention. I do not wish
to press considerations, which I am sure your own good sense
and liberal principles will very amply supply.
I am. Sir, Your Excellency's Most obedient and most humble
Servant, Guy Carleton.
His Excellency Governor Clinton

[No. 5101.]
President Boudinot Forwards the Heath-Washington Corre
spondence to Several States as an Object Lesson.
Circular Philadelphia, 20 June, 1783.
Sir, I am honored with the commands of Congress to enclose
to your Excellency copies of two letters from the Commander in
Chief,* and of an address to him from the officers of the Northern
Army. The design of Congress in this measure is to call the attention
of your Legislature to the Resolution of Congress of the 2d of
May last, as a subject of great and important consequence to our
brave and worthy Fellow Citizens, who have suffered so much and
so patiently for the common Good of our Country, during seven
or eight tedious and dangerous campaigns. Their sufferings de
serve the careful attention of the States, who, I doubt not, will
rejoice in an opportunity of rewarding their Toils by a strict
fulfilment of all the public engagements.
I have the honor to be, with great respect. Sir, Your Excel
lency's Most obedient & very humb. Serv't.

Elias Boudinot.

•See Document 5082— page 198.— State Historian.

MANUSCRIPT VOL. XVIII.

[No. 5112.]
Governor Clinton Further Expostulates with Sir Guy Carleton
for His Obstructive Tactics, Especially Regarding the Public
Records of the State. Poughkeepsie, 1st July, 1783
Sir, I have the honor to acknowledge the Receit of your Ex
cellency's Letter of the 18th Ulto. It arrived in my absence from
home which must be my Apology for not answering it sooner.
For Reasons assigned in my Letter of the 23rd of May, as your
Excellency has not thought proper to propose any Time on which
you would be willing to contract the Limits of your present mili
tary Controul — I shall forbear to enter in a farther Discussion
of that Subject, and confine myself to such of your Excellency's
Communications as relate to the renting out the Houses belong
ing to Persons who had abandoned their Estates and to Dis
orders said to have been committed in Westchester County by
some of the Inhabitants of this State.
Your Excellency must be sensible that the Articles of Peace
are the only Criterion by which we are to determine the Pro
priety of Measures on either Sjde, and I flatter myself, that if
the Reasons assigned by your Excellency for retaining and rent
ing out the Houses in Question are brought to this Test and can
didly reviewed, they will be discovered to be unavailing. The
Articles are explicit that the British Troops are to be withdrawn
from the Country with all convenient Speed, and neither ex-

212 Public Papers of George Clinton.
pressly'nor by Implication is there a Right reserved to the British
Commander in Chief, for the Exercise of any Authority or for
any Measures not necessary for the Convenience and Security of
his Troops: and I cannot view as requisite to either of these
Purposes, the withholding of the Houses or the Receit and Ap
propriation of the Rents on the Part of your Excellency. On
this Principle also I must beg Leave to contest a Sentiment in
your Excellency's Letter intimating that you was obliged to in
troduce a Check to the Menaces and Insults of some of the
Claimants for Houses in order to protect those whom you not
only esteem for their personal Worth, but whom you found your
self obliged to protect. I presume. Sir, that whatever Protection
these Persons are entitled to they derive from the Treaty, and to
grant them any other Kind of Protection would be a Substitution
of Force in the Stead of Compact and would tend to destroy a
Spirit of Harmony and Conciliation which must cease in some
Degree whenever a Want of mutual Confldence is discovered to
have taken Place.
Your Excellency observes that Rents on both Sides are by the
Peace become a Matter of Account; that Conflscations as well of
personal as real Property have by each Party been made and will
be finally renounc'd. On the most attentive Perusal of the
Articles of Peace, I cannot find a Provision for Matters of Ac
count, nor have I ever before heard that Great Britain had con
fiscated any of the Property of the Subjects of the United States
except Captives at Sea, and it does not appear from the Treaty
that they are to be restored. I cannot see, therefore, how the
Reasoning contained in these Observations of your Excellency
will justify the withholding the Rents of the Houses from the
Proprietors residing without the British Lines. If the Rents in

Public Papers of George Clinton. 213
Question or the Negroes and other Property that have been car
ried off are to be considered as composing the Confiscations
alluded to by your Excellency, I would beg Leave to observe, that
in this Case they are Conflscations made subsequent to the Treaty
and may afford a Precedent for Measures which I should have
considered as repugnant to the Spirit of it. With Respect to
the Report of the Commandant of the City, which your Ex
cellency was pleased to transmit to me, I have only to remark
that it does not meet the object of my last Letter; for if the
Rents are to be withheld from the Proprietors of the Houses, it
is obvious they can have no Interest in the Measures which that
Officer may have thought proper to adopt to insure the Payment
of them to the Treasurer of your Vestry.
As to the Violence said to have been committed by Mr. Honey
well and others in Westchester, your Excellency will recollect that
the first Notice I had of the Time when you certainly intended to
withdraw your Troops from that County, was your Letter of the
13th May, the very Day on which they were withdrawn, and your
Letter did not reach me untill the 19th, during which Time and
before I could have possibly taken Measures for the Reestablish-
ment of Government for preserving the Peace in that Part of the
State, the Injuries complained of, it seems, were perpetrated —
they were, however, the mere Acts of Individuals unauthorized
and uncountenanced by Government; and for which I have no
Doubt that the Perpetrators will be brought to Justice. Your
Excellency may be assured, notwithstanding any Information
you may have received respecting this Matter, that Mr. Honeywell
had no Authority or Instructions from Government, and so far
from receiving Marks of Favour, that this Affair on the first

214 Public Papers op George Clinton.
Notice, I had of it was recommended to the Courts of Justice as
an Object proper for their Inquiry.
With Respect to the Case of Mr. Hunt, I have transmitted his
Deposition to the Chief Justice who is still in that Quarter with
Directions to examine into his Complaint, and to afford him
every Redress which he may be entitled to by the Laws of the
State. Your Excellency will permit me to add, that in every Instance
of Violence which has come to my Knowledge, I have directed the
Matter to be put in a Course of Inquiry and Redress : and I con
fide that Measures have not been omitted on the Part of your
Excellency to prevent a Repetition of the Excesses that have
been committed by Parties from within your Lines, which in
some Instances have been attended with Circumstances of great
Aggravation. It is with great Regret I discover a Diversity of Sentiment
between us on a new Subject in which this State is deeply inter
ested, and on which I conceive it my Duty to avail myself of the
present Opportunity to address your Excellency.
By the treaty of Peace, all Archives, Records, Deeds and Papers
are to be forthwith restored and delivered to the proper States
and Persons to whom they belong, and as no particular Form
or Solemnity for the Demand or Delivery is defined, I concluded
that if the Demand was made under Circumstances furnishing
reasonable Evidence, that the Person who made it was duly
authorized to receive them, they would have been delivered with
out Difficulty or Delay, and I supposed Mr. Scott, Depy. Secy.
of the State, who lately waited upon your Excellency was pro
vided with competent Credentials to evince his Authority to re
ceive the Records &c. appertaining to the Secretary's Office of

PuBLifi Papers of George Clinton. 215
this State, I was not a little surprised, therefore, to find that his
Application met with a Refusal, grounded on Reasons contained
in what was delivered to him as the Proceedings of a Council held
in the City of New York on the 26th of May last. Those Pro
ceedings appear intended as an Answer to the Requisition for
the Records, and I cannot refrain from observing that I found
myself much embarrassed as to the Manner in which I was to
take Notice of them. The Independency and Sovereignty of these
States is the Basis of the Treaty and his Britannic Majesty has
thereby relinquished all Claim to the Government &c. — they are,
therefore, by both Parties to be considered as absolute, inde
pendent Sovereignties from the Instant the Treaty took Effect,
and that every Person who claimed to be a public officer of the
late Colony of New York. under the Authority of the Crown of
Great Britain should still presume to exercise his office within
any Part of this State, is utterly incompatible with this Idea;
and he possibly commits an offence, against which there is no
Indemnity provided for him in -the Treaty. Denying the very
Existence of this Council and their Authority to interpose, it
would be superfluous in me to make my remarks on the Impro
priety and extreme Futility of the Reasons assigned by them
for withholding the Records.
Your Excellency will perceive that the different subjects on
which I have taken the Liberty to address you in this, and my
former Letters, relate immediately to this .State and it, there
fore, became my Duty as the Chief Executive to interfere in the
first Instance. Having now received your Excellency's Answer
and fully explained my own Sentiments on these Points, and
anxiously waiting to avoid as far as possible everything which
has the least Appearance of Altercation, I shall rest satisfied

216 Public Papers of George Clinton.
with communicating our Correspondence to the Sovereign of
these States, submitting it to them to interfere as they shall judge
expedient. I have the honor to be with Respect &c.
G. C.
To his Ex'y. Sir Guy Carleton.

[No. 5116.]
President Boudinot Forwards Governor Clinton an Act of Con
gress Calling Upon the States to Complete Their Representation
in Congress. Princeton, July 3d, 1783
Sir, I have the honor to enclose to your Excellency, an Act of
Congress of Y'esterday, on a Subject of more real Importance to
the United States, than seems generally supposed.
I am sorry to trouble your Excellency so often on this Subject,
but the increasing distress of many of the Citizens of these States,
arising from the want of a fuller Representation in Congress, will
fully Justify every Exertion to remedy this growing Evile.
I have the honor to be with very great respect & Esteem, Sir,
Your Hble. Servt. Elias Boudinot.
His Excellency Governor Clinton.
By The United States in Congress assembled July 2a, 1783.
Whereas by the Confederation the assent of nine States is requisite to the determi
nation of matters of principal importance to the United States and the representation
in Congress has for some time past generally consisted of less than that number
of States in consequence whereof the public at an Interesting Juncture has suffered
and continues to suffer great delay and embarrassment
Resolved That the States which are not present In Congress be Informed that
It is indispensible they should without loss of time send forward a Delegation to
Congress. Chas. Thomson, Sec'y.

Public Papers op George Clinton. 217
[No. 5118.]
Officers of the Neio York Society of the Cincinnati.
Newburg, July 5th, 1783.
Sir, We have the honor to inform your Excellency— that on
opening and Counting the Ballots for Officers of the New York
State Society of the Cincinnati,* the following persons were
found to be Elected by a Majority of Votes— Viz :
Major General McDougall President
His Excellency Governor Clinton
Brigadier General Vice Presid't
Lieut Colonel Walker Secretary
Colonel Cortlandt Treasurer
Major Fish Assis't. Treasurer.
With the highest respect we have the honor to be. Sir, Your
Excellencys Most Obed't. Serv'ts.
B. Walker — J. Smith, Comm'ee.
His Excelency Gov. Clinton.

[No. 5129.]
George Fisher Reports to Governor Clinton Issues of Vast Quan
tities of Counterfeit Bills and the Apprehension of Several
Offenders.
Sir; I have the Honor of acquainting Your Excellency, for some
Time back considerable Quantities of counterfitt Morris's, Hille-
gas's & Soldiers Notes for Con'tt. as also to a great Amount of
Hampshire, Massachusetts Connect't. & New Jersey New Emmis-
sion Money has been putt of to sundry People in this City; also
• The Society of the Cincinnati was created at the suggestion of General Henry
Knox. The original meeting was held at Fishkill before the officers of the army
separated. — State Historian.

218 Public Papers of George Clinton.
send into the Country; chiefly done by Persons from Connect't
who have come within these Lines with the opening of the Com
munication. On the Evening of the 6th Ins't. a certain William
May, of Massachusetts, formerly a Preist at Petersham & Hard-
wick, paid me two Fifteen Dollar Morris's Notes ; on Exami
nation the next morning I found them false. For Five Days
without Success was I employed with two others I bird to dedect
Him & two others; on my Applying to Com'rs Smith & Parker
they procured me an Order for apprehending them, which with
a Guard was accomplished on Monday afternoon & Night. Since
then I have taken Three others, which are all confined with
another, taken yesterday by a Gent'le from Masechusetts.
x\mong the Number is a certain John Poor, Printer & Vender
of chief of the Cont'l. Money made here in the Course of the
Warr and send without the Lines. Last Evening with a Guard
& two Gentl'n. I got to assist me, I had Him safely lodged
in the Main Guard. The Tipes sett for old Continental New
Emission of several States, old Colony Ten Pound Bills and
Hillegas's Notes, also the Frame for making Paper with United
States in Capitals, to a great Amount of finished & signed Bills
of New Emmission Five & Ten pound York Bills some Morris's,
Hillegas's, and Connecticutt pay table Notes, with a small Quan
tity of old Continental Bills I had bro't to Messrs. Parker &
Smith, Commissioners, where they now are. The Comm'rs prob
ably will inform Your Excellency more particularly. On Mon
day last I wrote Mr. Morris & inclosed one of the Notes & this
Day have informed Him of these Particulars. If Your Excel
lency wishes me to be more particular, shall be at West point
in Two or Three Days & very probably at Fishkill. Your Excel-

Public Papers op George Clinton. 219
lency will be pleased to Honor me with Your Order I have the
Honor to be, your Excellencys Most Ob'd. & very humble Servt.
George Fisher.
His Excellency Governor Clinton, Poughkeepsie.

[No. 5138.]
New Jersey and Virginia Compete with New York and Maryland
for the Future Capital of the New Nation.
Circular Princeton, 22d July, 1783.
Sir, Since my letter of the 10th ult. inclosing the propositions
of the States of New York & Maryland to induce Congress to
fix their permanent residence in one of those States — proposi
tions from the States of New-Jersey and Virginia for a like pur
pose have been received; copies of which I do myself the honor
of enclosing for the information of your Excellency, and beg
leave to remind you, that the period assigned by Congress for
the determination on this subject, is the first Monday in October
next. I have the honor to be. Sir, with sentiments of high respect.
Your Excellency's Obedint & very humb. Serv't. Elias Boudinot.
His Excellency The Governor of the State of New York.
private
P. S. The humilating Situation that Congress is in, for want
of a representation even for Seven States, leads me to urge your
Excellency in the most earnest manner to send one delegate from
your State, which has not been represented but about two or
three Days for near two Months past. Mr. Duane has just ar-

220 ' Public Papers op George Clinton.
rived, but Coll. Hamilton has left Congress. The Definitive
Treaty, we hear has arrived at New York, but should it be sent
forward to us, we can do nothing with it for want of Nine States.

New Jeesey's Geneeods Offee.
New Jersey House of Assembly June 18th, 1783
Mr. Henderson from the Committee appointed to join a Committee of the Council
brought in the following report.
A report of the Committee of the Council and the House of Assembly containing
officers to Invite Congress to make choice of the State of New Jersey for the place
of their permanent residence.
Resolved, That if the Honorable the Congress should think proper to make
choice of any part of the State of New Jersey for the place of their permanent
residence, the Legislature of this State will invest them with such jurisdiction,
authority and power over a district of twenty square miles as may be required
by Congress as necessary for the honor, dignity, convenience and safety of that
august Body.
Resolved, That the Legislature of this State will give and grant to the United
states In Congress Assembled, the sum of thirty thousand pounds in specie for
the purpose of procuring lands and erecting buildings thereon for the suitable
accommodations of Congress to be held by them and their successors forever.
Resolved, That a copy of these resolutions together with the proceedings of the
Freeholders and Inhabitants of any of the western part of the Township of Notting
ham in the County of Burlington be transmitted to the Honorable the Congress.
Resolved, That it be recommended to the Inhabitants of any of the other parts
of the State who may be desirous of Inviting the residence of Congress amongst
them to signify the same & transmit their proposals to the Delegates representing
this State in Congress previous to the first monday in October next, that day being
assigned by Congress to take such offers as may be made by the several States
into consideration. Jos'h. Hornblower.
Blisha Lawrence.
Thomas Henderson.
Thomas Sinnickson.
Thomas Fenemore.
Samuel Tucker.
Joshua Ewlng.
Which said report was read and agreed to by the House. Unanimously concurred
in by the Council June 19th, 1783.
Extract from the Minutes. Maskell Bwing, Jun'r. Clk.
(Copy)

Virginia Submits THE Genesis OP the Plan that Culminated in the Selection
OF Washington as the Capital of the United States.
In the House of Delegates, June 28th, 1783.
Whereas the legislature of Virginia are fully convinced of the advantages that
would result to the United States by having some fixed place of residence for
Congress Resolved, therefore. Unanimously, That If the Honorable the Congress should
esteem the City of Williamsburg in this State to be a fit place for their session, this

Public Papers op George Clinton. 221
Assembly will present them on their removal thereto, and during their continuance
therein, with the Palace, the Capitol and all the public buildings and three hundred
acres of land adjoining the said City together with a sum of money not exceeding
one hundred thousand pounds this States currency, to be paid at five annual
Installments and to be expended in erecting thirteen Hotels for the use of the
Delegates in Congress.
This Assembly will also cede to Congress during their residence therein, a district
of territory contiguous to the said City, not exceeding five miles square, with such
exempt jurisdiction within the said limits as the Inhabitants residing therein shall
consent to yield to Congress to obtain which the Governor with advice of Council
is directed to make application to the said Citizens and when obtained to notify
to the Delegates of this State in Congress such assent.
Resolved, Unanimously, That if the Honorable the Congress should think it more
convenient to hold their sessions at any place on the River Potowmack within this
Commonwealth, this Assembly will on the above terms cede the like district of
territory at the place Congress shall so choose, and will also appropriate a sum
not exceeding one hundred thousand pounds to be paid in five annual installments for
the purpose of erecting the said hotels and will moreover purchase one hundred
acres of land for the purpose of erecting such public Buildings as Congress may
direct thereon.
Resolved Unanimously, That if the Legislature of Maryland are willing to join
in a cession of territory for the above purpose with this State (the said territory
to be on the River Potowmack) that the Assembly will cede to the Honorable the
Qoingress the like district of territory opposite to that ceded by. the State of
Maryland, freely leaving It with Congress to fix their residence on either side
of the said river as they may see proper : but that if Congress shall reside on
the North -side of the said river that then this Assembly will contribute forty
thousand pounds for the aforesaid purposes, in full confldence that the State of
Maryland will supply the deficiency. Provided that should Congress thereafter
remove from the city of Williamsburg or from the lands beforementioned, that
in such case the lands so ceded with the buildings shall revert to the Common
wealth. Teste .Tohn Beckley, C. H. D.
1783 June 28th Agreed to by the Senate Will : Drew, C. S.
A Copy teste
John Beckley, C. H. D.
(Copy)

Former Lieutenant Governor Colden Seeks Governor Clinton's
Intercession for tJie Loyalists. New York, July 26, 1783.
Sir, However materially you and I may have differ'd for some
years past, in our Political Sentiments, yet there are other Senti
ments more esential to Society, and the happyness of man with
man, that I trust we do not differ in. Our long and intimate ac
quaintance, (even from your Childhood) has been sufficient to
satisfy me in this respect, and I am happy to find the opinion I

222 Public Papers op George Clinton.
ever entertained of you, rather confirmed in these trying times,
than otherwise. Times that has giv6n opertunity to men to shew
themselves in their true colors, and to those who had a Cloven
foot to Put it, forward, and.Jt is no small satisfaction to me to
learn from many Gentlemen who come to this Citty, that upon
alL Occasions you make honourable mention of me — from all
which I Conclude that you are convinced that in the part (or
rather no part) I took in this most unhappy Contest, I was in
fluenced by principle, and Concience, and that the love of my
Country had no little weight with me. I now can truly say, as I
often said to my Neighbours before I was banish'd from among
them, (as Barber and Park may testify), " That if by the Contest
my Country should secure to its'self happyness. Prosperity and
felicity, I should much rather in that Case have it told me, and
even bare the Apelatioh of having been an Enemy to my Country
(as they then call'd me) than that I should have it in my Power
to say to any one, upon the Ruin & distriction of my Country,
Ah! I told you or forewam'd you of this but you would not be
lieve me," which would be but a poor Consolation to me or my
family — and, therefore, now that the Independence of America
of the Crown of Great Britain, (an event that in my Opinion was
then as little to be expected as it was to be wished for) is ob
tained & fixed, I do from my heart & soul pray that the happyness
of the Country resulting therefrom, njay exceed the Expectations
of the most sanguine Whig. And which I should have began to
entertain some hopes of, were it not for an Evill unforegiveing,
and unrelenting spirit, that seems to prevail throughout the Con
tinent, which must prove as pernitious to good Policy & the hap
pyness of the Country, as it is Contrary to the Laws of Humanity

Public Papers of George Clinton. 223
and Christianity— Was a different Spirit to prevail & to be encul-
cated both from press and Pulpitt, some Heavenly blessing might
be expected to Ensure — But while you are driveing every Man
from among you who differ'd from you in Principle and for Con
cience Sake, you must drive many an honest man who might and
would become (do aver it) better and more faithfull subjects to
the States, than Thousands you now have among you.
The Loyalists who have remained faithfull subjects to the King
from Principle, will ever be so, to Whatever government they live
under; besides, were they cordially Rec'd. by you, they would
have but little inclination or Wish to return to a government
that has taken so little care of their interest and so illy requited
them for their Loyalty. It really hurts me, for my Country's
Sake, to see and hear of such Numbers of Usefull honest Men
drove out of it, throo fear of a Mob or Rable, for many of them
can have nothing to fear from the Laws, unless it be that the Laws
would not have energy sufficient to protect them. In my humble
opinion, the future happyness or misery of this Country, depends
upon the part the different legislatures may take on this occasion.
And, therefore, I hope you will excuse my takeing the Liberty of
Writeing on this subject to you, as I still Expect to pertake of
Whatever may be the fate of my country. This brings me to what
was more particularly my Motive for troubleing of you at this
time. In my opinion, (and that of many others) the Preliminary arti
cles when included in the Treaty of Peace & Confirmed by both
partys, will endemnify me from the further effects of the law by
which I was banished. Therefore, should the Treaty be concluded),
and the British. Troops Jeave this before the Legislature of the

224 Public Papers op George Clinton.
State, have Opertunity to Repeal that Law, I shall think myself
safe in returning to my own home, as I shall do, unless my friends,
advise me to the contrary.
I have been often told that. That Banishing Act was disaproved
of by most men of Sence in the Country, and that it did not meet
with your hearty aprobation. It certainly was a very rigorous &
unjustifyable Law, and the reason I gave in writeing (which I
suppose you saw) for my not complying, I think must excuse me
in the breast of every upright man. That Law would have been
more excusable had it contained a Clause impowering the gover
nors (for the time being) to Permitt such. Persons to return to
their Estates, after the War was over, as he thought proper and I
was in hopes that some such subsequent Law might have taken
jilace. Should anything happen to prevent the Troops Evacuating
this Citty, this Season, I wish something of that kind may yet be
done, for I am Weary of spending my life in this Manner, and not
knowing what may be my fate when the Troops go; it is a disa
greeable Circumstance to think that I may be obliged to go with
them to Europe or some other part of the British dominions —
for it seems to be the prevailing Sperrit not to give (what they
call) Refugees or Tories protection in any of the Neighbooring
States. I Cannot expect a line from your Excellency in answer on this
subject — But if you would be pleased to Confere thereon with my
son, you Would infinitely oblige one who has the honour to be your
Excellency's Most Humble & Most Obeyd't Servant
Cadwallader Colden.
His Excellency Governor Clinton.

Public Papers of George Clinton. 225
[No. 5144.]
TWO LETTERS FROM ROBERT MORRIS.
In the First He Dwells Upon the Necessity of Taxes and Resents
the Imputation He Has Speculated in the Public Bills; in the
Second He Urges Economy and Reduction in the National
Expenses.
Circular Office of Finance, 28th July, 1783.
Sir, Having already transmitted the Public Accounts, from the
Commencement of my Administration to the first Day of this
Month, I shall not trouble your Excellency with a Repetition of
them. Perhaps this Letter, may contain too much of Egotism,
but your Candor will excuse me when the Motive is known. If
I have rendered any Services to the United States, they have
been derived from the generous Confidence of my Countrymen.
This Confidence must not be abused, and if it be lost my utility
Is at an End.
The Accounts will shew, to any informed and reflecting Mind,
that the Public Monies were Oeconomically applied; and if
farther Proof were necessary, I could appeal to the Honorable
Delegates in Congress, who have every Opportunity of Investi
gation. I might also appeal to the Clamors against me for op
posing Claims I could not properly comply Avith. Long have I
been the object of Enmities derived from that Origin. I have,
therefore, the Right to consider such Clamors and such Enmities,
as the Confession and the Evidence of my Care and Attention.
But, Sir, from the same Accounts it will appear, that, on the
thirtieth Day of June last, my Payments had exceeded the
Amount of my Receipts by more than a Million of Dollars. How
indeed could it be otherwise, when all the Taxes brought into the
Treasury since 1781 did not Amount to seven hundred and fifty
15

226 Public Papers op George Clinton.
thousand Dollars? I have been propelled to this heavy Antici
pation, by an earnest Desire to relieve our Army, by the General's
warm representations on the Subject, and, above all, by the direc
tions of Congress and their Assurances of Support. The enclosed
Letter to them, will shew my Desire to reduce our Expences.
But while I urge the Reduction of Expence, it is equally my Duty
to urge an Increase of Revenue. If I have been a faithful
Steward of what was entrusted to me, if more became necessary
than I ever received, and if urged by that necessity I have antic
ipated the Receipts, surely I am in the strictest Line of Pro
priety when I loudly call for Relief. Every one must know,
that the Paper I have circulated will lose its Value, unless
punctually redeemed. The several Receivers . are indeed in
structed to exchange it. But what can that Instruction avail
if Specie be not placed in their Hands for the Purpose? And
how can that be effected but by a vigorous Collection of Taxes?
I know that my Solicitude, on this Subject will be charged to
improper Motives; when I urge a Reduction of Expence it will
be said that I wish to impair the Strength and lessen the Respec
tability of our Country. Far other Wishes swell my Bosom.
But I have been driven into a Conviction, that the Necessity of
Strength and the Advantages of Reputation, are not yet suf
ficiently felt and understood by all the Members of our Federal
Union. My present Call for Taxes has also been Anticipated by Slan
derous Report that I have Speculated on this very Paper which
I urge the Redemption of. Most solemnly I declare that I have
never been concerned, directly or indirectly in any such Specu
lation. If there be a Man in the World who knows any Instance
to disprove what I say let him step forth with the Accusation,

Public Papers of George Clinton. 227
No Sir, the Object is in nowise a personal one to me. I only
Advocate the Interest and Reputation of America. If with a
View to injure me the Attempt is made to violate my Engage
ments, the Malice will be defeated; but at the same time let it
be remembered, that the Country which will not support its faith
ful Servants, can never be faithfully served. Guilt and Despera
tion will ever pant for Scenes of Tumult and Disorder, Office
will ever excite Envy, and Malevolence delight in Slanderous
Tales. Is it then to be wondered at if mty Foes are numerous?
Believe me. Sir, if their Attempts had only affected me and mine,
they should have been received in the same silence, which has
buried many other Wrongs. But on the present Occasion it be
comes my Duty to delineate their baneful influence.
Pains are taken to cover with Infamy all those who discount
the public Paper. The natural Effect of this Measure is to pre
vent those Men from medling with it who from a regard to their
own Reputation would do the Business on moderate Terms.
Hence it follows, that the Holders cannot obtain so much of their
Paper as they otherwise might. Hence again an Additional
Clamor and of Course an additional Loss to the Possessors. On
the Basis of the Depreciation, is founded an Argument to prevent
the Redemption. By these Means the Public Credit is totally
ruined, and the Government becomes chargeable with flagrant
Injustice. No future Anticipations can be made, to supply the
most urgent Wants ; and in the whole proceeding those are made
the Victims, who confided in the Faith of Government.
The attempt, therefore, by this slander to injure me, is an
Injury to those who have received my Paper; and in every In
stance where they have joined in propagating the Report, they
have joined their Enemies to plunder themselves. Let me no

228 Public Papers of George Clinton.
longer Intrude on your Excellency's Patience than to declare
my Conviction®, that the States might easily fulfil far more ex
tensive Engagements than those which I have made on their
Account. Notwithstanding every Insinuation I will continue my
Efforts for the Purpose, and tho' base Minds should reiterate their
Charges, I will persist in my Duty and defy their Malice.
With perfect Respect, I have the Honor to be. Sir, Your Excel
lency's most Obedient and Humble Servant Robt. Morris.
His Excellency The Governor of New York.
Robert Morris to the President of Congress, Who Forwards
the Communication to the Governors op States.
Office of Finance, 28th July, 1783.
Sir, Conceiving it to be almost certain that a Definitive Treaty
of Peace is concluded I am bound to request the Attention of Con
gress towards reducing their expenses. It is unnecessary to re
peat that our Resources for absorbing the Anticipations depend
on the Produce' of Taxation. 'There is mo Hope of fulfilling the
public Engagements but by a strict Oeconomy for there is no Evi
dence of that Energy among the States which the Act of Congress
of the second of May was framed to inspire. Let me therefore
repeat my Request that the public Expences' be greatly reduced.
The Number of Men which it may be necessary to keep in the Field
I cannot presume to name, as it is a Military Question, but it
would best consist with the present State of my Department to
disband the whole.
Your Excellency will easily conceive thei Situation to which I
am compelled to withhold assent to a moderate Demand of the
Secertary of War for building Magazines to preserve the public
Stores. It is certainly of Importance that Arsenals should be

Public Papers of George Clinton. 229
erected in such proper Places as to provide for the public Defence.
But the Reasons against advancing Money are incontrovertible —
Congress know the Extent of my Engagements for the discharging
of which they have solemnly pledged themselves. Gongress know
also that the States do not furnish Means. They will perceive,
therefore, that I should wantonly Sacrifice their Honor and Dig
nity would I form new Engagements before the old are satisfied.
I know. Sir, that many of the Stores may be wasted and de
stroyed from the want of Magazines and that if they are sold it
will be to a considerable Loss. But such Loss must be added to
the Mass of Injuries America has already sustained by not com
plying with the Requisition of Congress. It is a Loss which in its
ConsequenceB must fall upon the States themselves who are the
immediate Authors of it; but if the Engagements already taken
are violated by applying Money to other Purposes then the Honor
of Congress will be sacrificed together with the Property of those
who rely on it.
I should not, Sir, have dwelt sio long on this small Circum
stance if it did mot serve to impress the true Object of my Letter,
a Reduction of National Expence. And here let me Notice what
hais often been mentioned, the Expemce of the civil List. If in
this general Term of civil List are comprehended the public Serv
ants abroad, I freely acknowledge my Opinion it might be cur
tailed. But the Foreign Affairs mot being within my Line this
Sentiment is expressed with all possible Deference.
Our domestic civil List consists of two Parts : First, that which
is engaged in settling and a;djusting old accounts and Secondly,
that which is employed in present objects. The first is rendered
necessary by the Confusions which arose before' regular -Systems
were established; but it is of a temporary Nature and can never

230 Public Papers op George Clinton.
again take Place unless our Affairs are suffered to relapse into
that Irregularity from which they are beginning to emerge. The
second consists of as few as were ever appointed to perform the
Business of a Nation. For what-relates to the Expence of both I
must observe that those who labor for the Public are at least to be
subsisted. And the Proof that their Salaries do not amount to
more than a decent Subsistence is the Difficulty with which Men
qualified to fill the several Offices can be prevailed on to accept
them. Shortly after my Appointment, a special Order was passed to
defray the Expences of the civil List, but should Congress think
proper to repeal that order I will suspend the Payment and apply
the Money to take up my notes. But whether the Gentlemen of
the civil List will continue their Services^ after they know that
their Salaries are to be withheld is a question which I shall not
agitate. With perfect Respect I have the Honor to be, Sir, Your Excel
lency's most Obedient and Humble Servant.
His Excellency the President of Congress.

[Nos. 5146-5147.]
The Governor Receives a Congratulatory Address from the Citi
zens of Albany and the Magistrates of Tryon County on the
Restoration of Peace and Establishment of Independence.
To his Excellency George Clinton, Esq.
Governor &c of the State of New York.
We the Mayor, Aldermen & Commonalty of the City of Albany
congratulate your Excellency on the Establishment of the Inde
pendence of the United States.

Public Papers of George Clinton. 231
We cannot refrain from expressing our gratitude on this Occa
sion to you. Sir, who have, both as a citizen and a Soldier, so
eminently contributed to produce it.
The Citizens of this State, at an early Period (in the midst of
dangers and difficulties) called your Excellency to the exalted
Station which you have ever since so worthily filled; and it
affords us a pleasing Reflection, that your being re-elected, is a
Proof of their uniform Sentiments in your Favour.
The distinguished Services you have rendered the State, mani
fest the wisdom of continuing the Reins of government in your
Hands, and afford us Reason to expect the happiest Consequences
from your future Administration.
From the Magistrates and Supervisors op Tryon — The Gov
ernor's Reply.
To his Excellency George Clinton, Esquire, Governor of the
State of New York ; General and Commander in Chief of all the
Militia and Admiral of the Navy of the same.
The Address of the Magistrates and Supervisors of the County
of Tryon in behalf of themselves and the Freeholders and Inhab
itants of the said County.
Sir, We desire your Excellency to accept of our warmest Conr
gratulations on the Re-establishment of Peace in the United
States and on your Re-election to the chief Magistracy of this
State. Esteem for your person and a long continuance of great
and important services for the good of the State, unanimously
determined us to promote your Excellency's Election, and you
may be assured. Sir, that we are happy in this opportunity Per
sonally, to render your Excellency this grateful and Publick
Testimony of our Entire Approbation of your Conduct.

232 Public Papers op George Clinton.
As we mean to give your Excellency every possible support in
your Administration of the Government, we wish to impress on
your Mind a favourable Opinion of this Distressed County,
^\'ith Sentiments of Affection and Regard for your Excellency,
we are, Sir, Your Obedient and Humble Servants.
The Governor Returns His Thanks.
Gtenl. I most sincerely thank you for your very kind address
and congratulations. The Pleasure that I receive from the happy
establishment of Peace is considerably heightened by the reflec
tion that it will relieve the worthy Inhabitants of this County
from those horrid Cruelties & devastations they have so long and
so severely suffered from an exasperated & Savage Enemy.
The-fery kind Manner in which you are pleased to mention my
services is extremely flattering to me— to have my conduct ap
proved by my fellow citizens will always be the most grateful
reward I can receive — and the situation and sufferings of the
Inhabitants of this Co. during my Administration of the Govern
ment gives a value on their approbation, that makes this public
testimony of it highly agreable.
I beg you. Gentlemen, to accept my thanks for your kind assur
ances of support— be assured that I shall ever bear in mind the
spirited exertions of the Inhabitants of this County, and that
uo effort of mine shall be wanting to relieve their distresses &
hasten the enjoyment of those blessings— their conduct has so
richly merited. (signed) Geo Clinton.
Fort Plain, on ye Mohawk River, Aug 1/83.
Copy

Public Papers of George Clinton. 233
[No. 5153.]
Mrs. DeLancey Resents the Action of the Sequestration Commis
sioners in Leasing Her Westchester Property — An Appeal Made
to James Duane Who Lays the Matter before Governor Clinton.
Extract from Mrs. DeLancey's Letter, dated 5th August, 1783 :
" I wrote you yesterday, & mentioned that Captain Hopkins of
the Continental Army had taken our place at WestChester, & had
sent me a very civil message, with an offer of reserving all the
House, except one room, for our use. I sent a Note to him that
I wished to speak to him, & requested he would meet my Daughter,
& myself this day at Kings Bridge, & go with us to our place. An
hour ago I was Informed that Captain Hopkins is not allowed to
hold the place, and that Jacob Lent, to whom Mr. Honeywell, &
the other Commissioners have leased that, & my other places, is
immediately to take possession of it. Perhaps if I put myself in
their way, I may be sued, as Oliver is, for the pasturing of my own
Cattle. Those places were the only reliance I had remaining, for
my present support. By living in a saving manner there, I hoped
to be the better able to discharge the debts I have been obliged to
contract for my jiast subsistence. Sometimes I think of writing
to the Commissioners to know on what pretence they can form a
plea for taking my place. I have been told that it is for leaving
it, & going to reside among the British. I never left it with any
view of staying away. The leaving my Cloaths furniture, papers,
& everything that I had on it, serves as a convincing proof that
I meant to return. My Daughter Nancy & I lived there two years
in a situation that few Women could have supported. Our House
was repeatedly broken open in the Night, by parties of armed Men ;
& our bed room door has been burst open before we had time to
put on our -Cloaths. These insults, & alarms were so often re-

234 Public Papers op George Clinton.
peated that I found it too much for my age to sustain ; & for that.
& no other reason, I left my place, & came to Long Island. Since
the publication of the Preliminary Articles of Peace, it has not
been a proper place for Women to live in, until the Continental
Troops arrived there. As soon as we found there was a probabil
ity of our living there in safety, we concluded to return. I only
waited to see, & assist my Children first, who were preparing to
leave the Country, & whom it is more than probable I may never
see again. My Servants have all along been in possession of the
place. I never allowed any Person to live in the House, who
might be obnoxious, & refused to rent it on that account. I give
you this account of the above facts, that if having left my place,
is really given as a reason for taking, or leasing it, you may have
it in your power to justify me. Had Capt'n. Hopkins had it, I
would have gone to the House, & made some proposals to him.
I now shall do nothing in it till I have your advice."

James Duane to George Clinton.
On publick service, Princeton, 12th August, 1783.
Sir, We yesterday received the enclosed Communication from
the hon'I. Mr. Izard, who is sensibly affected with his mother Mrs.
De Lancey's situation, and has pressed us earnestly to interpose
as far as propriety will admit. As we are wholly unacquainted
with the Principles on which Mrs. DeLancey's property i& sup
posed to be sequestered, we coud give Mr. Izard no other satisfac
tion than a promise to transmit her Case to your Excellency, and
an assurance of your inflexible Regard to Justice good order and
the publick Faith. We think it our Duty to put the Subject into
such a Train of Enquiry as' will vindicate the Honour of the State

Public Papers of George Clinton. 235
and enable us to answer Complaints and remove Prejudices. If
there is any Law by which her Property is forfeited, or her
Rights of Citizenship taken away, it will have its Operation : but
if she is evicted by Violence and entitled to Protection, we have
no doubt but her grievances will be heard and as far as possible
redressed. Can it be thought a Crime deriving the Penalties of
Confiscation, or any high Degree of publick Indignation, that a
Widow in the Decline of Life retired from the midst of the most
active scenes of War to a place of Safety. In this Light is Mrs.
DeLancey's Case represented and this she insists is her only
offence. We have no Account of the deflnite Treaty. No Intelligence
of any kind from our ministers or private' Letters which embar-
resses all our measures more than words can express. As soon as
anything transpires worthy of attention we shall mot fail to com
municate it to your Excellency.
With the utmost Respect' we remain Sir Your Excellencys most
Obedient and most humble Servants. Jas. Duane.
His Excellency Governor Clinton.
When these dispatches -were made up Mr. L'Hommedieu was
abroad which prevented his Signature.

[No. 5154.]
Governor Guerard of South Carolina to Governor Clinton Asking
for a List of the Persons Who Have Been Banished, etc., by the
Imws of New York.
Government House, Ch's-town, South Carolina, 13th August,
Circular. Sir, The Legislature of this State, having desired me
to write to the several Governors of the United States, requesting

236 Public Papers op George Clinton.
that they wou'd be pleased to furnish me with a list of the names
of those Persons, who, have been proscribed or banished from their
respective States; I, therefore, to that End, now do 'myself the
Honor of addressing this my Circular to you, and will be much
obliged to you for your Answer of Compliance with the said Re
quest, as soon as may be convenient, that I might lay the same
before them at their next Sitting.
I have the Honor to be with the greatest Respect : — Sir, Your
most Obedient & very Hble. Servant. Ben : Guerard.
His Excellency The Governor of the State of New- York.

[No. 5156.]
Mysterious Information of a Conspiracy to Plunder the City of
New York.
Information upon Oath by Mr.  .
Thursday, 14th August, 1783.
Copy. He has good reason to apprehend that a combination is
formed, to seize the first opportunity to turn the Goods of the
Inhiajbitants of this City into the Streets for the 'purpose of a gen
eral Riot and Plundler.
A person told him that there were four hundred persons in the
combination, and that he was himself a Signer to it ; and that it
was the intention of the party here, to engage four or five hundred
persons more in the project from New Englamd, and that he be
lieved some of his own acquaintances of the City, would fall on
the accompliighment of it.
The same person added, that Expresses were now going back
wards & forwards on this business.
The informant knows the name of the person from whom he had
this intelligence. He was a. Captain in the Continental Service

Public Papers op George Clinton. 237
and the informant will name him to the Commander in Chief, as
soon as it shall consist with his own safety. The person has large
Connections and is a native of this City. He intimated his wish
that the Informant was a Mason ; by which he imagined that he
would have revealed more, if he had more confidence in the In
formants Secrecy. (Signed)
Sworn 14 th August 1783 before me
What Mr.  had from the person not named 'was on Friday
last, and he has hesitated ever sin'ce about revealing it with great
anxiety of Mind.

[No. 5157.]
Ezra I'Hommedieu Informs the Governor that Philadelphia
Desires Congress to Return There for Political Purposes.
PrinceTown, August 15, 1783.
Dear Sir, Upon the Receipt of your Excellency's Letter, I left
Home as soon as I could, with any convenience; which was the
first of this Month, and arrived here the sixth, a few Days after
Colo. Hambleton was gone. Having been informed before I left
, Middletown that you was in Company with General Washington
to the Northward, I came the most direct road by Kings Ferry,
otherwise I should not have omitted calling on your Excellency
at Poughkeepsie. Mr. Duane informs me that General Scott has
received a sum of Money to enable him to attend Congress, tho'
there is no probability of his coming on. I hope this will not
put it out of your Power to supply me with a small sum ; if it
should, you will be so kind as to let me know it soon, that I may
have opportunity to procure it elsewhere. I have now a Ballance
due to me from the State, for my Attendance in Congress, to the .
amount of £121.10.0. I have had no opportunity since the passing

238 Public Papers op George Clinton.
of the act for the paying and auditing the accounts of the Dele
gates, to lay this Account before the Auditor of the State; and
it is not likely, if I must be present at the auditing, that I ^hall
be aJble to present it for payment till after we get into New York :
it would much oblige me if your Excellency will retain in your
Hand, Out of the Monies directed to be loaned for the payment
of such Accounts, a Sum sufficient to discharge this demand, when
the Account shall be produced properly audited.
We have as yet no Account of the signing of the definitive Treaty
or of the Time the British exjiect to leave New York. It is a
long Time since advices have been received from our Commis
sioners at Paris. Congress do not seem at present to be hurried
with Business. A Peace Establishment, which has been reported
and on which General Washington is to be consulted (who will
be here in a few Days) is a Business of much Consequence and
ought soon to be perfected; but I fear delays will be made &
some of the eastern States, if I am not much mistaken, will oppose
the keeping of any Troops on the Frontiers especially those of
New York.
It is ordered that an equestrian Statue of General Washington
be made by the best artist in Europe under the direction of the
Commissioner of the United States at Paris, and erected at the
Place where the Residence of Congress shall be established.*
Where that Place will be is very uncertain. Pennsylvania and
especially Philadelphia are now exceeding anxious for the Return
of Congress to that City. 'Tis no wonder : they now. see that it
makes an Add'n of 100,000 Dollars at least to the State P. Annum.
'Tis said if Congress do not goe back, the Union will be dissolved;
the State of Pensylvania will be so convulsed that they will not

* This statue never was erected. — State Hibtoman.

Public Papers of George Clinton. 239
be in a Capacity of Contributing to the Necessities of the United
States; they say if Congress would remove there but six weeks,
to shew that there was no misunderstanding, all would be Peace
& Quiet; & if they then removed, there would be no blame or
uneasiness. 'Tis very doubtful to me if Congress ever return to
Philadelphia and it is as doubtful where they will agree to have
their Place of residence. I believe they will remove from this
Place before winter, as tis thought they cannot be accommodated
in that Season of the Year.
I shall do myself the honor of writing to your Excellency fre
quently during my residence here and am with great Respect &
Esteem Your Excellencys most Obed't and very Humb. Ser't.
Ezra L'Hommedieu.
His Excellency Governor Clinton'.

[Nos. 5159-5160.]
Sir Ou/y Carleton Answers Governor Clinton's Charges of Abuses
in Westchester County — The Governor Refuses to Recede from
His Position. New York, 25 July, 1783.
Sir, On the 13th I rec'd. your Excellency's Letter of the 1st
Inst. The assurances you give me, that the Outrages committed
in West Chester County on the 16th of May were neither author
ised nor contenanced by Government, have a Claim to intire Credit
with me. I suppose that the Report of Mr. Honeywell's having
acted on that occasion in Consequence of Instructions proceeded
from the Parties being conducted by civil Magistrates, and espe
cially from Mr. Honeywell's having soon after, in his official
Character of a Commissioner of Sequestration, with his Col
leagues in Office, aided and supported by the civil Magistrates,

240 Public Papers of George Clinton.
driven off a reputable and peaceable Inhabitant, with a numerous
Family, from his paternal Inheritance, in the said County.
A second Instance, every Way similar, has also received the like
Sanction and judicial Authority. A third Example of the same
Violence has recently occurred in which, tho' there was no Form
of legal Process, yet the Sufferer, on Application to the Civil Mag
istrate for Redress and Protection, met with such Repulse as im
plied a Justification of the Injuries he had sustained. Documents
of the Proceedings here referred to are enclosed, which I beg Leave
to recommend to your ExoelFys Consideration.
But tho' I give Confidence to your Assurances, that the Instances
of Violence I have apprized you of, are put in a Course of Inquiry
and Redress, you will give me Leave, Sir, to express a Wonder,
how it has come to pass, that to this Hour, your Legislature has
not repealed any of the Laws enacted during the War, nor intro
duced new Regulations conformable to that Sprit, which since the
Pacification ought to prevail. The World seems to be too well
informed by the printed Resolutions of Committee Men in one
Place and another, that many possess a -very hostile Disposition,
and until the ordinary Magistracy receive a proper Direction
from their Legislature, there is not only Reason to apprehend that
they will hope to elude the Correction and Restraint they ought
to meet with from the Government, but that some of them, in the
lower Classes at least may take Advantage of the Laws past in
the Course of the War, as much as possible, to give Efficacy to
the irregular and inimical Resolutions of the Committee Men
who appear to be an active Bodies in various Precincts and Dis-
trects within the sphere of your Authority. Excepting the Inti
mation expressed in general Terms in your Excellency's Letter
I had heard nothing of Moment respecting any Excesses said to

Public Papers of George Clinton. 241
have been committed by Parties from within the British Lines,
tin I saw the enclosed Letter of July 18 from Lt. Col. Hull to
Brig'r. Genl. Musgrave.
Two Instances only of irregular Conduct on the Part of Indi-
viduals had before come to my Knowledge, and as far as was prac
ticable were certified by immediate and effectual Redress.
As I sincerely concur with your Excellency in wishing to avoid
as far as possible, every Appearance of Altercation, I forbear to
proceed in the Discussion of those other Questions of which you
seem yourself to have taken Leave in the Conclusion of your
Letter. I have, therefore, only to explain to your Excellency, that
those Confiscations, I mentioned to have been made on our Side,
were the Lands and Property of Persons seized by my Predeces
sors and given away to others.
As to the Subject of the Memorial transmitted to me with your
Excellency's Letter of the 13 which I reed, on the 15th, I beg leave
to refer you to the Proceedings of the Court Martial with the
Orders given thereon Copies of which are enclosed, and from the
Perusal of those Proceedings, I presume that your Excellency will
perceive that the Steps taken here on this unwelcome Occasion,
were indispensably necessary to prevent the Effusion of Blood &
all those Acts of vindictive Violence, which must ever be the con
sequence of suffering Individuals in Defiance of Authority, to
usurp the Power of deciding for themselves and redressing their
own Greivances whether real or imaginary. In so serious a Light
have I always considered such Seizure of any Man within one
Jurisdiction to take him forcibly into another, that I strictly
forbad it as an ungenerous and unwarrantable Proceeding even
in Time of War, and to deter any one under the influence of
private or public Motives from making the Attempt, I took an
16

242 Public Papers op George Clinton.
early Opportunity after my Arrival here to declare, that if any
such Enormities should happen, I would deliver up the Offenders
to the Power of the Jurisdiction where the offence should appear
to have been committed. One of the Instances of irrigular Con
duct above-mentioned, was im some Measure, a similar Case. An
individual had attempted as he conceived to do himself Justice
by going without Authority into WestChester and bringing back
a Man, which had been captured during the War, and since the
Cessation of Hostilities taken from him, he considered' himself
fairly entitled to what he had purchased from the Captors under
Circumstances authorized by the Usages of War; he was ordered
notwithstanding to restore the Property in Question, for this
Reason alone, namely, that he had undertaken to recover it by
Means irregular and inadmissible.
It is obvious to remark how much more interesting and im
portant the Transaction of Mr. Duryee must when weighed in the
Scale of general Justice and good Order.
I am Sir, your Excellency's most Obd't. & most hum'l. Serv't.
Guy Carleton.
Governor Clinton's Reply to Sir Guy Carleton.
Poughkeepsie, August 19th, 1783.
Sir, Your Excellency's Letter of the 25 last Month covering
the Proceedings of the Court Martial against Mr. Duryee and
others was delivered to me some Days since at Albany on my
Return from the Western Parts of the State.
It would be unnecessary to trouble you. Sir, with any Remarks
on these Proceedings. I shall only take the Liberty to observe
that from an attentive Perusal of them, I have not been able to

Public Papers op George Clinton. 243
discover any Thing to justify the Prosecutions, or to change the
Sentiment expressed in my former Letters to you on this Subject.
If your Excellency will be pleased to advert to the different
Communications which I have had the honor to make to you, par
ticularly through Mr. Benson in the first Instance, afterwards
personally at Tappan and by my Letter of the 23rd of May last
inclosing Copies of Resolutions of a Council held at this Place
on the 20th of that Month, I flatter myself you will no longer be
at a Loss for the Reason why the Laws of the State enacted during
the War have not hitherto undergone a Revision, as you will per
ceive that one principal object of these Applications, was to
soUicit of your Excellency a Removal of Obstacles which on a
Paoiflcation, and while the Possession of the Southern District of
the State was withheld from us, might render the forming of a
Legislature impracticable. If, therefore, any Evils or Incon
veniences should arise on this Head, I trust they will be ascribed
to the true Cause. I can. Sir, with Confldence assert that it has
been my earnest and invariable wish to give immediate and full
Operation and Effect to the provisional Treaty; and it has been
with the greatest Regret, I have disavowed, from different Tran
sactions which more immediately related to this State and which
have been the Subject of former Discussion, that this Sentiment,
in my Opinion (so conducive to harmony and Conciliation) has
not mutually prevailed.
The Cases of Fowler, Ward and Hunt recommended to my Con
sideration by your Excellency shall be immediately attended to:
but I am led to believe, however, as it would appear from Ward's
own Information that the Farm he claims was long since confis
cated and that the other two may be under similar Circumstances;

244 Public Papers op George Clinton.
in which Case it will be readily conceived they can derive Relief
only from legislative Revision.
With respect to any personal Abuse they may have received, the
Courts of Justice are open and competent to give them any
Redress they may be entitled to.
I am &c. G. C.
To His Excellency Sir Guy Carleton, K. B.

[No. 5162.]
Additional Information Concerning the Conspiracy to Plunder
New York City.
(Copy) Further information by Mr. 
Tuesday, 19th August, 1783.
On Saturday the 16th Instant, he had conversation with Will
iam Dewitt again on the subject of the project of plundering this
City on the Evacuation, and he said he would plunder some people
to the bone; that the Whig Refugees intended it to be a general
business. For himself he was determined to make up his losses
out of the people here. The party intended to proceed at Mid
day, and do as they pleased. That he kept a barrel or two of
spirits in his Cellar, for the purpose. That he could raise himself
three or four hundred men' for the purpose.
He had another interview with him yesterday ; when he said he
had a particular account from Fishkill, that General McDougal,
would have nothing to do with the business, but that the leading
men were to wink at what should be done by the people.
There is a Mr.  who is a Loyal Refugee now in town;
from this person he has learnt, that he overheard several persons

Public Papers of George Clinton, 245
from the County (two he thinks from Albany) conversing together
upon the subject of mobbing the Loyalists. They appeared to be
disinclined to act in it themselves, but said there would be people
enough for the purpose of punishing those who had been against
them. Mr.  don't know the names of these persons but in
public he says they spoke against Mobbs. One of them was called
by the other Colonel, and they appeared to be leading men.
( Signed) 
Sworn, 19 th Aug't, 1783 before me.

[No. 5165.]
Mr. I'Hommedieu Reports to the Governor Sir Guy Carleton's
Complaints Against the New York Authorities — Plans for the
Evacuation of New York City Again Under Discussion.
PrinceTown, August 22, 1783.
Dear Sir, Since I did myself the Honour of writing to your Ex
cellency last Week, we have received Letters from Mr. Lawrence
(who is in England) as late as the 17th of June; who says, that
a few Days before he wrote, I think it was the 14th of the same
month, Mr. [Charles James Fox] assured him, that Orders were
actual gone for the Evacuation of New York, and Mr. Lawrence
does not seem to doubt it. This Information respecting the defi
nitive Treaty is not so favorable; in short he says nothing about
it further than is connected with the Treaty of Commerce. He
informs that after Mr. Hartley had been in Treaty with our
Commissioners at Paris for near a Month, it Appeared that he
had no Powers to ratify any One Thing. The Commissioner's
from the United States made Proposals to the British Commis
sioner respecting the Regulations of Trade between the Two
Nations; as the British Commissioner had no Powers to agree

246 Public Papers of George Clinton.
he proposed sending the same to his Court; he did so, and they
were there rejected. At present it seems far from British Policy
to make any Treaty with America on the Principles of Recipro
city. They have now every advantage of our Commerce without
any obstruction on our Post, given to others.
Mr. Lawrence observes that if a Change of the Ministry in
Great Brittain should take Place, which he does not think un
likely, our Affairs with that Kingdom will probably be greatly
embarrassed. The Day before yesterday we received Dispatches from Sir Guy
Carleton informing that he had received orders to leave New York,
which he should do as soon as he could, but he was not able to
determine when, being, as he says, obliged to provide for great
Numbers, who by the Threats of Committees, and the Proceed
ings of the Commissioners of Sequestration, are greatly alarmed
and are afraid to stay in the Country. He complained loudly
against the State of New York for suffering the Commissioners
to bring Actions of forcible Detainer against Persons in Pos
session of their own Farms in Westchester, by which means
many have been lately turned out of Possession and subject each
to Costs of about ten Pounds, he has sent on the Records of Two
or three Tryals : some of the Correspondence between your Excel
lency & himself he has also transmitted. He finds fault that the
Legislature of the State of New York has not been convened. I
conclude the Reasons he would urge for calling them and the
Reasons why it would at present be improper for them to meet.
All these Papers are committed to a Committee. I forgot to men
tion that he endeavours to justify his Conduct in carrying of
the Negroes. Mr. Parker went thro' this Place Two Days ago

Public Papers op George Clinton. 247
on his Way to Philadelphia, being imployed by Sir Guy to pro
cure a Number of Transports for his governments Service.
Last Week a Question, whether Congress should adjourn the
last of this Week, to meet at Philadelphia the first of next
Week, being put, & the ay & no being called, it passed in the
Negative, two States only, Pensylvania & Maryland, voting in
the Affirmative. Nothwithstanding this Vote I should not be
surprised to find Congress in Philadelphia before Winter. The
Expectation of the sudden Arrival of M. Van Borkel is now
urged for their removal to that City, where he, with the other
foreign Embassadors, who will probably be over this fall, can
be better accomodateed than in this Place.
With respectful Compliments to Mrs. Clinton, I am with
great Respect & Esteem Your Excellency most obed. Sert.
Ezra L'Hommedieu.
Gov'r. Clinton.

[No. 5166.]
Mr. I'Hommedieu Notifies the Governor Congress Will Adjourn
from Princeton to Annapolis — Erection of Public Buildings
Ordered at Georgetown, in the Present District of Columbia.
Princeton, August 23, 1783.
Dear Sir, In Expectation that some general Questions might be
put in a few Days relative to a peace Establishment in which our
State might be much interested, I determined to tarry one week
longer than I had determined to do when I had the Honour of
writing to your Excellency last. This Business is now under Con
sideration but I fear it will not soon be finished. Congress have
resolved to adjourn on the 12th of next Month to meet on the 26th
of Same Month at Anapolis, and have also agreed that Buildings

248 Public Papers op George Clinton.
be erected for the use of Congress at or near the lower Falls of
Potomack or GeorgeTown as you will see by a Copy of the Resolve
in the inclosed NewsPaper. Three of the Eastern States agreed
with four of the Southern in carrying this Vote, tho' they acted
from very different motives. It is very doubtful whether the
States will advance money for erecting Buildings for the alternate
re'sidemce of Congress in Two Places; if this should be the law,
the former Act for erecting buildings near Trenton is virtually re
pealed. If there is to be two Places of Residence and a Place
near GeorgeTown is to be one, the Other Place ought to be farther
North than Trenton.
Yesterday it was agreed to send an Exemplifica'tion of the pre
liminary Articles with Act of Ratificatiom to the several States.
I propose to leave this Place on Saturday next, so that I may
be at Home by the last of the Month, which will make the Time of
my Attendance in Congreiss to be Ninety Two Daysi, Travilling
Days included.
I have the Honour to be with the greatest Respect, Sr. Your
Excellency's most Obedient & very Hum. Ser't. Ezra L'Hommedieu.
His Excellency Governor Clinton.

