YALE UNIVERSITY
LIBRARY

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HISTORY

ELIZABETH, NEV JERSEY;

THE EAELY HISTOEY

UNION C O U N T Y.

BY REV. EDWIN E. HATFIELD, D.D.

Remember the days of old, consider the years of many generations.— Deut. xxxii, 7.

PUBLISHED BY CAELTOiNr & LANAHAN

2 0 0 M TJ L B E E E Y- S T E E E T.
1868.

Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1868, by
EDWIN F. HATFIELD,
in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Southern
District of New York.

PREFACE,

Human character is the product of all time. It is the
growth, not of a single life, but of ages. Its form and
shape, in the individual and in the community, are de
rived, not more from the present, than the past. What
we are, body, soul, and spirit, is owing, in a great degree,
to agencies that have been at work from the beginning.
The cast of a man's immediate progenitors determines,
to a great extent, his own. The rank and standing of the
domestic circle, in which his early days glide on so noise
lessly and yet so swiftly, affect, for all time, his whole be
ing. The social community in which the child is led up
to man ; the humble school-house in which his mind is
brought into form and symmetry ; the sanctuary, whither
his youthful steps are bent on the Sabbath-day, with its
songs of praise, its humble prayers, and its solemn exhor
tations ; the long-established customs of the place and
age ; the peculiar traits of the population, sparse or dense,
rural or urban ; the prevalent handicrafts, trades and pur
suits of the locality ; every passing event, and every
occurrence and influence by which individual sentiment
and public opinion are affected ; all these serve, more or
less powerfully, to shape the character and determine the
destiny of the child, the boy, the man.

4 PREFACE.
To know a people, to understand their peculiarities,
we must know their history, their parentage, their origin ;
must learn from what race, nationality, tribe and family,
they are descended ; when and by whom their settlement,
town, or city, was founded ; the aims and plans of the
founders ; through what changes, social, industrial, po
litical and religious, they prosecuted their design ; what
relations they sustained to other communities, near or re
mote ; what were the special characteristics, aspects and
tendencies of the times; whatever, in short, may have
served, in the course of their history, to affect, more or less
directly, their fortunes and their destiny.
To promote, in some humble measure, this laudable
design, in respect to one of the thriving communities in the
older parts of this land, this volume was written. It was
undertaken, at the solicitation of the author's townsmen,
to whose generous consideration, with all its imperfections,
it is now commended. A native of Elizabeth, and a de
scendant of several of its worthy founders, it has been to
him a labor of love, to gather up these memorials of its
past, and give them a permanent form. These materials
he has been gathering, some of them, for more than a
score of years ; not without a vague thought, that the day
would come, when he might give them form and order.
Laid aside, at length, by serious disease, from the exhaust
ing activities of a laborious profession, the requisite leisure
was found by the author, for the accomplishment of his
long-cherished desire, of which he gladly availed himself.
In entering upon his work, he found that but little
was known, even by the people themselves, of their history.
What had been previously published was exceedingly
meagre, and much of it quite erroneous. The " Notes,
Historical and Biographical, concerning Elizabeth-Town,

PREFACE. 5
its eminent Men, Churches and Ministers," was prepared
by the Rev. Dr. Murray, during the earlier years of his
ministry, nearly a fourth of a century since. It could
scarcely be expected, that a stranger from a far country
would be able, fully to enter into the sympathies, and
clearly to apprehend the history, of the people among
whom he had so recently found a home. His " Notes "
furnish but little information respecting the founders of the
town, and that little is far from correct. The writer of
the present volume has found it necessary to consult the
original records for himself, and has, therefore, relied but
little on the labors of his predecessor.
The only other published works pertaining to the his
tory of the town, are the excellent and authentic " His
tory of St. John's Church, Elizabeth-Town, New Jersey,"
by the present rector, the Rev. Samuel A. Clark, and the
Memoirs of the Eev. Drs. McDowell and Murray, by the
Rev. Drs. Sprague and Prime, respectively ; all very good
in their place, but partial only in their object.
It will be seen that the history, now given to the pub
lic, endeavors to rescue the planters of the town from ob
livion, and to give them something more than " a local
habitation and a name." To this end, the archives of the
County and State, at Newark, at Amboy, and at Trenton,
have been diligently and patiently investigated. Local
and general histories, noted in the margin of the pages,
have been extensively consulted. Access has been had
to the- libraries of the Historical Societies of New York,
Long Island, and New Jersey. Neither time nor expense
has been spared in obtaining all possible information
bearing on the fortunes of the town. Much assistance
has been derived, in respect to the general history of the
locality, from Mr. Whitehead's " East Jersey under the

Q PREFACE.
Proprietary Governments," though the author has been
constrained to differ from him in respect to the merits of
the conflict between the " Proprietors " and the people.
Great care has, also, been taken to present a full
and connected view of the military transactions in and
about the town, during the Revolutionary War. The
files of the newspapers of that period have been carefully
searched, and every local event of interest recorded. This
portion of the history, it will be seen, is full of incident,
and possesses a value by itself, as a contribution to the
general history of the country, in that eventful period.
Considerable material has been gathered for a genealo
gical history of the town. Should the present volume
be favorably received, it may be followed, at no distant
time, Providence permitting, by a supplemental volume,
tracing the old families of the town, generation by genera
tion, from the days of the founders to the present day.
New York, May 11, 1868.

CONTENTS.

CHAPTER I.
A. D. 1609-16134.
Natives of the Soil — Discovery by Europeans — Early Traders — Werckhoven's
Manorial Purchase — Failure to perfeot a Title — Restoration of Charles II. —
Alarm of the New Haven Colony — Attempts to Colonize in New Netherland
— Petition of John Strickland and others — Dutch Proposals — Negotiations
of Fenn and his Associates — Failure thereof — Long Islanders frustrated in
planting a Colony on the Raritan, . . . . ' . . .17
CHAPTER II.
A. D. 1604-1665.
Charter of Connecticut — Royal African Company — Grant to the Duke of
York — Expedition against New Netherland — Surrender of New Amster
dam — Gov. Nicolls — Petition of Bailey, Denton, and others, for leave to
plant a Colony — Indian Purchase and Deed — Nicolls' Grant — Proposals for
Settlers — Early Descriptions of the Country — Extent of Nicolls' Patent —
Date of the Settlement — Tradition of four Families — Associate Purchasers —
Rev. Thomas James,  27
CHAPTER III.
A.D. 1665-1666.
Arrival of the ship Philip, with Gov. Carteret — Explanations — Lord John
Berkeley — Sir Geo. Carteret — Adherents of Royalty in the Civil War —
Their Services to the Crown — Rewarded with Offices and Land Grants —
Purchase of N. Jersey from the Duke of York — Letters of Hutchinson —
Capt. Carteret arrives at New York with laborers — Acquiesces in Nicolls'
Grant — Purchases rights in the new Town — Origin of its Name, . 43

8 CONTENTS.
CHAPTER IV.
A. D. 1666.
The " Concessions " — New Immigrants — Loss of Town Book — Extracts from
it — Oath of Allegiance — By whom taken — Names of the Associate Found
ers — Also of Carteret's Servants — Notices of Strickland and the six Peti
tioners — Bailey, Daniel and Nathaniel Denton, Benedict, Foster and Watson
— Also of the Patentees, Baker and Ogden,  53
CHAPTER V.
A. D. 1666.
The eighty Associates, their Origin, their Location — Of Puritan Principles
— No Congeniality with Carteret and his Company, . . . . 6S
CHAPTER VI.
A. D. 1666-1669.
Government of the Town — Forms of Marriage Licenses — Indentures, and the
Hue and Cry for Runaways — Sale of the S. half of the Town — Settlement
of Woodbridge and Newark — Traffic in Pipe Staves — Cold Winter — Rev.
Abm. Pierson at Newark — Brackett appointed Ass. Surveyor — Newark
Boundary prayerfully settled — Great Mortality — "Duke's Laws" — First
Legislature of N. Jersey at E. T. — Laws — Second Session — Collision with
the Governor — Abrupt Adjournment — Whaling Company — Disputes about
Statenlsland — Berkeley and Carteret in Trouble — Mortality, . . 115
CHAPTER VII.
A.D. 16T0-1673.
Quit Rent Controversy — Gov. Carteret's Usurpations — Claude Vallot — Arbi
trary Edicts — Watson not to drill the Militia — First Jury Trial in the Town
— Case of Capt. Hacket — Court illegally held — Case of Richard Michel—
His House destroyed. — Carteret overawed by the People — Capt James Car
teret arrives from England — Legislature convenes at E. T. — A lawful Court
— Trial of Meeker and others — Newark people take the Alarm — Other Ses
sions of the Legislature — Capt. James Carteret chosen President — Arrest
and Escape of Wm. Pardon — Gov. Carteret removes to Bergen — Re-arrest
of Pardon, and Seizure of his Goods — Memorial of the Council to the Lords
Proprietaries — Gov. Carteret and Officials return to England — Capt. Berry,
Dep. Governor — Marriage of Capt. Carteret — The Officials return — Conflict
renewed — Patents to be taken out — Appeal to the Lords Proprietors — Gov.
Winthrop's Endorsement of the People  181

CONTENTS. 9
CHAPTER VIII.
A. D. 1678-1674.
Departure of James Carteret and Hopkins — Vessel captured by the Dutch —
Hopkins dkcloses the weakness of N. Y. — Capture of the City by the Dutch
— Deputation from E. Town at N. Y. — N. Jersey yields to the Dutch — Land
Claims contained — New Officials — Recusancy of Vauquellin — Census of
E. T. Men -^Notices of the new Comers — Militia Officers — Edicts — Indian
Depredation^ — Monthly Day of Prayer appointed — Legislative Assembly —
Redress of Inpies — Termination of Dutch Rule, . . . .154
CHAPTER IX.
A. D. 1674-1681.
Restoration of Engsh Rule — Berkeley sells West Jersey — Sir G. Carteret
sole Proprietor o\e. Jersey — Return of Gov. Carteret — Stringent meas
ures to subdue theVeople — Requires them to take Patents for their Lands —
Old Conflict renewal — Compromise proposed, but rejected by Carteret —
Schedule of Surveys- Militia System — Legislature at E. T. — Enactments —
Prices ; — Act of Obliion — Thanksgiving Day — Meeker indemnified — Inns
regulated — Marking fi Cattle — Troubles with Gov. Andros of N. Y. — Car
teret seized, and hnprumed at N. Y. — Tried and acquitted — Legislature at
E. T. again — They deiine the jurisdiction of Andros — Marriage of Car
teret — Andros recalley- Carteret reinstated — Legislature meet again —
Collision with Carteret —He dissolves them — Death of John Ogden, . 178
\HAPTER X.
\A-D. 1664-1682.
Ecclesiastical — Church early oVariiZed, of Puritan type — First Meeting-House
and Grounds — Ministry — Be Thomas James — Rev. Jeremiah Peck —
Rev. Seth Fletcher, . . \  198
CHAiTER XI.
A. D.W1686.
Death of Sir George Carteret — Sale oi^e Province — Quaker Rule — Robert
Barclay, Governor — Thomas Rudy at Dep. Governor — Death of Gov. Car
teret — His Character — His Will — ly Era — Quaker Settlers — Descrip
tions of the Town and Country in «4-5 — Rudyard's Administration —
Legislature — Enactments — Gawen LaW Dep. Governor — Land Troubles
revived — Militia — Scotch Immigration Wwrie's Account of the Town and
Country— Scot's Model — Other Accoun\_ Lawrie's Land Investments—

10 CONTENTS.
Western Bounds — Baker's Trial — Perth Amboy made the Captal — Acces
sion of the Duke of York to the Throne — Trouble about the Newark Bounds —
Lawrie Superseded,  210'
CHAPTER XII.
A.D. 1686-1 T02.
Lord Campbell, Dep. Gov. — And. Hamilton, Dep. Gov. — Frencl War— Rates —
Annexation to New York and New England, under Gov. j.ndros — Revolu
tion of 1688 — Political Agitations — Leisler in power atN. Y. — Jacobite
Party at E. T. — Interregnum — Death of Rob. Barcla- — CoL Hamilton,
Gov. — Legislature — Appointments — Bounds of the 'own — Lawsuit of
Fullerton vs. Jones — Nicolls' Grant sustained — Notice £ Wm. Nicoll, Esq.
— Associates in 1695 and 1699 — Administration of Basse, Bowne and
Hamilton — Tumults at Newark and E. T. — New Aotment of Lands —
List of Surveys — Notices of New Settlers — End of .he Proprietary Gov
ernment,  ... 232
CHAPTER XIII.
AD. 1632-1707.
Ecclesiastical — Pastorate of Rev. John Harriman —Introduction of Episcopacy
by Rev. Geo. Keith — Pastorate of Rev. Samut Melyen — First Episcopal
Missionary, Rev. John Brooke — Erection of St John's Church, . . 280
CHAPTER XIvT.
A.D. 1702-1740.
Land Titles — Political Parties — Lord Corriry, Gov. — Corruption of the
Court — Act of Indemnity — Lord Lovptee, Gov. — His Death — Robert
Hunter, Gov. — Death of Col. Townley — dScials of the Town — Card-Playing
not tolerated — Newark Bounds — Suitor Vaughan vs. Woodruff — Early
Town Books lost — Town Committee of sven — List of Freeholders in 17 29 —
Lithgow vs. Robison, &c. — MeasureF°f Defence against the Proprietors
— Sale of Town Lands — Fenn vs. Cha'bers & Alcorn — Sale of more Land 
Distribution of Land in 1737 — Cofer vs. Moss, &c. — Logan vs. Manning
— Newark Bounds — Lewis Morri Gov. — Borough Charter — Officials —
Newspaper Notices,  S02
CHA'TER XV.
&X 1708-1747.
Ecclesiastical — Rev. Jona. DK'ison — Parentage, Education, Marriage, and
Ordination — His Parish ancillary — Joins the Presbytery— Episcopal Con-

CONTENTS. 11
troversy — Westfield Chh. — "Adopting Act" of 1729 — Practises Medicine
— His " Reasonableness of Christianity " — Presbytery of E. Jersey — Elders
— Case of Hemphill — Another Episcopal Controversy — New Providence Chh .
— Presbytery of N. York — Whitefield at E. T. — Dickinson's "Witness of
the Spirit." — Revival of 1740 — Dickinson's "Five Points" — His "Display
of Special Grace" — Controversy on Regeneration — His " Familiar Letters."
— Old Side and New Side Controversy — Division of the Synod — Efforts to
Christianize the Indian's — David Brainerd — Death of Mrs. Dickinson — His
Second Marriage — Another Episcopal Controversy — College of New Jersey
— Dickinson, its first President — His Death and Character — His Family, 326

CHAPTER XVI.
A.D. 1708-1747.
Ecclesiastical — Rev. Edward Vaughan, Episcopal Missionary, arrives from
England — Call to Jamaica, L. I,, declined — Poverty of his People —
Preaches at Rahway, Woodbridge, and P. Amboy — Marries Mrs. Emott
— Removes to Amboy — Returns — Church Edifice not finished for years —
Annual Reports to the " Society " — Chh. Glebe — Opposes, Mr. Whitefield
— His Death and Character — Increase of Religious Congregations in 40
years,  355
CHAPTER XVII.
A.D. 1740-1764.
Negro Plot — Land Conflicts -* Appeal to the Crown — Tumults — Secret Meet
ings — E. T. Bill in Chancery — Answer — Death of Gov. Morris — Jonathan
Belcher, Gov. — Issue of the long Conflict with the Proprietors — Death of
Mayor Bonnel — Lottery Mania — Two Lottery Schemes — Prof. Kalm's
Notices of the Town — Col. Ricketts' Affair in N. Y. Harbor — Notices of Gov.
Belcher — Removes to E. T. — His Hospitality and Piety — Befriends the Col
lege — Gives it a new Charter — Incorporates the Presbyterian Chh. — Makes
E. T. the Seat of Government — His Death and Character — Judge Ross —
Addresses of the Corporation — Town Officers — Newspaper Notices — The
Barracks — First Centenary Celebration, '  363
CHAPTER XVIII.
A.D. 1747-1760.
Ecclesiastical — Rev. Elihu ^Spencer — Early Life — Ordination and Installa
tion — His Marriage — Public Services — Removal — Subsequent History —
His Death — His Family — Rev. Abraham Keteltas — Early Life — Licensure,
Call and Ordination — Chh. Clock — Removal to Jamaica, L. I. — Subse
quent History — Death — Children  393

12 CONTENTS.
CHAPTER XIX.
A.D. 1764-1776.
Retrenchment at Funerals — Death of Alderman Thos. Clark — Non-Importation
Leagues — Patriotism of the Town — Stamp Act — Gen. Congress — Robert
Ogden, Speaker of N. J. Congress, resigns his seat — Stephen Crane succeeds
him — Opposition to Stamp Act — Its Repeal — Non-Importation League
revived — County Meeting at E. T. — Patriotic Action — British Regulars
quartered here — "Boston Tea Party" — Boston Port Bill — Great Indigna
tion everywhere — Principal Patriots of the Town — Lines drawn — County
Meeting at Newark — Town Meeting — Congress sustained — Committee of
Safety — Non-Intercourse with Staten Island — Exciting Affair — Case of the
Beulah — Sheriff Barnet implicated — Battle of Lexington — Uprising of the
People — Aaron Burr and Matt. Ogden — General Congress — Gen. Washing
ton, Com. in Chief — Battle of Bunker-Hill — Powder sent from E.J. to the
Am. Army — Mrs. Washington at E. T. — Earl of Stirling in command here —
Capture of the ship Blue Mountain Valley — Names of the Captors — Military
Officers — Military Preparations — Fortifications at the Point — Washington
and the Am. Army at N. Y. — Appearance of the Town in 1776, . . 403
CHAPTER XX.
A.D. 1776-1777.
Independence — Lines drawn — Sentiments of Abraham Clark, the Signer — Brit
ish Fleet — Staten Island taken by the British Troops — The War at the
Door — Defence of the Town — Arrest of Traitors — Female Patriot — Forays
— Changes in the Town — Error of Mr. W. Irving — Disaffection of Pa.
Troops — Battle of Flatbush — Wm. Livingston, First Gov. of the State —
Gen. Matt. Williamson, in command here — John DeHart declines and Robert
Morris appointed Chief-Justice of N. J. — Depot for Prisoners here  Am.
Army evacuate N. York — Letter of Rob. Ogden — Disasters — Retreat
through N. Jersey — People flee — Town occupied by the British — William
son resigns— Defections — Protection Papers — Am. Troops at Short Hills —
Rev. J. Caldwell— Skirmish — Death of Col. Ford — Capture of Hessians at
Trenton — Capture of Princeton — Retreat of British Army — Washington at
Morristown — Enemy driven out of Newark and E. T. — Capt. E. Littell —
Barbarity of the Enemy — Tories and Neutrals driven out — Frequent Skir
mishes— British Army evacuate the State  432
CHAPTER XXI.
A.D. 1777-1780.
Forays from S. Island -N. J. Volunteers - Sullivan invades a Island - British
Incursion -Dickinson invades S. Island - Exchange of Prisoners - Confis
cation - London Trading - Great Privations - Spies - Foravs - Battle of

CONTENTS. 13
Monmouth — Maxwell in command here — Sale of Confiscated Estates — Ex
pedition of Sir Chas. Grey — Lord Stirling stationed here — Flags of Truce
— Washington at E. T. — Plots against Gov. Livingston — Invasion of the
Town — Burning of the Barracks, Parsonage and Academy — Livingston's
Correspondence with Sir Henry Clinton — Continental currency — Trouble
in the Camp — Case of Mrs. Chandler — Troops pacified — Forays of S.
Islanders — Negro Panic — Col. Dayton hi command here — Severe Winter
— Great Snow Storm — Sufferings of Troops — N. Y. Harbor closed with solid
Ice — Lord Stirling invades S. Island — Refugees invade E. T., and burn the
Court House and Presb. Chh. — The Incendiary — Old " Red Store House "
— Gen. St. Clair, and then Baron De Kalb, in command here — Forays from
S. Island,  461
CHAPTER XXII.
A.D. 1780-1783.
Knyplmusen invades E. T. in force — Passage of the Brit. Array thraugh the
town — Uprising of the Militia — Skirmishes — Severe Fight near Spring
field — Wife of Rev. J. Caldwell murdered — Village of Ct. Farms burned
down — Retreat of the British to the Point — Thunder-Storm — Skirmishes
at the Point — Second Advance of the British Army - — Battle of Springfield
— Village burned — Retreat of the Foe to S. Island — Bravery of the Militia
— Partisan Warfare — Capture of Col. Ogden and Capt. Dayton — Raids of
Refugees — Cowboys — Night Patrols — Marauding Parties — Surrender of
Cornwallis — Exchange of Prisoners — Desperadoes — Forays — Predatory
Raids — Maj. Crane's Exploits — Peace,  486
CHAPTER XXIII.
A.D. 1760-17S0.,
Ecclesiastical — Rev. Jas. Caldwell — Birth — Education — Ordination —
Settlement here, — Visit of Whitefield — Revival — Elders and Deacons —
Rules for the Sexton — Chh. enlarged — Grammar School — Taught by Pem
berton," Reeve, Periam, Barber, and Baldwin — Am. Episcopate — Annual
Conventions — Another Revival — Increase of Salary — Mr. C. arraigned be
fore the Presbytery and cleared — His Patriotism — Chaplain of the N.J.
Brigade in the Northern Army — Return — Refuge from the British at Tur
key — Assistant Commissary General — Parsonage and Chh. burned — Retires
to Ct. Farms — Mrs. C. murdered — His Papers carried off — Retires to
Turkey — Chosen one of the State Council — Murdered — Epitaph of Mr. C.
and his Wife — Their children,  513
CHAPTER XXIV.
A.D. 1747-1790.
Ecclesiastical — Rev. T. B. Chandler, D.D. — Birth — Education — Catechistof
St. John's Chh. — Parsonage — Wardens and Vestrymen — Mr. Chandler goes

14- CONTENTS.
to Eng., and obtains Orders — Rector of St. John's — Marriage — Has the
Small-Pox — Long Illness — Zeal for Episcopacy — Obtains a Charter for
St. John's — Wardens and Vestrymen — Visit of Mr. Whitefield — Troubles
in the Parish — Enlargement of the Parsonage — Political Troubles — Hon
orary Doctorate — Ep. Controversy — Pension — Flies to England — Worship
suspended for Years — Resumed again — Rev. Uzal Ogden, Ass. Minister-
Birth — Popularity — Settles at Newark — Rev. S. Spraggs, Ass. Minister —
Dr. Chandler ten Years in England — Returns home — Obtains the Offer of
an Episcopate — Too ill to accept — Death — His Family, . . .537

CHAPTER XXV.
A.D. 1783-1795.
Return of Gov. Livingston — Sad Changes — Visit of Washington — Refugees
remove to N. Scotia and N. Brunswick — "New Jersey Journal" established
— U. S. Constitutional Convention — Fourth of July Celebrations — New
Charter — Death of Gov. Livingston — Death of Gen. M. Ogden — Rage for
Speculation — Lotteries — Schools — Circulating Library — Congressmen —
Death of Mayor De Hart,  552
CHAPTER XXVI.
A.D. 1725-1795.
Subdivisions of the Township — Springfield set off, and Turkey annexed to it —
New Providence set off from Springfield — Settlement of Springfield — Rev.
Timothy Symmes — Rev. Nathan Ker — Rev. J. Van Artsdalen — Settlement
of New Providence — Rev. John Cleverly — Rev. A. Horton — Rev. Jos.
Lamb — Rev. Timothy Allen* — Rev. Jonathan Elmer — Westfield set off —
Its Settlement — Rev. N. Hubbell — Rev. John Grant — Rev. Ben. Woodruff
— Scotch Plains — Rev. Ben. Miller — Rev. Wm. Van Horn — Death of
Hon. Abraham Clark — Removal of Hon. Elias Boudinot, LL. D. . . 564
CHAPTER XXVII.
A.D. 17S2-1S04.
Ecclesiastical — Rev. J. F. Armstrong — Rebuilding of Presb. Chh. — Revival
— Rev. Wm. A. Linn — Lottery for finishing the Chh. — Rev. David Austin —
Birth — Education — Settlement — Chh. completed — Monthly Magazine —
American Preacher — Prophetic Investigations — Sermon on the Downfall of
Babylon — Great Excitement— Day set for Christ's Coming — Mr. Austin dis
missed— Anti Sabbath-Profanation Meeting — Rev. John Giles — Mr. Aus
tin returns — Rev. Henry Kollock — Mr. Austin's Second Return — Stated
Supply — Separate Worship — Returns to Connecticut — Subsequent History
— His Death and Character, ... . . 591

CONTENTS. 15
CHAPTER XXVIII.
A.D. 1790-1888.
Ecclesiastical — Rev. Samuel Spraggs — Rev. Menzies Rayner — Rev. Frede
rick Beasley, D. D. — Rev. Samuel Lilly — Introduction of Methodism —
Lists of Methodist Ministers — Rev. Thomas Morrell, .... 614
CHAPTER XXIX.
¦A.D. 1735-1856.
Ecclesiastical — Township of Rahwat — Presb. Chh. — Rev. Messrs. Cleverly,
Grant, Strong, and Watkins — First Pastor — Rev. A. Richards — Rev. R. H.
Chapman, D. D. — Rev. B. Carll — Township of Union — Presb. Chh. — Rev.
S. Horton — Rev. J. Davenport — Rev. D. Thane — Rev. J. Darby, M. D. —
Rev. B. Hait — Rev. P. Fish — Rev. S. Smith — Rev. S. 0. Thompson, 627
CHAPTER XXX.
A.D. 1801-1844.
Political Parties — Flag Presentation — County House Agitation — Female Vo
ters — Political Corruption — Trial of Cornelius Hatfield — Gen. Elias Day
ton — Town House burned and rebuilt — Streets regulated — Anti-Sabbath-
Profanation — Thomas' Ferry — Casualty — Steam Navigation — Monopoly —
Gov. Ogden and the Livingstons — Thomas Gibbons — Opposition Line —
Lawsuit — Decision of U. S. Supreme Court — Monopoly brought to an end
— Daniel Dod — War of 1812-15 — Paper Currency — Peace Celebration —
Gen. Wm. Crane — Lt.-Gen. Winfield Scott — Mayor Jeremiah Ballard —
Gen. Jona. Dayton — Gov. Williamson  647
CHAPTER XXXI.
AD. 1804-1868.
Ecclesiastical — First Presto Chh. — Rev. John McDowell, D.D. — Rev. Nicho
las Murray, D.D. — Rev. E. Kempshall — Second Presb. Chh. — Rev. David
Magie, D.D. — Rev. Wm. C. Roberts — Third Presb. Chh.— Rev; Robert
Aikman — Fourth Pres. Chh., Elizabethport — Rev. Abm. Brown — Rev.
Oliver S. St. John— Rev. Edwin H. Reinhart — Westminster Presb. Chh. —
Siloam Presb. Chh.— Rev. John C. Rudd, D.D. — Rev. Smith Pyne— Rev.
BirdseyeG. Noble— Rev. Richd. C. Moore — Rev. Samuel A. Clark — New
St. John's — Chapel — Grace Chh. — Rev. David Clarkson — Rev. Clarkson
Dunn — Christ Chh. — Rev. Eugene A. Hoffman, D.D. — Rev. Stevens Parker
— Trinity Chh.— Rev. Daniel F. Warren, D.D.— First Baptist Chh. — Rev.
George W. Clark — Broad St. Baptist Chh. — Rev. D. Henry Miller, D.D.—
Congregational Chh. — Rev. John M. Wolcott.— Rom. Cath.Chhs. — Mora
vian Chh. — Rev. Christian Ncu — Lutheran Chh. — Swedenborgians, . 666

16 CONTENTS.
CHAPTER XXXII.
A.D. 1855-1868.
City Charter — Town of Linden set off — Rail Roads — Elizabethport — Old
Farms sold for City Lots — Street Improvements — New Market House —
County House — Population — The Great Rebellion — Finances of the City —
Prospective Growth — Conclusion, ....... 685

THE

HISTORY OF ELIZABETH,
NEW JERSEY.

CHAPTEE I.
A.D. 1609-1664.

Natives of the Soil — Discovery by Europeans — Early Traders — Werckhovens
Manorial Purchase — Failure to perfect a Title — Restoration of Charles II —
Alarm of the New Haven Colony — Attempts to Colonize in New Netherland
— Petition of John Strickland and others— Dutch Proposals — Negotiations
of Fenn and his Associates — Failure thereof — Long Islanders frustrated in
planting a Colony on the Raritan.
The territory now occupied by Elizabeth, in New Jersey,
was formerly the abode of savage tribes, unknown to fame.
"Whence they came, and how long they had dwelt on these
shores, are questions that neither authentic history nor plau
sible tradition pretends to answer. They have long since
passed away, without memorial. Another, and a very differ
ent, population have taken their place, possessed their lands,
and made the wilderness, in which they dwelt and r&amed, a
fruitful field. The history of the town dates back to the
coming of these new. settlers — the era of its occupation by
civilized and cultivated humanity.
It was on Sunday, the sixth day of September, 1609, that
the eye of the stranger from the old world first rested on
this goodly site. Three days before, the two-masted " vlie-
boat," called the " Half Moon," of eighty tons' burden, under
the command of the renowned Henry Hudson, had cast
2

18 THE HISTORY OF
anchor in Sandy Hook Bay. The adventurous craft was
manned by twenty men, Dutch and English, in the service
of the East India Company of the United Provinces. Then-
design was to explore a passage to China and the Indies, by
the northwest. The day after their arrival, they were visited
by the natives, who seemed, as the journalist describes it,
Very glad of our comming, and brought greene Tobacco, and gauevs
of it for Kniues and Beads. They go in Deere skins loose, well dressed.
They haue yellow Copper. They desire Cloatlies, and are very ciuill.
They haue great store of Maiz or Indian, Wheate, whereof they make
good Bread. The Oountery is full of great and tall Oakes.
The day following, some of the crew landed, who
Saw great store of MeD, Women and Children, who gaue them Tabacco
at their comming on Land. So they went vp into the Woods, and saw
great store of very goodly Oakes, and some Currants. One of them came
aboord, and brought some dryed. Many others, also, came aboord,
some in Mantles of Feathers, and some in Skinnes of divers sorts of good
Furres. Some women also came with Hempe. They had red Copper
Tabacco pipes, and other things of Copper they did weare about their
neckes. .
On Sunday, the 6th, John Coleman and four other men
were sent out in a boat to explore the harbor. Sailing
through the Narrows, they found
Very good ridiDg for Ships; and a narrow Riuer to the Westward
betweene two Hands. The Lands were as pleasant with Grasse and
Floweres, and goodly Trees, as euer they had seene, and very sweet smells
came from them. So they went in two leagues and saw an open Sea, and
returned.* The " narrow river," through which they sailed, was The
Kills, between Bergen Point and Staten Island; and the
" open sea " was Newark Bay. That part of the town that
borders on the Bay was, of course, in full sight. These five
men, therefore, of whom John Coleman f was one, were the
first discoverers of this particular tract. The name by which
the land was known among the natives, was Scheyichbi.
The account of the natives, as given by Juet, applies to those
* Juot'a Narrative, in N. T. nist. Soc. Col., 1. 135.
t Coleman was .lata, the same day, on his return, by tl.o treacherous arrow of one of the
natives; an augury of no pleasant import.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 19
then occupying this locality, as well as those further down
the coast.
Public attention was soon called to this inviting region,
and a profitable trade in peltries was presently opened with
Holland. The Dutch merchants established a post at Man
hattan, as early as 1613,, and thence dispatched, from time
to time, small boats or shallops into the creeks and bays of
this vicinity, to traffic with the natives for skins and furs, —
the country then abounding with game and herds of wild
beasts. These traders were thus made acquainted, at an
early day, with this particular locality, its beauties, its capa
bilities, and its desirableness. But no attempt, for various
reasons, was made to occupy and cultivate the soil. At that
period the natives were too numerous, and too treacherous,
for a mere handful of foreigners to undertake any thing like
permanent settlements. It was not until 1623, thatj stimu
lated, probably, by what the English had accomplished at
New Plymouth, the Dutch undertook to plant colonies of
agriculturists in what they called New Netherland. But
these enterprises were few and feeble — confined mainly to
the neighborhood of their military posts. Their relations to
the natives were not always very amicable, and sometimes
decidedly hostile. It was not deemed safe, therefore, to ven
ture as far into the wilderness as the western shores of Achter
Kol,* as Newark Bay was called by the Dutch. The difficulty
was still further increased by the cruel and unprovoked mas
sacre of the unsuspecting natives, fourscore in number, at
Pavonia, or Paulus Hook, by the Dutch of New Amsterdam,
on the night of February 25, 1643. An end was thereby
put, for several years at least, to all thoughts of extending
the settlements into the interior.
But the land was too attractive not to provoke the greed
of the Dutch Colonists. An attempt, and, so far as can now
be discovered, the first attempt, was made to plant a colony
in this locality, at the close of the year 1651. The policy of
the Dutch government had been to encourage the settlement
* Beliind the Bay, i. o., the second bay; Bince corrupted to "Arthur Cull," a perversion
that ought to be at once corrected.