[No. 5193.] .
Mr. I'Hommedieu Believes Virginia Entertains Designs to Seize
Niagara — Tlie Western Posts— ^Mrs. DeLancey's Case.
Princetown, Sept. 3, 1783.
Dear Sir, We have been favoured with your Answer to our Let
ter respecting Mrs. Delancey, which seems to be satisfactory to
Mr. Izard. Tis likely by this Conveyance you will receive our
official Answer to your other Letter respecting the Settlements of

Public Papers op George Clinton. 249
the Public Accounts, & Garrisoning the Posts. We have wrote
to Mr. Morris and expect his Answer to Day. We have also wrote
to Col'os. Floyd & Hamilton to make the Report as we were not
here, when that Business was under Consideration. A few Even
ings before the Receipt of your Excellencys Letter, I was informed
by My Colleague that such an Instructions had been left with him
by Colo. Hamilton who received the same early from the Legisla
ture and had suppressed it, so that it had not been known to any
Person in Congress, he having determined that it was 'best for the
state that the Posts should be garrisoned with 'Continental
Troops. Whether Colo. Floyd was acquainted with the Instruc
tions I am not able to learn. It was new to me. I having left the
Assembly before the same was n greed on.
I was observing that I found many of the States disposed to
have the frontier Posts garrisoned by the States in whose Terri
tory they were, and not by the Continent, and that I should be
glad to know the Sense of the State as it was probable this Ques
tion would turn up on discussing the Peace Arrangement, upon
which the observation was made as above, and we then agreed as
soon as an Opportunity presented to procure a Resolution agre
able to the Instructions as we supposed we had no right to Judge
of the Propriety, of a Measure directed by the Legislature. No
Possession will be taken of those Posts till next Spring, and 'tis
thought by some they will not be given up under a Year.
Halderman [governor general of Canada] has refused to permit
Baron Stuben even to visit the Posts, alledging that he had re
ceived no Orders for evacuating them. I think it necessary to
mention what has been communicated to me in confidence, that
the State of Virginia have it in Contemplation whenever an Op-
portunily presents to take Possession of Niagara, on Pretence

250 Public Papers op George Clinton. /
that the Posts with Lands to ihe eastward of it are within the
Limits of that State. Except that State makes a Cession of Va
cant Lands to the United Staters, there is too much Reason to
believe they will endeavour to carry this Plan into Execution.
I am glad to find it will be in your Power to supply me with
Money. I cannot determine how long I shall continue here, tho'
I think I shall stay 'till the British leave New York, which Event
I expect will take place sometime in OctO'ber. As I brought some
money with me, I believe about 200 Dollars will anslwer my pur
pose ; the Remainder you can keep in your Hands till such Time
as I may want — it will be disagreable to apply to the Legislature
hereafter; if no opportunity presents to send the Money, I can
borrow it here or posisibly give an Order for the same.
I have sent my Accounts to the Auditor with Directions (if he
can Audit them without my being present) to transmit them to
your Excellency. Congress still continue here & I think there is
a greater Probability of their going Southward than Northward.
With the utmost Respect I am. Sir, your Excellencys most
Obed't. Serv't Ezra L'Hommedieu.'
Governor Clinton.

[No. 5194.]
Robert Benson Reports to the New York Delegates in Congress
that Governor Clinton is Prostrated with Fever — The Carleton -
CUnton Correspondence Forwarded to the Congressional Dele
gates. Poughkeepsie, Septr. 4th, 1783
Gentlemen, It is a week to Day since his Excellency the Gov'r.
was attacked with a Fever which continued for four or five Days —
from which time he has daily short Intermissions; but from the

Public Papers op George Clinton. 251
violence of his disorder he is become exceedingly Weak & alto
gether incapable of attending to any Business. We are at pres
ent, however, led to hope his Situation not altogether dangerous.
Previous to his Indisposition he had directed Copies to be made
of his Correspondence & Proceedings with Sir Guy Carleton
which (altho' I am but imperfectly restored to health myself) I
have got compleated, to be transmitted to Congress. Your re
spective Letters of the 21st/& 22d Ulto. were reed, the very Day
his Excellency became sick, and as you express a Desire of being
possessed of those Papers, he directed me to enclose & forward
them to you without delay & at the same time to acknowledge
the Receipt of your Letters & to inform you of the cause of his
not answering them himself. Sir Guy in his last Letter trans
mitted to the Govr. the Proceed'gs of a Genl. Court Martial insti
tuted for the Trial of Mr. Jacob Duryee, a Citizen of our State;
the Circumstances of which you no doubt have been informed
by his Uncle Ab'm. Duryee who resides in the Vicinity of Prince
Town. And also copies of the Information of Lt. Colo. Hunt &
Edw'd Wane & the Disposition of Andrew Fowler, of EastChester.
These last mentioned Papers Mr. Duane says, Congress are pos
sessed of, and the Proceedings of the Court Martial, are so very
long as that the copying of them at present, would occasion too
great delay in the transmission of the other Papers. However,
if the Governor (on his recovery) or you. Gentlemen, shou'd
conceive a Copy of them necessary to be sent it will be done as
soon as possible.
I have the Honor to be &c. R. Benson.
The honble. James Duane. [ Esqrs.
" " Ezra L'Hommedieu. j

252 Public Papers of George Clinton.
P. S. Possibly by Reason of his Excellency's Indisposition &
my long absence from home there may be some other Papers
which I am uninformed of at present; if there shou'd be any
others of importance they will also be forwarded.  ^

[No. 5197.]
Robert Benson Reporis to the New York Delegates in Congress
that Governor Clinton is Convalescing.
Poughkeepsie, Sept. 7th, 1783.
Gentlemen, I have the Pleasure to inform you that His Excel
lency the Governor has for three Days past been almost freed
from his fever. He continues however very weak & almost con
stantly confined to his Bed. Since his writing you on the 23d
Ulto. he has rec'd. an official Letter from Colo. Hamilton, dated
at Princeton but which he took with him to Albany & from thence
transmitted it, wherein he reports the Motives which led Con
gress to make the Arrangement for garrisoning the frontier Posts,
together with his Reasons for the part he took in the Business.
His Excellency directs me to inform you of this to save you the
trouble of making the Report he requested
I have the honor to be ^c &c &c Rob. Benson.
The honble. The Delegates of the State of New York in Congress.

[No. 5209.]
Judge Morris Requests Governor Clinton to Appoint His Son to
the Clerkship of New York.
Clauverack, Sept. 27th, 1783.
Dr. Sir, I wrote you the other day Mentioning my friend Phill
Renselaer for the Sheriffs Office for the County of Albany in Case

Public Papers of George Clinton. 253
you and the Councill Should think proper to put an End to the
dispute in that County by Appointing a third person I hope that
Letter is come to hand and that it found you much Better than I
left you. In Case the Councill at this Meeting Should think of
Offices at New York, permitt to ask your Interest (if it should
be taken from Mr. Courtlandt) for the Clerks office of the City
and County for my son Louis. I think the Losses I have suffered
will give me a Right to Ask it. But I think it would be improper
if such a thing is thought of to fill it untill the state is possessed
of the Records. Your Excellency will Excuse this freedom ; make
my best Respects to Mrs. Clinton and be assured, I am with Real
Esteem and Respect, your Much obliged and Very Humb. Servt.
Ri. Morris.
His Excellency Gov'r. Clinton.

[No. 5210.]
Letter from the President of Congress Containing an Act
Relative to Captures at Sea Since the Provisional Articles.
Circular , Princeton, 2d October, 1788.
Sir, I have the honor of inclosing to Your Excellency an Act
of Congress of the 29 ult. relative to an instruction sent to our
Ministers in France, which Congress think proper to forward to
each State, that the Courts of Admiralty therein should be ap
prized of the determination of Congress to have the period of
the cessation of hostilities in our Seas, positively and unequivo
cally ascertained without delay.
I have the honor to be, with much regard. Your Excellency's
Most obed't. & Very humb. Sert. Elias Boudinot.
His Excellency The Governor of New York.

254 Public Papers of George Clinton.
By The United States In Congress Assembled : September 29th, 1783.
On the report of a Committee to whom was referred a motion of Mr. Gerry :
Resolved, That the Minister or Ministers for negociating peace in behalf of the
United States be and they are hereby instructed to negoclate an explanation of
the following paragraph of the declaration acceded to by the Ministers Plenipa-
tentiary of the United States the 20th January 1783 relative to Captures Viz : That
the term should be one Month from the Channel and North Sea as far as the Canary
Islands inclusively, whether in the Ocean or the Mediterranean. Ordered That a
Copy of the above Instructions be sent to the Court of Appeals and to the
Executives of the several States respectively. Chas. Thomson, Secy.

[No. 5214.]
Mr. I'Hommeclieu to Governor Clinton in Regard to Abuses Com
mitted Under the PreiMminary Treaty — Congress Orders Public
Buildings Erected Near the Fails of Trenton on the Delaware.
(private) Princeton, October 9, 1783.
Dear Sir, In my last Letter to your Excellency I gave an Extract
from a Letter received from the Ministers of the United States
at Paris; and observed that the other Communications were under
an Injunction of Secrecy: that Injunction being taken of, I am
at Liberty now to inform you of the most material Parts of their
joint Letter which seems to be intended as an Explanation of
the Preliminary Articles, & their reaisons for agreeing to them
in the manner they did. They observe that the words for restor
ing the Property of Real British Subjects were well understood
between the Commissioners not to mean or comprehend American
Refugees. Mr. Fitzherbert & Mr. Oswell [Oswald] (they siay)
know this to have been the Case & will readily confess and admit
it. It was a more delicate mode of excluding the Refugees & maki-
ing a proper Distinction between them and the Subjects of Britain
whose only particular Interest consisted in holding Lands &
property there. They also say, that the Sixth Article declaring

Public Papers op George Clinton. 255
that no future Confiscations shall be made &c. ought to have fixed
the Time with greater Certainty. They think the most fair Con
struction is, that it relates to the Date of the Cessation of Hos
tilities as that in the Time when Peace in Fact took place in
Consequence of prior informal the binding Contracts to terminate
the War.
They consider the Definitive Treaty as only giving the Dress of
Form to those Contracts and mot as constituting the Obligation
of them, and observe that had this Cessation of Hostilities been
the Effect of a Truce and consequently nothing more than a
Temporary Suspension of war, another Construction would have
been the Right one.
Mr. Heartley has officially assured them that the orders for
the Evacuation of New York will not be retarded 'by any avoid
able Delay. They are of Opinion that had they- proposed to find
a Time for it; the British Court would have contended that it
should be a Time posterior to the Date of the Definite Treaty &
that would probably have been more disadvantageous to us than
as that Article now stands.
They observe the Time of Agreeing to those Articles as a very
critical one and had a Delay taken Place most probably we should
have had another Campaign.
By Private Letters from our Ministers and other Information,
there is at Present no Prospect of a Treaty of Commerce being
agreed to with with Great Britain, nor the definitive Treatys being
concluded, except by adopting the Preliminary Articles only. If
no other advantageous Articles can be obtained tis expected this
Treaty will soon be rectified.
Congress this week have resolved that Buildings be erected for

256 Public Papers op George Clinton.
the residence of Congress near the Falls of Trenton on the Banks
of the Delaware.
We endeavoured to turn their attention to the State of New
York for their residence but could obtain but one vote (viz Con
necticut) except our own. I expect they will now adjourn from
this Place (which cannot accommodate them in the winter season)
to Philadelphia for their Temporary Residence till the Building's
are prepared. New Jersey has offered Thirty Thousand Pounds,
towards the purchasing Lands and heating Buildings. We are
informed this afternoon that Mr. Van Borkel the Minister from
the United Provinces is arrived, after a very long Passage.
I expect to leave Congress the last of the next week or the
beginning of the week after, and trust the State will, excuse me,
under my Circumstances, in leaving the State unrepresented a
few Days : except am soon at Home to make the necessary Pro
visions for removing to Long Island, I shall be detained in Con
necticut, on account of the season, till next Spring.
Gene'l Washington has lately received a Letter from Sir Guy
that he has given orders for the Evacuation of Penobscot and
directed the Transports that carryed the Refugees to Nova Scotia
to take off the Garrison : whether this will delay the Evacuation
of New York or not I am unable to determine.
Wishing your Excellency a perfect Recovery of Health I am.
Sir, Your Most obedient & very Humble Servant Ezra L'Hommedieu.
His Excellency Governor. Clinton.

Public Papers of George Clinton. 257
[No. 5220.]
Governor Clinton to Washington — Regrets the Delay in Forming
the Peace Establishment — Asks the Commander in Chief's
Cooperation to Protect New York City When the British March
Aivay. Poughkeepsie, Octr. 14th, 1783.
Dear Sir ; This is the first moment I have found myself able to
acknowledge the Receipt of your obliging Letter of the 11th Ulto.*
and to expres the grateful sense I entertain of the concern which
you are so kindly pleased to express for my Recovery. The sever
ity of my Disorder had so far abated as to enable me to leave
my Room & attempt a little moderate Exercise: but after two
or three Days, it was succeeded by a low Fever attended with a
disagreable Cough & depression of spirits which came upon me
every Afternoon & continued until Morning. Its long continu
ance has reduced me very low, and my recovery is almost imper
ceptibly slow so that I have little Reason speedily to expect a
Return of my usual Health.
I am sorry to learn that the Peace establishment is so long
delayed, though it is what I expected, nor do I believe one will
ever be agreed upon; that will give respectability to the Nation
& Security to the Frontiers. Soihe States appear now to be
exceedingly jealous of the Confederation & I observe even Towns
are giving Instructions to their Representatives to guard agt. any
Infringem't of it. It would become them to refiect that not long
since when it suited their Interest & their Union a violation of
it in a very essential Instance was so far from being disagreeable
that it was strongly advocated by those States who now appear
» September 11, 1783, Washington from Rocky Hill, wrote Clinton that, because of
insufficient representation. Congress was unable to discuss "Great National points"
including the determination of a selection of a Federal Capital.— State Historian.
17

256 Public Papers op George Clinton.
the most scrupulous. I am fully persuaded unless the Powers
of the national Council are enlarged & that body better supported
than it is at present all their Measures will discover such feeble
ness & want of Energy as will stain us with Disgrace & expose us
to worst of Evils.
We have as yet no certainty when the British will leave the
Southern District of this State; though all Accounts agree that
their stay will not exceed the tenth of next Month. As my Cor
respondence with Sir Guy, since your Excellemcy left this Quarter,
has ceased, I am something apprehensive that he may not give
me timely Notice, as he promised to do in his first Letter, for the
establishment of the Jurisdiction of the State over that District
on his Departure, and Disorder will consequently take place
before Measures can be taken by the State to prevent it. I could
wish, therefore, that the Troops on the Lines in Westchester
County might have Orders to move to the Neighborhood of the
City, the moment the British leave it (& if there should be no
impropriety in it) be subject to my Direction while they remain
there; and I would be much Obliged to your Excellency if you
will be pleased to inform me by Express (the Expence whereof
the State will cheerfully Pay) of the first Advice you may receive
of the time proposed by Sir Gaiy for his Departure.
We were under much Anxiety for Mrs. WasMnigton's Indisposi
tion* & were made extremely happy by your Account of her
Recovery. Mrs. Clinton joins me in requesting you to accept & to
tender Mrs. Washington our most respectful Compliments.
I am with the highest Sentiments of Respect & Esteem, Dr.
Sir, Your most Obed't Servt. G. C.
His Excellency Genl. Washington.
• Mrs. Washington has had a severe return of the colic since she came to this place
[Rocky Hill] but is now as well as usual— Washington to Clinton.

Public Papers op George Clinton. 259
[No. 5222.]
New York Delegates in Congress Inform Governor Clinton that
there is no Prospect of a Commercial Treaty Between the United
States and England — Massachusetts Lays Claim to New York's
Western Lands — The Strife for the National Capital — New
York to be Evacuated by the British in November.
Princeton, October 16, 1783.
Dear Sir, We should before this Time have transmitted to Your
Excellency the material Parts of the Communication® Congress
have lately received from the Ministers of the United States at
Paris, had they not been under an Injunction of Secrecy till lately,
• on Account of their being under a Commitment. In their joint
Letter of the 16th of July the preliminary Article® and their
Reasons for concluding them are explained. They observe that
the British Minister were very unwilling to make use of any
Terms that might give uneasiness to the refugee Tories, and that
the words for restoring the Property of real british Subjects were
well understood & apertained between them not to mean or com
prehend American Refugees. Mr. Fitzherbert and Mr. Oswell,
they say, know this to have been the Case & will readily confess
and admit it. They observe it was a more delicate mode of ex
cluding the Refugees and making a proper Distinction between
them & the subjects of Britain whose only particular Interest in
America consisted in holding Lands & Property.
They think the 6th Article declaring that no future Confiscation
should be made & ought to have fixed the Time with greater Cer
tainty, and the most fair Construction is, that it relates to the
Date of the Cessation of Hostilities, as, they say, " That is the
Time when Peace in fact took Place in consequence of prior in
formal tho' binding Contracts to terminate the war."

260 Public Papers of George Clinton.
They consider the definitive Treaties as only giving the Dress
of Form to those Contracts and not as constituting the Obligation
of them : they observe that had the Cessation of Hostilities been
the Effect of a Truce and consequently nothing more than a tem
porary suspension of War another Construction would have been
the right one. They say Mr. Heartley had officially assured them
that positive Orders for the Evacuation of New York had been
dispatched, and that no avoidable Delay would retard that Event ;
that had they proposed to fix a Time for it,, the British Ministry
would have contended that it should be a Time posterior to the
Date of the definitive Treaty and would probably have been more
disadvantageous to us than as that Article now stands. They are
surprised to hear that any Doubts have arisen in America respect
ing the Time when the Cessation of Hostilities took Place there
and say, " It most certainly took place at the Expiration of one
month after the Date of that Declaration in all Parts of the
World whether Land or Sea that lay north of the Latitude of the
Canaries. The Ships afterwards taken from us in the more north
wardly Latitudes ought to be reclaimed" and given up, & say,
they shall apply to Mr. Heartley, on this Subject, and also on
that of the Transportation of Negroes from New York contrary
to the Words and Intention of the provisional Articles.
At present there is no Probability of a commercial Treaty's
being agreed on between the United States and Great Britain.
The Powers engaged in the late War have agreed to sign the defini
tive Treaty together, which has hitherto been principally delayed
on account of the United States, France & Spain having been
ready to sign for some Time past. It is not now expected that our
Ministers can obtain any other beneficial Articles than those con
tained in the preliminary Treaty & that in so many words. The

Public Papers of George Clinton. 261
definitive will now probably be soon concluded. Six or Seven
different Powers in Europe have signified to our Ministers their
Desire of entering into commercial Treaties with the United
States. Congress have finally concluded that their Place of Residence
shall be near the Falls of Trenton. We used our Endeavours to
draw the Attention of Congress to the State of New York agre
ably to the Views of the Legislature expressed in their Resolves
at their last meeting, but we found them vain ; Connecticut being
the only State from which we received any support. Thus disap
pointed we thought it our Duty to give our Suffrage for the Place
now agreed on in preference to another much more remote and
inconvenient, George Town on the Potomac.
The Southern States are still much dissatisfied that the federal
Town is not more South, holding up the Idea of Centrality as the
only just Rule of determination. Hence they supported the Ideas
of Potowmac & complain of being overborn by the weight of
States & not the Force of Justice. Princetown is found on Experi
ence to be incapable of accomodating Congress alone exclusive of
our public officers and foreign Ministers a Temporary Residence
is, therefore, to be fixed upon for the Winter Season, and Trenton
to be put in order for the Reception of Congress in the Spring.
We were not a little surprised lately to hear the Delegates for
the Massachusetts seriously mention on the fioor of Congress the
Claim* of that State to the western Lands in the state of New
[No. 5227.]
• The action of Massachusetts, (Clinton document 5227) is as follows:
Commonwealth of Massachusetts. In Senate, October 21st, 1783.
Whereas in compliance with a Recommendation from the United States In
Congress assembled the Legislature of this Commonwealth is disposed to cede
a part of their unappropriated lands lying to the Westward of Hudsoris
River & bounded by the Westerly line of the State of New York for the
General benefit of the United States, and whereas previous to cession it is
necessary that the dividing line should be precisely ascertained.

262 Public Papers of George Clinton.
York, and declare they had Instructions from their State on every
Occasion to assert that Claim, and prevent any Act. of Congress
from passing which might be construed in favour of the Title of
New York in preference to that of the Massachusetts.
There is no doubt but they will embarrass the Measures our state
may judge expedient, where the Interposition of Congress is neces
sary, either in making Peace with the Indians or securing our
Frontiers. As soon as an Opportunity presents it will be the
Interest of the State to put an End to their Claims by commencing
a Suit agreably to the Articles of the Confederation; and in the
mean time to use the most vigorous Efforts for settling this Coun
try under their Authority, for no Respect ought to be paid to a
State Pretention which has laid dormant more than One Hundred
& fifty Years.
No answer has been given to Sir Guy Carleton's Letter pub
lished in the Philadelphia Newspapers (by his direction as is sup-
posed.) If the matter of that Letter 'had not been exceptionable,
nor the Terms made use of disrespectful. Congress would mot
have readily emtered imto a Correspomdemce vplth him. A Report
has been made in Consequence of that Communication which has
for a long Time lain on the Table; it respects the Publication of
Therefore, Resolved, that three Commissioners shall be appointed on behalf of this
Commonwealth who shall be chosen by joint ballot of both Houses, to join with
such Commissioners as may or shall be appointed by the Legislature of the State
of New York in running and ascertaining the dividing line between the said State
of New York and the unappropriated lands belonging to this Commonwealth lying
to the Westward of Hudsons River. And, it is further. Resolved, That the Governor
of this Commonwealth be requested to transmit an Attested Copy of this Resolve
to the Governor of the State of New York to be laid before the Legislature thereof
requesting that they would appoint Commissioners on their part for speedily ascer
taining the aforesaiil llKe. And, it is further, Resolved, that the Governor of this
Commonwealth be requested to inform Congress of the disposition of the Legislature
of this Commonwealth to cede a part of their said unappropriated Lands to the
United States for their General benefit as soon as the said line shall be precisely
ascertained. Sent down for Concurrence. Samuel Adams, Pres'dt.
In the House of Representatives October 22d, 1783 Read & Concurred.
Tristram Dalton, Spkr.
Approv d.

Public Papers op George Clinton. 263
the Ratification of the preliminary Articles by the United States,
but so many 'difficulties have arisen on this Subject, that the
Proclamation is yet delayed.
By the last Accounts from New York, which appear to come
from good Authority, there is reason to believe the Evacuation of
that City will take place sometime the next month. Sir Guy
Carlton has sent a verbal message to our Commander in Chief, by
Mr. Parker, that his Troops will embark in all the month of No
vember. We have the Honour to be with the utmost Respect, Sir, Your
Excellency's most obedient & very humble Servants. Jas. Duane.
Ezra L'Homm'edieu.
His Excellency Governor Clinton.

[No. 5223.]
Mr. I'Hommedieu Compelled to Leave Congress — Discomforts of
Being a Member of Congress — Question of the Date of the Evacu
ation of New York, Princeton, October 16, 1783.
Dear Sir, Our joint Letter which your Excellency will receive
with this, contains all the material Information I am able to com
municate, and I believe you will think it a little strange to find
it principally the same in substance & verbatim with mine of last
week. It is owing to this Circumstance: some Time before, I
nientioned the propriety of writing a joint Letter, but having no
Expectation of its being done I wrote a separate one, since 'Which
it was proposed to me to prepare an official Letter ; in which I
inserted so far as related to the Communications from our min
isters at the Court of France, the words of my last Letter (having
a Copy of the same by me.) I trust this will be a sufficient apoligy

264 Public Papers op George Clinton.
as I did mot choose to mention my having wrote on that subject
before. I have been favoured with Colo. Benson's Letter of the
5th, wrote by your Excellency's Direction. Your observations re
specting the Lands at Oriskeny are in my Opinion very just. I
shall call on Governor Livingston on my Return, tho' I have no
Expectation of making any Bargain with him.
I expect to leave Congress the last of this week or the Begin
ning of next. The Season is so far advanced that unless I am
very soon at Home I shall not be able to remove to Long Island
with my Family till next Spring. Mr. Duane will tarry till the
first of next month, and I trust the state will, considering my pres
ent Circumstances, excuse my leaving the State unrepresented a
few Days, especially as there will be Ten States represented after
I am gone. I expect to return by the way of Dobbs Ferry as the
nighest Road without going thro' New York.
General Washington told me yesterday that he expected the
Evacuation of New York would take Place about the Middle of
next Month, Mr. Parker having been informed by Sir Guy that he
should leave the City about that Time. It is yet undetermined
where Congress will Reside for the Winter. There is so great an
aversion to return to Philadelphia, even for a temporary Resi
dence, by the New England States, that it is doubtful whether
they will not remain her© or go to Trenton, notwithstanding the
inconvenient winter Accommodations in either Place.
I conclude your Excellency is on the Recovery from your long
and dangerous Illness, and hope you will be able to go into New-
York on the Evacuation where I expect to have the Pleasure of
seeing you sometime in the Winter.
With the greatest Esteem & Regard I am. Sir, Your Excellcys
Most Obed. Servt. Ezra L'Hommedieu.

Public Papers op George Clinton. 265
[No. 5225.]
Congress Recommends the Several States to Observe the 2nd Thurs
day in December, 1783, as a Day of Thanksgiving.
By the United States in Congress Assembled :
A Proclamation. Whereas it hath pleased the Supreme Ruler of all human events to dispose
the hearts of the late belligerent Powers to put a period to the efCusion of human
blood by proclaiming a cessation of all hostilities by Sea and land and these United
States are not only happily rescued from the dangers and calamities to which they
have been so long exposed, but their freedom, sovereignty and Independence ulti
mately acknowledged : and whereas in the progress of a Contest on which the
most essential rights of human nature depended, the interposition of divine
Providence in our favor hath been most abundantly and most graciously manifested
and the Citizens of these United States have every reason for praise and gratitude
to the God of their Salvation. Impressed, therefore, with an exalted sense of
the blessings by which we are surrounded and of our entire dependence on- that
Almighty Being from whose goodness and bounty they are derived. The United
States in Congress Assembled do recommend it to the several States to set apart
the second Thursday in December next as a day of public thanksgiving that all the
people may then Assemble to celebrate with grateful hearts and united voices, the
praises of their supreme and all bountiful Benefactor for his numberless mercies
and favors that he hath been pleased to conduct us in safety through all the
perils and vicissitudes of the war ; that he hath given us unanimity and resolution
to adhere to our just rights ; that he hath raised up a powerful ally to assist is
in supporting them and hath so far crowned our united efforts with success, that
in the course of the present year hostilities have ceased and we are ¦ left in the
undisputed possession of our Liberties and Independence and of the fruits of our
own lands and in the free participation of the treasures of the sea ; that he hath
prospered the labour of our husbandmen with plentiful harvests ; and above all
that he hath been pleased to continue to us the light of the blessed Gospel and
secured to us in the fullest extent, the rights of conscience in faith and worship.
And while our hearts overflow with gratitude and our lips set forth the praises
of our great Creator that we also ofEer up fervent supplications, that it may please
him to pardon all our offences, to give wisdom and unanimity to our public
Councils, to cement all our Citizens in the bonds of affection and to inspire them
with an earnest regard for the national honor and interest to enable them to improve
the days of prosperity by every good work and to be lovers of peace and tranquility ;
that he may be pleased to bless us in our husbandry, our commerce and Navigation,
to smile upon our Seminaries and means of education, to cause pure religion and
virtue to fiourish, to give peace to all Nations and to fill the World with Glory.
Done by the United States in Congress Assembled, Witness his Excellency
Elias Boudinot, our President this eighteenth day of October in the Year
of our Lord one thousand, seven hundred and eighty-three and of the Sover
eignty and Independence of the United States of America the Eighth.
Elias Boudinot.
Chas. Thomson Sec'y. ¦

[No. 5226.]
A Controversy Over Dr. Bayley.
New York, 20th Oct'r., 1783.
Sir, Some time in August last, I gave Doctor Richard Bayley, who intended
visiting his family at Pokeepsie, a Letter of introduction to General Knox. I find
it has opened a Door for a certain sett of men to indulge their malevolence ; they
have held Mr. Bayley disrespecting up to view, and by an annonymous Letter, not
only ordered him to leave the Continent, but have thought proper to point at me
— what is confined to me — I feel myself perfectly superior to ; but think it a

266 Public Papers op George Clinton.
Compliment due to your Excellency, as well as a piece of Justice to Mr. Bayley, to
state the matter to you, as an apology for introducing into your Government one
so obnoxious as Mr. Bayley appear'd to be.
Soon after 1 had formed an acquaintance with this Gentleman, I found he intended
to remain in this Country, he being conscious that his Conduct had not been mark'd
with any lines, that could draw upon him the ill-will, or resentment of any sett
of Men ; excepting the insignificant few, who had (to answer their private Ends)
circulated a report of his having treated some prisoners with cruelty In the dis
charge of his professional Duty in the year — 76. Upon this subject several
Persons have handled his character in a manner, totally different from what I
supposed to be just, considering the detail he gave me of his Conduct. The report,
however, lead me to examine his conduct — least I should cultivate an acquaintance
with a Gentleman, that I might hereafter be ashamed to acknowledge. I, there
fore, wrote a Letter, of which the enclosed No. 1 is a Copy, to Doctor Silas Holmes
lately a surgeon in our Service, he being the only person who I supposed capable
of giving me the necessary Information. No. 2 is his Answer — by which your
Excellency will perceive that those reports are without foundation, and I hope
will be of service to Mr. Bayley, should it be ever necessary for him to answer to
his Country for his Conduct. This effect I flatter myself it will at least have to
justify in your Excellency's opinion my Conduct respecting that Gentleman, which
is what I wish, and what would give me pain should I in any degree forfeit.
I must further inform your Excellency that a Number of Letters have lately
been sent to this City by Mr. Malcom, addressed to certain Characters, and
covering a printed Piece signed " Brutus " — this has once more roused the fears of
the people, as it threatens them with the resentment of the Mob, and I am credibly
informed has been the occasion of the removal of at least one hundred families,
many Members of which, perhaps might have proved greater ornaments to society
than ever Mr. Malcolm has yet appear'd. I write to your Excellency upon this
subject with freedom, and must acknowledge myself Interested as a Citizen. I
think it unfortunate that the opinions of the violent, and perhaps only of the
the peace-created-Patriot, should be blazed to the world, while the sentiments of
the Calm, and more thinking part of the Community are not yet so publickly known.
I have taken some pains to quiet the Minds of the people upon this subject —
holding out to them this Idea, but they may be assured of the protection of
Government, untill a candid Investigation can be had of their Conduct— when if it
appears that they have in any degree, run Counter to the Laws of their Country,
they must submit to their operation but that the proceedings against them, will
be in a constitutional, and legal Manner — totally divested of every party resentment,
or private Pique — this seems to be all they wish, and the only thing they expect
will be insured to them, is, a shelter from the ways of individuals.
I had the honor some months past of giving Your Excellency my sentiments
respecting Mr. 'Malcom and some of his Party, and I believe what I then said.
will appear not to have been slightly founded. But I flatter myself they can only
blaze (if at all) for a moment — their reasoning cannot operate long — they must
soon appear unsupported by those Sentiments, and actions which tend to the
benefit of society, and as they Issue from the spring of private Interest, must be
deserving of very little short of contempt, & I think will leave them far short of
their mark— with the firmest attachment to the Constitution of my Country and
a perfect Respect for your Excellency, I am Your most obed. Humble Servt.
W. S. Smith &c.
His Excellency Govr. Clinton.

SILAS HOLMES TO W. S. SMITH.
(copy) Norwich, 29th Sept'r., 1783.
Sir, I have yours of the 10th Inst. I will endeavour to give you as Concise
a detail of Doctor Bayley's Conduct towards the wounded Prisoners in 76 as I
can now retain.
When I first saw doctor Bayley he expressed sorrow that the wounded had been
so long neglected. He declared that nothing in his power should be wanting to
make them as Comfortable as their situation would admit of— we accordingly had
an Alterat-on in provision for the better, and medicines such as I made a Bill of,
together with a Quantity of Wine, Sugar &c.

Public Papers op George Clinton. 267
He also furnished ever(y) man with a bed-sack, sheet & Blanket, and assisted
In dressing once a Day, Exercising Judgement & skill in his profession & the
Humanity of a generous Enemy.
Thus, Sir, I have given the outlines of the Doctors Conduct towards the wounded.
But shall not do Justice to him, if I do not declare to you, that his Conduct,
was not only such as we had a right to expect from a generous Enemy, but such
as would meet with approbation, from a friend. I am. Sir, Your &c.
,„_„.., „ Silas Holmes.
W. S. Smith, Esqr.

[No. 5228.]
Congress Selects Two Towns in Which to Hold Sessions. .
October 21, 1783, after several days debate Congress reached
the following decision :
The preamble then being taken into consideration and the same
being amended the whole was agreed to as follows :
Whereas there is reason to expect that the providing Buildings
for the alternate residence of Congress in two places [at Tren
ton and Georgetown] will be productive of the most salutary
effects by securing the mutual confidence and affections of the
States. Resolved, That buildings be likewise erected for the use of
Congress at or near the lower falls oJf Potowmack or Georgetown,
provided a suitable district on the banks of the river can be pro
cured for a federal Town and the right of soil and an exclusive
jurisdiction or such other as Congress may direct shall be vested
in the United States; and that until the buildings to be erected
on the banks of the Delaware and Potowmack shall be prepared
for the reception of Congress their residence shall be alternately
at equal periods of not more than one year and not less than
six months in Trenton and Annapolis — And the President is here
by authorized and directed to adjourn Congress on the 12th day
of November next, to meet at Annapolis on the 26th day of the
same month for the dispatch of public business. Chas. Thomson, Secy.

268 Public Papers op George Clinton.
[No. 5230.]
James Duane Disparages the Two Capital Proposition.
Princeton, 23d October, 1783.
Dear Sir, It was with very great pleasure that I learned from
Mr. R. C. Livingston that your Excellency had got the better
of your Fever and was daily gathering strength, permit me most
sincerely to solicitate with yourself and your Family on this
happy JEvent.
Since my last. Congress to satisfy the uneasiness of the
Southern States have agreed on two federal Towns one near the
Head of the Potomack. It renders in my opinion the Falls of
Trenton a very improper place for the other and points out the
propriety of fixing one of the Towns more northerly; probably
this subject will be moved before I leave Congress. Mr. Van
Borkle is arrived at Philadelphia but has not yet announced him
self to Congress, nor do I expect to see him, as it is agreed to
adjourn to Annapolis about the time our Delegation expires: that
city being fixed for the temporary Residence of Congress till
proper Buildings for the use of Congress shall be erected: but
with this provision, that after a period not longer than a year
nor less than six months they shall remove for a like temporary
Residence to Trenton : and so alternately to sit at each place till
the federal Towns are fit for their Reception. It would be
tedious to trace the Causes which produced this project, and un
necessary because I shall soon have the pleasure of detailing them
in person.
I took the Liberty to draw upon your Excellency for £100
and am obliged to you for the orders you have given to answer
my Request. I had no time to apprize your Excellency of it in
form, as Mr. Livingston called upon me while 1 was engaged in

Public Papers of George Clinton. 269
a debate in Congress the issue of which I had much at Heart. I
hope I may be fortunate enough to receive the money in time
to discharge my Bills of Expence and get some Cloaths which
the season requires.
With every possible sentiment of Esteem and Respect — I have
the Honor to be. Dear Sir, Your Excellency's most obedient &
very humble Servant Jas. Duane.
His Excellency Governor Clinton.

[No. 5234.J
Massachusetts Appoints Three Commissioners to Act with New
York on the Question of Lands Claimed by Massachusetts in
Western New York.
Commonwealth of Massachusetts : In Senate October 28th, 1783.
Whereas the Honorable Timothy Danielson, Caleb Strong & Samuel Phillips, junr.,
Esquires were on the twenty seventh of October instant chosen Commissioners by
the joint Ballot of both Houses of the Legislature on behalf of this Commonwealth
to join with such Commissioners as may, or shall be appointed by the Legislature
of the State of New York in precisely ascertaining the dividing line between the
unappropriated Lands lying Westward of Hudson's River & belonging to this Com
monwealth & the said State of New York — therefore
Resolved, that his Excellency the Governor be & he hereby is requested to Com
mission the persons aforenamed according to the Tenor of the Resolve for appoint
ing such Commissioners & to inform the Governor of New York of the proceedings
of this Government relative to the ascertaining of the boundaries aforesaid.
Sent down for concurrence Samuel Adams, President.
In the House of Representatives Octo'r. 28th, 1783 Read & concurred
Tristram Dalton, Speaker.
Approved, John Hancock. /
True Copy Attest John Avery, Secy.

A Loyalist's Views of the Events that Preceded Evacuation Day.
Sir Guy now set himself seriously about the evacuation of New
York, and the British territories in its neighborhood. By the treaty
it was to be done " with all convenient speed." This left the time, ,

270 Public Papers op George Clinton.
in a great measure, discretionary in the Commander-in-Chief. He
was the proper judge of the time convenient. He made no unnec
essary delays. He was pressed by the British Ministry, by Con
gress, and by the Legislature of New York, to push on the evacua
tion with all haste. Sir Guy was a man of spirit, of honour, of
resolution, and was determined not to leave the country till he
could transport the loyalists (whom the new ministry had aban
doned) to their respective places of destination, and procure tran-
ports sufficient to carry off all his stores, his troops, the baggage,
and property, of the royal army. Considering the difficulties
attending so large an embarkation, the great deficiency of trans
ports for a long time, and the amazing number of loyalists to be
conveyed from the British lines, it is really amazing in how short
a time this intricate, complicated, and troublesome piece of busi
ness was effected. The articles of peace arrived at New York in
March, 1783. The provisional ones were not ratified by Congress
till the month of May following. Yet by the 25th of November,
in the same year, did Sir Guy send from New York not less than
100,000 souls, who, finding the treaty violated in every instance
by the Americans, who, seeing their friends and relations who
returned home in consequence of the peace, tied up to trees, pub
licly scourged, insulted in every shape, many of them even ham
stringed, and all sent back to the British lines, (this was not only
a manifest violation of the treaty, but at this very time there were
not less than 2,000 rebels in New York, who had come into the
city in consequence of the same peace, and were taking care of
their property, and receiving back their houses) , and recollecting,
also, the cruelties inflicted upon the Loyalists upon the evacua
tions of Savannah, and Charleston, determined to leave the places

Public Papers of George Clinton. 271
of their nativity, rather than put themselves in the power of
persecuting, merciless, and unrelenting enemies. Some were sent
to Nova Scotia, some to Newfoundland, to Canada, to St. Johns
on the Bay of Fundy, to the Bahamas, the Summer, and West
India, Islands, with all their cattle, horses, hogs, sheep, poultry,
grain, household furniture and utensils of husbandry. In this
time Sir Guy also sent to England all the stores belonging to the
Crown, all the baggage and artillery of the British Army, with
the household effects of a numerous train of Loyalists who accom
panied the fleet, and about 40,000 souls, of which the army, their
wives, servants and children, at that time consisted. The final
evacuation took place on the 25th of November, 1783, and forms
a grand epoch in the annals of America.
Upon the evacuation of New York, the Americans were left in
the full possession of their idol, their phantom, independency. A
mere ignis fatuus. This they found, in a short time, from woeful
experience, to be really the case. Upon the evacuation of New
York, also ended one of the most inglorious wars in which Great
Britain had ever been engaged, prosecuted by a Ministry the
most irresolute, undetermined, and pusillanimous, that ever Great
Britain had, conducted by such Generals as Great Britain never
before employed, and terminated by a peace the most infamous
that Great Britain ever made. A peace made under the auspices
of a Ministry composed out of a faction that had for more than
twelve years opposed every measure of government, encouraged
the Americans in their rebellion, spread the flames of discord
through the nation, created a dissension in the navy, and pro
tected Generals and Admirals, who had by their conduct dis
graced England, lost America, and exhausted the treasury.

272 Public Papers of George Clinton.
Some observations upon the effect of the evacuation of New
York, and the consequences attending the same, will now be
made. It has been already mentioned that the new Ministry was
formed in February, 1782; that Sir Henry Clinton w'as recalled,
and Sir Guy Carleton appointed his successor, who arrived at
New York, and took the command the April following. That in
September of the same year certain " provisional articles " were
agreed upon, and signed at Paris, between the American Commis
sioners, and the British Commissioners, which were to be in full
force and constitute a peace between the American States and
Great Britain, as soon as a peace should be concluded between
the latter and France. Prior to these articles Great Britain
solemnly recognized the Independence of the revolted Colonies,
and treated with them as Independent States. In February,
1783, a peace took place between Great Britain and Framce, amd
upon this event the provisional articles became absolute, and the
peace between Great Britain and America complete. By these
articles his Majesty was obliged by the new Ministry to abandon
his loyal American subjects, contrary to his wishes, his desire, and
inclination, in direct violation of his royal word pledged to them,
sacredly pledged by royal proclamations, and promised to them
by several acts of the Legislature, without a term, a condition, or
an effectual stipulation, in their favour. This peace was the
bantling of Lord Rockingham, the Duke of Richmond, Lord Shel
burne, Charles Fox, and Edmund Burke.
It has been also mentioned that by the provisional articles,
Great Britain was bound to withdraw her fleets and armies from
America, " with all convenient speed." The principal force lay

Public Papers of George Clinton. 273
at New York. There was indeed a garrison at Penobscot, in the
Eastern part of New England. This was of little consequence
and could be removed with ease. The evacuation of New York
took time. The news of the peace arrived at New York in March,
1783, the final evacuation was completed on the 25th of November
following, a space of nearly eight months. All the circumstances
and difficulties considered, it is really surprising it was accom
plished so soon. In all this business great honour is due to Sir
Guy Carleton. By no threats of the rebel powers was he ever
terrified. He acted with spirit, with resolution, firmness and
decision. His method of doing business was regular, access to
him was easy, he heard all complaints, and was determined not
to sacrifice the Loyalists, nor leave the country, till every one
of them who chose to go should be sent off. The rebels com
plained of the delay. It answered no purpose. The Article was
indefinite. The words were " with all convenient speed." This
Sir Guy promised them should be most punctually complied with.
But he was the sole judge of " the time convenient." The Min
istry pressed the evacuation. Sir Guy gave the same reasons,
" I have not shipping sufficient, nor shall the Loyalists be aban
doned." In this Sir Guy deserves great honour, and in this he
met with the applause, and approbation, of all good, honest, and
virtuous men. It met, however, with the curses of the Ministry,
of the faction in England, and of the rebels in America.
Unfortunately, however, for Sir Guy, in his now critical situa
tion, he was unacquainted with the laws of England, and what
was much worse, surrounded by strangers, some of them artful,
designing, and cunning, and perhaps either rebels at heart, or well
affected to the cause. Others again had purposes of their ow'n, or
the interest of friends to serve, as it was more than eight months
18

274 Public Papers op George Clinton.
from the news of the peace in America until the final evacuation
of America. The Loyalists in general, in the meantime, left the
British lines with their families and personal property. This
most of them did with little difficulty, considering the goodness,
the humanity, assistance and attention, given and shown them
by Sir Guy. They were enabled by the Articles to recover their
debts, and by attorney could sell their real estates. In this they
were to meet with no interruption, or, at least so said the Articles.
But there were, within the British lines at New York, a number
of gentlemen of the first rank, character, opulence, connections,
and fortunes, in the province, who were in a very diflferent situa
tion. These gentlemen had by a law of the rebel Legislature
of New York, passed in October, 1779, been attainted of high trea
son, their estates, both real and personal, confiscated, themselves
proscribed, and if ever afterwards found within the State to
suffer, as the act expresses it, " the pains of death without the
benefit of Clergy." These gentlemen were under an actual neces
sity of leaving the province whenever the evacuation took place,
or staying behind and being hanged. It is natural to suppose that
the former would be the choice. The large real estates of which
most of them were seized, could not be removed, nor sold. They
were confiscated, and to be disposed of by the rebels, as soon as
the evacuation should take place, for the benefit of the State.
No provision had been made for these unhappy gentlemen by the
English Ministry. Their estates were sacrificed, and their fami
lies totally ruined, to gain a peace for Great Britain and humour
the American rebels. Many of these attainted persons had large
personal estates within the British lines, due upon bonds,
mortgages, and simple contracts. The debtors were rich opulent
tradesmen, mechanics, farmers and merchants. No civil law ex-

Public Papers op George Clinton, 275
isted. Not a Court of Justice was open. Some partial, unprin
cipled, inefficacious courts, called Courts of Police, indeed there
were. But by the formation of these Courts they had no cogni
zance of debts contracted prior to the 1st of May, 1777. The
Judges of these Courts were not sworn to do justice. They were
left to their own consciences, and God knows they were not very
tightly bound. They all had made fortunes, and yet exercised
neither law, justice, nor equity. The rebellion was a trading one,
and the officers of the Courts of Police made the most of it. An
application to these Courts the attainted gentlemen knew would
answer no purpose. Memorials to Sir Guy was the only expedi
ent that could be thought of. He was Commander in Chief.
Every creature within the British lines was under his jurisdiction,
within his power, and under his command; his authority was
absolute. To whom, then, were the attainted gentlemen to apply
for redress, in order to compel their debtors to pay their just
demands before the evacuation took place, than to the Commander
in Chief? He was in possession of a power absolute and uncon
trollable. To him they did apply ; they set forth the unhappy situ
ations to which they were reduced in consequence of the peace, the
rebel act of attainder, the want of the civil law and the usual
courts of Justice; that New York was to be evacuated with all
convenient speed ; that when it happened the memorialists would
be totally and absolutely remediless, deprived of their legal debts,
and disabled from bringing actions for their recovery, and prayed
that the General, as Commander in Chief, would consider their
unfortunate cases, exert his power, and compel the debtors to pay
their creditors before the evacuation took place.
Above eight months elapsed between the arrival of the news of
peace at New York, and the complete relinquishment of the conn-

276 Public Papers of George Clinton.
try. Had Sir Guy exerted himself, availed himself of his amazing
power and authority, he might within such a time have compelled
every debtor within the lines to have satisfied his honest creditor.
Prison-ships, and prevosts, would not have been much relished by
merchants, farmers, traders, and mechanics. Of such, did the
debtors in general consist. Why Sir Guy Carleton refuse'd to
make use of his power in favour of these unhappy Loyalists is un
certain. It could not be for want of knowing his own authority
and power, under his commission, and instructions, as Com
mander in Chief in America. He hardly wanted at that period
to conciliate the affections of the rebels. Honour, virtue, justice,
and honesty, were ever the ruling principles of his conduct.
Whether he was unwilling to interfere in civil matters person
ally ; whether he was governed by the advice of some of his daily
attendants, of little honour, little knowledge, and less law; or
whether he was guided by an artful, cunning, designing, hypocriti
cal, Presbyterian rebel, who under pretence of unbounded loyalty,
had wormed himself into his good graces through the interest and
influence of his favourite, Mr. Commissary Watson, his Excel
lency upon this occasion took a most extraordinary step. Instead
of sending a proper officer to the debtors', insisting upon payment,
the prevost, or prisonship, he issued a commission authorizing
certain persons therein named, to examine into all demands of the
Loyalists, liquidate all debts, hear all the parties, examine wit
nesses, and ascertain the exact sum due to each claimant. But he
gave no power to compel the payment of a single debt. The com
mission was therefore idle, frivolous, and inefficacious. It ans
wered no one purpose, except putting a guinea a day in the pocket
of each Commissioner, and rations of every kind for himself and
family.

Public Papers op George Clinton. 277
The Commisisionersi sat for near seven months, did little good,
ate the King's provisions, burnt his wood, drank his liquor, and
pocketed his money. Let us now consider the nature of this com
mission. It contained not a power that was not then vested in
the Courts of Police. It confined the Commissioners in their ju
risdiction to all debts contracted after the 1st of November, 1776,
and such debts as these were recoverable in the Courts of Police.
It was the payment of debts due prior to that day, that the me
morialists begged the General to compel. To do this the commis
sion gave no power. The money was, of course, lost. The Com
missioners got a great deal.
The Loyalists lost all their debts, though due to them from sub
stantial people. They were obliged to leave America upon the
evacuation of New York. Some went to, and settled upon, lands
uncultivated in the wilds of Nova Scotia. Others went to Eng
land, where they were by the Ministry left to starve with their
wives and children upon pittances of from £50 to £200 a year.
Had their just debts been paid, and Sir Guy could have compelled
their payment, they might, when in England at least, have lived
comfortably. These gentlemen, prior to the rebellion, dwelt in
elegant houses, had servants in abundance, large, improved, and
cultivated, estates, and lived in affluence and splendour. The an
nual incomes of many of them amounted from £500 to £5000.
They lived like German princes. The productions of their estateis
afforded them almost every kind of luxury. They were loyal,
their estates were large; for this they suffered. They ventured
everything on the part of their sovereign and the Constitution of
Britain. They were, however, abandoned.
If there is a blot on Sir Guy's character iv is in this affair. I
even excuse him here. Every man may be imposed upon. Sir

278 Public Papers op George Clinton.
Guy had admitted into his confidence an artful, cunning, hypo
critical man, of true rebellious principles, whose every relation
was in the service of Congress. I pity Sir Guy. I despise his
adviser, and I execrate the man who introduced the rogue that so
gained his confidence, and put him upon plans imjurious to the
loyalists. Sir Guy loved the loyalists ; his imtemtiom was never to
injure a single one; his confldence was misplaced; he was de
ceived; he was imposed upon. Sir Guy was a soldier, "honest,
bold and brave ;" his composition was honour, justice and virtue.
He had no disguise, suspected none, and thought everybody as
honest as himself. Such a person is easily imposed upon by a
confidant, for as Shakespeare says, " Man may smile, can smile,
yet be a villain." Such a character, unfortunately for the Loyal
ists, was in the General's train, and what was worse, in his confi
dence. — ^From judge Thom'as Jones' History of New York.

[No. 5246.]
Sir Guy Carleton Fixes the Official Date of Evacuation for Novem
ber 22 to Governor Clinton and Directs the Public Records to
Be Delivered to Such Persons as the Governor Shall Designate.,
New York, 12th November, 1783,
Sir, Being on the point of withdrawing His Majesty's Troops
from this place,* I have directed the Records, and other public
papers here, to be delivered to such person as your Excellency
•¦Since Carleton's letter to Congress of August 17th nothing further was deter
mined on the time when the city would be turned over to the Americans. November
6th Washington pointedly asked the British Commander when he expected to
embark, and received a reply that the troops would be withdrawn before the end of
the month. "At all events, I propose to relinquish the posts at Kingsbrldge, and
as far as McGowans Pass Inclusive on this Island, on the 21st instant ; to resign
the possession of Herrick's and Hamptead, with all to the eastward on Long Island,
on the same day ; and if possible, to give this city with Brooklyn, on the day follow-

Public Papers of George Clinton. 279
shall appoint to receive them ; and I should be glad he might arrive
here for that purpose on or before the 22d instant, on which day,
if possible, I shall retire from New York and Long Island, the
Post at Denyses only excepted, which, with Paulus Hook and
Staten Island will be given up as soon after as may be practicable,
agreeable to information which I have this day given to His
Excellency General Washington.
I am Sir, Your Excellency's Most obedient and most humble
Servant. Guy Carleton.
His Excellency Governor Clinton.

[No. 5247.]
Captain Delavan Offers His Troop of Horse as Escort to Governor
Clinton Upon His Entrance into New York When the British
Withdraw.Sir, I have Reason to Suspect the British Will Shortly Evaquate
New Y''ork — in Case I Expect your Exelencey Will Take posses
sion if it Should be your Exelenceys pleasure that My Troop of
horse or any part of them Should Wait on you. Should be happy
to know by the barer, Capt. Clark — the numbers of Men and uni
form that I May Comduct accordingly. Rem'ain, Sir, With Respect
Your Exelencey's Most humble Servant. Sam. Delivan.
My Exelencey Governor Clinton.
Ing: and Faulus Hook, Dennis's, and Staten Island, as soon after as may be prac
ticable." Washington had a conference with Governor Clinton on the 14th, and the latter
Issued a proclamation, dated the 15th of November, giving notice of the day
appointed by Sir Guy Carleton for evacuating the city, and summoning ' the several
members of the council of New York to convene at Bast Chester, on the 21st, with
a view of Immediately establishing civil government In the districts of the State
hitherto occupied by the British troops ; and at the same time enjoining and requir
ing the inhabitants of such parts to yield due obedience to the laws of the State,
and to be vigilant in preserving the public peace and good order.

280 Public Papers op George Clinton.
[No. 5249.]
Governor Clinton to General Knox in Reply to His of Same Date
as to the Evacuation of New York, &g.
Poughkeepsie, Novr. 13th, 1783.
Dear Sir, I am honored with your Letter of this Day with its
enclosures & am much obliged by this additional mark of your
polite Attention.
We must wait Sir Guy's Pleasure, & I fear considering the
advanced Season, that he will put myself as well as many other
Citizens who cannot think of moving their families in the City
until his Departure to great Inconveniences & Difficulties. I
hope the Commander in Chief will have arrived at the Point
before this reaches you & that we shall mot be disappointed in
the pleasure of seeing him at Poughkeepsie.
Mrs. Clinton joins me in requesting you to present our best
Respects to Mrs. Knox. .
I have the honor to be with great Esteem &c &c
G. C.
The homble. Major Genl. Knox.

[No. 5251.]
Sir Guy Carleton Notified by Governor Clinton that John Morin
Scott is Delegated to Receive the Public Records.
Poughkeepsie, Nov'r. 15th, 1783.
Sir, I have had the honor of receiving your Excellency's Letter
of the 12th Instant and am much obliged by the Information it
gives me.
The honorable John Morin Scott, Esqr. is duly authorized to
receive the Records and other public Papers. He is now in the
City of New York or its vicinity and I have written to him by
the present conveyance to attend & receive them.

Public Papers of George Clinton. 281
I take the Liberty of enclosing for your Excellency's Infor
mation the Copy of a Proclamation * I have issued in consequence
of the Notice given me of your Intention to withdraw the Forces
under command from certain Parts of the southern District of
this State.
I am w.ith great Respect Sir Your Excellency's most Obedient
Serv't.
G. C.
His Excellency Sir Guy Carleton, K. B.

[No. 5252.]
Governor Clinton Notifies John Morin Scott of His Appointment
to Receive the Public Records at New York.
Poughkeepsie, Nov'r. 15th, 1783.
Sir, I have this Day received a Letter from Sir Guy Carleton
informing me that he is on the point of withdrawing the Troops
under his command from the City of New York & and that he
had directed the Records and other public Papers to be delivered
¦• By his Excellency, George Clinton, Esq., Governor of the State of New York,
General and Commander in Chief of all the Militia, and Admiral of the Navy of
the game. PROCLAMATION.
Whereas I have received authentic information, that his Britannic Majesty's
forces will be withdrawn from certain parts of the southern district of this State,
on Friday the 21st, and from the remaining part of the said district (Staten
Island, and the post at Denyses on Nassau Island excepted) on the 22d inst. I
do therefore, by these presents, require the Council, constituted by the act, entitled,
" an act to provide for the temporary government of the southern parts of this
state, whenever the enemy shall abandon or be dispossessed of the same, and
until the Legislature can be convened," passed the 23d day of October, 1779, to
meet at Guyons Tavern, at East Chester, on the 21st Inst, of which the several
Members composing the said Council will take notice, and give their attendance
accordingly. And I do hereby strictly enjoin and require the inhabitants within
such parts of the said southern district, from which the said forces shall be with
drawn as aforesaid, and all others whom it may concern, to yield due obedience
to the laws of this State ; and to be vigilant in preserving the public peace and good
order. Given under my hand and the Privy Seal of the said State, at Poughkeepsie,
this 15th day of November, in the eighth year of the independence of this
State, 1783. George Clinton.
By his Bxeellency's command,
Robert Benson, Sec.

282 Public Papers of George Clinton.
to such person as I should appoint to receive them ; expressing a
wish at the same time that the Person appointed for this purpose
miight be in N. York on or before the 22d Instant, the Day fixed
for the evacuation of the City ; In my answer to his Letter which
was forwarded by the present Conveyance, I have informed him
that you are duly authorized to receive the Records & public
Papers belonging to the State & that I had written to you to
attend & receive them accordingly, which I have to request you
will be pleased to do immediately on receipt of this Letter, that
no inconvenience may take place in point of time for their
Delivery. I have issued my Proclamation for convening the Council for
the temporary Govt, on the 21st Instant at East Chester, from
whence they will probably adjourn to the City the next Day.
I am &c &c G. C.
The honorable John Morin Scott, Esqr.

[No. 5256.]
Sir Guy Carleton Notifies Govei-nor Clinton He Will Be Unable to
Withdraw from New York Before the 25th inst., and Alludes
to Plots to Plunder the City on that Day.
New York, 19th November, 1783.
Sir, Congress having referred it to His Excellency General
Washington, to make such arrangements as should be thought
requisite on the evacuation of this City, I communicated to him
on the 12th Instant my intentions relative to that event. My
letter of the same date to your Excellency was written at a time
when I understood you were confined by sickness.

Public Papers of George Clinton. 283
I have this day written again to General Washington,* that,
agreeably to my former notification. His Majesty's Troops will
retire from Kings Bridge, and McGowans Pass, on this Island,
the 21st Instant, that I shall resign the possession of Herricks
and Hampstead, with all to the Eastwai'd on Long Island, the
same day, and that Paulus Hook will be relinquished on the day
following; but that, notwithstanding every exertion has been
made with a view to evacuate this City at the same time, which
it was my hope and intention to do, I now find it impracticable.
However, I have informed his Excellency, that, if I receive proper
assurances of our being allowed to retain a free and uninterrupted
use of the Ship Yard and Hallet's. Wharf in New York, with Gov
ernors Island, and the Brewery and Bake House on Long Island
(which the Admiral represents to be indispensibly necessary for
the Shipping and Sick Seamen) until we can be ready to take our
•New York 19, November, 1783.
Sir : His Majesty's troops will retire from Kingsbrldge and McGowan's Pass
on this Island, on the 21st Instant, as notified to your Excellency In my letter of
the 12th ; and I shall resign the possession of Herrick's and Hempstead, with all
to the eastward on Long Island, the same day. Paulus Hook will be relinquished
on the day following ; but, though every exertion has been made with a view to
evacuate this city at the same time, which it was my hope and intention to do,
1 now find it impracticable. Yet, notwithstanding the winds have been lately very
unfavorable, if I have proper assurances that we shall retain a free and uninter
rupted use of the Ship-Yard and Hallett's Wharf in New York, and the Brewery
and Bake-house on Long Island (which the admiral represents as indispensably
necessary for the shipping and sick seamen), until we can be ready to take our
final departure, I shall retire from this city and from Brooklyn on Tuesday next
at noon, or as soon after as wind and weather may permit ; only retaining (in
addition to the reservation above specified) Staten Island, with Denyses, New
Utrecht, and the circumjacent district on Long Island, for such time as may be
found absolutely requisite for the troops, that may then remain unprovided with
transports. I have received repeated information, the substance of which 1 enclose, that a
deliberate combination has been formed to plunder this town whenever the King's
troops shall be withdrawn ; and, as I doubt not that your Excellency is, with me,
desirous to prevent every species of enormity on this interesting occasion, I give
you this Intimation, which I have reason to think is well founded, and shall en
deavour to persuade the informant to wait on you in person, which he seems not
averse to, though greatly apprehensive of the resentment of those concerning
whom he has given information. I am. Sir, &c Guy Carleton.
To His Excellency General Washington

284 Public Papers of George Clinton.
final departure, I shall retire from this City and Brooklyn on
Tuesday next at noon, or as soon after as wind and weather may
permit, only retaining (in addition to the reservations above
specified) Staten Island, with Denyce's, [at the narrows] New
Utrecht, and the circumjacent district on Long island, for such
time as shall be absolutely requisite for the Troops that may re
main unprovided with Transports.
I have received repeated information that a deliberate combina
tion has been formed to plunder this City whenever the King's
Troops shall be withdrawn ; and as I cannot doubt but your Ex
cellency is, with me, desirous to prevent every species of enormity
on this interesting occasion, I enclose three papers containing the
Substance of the information above mentioned, which I have
reason to think well founded.
I am. Sir, Your Excellency's most obedient and most humble
servant Guy Carleton.
His Excellency Governor Clinton

Additional Information Concerning Evacuation Day Plots.
Copy Information by Mr.  .
Tuesday, 18th November, 1783.
He retains his opinion that there is a design to commit acts
of violence here, whenever the evacuation takes place. He be
lieves William Dewit to be intent upon mischief. He has colours
prepared for the collection of a Mob on that occasion. He has
been absent from home six weeks, five days excepted, but in what
part of the surrounding Country he is, the Deponent knows not,
nor what the strength and numbers of his Associates in the design
may amount to. He has reason to be suspicious of the family of
Webbers who live about four miles off, at the house of one Hopper.

Public Papers op George Clinton. 285
The Deponent thinks it would be expedient to send him out to
General Washington, or such General as may command the Con
tinental Troops on their entry into this City; and for the preserva
tion of the general tran^quility, he is willing to go out upon that
errand; that due warning may be given, and suspected characters
secured. (signed)
[No. 5257.]
Orders Relating to the Wihdrawal of the British Troops from tlie
Various Posts in New York and Vicinity.
Memoranda from Maj'r. Beckwith :
Kings Bridge as well as the Fort and the Works on the Heights
within it, will be abandoned on Fryday Morning, 21st inst., be
tween 8 & 9 o'clock.
The Barracks at McGowen's, with that part of the Island to
the Northward, will be abandoned on the same day about 10
o'clock in the morning.
By sending Commissaries, the different Barracks will be given
up, with such furniture as may be left & in their present order —
the Works also in their present state. — there are a few pieces of
old Cannon in them.
Horn's Hook Redoubt on the East River, will be abandoned at
the same time with McGowen's pass, provided it is not to be occu
pied by Genl. Washington 'till the final evacuation of New York
Island. Nothing beyond the Lines around the City of New York, which
extend from the North River to the East River, will be retained
by Sir Guy Carleton, excepting such advanced posts as may be
judged necessary.

286 Public Papers of George Clinton.
The Patroles will not pass more than one mile in front of the
Lines or such advanced posts, for the preservation of good Order.
That post of Long Island to the Eastward of Herricks & Ham-
stead, including those Townships, will also be abandoned the
morning of the 21st inst.
The evacuation of New York City will take place on Saturday
the 22d inst. provided it is practicable, the particular hour can
be made known in a future communication.
New York & Brooklyn Heights will be abandoned at the same
time. Paulus Hook, Denises, and Staten Island will be evacuated as
soon as circumstances admit. Sir Guy Carleton's motive for
withdrawing from the. City of New York & Brooklyne, previous
to the final evacuation is, that he conceives, the possession of the
City is the principle object with the State.
Sir Guy Carleton expects that the navigation, every way, will
remain perfectly free 'till the final evacuation of all the posts and
harbours. Should any Ships in Government Services arrive at New York,
after the final evacuation, they shall be entitled to all the Assist
ants and advantages, as mentioned in Sr. Guy's Letter to Genl.
Washington.

John Morin Scott to Governor Clinton as to the Public Records
to bel Delivered to Him.
New York, Nov'r 19th, 1783.
Sir, The great Illness of Mrs. Scott as well as my own Indispo
sition compelled Me to confine myself as a prisoner to this Moment
in Mr. Sharpe's house. It is taken up as an Opinion here, tho'
doubted, heretofore that I have a Right to the Custody, not only

Public Papers op George Clinton. 287
of the Records belonging to the S3cretary's Office, but also to
those belonging to the City and the other Counties of the South
ern district. Tho' they are ready to deliver them to my Order;
yet the Opinion you know is ill founded. This Idea was communi
cated to Me in a Letter from Mr. Elliot. Mr. Cortland called on
Me this Morning, and offered to deliver up the City Records to
Me; I shewed him Mr. Elliot's Letter, with which he was not
satisfied, saying that he looked for your order for the delivery
of the papers.
As the Evacuation will take place so shortly I believe it may be
best to leave those Matters as they are — However, the papers
properly belonging to my Office will be delivered to my Son to
morrow by Inventory. If you wish I should possess myself of
any other records be pleased to single out those which you wish
Me to attend to. I hear your Entrance into the City will be post
poned till Monday. However, I shall know the period, and meet
you on the Road.
I am with great Respect, Your Excellency's most obedient
Servant Jno. Morin Scott.
His Excellencv Governor Clinton.

[Nos. 5261-5262.]
Citizens of Neio York Returned from Exile Make an Address of
Acknowledgments and Congratulation to Governor Clinton^-
The Governor's Reply.
To His Excellency George Clinton, Esqr. Governor of the State of New York,
Commander in Chief of the Militia and Admiral of the Navy of the same.
The Address of the Citizens of New York who have returned from their Exile
in behalf of themselves & their suffering Brethren. Sir, When we consider your
faithfull Labours at the Head of the Government of this State, Devoid as we
conceive every free People ought to be of Flattery. — We think we should not be
wanting in Gratitude to your Vigilant and assiduous services In the Civil Line.

288 Public Papers op George Clinton.
The State, Sir, is Highly Indebted to you in your Military Capacity — a Sense of
your real merit will secure to you that Reputation which a brave man Bxposlng
himself in Defence of his Country will ever deserve. We most sincerely congratulate
you on your Happy arrival at the capital of the state. Your Excellency hath
borne a part with us in the General Distress, and was ever Ready to Alleviate
the Calamities you could not Effectually remove. Your Example taught us to
suffer with Dignity. We beg leave to assure your Excellency that as prudent
Citizens and faithfull subjects to the People of the State of New York we will do
every thing in our Power to Enable you to support order and good Government in
the Community over which you have by the Suffrages of a Free & Discerning People
been Elected to preside.
Signed at the request of the meeting.
Thos. Randall. William Gilbert, Senr.
Danl. Phoenix. Geo : Janeway.
Sam. Broome. Eph'm. Brasher.
Thomas Tucker. Jerem'h. Wool.
Henry Kip. Francis Van Dyk.
Patt. C. Dennis. Wm. W. Gilbert.
Abm. P. Lott. New York Novr. 22d, 1783.

Governor Clinton's Reply.
Gentlemen, Accept my most sincere Thanks for your very affec
tionate and respectful address. Citizens who, like you, to indi
cate the sacred Cause of Freedom, have quitted their native City,
their Fortunes and possessions : & sustained with manly Fortitude
the Rigors of a long and painful exile, supeseded to the grevious
Calamities of 'a vengeful war, merit, in an eminent degree, the
title of Patriots and the Esteem of mankind ; and your Confidence
and approbation are Honors which cannot be received without
the utmost sensibility, contemplated without gratitude and satis
faction. To your sufferings and to the invincible ispirit with which they
were surmounted, I have been witness ; and while I sympathized
in your Distresses I have deeply lamented that I had not means to
alleviate them equal to my Inclination :
The assurances of your firm support in the administration of
Government give me similar Pleasure. A Reverence for the Law
is peculiarly essential to publick safety & Prosperity under our

Public Papers of George Clinton. 289
free Constitution; and should we suffer the Authority of the
Magistrate to be violated, for the sake of private Vengeance, we
should be unworthy of the numberless Blessings which an indul
gent Providence hath placed) within our Reach. I shall endeavour
steadily to disicharge my Duty, and I flatter myself that this state
will become no less distinguished for Justice & publick Tram-
quility in Peace than it has hitherto been marked' in War for
Vigor, Fortitude and Perseverance. Gentlemen, Your kind Con
gratulations on my arrival at this metropolis, after so long an
absence, are highly acceptable, and I most cordially felicitate with
you on the Joyful Event which have restored us to the free &
uncontrollable Enjoyment of our Right. While we reglard with
inviolable gratitude and assertion all who have aided us by their
Council or their arms let us not be unmindful of that Almighty
Being whose gracious Providence has been manifestly Interposed
for Deliverance and Protection : and let u® prove by our Virtues
that we desire to partake of the Freedom soverignty & Independ
ence which are so happily established throughout these United
States.

[No. 5263.]
Add/ress of the Marine Society of New York to Governor Clinton
on His Entry into That City.
To his Excellency George Clinton, Esquire, Governor, General
and Commander in Chief of all the Militia and Admiral of the
Navy of the State of New-York.
The humble Address of the Marine Society of the City of New-
York. May it please your Excellency, At a Time when every Heart
Id .

290 Public Papers op George Clinton.
attached to the Liberties of this County expands with Joy, for
the happy Restoration of publick Tranquility, we should be want
ing in Duty, not to take the earliest Opportunity of congratulat
ing your Excellency upon so desirable an Event.
The Independence of America, so hajppily acheived by the Wis
dom and Bravery of her virtuous Sons, assisted in their Exertions
by a most illustrious & generous Ally will ever be a Theme we
shall dwell on with Pleasure ; and in reviewing the Variety of
Characters who have contributed their Aid, both in Council and
in the Field, to the Salvation of their Country, we should be really
inexcusable, were we not to remember •with the deepest Affection
& Gratitude, the important Part you have acted on the Side of
Liberty. Impressed with the truest Sense of your Virtues and Abilities,
the Citizens of this State, have continued in your Hands, the
Reins of Government; and however arduous may be tide Duties
of your office, we hope your Labours will be softened by this
Reflection, that with a free and umcorrupted People, it is a just
and prevailing opinion, that merit like your only dteserves exalted
stations. Much might be said in Commendation of your Excellency,
which we are forced to omit, lest in the Abundamce of our Ap
plause, you might, mistake for Adulation the genuine Sentiments
of our Hearts; but you will permit us for once to declare, that
those who are unacquainted with your Excellency may know, that
you are not more distinguished amongst us, for your steadly Zeal
and Attachment to your Country, than for a refined Humanity
V7hich adds lustre to all your other Virtues.
To be " Feet to the lame and Eyes to the blind, and to make the
Widow's Heart sing for Joy " has long been your Employment

Public Papers of George Clinton. 291
and Delight ; a Disposition so happily moulded to promote some
of the flrst objects of our Institution, could not but call our Atten
tion to your Excellency; and Institution which we flatter our
selves has long since met with your Approbation, because foundfed
on the Principles of Benevolence & pulblick Utility.
This Corporation, from a new ardent Desire, to have the Honour
of your Name on the Rolls of the Society, and to exhibit this
publick Testimony of their Regard for your Person, have unani
mously voted you one of their Members', and most humbly beg
your Acceptance of these Testimonials* of their Esteem; not
doubting, but under the Influence of your Excellency's benign
Administration, this Institution will derive new Life & Vigour,
and become as extensively useful, as the Design of it is generons
& laudable. By Order of the Society Anth'y. Griffiths, Secry.
New York, Novem 22d, 1783.

[No. 5264.]
Governor Clinton from Harlem Makes Final Disposition with Sir
Guy Carleton for the Evacuation of New York.
Harlem, Novr. 22d, 1783.
Sir, I have had the honor to lay your Excellency's Letter of
the 19th Inst, before the Council appointed for the Temporary
Gov't, of the Southern District of the State and by their Resolu
tion of yesterday a Copy of, which is enclosed you will perceive
that they have fully acceded, on the Terms proposed for the accom
modation of the british Navy & the Troops under your command.
I have, therefore, only to assure your Excellency of the uninter
•The Certificate & Copy of the Charter,

292 Public Papers of George Clinton.
rupted enjoyment of the several Places & accommodations men
tioned in your Letters in confidence, however, that they will be
given up on your part as soon as it may become practicable, even
'tho this should be before the Legal Evacuation. At the saane
time observe that it may become neecessary to define with greater
Precision what is meamt by " New Utrecht & the circumjacent
District," to prevemt an equivocal Jurisdiction which may other
wise take place in that part of the Country.
I am obliged for the Information communicated by your Excel
lency of a Design to disturb the Peace of the City, though from the
Character & want of importance of the Person whom it is aiiedged
is to conduct this Business, I cannot entertain a belief that any
thing serious will happen.*
I am &c
G. C.
Sir Guy Carleton, K. B.
• Under the same date and from the same place Washington wrote to Sir Guy
Carleton as follows :
Sir, I have been honored with your Excellency's letter of the 19th Instant; and.
for a reply to the proposition contained In It, I must beg leave to refer you to his
Excellency Governor Clinton, who will inform you by this conveyance, that the
council Instituted for the temporary government of the State So. District have
acceded to. your reservations, in full confidence that the embarkation will be expe
dited as much as the circumstances will admit.
With regard to the information, that a deliberate combination had been formed
to plunder the city of New York, I have to observe, that the Intelligence appears
to me not to be well-founded; at least, no Intimations of the kind had ever before
come to my knowledge; and I can assure your Excellency, that such arrangements
have been made, as will, in my opinion, not only utterly discountenance, but
effectually prevent, any outrage or disorder, unless the evacuation should be
delayed until a much larger number of people shall be collected from the country,
than have been assembled as yet for the purpose of going Into town on its being
relinquished by your troops; in which case the difllculty of establishing civil gov
ernment and maintaining good order may be greatly increased.
Lieutenant-Colonel Walker will have the honor to deliver this letter to your
Excellency, and to assure you of the respectful consideration with which
I am. Sir, &c.

!^^^^^

Public Papers of George Clinton. 293
EVACUATION DAY CEREMONIES.
Preliminary Arrangements and Events Prior to the British
Leaving New York City.
The preliminary arrangements for the evacuation of New York
both on the part of the English and the Americans were most
interesting. Garrison orders, dated West Point, November 16,
1783, were as follows :
The definitive treaty being concluded, and the city of New York
to be evacuated on the 22nd instant, his excellency the commander
in chief proposes to celebrate the peace at that place, on Monday
the first day of December next, by a display of the fireworks and
illumination which were intended to be exhibited at this post, or
such of them as.have not been injured by time, and can be removed.
Jno. Doughty, Port Major.
Sentiment in New York at the Time.
New York, November 18. Last Friday evening Mr. Ephraim
Smith, heretofore inspector of the markets, assisted by a party of
soldiers, determined that the Damned Rebels, as that worthy
character is pleased to term them, should not enjoy so small a con
venience when the insolence of his office should be mo more, cut
dowm and carried to 'his house the bell of the Fly Market, with
threats of prostrating the whole of the erections there: — But, it
is with great pleasure we inform the public, that the commandant,
having been made acquainted with the transaction by a gentleman
who happened accidentally to be present, he mot only severely
reprimanded ¦ Mr. Smith for his conduct; but Mr. Smith, by his
orders, will have the mortification of replacing the bell in its old
station. Le malheureuse Ephraim !
We hear that their excellencies general Washington and gov-
/

294 Public Papers op George Clinton.
ernor Clinton, 'are expected- here on Saturday next. It is
requested of the gentlemen who have served in the American army,
now in town, on the arrival of his excellency general Waishimgtom,
to appear with their union cockades, in compliment to his excel
lency, and our great and good ally, Louis XVI.
New York, November 20. His excellency general Waishington,
is expected in town on Saturday next, when, for the honor, dignity
and justice of the American nation, it is to 'be hoped every real
friend to it will observe that steady, decent behaviour so strongly
recommended by his illustrous character ; a,s the adopting his noble
sentiments cannot but be productive of the happiest consequences.
A Newspaper Report from Philadelphia.
Philadelphia, Tuesday Nov. 18. According to the latest advices
from Jersey, the final evacuation of the city of New York is to
take place on Thursday next, when Sir Guy Carleton is to deliver
up the government to the civil authority of the state, and colonel
Henry Jackson, with a regiment of continental troops, is to take
possession on behalf of the American forces.
However, it is said, that any British troops who may unavoid
ably remain after that day, are to retire to Long Island, where they
will stay until vessels can be provided to carry them off.
The same accounts mentioned that his excellency general Wash
ington was daily expected to visit New York, but in a private
character. Colonel Jackson is the gentleman who had the honor of taking
possession of the city of Philadelphia, on the evacuation of it by
Sir Henry Clinton.
Resolutions Adopted by Exiles from New York.
At a meeting of a large and respectful number of Inhabitants
(lately returned from a seven years' exile) at Mr. Cape's Tavern

Public Papers op George Clinton. 29S
Broad-Way, on Tuesday evening the 18th of November, the fol
lowing Resolutions were unanimously agreed to.
Resolved, That every person whatever his political character
may be, who hath remained in this city during the late contest,
be requested to leave the room forthwith.
Resolved, That we will each and every one, to the utmost of our
power, prevent any confusion that may ari'Se, on and after the
day when this city shall be evacuated by the troops of his Britan
nic Majesty, agreeable to the proclamation of his Excellemcy
Governor Climtom.
Resolved, That person's who have remained, or returned within
the British lines, during the late contest, will not, on any pretence
whatever, be admitted into any future meeting of this body.
Resolved, That the following persons, thirteen in number, viz ^
Colonels Henry Bicker, Frederick Weissenfels; Captains Elihu
Marshall, Prentice Bowen, Jeremiah Wool ; Messieurs John Wood
ward, William Gilbert, Francis Van Dyck, Ephraim Brasher,
Oourant V. Ham, Thomias Le Foy, John Wylley, and Thomas
Campbell, be a Committee to meet tomorrow evening, at Mr. Sim
mons' Tavern, seven o'clock ; that their business be to form a Badge
of distinction to be worn on the day of evacuation — ^appoint the
place of meeting, previous thereto, and agree as to the manner in
which this body shall receive his Excellency the Governor on that
date. \
Resolved, That the Committee do lay before the meeting, to be
held at this place, next Thursday evening, a report of their pro
ceedings. Resolved, That Mr. Loudon be requested to publisk +he resolves
of this meeting in his next Thursday's paper.

296 Public Papers of George Clinton.
Preparations to Receive Washington.
At a Meeting, held on Thursday Evening the 20th Instant, at
Mr. Cape's the following Resolutions were unanimously entered
into: I. Resolved, That the Badge of Distinction, to be worn at the
reception of the Governor, on his eu'tramce in this City, be a Union
Cockade, of black and white ribbau'd, worn on the left breast, and
a Laurel in the Hat.
II. Resolved, That the place of Meeting, be at the Bull's Head
Tavern, now kept by Mrs. Verian, on Saturday next, at nine
o'clock A.M.
III. Resolved, That if it appears eligible. His Excellemcy
Governor Clinton, and His 'Excellency General Washington
(should he accompany the Governor) shall be received by the
Citizens drawn up in the form of a Square, and im that manner
conducted to his Quarters.
IV. Resolved, That the Field and other officers, who now serve,
or heretofore have served, in the Continental Army, be requested
to form themselves on the Flanks of the Square, in the conducting
his Excellency.
V. Resolved, That Mr. Samuel Broome, Mr. Henry A. Remsen,
Captains Jeremiah Wool, Thomas Randall, Patrick Dennis,
Messrs. Francis Van Dyck, Henry Kipp, William Gilbert, sen.
Peter JByvanck, Ephraim Brasher, W^illiam Gilbert, jun. Thomas
Tucker, and George Janeway, Thirteen in Number, be a Com
mittee for the purpose of conducting the Procession.
VI. Resolved, That the Committee do meet To-Morrow, Eleven
o'clock A.M. at the Coffee House; and that Capt. Randall and
Capt. Dennis notify the Members thereof.

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Public Papers op George CIiInton. 297
VII. Resolved, That if the whole of the Committee should not
be preseu't, the attending Members be authorized to appoint
others in their place. •
VIII. Resolved, That Mr. James McKinney be requested to
furnish the Laurels, and deposit them at the BuU's-Head.
IX. Resolved, That Mr. Daniel Green be requested to carry the
Colours of the United States on the occasion.
Americans Unfurl the Colors in Spite of a Greased Flag Pole.
Extract of a letter from New York, dated November 26 :
" Yesterday gave us our city. To the honor of Britain, let it
be published in every newspaper, that to add to their name,
(which has already been branded with every kind of infamy)
they cut away the halyards from the flag staff in the fort, (for
merly fort George) and likewise greased the post : so that we were
obliged to have a ladder to fix a new rope. Invention prevented
any delay; for the glorious stripes were fixed im the sod, and a
discharge of thirteen fired. The city has been remarkably quiet.
A few days will, I hope, produce a little scrutiny, when: Tories
take care."

Order of the Procession, November 25, 1783.
New York, Nov. 24, 1783.
The Committee appointed to conduct the Order of receiving
their Excellencies Governor Clinton and General Washington,
Beg Leave to inform their Fellow-Citizens, that the Troops,
under the Command of Major-General Knox, will take Possession
of the City at the Hour agreed on, on Tuesday next; as soon as
this may be performed, he will request the Citizens who may be
assembled on Horseback, at the Bowling-Green, the lower End
of the Broad- Way, to accompany him to meet their Excellencies

298 Public Papers of George Clinton.
Governor Clinton and General Washington, at the Bull's Head, in
the Bowery — the Citizens on Foot to assemble at or near the Tea-
water-Pump at Fresh-water.
A party of Horse will precede their Excellencies aiid be on
their flanks. — After the General and Governor, will follow the
Lieutenant-Governor and Members of the Council for the tem
porary Government of the Southern Parts of the State — The Gen
tlemen on Horse-back, eight in Front — those on Foot, in the Rear
of the Horse, in like Manner. Their Excellencies, after passing
down Queen-Street, and the Line of Troops up the Broad-way, will
a-light at Cape's Tavern.
The Committee hope to see their Fellow-Citizens, conduct them
selves with Decency and Decorum on this joyful Occasion.
Citizens Take Care ! ! !
The Inhabitants are hereby informed, that Permission has been
obtained from the Commandant to form themselves in patroles
this night, and that every order requisite will be given to the
guards, as well to aid and assist, as to give protection to the
patroles": And that the countersign will be given to Thomas
Tucker, No. 51, Water Street ; from whom it can be obtained, if
neceesary.

How the Americans Took Possession op the City.
New York, November 26. Yesterday in the Morning the Amer
ican Troops marched from Haerlem, to the Bowery Lame. They
remained there until about One o'Clock, when the British Troops
left the Posts in the Bowery, and the American troops marched
into, and took Possession of the City, in the following Order, viz :
1. A Corps of Dragoons.
2. Advanced Guard of Light Infantry.
3. A Corps of Artillery

Public Papers op George Clinton. 299
4. Battalion of Light Infantry.
5. Battaliom of Massachusetts Troops.
6. Rear Guard.
After the Troops had takem Possession of the City, the Gemeral
and Govermor made their Public Entry in the following Manner:
1. Their Excellencies the General and Governor, with their
Suites, on Horseback.
2. The Lieutenant-Governor, and the Members of the Council,
for the temporary Government of the Southern District, four
a-breast. 3. Major General Knox, and the Officers of the Army, eight
a-breast. 4. Citizens on Horseback, eight a-breast.
5. The Speaker of the Assembly and Citizens, on Foot, eight
abreast. Their Excellencies the Governor and Commander in Chief, were
escorted by a Body of West Chester Light Horse, under the
commamd of Captain Delavan.
The Procession proceeded down Queen street, and through the
Broadway, to Cape's Tavern.
The Governor's Dinner at Fraunce's Tavern^
The Governor gave a Public Dinner at Fraunce's Tavern, at
which the Commander in Chief amd other Gemeral Officers were
presemt. After Dinner, the following Toasts were drank by the Com
pany :
1. The United States of America.
2. His most Christian Majesty.
3. The United Netherlands.
4. The King of Sweden,

300 Public Papers op George Clinton.
5. The American Army.
6. The Fleet and Armies of France, which have served im
America. 7. The Memory of those Heroes, who have fallem for our
Freedom. 8. May our Country be grateful to her Military Children.
9. May Justice support what Courage has gained.
10. The Vindicators of the Rights of Mankind in every Quarter
of the Globe.
11. May America be an Asylum to the persecuted of the Earth.
12. May a close union of the States guard the Temple they have
erected to Liberty.
13. May the Remembrance of This Day be a Lesson to Princes.
The arrangement and whole conduct of this march, with the
tranquility which succeeded it, through the day and night, was
admirable ! and the grateful citizens will ever feel the most affec
tionate impressions, from that elegant and efficient disposition
which prevailed through the whole event.

ADDRESS TO GENERAL WASHINGTON.
To his Excellency, George Washington, Esquire, General and
Commander in Chief of the Armies of the United States of
America. The Address of the Citizens of New York, who have return'd
from Exile, in behalf of themselves and their Suffering Brethren.
Sir : At a moment when the arm of Tyranny is Yielding up its
fondest usurpations; we hope the Salutations of long suffering
Exiles, but now happy Freemen, will not be deemed an unworthy
tribute. — In this place, and at this moment of exultation and
triumph, while the Ensigns of Slavery still linger in our Sight,
we look up to you, our deliverer, with unusual transports of

Public Papers op George Clinton. 301
Gratitude and Joy. — Permit us to Welcome you to this City, long
torn from us by the hard hand of Oppression, but now, by your
Wisdom and energy, under the guidance of Providence, once more
the seat of Peace and freedom ; we forbear to speak our gratitude
or your Praise. We should but echo the voice of Applauding
Millions. But the Citizens of New York are eminently indebted
to your virtues and we who have now the honour to address
your Excellency, have been often companions of your Sufferings,
and witnesses of your exertions. Permit us, therefore, to
approach your Excellency with the dignity and Sincerity of free
men, and to Assure you, that we shall preserve with our latest
breath, our Gratitude for your Services, and Veneration for your
Character; and accept of our Sincere and earnest Wishes that
you may long enjoy that calm domestic felicity which you have
so generously siacrifled; that the Cries of Injured Liberty may
never more interrupt your repose, and that your hapiness may be
eaqual to your Virtues.
Signed at request of the Meeting —
Thomas Randall Wm : Gilberi , Senr :
Danl: Phoenix Wm. Gilbert, Junr:
Saml : Broome Francis Van Dyck
Thos : Tucker Jeremiah Wool
Henry Kipp Geo: Janeway
Pat. Dennis Abram: P. Lott
Ephraim Brashier.
Reply of. General Washington.
New York Novr : 26h : 1783.
The General's Reply:
To the Citizens of New York who have returned from Exile.
Gentlemen :
I thank You sincerely for your affectionate Address, and

302 Public Papers of George Clinton.
entreat You to be persuaded that Nothing could be more agreeable
to me than your polite Congratulations. Permit me, in Turn, to
felicitate l''ou on the happy Repossession of your City.
Great as your Joy must be on this pleasing Occasion, it can
scarcely exceed that which I feel, at seeing You, Gentlemen, who
from the noblest Motives have suffered a voluntary Exile of many
Years, return again in Peace & Triumph to enjoy the Fruits of
your virtuous Conduct.
The Fortitude and Perseverance which You and your Suffering
Brethren have exhibited in the Course of the War, have not only
endeared Y'ou to your Countrymen, but will be remembered with
admiration and Applause to the latest Posterity.
May the Tranquility of your City be perpetual. — May the Ruins
soon be repaired, Commerce flourish. Science be fostered ; And all
the civil and social Virtues be cherished, in the same illustrious
Manuel' which formerly reflected so much Credit on the Inhabit
ants of New York. In fine, may every Species of Felicity attend
You Gentlemen & your worthy fellow Citizens. Go. Washington.

Address op the Firemen of New York to Governor Clinton.
The Firemen's Address to His Excellency, George Clinton, Esq.,
Governor of the State of New York in America.
May it Please Your Excellency : As the Change of Government
has now taken place on the Arrival of your Excellency in this
City — We the Fire Engineers of the several Fire Engines, and
Companies belonging to the same, beg leave to lay before your
Excellency, the State and Condition of the Fire Engines &c as
also of the several Companies and Number of Men now belonging
to the same.
We further beg leave to represent to your Excellency, That the
Fire Engines with the other emplements belonging, were before

Public Papers of George Clinton. 303
the late Fire all in good Condition and the Companies under good
Order and Regulations : And as there are at present a number of
Fire Buckets wanting, and also some necessary to be done
(Occasioned by the late Fire) to the several apparatus belonging
to the Engines, which require immediate dispatch, not knowing
how soon they may be wanted — we think it Our duty, and there
fore take this early Opportunity to represent this matter to your
Excellency, as the safety and preservation of this Metropolis at
Times depend greatly in keeping the Engines in good Order.
We now beg leave to inform your Excellency that we held a
commission Jointly and Severally, under the late Governor
Robertson, and are happy to say we always gain'd applause from
the Citizens for Our good Conduct in the Alarming time of Fire in
this City — Should it please your Excellency to Continue us in this
office under your Administration we will always Act with such
Conduct, as we make no Doubt will, when Called upon in Time
of Fire gain the applause of your Excellency, as well as in the
late Fire we have of the Citizens.
We Remain with Great Respect Your Excellency's Most Obed :
Most Humble Servts., John Balthaser Dash
George Stanton
Francis Dominick
Jeronemus Alstyne
New York 27th November 1783.
A List of the Names of the Foremen and Common men belong
ing to the Several Fire Engines, with the Numbers of the same :
Engine — No 1. Jacob Boelin,
2. John Burt Lyng
3. John C. Puntzius
4. John Post

Men.

iremau

12.

do

12.

do

16.

do

13.

804

Public Papers op George Clinton,.

Men.

Engine — No 5. Daniel Ten Eyck

Foreman

22.

6. Nicholas Carmer

do

21.

7. Ahasures Turk

do

24.

8. Henry Riker

do

23.

9. Charles Doughty

do

• 16.

10. Isaac Meade

do

22.

11. Christopher Henniger

do

16.

12. John B. Dash, Junr.

do

12.

13. Richard Deane

do

12.

14. Benjamin Birdsall

do

10.

Men belonging to Ladders and hooks

No. 1. Daniel Cottong
Foreman
12.
2. William Wright
do
10.
253
FRAUNCES TAVERN.
Fraunces* Tavern, Was'hington's quarters, on the evacuation
of the city, by the British troops, 25th of November 1783, stands
on the corner of Broad and Pearl streets. New York City. This
old mansion, around which, some of the most interesting rem
iniscences of our Revolutionary history are connected, still
remains, although somewhat altered from its original appear
ance. It was erected about 120 or 130 years ago, by the
Delancey family, then one of the most distinguished and opulent
in New York, and was considered equal in size and architectural
display, to any at that period, in the city.
As a tavern, it was the most noted in New York, and Was the
resort of the bloods of that day, who formed themselves into
social clubs, and among whom were some of the most active and
distinguished men of the Revolution. Samuel Fraunces, or as he
¦• This is the manner in which Sam. Fraunces signed his name, and it is thus recorded by
him in the Deed of Conveyance in 1785.
Public Papers of George Clinton. 305
was familiarly called, " Black Sam," (in consequence of his
swarthy complexion,) was of French extraction, and appears to
have been a prince of a publican. He purchased the house in
1762, from Oliver Delancey, for £2,000 provincial currency, but
did not open it as a public house, until some time afterward.
The first notice of " Sam," that we have been able to discover,
is an advertisement in Parker's Post Boy, February 5th, 1761, by
which it appears that he not only acted as landlord, but had done
considerable business as a dealer in different kinds of preserves.
Here is the advertisement : " To be sold at a very reasonable rate,
by Samuel Francis, at the sign of the Masons' Arms, near the
Green, New York, a small quantity of portable soup, catchup,
bottled gooseberries, pickled walnuts pickled or fryed oisters, fit
to go to the West Indies, pickled mushrooms, a large assortment
of sweetmeats, such as currant jelly, marmalase, quinces, grapes,
strawberries, and sundry other sorts."
The Masons'. Arms, was very popular, under the management of
" Sam," as a Mead and Tea Garden, places much frequented by
both sexes, on pleasant afternoons. On purchasing the Broad
street house, Sam sold out this, and it is thus announced in the
same paper : " May 13, 1762 John Jones — Begs leave to acquaint
the publick. That he has removed to the house formerly kept by
Samuel Francis, at the sign of the Masons' Arms, next to Mr.
Degrusia, in the Fields, where he intends to give the same enter
tainment as formerly given by Mr. Francis, and that in the best
manner. Those gentlemen and ladies that please to favour him
with their company, may depend on the best usage, from their
humble servant, John Jones."
Fraunces then opened the Vauxhall Gardens, which formerly
stood in Greenwich street, near the site occupied at present, by
20

306 Public Papers op George Clinton.
Stuart's Sugar Refinery— but which he again resold in 1771, and
opened the much more celebrated tavern in Broad Street.
During the troubles which preceded the Revolution, Fraunces'
Tavern seems to have been the resort of both Whig and Loyalist,
political affairs not having sufficient power to sever the social
ties of those whose custom it was to assemble there and discuss
his Maderia, a wine, the excellent quality of which, " Sam's "
cellar stood proverbial. It must not be presumed that " Sam "
was an idle spectator, of the events then passing around him ; his
sympathies were with the Whigs, and he became one of Washing
ton's most faithful friends and followers. It was through the
instrumentality of his daughter, that the attempt to poison Wash
ington was frustrated, she being at that time housekeeper at
Richmond Hill, Washington's quarters. This house was one of
those which suffered some injury from the broadside of the Asia,
when she fired upon the city.
Freneau, in one of his poems, thus speaks of it :
" Scarce a broadside was ended 'till another began again " —
By Jove ! it was nothing but Fire away Flarmagan !
Some thought him saluting his Sally's and Nancy's
'Till he drove a round shot thro' the roof of Sam Francis."
In May 1904 this venerable structure passed into the hands of
the Sons of the Revolution of New York.

WASHINGTON'S FAREWELL TO HIS OFFICERS
At Fraunces' Tavern, New York 4th December 1783.
Last Thursday noon the principal officers of the army in town
assembled at Fraunces' tavern to take a final leave of their illus
trious, gracious and much loved commander. General Waishing
ton. The passions of human nature were never more tenderly

Public Papers op George Clinton. 307
agitated, than in this interesting and distressful scene. His ex
cellency having filled a glass of wine, thus addressed his brave
fellow-soldiers :
" With an heart full of love and gratitude I now take leave of
you : I most devoutly wish that your latter days may be as pros
perous and happy as your former ones have been glorious and
honorable." These words produced extreme sensibility on both sides; they
were answered by warm expressions, and fervent wishes, from the
gentlemen of the army, whose truly pathetic feelings it is not in
our power to convey to the reader. Soon after this scene was
closed, his excellency the Governor, the honorable the Council and
citizens of the first distinction waited on the general and in terms
most affectionate, took their leave.
The corps of light infantry was drawn up in a line, the com
mander in chief, about two o'clock passed through them on his
way to Whitehall, where he embarked in his barge for Powles
Hook. He is attended by general le baron de Steuben ; proposes
to make a short stay at Philadelphia; will thence proceed to
Annapolis, where he will resign his Commission as General of the
American armies, into the hands of the Continental Congress,
from whom it was derived, immediately after which His Excel
lency will set out for his seat, named Mount Vernon, in Virginia,
emulating the example of his model, the virtuous Roman general,
who, victorious, left the tented field, covered with honors, and
withdrew from public life, otium cum dignitate. — Rivington's
New York Gazette, Dec. 6, and Pennsylvania Packet, Dec. 12,
1783. _
On Thursday noon the principal officers of the army assembled
at Fraunces (alias Black Sam's) tavern to take a final leave of

308 Public Papers of George Clinton.
their much-loved commander in chief. After a while gen. Wash
ington came in, and calling for a glass of wine thus addressed
them : " With an heart full of love and gratitude I now take
leave of you. I most devoutly wish that your latter days may
be as prosperous and happy as your former ones have been
glorious and honorable." Having drank he said : " I cannot come
to each of you to take my leave; but shall be obliged to- you if
each will come and take me by the hand." General Knox being
nearest turned to him; Washington with tears rolling down his
cheeks, grasped Knox's hand and then kissed him : he did the
same by every succeeding officer, and by some other gentlemen
who were present. The passions of human nature were never
more tenderly agitated, than in this interesting and distressful
scene. The whole company were in tears. When Washington
left the room, and passed through the corps of light infantry
about two o'clock on his way to Whitehall the others followed,
walking in a solemn, mute and mournful procession, with heads
hanging down and dejected countenances, till he embarked in his
barge for Powle's Hook. When he had entered, he turned, took
off his hat, and with that bid them a silent adieu. They paid
him the same affectionate compliment, and the barge pushing off,
returned from Whitehall in like manner as they had advanced. —
Gordon's History of the American Revolution, IV., 383.
The independence of his country being established, he looked
forward with anxiety to its Juture destinies. These might greatly
depend on the systems to be adopted on the return of peace; and
to those systems, much of his attention was directed. Among the
various interesting subjects which at this period claimed the con
sideration of congress, was the future peace establishment of the
United States. As the experience of general Washington would

Public Papers op George Clinton. 309
certainly enable him to suggest many useful ideas on this import
ant point, his opinions respecting it were requested by the com
mittee to whom it was referred. His letter on this occasion,
which it is presumed was deposited in the archives of 'State, will
long deserve the attention of those to whom the interests of the
United States may be confided. On a well regulated and disci
plined militia during peace, his strongest hopes of securing the
future tranquility, dignity, and respectability of his country were
placed; and his sentiments on this subject are entitled to the
more regard, as a long course of severe experience had enabled
him to mark the total incompetency of the existing 'system to the
great purposes of national defence.
At length, on the 25th of November, the British troops evacu
ated New York, and a detachment from the American army took
possession of that town.
The guards being posted for the security of the citizens, general
Washington accompanied by governor Clinton, and attended by
many civil and military officers, and a large number of respect
able inhabitants on horseback, made his public entry into the
city ; where he was received with every mark of respect and atten
tion. His military course was now on the point of terminating;
and previous to divesting himself of the supreme command, he
was 'about to bid adieu to his comrades in arms.
This affecting interview took place on the 4th of December.
At noon, the principal Officers of the army assembled at Frances'
[Fraunces] tavern; soon after which, their beloved commander
entered the room. His em'otions were t'OO strong to be concealed.
Filling a glass, he turned to them and said, " with a heart full of
love and gratitude, 1 now take leave of you ; I most devoutly wish

310 Public Papers of George Clinton.
that your latter days may be as prosperous and happy, ajs your
former ones have been glorious amd homourable."
Havimg drumk, he added, " I canmot come to each of you to
take my leave, but shall be obliged to you, if each of you will come
and take me by the hand."
General Knox, being nearest, turned to him. Incapable of
utterance, Washington grasped his hand, and embraced him. In
the same affectionate manner, he took leave of each succeeding
officer. In every eye was the tear of dignified sensibility ; and not
a word was articulated to interrupt the majestic silence and the
tenderness of the scene. Leaving the room, he passed through
the corps of light infantry, and walked to White hall, where a
barge waited to convey him to Powles' hook. The whole com
pany folloTVed in mute and solemn procession, with dejected
countenances, testifying feelings of delicious melancholy, which
no language can describe.
• » • * *
Congress was then in session at Annapolis in Maryland, to
which place general Washington repaired for the purpose of
resigning into their hands the authority with which they had
invested him. He arrived on the 19th of December. The next
day he informed that body of his intention to ask leave to resign
the commission he had the honour of holding in their service,
amd requested to know, whether it would be their pleasure that
he should offer his resigmation in writing, or at an audience.
To give the more dignity to the act, they determined that it
should be offered at a public audience on the following Tuesday,
at twelve o'clock.*
When the hour arrived for performing a ceremony so well cal
culated to recall to the mind the various interesting scenes which
•The 23d of December.

Public Papers of George Clinton. 311
had passed since the commission now to be returned was granted,
the gallery was crowded with spectators; and many respectable
persons, among whom were the legislative and executive char
acters of the state, several general officers, and the consul general
of France, were admitted on the fioor of congress.
The representatives of the sovereignty of the union remained
seated and covered. The spectators were standing and uncov
ered. The general was introduced by the secretary, and con
ducted to a chair. After a decent interval, silence was com
manded, and a short pause ensued. The president* then informed
him, that "The United States in congress assembled were pre
pared to receive his communications." With a native dignity
improved by the solemnity of the occasion, the general rose and
delivered the following address.
" Mr. President,
" The great events on which my r^ignation depended, having
at length taken place, I have now the honour of offering my sin
cere congratulations to congress, and of presenting myself before
them, to surrender into their hands the trust committed to me,
and to claim the indulgence of retiring from the service of my
country. "Happy in the confirmation of our independence and sov
ereignty, and pleased with the opportunity afforded the United
States, of becoming a respectable nation, I resign with satisfac
tion the appointment I accepted with diffidence; a diffidence in
ray abilities to accomplish so arduous a task, which, however,
was superseded by a confidence in the rectitude of our cause, the
support of the supreme power of the union, and the patronage of
heaven. •General MlfQln.

312 Public Papers of George Clinton,
" The successful termination of the war has verified the most
sanguine expectations; and my gratitude for the interposition of
Providence, and the assistance I have received from my country
men, increases with every review of the momentous contest.
" While I repeat my obligations to the army in general, I should
do injustice to my own feelings not to acknowledge in this place,
the peculiar services and distinguished merits of the gentlemen
who have been -attached to my person during the war. It was
impossible the choice of confidential officers to compose my family
should have been more fortunate. Permit me, sir, to recommend
in particular, those who have continued in the service to the
present moment, as worthy of the favourable notice and patron
age of congress.
" I consider it as an imdispemsable duty to close this last act
of my official life, by commemding the interests of our dearest
country, to the protection of Almighty God, and those who have
the superintemdemce of them to his holy keepimg.
" Havimg now finished the work assigned me, I retire from the
great theatre of action, and bidding an affectionate farewell to
this august body, under whose orders I have so long acted, I here
offer my commission, and take my leave of all the employments of
public life."
After advancing to the chair, and delivering his commission to
the president, he returned to his place, and received standing, the
following answer of congress, which was delivered by the presi
dent : *
" Sir, " The United States in congress assembled, receive with emo
tions too affecting for utterance, the solemn resignation of the
• Gordon.

Public Papers op George Clinton. 313
authorities under which you have led their troops with success
through a perilous and doubtful war. Called upon by your coun
try to defend its invaded rights, you accepted the sacred charge,
before it had formed alliances, and whilst it was without funds
or a government to support you. You have conducted the great
military contest with wisdom and fortitude, invariably regarding
the rights of the civil power, through all disasters and changes.
You have by the love and confidence of your fellow citizens,
enabled them to display their martial genius, and transmit their
fame to posterity. You have persevered, until these United
States, aided by a magnanimous king and nation, have been
enabled, under a just Providence, to close the war in freedom,
safety, and independence; on which happy event, we sincerely join
you in congratulations.
" Having defended the standard of liberty in this new world :
having taught a lesson useful to those who inflict, and to those
who feel oppression, you retire from the great theatre of action,
with the blessings of your fellow citizens ; but the glory of your
virtues will not terminate with your military command; it will
continue to animate remotest ages.
" We feel with you our obligations to the army in general, and
will particularly charge ourselves with the interests of those
confidential officers, who have attended your person to this affect
ing moment.
" We join you in commending the interests of our dearest coun
try to the protection of Almighty God, beseeching him to dispose
the hearts and minds of its citizens, to improve the opportunity
afforded them of becoming a happy and respectable nation. And
for you, we address to him our earnest prayers, that a life so
beloved, may be fostered with all his care; that your days may

314 Public Papers op George Clinton.
be happy as they have been illustrious; and that he shall finally
give you that reward which this world cannot give."
This scene being closed, a scene rendered peculiarly interesting
by the personages who appeared in it, by the great events it
recalled to the memory, and by the singularity of the circum
stances under which it was displayed ; the American chief with
drew from the hall of congress, leaving the silent and admiring
spectators deeply impressed with those sentiments which its
solemnity and dignity were well calculated to inspire.
Having laid down his military character, general Washington
retired to Mount Vernon, to which place he was followed by the
enthusiastic love, esteem, and admiration of his countrymen.
Relieved from the agitations of a doubtful contest, and from the
toils of an exalted station, he returned with increased delight to
the duties and the enjoyments of a private citizen. In the shade
of retirement, under the protection of a free government, and the
benignant influence of mild and equal laws, he indulged the hope
of tasting that felicity which is the reward of a mind at peace
with itself, and conscious of its own purity. — ^Marshall's Life of
Washington. [No. 5265.]
Admiral Digby Requests Several Concessions from Governor
Clinton — The Governor Promises to Cooperate with the
Admiral. Amphion off New York, 25th Nov'r., 1783.
Sir, As I find many of the Houses in the Dock Yard that have
been reserved will not be wanted, I have given Directions that
they may be given up to your Excellency's Orders, but desire still
to reserve the use of the Dock Yard, and one Room^ as an Office.
The Brewery I find also will be of no use to us any longer,
I have therefore given directions that that shall be delivered up

Public Papers of George Clinton. 315
to your Excellency's Orders, and I have given Orders that all
the Buildings now remaining upon Governors Island shall be
left untouched whenever I am able to leave it.
I am. Sir, Your most obed't. humble Servt.
(signed) Robt. Digby.
His Excellency Governor Clinton.

Amphion off Staten Island
25th November, 1783.
Sir, As it will be necessary to leave several of the Transports
that want Repair and some that may not arrive till after I leave
this Port, I propose to order Captain Cochrane of La Sophie to
remain till they are fitted, and shall direct him to apply to your
Excellency in case he should want Assistance, which I am to
request your Excellency will give him.
I have the honor to be. Your Excellency's Very Obed't. humble
Servant (signed) Robt. Digby.

New York, 26th November, 1783
Sir, I do myself the honor of acknowledging the Receipt of
your letters of Yesterday and in answer thereto Your Excellency
may be assured of every Aid in my power which Captain Coch
rane may apply for in fitting out such Transports as may remain
after your Departure.
I have the Honor to be Your Excellency's most obed't. humble
Servant. (signed) Geo. Clinton
His Excellency Rear Admiral Digby.

316 Public Papers op George Clinton.
Amphion off Staten Island 25th November, 1783.
Sir, As there are some few Boats which I shall want untill I
leave this Port and which I shall not be able to send to Nova
Scotia as I intended, I am to request Your Excellency will give
leave for their being left under the care of some person the
Storekeeper will find out till next Summer.
I have the honor to be Your Excelency's Very Obed't. humble
Servant. (signed) Rob't. Digby.
His Excellency Gov'r Clinton.

[No. 5268.]
St. Jean de Creveweur to Governor Clinton, Announcing the
Establishment of a Line of French Mail Packets Between
L'Orient and New York. New York, 26th November, 1783
Sir, I have the Honor to inform your Excellency, that I am
charged by the Minister of the Marine Department in France, to
Say, That His Most Christian Majesty anxious to cement the
Bonds of Friendship between his Kingdom and The United States
of America, has been favorably pleased to Establish Five Packets
to sail between Port L'Orient and New York to carry the Mails
to and from each Country, that Commerce may have the fullest
Assistance ;
This Establishment was made so early after the Peace, in full
confidence That the Posts throughout the whole United States
would be so regularly and effectually conducted, that the subject
of both Nations may derive every possible advantage from this
most useful Establishment.
I have the honor to be with the most perfect Respect, your
Excellency's Most Obedient and Most Humble Servant.
St. Jean d© Creveweur.
His Excellency Governor Clinton.

Public Papers op George Clinton.

317

[No. 5286.]
Statement of the Troops of the Enemy, at the Time of the
Evacuation of New York.

Ist. Troops in fleet, saild 20th
Oct'r. officers of 3, Regts.
ye men of which are
drafted. 52 . 10 . 45 .

2d. Troops in ye fleet saild 3d
Novem'r.
10 Begts. British
8 do N. Levies
Anspaok & 1
Waldeckers i
with their Generals
Grant & Campbell.

5500 1500 700

3d. Troops in the Fleet now at
the Water's, place Nov'r 20th
2 Batt. 71 Regt. lOllO
SCom'ys. 33 do 200
2 do do 100
2 Batt. Hess 1000
2 Reg'ts. N. Levies Vizt
Delancey 1 .(«,(>
AUens ( ^"""
with Colo. CampbeU late a
prisoner as a Brigadier.
Artillery
These Actually saild on ye 27
in 45 Vessels of Various sizes
said to be 3500 Troops & not
as above ; they are said to be
for Carolina or Florida.

4th.

5th.

6th.

Troops on the Island of

Troops on Long Isl'd

1.

Troops on St. Island

New York

Granad'rs. & Light Infany.

37th Reg't. at Riohm'd. 250

2 Batt. Guards

i 800

near Jam'a.
2 Batt. Hessians

1000
1000

Barton's N. Levies 250

Hessians

1000

Ludlow's Reg't. (.
New Levies. )

250

Buskirk's do 250

New Corps Viz't

Part of 33d
200
Hessians 400
Simoo Emerick, 1
Morris B. & others >-
1000
2450
New Levies )
42d Reg't.
500
Waldeckers 200
2800
at Paulus Hook
2950
1350
ye 64th Reg't.
400
3200
ArtiUery 7700
3500
One com'y Artillery
11200
( 3200 N. York
7500 -^2950 Long Island
( 1350 staten Is
land
18700
[No. 5271.]
Governor Clinton to Colonels Willet and Lasher, Orders, With
Instructions, to Take Possession and Charge of All Forfeited
Houses and Lands in New York Till the Legislature Shall
Dispose of the Same.
By His Excellency George Clinton Esquire Governor of the State of New
York General and Commander in Chief of all the Militia and Admiral of
the Navy of the same
To-   Greeting
Whereas it is requisite that Measures should be taken for preventing Waste and
Destruction in and Intrusions on Lands and Tenements within the City and County
of New York and deemed forfeited to the People of this State until the Legislature
can be convened and make Provision respecting the same. And whereas, the public
Peace may be endangered by Contentions between persons who may attempt to take
possession of such Lands or Teuam'ts ; these are, therefore, to authorize You on
318 Public Papers of George -Clinton.
behalf of the People of this State forthwith, to enter on and have and take the
Possession Care and Custody of all Lands and Tenements within the City and
County of New York and deemed forfeited to the People of this State and You are
In the Execution of the Trust hereby reposed in You, to demean Yourself agreeable
to such Orders and Instructions, as You shall from time to time receive from Me
or other Person administring the Government of this State for the time being And
this shall be Your Warrant Given under my Hand.
Instructions to Marinus Willet & John Lasher,- Bsquire appointed by Warrant
from His Excellency the Governor to enter on and ha?ve and take the Possession
Care and Custody of Lands & Tenements within the City and County of New York
and deemed forfeited to the People of this State.
1 — ^You will not take Possession of any Lands or Tenements now held or possessed
by virtue of any bona fide Lease, Demise or Contract from any Person or Persons
made at any time before the British Garrison was withdrawn from the City.
2 — Whenever You have taken Possession of any Lands or Tenements you may permit
the same to be occupied by any Person or Persons who removed from this City on
the Invasion thereof in the Year 1776 and who shall appear to You to be destitute
of Habitations on the said Persons respectively, previously signing a Note or Memo
randum in Writing purporting that they respectively held the Lands and Tene
ments which they may respectively be permitted so to occupy as Tenants out Will
to You, or. sent other Person or Persons as may hereafter be ap/polnted for the
like purpose on behalf of the People of this and that they will respectively pay
such Rents for the same as shall thereafter be determined by the Legislature.
3 — You shall from time to time make return to Me of the Lands and Tenements
of which you shall take Possession and the names of the several persons whom
you shall permit to occupy the same and which Return shall also contain a Descrip
tion of all such lands and Tenaments as you shall deem forfeited to the People of
this State notwithstanding the same may be possessed and held by Virtue of sucli
Lease Demise or Contract as abovementioned together with the names of the
several Persons possessing the same and the Rents reserved in the same by virtue
of such Lease Demise or Contract. New York Nob'r 27th, 1783.

[No. 5307-a.]
Governor CUnton Asks Admiral Digby to Give Early Notice of
His Intention to Quit Governors Island.
New York, 27th November, 1783.
Sir, I have this day had the honor of receiving your Excel
lency's letter of the 25th Instant.
I have not the least objection to your leaving the Boats men
tioned in it in the care of some person in this City, and you may
be assured of his having the protection of Government in the
discharge of his Duty.
Another Letter from Your Excellency of equal date has also
been received, and I take this opportunity of thanking you for

The Peovost as it AppaAREo in 1783.

Public Papers op George Clinton. 319
the Information it contains, and shall be further obliged if I may
have such early notice of the time of your quitting Governor's
Island as that I may be enabled to take seasonable Measures for
the preservation of the buildings.
I have the honor to be With great Respect, Sir, Your Excel
lency's most obed't humble Servant (Signed) Geo. Clinton.
His Excellency Rear Admiral Digby.

The Admiral's Reply.
Amphion off Staten Island, 30th November, 1783.
Sir, I have ordered everything to be removed from Governor's
Island Tuesday or Wednesday next, and have directed the Officer
to acquaint your Excellency before the Guard is taken off.
I have the honor to be Your Excellency's Very obedient humble
Servant (Signed) Robt. Digby.
His Excellency George Climtom, &c. &c. &c.

Sir Gi.iy Carleton Promises to Withdraw the Troops from Long
Island and Staten Island by December Jfth.
Cues off Statem Island, 1st December, 1783.
Sir, Wind and weather permitting, I hope that the Embarka-
' tion of such of his Majesty's Troops as yet remain om Long Island
and Staten Island may be completed preparatory to our final
departure by the 4th Instant.
I am. Sir, Your Excellency's most Obed^t. amd most humble
Servt. (Signed) Guy Carleton.
Jlis Excellency Governor Clinton.

320 Public Papers op George Clinton.
[No. 5300.]
Captain Duncan, British Navy, Reports to Governor Clinton That
the Remaining British Troops Are Withdrawn from Governors
Island. Governors Island, Dec'r. 3d', 1783. 7 A. M.
Sir, Having received orders from Rear Admiral Digby to
withdraw the Guard together with the whole naval Hospital from
this Island, I beg to acquaint your Excellency, that at the hour
of Eleven A. M. this day, the Guard, together with the Naval
Hospital, will be withdrawn from the Island Lieutenant Graham
of the Navy only excepted, who will remain a certain time in
order to deliver up the Keys of the different buildings &ca to
whom you shall think proper to send and take charge of them.
I am also desired to inform your Excellency, that the only
property disposed of belongimg to Government on Governors
Island are the hulls of Two Brigantine's, hauld up on each side
of the Wharf formerly Occupied as Store hulks for naval pro
visions, and sold sometime ago by John Delasons, Esqr. Agent
Victualler, in consequen'ce of orders to him given by Rear
Admiral Digby to a Mr. Jos. Mercereau of Staten Island.
I shall do myself the honor to inclose for your Excellency's
better information a description list of the different buildings
regularly numbered with the Keys to the person you shall think
fit to take charge of them from Lieutenant Graham, who will have
the honor of delivering this and will Answer such questions
respecting the present state of the Island as your Excellency may
be desirous of knowing.
I have the honor to be Your Excellency's Most obed't. & Most
humble Servt. _ James Duncan,
Capt. in the Navy &ca.
To His Excellency Governor Clinton &ca, ^ca, &ca, State of New
York.

Public Papers of George Clinton. 321
[No. 5301-a.]
Captain Duncan Furnishes Governor CUnton With a List of
Buildings, etc., on Governors Island and Turns Over the Keys.
Centurion, off New York, Dec'r. 3d, 1783, 11 A. M.
Sir, Agreeable to my letter of this Morning's date, I do myself
the honor of inclosing your Excellency a description List of the
different buildings &ca. on Governors Island, and have order'd the
Keys to be label'd with numbers corresponding to the different
houses &ca.
I have the honor to be your Excellency's Most obed't. & most
humble Servt. James Duncan.
To His Excellency Governor Clinton, &ca. &ca. &ca. State of New
York.

A description op the BUILDINGS &C. ON GOVERNORS ISLAND.
Dec'r. 3d, 1783.
No. 1. The Wharf;
2. A Well 12 feet deep with pump &c ;
3. Captain's Kitchen ;
4. ditto Cellar;
B. A Bam for Cattle;
6. Gardner's House;
7. Hospital Kitchen;
8. do Well;
9. Captain's Well;
10. Guard House;
11. Convalescent's Hospital ;
12. Captain's Barrack;
13. Lieut. do ;
14. ditto Kitchen ;
15. Summer House.
21

322 Public Papers op George Clinton.
Admiral Digby Announces to Governor Clinton He is on the Point
of SaiUng.
Amphion, off Staten Island, 5th December, 1783
Sir, I have this moment received a Complaint, that one of the
Refugees going to Abaco has been taken out of the Vessel under
English Colours. As I am just on the point of sailing I have
desired Captain Cochrane to enquire into it, and represent it to
your Excellency and have no doubt should it be, as is represented
to me, you will order the Man to be returned to Captain Coch
rane. I have the honor to be. Your Excellency's most Obed't. Servant
(signed) Robt. Digby.
His Excellency Governor Clinton.

[No. 5321.]
Governor Clinton to Major General Knox Communicating a Reso
lution of Thanks from the Council for His Services in Seewring
the Peace of the City When Evacuated by the British.
Sir, It gives me great pleasure to find my sentiments of the
services rendered by you & the offers & men under your command
to the inhabitants of this State expressed by the Council & it is
with peculiar satisfaction that I obey their order in communicat-

Public Papers of George Clinton. 323
ing the Enclosed resolution to you & thro' you to the officers &
privates who are also the objects of it.
I have the honor to be. Sir, with the highest Esteem & Respect

RBSOLnTION OF THE COnNCIL APPOINTED UNDBB ACT OP MARCH 27, 1783, FOB
The Temporary Government op Southekn District.
Resolved, that his Excellency the Governor be requested to present the thanks of
this council to Maj. Gen. Knox & the officers & privates of the detachment under his
command for the attention they have manifested to the rights of the Citizens of this
state & for their aid in preserving the Peace and Good Order of the Southern Dis
trict since the evacuation thereof by the forces of his Britanic Majesty ; to assure
them of the grateful sense this Council entertain of their essential services, as all of
those that they as a part of the American army have rendered to the inhabitants of
this state in common with the other Citizens of America during the late long &
arduous contest..

[No. 5449.]
Joseph Brant on Behalf of the Six Nations, Desires to Renew the
Ancient Covenant and Proposes that the Council be Held at
Fort Schuyler.
A Meeting held at Loyal Village June the 6th 1784, by the
Chiefs and Warriors of the Six Nations &c Viz the Mohawks,
Oneidas, Onondagas, Cayugas, Senecas, Tuscaroras and Delawares
& in consequence of a message delivered in Council by Mr. Peter
Ryckman from the Governor and Commissioners* for the State of
New York dated the 12th of April 1784.
Attend Gov'r Clinton of New York.
You inform us that you are appointed a Commissioner to con
fer with us in order to accomodate the differences that have
unhappily arisen between us in the cours of the late war and that
this appointment has been made expressly, least others than those
whom we had always considered as our immediat brethren and
who now wish to renew the antient covenant which subsisted

•March 25, 1783 the Legislature authorized the Governor, by and with the advice
and consent of the Council of Appointment, to appoint three commissioners for
Indian affairs within this State. April 6, 1784 the Governor and the commissioners
already appointed, "together with such other persons as the Governor and commis
sioners shall deem expedient and necessary to associate with themselves" were
authorized to enter into compacts or agreements with any Indians residing within
this state. It was under authority of these laws that the Council at Loyal Village
was held.— STA.Tn Historian.