20

THE HISTORY OF

of colonies or manors, similar to the lordships and seigniories
of the old world, by men of large fortunes, known as patroons,
to whom peculiar privileges, both of trade and government,
were accorded. These manors were of great extent, and
their proprietors were looked upon as an order of nobility —
much like the old barons of the feudal period. The most
desirable tracts, both on the North and South Kivers, had thus
been colonized, principally by several shrewd and enterprising
directors of the Amsterdam Chamber of the "West India Com
pany. The whole of the' neck opposite New Amsterdam, as
far as the Kills and Newark Bay, together with Staten Island,
had been appropriated for years.
Directly west of these colonies stretched, for miles, along
the waters of Achter Kol, and the estuary to the west of
Staten Island, one of the most inviting regions in all New
Netherland. To this fair land was now directed the eager
attention of the Honorable Cornelis Van "Werckhoven, one
of the Schepens of Utrecht in Holland. He duly notified
the Amsterdam Chamber of his intention to plant two
colonies, or manors, in New Netherland. A commission was
thereupon given to Augustine Heermans, of Bohemia, — who
had made New Amsterdam his home since the year 1633,
and had become an influential and wealthy citizen, — to pur
chase these lands from the natives. Accordingly Heermans
negotiated with the resident proprietors, and purchased, for
Van "Werckhoven, the whole of the tract extending from
The mouth of the Raritan Creek westerly up unto a creek, Manlcack-
IcewachTcy, which runs Northwest up into the country, and then from the
Earitan Creek aforesaid northerly up along the River behind States Isle,
unto the Creek, namely, from the Earitan Point, called Orapoge, unto
Pechciesse, the aforesaid creek, and so the said creek Pechciesse up to
the very head, of it, and from thence direct westerly thorowe the Land
untill it meets with the aforesaid Creek and Meadow Ground called Man-
kackkewachky aforesaid.*
Possession was given, and the trees in each hook of the
tract were marked with the initials of "Werckhoven. The
land thus described included the region west of Staten
* East Jersoy Records, Lib. I. 8.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 21
Island, from the Earitan to the Passaic Eivers, and extended
back into the country indefinitely.*
Three other tracts, one to the south of the Earitan, and
two on Long Island, were purchased for the same good old
Dutchman, with the hope of large gains from each. But,
objection having been made on the part of other as greedy
speculators against the accumulation of so much territory in
the hands of one owner, the case was referred to the Amster
dam Chamber, who decided that Van Werckhoven could re
tain but one of the tracts in question. He chose to locate
himself on Long Island, and so commenced there the colony
of New Utrecht, so named from his native city in Holland.
The title to the land above described reverted, therefore, to
the original owners.
It was a happy providence that defeated the attempt to
plant a Dutch manorial colony, under a lordly patroon, on
these fair shores ; and reserved the land for settlement by a
very different class of colonists, under happier auspices. It
remained unoccupied, save by the natives, for another con
siderable term of vears. The slaughter of the Dutch colonists,
« CD '^
in September, 1655, at Pavonia, Hoboken, and Staten Island,
in retaliation for the massacre of their kindred by the Dutch
in 1643, struck terror into the hearts of the new settlers every
where, and filled New Amsterdam with panic-stricken
refugees ; thus putting an end to all schemes for occupying
the country round about.f
The Eestoration of Charles II. to the throne of his
ancestors, May 29, 1660, very naturally turned the attention
of the disaffected in Great Britain to the fertile fields of the
New "World of the "West, and gave a new impulse to Ameri
can emigration. It awakened, too, well-founded fears among
the hitherto-peaceful Colonists of New England in respect to
their dear-bought liberties. Under the Protectorate, they
had enjoyed the utmost freedom in the administration of
their civil affairs, exercising, without the slightest interference
from the Home Government, the right of choosing and
appointing their own magistracy, of making their own laws,
* O'Callaghan's New Netherland, II. 1S6, t Erodhead's New York, 1. S52-3, 60T
Note.

22

THE HISTORY OF

and of regulating their own taxation. Iu all these respects,
they had reason to apprehend a serious conflict with the new
government. Jealous of the prerogative of self-government,
so happily enjoyed from their earliest organization as English
Colonies in America, it was with extreme reluctance that
these stern old Puritans consented to proclaim the new mon
arch, and to congratulate him on his accession to the throne.
More especially was this the case in the Colony of New
Haven, where the republican sentiment had been most fully
developed, and none but members of the church were en
trusted with the rights of freemen. The project of an in
corporation by charter with the Colony of Connecticut, where
these restrictions were unknown, greatly alarmed the leaders
of the New Haven Colony, and led a portion of them to think
of securing a home under the Dutch government in New
Netherland, where they might perpetuate their peculiar
principles without molestation.
Special attention was now directed to the unoccupied and
attractive region lying between the North and South Eivers,
and especially its eastern portion. Among the first to make
application to the Dutch authorities for the settlement of a
plantation at Achter Kol, was John Sticklan [Strickland], a
resident of Huntingdon on Long Island, in behalf of himself
and a number of other New England people. The most of
the settlers in that part of Long Island, including Strickland
himself, were from the New Haven jurisdiction, and, in all
probability, partook of the prevalent feelings of the people of
that colon}'-. The application was in the words following :
Worthy Sir : after my due respects p'sented vnto you these few lines
ar to request a keindness of you. taking you to be my spetiall fr'end, and
know no other like your selff to intrust in such a Case as this : the thing
I dezier and som others with me is this : that you woulde be pleased to
take the first and moste sutable opportunity to speake with the honored
gouernor, deziring him to resolue you in these particulars first, whither
or no. that place vpon* the mayne land which is called Arther Cull he
free from any ingagements : secondly if free : then whither or no he will
be plesod to grant it to a Company of honest men that may dezier to sit
doune ther to make a plantasion vnder bis gouerment and that you would
be pleased hauing so done to return an answer by the first, which we

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 93
shall waight for, and hauing incoragement we shall forthwith adres our
selues to treate further with him aboute the matter thus not doubting of
your faithfullness herin I take leaue and rest yours to Oomande •
John Sticklin
from Huntington february 15lh 1660.
lett me intreate you to send the answer to Samuwell Mathies at Rus-
dorpe, that it maye be conveied to me in safety : and that you woulde be
pleased that it may be kept secret houeuer it goe.
Sr if you can w"1 convenience I would intreate you to send me an an
swer by y6 bearer of this, all convenient speede being requisite.
The second letter follows :
Worthy Sir: after my. due respects p'sented vnto you, these few
lines ar to intreate a Courtesi of you, that you woulde be plescd to speake
with the honered gouerner, and lorde Steuenson. to know of him if that
place which is called Arthor Coll be free to be disposed of. and whither
or no he will giue incoragement to a Company of the inglish nasion there
to settle themselues, if vpon a vew made they shall take satisfaction, and
when you know his minde herin. that you woulde be pleased to return me a
few wordes in answer by tbis bearer samwell mathews, and accordingly
my selff with sum other trends, whoe haue an ? that waye will adress our
selues : I shall trubble you 110 furder at prsant, but to intreate you to
pardon my bowldnes and so rest your louing frend to comand
John Stikland from huntington Aprill 29 : 1661.
These letters Avere addressed to Capt. Bryan Newton, one
of Gov. Stuyvesant's council, by whom they were duly pre
sented, and an answer, of which the following is a transla
tion, was given :
The preceding i-equests being delivei-ed to Capt" Lieutenant Brian
Nuton, and being by him communicated to the HonMe" Director Gen
eral and by his Exc''^ delivered to the Council, it is after question put,
resolved to give said Capt" Lieutenant for Answer, that he may let the
Petitioners know that they may freely come to look at the indicated
parcel of land, and if they like it, that further disposition would then be-
had on their application and proposal. This 2 June 1661.*
Their High Mightinesses, the Dutch rulers, sent over, in.
the spring of 1661, a general invitation to " all Christian peo
ple of tender conscience, in England or elsewhere oppressed,
to erect colonies anywhere within the jurisdiction of Petrus
Stuyvesant, in the West Indies, between New England
* Albany Records, IX. 6S9, 641-3. O'Caliaghon's New Netherland, II. 446.

24 ' THE HISTORY OF
and Virginia, in America." A charter of Conditions and
Privileges, of exceedingly liberal import, had been drawn up
by the West India Company, and approved, February -fa,
166f, by the States General.*
In June following, the General Court of Connecticut in
structed their Governor, John Winthrop, to proceed to Eng
land, and procure from the king a charter for the colony, to
include the whole territory " eastward to Plymouth line,
northward to the limits of the Massachusetts colony, and
westward to the bay of Delaware, if it may be," f and, also,
the islands contiguous. These lines included, of course, the
colony of New Haven, and the proposition excited there, as
might have been expected, no little discontent and indigna
tion. Several of the newly-chosen magistrates declined to
serve and take the prescribed oaths, and the disaffection was
widespread. It is not strange, therefore, that the liberal proposals of the
Dutch government, just then made public, should have met
with a warm reception in New Haven and the adjacent
towns. A deputation was sent to New Amsterdam to make
further inquiry, and to ascertain the character of the lands
to be settled. The deputation was so " courteously enter
tained," and made so favorable a report of the country, as to
induce Messrs. Benjamin Eenn and Eobert Treat, magistrates
of Milford, Dr. Jaspar Gunn, one of the deacons of the church
of Milford, and Mr. Eiehard Law, one of the magistrates of
Stamford, — all of them being of the New Haven jurisdiction,
and originally from Wethersfield, on the Connecticut,— to
come down, in November, 1661, with full powers, to nego
tiate with Governor Stuyvesant for the settlement of a plan
tation in these parts,—" within the limits of the [West India]
Company's jurisdiction behind Staten Island, about the Eari
tan Eiver."
Among the conditions insisted upon by the New Haven
people, were, liberty to gather a church " in the Congrega
tional way, such as they had enjoyed in New England
"O'Calhighan'sN.Neth., II. 444-6. N.T t Brodhead's Now York, I. 695.
Colonial Documents, III. 8T-9.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY 25
about twenty years past ; " the right of calling a synod by
the English churches that might be gathered in New Neth
erland, for the regulation of their ecclesiastical affairs ; " the
right to administer justice in all civil matters within them
selves, by magistrates of their own selection," without ap
peal to other authorities ; the purchase of the lands by the
Dutch government from the natives, and a full conveyance
thereof to the associates forever ; none to " be allowed to
settle among them except by their own consent ; the right
to collect debts ; " and. a written charter stipulating these
rights in full.*
To all these the Governor readily consented, except the con
cession of full powers of self-government without appeal ;
Stuyvesant being unwilling to grant them, in this respect,
-greater liberties than were enjoyed by the other towns and
colonies of New Netherland. But the deputation was stren
uous in securing a full concession of popular rights, inasmuch
as a controversy between Stuyvesant and his people had for
years been carried on, and with some considerable asperity,
on this very point ; the people demanding that no laws
should be enacted, and no magistrates appointed, but with
their consent and approbation ; arid the governor stoutly re
sisting the demand. The conference, thus broken off, was
renewed in March, 1662, with the same result. The whole
matter was then referred to the Directors at Amsterdam.
They would have been pleased, they say, in their reply,
March 26, 1663, with the arrangement, as the " settlement
might serve as a bulwark to our nation against the savages
on the Earitan and Minisink." They instruct Stuyvesant to
insist on retaining appellate jurisdiction in certain criminal
cases, "as long as it is tenable ; " but, "if the object in view
is not obtainable without, this sacrifice," then the Governor
was " authorized to treat with the English on such terms as
in his opinion are best adapted to promote the welfare
of the State and its subjects." The negotiations were re
newed in June, 1663, but with what result the record does
not state. As no settlement was attempted during the con-
* O'CaUaghan's N. Neth., II. 447-8. Albany Records, IX. 897, 899, 907 ; X. 73, 77.

26 THE HISTORY OF
tmuance of the Dutch dominion, it is altogether probable
that the disagreement remained.*
Later in the year, the English towns on Long Island had
succeeded in throwing off the authority of the Dutch Govern
ment, and had put themselves under the jurisdiction of Con
necticut. Early in December, a party of twenty Englishmen,
from Jamaica, Flushing, and Gravesend, proceeded, in Stof-
fel Elsworth's sloop, to the Earitan Eiver, with the intention
of purchasing a plantation from the Indians. But the design
was arrested by an armed party under command of Captain
Kregier, sent out for the purpose by Governor Stuyvesant,
in the Company's yacht, f
These were the only attempts, so far as we can learn, by
any parties previous to the year 1664, to occupy this part of
the country. Denton, in 1670, says :
Whilst it was under the Dutch Government, which hath been till
within these six years, there was little encoui'agement for any English,
both in respect to their safety from the Indians, the Dutch being almost
always in danger of them ; and their Bevei'-trade not admitting of a War,
which would have been destructive to their trade which was the main
thing prosecuted by the Dutch. And secondly, the Dutch gave snch bad
Titles to Lands, together with their exacting of the Tenths of all which
men produced off their Land, that did much hinder the populating of it;
together with that general dislike the English have of living under an
other Government.!
* O'Callaghan's N. Netli., II. 44S-9. t Whitehead's E. Jersey, p. 3 77.
Whitehead's E. Jersoy, pp. 1S3-4. Brod- % Denton's New Tork, Ed. of 1S45, pp.
head's Now York, I. TOT-S 16, 17.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY 27

CHAPTEE II.
A. D. 1664-1665.
Charter of Counccticut — Royal African Company — Grant to the Duke of
York — Expedition against New Netherland — Surrender of New Amster
dam — Gov. Nicolls — Petition of Bailey, Denton, and others for leave to
plant a Colony — Indian Purchase and Deed — Nicolls' Grant — Proposals for
Settlers — Early Descriptions of the Country — Extent of Nicolls' Patent —
Date of the Settlement — Tradition of four Families — Associate Purchasers —
Rev. Thomas James.
Foe several years previous to the Eestoration of Charles
II., serious differences had existed between the Dutch and
English Colonies in North America. The latter were far the
more numerous and powerful. Having settled on the sea-
coast of New England, and their patents for land giving
them an indefinite extent of territory westward, they found
themselves brought into collision with the Dutch who
claimed on both sides of the North Eiver to its source. Ee-
peated conferences resulted more and more unfavorably for
peace. The new charter of Connecticut, obtained from the
king, and bearing date April 23, 1662, expressly granted
them all the territory between the Massachusetts line and the.
sea, extending from Narragansett Bay to the Pacific Ocean.
The Dutch were, accordingly, told, by the Hartford people,
that " they knew of no New Netherland province, but of a
Dutch governor over the Dutch plantation on the Man
hattans." Eepresentations were, also, made to the Court,
designed to further these claims, and to lead to the extinguish
ment of the Dutch government in America.*
Charles had, for some time, meditated the reduction of the,
American Colonies to a state of immediate dependence on
* Brodhead's New York, 1. 721.

28 THE HISTORY OF
the crown, and the extension of his power along the whole
coast of America. He was ready to embrace the first
opportunity, therefore, that might offer for extending his
jurisdiction over the coveted territory. "The Company of
Eoyal Adventurers of England trading with Africa," more
commonly known as " the Eoyal African Company," had
just (January 10, 166f) been chartered, with the Duke of
York as their President. They were nothing more nor less
than slave-traders. In the prosecution of their nefarious
traffic, they had been greatly annoyed, and very seriously
damaged, by the powerful and monopolizing West India
Company of the United Provinces. Early in the following
year, therefore, an expedition was secretly sent out, by the
Eoyal African Company, against the African possessions of
the Dutch Company ; the two countries being at peace.*
The more successfully to compete with the Dutch, and to
cripple them in their rivalry, the Duke sought, and readily
obtained, from his royal brother, the king, March |^, 166f, a
grant of Long Island, and all the land from the west side of
Connecticut River to the east side of Delaware Bay, together
with what is now the State of Maine, and the Islands aloDg
the coast of New England, together with the right of
government, or sovereignty ; including thus, not only the
Dutch province of New Netherland, but, also, a large part
of the territory given by royal patent, less than two years
previously, to the Connecticut Colony. A very cool proceed
ing, and a clear case of usurpation.!
The Duke, as Lord High Admiral, had control of the
Eoyal Navy. An expedition was immediately fitted out, of
four ships-of-war, under the command of Col. Eiehard
Nicolls, a faithful adherent of the Eoyal Family, to whom
the Duke granted, April -^ a commission to serve as his
deputy-governor within the whole grant. With him were
associated, also, April 26, [May 5,] 1664, Sir Robert Carr,
Knight, George Cartwright, Esq., and Samuel Maverick,
Esq., as Royal Commissioners to visit the American Colonies,
* Brodhend's Now York, I. 785.
t Ibid. Loaming and Spioer's Grants and Concessions, pp. 8-S.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY 29
with plenary powers to adjust disputes, appeals, and com
plaints of every description, and provide for the public wel-
ware, looking well, of course, to the rights of the crown.J
The fleet cast anchor in the outer bay of New Amsterdam,
on Friday, August |-|- ^he surrender of the town of
Manhattoes was demanded, the next day. After various ne
gotiations, protracted through the following week, the terms
of capitulation were arranged on Saturday, August 27 [Sep
tember 6]. On the Monday following, the Dutch authorities
surrendered the town and fort, and the English took posses
sion. New Amsterdam became New York; and Fort
Amsterdam, Fort James. Nicolls was proclaimed deputy-
governor for the Duke of York, and the people, not a few of
them gladly, very quietly submitted to the sway of the Eng
lish conquerors. A few weeks sufficed to bring the whole
province of New Netherland into subjection, and to give the
control of the whole. coast, from Maine to Carolina, to the
crown of Great Britain.
To the English inhabitants of the west end of Long Island,
the change of government was peculiarly acceptable. They
had met with so many obstructions from the Dutch, and had
been so stoutly denied a voice in the government, that they
could not but regard the advent of the English fleet with
favor, and rejoice in their success. Immediately the atten
tion of those settlers who had, several years -before, sought a
removal to Achter Kol, west of the North Eiver, was directed
again to these inviting regions. An Association was at once
formed, and several of their number deputed to go down to
New York, and secure of the Governor the liberty to pur
chase and settle a plantation, which they had sought in vain
from his predecessor under the Dutch Government. Four
weeks had scarcely elapsed since the surrender, when we find
them presenting the following petition :
To the Right honour"1'18 Col. Richard Nicholls Esq' Governour of
New- York &c. The Humble petic&n of us subscribed sneweth :
That several of us Yor Petic6ners being Intended formerly to have pur
chased and setled a plantation upon y8 River called after-cull River be-
} Brodhead's New York, I. 735-6.

3o' THE HISTORY OF
fore Yo* arival into these parts: our Intentions, notwithstanding our
making some way with the Indians & Charges & Expences about the prem
ises, was obstructed by the then Ruling Dutch. And some of us by Rea
son of not having any Accommadations here were put upon thoughts of
Removing into some other of bis Ma,iestie» Dominions : but now upon this
Yor happy arival and the Decease of the Duch Interest, we would Gladly
proceed in the Design afforesd. In order whereunto, we make bold w11
all humility to petition to Yo' Honor that you would Grant us liberty to
purchas and setle a parcel of land to Improve our labour upon on the
River before mentioned, and some of us being Destitute of habitations
where we are, we crave Your Answer with as much Expedition as may
be. we humbly Take our leaves at Present and subscribe Yo' Hono"
to command. John Bailies
Daniel Denton
from Jemaico commonly Thomas Benydiek
so called Sept' 26, 1664. Xathan81 Denton
John Foster
Luke Watson
The application received the prompt attention of the new
Governor, and the paper was presently returned with the fol
lowing endorsement :
Upon Perusal of this Petic&n, I Do Consent nnto the proposals and
Shall Give the undertakers all Due Encouragement in so Good a work.
Given under my hand in fort James, this 30th of Septem' 1664.
Richard Nicbolls*
Having thus secured the Governor's warrant for their en
terprise, "the undertakers-" made speedy arrangements for a
conference with the native owners of the soil. Capt. John
Baker, of the City of New York, it is said, was employed as
the English and Dutch Interpreter, and one of the natives as
the Indian and Dutch Interpreter. The conference was held
at Staten Island, where the chief sagamores of the Indians
then lived, .and resulted satisfactorily to all the parties. A
tract of land was purchased, for which the following deed
was given :
This Indenture made The SS"1 Day of October In the Sixteenth
Year of the Reign of our Soveraign Lord Charles By The Grace of God
of England, Scotland, France and Ireland, King Defender of the faith &c.
Between Mattano Manamowaouc and Cowcsoomen of Staten Island of the
one part and John Bayly, Daniel Denton, and Lt3ke Watson of Jamaica
* E. Town Book, B., oth. end, 34. E. Town Bill in Chancery, 25. Learning and Spicor's
Grants, Concessions, Ac, pp. 66S-9.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 31
In Long Island Husband Men on the other part Witnesseth That
the said Mattano Manamowaouc and Coescomen hath clearly Bargained
and Sold to the said John Bayly, Daniel Denton and Luke Watson, Their
Associates their" heirs and Execu'8 One parcel of Land bounded on the
South By a River commonly called The Raritans River And on the East
by the River wch Parts Staten Island and The Main, and To Run North
ward up after cull Bay. Till we como att the first River wch setts westward
out of the said Bay aforesaid And To Run west Into the Countery Twice
the Length as it Is Broad from the North to The Soi3th of the aforemen
tioned Bounds, Together with the Lands, Meadows, woods, waters,
feilds, fenns, fishings, fowlings, wft all and Singular the Appurtenances,
wth All Gaines, Profitts and advantages arising upon the said Lands and
all other the premisses and appurtenances To the Said John Bayly, Daniel
Denton, and Lnke Watson w1" Their Associates, w'h their and Every of
their Heirs Executors Admin'8 or Assignes for Ever To have and To
hold The said Lands with the Appurtenances To the said John Bayly,
Daniel Denton and Luke Watson with their Associates their Execu"
Assignes, .Ind The said Mattanno Manomowaouc covenant promise
Grant and Agree To and wth the said John Bayly, Daniel Denton and
Luke Watson and their Associates their heirs and Execu'8 To Keep them
Safe in the Enjoyment of the Said Lands from all Expulsion and Incum
brances whatsoever may arise of the Said Land By Any person or per
sons By Reason of Any Title had or Growing before the" Date of these
presents, for which Bargain, Sale, Covenants, Grants & Agreements on
the behalf of the sd Matteno maflamowouc and Conescomen to be per
formed, Observed and Done the fores3 parties Are at their Enttery upon
the Said Land To pay To the sd Matteno Manamowouc and Couescoman,
Twenty fathom of Trading Cloath, Two made Coats, Two Guns Two
Kettles Ten Bars of Lead Twenty Handfuls of powder, And further the
sd John Baily Daniel Denton and Luke watson Do Covenant Promise
Grant and Agree to and with the sd Mattano Manamowoauc and Couesco
man the foresd Indians four hundred fathom of white wampom after a
Years Expiration from the Day of the said John Bayly Daniel Denton
and Luke watson Entery upon ye said Lands. In witness whereof we
have hereunto put our hands and seals, the Day and Year aforesaid.
The Mark of Mattano  -  ~—
The Mark of Sewak herones N
The Mark of Warinanco ~~*~»~»~>~i
Signed Sealed and Delivered in the p'sence of us witnesses
Charles Horsley
The Mark of
Randal R. Hewett*
*E. Town Book, B., oth. end, 10-11. E. Town Bill in Chancery, pp. 25-6. Ans. to do.,
p. 7. Grants, Concessions, &c., pp. 069-671. The whole cost and charges were estimated by
Secretary Bollen at more than £154 .

32 THE HISTORY OF
Having thus made, in good faith, of the native proprietors,
a fair and equitable purchase of the desired territory, and
procured a carefully- worded deed of the said purchase, the
Associates proceeded to submit the transaction to Gov.
Nicolls, from whom, presently afterwards, they obtained an
official confirmation of their title, by grant, in due form, as
follows :
To all To whom These p'sents shall come, I Richard Nicolls Esq'
Governour under his Royal Highness y6 Duke of York of all his Territo
ries In america send Greeting 'Whereas there is a parcel of Land w*
in my Government which hath Been purchased of Mattano Manamowaouc
and Couesccoman of Staten Island By John Bayly Daniel Denton &Luke
watson of Jemaico In Long Island for a Consideration Express'd In a
Certain Deed of Indenture Bearing Date the 28th Day of October Last,
wherein the said parcel of Land was made over unto the said John
Bayly Daniel Denton and Luke watson and their Associates, their and
Every of their heirs Execu'8 admin" or Assigns for Ever as In the said
Deed, Relac6n being thereunto had more fully and at Large Doth and
may appear, JVoiv To the End the said Lands may the sooner be planted
Inhabited and manured I have thought fit to Give Confirme and Grant and
by these p'sents Do Give Confirme and Grant unto Cap' John Baker of
new Yorke, John Ogden of North-hampton, John Baily and Luke wat
son of Jemaico on Long Island and their Associates their heirs Execu" ad
min" and assigns the said parcell of Land Bounded on the South By a
River commonly called the Raritans River — On the East by y8 sea w88
partes Staten Island and the main, to Run Northwards up after cull Bay
Till you come to the first River W* sets westwards ont of the sd bay, And
To Run west Into the Countery Twice the Length of the Breadth thereof
from the North To the South of the aforementioned Bounds Together
with all Lands, Meadows Pastures woods waters feilds fenns fishings
fowling with all and singular the appurtenances, with all Gaines Profits
and advantages arising or that shall arise Upon the sd Lands and premises
To have and To hold the sd Lands and appurtenances To the sd
Cap' John Baker, John Ogden John Bayly and Luke watson and then- As
sociates their heirs Exec'8 admin" and assigns forever, Rendering and pay
ing Yearly unto his Royal Highness The Duke of Yorke or his assigns a cer
tain Rent according To the customary Rate of y Countery for New Planta
tions and Doing and p'forming such Acts & Things as shall be appointed
by bis said Royal highness or his Deputy, and The sd Cap' John Baker
John Ogden John Bayly & Luke watson and Their Associates their heirs
Execu" admin'8 and assigns are To Take Care and Charge of y8 sd Lands
andp'misses That People be carried thither with all convenient speed for
the settmg of plantac6ns thereon and that none have Libertie so To Do

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 33
without the Consent and Approbation of y° sd Cap' John Baker John
Ogden John Bayly and Luke watson and Their Associates Except they
shall neglect their Planting thereof according To The true Intent and
meaning of These p'sents. and I Do Likewise promise and Grant that the
persons so Inhabiting and planting the Lands and premises aforesd shall
have Equal freedom Immunities and privileges with any of his Ma"" sub
jects In any of his Colonys of America. And the sd Cap* John Baker John
Ogden John Baily and Luke watson and Their Associates have Libertie to
purchase of the Natives (or Others who have the proprietie thereof) as
farre as Snake hill to the End and purposes aforesd — In. witness
whereof I have hereunto set my hand and seal this first Day of December
In the sixteenth Year of the Reign of our Soveraign Lord Charles The .
Second By the Grace of God King of England Scotland France and Irre-
land Defender of the faith &c. at fort James In New York on the Island
of manhatans. Richard Nicolls.*
At or about the same time, Gov. Nicolls drew up and pub
lished certain Proposals by which property in lands might be
acquired in any of the unoccupied territories of the Duke of
York in America, as follows :
The Conditions for New Planters, in the Territories of his Royal High
ness the Duke of York.
The . Purchases are to be made from the Indian Sachems, and to be
Recorded before the Governour.
The Pui'chasers are not to pay for their Liberty of Purchasing to the
Governour. The Purchasers are to Set out a Town and Inhabit together.
No Purchaser shall at any Time Contract for himself with any Sachem,
without Consent of his Associates : or Special warrant from the Gov
ernour. The Purchasers are free from all manner of Assessments or Rates five
Years after their Town Piatt is Set out, and when the five years are
Expired, they shall only be Liable to the Publick Rates and payments, ac
cording to the Oastome of other Inhabitants both English and Dutch.
All Lands thus Purchased and Posses'd, shall Remain to the Pur
chasers and their Heirs as free- lands to Dispose of as they Please.
In all Territories of his Royal Highness, liberty of conscience is allowed ; ;
Provided such liberty is not Converted to licentiousness or the Disturbance
of Others in the exercise of the Protestant Religion.
The several Town-ships have liberty to make their Particular Laws, and
deoiding all Small Causes within themselves.
* E. Town Book B., oth. end, pp. 1 1, 12. E. Town Bill in Chancery, p. 28. Grants, Conces
sions, &c, pp. 671-8, m
3

34 THE HISTORY OF
The Lands which I intend shall be first Planted, are those upon the
west side of Hudsons River, at or adjoining to the Sopes. but if any Num
ber of men sufficient for Two or Three or more Towns, shall desire to
Plant upon any other Lands, they shall have all Due Encouragement Pro
portionable to their Quality and undertakings.
Every Town-ship is Obliged to pay their Minister, according to snch
Agreement as they shall make with them and No man to refuse his Pro
portion, the minister being Elected by the Major Part of the house-hold1"'
Inhabitants of the Town.
Every Town-ship hath the free Choice of all their Officers both Civill
and military, and all men who shall take the oath of allegiance to his
• Majestie and are not -Servants or Day-labourers, but are admitted to Enjoy
a Town-lott, are Esteemed free-men of the Jurisdiction, and cannot for
feit the same without Due Process in law.*
These Proposals were all that could be expected, ema
nating as they did from a Court, that was bitterly opposed
to every thing like democracy, exceedingly jealous of the
power and privileges of the people, and so hostile to the
Puritan party in the Church of England, as to have driven
more than two thousand non-conforming ministers into pri
vate life. They were regarded with peculiar favor by the
new settlers in the Duke's territories, and accepted as a lib
eral constitution for the planting of new towns, and the
organizing of new municipalities.
Encouraged by the Governor's concessions, and furnished
with every requisite document to establish their right and
title, beyond all doubt and controversy, to the absolute pro
prietorship of their lands, the four purchasers from Long
Island, with their Associates, took measures for a speedy and
effective occupation of the fair domain thus lawfully and
honorably acquired. It was, indeed, a fair domain, scarcely
to be equalled, and certainly not excelled, on the whole At
lantic coast of the new world. Its advantages were extolled
in glowing terms, by eye-witnesses of its virgin beauty. The
Dutch government, in 1661, spoke of it as follows :
It is under tho best clymate in the whole world; seed may bee
thrown into the ground, except six weekes, all the yere long; there are
• E. Town Book, B. 1. Ans. to E. T. Bill, p. 6. Grants and Concessions, p. 66T. Smith's
History of N. York, I. 85-6. Mulford'sJSew Jersey, p. 339.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 35
five sorts of grapes wch are very good and grow heere naturally, with
diverse other excellent fruits extraordinary good, and ye fruits trans
planted from Europe far surpasseth any there ; as apples, pears, peaches,
melons, &o. the land very fertile, produceth a great increase of wheat
and. all other grane whatsoever : heere groweth tobacoo very good, it
naturally abounds, with severall sorts of dyes, furrs of all sorts may bee
had of the natives very reasonable ; store of saltpeter ; marvelous plenty
in all kinds of food, excellent veneson, elkes very great and large ; all
kind of land and sea foule that are naturally in Europe are heere in great
plenty, with severall other sorte, y' Europe doth not enjoy; the sea and
rivers abounding with excellent fat and wholesome fish wch are heere in
great plenty ; the mountenouse part of the country stored with severall
sorts of mineralls ; great profit to bee derived from traffique with the
natives (who are naturally a mild people, very capable (and by the Grace
of God) to be drawne out of their blind ignorance to the saving light by
Jesus Christ. Heere may likewise bee great profitt made by fishing,
whereoy abundance of people may bee imployed with great and notable
advantages.* This description, though designed to cover the whole ter
ritory between the Hudson and Delaware rivers, was pecu
liarly applicable to the region bordering on Achter Kol, or
Newark Bay and its southern estuary. Daniel Denton, one
of the original " undertakers " of this settlement, is no less
enthusiastic in its praise. Writing in 1670, he describes it
as follows :
I may say, and say truly, that if there be any terrestrial happiness to
be had by people of all ranks, especially of an inferior rank, it must
certainly be here : here any one may furnish himself with Land, and live
rent-free, yea, with such a quantity of Land, that he may weary himself
with walking over his fields of Corn, and all sorts of Grain ; and let his
stock of Cattel amount to some hundreds, he needs not fear their want
of pasture in the Summer or Fodder in the Winter, the Woods affording
sufficient supply. For the Summer-season, where you have grass as high
as a mans knees, nay, as high as his waste, interlaced with Pea- vines and
other weeds that Cattel much delight in, as much as a man can press
through ; and these woods also every mile or half-mile are furnished with
fresh ponds, brooks or rivers, where all sorts of Cattel, during the heat
of the day, do quench their thirst and cool themselves ; these brooks and
rivers being invironed of each side with several sorts of trees and Grape
vines, the vines, Arbor-like, interchanging places and crossing these riv
ers, does shade and shelter them from the scorching beams of Sol's fiery
* N. York Col. Documents, III. SS-9.