324 Public Papers op George Clinton.
between us. We clearly and fully understand the meaning of
what you have said which to us appears Just and reasonable ; you
likewise clear the path of communication between you and us and
as the Roads are now clear we can pass and repass without inter-
uption. We now do in the like manner Clear the path with a
firm resolution that it shall remain so that we may equally pass

A. String
Governor Clinton hearken :
You say that you have understood by General Schuyler that we
are inclined to renew the antient friendship which subsisted
between us and that our intentions are honest, generous and sin
cere, and that you were glad to hear it; that you wish that all
animosity should be buried in eternal oblivion. We the Six
Nations assure you that we are glad to hear that you are dis
posed to end, as it clearly appears to us by the Manner of Your
Speech, that a firm and perpetual peace can be established; our
intentions have been and are such We have communicated our
sentiments to General Schuyler on that subject that we meant to
bury in oblivion what is past and an honorable peace established
between us to be settled upon for the interest of both, and as we
have before said, that we comprehend the purport of your speech
we are convinced that this friendship will be renewed & settled
upon without difficulty, as it seems it would be difficult to settle
a peace with General Schuyler by the manner of his speeches.
You invite us to this end to meet you in Council at the German
Flatts, but you do not fix on a day for the meating as our dis
tance might Render it Inconvenient for to attend ; we look upon
this as a Verry reasonable remark of Yours. We the Chiefs &c

Public Papers of George Clinton. 325
are Sorry to Inform you that at the time we Received your
Message, we likewise received one from our Brethren the Southern
Indians, informing us that they were uneasy in mind that the
Virginians had Crossed the Ohio river and attended with bad con
sequences, which has Ocasioned us from immediately attending
the proposed meeting, and we Intend to dispatch with all speed.
Runners to prevent if possible any such accidents as Commonly
Follow, and on the Return of those Runners we Shall Immediately
dispatch one to you to Inform you of the time we Shall meet you,
as we are desirous that this salutary Business should be settled,
and we Expect that a few of the Southern Indians will also
attend this meeting as it will be Conformable to our Agrements
with them, as our intentions in Settling the peace will be strong
and as public as possible; we are desirous that you will Com
municate to Congress the Accounts which we have received from
our Brethren, as it may be in their power to prevent any such
accidents and let them know whatever passes between us and that
we Expect the meeting will soon take place and at the same time
wish to see proper persons from the different States present and
we Expect to make one peace with the whole.
A Large White Belt.
With this Belt we now Remove your Council fire to Fort Stan
wix as it will be more Convienient to us and don't think it Can
make Marterial difference with you we will be glad to hear
whether the Removal of the Council fire &c Meets with your
Approbation. A. Belt
Joseph Brant.

326 Public Papers of George Clinton.
[No. 5464.]
Major Phil. Skene to Governor CUnton Desires to Return to
Amierica and Become a Citizen of New York.
Chelsea, the 17th of July, 1784.
Sir, Lest my former Letters upon this subject may have mis
carried, I take this opportunity of acquainting Your Excellency
that relying upon the integrity of the Legislature of New York
and its national faith pledged for by the General Congress, insti
gated by the same preditection in favour of America, which has in
duced me to lay out so considerable a part of my Fortune formerly
there — and as my conduct however unpleasing on other Accounts
from the necessity of my situation, has I hope been approved of,
as an honest man by all — agreeable to which I purpose to avail
myself of my Claim to Your Excellency's & the protection of the
state, to obtain the priviledge of becoming a Faithfull Citizen
thereof, which my situation as a British subject will I hope admit
— and I am to request that you will be pleased to represent my
Situation to the Legislature in order that any difficulty's may be
removed respecting me — as I have purposely avoided laying my
self under further Tye, or obligation to this Country, having since
the Peace been in neither pay, or Employment.
I can assure your Excellency that if I am allowed that Privi
ledge, I am disposed to enter as heartily into the Interest of
America as a good subject can be wished for, and I beg leave to
refer to Hon'ble. Henry Laurence who is my Friend and no
stranger to my Sentiments long before Peace took place I have
the Honor to be with Great respect, Your Excellencys most
obedient humble Servant. Philip Skene.
His Excellency Governor Clinton, New York.

Public Papers of George Clinton. 327
[Nos. 5468-5469.]
The Contemplated Indian Council — Abraham Cuyler Forwards a
Letter from Joseph Brant to Governor CUnton — Sentiments of
James Duane on Indian Affairs. Albany, August 6th, 1784.
Sir, I have the Honor of Inclosing to your Excellency, a Letter
from Joseph Brandt, which I forward by Express, when the
Runner, Mentioned in the Inclosed, Arrives shall Immediately
Acquaint your Exc'y their with. Remain, your Excellencys Most
obedient Humble Servt. Abraham Cuyler.
To George Clinton.

Joseph Brant to Henry Glen.
Niagara, the 21 July, 1784.
Sir, In our Last, we Promised to Let You hear from us as soon
as our Messenger Returned from our Western Confederates who
are now Returned' — and tell us the Chiefs of the Different Nations
are on their way in order to accompany the six Nations to the
inteu'ded meeting at Fort Stanwix [Fort Schuyler] where we
Expect to Meet the Deputy from the Diff'n't states; we should
be glad You would acquaint Congress of this, that the whole of
the States May have time to send there Representatives to attend,
as we wish to settle Matters finally at this Council with all Con
cerned, at which time Proper Places May be fixed on for any
future Meetings. We Expect the Chiefs from the Westward im a
few Days on their Arrival. We shall immediately Despatch a
Runner to Let You Know the Exact time. We shall be at the
place appointed. We have for some time Expected to hear from
you Respecting what we mensioned to Mr. Ryckman about the

328 Public Papers op George Clinton.
Fire Place Being at Fort Stanwix. I am. Sir, yr. most obed.
Hum'bl. Servand Jos. Brant.
In behalf of the Confederates.
To Henry Glen, Esqr.

James Duane Expresses His Views on the Indian Question.
Great difficulty arises from the interference of the proposed
Treaty with the Authority & the views of Congress.
Five of the Six Tribes of Indians were at open War with the
United States. The general Treaty of Peace doth not mention
nor extend to them. Congress, therefore, on the 9th art. of the
Confed. claims the exclusive Right to make this peace'; And If
the Tribes are to be considered as independant nations, detached
from the State, and absolutely unconnected with it, the Claim of
Congress woud be uncontrovertable.
There is then an indispensable Necessity that these Tribes
should be treated as antient Dependants on this State, placed
under its protection, with all their territorial Rights, by their
own consent publickly mamifested in solemn amd repeated
Treaties. Of this there is sufficient evidence and particularly l>y
the Deeds of 1701 amd 1726 which tho' im the name of the King
were obtained at the Expence of the people of this State, and for
their Benefit. On this ground the Tribes in question may fall
under the character of Members of the State, with the Manage
ment of whom Congress have mo concern.*
But the Spirit of the Message from the Indians rendered ques
tionable whether they will submit to be treated as Dependants.

*Confed'n. 9th Art. 4th Clause. — J. D.

Public Papers op George Clinton. 329
•They assume a perfect Equality; and instead of Contrition for
their perfidious Behaviour, seem ever to consider themselves as the
Party courted and soUicited for Reconciliation and Favour.
This then will be a point to be managed with Skill and Deli
cacy, nor will any Care bestowd on it be misapplied for besides
the Respect which we owe to the Union, our own particular
Honor, Interest and Safety require that these Tribes shoud be
reconciled to the Idea of being Members of the State, dependant
upon its government and resting upon its Protection. If we
adopt the disgraceful system of pensioning, courting and flatter
ing them as great and mighty nations, we shall once more like the
Albanians be their Fools and Slaves, and this Revolution im my
Eyes will have lost more than half its' Value.
From these observations it will follow that the Stile, as well
as the substance, of the Communications on the part of Govern
ment are very material. And I may add that instead of con
forming to the ceremonies practiced in Negociations among the
Indians it woud be wise to bring them to adopt, gradually our
Forms.f 1st. Then If it will not be too great an innovation which I think
is not to be apprehended. It woud use neither Belts nor strings
in any Communication instead of it, all Messages or Communica
tions shoud be signed or sealed or both.
2nd. I woud never suffer the word nations, or Six Nations, or
Confederates or Council Fire at Onondaga, or any other Form
which woud revive or seem to confirm their former Ideas of Inde-
*The piece bears a strong appearance of a British Emissary in its manner and
Compaction. The Indians are used to be respectful in their address. This is
familiar and even Impertinent. — J. D.
fAt an Interview with some Southern Indians a Committee of Congress adopted
this Idea, & told the Indians it was not the usage of Congress to deliver strings or
Belts,— J. D,

330 Public Papers op George Clinton.
pendence to except. I would say nothing of making peace or bury
ing the Hatchet, for that woud be offensive to Congress, perhaps
very Justly. But I woud study to carry on the Intercourse (for
I object even against the Term Trea'ty, which seems to much to em
ploy Equality) with as much plainess and simplicity as possible —
and as if I was actually transacting Business with the Citizens.
This must, I am sensible, be repugnant to the opinions which will
be given at Albany ; but their management instead of humbling,
gave the Indians the superiority and made them their Tyrants;
and I have long & fatal Experience to convince me that they were
in a wrong course.
3dly. As to the substance of the speech it may be introduced by
observing that the Return of the Tribes into this state and the
eagerness of the Citizens to obtain settlements in the western
Countries led to apprehensions that mutual Resentm't. and ani
mosity inight bracke forth into Outrage and Hostelity ; disturb the
peace so lately established and render a Reconciliation altogether
impracticable. That these consid'n had indnced me to consent to
the present meeting. This might be followed by a Recapulation of
the kind and gracious manner in which they and their ancestors
had been treated by the Dutch and their descendants, & successors,
who never once deceived or betrayed or injured them, but always
fought for their protection and relievd their Wants and Distresses.
They should be told of the Friendship and Harmony which almost
uninterruptedly 'Subsisted between them & the Inhabitants of this
state for ages. They shoud be reminded of the kind and generous
advice given them at the Commencement of the late war — " to sit
still and smoke their pipes in peace in their own shades," that they
rejected this ad'vice and without any provocation burnt &
destroyed our villages & effects & slaughtered our Citizens; that we

Public Papers of George Clinton. 331
foretold to them the Consequences of such a Behaviour, " that the
hand of the United States coud reach the remotest comer of their
country, and ¦ that th^ would avenge the wrongs done to our
Citizens." That the Indians had felt the Truth of this Prediction
and been driven from their native Homes & suffered all the
Horrors of War. That they had seen their late Friends the
British who deluded them, conquered, and reduced to the Necessity
of making a peace and sealing the sovereignty and Independence of
the United States by a solemn Treaty.
That they the Indians now had their Eyes opened by their suffer
ings and misfortunes : and plainly saw that their tnie happiness
consisted not in the professions and fiatteries of strangers ; but in
the steady Kindness and Friendship of their own Countrymen,
bom in and inhabiting the same soil which they themselves in
herited. That much as we had been injured. Forgiveness was a
principle which we professed : that we were willing that they shoud
be restored once more in their native Land with their wives & their
Children & live in interrupted Tranquility that for this purpose
and to prevent future Animosity and Contention we woud estab
lish a Line between the settlements of the white people, and the
Lands to be reserved for the use of ye Ind'n brethren of our State
in such a manner as woud be for the advantage and comfort of
both parties; And we woud prevail on all our Citizens, even those
who had been most injured 'by the Ravages & murders perjietrated
by the Indians, to forgive what was past — provided the Imdiams on
their part woud be reasonable in their Claims, equitable in their
Concessioms and imoffensive in their future Deportment.
Sentiments like these may properly introduce the Business to
be negociated.
4thly. The Stile by which the Indians are to be addressed is of

332 Public Papers op George Clinton.
Moment also. They are used to be called Brethren, S'achems and
Warriors of the Six Nations. I hope it will never be repeated.
It is sufficient to make them sensible that they are spoken to:
without complementing 20 or 30 Mohawks as a nation and a few
more Tusceroroes & Onondagoes as distinct nations. It woud be
not less absurd than mischievous. They shoud rather be taught
that by separating from the Oneidas, and entering into a wicked
war, they had weakened and destroyed themselves and that the
publick opinion of their importance had long since ceased.

,[No. 5470.]
Governor Clinton to Arthnr Lee, Richard Butler & Oliver Wolcott,
U. S. Commissioners in Relation to the Frontier Posts and the
Coming Council with the Indians at Fort Schuyler.
Albany, August 13, 1784.
Gentlemen, Your letter of the 10th of this Month by Mr. Monree
has just been handed to me.
The recommendation of Congress to the State to raise from the
Militia a certain number of Troops for the purpose of Garrisoning
the frontier Posts and protecting the Treaties tO' be held with the
Indians did not reach me till some time in July. The Legislature
of the State who alone were competent to this business had then
dispersed after a session which from the peculiar circumstances of
the State had detained them from the fall untill late in the spring,
and it was not only my opinion but that of every Member of the
Legislature whom I had an opportunity of consulting — that it
would then be impracticable to convene them together ; nor indeed
did the urgency of the case seem to require that they should be
put to so great an inconvenience — for tho' they had assembled and
complied with the recommendation of Congre'ss — it would have

Public Papers of George Clinton. 333
been already too late in the season to have established the Garrison
in which the Troops were required ; and besides I had rece'd
information (in a manner which assured credit) & which congress
could not be apprized of at the time that altho' the Definitive
treaty was officially rece'd in Canada no Orders had come from
Europe for Evacuating the Posts — amd I have good reasons to be^
lieve that untill such orders are rece'd no measures will be taken
for that purpose. If, therefore, the Legislature were to raise a
permanent force as recommended' — they could not be applied to
the purpose proposed, & would only be a useless addition to Ex
pences which we are already but too little able or disposed to
discharge. I conceive myself however authorized to draw from the Militia
a force sufficient If any should be necessary, to protect the Com
missioners of Congress in negociation with the Indians and this
will in a great measure save the unnecessary expence attending a
present permanent foree.
The Indians of the Six nations whom I have requested to con
vene at Fort Schuyler, have advised me that they will be accom
panied by deputies from other nations possessing the territory
within the Jurisdiction of the United States. I shall have no
objection to your improving this incident to the advantage of the
United States, expecting however and positively stipulating that
no long agrement be entered into with Indians residing within
the Jurisdiction of this State, with whom only I mean to treat,
prejudicial to its rights. Those engagements being made on your
part, you may rely on every exertion in my power, and that of my
Colleagues, to promote the Interest of the United States which I
flatter myself, no state in the federal union has at any time more
chearfully & effectually supported than this.

334 Public Papers op George Clinton.
[No. 5471.]
Governor Clinton to Joseph Brant as to the Contemplated
Council at Fort Schuyler. Albany, 14th Augt., 1784.
Sir, Mr. Glen has delivered me your Letter of the 21st ult.
It was my Intention to have advised you, by the Runners who
should have announced that the Six Nations were on the way
down that I had agreed to hold the Treaty at Fort Schuyler agre
able to your wish.
In expectation that the Six Nations would have commenced
their Journey long before now, I came to this City about a month
ago, and shall remain here until I hear that you are On the way
down (which I wish may be as soon as possible) and immediately
thereupon I shall proceed to Port Schuyler. You will observe
by my Letter of the 12 April last, that the Board of Commission
ers in which I preside, were appointed on the part of this State
to adjust the subsisting differences between the Six Nations, their
immediate Brethren and the People of this state.
I have, however, agreable to your request informed the Com
missioners (appointed by Congress to represent this and the
other United States in a general Treaty with all Indians possess
ing the Territory not comprehended by any particular state)
that Deputies from other nations will accompany you to the
proposed Treaty, whether those gentlemen will attend or not, it
is not at present in my power to determine as I have not yet
received any answer from them.
It is however indispensibly necessary in order to prevent future
occasion of Discord, and to cement the friendship which formerly
subsisted between us, that the Treaty proposed on the part of

Public Papers op George Clinton. 335
this state should in the first instance be prosecuted without delay,
even if the commissioners from Congress should not attend.
I am your most obed. Servt. Geo. Clinton.

[No. 5472.]
Instructions to Peter Ryckman Who is Charged with a Letter to
Brant.
Sir, You are charged with a letter to Joseph Brant with which
you will proceed as speedily as possible to Niagara unless you
should meet with him at some intermediate places.
You will inform such of the Six Nations as you may meet with
in your way of Its contents, and If you should be in council with
any nation, you will observe as from yourself that the reason why
the communication is immediately made to Brant is because they
seem to have appointed him to be the principal negotiator in their
behalf. You will also hint as from yourself that It would be more
proper for the Six Nations to transact their business as hereto
fore when the Onondagas took the lead in their public affairs.
If you find that any Jealousy of, or envy to Brant privails, you
will try to discover who are most jealous or envious of him, and
promote it as much as you prudently can.
Yoii will frequently in conversation observe to the Indians,
that those entrusted to negotiate with them in the past of this
state, are well disposed to accommodate matters in principly of
mutual benefit to them and us, and that nothing ought to prevent
them from improving this favorable disposition without delay and
become again wordly connected with their entient brethren.

336 Public Papers of George Clinton.
[No. 5474.J
Governor Clinton to James Deane, Interpreter, as to the Coming
Meeting at Fort Stanwix. Albany, Aug. 14th, 1784.
Sir, Mr. Ryckman who is charged with a message to the Indians
will deliver you this Letter & will inform you that a Treaty is to
be held with the Six Nations at Fort Schuyler at an early
period — the exact time cannot yet be ascertained or you should
have been informed of it before this ; whenever it takes place we
shall expect to see you; and from the Zeal and attachment we
are persuaded you have for a state of which you have been so long
a Citizen we doubt not, you will lend every aid in your power
towards rendering our negotiations effectual.
In behalf of the Commissioners I am. Sir, Your very humble
Servt.
M. Jas Deane.

[No. 5475.]
Governor Clinton Invites Chancellor Livingston, on the Part of
the Commissioners, to Participate in the Council with the
Indians. Dear Sir, The Commissioners for Treating with the Indians
being vested with the power of associating with them such Gen
tlemen as they may think necessary to promote the object of this
commission, have at a meeting held this day taken the liberty of
including you among others. I take the earliest opportunity of
acquainting j'OU thercAvith, and must request that if you can pos
sibly make it convenient you would attend. We are not yet able
to ascertain the exact time when the treaty will be held, but I

The Blue Bell Tavern at 181st Street and Broadway (Albany Post BpadI.
New Yoek City.

The Provost, Afterwards the Hall of Records as it Appeared is its Later
Days.

Public Papers of Georgis Clinton. 337
inimagine that if you are here by the beginning of the week after
the next it will be in time.
Albany, Aug. 14, 1784.
Mr. Chancellor Livingston.

[No. 5477a.J
Copy of Message from Arthnr Lee & Richard Butler, United,
States Commissioners, to the Chiefs of the Six Nations that
They Will Meet Them at Fort Schuyler on the 20th prox.
Peter and other Oneida & Tuscarora Chiefs informed his Ex
cellency the Governor that they had received a letter from Arthur
Lee & Richard Butler which they were desireous he should see
but they had left it with their other Papers at Oneida; they,
therefore, preferred to send a Rummer for it which they accord
ingly did & it being produced to the Commissioners the following
Copy was taken from it.

The Message.
To the Sachems and Warriors &c of the Oneidas & Tuskaroras
Allies of the United States and Tribes of the Six Nations.
Brethren, The late trouble in which we have been mutually
involved being happily ended — Congress have thought proper to
appoint us Commissioners to transact all kind of public business
between the United States and our Brethren the Oneidas &
Tuskaroras and to settle a general Peace with all the Indian
Nations from the Ohio River to the Great Lakes.
We now inform you by the Hand of our Messenger & Brother
Samuel Kirkland, and Mr. James Deane, the Interpreter and
Servant of Congress that we are making every preperation and
exertion to expedite a meeting with you.
We have lately heard that you are called to a Treaty by the
22

338 Public Papers op George Clinton.
Governor of New York. We know nothing of his intentiom or
meaning, he not being authorised by Congress. Yet should you
be set out to attend that Treaty, it would be hard to give you the
fatigue of another Journey and although it was our intention the
Great Council Fire of Congress with the six Nations should be
held at Niagara, we will in order to accommodate you, meet you
at Fort Stanwix on the twentieth day of September next where
we expect you will certainly attend.
We are your friends and brothers : L. S. Arthur Lee.
L. S. Rich'd Butler.
Indorsed Message to the Oneidas & Tuskaroras August 18th, 1784 — New
York. I do certify the preceding to be a true Copy.
exd P. Mat : Visscher.

[No. 5478.]
Colonel James Monroe at Schenectady is Unable to Understand
Why the British Continue to Hold MiUtary Posts in New York
State. Schenectady, Augt. 19, 1784.
Dear Sir, Upon confering on my arrival here with Mr.
McFarlln, & others possessing the latest intelligence from the
posts in possession of the British, I found yr. Excellemcy's sug
gestions respecting the difficulty of passing them, entirely con
firmed. The officer at Oswego inform'd him that his orders from
the commamder im chief restraimed him from sufferimg any person,
even of their own army, to pass unless authoris'd by himself.
Umless I co'd pass further it wo'd be useless for me to go to
Oswego. Your Excellency will be so kind as [to] inform me

Public Papers of George Clinton. 339
whether you have rec'd any recent intelligence respecting this
matter. It is surprising to me that Genl. Haldimand hath not evacuated
these posts long since. Carlton acted under the provisional
treaty as conclusive, & I believe all the states in those points which
fell within their jurisdiction, in the stipulations of the treaty,
affix'd that as the Era at w'h it sho'd commence. Why then
Hal'dim'd sho'd still keep the posts within our bounds, & observe
in. restraint to us, the rigid discipline of war, is a measure w'h I
cannot conceive upon what principle will be justified, his being
an old veteran, averse to suffer order to relax, will be but a trifling
palliative, the delay of orders or the arrival of Carlton, may be
better accounted for, by a petition, I hear hath been presented
the ministry by some merchants, praying that the evacuation
might be deferr'd as long as possible, than from any other cause.
I shall probably stay here a few days till I hear further upon this
subject & shall be under obligations to yr. Excellency for any
information you may obtain. I have the honor to be With great
respect & esteem, yr. very humble servt. Jas. Monroe.*

[No. 5479.]
The United States Commissioners Suggest to Governor CUnton
that New York's Course at the Coming Indian Council Should
be Subordinate to the General Treaty. New York, August 19th, 1784.
Sir, The engagements of the Indians, to convene at Fort Stan
wix this month, and the advanced season of the year impose a

*JameB Monroe, subsequently President of the United States, left his home In
Virginia, 22 July, 1784, for an extended tour through the westward country.
August 9 he wrote to Thomas Jefferson from New York that he had changed his
route and would begin his trip from New York " up the North River, thence to the
Lakes, thro' the Lakes to Detroit & thence to the Ohio — ^from the Ohio home." —
State Historian.

340 Public Papers op George Clinton.
necessity upon us of meeting them th^-e, in order to conclude a
peace, in the name of the United States, with such of those
Nations as have been hostile. We have, therefore, sent a Mes
senger to announce this intention to the Indians.
As the particular nature of the business, your Excellency is to
transact with the Six Nations, on the part of this State, is not
known to us, we cannot form a proper judgment how far it is
compatible with the Commission we have the honor to bear from
the United States in Congress assembled. But we submit it to
your Excellency's determination, whether that business will not
be more properly transacted at the same time with, and in
subordination to the General Treaty.
Such conduct on the part of the State of Pensylvania has been
generally approved of, for its wisdom and consideral policy. It
is with a view that this State may have an opportunity of shew
ing the same respect for the consideration, and may avail itself
of the same advantages; that we have the honor of communicat
ing to your Excellency, our determination to meet the Indians of
the six Nations at Fort Stanwix on the 20th of September next.
We have the honor to be with the greatest esteem Yr. Excel
lency's most Obed't. Servants Arthur Lee
Rich'd Butler.
His Excellency the Governor of the State of New York.

[No. 5480.]
James Deane, Interpreter, Informs Lieutenant Colbreath That
Brant is Due the Following Day and Requests Two Gallons of
Rum.
Kanonwarehare, Aug't. 20th, 1784.
Sir, Two Messengers have just arrived. Express from Capt.
Brant; they bring a Letter for Mr. Glen which the Six Nations

Public Papers op George Clinton. 341
desire may be forwarded . immediately, as expeditiously as pos
sible. Brant will be here To morrow. Capt. Jacob Reed desires
you to send him Two Gallons of Rum from the public Store for
the Use of Brant & party. Capt. Jacob further desires you to
prevent the trader from selling Rum to the bearers of this,
whereby they may be detained, only wishes you to give the them
some provision & a small matter of rum for their refreshment.
I am. Sir, Your most Obed't. humble Servant James Deane.
Wm. Colbreth.

[No. 5482.]
Peter Ryckman to Henry Glen Anent Joseph Brant and the
Forthcoming Council.
Fort Schuyler, 23d Augt., 1784.
Sir, I met the runners of Capt. Brandt, on Fryday the 20th
Instant at Canasserago. I emediately opened the Letter they had
and found his procedings. I than persued to se if I could not
meate him at the Cayoga-Farre or the Seneca Country to Over
set his sceme. I than mat him the next day in the Morning in
Onindago. If I had met him at the Cayoga-Farre or the Seneca
Country I would have endavoured to Overset his sceme and the
whole of the Six Nations would have come down ; it seams that he
is now some thing uneasy about it. I left him this morning in
Onida with Twenty-four in Number and Expact him here to
Morrow as he did not chuse to stay thare.
I would have come down myself this Morning but thought best
to stay here untill Capt. Brandt has Rec'd an Answer from his
Letter from his Excellency or the Commissioners. Brandt
advised me to stay here untill he has Rec'd his Answer. He says

342 Public Papers of George Clinton.
that he has not rec'd, the Ans'r of the Speach he has sent down by
me to his Excal'y, and on that account he thought it Best to come
down with some of the Cheafs of the Six Nations to see how he
should Act. He also says that he thinks he would be able with
the Cheafs he has with him, to make Peace with this State, but
not with the United States, as he has no Order to that purpose.
He also says that he has his Runers ready and all the Six Nations
are all awaiting for the word to come down.
When I met Capt. Brandt, I perswaded vary hard upon him to
sand some of his Roners for to fech the whole of the Six nations
down here; he than told me that Purrain Nations could not come
down farther than Onindago, as that had been Always their Fyre
place, and they are now at Niagara. I than told him that his
Excalancy could not come up that leanth as he was not very
harty at present, and it seams that he has now give up the point.
He further Informs me that the Rave. Mr. Catlin has Informed
the Onida Indians that this State Intanded to settle the Onidas
More to the Westward ; he also Advised them not to give Over a
fut of thair Ground to this State; he was thare the 22d & 23d of
last June the Vary time I came from Niagara. The same Onida
which came with me in Company from the Cayoga-Farre to Onida
brought Capt. Brandt the News. And that is my Whole Opinion
that detains the whole of the Six Nations. I would be vary glad
if you could send me two or three had of Cattle to this place &
some Salt. I shall desire Mr. Coalbreath to give no provisions to
any of the Indians but to Capt. Brandt and his party. No More
at prasent but remain. Sir, Your Humb'l Sert. Peter Ryckman.
To Henry Glen, Esqr, Schenectady.

Public Papers op George Clinton. 343
[No. 5484.] •
Governor Clinton Informs Henry Glen That He and His
Associates Will Proceed Shortly to the Council Place.
Albany, 25th August, 1784.
Sir, In Consequence of the Letter from Capt. Brant and Mr.
Deane, which you forwarded, I have had a meeting with the Com
missioners and Associates in this City, the result of which is that
we will leave this On Friday afternoon for Schenectady, and the
next day proceed on our way to Fort Schuyler. Should you con
ceive it necessary to send Brant information of this, you will be
pleased to forward a Messenger for the purpose.
I expect that every thing will be prepared to leave Schenectady
Early on Saturday Morning. Four Waggons will be necessary to
convey the Gen't and their baggage from here, and you will from
thence be able to determine what additional number will be
wanted and which you will be pleased to provide.
I am. Sir, Your Most obt. Servt.
Henry Glen, Esqr. [No. 5483.]
Governor CUnton through Henry Glen Notifies Joseph Brant of a
Change in His Time of Proceeding to the Council.
Albany, 25th Augt., 1784.
Sir, Owing to some Circumstances which have occurred since
I wrote you this Morning, I have thought it adviseable to address
the enclosed Letter to Capt. Brant which when you have read you
will please to seal and forward without the least Delay as also
the inclosed Letter to Mr. Deane.
I am Sir Your Most Obedt. Servt.
G. 0.
Henry Glen Esqr.
*For reasons that will appear obvious in document 5483, the present Editor has
exchanged the places of documents 5483 and 5484. — Statu Histobian.

344 Public Papers op George Clinton.
Governor Clinton to Joseph Brant.
Albany, Augt. 25, 1784.
Sir, Your Letter to Mr. Henry Glen of the 21st Inst, was
received by me yesterday, and agreable to your request I now
inform you, that I shall set out from this place with the Com
missioners appointed on behalf of this State, to treat with the
six nations om the 27th Instant and immediately proceed to Fort
Schuyler where I hope to meet you, if the weather proofs favour
able, in five days thereafter at farthest.
The long time I have already beeni detained here on this busi
ness, makes me anxious to bring it to as speedy a Close as
possible; it shall, therefore, not meet with the least possible
delay on my part.
I am. Sir, Your most obed. Serv't.
To Cap'n Joseph Brant at Canajowarie.

Governor Clinton to James Dbanb.
Albany, 25 August, 1784.
Sir, (Mr. Deane)
Some days ago I took the Liberty to write you by Mr. Ryck
man, and to inform you that in Consajuence of a Letter from
Capt. Brant to Henry Glen, Esqr., signifying that Deputes
from the Six Nations were on their Way to the proposed Treaty
at Fort Schuyler, and of your Letter to Mr. Colbreadth of the
20th mentiomimg that they would be the mext day at Kamom-
waharie, I propose sitting out fro'm this for Fort Schuyler with
the Commissioners on the part of this State on Friday next,
so that in five days thereafter, (the weather proving favorable) I
hope to have the pleasure of seeing you at Fort Schuyler, the
long time I have been detained here on this business and the

Public Papers of George Clinton. 345
necessity 1 am under to be speedily in New York to meet the
Legislature, makes me anxious to bring it to as speedy a Close
as possible, and will prevent the least delay on my part for any
Considerations whatever.
I am. Sir, Your Most obt. Servt.
G. C.

[No. 5485.]
The Commissioners for Indian Affairs Discuss at Albany the
Approaching Council. Albany, 25th August, 1784.
At a Meeting of the Commissioners for Indian Affairs &c.
Present His Excellency Governor Clinton & Coll. Cuyler;
Genl. Schuyler;
Genl. Ten Broeck;
Judge Yates;
Ab. Yates ;
Peter W. Yates;
John Ja. Beeckman ;
Mat: Visscher.
His Excellency laid before the Board a Letter from Capt.
Joseph Brant of the 11 Inst and a Letter from James Deane of
the 20th, relative to the arrival of the Indians at the place ap
pointed to hold the Council,.
General Gansevoort and Col. Gerardus Lansing associated with
the Commissioners. '
Messrs Peter Ryckman and John J. Bleecker appointed Inter
preters. To take Evan's Map along, and such other Maps as respect the
Western Territory,

346 Public Papers op George Clinton.
The Law of 1780 Ceding certain grants of this Land to the
United States, with the cession made by the Delegate's Letter to
Henry Glen, Esqr dated this day forwarded.
The following Letter was drafted and agreed to & dispatched.*
Genl. Gansevoort & Mr. Gerardus Lansing were named & asso
ciated with the Commissioners.
General Schuyler, Judge Yates & Mr. Visscher appointed a Com
mittee to Draft a speech to the Indians on opening the Treaty
agreeable to the Instructions to the Commissioners &c. & report
the same at the next Meeting.
The Commissioners then adjourned to meet To morrow Even
ing at Six o'clock at the same Place.

[No. 5486.]
Henry Glen Notifies Governor Clinton that Arrangements for Pro
ceeding to Fort Schuyler Have Been Made and He Invites the
Governor to be His Guest at Schenectady.
Schenectady, 26th August, 1784.
Sir. Yours of last Evening with letters for Captain Brandt &
Mr. Dean Came Save. I have Early this Morning Dispatched
an Express to Fort Schuyler, with the two letters. But Since
the Express has Gone I Received by Chance opertunety, the
Inclosed letterf of Mr. Ryckman from Fort Schuyler. I have
made the necessary arangments for our Departer from Hence on
Saturday morning & the different stations Between this & Fort
Herkermer will be a war of our Coming. I have made out a
*See document 5484. page 343.
tSee document E482, page 341.

Public Papers of George Clinton. 347
rout for our Journey. I shall be happy If your Excellency will
take a Bed at my House to morrow night.
I am with due Regard, your Excellencies Most Obied. Humble
Ser't. Henry Glen.
To His Excellency George Clinton, Esqr. &c &c &c.

[No. 5487.]
Governor Clinton Requests James Deane to Meet Him at Fort
Schuyler. Fort Schuyler, 30th Augt., 1784.
Sir, I arrived at this Place this Evening and I shall be happy
to see you here Tomorow as early as you can make it convenient.
Capt. Brant would also wish to see you here as he is informed
that you are entrusted by the Commissioners of the United States
to make certain Communications to the Hostile Indian Nations,
which he Expresses a Desire of conversing with one to assist in
giving them Despatch.
I am. Sir, Your Most Obedt. Sert.
Mr. James Deane.

[No. 5488.]
James Deane Explains to Governor Clinton His Reasons for not
Arriving Sooner at Fort Schuyler.
Kanonwarehare, Angst. 30th, 1784.
Sir, I have had the Honor to receive Two Letters from Your
Excellency on the subject of the Indian Treaty, previous to the
One of this date. In Consequence of the first by Mr. Ryckman,
I made a journey to Fort Schuyler, on receiving Information
of Your Arrival at that place, which proved premature. On the

348 Public Papers of George Clinton.
Receipt of the other dated the 25th Inst. I immediately set out
from my Habation on the Wood-Creek to wait on Your Excel
lency, but was met on the way by Dispatches from the Commis
sioners of Congress, which prevent my having the Honor to at
tend you, & lay me under the necessity of seting out for the
Country of the Six Nations as expeditiously as possible. I have
communicated Capt. Brandts Letter to the Oneidas. In Answer
to which, they propose Capt. Brand's sending a Runner who may
over take me on the Road, & beg the proposal may be communi
cated thro' the Channel of your Excellency.
I am. Sir, with Sentiments of profound Respect Your Excel
lency's most obed't humble Servant, James Deane.
His Excellency George Clinton, Esqr.

[No. 5489.]
Jellis Fonda to Governor Clinton as to Rev. Mr. Kirkland Advis
ing the Oneidas Not to Exchange Any of Their Lands for Other
Lands. Fort Schuyler, 31st Agst., 1784.
Honored Sir, I Beleve I have found out the Rev't. Mr. Cortland's
[Kirkland] hurry and Buseness he is afther. It is for Put the
Oneida Indians & on there Gard, not for Exchange there Lands
to you nor no other Person, for any other Lands; this is all I
have Lerned as yet. I think this my Duty to inform you; and
will always if I here anything worth wile let you know.
I am. Sir, Your most obedient Humble Serv't. Jelles Fonda.
He has Sum thime ago Sent a message Capt. Joseph Brant,
Sumthing of the Same Purport as this.
J, F.

Public Papers op George Clinton. 349
[No. 5490.]
THE COUNCIL AT FORT SCHUYLER.
Minutes of the Proceedings between the Commissioners Repre
senting the State of New York and the Six Nations.
. At a Meeting of the Commissioners for Indian Affairsr— Fort
Schuyler, 31st August, 1784.
Present His Excellency Governor Clinton.
Abraham Cuyler "|
Henry Glen > Commissioners
Peter Schuyler ^
Judge Yates
Judge Ten Broeck
Mr. Ab. Yates Jun.
Mr. Peter W. Yates y Associates
Mr. Mat Visscher
Mr. Mayer
Genl. Gansevoort
His Excellency the Governor laid before the Commissioners D't
of a Letter wrote by him to Mr. James Deane of the 30th August,
and Mr. Deane's answer of the same.
Deputies only from the following Nations to wit the Mohawks,
Onondagoes, Cayugas and Senecas, attending & this being con
trary to the antient & usual Custom. The Commissioners took
into Consideration, the Propriety and manner of opening the
' Treaty, and, thereupon, it was Resolved, That an Introductory
speech be prepared, stating Generally the object of the present
Treaty, in order to extract from the said Deputies, the Powers
wherewith they are Invested, That the Commissioners may be
enabled to determine whether such Powers are adequate to the
present business.

350 Public Papers op George Clinton.
The Session of 1 September.
At a meeting of the Commissioners for Indian Affairs— Fort
Schuyler 1st Sept., 1784.
Present His Excellency Governor Clinton.
Abraham Cuyler,
Henry Glen, Esqrs. Commissioners
Peter Schuyler,
Judge Yates,
Judge Ten Broeck,
General Gansevoort,
Abraham Yates, Junr. Esqr. Wggociates
Peter W, Yates, Esqr.
John Ja. Beeckman, Esqr.
Mat : Visscher,
Judge Yates, Judge Ten Broeck, Ab. Yates, Jimr. Esqr., Peter
W. Yates & Mat : Visscher appointed a Committee to prepare the
Introductory speech.
Take in Resolution of yesterday to the Oneydas and Tuscaroras.
It being suggested to this Board that some uneasiness and
Jealousy prevails among the Onydas and Tuscaroras occasioned
by the private artifice of designing Persons whohave endeavoured
to persuade them into a Belief that this State have it in Contem
plation to deprive them of their Lands by Reason whereof this
Board apprehend that none of the Sachems or Chiefs of the said
Indians have as yet appeared to attend the present Treaty, There
fore, it is resolved, that Major P. Schuyler one of the Members of
this Board accompanied by Colo. Wemple & Major Frees be re-

Public Papers of George Clinton. 351
quested immediately to repair to the Oneyda Village & invite the
said Indians to attend the Intended Treaty to Morrow as early as
possible, and at the same time to assure them of the friendly
disposition & Attachment of this State towards them, as we con
sider them as our Friends and Brethren and whose Exertions with
us in the late war have contributed to the Establishment of our
Independence.

Session op 2 September.
At a meeting of the Commiss'rs. Fort Schuyler 2 Sept., 1784.
Present :
His Excellency Governor Clinton.
Ab. Cuyler
Henry Glen )-Esqr. Oommiss'r
Peter Schuyler ^
Judge Yates,
Ab. Yates, Junr.
John Ja. Beeckman,
Jacob G. Klock,
Chris'r P. Yates,
Mat : Visscher,
Peter W. Yates
Judge Ten Broeck
The Committee appointed to prepare an Introductory Speech
to the Deputies of the Mohawk, Onondaga, Cayuga and Seneca
Nations, Reported a D't thereof which being read and amended
was agreed to.
Resolved That the same Committee prepare a Speech to the
Oneyda & Tuscarora Nation.

352: Public Papers of George Clinton.
The Committee appointed to prepare a Speech to the Oneyda
and Tuscarora Nations Reported the same which being read was
amended and agreed to.

Minutes of Proceedings of September 4, 1784.
At a meeting of the Commissioners of the Indian Affairs for the
State of New York, 4th Sept, 1784.
Present :
His Excellency Governor Clinton.
Ab. Cuyler, Esq. ^ j
Peter Schuyler, Esq. [? Commissioners
Henry Glen, Esqr. J
Robert Yates, Esqr.
Ab. Ten Broeck, Esqr.
Ab. Yates, Junr. Esqr.
Peter W. Yates, Esqr. L. Associates
John Ja. Beeckman, Esqr.
Mat : Visscher, Esqr.
Jacob G. Klock, Esqr.
Genl. Gansevoort
Mr. Kirkland,
Mr. Peter Ryckman, Interpretor
« Jacob Reed, Interpretor
Major Fonda,
Major Frey,
Coll. Van Dyck,
Mr. John Livingston,
Coll'l. Wemple,
OoU'l. Munro.
Mr. Morris,

Public Papers of George Clinton. 353
The Omeyda amd Tuscarora Natioms being assembled among
whom were the following Chiefs & Warriors to wit
Sachems
Peter, or Tsistarare
Cornelius, or Otatshete
Peter, or A tyatonneatha
Wm., or Dyoghagweate
Wm., or Ayeaghwatha
John, or teyekanatsiajere
Chief Warriors
Lieut. Colo. Louis or Atyatoghharongevia
Capt. George or Thonwaghweakavagevea
Cornelius, or itghnejonkeu
Paulus, or itnentshomtye
Jacob, Preed, or Atsiaklatye
Jacob, or Black Smith
Anthony, or shononghrigo
John, or terghhathaghtous
Lodowick, or Asharago
Wm., or hagentarongwea
It was conceived proper by the Commissioners and the said Na
tions " to send for the Deputies of the other four Natioms that
they might hear what the Commissiomers had to say & Those
Deputies attending and being seated. His Excellency the Governor
delivered to the said two Nations the following speech :
" Brethren Sachems and W^arriors of the Oneyda and Tuscarora
Nations. " We bid you welcome and are very glad to see you and by this
23

354 Public Papers of George Clinton.
String we wish your Eyes console your Breast & open your Ears
that you may hear what we have to say."
A String.
"Brethren. At the conclusion of the late War with Great
Britain which terminated in a glorious Peace, the Legislature of
this State thought it right to re-establish the antient harmony
and friendship which had so long subsisted between this State
and the Six Nations residing within its Limits, and which has
been interrupted by the part which some of the Six Nations had
taken against us. For this and other purposes we are authorized
by a Law of this State to treat with them.
" Brethren. The part you have taken we remember with grati
tude; We have no differences to adjust with you. We look on you
as Brethren who have often in the Hour of danger given indubi
table proofs of your inviolable attachment to us and of your de
termination of living and dying with us.
" Brethren, we have been informed that some designing Persons
have endeavoured to persuade you that we mean to take away
your Lands. This is not true. You must not believe it. We have
no Claim on your Lands ; its just extent will ever remain secured
to you. It is, therefore, the object of our present meeting to have
the metes & bounds thereof, precisely ascertained in all its Parts,
in order to prevent any Intrusions thereupon.
" Brethren, To convince you that we have been equally mindful
of your Interest as of our own & which we consider as inseperable,
the Convemtion of this State in order to preserve the Amity and
Friendship which has always subsisted between us, and to pre
vent the discontents and Animosities that might arise from frauds
in Contracts made for your Lands by Individuals, not sanctioned
by the Legislature in forming the Constitution of this Govern-

Public Papers op George Clinton. 355
ment, did ordain and declare, that no purchases or Contracts for
the Sale of Lands made since the Year one thousand seven hun
dred and seventy-five, or which thereafter might be made with or
of the Indians within this State, should be binding on the said
Indians or deemed valid, unless made under the Authority of the
Legislature of this State and in all our subsequent transactions
we have been equally attentive to the preservation of your Prop
erty. " Brethren, We wish a continuance of that friendship which has
so long subsisted between us. And if at any time you should be
disposed to sell any of your Lands in that Case (in order to
prevent the frauds which may be practised towards you) we do
expect and recommend to you earnestly as Brothers and Guar
dians of your Rights to observe the good old Rule not to make
any such Contracts or Sales unless it be done under the Authority
and with the consent of the Government of this State, without
which no purchaser of your Lands can by Constitution and Laws
be vested with a legal Titfe.
" Brethren, Whem we invited the other four Nations to this
Treaty we intended you should be present. We knew (as you
lived in the Neighbourhood of this Place) that we could give you
an invitation after we were assured that the other Nations would
be here. We have now called you and are happy as Brothers-to
see you at this Council Fire and to give you fresh Assurances of
our Friendship and Affection which we do by this."
A Belt.
To which the said two Nations returned following answer:
" Brothers and Brothers of the State of New York : you observed
that you expected us at this Council Fire before the Arrival of

356 Public Papers op George Clinton.
the six Nations, but it would have been scandalous for us to have
been here before them as we had not been invited.
" Brothers by this," taking up the string given to them by the
Comrs., "you have beconed us to this Council Fire and opened)
our Eyes that we might rejoice together. You have also removed
the sorrow laid on us by the misfortunes of the War. You have
also opened our speech that we might speai, and our Ears that
we may hear your Voice. You have cleansed our habitations from
all the stains of blood. REPLY.
" Brothers, the Governor & Commissioners of the State of New
York we thank you for your Introductory address; we take for
granted our fate & fortune during the late Troubles have been
the same. You have now come up, what has been an untrodden
path to you ^f or many Years, and this Path which as you have
come along, you have seen has been strewed with Blood. We,
therefore, in our turn console your Hearts for all your Losses &
Sorrows during these troublesome times. We rejoice that you
have opened the Path of Peace to this Country. We now open
your speech and give a Spring to your Lungs that you may
freely speak." A String.
" Brothers, as we have now finished the smoking of the Pipe of
Introduction,, and you have spoken to us. In this your speech,
you have observed that there have been wicked Persons who have
propagated Reports among us as tho' our Territory was in dan
ger and as tho' if our Brothers would wrest it from us. You
have said that this was far from your disposition. Was ever
such thing known that one Brother would say to another get
away from, your habitation. We have utterly rejected and dis
believed these Reports.

Public Papers op George Clinton. 357
" Brothers, These evil Reports were mere Reports of the Bird ;
therefore, we thought it not worth our while to inform you of it,
nor has it affected us or will it ever [illegible] to us, for we do
not fix on any thing, until we have spoken and Conversed
together. " Brothers, these evil Reports we bury in Oblivion; let no such
things create Jealousy in our minds ; in this let us both be agreed.
" Brothers, We have said, let this be blotted out, for should
this be the Conduct of the Oneydas & Tuscarorars on this their
situafion it would be strange indeed — and should this be our
situation we should become a Reproach to every Nation both far
& near. Now Brothers we will come to the subject of our meet
ing. This is to revive the antiant Friendship which subsisted
between your forefathers and ours. That we might continue to
practise the same.
" Brothers, You have come to revive this antient friendship
and to give us fresh Testimonies of your Regard to us and our
Property, and to inform us that our Land is our own, and that
you have heretofore taken measures that it should be secured to
us; that no individual should come among us to purchase our
Lands without your presence, and if they purchased and paid us
money, the purchase would be void by the Resolution of the Great
Council of the State. You also desire us to acquaint you when
ever we should be disposed to sell any of our Lands.
" Brothers, We are glad to hear this, that no individual may
purchase from us without your knowledge. This is agreeable to
your frequent and repeated Declarations to us ; we would inform
you that a certain Man called, T'haoughweanjavergan alias Coll'l
John Harper, has made proposals to purchase Lands from us
south of the Unadilla. We replied it was contrary to the minds

358 Public Papers of George Clinton.
of our Brethren the State of New York, and he replied they know
it and have sent me for the purpose, and he gave us fifty Dollars
as an Earnest to the agreement.
"Brothers, We have now informed you of this ; it now lies with
you, whether he shall return again on this business.
" Brothers, This is all at present ; we intended only to make a
short reply.
" Brothers, You have repeatedly & frequently advised us to love
and regard our Property and now a fresh convinced of it. As you
have loved your Property you have also loved ours, and now
Teach us to preserve it.
" Brothers, We thank you for reviving this Resolution, from
the beginning of the late War that our Property is safe, and we
will follow your advice; do you continue the same.
" Brothers, We again thank you that you have again advised
us to keep a good look out that we do not loose our property.
" Brothers, We again thank you, there is nothing in your ad
dress which is opposite or unfriendly to our Interest.
" Brothers, We only renew our thanks for your Belt.
" Brothers, There is Another important Message with which
you came to us, that is to know our Boundaries.
"Brother, the Govern (or), you shall know what our Territory
was previous to the late War.
" Brother, you have a writing and we have another that shows
the boundary Line Run before the War, on this Side, I have only
one side to describe.
" 1. The line of Property reversed and continued from the
Canada Creek, 'till it comes to a certain Mountain called Esoiade
or Ice Mountain under which Mountain that Canada Creek oppo
site to old Fort Hendrick Heads, from thence running Westerly

Public Papers op George Clinton. 359
to an old Fort which stood on the Creek called Welinenghra
Guentere, and which empties into the River St Laurance about
twelve Miles below Carleten's or Bucks Island, and which Fort
the Oneidas took from their Enemies a long time ago, from
thence running Southerly to a Rift upon the Onondaga River,
called Agontenayea or Elequegonteneayea (a place remarkable
for Eels), about five Miles from where the River empties out of
the Oneyda Lake and from thence runs to the Creek called Cogh-
sunto to that part or point of the said Creek which lays about
Six Miles East of Onondaga, and when the Water runs over a
ledge of Rocks and from thence runs up the said Creek to a Lake
out of which it Empties called Anagwola's and from thence to
the head of the Oswego River, which heads in a Swamp nearly
at the same place where the said Coghsunto River heads, and
from thence down the said Oswego River to where it Empties
into the Susquehanah.
" Brothers, By this Belt I have shown you Our West Boundary
and you have Maps and Papers which will more precisely shew
you. " Brothers, I will take this oppertunity to mention another
matter of great Importance that respects the.Niskee Tribe. Gen
eral Washington assured them during their Late Troubles that
they should Possess and keep their Lands. It is a pleasant place
for us to rest at and refresh ourselves when we are Travelling,
and would wish you would confirm it.
"From Canada Creek the Line of Property reversed till it
comes to a Mountain called Esoadordee on thence west to Ogun-
tinga a Rist in the Onondaga River about 5 miles from Onida
Lake From thence Northerly to an Indian [illegible] called
Walaghlagentala, about 12 Miles below Carleton's Island, this

360 Public Papers op George Clinton.
Fort the Oneidas took from their Enemies long Time ago Thence
Easterly to a Mountain called Esoad or Ice Mountain & where
the Creek called Canada Creek which empties opposite old Fort
Hendrick Head.
" Then Beginning at Caquegemawia & runs from thence to the
Creek called Coghsunto a Point about Six Miles East of Onon
daga, Thence up said Creek to a lake out of which it empties
called Anagwolis and from thence to the Head of the Owego
which heads nearly at the same Place or Swamp thence down the
same till it empties in the Susquehana. Beginning at the Mouth
of Oyonawaga Creek or Johnsons Landing supposed 4 Miles W.
from Niagara, from thence allways 4 miles East of the carrying
place between Lake Erie & Ontario, to the mouth of Buffelo
Creek, thence South to the North Boundary of Pensylvania,
thence West to the End of the said North Boundary, thence
along the West Boundary of the said State to the River Ohio.
The above is the Boundary Settled the 25 Oct'r. 1784 between
the Continental Commissioners & the Six Nations. There is a
Reserve of Six Miles distance in all places from the Garrison of
Oswego."

Minutes op Proceedings op Commissioners and Indians at Fort
Schuyler September 5th, 6th and 7th.
At a meeting of the Commissioners of Indian affairs for the
State of New York 5 Sept'r., 1784 :
Present :
His Excellency Governor Clinton.
Abraham Cuyler,
Henry Glen, ^ Esq'rs. Commissioners.
Peter Schuyler,

Public Papers of George Clinton. 361
Robert Yates, Esqr.
Ab. Yates, Junr. Esqr.
Peter W. Yates, Esqr.
Ab. Ten Broeck, Esqr. ^ Associates
John Ja. Beeckman, Esqr.
General Gansevoort,
Mat : Visscher, Esqr.
Coll. Munro,
Coll. Van Dyck,
Major Fonda,
Mr. Morris,
Mr. Kirkland,
Mr. Peter Ryckman, Interpreter,
Coll. Wemple,
Mr. John B. Van Eps,
Mr. John Livingston.
The Deputies from the Mohawks, Onondagoes, Cayuagoes &
Senecas to wit :
Attending : the Oneydas & Tuscaroras being sent for. His Ex
cellency the Governor delivered the following speech to the said
Deputies. " Brethren, Sachems and Warriors of the Mohawks, Onondago's,
Cayuga's and Senecas.
" With this String we opem your Eyes amd your Ears that you
may hear and fully comprehend [what] we have to say.
" Brothers, The Council Fire which was lighted both at Albany
and Onondago by our Ancestors & those of the Six Nations, and
which burnt so bright and shone with so friendly a light over our
Common Country, has unhappily 'been almost extinguished by the
late War with Great Britain.

362 Public Papers of George Clinton;
" I now gather together, at this place, the remaining brands,
add fresh fuel, amd ..with the true Spirit of reconciliation! and re
turning friendship, rekindle the Fire, in hopes that no future
events may ever arise, to extinguish it ; but that you amd we, and
the offspring of us both; may enjoy its benign influence as long as
the Sun shall shine or the Waters flow.
" Brethren ! The Paths which lead to and from our respective
habitations, have already been opened, and every obstacle re
moved : we have, therefore, now the satisfaction of taking each
other by the Hand, as Brethren residlmg within the same State,
and congratulate you on your Arrival at this Meeting expressly
called for the purpose of setting those differences and Animosities
which have arisen between us 'by reason of your Conduct during
the late War; to establish Boundary Lines between you & us on
such just & equitable Terms as will 'be satisfactory & prevent all
future Animosities ; to promote Trade and Commerce, and renew
that former friendship and Compact antiently made between the
Six Natioms and our Dutch Ancestors, and afterwards frequently
renewed by the late Colony mow State of New York. These Thimgs
we comceive to be of great Importance especially, as We are now
become a free and Indepemdent State, and so acknowledged by
Great Britain and other foreign Nations. It, therefore, behoves
you amd us, to have them speedily determined as essentially neces
sary to advance & promote our mutual Interest and happiness in
token whereof we present with this"
A Belt.
" Brethren, We wish that a Treaty to bring about such salutary
and important purposes may be conducted with a true spirit
Friendship and reconciliation,

PuBLrc Papers of George Clinton. 863
" Brethren, We hope that you will not suffer yourselves to be
led astray or deceived by Persons, who under specious pretexts, or
from motives of private Interest will pretend to be your Advo
cates and Friends; Offer you their Council and advice; but at the
same time will throw in the way all the difficulties and embarrass
ments in their Power.
" Brethren, We recommend you to embrace the present opportu
nity; if this be lost or neglected some unavoidable Accident or
unforeseen event may render a future one precarious and possibly
less favorable to yo'ur Interest.
" Brethren, The Right and Power of managing all affairs with
the Imdlans, not Members of any of the States, are vested in Con
gress, who have as we are informed appointed Commissioners for
the purpose; We are appointed by a Law of the Legislature of
this State to superintend Indian affairs within the same, by virtue
of which we are authorized and required to enter into Compacts
and Agreements with any Indians residing within this State ; It
is in consequence of this Law and these Powers that we appear
now to treat with you our Brethren in our present Differences
are adjustedi we are inclined to live as heretofore on Terms of the
most sincere FriendS'hip. In Testimony whereof we give you this
Belt. " Brethren, By your Letter of the 11th day of August last which
we received from Capt. Brant, you inform us that you are sent by
the Six Nations, and the several Nations in Alliance with you to
settle some Points necessary to be arranged previous to a more
general meeting. What those Points are, we shall be glad to
know. We on our part attend agreeable to the antient Custom in
which Treaties have been Conducted between you and us and our
Ancestors, but your being thus sent, is out of the antient mode ;

364

Public Papers of George Clinton.

we would, therefore, desire to know the reason of this mew way of
proceedimg on a business of this nature, and whether you have
sufficiemt Powers delegated to you on this Occasion, so that when
we see that you have co'mpetent Po'wers for the Purposes, we may
proceed farther upon the Business."
The Answer:
" Brothers, now you have finished this day at this Council which
you have called here, and we have heard what you had to say and
fully Comprehend it, we would now observe to you, that it is the
Custom of the Six Nations to consult and consider before we
answer and wish you to keep an O'pen Ear in expectation to hear
what we have to say." 6 Sept., 1784.
Being rainy and the Deputies not being ready to deliver their
answer until to morrow.

7th Sept., 1784.
His Excellency the Governor being indisposed.
Present :
Ab. Cuyler,
Peter Schuyler, y Esqrs. Commissioners
Henry Glen,
Judge Yates,
Judge Ten Broeck,
Ab. Yates, Junr.
Peter W. Yates,
Mat : Visscher,
Genl. Gansevoort,
Jo'hn Livingston,
Coll. Munro,

* Esqrs. Associates.

Public Papers of George Clinton. 365
Coll. Wemple,
Coll. VanDyck,
Mr. Morris,
Mr. Vaughan,
Mr. Van Eps,
Mr. Kirkland,
Mr. Peter Ryckman, Interpreter
The Commissioners informed the Deputies of the four Nations
to wit :
That the Sachems and Warriors of the Oneidas & Tiscareras were
sent for to be present, they soon appeared & seated themselves and
thereupon Capt. Abeel a Seneca Chief spoke as follows :
" Brothers, You will acquaint us when you are ready."
And being answered by the Commissioners that they were now
ready, Capt. Brant delivered the following answer to the Commis
sioners Introductory Speech :
" Brothers Attend. We are now assembled at this place where
you have called a Council on' this day. We are equally with you
unhappy at the absence of the Governor, but what shall we say
we are not the preserver of our Lives, and, therefore, mutually
sympathise with you on Acct. of his illness, and we trust you
possess your minds in Peace, and attribute our not speaking yeS:-
terday to the badness of the Wheather.
" Now Brothers Attend : When you spoke to us and addressed
us as four Nations, Mohawks &c., you said with this String ' we
open yur Eyes and your Ears that we might comprehend what
you had to say.' We thank you Brothers for this Introductory
Address ; we comply with your request. We, theref O're, now in our
turn brighten up your Eyes and Understanding that you may
hear what we have to say.