36 THE HISTORY OF
influence. And how prodigal, If I may so say, hath Nature been to fur
nish the Countrey with all sorts of wilde Beasts and Fowle, which every
one hath an interest in, and may hunt at his pleasure : where besides the
pleasure in hunting, he may furnish his house with excellent fat Venison,
Turkeys, Geese, Heath Hens, Cranes, Swans, Ducks, Pidgeons, and the
like ; and wearied with that, he may go a Fishing, where the Eivers are
so furnished, that he may supply himself with Fish before he can leave
off the Recreation ; where besides the sweetness of the Air, the Countrey
itself sends forth such a fragrant smell, that it may be perceived at Sea
before they can make the Land ; where no evil fog or vapour doth no
sooner appear but a North-west or Westerly winde doth immediately
dissolve it, and drive it away. I must needs say, that if there be any
terrestrial Canaan, 'tis surely here, where the Land floweth with milk
and honey.*
Van Tienhoven, Secretary of New Netherland, writing in
1650, says,
The district inhabited by a nation called Raritangs, is situate on a
fresh water river, that flows through the centre of the low land which the
Indians cultivated. This vacant territory lies between two high moun
tains, far distant the one from the other. This is the handsomest and
pleasantest country that man can behold, it furnished the Indians with
abundance of maize, beans, pumpkins, and other fruits.t
The land covered by Gov. Nicolls' patent was of large
dimensions. It extended from the mouth of the Earitan on
the South, to the mouth of the Passaic on the North, a dis
tance, in a straight line, of not less than seventeen miles;
and running back into the country twice this distance, or
thirty-four miles ; embracing the towns of Woodbridge and
Piscataway, the whole of the present "Union County, part of
the towns of Newark and Clinton ; a small part of Morris
County, and a considerable portion of Somerset County-
containing about 500,000 acres, upland and meadow, in fair
proportions, well watered by the Earitan, the Passaic, the
Eahway, and Elizabeth Eivers, Thompson's [Morse's] Creek,
and Bound Brook ; diversified with level plains and ranges
of hills, of considerable elevation, ordinarily classified as
mountains ; the soil of the uplands mostly red shale and clay
* Denton's Description of N.York, Ed. of 1845, pp. 19, 20 21
t N. Y. Col. Documents, I. 866-7. N, Y. Doc. His., IV. £9. '

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 37
loam, and a large part of it susceptible of a high state of
cultivation. The precise date of the first occupation of this tract by the
new proprietors is not on record. No memorial of the event
has come down to the present day. It was, doubtless, an
humble beginning in the first instance, and not deemed of
sufficient moment to attract attention. The purchase was
made, October 28th, 1664, and the Governor's patent or
grant obtained, on the 1st of December following. It is
probable, that something like a formal entry was made, and
possession taken, between these two dates. From a receipt,
endorsed on the Deed from the Indians, it appears that the
final payment of '•' four hundred fathom of white wampom "
was acknowledged by the Grantors, November 24, 1665.
This became due only " after a years expiration from the
day of entery upon y° said lands." It is not probable,
that the time of payment was anticipated ; and hence it may
be concluded, that the settlement was actually commenced,
ground, at least, broken, and something of a habitation
attempted, as early as November 24, 1664.*
The purchasers, in their application to Gov. Nicolls, <
September 30, 1664, had craved his " answer with as much
expedition as may be ; because some of them, by reason of
not having any accommodations where they then resided,
were put upon thoughts of removing into some other of his
* Appended to the Indian Deed is the following receipt : Received of John Ogden in
part of the above specified fonre hundred feet of wampum I say Received oue hundred
fathom of wampum by mee the 18 of August 1665 The mark of Mattano
Witnesses, Samuel Edsall, James Bollen
Ehdorsed-on the Deed is the following : The 24 November 1665 paid to the Indians in
full payment of this obligation
In Wampum one hundred and ninty fathom - 190
In a fowling peice and Lead - 40
for 180 G-ilders that was behind for the payment of Luke > _
Watson's oxen that were killed by the Indians seaventy fathom of f
wampum 
the sum of three hundred fathom 800 I say in all
(Witnesses) • The mark of Mattano *
Henry Creyk Wareham
John Diekeson Sewah Herones
Jeremiah Osbone Manamawaouc
James Bollen Kawameeh.
E. J. Eecords, B. 181, 2, and 1. 1, 2; II. 12. Lutonewach

38 THE HISTORY OF
Majesty's dominions." The grant from Nicolls, also, was
obtained on the condition " that people be carried thither
with all convenient speed for the setting of plantations
thereon." All this renders it highly probable, that the
settlement was undertaken without loss of time. Possibly
the winter-season, then at hand, may not have been the most
propitious for active and energetic operations. But, cer
tainly, with the passing away of the frosts, in February or
March following, they would be on the move to clear the
ground of the '"goodly oaks" on either side of the Creek,
where they had determined to locate their town and lay out
their home lots, to prepare the soil for the summer and
autumnal crops, and to erect their humble dwellings.
The people of L. Island (says Gov. Nicolls, in 1665), are very poor
and labour onely to get bread and clothing, without hopes of ever seeing
a penny of monies.*
An exaggerated statement, doubtless, and to be taken
with considerable abatement ; and yet indicative of the gen
eral opinion in respect to the poverty of the soil of Long
Island, in comparison with the fertile tract west of Staten
Island ; rendering it quite unlikely, that the purchasers of
this tract would suffer many months to pass away, before be
ginning their settlement. Early in July, 1665, Gov. Nicolls
writes to the Duke, in respect to the " lands to the west of the
Hudsons Eiver," — " Upon this tract of land several new pur
chases are made from the Indians since my coming, and
three Townes beginning ; " f showing that at that time a town
had at least been begun here, indicative of a considerable
immigration; something more than three or four huts or
cabins, as a somewhat vague tradition represented, some
seventy years afterwards. No reliance, in the absence of
documentary evidence, can be placed on the statement, made
in 1747, that, as late as the first of August, 1665,
- _ No other Christian person whatsoever was settled upon any part of
the lands in question, than John Ogden and Luke AVatson aforesaid; and
certainly no more than four families settled (if so many) by virtue or on
pretence of the said Indian purchase, or grant from Gov. Nicolls, nor at
* N. Y. Col. Documents, III. 106. ' lb., III. 105.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 39
any other place within the bounds of the lands in question. To suppose
that none of the Associates, who were interested in the said purchase and
grant, and had contributed their proportions to the consideration-money,
should, during all that time, have settled on the said land, with the said
four grantees, is conceived to be a very unlikely and strange supposition.*
It was not an unoccupied land. A savage tribe had made
it their home, long years previously, and still dwelt in the
immediate neighborhood of the plot selected for a town.
The Minisink path, leading from the sea at Shrewsbury Inlet,
and crossing the Earitan Eiver two or three .miles above its
mouth, the principal track of the Indians in the northern and
eastern portion of New Jersey, leading to Minisink Island in
the Delaware Eiver, passed up the country just back of the
Eahway Eiver, directly through the new purchase, and
within four or five miles of this locality. The Dutch had
pursued a policy which served to irritate and exasperate
these natives of the forest. So late as October, 1655, Pen-
nekek, one of the Sachems in Achter Kol, brought in to
Pavonia [Paulus Hook] not less than 28 Dutch captives,
men and women, and delivered them to the agents of Stuy
vesant, informing them that more than 20 others remained
to be redeemed. It was not safe, and had not been to the
time of the conquest by the English in 1664, to venture far
into the interior. It would have been exceedingly hazardous
for three or four families to plant themselves on these out
skirts of civilization, as residents and occupants of the land,
unprotected, f
It was well said, more than a century since, 'that
As the country, at their first coming, was inhabited by no other than
the native Indians, who were then in great numbers ; the said purchasers
and associates agreed, at first,, to make small divisions of their lands,
according to the usage and custom then in New England ; to the end that
they might settle and plant near together ; so that, in case any attempt
was made by the Indians, they might mutually aid and assist each other
The circumstances of the inhabitants at that day, being so dangerous
and troublesome, that we, at this time, can have no adequate ideas
of the hardships of.J
* E. T. Bill in Chancery, pp. 28-66. Ans. to E. T. Bill, p. 29.
t Valontine's N. Y. Manual for 1863, pp. 55T, 8. J Ans. to E. T. Bill, p. 22.

40 THE HISTORY OF
On this account it was expressly provided that other " peo
ple be carried thither," besides the four purchasers, " to set
out a town, and inhabit together." The tradition, that but
four families were found in occupancy of the town, so late as
August, 1665, grew out of the fact, most probably, that but
four names are recorded as purchasers in Gov. Nicolls' Grant.
It seems to have been erroneously supposed, that these four
were the sole proprietors of the purchase; whereas the
Indian Deed expressly conveys the land, as also does Nicolls'
Grant, to the Associates of these grantees as well. The
whole transaction was a concerted enterprise ; thought of,
and talked over, and agreed upon, by a considerable number
of persons, like-minded, and of like origin, residents of the
same neighborhood on Long Island. Denton, one of the
projectors of the undertaking, writes, four or five years
afterwards, That the usual way, is for a Company of people to joyn together,
either enough to make a Town, or a lesser number ; these go with the
consent of the Governor, and view a Tract of Land, there being choice
enough, and finding a place convenient for a Town, they return to the
Governor, who upon their desire admits them into the Colony, and.gives
them a Grant or Patent for the said Land, for themselves and Associates.
These persons being thus qualified, settle the place, and take in what
inhabitants to themselves they shall see cause to admit of, till their Town
be full.*
This is, doubtless, just what occurred in this instance— a
number of persons combining and contributing to the acqui
sition, as is expressly stated in their behalf in a legal docu
ment of a later date :
True it is, that, on the first settlement of the said first purchases and
associates, it was agreed and understood, that the lands so purchased,
should be divided, in proportion to the money paid for the purchase, to
wit, into first-lot, second-lot, and third-lot rights, tlio second-lot to be
double, and the third lot treble what was divided to those called first
rights.t * Donton's Description of N, Y.. &o., Ed. of 1845, p. 17.
t Ans. to E. T. Bill, p. 22. The following attestations, given about 20 years after the set
tlement, fully establish these conjectures: "The testimony off Timothy Holstead, off
Hemstead, in Quoens County who doclareth y' y purchasers off Affter Knll (viz.) Daniell
Denton, John Baylies & Luke Watson did admit off my solff & my brother alsoe vpon y
•disbursement off ffour pounds a poeco tn bevor pay to bee Associates W j<- in y purcliass

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 41
That the movement was thus undertaken in concert by a
considerable number of persons, who were interested in it
from the beginning, and not several distinct, disconnected,
and individual undertakings, appears still more fully from a
letter, which has happily been preserved among the "Win-
throp Papers," written by the Kev. Thomas James, pastor of
the church of East Hampton, L. I. It is dated, Nov. 25,
1667, and is addressed to Gov. "Winthrop, at New London,
Ct, as follows :
I can say lesse then formerly, in respect of my vnsetlednesse : for I was
intended to haue remoued, with Beverall of my brethren who are gone, as
Mr. Bond and others, who are remoued beyond UT. Yorke ; Who were ex
ceeding desirous to haue me gone with them, and settled a plantation in
those parts ; and my resolution was once so to haue done, but God, who
hath the hearts and ways of all in his own hands, hath ordered it other
wise,. so that I am still here. When it came too, the people here by no
meanes could be perswaded to be willing to part with me vpon that ac-
in case wee liked which mony wee disbursed ffor indean trade which saydlndean goods went
to the purchass of ye sd land at Affter Kull at ye request off ye afforesd purchasers wee dis
liking y place vpon a view off it. And they ingaging wee should bee payd ffor our goods
& wee acknowledge yl wee have Eeceived satisffaction off Dan11 Denton afforesd one off
ye purchasers the whole sum payd by selff and brother was four pounds a peeco and two &
six pence. Sworn befforo vs, y* 17lh off Novemr 1685, Elias Doughty, Eiehard Cornwell, Jus
tices in Quorum."
"Samuel Denton off Hemstead doth alsoe testiffy y* yc above written purchasers did
agree alsoe wl him vpon ye disbursment off four pounds to bee an equal Associate wl them
in case hee liked which four pounds hee payd in bever for goods yl went to ye purchass off
ye sd land at Affter Kull att y6 desire off ye purchasers they promising to Repay mee. And
I acknowledge yl I have deceived satisffaction off Daniell Denton one off ye sd purchasers ffor
ye sd ffour pounds ;
" Ffor ye ffour pounds above mentioned Sam11 doth testiffy y* exactly to yc sum hee can
not so well remember. But is positive in this that hee payd equall wl ye purchasers Timothy
Holstead & Sam11 Denton on the other side mentioned doe ffurther testify that ye mony on
y other-side mentioned was payd to ye indeans ffor all such lands contained in ye purchass
made by yc purchasers on ye otherside mentioned, as well ffor Elizabethtown as y Rest
&. ffurther y* wee layd doun our mony for ye purchas at Daniel Dentous, commending off ye
place to vs as severajl others did vpon incouragement ffrom y° other purchasers. And never
Received a ffarthin bnt ffrom Daniel Denton. And y* Ambross Sutten%lso was one off our
Company. December y" 3d 1085. Attested before mee Richard Cornwell, Justice in
Quorum." " Josiah Settin off Oisterbay in Queens County testifleth that when Dan" Denton, John
Baylies & Luke Watson did purchase Affter Kull- so called off y indeans that I went w1
Dan11 Denton when hee carried ye goods to pay y purchass off y° land And yl Samuel
Denton & Timothy Holstead & Ambross Sutton was off y° Company & payd mony
towards y purchass & I payd my mony alsoe towards ye purchass to Luke Watson
wee being all off vs to have land iff wee likd ffor our mony y' wee disbursd. But never
received any satisffaction of Luke Watson nor any other off y purchasers ffor my sd mony
that I layd out ffer y s" purchass nor ever had any consideration in land or any other
way taken vpon oath y last day off March Annoq. Domini 1686. Before Mee John
Townsend, Sen' Justice off y peace," Alb. Records, XXXII. 118.

42 THE HISTORY OF
count, eo that I am here still, but by reason thereof, lesse hath beene done
then otherwise might haue been.* •
Jlr. Bond, and his neighbors from East •Hampton, were
here, (and probably had been for some time previous) as early
as February 166|-, nearly two years before the writing of this
letter. In the absence, then, of every thing like documentary evi
dence to the contrary, it is safe to conclude, that ground was
broken, for the settlement of the town, as early as in Novem
ber, 1664, and that, in the spring of the year 1665, a consid
erable number of the Associates, for whom the land had
been purchased, arrived, with their wives and children, and
took possession of their new homes in Achter Kol.
*4 Haas. His. Soo. Coll., VII. (385.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 43

CHAPTEK III.
A. D. 1665—1666.
Arrival of the ship Philip, with Gov. Carteret — Explanations — Lord John
Berkeley — Sir Geo. Carteret — Adherents of Royalty in the Civil War —
Their Services to the Crown — Rewarded with Offices and Land Grants —
Purchase of N. Jersey from the Duke of York — Letters of Hutchinson —
Capt. Carteret arrives at New York with laborers — Acquiesces in Nicolls'
Grant — Purchases rights in the new Town — Origin of its Name.
Scarcely has the new settlement got fairly under way, the
ground about the Creek been cleared, and the soil made ready
for the sowing of the winter grain, when tidings reach them
from New York of a serious change in their prospects. Word
is brought, that the Duke of York has sold the territory west
. of Hudson's Piver to two of the Lords of the Council, who
have sent over a Deputy to arrange the matter with Gov.
Nicolls, and take possession, in their name, of the newly-
created province. As a matter of course the coming of the
new Governor is awaited with no little anxiety.
Early in the month of August, 1665, the town is stirred by
the first exciting event in its history. The ship " Philip,"
having arrived at New York, July 29th, now makes her ap
pearance at the Point, or entrance of the Creek on which
the town is laid out. She brings Capt. Philip Carteret, a
sprightly youth of six and twenty, with a company of emi
grants from the old world. Among them, is a French gen
tleman, Bobert Yauquellin, — a surveyor by profession, — with
his wife. Capt. James Bollen, of New York, also, is of the
number. "With these come, also, eighteen men of menial
character, of the laboring class ; possibly a few others, fe

44 THE HISTORY OF
males, probably, of whom no special mention is made, — some
thirty in all.*
The settlers gather about the landing, to receive the new
comers, to learn who they are, and why their steps are di
rected hither. Capt. Carteret presently submits his creden
tials to Ogden and his townsmen. He comes accredited with
papers from Gov. Nicolls, and a Governor's commission from
Lord John Berkeley, Baron of Stratton, Somerset Co., Eng.,
and Sir George Carteret, Knight and Baronet, of Saltrum in
Devon (both of the Privy Council), to whom the Duke of
York had granted the Territory lying to the west of Hudson's
River, and east of the Delaware, to be known, henceforward,
as Nova Csesarea, or New Jersey. Mutual explanations fol
low. The Indian Deed is produced and well considered.
Gov. Nicolls' Grant is brought forward and explained.
The settlers appear to have had a fair understanding with
Carteret and his company, and to have procured a concession
of their rights and titles as proprietors of the territory de
scribed in their deed. Tradition tells us, — not a very relia
ble authority when not supported by collateral evidence as
it is in the present case, — that Carteret, being informed of
their right to the lands, " approved of the same, and readily
and willingly consented to become an Associate with them;.
and went up from the place of his landing, with thern,
carrying' a hoe on his shoulder, thereby intimating his inten
tion of becoming a planter with them ; " glad, no doubt, to
find so promising a beginning in the settlement of the unoc
cupied and unexplored territory over which he was to exer
cise authority.!
Lord Berkeley and Sir George Carteret were of the court
of Charles II., a monarch, of whom Bancroft truly says, that
his reign " was not less remarkable for the rapacity of the
courtiers, than for the debauchery of the monarch." $ In the
conflict with the Parliamentarians, they had both, being then
in the full vigor of their faculties, adhered to the fortunes of
their king, Charles I., and laid their royal master and his
* E. T. Bill, p. 28.
t Learning and Spicer, pp. 8-11, 26-7. Ans. to E. T. BUI, p. 20.
t Bancroft's U. Statos, II. 129.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 45
profligate sons, Charles and James, under no small obligations
to them.
Berkeley was the youngest son of Sir Maurice Berkeley.
He was born in 1607, joined the army in the operations
against the Scots in 1638, and was knighted (June 27) the
same year. In the Parliamentary war he served as Commis
sary General for the king, as Governor of Exeter, and Gen
eral of the royal forces in Devon. After the king's death he
went abroad with the royal family, and, in 1652, was made
Governor of the Duke of York's household. May 19, 1658,
he was created, by royal favor, Baron Berkeley, of Stratton ;
and, at the Pestoration in 1660, he was sworn of the Privy
Council.* Cakteeet was the eldest son of Helier Carteret, Deputy
Governor of the Isle of Jersey, a descendent of the Lords of
Carteret in the Duchy of Normandy, a family of great re
spectability, dating back to the time of "William, the Con
queror. Philip, eldest son of Helier Carteret, married Pachel
Paulet, and had six children : Philip, Helier, Amice, Gideon,
Rachel and Judith. He was knighted by Queen Elizabeth,
and lived to a great age. Sir Philip, the eldest son of Sir
Philip, married Ann Dowse, and had eleven children : Philip,
Peyton, Zouch, Gideon, Francis, Thomas, Edward, Marga
ret, Anne, Elizabeth, Dowse. Philip, the first-born, died in
1662. Elizabeth (for whom this town was named) married
her cousin, George Carteret. Her father, Philip, had (as
above) three brothers. Helier, the second son of the first Sir
Philip, married Elizabeth Dumaresque, and had two chil
dren, George and Philip. The latter was born in 1610, and
died in 1665.
George Carteret was born in 1599, married (as above) his.
cousin, Elizabeth, and had three sons and five daughters. His
sons were Philip, James and George. The latter died un
married in 1656. Philip, his eldest son, was knighted, June
4, 1670, and killed in a naval battle, May 28, 1672. George,
the father, entered the navy at an early age. In 1626, he
was appointed joint governor of Jersey, and, in 1640, comp-
* N, T. Colonial Doc, II. 599. Collins' Peerage, (Ed. of 1785,) III. 270-281.

46 THE HISTORY OF
troller of the royal navy. In 1642, the post of Vice Admiral
was offered him by Parliament, but declined in obedience to
his royal master. He was knighted May 9, 1646, having
rendered the king great service in the supply of ammunition.
¦Withdrawing to his home in Jersey, his house, which he
bravely defended as the last stronghold of the monarchy, be
came an asylum to the Prince of "Wales and others of
the party. He followed his sovereign to France in 1652, was
imprisoned, in the Bastile, at the instance of Cromwell, in
1657, and subsequently banished the kingdom. He repaired
to Charles at Brussels in 1659, and was one of his escort when
received by the city of London in 1660. He was appointed
Vice Chamberlain, and Treasurer of the Navy ; was sworn of
the Privy Council, and in 1661 elected to Parliament for
Portsmouth. As early as 1650, when the royal cause ap
peared quite hopeless, he is said to have obtained the grant
of an island in Virginia, and to have fitted out a ship with
all sorts of goods and tools, with many passengers, for the
settlement of a plantation in the new world. It is thought,
that the project was abandoned on account of the vigilance
of the Cromwellian party.*
The trials, through which the two Lords had passed during
the civil wars, in which circumstances had brought them
into great familiarity with the royal brothers, Charles and
James, gave them great influence at court, after the Res
toration. Lucrative offices were awarded them in and about
the royal household, and frequent opportunities given of pro
moting their purposes of wealth and aggrandizement. The
new world beyond the flood was attracting numerous adven
turers, and offering large inducements to colonists. The
gifted .Winthrop, on the occasion of his visit to England
in 1661-2, to procure a new Charter for Connecticut, had
been received with great consideration at court, and, by his
representations of what had already been accomplished in
New England, had unwittingly excited the greed of many of
the corrupt and wily parasites of the crown. Clarendon,
Albemarle, Ashley, Colleton, Carteret, Craven, and the two
* N. T. Colonial Doc, II. 410. Collins' Peerage (Ed. of 1735), IV. 821-8.

to

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 47
Berkeleys, Lord John and Sir "William, banded together, and
readily obtained, in 1663, from the pleasure-loving monarch,
a grant of the vast territory in America, extending from the
36th degree of north latitude, to the river Saint Matheo, and
from the Atlantic to. the Pacific, as proprietors and lords,
with almost absolute authority, and the right of assignment
or sale, — a most extraordinary grant of power ; and all this,
on the plea of " being excited with a laudable and pious zeal
for the propagation of the gospel" among a "barbarous peo
ple, who have no knowledge of God " — hypocrites that they
were ! " Avarice," says Bancroft, " is the vice of declining
years ; most of the proprietaries were past middle life. They
begged the country under pretence of a 'pious zeal for the
propagation of the gospef,' and their sole object was the in
crease of their own wealth and dignity." *
Not satisfied with their share in the lordship of such a vast
domain, Berkeley and Carteret were eager to secure for
themselves an investment in western lands still more prom
ising, if possible. The notorious Capt. Scott, who had
created so much disturbance on Long Island and the Main,
and of whom Gov. Nicolls wrote, that he " was borne to
work mischeife as farre as hee is credited or his parts serve
him," had sought of the crown a patent for Long Island ; but,
not succeeding in his design, and conceiving that he had been
wronged by the Duke of York, is reported to have induced
Berkeley and Carteret to secure New Jersey for themselves,
knowing, as Nicolls, also, declared, that it was the most valu
able portion of the Duke's territory, f
The two Lords readily caught the bait, and the Duke, "for
a competent sum of money," having, by his patent from the
king, the right of sale, as well as possession and rule, con
veyed, June 24, 1664, the territory, now known as New
Jersey, to Berkeley and Carteret, "in as full and ample
manner " as it had been conveyed to himself, — transferring
to these court favorites all his rights, titles, and authority to
and over the land in question.
* Bancroft's TJ. States, IL 130. t N. T. Colonial Doc, III. 105. Thompson's Lon»
Island, IL 320-3.

48 THE HISTORY OF
In the course of the summer, as has been seen, the Dutch
were dispossessed, and the country brought under the sway
of the English crown. As soon as tidings came, in the latter
part of October, that the conquest was complete, the two
Lords began their preparations for colonizing their new ar>
quisitions. Guided, probably, by the terms of "Winthrop's
Charter, and the Concessions subsequently drawn up for the
Carolinas, they prepared a Plan for the government of the
territory (that Carteret had honored with the name of his
island home), which was completed and signed, February 10,
ltj6f , and which they denominated, " The Concessions and
agreement of the Lords Proprietors of New-Csesarea, or New-
Jersey, to and with all and every of the adventurers, and all
such as shall settle or plant there ; *' a document, of which it
must be admitted, that, while much may be said against it
and properly, it, nevertheless, contained principles and con
veyed privileges far in advance of the age, and much more
accordant with democracy than with the imperialism of the
Stuarts.* Capt. Philip Carteret, a distant relative of Sir George, was
more than content to emigrate to the new world, and become
the Governor of the new territory for the Proprietors. His
commission and letters of instruction bear the same date as
the Concessions. Mr. Robert Vauquellin, Sieur des Prairie,
of the city of Caen, in France, receives the same day an ap--
pointment as Surveyor General ot the Province. The ship
Philip is, also, put in commission, and furnished with men
and supplies for the new colony.
Some allusions to the ship and the undertaking of the two
Carterets, that serve to shed light on the character and pur
poses of the enterprise, are found in the " "Winthrop Papers."
Samuel Hutchinson, Merchant of London, writes, February
14, 166|, " t0 Jolm Wintrop Esqr att New Lond0 In New
England : "
Sir— Having this opertunyty by way of New Yorke, in a ship of S.
George Oartrets bound for New Jersy how oarys Capt. Oartret the
* See Smith's N. Jersoy, pp. 512-52L Grants, Conocssions, &c, pp. 12-25.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 49
Governor. I know yor wonted costom to all sti'angers, not to let
them lacke any Asistance or Advice you oane give them, Yor expery-
ance in those parts being much, may doe him servis and yor selfe noe
predgedis. Butt as you will heare, thar will be a greater obligatyon
then ordinary, to the Honerab11 Sir Georg Oartrett and Capt Phillip Oar-
tret now Governor of New Jersy
Some particulars about the shipping of machinery for per
tain salt-works follow, and then he adds, — ¦
The ffrene3 of Sr Georg and the Capt. in the same is worth taking
notes of. If Capt. Cartrett mislickes after he corns into the contry I
will tacke them of at the same rate.
He writes again, February 20, —
Capt Cartret hath brought over sondry ffrench men that know the
making of salt in ffrance.* If yon goe yor self to New Jersy, I desier
you to view the plantatyons and if you pich upon a good track of Land
send me word how it leyes, for Sir George promasis me what in reson I
can desier thare, and advise the salt worke to be set up in that place if
convenyant, if you provide wht ocke pip staves I doe conseve thay may
be a comodety in New England sondry ships will com to Lode stave for
Canarys and other Uands.t
The Philip is detained (probably on account of the war
with the Dutch that rendered navigation hazardous), until
the last of April ; and then sets sail, just as ¦ " the Great
Plague " is beginning to gather up its more than threescore
thousand victims in London. The next we hear from the
ship is on her arrival in Virginia, whence Carteret writes to
Gov. "Winthrop as follows :
Newportes newes, Virginia, 13° Junii 1665. Honor" Sir — Findeing
the opportunity by this vessell bound for New Yorke, to send you some
letters which I brought out of England, I thought it convenient to send
them, to you knoweing the sooner they come to your hands the better. I
suppose that by them you will understand that Mr. Hutchinson hath sould
unto Sir George Carteret and myselfe fds of a salt worke and pofctash
worke which was formerly contrived by you. Also it is agreed by Mr.
Hutchinson and us that for the care you tooke then and the advice you
will please to lend us for the future, that you shall [have] the TV parte of
the proffitt, for I hope they are arrived ere this time being shipt aboard of
* " We take notice that you desire to have Erench men sent you that might be experienced
in making of Bait." Instructions of Mass. Bay Co. to Gov. Endicott. Young's Chroni
cles of Mass. Bay, p. 152. t SMasB. His. Soo. Coil., X. 49, 51.
4

50 THE HISTORY OF
a shipp that was to come to Pescadoe for masts for the King. This being
all at present hopeing (winde and weather permitting) to be at New
Yorke in 5 or six days hence, I am Sir, your humble servant Ph Carteret
Sir  If you please to doe me the favour to let mee heare from yon
direct your Letter to Cap" James Bullaigne in New Yorke.
This letter reached "Winthrop, July 4, and was answered,
July 18. In his reply, he says,
I knew nothing of any intention of Mr. Hutchinson to set up such
works [salt works] in these parts of the world. He mentions now New
Jarsy, which is a place I know not nor have ever heard where it is— it
would be good to consider the convenience of the place for that commo
dity and for the vending of it before expenses be laid out. (He adds,)
Salt is brought in by ships for ballast, &c. — from Turtugas.*
That last sentence, probably, put an end to the scheme for
erecting salt-works in the new plantation, and to the Gov
ernor's dream of large profits. Whether the ship that bore
the freight ever arrived at Piscataway, or not, is not known.
Carteret himself did not reach New York until July 29.f
Some few days, probably, are occupied in arranging with
Gov. Nicolls the question of jurisdiction ; the latter being
not at all pleased with the partition of the territory. Car
teret now learns, for the first time, that Nicolls, by virtue of
his unrepealed commission from the Duke of York, has given
land patents already for two extensive plantations, — one be
tween the Raritan and the Passaic Rivers, and the other
below Sandy Hook and the Raritan, afterwards Middletown
and Shrewsbury. Carteret seems not to have entered any
protest against these grants, nor to have objected to them at
all, but rather to have been gratified at the speedy prospect
of peopling his new colony. He determines to locate him
self with the Ogden company, and to make their plantation
the seat of his government.
At that time, the thought had not, apparently, entered his
mind, that the Indian purchase and Nicolls' Grant were of
* 8 Mass.' His. Soe. Coll.. X. 52-8.
t " Y< Li" of the 20'" of Jan. came to my hands the 2M of June ; 'twas sent from Capt,
Carteret then at Virginia, bnt is hero arrived the 29th of July." Gov Nicolls, in N. T.
Col, Doc, III. 103.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 51
no validity. It does not occur to him, that he can locate
himself where he pleases, and appropriate to himself and
the Lords whatever lands he chooses. He enters not into
conflict with the planters, but sets himself to acquire, by
purchase, an interest in their lands. Learning that Baily,
of Jamaica, is willing to part with his rights in the town, he
enters into a negotiation with him, soon after his arrival, and
buys him out. The deed given him by Baily bears date,
September 8, 1665. Its connection with subsequent events
makes it important to place much of it on record in these
pages. It is as follows :
Indenture between John Bayles of Jamaica in Yorkshire
upon Long Island of the one part and Philip Carteret, Esqr, Gov
ernor of the Province of New Jersey upon the main land of America of
the other part. For and in consideration of a valuable sum to him in hand
paid by the said Philip Carteret, the said Bayles hath sold to Philip Car
teret, all and every my Lott or Lotts part or parts of a certaine peice of
land scituate lying and being on the Maine Continent of America common
ly called or known by the Name of Arthur Cull or Emboyle, or what
other Name or Names soever It hath been or now is Called by which said
Parcell of Land he the said John Bayles with severall others did Lawfully
purchase from the Natives or Indians as by his said Bill of Sayle from the
Indians bearing date the 28th day of October 1664 will more at large
appear which was confirmed by The Eight Hon. Col. Eiehard Nicholl
Governor of His Eoyal Highness Territoryes in America his Grant bear
ing date the first day of December, 1664. To have and to hold, &c*
What Baily sold to Gov. Carteret was not one fourth part of
the patent, but simply his lot, or lots, part or parts, of the land,
his rights as one of the Associates, — a third lot right ; — sold,
February 10, 166£, by Carteret, to a new comer, William
Pyles, of Piscataway in New England ; " lying and being
on the South side of the Creek." So, also, in Nov. 1608, he
purchases the third lot right of Capt. Robert Sealey, de
ceased, for £i5. By these, and several other similar trans
actions on record, Carteret becomes a party to the Indian
purchase ; admits that the land is "lawfully purchased from
the natives ; " and confesses that the Grant by Gov. Nicolls
conveys- a valid title. The settlers, therefore, had every
* E. J. Book of Surveys A. 1, 2 II. 2, 1S2,

52 THE HISTORY OF
reason to be satisfied with their titles, confirmed, as they had
so fully been, by the two Governors, Nicolls and Carteret.
The name of the town had evidently not been determined
at the date of Baily's deed, or it would have been specified.
It is, therefore, quite probable, that, in this case, tradition re
ports truly, when it affirms, that the town toqk its name from
the Lady Elizabeth, the wife of Sir George Carteret. Of
.this lady, Samuel Pepys, one of her familiar friends, bears
this testimony, during the following year, Oct. 15, 1666:
"•She cries out of the vices of the Court, and how they are
going to set up plays already. She do much cry out upon
these things, and that which she believes will undo the whole
nation." It is well to know something of her, from whom is
derived the honored name of ELIZABETH-TOWN*
* E. T. Bill, p. 28. Per contra, see Ans. to E. T. Bill, p. 20.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 53

CHAPTER IV.
A. D. 1666.
The " Concessions " — New Immigrants — Loss of Town Book — Extracts from
it — Oath of Allegiance — By whom {aken — Names of the Associate Found
ers — Also of Carteret's Servants — Notices of Strickland and the six Peti
tioners — Bailey, Daniel and Nathaniel Denton, Benedict, Foster and Watson
— Also of the Patentees, Baker and Ogden.
The town has now entered upon its work of subduing the
wilderness, and planting the institutions of religion and civ
ilization. The people are, at least, reconciled to the change
in their government, believing that their rights will be as
carefully guarded by Berkeley and Carteret, as they would
have been by the Duke of York. " The Concessions," with
which they nowj for the first time, become acquainted, were
well fitted to attract a large immigration from the puritan
towns of New England, and the neighboring colony of New
York. . This instrument accorded the utmost freedom of con
science, consistent with the preservation of the public peace
and order, in matters pertaining to religion ; provided every
practicable safeguard for political freedom ; and offered the
most liberal terms to immigrants. It committed the work
of legislation and taxation to a Legislature, of which the
popular branch were to be chosen directly by the people;.
and thus early established, in this favored colony, the doc
trine, for which, a century later, the colonies so strenuously
and successfully contended, that representation is not to be
separated from taxation — that the people must have a voice
in determining the expenses of government.*
•Learning and Spicer, pp. 12-26. Smith's History of N. J., pp. 512-21. E. T. Bill, pp.
12-16. E. J. Records, III. 66-74.

54 THE HISTORY OF
Care was taken to give publicity to these Concessions.
The Associates, with whom Carteret had wisely identified
himself, found the document, doubtless, of considerable use,
in overcoming the hesitancy of some of their former friends
and neighbors to embark in the new enterprise. Some few
others, who had not, probably, thought previously of re
moving, but were somewhat unsettled, were thereby led
to take up their abode in this new "El Dorado," the
" Great West " of 1665. But the settlers of the first two
or three years were mainly of one class, and of the same
general origin — almost wholly New Englanders from Long
Island and Connecticut. Very few of the planters, for the
first five years, came over directly from the mother conn-
try. This will appear from an examination of the names
of these pioneers, recorded as early as February 166-|, and
to be found on subsequent pages.
Very soon after the commencement of their undertaking,
various meetings for consultation and agreement, in rela
tion to the division or allotment of the lands, and other
regulations for the orderly transaction of the business of
the town, were held, a record of which was made in a
book provided for the purpose, by one of their number,
appointed to this service, and known as the Town Clerk.
The character of this Town Book, and the nature of the
record, may be seen by reference to the Town Book of New
ark, published in 1864 by the N. Jersey Historical Society.
This book, so necessary for a proper understanding of the
early history of the town, was safely kept, and records con
tinued to be made in it, until the year 1718, when, during
the troubles of that period, the book disappeared, having
been purloined or deEiroyed, or both, and has not since been
forthcoming. The loss is irreparable. Extracts from this
book have been preserved, the particularity of which deep
ens the regret felt at the loss of so much invaluable material.
The earliest record, of which we have now any knowledge,
is the following1 :
At a Meeting Court held at Elizabeth Town in the Province of New
Jersey, the 10th of February 166f, by the Freeholders and Inhabitants

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 55
thereof, James Bollen, Esq., President, by the approbation of the Gov
ernor Philip Carteret, Esq. ; it was concluded and agreed, that the afore
said town shall consist of fourscore families for the present, and that if
hereafter more shall present, they may make an addition of twenty more,
according to their discretion for the good and benefit of the town [as to
them] shall seem fit.
A true copy from Elizabeth Town Book of Eecords, No. A, fol. 14, per
Samuel Whitehead, Town Clerk.*
Another record of the same date has, in like manner, been
rescued from oblivion :
It is further ordered and agreed, by the consent as aforesaid, that all
persons that have taken, or shall take lots, shall come and settle and in
habit the same, by the fifteenth day of April next ; otherwise that the said
lots shall be disposed of to any other persons that will come and settle
thereon : and that every person that shall take up a home-lot, shall be
obliged to continue upon the same, or in the town, for the space of three
years, either by himself in person, or by his servants, or some other per
son that he shall bring into the town, that shall be approved of; and not
to imploy any for that purpose, that are already belonging to the town ;
aad that he shall not make any sale of the said lot, for any time during
the space of three years to come ; but first shall make proffer to the in
habitants thereof, October 28th, 1667 ; and it's further ordered That who
soever shall break this order, shall pay four pounds a month, and propor-
tionably during the time of their so Entertainments
A similar regulation was adopted by the Newark people,
in the year following.^: Some division of the town plot into
lots convenient for the settlers must have been made on their
first coming. At this same meeting, or possibly at an earlier
date, #It was agreed, That' small parcels of land shoi3ld be laid out to every
inhabitant who came, in part of what he was intitled to. To wit, To
every inhabitant in the Town Plat of Elizabeth Town, a home lot con
taining about four acres, and a pittle or addition to it containing about
two acres.§
Every settler, whatever proportion he may have con
tributed to the general expense, was put upon the same foot
ing as regarded his homestead, the only difference being in
* E. Town Bill, p. 32. Ans. to do., p. 28. t Newark Town Records, p. 6.
t E. Town Bill, p. 82. Ans. to E. T. B., § E. Town Bill, p. 33.
p. 24.

56 THE HISTORY OF
the choice of a location ; and this, probably, was determined,
as at Newark, by lot.
They agreed amongst themselves to go over and fix the Lotts, which
was before by the whole Committee agreed upon to be Six acres ; and
after the Letts prepared, and how they should begin and Succeed, the
matter was solemnly submitted to the Lord for his Guidance.*
The lots were laid out on both sides of the Creek, begin
ning with the first upland above the salt meadows, and ex
tending up the Creek some two miles. The ordinary dimen
sions of these lots were 4 chains in breadth, and 10 chains in
length ; making a front, on the street, of 264 feet, and ex
tending back 660 feet. In some cases, owing to the irregular
course of the River and highways, the shape of the lots, which
was ordinarily a parallelogram, varied from the regular form
and size ; but, as well as might be, equal privileges were se
cured. Owing to the indefiniteness of the surveys as recorded,
and for want of every thing like a map or diagram of the
.town platt, it is quite impossible to determine the locality of
each settler.
At the town meeting just mentioned, the male inhabitants
of the town were required to take the oath of allegiance, of
which and the names subscribed, a record has been pre
served as follows :
The Oath of A Leagance and Fidelity taken by the Inhabitants of Eliza
beth Town and the Jurisdiction thereof beginning the 19th February
1665. You doe sware upon the Holy Evangelist contained in this book to bare
true faith and Alegiance to our Soveraing Lord King Charles the Second
and his Successors and to be true and faithfull to the Lords propryetors
their Successors and the Government of this Province of New Jarsey as
long as you shall Continue an Inhabitant under the same without any
Equivocation or Mentall Eeservation whatsoever and so help you God.
Mr John Ogden sen' Thomas Leonards Joakim Andris
Capt Thomas Young Jonas Wood John Waynes Waynes
Michaell Simpkin Jacob Clais Jacob Moullains
Abraham Shotwell Bodrirk Powell William Johnson
Thomas Skillman Luke Watson John Gray
John Woodrofe Stephen Crane Nicolas Carter
* Nowark Town Eccords.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY.

57

Thomas Pope
William Cramer
Barnabas Wines
Thomas Tomson
Nathaniel Tuttle
Eobert Mosse
Peter Mosse
William Trotter
Euan Salsbury
George Packo
Thomas More
Samuel Marsh
Moses Peterson
John Haynes
Caleb Carwithy
William Oliuer

Humphry Spinage
Joseph phrasie
Zackery Graues
Peter Wooluerson
Charles Tucker
Benjamin Homan
Jeffry Joanes
Christopher Young
Jerremy Osbourne
John Dickenson
Dennis denis White
John Ogden Jun'
Dauid Ogdden
Eobert Vauquellin
Benjamin Price
Ben. Ooncklin

Eobert Bond
Joseph Bond
Moses Tomson
Joseph Osburne
John Brackett sen'
William Meacker
Isaack Whitehead
Nathaniel Bunnell
Mathias Heathfield
Jonathan Ogden
Leonard Headley
John Parker
Daniel Harris
Eiehard Paynter
Francis Barber *

The whole number is sixty-five. Capt. John Baker's name
is wanting, on account of his absence in the service of Gov.
Nicolls, at Albany. Some names are found in this list, not
included in the list of Associates. They were the names,
probably, of temporary residents, employed as laborers or
helpers. Baily and Denton had sold out ; the former to
Carteret, and the latter to Ogden.
The most reliable statement of the names of the original
Associates is found in Elizabeth Town Book, B, some fifty
years after the settlement of the town, and is thus expressed :
Eiehard Nicolls, by virtue of the Power and Authority vested in him
by  James (then) Duke of York &c Did thereby Grant Bargain
Sell and Confirm unto Cap' John Baker (then) of New York, John Ogden
(then) of North-Hampton, and  John Baily and Luke Watson, and
their Associates the Premises afores'1 — In ffee-simple, which same Associates
(together with them the sd Baker, Ogden, Baily, and Watson (equally
seised each to a Third Lot-Eight in the pmisses) were, the said John
Baker, John Ogden, Jn° Baily, and Luke Watson, and with them Thomas
Young, Benjamin Price, John Woodruff, Philip Carteret, Two Third
lotts, Eobert Bond, Sealy Ohampain (Transfer'd to Benjamin Parkhurst,)
William Meeker, Thomas Thompson, Samuel Marsh, Town Lott for the
Minister, Will™ Piles, Peter Couenhoven, John Brocket (Transfer'd to
Sam" Hopkins) James Bollen, Jacob Melyen, Nicholas Carter, and
Jeremiah Peck, .Ind, To each a Second Lot-Eight in the same
Premisses, Isaac Whitehead, Joseph Meeker, Humphry Spinning, Jeoffry
* E. J. Records, III. other end, 7.

58 THE HISTORY OF
Jones, George Eoss, Joseph Bond, Matthias Hetfield, Barnabas Winds,
Eobert White, Peter Moras, John Winans, Joseph Sayre, Eiehard Beach,
Moses Thompson, John Gray, William Johnson, John Brocket Ju', Simon
Eouse, William Trotter, John Ogden Jun', Jonas Wood, Eobert Morss,
M' Leprary, Caleb Carwithe, William Pardon, and Stephen Osborne. 
.Ind to each a first lot Eight in the same Premises, Jonathan Ogden,
Abraham Shotwell, David Ogden, Nathanael Tuttell, Benjamin Price Ju',
Eoger Lambert, Abraham Lawrence, John Hindes, Thomas Moor, Joseph
ffrazey, Yokam Andross, Denis White, Nathanael Norton, (since Trans
fer'd to Henry Norris,) Great John Willson, Har Thompson, Benjamin
Oman, Evan Salsburry, Little John Willson, Stephen Crane, Henry Lyon,
John Parker, John Ogden for John Dickinson, Leonard Headley,
Nathanael Bonnel, George Morris, Joseph Osborn, Pardey, (Transfer'd to
Henry Norris,) George Pack, John Pope, ffrancis Barber, William Oliver,
Eiehard Painter, and Charles Tooker.*
The number is eighty ; of whom twenty one had third lot-
rights, twenty six had second lot-rights, and thirty three had
first lot-rights. Carteret had, in addition to his own third
lot-right, the third lot-right of Baily, of whom he had pur
chased it. Twenty six had been admitted subsequently to
the taking of the oath of allegiance in February, 166|-: of
whom some were sons of the first settlers.
Carteret brought over with him, in the ship Philip, eighteen
male servants, belonging to Sir George and himself, a portion
of whom were Frenchmen, probably from the Island of
Jersey : —
John Dejardin Wm Hill Claude Barbour
Doct' Eowland Henry Hill Chas Seggin
Claude Vallot Erasmus House Dan Perrin
Eichd Pewtinger John Tayler John Mittins
Eiehard Michell John Clarck Eobert Wallis
Eiehard Skinner Wm  John alias Peter
besides severall others the same time imported, and many others since, f
In the first importation must have been included some
female servants, — Hariah Thorell, Susannah Poulain, and
Ellen Prou (all French) being of the number. Of the male
servants, two were subsequently admitted as Associates:
Claude Vallot and William Hill. Richard Michell had land
given him by the Governor, but was not admitted as an
* E. Town Book, B, pp. 2-8. t E. J. Records, III. o. e. 80.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 59
Associate. Carteret's immigrants were a distinct class, in an
inferior station, with whom the original planters had but little
congeniality and familiarity.
Whence came these Associates, and what were they ? It
is not to be supposed, that men of such plain habits, and of
such humble stations, so unpretending, and so unknown to
fame, should have left, on the historic page, any thing like
full and distinct memorials of their origin and migrations.
Their records have mostly perished. Of many of them almost
nothing of their previous history can be learned. Of none of
them can any thing very remarkable be related.
" Far from the madding crowd's ignoble strife,
Their sober wishes never learned to stray ;
Along the cool sequestered vale of life
They kept the noiseless tenor of their way."
It is proper to inquire, first, into the antecedents of the men
who were prominent in procuring, from Gov. Nicolls and the
Indians, permission to found the settlement.
John Strickland's name occupies the first place among
those who sought here a home. He was, as already seen, a
resident of Huntington, L. I. His application was in Behalf
of " a Company of the inglish nasion." He was simply
their agent. The names of the " Company " have not been
preserved. Strickland was an Englishman. He came over,
in 1630, with Winthrop's company, and was admitted a
freeman, in the Bay Colony, May, 1631. He was a member
of the church of Watertown, Mass., from which he, Jonas
Wood, and others, were* dismissed, May 29, 1635, to form a
new church on the borders of the Connecticut river. Soon
after he removed to Wethersfield, Ct. His son, Thwait,
settled there ; but the father, after a short sojourn, removed
to Uncowah [Fairfield], Ct. Subsequently he took part in a
bloody fight, at Greenwich, between the Dutch and Indians
at a spot, since known as " Strickland's Plain." In 1644, he
sold his estate at Uncowah to William Frost, and united with
the Rev. Robert Fordham, John Ogden, John Karman, John
Lawrence, and Jonas Wood, in settling on " the Great Plains

60 THE HISTORY OF
on Long Island," to which they gave the name of Heemstede.
In the patent, obtained, Nov. 16, 1644, he is called, ''Stick-
Ian." In 1661, it appears, that he resided at Huntington,
whence he sought to remove to this place. He was induced,
however, to settle at Jamaica, L. L, and, in 1663, was one of
the freeholders of that town. Yet he was a patentee of
Huntington, in 1666, and still later a resident of Hempstead.
The names of at least four of his associates at Fairfield and
Hempstead are found among the E. Town Associates. It is
quite likely that they were interested in the petition of 1661.
The petitioners of 1664 were all of them his neighbors at
Jamaica, as some of them had been at Watertown, Wethers-
field, Fairfield, and Hempstead.*
John Bailies [Baylie, Baily], the first signer of the peti
tion of 1664, was, probably, the same who resided at Guil
ford, Ct., in 1642. A John Baily was admitted a freeman
of Ct., May 21, 1657, and was chosen constable at Hartford
March 16, 165$. This may have been his son. Previous to
1662, he had removed to Jamaica, L. I., where he was fami
liarly called " Goodman Baylie," and was licensed to keep an
Ordinary for the town. He was one of the four patentees of
this town, but, probably, did not become a resident, as he dis
posed of his interest here, Sep. 8, 1665, to Gov. Carteret,
for " a valuable sum." He was still living at Jamaica, in
1683.t Daniel Denton, the next in order of the petitioners of
1664, and his brother Nathaniel, the fourth in order, were
sons of the Rev. Richard Denton, " a Yorkshire man," first
settled at Halifax in England, who came to Watertown, Mass.,
in 1634, then to Wethersfield, Ct., in 1635, whence he re
moved to Stamford, in 1641, and thence to Hempstead, L. I.,
in 1644, having been the first minister of each of the last
three towns. He returned to England, in 1658, and died, in
1662, at Essex. His two sons, Daniel and Nathaniel, were
among the first patentees of Jamaica, L. I., in 1656. Daniel
* Trumbull's Conneeticnt, 1. 163,4, Brodhead's N. York, 1. 891, note. Ct. Col, Eocords,
I. 2, 465-6. Thompson's L. Isld., II. 4-6. Macdonald's Jamaica, p. 8S.
t lb, p. 83. Ct. Col, Keoords, I. 29T, 826. Thompson's L. I., I. 46S. N. T. Doc. History, II. 521 .

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 61
was the first Clerk of the town, taught school, practised medi
cine, and served as Justice of the Peace. He wrote "A Brief
Description of New York," which was published at London,
in 1670, and was the first printed work on the subject in the
English language. In 1673, he was a resident of Piscataway,
and a magistrate. Nathaniel continued at Jamaica, and was
living in 1683. The two brothers sold their rights in the E.
Town purchase, in 1665, to Capt. John Baker and John Og
den. Another brother, Samuel, as appears from the depo
sitions on a previous page, was also interested in the pur
chase.* Thomas Benedict [Benydick], the third of the petitioners
of 1664, was a native of Nottingham, Eng., where he was
born, in the year 1617. He was bred a weaver, and mi
grated to New England, in 1638, with his step-sister, Mary
Bridgum, whom, shortly after, he married. She was the
mother of the numerous American family of Benedicts. Not
long afterwards, they removed to Southold, L. I., where their
five sons and four daughters were born. In June, 1656, they
were residents of Huntington, L. I., and were neighbors of
the Stricklands. In 1662, " Goodman Benedick " was one
of the leading men of Jamaica. With Daniel Denton, his
townsman, he represented Jamaica in the'Hempstead Con
vention, March 1, 166-f-. The same year, instead of carrying
out his original design of removing with his neighbors to
Achter Kol, he became a resident of Norwalk, Ct., which
henceforth became the home of the family.-}-
John Fostee, the fifth of the petitioners of 1664, was a
resident of Jamaica. His father, Thomas, was of the Hemp
stead company, whither he came from Fairfield, Ct., as early
as 1644. The family were dwelling at Jamaica in 1663.
Foster was still a citizen of Jamaica in 1688. His interest
in the new purchase was disposed of to another, but to
whom, and for what cause, does not appeai'4
* Mncdonald'e Jamaica, p. 46. N. Y. Col. Docmts., II. 587. Chapin's Glastenbury, p. 31.
Mather's Magnalia, B. III. c. 9. vol. I. 860. N. Y. Doc. His. II. 521.
t Hall's Norwalk, pp. 309-11.
t Macdonald'8 Jamaica, pp. 38, 88, 41, 42, 242. Ct. Col. Records, I. 405. E. J. Records,
II. 17,95, and 10, o. e.

62 THE HISTORY OF
Luke Watson, the last-named of the petitioners of 1664,
was the only one of them all that retained an interest in the
Jersey enterprise, and became one of the founders of this
town. His father married Elizabeth, the daughter of Wil
liam Frost, of Fairfield, Ct., and had died before 1645. His
widow was then married to John Gray, and with her hus
band, and son, Luke Watson, removed first to Newtown, and
then to Jamaica, L. I., whence they came hither. Watson
was a man of some consideration at Jamaica, being one of
the " four men " chosen, August 6, 1659, " to be presented for
magistrates to ye Governor." He was among the first emi
grants to this place. He was located next north of Capt
Baker. He had an' allotment of 170 acres of upland on the
W. side of Rah way river, and N. of its W. branch ; also, 130
acres of upland on the E. N. E. of Rahway river, and W.
of William Johnson and Jeffry Jones ; also, 100 acres on the
S. side of the Creek ; also, 24 acres of meadow on Rahway
river, and 6 acres elsewhere. His wife's name was Sarah.
He sold, July 22, 1673, to " William Case of Road Island,"
for " 2000 Pounds of good and Merchantable Sheep Wool,"
all his " Neck of Upland and Meadow laying and being on
the East End of Elizabeth Towne River- and known by the
Name of Luke Watson's point within the bounds of Elizabeth
Towne," computed to be 100 acres. He obtained, Jan. 21,
1675, a warrant for the survey of 400 acres. The next year,
he removed to the Hoar-kill settlement [Lewes] in Delaware,
renting his house and lot to Benjamin Wade, to whom he sold
them, March 16, 167$, for £24. The remainder of his in
terest here, he sold, in 1678, to William Broadwell and Joseph
Frazey. He was an active and useful citizen while here, and
in 1683, 1687, 1689, and 1690, he was a member of the Gen
eral Assembly of Pennsylvania, of which his son Luke, Jr.,
was a member in 1697.*
Such were the original petitioners — all of them originally
from New England, and in full sympathy with the prevailing
sentiments of that region. Two of them only — Bailey and
* Ct. Col. Records, I. 460. Macdonald's Jamaica, pp. 32, 37, 46. Proud's Pa., I. 286, SS5,
340 852, 417.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 63
Watson — became Patentees ; and, of these, only one a set
tler, and he but for ten or eleven years. The other Patentees
were Capt. John Baker and John Ogden.
Captain John Baker heads the list. He had been, for
some time, a resident of New Amsterdam, though an English-'
man by birth, and had acquired a familiarity with the Dutch
language, that made him, on several occasions, useful as an
interpreter in dealing with the Indians. It is probable, as
previously intimated, that he was thus employed, by Denton
and his Associates, in the Staten Island negotiations for this
town, and so became interested in the enterprise. The earli
est definite information of him is found in the Records
[Dutch] of a Court, held at the City Hall, N. Orange [N.
York], Nov. 14, 1673, in an action against Captain John
Backer : —
Jan Smedes and Jan Myndersen, Carters declare that about nine years
ago shortly after the surrender of this place [1664], they rode 300 p's of
firewood out of the bush for Claes Dietlofsen, and afterwards brought the
same firewood to Capt. Backer's house within this city, and the bill for
carting has not yet been paid them by said Backer as they are prepared
to declare on oath. Capt. Backer resided in Broadway in the house now
occupied by Willem Van der Scheure [Schuyren].
As Capt. Baker belonged, in 1673, to another jurisdiction,
Claes, probably, gained nothing by the suit. The house that
he occupied in Broadway, was on the East side, a short dis
tance below Wall st. After the conquest of the city, Gov.
Nicolls appointed him, Sep. 25, 1665, Chief Military Officer
at Albany. On this account, his name is not included among
those who took the oath of allegiance here in February fol
lowing. In August,- 1669, he was subjected to a court mar
tial, at Fort James, N. York, for an assault on William
Paterson, a merchant of Albany, and judgment was rendered
against him, Oct. 6, 1669. He continued in command at
Albany, until May 14, 1670, from which time he became per
manently a resident of this town. His house-lot was of the
ordinary size, bounded S., E., and W., by highways, and
N, by Luke Watson. Afterwards, it came into the posses
sion of Matthias Hatfield, Esq., the grandson of the planter

64 THE HISTORY OF
of that name. He obtained, Mar. 14, 1675, a warrant for
the survey of 1200 acres, for " himself and his Wife, and
eight other Persons " of his family. He was appointed Coro
ner, March 28, 1683, and Judge of Small Causes. He was a
leading man in the community, and ever among the foremost
in resisting the Proprietary assumptions, of which such fre
quent mention is made in the subsequent part of this history.
He died in 1702*
John Ogden, the other Patentee who became a permanent
resident, was one of the most influential founders of the town.
He was at Stamford, Ct., in 1641, within a year after its set
tlement. He had previously married Jane, who, as tradition
reports, was a sister of Robert Bond. In May, 1642, he
and his brother, Richard, both of them, at the time, of Stam
ford, entered into a contract with Gov. Wm. Kieft, Gisbert
op Dyck, and Thomas Willet, of New Amsterdam, Church
wardens, to build a stone church in the fort, 72 by 50 feet,
for the sum of 2500 guilders ($1000), to be paid in beaver,
cash, or merchandise; one hundred guilders to be add d if
the work proved satisfactory ; and the use of the company's
boat to be given the builders, for carrying stone, a month, or
six weeks if necessary. The work was duly and satisfacto
rily completed, f
It was, probably, in this way that the two brothers became
acquainted with the West end of Long Island. Early in 1644,
in company with the Rev. Robert Fordham, Rev. Richard
Denton and a few others, they removed from Stamford and
settled Hempstead, L. I., of which John Ogden was one of
the Patentees. At the expiration of five or six years, not
liking the control of the Dutch, with whom he had consid
erable dealings at New Amsterdam, and disgusted with the
cruelties practised upon the natives, of whom scores, soon
after his settlement at Hempstead, had there, by order of the
government, been put to death, he removed to the East end
•Munsell's Albany, VII. 98, 101, 257, 9, 263. Alb. Eooords, XXII. 7S-94. N. Y. Col.
Doemts., III. 117, 9, 148, 8. E. J. Records, I. 76; II. 18 ; B. 289; C. 18, 19; L S ; O. 88.
E. T. Book, B. 163. E. T. Bill, p. 110.
tHlnman's First Puritan Settlers of Ct., I. 232. Alb. Col. Records, II. IS, 169; IV. 240.
O'Callaghan's Now NetlK-rlnnd, I. 102. Thompson's L. Isld., II. 4, 5. The name appears, at
times, as "Odgden," " Oohden."

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 65
of the Island, to dwell among his own countrymen. In 1647,
he had obtained permission, of the town of Southampton, to
plant a colony of six families, at "North Sea," a tract of land
bordering on the Great Peconic Bay, opposite Robbin Island,
and about three miles north of the village of Southampton.
Some two or three years elapsed before his removal, and the
planting of the settlement at the North Sea, called, in the
Colonial Records of Connecticut and New Haven, as well
as in Nicolls' Grant, " Northampton."
He was made a freeman of Southampton, March 31, 1650,
and was chosen by the General Court, at Hartford, Ct, May
16, 1656, and again in 1657 and 1658, one of the magistrates
for the colony. He sat in the General Court, as a Represent
ative from Southampton, in May, 1659 ; and in the upper
house, May, 1661, and afterwards. His name appears re
peatedly in the new Charter of Connecticut (obtained, Ap.
23, 1662, by Gov. Winthrop, from Charles IL), as one of the
magistrates and patentees of the colony ; also, quite fre
quently, in the Records, both of Connecticut and New Ha
ven. He was held in high honor at home, being one of their
first men.
During his residence at Northampton, Ogden, by frequent
visits as a trader to New Amsterdam, had kept up his ac
quaintance with his old friends and neighbors on the West
End of the Island. When, therefore, after the conquest, it
was proposed to him to commence a fourth settlement, in the
new and inviting region of Achter Kol, under English rule,
he readily entered into the measure, and, in company with
his old friend, Capt. Baker, purchased the interests of the
Dentons and Goodman Benedict, and thus became, being a
man of substance and distinction, the leading man of the new
colony. He was among the very first, with his five full-
grown boys, John, Jonathan, David, Joseph and Benjamin,
to remove to the new purchase and erect a dwelling on the
town-plot. He located.his house, it is thought, on the Point
road, now Elizabeth Avenue, near where Robert Ogden, his
great-grandson, and Col. Barber, afterwards lived. The
bounds of his home-lot are not recorded.
5

66 THE HISTORY OF
He was appointed, Oct. 26, 1665, a Justice of the Peace,
and, Nov. 1, one of the Governor's Council. In the Legisla
ture of 1668, he was one of the Burgesses, from this town.
To carry forward his improvements, or to me"et previous ob
ligations, he borrowed, Oct. 9, 1668, of Cornelius Steenwick
(the Mayor of the City of New York, a wealthy merchant),
£191. 5. 0, " one fourth part thereof to be paid in good Wheat
at 4|6 p' Bushell one fourth part in good drie Ox hides at 6
stivers pr pound dutch weight One fourth part in good mer
chantable Tobacco at 4 stivers pr pound like weight and one
fourth part in Good Corn fed fat Pork well packt in casks and
delivered at New Yorke at Three Pounds ten Shillings pr
Barrell." As security, he mortgaged, Ap. 29, 1669, "a Cer
tain Water Mill now in my Tenure or Occupation," as the
mortgage expresses it, " near unto the Mansion or Dwelling
House of Gov. Carterett in Elizabeth Towne."
This mill was located immediately west of the Broad-st.
Stone bridge, and, with the dam across the Creek just above,
was, doubtless, constructed by Mr. Ogden ; whence the Creek
was frequently called, " Mill Creek," or " Mill River." The
Governor's house was located east of the bridge, and north of
the Creek, on the ground, latterly occupied by the Thomas
house. Three of his sons, John, Jonathau, and David, took the
oath of allegiance, Feb. 166f, and were numbered among the
original Associates. The house-lot of John, Jr., contained
four acres, and was 12 by 4 chains in length and breadth ;
bounded, S. E., by John Woodruff, and Leonard Headley;
N. E., by a highway ; N. W., by Mrs. Hopkins, Senr ; and,
S. W., by theXDreek ; a highway between liim and Mrs. Hop
kins. He had, also, twelve acres of •' upland Lying upon the
way that goes to the Governor's point; " also, sixty acres of
" upland Lying in the plaines " between Henry Norris and
Leonard Headley ; also, nine acres of " meadow Lying at the
East end of y" great Island." Jonathan had a house-lot of
six acres, 15 by 4 chains ; bounded, S. E., by liis younger
brother, Joseph ; and, on the other sides, by highways. He
had twenty two acres of upland in a triangle, bounded by the

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 67
Governor and Benjamin Parkis ; also eighty four acres of up
land " Lying in a plaine," bounded by Benjamin Parkis,
Leonard Headley, Isaac Whitehead, Jr., and the Mill brook ;
also, fourteen acres of meadow in two plots, on the Creek,
and on the Great Island. David's house-lot contained five
acres, and was bounded, E., by the Mill Creek ; N., by Jef-
fry Jones ; and, W. and S., by highways. He had, in addi
tion, sixty acres of upland, bounded by Joseph Frazee, Wil
liam Letts, Samuel Marsh, Jr., and Capt. Baker ; also eight
acres of meadow on Thompson's Creek.*
* Alb. Records, II. 169 ; IV. 240. Hoadly's New Haven Records, 1. 178 ; II. 89, 191, 3, 298,
893. Trumbull's Ct. Records, I. 280, 1, 2, 295, 7, 314, 6 ; II 3-11. Doc. Hist, of N. Y., I. 684.
E. T. Bill, pp. 80, 106, 8, 110. E. J. Records, I. 8 ; o. e. 2; II. 19, 22, o. e., 21, 4, 5, 36, 42, 91, S,
7 ; III. 3, 4 ; L. 18, 21. Hinmao, I. 2S9, 729. Howell's Southampton, pp. 26, T, 90.

68 THE HISTORY OF

CHAPTER V.
A. D., 1666.
The eighty Associates, their Origin, their Location — Of Puritan Principles
— No Congeniality with Carteret and his Company.
Such, as just narrated, were the original Petitioners and
Patentees. Who were the other Founders of the town?
What was their origin — what were their principles, and
where did they locate ? In answering these inquiries, those,
who took the oath of allegiance, including all who were on
the ground during the first year of the settlement, will be
considered, in alphabetical order.
Joakim Andeis [Yokam Andeoss, Andrews] was, proba
bly, from New Haven, Ct., and a son of Wm. Andrews,
'who came, to New Haven, previous to 1643, with a family
of eight persons. His house-lot contained 4 acres, and was
bounded, N. and E., by a highway ; S., by Matthias Hat
field ; and, W., by Dennis White. He had died, in 1675,
and his widow, Amy, sold, June 22, 1675, to Thomas Moore,
" the house Orchard Garden Home Lott Pasture for Calves,"
and all that might be claimed by the Concessions — a first
lot-right — except 20 acres sold by her husband to Peter
Moss, " and one peare tree and some Gousberry bushes,"
reserved for her own use.*
Francis Baebek has left no memorial of his origin. He
sold, Mar. 20, 167^-, to Vincent Ronyon, carpenter, a house-
lot (bought of Wm. Pyles, who had bought it of Thomas
Moore), 40 rods by 16 ; bounded, N, by George Pack ; and
fronting on the highway. He was still here in the following
* Barber's His. Coll. of Ct., p. 160. E. J. Records, I. 46, 7. E. T. Bill, p. 108.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 69
year, but must have removed, soon after, to Staten Island,
where, on the W. side of the Island, on Smoking Point, Dec.
21, 1680, 88 acres of woodland and meadow were surveyed
for him ; and where, in 1686, he served as Commissioner of
Excise. The Barber family, of a later date, had another
origin and a more illustrious record.*
Robert Blackwell was one of the early settlers of this
town, though his name is not found in any town docu
ment now extant. In a deed, on record in New York,
Robert Blackwell is spoken of as " late of Elizabeth-town
in New Jersey, merchant." He married, Ap. 26, 1676,
Mary Manningham, stepdaughter of Capt. John Manning
(by whom the city was surrendered, in 1673, to the Dutch) ;
and so became the owner of Manning's Island, since known
by his own name.f
Robert Bond was the father of Joseph, and a resident of
Southampton, L. I., as early as 1643. He was appointed,
Oct., 1644, by the General Court of Connecticut, in company
with Mr. Moore, " to demand of each family of Southamp
ton, the amount they would give for the maintenance of
scholars at Cambridge College." He was one of the com
pany that settled East Hampton, in 1648. He came, origi
nally, from Lynn, Mass., and was, doubtless, of the same
stock with the Watertown family. He had a principal part
in securing the land of East Hampton from the natives, and
in transacting the business of the town. He was one of the
first magistrates of the place, and repeatedly represented the
town in the General Court of the Colony. John Ogden and.
Capt. John Scott having had some differences with the town
about Meantaquit [Montauk] in 1662, Robert Bond was
chosen one of the Commissioners to settle it. His intimacy
with Ogden [tradition says that each married the other's sis
ter], and others of his neighbors, who were about to remove
to these parts, led him to cast in his lot with them, and lend'
his valuable counsels to the settlement of this town, where
his influence was second only to John Ogden's. Carteret, at
* E. J. Records, I. 24. N. Y. Col. Doomts., III. 409, 494 Albany Land Papers, 1. 190 ,
t N. York Deeds, 1. 130. Alb. Eecords, XXXIII. 309. N. York Marriages, p. 31.