366 Public Papers of George Clinton.
" Brothers, In your speech to us, you observed that the Council
Fire which was long ago kindled by our Ancestors at Albany and
Onondago and which burnt bright and shone with a friendly light
over this Country, has been almost extinguished by the late War
with the King of Great Britain.
"Brothers, It is true; it is fresh in our minds. We remember
the happy days that our Ancesters enjoyed.
"Again you said that you gathered the remaining brands and
rekindled the Fire, that the antient friendship might revive, and
that our offspring mutually might enjoy its Interest and benign
influence. "Brothers, We thank you for this; it exactly meets our dis
position and feelings of our minds. We, therefore, by this String
confirm your declarations ; thus Brethren we receive and confirm
because our Voice will be heard to all our Brethren to the West
ward, for which Reasom we trust it will remain sure. Again you
said that as the Path which led to our respective habitations was
again spread we had the Hand as Brothers.
"Brothers, That is true what you have said; we are surrounded
with Evidences of your friendly dispositions, for we are happy
while we are here at this Council Fire, and the design of meeting
at this Council Fire was for the purpose of settling those differ
ences & animosities, which had arisen between us during the late
War, occasioned by our Conduct, as well as yours. You farther
said, that your purpose was to settle boundary Lines between
you and us on such equitable Terms as will give mutual satis
faction. This Brothers meets with our entire approbation for
surely we have a Love for our Country. It is our wish that this
matter may be now attended to and accomplished to our mutual
satisfaction. This seems necessary to be fixed for then a free &

Public Papers of George Clinton. 367
generous Trade will be carried thro' our Country. This will
revive the antient friendship which subsisted between the Six
Nations and your Dutch Ancestors. Again, you observed that
this was a matter of great Importance, especially as you had
become a free & Independent State & so acknowledged by Great
Britain & other foreign States. This Brothers we know and are
fully sensible that you are a free and Independent State and,
therefore, wish to reestablish friendship & Peace between us, and
as a token that we receive your speech and confirm it we give you
this Belt." Belt of seven Rows with three Blocks. "And as a
further Testimony of our approbation of your rekindling this
Council Fire, we present you with this Pipe of Peace, there to
remain as a token of Peace from us, agreeable to the Custom of
our Ancestors.
" Brothers, You again spoke and expressed your Wish that
this Treaty which was to bring about important matters might
be conducted with a spirit of sincere Friendship. This is our
disposition. We mean im every respect to Conduct accordingly.
" You again spoke and warned us not to be led astray by evil
minded Persons.
" Brothers, we thank you for this advice & Warning. We take it
for granted that you know we are exposed to deception otherwise
3'^ou would not have warned us. This we shall observe we will be
on our guard, and we suppose it is necessary as our Lands will
be object of Jealousy.
" Brothers, You again spoke & recommended to us to embrace
the present oppertunity lest it should be lost by negligence. This
we embrace, for this very purpose came we to this place— because
we are left to Treat for ourselves and have a free and Independent
power for that purpose.

368 Public Papers of George Clinton.
" Brothers, You again spoke and made us acquainted that the
Powers managing Indian affairs at large belonged to Congress and
that they had appointed Commissioner's for this purpose, and that
you were appointed by this particular state, to manage Indian
affairs with Indians residing within the bounds thereof. , In con
sequence of which you appear here at this place. Here lies some
difficulty in our Minds that there should be two separate Bodies
to manage these affairs for this does not agree with our antient
Customs. This was the reason why we made such a reply, when
your Messenger Mr. Ryckman came to our Country. It was the
voice of our Chiefs and their Confederates that we should flrst
meet Commissioners of the whole 13 States, and after that, if any
matters should remain between us and any particular State that
we should then attend to them. At the same time we are fully de
termined notwithstanding all this to make a final settlement with
you and do all we can for that purpose & to confirm the truth of
our Words we give you this Belt." A Belt of seven Rows & ten
blocks. " Brothers, You again spoke mentioning the Letter you reed, of
11 August last from Capt. Brant by which we informed you that
we were sent by the six Nations and their Confederates to settle
some Points necessary to be arranged previous to a more General
meeting. What those Points were you desired us to let you
know— for you on your part mow attended, according to antient
Custom between .vour Ancestors and ours, and that the mode op
manner of our coining was not according to antient Custom, and
desired us also to let you know the reason of this, and also desired
us to inform you whether we had sufficient powers for the pur
poses mentioned in your Speech. We now reply and fully explain
to you the manner and mode of our coming down.

Public Papers op George Clinton. 369
" In the first place we assign this reason : when your Messenger
Mr. Ryckman came to* us with your Message in our Answer, we told
him we should first send to our Confederates and as soon as we
had a return from them, you should hear from us, and we also then
requested to hear from you in answer to what we sent by him ; A
second Reason we assign is this — you appointed the German Flats
for the place of the Council Fire ; in our Reply we requested that
it might be at Fort Stanwix, and that the Commissioners from
Congress might be acquainted therewith and be there, that we
might have the voice of the whole. When your Messenger left
us we enjoined it on- him to let us have an answer on these two
Points. On our part as soon as we had an answer from our Con
federates we informed you, and we were then in constant expecta
tion to hear from you. At this time came Chiefs from four Na
tions of our Confederates, and they then told us that Sachems of
two other Nations were yet behind and were daily expected.
Upon our informing them of the place of meeting which was this
very place they refused coming down so far, and said that
Niagara was the most Central place for meeting, and that it was
their antient place of meeting & Because they would not agree to
come down, is the Reason why we did not send a Runner as we
had promised, and as we had not received an Account from you
of the Alteration in the place of meeting. We are sent by our
Nations in the manner we now appear to Treat with you and have
powers for that purpose. Had your last Message come in Time,
the whole of our Nations would have been here; and in Testimony
that we have powers to Treat with you we present you with this
String, four strings, and wish you would let us know what you
have father to say to us."
24

370 Public Papers of George Clinton.
Rough Minutes of Proceedings of September 10, 1784.
At a meeting of the Commissioners of Indian affairs for the
State of New York, Fort Schuyler, 10th September, 1784.
Present His Excellency Governor Clinton;
Ab. Cuyler, "
H. Glen, |> Esqrs. Commissioners
P. Schuyler,
Judge Yates,
Judge Ten Broeck,
Ab. Yates, Esqr.,
John Ja. Beeckman,
Mat: Visschetf,
Coll. Wemple,
Mr. Morris,
Mr. Vaughan,
Mr. Ryckman & )
Jacob Reed [interpreters.
The Chiefs of the Oneyda & Tuscarora Nations.
Grasshopper,
Peter,John Jurry,
Capt. Ried,
The Deputies of the Mohawks, Onondagas, Cayugas & Senecas
viz: Mohawks Capt. David Hill, Karonghuotye
Capt. Jos. Brant, Thayendanegea
Onondagoes Kashightoghare, Hatheghserarin,

Public Papers op George Clinton. 371
Cayugas Oghniogueenton,
Ka^onghyageten,
Senecas Kagentwaghgegh or Capt. Abeel,
Thweatanin,
Oghgwagas Atoghsenonge
or Oneidas Kanaweadon
Tuscaroras JoghahiPen
War Cheifs.
attending and being asked whether they were ready to receive our
Reply and having answered they were and the Chiefs & sachems
of the Oneidas & Tuscaror being also present. His Excellency the
Governor delivered them the following speech :
" Brothers, We have heard your answer to our introductory
speech and considered it attentively. We are happy to find that
you correspond in sentiment with us. With respect to the im
portant matters we proposed to you, and that you discover a dis
position to adopt just & equitable Measures for reviving and con
firming that friendship which formerly subsisted between us, and
which was unhappily interrupted by the war with Great Britain,
and We receive with satisfaction the assurances you have given to
us that you have powers to treat with us upon the different
matters necessary to bring about this salutary object.
" Brothers, The Pipe of Peace which, agreeable to the Custom
of your Ancestors you have presented to us as a Testimony of
your Approbation of rekindling the Council Fire, shall be care
fully preserved as solemn Token of the sincerity of your Profes
sion. " Brothers, In all our Communications with you to effect the
proposed meeting, we have endeavoured to be as explicit as possi
ble, so that you might fully comprehend and understand, the

372 Public Papers of George Clinton.
Grounds and principles upon which we meant to treat with you,
and the powers under which we acted. And, to remove all diffi
culty & doubts from your minds on this subject, and as a further
evidence of that candor and sincerity which we have recommended
to be observed, and which we expect on your part, we have laid
before you the Consideration of the United States the Constitu
tion of this State, and the particular law under which we act,
that you might see and judge for yourselves before we proceeded
farther on the business.
" Brothers, We trast that the difficulties you expressed about
different Commissioners, are now fully removed from your minds,
and that you are clearly convinced, that we have. a proper right
to negotiate and settle all the matters between us which are pro
posed to you. We shall therefore now proceed.
" Brothers, To remove the anim.osities which have arisen dnring
the late war, we told you it wo'uld be necessary to estalblish Boum-
dary lines between you & us on just and equitable Terms. In
doing of which considering our Losses, the Debts we have in
curred and our former friendship it is reasonable, that you make
to us a cession of Land such a Cession of your Lands as will aid
us in repairing & discharging, the same.
" Brothers, We will not in the first instance, mention any
quantity or discribe any particular Tract. This can be better
done, hereafter when we are more fully informed of your senti
ments on this subject. We would only observe that in the settle
ment of this business we wish to be governed by Equity & mutual
conveniency and that we expect part of the Lands tO' be ceded will
be in the vicinity of Niagara, and Oswego, to aocommodate our
antient settlements at those places.

Public Papers op George Clinton. 873
" Brothers, This is the Principle point to be adjusted. If this
can be satisfactorily accomplished, all differences & animosities
will subside & we propose in this Case on our part to extend to
you all those assurances for securing you in the possession of your
Lands, and to prevent frauds & impositions which might be com
mitted agt. you, which you will find provideid for by our Consti
tution and Laws, amd which you have lately heard us give to our
Brethren the Oneydas amdi Tuscaroras, & our Peotple who are in
Captivity with you, liberated & returned to their Friends.
" Brothers, We think it proper also to mention to you, that if a
settlement should be happily effected & these Assurances be on
our Part given to you, that you will on your Part faithfully con
tinue to observe the antient Rule established between us while we
were a Colony, and renewed by the Constitution of this state, not
to dispose of any of your Lands lying within its Limits, without
the Consemt amd approbatiom of Our Govermmemt, amd that you
will expressly stipulate, that if at any time hereafter you should
dispose of any of your Lands within our Bounds, that in that
Case, you will always give us the right of preemption. So that
the state by any Act of yours may mot be injured im its Rights."
After which Capt. Abeel informed the Com'rs. that according to
Custom they would retire & take time to Consider and give an
answer; and they having retired — His Excellency the Governor
delivered the following Speech to the Oneydas & Tuscrarors :
" Brothers, We are very well satisfyed with your answer to our
speech, and for which, we mow retum you, our thanks.
"You have informed us that Thoughweanjawegen alias John
Harper, has made proposals to purchase Lands from you South of
the Unadilla, and that he told you that the Council of this State

374 Public Papers op George Clinton.
knew it and had sent him for the purpose — upon which you desire
our opinion.
" Brothers, what this Man has told you is not true. "He has
done this without our knowledge, and we have not sent him.
" Brothers, that you may no more be deceived or imposed upon
in such Cases, we advise you not to make any Bargain or Agree
ment for the Sale of any of your Lands, unless those who want to
buy do previously obtain and shew you a license from the Govern
ment of this State properly authenticated.
" Brothers, you also (agreeable to our request) have mentioned
to us the Boundaries of your Lands, and we have accordingly set
them down as you described them ; you observed that you had one
paper and we another that would give the Boundary on one side,
this is true ; — But the Bounds on the other side are not so well
known to us.
" Brothers, We have also observed what you have said relative
to the Lands on the Mohawk River now occupied by the Oriskie
Indians. These Lands are not comprehended within the Bounda
ries you mentioned to us, and it is, therefore, probable, they have
been heretofore sold to the persons who obtained a patent for
them under the late Colony of New York — Should this appear to
be the case, and that those persons have honestly paid for them,
we have too good an opinion of your honesty & understanding to
believe you would wish us to take away their property, and
thereby commit an act of injustice— For if we were to do so, how
could you ever after tmst us yourselves.
" Brothers, We have now fully opened our Mindis to- each other,
amd we are happy that your sentiments and ours do so well agree.
" Brothers, We mow conclude with the fullest confidence that
our Chain of Friendship will not contract any Rust but that it

Public Papers op George Clinton. 375
will always remain so bright throughout every part of the State,
that our Posterity may see their Faces im it, and that it will be
their object as it has been ours to promote each others happyness
and as a pledge thereof we now give you this Belt."
The Deputies of the Mohawks &c being returned, and being
seated Capt. Abeel spoke and said : " Brothers agreeable to
what we said before, we having retired are now ready to make
an Answer to your Speech if you are ready to receive it " & on
being answered by the Gov'r. that " we were " Capt. Brant arose
and spoke as follows to wit :
"Brothers, We have received your Speech and considered it
well; and are happy to find that you and we so well agree in
sentiment and there is the greatest prospect of settling the differ
ences which have arisen between us.
" Brothers, We are exceeding happy and return you thanks
for the candor and explicitness with which you have conducted
the business on your part. We have considered the Confedera
tion of the United States, the Constitution of this State and the
Law under which you Act, and are fully sensible of your Right
as Commissioners of this State in Treating with us, the Six
Nations, who live and reside within its Limits.
" Brothers, You have already experienced Candor and explicit
ness om our part and you may be assured of a continuation of
that Candor and explicitness which ought always to be observed
in a business of this Nature and especially among Brethren who
live and reside in one State.
" Brothers, You' have told us that in order to remove the Ani
mosities which have arisen between us durimg the late War, that
Boundary Lines between us should be settled and that in Con
sideration of your Losses, the Debts you had incurred, and the

376 Public Papers op George Clinton.
former friendship which subsisted between you and us, it was
reasonable that we should make to you such a Cession of our
Lands as would aid you in repairing and discharging the same.
" Brothers, We have already told you that we were ready to
settle with your Boundary Lines upon just and equitable Terms,
and we now repeat it, and as you have now called upon us to
know what Territory we would Cede and as you express a wish
to have part of the Lands to be ceded to, lie in the Vicinity of
Niagara and Oswego to accommodate your antient settlement
at those places.
" Brothers, We now reply that the request you make for Lands
for the above purposes in general, and the manner in which you
have made it we as Deputies think reasonable. But we must
observe to you, that we are sent in order to make peace, and
that we are not authorized, to stipulate any particular cession of
Lands, we shall however recommend it to our respective Nations
and we beleive they will meet your wishes to specify to you, the
Lands they are willing to grant to you. This Business we expect
the will treat with you about, as soon as the Treaty with the
Commissioners of Congress is ended.
" Brothers, You have particularly expressed your wish to have
Lands at Niagara and Oswego for the accommodation of your
antient settlement at those places. We have formerly ceded
some Lands to the Government of the late Colony of New York
for the use of the King; this Already belongs to you by the
Treaty with Great Britain and as to Oswego, we think it reason
able that you should have Lands there, but as to the Quantity
for the reason beforementioned we cannot determine; we will
also in respect to this earnestly recommend it to our respective
Nations, and we have every reason to suppose it will be granted.

Public Papers of George Clinton. 377
" Brothers, You told us that this was the principle point to be
settled between us, and if this could be adjusted and your People
in Captivity with us Liberated, all differences and animosities
would subside. We have already determined that when a Gen
eral Peace takes Place (and have sent yesterday to our Nations
for that purpose) that all the Prisoners should be Liberated and
returned. " Brothers, You farther informed us that if a settlement should
take place and the Assurances on your part given us in all our
Lands agreeable to the old Custom, that we would faithfully
continue to observe the antient Rule established between you and
us while we were a Colony and renewed by your Constitution,
not to dispose of any of our Lands lyimg within your State with
out your Consent and approbation. This we agree to and assure
you that we shall abide by the antient Rule and Custom these
were good and we as a People derived our mutual advantage
from it.
" In Testimony of the truth of all what we have said, we deliver
you this Belt." A Belt of seven Rows and five Blocks.
The Comm'rs by His Excellency the Governor, informed the
Indians that they intemded to set out early im the morning on
their Return home and, therefore, now adjourned the Council
Fire. He also mentioned to the Oneydas and Tuscaroras that
the Com'rs would give them the provisions which they had on
hand which they conceive would be the most acceptable present
on their Situation as their lamds during the war must have
grown over with bushes amd be hard to work & might not be
capable of drawing the usual supplies from them; amd to the
Deputies of the other four Natioms he memtioned the intention
of the Comm'rs to leave them a sufficiency of Provisioms for

378 Public Papers of George Clinton.
their use until the time fixed for meeting the Com'rs of the
United States.
In the course of this day severail Caynawaga Chiefs & Warriors
& about forty of that tribe arrived having previously sent the
Gov'r. a string to announce their approach, and as an Evidence
of their friendship, these being present at the delivering of the
last two speeches, the Com'rs thro the Governor, informed them
that their business at this Council fire was confined to the Six
Natioms, but that they were happy to see them there; that they
comsidered them now as friemds; that such of them as lived in the
Village of St. Regis or other parts within the limits of this State,
might return to their Habitations, without the least apprehen
sion of Injury, as " we shall have ample provision against any
frauds or impositions being committed against any Indians
reposing within its limits ;" that it would at the same time be
expected that they would Religiously observe the good old rule
which was renewed by the Constitution of this State, not to
dispose or part with any of their lands without the Consent and
approbation of this Government.
The Deputies of the four Nations by Cap. Abeel made a speech,
returning the Com'rs their thanks for the Candor, Civility and
Attention with which they had been treated; as did also the
Oagnawagas, promising at the same time to observe what had
been enjoined on them by the Comm'rs. It having been agreed
by the Com'rs as necessary for the interest of the State to leave
Major P. Schuyler one of their board, Mr. P. Ryckman, their In
terpreter at this place to attend the treaty proposed to be held
by the Com'rs of Congress, the following Instructions for the
goverm't of their Conduct was prepared and agreed to :

Public Papers of George Clinton. 379
Instructions for Major Peter Schuyler.
You are to remain at this place and with Mr. Peter Ryckman
(Who is to attend you) observe the Conduct of the Commissioners
of Congress in their proposed Treaty, and Dayly note them in a
Journal. You will attend the publick speeches & meetings to find
out the objects they have in View and when you find they have
in View & any thing that may Eventually prove Detrimental to
the State, you are to use your most undivided infiuence to
Counteract and frustrate.
The Oneidas & Tuscaroris are present 7 Blls. Corn, 3 of Beef,
2 Do Pork, 3 Do of Tobaco, 1 Do, of Salt, 2 Head of Cattle, 30
Keggs Rum, 28 Blls. of Flour for which you will take their Re
ceipt. You will then have on hand 2 Blls. Beef, 1 Do Pork, 2 Do
Tobaco, 1 Do Salt, 1 Head of Cattle, 6 Blls Rum, 40 Keggs Do, 2
Blls. Corn, ly^ Blls Biscuits, 1/2 Box Pipes & 12 Blls Flour. You
will out of this supply the Deputies from the Four Nations Until
the 20th Instant, the. day held by the Continental Com'rs for
their Treaty, & what ever you can Share from that, use, & your
own especially the Rum of which you have a Large Quantity —
convert into Cash for the Benefit of the State. You will inform
the Oneidas that you have given them all the Provision on hand
& that can possibly be spared.

[No. 5495.]
A Return of Stores Received by Wm. Colbreath at Fort Schuyler
from Henry Glen, Esquire, One of the Commissioners of Indian
Affairs. N. B. Several Barrells of Flour not full & badly trucked. The
Barrells in general very bad. The greatest number of the Bar-

380 Public Papers of George Clinton.
rolls of Beef & Pork were not full & badly packed. One Barrell
of Biscuit only half full. The Barrell of Wine wanted several
Gallons. Wm. Colbrath.

[No. 5496.]
Joseph Brant to the United States Commissioners Regarding the
Duplicity of Mr. Kirkland.
Port Stanwix, 20 Sept., 1784.
Gent., I take this Liberty of addressing you on a subject that
may affect the interest of the United States, and the Six nations
of Indians of which I am a member. I was at the Council Fire
of those Nations on the [illegible] day of August last at Buffaloe
& I was then 'authorized by them with others as Deputies from
those respective nations in consequence of a Message from Gov
ernor Clinton to meet at this place to adjust and settle some
matters with this State, previous to a more general meeting.
The same evening I arrived here, Mr. Kirkland came to this place,
and informed me that he had a message from you to be forwarded
by Mr. Dean to the Six Nations, and requested me to return to
Kanonogharie, from whence I that day came. I declined return
ing that Day — because I was fatigued, and could not consistant
with other engagements. I told him at the same time that it
was absolutely necessary, that I should be acquainted with the
purport of the message, as to render it effectual it appeared to
me; it ought to be accompanyed with a message from their depu
ties here.
The same Evening Governor Clinton arrived. I acquainted
him of what had passed on this occasion, and tho' he mentioned
that he was not immediately concerned in that business, he very

Public Papers op George Clinton. 381
generously offered to give me his assistance in forwarding any
communication to the Indians that I might think proper to make
to them; whereupon I immediately dispatched a Runner to the
Oneydas with a Letter informing them of my sentiments on this
subject, and of the propriety of the deputies here being made
acquainted with the purport of your message least if it should
not be attended with some notification from us to them it might
prove abortive. Notwithstanding which it seems the Gentleman
charged with it thought proper to proceed, to the Country of the
Six Nations without seeing us or communicating the subject of
his Errant.
These matters I have thought proper to inform you of; that if
any disappointment should take place, it might be imputed to the
right cause, and not attributed to the deputies here or the Nations
whom they represent incur any blame.
I am, Gent. Your most humble serv't.

[No. 5571.]
Governor CUnton to tho New York Delegates in Congress Appris
ing Them of the Approaching Adjournment of the Legislature.
New York, 11th April, 1785.
Gentlemen, I am informed that the Assem'bly have passed a
Resolution for adjourning on Friday next, and tho' it is uncertain
whether it will meet with the Concurremce of the Senate as to that
particular Day : yet I have every Reason to believe they will rise
(if not before) in the Course of the next Week, at farthest, unless
prevented' by New Business. I have therefore thought it iny Duty
to apprize you of this in order that if there are any Matters now
before Congress which will call for Legislative Declaration that
you may urge the necessity of their being expedited so as that they

382 Public Papers op George Clinton.
may come under Consideration at the present Meeting, as after so
tedious a Session as the present has been I fear it will be im
practicable to convene them again before next Winter.
I have the Honor to be with great Respect, Gentlemen, Your
most Obed't. Serv't.
The Hon'ble The Delegates of the State of New York in Congress.

[No. 5573.]
Governor Clinton Receives from the Secretary of Congress a Copy
of the Acts for the Protection of the Northwestern Frontier.
Secretary's Office, April 12th, 1785.
Sir, I have the honor of transmitting you the enclosed Acts* of
the 1st, 7th and '12th instant relative to the raising a body of
Troops, for the protection of the North western frontiers, the de-
*Friday, April 1, 1785, Congress took into consideration the report of a committee,
to whom were referred sundry motions relative to the western frontiers, and a
paragraph thereof relative to the raising of troops being under debate, a motion
was made by Mr. Howell seconded by Mr. Beatty, that the same be postponed, in
order to take up the following : " That it is necessary, that a body of troops, con
sisting of non-commissioned ofScers and privates, be raised to serve for the term of
three years, unless sooner diSQharged, for the protection of the northwestern fron
tiers, and for guarding public stores, to be raised by the states in the following
proportions, viz. N. H. &c
On the question, the paragraphs of the report being postponed, and the motion
taken up and amended, a division was called for, and on the question to agree to
the flrst clause as amended.
Resolved, That it is necessary that a body of troops consisting of 700 non
commissioned officers and privates, be raised to serve for the term of three years,
unless sooner discharged, for the protection of the northwestern frontiers, to defend
the settlers on the land belonging to the United States, from the depredations of
the Indians, and to prevent unwarrantable intrusions thereon, and for guarding the
public stores.
After debate on the latter clause of the motion.
Ordered, That the further consideration thereof be postponed.
Thursday, April 7, 1785, Congress resumed the consideration of the report on the
motions relative to the western frontiers, and a motion being made by Mr. Howell,
seconded by Mr. Beatty,
That the 700 non-commissioned ofllcers and privates determined to be necessary,
by the act of 1st April, be raised by the following states, in the following
proportions :
A motion was made by Mr. Bllery, seconded by Mr. King, to postpone that motion,
in order to take up the following :
That it be recommended to the states hereafter named, as most conveniently
situated, to furnish forthwith, from their militia, the 700 non-commissioned officers
and men, agreed to be raised by the resolution of the 1st April, in the following
proportions, viz.

Public Papers op George Clinton. 383
fence of the inhabitants against the depredations of the Indians,
for preventing unwarrantable intrusions on lands belonging to the
United States and to guard the public Stores.
As the United States in Congress Assembled have been pleased
by a late Ordinance, of which I enclose a 'Copy, to make it a part
And on the question to postpone the purpose aforesaid, the yeas and nays being
required by Mr. King, the question was lost.
After further debate the original motion was withdrawn, and thereupon.
On motion of Mr. Ellery, seconded by Mr. King,
Resolved, That it be recommended to the states hereafter named, as most conve
niently situated, to furnish forthwith, the 700 non-commissioned officers and men,
¦ agreed to be raised by the resolution of 1st April, in the following proportions :
Ordered, That the remainder of the report be committed, and that the committee
be instructed to report the states to be called upon, and the proportions to be
furnished by them respectively. Tuesday, April 12, 1785.
On the report of a committee, consisting of Mr. Monroe, Mr. Johnson, Mr. R. R.
Livingston, Mr. King, Mr. Beatty, Mr. J. Henry and Mr. Bedford.
Resolved, That non-commissioned officers and privates to be raised by the resolu
tion of the seventh day of the present month April, be furnished by the states
hereinafter mentioned, in the following proportions :
Connecticut 165
New York 165
New Jersey 110
Pennsylvania 260
 700
That the following commissioned officers be furnished by the said states, for the
said troops, in the following proportions :
One lieutenant colonel from Pennsylvania.
Two majors, one from Connecticut, and one from New York, each to command a
company. Bight captains, ten lieutenants, one to act as adjutant, one as quarter-master, and
one as pay-master. Ten ensigns, one surgeon and four mates, to be furnished by the
said states in proportion to the number of privates which they respectively furnish,
That the pay of the lieutenant colonel be 50 dollars per month ; that of the major,
45 ; captain 35, lieutenant 26 ; ensign, 20 ; sergeant 6 ; corporal, 5 ; drum, ^ ; flfe, 5 ;
private, 4; surgeon, 45; mate, 30.
That the lieutenants acting as adjutant, quarter-master, and paymaster, shall
receive in consideration of the said extra duty, each ten dollars per month.
That each officer and soldier shall receive one month's pay after they are
embodied, before their march.
That the secretary of war be directed to form the said troops when raised into
one regiment, consisting of eight companies of Infantry, and two of artillery, to
appoint their places of rendezvous, direct their subsequent operations, and make all
other inferior necessary arrangements not herein particularly mentioned, subject to
the order of Congress, and of the committee of the states in the recess of Congress ;
and that the commissioners of the treasury be instructed to furnish on his warrant,
the sums necessary for carrying the same into effect.
That the said troops when embodied, on their march, on duty or in garrison, shall
be subject to all the rules and regulations formed for the government of the late
army, or such other rules as Congress or a committee of the states may form.
That the secretary at war ascertain the necessary clothing and rations proper for
the troops, and report the same to Congress.
That the commissioners of the treasury contract for the supply of rations at such
places and in such quantities as the secretary at war shall judge necessary.
Journals of Congress, p. 82, 83 vol. 10.

384 Public Papers op George Clinton.
of the duty of the Secretary of Congress " to transmit to the sev
eral States all Acts, Ordinances, Resolutions and recommenda
tions of Congress, amd to correspomd with the States for the pur
pose of receivimg Commumications from them relative to the exe
cution of the same," I have embraced the earliest opportunity of
forwarding the enclosed Acts, and trust yo'ur Excellemcy will
favour me with ami accoumt of the steps taken by your State for
raising the quota assigned, that I may make report thereof con
formably to the said Ordinance.
The honor, peace and prosperity of our Nation being objects
very near my heart Nothing will give me greater pleasure than
frequent opportunities of reporting to Congress the earnest and
United endeavours of the several States to promo'te those great
and desireable ends.
I have the honor to be with great respect. Your Excellency's
most obedient and most humble Servt. Chas. Thomson.
His Excellency The Governor of New York.
The Governor Lays the Matter Before the Legislature.
Gentlemen, By this Message I have the Honor of submitting to
your Consideration, Resolutions of the United States in Congress
of the 1st, 7th and 12th Instant relative to the raising a Body of
Troops in the States therein mentioned for the Protection of the
North-Western Frontiers, the defence of the Inhabitants against
the depredations of the Indians, for preventing unwarrantable In
trusions on Lands belonging to the United States, and to guard
the Public Stores and also of layimg before you for your Informa
tion an Ordinance of the 31st of March, for the Regulatlom of the
Office of the Secretary of Comgress. Geo: Clinton.
New York 14th April, 1785.

Public Papers of George Clinton. 385
[Nos. 5578-5581-5582.]
Correspondence Relative to Running and Marking the Boundary
Line Between the States of New York and Pennsylvania.
New York, 2nd May, 1785.
Sir, An Act having passed at the last meeting of the Legislature
for appointing Commissioners on the Part of this State for run
ning and ascertaining the Line of Jurisdiction between this State
and Pensylvania in concert with Commissioners appointed for
the same Purpose by that State. I take this earliest opportunity
of informing you that the Council have appointed you, Simeon
Dewitt and James Clinton, Esquires for this service, and which
I would fain hope, considering the Importance of the Business
and the necessity of its being performed with accuracy, you will
not decline if your Health is so far restored as to permit of it,
which I most sincerely wish may be the Case. I am not at
present able to mention any particular time for the Commence
ment of this business, as I have not yet received an Answer to a
Letter addressed to Governor Dickinson on this Subject but I
should suppose it cannot be sooner than the letter End of this
or the Beginning of next month.
I am with great Respect & Esteem, Sir, Your most obedient
Serv't.
[G. C]
To Gen. Philip Schuyler.
-David Ri'ttbnhouse to Simeon Dewitt.
(Copy)
Philadelphia, 12th May, 1785.
Sir, Some weeks Colo: Porter and myself, were Commissioned
by the President and Counicil to ascertaim the Division Line
between the States of Pennsylvania and New York in conjunc
tion with mch Persons as might be appointed on the part of
25

386 Public Papers op George Clinton.
New York, but a few days before Governor Clinton's Letter came
to hand. Council thought it absolutly necessary to direct us to
proceed to the Westward and compleat the Western Boundary
of this State; so that at present there seems to be little probabil
ity of making any Progress in the Northern Boundary this Sea
son. I should, therefore, think it most eligable to postpone that
Business to the spring of 1786, when the necessary preparations
may be made for taking the earliest of the Season. I shall be
happy to have your Sentiments on the matter. We set off in a
Day or two for the Ohio, but any Letters directed to me and sent
to Philadelphia will be carefully forwarded. It would be very
agreeable to me to see you in Philadelphia, but do not expect to
retum before the beginning of July, unless the two Governments
determine to have the Northern Boundary began this Season. If
so I shall expect to be recalled from the Ohio.
I am. Sir, Your mosy Obedient Humble Servt. David Rittinhouse.
Simeon Dewitt, Esquire.

General Schuyler Declines the Appointment.
Albany, May 13th, 1785.
Sir, Om the 11th I was homored with Your Excellency's letter of
the 2d Imstamt.
Altho the Gout which I have experiemced so severely in my
stomack, has retired to the extremes, and that I have a prospect
of being soom freed from it, yet I am reduced to such a state of
debilitatiom, that I have mo hopes of obtaimimg strength sufficient
to endure the fatigue amd imconvemiencies, necessarilly incident
on so extensive a Survey, thro a wilderness, as that of running

Public Papers op George Clinton. 387
out the boundary line between this and the state of Pensylvania,
and must therefore, decline, the appointment.
I have the honor to be with great respect & Esteem, your
Excellency's most obedient Servant Ph: Schuyler.
His Excellency George Clinton, Esqr.

[No. 5589.]
Cha/rles Thomson, Secretaiij of Congress, to Governor Clinton with
Act of Congress as to Laying Out tlie Western Territory into
States. Secretary's Office, May 28th, 1785.
Sir, I have the honor of tramsmittimg to your Excellency an Act
of the United States in Congress Assembled for laying out into
distinct States the western Territory ceded to the Union by indi-
c
vidual States and stating the principles which the temporary and
permanent government of the New States shall be established.
Also an Ordinance for ascertaining the mode of disposing of lands
in the Western Territory and subsequent measures taken for car
rying the Ordinance into effect.
Havimg received mo answer to my letter of the 12th April last,
covering the Acts of the 1st, 7th and 12th of that month relative
to the raising a body of troops for the purposes therein mentioned,
I must beg the favour of your Excel'lency to communicate to me
the Steps taken bj your state for raising the quota assigned, that I
may be enabled to make report thereof.
With the greatest resipect I have the honor to be Your Excel
lencys Most obedient and most humble Serv't. Chas. Thomson.
His Excellency the Governor of New York.

388 Public Papers op George Clinton.
Friday, May 20, i785.
Congress assembled : Present as yesterday.
Congress proceeded in the third reading of the ordinance for ascertaining the mode
of disposing of lands In the western territory, and the same being gone through, was
passed as follows :
An ordinance for ascertaining the mode of disposing of lands In the Western
Territory :
Be it ordained by the United States in Congress assembled, that the territory
ceded by individual states to the United States, which has been purchased of the
Indian Inhabitants, shall be disposed of in the following manner :
A surveyor from each state shall be appointed by Congress, or a committee of the
states, who shall take an oath for the faithful discharge of his duty, before the
geographer of the United States, who is hereby empowered and directed to administer
the same ; and the like oaths, shall be administered to each chain carrier, by the
surveyor under whom he acts.
The geographer, under whose direction the surveyors shall act, shall occasionally
form such regulations for their conduct, as he shall deem necessary ; and shall have
authority to suspend them for misconduct in office, and shall make report of the
same to Congress, or to the committee of the states ; and he shall make report in
case of sickness, death, or resignation of any surveyor.
The surveyors, as they are respectively qualified, shall proceed to divide the said
territory Into townships of 6 miles square, by lines running due north and south,
and others crossing these at right angles, as near as may be, unless where the
boundaries of the late Indian purchases may render the same impracticable, and
then they shall depart from this rule no farther than such particular circumstances
may require. And each surveyor shall be allowed and paid at the rate of two
dollars for every mile. In length, he shall run. Including the wages of chain carriers,
markers, and every other expense attending the same.
The first line, running north and south as aforesaid, shall begin on the rivet
Ohio, at a point that shall be found to be due north from the western termination
of a line, which has been run as the southern boundary of the state of Pennsylvania ;
and the first line, running east and west, shall begin at the same point, and shall
extend throughout the whole territory ; provided, that nothing herein shall be
construed, as fixing the western boundary of the state of Pennsylvania. The
geographer shall designate the townships, or fractional parts of townships, by
numbers progressively from south to north ; always beginning each range with No. 1 :
and the ranges shall be distinguished by their progressive numbers to the westward.
The first range, extending from the Ohio to the lake Brie, being marked No. 1. The
geographer shall personally attend to the running of the flrst east and west line ;
and shall take the latitude of the extremes of the first north and south line, and of
the mouths of the principal rivers.
The lines shall be measured with a chain ; shall be plainly marked by chaps on
the trees, and exactly described on a plat ; whereon shall be noted by the surveyor,
at their proper distances, all mines, salt-springs, salt-licks and mill-seats, that shall
come to his knowledge ; and all water-courses, mountains and other remarkable and
permanent things, over and near which such lines shall pass, and also the quality
of the lands.
The plats of the townships respectively, shall be marked by subdivisions into lots
of one mile square or 640 acres. In the same direction as the external lines, and
numbered from 1 to 36 ; always beginning the succeeding range of the lota with the
number next to that with which the preceding one concluded. And where, from the
causes before-mentioned, only a fractional part of a township shall be surveyed, the
lots, protracted thereon, shall bear the same numbers as if the township had been
entire. And the surveyors, in running the external lines of the townships, shall, at

Public Papers op George Clinton. 389
the Interval of every mile, mark corners for the lots which are adjacent, always
designating the same in a different manner from those of the townships.
The geographer and surveyors shall pay the utmost attention to the variation of
the magnetic needle ; and shall run and note all lines by the true meridian, certify
ing, with every plat, what was the variation at the times of running the lines
thereon noted.
As soon as 7 ranges of townships, and fractional parts of townships, in the direc
tion from south to north, shall have been surveyed, the geographer shall transmit
plats thereof to the board of treastfry, who shall record the same, with the report,
in well bound books to be kept for that purpose. And the geographer shall make
similar returns, from time to time, of every 7 ranges as they may be surveyed.
The secretary at war shall have recourse thereto, and shall take by lot theretrom,
a number of townships, and fractional parts of townships, as well from those to be
sold entire, as from those to be sold in lots, as will be equal to one-seventh part of
the whole of such 7 ranges, as nearly as may be, for the use of the late continental
army ; and he shall make a similar draught, from time to time, until a sufficient
quantity is drawn to satisfy the same, to be applied in manner hereinafter directed.
The board of treasury shall, from time to time, cause the remaining numbers, as well
those to be sold entire, as those to be sold in lots, to be drawn for. In the name
of the thirteen states respectively, according to the quotas in the last preceding
requisition on all the states ; provided, that in case more land than its proportion is
allotted for sale, in any state, at any distribution, a deduction be made therefor at
the next.
The board of treasury shall transmit a copy of the original plats, previously
noting thereon, the townships, and fractional parts of townships, which shall have
fallen to the several states, by the distribution aforesaid, to the commissioners of
the loan-office of the several states, who, after giving notice of not less than two
or more than six months, by causing advertisements to be posted up at the court
houses, or other noted places in every county, and to be Inserted in one newspaper,
published in the states of their residence respectively, shall proceed to sell the
townships, or fractional parts of townships, at public vendue ; in the following
manner, viz : The township, or fractional part of a township. No. 1, in the first
range, shall be sold entire ; and No. 2, in the same range, by lots ; and thus In
alternate order through the whole of the flrst range. The township, or fractional
part of a township. No. 1, in the second range, shall be sold by lots ; and No. 2,
in the same range, entire ; and so inj alternate order through the whole of the
second range ; and the third range shall be sold in the same manner as the flrst,
and the fourth in the same manner as the second, and thus alternately throughout
all the ranges ; provided, that none of the lands, within the said territory, be sold
under the price of one dollar the acre, to be paid in specie, or loan-office certificates,
reduced to specie, value, by the scale of depreciation, or certificates of liquidated
debts of the United States, including interest, besides the expense of the survey
and other charges thereon, which are hereby rated at 36 dollars the township. In
specie, or certificates as aforesaid, and so in the same proportion for a fractional
part of a township, or of a lot, to be paid at the time of sales ; on failure of which
payment, the said lands shall again be ofEered for sale.
There shall be reserved for the United States out of every township, the four lots,
being numbered 8, 11, 26, 29, and out of every fractional part of a township, so many
lots of the same numbers as shall be found thereon, for future sale. There shall be
reserved the lot No. 16, of every township, for the maintenance of public schools,
within the said township ; also one third part of all gold, silver, lead and copper
mines, to be sold, or otherwise disposed of as Congress shall hereafter direct.
When any township, or fractional part of a township, shall have been sold as
aforesaid, and the money or certificates received therefor, the loan-officer shall
deliver a deed in the following terms :

390 Public Papers of George Clinton.
The United States of America, to all to whom these presents shall come, greeting :
•Know ye. That for the consideration of dollars, we have granted, and
hereby do grant and confirm unto the township, (or fractional part of
" township, as the case may be) numbered in the range excepting therefrom,
and reserving one-third part of all gold, silver, lead and copper mines within the
same ; and the lots No. 8, 11, 26, and 29, for future sale or disposition, and the lot
No. 16, for the maintenance of public schools. To have to the said his
heirs and assigns for ever ; (or if more than one purchaser, to the said their
heirs and assigns forever as tenants in common.) In witness whereof, A. B.
commissioner of the loan-office, in the state of hath, in conformity to
the ordinance passed by the United States in Congress assembled, the 20th day of
May, in the year of our Lord 1785, hereunto set his hand, and affixed his seal, this
day of in the year of our Lord and of the independence of the United
states of America
And when any township, or fractional part of a township, shall be sold by lots
as aforesaid, the commissioner of the loan-office shall deliver a deed therefor in
the following form :
The United States of America, to all to whom these presents shall come, greeting :
Know ye. That for the consideration of dollars, we have granted, and
hereby do grant and confirm unto the lot (or lots, as the case may be, in
the township or fractional part of the township, as the case may be) numbered
in the range excepting and reserving one-third part of all gold, silver, lead
and copper mines within the same, for future sale or disposition. To have to the
said his heirs and assigns for ever ; (or If more than one purchaser, to the
said their heirs and assigns for ever as tenants In common.) In witness
whereof, A. B. commissioner of the continental loan-office in the sfatc of
hath, in conformity to the ordinance passed by the United States in Congress
assemoled, the 20th day of May, in the year of our Lord Xl-^'), hereunto set his hand,
and affixed his seal, this day of in the year of our Lord and
of the independence of the United States of America
Which deeds shall be recorded in proper books, by the commissioner of the loan
office, and shall be certified to have been recorded, previous to their being delivered
to the purchaser, and shall be good and valid to convey the lands In the same
described. The commissioners of the loan-offices respectively, shall transmit to the board
of treasury ' every three months, an account of the townships, fractional parts of
townships, and lots committed to their charge ; specifying therein the names of the
persons to whom sold, and the sums of money or certificates received for the same ;
and shall cause all certificates by them received, to be struck through with a clrcvilar
punch ; and they shall be duly charged in the books of the treasury, with the
amount of the moneys or certificates, distinguishing the same, by them received as
aforesaid. If any township, or fractional part of a township or lot, remains unsold for 18
months after the plat shall have been received, by the commissioners of the loan-
offlce, the same shall be returned to the board of treasury, and shall be sold in
.^such manner as Congress may hereafter direct.
And whereas Congress, by their resolutions of September 16th and ISth, in the year
1776, and the 12th of August, 1780, stipulated grants of land to certain officers and
soldiers of the late continental army, and by the resolution of the 22d September,
1780, stipulated grants of land to certain officers In the hospital department of the
late continental army ; for complying therefore with such engagements. Be it
ordained. That the secretary at war, from the returns in his office, or such other
sufficient evidence as the nature of the case may admit, determine who are the objects
of the above resolutions and engagements, and the quantity of land to which such
persons or their representatives are respectively entitled, and cause the townships or

Public Papers op Gborgb Clinton. 391
fractional parts of townships, hereinbefore reserved for the use of the late continental
army, to be drawn for in such manner as he shall deem expedient, to answer the
purpose of an impartial distribution. He shall, from time to time, transmit certifi
cates to the commissioners of the loan offices of the different states, to the lines of
which the military claimants have r.espectively belonged, specifying the name and
rank of the party, the terms of his engagement and time of his service, and the
division, brigade, regiment or company to which he belonged, the quantity of land
he is entitled to, and the township, or fractional part of a township, and range out
of which his portion is to be taken.
The commissioners of the loan-offices shall execute' deeds for such undivided pro
portions in manner and form herein before-mentioned, varying only in such a
degree as to make the same conformable to the certificate from the secretary at war.
Where any military claimants of bounty in lands shall not have belonged to the
line of any particular state, similar certifioates shall be sent to the board of treasury,
who shall execute deeds to the parties for the same.
The secretary at war, from the proper returns, shall transmit to the board of
treasury, a certificate, specifying the name and rank of the several claimants of
the hospital department of the late continental army, together with the quantity
of land each claimant is entitled to, and the township, or fractional part of a
township, and range out of which his portion is to be taken ; and thereupon the
board of treasury shall proceed to execute deeds to such claimants.
The board of treasury, and the commissioners of the loan-offices in the states,
shall, within 18 months, return receipts to the secretary at war, for all deeds which
have been delivered, as also all the original deeds which remain in their hands for
want of applicants, having been flrst recorded ; which deeds so returned, shall be
preserved in the office, until the parties or their representatives require the same.
And be it further orda!ined, That the three towns^iips adjacent to lake Brie be
reserved, to be hereafter disposed of by Congress, for the use of the officers, men,
and others, refugees from Canada, and the refugees from Nova-Scotia, who are
or may be entitled to grants of land under resolutions of Congress now existing, or
which may hereafter be made respecting them, and for such other purposes as Con
gress may hereafter direct.
And be it further ordained. That the towns of Gnadenhutten, Schoenbrun and
Salem, on the Muskingum, and so much of the lands adjoining to the said towns,
with the buildings and improvements thereon, shall be reserved for the sole use
of the Christian Indians, who were formerly settled there, or the remains of that
society, as nday, in the judgment of - the geographer, be sufficient for them to
cultivate. Saving and reserving always, to all officers and soldiers entitled to lands on the
northwest side of the Ohio, by donation or bounty from the commonwealth of
Virginia, and to all persons claiming under them, all rights to which they are so
entitled, under the deed of cession executed by the delegates for the state of
Virginia, on the flrst day of March, 1784, and the act of Congress accepting the
same ; and to the , end, that the said rights may be fully and etEectually secured,
according to the true intent and meaning of the said deed of cession and act
aforesaid. Be it ordained, that no part of the land included between the rivers
called Little Miami and Sciota, on the northwest side of the river Ohio, be sold,
or in any manner alienated, until there shall first have been laid off and appropri
ated for the said officers and soldiers, and persons claiming under them, the lands
they are entitled to, agreeably to the said deed of cession and act of Congress
accepting the same. ,
Done by the United States in Congress assembled, the 20th day of May, in the year
of our Lord 1785, and of our soverignty and Independence the ninth.
Richard H. Lee, President.
Charles Thomson, Secretary.

392 Public Papers of George Clinton.
[No. 5595.]
Egbert Benson Files His Resignation as Attorney General with
Governor Clinton.
Sir, It was not til very lately I was informed, with certainty,
that the Legislature had adjourned, at their last Meeting, without
making any Provision respecting the office of Attorney General.
I did not receive this information in Season, otherwise I should
have waited on your Excellency, .or have transmitted you my Res
ignation while the Council of Appointment were as yet assembled.
A becoming Deference to Government made it proper in me to
suspend my Determination until the Moment of an adjournment,
as I must have supposed my Application, for a more eligible Es
tablishment of the office in future, was still under Deliberation,
and I could not in the mean time have justified even a Conjecture
as to the Result.
I am not insensible of the Obligation to accept public Trusts,
and that this Duty has a peculiar Force, under our forms of Gov
ernment; I can, however, acquit myself in relinquishing an Ap
pointment, too burthensome to be borne gratuituously by a Per
son in my Situation, and I must, therefore, request Your Excel
lency to consider Me as having resigned the Office of Attorney
General. The indulgent Access to your Excellency and the Attention with
which you have been pleased to honor Me during my Continuance
in this Office will always claim my most sincere Gratitude.
I remain with the most perfect Respect, Your Excellency's
obedt. Serv't. Egb't Benson.
Poughkeep'Sle, June 4th, 1785.
His Excellency Governor Clinton.

Public Papers op George Clinton. 393
[No. 5604.]
Mr. Jay, Secretary of Foreign Affairs, Announces to Governor
Clinton the Birth of the Duke of Normandy.
(Circular) Office for Foreign Affairs, 14th June, 1785.
Sir, I have the Honor of informing your Excellency that Con
gress have received a Letter from his Most Christian Majesty
dated the 27th March last, announcing the Birth that Day of la
Prince whom he had named Duke of Normandy.
As this Event adds to the Happiness of a King and a People
who have given many important Proofs of Friendship for our Na
tion, it must naturally excite that Pleasure which generous Minds
always derive from the Prosperity of their Friends and Benefac
tors. I have the Honor to be, with great Respect, Your Excellency's
Most obt. & very hble. Servt. John Jay.
His Excellency the Governor of the State of New York.

[No. 5619.]
Massachdisetts' Claim to Land in New York State — Governor
Bowdoin to Governor Clinton. Boston, July 18, 1785.
Sir, The enclosed order of the Legislature of this Common
wealth will sho'w to your Excellency their sense of the proceed
ings 'Of the Legislature of the State of New York, in regard to
the Territory lying to the Westward of Hudson's River, and
claimed by this State.
An attempt by either State to purchase of the Natives their
right in that territory, and to dispose of, grant, or settle any part
of it, while their respective claims, (submitted to the decision of

394 Public Papers op George Clinton.
Commissioners mutually chosen, under the authority of Con
gress) remain undecided, would, as we conceive, be judged by the
states disinterested, as altogether improper. And the im
propriety of such a measure in itself considered, but especially
considered in relation to the Oonfederation, and the principles
upon which that is bottomed, prevented this State from adopt
ing it.
Though it appears by the New York News Papers, that your Ex
cellency with the other Commissioners of the land office, had
returned from Fort Herkimer: having there held a treaty with
the Oneida and other Indians, in pursuance of an act of the legis
lature of New York, and accomplished your business very suc
cessfully, we cannot entertain a thought that either your Excel
lency or your Legislature can intend, or will suffer, the cession
or grant of lands made to your State by those Indians, to operate,
in any rtespect whatever, to the disadvantage of this Common
wealth. By that Act, passed the 11th of April last, for facilitating the
settlement of the waste lands claimed to be within the State of
New Y''ork, it appears, that the measures for accomplishing that
business are to be pursued with great dispatch ; and for that pur
pose, that the Surveyor General was directed by it to remove his
Office by the first of June (last) to Albany.
You will permit me to observe here, that although the Legisla
ture of this State have no right to intermeddle in matters out of
their jurisdiction, yet as your Excellency must know, or have
reason to think, that the said Act, and the proceedings in conse
quence of it, have respect to a territory claimed by this State,
they will not incur your censure for the order they have passed
on the occasion ; and you will think it my duty to request, and ac-

Public Papers of George Clinton. 395
oordingly, in the name and behalf of the Legislature of this State,
I do request your Excellency, that all .proceedings, relative to
those lands, may be stayed, until the Commissioners, appointed
for the purpose, shall have determined the right of the two Gov
ernments in them.
With the utmost Respect I have the honor to be. Sir, Your Ex
cellency's Most Obed't. Hum'l. Servt. James Bowdoin.
Commonwealth of Massachusetts In Senate, June 22d, 1785.
Whereas this Court has reason to believe, that the State of New York has offered
to make sale of Lands within the limits claimed to be within this Commonwealth,
and that the said State is- actually attempting to purchase of the Natives land
lying within the same limits—
Therefore Ordered, that his Excellency the Governor be and hereby is requested
to write to the Governor of the State aforesaid representing to him the nature and
Impropriety of such conduct, that it tends manifestly to lay a foundation for
jealousy and discord between this Commonwealth and the State aforesaid and that
in the opinion of this Legislature, all matters respecting the said Lands ought to
have been permitted by the respective claimants thereof to continue in the same
state they were in at the time the claim of this Commonwalth thereto was instituted.
Sent down for concurrence. Samuel Phillips, junr., Presid't
In the House of Representatives June 28th, 1785, Read & concurred
Nathaniel Gorham, Speaker.
Approved James Bowdoin.
True Copy John Avery, junr. Secretary.
Attest

[No. 5667.]
The New York Common Council Offers a Conditional Reward for
the Assailants of Brockholst Livingston.
City of New York, ss
At a Common Council held at the City Hall of the said City on
Thursday October 6th, 1785.
Present : Richard Varick, Esquire Recorder; Benjamin
Blagge, Abra'm. P. Lott, John Broome, Wm. W.
Gilbert, Wm. Neilson, Jerem'h. Wool, Nicho. Bay
ard, Esq'rs. Aldermen;
Aert Huysman, Danl. Pheonix, Jon'a. Lawrence,
Ab'm. V. Gelder, Assistants.

396 Public Papers of George Clinton.
Whereas a most violent assault hath last night been committed
on Brockholst Livingston, Esquire, of this City with- circum
stances which evince an Intention of assassinating him. And the
peace of this City requires the greatest vigilence and Encourage
ment to discover the Perpetrators or Abettors of this wicked
Design, And this Board conceive that a Proclamation from the
Supreme Executive Authority of this state offering a Reward for
securing the offenders would have a tendency to effect a
discovery ;
Resolved that this Board will (if his Excellency the Governor
should think it proper to issue such Proclamation) chearfully
contribute 125 Dollars to be paid to any Person or Persons who
shall discover and bring to Justice the Perpetrator or Perpetra
tors or Abettors of the said Malignant and dangerous act.
Ordered that Mr. Recorder be requested to wait on His Excel
lency the Governor and respectfully communicate to him the
aforegoing Resolution.
Extract from the Minutes. Rob't. Benson, Clk.

Washington's Itinerary During thb War.
Itinerary of General Washington, Commander-in-Chief of the
Armies of the United States, 15 June, 1775 to 1 January, 1784.
1775.
June 15 — at Philadelphia — chosen Commander in Chief.
16 — at Philadelphia in Congress — accepts his commission
in writing.
20 — at Philadelphia, reviews two thousand troops at the
Commons.
21 — leaves Philadelphia for Cambridge, Mass., to take
command of the army.

Public Papers op George Clinton. 397
1775.
June 24 — at New Brunswick, New Jersey.
24— at Newark, N. J.
25 — crossed the Hudson with Generals Schuyler and Lee
from Hoboken to Colonel Lispenard's in the
vicinity of the present Laight and Greenwich
streets. New York city.
26 — leaves New York for the Eastward; over night at
Kingsbrldge.
29— at Wethersfield, Conn.
30— at Hartford, Conn.
July 2 — at Watertown, Mass., received by Massachusetts
Provincial Congress — at Cambridge camp 2 P. M.
3 — 'at Cambridge, Mass. — ^takes command of the army.
5 — at Roxbury, Mass. — visited camp; accompanied by
Major General Lee.
6-31- — in camp at Cambridge.
Aug. 1-31 — in camp at Cambridge.
Sept. 1-30 — in camp at Cambridge.
Oct. 1-31 — in camp at Cambridge.
Nov. 1-30 — in camp at Cambridge.
Dec. 1-31 — in camp at Cambridge.
1776.
Jan. 1-31 — in camp at Cambridge.
Feb. 1-29 — in camp at Cambridge.
March 1-31 — im camp at Cambridge.
April 1-4 — at Cambridge.
4 — leaves Cambridge for New York.
5 — at Providence, R. I.
8 — ^at Norwich, Conn. Meets Governor Trumbull.

398 Public Papers of George Clinton.
1776.
April 9 — ^^at New London, Oonn. Meets Commodore Hopkins.
11 — at New Haven, Conn.
13 — arrives at New York, Saturday.
14-30— at New York.
May 1-20— at New York.
21 — leaves New York for Philadelphia.
22 — at Amboy, New Jersey.
24 — arrives at Philadelphia 2 p. m. ; Congress in session.
25-31 — at Philadelphia. (May 27 reviews the troops).
June 1-3 — at Philadelphia.
4 — ^returns to New York.
5-30— at New York.
July 1-31 — at headquarters New York.
Aug. 1-23 — ^at headquarters New York.
23 — crosses to the Long Island shore.
24-28— at New York.
25 — crosses to Long Island.
27 — battle of Long Island.
28-29 — constantly in' the saddle, effecting withdrawal of
his troops.
30 — recrosses East river to New York.
31— at New York.
Sept. 1 — over night at Harlem.
3-14 — headquarters at New York.
4 — at Kingsbrldge; dines with General Heath.
14 — at Harlem Heights, evening.
15 — at Harlem Heights.
16-21 — at Harlem Heights; Colonel Roger Morris' house
(Jumel Mansion).

Public Papers op George Clinton. 399
1776.
Sept. 22 — camp at Kingsbrldge. Harlem.
23-30— Heights of Harlem.
Oct. 1-8— Heights of Harlem.
9 — Kingsbrldge; Harlem Heights.
9-21— Harlem Heights.
22 — Mr. Valentine's, Kingsbrldge.
25— at White Plains.
27— at Battle of Chattertons Hill, White Plains.
28-31— at White Plains.
Nov. 1-10— at White Plains; at North Castle, New York.
11— at Peekskill.
11 — at Fort Montgomery; inspects Highland defences.
12 — at the Gorge in the Highlands with General Heath.
12 — crosses to the west bank of the Hudson.
13-15 — at Fort Lee, General Greene's headquarters.
16 — ^at Fort Lee. Views the battle of Fort Washington-
from the Palisades.
19 — at Hackinsack, New Jersey.
21 — at Hackinsack; at Aquackanonck Bridge.
24-27 — at Newark, New Jersey.
29-30 — at New Brunswick, New Jersey.
Dec. 1^ — at New Brunswick.
2 — at Princeton, New Jersey; at Trenton.
3-6— at Tremtom.
8 — at Mr. Berkeley's summer seat.
9-10— at Tremtom Falls.
10-11 — at Falls of the Delaware, South side.
12-13— at Trenton Falls.
14-17 — ^headquarters at Keith's, Bucks county, Penn.

400 Public Papers op George Clinton.
1776-1777.
Dec. 18 — ^in camp near Falls of Trenton.
20 — in camp above Trenton Palls.
21-22 — headquarters at Keith's.
23-24 — in camp above Trenton Falls.
25 — crosses the Delaware at McConkeys Ferry, now
Taylorville.
26— at battle of Trenton.
27-29— at Newtown.
29— at Bucks County.
30— at Trenton.
1777.
Jan. 2 — marches from Trenton.
3 — at battle of Princeton.
5 — at Pluckemin, New Jersey, on march.
7 — ^headquarters at Morristown, New Jersey.
7-22 — at Morristown.
23-31— at Middlebrook.
Feb. 1-28 — at Morristown.
Mar. 1-31— at Morristown.
April 1-30 — at Morristown.
May 1-25 — at Morristown..
26-27— at Bound Brook.
28 — at Morristown; at Bound Brook.
29-31— at Middlebrook.
June 1-24 — headquarters at Middlebrook.
25 — in camp at Quibbletown.
28-30 — in camp at Middlebrook.
July 1-3 — at Middlebrook.
4-10 — at Morristown.

Public Papers op George Clinton. 401
1777.
July 12-13 — ^at Pompton Plains, New Jersey.
15-20 — at the Clove, New Jersey, Headquarters Galloway's
log house.
21-22 — eleven miles in the Clove.
24 — near the Clove and at Ramapo, New Jersey.
25 — at Ramapo, three miles from the Clove.
29-31 — at Coryells Ferry on the Delaware.
Aug. 1 — at City tavern, Philadelphia. Chester, Penn in the
evening.
3 — at Philadelphia.
5 — in camp near Germantown, Penna.
11 — in camp Bucks County.
15-16 — in camp at Cross Roads, Penna.
19-21 — at Neshaminy Bridge.
22 — in camp at Cross Roads.
23 — encamped over night, five or six miles from Phila
delphia.
24 — the army marched through Philadelphia en route to
Wilmington, Delaware.
25-30— at Wilmington.
Sept. 1-6 — at Wilmington.
7_8 — at Newport, three or four miles beyond Wilmington.
9 — six miles from Wilmington — Evening at Chadds
Ford.
10— Chadds Ford.
11 — Battle of the Brandywine — At Chester at night.
13 — at Germantown.
15 — at Buck Tavern.
17 — at Yellow Springs.
19 — in camp at Parkers Ford, on the Schuylkill.
26

402 Public Papers of George Clinton.
1777-1778.
Sept. 20— in camp at Reading Furnace.
23— in camp near Pottsgrove, thirty-four miles from
Philadelphia.
26 — on the march.
28 — at Perkiomen Creek.
29 — at Pennypackers Mills.
Oct. 3 — in camp twenty miles from Philadelphia.
5_9 — in camp near Pennypackers Mills.
11 — at Skippack camp.
11 — at Toamensing.
15 — headquarters dated Philadielphia County.
16— at Peter Wintz's.
17 — at Matuchen Hill.
18 — headquarters dated Philadelphia County.
19^in camp twenty miles from Philadelphia.
25-27 — on the Skippack road.
27— headquarters dated Philadelphia County.
30 — headquarters fifteen miles from Philadelphia, near
Whitemarsh.
Nov. 1-30 — headquarters near Whitemarsh, twelve miles from
Philadelphia.
Dec. 1-13 — headquarters near Whitemarsh.
14-17 — near the Gulf Mill, near the Schuylkill.
17-31 — at Valley Forge, where headquarters remadmed until
June 19, 1778.
1778.
June 20 — On the march to Coryells Ferry, Penna.
21 — at Coryells Ferry, crossed to the New Jersey shore.
22 — headquarters near Coryells Perry.