70 THE HISTORY OF
his coming, was glad to avail himself of his mature experi
ence, and appointed him, Jan. 2, 166$, one of his Council,
and an Assistant to the Justices. Gov. Winthrop, of Con
necticut, highly commended him. He was appointed, Mar.
13, 167$, Justice of the Peace. ' His first wife was Hannah,
a sister of John Ogden. After her death he married, at
Newark, in 1672, Mary, the widow of Hugh Roberts. She
was the daughter of Hugh Calkins, an emigrant from Wales,
in 1640, and a resident, first of Gloucester, Mass., and then
of New London, Ct. He thus became interested in the
Newark colony, and was elected, the same year, their Repre
sentative. He continued still to reside in this town, where
he died, April, 1677. His wife survived him 24 years.
Stephen Bond, of Newark, was one of his sons. The father
received a Warrant for 360 acres of land at E. Town, June
30, 1675, but a caveat was entered against it, Jan. 16, 1677,
by Benjamin Price, Senr. Joseph, at the same date, received
ft Warrant for 160 acres.*
John Beackett, Senr, was from New Haven, Ct., of which
he was one of the first settlers. He assented to the Cove
nant there, June 4, 1639, and, as late as 1643, was unmarried.
At the seating of the congregation, in 1646, places were
provided for him and " Sister Brockett," showing that, pre
vious to this time, he had taken to himself a wife. He was
frequently employed in laying out lands about the town,
and his name is of frequent occurrence in the Colonial Rec
ords, until 1660. When troops were raised to resist the
encroaching Dutch, he was appointed," June 23, 1654, one of
the " surgions." He was probably induced to accompany
his neighbors to this colony, in order to aid them in laying
out their lands. Near the close of 1667, several of the plant
ers having urged the Governor to define the exact bounds of
* Ct. Col. Records, I. 898, 400, 428. Howell's Southampton, pp. 28, ISO. N. Y. Doct.
His., I. 677, 680, 4. Hinman's P. S. of Ct, I. 289, 290, 729. Newark Bicentenary, pp. HI, 181.
Newark Town Records, pp. 10, 23, 49,86. Miss Calkins' Norwich, p. 171. Stearns' Newark,
p. 79. 8 Mass. His. Soo. Coll., X. 84. E. T. BUI, p. 104 E.J. Records, II. 8,111. 25, 124,183.
In the Inventory of his estate, Ap. 13, 1677, his house and all his land were valued at
jB70 ; two oxen, j612. 10. 0 ; two cows, and calves, £9 ; ono " farrow cow," £8. 15. 0 ; two two-
year old heifers, £5 ; a canon, £T. 6. 0. The whole amounted to £151. 11. 5.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY." 71
their several possessions, he deputed Brackett, Dec. 19, 1667,
in the absence of Vauquellin, the Surveyor-General, " to lay
out, survey, and bound the said bounds of Elizabeth Towne
the planting feilds towne lotts and to lay out every particu
lars man's proportion according to his allotments and the
directions " of the Governor ; " for the avoiding of all con- ,
troversies and disputes hereafter concerning the same, hav
ing had certain notice of the good experience, knowledge,
skill and faithfulness of John Brackett in the surveying and
laying out of land." In the controversies of a later day, it
was affirmed by the town's party, that they had " not seen,
known, or heard of any one Survey made in pursuance of that
commission." The surveys were probably made, but were
superseded by later and more accurate surveys, and hence
were not preserved. Brackett sold out his rights, as early as
1670, to Samuel Hopkins, and returned to New Haven, both
he and his son, who, also, had been admitted as an Associate.
John, Jr., died at New Haven, Nov. 29, 1676. " Brackett's
Brook," a branch of the E. Town Creek, in the north part of
the town, indicates, probably, the locality of their allotment.*
Nathaniel Bunnell [Bonnel] was, undoubtedly, also, from
New Haven, Ct., and of the same family with William and
Benjamin, of that town. William was there previous to 1650.
Nathaniel had a house-lot of six acres, 15 by 4 chains,
bounded, E., by Thomas Price ; W., and N., by Isaac White
head, Senr ; and S., by a highway. He had, also, an allot
ment of 120 acres, " Lying upon the South Branch of Elizth
Town Creek, and y" plaine which said above mentioned Creek
passeth through ; " also, " 12 acres of meadow Lying in the
great meadows upon John Woodruffe's Creek."f
Nicolas Carter came from Newtown, L. I. His name
appears, Ap. 12, 1656, among the purchasers of that place
from the natives. His allotment there was 20 acres. He
came there, in 1652, from Stamford, Ct. He is repeatedly
spoken of, in the Newtown Records, among the leading men
»N. Haven Col. Records, Index of Vol. I. E.J. Records, III. 12. E. T. Book, B.,20,T.
Ans. to E. T. Bill, p. 23. Hinman, I. 240.
t Savage's Geneal. Die, I. 800. E, J. Records, II. 180. E. T. Bill, p. 108.

72 THE HISTORY OF
of the town, until 1665, the date of his removal to this place.
His son, Nicholas, born, 1658, was apprenticed, Mar. 25,
1669, to " Richard Painter, Tayler," of Elizabeth Town.
The Indenture says, — " Unlawfull Sports and Games he shall
not use. Taverns or Tipling houses hee shall not haunt or
. frequent, his Masters Goods he shall not Imbezle purloin or
by any unlawfull means diminish or Impair, his Masters
Secrets he shall not disclose." His house-lot contained five
acres, 10 by 5 chains, bounded, E., and S.,by highways; N.,
by the Creek ; and S., by William Hill. He had, also, twenty
acres of upland on Luke Watson's Point, adjacent to Edward
Case and Jacob Melyen ; also forty acres of upland " in a
swamp lying at the E. side of the blind Ridge," bounded
partly by Aaron Thompson and Jacob Melyen. This tract
and his house-lot he sold, Mar. 16, 167-f, to Benjamin Wade,
for £30, payable in Pipe staves. He had, also, seventy acres
of upland, bounded by Roger Lambert, George Pack, and
the swamp ; also, 193 acres of upland, on the Mill Creek,
bounded by Barnabas Wines, the plain, a small brook, and
the Creek ; also 22 acres of meadow, in the Great Meadow,
and 18 acres on Thompson's Creek. His allotments con
tained 368 acres. He bought, also, Mar. 9, 167-^, of Jacob
Melyen, then of the city of N. York, 101 acres of land on the
South Neck. The most of his lands he sold, May 18, 1681,
to Samuel Wilson, and shortly after died.*
Caleb Caewithy [Carwithe, Corwith] was the son of
David, a resident of Southold, L. I., where he died, Novem
ber, 1665. Caleb was a mariner, ami quite a rover. At
Hartford, Ct., he was arraigned, Oct., 1646, for pursuing an
absconding debtor on the Sabbath-day. Previous to 1654,
he made trading voyages between New Haven and Boston.
In 1661, he resided at Southampton, L. I. He was admitted,
in 1664, a freeman at Huntington, L. I. The following year
he came to this place. In the winter of 166f, he entered
into an Association with John Ogden, Senr, Jacob Melyen,
William Johnson, Jeffry Jones and others of this town, for
* E. J. Records, I. 7, 78, 101 ; II. 92, 3 ; III. 21 ; IV. 34. E. T. Bi'l, p. 104. Riker's New
town, pp. 13, 6, 50, 62, 418.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 73
whaling purposes. His house-lot adjoined Chai'les Tucker
on the West, and George Ross on the N. West. He sold
thirty acres of land, Feb. 8, 167-f, for £11, to William Piles.
A year or two after, he removed to Southampton, L. I., where
he was living in 1683, and where his descendants have been
quite numerous and respectable.*
William Cramer was a carpenter, from Southold, L. I.,
where he married Elizabeth, the sister of Caleb Carwithy.
He attached himself to the Governor's party, and seems not
to have been numbered with the Town Associates. He was
appointed, Ap. 27, 1670, Constable of the town, in place of
William Pilles. His house-lot contained six acres, of irregu
lar form, bounded, on the N. W., by Evan Salisbury, and on
every other side by highways. He had, also, 5 acres of up
land, adjoining John Little ; also, 10 acres of upland, lying
in the swamp, bounded by Barnabas Wiries, Richard Beach,
and John Little; also, 20 acres of upland, bounded by Stephen
Crane, Roger Lambert, and the great swamp ; also, 60 acres,
adjoining the last plot and Crane's brook, bounded, also, as be
fore, by Crane, and Lambert ; also 80 acres, " at the two mile
brook," bound by unsurveyed land and the brook; also, 8 acres
of upland " in the Neck," bounded by Caleb Carwithy, Luke
Watson, and the Creek meadow ; also, 6 acres of meadow on
the Creek, and 14 acres of meadow, " at Rahawack :" — in all
209 acres. He sold out, Sept. 1, 1677, to John Toe, weaver,
and soon after removed with Luke Watson to the Hoar-Kill
[Lewes], Delaware. He had died in 1695. f
Stephen Ceane was from Connecticut, and was, probably,
nearly related to Jasper Crane, of Newark, who was one of
the first settless of New Haven, Ct., in 1639, was at Branford
in 1652, and at Newark, in 1667. The family is quite ancient
and honorable. Ralph Crane accompanied Sir Francis Drake
to America in 1577, and Robert Crane was of the first com
pany that came to Mass. Bay, in 1630. Sir Robert Crane
was of Essex Co., Eng., in 1630; and Sir Richard, in 1643,
* Ct. Col. Records, 1.143, 428; II. 120. E. J. Eecords, I. 66; 11722, 34; III. 22. Howell,
pp. 48, 217. Bacon's N. Haven, p. 866. N. Y. Doe. History, II. 53S. •
t E. J. Eecords, 1. 100, 160 ; II. 19, 33; III. 85. E. T. Book, B. 56. E. T. Bill, p, 106.

74 THE HISTORY OF
of Wood Rising, Norfolk, Eng. Henry and Benjamin Crane
were of Wethersfield, Ct., at an early day, and the former
removed thence to Guilford. Stephen was born, not later
than 1640, and was married as early as 1663. His house-lot
contained six acres, and was bounded, S. E. by Samuel Trot
ter ; N. W. by Crane's brook ; E., by the Mill Creek ; and, W.,
by the highway. He had, also, 60 acres between two swamps,
and adjoining William Cramer; also, 72 acres, on Crane's
brook, bounded by the brook, William Cramer, Richard
Beach, Nathaniel Tuttle, and William Pardon ; also, 18 acres
of meadow, " towards Rawack point ; " — in all 156 acres.
He died about 1700*
John Dickinson was from Southold, L. I., and a son, or
brother, of Philemon, who came over, in the Mary Ann, 1637,
to Salem, Mass., was admitted to the church, in 1641, married
Mary, daughter of Thomas Payne, of Salem, removed to
Southold, about 1649, was Capt. of a sloop, in those parts,
and resided at Oyster Bay, in 1653. John was one of the
witnesses, Aug. 18, 1665, to the payment, to the Indians, of a
part of the purchase money for the town lands, and took the
oath of allegiance, in Feb. following. He died soon after, and
his rights were transferred to John Ogden.f
Joseph Ffeazey [Frazee] came with the first settlers, but
whence does not appear. His house-lot contained 6 acres, of
the usual form, 15 by 4 chains ; and was bounded, S. W., by
David Ogden ; N. E., by William Letts ; S. E., by a highway ;
and, N. W., by a swamp. He received, May 9, 1676, a war
rant for 120 acres. Feb. 1, 1685, he received a warrant for
50 acres adjoining his own land " betwixt Raway River
and the branch, in Compensation for two highways made
through his Land one leading to Vincents and the other to
Woodbridge." His son, Joseph, had, also, 135 acres on
" Raway " River adjoining Dr. Robinson's land ; and 15 acres
of meadow between Rahway River and " Emet's Creek."
The house-lot he sold, to William Looker, then of Wood-
bridge. Frazee bought, Sep. 21, 1678, of Luke Watson, 182
« E. J. Records, II. 20, 85. E. T. BUI, p. 104. Hinman, I. 742-51.
t Savage, II. 49. Thompson's L. I., I. 4S6. 4 Mass. His. Soo. Coll., I. 99.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 75
acres ; and, July 4, 16S2, William Broadwell's town lands.
His possessions were mostly along the Rahway river ; and
the family settled eventually in Westfield and New Provi
dence. A tract of land on the Passaic river has, in conse
quence of their locating upon it, been called, " Frazeys Mead
ows." Mr. Frazey sold, Sept. 7, 1698, 39 acres, E. of the
Rahway, to Samuel Pack. He died in January, 171f .*
John Gray was, as elsewhere said, the step-father of Luke
Watson, having married, as early as 1644, Elizabeth, Wat
son's mother, and daughter of William Frost, of Uncowah
[Fairfield], Ct. He was one of the patentees of Newtown,
L. L, being, with three exceptions, the largest contributor,
among many, to the expense of the purchase. He incurred,
in 1653, the wrath of the Dutch Government (for what does
not appear), and sentence of banishment was pronounced
against him, March 24. Again, Aug. 10, 1654, he was on
trial "accused of divers crimes," of which "abusing the
magistrates " of the town alone is specified. He confessed,
was indicted, and sentenced. Jan. 26, 1656, he is spoken of
as "a fugitive from justice." Yet, in 1658, he was still re
siding at Newtown. His offence was, probably, political.
He must have been well advanced in life, when he accom
panied Watson to this town, and, having lost his first wife,
had married Hannah  , to whom, by deed, Sep. 10, 1675,
he gave his estate. In April, 1673, when he sold his meadow
land to William Pilles, he had removed to New Piscataway.
He probably died soon after the gift to his wife. No record
is found of his allotments.f
Daniel Harris was from Northampton, L. I., and a son
of George, who was one of the neighbors of John Ogden.
He came on with the first emigration (probably unmarried),
induced, it may be, by his early companions, Ogden's boys.
He has left no memorial. Henry Harris, who was onB of
Mr. Harriman's parishioners in 1696, may have been his son,
and George Harris, in 1725, a grandson.^:
•E.J. Records, I., 87, 115, 187 ; II. 10, 22 ; IV. 19 ; G. 137. E. T. Bill, p. 107. Wills, No. 1 ¦
t E. J. Records, I. 51. Riker, p. 43. N. Haven Col. Records, 1. 465. Calendar of Dutch
MBS., pp. 46, 181, 189, 159, 165, 198.
t Howell's Southampton, pp. 234-5. Harriman's Ledger, p. 104.

76 THE HISTORY OF
Leonard Headley has left no memorial of his origin. He
had surveyed, Oct. 14, 1678, " in right of himself and his
wife," 150 acres. His house-lot contained 4 acres, 10 by 4
chains, bounded, N. W., by John Ogden, Jr., and, on the
other sides, by highways. He had 8 acres of upland " at
Bracket's Spring," and along the brook, adjoining Hur
Thompson, and a swamp; also, 6 acres of upland, "lying in
the way going to the point," bounded in part by John Ogden,
Jr., and John Woodruff; also 20 acres on the Creek, bounded
by Daniel DeHart and Robert Vauquellin ; also, 33 acres,
" in the plaine," bounded by George Morris and John Ogden,
Jr. ; also, 65 acres of upland " at the North end of the plaine,"
" by the Mill brooke," and bounded by Margaret Baker, Jona
than Ogden, and Benjamin Parkis ; also 14 acres in the Great
Meadow. He died, Feb., 1683, and Sarah Smith administered
on his estate, which was valued at £99. 3. 6.*
Matthias Heathfield [Hetfield, Hatfield] was a weaver,
and came hither from New Haven, Ct., where he took the
oath of fidelity, May 1, 1660. In the Record of Surveys,
Aug. 29, 1676, he is called " Hatfeild," and, in his will,
" Hattfield." He is supposed to have been a son of Thomas
Hatfield, of Leyden, a member of John Robinson's church,
and a native of Yorkshire, Eng. Mr. Thomas Hatfield,
who settled about the same time at Mamaroneck, N. Y., was,
probably, his brother. His house-lot contained 5 acres, 10 by
5 chains, bounded, E., by the highway and Thomas Moore ;
N, and S., by unsurveyed land ; and, W., by Denis White.
He had, also, 22 acres of upland, " in a triangle," hounded
by William Letts, John Winaus, Samuel Marsh, and a
swamp ; also, 12 acres of upland, bounded by Nathaniel Bon-
nel, Robert Vauquellin, and a way that parted him from
Gov. Carteret ; also, 112 acres of upland on " the two mile
brook ; " also, 40 acres of upland, " towards the west branch
of Elizabeth Town River," bounded by John Winans and an
Indian path ; also, 14 acres of meadow " at Rawack," and 3
acres of meadow on the N. side of E. Town Creek ; in all
* E. J. Eecords, II. 3, 9S, A. IS!.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 77
208 acres. He was a boatman, as well as a weaver, and
seems to have been a man of considerable means. " For
twelve hundred gilders secured to him by bill" (a large
sum in those days), he purchased, Dec. 5, 1673, of " Abraham
Ltjbberson of New Orania in the New Netherlands, his
dwelling-house and home-lott, with all other accommodations
belonging to s" first Lott, within the bounds of Elizabeth both
upland and meadow."
It thus appears, that Mr. Lubberson was among the early
settlers of the town. He had been a citizen of New Amster
dam, before the conquest, and resided, in 1665, in De Hoogh
Straat [High st], now Pearl, east of Broad sts., having pre.
viously lived, for several years, on the west side of the Prince
Graft [Broad st.]. This latter residence he sold, Sep. 5, 1671,
and is spoken of, in the deed, as " Abram Lubberse of Eliza
beth towne in New Jearsie." He was one of the Skippers
of the Port, having command of a Hudson river sloop. He
came here in 1666, or 7, and built the stone house, on the
lower part of Pearl st., at its junction with Hatfield st., now
in the possession of Abel S. Hatfield. It is, undoubtedly, the
oldest house in town, is in good repair, and has never been
alienated from the family since its purchase in 1673. Mr.
Lubbersen-had three children born here : Abraham, Josias,
and Andries. On the reconquest of New York, by the Dutch,
in 1673, he returned to his old home in New Orange, as the
city was then called.
Mr. Hatfield was the original owner of the land on which
the First Presbyterian Church stands, and is entitled to the
credit of having given it to the town for a church and burial
place. When the church-property was surveyed in 1766,
the Trustees affirmed " that the first Purchasers and Asso
ciates did give the af"1 Tract of land for the use of the Pres
byterian Church, the Record of which on or about the year
1719 was either lost or destroyed." This statement was ad
mitted by the Town Committee, and they allowed, Aug. 27,
1766, the above " Lot of Land to the s" Trustees their Heirs
and Successors on the right of Matthias Hatfield, one of the
s Associates." A grandson of Mr. Hatfield had then been a

78 THE HISTORY OF
Trustee of the Church for 12 years, and was the first Presi
dent of the Board. He must have known the exact state of
the case. Mr. Hatfield died in December, 1687, his wife,
Maria (of Dutch nativity), and three sons, Isaac, Abraham,
and Cornelius, surviving him. It is not known, though it is
quite probable, that he left daughters also.*
John Hinds [Heynes, Haynes, Haines], and his brother,
James, were " East Enders" from Long Island. They were
sons of James Hinds, who came over from England to Salem,
Mass., as early as 1637, when he was admitted a freeman.
He married in 1638, and, at an early day, removed to South-
old, L. I., where he died, March, 165f , his estate being valued
at £123. 5. 4. He had eight children : John, James, Ben
jamin, Mary, James 2d, Jonathan, Sarah, and Thomas. His
widow was married, in June 1656, to Ralph Dayton, of South-
old. John was the oldest son, and was baptized, Aug. 28,
1639. James was baptized, Feb. 27, 164-J. Benjamin Haines,
who was at Southampton, in 1639, and a resident of North
Sea [Northampton] in 1657, was, probably, a brother of
James Senr. He was the grandfather of Stephen, who re
moved to this town as early as 1725, and was the ancestor of
Gov. Daniel Haines.
John Hinds, the son of James, Senr, of Southold, was bred
a cooper. No record remains of his allotments of land. He
married Mary, a daughter of Goodman Thompson, and their
daughter had been married, as early as 1700, to Isaac White
head, Jr. He was a constable of the town in 1710 and 1711.
A curious record of him occurs in the Ledger of Rev. John
Harriman : " 169$ , ffeb. 28, pr acco' of teaching my son
Samuel the mistery of a cooper, thoh not pformed accord
ing to bargain— £4. 00. 00."
James was, also, a cooper, and came here, about ten years
later than his brother, John. He received, July 11, 1677, a
warrant " in Right of himself & his wife," for 120 acres of
land ; on account of which lie had a survey of 108 acres of
* N. Haven Col. Eecords, I. 141. E. J. Eecords, II. 24. 106-7 ; 26, o. o. ; B. 306. Valen
tine's N. Y. Manual for 1850, p. 452; 1851, p. 440; 1S53, pp. 475, 8, 480; 1868, p. 792 ; 1S65,
pp. 661, 672, 706, 710, E. T. Book, B. 47, 170.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 79
upland bounded by Richard Clark, James Emot, and the
West brook ; also, 12 acres of " meadow in the great Meadows."
He purchased, Sep. 4, 1676, of William Looker, then of Jamai
ca, L. L, his house, garden, orchard and house-lot, probably
in the way of trade, as he continued still to reside in this
town, and was living in 1703.*
Benjamin Homan [Oman] was from the East End of Long
Island. John Homan was at Setauket [Brookhaven], a few
years later, and was, it may be, either his father, or his son.
He was one of the Associates of the Town, and had the usual
allotments of land, but no mention is made of them in the
records. He lived a bachelor until his death, Ap. 1, 1684.
He gave, by will, six acres to Benjamin Meeker, and the re
mainder of his estate, valued at £63. 5. 6, to Martha Farkis
[Parkhurst] of E. Town, widow. She may have been his
sister.f William Johnson was at New Haven, Ct., as early as the
year 1648. Thomas and John, who came to Newark, in 1666-7,
the one from Milford, and the other from Branford, the sons
of Robert, an emigrant to New Haven, from Hull, Eng., were,
probably, his cousins. They had a brother, William, but he
continued at Guilford, Ct, was a deacon of the church, and
grandfather of Rev. Dr. Samuel Johnson, of N. York. Wil
liam Johnson, of this town, had a house-lot of four acres, 10
by 4 chains, bounded, W., by Humphry Spinage ; S., by Ja
cob Melyen ; and N, and E., by highways ; also, 12 acres of
upland, on "the little Neck," bounded by George Ross,
Humphry Spinage, and his own meadow ; also 60 acres of
upland on " Rawack " river, bounded by Symon Rous, the
swamp, the river, and his meadow — " a highway to pass
through the said Land ; " also, 60 acres of upland, on " Rawack
plaine," bounded by Luke Watson, Symon Rous, a swamp,
and unsurveyed land ; also, 100 acres of upland, on "the W.
branch of Rawack River ; " also, 6 acres of meadow on Ra
wack river ; also, 6 acres of meadow on E. T. Creek, joining
* N. Haven Col. Eecords, II. 158, 9. Savage's Gen. Die., II. 888-9. Howell, pp. 31, 286
£. J. Records, II. 65 ; O. 89. Macdonald's Jamaica, p. 61. E. T. Bill, p. 105.
t Thompson's L. I., II. 899. E. J. Records, B. E. T. Bill, p. 108.

80 THE HISTORY OF
his 12 acre lot ; also 13 acres of meadow, on the Rawack
river; in all, 262 acres. He mortgaged, Nov. 11, 1678, his
whole estate in the town to Roger Lambert to secure the
payment of £100, and subsequently Lambert became the
owner.* Jeffry Jones was from Southold, L. I., where he was
made a freeman, May, 1664. He and Edward Jones, who was
at Southampton, as early as 1644, it is thought were sons of
the Rev. John Jones, who came with the Rev. Mr. Shepard,
of Cambridge, and the Rev. John Wilson, of Boston, Mass.,
from England, arriving Oct. 2, 1635 ; was a colleague of Rev.
Peter Bulkley, of Concord, Mass., from 1636 to 1644, when
he came to Fairfield, Ct., and resided there until his death,
1664, being over 70 years of age. One of the sons, Rev.
Eliphalet (born, Jan. 9, 1640), was the first minister of Hunt
ington, L. I. Jeffry Jones had a house-lot on the West side
'of Mill Creek, between David Ogden on the S., and William
Cramer, on the N. He had a warrant for 1 80 acres, but no
return of the survey is on record. His house-lot he sold,
Aug. 24, 1686, to Jonas Wood. He was associated, May 20,
1668, with Ogden, Bond, and Watson, in running the bound
ary line between this town and Newark. He was, also, one
of the Whaling Company, incorporated, Feb. 15, 166-f. An
action of Trespass and Ejectment was brought against him
by " the Proprietors," in the name of James Fullerton, in
1693, because of his refusal to take out a Patent from them
for his lands, and to pay them " Quit Rents." Judgment
having been rendered against him, he appealed to the King
in Council, by whom, Feb. 25, 1696, it was set aside. He
outlived the most of the founders of the town, his death oc
curring in Dec. 1717.f
Thomas Leonards was, doubtless of the Southampton stock.
He was admitted a freeman of Connecticut, in 1658. He
probably died soon after his coming, as no subsequent trace
of him has been found.J
* E. J. Rocords, I. 108, 157; II. 20, 330. Ct. Col. Records, I. 94. E. T. BUI, p. 305.
t lb., pp. 44, 100, 120, 2. E. J. Records, I. 89 ; II. 21 ; III. 88, 119 ; Wills, A. 89. Savage, II.
562. Newark Records, p. 10. Ct, Col. Eocords, I. 427. Shattuck's Concord, pp. 148-164.
t Savage, III. 80.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 81
Samuel Marsh was from New Haven, Ct., where he took
the oath of fidelity, May 2, 1647. He came here, among the
first settlers from Ct., with his wife and seven children. His
house-lot contained seven acres, of irregular form, 6 chains
broad, and in length, 15 chains on the W. side, and 10 chains
on the E. side, bounded, on the W., by Jonas Wood, and on
the other sides by highways. He had, also, 18 acres of up
land " in the Neck," bounded by John Winans, Matthias
Hatfield, and William Letts ; also, 100 acres of upland, " at
Rawack," called by the Name of Ragged Neck, bounded by
Jeffry Jones, Simon Rouse, and his own meadow ; also, 60
acres of upland,' adjoining the 100 acre lot, bounded by Jeffry
Jones, a great swamp, and his own land ; also, 14 acres of
meadow, on the N. side of his upland, and 6 acres of meadow
at Luke Watson's Neck, on the N. side of Thompson's Creek :
in all 205 acres. His eldest son, Samuel, Jr., was admitted
among the 80 Associates, and had an allotment of 80 acres
of upland, at " Rahawack," bounded by Robert Vauquellin',
Simon Rouse, Thomas Moore, Benjamin Wade, and a great
swamp ; also, 10 acres of upland on the two-mile brook, ad
joining Matthias Hatfield, and David Oliver; also, 10 acres
of meadow, " lying at Rahawack in the Meadow of Samuel
Marsh, Sen' : " in all, 100 acres. " Old Mash," as the father
was familiarly called, died in September, 1683.*
William Meeker was, also, from New Haven, Ct., where
he took the oath of fidelity, July 1, 1644. He was pro
pounded, Oct. 7, 1646, to "be loader to mill," "for a 12
month," "to goe in all seasons except vnreasonable weather."
Frequently he appears in the records as "Meaker," and
" Mecar." His house-lot contained six acres, bounded, N.,
by Henry Norris ; W., by the highway; S., by his son, Jo
seph ; and, E., by the swamp. He had, also, 13 acres of
upland, bounded by his son, Benjamin, Robert Bond, and
Joseph Osborne ; also, 45 acres of upland " by Henry Lyon,"
bounded by his son, Benjamin, and Robert Bond ; also, 75
acres of upland, bounded by Hur Thompson, a small brook,
* N. Haven Col. Eecords, 1. 140, 229, 283, 270, 1, 378, 474. E. J. Records, 1. 159 ; II. 20, 31,
85; A. 192. E. T. Bill, p. 105, 8. Savage, III. 155.
6

82 THE HISTORY OF *
and a swamp ; also, 12 acres of meadow^ on the S. side of
Bound Creek, and 2£ acres on E. Town Creek : in all, 152
acres. He was appointed, Oct. 13, 1671, constable of the
town, and, in performance of the duties of his office, became
obnoxious to the Governor and his party, and the property
just described was forfeited in favor of William Pardon, as
related on a subsequent page. His sons, Joseph and Ben
jamin, were, also, numbered among the 80 Associates. Jo
seph had a house-lot, containing six acres, bounded, N, by
his father ; S., by his brother, Benjamin ; E., by Robert
Vauquellin ; and, W., by a highway. He had, also, 35 acres,
bounded by Joseph Sayre, a small brook, a fresh meadow,
and a highway that goes into the Meadows ; also, 45 acres,
" adjoining to Master Bond," bounded by Henry Lyon, Rob
ert Bond, Henry Norris, and John Woodruff; also, 12 acres
" on the West Side of the plaine," bounded by Moses Thomp
son, Isaac Whitehead, Senr, Moses Hopkins, and the Mill
Creek : in all, 98 acres. . Benjamin had a house-lot, contain
ing five acres, 9 by 5£ chains, bounded, W., by a highway ;
E., by George Morris and Henry Lyon ; N., by his brother,
Joseph ; and, S., by unsurveyed land. He had, also, 24 acres
of upland, bounded by Joseph Osborne, Robert Bond, and
" a run ; " also, 60 acres of upland, bounded by Robert
Bond, Henry Lyon, and Isaac Whitehead, Senr; also, 66
acres of upland, bounded by Hur Thompson, two small
brooks, and a swamp ; in all, 155 acres. He was one of the
town constables in 1711. Joseph kept a country store, and
Benjamin was a carpenter ; while both were planters. The
father died in December, 1690.*
Jacob Melyen [Moullains, Mueline, Melleyns, Melyn,
Meleins] came here from New Haven, Ct., but was previ
ously of New Amsterdam. He was the son of the patroon,
Cornelis Melyn, whose name is familiar to every student of
Dutch American history. The father was born, 1602, at
Antwerp, Holland, and emigrated, in 163,9, to New Nether
land. He returned, in 1640, for his wife (Janneken) and
•
* N. Haven Col. Eecords, 1. 122, 139, 278. E. J. Records, II. 1, 18, 24, 69, 146 ; III. 47, 82 ;
0.70,1. E. T. Bill, p. 108.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 83
children, and obtained a grant of Staten Island. There he
planted a colony, in 1641, which was broken up by the Indian
war of 1643. Removing to New Amsterdam, he took up his
residence in Broad, between Stone and Pearl, sts., on the E. •
side. He espoused the popular side in politics, for which he
'was heavily fined by Gov. Stuyvesant, and banished for
seven years. He returned to Holland for redress, was
wrecked, Sep. 27, 1647, and lost one of his sons, barely
escaping with his own life. The Home Government sus
tained his appeal, but Stuyvesant still persisted in his oppo
sition. After another voyage to Holland, he re-established
himself, in 1650, on Staten Island, continuing there until the
colony was again dispersed by the Indians, in the massacre
of 1655. He removed to New Haven, Ct., where he and his
son, Jacob, took the oath of fidelity, Ap. 7, 1657. In 1659,
he repaired again to Holland, effected a settlement of his
difficulties, relinquished Staten Island to the West India
Company, and soon after returned to New Netherland. He
had died in 1674, leaving his wife, three sons, — Jacob, Cor-
nelis, and Isaac, — and three daughters, Marian (married and
residing at N. Haven), Susanna and Magdaleen, who were
married subsequently to Jacob Schellinger and Jacob Soper,
merchants of N. York.
Jacob, the eldest son, was born at Antwerp, Holland, about
1640, and came an infant to America. His boyhood was
passed in the midst of the exciting scenes just referred to,
by which he was educated in the love of liberty and hatred
of oppression. He accompanied his father to Holland and
back, in 1659, returning to N. Haven. He was reprimanded,
May 1, 1660, by Gov. Newman, as related in the "Blue
Laws " of Ct., for kissing and taking other improper liberties
with Miss Sarah Tuttle. He married, in 1662, Hannah,
the daughter of George Hubbard, of Guilford, Ct. Her
sister, Abigail, in 1657, had become the wife of Humphrey. •
Spinning. He and Spinning attached themselves to the band
of pilgrims, who, in 1665, emigrated from New Haven to
this town. He had been familiar, doubtless, with this par
ticular locality from his childhood, by.reason of his residence

84 THE HISTORY OF
on Staten Island. His knowledge of the Dutch language,
and possibly of the Indian tongue also, made him a valuable.
acquisition to the new colony of Achter Kol.
His house-lot contained four( acres, 10 by 4 chains, and
was bounded, W., by his brother-in-law, Humphrey Spinning;
S., by John Winans ; N., by William Johnson ; and, E., by
a highway. This lot, with his house, barn, orchard, &c, he
sold, Feb. 8, 167f, to John Winans. He had 100 acres on
the South Neck of E. T., which he sold, Mar. 9, 167f, to
Nicholas Carter. For himself, wife, and two servants, he
was allowed 360 acres. His patent gave him 450 acres. He
was a partner in the whaling company of 1669. During the
Dutch rule, 1673-4, he was in high favor, being appointed
one of the Schepens of the town, and Captain of the militia
company. He removed to New York in 1674, and resided
in the Mill st. Lane [S. William st.]. Two of his children,
Susanna and Jacob, were baptized in the Dutch chh., N. Y.,
Oct. 3, 1674; and three others, Daniel, Samuel, and Abigail,
Aug. 7, 1677. Subsequently to 1683, he removed to Boston,
probably for the convenience of educating his son, Samuel
(afterwards a minister of this town), who graduated, in 1696,
at Harvard College. At Boston, he traded in leather, and
served, several years, as constable. His decease occurred in
December, 1706, his wife surviving until 1717. His daugh
ter, Abigail, married (1.) William Tilley, and (2.) Chief Justice
Samuel Sewall. His daughter, Joanna, born in 1683, about
the time that he removed to Boston, became the wife of the
Rev. Jonathan Dickinson of this town. In his will, he
affirms that he had spent £300. on Samuel's education. In
the Boston News Letter, Oct. 1, 1705, is an Advertisement
in these words : " A House and Land in the High-Fore-Street
at the Sign of the Buck, in the South End of Boston, now in
the Occupancy of Mr. Jacob Melyen, to be Sold."*
Thomas More [Moor, Mooee] was from Southold, L. I.
He was the son of Thomas, who came over, in 1630, in the
* E. T. Bill, p. 108. E. J. Records. 1. 101, S, 163 ; II. 46 ; III. 25. N. Y. Col. Doomts., II.
571, 582, 608, 706. Calendar of N. Y. Ills. Mss., 2S, 40, 46, 124, 181. Savago, III. 195. Valen
tino's N. Y., 1868, p. 795. Boston News Letter, No. 76.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. -85
Mary and John, to Dorchester, Mass. ; joined the Church, at
Salem ; was admitted a freeman, May 18, 1631 ; and removed,
with his brother, Deacon John Moore, first to Windsor, Ct.,
then to Southampton, and then to Southold, L. I. The father
was a man of influence, and represented Southold in the
General Court at New Haven, in 1658, and at Hartford in
1664. Thomas, Jr., was at Newtown in 1664, whence, the
following year, he came to this town. His house-lot, " for
merly belonging to Joachin Andrissen," he sold to William
Pyles, previous to 1672, and purchased, June 22, 1675, the
house-lot, containing four acres, bounded, N., and E., by a
highway ; S., by Matthias Hatfield ; and W., by Denis White.
He had, also, 60 acres of upland, "towards Rahawack," ad
joining Benjamin Wade ; also, 42 acres " on the South side of
Elizabeth .River," bounded by Benjamin Wade, Humphry
Spinage, the River, and the plain ; also, 60 awes of upland,
" on the North side of the said River," bounded by Hum
phry Spinage, Stephen Osborne, and " the branch of the said
Elizabeth River;" also 20 acres of meadow, adjoining William
Pilles upland ; in all, 187 acres. Thomas Moore, in 1676, had
80 acres surveyed for him on the S. side of Staten Island.
He survived until June, 1708.*
Robert Mosse [Moess, Moese], and his son Petee, were
from Massachusetts. They were at Boston, in 1644, at New
bury in 1654, and still later at Rowley, whence, in 1665, they
came hither. The father was a tailor, and had a large family.
His house-lot contained six acres, bounded, N, by his son,
Peter; S., by William Pardon; W., by the highway; and,
E., by Elizth. river and a highway. He had, also, 12 acres
of upland, bounded by William Trotter, his son, Peter, and
Crane's brook; also, 44 acres of upland, bounded by the
river, William Pardon, William Trotter, Daniel Tuttle, his
son, Peter, and the Common ; also, " a Neck of Land Lying
between two brooks," 66 acres, bounded by West brook,
Peach Garden brook, and Thompson's Creek ; also, another
* N. H. Col. Eecords, II. 52, 66, 159, 280, 6, 358, 892, 406. Ct. Col. Eecords, I. 28, 112, 886,
8. Alb. Records, III. 116. Savage, III. 227-231. E. J. Records, I. 24, 46, 157 ; II. 21, 81. E,
T. Bill, p. 108.