Public Papers of George Clinton. 403
1778. >
June 23 — at John Hunt's, Hopewell township, near the Bap
tist Meeting House.
24 — at Hopewell, New Jersey.
25 — headquarters at Kingston, New Jersey.
26-27 — at Cranberry, New Jersey.
28 — at Englishtown, New Jersey, Battle of Monmouth.
29 — headquarters, Fairfield township, neiar Monmouth
Court House.
30 — at Englishtown.
July 1 — at Englishtown.
2-6 — at New Brunswick, New Jersey.
7 — in camp near New Brunswick.
11-14 — at Paramus, New Jersey.
15 — at Haverstraw, New York.
17 — at Haverstraw Bay.
19 — crossed to the East bank of the Hudson.
20 — arrived at White Plains.
21-31— at White Plains.
Aug. 1-31 — in camp at White Plains.
Sept. 1-16 — in camp at White Plains.
19— at Fort Clinton ; West Point.
19 — at Fishkill; visits Hospitals and stores.
23 — at Fredericksburg, New York.
Oct. 3-8--at Fishkill.
10-16 — at Fredericksburg.
20 — leaves Fishkill for Fredericksburg.
21-31 — at Fredericksburg.
Nov. 1-30 — at Fredericksburg.

404 Public Papers op George Clinton.
1778-1779.
Dec. 3-5 — at Elizabethtown, New Jersey.
5-8 — at Paramus.
8-11 — at Elizabethtown.
11-22 — at Middlebrook, or Morristown, where winter quar
ters were established.
23 — arrives at Philadelphia.
23-31— at Philadelphia.
1779.
Jan. 1-31 — at Philadelphia.
Feb. 2 — leaves Philadelphia for New Jersey.
5 — Returns to Middlebrook.
5-28— at Middlebrook.
March 1-31 — at Middlebrook.
April 1-30— at Middlebrook.
May 1-31 — at Middlebrook.
June 1-4 — at Middlebrook.
4 — at Morristown.
0 — at Ringwood Iron Works.
8— at West Point.
11 — at Smiths Clove.
21 — at West Point, with General Heath.
23-30 — headquarters at New Windsor.
July 1-14— at New Windsor.
15 — at Fort Montgomery.
16 — at New Windsor.
17— at Stony Point.
19— at West Point.
20 — at New Windsor.

Public Papers of George Clinton. 405
1779-1780.
July 21-31 — at West Point where headquarters were established
and maintained until the following December
when the army went into winter quarters.
Aug. 1-8— at West Point
9 — at Smith's Tavern, in the Clove.
10-31— at West Point
Sept 1-30— at West Point.
Oct. 1-31— at West Point.
Nov. 1-26— at West Point
29— at Peekskill.
30 — crosses the Hudson at the Kings Ferry for Morris
town.
Dec. 5 — At Morristown, New Jersey, where headquarters were
established and the army went into winter
quarters.
6-31 — at Morristown.
1780.
Jan. 1-31 — at Morristown.
Feb. 1-29 — at Morristown.
March 1-51 — ^at Morristown.
April 1-30 — at Morristown.
May 1-31 — at Morristown.
June 1-6 — at Morristown.
7 — at Chatham, New Jersey.
10 — at Heights above Springfield, New Jersey.
11-12— at Springfield.
13 — at Bryan's tavern.
13-21— at Springfield.
22 — at Bockaway Bridge, New Jersey.

406 Public Papers op George Clinton.
1780. I ^ \
June 25 — at Whippany.
27-30 — at Ramapo.
July 2 — at Preakness.
4 — headquarters at Hopper's, Bergen County, New
Jersey.
lO^headquarters dated near Passaic.
14 — headquarters at Hopper's, Bergen County.
19 — at Preakness.
20 — ^near Passaic. Headquarters at Col. Dey's.
22-27 — at Preakness.
30 — at Paramus.
30-31 — in the Highlands, headquarters at Col. Robinson's.
31 — overnight at Peekskill.
Aug. 1-6 — at Peekskill.
11 — at Orangetown.
13 — at Tappan.
16-21 — at Orangetown.
26 — ^headquarters in the vicinity of Fort Lee.
27 — headquarters near the Liberty Pole, Bergen County.
28-31 — Bergen County, New Jersey.
Sept. 1-14 — headquarters, Bergen County, Steenrapie.
15-17 — headquarters at New Bridge.
17 — left for Hartford, Conn.
18— at Peekskill.
20 — at Hartford ; interview with Rochambeau.
24— at Fishkill, New York.
25-28-— at Robinson's House, in the Highlands; discovers
Arnold's perfidy.
28 — at Tappan.
30 — at Tappan, approves death sentence of Major Andre.

Public Papers of George Clinton. 407
1780-1781.
Oct. 1 — at Tappan, in the evening orders, it was announced
that " Major Andre is to be executed tomorrow at
twelve o'clock precisely."
2-6— at Tappan.
7 — at Paramus.
8 — near Passaic Falls.
9 — ^at Totowa (Passaic Falls).
10 — at Bergen County, N. J.
11-15 — near Passaic Falls, Totowa.
16 — at Preakness.
17-31 — in camp at Passaic Falls.
Nov. 1 — in camp Passaic Falls.
2 — headquarters at Preakness.
3-26 — ^in camp at Passaic Falls.
27 — breaks camp at Passaic Falls.
28 — at Morristown.
29— at Morristown.
Dec. 6 — at New Windsor, New York.
6-8 — headquarters at New Windsor.
9-12— at West Point
13-29— at New Windsor.
30— at West Point.
1781.
Jan. 1-10 — at New Windsor.
11 — at West Point; holds Council of War on Pennsyl
vania line mutiny.
12-21— at New Windsor.
22 — at West Point with Lafayette.
26-27 — at Ringwood.

408 Public Papers op George Clinton.
1781.
Jan, 28-31— at New Windsor.
Feb. 1-28 — at New Windsor.
March 1— at New Windsor.
2 — left New Windsor for Newport, R. I., to meet
Rochambeau.
4 — ^passed through Hartford.
6 — arrived at Newport.
13 — left Newport.
17 — at Hartford, Conn.
20 — arrives at New Windsor.
20^31— at New Windsor.
April 1-3 — at New Windsor.
4— at West Point.
5-25 — ^at New Windsor.
26 — at West Point with Moms. Beville, quartermaster of
French army.
27-30 — at New Windsor.
May 1-8 — at New Windsor.
9— at West Point.
9-18 — at New Windsor.
18 — left for Wethersfield for conference with Rocham
beau.
18 — over night at Morgan's tavern, forty-three miles
from Fishkill Landing.
19 — Wethersfield at Joseph Webb's.
20-23 — at Wethersfield, Rochambeau's Headquarters.
24 — started for New Windsor; over night at Litchfield,
Conn.
25 — arrived headquarters, New Windsor, at sunset.

Public Papers of George Clinton. 409
1781.
May 26-31— at New Windsor. Headquarters.
June 1-24 — at New Windsor.
26-30 — headquarters at Peekskill.
July 1 — at Peekskill.
2 — leaves Peekskill at 3 A. M. with his staff; opens the
final campaign; halts at New Bridge over the
CrO'ton, nine miles from Peekskill, makes a recon-
noissance toward New York, arriving at Valen
tines Hill, Mile square, about sunrise of the third.
3 — at Valentines Hill.
3 — on reconnoissance.
4 — at camp, near Dobbs Ferry.
5 — at North Castle; visits the French army; dines with
Rochambeau.
6 — at manor of Philipsburg, headquarters at Jos. Apple
by's, on the Saw Mill Road " about two and one
half miles from HaimmOnd's."
6 — ^near Dobbs Ferry. Headquarters.
7 — headquarters at Thos. Tompkins, two and one half
miles " this side of Young's house on the direct
road."
10-18 — headquarters near Dobbs Ferry.
18 — crossed to west bank of Hudson on reoonmoissance
to Fort Lee.
20 — began the movement from Dobbs Ferry to Kings-
bridge.
21 — at Dobbs Ferry; over night at Kingsbridge.
22r— reconnoitering at Kingsbridge.

410 Public Papers of George Clinton.
1781.
July 23 — reconnoitering to Throgs Neck — returned to Dobbs
Perry by midnight.
23-31 — headquarters at Dobbs Ferry.
Aug. 1-4 — headquarters at Dobbs Ferry.
5 — reconnoiters toward Kingsbridge.
17 — in camp at Philipsburg. Dobbs Ferry.
19 — leaves Dobbs Ferry for Virginia.
20 — crossed to the west bank of the Hudson at Kings
Ferry, at Col. Hay's.
21 — at Kings Ferry.
2.3 — at West Point with Rochambeau.
26 — at Ramapo.
27— at Chatham.
29— at Trenton.
31— at Philadelphia.
Sept 2— at Philadelphia.
6— at Head of Elk.
8 — at Baltimore.
9 — at Baltimore — over night at Mount Vernon.
10-12 — at Mount Vernon.
15 — at Williamsburg.
17— starts out to interview Count de Grasse aboard the
Ville de Paris.
18 — aboard French man of war Ville de Paris.
22 — returns to Williamsburg.
23-28— at Williamsburg.
28-30 — at headquarters near Yorktown.
Oct. 1-18 — near Yorktown.
19 — near Yorktown. Surrender of Cornwallis.

Public Papers op George Clinton. 411
1781-1782.
Oct. 20-31 — headquarters near Yorktown.
Nov. 1-5 — headquarters near Yorktown.
5 — at Eltham, summoned to the death-bed of John
Parke Custis.
6-11— at Eltham.
13-19 — at Mount Vernon.
22 — at Annapolis.
27 — arrives at Philadelphia.
28-30— at Philadelphia.
Dec. 1-31 — at Philadelphia.
1782.
Jan. 1-31 — headquarters at Philadelphia.
Feb. 1-28 — headquarters at Philadelphia.
Mar. 1-23 — headquarters at Philadelphia.
28 — at Morristown, N. J.
31 — arrives at Newburgh.
April 1-30 — ^headquarters at Newburgh.
6 — visits West Point.
9 — visits West Point.
May 1-11 — at Newburgh. , .
12 — at Highlands.
13-29— at Newburgh.
30 — at Highlands; orders celebration of Dauphin's
birthday;
31 — at West -Point; celebration of Dauphin's birthday;
on the Parade with Mrs. Washington.
June 1-24 — at Newburgh.
24 — starts on a tour to visit the Northern Posts at
Albany, Schenectady, and the Saratoga battlefield.

412 Public Papers op George Clinton.
1782-1783.
July 9— returns to Newburgh from his northern trip, hav
ing travelled 750 miles in fifteen days.
12 — leaves Newburgh for Philadelphia.
14 — arrives at Philadelphia.
Aug. 6-31 — at Newburgh.
31 — army moves from Newburgh to Verplancks Point.
Sept. 1-30 — headquarters at Verplancks Point.
Oct. 1-31 — headquarters at Verplancks Point.
Nov. 1-13^ — headquarters at Verplancks Point.
14-30 — headquarters at Newburgh, army in winter quarters
at New Windsor, Nov. 28.
Dec. 1-31 — ^at Newburgh.
1783.
Jan. 1-31 — headquarters at Newburgh.
Feb. 1-28 — ^headquarters at Newburgh.
Mar. 1-31 — headquarters at Newburgh.
April 1-17 — at Newburgh.
18 — at Newburgh, issues address on cessation of hos
tilities.
20 — at Ringwood ; conference with the Secretary of War.
21-30— at Newburgh.
May 3 — at Dobbs Ferry, with Governor George Clinton, to
meet Sir Guy Carleton.
6 — at Orangetown ; conference between George Clinton,
Egbert Benson, John Morin Scott, Jonathan
Trumbull, jr., Washington and Sir Guy Carleton.
9 — at Newburgh. Headquarters.
15 — at Poughkeepsie,

Public Papers op GeorgiS Clinton. 413
1783.
June 1-7 — at Newburgh. Headquarters; replies to address of
Generals.
8 — at Newburgh, issues circular letter to States advo
cating disbandment of army.
8-30— at Newburgh.
July 1-16 — headquarters at Newburgh.
Aug. 4 — at Albany.
5-12 — at Newburgh.
18 — leaves Newburgh for Princeton.
19— at West Point.
26 — at Princeton; addresses Congress.
31— at Rocky Hill.
Sept. l-30--at Rocky Hill.
Oct. 1-10— at Rocky Hill.
12 — at Princeton.
16-31— at Rocky Hill.
Nor. 1-2 — at Rocky Hill, issues farewell orders to the armies
of the United States.
18— at West Point.
22^at Harlem.
25 — at New York; enters with the army; dines with
Governor Clinton; the British evacuate.
Dec. 2 — ^at New York.
4 — Farewell to officers at Fraunces' Tavern at noon;
leaves New York for Annapolis.
10 — at Philadelphia.
20 — arrives at Annapolis; Congress in session.
23 — resigns his commission to Congress and addresses
Congress,

414 Public Papers of George Clinton.
Washington's Headquarters During the Revolution.
The Vassall House, Cambridge, Mass. [1775-76].— On the 8th
July 1775, the Committee of Safety of the Provisional Congress
of Massachusetts directed by resolution " that the house of Mr.
John Vassall ordered by Congress for the residence of His Excel
lency General Washington should be immediately put in such
condition as may make it convenient for that purpose." These
quarters he retained until he left Cambridge for New York, April
4th, 1776. This was later known as the Craigie house, and is
now known as the homestead of the poet Longfellow.
The Mortier House, New York City [1776]. — In the summer of
1776 the presence of Mrs. Washington, and the unhealthy con
dition of the City of New York, induced the Commander-in-Chief
to change his headquarters from the Broadway to this salubrious
situation. The house, one of the most comfortable colonial resi
dences, stood on the spot since the southeast corner of Varick
and Charlton streets. It was later known as Richmond Hill,
and the residence of Col. Burr, who served in 1776 on Washing
ton's staff as major. From this spot Burr proceeded to Weehaw-
ken to fight the deadly duel with Hamilton. Its last days were
devoted as a theatre. It was destroyed in the early forties.
The Roger Morris House, Harlem Heights, N. Y. [1776]. —
Another famous colonial residence. The army headquarters were
here from the time of the retreat from Long Island in September
until the final evacuation of the Island of New York in October,
1776. The house was later the residence of Madame Jumel, who
married Aaron Burr, and was for many years in the occupation
of her descendants. Subsequently it was the residence of Gen
eral Ferdinand P. Earle. In 1903 it was purchased by the City
of New York.

Public Papers of George Clinton. 415
/
The Miller House, White Plains, Westchester County, N. Y.
[1776].— During and after the fight at Chalttertons Hill, Wash
ington had his headquarters in the house now standing, and
until recently in the occupation of the Miller family, by which
name it is still known.
The Ford House, Morristown, New Jersey [1777 and 1779-80] .—
This house, during the revolution occasionally occupied as the
headquarters of the army, and the residence of the General and
Mrs. Washington in the severe winter of 1779-80, was the home
stead of Col. Jacob Ford, who commanded a regiment in the New
Jersey Militia; it remained in the possession of the family until
its purchase ' in 1873 by Governor Randolph of New Jersey,
together with Messrs. Halsey, Halstead and Lidgerwood, who
have since transferred it to the State, to be forever preserved.
It is familiarly known by the name of the " Old Headquarters."
The Pompton Headquarters, Pompton, New Jersey [1777]. —
Tradition reports that Washington had his headquarters in a
little frame house, on the banks of the Wynockie, which stands
at the bend of a road leading from the Ryerson Furnace to the
Passaic County Hotel. It is opposite to a more imposing struc
ture known as the Ryerson House. During the revolution it
belonged to Capt. Arent Schuyler. It was occupied from 1783 to
1815 by Judge M. S. Ryerson and by his descendants till 1870,
when it passed into the possession of Miss Harriet Mills.
The Elmar House, Whitemarsh, Pennsylvania [1777] . — Mr. Loss-
ing, in his Field-book of the Revolution, describes this building
as " standing upon the edge of a wet meadow at the head of a
fine valley, and as a sort of baronial hall in size and character,
where Elmar, its wealthy owner, dispensed hospitality to all who
came under its roof,"

416 Public Papers op George Clinton.
Ring's House at Chadds Ford, Delaware County, Penn. [1777].
— It was at this house, then the residence of Benjamin Ring,
that Washington established the temporary headquarters from
which he directed the battle of the Brandywine.
The Potts House, Valley Forge, Penn. [1777-8]. — This historic
building remains in excellent preservation. It was built in the
middle of the last century by John Potts of Pottsdam, Penn.,
and left by him to his son Isaac Potts, who sold it in 1805 to
Joseph Paul, who in 1826 sold it to James Jones, in whose family
possession it still remains. The sufferings of the army and the
anxiety of the Commander-in-Chief at this period are familiar
to all, but held in most vivid memory by the inhabitants of the
valley. Col. Brinckerhoff's Fishkill Village, N. Y. [1778].— This house
wsus a famous stopping place for travellers on the road between
the Eastern and Middle States. Col. Brinckerhoff, like many
others, served the army in the field while his family entertained
the patriots at their homes ; this in no way impairing their per
sonal importance.
The Hopper House, Bergen County, N. J. [1780]. — It was at
this house, the residence of Andrew Hopper, a noted character of
the revolution, and it is said a trusted spy of Washington, that
the numerous letters and general orders, dated at Bergen County,
were written by the Commander-in-Chief. The house is still
standing, but so altered as to be no longer recognizable. After
the death of Hopper the house passed into the hands of the Hege-
man family, with which he was intermarried.
The Beverly Robinson House, im the Highlamds, mow Garrisom,
N. Y. [1780].— This building, familiarly called in the records of
the revolution Col. Robinson's was th^ ppnststnt stopping place of ^

Public Papers op George Clinton. 417
the General when he crossed the river from his West Point Head
quarters. Its owner was implicated in the treasonable plot of
Arnold, whose headquarters were in this house at the time of his
defection.* The Birdsall House, Peekskill, N. Y. [1780-81].— This old man
sion is one of the first buildings erected in the village, settled in
1764. It was a favorite tavern, and repeatedly visited by the offi
cers during the period when the allied armies under Washington
and Rochambeau menaced the English positions in and about New
York. It stands on the old post road. Near by are yet seen the
remains of the old fort which crowned this elevated position, at
the mouth of the. Highland gorge.
The Tappan Headquarters, Tappan, N. Y. [1780]. — ^A special
interest attaches to this spot, because of its connection with the
story of the unfortunate Andre. It was here that Washington
issued the fatal warrant which condemned him to an ignominious
"death. It is situated near the road from Sneeden's Landing,
within a few feet of the main street of the village. It was during
the revolution the property of John de Windt, a native of the West
Indies, from whom it passed to his granddaughter, who was
married to Samuel S. Verbryck.
Joshua Hett Smith's House, Haverstraw, N. Y. [1781].— 'Claude
Blanchard, Commissary of the French auxiliary army under
Rochambeau, in his journal from 1780-83, relates that on the 21st
of August, 1781, he took tea with General Washington at " Smith's
House, famous from the fact that there Andre and Arnold held
their meeting." The Continental army was then in motion upon
•For particulars relating to the treason of Benedict Arnold and the Robinson house,
see published papers of George Clinton, Volume II, pages 724-728, footnote, and'
Volume VI, pages 256-264, Including footnotes.— State Historian.
27

418 Public Papers op George Clinton.
the well devised expedition which ended in the capture of Corn
wallis. This house was owned during the revolution by Joshua Hett
Smith. It is beautifully situated on the ridge of a hill which com
mands an extensive view of the river, and overlooks the inter
vening points which jut out into it in the most picturesque
manner. It was off one of these, known as Grassy Point, that the
Vulture lay when the guns of the Continental artillery under
Livingston drove her from her anchorage. She dropped down the
stream, leaving Andre on shore in conference with Arnold. His
guide declined to run the risk of escorting Andre down, he passed
the night with Smith, who had been his companion in the con
ference. And it was in the upper room of Smith's house that
Andre committed the fatal imprudence of exchanging the English
uniform he ha,d up to that time worn for the clothing of a country
man. Prom the Smiths the house passed into the hands of a family
named Nicoll, from them to one Haussman, and later into the oc
cupancy of Adam Lilburn. It is one of the most beautiful situa
tions on the Hudson, commanding a landscape unrivalled in ex
tent, variety and charm.
The Hasbrouck House, Newburg, N. Y. [1782-83] .—This old
building was erected by the Hasbroucks between 1750 and 1770,
the dates of the additions to the original structure being cut upon
the walls. In the year 1817, by an act of Legislature, it became
the property of the State of New York, and in 1850 was placed in
the care of the Trustees of the Village of Newburgh, and forever
set aside as an historic mansion.
Washington made his headquarters here from the spring of 1782
until the summer of the next year. Mrs. Washington passed a

Public Papers op George Clinton. 419
part of this period with him. * * * ^Magazine of American
History.

Houses Visited by Washington During the Revolution.
The Shaw House, New London [1776] . — Washington stopped at
New London on his way from Cambridge to New York, and held
an interview with Commodore Hopkins. He slept the night of
April 9 at the house of Nathaniel Shaw.
Col. Morehouse's Tavern, Pawling, now Dover, Dutohess
County, N. Y. [1778].— On the highway from Fishkill to Hart
ford — a celebrated stopping place for the officers.
Van Cortlandt House, near Yonkers, N. Y. [1781]. — Here Wash
ington dined in July 1781, on the occasion of a reconnoissance
towards New York.
Rocky Hill, Somerset County, N. J. [1783] . — Washington wrote
his Farewell Address here.
Van Brugh Livingston House, Dobbs Ferry, N. Y. [1783]. —
Place of conference of Washington and Gov. Clinton with Sir Guy
Carleton. Day's Tavern, Harlem, New York [1783]. — Opposite the Point
of rocks at the junction of the Harlem land Kingsbridge roads.
Washington stopped here on his entrance to the city in November
of this year.
Fraunces' Tavern, New York [1783] .—Corner of Pearl and
Broad streets. Place of Farewell to his Officers. — Magazine of
American History.
THE END.

INDEX
TO INTRODUCTION

A. PAGE
ABEEL, JOHN, dealeHn an
chors  xxxvi
Abeel, John, Salter  xxxvi
Abeel, Garrett, Salter  xxxvi
Abeel and Byvanck, hard
ware dealers  xxxvi
Ackland, Mr.  , country-
seat of  xxix
Agar, Edward, dealer in
drugs  xxxiv
Allicocke, John, dealer In
wines, etc  xxxiv
Allyn, Mr.  , mentioned. . xx
America, mentioned  xii, xxv
New York city head
quarters of English
army in  xxxvii
American company, Cele
brated, mentioned  xx
American history, mentioned xxxvii
American Revolution, first
blood of, shed in battle of
Golden Hill  xx
Atlantic Garden, mentioned. xii
Attorney street, mentioned. . xxix
B.
BACHE, THEOPHILACT,
dealer in dry goods  xxxiv
Ball, George, crockery store
of  xxxvi
Bancker, Richard, dealer in
dry goods  xxxiv
Baptist church. First, men
tioned  xix, xxi
Barclay street, mentioned.. .
xxii, xxv
Battery, mentioned  vill, ix
Bayard, Nicholas, country
residence of  xxvi
Bayard, Colonel William,
residence of  xxvii
Bayard street, mentioned. . . .
XXX, xxxvi
Bayard's lane, mentioned  xxx
Beau's Stratagem, Farquhar's
comedy  xx
Beaver lane, now Morris
street  xii, xiii

PAGE
Beaver street, mentioned  xiii
Beekman, Mr.  , country-
seat of  xxviii
Beekman, William, merchant xxxv
Beekman slip, mentioned. . . . xxxii
Beekman street, mentioned. .
xxiv, xxxii
Bethune street, mentioned. . . xxvii
Bible and Crown, theatre
tickets for sale at  xx
Bishop, Wolfe and, men
tioned  xxi
Bleecker street, mentioned. . xxvii
Booth, Benjamin, dealer in xiii
general merchandise  xxxvi
Boston, Massachusetts, men
tioned  XX, xxii, xxiv
Boston road, mentioned. ....
xxviii, xxix
Bowery, mentioned  xxii xxx
Bowery lane, mentioned  xxvii
xxviii, xxix, xxx, xxxi
Bowery Theatre, mentioned. xxx
Bowling Green, mentioned.. . viii
ix, X, xii, xiii
Bowne and Rickman, dealers
in goods of every char
acter  xxxlil
Breese and Huffman, dealers
in dry goods, etc  xxxiv
Brick church, meeting-house,
mentioned  xxiv
Brinckerhoff, Dirck, hard
ware dealer  xxxv
Brinckerhoff, Joris, dealer in
general merchandise  xxxv
British Troops, mentioned. . . xxiii
Broad street, mentioned  xill
xxxv, xxxvii
Broadbelt, Mr.  . men
tioned  XX
Broadway, mentioned ...vil, Ix
X, xii. xiii. xiv, xv, xvi
xvii, xix, XX, xxi, xxU, xxiv
xxvi, xxxiv
Brooklyn, Long Island, men
tioned  xxxiii
Broom, Samuel, and com
pany, dealers in hardware,
etc  xxxiv

422

Index to Introduction.

PAGE
Broome street, mentioned... xxi
xxvii, xxx
Brower, Jeremiah, grocery
of  xxxii
Bruff, Charles Oliver, jewel
ler's store of  xxxiii
Buchanan, Walter and
Thomas, and company,
dealers in dry goods, etc. . xxxiii
Bulls. Head tavern, men
tioned  xxx, xxxi
Burling, John and Thomas,
mercantile establishment
of  xxxvii
Burling slip, mentioned., .xx, xxxii
Burns, George, mentioned... xi
Burr, Colonel Aaron, men
tioned  xxvii
Byvanck, Mr. Peter, country-
seat of  xxix
Byvanck, Abeel and, hard
ware dealers  xxxvi
C.
CANAL STREET, mentioned xxvi
Canal street, formerly St.
Nicholas street  xxx
Capitol, of Province, men
tioned  XV
Carmer, Nicholas, proprietor
of Cross-Handsaws  xxxiii
Catherine street, men
tioned  xxxi, xxxii
Cedar street, formerly Little
street  xvi, xvii
Cedar street, formerly Little
Queen street  xvi, xxxiii
Centre street, mentioned. . . . xxvi
Chambers street, men
tioned  Ix, xxv
Chapel street, now West
Broadway  xxii
Charles street, mentioned. . . xxvii
Charlton street, mentioned. . xxvii
Chatham square, men
tioned  xxx, xxxi
Chatham street, mentioned . . xxii
Cheer, Miss  , mentioned . xx
Chelsea, residence of Colonel
Thomas Clarke  xxvii
Cherry street, mentioned  xxxi
Church street, men-
tioned  xxii, xxvi
City Arms tavern, men
tioned  xi, xii
City Hall, mentioned . . . .xv, xxiv
now Custom hous?e  xxxiv
City Hall park, mentioned. . xviii
Clarke, Georee, junior, Prov
incial secretary, office of. . x
Cl.nrke, Colonel Thomas,
Chelsea, residence of  xxvll

PAGE
Clarkson and Sebring, deal
ers in general merchandise xxxv
Cliff street, mentioned, .xxi, xxxii
Clinton, General Sir Henry,
mentioned  xxviii
Coenties Market, mentioned, xxxvi
Coenties slip, mentioned, xxxvi, xxxvii
Colden, Lieutenant Governor
Cadwallader, mentioned, xxiii, xxxv
effigy of  ; . . . xii
Coley, Mr.  , silversmith, xxxiv
Collect, mentioned  xxvi
Collect, Little, mentioned... xxvi
Colonial Council, mentioned, xxxv
Colonial court house, men
tioned  XV
Columbia college, formerly
King's college  xxii
Colvil, Elizabeth, milliner
and dealer in dry goods. . . xxxiv
Committee of Correspond
ence, appointed  xi
Committee of One Hundred,
mentioned  xxxiv, xxxvi
Commons, The, now the Park,
mentioned. .. .viii, ix, xxii, xxiv
xxvi, xxxi, xxxii
Congress, First Federal, men
tioned  XV
Conover, Mr.  , dry goods
stores of  xvii
Copsey Battery, mentioned. . xxiii
Corlears Hook, mentioned. . . xxix
Cornbury. Lord, mentioned. xvi
Correspondence, Committee
of, appointed  xl
Cortlandt (Courtlandt)
street, mentioned  xix, xxxvii
County jail, mentioned  xv
Cox, Joseph, dealer in up
holstery goods  xxxly
Cregier, Jolm, mentioned .... xxii
Cregier, Martin, mentioned. xxii
Crossle, George, mentioned . . xii
Crown street, now Liberty
street, mentioned  xvii, xviii
Crugers wharf, now Front
street  xxxvi, xxxvii
Cunninp'hn''-' James, provost
marshal, noted for cruelty
to American prisoners.... xxiv
Cunningham, Grey and Com
pany, dealers in dry goods,
etc  xxxvi
Curtenius, Peter T., hard
ware store of  xvii
Custom house, formerly City
Hall, now Sub-treasury, XV, xxxiv
Cuyler, Henry, sugar dealer, xxxv

Index to Introduction.

423

D. PAGE
DAWSON, HENRY B. In
troduction to New York_^
city during the Revolution,
by  vii-xxxvii
Dawson, John, goldsmiths
shop of  xxxvi
Debtors' Jail, mentioned  xv
Declaration of Independence,
mentioned  xxxiii
Degrushe, Mr.  , country-
seat of  xxx
DeLancey, Lieutenant Gov
ernor James, mentioned. . . xvi
residence of  xxix
DeLancey, Oliver, brigadier
general in the Royal serv
ice  xxvii
DeLancey street, mentioned. xxix
Desbrosses family, distillery
of  xxxii
Dey street, mentioned. . .xix, xxi
Division street, mentioned. . . xxx
¦ Dock street, mentioned, xxviii, xxxv
Dongan, Governor Thomas,
mentioned  xiv
Douglass, Mr.  . men
tioned  XX
Douglass, Mrs.  , men
tioned  XX
Duane, James, country-seat
of  xxviii
Duane street, mentioned . vil, xxvi
Duryee, Abram, dealer in dry
goods, etc  xxxiv
Du St. Esprit, Huguenot
church  xvi
Dutch church, mentioned, xiii, xviii
Dutch street, mentioned  xxii
Duyckinck, Gerardus, pro
prietor of the universal
store  xxxv
Dyckman, Mr.  , country-
seat of  xxix
E.
EAST RIVER, mentioned,
xiv, xvi, xix, xxviii
xxxi, xxxvi
East Seventeenth street,
mentioned  xxix
East Eishteenth street men
tioned  xxviii
East Nineteenth street, men
tioned  xxxiv
East Twenty-third street,
mentioned  ¦¦ ¦ xxviii
Eighth avenue, mentioned . . xxviii
Eighth street, mentioned . . . xxix
Elizabeth street, mentioned, xxi, xxx

PAGE
Elphinstone, W., schoolhouse
of  xiii
English school, mentioned. . . xiii
Ernest, John, dealer in gen
eral merchandise  xxxv
Europe, mentioned  xxv
Exchange, mentioned  xxxv
Exchange alley, mentioned. . xiii
Exchange place, formerly
Garden street and Verlat-
tenberg (Flatten-Barrack)
street  xiii
F.
FAIR STREET, now Fulton
street, mentioned, xix, xxi, xxii
Faneuil Hall, mentioned  xi
Farquhar's comedy. Beau's
Stratagem  xx
Farquharson, James, dry-
goods store of  xxxii
Federal congress, First, men
tioned  XV
Ferguson, Clementina and
Jane, school-house of  xxxvi
Fifth avenue, mentioned.... xv
Fiftieth street, mentioned. . . xxviii
First avenue, mentioned, xxviii, xxix
First Federal congress, men
tioned  XV
First Presbvterian church,
meeting house, Jersey City xv
Fish market, mentioned. . . . xxxvi
Five Points, mentioned.  xxvi
Flatten-Barrack (Verlatten-
berg) street, now Ex
change place  xiii
Fletcher, Governor Benja
min, mentioned  xiv
Fly, known as Queen street, '
now Pearl street  xx, xxxi
Fly Market, now Maiden
lane, mentioned. . .xix, xx, xxxiii
Forbes, Gilbert, hardware
stores of  xvii
Fort George, mentioned  x
xxiii, xxxv
Sketch of  viii
Fourth avenue, mentioned. . xxviii
Fourth street, mentioned. . . xxvii
Frankfort street, mentioned. xxv
Franklin, Walter, mercantile
establishment of  xxxii
Franklin square, formerly
Queen street and St.
George's square  x, xxxi
Fraunces, Samuel, known as
"Black Sam"  xxv
Friends' Society, meeting
house of  xvii

424

Index to Introduction.

PAGE
Front street, formerly Cru
gers wharf  xxxvi, xxxvii
Fulton street, formerly Fair
and Partition street  xix
xxi, xxii
Fursyth, Robert, mentioned. xii
G.
QAQE.QENERAL THOMAS
commander - In - chief of
British forces.  xxxvii
Gaine, Hugh, publisher and
bookseller  xxxiv
Ganno, Reverend John, men
tioned  xxi
Garden street, now Exchange
place  xiii
Garrick's Lethe, mentioned . . xx
General Assembly, mentioned xxxv
George III, mentioned. .. .x, xxiii
German Reformed church,
meeting house of  xxi
Glen and Gregory, dealers in
dry goods, etc  xxxiv
Goelet, Peter  xxxiv
Goelet, Peter, member of the
Committee of One Hun
dred  xxxiv
Gold street, formerly Rut
gers Hill and Vandercliff
street  xxi
Golden Hill, battle of, first
blood of American Revolu
tion shed in  xx
Golden Hill, now John
street  xx, xxi
Gosling, Leonard, restaurant
of  xxi
Gouverneur slip, mentioned. xxx
Gramercy Park, mentioned . . xxviii
Grand street, mentioned, xxvi, xxix
Great Britain, mentioned ... xi
Great fires in New York,
-^^W  xiv
December, 1835  xiii
Greenwich, road to, men
tioned  xxvii
Greenwich street, mentioned, xvi, xxvii
Gregory, Glen and, dealers
in dry goods, etc  xxxiv
Grey, Cunningham and Com
pany, dealers In dry goods,
_, ^.tc  xxxvi
Grim, David, proprietor of
Three Tuns  xxii
H.
HALE, NATHAN, martyr
spy  xxviii
Hiill of Records, mentioned. xxiv

PAGE
Hallam, Miss.  , men
tioned  XX
Hallam, Mr.  , mentioned xx
Hallam, Mrs.  , men
tioned  XX
Hammersley, John, and Com
pany, merchants  xxxvi
Hanover square, mentioned. . xx
xxxi, xxxiv, xxxv
Harman, Mrs.  , men
tioned  XX
Harrison, George, residence ^
of  xxvii
Harrison street, mentioned. . xxvii
Hayes, Mr.  , mentioned. xx
Headquarters of English
army In America, at New
York city  xxxvii
Henry, Mr.  , mentioned. xx
Hermitage, residence of John
Morin Scott  xxviii
Herrin, Mr.  , country-
seat of. . . . r  xxix
Hester street, mentioned. . . . xxx
Horatio street, mentioned... xxvii
Howe, General William,
headquarters of  xxviii
Hudson River Railroad com
pany, freight-depot  xii
Huffman, Breese and, deal
ers in dry goods, etc  xxxiv
Huguenot church, Du St. Es
prit  xvi
Hunters quay, mentioned  xxxvi

INDEPENDENCE, Declara
tion of, mentioned  vii, xxxiii
J.
JAMES, HAJOR THOMAS,
Royal regiment of artillery xxv
James street, mentioned, xxxi, xxxii
Jauncey, James, residence of. xxvii
Jersey City, New Jersey,
mentioned  xv, xix
John street, mentioned . . xix, xxi
John street, formerly Golden
Hill  XX, xxi
Johnson, Sir John, mentioned x
Jones. Mr. Thomas, country-
seat. Mount Pitt  xxix
K.
KENNEDY, CAPT. ARCHI=
BALD, of Royal Navy, resi
dence of  X
Kern, Reverend John
Michael, mentioned  xxi

Index to Introduction.

425

PAGE
Keteltas, J., country-seat of. xxviii
King street, now Pine sti-eet. xv
xvi, xxxiii
King street, Boston, massacre
in  XX
King George street, now
North William street  xxv
King's Arms tavern, men
tioned  xii, xvi
King's college, now Columbia
college  xxii
King's wharf, mentioned. . . . xix
Kip, Mr.  , boarding-
house of  xvii
Knapp, John Coggill, notori
ous pettifogger  xxxvi
Knickerbockers, opposed to
English preaching  xviii
L.
LAIDLIE, REV. DOCTOR
ARCHIBALD, preached
sermon in English lan
guage  xviii
Laight, Edward, hardware
dealer  xxxi
Laight street, mentioned. . . . xxvii
Lamb, John, mentioned  xxxii
L'Enfant, Major  , men
tioned  XV
Le Roy, Jacob, establishment
of  xxxii
Lexington, affair at, men
tioned  XX
Liberty, Sons of, mentioned, xxxiv
Meeting of  xxxii
Liberty poles. In New York. . xxiii
xxiv, xxxii
( See published papers of
George Clinton, vol. I,
pages 48-54.)
Liberty street, formerly -
Crown street  xvii
Lispenard, Leonard, resi
dence of. .¦  xxvii
Little Collect, mentioned. . . . xxvi
Little Dock, now Water
street  xxxvi
Little Queen street, now
Cedar street  xvi, xxxiii
Little street, now Cedar
street  xvi, xvii
Livingston, John, residence
of  xxxvi
Livingston, Philip, signer of
the Declaration of Inde
pendence in Iff 6  xxxiii
Livingston. Chancellor Rob
ert R., residence ofr  xi .
Livingstons, gloomy sugar
house of  xvlll

PAGE
Loudon, Samuel, patriotic
printer of New York
Packet  xxxvi
Ship chandlerv of  xxxvi
Long Island ferry, men
tioned  xix
Low, Isaac, president of the
Committee of One Hun
dred  xxxvi
Lutheran church, mentioned. xiii
M.
HAIDEN LANE, formerly
Fly Market, mentioned...
xvii, xviii, xix, xx, xxi, xxxiii
Malcolm, William, early ves
tryman of Trinity church, xxxiii
Malone, Mr.  , mentioned xx
Mason, Reverend Doctor
John, mentioned  xvi
McDavitt,  , auctioneer. . xxxiii
McEvers, James, stamp-mas
ter of l^GB  xxxiv
McLean and Treat, dealers
in drugs and medicines. . . . xxxiv
Mercier, Abraham, hardware
dealer  xxxvii
Methodist church. First, men
tioned  xix
Middle Dutch church, men
tioned  xviii
Miller, Mr.  , tavern of . . xvii
Montgomery street, men
tioned  xxx
Moore, Bishop, mentioned . . . xxvii
Moore, Sir Henry, mentioned xxiii
Moravian church, meeting
house of.  xxii
Morris street, formerly
Beaver lane  xii
Mortier, Abraham, owner of
famous Mortier House or
Richmond Hill  . xxvii
Morton, John, dealer in gen
eral merchandise  xxxv
Mott street, formerly Winne
street  xxx
Mount Pitt, country-seat of
Mr. Jones  xxix
Mulberry street, formerly
Ryndert street  xxx
Municipal court-house, men
tioned  XV
Murray, George, select
school-house of  xvll, xviii
Murray, Robert, the Friend,
mansion of  xxviii
Murray, Lady Robert, de
tains British officers at
lunch  xxviii

426

Index to Introduction.

PAGE
Murray street, mentioned. . . xxii
Mutual Life Insurance build
ing mentioned  xviii
N.
NASSAU STREET, men=
tioned. .xv, xvi, xviii, xxi, xxiv
New Scots' church, men
tioned  xvi
New York city, mentioned. x, xii
xiv, xxii, xxiii, xxv, xxviii
xxxi, xxxiii, xxxiv, xxxvii
Description of  vii-xxxvii
Great fire in, 1776  xiv
Great fire In, December,
1835  xiii
Headquarters of English
army in America  xxxvii
Merchants of, first overt
act of rebellion com
mitted by  xi
In 1767, little to admire
in plan of  ix
Only one theatre in  xx
Mercury, newspaper .... xx
Packet, printed by Sam
uel Loudon  xxxvi
Tea ship In 1773, con
signed to Walter and
Thomas Buchanan and
company  xxxiii
Times, newspaper, men
tioned  xxiv
Ninth avenue, mentioned. . . .
xxvii, xxviii
North Dutch church, men
tioned  xxii
North river, mentioned, .xiii, xvi
xvii, xix, xxi
xxvi, xxvii, xxxvii
North William street, for
merly King George street. xxv
O.
OLD SLIP, mentioned 
xxxvi, xxxvii
Old Slip Market, mentioned, xxxv
Old Tree house, mentioned . . xxxi
Oliver street, mentioned. . . .
xxxi, xxxii
Oriskany, battle of, men
tioned  X
Oswego market, mentioned. . xvii
P.
PARK, formerly Commons.. xxiii
Park Place, formerly Robin
son street  .'. xxii
Pnrk Row, mentioned  xxii
Partition street, now Fulton
street  xix, xxi, xxii

PAGE
Pearl street (Queen street),
formerly The Fly, men
tioned  viii, X, XX, xxi, xxiv
xxvi, xxxii, xxxv, xxxvi
Peck Slip, mentioned  xxxii
Pell street, mentioned  xxxi
Perry, T. and M., watch
makers and jewelers' shop, xxxii
Perry street, mentioned  xxvii
Peters and Rapelje, grocery
of  xxxiii
Pickering, Sir Edward, baro
net, residence of.  xiii
Pine street, formerly King
street  xv, xvi, xxxlil
Pitt, William, mentioned... xxiii
Poor-house, mentioned  xxiv
Potter-bakers' hill, men
tioned  xviii
Powder-house, situation of. . xxvi
Powles Hook, now Jersey
City  xix
Ferry, mentioned  xxxvii
Presbyterian church, meet
ing-house of  XV, xxiv
Presbyterian church. First,
meeting-house, Jersey City xv
Prison, mentioned  xxiv
Provincial council, mentioned x
Provincial governor, resi
dence of  vlll
Q.
QUEEN STREET, Pearl
street, also known as the
Fly, now Franklin square. X, xxxi
xxxii, xxxiii, xxxiv
R.
RAHADQE, SMITH, dealer
in goods of every character xxxiii
Ranelagh, noted place of re
sort  xxvi
Rapelje, Mr.  .importer
of merchandise  xxxlil
Rapelje, Peters and, grocery
of  xxxiii
Rebellion, flrst overt act of,
committed by principal
merchants of New York
city  xi
Records, Hall of, mentioned. xxiv
Rector sti-eet, mentioned  xiii
Remsen, Henry, junior, and
company, dealers in dry
goods  xxxiv
Revenue department, men-
tiOTT-.='  Jj.y
Revolution, American, men
tioned  vil, xii, xxxvii

Index to Introduction.

427

PAGE
Revolutionary war, men
tioned, .vil, xvii, xxiv, xxv, xxxvii
Richmond Hill, or Mortier
House, residence of Gen
eral Washington and
Aaron Burr  xxvii
Rickman, Bowne and, deal
ers in goods of every char
acter  xxxiii
Rivington, James, publisher
and bookseller  xxxiv
Robertson, General James,
mentioned  xxviii
Robinson street, now Park
place  xxii
Rodgers, Reverend Doctor
 , mentioned  xv, xxiv
Roosevelt street, mentioned, xxxi
Rose Hill, country-seat 6f
Honorable John Watts  xxviii
Rotten Row, mentioned  xxxvi
Royal Navy, mentioned  x
Royal regiment of artillery,
mentioned  xxv
Rutgers, Anthony, junior,
brewery of  xxi
Rutgers, Henry, country-seat
of  xxx
Rutgers' Hill, now Gold
street  xxi
Rutgers place, mentioned... xxx
Ryndert street, now Mul
berry street  xxx
S.
ST. GEORGE'S CHAPEL,
mentioned  xxxii
St. George's square, now
Franklin square  xxxi
St. Nicholas street, now
Canal street  xxx
St. Paul's chapel, graveyard
of  viii, xxii
St. Peter's church, men
tioned  xxv
Scott, John Morin, one of the
most learned members of
the New York bar  xxviii
Sears, Captain Isaac (King
Sears), mentioned  xxxii
Seaton, William, and com
pany, mercantile establish
ment of  xxxvii
Sebring, Clarkson and, deal
ers in general merchandise xxxv
Second avenue, mentioned. . xxix
Smith, Melancton, residence
of  xvii
Smith. Honorable William,
residence of  xviii

PAGE
Smith street, now William
street  xiii, xvi, xviii, xix
xxxiii, xxxiv
Sons of Liberty, mentioned. . xxxiv
Meeting of  xxxii
Spring, Reverend Doctor
Gardiner, mentioned  xxiv
Stamp Act, mentioned  xi
xii, xxv
Stamp Act Riots, mentioned, xii, xxiii
State street, mentioned  ix
Staten Island, mentioned. . . ix
Steele, Mrs.  , mentioned xii
Stewart, A. T., and company,
dry goods store of  xxvi
Stewart building, mentioned xxvi
Stone street, now Thames
street  xvi
Stuyvesant, Gerardus, coun
try-seat of  xxix
Stuyvesant, Nicholas Will-
lam, mansion of . .>  xxix
Stuyvesant, Petrus, country-
seat of.  xxix
Stuyvesant meadows, men
tioned  xxix
Sub-treasury, formerly Cus-
torn house  xv
Sugar-house of Livingstons, xviii
Swamp, the Lutheran church,
mentioned  xxv
T.
TEMPLE, Charlotte, tragedy
of  xxxi
Temple of Health, residence
of John Morin Scott  xxviii
Tenth avenue, mentioned. . . xxvii
Thames street, formerly
Stone street  xvi
Third avenue, mentioned. ... xxix
Thirteenth street, mentioned, xxvii, xxix
Thorburn, Grant, feed-store
of  xvii
Thurman, John, junior,
dealer in dry goods  xxxiv
Tiebout, T., country-seat of. xxviii
Tingley, Samuel, goldsmith's
shop of  xxxvi
Tombs, The, mentioned  xxvi
Tomllnson, Mr.  , men
tioned  XX
Treat, Reverend  , men
tioned  XV
Treat, McLean and. dealers
in drugs and medicines . . . xxxiv

428

Index to Introduction.

PAGE
Trinity church, mentioned. . xiii
XV, xxii, xxxiii
Description of  xiv
Graveyard of  viii
Turtle bay, mentioned  xxviii
U.
UNITED STATES, men
tioned  xviii
Independence of, men
tioned  vii
Ustick, Henry, his violation
of non-importation agree
ment in 1775  xxxii
Ustick, William, mentioned, xxxii
V.
VAN COURTLANDT, family
residence of  xi
Van Dam, Anthony, dealer
in wines and liquors  xxxv
Vandercliff, Dirck, mentioned xxi
Vandercliff' street, now Gold
street  xxi
Vanduerson, Mr.  , tallow
chandler, etc  xxxvi
Van Nest, Abraham, resi
dence of  xxvii
Van Vleck, Henry, mentioned xxxv
Van Wagenan, Hubert, hard
ware store of.  xxxii
Varick street, mentioned  xxvii
Vaux Hall, home of Major
Thomas James  xxv
Verlattenberg (Flatten-Bar
rack) street, now Exchange
place  xiii
Verplanck, Samuel, dealer in
dry goods  xxxiv
Vesey street, mentioned  xxii
W.
WAINRIQHT, niSS, men
tioned  xx
Wall, Mr.  , mentioned. . xx
Wall. Mrs.  , mentioned. xx
Wall street, mentioned  xiv
xxxi, xxxiv, xxxvi
Walton, Honorable William,
Warren, Admiral Sir Peter,'
mentioned  xxvll
Warren, Lady Peter, resi
dence of  xxvll

PAGE
Warren street, mentioned. . . xxii
Washington, General George,
mentioned  xxv, xxvii
Washington, The, 1 Broad
way  X
Washingtoji street, men
tioned  xxvii
Washington street, Jersey
City, mentioned  xv
Water street, formerly Little
Dock  xxxiv, xxxvi
Watts, Honorable John,
member of the Colonial
Council  xxxv
his residence  x, xi
his country-seat. Rose
Hill  xxviii
Watts, Major Stephen, men
tioned  X
West Broadway, formerly
Chapel street  xxii
West Eleventh street, men
tioned  XV
West Twenty-third street,
mentioned  xxvii
West Forty-third street,
mentioned  xxviii
Westminster Assembly, men
tioned  XV
White, Henry, ship chand
lery of  xxxvii
Whitehall slip, mentioned... viii, ix
Whitehall street, mentioned vlll
ix, X, xxxv
Wiggins, C, slilp-jolners
shop  xii
Willett, Marinus, mentioned, xxxii
William and Usticlj, hard
ware store of  xxxii
William street, formerly
Smith street  xiii, xvi, xviii
xix, XX, xxii, xxxiii, xxxiv
Williamson, Richard, dealer
in goods of every character xxxiii
Wilmot, Henry, dealer in
general merchandise  xxxiv
Wilson, Alexander, dealer in
dry goods  xxxiii
Winne street, now Mott
street  .-. . xxx
Wolfe and Bishop, mentioned xxi
Woolls, Mr.  , mentioned xx
Worth street, mentioned. . . . xxvi
T.
YORK TAVERN, mentioned ¦ xi

GENERAL INDEX

A. PAGE
ABACO,  . mentioned  333
Abeel, Captain, or Kagentwagh
gegh Seneca chief, men
tioned  365, 873, 375, 378
Deputy to Indian Council . . 371
Adams, John, mentioned. .. .37, 96
101, 155
Adams, Samuel, mentioned  65
262, 269
Admiralty, courts of, mentioned 253
Agontenayea, or Elequegonte
neayea, rift, mentioned  359
Albanians, mentioned  329
Albany, New York, mentioned. . 23
31, 32, 65, 242, 245, 252, 327
330, 332, 334, 336, 337, 343, 344
361, 366, 386, 394, 411, 413
Citizens address to Gov
ernor George Clinton on
restoration of peace and
establishment of inde
pendence  230
Commissioners for Indian
affairs of New York state
here discuss approaching
Council  345
Al))any county. New York, men
tioned  252, 253
Allen, Colonel William, men
tioned  317
Alliance, vessel  101
Alstyne, Jeronemus, mentioned. 303
Aiiibo.v, New Jersey, mentioned. 398
America, mentioned. .13, 28, 41, 51
52, 59, 60, 73, 74, 87, 102, 103
108, 118, 119, 122, 128, 130, 134
155, 161, 162, 172, 178, 227, 229
246, 259, 260, 265, 271, 272, 273
276, 277, 300, 302, 316, 323, 390.
Independence of. .43, 53, 222, 290
Cause of, John Hanson nar
rates persecutions he en
dured and property losses
because of his devotion
to  160-163
Evacuation of, mentioned. . 274
Fleet and armies of France
which have served in,
toast drank to  800

America — (Continued) : pagb
May it be an asylum to the
persecuted of the earth,
toast  300
Major Philip Skene desires
to return to, and become
a citizen of New York. . . 326
American affairs, serious mis
representation of, by British
government  3_6
American army, mentioned  40
130, 156, 294, 309, 323
Toast drank to  300
American armies, mentioned. . . 307
American camp, mentioned  156
American cause, mentioned  80
American commander-in-chief,
see "W^ashington, General
George.
American commissioners, at
Paris, mentioned  160, 272
Government, mentioned  23
Headquarters, mentioned. . 140
History, magazine of, men
tioned  419
Independence, mentionM.-. . 37
Independence and British
politics  43
Rebels, mentioned  274
Refugees, mentioned. . .254, 259
Revolution, Gordon's his
tory of, mentioned  308
States, mentioned  272
Subjects, mentioned  - 272
Troops, mentioned  183, 298
Question of retaining arms
after army is disbanded. . 153
Vessels, mentioned. .. . .162, 177
Americans, mentioned. . .35, 48, 87
270, 271, 278, 293
Americans, how they took pos- '
session of New York city- 298
Unfurl colors In spite of
greased flag pole  297
Amphion, off New York, men
tioned  314
Off Staten - Island, men
tioned  '.315, 316, 319, 322
Anagwolis (Anagvirolas) lake.
mentioned  .259, 360

430

General Index.

PAGE
Andre, Major John, mentioned. .
407, 418
His death sentence ap
proved by Washington . . . 406
Annapolis, Maryland, mentioned 193
267, 268, 307, 310, 411, 413
Suggested as National capi
tal  192
Ezra I'Hommedieu notifies
Governor George Clinton
congress will adjourn
from Princeton to  274
Anne Arundel county, Maryland,
mentioned  192
Anspack, Germany, mentioned. . 317
Anthony, or Shononghrigo, war
rior, mentioned  353
Antigua, mentioned  161
Appeals, Court of, mentioned. . . 254
Appleby, Jos., mentioned  409
Aquackanonck bridge, men
tioned  399
Armstrong, General John, men
tioned  399
Army, American, mentioned. 40, 130
156, 294, 309, 323
Army, British, mentioned. .133, 134
142, 144, 167, 271
Army, British, Jolm Morin
Scott's project for protection
of New York upon the evacua
tion of  132
Army, United States, men
tioned  41,80,86, 96
114, 115, 116, 117, 121, 123, 124
125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131
137, 138, 174, 175, 194, 198, 201
217, 226, 298, 307, 309, 312, 313
Discontent over arrearages
of pay  40, 196
Temper of, toward Ver
monters  79
Plan for settling accoimts
of, with the several
states  85
Distress of, portrayed by
General Heath to General
Washington  197-199
Distress of, General Wash
ington to General Heath
regarding  200-202
Arnold, Benedict, mentioned. . . 418
Perfidy discovered by Gen
eral Washington;  406
Detected in treasonable plot
at Robinson house  417
Arnold, Jonathan, mentioned.. . 69
70, 71, 72
Artillery, corps of, mentioned. . 298
Asharago, or Lodowick, war
rior, mentioned  353

PAGB
Asia, poem commemorating its
attack upon New York  306
Atlantic ocean, mentioned. . .59, 254
Atoghsenonge, Oneida deputy to
Indian Council  371
Atsiaklatye, or Jacob Preed,
warrior, mentioned  353
Atyatoghharongevia, or Lieu
tenant Colonel Louis, war
rior, mentioned  353
Atyatonneatha or Peter, sachem,
mentioned  353
Avery, John, mentioned  65, 269
Avery, John, junior, mentioned. 395
Axtell, William, mentioned  188
Ayeaghwatha, or William,
sachem, mentioned  353
B.
BAHAHAS, mentioned  371
Baltimore, Maryland, mentioned 156, 410
Bancker, Evart, mentioned.. .. . 25
Barber,  , mentioned  222
Barclay, Thomas, mentioned... 101, 102
Barney, Captain Joshua, men
tioned  100, 101, 103
Barton, Thomas, mentioned  317
Bayard, Nicholas, mentioned... 395
Bayley, Doctor Richard, contro
versy over  r. . . . .265-267
Beatty, John, mentioned  382, 383
Beckley, John, mentioned  221
Beckwith, Major George, men
tioned  285
Bedford, Gunning, mentioned. . 383
Beeckman, John Ja., mentioned. 345
350, 351, 352, 361, 370
Bennington, Vermont, mentioned 58, SI
Gaol, mentioned  64
Benson, Egbert, mentioned. . . .8 17
135, 147, 148, 149, 153
154, 167, 186, 243, 412
Delegated to wait upon Sir
Guy Carleton with in
structions touching res
toration of New York to
civil authority  134
Directed to report result of
interview with Sir Guy
Carleton to William
Floyd and Alexander
Hamilton  139
Report to Governor George
Clinton of his conference
with Sir Guy Carleton . .
140-144
Files his resignation as at
torney general with Gov
ernor George Clinton  392

General Index.

431

PAGE
Benson, Colonel Robert, men
tioned. .31, 44, 45, 50, 251, 264
281, 396
His reply to Colonel Alex
ander Hamilton who asks
for information  32
Reports to New York dele
gates in congress that
Governor George Clinton
Is prostrated with fever . . 250
Reports to New York dele
gates in congi'ess that
Governor George Clinton
is convalescing  252
Bergen county, New Jersey,
mentioned  406, 407, 416
Berkeley, Mister, mentioned. .. . 399
Beville, Mons., quartermaster of
French army  408
Bibby, Captain Thomas, men
tioned  209
Bicker, Colonel Henry, men
tioned  295
Birch, Brigadier General Sam
uel, mentioned  203
Birdsall, Benjamin,, mentioned. . 304
Birdsall house, Peekskill, New
York, Washington's headquar
ters  417
" Black Sam," sobriquet of Sam
uel Fraunces  305, 307
Black Smith, or Jacob, warrior,
mentioned  353
Blagge, Benjamin, mentioned. . . 395
Blanchard, Claude, commissary
of French auxiliary army. . . . 417
Bland, Colonel Theodorlck. men
tioned  42, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72
83, 196
Bleecker, John J., appointed In
dian interpreter  345
Boelin, Jacob, mentioned  303
Bond, George, deputy secretary
of congress  83, 155
Boston, Massachusetts, men
tioned  51, 393
Boudinot, Elias. mentioned  68
69, 70. 71, 72, 83
165, 169, 219, 265, 267
Furnishes Governor George
Clinton with Congres
sional address on public
finances  168
General Georse Washington
to, regarding discontent
in army over question of
pay  190
Forwards Heath-Washing
ton correspondence to sev
eral states as an object
lesson  210

Boudinot, Elias— (Continued) : pagb
Forwards Governor George
Clinton act of congress
calling upon states to
complete representation
In congress  216
Forwards Governor George
Clinton act of congress
relative to captures at sea
since Provisional Articles 253
Bound Brook, New Jersey, men
tioned  400
Bowdoin, Governor James, to
Governor George Clinton re
garding Massachusetts' claim
to land In New York state. .
393-395
Bowen, Captain Prentice, men
tioned  295
Bowery, mentipned  298
Bowery lane, mentioned  298
Bowling green, mentioned  297
Braham, John, mentioned  161
Brandywine, battle of, men
tioned  401, 416
Brant, Joseph, or Thayendane
gea, mentioned. .342, 345, 346
347, 348, 363, 365, 368, 375
On behalf of Six Nations
desires to renew Ancient
Covenant and proposes
that Council be held at
Fort Schuyler  323-325
His letter to Henry Glen. . 327
Governor Clinton to, regard
ing contemplated Council
at Fort Schuyler;  334
Peter Ryckman charged
with letter to  335
Lieutenant William Col-
braith Informed by James
Deane that he is due the
following day  340
Peter Ryckman to Henry
Glen concerning  341
Governor Clinton notifies
him of change in his time
of proceeding to Council. 343
Governor Clinton to, con
cerning Indian Council. . 344
Mohawk deputy to Council . 370
To United States commis
sioners regarding duplic
ity of Mr. Kirkland  380
Brasher, Ephraim, mentioned.. . 288
295, 296, 301
Brest. France, mentioned  101
Brice, James, mayor of An
napolis  192
Brinckerhoff. Colonel Abraham,
owner of Brinckerhoff house,
Washington's headquarters 416, 419

432

General Index.

PAQB
Britain, see Great Britain.
British, mentioned  44
108, 148, 149, 150, 233, 238
250, 257, 258, 279, 322, 331
Five hundred reported to
have arrived within
Sandy Hook  35
To evacuate New York in
November  .259-263
Preliminary arrangements
and events prior to their
leaving New York city. . . 293
Colonel James Monroe • at
Schenectady unable to
understand why they con
tinue to hold military
posts in New York state. 3.38
Evacuate New Yotk. ....... 413
British adherents, mentioned. . 154
British administration, men
tioned  161
British army, mentioned. . .133, 134
142, 144, 167, 271
John Morin Scott's project
for protection of Nevv
York upon the evacuation
of  132
British artifice, to be refuted by .
action of American people  4
British commander-in-chief, see
Sir Guy Carleton.
British commissioners, men
tioned  51
At Paris, mentioned  272
British council In New York
city, mentioned  189, 191
Refused to surrender public
records of New York state
to John Morin Scott. .188, 215
British councils, mentioned  89
British court, mentioned  6, 255
British dominions, mentioned. .
191, 224
British emissary, mentioned. .. . 329
Eritisli empire, mentioned  155
British fleet, mentioned. 44, 134, 188
British force, mentioned. .. .136, 155
165, 166
l^>ritisli garrison, mentioned.... 318
British government, mentioned. 162, 106
Bi'itish Interception of letters,
James Duane on  14^16
British lines, mentioned .... 148, 106
212, 214, 241, 270
274, 275, 276, 295
John ITorin Scott reprobates
practice of Americans en
tering until peace is as
sured . ;  147-153

page
British ministry, mentioned.. 13, 15
28, 34, 36, 37, 103
160, 259, 260, 270, 271
272, 273, 274, 277, 339
Efforts of, to induce Amer
ica to make a separate
peace  43
British misrepresentation, of
American affairs.  3-6
British navy, mentioned  28
291, 320
British order, for restoration
of property to proprietors in
Southern New York  203
British Parliament, see Parlia
ment.
British politics, and American
independence  43
British posts, western, necessity
of spreading peace intelli
gence among  136
British subjects, mentioned.... 254, 259
British taxation, mentioned..^. 51
British territories, mentioned. . . 269
British troops, mentioned. .. .51, 108
133, 134, 152, 153
154, 166, 167, 176
181, 182, 183, 184
185, 211, 212, 213
223, 224, 263, 278
279, 281, 283, 284
291, 292, 294, 295
298, 304, 311, 323
Governor Clinton to Sir Guy
Carleton, regaj-ding with
drawal of  165-168
Orders relating to with
drawal of from posts in
New York and vicinity. . . 285
Evacuated New York  309
Statement of, at time of
evacuation of New York.. 317
Sir Guy Carleton promises
to withdraw them from
Long Island and Staten
Islnnd by December 4,^
1783  319
Captain Duncan reports to
Governor Clinton that re
maining ones are with
drawn from Governors
Island  320
Broad street. New York, men
tioned  304, 305, 306, 410
Broadway, mentioned. .295, 297, 298
299, 414
Brock, Mrs., mentioned  178
Brooklyn, New York, mentioned. 278
283, 284, 292
Brooklyn heights, mentioned. . . 286

General Index.

483

PAGE
Brooks, Colonel John, men
tioned  113, 115, 117, 129
Broome, John, mentioned  395
Broome, Samuel, mentioned. . . . 288
296, 301
Bruce, Brigadier General
Thomas, mentioned  204
Bryans tavern, mentioned  405
Buck, or Carleton Island, men
tioned  359
Buelc tavern, mentioned  401
Bucks county, Pennsylvania,
mentioned  399, 400, 401
Buffalo, New York, mentioned. . 380
Buffalo creek, mentioned  360
Bulls Head tavern, mentioned. . 296
297, 298
Burke, Edmund, mentioned  272
Burlington county, mentioned. . 220
Burnet, Major  , mentioned. 62
Burr, Colonel Aaron, duel with
Colonel Alexander Hamilton,
at Weehawken  414
Burt, General, mentioned  161
Butler, Richard, United States
commissioner  337, 338, 340
Governor Clinton to, regard
ing frontier posts and
coming Council with In
dians at Fort Schuyler. . . 332
liyvanck, Peter, mentioned  296
C.
CADIZ, SPAIN, mentioned  94
Cagnawagas, mentioned  378
Cambridge, Massachusetts, men
tioned  396, 397, 414, 419
Campbell, Lieutenant General
John, mentioned  203, 317
Campbell, Thomas, mentioned. . 295
Canada, mentioned. .80, 87, 160, 249
271, 333, 391
Canada creek, mentioned  358
359, 360
Canajoharie (Canajowarie, Kan
onogharie), New York, men
tioned  340, 344, 347, 380
/^ Canary Islands, mentioned. .254, 260
Canasserago, mentioned  341
Capes tavern, mentioned  294
296, 298
Governor George Clinton
gives dinner at  299
List of toasts drank at din
ner given here by Gov
ernor Clinton  299, 300
Caquegemawia, mentioned  360
Carleton, Sir Guy, commander-
in-chief of the British
army, mentioned. .11, 15, 30
35, 47, 53, 94. 133, 135, 130
28

PAGE
Carleton. Sir Guy, commander-
in-chief of the British
army, mentioned — (Con
tinued) :
141, 142, 143, 148, 149, 152
154, 155, 165, 166, 167, 168
181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186
187, 188, 190, 204, 212, 213
214, 215, 216, 243, 246, 247
251, 256, 258, 262, 263, 264
269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274
275, 276, 277, 281, 284, 285
286, 294, 338, 339, 412, 419
Egbert Benson delegated to
wait upon him with In
structions touching resto
ration of New York to
civil authorities  134
Egbert Benson directed to
,- report to William Floyd
and Alexander Hamilton
the result of his inter
view with  139
Egbert Benson's report to
Governor Clinton of his
conference with  140-144
His proposition to meet
General Washington to
discuss release and trans
fer of prisoners and
evacuation of New York, 156-158
Governor George Clinton ar
ranges for General John
Morin Scott to participate
in conference with  158
Extends concessions to ship
ping  175-177
Perplexed over condition
of affairs on Long
Island  175-177
Withdraws his troops from
Westchester county ... 175-177
To Governor George Clinton
as to inquiries he is mak
ing  203
Assures Governor George
Clinton his policy of con
ciliation has not dimin
ished  207-210
Answers Governor George
Clinton's charges , of
abuses in Westchester
county  239-242
Governor Clinton's reply to,
refusing to recede from
his position  242-244
Directs public records to be
delivered to such persons
as the governor shall
designate  278

434

General Index.

PAGE
Carleton, Sir Guy, commander-
in-chief of the British
army — (Continued) :
Fixes official date of evacua
tion for November 22,
1783, to Governor George
Clinton  278
Notified by Governor
George Clinton that John
Morin Scott is delegated
to receive public records. 280
Alludes to plot to plunder
New York city evacuation
day  ;  282
Notifies Governor George
Clinton he will be unable
to withdraw from New
York before November 25,
1783  282
To General Washington re
garding evacuation of
New York  283
Governor George Clinton
makes final disposition
with, for evacuation of
New York  291
General George Washington
to, regarding evacuation
of New York  292
Promises to withdraw
troops from Long Island
and Staten Island by De
cember 4, 1783  319
Carleton-Clinton correspondence
forwarded to congressional
delegates  250
Carleton, or Buck Island, men
tioned  359
Carmer, Nicholas, mentioned. . . 304
Carolina, mentioned  3tY
Carollton, mentioned  192
Carpenter, Ensign Neh., men
tioned  195
Carroll,, Charles, mentioned.... 192
Carroll, Daniel, mentioned. . .39, 68
69, 70, 71, 72, 83
Carter, Mr.  , mentioned. .49, 93
Castries, Marquis de, secretary
of the Marine  100
Catlin. Reverend Mr.  , men
tioned  342
Cayugas, mentioned. . .323, 341 342
349, 351, 361, 370, 371
Centuri.in, off New York, men
tioned  321
Ceylon, Island of, mentioned... 30
Chadds Ford. Delaware county,
Pennsylvania, mentioned.. 401, 410

PAGE
Charleston, South Carolina,
mentioned  43, 235, 270
Evacuation of by the Brit
ish, William Floyd to
Governor George Clinton
in regard to  62-(!.'i
Charlton street. New York, men
tioned  414
Chase, ¦  , mentioned  192
Chatham, New Jersey, men
tioned  405, 410
Chattertons Hill, White Plains,
New York, battle of, men
tioned  399, 415
Chelsea, mentioned  326
Chesapeake Bay, mentioned  192
Chester, Pennsylvania, men
tioned  401
Chittenden, Governor Thomas,
of Vermont, mentioned. . . .58, 64
73, 85
Christian Indians,- mentioned. . . 391
Church, Colonel Timothy, men
tioned  58, 64
Cincinnati, New York Society of
the, officers   217
Original meeting held at
Fishkill, New York  217
Clark, Abraham, mentioned.... S3
Clark, Captain William, men
tioned  279
Claverack (Clauverack), New
York, mentioned  252
Clinton, Governor George, men
tioned  4, 5, 13, 14
15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 24, 25, 27
30, 31, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38
39, 40, 41, 43, 44, 49, 53, 54
.55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 61, 62, 66
73, 75, 76, 77, 78, 83, 84, 85
88, 90, 93, 94, 95, 108, 109
110, 132, 13.3, 135, 1.S7, 1.38
140, 142, 143, 152, 154, 155
1.57, 159, 160, 163, 164, 167
173. 174, 175, 176, 177, 178
179, 184, 185, 189, 194, 196
203, 208, 209, 217, 218, 219
225, 228, 233, 234, 235, 236
239, 240, 241, 245, 246, 249
251, 253, 254, 256, 258, ?.59
262, 263, 264, 266, 268, 269
278. 284, 290, 292, 294, 295
296, 297, 298, 303, 307, 309
315, 323, 324, 326, 335, 337
338, 340, .341, 342, 345, 349
.3.50, .351, .3.52. 35.3, .3.56. 358
360, 361, 364, 365, 370, 373
375, 377, 378, 380. 385. 386
394, 396, 412, 413, 417, 419

General Index.

435

PAGE
Clinton, Governor George — (Con
tinued) :
To John Morin Scott on
financial and army
matters  6-12
On General Ganse
voort's claim for
higher rank  6-12
On capture of Sir James
Jay  6-12
On Vermont question. .6-12
In regard to the British
holding on to and fortify
ing Oswego.  16
On resolutions of the Legis
lature to strengthen the
Confederacy  16
On state taxes and market
for wheat and flour  21-23
Forwards to President
Weare of New Hampshire
New York's resolution to
strengthen Articles of
Confederation  26-29
Acknowledges a letter from
Ezra I'Hommedieu  45
Urges General Washington
to hold a small regular
force along New York's
northern frontier during
the winter  47
Apprehensive over conse
quences in case frontiers
are left exposed  48
To Colonel William Floyd,
in regard to the organiza
tion of a land office  63-65
In regard to the Ver
mont dispute  63-65
Regarding temper of
the army toward Ver
monters  79-81
. Receives articles of Peace
from Colonel William
Floyd  ...86-89
Mistrusts that letters to him
from Robert R. Livings
ton have fallen into Im
proper hands  91
Makes a bid to establish
National capital at Kings
ton, New York  92
Urges president of congress
for a speedy settlement of
public accounts  131
Delegates Egbert Benson to
wait upon Sir Guy Carle
ton with instructions
touching restoration of
New York to civil au
thorities  134

PAGE
Clinton, Governor George — (Con
tinued) :
Brings to General Washing
ton's attention the neces
sity of spreading peace
intelligence among west
ern British posts. .¦  136
Directs Egbert Benson to
report result of his inter
view with Sir Guy Carle
ton to William Floyd and
Alexander Hamilton  139
Submits to General Wash
ington his views on main
tenance of a peace estab
lishment  144r-147
Proclamation against Amer
icans going within Brit
ish lines  153
Arranges for John Morin
Scotl: to participate In
conference with Sir Guy
Carleton  158
To Sir Guy Carleton as to
withdrawal of British
troops • and rights of
ships to frequent waters
of New York state  165-168
Receives from President
Boudinot congressional
address on critical condi
tion of public affairs.  168
Advances compensation to
Judge Morris  181
Advances compensation to
Judge Yates  181
Directs Chief Justice" Mor
ris to repair to Westches
ter county. .  182
Forwards proceedings of
Council for the regula
tion of the Southern dis
trict of New York state,
to Sir Guy Carleton with
appropriate comments. . . .
186-188
Presented with colors by
Second Regiment, New
York line  193
Acknowledges receipt of
colors presented by Sec
ond New York Regiment. 193
Reply to officers of Second
New York Regiment  195
In regard to New York
state being unrepresented
in Congress  202
Sir Guy Carleton assures
him his policy of concilia
tion has not diminished. 207-210

436

General Index.

PAGE
Clinton, Governor George — (Con
tinued) :
Expostulates with Sir Guy
Carleton for his obstruct
ive tactics, especially re
garding public records of
state  211-216
His intercession for Loyal
ists sought by ex-Lieu
tenant-Governor Cadwal
lader Colden  .221-224
Congratulatory address to,
from Albany citizens and
magistrates of Tryon
county  230-232
Returns thanks to Tryon
county magistrates  232
Reply to Sir Guy Carleton
refusing to recede from
his position  242-244
Prostrated with fever  250
Reported to be convalescing 252
To General George Wash
ington regretting delay in
forming peace establish
ment  257
Asks General George Wasii-
ington's cooperation to
protect New York city
when British march away 257
Captain Sam. Delivan offers
his troop of horse as es
cort upon his entrance
into New, York city  279
Notifies Sir Guy Carleton
that John Morin Scott is
delegated to receive pub
lic records  280
To general Knox as to
evacuation of New York. 280
^Notifies John Morin Scott
of his appointment to re
ceive public records at
New York  281
Proclamation in regard to
Evacuation of New York. 281
John Morin Scott to, regard
ing public records to be
delivered to him  286
Address to, of New York
citizens returned from
exile  287
Reply to address of New
York citizens returned
from exile  288
Address to by New York
Marine society on his
entry into the city  289-291
Makes final disposition with
Sir Guy Carleton for
Evacuation of New York. 291

page
Clinton, Governor George — (Con
tinued) :
Gives dinner at Cape's tav
ern .....  298
Address of firemen of New
York to  302
Promises to cooperate with
, Admiral Robert Digby.. .
3t4r-316
St. Jean de Creveweur to,
announciii^i establish
ment of line of French
mail packets between
L'Orient and New York . . 316
Orders Colonels Willet and
Lasher to take possession
of forfeited houses and
lands in New Yorlc till
legislature shall dispose
of same.  317
Asks Admiral Robert Digby
to give early notice of his
intention to quit Govern
ors Island  318
Receives report from Cap
tain Duncan that remain
ing British troops are
withdrawn from Govern
ors Island  320
Captain James Duncan
gives him a list of build
ings, etc., on Governors
Island and turns over the
keys  321
Admiral Robert Digby an
nounces to him that he Is
on the- point of sailing. . . 322
Communicates to General
Knox a resolution of
thanks from the Council
for his services  322
Abraham Cuyler forwards a
letter to, from Joseph
Brant  327
To United States commis
sioners in relation to fron
tier posts and coming
council with the Indians
at Fort Schuyler  332
To Joseph Brant as to con
templated council at Fort
Schuyler  334
Invites Chancellor Living--
ston, on part of commis
sioners, to participate in
Indian council  336
To James Deane, inter
preter, as to coming meet
ing at Fort Stanwix  336

General Index.

437

page
Clinton, Governor George — (Con
tinued) :
United States commission
ers for. Indian affairs
suggest that New York's
course at coming Indian
council should be subor
dinate to general treaty . . 339
Informs Henry Glen that he
and his associates will
proceed shortly to council
place  343
Through Henry Glen noti
fies Joseph Brant of
change in his time of pro
ceeding to council  343
To Joseph Brant concerning
Indian council  344
To James Deane, regarding
Indian council  344
Notified by Henry Glen that
arrangements for proceed
ing to Fort Schuyler have
been made  346
Requests James Deane to
meet him at Fort Schuy
ler  347
Jellis Fonda to, regarding
Reverend Mr. Kirkland
advising Oneidas not to
exchange any of their
lands  348
To New York delegates In
congress apprising them
of approaching adjourn
ment of legislature  381
Receives from secretary of
congress copy of acts for
protection of Northwest
ern frontier  382-384
Lays resolutions of Con-
¦ gress before New York
state legislature  384
Charles Thomson to, with
act of congress as to lay
ing out western territory
into states  387
Egbert Benson files his res
ignation as attorney gen
eral with  392
Informed by John Jay of
birth of the Duke of Nor
mandy  393
Governor James Bowdoin
to, regarding Massachu
setts' claim to land in
New York state  393-395
Clinton, Mrs. George, mentioned 14
31, 38, 45, 50, 55, 56
61, 63. 76, 110, 139, 178
182, 247, 253, 258, 280

page
Clinton, Sir Henry, mentioned. . 294
Commander-in-chief of Brit
ish army, recalled  272
Clinton, James, why he failed to
be commissioned major
general  55
Appointed commissioner to
determine boundary line
between New York and
Pennsylvania  385
Clinton-Carleton correspondence
forwarded to congressional
delegates  250
Clove, New Jersey, mentioned . .
401, 405
Ciymer, George, mentioned. .39, 61
Cobb, General David, mentioned 124
Cochran, Lieutenant Colonel
Robert, mentioned  195
Cochrane, Captain Thomas,
mentioned  . . 315, 322
Coghsunto river, mentioned. 359, 360
Colbreath, Lieutenant William,
mentioned  195, 341, 342
344, 380
Informed by James Deane
that Joseph Brant is due
the following day  340
Receives from Henry Glen a
return of stores at Fort
Schuyler  379
Colden, Cadwallader, ex-Lleu-
tenant-governor, ' sfeeks Gov
ernor Clinton's intercession
for loyalists  221-224
Collins, John, mentioned  67, 69
70, 71, 72, 82
Columbia, District of, mentioned 247
Commerce, treaty of, mentioned 245, 255
Stimulation promised in, by
scarcity of grain in Eu
rope and West Indies. ... 78
Commercial treaty, mentioned. . 260
Between United States and
England, New York dele
gates in congress inform
Governor George Clinton
there is no prospect of . . .
259-263
Commissioners for Indian
affairs, of New York state,
mentioned  323, 334
341, 343, 344, 346, 349, 350, 351
352, 353, 356, 360, 363, 364, 365
368, 370, 373, 375, 377, 378, 379
Discuss at Albany the ap
proaching council  345

43s

General Index.

page
Commissioners for Indian
affairs, of United States, men
tioned  y333, 334, 335, 336
' 340, 347, 348, 360
Commissioners of Sequestration,
mentioned  246
Mrs. James Delancey re
sents their action in leas
ing her Westchester prop
erty  233
Commissioners of the Treasury,
mentioned  383
Committee of Safety, mentioned 414
Commons, House of, mentioned. 161
Condict, S., mentioned  68, 69, 70
71, 72, 83
Confederacy, mentioned . 58, 168, 169
Danger to, because of in
clination of states to exer
cise state rights  20
Confederation, mentioned. . . .17, 28
29, 37, 38, 69, 71, 75, 76, 82
84, 108, 216, 257, 328, 375, 394
New York recommends a
plan to strengthen  7
Confederation, Articles of, men
tioned. .40, 66, 67, 70, 169, 170, 262
Congress, mentioned . 4, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12
14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, 22, 25
26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 32, 33, 34
35, 41, 42, 43, 47, 49, 51, 52
54, 55, 57, 61, 62, 67, 68, 69
70, 71, 73, 75, 78, 79, 80, 84
85, 87, 88, 89, 90, 93, 95, 96
97, 98, 99, 100, 105, 106, 107
109, 111, 113, 114, 115, 116
117, 119, 120, 121, 124, 126
127, 128, 129, 130, 135, 13^
140, 147, 154, 156, 157, 163
165, 168, 170, 172, 175, 176
181, 192, 193, 196, 198, 199
200, 201, 210, 219, 220, 226
229, 238, 239, 248, 249, 251
253, 255, 261, 262, 264, 268
269, 270, 278, 282, 308, 314
325, 327, 328, 329, 330, 332
333, 334, 335, 337, 338, 340
348, 363, 368, 369, 376, 378
379, 383, 384, 389, 390, 391
393, 394, 396, 398, 413, 414
Foresees danger of individ
ual states exercising local
privileges  20
Financial policy of, con
sidered  37
Assignment of $2,000,000
requisition for the year
1183  46
Financi.nl estimates for the
year 1783  46

Congress — (Continued) : page
Lays a restraining hand on
more radical and arbi
trary Vermonters  56-58
Provisions for payment of
Interest of domestic debt. 63, 64
Considers plan for adjust
ment of National debt. .66-72
76, 77
Negatives a resolution dis
criminated in favor of
New York  81-83
Address to states on critical
condition of public affairs 169-173
Warmly commends adminis
tration of Robert Morris. 204r-207
Will adjourn from Prince
ton to Annapolis  247
Orders public buildings
erected near falls of Tren
ton on Delaware river. 254r-256
Unable to determine on
selection of Federal capi
tal  257
Discomforts of being a
member of  263
Recommends the second
Thursday in December,
1783 as a day of thanks
giving  265
Selects two towns In which
to hold sessions  267
General George Washing
ton offers his resignation
to  310-312
General George Washing
ton's address to. when he
resigns his commission . . 311
Accepts General George
Washington's resignation 31^-314
Congress, act of, on misrepre
sentation by British gov
ernment of American
sentiment in the war. . . . 3-6
For amelioration of troops. 38
To meet the interest of the
domestic debt  39
In regard to payment of
the army  40
Restraining radical element
in Vermont  57-58
Calling upon states to com
plete their representation 216
Relative to captures at sea
since provisional articles 254
For protection of North
western frontier  282, 283
As to laying out Western
territory into states. .388-391

General Index.

439

Congress — (Continued) : page
Massachusettts delegates in,
mentioned  261
New York delegates in,
mentioned... 108, 225, 382
Carleton-Clinton corres
pondence forwarded
to  250
Informed that Governor
George Clinton Is
prostrated with fever 250
Informed that Governor
George Clinton Is con
valescing  252
Informed Governor
George Clinton there
Is no prospect of com
mercial treaty be
tween United States
and England  259-263
Governor George Clin
ton apprises of ap
proaching adjourn
ment of legislature. . 381
-New York state unrepre
sented in  202
Philadelphia desires it to
return there for political
purposes  237
President of, mentioned. ... 92
99, 123, 130, 179, 197, 202
Urged by Governor George
Clinton for speedy settle
ment of public accounts. . 131
Robert Morris to, regarding
economy in national ex
penses  228-230
Congress, resolution of, In re
gard to British misrepre
sentations  6
Regarding requisition of
$2,000,000 as part of esti
mates of $6,000,000 for
1783  46
For national copyright  164
Ratifying preliminary treaty
of peace  155
Virginia delegates in, men
tioned  221
Congressional legislation,
Colonel William Floyd to Gov
ernor George Clinton, in re
gard to  73-76
Connecticut, mentioned. . .38, 65, 67
68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 82
88, 116, 132, 218, 256
261, 397, 398, 406, 408
Quota of money  39, 46
New emission money  217
Pay table notes  218
Quota of men  383

page
Connecticut river, mentioned. . . 57
Continental army, mentioned. . 18
147, 233, 296, 389, 390, 391, 417
Dissatisfied with negotia
tions  117
First anonymous address to
officers of  118-121
Second anonymous address
to officers of  122
Resolutions by officers of,
129-131
Continental artillery, mentioned 418
Continental congress, mentioned 307
Continental funds mentioned . . 116
117, 180
Continental government, men
tioned  27, 34
Continental treasury, mentioned 71
72, 77
Continental troops, mentioned. . 47
234, 249, 2.58, 285, 294, 300
Present colors to Governor
George Clinton  193
Conway-Gates cabal, mentioned 113
Copyright, act of congress, in re
lation thereto  164
Cordova, Admiral Don, men
tioned  ,. . . . 44
Cornelius, or Itghnejonkeu, war
rior, mentioned  353
Cornelius, or Otatshete, sachem,
mentioned  353
Cornwallis, Lord Charles, men
tioned  52, 410, 418
Coromandel, coast of, mentioned 36
Goryalls Ferry, - Pennsylvania,
mentioned  401, 402
Cottong, Daniel, mentioned  304
Council of Appointment, men
tioned. ...7, 17, 110, 138, 252, 253
323, 385, 386, 392
Council. Indian, held af Loyal
village  323
Chancellor Livingston in
vited by Governor George
Clinton on part of com
missioners to participate
in  336
Peter Ryckman to Henry
Glen, concerning  341
Discussed at Albany by
commissioners for Indian
affairs of New York state 345
Council of New Jersey, men
tioned  220, 221
Council, common, of New York
city, offers conditional reward
for assailants of Brockholst
Livingston  395

440

General Index.

PAGE.
Council for regulation and gov
ernment of Southern dis
trict of New York state,
mentioned  134, 141, 142
158, 167, 183, 184, 185
243, 279, 281, 282, 291
292, 298, 299, 307, 308
. List of powers vested in,
132, 133
Of whom It consisted  165
Deplores Sir Guy Carleton's
diffidence  183-186
Governor George Clinton
forwards to Sir Guy Car
leton proceedings of. .186-188
Resolution of thanks to
General Henry Knox. .322, 323
Council of Revision, mentioned 23
141, 142
Counterfeit bills, issues of vast
quantities of . . :  217-219
Country's Peril, sketch of. . .196-202
Courtland (Cortland), Mr.  ,
mentioned  253, 287
Courts of Admiralty, mentioned 253
Courts of Police, mentioned, 275, 277
Craigie House, formerly Vassall
House, Cambridge, Massa
chusetts, Washington's head
quarters  ^   414
Cranberry, New Jersey, men
tioned  403
Creveweur^ St. Jean de, an
nounces establishment of line
of French mail packets be
tween L'Orient and New
York  316
Cross Roads, Pennsylvania,
mentioned  401
Croton river, mentioned  409
Cruger, John Harris, mentioned 188
Cumberland county. New York,
inhabitants loyal to New York 7
Cues, off Staten Island, men
tioned  319
Custis, John Parke, mentioned . . 411
Cuyler, Abraham, mentioned... 349
350, 351, 352, 360, 364, 370
Forwards to Governor
George Clinton a letter
from Joseph Brant  326
D.
DALLY, nR.  , mentioned. . 178
Dally, Mrs.  , mentioned... 178
Dalton, Tristram, mentioned. . . 65
262, 269
Danielson, Timothy, mentioned. 269
Danish, East India Company,
mentioned  60

PAGE
Dash, John Balthaser, men
tioned  303
Dash, John B., junior, men
tioned  304
Dauphin's birthday. General
George Washington orders
celebration of  411
Day, Elkanah, mentioned  17
Day's tavern, Harlem, New
York, visited by General
George Washington  419
Deane, James, Indian inter
preter, mentioned  337, 341
343, 345, 346, 348, 349, 380
Governor George Clinton to,
regarding meeting at Fort
Stanwix  336
Informs Lieutenant William
Colbreath that Joseph
Brant is due the follow
ing day  340
Governor George Clinton to,
regarding Indian council. 344
Explains to Governor George
Clinton his reasons for not
arriving sooner at Fort
Schuyler  347
Requested by Governor
George Clinton, who is at
Fort Schuyler,, to meet
him there  347
Deane, Richard, mentioned  304
Deane, Silas, mentioned  102
De Grasse, see Grasse de.
Degrusia, Mr.  , mentioned. 305
DeLancey, Mrs. James, men
tioned  234, 235
Appeals to James Duane
about her Westchester
property  233
Resents action of Seques
tration commissioners in
leasing her Westchester
property  233
Ezra' I'Hommedieu to Gov
ernor George Clinton re
garding her case  248-250
DeLancey, Nancy, mentioned . . . 233
DeLancey, Adjutant General
Oliver, loyalist. .204, 233, 305. 317
DeLancey family, erected
Fraunces tavern  304
Delasons, John, mentioned  320
Delaware, mentioned  116, 401
Quota of money  39, 46
Delaware county, Pennsylvania,
mentioned  416
Delaware river, mentioned  156
256, 267, 400, 401
Falls of, mentioned  399

General Index.

441

PAGE
Delaware river — (Continued) :
Falls of Trenton on, Con
gress orders public build
ings erected near  254^-256
Delawares, Indian tribe, men
tioned  323
Delivan, Captain Samuel, men
tioned  299
Offers his troop of horseas
escort to Governor George
Clinton upon his entrance
into New York  279
Deniston, Lieutenant Daniel,
mentioned  195
Denmark, mentioned  59
Dennis. Captain Patrick, men
tioned  296, 301
Dennis, Patt. C., mentioned  288
Denyses, at the Narrows on
Long Island, mentioned. .279, 281
283, 284, 286
Detroit, mentioned  339
Dewitt, Simeon, appointed com
missioner to determine
boundary line between
New York and Pennsyl
vania  385
David Rlttenhouse to, re
garding boundary line
between New York and
Pennsylvania  385
Dewitt, William, mentioned, 244, 284
Dey, Colonel  , mentioned.. 406
Dickinson, Governor John, of
Pennsylvania, mentioned  385
Digby, Admiral Robert, men
tioned. .. .30, 35, 177, 283, 292
315, 320
Requests several concessions
from Governer George
Clinton  314^316
Asked by Governor George
Clinton to give early no
tice of his Intention to
quit Governors Island. . . 318
His reply to Governor
George Clinton as to
quitting Governors Island 319
Announces to Governor
George Clinton he is on
the point of sailing  322
Dobbs Ferry, New York, men
tioned. .159, 264, 409. 410, 412, 419
Dodge, Lieutenant Samuel, men
tioned  19^
Dodge, Ensign Samuel, men
tioned  -¦  1^5
iDomlnick, Frances, mentioned.. 303
Donaldson, W., forwards his
father's letter to Governor
George Clinton  50

PAGE
Donaldson, William, to Governor
George Clinton, on the situa
tion in England  50-53
Dorsey, J., mentioned  192, 193
Doughty, Charles, mentioned. . . 304
Doughty, Jno., port major, men
tioned  293
Dover, Dutchess county, New
York, formerly Pawling  419 .
Dragoons, corps of  298
Drew, Will, mentioned  221
Duane, James, mentioned. .8, 39, 56
109, 203, 219, 236, 237
251, 263, 264, 269, 327
In regard to French ex
change and private finan
cial accounts  13
On British interception of
letters  14^16
His prediction for peaCe,
safety and independence
to Governor George Clin
ton  30
Election to the Senate  33-36
In regard to the communi
cative powers of Orator
Phelps  43-45
To Governor George Clin
ton, in regard to the im
pecunious condition of
members of congress. . . .49-50
Notifies Governor George
Clinton that the cession
of Western lands by New
York is accepted by con
gress  49-50
Explains to Governor George
Clinton why James Clin
ton failed to be appointed
major general . . .^  55
To Governor George Clin
ton, regarding Mrs. De-
La ncey's Westchester .
property  234
Disparages the two capital
proposition  ,  •. 268
Sentiments on Indian ques
tion  328-332
Duer, William, mentioned.  184
Duncan. Captain James. British
Navy, reports to Governor
George Clinton that re
maining British troops
are withdrawn from Gov
ernors Island  320
Furnishes Governor George
Clinton with list of build
ings, etc., on Governors
Island and turns over the
keys  321
Dunscomb, Daniel, mentioned. . 184

442

General Index.

PAGE
Daryee, Ab'm, mentioned  251
Duryee, Jacob, mentioned. .242, 251
Dutch, treated Indians with
kindness  330
Dutch ancestors, mentioned, 362, 367
Dutch loan, mentioned  101
Dutchess county, New York,
mentioned  183, 419
Dyer, Eliphalet, mentioned. .39, 67
68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 82
Dyoghagweate, or William,
sachem, mentioned  353
E.
EARLE, GENERAL PERDI=
NAND PINNEY, mentioned.. 414
East India Company, Danish,
mentioned  60
Swedish, mentioned  60
East Indies, mentioned  59, 104
East river, mentioned  285, 398
Eastchester, mentioned  251, 279
281, 282
Eastern states, mentioned  416
Elbe river, Germany, mentioned 59
Elquegonteneayea, or Agontena
yea, rift, mentioned  359
Elizabethtown, New Jersey,
mentioned  51, 139, 156, 404
Elk, Head of, mentioned  410
Bllery, William, mentioned. .382, 383
Elliott, Andrew, mentioned. .52, 158
188, 287
Ellsworth, Oliver, mentioned... 135
Elmar House, Whitemarsh,
Pennsylvania, Washington's
headquarters  415
Elmer, Jonathan, mentioned. ... 68
69, 70, 71, 72
Eltham, Va., General George
Washington summoned to
deathbed of John Parke
Custis ,at  411
Emerick,  , mentioned  317
England, mentioned. .52. 59, 87, 88
103, 111, 154, 158, 160
161, 245, 271, 273, 277
Encouraged to continue the
war  3
Endeavoring to induce
America to make a sep
arate peace, Ezra I'Hom
medieu to Governor
George Clinton in regard
to  41-43
Situation in, William Don
aldson to Governor George
Clinton in regard to. . . .50-53

England — (Continued) : pagbj
Solicitude for the loyalists.
Colonel William Floyd to
Governor George Clinton
in regard to  86-8»
and United States, New
York delegates in con
gress inform Governor
George CUnton there Is no
prospect of a commercial
treaty between  259-263
English, mentioned  293, 417
English channel, mentioned. . . . 254
English coasts, mentioned  44
English government, mentioned 189
English privateers, mentioned . . 162
Englishtown, New Jersey, men
tioned  403
Erie, Lake, mentioned. .360, 388, 391
Esoiade (Esoad, Esoadordee),
or Ice mountain, mentioned.. 358
359, 360
Estaing, Comte d' Charles Hec
tor, mentioned  94
Europe, mentioned. .4, 5, 11, 15, 28
37, 43, 44, 59, 62, 74, 78
95, 96, 99, 102, 108, 127
145, 192, 224, 238, 261, 333
No further pecuniary aid
expected from  95, 97, 107
Evacuation of New York, see
New York, Evacuation of.
Evacuation Day, in New York,
plot to plunder the city
on  236, 244, 284, 292
Loyalist's views of events
that preceded  269-278
Ceremonies   293-300
Order of procession  297
Caution to citizens  298
Evan's map, mentioned  345
Evans, Henry, mentioned  58
Ewing, Joshua, mentioned  220
Ewlng, Maskell, junior, men
tioned  220
F.
FAIRFIELD, township, men
tioned  403
Fairlie, Lieutenant James, men
tioned  195
Fayette, vessel, mentioned  101
Federal capital, congress un
able to determine selection of 257
Federal constitution, mentioned, 40, 169
Federal government, mentioned, 28, 83
Resolutions of congress for
adjustment of financial
obligations between states
and  76

General Index.

443

PAGE
Federal Union, mentioned. . .15, 146
226, 333
Fenmore, Thomas, mentioned... 220
Field-book of the Revolution, by
Benson John Lossing  415
Fields, the (the Commons, New
York) , mentioned  305
Finance department, favorable
report from  204r-207
Finance, office of, mentioned  11
18, 19, 38, 40, 85, 95, 173
204, 225, 228
Finance, superintendent of, men
tioned.. 23, 24, 27, 29, 32, 47, 54
55, 77, 85, 86, 114
115, 204, 205, 206
Extract of a letter from. . . 200
Finances, address by congress
on critical condition of
public affairs  169-173
Serious condition of  173-175
Fish, Colonel Nicholas, men
tioned  138, 195, 217
Seeks position of naval offi
cer of port of New York 137
Fisher, George, reports to Gov
ernor George Clinton the
apprehension of several
offenders  217-219
Reports to Governor George
Clinton issues of vast
quantities of bills  217-219
Fishkill, New York, men
tioned  132, 147, 159, 188
218, 244, 403, 406, 416, 419
Original meeting of New
York Society of the Cin
cinnati, held at  217
Fishkill Landing, mentioned. . . 408
Fitzherbert, Alleyne, mentioned, 254, 259
Fitzsimmons, Thomas, men
tioned. . .67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 83
Florida, mentioned  160, 317
Floyd, Colonel William, men
tioned. .6, 8, 14, 44, 45, 57, 65
68, 69. 70. 71. 72, 79, 81
82, 139, 140, 155, 181, 249
To Governor George Clin
ton, in regard to the
evacuation of Charleston,
South Carolina, by the
British  62
In resrard to the pros
pects of peace  62
In regard to congres-
s i o n a 1 legislation,
taxation and war
debts  7.3-76
Renorts to Governor George
Clinton recent C'ongres-
sional proceedings  83-85

PAGE
Floyd, Colonel William— (Con
tinued) :
To Governor George Clin
ton, regarding England's
solicitude for Loyalists. .86-89
Discusses evacuation of
New York with Governor
George Clinton  93-94
Informs Governor George
Clinton of his anxiety to
return to his Long Island
home  138
Transmits to Governor
George Clinton resolutions
01 congress ratifying pre
liminary treaty of peace. . 153
Fly Market, mentioned  293
Fonda, Major Jellis, mentioned, 352, 361
To Governor George Clinton
as to Reverend Mr. Kirk
land advising the Oneidas
not to exchange any of
their lands  34S
Ford, Colonel Jacob, owner of
Ford House, Washington's
headquarters  415
Foreign affairs, office of, men
tioned  3, 393
Secretary of, mentioned. .6, 27
62, 77, 93, 94
Informs Governor
George Clinton he
will continue to act
as such till spring. .. 61
Forest, Mr. de, mentioned  100
Fort , Clinton, mentioned  403
Fort George, mentioned  23
285, 297
Fort Hendrick, mentioned. .358, 360
Fort Herkimer, mentioned .. 346, 394
Fort Lee. mentioned.. .399, 406, 409
Fort Mifflin, mentioned  Ill
Fort Montgomery, mentioned, 399, 404
Fort Schuyler, nientioned. ..12, 327
333, 336. 341, 343. 344
348, 3.50. 351. 360. 370
Joseph Brant, on behalf of
Six Nations, desires to re
new ancient covenant and
proposes that council be
held at  323-325
Governor George Clinton to
United States commis
sioners regarding council
with Indians at  332
To Joseph Brant, as to
- contemplated council
at  334

444

General Index.

PAGE
Fort Schuyler — (Continued) :
Copy of message from
United States commission
ers for Indian affairs, to
chiefs of Six Nations that
they will meet them at.. 337
Henry Glen notifies Gov
ernor George Clinton that
arrangements for proceed
ing have been made  346
Governor George Clinton re
quests James Deane to
meet him there  347
James Deane explains to
Governor George Clinton
his reasons for not arriv
ing sooner at  347
Account of Indian council
at  349-379
William Colbreath receives
from Henry Glen a return
of stores at  379
Fort Stanwix, now Fort Schuy
ler, mentioned.. .325, 327, 328
338, 339, 340, 369, 380
Governor Clinton to James
Deane, interpreter, as to
coming meeting at  336
Fort Washington, battle of,
mentioned  399
Fort Wetinenghra Guentere,
mentioned .  359
Fort Plain, New York, men
tioned  232
Fowler, Andrew, mentioned, 243, 251
Fowler, Captain Theo'ds, men
tioned  195
Fox, Charles James, mentioned 87
161, 245, 272
France, mentioned. .3, 15, 37, 86, 90
104, 107, 147, 148, 154
155, 160, 161, 173, 260
Minister of, mentioned. .45, 97
United States ministers in,
mentioned  253, 254, 263
Court of, mentioned  74, 263
Loans us $1,200,000, nego
tiations conducted by
Franklin  95-108
Peace between Great Brit
ain and, mentioned  272
Fleet and armies of., which
have served in America,
toast drank to.  300
Consul general of, men
tioned  311
Marine department in, Min
ister of, mentioned  316
Francis, Samuel, see Fraunces,
Samuel.

Franklin, Benjamin, mentioned 87-
95, 155
Conducts negotiations for
$1,200,000 loan from
France  95-108
To Robert Morris, regard
ing our credit in Europe, 100-103
Regarding our financial
affairs in France, 103-104
Fraunces, Samuel, known as
Black Sam  304, 305, 306, 307
Fraunces Tavern, mentioned. . . 306
307. "309
Sketch of  304-306
Washington's farewell to
his officers at  306-310
Mentioned  413
Visited by General George
Washington  419
Fredericksburg, New York, men
tioned  403
Fredericktown, mentioned  156
Freeman's Journal, mentioned. . 10
Frelick, Lieutenant Joseph,
mentioned  195
French, the, mentioned  43
French Alliance, mentioned. . . . 161
French army, mentioned. .. .47, 48
102, 408, 409
French auxiliary army, men
tioned  ,  417
French court, mentioned  97
French exchange, James Duane
in regard to  13
French mail packets, establish
ment of line of, between
L'Orient and New York  316
French nation, mentioned  313
Freneau, Philip, his poem com
memorating the attack of the
Asia on New York  306
Fresh-water, mentioned  298
Frey, Major John, mentioned, 350, 352
Frontier posts, Governor George
Clinton to United States com
missioners in relation to  332
Fundy Bay, mentioned  271
G.
GALLOWAY'S LOG HOUSE,
mentioned  401
Ganno, Reverend Mr. John, men
tioned  157
Gansevoort, General Peter, men
tioned  345, 346, 349, 350
352, 361, 364
His claim for higher rank. . 12

General Index.

445

PAGE
Garrison, New York, formerly
Highlands, mentioned  416
Gates, General Horatio, men
tioned  .117, 124, 131
General Assembly, mentioned . . 36
192, 193
General Congress, mentioned. . . 326
George III, mentioned. . 51, 52, 53, 65
87, 90, 103, 133, 136, 147, 148
155, 165, 166, 184, 185, 215, 222
223, 271, 272, 277, 278, 281, 283
284, 295, 319, 323, 328, 366, 376
Disposed to grant independ
ence to America  43
Speech at the opening of
Parliament, 1782  73, 74
His representatives decline
to surrender Public rec
ords to John Morin Scott,
secretary of New York
state  188-191
George, Captain, or Thonwagh
weakavagevea, warrior, men
tioned  353
Georgetown, on Potomac river,
mentioned  248, 261
Erection of public buildings
ordered .at.  247
Selected by congress for
capital  267
Georgia, mentioned  115, 116
Quota of money  39, 46
German Flatts, mentioned. .324, 369
Germantown, Pennsylvania,
mentioned  401
Germany, mentioned  59, 60
Gerry, Elbridge, mentioned  254
Gervais, John Lewis, mentioned
68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 83
Gibraltar, mentioned  74
Gilbert,  , mentioned  61
Gilbert, William, mentioned. .. . 295
Gilbert, William, senior, men
tioned  288, 296, 301
Gilbert, William junior, men
tioned  296, 301
Gilbert, Wm. W., mentioned . 288, 395
Giiman, John Taylor, mentioned 39
67, 68, 69, 71, 72, 82
Qlen, Henry, mentioned  328
334, 340, 342, 344, 347, 349
350, 351, 352, 360, 364, 370
Letter to, from Joseph Brant 327
Peter Ryckman to, anent
Joseph Brant and forth
coming council  341
Informed by Governor
George Clinton that he
and his associates will
proceed shortly to council
place  343

PAGE
Glen, Henry^( Continued) :
Notifies Governor George
Clinton arrangements for
proceeding to Fort Schuy
ler have been made  346
Sends William Colbreath a
return of stores at Fort
Schuyler  379
Gnadenhutten, mentioned  391
Gordon's History of American
Revolution, mentioned  308
Gorge in Highlands, mentioned. 399
Gorham, Nathaniel, mentioned.. 67
68, 69, 71, 72, 82, 395
Governmental resources, defici
encies in  173-175
Governors Island, New York,
mentioned  283, 315, 319
Governor George Clinton
asks Admiral Robert
Digby to give early notice
of his intention to quit. . . 318
Captain Duncan reports to
Governor George Clinton
that remaining British
troops are withdrawn
from  320
Captain James Duncan
gives Governor George
Clinton a list of buildings,
etc., on, and turns over
the keys  321
Graham, Lieutenant (Alex
ander), British Navy,
mentioned  320
Grand, Ferdinand, mentioned. . 101
102, 103
Grant, General James, men
tioned  317
Grasse, Comte Francois Joseph
Paul de, mentioned  36, 410
Grasshopper, Chief, mentioned. 370
Grassy Point, mentioned  418
Great Britain, mentioned  4, 5
43, 73, 74, 87, 92, 133, 134, 136
147, 148, 153, 155, 160, 161, 177
183, 185, 212, 215, 222, 246, 254
255, 259, 260, 271, 274, 297, 326
353, S61, 362, 366, 367, 371. 376
Declined interference of
mediating powers  3
Robert R. Livingston skep
tical of her desire for
peace  89
Peace between France and,
mentioned  272-
Constitution of, mentioned. 277
Great Lakes, mentioned  337, 339
Green, the, mentioned  305
Green, Daniel, mentioned  297
Greene, General Nathanael,
mentioned  43, 399

446

General Index.

PAGE
Greene, Governor William, noti
fies Governor George Clinton
why Rhode Island failed to
sustain New York In the
proposition tostrengthen Arti
cles of Oonfederation  36
Greenwich street, mentioned-. . .
305, 397
Grenville, William Wyndham,
mentioned  43
Grey, Sir Charles, mentioned. . 158
Griffith, Mr.  , mentioned. . . 192
Griffiths, Anth'y, mentioned  291
Guerard, Governor Ben., South
Carolina, asks Governor
George Clinton for list of per
sons banished by laws of
New York  235
Guilderland, N. Y., mentioned. . 13
Gulf Mill, Pa., mentioned  402
Guyons tavern, mentioned  281
H.
HACKENSACK, New Jevsej,
mentioned  399.
Hagentarongwea, or William,
warrior, mentioned  353
Haldimand, Frederick, Governor
General of Canada, men
tioned.,  136, 249, 339
Hall, Mr.  , mentioned  192
Hallett, Captain Jon'a, men
tioned  195
Hallett's wharf, New York,
mentioned  283
Halsey, Halstead and Lidger
wood, mentioned  415
Halstead and Lidgerwood, Hal
sey, mentioned  415
Hamburg, Germany, mentioned, 59, 60
Hamilton, Colonel Alexander,
mentioned  17, 29, 30
34, 44, 57, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71
72, 81, 82, 89, 139, 140, 155
196, 202, 220, 237, 249, 252
Begins to gather informa
tion for the great work
that lies before him  23-25
Renews his request for in
formation to Robert Ben
son  31
His appointment to congress 33-36
Reports to Governor George
Clinton recent Congres
sional proceedings  83-85
Requests Governor George
Clinton's sentiments re
garding Interior defence
of New York  135

PAGE
Hamilton, Colonel Alexander —
(Continued) :
Transmits ¦ to Governor
George Clinton resolu
tions of congress ratify
ing preliminary Treaty of
Peace  153
Regarding plan for funding
public debt  179-181
His duel with Colonel Aaron
Burr, mentioned  414
Hammonds, mentioned  409
Hammonds, N. Y., mentioned. . . 409
Hampshire, new emission
money, mentioned  217
Hamtramck, Captain John F.,
mentioned  195
Hancock, Governor John, of
Massachusetts, mentioned. ... 65
262, 269
Hand, General Edward, men
tioned  129
Hanson, John, narrates persecu
tions he endured and property
losses because of his devotion
to cause of America  160-163
Hardwick, Mass., mentioned. . . 218
Haring, John, mentioned  17
Harlem, New York, mentioned. 291
298, 398. 399, 413, 419
Harlem Heights, New York,
mentioned  398, 399, 414
Harper, Colonel John, or T'ha
oughweanjavergan (Though
weanjawegen), mentioned. . . .
357, 373
Harpur, Robert, mentioned. 132, 184
Hartford, Connecticut, men
tioned  65, 397, 406, 408, 419
Hartley, Daniel, mentioned  245
255, 260
Harwood, W., mentioned  193
Hasbrouck House, Newburgh,
New York, Washington's
headquarters  418
Hatheghserarin, Onondaga
deputy to Council  370
Haussman, owner of Smith's
house, Washington's head
quarters  418
Haverstraw, New York, men
tioned  403, 417
Haverstraw Bay, mentioned  403
Hawkins, Benjamin, mentioned
68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 83
Hay, Colonel Ann Hawkes, men
tioned  410
Hay, Colonel Udny, mentioned. 33, 76
Heath, General William, men
tioned  157, 398, 399, 404

General Index.

447

Heath, General William — (Con
tinued) :
Portrays to General George
Washington distresses of
the army  197-199
General George Washington
to, regarding the dis
tresses of the army. . .200-202
Heath-Washington correspond
ence, forwarded to several
states by President Boudinot,
as an object lesson  210
liegeman family, once in pos
session of Hopper house,
Washington's headquarters. . . 416
Hempstead, mentioned. .278,283, 280
I-Iemsley, William, mentioned. . 83
Henderson, Thomas, mentioned. 220
Henniger, Christopher, men
tioned  304
Henry, J., mentioned  383
Heroes, who have fallen for our
freedom, memory of, toast
drank to  300
Herricks, Long Island, men
tioned  278, 283, 286
Hessians, mentioned  317
Fifteen hundred reported to
have arrived within
Sandy Hook  35
Higgenson, Stephen, mentioned. 82
Highland defences, mentioned. . 399
Highland gorge, mentioned  417
Highlands, mentioned  78, 399
406, 411
Highlands, now Garrison, New
York, mentioned  416
Hill, Captain David, or Ka
ronghuotye, Mohawk deputy
to council  370
Hillegas Notes, mentioned. .217, 218
Hobart, Justice John Sloss,
mentioned  184
Hoboken, New Jersey, mentioned 397
Holland, mentioned  37, 95, 96
101, 104
Holmes, Doctor Silas, writes in
favor of Doctor Richard Bay-
ley  266
Holt, John, mentioned  24, 33
Holten, Samuel, mentioned. .67, 68
69, 71, 72, 82
Honeywell, Captain Isaac jun
ior, mentioned.. 209, 213, 233, 239
Hopewell, New Jersey, men
tioned .'  403
Hopkins, Commodore Esek, men
tioned  233, 234, 398, 419
Hopper, Andrew, mentioned  284
Owner of Hopper house,
Washington's headquar
ters  406. 416

PAGE
Horans Hook, mentioned  285
Hornblower, Josh'h, mentioned. 220
House of Commons, resolve of . . 52
Howard, Captain Vashel D.,
mentioned  129
Howell, David, mentioned  39
58, 382
Hudson river, mentioned  81, 140
168, 177, 199, 261, 262, 269, 393
397, 399, 403, 405, 409, 410, 418
Hull, Mr., mentioned  ,. 178
Hull, Lieutenant Colonel Tre
vor, mentioned  241
Humphreys, Colonel David,
aide-de-camp to General
George Washington  157
Hunt, John, mentioned  403
Hunt, Lieutenant Colonel Will
iam, mentioned. .210, 214, 243, 251
Hutton, Lieutenant and Adju
tant Christ'r, mentioned  195
Huysman, Aert, mentioned  395
I.
ICE, Esoiade (Esoad) (Esoador
dee) mountain, mentioned .... 858
859, 860
Independence, establishment of,
mentioned  178
Congratulatory address to
Governor George Clinton
on  230-232
Independence of America, men
tioned. . . .43, 53, 222, 230, 265, 290
331, 390
Indian Council, held at Loyal
village  323
Indian Council, at Fort Schuy
ler, letters regarding. .327-332
Governor George Clinton to
United States commis
sioners in regard to  332
Chancellor Livingston in
vited by Governor George
Clinton on part of com
missioners to participate
in  336
United States commission
ers for Indian affairs sug
gest to Governor George
Clinton that New York's
course at be subordinate
to General Treaty  339
Peter Ryckman to Henry-
Glen concerning  .^. . 341
Governor George Clinton
through Henry Glen noti
fies Joseph Brant of
change in his time of pro
ceeding to  343

448

General Index.

PAGE
Indian Council — (Continued) :•
Discussed at Albany by
New York commissioners
for Indian affairs  345
Proceedings of  349-379
Indian question, James Duane's
sentiments on  328-332
Ireland, mentioned  53
Irish Independence, offered to
America  35
Isle-au-Noix, mentioned. .... .47, 48
Itghnejonkeu, or Cornelius, war
rior, mentioned  353
Itinerary, Washington, June,
1775— January, 1784  396-413
Itnentshontye, or Paulus, war
rior, mentioned  353
Izard, Ralph, mentioned. .68, 69, 70
71, 72, 83, 234, 248
J.
JACKSON, COLONEL HENRY,
mentioned  294
Jackson, Jwiathan, mentioned.. 39
Jacob, or Black Smith, warrior,
mentioned  353
Jacob, Preed, or Atsiaklatye,
warrior, mentioned  353
Jamaica, Long Island, men
tioned  317
Jamaica ships, four, mentioned. 101
Janeway, George, mentioned  288
296, 301
Jay, Sir James, his capture at
Second river  11
Jay, John, secretary of Foreign
affairs, mentioned  37, 155
Announces to Governor
George Clinton the birth
of Duke of Normandy  393
.Tefferson, Thomas, mentioned. . 339
Jersey, see New Jersey.
Jersey City, see Paulus Hook
and Powles Hook.
Joghahi Pen, Tuscarora deputy
to Council  371
John, or Terghhathaghtous, war
rior, mentioned  ,  353
John, or Teyekanatsiajere, sa
chem, mentioned.  353
John Jurry, chief, mentioned. . . 370
Johnson,  , mentioned  383
Johnsons Landing, mentioned. . . 360
Johnston, Lieutenant James,
mentioned  195
Jones, D., mentioned  52
Jones, James, family still in pos
session of Potts House, Wash
ington's headquarters  416
Jones, John, mentioned  305

PAGE
Jones, Doctor John, congratu
lates Governor Clinton on res
toration of peace and estab-
lishment of Independence. ... 1'°
Jones, Joseph, mentioned  68, 69
70, 71, 72, 83
Jones, Judge Thomas, views of
regarding New York, prior to
Evacuation Day  278
Jumel, Madame, married Col
onel Aaron Burr  414
Jumel Mansion, mentioned  398
Jurry, John, chief, mentioned. . 370
Justice, may It support what
courage has gained, toast..... 300
K.
KAGENTWAGHGEGH, or Cap
tain Abeel, Seneca deputy to
council  371
Kanaweadon, Oneida deputy to
council  371
Karonghuotye, or Captain David
Hill, Mohawk deputy to coun
cil  370
Karonghyageten, Cayuga deputy
to. council  371
Kashightoghare, Onondaga dep
uty to council  370
Keiths, Pennsylvania, men
tioned  399, 400
King, Rufus, mentioned  382, 383
Kingsbridge, New York, men
tioned. .176, 183, 233, 278, 283, 285
397, 398, 399, 409, 410, 419
Kings county, mentioned  184
Kings Ferry, New York, men
tioned  237, 405, 410
Kingston, New York, mentioned 63
79, 91
Suggested as National capi
tal  92
Kingston, New Jersey, men
tioned  403
Kipp, Henry, mentioned  288
296, 301
Kirkland (Cortland), Reverend
Samuel, mentioned. . .337, 352
361, 365
Reported to have advised
Oneidas not to exchange
any of their lands  343
Joseph Brant to United
States commissioners re
garding duplicity of  380
Klock, Jacob G., mentioned. 351, 352
Knolton,  , mentioned  .' 64
Knox, General Henry, mentioned 129
217, 265, 297, 299, 308, 310, 323
Report of the committee to.
115-117

General Index.

449

^''"''¦tlSiTaTf Henry-(Con-"°"
Governor George Clinton to
regarding Evacuation of
New York  280
Receives a resolution of
thanks from Council for
his services  322
Knox, Mrs. Henry, mentioned. . 280

LaFAYETTE, MARQUIS DE,
Marie Jean Paul, mentioned, 100, 407
Laight street, New York, men
tioned  397
Lamb, Colonel John, deprecates
congressional resolution that
troops retain their arms when
the army is disbanded  163
Land office, organization of . . . . 63
Lansing, Colonel Gerardus, men
tioned  345, 346
Lasher, Colonel John, ordered
by Governor George Clinton to
take possession of all for
feited houses and lands in
New York till legislature shall
dispose of same  317
La Sophie, vessel, mentioned . . . 315
Laurens, Henry, mentioned.. . 87, 155
245, 246, 326
Lauzun, Due de, officer In
French army, mentioned  102
Lawrence, Elisha, mentioned. . . 220
Lawrence, John, mentioned  184
Lawrence, Jona., mentioned. .17, 395
Lee, Arthur, mentioned. .39, 69, 70
71, 72, 83
United States commissioner
for Indian affairs, men
tioned  337, 338, 340
Governor George Clinton to,
regarding frontier posts
and coming council with
Indians at Fort Schuyler. 332
Lee, General Charles, mentioned 397
Lee, Richard H., mentioned  391
Lee. Thomas Sim, mentioned. . . 83
Le Foy, Thomas, mentioned. . . . 295
Lent, Jacob, mentioned  233
Le Rov, Herman, mentioned... 14
15, 181
Lexington, Kentucky, mentioned 157
I'Hommedieu, Ezra, mentioned. 8
\ 14, 16, 35, 38, 43, 45, 55
62, 65, 76, 81, 88, 203, 235
239, 250, 251, 256, 263, 264
29

I'Hommedieu, Ezra — (Contin
ued) :
To Governor George Clinton
on news from Europe
and disordered finan
ces of the country. . . 37
In regard to England
endeavoring to induce
America to make a
separate peace  41-43
On Vermont dispute .! 41-43
Informs Governor George
Clinton that Philadelphia
desires congress to return
there for political pur
poses  237-239
Reports to Governor George
Clinton Sir Guy Carle
ton's complaints against
New York authorities . . .
245-247
Notifies Governor George
Clinton congress will ad
journ from Princeton to
Annapolis  247
Believes Virginia entertains
designs to seize Niagara. 248-250
To Governor George Clinton
regarding abuses com
mitted under preliminary
treaty  254-256
Compelled to leave congress 263
Liberty, May a close union of
the states guard temple
erected to, toast  300
Liberty Pole, Bergen county.
New Jersey, mentioned  406
Lidgerwood, Halsey, Halstead
and, mentioned  415
Light Infantry, advanced guard
of, mentioned  298
Battalion of, mentioned .... 299
Corps of, mentioned  307
308, 310
Lilburn, Adam, occupant of
Smith's House, Washington's
headquarters  418
Lispenard, Colonel Leonard,
mentioned  397
Litchfield, Connecticut, men
tioned  408
Little Miami river, mentioned. . 391
Livingston, Brockholst, New
York common council offers a
conditional reward for assail
ants of  395
Livingston, Colonel Henry, men
tioned  418
Livingston, John, mentioned .... 352
361, 364

450

General Index.