86 THE HISTORY OF
plot of 66 acres, adjoining on the West, lying on Peach Gar
den brook ; also, 6 acres of meadow on Thompson's Creek, 9
acres on the Sound, and 7 acres on Peach Garden and West
brooks : in all, 202 acres. The tract on the E. T. Creek he
disposed of, Sep. 26, 1681, to his son-in-law, William Broad-
well ; and several other tracts, June 24, 1686, to Jonas Wood.
The next day he obtained a warrant for 150 acres more.
Peter's house-lot contained six acres, bounded, W., by a
highway ; N., by William Trotter ; S., by his father ; and, E.,
by E. T. Creek. He had, also, 12 acres of upland, adjoining
his father; also, 40 .acres of upland, "near the Ash Swamp
upon a hill," bounded by William Pardon, Stephen Crane,
John Little, and the Common ; also, " a Neck of Land' at
Rawack," 140 acres, along West brook, Rawack Swamp, and
the Common ; also, 18 acres of meadow on Thompson's Creek,
and 6 acres on Luke Watson's Point : in all 224 acres ; of
which 20 acres were " in Right of Joachim Andrissen." The
homestead was on " Thompson's Creek," hence more gener
ally kn own of late as " Morse's Creek," long the boundary
between Rahway and Elizabeth. Peter died in May,
1702* Nathanael Norton was from the E. end of Long Island,
but, though admitted one of the 80 Associates, was induced,
after a short sojourn, to return to the Island. He took up
his abode at Brookhaven, where he was living in 1675, and
in 1683. His E. Town rights were transferred to Henry
Norris.f William Oliver cannot now be traced with any certainty.
He was, probably, the son of John, who died in 1646, or
of Thomas, who died in 1652, at Boston or its vicinity, each
of them leaving a large family. Thomas was of Bristol, and
came over, in 1632, from London. William had a house-lot
containing eight acres, 20 by 4 chains, bounded, W., by
'Charles Tucker ; S., by Jonas Wood ; and, N., and E., by
highways. He had, also, 12 acres of upland, " at Luke
* Savage, III. 241. E. J. Eooords, I. 148, 9, 150; II. 19, 28; III. 158, 9; B. 121, 182 ; L.
90. E.T.Bill, p. 104.
t N. York Doe. Ills , II. 468, 588.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 87
Watson's point," bounded by Jeffry Jones, Caleb Carwithy,
the meadows, and a highway ; also, 84 acres of upland " at
Rawack," bounded by Peter Morse, Samuel Marsh, Senr,
David Oliver, and William Pilles. He died about 1694.*
Joseph Osborn [Osbourne, Osbuene], and Jeremy Os-
born were from East Hampton, L. I. They were the sons of
Goodman Thomas Osborne, one of the founders of that town,
in 1649, or 1650. He had been, also, one of the founders of
New Haven, Ct., in 1639, where, in .1643, he was rated at
£300, and had a family of six. Richard, then of New Haven,
and afterwards of Fairfield, was his brother. Thomas was at
Hingham, Mass., in 1635, and removed to Connecticut before
the Pequot war of 1637, in which he served. Thomas, John,
Jeremiah, Joseph, and Stephen were his sons. The first two
settled in East Hampton ; the others joined the company of
emigrants to Achter Kol, and were founders of this town.
Jeremiah was a witness, Aug. 18, 1665, to the payment of
the money, to the Indians, for the purchase of the town. He,
probably, died soon after, as his name does not appear among
the original Associates. His brother, Stephen, had taken his
place before 1673. Jeremiah Osborn, who was one of Mr.
Harriman's parishioners from 1687 to 1705, and afterwards
became a Quaker, was a son of Stephen, was born in 1661,
removed to Morris Co., and lived to an extreme old age.
He made a long deposition, Mar. 23, 1741, in the celebrated
case of Daniel Cooper vs. John Crain and others, printed at
length in the E. T. Bill in Chancery, Schedule X.
Joseph Osborn received a warrant for 150 acres of land,
but the returns of the survey are not on record ; consequently
his several parcels of land cannot now be located. Stephen
had two house-lots " Lying and being in Elizabeth Towne
Upon the Mill Creek," containing 12 acres, 12 by 10 chains,
bounded, W., by the Creek ; S., and E., by highways; and
N., by an unsurveyed house-lot One of these two lots, prob
ably, was Jeremiah's. He sold them both, Oct.- 13, 1689, to
Joseph Wilson. He had, also, 12 acres of upland on " the
* N. E. His. & Gen. Register, XII. 58. E. J. E3cords, II. 19, 103 ; 25, o. e. ; III. 159. E. T.
Bill, p. 103. Savage, IV. 101.

88 THE HISTORY OF
little Neck," bounded by Jeremiah Peck, Joseph Sayre,
John Woodruff, Moses Thompson, and a swamp ; also, 121
acres of upland on " the South branch of Elizabeth Towne
Creek," bounded by Nathaniel Bonnel, Thomas Moore,
George Ross, and the branch ; also, three acres of meadow
on the E. T. Creek, and 12 acres " in the great Meadows at
the upper end of Forkey Creek : " in all 160 acres. He died,
July, 1698. Joseph was living in 1707.*
- George Pack came with the first colonists, but whence can
not now be learned. He had a house-lot containing six acres,
bounded, N. W., by John Little, and on the other sides by
highways. He had, also, 30 acres of upland, bounded by
Barnabas Wines, John Little, Nicholas Carter, and unsur-
veyed land ; also, 40 acres of upland, bounded by Joseph
Sayre, Nicholas Carter, two small brooks, and unsurveyed
land ; also 4 acres of swamp, and 12 acres of meadow on
" the great River " [the Sound] : in all, 118 acres. He died,
Feb. 170ft
Richard Payntee [Painter] was a tailor, who came hither
from New York, but originally from Southampton. Carter's
son was apprenticed to him, Mar. 25, 1669. His house-lot
contained three acres, 10 by 3 chains, bounded, S., by Capt.
Philip Carteret — formerly Abraham Shotwell; and,N.,E., and
W., by highways. He had, also, 20 acres of upland, bounded,
by a round hill, the Mill Creek, and Mrs. Baker; also, 96
acres of upland, bounded by Isaac Whitehead, Jr., Leonard
Headley, Joseph Sayre, and the Mill brook ; also, 15|- acres
of meadow : in all, 134£ acres. His residence here was of
short duration. In the winter of 1670-1, he removed to New
York, and sold, Ap. 3, 1671, his "Plantation with the Dwell
ing House, &c." to Balthazar De Hart of New York, Mer
chant. De Hart died in January, 1672, and his Executors
sold, July 4, 1672, to Richard Skinner, of E. T., " Joyner," the
house and property bought of Richard Painter, (" wherein
the above-named Richard Skinner now Liveth and was ser-
* Savage, HI. 319. Barber's Ct., p. 160. Thompson's L. I., I. 295. E. J. Records, II. 51,
24, 129. E. T. Bill, pp. 106, 108,118-5.
t E. T. Bill, p. 108. E.J. Records, 11.19, 21, 96.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 89
rant unto the said Richard Painter and also to the said Bal
thazar De Hart,") for £48 ; " £16 in Porke at Three Pounds
the Barrell, Wheat at four Shillings the Bushell, Pease at three
shillings the Bushell Beef in Life at three Pence the Pound."
Skinner must have forfeited the property for want of fulfil
ment of the conditions of payment, and it was again sold,
March 21, 168^, by Daniel De Hart, to George Jewell, then
a recent comer from Piscataway. Painter was living, in
1679, at Southampton " on the west street running by the
swamp." *
John Parker, it is thought, was from the East End of Long
Island, probably of the Bridgehampton family. His house-
lot contained six acres, bounded, E., and N., by Gov. Car
teret; S., by the highway ; and, W., by Joseph Ogden. He
had, also, six acres of upland on " the North Neck," bounded
by Leonard Headley, John Ogden, Jr., and " the Common
pasture ; " also, 60 acres of upland, bounded by John Wood
ruff, the Meadow, and the " Common Land ; " also, 12 acres
of upland on the W. side of Mr. Woodruff, and between two
swamps ; also, 12J acres of meadow in the same vicinity : in
all, 96 acres. His house-lot he sold to Carteret, Aug. 15,
1675, for £8, probably without improvements. He died, in
Dec. 1702, leaving his property to Robert Smith of Egg Har
bor, Widow SarahBrowne, Thomas Headley, and "the Church
of Christ in Elizabeth Town ; " to the latter £3.f
Thomas Pope was an associate, in 1644, of Strickland, Og
den, the Dentons and Jonas Wood, in settling Hempstead,
L. I. He seems to have either accompanied or followed
John Ogden to the East End of the Island, as, in 1652, he
had. a house-lot of 3 acres, "next to Mr. Stanbrough," granted
him at Southampton. His son, John, also, is named among
the early settlers of that town. His house-lot here was on
the S. side of the Creek, adjoining the Governor. He sold
it, Feb., 166|, to William Pilles. He died previous to 1677.
Mary, his widow, and her son, John, sold, Feb. 25, 167-f,
their dwelling house" and lot, with 60 acres of upland, for
* E. J. Records, I. 7, 25, 86 ; II. 15, 78 ; A. 113. E. T. Bill, pp. 102, 7. Howell, p. 158.
t Howell, p. 260. E. T. Bill, p. 108. E. J. Eeoords, I. 149 ; II. 8, 26.

90 THE HISTORY OF
£39, to Benjamin Wade. John was one of the 80 As
sociates. He received, Mar. 28, 1676, a warrant for 100
acres ; and, July 9, 1686, another for 150 acres. Of this
last, 120 acres were located " on Raway River," bounded by
the river, " Pope's brook " [in the township of Springfield, near
Milltown],. and unoccupied land. The other 30 acres were
bounded by Jeffry Jones, William Johnstone, and " Common
Land." Of the first grant, a plot of 80 acres was bounded by
John Miles, Joseph Frazee, and unsurveyed land. He had
died in 17lf . He gave the name to " Pope's Corners." *
Benjamin PRicE-was from East Hampton. He came to
the Island, it is thought, with Lion Gardiner, in 1639. He
subscribed, as a witness, the deed, given, March 10, 16£$,
by James Farret, Lord Stirling's Agent, to Gardiner, for the
island that has ever since borne his name. He settled first
at Southampton ; but, in 1649, united with several of his
neighbors in settling East Hampton. He resided on the E.
side of the main street, not far from Gardiner, and the Rev.
Mr. James, and next to " the Parsonage-lot, in the hart
of the Towne." He took a leading part in town affairs ; was
appointee!, Oct. 7, 1651, Recorder, or Town Clerk ; and,
Aug. 1, 1660, was one of the Patentees of Montauk Point
He took an active part in furthering the emigration of so
many East Enders to this locality, and was held in honor by
his townsmen here. In 1675, he represented the town in the
House of Burgesses ; and was appointed, Dec. 13, 1682, one
of Gov. Rudyard's Council ; Feb. 4, 168f , Justice of the
Peace; Mar. 28, 1683, one of Gov. Lawrie's Council; and,
Jan. 29, 169f , one of the Judges of Small Causes. He out
lived the most of the founders, his death occurring after Aug.
30, 1705, when his will was made, and not later than Oct. 7,
1712, when it was admitted to probate.
The locality of his house-lot is not on record. He had 24
acres of upland, " along the Road Leading to the Point,"
adjoining his son, Daniel ; also, 50 acres of upland, adjoining
"Henry Lyon's House," the Town Creek, " a Little Creeke
* E. J. Records, II, 20 ; B. 870 ; L. 99, 197. E. T. Bill, p. 109. Thompson's L. I, II. &
Howell, pp. 806, 7.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 91
on which Henry Bakers Tannfatt stands," Margaret Baker,
John Woodruff, Leonard Headley, Ephraim Price, and Peter
Woolverton ; also, 20 acres of upland, on the Point road, ad
joining Margaret Baker ; also, 120 acres of upland near the
Great Meadow ; also, 9 acres of upland in the Great Meadow,
North of Capt. Young ; also, 8 acres of upland " on the Long
Meadow Island," on this side Rahway River; also 25 acres
of upland, on the Point road, adjoining Margaret Baker ;
also, 14 acres of meadow : in all 270 acres.
Benjamin, Jr., his son, was also one of the 80 Associates.
He was appointed, Aug. 22, 1695, one of the Justices of the
Peace. His house-lot contained six acres, bounded, S., and
E., by the highway ; W., by his brother, Thomas, and N.,
by Isaac Whitehead, Sen'. He had, also, 41 acres of upland,
bounded by Robert Bond, Joseph Bond, and unsurveyed
land ; also, 19 acres of upland, adjoining his father and un
surveyed land ; also, 14 acres of upland, adjoining his father
and Joseph Ogden ; also, 88 acres of upland " near the Gov
ernors point," bounded by his fat-her and Daniel DeHart ;
also, ten acres of upland, bounded by his father and Col.
Richard Townley ; also, two acres on " y° way to y° meadows,"
adjoining his father ; also, ten acres " of Salt Marsh in the
great Meadow ; " also 8 acres of meadow, " by the Long pond
& the forked Creek ; " also, six acres of meadow " on a creek,
called the Long Creek or fforked creek : " in all 200 acres.*
Evan Salsbuky, of whose origin nothing certain can now
be ascertained, was, probably, Carwithy's friend and asso
ciate, coming with him from the East End of Long Island.
His house-lot adjoined William Cramer, on the S. E. He
bought Cramer's house-lot, and his second lot-right ; but sold
the two, Dec. 26, 1670, to John Little, for £65. He is called
a " brickmaker," but was bred a carpenter, and had previ
ously, it is thought, followed the seas. Capt. John Young,
of Southold, L. I., sold him, Oct. 4, 1671, his shallop of 8
tons burden, " or there about," with all its appurtenances, the
• E. J. Records, II. 21 ; A. 169 ; C 5, 75, 171, 233 ; E. 119 ; L. 1, 19 ; O. 40, 105, 6, 7. E. T.
Bill, pp. 102, 9. Doe. His. ofN. Y., I. 6S0, 6. Thompson's L. I., 295, 9. Hedges' E. Hampton,
pp. 6, 82-4.

92 THE HISTORY OF
mast, sails, rigging, cable, anchor, &c, for " 18000 good Mer
chantable White Oak pipe Staves," a bond being given for
the payment, signed by Salsbury, Carwithy, and Cramer.
The witnesses were Benjamin Price and Joseph Sayre. It
is quite likely that he and Carwithy, who disappears from the
records about this time, became " coasters," and of uncertain
residence. Salsbury was here when the Dutch enrolment
was made in 1673, but no further mention of him is made*
Abraham Shotwell, whose original is not known, was cer
tainly in sympathy with the popular party of the town. In
the contentions between the people and Carteret, described
in succeeding pages, Shotwell was bold and outspoken
aga'nst the Governor's usurpations. He became the victim
of Carteret's wrath,'his house and grounds were confiscated,
and he himself driven into exile. His house-lot was "next
E. of -the mill." In July, 1683, it was thus described :
" Bounded on the North by the Land now in possession of
George Jewell and runs along by his Fence three Chains and
one third of a Chaine from thence running upon a South and
by West Line twelve Chains to the highway which Leads to
wards the Mill or meeting house from thence it runs by the
said highway westward three chains and one third part of a
chain and from thence it runs along by the highway that
leads from the Mill towards Newark upon a North and by
East Line Twelve chains Containing in all four acres. Also,
a small peece more Containing One Acre English measure
running by the highway which Leads from the Mill or meet
ing house Eastward three Chains and one third part of a
Chain from thence it runs downward to the Creek upon a
South and by West Line Three Chains & from thence it rims
away Westward as the Creek or highway runs, three Chains
and one third part of a Chaine and from thence it runs by the
highway which Leads from the Mill towards Newark upon a
North and by East Line three Chains." It is easy to iden
tify this property, as including the whole East Side of Broad
Bt from the stone bridge to a point 792 feet north of Elizth.
*E. J. Rooonls, I. 25-6, 59. E. T Bill, p. 107.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 93
Avenue. A most valuable piece of property. Shotwell re
tired to N. York, and appealed to the Lords Proprietors.
In the meantime, he returned to' his home, sustained by his
townsmen. His appeal was not sustained, and he was in
formed, by orders from the Proprietary Government, that he
¦ must depart the town, and, should he return, that he would
be subjected to severe indignities. His property was sold at
public auction, Aug. 25, 1675, for £12, to Thomas Blumfield,
carpenter, of Woodbridge, who resold it, a fortnight later,
for £14. to Gov. Carteret. It was on Shotwell's one acre lot
that the Governor is thought to have built his new house,
where he resided at the time of his decease. Shotwell ob
tained a grant of land from- the N. York government, and
died in exile. Daniel, who settled on Staten Island, was,
probably, his son. John, another son, married, at N. York,
Oct. 1679, Elizabeth Burton. After Carteret's removal and
death, John appealed to Gov. Rudyard, who restored him,
by order, May 29, .1683, the property that had been arbitra
rily wrested from his father. The Shotwell family settled
mostly in the S. and S. W. parts of the town.*
Michael Simpkin was from Stamford, Ct. Nicholas Sim-
kins, in 1634, was Capt of the Castle at Boston. Vincent
Simkins [Smiking], a son or brother, probably, of the Capt,
accompanied the early colonists to Wethersfield, and was one
of the Company that bought, Oct. 30, 1640, Rippowams
[Stamford] from the New Haven people, where he married,
1641, Mary, a daughter of Henry Ackerly. Pie had, at least,
two sons, Daniel and John ; most likely, Michael, also. He
had died in 1656. Daniel settled in Bedford, N. Y., and
John, with his widowed mother, removed to this town, where
the mother, soon after, became the wife of William Oliver.
He had an allotment of 80 acres of upland, on the W. brook,
bounded by William Cramer and William Oliver, a swamp
and the two mile brook ; also, 4 acres of meadow adjoining
Aaron Thompson; also 3 acres of meadow on "Rawack
River ; " also 2 acres of meadow adjoining Jacob Melyen
* E. J. Records, II. 19 ; III. 64 ; A. 41 ; L. 1, 4. E. T. Bill, p. 110. N. Y. Land Calendar,
p. 309. N. Y. Marriages, p. 849.

94 THE HISTORY OF
and George Pack : in all 89 acres. John died unmarried
before Sep., 1679, and his mother administered on his estate.
Michael must have died soon after his coming, as no further
mention of him is found.*
Humphry Spinage [Spinning] was from New Haven,
Ct. He was a nephew of Goodman Humphrey Spinage, one
of the original settlers of New Haven, and one of the party
that attempted to plant a colony on the Delaware, in 1651.
The nephew took the oath of fidelity at New Haven, April 7,
1657 ; and, Oct. 14, 1657, married Abigail, the 3d daughter
of George and Mary Hubbard of Guilford, and sister of Han
nah, the wife of Jacob Melyen. George Hubbard came from
England about 1635, and was one of the early settlers of
Wethersfield, Ct He removed, in 1644, to Milford, and, in •
1648, to Guilford. The house-lot of Humphrey Spinning
contained four acres, 12 by 4 chains, and was bounded, N. E.,
and E., by the rear of the house-lots of his brother-in-law,
Jacob Melyen, William Johnson, and John Winans ; and, on
every other side, by a highway. He had, also, 12 acres of
upland " on the Neck," bounded by Jeffry Jones, William
Johnson, the meadows, and a highway ; also, 80 acres of up
land, " by Peach Garden Hill," bounded by Jacob Melyen,
Charles Tucker, Peach Garden brook, and his own meadow ;
also, 40 acres of upland, on the S. side of the branch of Elizth.
River, bounded by Thomas Moore, John Winans, the plain
and Elizabeth Creek ; also 60 acres on the N. side of the
branch, bounded by Benjamin Wade, Thomas Moore, the
plain, and " the said River into Cranberry meadow ; " also,
7 acres of meadow on Peach Garden brook ; also 6 acres of
meadow on Elizth. Creek; also, 9 acres on "the Point of
Rawack Neck : " in all, 218 acres. He died, Sept., 1689,
leaving an estate, valued at £223. 8. O.f
Thomas Tomson [Thompson] was one of the founders of
East Hampton, L. I., in 1649, having come from Lynn, Mass.,
by way of New London, Ct. At E. Hampton, he resided on
* Hlnman's P. S. Ct., I. 232. Savage, IV. 101. E. J. Records, II. 41, 102 ; 24, o. e.; HI.
159'. E. T. Bill, p. 109.
t N. H. Col. Records, L 26, 140, 202, 411. Savago ,IV. 150. Ohapin's Glastenbury, p. 172.
E. J. Records, II. 19, 86. E. T. Bill, pp. 105, 118.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 95
the W. side of the street, near Robert Bond and the two Mul-
fords. Goodman Thompson was one of the Deputies of
Elizabeth-Town in the Legislature of 1672. He was active in
opposing the .arbitrary measures of Gov. Carteret, and was
mulcted for his patriotism. His house-lot contained six acres,
bounded, N., and S., by Barnabas Wines ; W., by a highway ;
and E., by the Mill Creek. He had, also, 18 acres of upland,
",on Luke Watson's Neck," bounded by Jacob Melyen, David
Ogden, and a highway ; also, 52 acres of upland, bounded by
Stephen Crane, Dennis White, George Pack, and his own
land ; also, 20 acres of upland adjoining the last, bounded
by his son Hur, Joseph Sayre, George Pack, and unsurveyed
land ; also, 4 acres " in Rawack Meadow ; " also 18 acres of
meadow on a creek, which was named for him, "Thompson's
Creek," and since, "Moris Creek:" in all 118 acres. His
three sons, also, were among the original Associates. Moses,
who took the oath in Feb. 166|, had a warrant for 180 acres,
but the survey is not on record. Aaron, came into posses
sion of the homestead, at his father's death, Sept 1676, and
had a warrant for 60 acres, in his own right, of which no
return was made. HuRhad a house-lot, containing four acres,
bounded, S., and E., by a highway ; N., by Thomas Osborn ;
and E., by unsurveyed land. He had, also, 12 acres of up
land, bounded by Leonard Headley, Joseph Osborn, John
Wilson', and a highway ; also 45 acres of upland, bounded
by Joseph Sayre, 2 small brooks, and unsurveyed land ; also,
40 acres of upland, bounded by Benjamin Meeker, a small
brook, and the Common ; also 45 acres of upland, bounded
by William Pardon, a small brook, the West brook, and un
surveyed land ; also 6 acres of meadow on the Bay, 4 acres
on Woodruff's Creek, and 10 acres more ; in all 161 acres.
The father's estate, at his death, was valued at £152. 15. 6.*
William Tkotter came from Newbury, Mass. It may
have been at his suggestion, that so many of his former towns
men came on, in the course of 1666-7, and settled the town
of Woodbridge. His house-lot contained four acres, bounded,
* Hedges' E. Hamplon, pp. 4, 44. E. J. Eecords, II, 21, 24, 29, 104; 26, o. e. E. T. Bill,
pp. 104, 5.

96 THE HISTORY OF
E., and W., by a highway ; S., by Peter Morse ; and N, by
Stephen Crane ; also, an addition of two acres, bounded, E.,
by the river, and on the other sides, as the house-lot ; also,
13 acres of upland, bounded, N, and W., by Robert Morse;
S., and E., by "Elizabeth Town brook ; " also, 138 acres of
upland, bounded by William Broadwell, a swamp, and un
surveyed land; also, 23 acres of meadow in " the Common
Meadow : " in all, 180 acres. In 1676, he had died. His
name was given to a bridge in the northern part of the town
plot* Chaeles Tucker [Tookee] was, also, a New Englander,
coming hither, with the East Enders of Long Island. His
parentage has not been determined. He was, probably, the
son (or may have been the brother) of John Tooker of South-
old, residing, as early as 1655, in that part of the town that
was called River head, originally from the vicinity of Boston,
Mass., and made a freeman at Southold, Oct. 9, 1662. Charles
had a house-lot, containing eight acres, bounded, N., by the
highway ; E., by William Oliver ; W., by Caleb Carwithy ;
and, S., by " the Swamp in Common ; " also, 21 acres of
meadow on Thompson's Creek, and adjoining " the great
Island." He had, at first, a plot of upland containing 86
acres ; but, as this was found, by survey, to be included in
Jacob Melyen's allotment, he obtained, in lieu, 69, acres of
upland on the two mile brook ; he had, also, a parcel of land,
called, " Peach Garden Hill," containing 86 acres, bounded
by Capt. John Baker, Humphrey Spinage, Peach Garden
brook and the Common : in all, 184 acres. f
Nathaniel Tuttle [Tuthill] was from Southold, L. I.
His father, John Tuthill, and uncle, William, were from
Norfolkshire, Eng. The latter came over, in 1635, in the
"Planter," landing at Boston. The two broth era settled at
New Haven, in 1639-40. John came to Southold, in 1641,
with the Rev. John Youngs. In 1647, he was one of the
four patentees of Oyster Ponds, L. I. Nathaniel came here
with the first emigration, probably a young and unmarried
* Savage, IV. 882. Coffln-s Newbury, pp. 62, 116. E. J. Records, II. 50; L. 85.
t E. J. Records, 1. 177 ; II. 8. 22. 88. E. T. Bill, p. 105. Thompson's L. I., I. 409.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 97
man. His house-lot contained six acres, bounded, N., by
William Pardon ; E., by the Mill Creek ; S. E., by Aaron
Thompson, and Barnabas Wines, a small hollow and a high
way lying between; W., and S., another highway. He had,
also, 12 acres of upland, on the VS. side of Crane's brook,
adjoining Richard Beach ; also, 34 acres of upland, adjoin
ing George Pack and William Pardon ; also, 75 acres, bound
ed by Richard Beach, William Pardon, Stephen Crane, Rob
ert Morse, and the Mill Creek ; also, 6 acres on " the great
River " [the Sound], near " the Points of Rawack ; " also,
20 acres of meadow on the W. of Thompson's Creek ; in
all 153 acres. At his death, Feb., 169|-, his estate was valued
at £107. 3. 0.*
Robert Vauquellin, and his wife, came over with Gov.
Carteret, in the ship Philip, landing, July 29, 1665, at New
York. He was a native of the city of Caen, Lower Nor
mandy, France ; -and a grandson, doubtless, of Jean Van-.
quelin de la Fresnaye, Lieut. General of the Bailiwick of
Caen, and Chief Justice of that country, whose decease oc
curred, 1606, in his 71st year. Robert is styled, in the E.
Jersey Records, " Sieur des Prairies [de la Prairie] of the
city of Caen, France ; " whence he is commonly called, in
the Records and other documents of the day, " Laprairie." f
In modern histories, he is more frequently, but erroneously
called Van Quellin, as if he had been a Dutchman and not
a Frenchman. Jersey, the home of the Carteret family, was
inhabited principally by Frenchmen, and there, most prob
ably, Vauquellin resided before his emigration. He accom
panied Capt. Philip Carteret, Jan., 166f, to England, and,
Feb. 10, 166f, was appointed, by Berkeley and Carteret,
Surveyor General of their new domain in America. The
surveys, recorded in the E. J. Records, from 1675 to 1681, all
bear his signature, generally — " Ro Vauquellin," and some-
* E. J. Records, I. 160; II. 19, 24. E. T. Bill, p. 105. Savage, IV. 850. Thompson's L.
I., I. 874, 3S6.
t The varieties of orthography at this period are shown by the fact, that this name was
written in at least 22 different ways : Vauquelin, Vauquellin, Vauguellin, Van Quellin, Van-
quillen, Voclin (as pronounced), Voclan, Vorklain, La Prairie, La pi-airy,' La prarij, Laparary,
La prerie, La Prie , La priere, Leprary, Liprary, Delaprary, Delepray, Deleprierre, Delapairs,
and Delapierre. 7

98 THE HISTORY OF
times, "La Prairie." He was appointed, Feb. 2, 166|, one
of Carteret's Council, and adhered faithfully to the Gover
nor's party and interests. Though admitted by the town as
one of the 80 Associates, he had scarcely any interest in
common with these sturdy Puritans.
He had a warrant for 300 acres of land " in Right of him
and his wife that came with the Governor." He had a
house-lot, containing 12 acres, 30 by 4 chains, bounded, E.,
by Philip Carteret, Esq., and Richard Pewtinger ; W., by
William Pardon, Joseph Meeker, Benjamin Meeker and
George Morris ; S., by a highway ; and, N., by his own
land ; also, 8 acres of upland or swamp, bounded by George
Morris, Richard Pewtinger, Henry Norris, and a highway ;
also 4 acres of upland " near the Govr point, on the S. Side
of Math. Hatfeilds Line ; " also, 40 acres of upland, bounded
by John Woodruff, Benjamin Parkhurst, Samuel Moore,
George Morris, and a highway ; also, 40 aeres of upland " at
Rawack," bounded by Simon Rouse, Samuel Marsh, Jr., un
surveyed land, a small brook, and " Rawack river ; " also,
40 acres of upland, " at the two mile brook ; " also, 27 acres
of upland, bounded by Leonard Headley, Joseph Sayre, Isaac
Whitehead, Joseph Meeker, unsurveyed land, and the Mill
Creek ; also, 4 acres of meadow, on E. T. Creek, 4 acres on
"Rawack River," and 12 acres "on a small branch in
Rawack River : " in all, 191 acres. A caveat, or protest,
was entered by Benjamin Price, against the four acres ad
joining Matthias Hatfield. He was naturalized, Mar. 8,
1669-70. Finding, at length, that the puritanic townsmen,
with whom he was compelled to associate, were any thing
but congenial company, he concluded to change his res
idence. In 1678, he had removed to Woodbridge. He
obtained, Feb. 4, 1681, a warrant for 200 acres of Land
and Meadow on the Raritan, for himself, " in Right of
two men Servants and one Woman viz. Elizabeth Hallard,
Edward fox & Francis the Spaniard ; " also, shortly after,
another warrant for 500 acres on the Raritan. He had
obtained a Patent for 175 acres in Woodbridge, as early
as Dec. 20, 1669. He received a warrant, Mar. 10, 168f,

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 99
for 200 more acres adjoining his own land in Wood-
bridge. After this no further mention is made of him
in the Records. In 1681, he was succeeded by John Reid,
as Survej'or General.*
Dennis White was from Southampton, L. I. John White,
the first settler of this name th6re, was at Lynn, Mass., in
1630, and at Southampton in 1647. Dennis was either his
son, or his brother. He had a house-lot, containing nine
acres, bounded, E., by Thomas Moore, Matthias Hatfield,
and unsurveyed land ; S. S. E., by Jonas Wood ; W., and
N. W., by highways. He had, also, 90 acres of upland, ad
joining Aaron Thompson ; also, 12 acres of meadow : in all,
101 acres. In 1675, this property had come into the pos
session of Gov. Carteret. It is likely, therefore, that Dennis
White had removed from the town previous to that date, as
nothing more is heard of him. Robert White (his brother,
it is thought), was also numbered among the 80 Associates,
and had come in at an early date. His house-lot contained
8 acres, bounded S. W., by Roger Lambert ; N. E., by John
Little ; S. E., by William Letts ; and N. W., by a highway.
He had, also, 50 acres of upland, bounded "by a little brook
& a highway that goes to Woodbridge," John Winans, his
own land, unsurveyed land, and the mile brook; also, 34
acres of upland adjoining Jonas Wood; also, 4 acres of
swamp, and 12 acres of meadow : in all, 108 acres, granted
him, " in Right of himself his wife & Daughter." The
latter, whose name was Ann, was old enough in March, 167|-
to be married. His wife Agatha had become a widow in
1688.f Isaac Whitehead was of the New Haven Company of im
migrants. He was the son of John, one of the founders of
N. Haven. Isaac was a planter there, as early as 1643, and
took the oath of fidelity Mar. 7, 164f. He resided on the E.
side, next the sea, beyond the Cove River. He came hither
with a wife and 7 children. He was chosen the first Town
* Moreri's His. Die. of 1740, VIII. torn. ii. 49. E. J. Records, 1. 15, 107, 139, 239 ; II. 3, 91,
182,148; o.e. 22; III. 7,167 ; L. 189. E. T.Bill, p. 109.
t Savage, IV. 310. Thompson's L. I., I. 327. Howell, pp. 15, 89, 98, 286, 7. E. J. Eecords, I.
163; o.o. 1; II. 3, 19, 51, 73; o. e. 4; B. 8S3, 4; C C 64. E. T. B.U, pp. 106, 110.

100 THE HISTORY OF
Clerk, and served as such until his death. Ho was appointed,
Mar. 22, 16||, Captain of the Military Company ; also, Mar.
28, 1683, one of the Judges of Small Causes ; also, in 1686 ;
also, Dec. 3, 1683, Coroner of the County. He had a house-
lot, containing six acres, bounded, S. E., by Nathaniel Bon
nell ; N. W., by his son, Isaac ; N. E., by his own land ; and,
S. W., by a highway. He had, also, 18 acres of upland,
bounded by his son, Isaac, Benjamin Price, Jr., Nathaniel
Bonnell, and his own house-lot ; also, 12 acres of upland, " at
the W. side of the plain," bounded by Robert Vauquellin,
Samuel Hopkins, and Joseph Meeker ; also, 20 acres of up
land, on " the Long Neck," bounded by Robert Bond, Benja
min Price, Jr., Nicholas Carter, and Henry Lyon ; also, 45
acres of upland, adjoining Benjamin Meeker and Henry
Lyon ; also, 55 acres of upland, " at the great pond," bounded
by Rev. Jeremiah Peck, Henry Lyon, and " the Sinking
Marsh ; " also, 8 acres of meadow on Woodruffs creek; also,
10 acres of meadow on " Arthur Cull's bay ; " also, 3|- acres
of meadow, on E. T. Creek : in all 177|- acres. His decease
occurred in Feb. 169-^.
His eldest son, Isaac, born at New Haven, Nov. 20, 1652,
was bred a cordwainer, and early became one of the Asso
ciates. He, too, was held in much consideration ; he became,
Nov. 4, 1693, captain of the militia; was appointed, Sep.
16, 1692, Sheriff of the town; also, Jan. 29, 169|. one of the
Judges of Small Causes ; also, April 1, 1693, Coroner for the
County ; and, Aug- 22, 1695, a Justice of the Peace for Essex.
He had a house-lot containing four acres, bounded, E., by his
father, and on the other sides by highways ; also another
house-lot, of six acres, bounded, N, and W., by his father;
'E., by Thomas Price ; and, S., by a highway ; also, 64 acres
of upland, " on the East Side of the Mill Creek of Elizabeth ¦
Town," bounded by Jonathan Ogden, John Ogden, Jr., and
Baltus DeHart ; also, 65 acres of upland, " to the North
ward of the Spring hill," bounded by Henry Lyon, and Mar
garet Baker ; also, 35 acres of upland, " on the North side of
the Country road to Woodbridge," bouncled by John Toe,
James Hinds, Robert White, and Roger Lambert ; also, 6

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 101
acres of fresh meadow, adjoining John Woodruff; also 20
acres of meadow, a part " on Sloping Creek," and another
part on " Oyster Creek : " in all 200 acres. He died, July 1,
1724*
John Winans [Wynes,. Waynes, Winons, Winnons, Wy-
nons, Wynens, Wynans, Wynnings] was, doubtless, of the
company that came from the East End of Long Island. It is
quite likely, that he was of the same family with Barnabas
Wines, their names being frequently spelt alike. He was
bred a weaver — a handicraft, in great request at that early
day. He had a house-lot, containing 5 acres, 10 by 5 chains,
bounded, N., by Jacob Melyen ; W., by Humphrey Spinage ;
and, S., and E., by highways. He had, also, 16 acres of up
land, "on the Neck," between Matthias Hatfield and Samuel
Marsh, Senr ; also, 120 acres of upland, " on Peach Garden
brook,v bounded by Robert Morse, Matthias Hatfield, Robert
White, and unsurveyed land ; also, 40 acres of land, on " the
S. branch of Elizabeth Creek or River," bounded by Hum
phrey Spinage, Matthias Hatfield, and the plain ; also, 4
acres of meadow, " at Rawack," and 6 acres on Elizabeth
Creek: in all 200 acres. When his next neighbor, Jacob
Melyen, had removed to New York, Winans bought, Feb. 8,
167^, his house-lot, house, barn, orchard, &c. He died at
the close of 1694. His estate was valued at £271. 15. 8. f
Barnabas Wines [Wynes, Winds] was from Southold, L. I.
He was the son of Goodman Barnabas, who was made, May 6,
1635, a freeman of Watertown, Mass., sold out in 1642, and
removed to Southold, where Barnabas, Jr., was made a free
man in 1664. His brother, Samuel, remained with his father,
but he himself joined the Achter Kol band of emigrants and
came here in 1665. His house-lot contained six acres,
bounded, N., by Aaron Thompson ; S., by William Cramer;
E., by the Mill River ; and, W., by a highway ; also, two
acres of upland, adjoining Aaron Thompson ; also, four acres
of upland, " at Luke Watson's point ; " also, 30 acres of up-
* N. H. Col. Records, I! 94, 122, 125, 139, 484, 446, 459. Savage, IV. 51R ' E. J. Records,.
II. 18, 94;o.e. 24; C. 13, 106, 150, 173, 233; E. 46,117; L. 76; 0. 104, 8, 117. E. T. Bill, pp..
83, 4, 103. ' ¦
t E. J. Records, I. 108, 161 ; II. 22, 37 ; D. 197. E. T. Bill, p. 105.

102 THE HISTORY OF
land "in a Swamp between Richard Beach and William
Cramer ; " also, 86 acres of upland, bounded by Nicholas
Carter, George Pack, Francis Barber, and unsurveyed land ;
also, 12 acres of upland, " Joyning to the Calf pasture," and
George Ross ; also, six acres of meadow at Thompson's
Creek ; also six acres of meadow at the S. side of E. T. Creek,
and 12 acres by " the boggish meadow ; " in all, 164 acres* ,
Peter Wolverson [Wolferzen, Wolpheetsen] Van Cou-
wenhoven was a genuine Hollander, from New Amsterdam.
He was born at Amersfoort in Utrecht, Holland ; and was
a step-son of Wolfert Gerritsen, who emigrated to New
Netherland, in 1630, as overseer of Kilian Van Rensselaer's
colony, at Rensselaerwyck, near Fort Orange. Gerritsen,
in 1633, entered the Company's service, and removed to
New Amsterdam. Three years afterwards he took up his
abode at New Amersfoort, or Flatlands, L. I., of which he
was one of the founders. Young Wolferzen, in 1639, or earlier,
came to New Amsterdam, where, at that time, he contracted
to build a house for Thomas Hall. The next year, Dec. 2,
1640, he married Hester Symbns, a native of Amsterdam,
but then of New York. His brother, Jacob, also a resident
of New Amsterdam, erected, in 1645, a brewery in Stone st.
Peter, too, became a brewer, and a general trader, first in
company with his brother, and then by himself, at the N. W.
corner of Whitehall and Pearl sts. He served one term of
two years, and four terms of a year each, as one of the "Wor
shipful Schepens " of the city. In March, 1655, he was ap
pointed City Surveyor ; also, June 30, 1663, a lieutenant of
the military company, of which Martin Kregier was Captain.
As such he did good service in the Esopus War, in the latter
part of 1663, of which Kregier published a detailed narra
tive. After the English conquest, Wolferzen had some difficulty
with the Court of Assizes, and concluded to unite with his
friends, John Ogden and Capt. Baker, in founding their new
colony. In Nov. 1665, his wife having died, lie married
* N. H. Col. Records, I. 97, 292, 400. Savago, IV. 598. Hinman's P. S. Ct, I. 19S. E. J.
Records,' II. 22. 90 ; o. e. 11.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 103
Alice Sybrants, of French extraction, with whom he removed
at once to his new home. She died, the following year, in
giving birth to her son, Peter, and was buried at New York.
Her child was baptized, in the Dutch Church, Feb. 27, 1669.
In the list of Associates, he is called, " Peter Couenhoven."
Having built a brewery, he obtained, from Gov. Carteret, a
license " for the keeping of an Ordinary in Elizabeth Towne
and for the selling and retailing of all sorts of drink and
strong Liquors," for one year from Sep. 29, 1666. To meet
his expenditures, he borrowed, July 12, 1667, of the Gov
ernor, " 2727 gilders 17 stivers ; " mortgaging, as he says —
"all my Land dwelling hows and out-houses, Brewhows,
Copper and all other appurtenances thereunto belonging, to
gether With all my goods and cattle moveable and unmovea-
ble that I now have or may hereafter have in Elizabeth
Towne." When the Dutch reconquered New York, Wolfer
zen returned to the City, and Carteret came, by foreclosure,
into possession of the property. He is said to have been
" well-versed in the Indian language."
He was entitled to 480 acres, for which the Governor is
sued a warrant, Mar. 14, 1675, to himself. Of this amount,
200 acres were surveyed, April 14, 1677, as follows : The
house-lot, " formerly belonging to Peter Woolverson," con
tained eight acres, " being a Triangle peice," near John
Woodruffs landing, by a small creek ; also, 40 acres of up
land, on the Neck, bounded, S. W., " by the highway that
goes to the point, and all round by Governor Philip Carteret's
Land;" also, 152 acres of upland "towards the plaine"
bounded by Daniel DeHart, Elizabeth Creek, Leonard Head-
ley, and unsurveyed land ; also, 3 acres of meadow, adjoining
the house-lot, on Elizabeth Creek ; also, 6 acres of meadow
on " the bay of Kill van Kull," and 15 -acres of meadow on
Oyster Creek and the great pond : in all, 224 acres.*
Jonas Wood, and his wife Elizabeth, were neighbors of
John Ogden, in 1652, at North Sea, or Northampton, in the
* Valentino's N. Y., pp.' 89, 90. O'Callaghan's N Neth., II. 476, 9, 500. Brodhead's N. Y. ,
I. 353, 543, 571, 712-4. Doc. His. of N. Y., IV. 47-39. Valentine's Man. for 1852, pp. 898-5.
Alb. Records, 1. 156, 223 ; II. 4 ; IV. 193 ; X. 170, 893 ; XXIII. 277. E. J. Records, 1. 167 ; II.
19, 50, 5 ; III. 10, 11. E. T. Bill, p. 109. Riker's Newtown, pp. 55, 360, 1. •

104 THE HISTORY OF
town of Southampton, L. I. Jonas and Edward Wood were
members of the church at Watertown, Mass., in 1635; and,
with John Strickland and others, were dismissed, May 29,
1635, to plant a colony on the Connecticut river, to which
they gave the name of " Wethersfield." In 1640, Jonas, Ed
ward, Jeremiah, and Jonas, Jr. removed from Wethers
field, and, with others, settled Rippowams [Stamford], Ct.
Jonas and Edward are thought to have been brothers, and
the other two their sons. In the spring of 1644, they joined
the colony that crossed over to Long Island, and settled
Hempstead, Jonas being one of the patentees. Jonas, and
Jonas, Jr., subsequently settled at Huntington, L. I., and
were both living there in 1675. The Jonas, therefore, who
accompanied John Ogden to Northampton, and, in 1665, to
this town, must have been a son of Edward, and a cousin of
Jonas, Jr., supposing the latter, as is most natural, to have
been the son of Jonas, Senr — there being three persons, con
temporaneous, bearing the same name, and thus occasioning
confusion in tracing their genealogy. He appears to have
been much respected by his townsmen here. He received
license, July 10, 1679, to keep an ordinary, and was chosen,
Nov. 3, 1693, and again in 1694, a Deputy to represent the
town in the Legislature.
He had a house-lot, containing six acres, bounded, N. W.,
by Richard Mitchell; S. W., by William Letts; S. E., by
the highway ; and, N. E., by Samuel Marsh, Sen . He had,
also, 9 acres of upland, bounded by William Oliver, Charles
Tucker, Richard Clarke, and George Ross ; also, 3 acres of
upland, adjoining Dennis White and the Common ; also, 150
acres of upland " at Rahawack," adjoining Jeffry Jones and
Capt. John Baker ; also, 50 acres of upland, " a Ridge of
Land between two Swamps," adjoining Robert White and
the Common ; also six acres of meadow, on Elizabeth Creek,
bounded by William Johnson, William Cramer, and Richard
Clark; also, 14 acres of meadow adjoining his upland at
"Rahawack;" and 10 acres of meadow on "Rahawack
River : " in all, 228 acres. Several of these parcels he ex
changed, May 29, 1678, with Simon Rouse. In company with

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 105
his son, Samuel, he purchased, June 24, 1686, several parcels
of Robert Morse ; and sold, Aug. 25, 1686, a part of his patent ;
also, June 29, 1687, 100 acres to " Andrise Price Gaer of
E. T. ;" and, Oct. 17,1688, the half of his house-lot to James
Emott Esq., a new comer in 1683.*
John Woodkuff [Woodrofe] was of the Southampton
colony. He was the son of John Woodruff, who was living,
1657, on the E. side of the street, between Thomas Burnett
and John Foster. The father .died, at Southampton, in May,
1670. In his Will, May 4, 1670, is this bequest: "I give
unto my Eldest son John Woodruff of Elizabeth Town one
halfe Crowne piece of Money in full of all portions & Pat
rimony whatsoever, to be expected from mee, or out of any
part of my Estate." At the close of the Will, he says — " I
by this make my Wife Anne Woodruff and my youngest son
John Woodruff joynt Executors of this my Last Will and
Testament." Here are two sons of the same father named
"John." Were they children of the same mother, also? Or
was one of them an adopted son ? f His daughter, Elizabeth,
was married to a son of Ralph Dayton (probably, Robert) of
East Hampton. His daughter, Anne, was married to a son
of Robert Wooley. The emigrant son brought with him, to
this town, his wife, Mary, with " two men and a maid ser
vant." His children were born after his arrival. He was
appointed Constable of the town, Dec. 11, 1674, Ensign,
July 15, 1675, and Sheriff of the County, Nov. 28, 1684."
His house-lot contained but 1% acres, bounded, W., by
John Ogden, and, on the other sides, by highways. He had,
also. " a Farme contg Two Hundred Ninety two Acres,"
since known as " Woodruff's. Farms," bounded, N., and W.,
by a great Swamp ; E., by the Common Meadow ; and, S.,
by a small brook and John Parker ; also, 14 acres on the
North Neck ; also, 5 acres bounded by the Common Pasture,
* Ct. Col. Records, I. 2, 172, 4, 390, 2, 276, 2S1, 8, 879, 3S0, 403. Chapin's Glastonbury,
pp. 27, 47. Hinman's P. S. of Ct., I. 18, 232, 465. Thompson's L. I., I. 830, 467; II. 5, 6, 105.
Howell, p. 805. E. J. Eecords, I. 76, 109, 154 ; II. 21, 80 ; III. 153 ; B. 46, 121, 132; D. 4S.
E. T. Bill, p. 105.
t A similar case is related in the Shattuck family of Saybrook, Ct., at; this same period.
Shattuck Memorial, p. 72.

106 THE HISTORY OF
his own land, a small brook, and Leonard Headley ; also, 8
acres of upland, bounded by the Governor, and Jonathan
and Joseph Ogden's house-lots ; also, 6 acres of upland join
ing John Parker's house-lot " at the Farmes," bounded by
John Parker, the Common Swamp, John Wilson, and his
own land, "through which a way must be Left for John
Parker to pass through to his Plantation ; " also, 30 acres of
meadow, joining the great Island and his own land ; also,
4 acres of meadow adjoining the above ; and 5£ acres of
meadow on E. Town Creek : in all, 320 acres. Still later
he obtained 120 acres more : an island or hammock in the
great Meadow, containing 36 acres ; also, 22 acres by the
brook in the swamp ; also, 30 acres of hassocks adjoining
George Morris ; also, 14 acres of hassocks adjoining John
Parker ; also, 9 acres of meadow on Oyster Creek ; also,
five acres of meadow on the Bay ; and four acres on Forked
Creek.* Captn Thomas Young and Cheistophee Young were from
Southold, L. I. They were sons of the Rev. John Youngs,
the first pastor of the Southold Church. The father was born
in 1602, and Joan, his wife, in 1603. They married early,
and had six children in 1637 : — John, Thomas, Anne, Rachel!,
Mary, and Joseph. Christopher was born at a later date.
John Young, in 1637, was the minister of'" St. Margretts,
Suff." in England. They sought, May 11, "to passe fo
Salam in New England to inhabitt ; " but leave was refused.
Three years later they succeeded, and, with some of their
church, came to New Haven, whence they crossed to Long
Island, and founded Southold. John and Thomas were both
mariners, in command of coasters. Thomas was born, 1627,
in England, and married, at Southold, Rebecca,- a daughter
of Thomas Mapes. In 1654, he removed to Oyster Bay.
His wife died, and he married, 1658, Sarah, a daughter of
John Frost.
It is quite probable, that it was in Capt. Thomas Young's
vessel, that the first colonists from the towns on the East
* N. Y. Book of Wills, 1. 131 . nowell, p. 803. E. J. Records, 1. 150 ; II. 14, 25 ; IIL 20.
23, 105' A. 406 ; O. 87 ; L. 103, 4. E. T. BUI, p. 102.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 107
End of Long Island removed to this place ; and, in the
same way, others afterwards came, encouraged by the good
reports brought them, by Capt. Young, of the new home so
happily found by their old neighbors.
His name heads the list of those who took the oath of
allegiance, Feb., 166f. On the 12th of the same month, he
was appointed one of the Governor's Council. Two days
afterwards, John Day, Cooper of E. Town, binds himself as
a servant to Capt. Philip Carteret, and Capt Thomas Young,
of E. Town, for two years, in the craft or trade of a Cooper,
to receive " competent meat Drink and house-room," and
" the halfe pte of What Coopers Work he shall doe and
earne." By Indenture, Mar. 25, 1672, Sewanam, a Long
Island Indian, binds himself to " Thomas Young of Elizabeth
Town, mariner," as bis servant, for four years, " about the
House or Family or abroad whether by Land or Water,"
on condition of being supplied " with sufficient Meat Drink
and Clothes Washing and Lodging according to his Rank
and Quality," to receive for his services a Mare, and, " after
the first voyage to Europe or Barbados, one suit of apparel."
It thus appears that Capt. Young was in the European and
West India trade, and quite a venturesome navigator for
the times.
He had a warrant for 240 acres of land, of which only
112 acres are described : 100 acres, at Young's point, bound
ed on three sides by Sir George and Philip Carteret, a
great pond, and unsurveyed land ; and on the other side by
meadow; one line running " along the meadow till it comes
to a point of land Near the Indian wigwam ; " also, 12 acres
of meadow contiguous to the above, the great pond, and
the swampy meadows. The locality was chosen, doubtless,
because of his sea-faring pursuits. It was at the junction of
Achter Kol Sound, and Newark Bay, a point of land then call
ed " Thomas Young's Point," but, in later years " De Hart's
Point," about a mile N. from the Governor's or " Old Point,"
where the Carterets had most of the land. A lot of land
was laid out for him, in 1676, on the S. side of Staten Island,
N. E. of "Seedar Poynte." His brother, Christopher, sold

108 THE HISTORY OF
Nov. 20, 1667, all his accommodations, at E. Town, being a
first lot-right, and a house-lot of four acres (bounded, S., by
George Pack ; N, by the Common ; W., " by the highway
that goeth to Woodbridge ; " and E. by another highway),
to Dennis White, for £10. On the 8th of June following,
White assigned it to Young again, by whom, not long after
wards, it was sold to John Little. Neither of the brothers
became permanent residents here. Capt. Thomas returned
to Oyster Bay, where he rested from his earthly pilgrimage,
in 1689. Christopher returned to the Island, and settled at
Southold, his former home, where he was living in 1675, and
1683.* Benjamin Concklin came with his East-Hampton neigh
bors, but, for some unexplained cause, soon after returned
to his former home. Joseph and Joshua Conklin, of the
same lineage, came here some forty years later, and found
ed the Conklin family of this town. They were probably
children or grandchildren of the Benjamin here noticed." f
Roderick Powell was a servant, and, in the May fol
lowing, having run away from his master, is described as
" a pittifnl fellow." A Richard Powell of another lineage,
doubtless, was here, only a few years later, to whom the
Governor sold, Jan. 167^, his Woodbridge lands, taking
Powell's E. T. house and lands in exchange, and selling the
latter, soon after, to Henry Lyon. %
Jacob Clais, Zackeey Graves, Moses Peterson, and
Thomas Skillman, who all took the oath, were either tran
sient persons, or were mere laborers, and not freeholders.
Three other names, at least, are to be added to the list
of those who were settlers during the first year — James
Bollen, Robert Sealey, and Philip Carteret.
James Bollen came over, it is thought, with the English
fleet in 1664. As he was styled " Capt," he may have
* 4 Mass. His. Soc. Coll., I. 101; II. 3S3. Thompson's L. I., I. S95; II. 881-3. E.J.
Records, 1. 1, 25, 6; II. 18, 105 ; o. e. 26; III. 7, 8. E. T. Bill, pp. 61, .109, 110. N. York
Doc. History, II. 451, 5, 536.
t Hedges' E. nampton, pp. 4, 63. Thompson's L. I„ I. 295, 810. Littoll's Passaic Valley,'
pp. 83-90, 000-1. { E. J. Records, I. 93, 131 ; III. 8.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 109
been in command of one of the vessels. Col. Nicolls ap
pointed him " Commissary of the Ammunition," at New
York. He was one of those who were deputed by Nicolls,
to receive the surrender of the fort at New Amsterdam,
Sep. 8, 1664. He remained at New York until Aug. 1665.
In the Court Records for that year, it appears, that he fre
quently served as Foreman of the Jury, his name being
written — " Bullaine," and " Balline-." When Capt. Carteret,
on his first voyage to America, arrived at " Newportes newes,
Virginia," he sent his dispatches, June 13, 1665, " to Capt.
James Bullaigne in New York;" indicating previous ac
quaintanceship, probably in the Island of Jersey, and, quite
likely, a French extraction for Bollen. He attached himself
to Gov. Carteret on his arrival at New York, and, as Secre
tary of the new Province, accompanied him,- in August, to
this town. He adhered, most rigidly, to the Governor
through his troublesome administration, and was rewarded
with' the entire confidence of his superior. He was appoint
ed Justice of the Peace, Jan. 20, 166-fj-, and, as such, officiated
in almost every instance in the marriage-services of the
period. He presided at the town meeting when the oath
of- allegiance was administered in February. He kept the
Records of the Proprietary Government, and several of the
earlv volumes are the work of his fingers. Becoming ex-
ceedingly obnoxious to the town, by his readiness to do all
the Governor's bidding in opposition to the people, he ex
changed properties, Sep. 30, 1673, with John Martin, of
Woodbridge, and thenceforward ceased to reside here. His
house-lot adjoined Abraham Shotwell's on the East. Martin
sold the property, Nov. 6, 1674, to Henry Lyon, who resold
it, May 1, 1675, " together with the Cow Yard Orchard or
Garden," to Carteret, for £30. He died, intestate, in March,
168f, having survived his friend, Carteret, but a few weeks.*
Robert Sealey [Seeley] came over, probably, with Win-
throp. He was at Watertown, Mass., in 1630 ; was employ
ed as Surveyor, in 1634 ; came to Wethersfield, Ct., in 1636 ;
* N.Y. Col. Docmts., II. 470; III. 293-300, 752. Valentine's Manual for 1852, pp. 4S3,
492, 5. 3 Mass. His. Soc. Coll., X. 52. E. J. Records, I. 89; III. 6; A. 1.

HO THE HISTORY OF
was a Lieutenant in the Pequot War of 1637 ; was one of
the first settlers of New Haven, in 1639 ; returned to Eng
land, about 1646 ; came back, and joined the Delaware
Colony, that was driven off by the Dutch, in 1651 ; had
command of the troops raised by New Haven to resist the
Dutch, in 1654 ; was at Saybrook, in 1662 ; was at Hunt
ington, L. I., and in charge of the militia, in 1663 ; and
was at New York, in 1664. The next year he united with
Ogden and others in settling this town. His house-lot con
tained six acres, bounded, N., by Rev. Jeremiah Peck;
W., by the Mill Creek ; E., by the highway ; and, S., by
" the Parson's house Lott." John and Nathaniel Seeley, of
Fairfield (1657), and Obadiah, of Stamford, Ct., it is thought,
were his sons, by his first wife. In December, 1666, he
married Nancy Walker, at New York. He died, intestate,
in Oct., 1668, and his widow sold, Nov. 2, 1668, his lands
and rights here, for £45, to Gov. Carteret. The latter re
sold it, Feb. 22, 1669-70, to one of his Old Jersey friends.
Claude Vallot, " of Champagne in the kingdom of France,"
who had come over with the Governor, and, having lived
here five years as one of Carteret's " menial servants," had,
12 days before been naturalized. In the list of Associates,
" Sealy Champain " is mentioned ; it should be, " Robert
Sealy, transferred to Claude Vallot of Champagne." Vallot
exchanged the property, Aug. 8, 1672, with Benjamin Park
hurst of Woodbridge, and thenceforward made the latter
place his home.*
Capt. Philip Caeteeet, the governor, is usually styled
" the brother " of Sir George Carteret. Philip, the brother
of Sir George, as stated on a previous page, died in 1665.
Consequently, the E. Town Philip could not be the Pro
prietor's brother. Nor could he be a brother-in-law. Lady
Elizabeth Carteret, the wife of Sir George, had also a brother,
Philip, but he died in 1662. The mother of Sir George
was Elizabeth Dumaresquo; and the mother of the Lady
* 3 Mass. nis. Soc. Coll., III. 143, 158. Bacon's New Haven, p. 315. Chapln's Glastenbury,
p. 46. N. Y. Marriages, p. 345. Savage, IV. 49. E. T. Bill, p. 108. E. J. Eecords, I. 6, 7;
II. 96. N. Y. Wills, I. 64. -

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. m
Elizabeth was Ann Dowse ; but Capt. Philip, the governor,
in his Will, speaks of his mother as "Rachel." Samuel
Maverick, one of the Royal Commissioners, who knew Gov.
Carteret intimately, says, June 29, 1669, " As Sir George
Carterett writes to his cosen, the present Gouernor." The
confusion may have been owing, in part, to the fact, that
each, of them was the son of a Helier Carteret. But the
father of Sir George was the great-grandson Df Edward,
and the father of Philip was the great-grandson of Edward's
brother, Richard ; so that Sir George was but the fourth
cousin of the governor.
Philip Carteret was the son of Helier De Carteret, At
torney General of Jersey, and of Rachel  . He was
the first born of his mother, his birth having occurred in
1639, the year after her marriage. As such, he became
Seigneur of the Manor of La Houque, Parish of St. Peter,
Jersey. He was the grandson of Peter De Carteret, Jurat
of the Royal Court of Jersey, whose father, Francis, was
the second son of Richard, Seigneur of the Manor of Vin-
cheles, and brother of Edward, the ancestor of Sir George.
Philip was forty years the junior of Sir George, being only
in his 26th year, full of the vigor and elasticity of early man
hood, when he embarked to seek his fortune in the New
World. His subsequent history is, elsewhere iii this narra
tive, related at length.
The family, and their friends in Jersey, were originally
French ; and the language, manners and customs of France
prevailed on the island. Most of those who came with Car
teret, in the ship " Philip," were, probably, from the Carteret
estates in Jersey, and of French origin. The family, as has
been seen, had been ardently devoted, throughout the Civil
War, to the fortunes of the house of Stuart, and were high in
the favor of the King, and the Duke of York.*
It appears, from this review, therefore, that the number of
planters, found here in February 166f, or, if not on the
ground, yet identified with the settlement, was about seventy.
* Collins' Peerage, (Ed. of 1785), IV. 821-8.

112 THE HISTORY OF
A large proportion, nearly all, had brought their wives with
them. Some of them had several children, also. A small
number were considerably in years. The most of them,
however, were young, vigorous, robust men, between the
ages of twenty-five and forty, — just the men to lay the foun
dations of iriany generations.
It further appears, that the town was actually settled be
fore the arrival of Gov. Carteret ; and that he, and the peo
ple whom he brought with him, had but a small share in
founding it. The current histories have generally left the
impression, that the first planters, with the exception of four
families, came over in the ship " Philip." Gordon says, that
Carteret " arrived with a company of thirty settlers, from
England, and established themselves at Elizabethtown." Dr.
Murray repeats the same story. Smith says, " With him
came about thirty people, some of them servants." So says
Whitehead; both of them drawing their information from
the Bill in Chancery ; which says, that he came " with above
thirty people, whereof some were servants and others free."
Mulford says, that, " in company with a number of persons
who were disposed to adventure as planters, he started from
England." Graham says, that he " arrived with a company
of thirty emigrants from England." Stearns calls them —
" thirty men, gentlemen and their servants." *
These thirty " men " were, part of them, worn en-servants.
The only gentlemen were Carteret and Vauquellin, the latter
of whom brought only his wife. The men-servants, as already
related were eighteen in number, belonging to Sir George
Carteret — " menial servants," as the Governor calls one of
them. The town was founded, not by Carteret, but by Ogden,
Watson, Baker, and their personal friends. The men, who
met here in town-meeting at the close of the winter of 1665-6,
were nearly all New England people, the most of whom had
come hither by the way of Long Island. The larger part had
been, for a while, residents of the three English towns on
* Gordon's N. J., p. 2S. Murray's Notes on E. T., p. IS. Smith's N J., p. 67. White
head's E. J„ p. 86. E. T. Bill, p, 23. Mulford's N. J.,p,18S. Graham's U. States (Am. Ed.),
I. 465. . Stearns' Newark, p. 9.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. H3
the east end of the Island, Southold, Southampton, and East
Hampton. Some of them had resided a short time, at Hemp
stead, Huntington, and Jamaica. Either then, or at a pre
vious day, they had come from the other side of Long Island
Sound, from Stamford, Fairfield, Milford, New Haven and
Guilford. Quite a number had come from Massachusetts
Bay by way of Wethersfield. In their various pilgrimages,
they had been, nearly all of them, associated together in the
settling of other plantations. They were neighbors and
friends, who had intermarried, and in other ways become
familiar one with another. When they met here, they met
as old acquaintances, — as one people.*
As truly, therefore, as in the case of Newark, Southold,
Southampton, East Hampton, Huntington, and Hempstead,
this town was of New England origin. Its founders were of
the old Puritan Stock, and brought with them, to these fer
tile shores, their Puritan religion, habits, manners, and cus
toms. They were of one mind and one heart. The only dis
turbing element among them came from abroad. With
Carteret and his company they had no congeniality, and al
most no sympathy. Though it has been charitably conjec
tured, " that the settlers brought here by Carteret were
mainly of Puritan faith," not a doubt can be entertained of
the erroneousness of the conjecture. Carteret's men, were
not properly immigrants. They were colonial agents, gov
ernmental officials, house-servants, and farm-laborers. A
large part of them were, probably, Roman Catholics; and
the- remainder, of the Church of England — the religion of the
Court, if such a Court could be said to have any religion.
These were not the men that gave character to the town, that
laid its foundations, and gave form to the social, moral and
religious character of the people.f
The planters of this town had, the most of them, matured
under the Commonwealth. They had learned, almost from
their earliest days, to abjure the divine right of kings ; and
to regard the House of Stuart with holy aversion, as invaders
* E. T. Bill, pp. 107, 9. E. J. Records, III. 80.
t Manual of 1st P. Chh: E. T., 1858, p. 8.
8

114 THE HISTORY OF
of the vested rights of the people, and as essentially imperi
ous despots. They had been trained, to the largest liberty
in government. The towns, which they and their fathers
had founded, had been constituted, and their government ad
ministered, according to their own conceptions of truth and
right. No praetorian governor, from a far country, presided,
either in person or by proxy, in their town-meetings, or med
dled with their affairs in the least. Their governors, and all
their rulers, were of themselves, freely and periodically
chosen and inducted.. The Deputies to their General Court
were annually chosen. They met and deliberated, made and
administered the laws, and took measures for the welfare of
the people, with none to molest, or " make them afraid."
The Constitution of government, under which most of them
had lived, was thoroughly democratic, making " no mention
whatever, either of king or parliament or the least inti
mation, of allegiance to the mother country ; " in which
" an oath of allegiance " was " required directly to the State,"
and the " General Court " was declared to be " the Supreme
Power of the Commonwealth." *
Carteret and his company, on the other hand, were mon
archists; diligently and sacredly taught to believe in the di
vine right of kings ; to be jealous for the royal prerogative ;
to hate and abjure both Cromwell and the Commonwealth;
(the Isle of Jersey having been the very last to hold ont
against the Parliamentary forces); to look with contempt
upon the " round-heads ; " to make sport of Puritan strict
ness in religion and morals, and to live in the unrestrained
indulgence that so commonly and shamefully characterized
the Court of Charles. These were not, it will be seen, very
congenial elements for the organization of social, political
and religious institutions. In the very nature of the case,
occasional collisions between the Court party and the people
were to be expected ; they could not be wholly avoided.
* Dr. Bunnell's Speech for Ct, p. 12.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 115

CHAPTER VI.
A. D. 1666-1669.
Government of the Town — Forms of Marriage Licenses — Indentures, and the
Hue and Cry for Runaways — Sale of the S. half of the Town — Settlement
of Woodbridge and Newark — Traffic in Pipe Staves — Cold Winter — Rev.
Abm. Pierson at Newark — Brackett appointed Ass. Surveyor — Newark
Boundary prayerfully settled — Great Mortality — "Duke's Laws" — First
Legislature of N. Jersey at E. T. — Laws — Second Session — Collision with
the Governor — Abrupt Adjournment — Whaling Company — Disputes about
Staten Island — Berkeley and Carteret in Trouble — Mortality.
Governor Carteret appears to have entered upon his ad
ministration with a desire to ingratiate himself with the peo
ple of the town, which he had chosen as the seat of govern
ment. John Ogden was commissioned, Oct. 26, 1665, as
Justice of the Peace, and, Nov. 1, appointed one of the gov
ernor's Council. Capt Thomas Young was, also, Feb. 12,
166-jj-, appointed of the Council. A military company was
organized, somewhat later, for the defence of the town against
the Indians ; of which Luke Watson was made Lieutenant,
and John Woodruff, Ensign. Watson was, also, made the
constable of the town.*
The work of planting and building went on rapidly. Car
teret had brought over, not only a large company of laborers
to aid in subduing the wilderness, but also " several goods of
great value, proper for the first planting and settling of New
Jersey." Doubtless, it . was regarded by the Associates, in
their simplicity, as a special providence, that a man of such
cultivation, and of resources so ample, with apparently such
kind intentions, and so well-disposed to cast in his lot with
* E. J. Records, III. 3, 4, 7, 20, 21.