PAGE
Livingston, Robert Clermont,
mentioned  268
Livingston, Chancellor Robert
R., mentioned. .35, 50, 54, 62
73, 90, 91, 92, 100, 110, 337, 383
Concerning British misrep
resentations  3-6
Resignation of, as secretary
of Foreign affairs  53
Continues to act as secre
tary, however, temporarily 61
To Governor George Clin
ton, in regard to expense
and dissipation of Phila
delphia  77-79
Skeptical of Great Britain's
desire for peace  89
To Governor George Clin
ton, regarding the pros
pects of peace, etc  109
Invited by Governor George
Clinton on part of com
missioners to participate
in Indian Council  336
Livingston, Mrs. Robert R., men
tioned  92, 110
Livingston, Van Brugh, owner
of Livingston House which
General George Washington
visited  419
Livingston, Walter, mentioned.. 30
Livingston, Governor William,
of New Jersey, mentioned. . 88, 264
Livingston House, Dobbs Ferry,
New York, visited by General
George Washington  419
Lodowick, or Asharago, warrior,
mentioned  353
London, England, mentioned. . . 53
60, 74
Long Island, New York, men
tioned  51, 1.38, 139
149, 166, 167, 184, 203, 234
256, 264, 278, 279, 283, 284
286, 292, 294, 317, 398, 414
Sir Guy Carleton perplexed
over condition of af
fairs on  175-177
Promises to withdraw
troops from, by De
cember 4, 1783  319
Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth,
homestead of formerly Vas
sall House, or Craigie House,
Washington's headquarters. . . 414
.L'Orient, establishment of line
of French mail packets be
tween it and New York  316
Lossing, Benson John, author of
Field Book of the Revolu
tion  415

PAGE
Lott, Abra'm P., mentioned  288
301, 395
Loudon, Samuel, mentioned.... 295
Louis XVI, mentioned.. .96, 104, 105
106, 107, 294, 313, 316, 393
His most Christian Majesty,
toast drank to  299
Louis, Lieutenant Colonel, or
Atyetoghharongevia, warrior,
mentioned  353
Loyal village, Indian council
held at  323
Loyalists, ex-Lieutenant Gov
ernor Cadwallader Colden
seeks Governor George Clin
ton's intercession for  221-224
Ludlow, George, mentioned  317
Luzerne, Chevalier de la, M.,
mentioned  95, 100
To Robert Morris, regard
ing our financial affairs
In France  .104^108
Lyng, John Burt, mentioned... 303
M.
HADISON, JAMES, mentioned,
68, 69, 70, 71, 73, 83, 135, 19G
Magazine of American History,
mentioned  419
Malcolm (Malcom), Colonel
William, mentioned  153
Malcom, Mr.  , mentioned. . 266
Marine, agent of, mentioned. .77, 155
Marine, department in France,
Minister of, mentioned  310
Marine, Society of New York
city, address to Governor
George Clinton on his entry
into the city  289-291
Marshall, Captain Elihu, men
tioned  295
Marshall's Life of Washington,
mentioned  314
Maryland, mentioned. .68, 69, 70, 71
72, 79, 83, 116, 156, 247, 310
Quota of money  39, 46
House of Delegates, men
tioned  192, 193
Legislature, mentioned. .192, 221
Senate, mentioned  192
and New York, New Jersey
and Virginia, compete for
National capital  219
Mason's arms, mentioned  305
Massachusetts, mentioned. ... 67 68
69, 71, 72, 82, 113, 116, 135, 218
Quota of money  39. 4g
Suggestion from, for a gen
eral system of taxation. . 65
New emission money  217

General Index.

451

PAGE
Massachusetts — (Continued) :
Lays claim to New York's
western lands  259-263
Delegates in congress, men
tioned  261
Appoints three commission
ers to act with New York
on question of lands  269
Its claim to land In New
York state  393-395
Provincial congress, men
tioned  397
Provisional congress, men
tioned  414
House of Representatives,
mentioned.. .65, 262, 269, 395
Legislature, mentioned  261
269, 393, 394
Resolution regarding
New York's western
lands  262
Order of, concerning its
claim to land in New
York state  395
Senate, mentioned  65, 261
269, 395
Troops, battalion of, men
tioned  299
Mathew, General Edward, men
tioned  162
Matuchen Hill, Pa., mentioned. . 402
May, William, mentioned  218
McConkeys Ferry, now Taylors-
ville, Pa., mentioned  400
McDougall, General Alexander,
mentioned. .113, 117, 131, 217, 244
McFarlln, Mr.  , mentioned. . 338
McGowans Pass, N. Y., men
tioned  278, 283, 285
McKean, Chief Justice Thomas,
mentioned  11, 39
McKesson, John, mentioned. .32, 33
McKinney, James, mentioned. . . 297
McLean, General Allan, men
tioned  136
Meade, Isaac, mentioned  304
Mechers, Mr.  , mentioned . . 192
Mediterranean Sea, mentioned. . 254
Menema, Surgeon Da'I., men
tioned  195
Mercer, John Francis, men
tioned  68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 83
Mercereau, Jos., mentioned  320
Meyer (Mayer), John, men
tioned  349
Middle States, mentioned  416
Middlebrook, N. J., mentioned, 400, 404
Middleton, Arthur, mentioned. . 42
Middletown, N. J., mentioned, 62, 237

PAGE
."Niifflin, General Thomas, men
tioned  57, 69, 70, 83, 311, 312
Military children. May our
country be grateful to, toast. 300
Jliller family, owners of Miller
House, Washington's head
quarters  415
Mills, Harriet, owner of Pomp
ton, Washington's headquar
ters  415
^lisslsslppi river, mentioned. ... 87
Mohawk river, mentioned. .232, 374
Jlohawks, mentioned. .323, 332, 349
351, 361, 365, 370, 375
Monmouth, N. J., battle of, men
tioned  403
Court house of, mentioned. . 403
Monroe, Mr. James, mentioned. 332
Monroe, Colonel James  339, 383
At Schenectady, unable to
understand why British
continue to hold military
posts in New York state. . 338
Montanye, Mr.  , mentioned. 182
Montgomery, John, mentioned. . 10
11, 34, 42, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 83
Morehouse, Colonel Andrew,
mentioned  419
Morehouse's tavern. Pawling,
now Dover, New York, visited
by General George Washing
ton  419
Morgan's tavern, mentioned. . . . 408
Morris, Mr.  •, mentioned. . . . 352
361, 365, 370
Morris, E., mentioned  317
Morris, Lewis, mentioned  94
Morris, Louis, mentioned  253
Morris, Chief Justice Richard,
mentioned. .181, 184, 186, 209, 253
Directed to repair to West
chester county  182
Requests Governor George
Clinton to appoint his son
to clerkship of New York . 252
Morris, BIrs. Richard, mentioned 182
Jlorris, Robert, superintendent
of finance, mentioned. ... 20
21, 23, 29, 31, 39, 41, 55, 61
86, 93, 100, 103, 104, 109, 249
Circular letter of, regarding
policy of states toward
paying their troops  18
Protests to governors of the
states against the collec
tion of state and United
States taxes  19
Submits to Governor George
Clinton acts of ' congress
for amelioration of the
troops  38

452

General Index.

PAGE
Morris, Robert — (Continued) :
Appeals for justice for the
army  40
Authorizes paymaster gen
eral to settle army ac
counts with the several
states  85
To president of congress,
regarding the financial
condition of our country, 95-99
To Governor George Clin
ton, regarding defi
ciencies in governmental
resources  173-175
Administration warmly
commended  204^-207
Resents imputation that he
has speculated in public
bills  225-228
Superintendent of Finance,
on necessity of taxes and
economy in national ex
penses  225-230
To president of congress
regarding economy In na
tional expenses  228-230
Morris, Colonel Roger, men
tioned  .398, 414
Blorris House, Harlem Heights,
New York, Washington's
headquarters  414
Morris notes, mentioned. .. .217, 218
Morristown, New Jersey, men
tioned. .400, 404, 405, 407, 411, 415
Mortier House, later Richmond
Hill, New York city, Wash
ington's headquarters  414
Blount Vernon, Virginia, men
tioned  307, 314, 410, 411
Munro, Colonel  , mentioned 352
361. 364
Musgrave, Brigadier General
Thomas, mentioned  241
Muskingum river, mentioned . . . 391
N.
NANTES, FRANCE, mentioned tOO
Narrows, The, mentioned ...,., 284
Nash, Abner, mentioned  57
Nassau Island, mentioned  281
National capital, strife for. .259-263
Annapolis suggested as. . . . 192
Kingston suggested as  92
New Jersey and Virginia
compete with New York
and Maryland for  219
Nottingham, New , Jersey,
suggested as  220
Williamsburg, Virginia, sug
gested as  , 220

PAGE
National copyright, resolution
of congress for  164
National council, mentioned  258
National debt, backwardness of
states toward settlement
of  75, 131
Congress considers plan for
adjustment of. .66-72, 76, 77
Congress recommends ef
fectual provision for. .169-173
National expenses, Robert Mor
ris urges economy and reduc
tion in  225, 228-230
Neilson, Wm., mentioned  395
Neshaminy Bridge, mentioned. . 401
Newark, New Jersey, men
tioned  397, 399
New Bridge, New Jersey, men
tioned  406, 409
New Brunswick, New Jersey,
mentioned  397, 399, 403
Newburgh, New York, men
tioned.. .65, 108, 112, 135, 136
156, 217, .411, 412, 413, 418
Mutiny, mentioned  110
Washington's diplomatic
course In quelling it,
111-131
Development of the plot 113
New England, mentioned. . .236, 273
New England states, mentioned 264
Newfoundland, mentioned  271
New Hampshire, see also Ver
mont.
New Hampshire, mentioned. .27, 65
67, 68, 69, 71
72, 82, 116, 382
State Assembly, mentioned. 26
Quota of money  39, 46
William Floyd suggests
compromise with  73
Grants, mentioned. .. .7, 43, 56
57, 73
New Haven, Connecticut, men
tioned  398
New Jersey, mentioned  38
51, 68. 69. 70. 71, 72, 83
96, 116, 256, 294, 397, 398
399. 40O, 401, 402, 4a3, 404
405. 406. 407, 411, 416, -419
Ouota of money  39, 46
Legislature, mentioned  40
New emission money, men
tioned  217
and Virginia compete with
New York and Maryland
for national capital  219
Her generous offer for na
tional capital  220
Assembly, mentioned  220

General Index.

453

PAGE
New Jersey — (Continued) :
Legislature, resolutions of,
regarding national capi
tal  220
Council of, mentioned. .220, 221
Quota of men  383
Blilitia, mentioned  415
New London, Connecticut, men
tioned  398, 419
Newport, Rhode Island, men
tioned  401, 408
Newtown, Pennsylvania, men
tioned  400
New Utrecht, Long Island, men
tioned  283, 284, 292
New Windsor, New York, men
tioned  404, 407, 408, 409, 412
New York city, mentioned. . .50, 51
52, 53, 66, 78, 94, 126, 133
139, 140, 154, 166, 167
168, 175, 178, 184, 186
189, 190, 203, 207, 213
220, 221, 222, 237, 238
239, 246, 250, 253, 258
265, 266, 270, 274, 294
299, 303, 305, 309, 314
315, 317, 318, 338, 339
345, 381, 396, 397, 398
409, 413, 414, 417, 419
Evacuation of, mentioned,
255, 256,. 260, 263, 264, 271
272, 273, 275, 277, 279, 282
285, 286, 287, 292, 294, 304
Under consideration, 245-247
British council in, ¦ refused
to surrender public rec
ords of New York state to
John Morin Scott  188, 215
Plots to plunder on Evacua
tion day  236, 244, 284, 292
Judge Richard Morris re
quests Governor George
Clinton to appoint his
son to clerkship of  252
Governor George Clinton
asks General George
Washington's cooperation
to protect It when British
march away  257
Judge Jones' views regard
ing the condition of, prior
to evacuation of the Brit
ish  269-278
Captain Sam. Delivan of
fers his troop of horse as
escort to Governor George
Clinton upon his entrance
into  279
Sir Guy Carleton alludes to
plot to plunder on Evac
uation day  282

PAGE
New York city — (Continued) :
J'Xarine Society, address to
Governor George Clinton
on his entry into the
city  289-291
Preliminary arrangements
and events prior to
British leaving  293
Sentiment in, at time of
evacuation  293
How Americans took pos
session of  298
Sons of the Revolution of . . 306
Common council offers a
conditional reward for as
sailants of Brockholst
Livingston  395
New York county, mentioned. . . 184
317, 318
New York state, mentioned. .15, 19
22, 23, 24, 36, 37, 40, 41, 42
43, 47, 48, 54; 56, 58, 65, 68
69, 70, 71, 72, 80, 82, 85
89, 90, 95, 96, 116, 138, 139
140, 142, 148, 149, 152, 157
160, 163, 164, 166, 175, 176
177, 179, 180, 181, 182, 185
189, 191, 196, 213, 214, 228
230, 231, 234, 235, 236, 237
238, 242, 247, 251, 253, 256
258, 264, 288, 290, 292, 320
321, 328, 329, 330, 331, 335
336, 340, 342, 358, 362, 372
374, 380, 386, 396, 399, 403
406, 407, 415, 416, 417, 419
List of acts of, wanted for
use of the superintendent
of finance  25
Resolutions to strengthen
the articles of confedera
tion. Governor George
Clinton forwards a copy
to President Weare of
New Hampshire  26-29
Quota of men  383
Quota of money  39, 46
Cession of western lands
by, accepted by congress, 49, 55
Real estate, Robert R. Liv
ingston to Governor
George Clinton, in regard
to speculation in  77-79
Outlook for real estate
speculation In  93
Prepares for home defence
when British evacuate
frontier posts  108
John Morin Scott's project
for protection of, upon
evacuation of British
army  132-134

454

General Index.

PAGE
New York state — (Continued) :
Act for temporary govern
ment of southern part
of  132-134
Instructions touching res
toration of, to civil au
thorities  134
In regard to interior de
fence of  135
Colonel Nicholas Fish seeks
position of naval officer
of  137
John Morin Scott's deter
mination to regain juris
diction over southern dis
trict of  147-153
Rights of ships to frequent
waters of G o v e r no r
George Clinton to Sir Guy
Carleton, regarding. . .165-108
Second regiment, line of,
presents colors of regi
ment to Governor George
Clinton  193
Unrepresented In congress . . 202
British order for restora
tion of property to pro
prietors in southern part
of  203
Society of the Cincinnati,
officers of  217
Original meeting held
at Fishkill  217
and Maryland, New Jersey
and Virginia compete
with for national capital 219
Authorities, Ezra rHomme
dieu reports to Governor
George Clinton Sir Guy
Carleton's complaints
against  245-247
Blassachusetts' claim to
land in  259-263, 393-395
Massachusetts appoints
three commissioners to
act with, on question of
lands  260
Judge Thomas Jones' his
tory of, mentioned  278
Sir Guy Carleton notifies
Governor George Clinton
he will be unable to with
draw from it before No
vember 25, 1783  282
Orders relating to with
drawal of British troops
from various posts in,
and vicinity  285
Address to Governor George
Clinton of citizens re
turned from exile  287

PAGE
New York state — (Continued) :
Resolutions adopted by ex
iles from  294
Address of citizens to Gen
eral George Washington. 300
General George Washing
ton's reply lo aadress of
citizens  301
Address of firemen of, to
Governor George Clinton. 302
Establishment of line of
I'rench mall packets be
tween L'Orient and  316
Governor George Clinton
orders Colonels Willet
and Lasher to take pos
session of all forfeited
houses and lands in, till
¦Legislature shall dispose
of same  317
Major Philip Skene desires
to return to America and
become a citizen of. .... . 326
Colonel James Monroe at
Schenectady unable to un
derstand why British con
tinue to hold military
posts in  338
United States commission
ers for Indian affairs sug
gest to Governor George
Clinton that Its course at
coming Indian council be
subordinate to general
treaty  339
Correspondence relative to
line between Pennsylvania
and  385-387
Assembly, mentioned. .. .27, 29
32, 59, 92, 108, 109
133, 165, 299, 381
Tax bill reform  63
Commissioners for Indian af
fairs mentioned. .323, 334, 341
343, 344, 346, 349, 350
351, 352, 353, 356, 360
363, 364, 365, 368, 370
373, 375, 377, 378, 379
Discuss at Albany ap
proaching council . . . 345
Council for regulation and
government of southern
district of, mentioned,
134, 141, 142, 158, 167, 183
184, 185, 243, 279, 281, 282
291, 292, 298, 299, 307, 308
List of powers vested
in  132, 133
Of whom it consisted. . 165
Deplores Sir Guy Car
leton's diffidence. .183-186

General Index.

455

PAGE
New York state — Council for,
etc. — (Continued) :
Governor George Clin
ton forwards to Sir
Guy Carleton pro
ceedings of  186-188
Resolution of thanks to
General Henry Knox.. 322, 323
Delegates in congress, men
tioned  108, 225, 382
Informed that Governor
George Clinton is
prostrated with fever 250
Informed that Governor
George Clinton is
convalescing  252
Inform Governor
George Clinton there
is no prospect of a
commercial treaty be
tween United States
and England  259-263
Governor George Clin
ton apprises them of
approaching adjourn
ment of the Legisla
ture  381
Evacuation of, mentioned. . 167
208, 244, 283, 322, 323, 414
Discussed by Colonel
William Floyd to
Governor George Clin
ton  93
Sir Guy Carleton's
proposition to meet
Gene r a 1 George
Washington to dis
cuss it  156-158
Conference of Sir Guy
Carleton with Gen
eral George Wash
ington in regard to,
165-168
By British to take place
in November  259-263
Question about date of. 263
Sir Guy Carleton fixes
official date for No
vember 22, 1783  278
Governor George Clin
ton to General Henry
Knox as to  280
Sir Guy Carleton to
Gen eral Ge or ge
Washington regard
ing  283
Governor George Clin
ton makes final dis
position with Sir Guy
Carleton for  291
Statement of British
troops at time of . . . . 317

New York state — (Continued) :
Evacuation Day in, Loyal
ist's views of events
that preceded  269-278
Order of procession. . . . 297
Legislature, mentioned .... 4
5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14
16, 21, 26, 28, 30, 31, 33
34, 38, 49, 57, 61, 62, 63
73, 78, 81, 84, 91, 92, 108
131, 132, 133, 141, 143, 150
151, 165, 169, 183, 184, 223
240, 246, 249, 250, 261, 262
269, 270, 274, 281, 318, 323
326, 332, 333, 345, 354, 355
363, 385, 392, 393, 394, 418
Tax of, for continental pur
poses  20
Resolutions, regarding criti
cal condition of affairs. . 27-29
Governor George Clinton
orders Colonels Willet
and Lasher to take pos
session of all forfeited
houses and lands in the
state till it shall dispose
of same  317
Governor George Clinton
apprises New York dele
gates in congress of its
approaching adjournment 381
Governor George Clinton
lays resolutions of con
gress before  384
Public records, British
council in New York city
refuse to surrender them
to John Morin Scott. .188, 215
Governor George Clin
ton expostulates with
Sir Guy Carleton re
garding  211-216
Sir Guy Carleton di
rects them to be de
livered to such per
sons as the governor
shall designate  278
John Blorin Scott dele
gated to receive them 280
John Blorin Scott noti
fied of his appoint
ment to receive them 281
John Morin Scott to
Governor George
Clinton regarding. . . 286
Senate, mentioned. . .27, 32, 33
63, 92, 108, 133, 165, 381
Niagara, New York, men
tioned  136, 249, 327, 335
338, 342, 360, 369, 372, 376

456

General Index.

PAGE
Niagara, New York — (Contin
ued) :
Ezra I'Hommedieu believes
Virginia entertains de
signs to seize  248-250
Nicola, Colonel Lewis, writes a
remarkable letter to Washing
ton  111. 1.12
Nicoll,  , mentioned. . .64, 81, 88
Nicoll family, owners of Smith's
House, Washington's head
quarters  418
Niskee Tribe, mentioned  359
Normandy, Duke of, his birth
announced to Governor George
Clinton by John Jay  393
North, Ijord Frederick, men
tioned  161
North America, mentioned. . .59, 74
North Carolina, mentioned. .68, 69
70, 71, 72, 83, 116
Quota of money  39, 46
North Castle, New York, men
tioned  399, 409
Northern army, mentioned  210
Northern frontier, mentioned. . 11
48, 108, 145
North river. New York, men-
• tioned  285, 339
North sea, mentioned  254
Northwestern frontier. Governor
George Clinton receives from
secretary of congress copy of
acts for protection of  382-384
Norwich, Connecticut, men
tioned  397
Norwich, New York, men
tioned  266
Nottingham, New Jersey, sug
gested as National capital .... 220
Nova Scotia, mentioned  188, 256
271, 277, 316, 391
O.
OGDEN, COLONEL MATTHEW,
mentioned  113, 117
Oghghwagas, see Oneidas.
Oghniogueenton, Cayuga deputy
to council.'  371
Oguntlngarist, mentioned  359
Ohio river, mentioned. .... .325, 337
339, 360, 386, 388, 391
Old Headquarters, Ford House,
Washington's headquarters. . . 415
Oneale, Mr.  , mentioned. . . . 192
Oneida, New York, mentioned. . 337
342, 351
Oneida (Oneyda) lake, men
tioned  359
Oneidas (Oneydas), or Oghgh
wagas, mentioned. . . .322, 332
338, 342, 350, 351, 352, 353

PAGE
Oneidas (Oneydas), or Oghgh
wagas, mentioned — (Con
tinued) :
357, 359, 360, 361, 365, 370
371, 373, 377, 379, 381, 394 •
Reported to have been ad
vised by Reverend Mr.
Kirkland not to exchange
any of their lands  348
Onondaga, New York, mentioned 329
341, 342, 359, 350, 361, 366
Onondaga river, mentioned  359
Onondagas, mentioned  323, 332
335, 349, 351, 361, 370
Ontario lake, mentioned  360
Orangetown, New York, men
tioned  406, 412
Conference held at  140
Oriskany (Oriskeny), New
York, mentioned  264
Oriskie Indians, mentioned.'... 374
Osgood, Samuel, mentioned. .57, 58
67, 68, 82, 135
Oswald (Oswell), Richard, men
tioned  88, 254, 259
Sketch of  87
Commissioner of George III 155
Oswego, New York, mentioned.. 16
17, 34, 48, 136, 338, 360, 372, 376
Oswego river, mentioned  359, 360
Otatshete, or Cornelius, sachem,
mentioned  353
¦ Oyi>nawaga creek, mentioned. . . 360

PAINE, EPHRAIM, mentioned 29, 109
Palisades, mentioned  399
Paramus, New Jersey, men
tioned  403, 404, 406, 407
Paris, France, mentioned  94
100, 155
British commissioner at,
mentioned  245
British commissioners at,
mentioned  272
Preliminary articles for a
general peace signed at. . 93
Provisional articles signed
at  272
United States commission
ers at, mentioned  238
245, 272
United States ministers at,
mentioned  254, 259
Paris, Ville de, French man of
war, mentioned  410
Park,  , mentioned  222
Parker,  , commissioner,
mentioned  218, 246, 263, 264
Parkers Ford, mentioned  401

General Index.

457

PAGE
Parker's Post Boy, newspaper,
mentioned  305
Parliament, mentioned. . .51, 52, 53
65. 103, 148
Speech of George III at
opening of, in 1782  73, 74
Passaic, New Jersey, mentioned 406
Passaic County Hotel, men
tioned  415
Passaic Falls, mentioned  .' 407
Passy, France, mentioned . .10, 103
Paul, Joseph, owner of Potts
House, Washington's head
quarters  416
Paulding, WllHam, mentioned. 23
Paulus, or Itnentshomtye, ' war
rior, mentioned  353
Paulus Hook, see also Powles
Hook, Jersey City, men
tioned  279, 283, 286, 317
Pawling, Captain Henry, men
tioned  195
Pawling, now Dover, Dutchess
county. New York, men
tioned  419
Peace, prevented by change in
British Ministry  37
Expected to take place. . . 43
62, 134, 165
Suggestion for m King's
speech  74
Official confirmation of ex
pected  75
Copy of articles of, re
ceived b.v Governor
Gr€0!rge Clinton from
William Floyd  86-89
Robert R. Livingston skep
tical of Great Britain's
desire for  89
Contingencies depending
upon  90, 91, 92
Recall of cruisers conse
quent upon prospect of. . 93
Negotations for, memtioned. 100
Approaching  103
Governor Clinton brings to
Washington's attention
necessity of spreading
intelligence of, among
western British posts... 136
John Morin Scott repro
bates practice of Ameri
cans entering British
lines until it is as
sured  147-153
Resolutions of congress
ratifying preliminary
treaty of, transmitted to
Governor George Clinton
by Alexander Hamilton
and William Floyd  153 '

Peace — (Continued) :
Restoration of, mentioned. 178
Congratulatory address
to Governor George
Clinton on  230-232
Establishment of. Governor
George Clinton's
views on  144
Governor George GiiOr
ton toGeneraJ George
Washington regret
ting delay in form
ing  257
Articles of, mentioned. .78, 147
166, 185, 211, 212, 270, 274
Prelimiinary a.rtieleB of,
mentioned  234
248, 255, 263
Signed at Paris,
France  93, 94
Ratification of  158
signed at Versailles. . . 160
Treaty of, mentioned  74
80, 133, 149, 166, 167, 177, 183
185, 186, 209, 212, 213, 214, 215
220, 228, 235, 238, 243, 245, 265
260, 269, 270, 316, 328, 333, 339
Position of English states
men toward  87, 88
Commissioners for, men
tioned  101
Resolutions of Congress
ratifying preliminairy ar
ticles of  153-155
Preliminary articles, men
tioned  223
Concluded  293
Pearl street, New York, men
tioned   304, 419
Peekskill, New York, men
tioned  399, 405, 406, 409, 417
Pell, Captain Samuel, men
tioned  I  195
Pen, Joghahi, Tuscarora deputy
to councU  371
Penet, Peter, mentionied. . . .59, 102
Pennsylvania, mentioned. . .68, 69
70, 71, 72, 83, 116, 135, 156
181, 238, 247, 340, 360, 386
888, 399, 401, 402, 415, 416
Quota of money.  39, 46
Packet, mentioned  307
Quota of men  383
Correspondence relative to
boundary line between
New York and  385-387
Line Mutiny, General
George Washington holds
council of war on  407
Pennypackers Mills, Pa., men
tioned  402

458

General Index.

PAGE
Penobscot, Maine, mentioned . .
167, 273
Evacuation of, mentioned. 256
Perkiomen creek, Pennsylvania,
mentioned  402
Peter, Indian chief, men
tioned   337, 370
Peter, or Atyatonneatha,
sachem, mentioned  353
Peter, or Tsistairare, sachem,
mentioned  358
Peters, Richard, mentioned ... 71
72, 83
Peters, Ehisign William, men
tioned  195
Petersham, Mass., mentioned.. 218
Phelps, Charles, mentioned .. 42, 58
agent for Cumberland
county inhabitants  7
James Duane in regard
to his communicative
powers  43-45
Phelps, Timothy, mentioned. . . 58
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,
mentioned  3, 8, 13, 14
16, 30, 33, 37, 41, 43, 45
49, 53, 55, 56, 61, 62, 73
83, 86, 89, 93, 104, 108, 109
113, 115, 117, 118, 185, 138, 139
148, 153, 156, 164, 168, 178, 179
202, 206, 210, 238, 247, 256, 262
264, 268, 307, 385, 386, 396, 398
401, 402, 404, 410, 411, 412, 413
Robert R. Livingston to
Governor George Clinton,
in regard to expense and
dissipation of  77-79.
Desires congress to return
there for political pur
poses  237-289
Evacuation, of, mentioned. 294
Newspaper report from. . . . 294
Philadelphia county, mentioned . 402
Philipsburg, Dobbs Ferry, men
tioned  410
Manor of, mentioned  409
Phillips, Samuel junior, men
tioned  269, 395
Phoenix, Danl., mentioned  288
301, 395
Pintard, John, congress agent,
mentioned  52
Piatt, Zephaniah, mentioned. . . 184
Pluckemin, New Jersey, men
tioned  400
Pompton, New Jersey, men
tioned  9, 415
Washington's headquarters
at  415
Pompton Plains, New Jersey,
mentioned  401
Poor, John, mentioned  218

PAGE
Porter, Colonel Andrew, ap
pointed commissioner for de
termining boundary line be
tween New York and Penn
sylvania  385
Portland, Duke of, Prime Minis
ter of England  161
Post, John, mentioned  303
Potomac (Potowmack) river,
mentioned  221, 261, 268
Falls of, mentioned  248, 267
Potts, Isaac, owner of Potts
House, Washington's head
quarters  416
Potts, John, built Potts House,
Washington's headquarters. . . 416
Potts House, Valley Forge,
Pennsylvania, Washington's
headquarters  416
Pottsdam, Pennsylvania, men
tioned  416
Pottsgrove, Pa., mentioned  402
Poughkeepsie, New York, men
tioned  6,21, 26
29, 32, 45, 47, 54, 55, 131, 136
139, 144, 158, 181, 182, 183, 193
196, 202, 211, 219, 237, 242, 250
252, 257, 265, 280, 281, 392, 412
Powles Hook, see Paulus Hook,
Jersey City, mentioned  307
308, 310
Preakness, mentioned.  406, 407
Preed, Jacob, or Atsiaklatye,
warrior, mentioned  353
Priarne, Emanuel, mentioned. . . 59
Princes, Blay remembrance of
Evacuation day be a lesson to,
toast  300
Princeton, New Jersey, men
tioned. 216, 219, 234, 237, 245, 247
248, 251, 252, 253, 254, 256
259, 261, 263, 268, 399, 413
Battle of, mentioned  400
Prior, Abner, surgeon's mate,
mentioned  195
Providence, Rhode Island, men
tioned  397
Provincial congress, of Massa
chusetts, mentioned  397
Provisional congress, of Massa
chusetts, mentioned  414
Public bills, Robert Blorrls re
sents imputation that he has
speculated in  225-228
Public debt, Alexander Hamil
ton to Governor George Clin
ton in regard to plan for fund
ing  179-181
Public records of New York
state, British officers refuse
to surrender  188-191

General Index.

459

PAGE
Public records of New York
state — (Continued) :
Governor George Clinton ex
postulates with Sir Guy
Carleton regarding  211-216
Sir Guy Carleton directs
them to be delivered to
such persons as the Gov
ernor shall designate .... 278
John Morin Scott delegated
to receive them  280
John Blorin Scott notified of
his appointment to re
ceive them  281
John Morin Scott to Gov
ernor George Clinton, re
garding  286
Puntzius, John C, mentioned. . . 303
Putnam, General Israel, men
tioned  129
Q.
QUEBEC, mentioned  186, 160
Quebec fieet, report of capture
of greatest part of  37
Queen street, now Pearl street.
New York, mentioned  298, 299
Queens county, mentioned  184
Quibbletown, N. J., mentioned. . 400
Quynn, BIr.  , mentioned  192
R.
RAMAPO, NEW JERSEY,
mentioned  401, 406, 410
Ramsay, David, mentioned  68
69, 70
Randall, Captain Thomas, men
tioned  288, 296, 301
Randolph, Governor Theodore
F., of New Jersey, mentioned. 415
Reading, Pennsylvania, men
tioned  156
Reading Furnace, Pa., men
tioned  402
Reed, Captain Jacob, Inter
preter, mentioned  341, 352, 370
Reed, Joseph, mentioned  61
Remsen, Henry A., mentioned. . 296
Revolution, mentioned  304, 306
Revolution, American, Gordon's
history of, mentioned  308
Revolution, Sons of the, of New
York, mentioned  306
Revolution, "Washington's head
quarters during  414-419
Field-book of, by Benson
John Lossing.  415
Houses visited by General
George Washington dur
ing  419
Revolutionary war, mentioned. 191

PAGE
Rhode Island, mentioned  36, 42
57, 65, 67, 69, 70, 71, 72
82, 99, 116, 179, 397, 408
Governor William Greene
notifies Governor George
Clinton why it failed to
sustain New York in
proposition to strengthen
articles of Confederation. 37
Quota of money  39
And Providence Plantations,
quota of money  46
Regiment, mentioned  80
Richmond, Duke of, mentioned. 272
Richmond, Virginia, mentioned. 317
Richmond Hill, formerly Mor
tier House, New York city,
Washington's headquarters. . .
308, 414
RIed, Captain, Indian chief,
mentioned  370
Riker, Henry, mentioned  304
Ring, Benjamin, owner of Ring
House, Washington's head
quarters  416
Ring's House, Chadds Ford,
Delaware county, Pennsyl
vania, Washington's head
quarters  416
Ringwood, New Jersey, men
tioned  407, 412
Ringwood Iron Works, men
tioned  404
Rlttenhouse, David, to Simeon
Dewitt, regarding boundary
line between New York and
Pennsylvania  385
Rivington's New York Gazette,
mentioned  10, 307
Robertson, Governor James,
mentioned  303
Robinson, Colonel Beverly, owner
of Beverly Robinson House,
Washington's headquarters. . .
406, 416
Robinson House, Highlands now
Garrison, New York, Wash
ington's headquarters  406, 416
Rochambeau, Comte de, men
tioned  47, 48, 406, 409
410, 417
His headquarters, men
tioned  408
Rochefort, France, mentioned, 101, 154
Rockaway Bridge, New Jersey,
mentioned  405
Rockingham, Lord, Marquis of,
mentioned  87, 272
Rocky Hill, Somerset county.
New Jersey, mentioned  257
258, 413

460

General Index.

PAGE
Rocky Hill, Somersetcounty, New
Jersey — (Continued) :
Where General Washington
wrote farewell address. . . 419
Rodney, George Brydges, En
glish admiral  36
Roosevelt, Mr.  , mentioned. 6
Root, Jesse, mentioned  10, 11
Roxbury, Massachusetts, men
tioned  397
Russia, mentioned  59, 155
Russian ambassador, interposed
his mediation  13
Rutgers, Captain Anthony, men
tioned  44
Rutledge, John, mentioned. . . 39, 58
68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 83
Ryckman, Peter, interpreter,
mentioned  323, 327, 336
342, 344, 345, 346, 347, 352
361, 365, 369, 370, 378, 379
Charged with letter to Jos
eph Brant, instructions
to  335
To Henry Glen, anent Jos
eph Brant and forthcom
ing council  341
Ryerson, Judge BI. S., owner of
Washington's headquarters at
Pompton, New Jersey  415
Ryerson Furnace, New Jersey,
mentioned  415
Ryerson House, New Jersey,
mentioned  415
S.
SAFETY, COMMITTEE OF
mentioned  414
St. Croix, West Indies, men
tioned  160
St. Johns, on Fundy Bay, men
tioned  271
St. Kitts, West Indies, men
tioned  161
St. Lawrence (Laurance) river,
mentioned  359
St. Regis, mentioned  378
Salem, Ohio, mentioned  391
Sandy Hook, New Jersey, 1,500
Hessians and 500 British re
ported to have arrived within 35
Saratoga, New York, mentioned 80
Battlefield, mentioned  411
Savannah, Georgia, mentioned. 270
Saw Blill road, Westchester
county. New York, mentioned . 409
Schenectady, New York, men
tioned  338, 342, 343, 346, 411
Schoenbrun, Ohio, mentioned.. . 391
Schuyler, Captain Arent, owner
of Washington's headquarters
at Pompton, New Jersey  415

PAGE
Schuyler, Major Peter, men
tioned  .349, 350
351, 352, 360, 364, 370, 378
Instructed to attend to
United States Indian
council  379
Schuyler, General Philip, men
tioned  15, 61, 324
345, 346, 385, 387, 397
Declines appointment to de
termine boundary line be
tween New York and
Pennsylvania  386
Schuylkill river, Pennsylvania,
mentioned  .401, 402
Sciota river, Ohio, mentioned. . . 391
Scott, General John Morin, men
tioned. . . .6, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17
35, 140, 159, 167, 184, 188, 189
191, 203, 214, 237, 282, 287, 412
His project for protection
of New York upon evac
uation of the British
army  132^134
Supplements his adminis
trative policy  147-153
His determination to regain
jurisdiction over South
ern district of New York
state  147-153
Reprobates practice of
Americans entering Brit
ish lines until peace is
assured  147-153
To participate in confer
ence with Sir Guy Carle
ton  158-160
British council in New York
city refused to surrender
public records of New
York state to  188, 215
Delegated to receive public
records  280
Notified of his appointment
to receive public records
at New York  281
To Governor George Clin
ton as to public records
to be delivered to him . . . 286
Soott, Mrs. John Morin, men
tioned  159, 286
Second New York Regiment
(Revolutionary), mentioned. . 194
Second river, mentioned  11
Segur, M. de, French secretary
of war  100
Seneca county. New Jersey,
mentioned  341
Senecas, mentioned. . .323, 349 351
361, 370, 371

General Index.

461

PAGE
Sequestration, commissioners
of, mentioned  246
Mrs. James DeLancey re
sents their action in leas
ing her Westchester
property  233
Shai-pe, Mr.  , mentioned. 286
Shattuck, William, mentioned.. 58
Shattuck, Blajor William, men
tioned  79, 84
Shaw, Nathaniel, mentioned. . . 419
Shaw House, New London,
visited by Gteneral Washing
ton  419
Shelburne, Lord, English Blin-
ister  87, 272
Sherburne, Henry, appointed
by Governor George Clinton
commissioner to adjust ac
counts between New York
and United States  54
Shononghrigo, or Anthony, war
rior, mentioned  353
Slmco,  , mentioned  317
Simmons tavern, mentioned . . . 295
Sinnickson, Thomas, mentioned. 220
Six Nations, mentioned . 324, 328, 329
332,333,334,335, 336
338, 340, 341, 342, 344
348, 349, 354, 356, 360
361, 362, 363, 364; 367
368, 375, 378, 380, 381
On their behalf Joseph
Brant desires to renew
ancient covenant and
proposes that council be
be held at Fort Schuy
ler  323-325
Copy of message fi-om
United States commis
sioners for Indian affairs
to chiefs of, that they
will meet them at Fort
Schuyler, September 20,
178Jt  337
Skene, Major Philip, to Gov
ernor George Clinton, desires
to return to America and be
come a citizen of New York. 326
Skippack camp, Pennsylvania,
mentioned  402
Skippack road, Pennsylvania,
mentioned  402
Smith,  , commissioner,
mentioned  218
Smith, Adam, mentioned  87
Smith, Ephraim, mentioned  293
Smith, Captain Israel, men
tioned  195
Smith, J., mentioned  217
Smith, Jo., mentioned  132

PASl!
Smith, Joshua Hett, owner of
Smith House, Washington's
headquarters  417, 418
Smith, W. S., mentioned... 266, 267
Smith, Chief Justice William,
mentioned  8, 158, 188
Smith's Clove, mentioned  404
Smith's House, Haverstraw,
New York, Washington's
headquarters  417
Where Andre and Arnold
held their meeting  417
Smith's tavern, menitioned  405
Sneeden's Landing, mentioned. 417
Somerset county. New Jersey,
mentioned  419
Sons of the Revolution of New
York, mentioned  306
South Carolina, mentioned. .68, 69
70, 71, 72, 83, 116
Quota of money. .•  39, 46
Legislature, mentioned .... 235
Southern Indians, mentioned. .
325, 329
Spain, mentioned  74, 147
160, 161, 260
Springfield, New Jersey, men
tioned  405
Stadholder, Prince, mentioned. 13
Stanton, George, mentioned... 303
Stapleton, Captain John, Brit-
Isu deputy adjutant-general . . 140
Staten Island, mentioned. .133, 134
184,204,279,281,283, 284
286, 315, 316, 317, 320, 322
Sir Guy Carleton promises
to withdraw troops from
by December //, 1783  319
States, backwardness of, in pay
ing their troops  18
Steenrapie, Bergen county. New
Jersey, mentioned  406
Steuben, General le Baron de,
Friedrlch Wilhelm August,
mentioned  249, 309
Stirling, Lord, mentioned  48
Stodard, Robert, mentioned  36
Stone, BIr.  , mentioned  192
Stony Point, New York, men
tioned  404
Stoutenburg, Isaac, mentioned. . 109
Strong, Caleb, mentioned  269
Stuart's sugar refinery. New
York, mentioned  306
Suffolk county, New York, men
tioned  184
Summer Islands, Scotland, men
tioned  271
Susquehanna river, mentioned. .
359, 360
Swartwout, Ensign Barnardus,
mentioned  195

462

General Index.

PAGE
Sweden, mentioned  59
King of, toast drank to  299
Swedish, East India Company,
mentioned  60
T.
TALLHADQE, LIEUTENANT
SAfl'L, mentioned  195
Tappan, New York, mentioned. . 157
158, 165, 243, 406, 407
Headquarters, where Wash
ington issued Andre's
death warrant  417
Tappen, Christopher, mentioned 79
109, 140
Tax collectors, arrearages of . . . 20
Taxation, Blassachusetts sug
gests general system of . . 65
Colonel William Floyd to
Governor George Clinton
in regard to  73-76
Taxes, danger to Confederacy
because of inclination of
states to apply receipts
•for local purposes  20
Robert Blorris on necessity
of  225-228
Taylorville, New .Tersey, men
tioned  400
Telfair, Edward, mentioned.... 39
Ten Broeck, General Abraham,
mentioned  27. 345, 349, 350
351, 352, 361, 364, 370
Ten Eyck, Daniel, mentioned. . . .304
Terghhathaghtous, or John, war
rior, mentioned  353
Texas, mentioned  96
Teyekanatsiajere, or John,
sachem, mentioned  353
T'haoughweanjavergan (Tho
ughweanjawegen), or Colonel
John Harper, mentioned. .357, 373
Thayendanegea, or Captain Jo
seph Brant, Blohawk deputy
to council  370
Thomson, Charles, secretary of
congress, mentioned  6
40, 46, 47, 58, 77, 164^ 216
254, 265, 267, 311, 384, 391
To Governor George Clinton
with act of congress as to
laying out western terri
tory into states  387
Thonwaghweakavagevea, or
Captain George, warrior, men
tioned  ,  353
Throgs Neck, New York, men
tioned  410
Thweatanin, Seneca deputy to
council  371

PAGE
Toamensing, Pennsylvania, men
tioned  402
Tompkins, Thos., mentioned. . . . 409
Totowa, Passaic Falls, New Jer
sey, mentioned  407
Townsend, Samuel, mentioned. . 78
Treasury, board of, mentioned. . 389
390, 391
Commissioners of, men
tioned  383
Treaty of commerce, mentioned . .
245, 255
Treaty of Peace, see Peace.
Tredwell, Thomas, mentioned. . 184
Trenton, New Jersey, mentioned 248
261, 264, 268, 399, 410
Selected by congress for
capital  267
Battle of, mentioned  400
Trenton Falls, on Delaware
river, mentioned  261, 268
399, 400
Congress orders public
buildings erected near. . .
254-256
Trumbull, Governor Jonathan,
mentioned  397
Trumbull, Jonathan junior, men
tioned  140. 167, 412
Tryon county, mentioned . 17, 34, 35
Blagistrates, address to
Governor George
Clinton on restora
tion of peace and es
tablishment of Inde
pendence  231
Governor George Clin
ton returns thanks to 232
Tsistarare, or Peter, sachem,
mentioned  353
Tucker, Samuel, mentioned  220
Tucker, Thomas, mentioned  288
296, 298, 301
Turk, Ahasures, mentioned  304
Tuscaroras. mentioned. 323, 332, 338
350, 351, 352, 353, 357, 361
365, 370, 371, 373, 377, 379
U.
ULSTER COUNTY, N. Y., men
tioned  31
Unadilla, New York, mentioned 357, 373
United Netherlands, toast drank
to  299
United Provinces, mentioned . . . 256
United States, mentioned  5, 6
18, 19, 23, 25, 26, 27, 28, 31
32, 37, 38, 39, 46, 47, 49, 54
55, 58, 66, 67, 69, 70, 71, 72

General Index.

463

PAGE
United States, mentioned — (Con
tinued) :
76, 77, 81, 86, 87, 89, 93, 99
103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 109
119, 133, 134, 147, 153, 155
156, 104, 166, 167, 169, 171
173, 177, 180, 185, 192, 204
212, 216, 218, 220, 225, 231
285, 239, 250, 254, 260, 261
202, 205, 267, 289, 297, 300
311, 316, 328, 333, 337, 339
340, 342, 346, 372, 375, 382
383, 384, 388, 389, 390, 391
Proffers will be made to
each by British govern
ment  4
Army posts of, mentioned. . 9
New York's plan to strength
en the Confederacy  17
Receives loan of $1,200,000
from France  95-108
And England, New York
delegates in congi-ess in
form Governor George
Clinton there is no pros
pect of a commercial
treaty between  259-263
Peace establishment of,
mentioned  308
United States army, men
tioned  41, 80
86. 96. 114, 115. 116, 117
121. 123, 124, 125, 126, 127
128, 129, 130, 131, 137, 1.38
174, 175. 194, 198, 201, 217
226, 209. 307, 309, 312, 313
Discontent over arrearages
of pay  40, 196
Temper of toward Vermont
ers  79
Plan for settling accounts
of, with the several states 85
Distresses of, portrayed by
General Heath to General
Washington  197-199
Distresses of. General
Washington to General
Heath regarding  200-202
United States armies, men
tioned  396
General George Washing
ton issues farewell orders
to  413
• United States commissioners, at
Paris, I'rance, mentioned. .86, 88
101, 156, 238, 245
United States commissioners for
Indian affairs, mentioned 333
334, 335, 336, 340, 347, 348
363, 368, 369, 376, 378, 379

PAGE
United States commissioners for
Indian affairs — (Contin
ued) :
Governor Clinton to, regard
ing frontier posts and
coming council with In
dians at Fort Schuyler.. 332
. Copy of message from, to
chiefs of Six Nations that
they will meet them at
Fort Schuyler, Septem
ber 20, 178Jf  337
Suggest to Governor Clinton
that New York's course
at coming Indian council
be subordinate to general
treaty  339
Joseph Brant to, regarding
duplicity of BIr. Kirk
land  380
United States House of Repre
sentatives, mentioned  70
United States, Independence of,
mentioned  230, 265, 331, 390
United States ministers, in
France, mentioned  253
254, 263
At Paris, mentioned. . .254, 259
United States Senate, mentioned 33
91, 109, 110
TTiiited States Service, men
tioned  26. 66, 71, 72, 77, 109
United States Treasury, men
tioned  14
21. 24. 30. 39. 40. 46, 66. 70
71 76. m. 86. 169. 182. 206. 225
United States of America, toast
drank to  209
V.
VALENTINE, MATTHIAS,
mentioned  •  399
Valentines Hill, mentioned  409
Valley Forge, Pennsylvania,
mentioned  402, 416
Van Borkel, Mr.  , Minister
from United Provinces  247
256, 268
Van Busklrk,  , mentioned. . 317
Van Cortlahdt, Colonel Philip,
mentioned  193, 195, 217
His address to Governor
George Clinton  194
Van Cortlandt House, near Yon
kers, New York, visited by
General George Washington . . 419
Van Cortlandt, Lieutenant Gov
ernor Pierre, mentioned  188
298, 299
Van Den Burgh, Captain Henry,
mentioned  195

464

General Index.

PAGE
Van Derburgh, Ensign Bart'w,
mentioned  195
Van Dyck, Colonel (Cornelius),
mentioned  352, 361, 365
Van Dyck, Francis, mentioned.. 288
295, 296, 301
Van Eps, John B., mentioned. .
361, 365
Van Gelder, Ab'm, mentioned. . . 395
Van Ham, Courant, mentioned. 295
Van Howenbargh, Lieutenant
R., mentioned  195
Van Rensselaer, Philip, men
tioned  252
Varick, Richard, mentioned  395
Varick street. New York, men
tioned  414
Vassall, John, owner of Vassall
House  414
Vassall House, later Craigie
House, Cambridge, Massachu
setts, Washington's headquar
ters  414
Vaughan, Mr.  , mentioned 365, 370
Vauxhall Gardens, New York,
mentioned  305
Verbryck, Samuel S., mentioned 417
Verbryck, Mrs. Samuel S., owner
of Tappan headquarters of
General Geor.ge Washington . . 417
Vergennes, Count de, Charles
Gravier, mentioned  43, 90, 95
100. 103, 105, 106, 107, 108, 154
Verien, Mrs. ¦  , mentioned. . . 296
Vermont, mentioned. .42, 49, 57, 58
64, 78, 79
Act of Congress restraining
radical element In  57
Vermont dispute, nientioned. .7, 34
44, 55
• Ezra I'Hommedieu to Gov
ernor George Clinton on. 41-43
Governor George Clinton to
Colonel William Floyd in
regard to  63-65
Vermonters, mentioned.. .41. 42, 80
Congress lays restraining
hand on more radical and
arbitrary  56
Governor George Clinton to
Colonel William Floyd re
garding temper of army
toward  79-81
Verplancks Point, New York,
mentioned  412
Versailles, preliminary articles
of peace signed at  160
court of, mentioned  155
Ville de Paris, French man of
war, mentioned  410

PAGE
Vindicators of rights of man
kind, toast  300
Virginia, mentioned. .49, 59, 68, 69
70, 71. 72, 83, 99, 102, 116, 135
156. 196, 249, 307, 339, 391, 410
Quota of money  39, 46
And New Jersey compete
with New York and
Maryland for National
capital  219
Submits genesis of plan
that culminated in selec
tion of Washington as
National capital  220
Ezra I'Hommedieu believes
it entertains designs to
seize Niagara  248-250
Assembly, mentioned  221
Delegates in congress, men
tioned  221
House of Delegates, men
tioned  220
Legislature, resolutions of,
regarding National capi
tal  220, 221
Senate, mentioned  221
Virginians, mentioned  325
Visscher, Blat., mentioned. .338, 345
346, 349, 350, 351
352, 361, 364, 370
Voght, Caspar and company,
Hamburg, Germany, solicit
trade with New York  59
Specification of their goods
sent to Governor Geor.ge
OUnton  60
Vulture, British vessel, men
tioned  418
W.
WADSWORTH, COLONEL
JEREMIAH, mentioned... 47, 93
Walaghlagentala creek, men
tioned  359
Waldecker,  , mentioned. 317
"Walker, Lieutenant-Colonel B.,
mentioned  217, 292
Walker, Captain Benjamin,
mentioned  195
Walker, Blajor Ben., to Gover
nor George Clinton as to the
King's speech to Parliament. 65
Wallace, Hugh, mentioned.... 188
War, secretary of, mentioned . . 77
155, 165, 197, 228, 383, 389, 390, 391
General (Jeorge Washing
ton • holds conference
with  412
War debts. Colonel William
Floyd to Governor George
Clinton in regard to  73-76

General Index.

465

Ward (Wane), Edward, men-"*"""
tioned  243 251
Ward, Stephen, mentioned . . . .' 184
Warwick, Rhode Island, men
tioned  36
Washington, General George,
mentioned . .17, 48, 110, 113, 116
130, 137, 140, 154, 155, 157
166, 181, 189, 198, 237, 256
258, 263, 264, 278, 279, 280
282, 285, 286, 293, 294, 297
298, 299, 302, 304, 307, 308
309, 359, 415, 416, 417, 418
His conception of his rela
tions with French army. 47
His diplomatic course in
quelling Newburgh Mu
tiny  .•  111-131
His rebuke to Colonel
Lewis Nicola  112
General orders issued by. . 121
Report to congress  123
Pathetic remark to his offi
cers  124
Formal address  124-129
rThanked by officers of the
army  129
Approves action of army
officers  131
Governor George Clinton
brings to his attention
necessity of spreading
peace intelligence among
western British posts . . . 136
Governor George Clinton
submits his views on the
maintenance of a peace
establishment to  144-147
Sir Guy Carleton's proposi
tion to meet him to dis
cuss release and transfer
of prisoners and Evacua
tion of New York  156-158
Report of his conference
with Sir Guy Carle
ton  165-167
To President Boudinot re
garding discontent in
nrmv over question of
ply  196
Distresses of army por-
S^..^..'^. ^^"^19^^-199
To General Heath regard-
ine distresses of army
1'"^ 200-202
%.¦ Equestrian statue of, men-
tioned  -^°
30

TTT , . PAGE
Washington, General George—
(Continued) :
Governor George Clinton
asks his cooperation to
protect New York city
when British march away 257
Governor George Clinton
to, regretting delay in
forming peace establish
ment  257
Sir Guy Carleton to, re
garding Evacuation of
New York  283
To Sir Guy Carleton, "re
garding Evacuation of
New York  292
Preparations to receive him 296
• Address of New York citi
zens to  300
His reply to address of
New York citizens  301
Farewell to his officers at
Fraunces Tavern  306-310
Offers his resignation to
congi'ess  310-312
Address to congress at his
resignation  311
Congress accepts his resig
nation  312-314
Blarshall's life of, men
tioned  314
Itinerary, June, 1775 — ^Jan
uary, llHJi  396-413
Discovers Arnold's perfidy. 406
Approves death sentence of
Major Andre  406
Holds council of war on
Pennsylvania line mutiny 407
Orders celebration of Dau
phin's birthday  411
Summoned to death-bed of
John Parke Cnstis at
Mtham  411
Holds conference with sec
retary of wair  412
Addresses congress  413
Resigns his commission to
congress  413
Issues farewell orders to
armies of United States. . 413
Farewell to officers at
Fraunces Tavern, men
tioned  413
List of his headquarters
during the Revolution . . .
414^419
Wrote farewell address at
Rocky Hill, Somerset
county. New Jersey  419
Houses visited by him dur
ing the Revolution  419

466

General Index.

PAGE
Washington, BIrs. George, men
tioned  258, 411, 414, 415, 418
Washington, vessel, mentioned.. 100, 103
Washington, District of Colum
bia, Virginia submits genesis
of plan that culminated in its
selection as National capital. . 220
Washington-Heath correspond
ence, forwarded to several
states as lan ohject lesson by
President Boudinot  210
Water street, N. Y., mentioned. . 298
Watertown, Massachusetts,
mentioned  397
Watson, Richard, commissary
British army  276
Weare, President Meshech, of ¦
New Hampshire, mentioned. .
26, 27
Webb, Joseph, mentioned  408
Webber family, mentioned  284
Weehawken, New Jersey, where
Colonel Aaron Burr fought
the deadly duel with Colonel
Alexander Hamilton  414
Weissenfels, Lieutenant Charles
F., mentioned  195
Weissenfels, Colonel Frederick,
mentioned  .¦ . . 295
Wedinenghra Guentere creek,
mentioned  359
Wemple, Colonel Abraham,
mentioned. .350, 352, 361, 365, 370
Westchester, county. New York,
mentioned  149, 166
167, 176, 181, 182, 183
186, 209, 211, 213, 238
240, 242, 246, 258, 415
British troops withdrawn
from  175-177
Sir Guy Carleton answers
Governor George Clinton's
charges of abuses in. .239-242
Body of Light Horse, men
tioned  299
Western frontier, mentioned. . . 11
48, 108. 145
Western posts, Ezra I'Homme
dieu to Governor George
Clinton regarding  248-250
Western territory, mentioned, 345, 387
Act of congress as to laying
It out into states  388-391
West Indies, mentioned. .15, 43, 59
78, 94, 104, 271, 305, 417
West Point, New York, men
tioned  163, 218, 293, 403
404, 405, 407, 408
410, 411, 413, 417

PAGE
Wethersfield, Connecticut, men
tioned  397, 408
Whippany, New Jersey, men
tioned  406
White, Henry, mentioned  188
White, Phillips, mentioned.. .67, 68-
69i 71, .72, 82
Whitehall, New York, men
tioned  •: . . .307, 308, 310
Whitemarsh, Pennsylvania, men
tioned  402, 415
White Plains, New York, men
tioned  399, 403, 414
Whiting, Wm. B., mentioned. . . 17
Wickes, Thomas, mentioned  184
Willett, Colonel Marinus, Gen
eral George Washington's
Instructions to .. .-.  136
Ordered by Governor George
Clinton to take possession
of all forfeited houses and
lands in New York till
Legislature shall dispose
of same  317
William, or Ayeaghwatha,
sachem, mentioned  353
William, or Dyoghagweate,
sachem, mentioned  353
William, o.r Hagentarongwea,
warrior, mentioned  353
Willl.ims. John, mentioned  184
Williamsburg, Virginia, men
tioned  221, 410
Suggested as National capi
tal  220
Williamson, Hugh, mentioned. . 39
68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 83
Wills. William, mentioned  64
Wilmington, Delaware, men
tioned  401
Wilson, James, mentioned  68
70. 135
vvinchester. Virginia, mentioned 156
Windt. Tohn de. owner of Tap-
nan, headquarters of General
Gpora-e Washington  417
Wintz. Peter, mentioned  402
Withersnoon. .Tohn. mentioned.. ,3?)
Wolcott, Oliver, mentioned. .67. 68
69, 70. 71. 72, 82.
Governor George Clinton to,
regarding frontier posts
and coming council with
Indians at Fort Schuyler 332
Wood Creek, New York, men
tioned  348
Woodruff, Lieutenant Eph'm,
mentioned  195
Woodward. John, mentioned. . . 295
Wool. Captain Jeremiah, men
tioned  288, 295, 296, 301. 395
Wright, Captain Jac, mentioned 195

General Index.

467

PAGE
Wright, William, mentioned  304
Wylley, John, mentioned  295
Wynockii river, New Jersey,
mentioned  415
Wyoming, mentioned  136

YATES, Ab., mentioned. . . 345, 370
Yates, Ab., junior, mentioned.. 349
350, 351, 352, 361, 364
Yates, Chris'r P., mentioned  351

PAGE
Yates, Peter W., mentioned  345
349, 350, 351, 352, 361, 364
Yates, Judge Robert, mentioned. 181
182, 345, 346, 349, 350
351, 352, 361, 364, 370
Yates, Mrs. Robert, mentioned. . 182
Yellow Springs, Pennsylvania,
mentioned  401
Yonkers, New York, mentioned. 419
Yorktown, Virginia, mentioned. 5
410, 411
Young's House, mentioned  409

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