116 THE HISTORY OF
them, should have been sent over, at this very time, to fliis
very spot. Not apprehending any difficulty from the conflict
of opinions and claims, which might grow out of their pecu
liar relations to each other, the town's people were rather flat
tered, it may well be thought, at the idea of the distinction to
be given to their humble plantation, by having the Governor
of the Province as one of their number, and their town made
the seat of government.*
It is affirmed, and not denied, so far as appears, that the
" ship Philip," that brought over the Governor,
Having remained about six months in New-Jersey, returned for Eng
land; and tlie year afterwards made another voyage to New-Jersey; and
sundry other ships and vessels from time to time, were sent by the Lords
Proprietors to New Jersey with people and goods, to encourage the plant
ing and peopling thereof ; and, that upon the 6aid Governor Carteret's
arrival aforesaid, at Elizabeth Town, he paid to the Indians, with whom
the said Bailey, Watson and Denton had bargained for the said lands as
aforesaid, the greatest part of the consideration that had been agreed to
be paid them.
The means of verifying, or of disproving, these statements
are not at hand. If the former be true, it accounts, in part
for the rapidity with which the town advanced in substantial
prosperity. If the latter, also, be true, it furnishes another
confirmation of the conjecture, that, at his first coming, the
Governor did not presume to call in question the validity of
the Indian purchase and of the grant by his predecessor,
Gov. Nicolls.f
Owing to the loss of the early Records of the town, as al
ready noticed, very few of the incidents of the every-day life
of the planters have been preserved. Here and there the
pages of the Proprietary Records shed some light on what
was passing among them. As an illustration of their mode
of contracting marriages, the following may serve as a speci
men. It is the first entry of the kind on the Records, and
probably the first that occurred in the town. The parties
were servants, who had come over with the Governor, and
afterwards settled on Staten Island : —
* E. T. Bill, p. 28. t E. T, Bill, p. 28.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. H7
License of Marriage.
Whereas I have recd Information of a mutual Interest and agreement
betwene Daniel Perrin of Elizabeth Towne in the province of New
Jarsey and Jflaria Thorel of the same Towne Spinster to solemnize
Mariage together for which they have Requested my Lycense and there
appearing no Lawfull Impediment for ye Obstruction thereof These are to
Require You or Eyther of you to Joyne the said Daniel Perrin and Marie
Thorel in Matrimony and them to pronounce man and Wife, and to make
record thereof according to the Lawes in that behalfe provided, for the do
ing Whereof this shall be to you or Eyther of yon a sufficient Warrant.
Given under my hand and seale the Twelft day of february An0 1665 and
in the 18th Yeare of his Matie' Raign King Charles the Second.
To any of the Justices of the Peace
or Ministers Whin the Government Ph Carterett
of the province of New Jarsey These Couple Where Joyned together in
Matrimony the 18 feb. 16|| by me J Bollen*
An Indenture is on record, of the 7th of April, 1666,
wherein Robert Gray binds himself as a servant for three
years to Luke Watson ; the latter to give him, at the end of
the term, " a good cowe." This is followed, on the 7th of the '
next month, May, with " a Hue and Cry " for a servant be
longing to Mr. Luke Watson, who has " lately absented him-
selfe and runn away from his Master's service." A descrip
tion of the fugitive is given in these words :
His name Robert graij an Englishman bornd, about 20 yeares of age, a
lustij bodied portely fellow, light brownish haire, ve3iy little haire on his
face, a little demij Casto3', a gray broad cloth sute, the breeches tyed att the
knees, and a red coate, besides a light graij coulored Sei-ge breeches, and a
Snap hansminskell that hee hath stollen awaije wft many other things.
It is Supposed that hee is in Company w'h one Ruderic Powell, a pittiful
fellow, who hath also absented himselfe and runn awaij.t
The territory purchased by the Associates of the Indians,
and patented by Gov. Nicolls, was evidently ample enough
for several towns, — vastly too large to be soon occupied by
the original purchasers. The fame of the newly-opened
country had reached the most distant parts of New England,
and colonists were attracted hither. Some of the people of
Newbury, Mass., finding themselves uncomfortably Btraiten-
* E. J. Eecords, III. 6. t Ib„ p. S.

118 THE HISTORY OF
ed for farming lands, sent a deputation to visit these parts,
and, if pleased with what they saw and heard, to secure an
eligible location for a town. Hospitably entertained on their
arrival, and made acquainted, by personal inspection, with
that part of the Elizabeth Town patent that lay between the
Raritan and Rahway rivers, that had been offered them, on
fair terms, by the town, they concluded to purchase it. Ac
cording to the custom of the times, they applied to Gov. Car
teret and received, May 21, 1666, the necessary permit— John
Pike, Daniel Pierce, and Abraham Tapping, [Tappan, or
Tappin], in behalf of themselves and their Associates — to set
tle two townships within the bounds specified : for which a
deed, duly executed, was given them, December 11, 1666, by
Carteret, Ogden, and Watson, representing the Associates of
the Town.*
It has been affirmed, that, " at the date thereof, no other
persons were intitled to what right the said Indian purchase
gave, than the said Philip Carteret, John Ogden and Luke
Watson." It seems to have been forgotten that both the In
dian deed, or " bill of sale," of Oct. 28, 1664, and the Nicolls'
patent of Dec. 1, 1664, expressly conveyed the territory to
the Grantees and Patentees respectively, " and their Asso
ciates," whoever they might be, who thus, severally, became
entitled to a right of property in the purchase, as truly as any
one of the men described by name. If the Town-Book, in
which their early transactions were duly recorded, were now
accessible, it would, doubtless, show, that the matter had been
submitted to the people in town-meeting, and a vote takeD,
giving to Carteret, Ogden and Watson, authority to alienate
" the one' moiety or half part" of their purchased possession.
It was sold as such "half part of the said tract of land which
was purchased of the Indians." By becoming a party to this
transaction, therefore, Carteret again acknowledged the va
lidity of the original purchase and patent f
The consideration, for which this moiety was sold, as ex-
* E. T. BtJI, p. 29. E. J. Eecords, B. 182. Whitehead's E. Jersey, pp. 41, 2, 188, 4. White
head's Perth Amboy, pp. 855. Albany Records, XXII. 85.
t E. T. Bill, p. 80. Learning and Spicor's Grants, Concessions, &c, pp. 670, 1.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. ±±Q
pressed in the deed, was £80 sterling ; a sum more than suf
ficient, it has been said, to reimburse the people for the origi
nal outlay ; so much of it as had been advanced by Carteret
being returned to him, and the remainder being paid into the
common treasury.*
The town was originally regarded as extending on the
North, to the mouth of the Passaic river ; but arrangements
were in progress, at this very time, to reduce these limits.
Robert Treat, of Milford, who, in Nov. 1661, had, with
others, endeavored to come to an agreement with Gov. Stuy
vesant, for the settlement of a plantation in these parts, and
had failed to secure' satisfactory conditions from the Dutch
Government, had, some time in the winter of 166-|, or in the
early spring, been again deputed, with others of his towns
men, to visit this section, and secure land sufficient for a town.
On their arrival, they found themselves, at once, among old
and valued friends and neighbors — men and women, with
whom, at Wethersfield, Milford, New Haven, and Guilford,
they had taken sweet counsel together. The Branford peo
ple, who were meditating a union with the others in the new
plantation, were many of them emigrants from Southampton,
from which place and its neighborhood, a large portion of
the people of this town had come. This was, evidently, a
principal attraction to the new settlers from Connecticut^
It was not difficult, in such a case, to agree upon terms.
The town's people welcomed their old friends, and cheerfully
consented to part with that portion of their purchase, which
lay on the other side of what has, from that day, and on that
account, been called " Bound Brook ; " and Carteret agreed
to extinguish the Indian title to the land beyond the town
line to the northern bend of the Passaic river. Treat and
his associates returned, and made so favorable a report, that
about thirty families determined, at once, to remove to New
Jersey ; and, on the very day, May 21, 1666, that Pierce and
his company had arranged for the settlement of Woodbridge
*E. T.Bill, p. 29.
t E. T. Bill, p. 118. Whitehead's E. Jersey, pp. 42-6. Newark Town Eecords, pp. vi
vii., 1-3. Btearns' First Chh., Newark, pp, 10-14

120 THE HISTORY OF
and Piscataway, the Milford people arrived in boats, and
held their first town-meeting on the Western bank of the
Passaic river, and thus laid the foundations of another town
ship — since the flourishing City of Newark. The limits of
Elizabeth Town, North and South, were, in this manner, con
siderably reduced, the town thus extending only to Rahway
river on the South, and to Bound Brook on the North.*
The following document, one of the very few now accessi
ble of this period, serves to bring before us, in some particu
lars, the circumstances of the people, (the early distribution
of land, and the traffic in white oak pipe staves), during the
second year of the plantation :
Whereas I am informed by way of complaint, from divers of the In
habitants of this Town, that there are several persons that do presume to
fell and cut down the best of timber-trees in and about this Town, with
out any license or leave from tbose that are or may come to be the true
owners the3-eof, converting them to their own private advantage and
profit, to the great destruction of timber for building, and the Lords Pro
prietors woods, and to the great discouragement of all those that are al
ready and that are to come to inhabit this Town : For the preventing
thereof, and to avoid so great an inconveniency and destruction of this
plantation, as may ensue by permitting such disorderly proceedings, I
have thought fit, and do by these presents, together with the advice of
my Council, will afid command, that no person or persons whatsoever,
shall presume to cut down or fell any timber trees that are useful either
for building, fencing, or the making of pipe staves, in any home lots not
properly belonging to themselves, nor within the compass of three miles
of any home lot belonging to this Town, without license first obtained
from the Governor, or leave from the owners of the land ; npon the pen
alty of forfeiting the sum of Five Pounds sterl. for every such tree so
fallen or cut down ; provided, that it may and shall be lawful for any of
the inhabitants of this Town to clear their own lots, and other lands to
plant upon, according to the Act made the 30th day of April last past,
and in so doing it shall and may be lawful for any of them, to convert the
wood and timber growing upon the same to their best use and advantage,
.-and not otherwise. Given under my hand at Elizabeth Town, the 13th
of June, 1666. Ph Carterett
James Bollen, John Ogden.t
tE. J. Reoords, III. 9, 10. E. T. Bill, p. 84. The act of Ap. 80 is not to bo found. It was
probably an Act passed at a town-meeting, respecting the first and second divisions of lnnd'
and other such matters, and so was recorded in the Towu Book, A., unhappily lost, or destroyed'
* Stearns' Newark, pp. 10, 11.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 121
The second winter of the settlement appears to have been
attended with excessive cold, and heavy snows. Col. Nicolls
writes, from New York, Jan. 11, 166f, to Van Curler, then
at Albany, as follows : —
Mons' fountaine hath kept his Christmas with Cap' Carterett in New-
Jersey and cannot stir thence this moneth but if he conld 'tis impossible
for him to march from hence to Canada through the snow a foot.
Writing to Capt. Baker, of this town, also then at Albany,
he says, — " Wee have no late newes from any Parts being
shut up with a hard winter."
Mons. Fountaine, or " La Fountaine," was a young French
man of Quebec " who unfortunately fell into the barbarous
hands of his .enemies, and by the meanes of Monsr Curler ob-
taind his liberty," and in the following summer was restored
to his home.*
This incident confirms the supposition, that Carteret and
his employees were quite as much French as English,
probably more so, as was the case with his kinsmen and
the other inhabitants of the Isle of Jersey. Young Foun
taine could, doubtless, understand nothing of the English
language, and so, he is sent by Gov. Nicolls to sojourn with
Gov. Carteret, at whose house he could converse in his
native tongue.
The affairs of the town, so far as can be discovered, moved
on very quietly and harmoniously during the first two years
after Carteret's arrival. Large accessions were made 'to the
sister town of Newark, from Branford and Guilford, Ct., in
the course of the summer and autumn of 1667, and the vene
rable Abm. Pierson, the old pastor of some of the people of
this town, had now, Oct. 1, 1667, taken up his residence,
with many of their kinsmen, also, within six miles of their
new home in the wilderness. This, doubtless, served, to
reconcile them still more to the hardships incident to the
settlement of a new plantation, in the midst of savage tribes,
on whose friendship but little reliance could be placed. It
made their position vastly more secure, as well as pleasant.
« N. T. Col. Docmts., III. 147, 8, 156.

122 THE HISTORY OF
It is not unreasonable to suppose, that, until they had secured
a minister for their own town, some of them occasionally
were found, wending their way through the wilderness to
Newark, on the morning of the Lord's Day, to enjoy the
privilege of hearing the gospel preached once more by the
pastor of their earlier days. They were sturdy men, and not
unaccustomed to such journeys.*
The work of surveying the house-lots and planting lands,
had been performed very imperfectly ; possibly by Wol-
phertsen, who had been the City Surveyor of New Amster
dam. The description of these lots is so imperfect, as re
corded in the books of the province, that their location and
the bearing of their boundary lines cannot now be deter
mined. This would indicate that the lots had been laid out
before the arrival of the Surveyor General, Vauquellin, with
the Governor. Circumstances had occurred that made it
necessary that Vauquellin should be "sent on business -to
England by the Governor ; " and no one else was authorized
to act in the matter of laying out lands. A few of the in
habitants, in consequence, were put to some inconvenience,
and drew up the following paper : —
We, whose names are under-written, do humbly petition unto the Gov
ernor and his Council, that we may have our lands laid out unto us, ac
cording to the Agreements made by the inhabitants and consent of the
Governor with them, as may more fully appear in the Town Records ;
which if it cannot be granted, we do not see how we can possibly subsist
in the "Town, but shall be forced to look out somewhere else for a liveli
hood. Nathaniel Bonnell, Joseph Bond, Leonard Headley, Ben
jamin Homan, Joseph Meeker, Benjamin Meeker, Jonathan Ogden, Joseph
Ogden, Joseph Osborn, Stephen Osborn, Benjamin Price, Benjamin
Price, Jr., Joseph Seers, Thomas Tomson, Hurr Tomson, Moses Tomson,
and Isaac Whitehead.f
The signers were seventeen in number, and most of them,
either of the second generation, or new-comers. The others
were, probably, in difficulty about their boundary lines. The
petition is without date, but as the commission, given to John
Brackett, noticed on a previous page, is thought to have been
* Stearns' Newark, p. 20. Newark Town t E. T. Bill, pp. 88, 102-9.
Records, p. 10.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 123
issued in response to this petition, it must have been presented
in the early part of December, 1667. The services of Brackett
were only temporary, and confined, most likely, to the few
cases of difficulty which gave rise to the petition. It is not
to be concluded, from this occurrence, that no surveys had
thus far been made, nor that the difficulty was at all general,
or extensive. The earliest records of surveys were made in
the lost town book, as was frequently attested in subsequent
years, and as was provided for by the people of Newark in
their own case.*
The boundary line between this town and Newark needed
adjustment; and John Ogden, sen., Luke Watson, Robert
Bond, and Jeffry Jones were deputed to arrange the matter
with the commissioners from Newark. They met together
for this purpose, May 20, 1668. It appears from an affidavit
of Joseph Woodruff of this town, made, July 26, 1743, be
fore Judge Joseph Bonnel, also of this town, that, being at
Milford, Ct, about the year 1699, he heard Gov. Treat say, —
That the inhabitants of Newark did first settle under the Elizabeth
Town Purchase ; and did allow the Newai'k river to be the bounds of the
said Purchase ; and said, that the Elizabeth Town people was so kind to .
the Newark people, that they could never reward them enough. And
further this deponent saith, That he, at that time, heard the said Gov
ernor tell after what manner the Line was settled between the two towns ;
and that it was done in so loving and solemn a manner that he thought it
ought never to be removed ; for he (the said Governor) himself being
among them at that time, jjrayed with them on Dividend-Hill, (so called)
that there might be a good agreement between them ; and that it was *
agreed upon, by the settlers of each town, that the Line between them
should stand and remain from Dividend-Hill, to run a north-west course ;
and the Governor said, that, after the agreement, Mr. John Ogden (being
one of the first purchasers) prayed among the people, and returned thanks
for their loving agreement.
It was thus, that the founders of these two towns sought
the blessing of the Almighty, and his guidance, in all their
transactions. They were, the most of them, men of faith and
prayer, f
» E. J. Records. III. 12.
t Ans. to E T. Bill, p. 47. Newark Town Records, p. 10. Stearns' Newark, pp. 40, 1.

124 THE HISTORY OF
In the autumn of the same year, there was " great sickness
in New York and over the land in general. Some persons
were daily swept away, and many more lying on their lan
guishing beds, expecting each hour their dissolution." In
view of it, Gov. Lovelace, of New York, proclaimed a day
of humiliation, and called attention to the " swearing, the in
temperate way of drinking, and all manner' of impieties, as
being prevalent in the Province." *
The Concessions of the Lords Proprietors made provision
for a General Assembly, to meet annually ; — the members of
the popular branch, the " Body of Representatives," to be
chosen on the first day of every January, by writ from the
Governor ; " to appoint their own time of meeting and to
adjourn their sessions, from time to time, to such times and
places as they shall think convenient." In accordance
with this provision, Gov. Carteret concluding, that, "by
the infinite goodness, providence, and blessing of Al
mighty God, the province of New Jersey was in a probable
way of being populated," issued a Proclamation, April 7,
1668, requiring the freeholders in each of the several towns
of the province, to make choice of two of their number, to
meet in a General Assembly, at Elizabeth Town, May 25,
1668, For the making and constituting such wholesome laws as shall be most
needful and necessary for the good government of the said province, and
the maintaining of a religious communion, and civil society, one with the
other, as becometh Christians, without which it is impossible for any
Body Politic to prosper or subsist.!
Three years had passed since the pioneers of the settlement
had planted themselves on this soil, during which they had
lived under an orderly administration of law, with Justices
of the Peace to adjudicate in all litigated cases. It is not
possible, now, to determine positively, in the absence of all
documentary information, under what code of laws they had
hitherto lived. But it is almost certain, that the Laws of his
* Valentine's N. Y. Manual for 1856, p. 514.
t Learning and Spicor's Grants, &c, p. 15. E. J. Records, II. Lib. 8. Whitehead's E.
Jersey, pp. 51, 2, 188, 9.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 125
Royal Highness, the Duke of York, or " the Duke's Laws," as
they were commonly called, were in force here, as well as in
the neighboring province, so far as they were applicable.
This code had been enacted by an Assembby, convened, Feb.
28, 166f , at Hempstead, L. I., by warrant from Gov. Nicolls,
and had been " collected out of the several laws then in force
in his Majesties American Colonyes and Plantations." They
were mainly such as were of authority in Connecticut, some
of them being in the very words of the Connecticut Code of
1650* The first General Assembly of New Jersey, convened, in
accordance with the Governor's warrant, at Elizabeth Town,
and was constituted, May 26th, 1668. Three of the six mem
bers of the Council were residents of this town : Robert Bond,
Robert Vauquellin, and William Pardon ; Bond and Pardon
having been appointed, Jan. 2,166^; and James Bollen,
also, of this town, being the Secretary. The town had chosen
John Ogden, sen., and John Brackett, to represent them in
the House of Burgesses. The Legislature remained in ses
sion five days, and passed several Acts, or Laws, by some
denominated " the Elizabeth Town Code of Laws ; " of which
it has been said, that " Puritan austerity was so tempered by
Dutch indifference, that mercy itself could not have dictated
a milder system." The laws were few and simple, scarcely
worthy the name of a " Code," and were taken, in almost
every instance, and nearly verbatim, from the Hempstead
Code, or the Connecticut Code of 1650. The Puritan laws,
as well as the Puritan manners and customs, prevailed in the
new settlement. Every possible precaution was taken to
preserve the rights of property ; to secure the orderly ad
ministration of justice; to regulate the intercourse of the
sexes ; to restrain the vicious within proper bounds ; to make
human life as sacred as possible ; to prevent disrespect to pa
rents, drunkenness, and profanity ; and to enforce, obedience
to the constituted authorities.!
?IN. York His. Soc. Coll., I. 307-428. Thompson's L. I., I. 181-5. Hildreth's V. States,
II. 44-51.
t Learning and Spicer's Grants, &c, pp. 77-34. Bancroft's TJ. States, II. 819. .

126 THE HISTORY OF
As an illustration of the strictness, with which, at that
early day, they watched over the morals of the rising genera
tion, the following enactment is cited at length :
For the better preventing disorders and misdemeanors in young persona
and others, Be it also enacted by this present General Assembly, that if
any person or persons shall be abroad from the usual place of their ab.ode,
and found in night-walking, Drinking in any tapp-house, or any other
house or place at unreasonable times, after nine of the clock at night, and
not about their lawful occasions, or cannot give a good account of their-
being absent from (heir own place of abode at that time of the night, if
required of them, shall be secured by the Constable or some other officer,
till the morning to be brought before a Justice of the Peace, or Magistrate,
to be examined, and if they cannot give them a satisfactory account of
their being out, at such unreasonable times, he or they shall be bound
over to the next Court, and receive such punishment as the Justices upon
the Bench shall see cause to inflict upon them.*
Provision was made for an annual meeting of the General
Assembly on the first Tuesday in November, and for the
election of Deputies on the first of January. The rates for the
support of government were to be five pounds for each of the
towns, to be paid, into the hands of Jacob Mollins [Melyen]
of E. Town, in country-produce at the following prices :
Winter wheat at five shillings a bushell, summer wheat at four shil
lings and six-pence ; pease at three shillings and six-pence ; indian corn at
three shillings; rye at four shillings; barley at four shillings; beef at
two pence half-penny ; pork at three pence half-penny a pound.
Capt. Bollen was to receive twenty pounds for his services
as Secretary. Little time, however, could be given, especially
in the planting season, to matters of legislation. The full
consideration of these enactments was referred by the Gov
ernor to the November sessions, " by reason of the week so
near spent, and the resolution of some of the company to de
part." The Assembly met here again, by adjournment, on
Tuesday, Nov. 3, 1668. Jacob Mollins [Melyen] appeared
among the Burgesses, in place of John Brackett, who had,
probably, returned to New Haven. Mr. Ogden was ap
pointed " to take cognizance of the country's charge and
• Learning and Spicer'a Grants, <to., p. 80.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 127
rates;" and Mr. Watson, of this town, was appointed, with
Mr. Samuel Moore of Woodbridge, to go to Middletown and
Shrewsbury to collect their proportion of the rates levied on
the towns. Mr. Melyen was to be one of a committee to
treat with the Indians, " for the preventing of future dama
ges and wrongs that otherwise may accrue to the towns or in
habitants, in reference to horses or cattle that may range up
into the country, to the indangering the peace in respect to
the Indians." Two men, also, were appointed, " and sent to
the Sachem of the Indians that killed the Indian boy at
Elizabeth Town, to demand the murtherer to be surrendered
to the Governor." » A few other acts, of not much import
ance, were passed, and the Assembly was brought, abruptly,
to an end.*
A radical difference of opinion, which must have been fore
seen, between the Governor and the people, in respect to the
rights of the people, and the power of the legislature, was
very soon, in the course of the session, developed. The Dep
uties were disposed to exercise the right of originating meas
ures for the good of the people, without previous consultation
with the Governor. The latter was jealous of his own pre
rogative, and sought to prescribe the course'to be pursued by
the Deputies, as he was accustomed to do with the Council,
who were creatures of his own will. On the fourth day of
the sessions, the Deputies, therefore, sent a message " to the
Governor and his Council," to this effect :
Honored Gentlemen, We finding so many and great inconveniences by
our not setting together, and your apprehensions so different to ours, and
your expectations that things must go according to your opinions, though
we see no reason for, mueh less warrant from the Concessions, wherefore
we think it vain to spend much time of returning answers by writings that
are so exceeding dilatory, if not fruitless and endless, and therefore we
think our way rather to break up our meeting, seeing the order of the
concessions cannot be attended unto.t
Carteret received the message on Friday evening, and, on
the plea that it was " too late to night to entertain so long a
debate," asked them to send two of their number, to discuss
* Learning and Spicer's Grants, &c, pp. 81, S5-9. t Ibid. p. 90.

128 THE HISTORY OF
their differences on Saturday morning ; " if not," he added,
" you may do what you please, only we advise you to con
sider well of your resolutions before you break up." They
did consider well, and so broke up, on Saturday, the fifth
day of their sessions.*
These matters properly belong to the history of the Prov
ince. But they are so intimately connected with the particu
lar annals of the town, and have so much to do with the
subsequent difficulties into which the town was brought by"
the exactions of the Governor, that they could not well be
omitted. Carteret disregarded the express provisions of the
Concessions, and refused to, call an Assembly for the next two
years, preferring to rule the province, at his own pleasure, by
means of his complaisant Council.
In the course of the following winter, a company was
organized among the people of this town, for whaling pur
poses. Thej obtained a charter from the Governor, Feb. 15,
166f , granting to " John Ogden, sen\, Caleb Carwithy, Jacob
Moleing [Melyen], Wm. Johnson, and Jeffry Jones, all of
Elizabeth Town and their companie consisting, of 21 persons,"
the exclusive right, for three years, of taking whales, &c,
along the coast from Barnegat to the Eastern part of the
province, one twentieth part of the oil in casks to be given
to the Lords Proprietors. The charter also granted them,
In case Statten Island falls within this Government, some convenient
place or Tract of land upon the said Island, near unto the water side for
the Settlement of a Town or Society to consist of 24= Famelies, and that
they shall have a competent proportion of Land allotted to each Family
or Lott with Meadow Ground as well as planting Land and free com
monage upon the Island.t
Whales were then abundant on all the coast. Maverick
writes, July 5, 1669, to Col. Nicolls, from New York, "On
y° East end of Long Island there were 12 or 13 whales taken
* Learning and Bpicer's Grants, &c, pp. 90-1.
t E. J. Records, III. 22. Whitehead's E. Jersey, p. 173. Staten Island was claimed by
Carteret, as included in the Duke's grant to the two Lords. Nino days after the date of this
charter, Maverick, at New York, wrote to Gov. Winthrop, of Connecticut, that Gov. Lofe-
aco had just received a letter from Col. Nicolls at London, announcing that " Staten Island
is adjudged to belong to N. Yorke." By whom or how " adjudged " is not stated. 4 Mass.
His. Soc. Coll., X. 815.

*
ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 129
before y° end of March, and what since wee heare not ,' here
are dayly some seen in the very harbour, sometimes within
Nutt [Governor's] Island. It is not possible to describe
[1679] how this bay swarms with fish, both large and small,
whales, tunnies and porpoises," &c. The E. Town Whaling
Co., it is likely, having most of them followed the business
on Long Island, found the fishery a lucrative business.*
Much uncertainty attended the matter of jurisdiction during
the year 1669. Both Berkeley and Carteret were in trouble
at home. The former had " been detected in the basest cor
ruption," and had been deprived of office. Carteret had
long been under accusation, by Parliament, of being a de
faulter, as Treasurer of the Navy, to a large amount ; and his
accounts were subjected to a rigid investigation by a Parlia
mentary Committee, of which the result was his expulsion, in
the autumn of 1669, from the House of Commons. Gov.
Nicolls had, in 1665, early remonstrated with the Duke of
York against the grant of New Jersey to Berkeley and Car
teret, He had now returned to England, and renewed, with
still greater earnestness, his remonstrance. Measures were
accordingly taken, by the Duke, for the recovery of the lost
territory. Late in the year 1668, Col. Nicolls wrote from
London to Gov. Lovelace at New York, (as we learn by a let
ter from the Royal Commissioner, Samuel Maverick to Gov.
Winthrop, dated Feb. 24, 166$), that
The Lord Barkley is vnder a cloud, and out of all bis offices, and offers
to surrender vp the Patent for N. Jarsey. Sir G. Oarterett, his partner,.
is in Ireland, but it is thought he will likewise surrender, and then
N. Yorke will be inlarged.
In a subsequent letter, Maverick writes, June 29, 1669, to
Gov. Winthrop, that
New Jarsey is returned to his Royall Highnes, by exchange for Delawar,
as Sir George Carterett writs to his cosen, the present Gouernor : some
tract of land, on this side of the river & on the other side, to reach to
Maryland bounds.!
* N. Y. Col. Docmts., III. 18S, 197. Dankers andSluyter's Jonrnsl p. 100.
t Pepys' Diary, IV. 97, 114, 115. N. T. Col. Docmts., II. 410. Ill, 105, 118, 114, 174. White
head's E. Jersey, pp. 80-1. 4 Mass. His. Soc. Coll., VII. 815, 819.
9

v

130 THE HISTORY OF
Gov. Carteret, of course, having received such an announce
ment, from so high a source, — one of the Lords Proprietors
himself, — must have regarded his tenure of office as soon to
be terminated, and have been, in consequence, not at all dis
posed to prolong his controversy with the people. While
the latter, expecting shortly to come under the jurisdiction
of Gov. Lovelace, of New York, must have been quite will
ing to let the matter pass without further trouble. So the
matter rested for a season.
The Newark people were evidently in perplexity on the
same account.
At a Town Meeting, 28th July 1669 — the Town made choice of Mr.
Crane and Mr. Treat, to take the first opportunity to Goe over to York, to
advise with Col. Lovelaee Concerning our Standing, Whether we are de
signed to be Part of the Duke's Colony, or Not.*
The autumn of this year was made memorable, as well as
that of the previous year, for the prevalence of fatal dis
orders. Maverick, writing from " N. Yorke, 15th Octor 69,
to Col. Nicolls, in London," says :
The flux, agues, and fevers, have much rained, both in cittie and coun
try, & many dead, but not yett soe many as last yeare. The like is all
N. Engla over, espetially about Boston.t
* Newark Town Records, p. 21. 3 N. Y. Col. Uocmts., III. 1S5.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 131

CHAPTER VII.
A. D. 1670-1613.
Quit Rent Controversy — Gov. Carteret's Usurpations — Claude Vallot — Arbi
trary Edicts — Watson not to drill the Militia — First Jury Trial in the Town
— Case of Capt. Hacket — Court illegally held — Case of Richard Michel —
His House destroyed. — Carteret overawed by the People — Capt. James Car
teret arrives from England — Legislature convenes at E. T. — A lawful Court
— Trial of Meeker and others — Newark people take the Alarm — ¦ Other Ses
sions of the Legislature — Capt. James Carteret chosen President — Arrest
and Escape of Wm. Pardon — Gov. Carteret removes to Bergen — Re-arrest
of Pardon, and Seizure of his Goods — Memorial of the Council to the Lords
Proprietaries — Gov. Carteret and Officials return to England — Capt. Berry,
Dep. Governor — Marriage of Capt. Carteret — The Officials return — Conflict
renewed — Patents to be taken out — Appeal to the Lords Proprietors — Gov.
Winthrop's Endorsement of the People.
The negotiations for the transfer of New Jersey to the ju
risdiction of the Duke of York, though so nearly completed,
failed of the expected result. Berkeley was made Lord Lieu
tenant of Ireland, of which Carteret was already Deputy
Treasurer. Strengthened by the favor of the king, and cer
tain political occurrences of the day, the two lords retained
possession of their charter, and Elizabeth Town remained the
seat of government for the province, and the residence of the
Governor and his officials.*
"The Concession and Agreement of the Lords Proprietors"
made provision for the Survey and Patenting of all lands
taken up in the Province by new settlers, and required of all
such the payment of one half-penny per acre yearly rent, be
ginning with March 25, 1670. As the people of this town
claimed to hold their lands, not by gift or lease from the
* Collins' Peerage, (Ed. of 1730), III. 2S0, 1. N. Y. Col. Docmts., III. 599. Pepys' Diary
III. 275, 7.

132 THE HISTORY OF
Lords Proprietors, but by purchase from the native proprie
tors of the soil, and the warrant and patent of Gov. Nicolls,
previous to Carteret's arrival, they had paid no attention to
these provisions. No patents had been issued, or applied
for, within the bounds of the town. This was true of the offi
cials as well as the people. Carteret, Bollen, Vauquellin,
and Pardon, all had become Associates, and as such had
shared in the assignment of house-lots, and in the first and
second divisions of planting land and meadow, all which
were duly entered, at the time, in the lost Town-Book. None
of them, however, had taken out patents from the Lords Pro
prietors. The original purchasers and their American asso
ciates were utterly opposed to a proceeding, which might be
construed into an acknowledgment of the invalidity of the
titles, by which they had acquired, and hitherto held, their
" purchased and paid-for lands." They would neither, there
fore, take out patents from the Governor, nor pay the yearly
rent to be exacted in all other cases.*
As the time, for the payment of this rent approached, let
ters were sent to the several towns, reminding them of these
conditions. We have not the means of knowing whether the
demand was formally made of the freeholders of this town,
or, if made, what was their response. In the latter case, they
must have made a response, not less firm and decided than
that of the Newark people ; who, at a town-meeting, held
Feb. 3, 1669-70, after "the Governors Writing" had been
read and debated, voted to make return as follows :
That they do Hold and Possess their Lands and Rights in the said
Town, Both by Civil and Divine Right, as by their Legall purchase and
Articles doth and May Shew. And as for the payment of the Half Penny
per Acre for all our Allotted Lands, According to our Articles and Inter
pretations of them, You assuring them to us, We are ready when the Time
Comes, to perform our Duty to the Lords or their Assigns.
Whether they received the assurance, or not, at the ap
pointed time they made a tender of the rent, in wheat, but
not "in lawful money of England," as the Concessions re
quire d.f * Learning & Spioor, pp. 23-5.
t Newark Town Eeoords, pp. 29, 80. Stearns' Newark, pp. 48-6.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 133
Nothing of the kind, probably, was attempted or done
here. It is not intimated, in any of the records or documents
of the day, on either side, that the people of this town re
garded themselves as under any obligation whatever to pay
rent for their lands to the English Lords. So many of the
people as were of the Governor's party, doubtless, complied
with the demand. The others disregarded it. The breach
between the two parties, occasioned by the occurrences of
November, 1668, was thus considerably widened. The rela
tions of the people to their townsman, the Governor, from
this time forth, were any thing but pleasant — scarcely ami
cable.* One occasion of this unpleasantness was the unwarranted
interference of Carteret in the local affairs of the town —
claiming, as he did, the prerogative of presiding, in person,
or by proxy, in their town-meetings ; of admitting whom
he pleased as freeholders ; and of allotting the town-lands as
rewards to his servants. The people could not but regard
all such proceedings as unwarranted acts of usurpation.
Claude Vallot was one of the 18 servants whom Carteret
had brought over with him in the " Philip." Having
found him faithful and true, the Governor, without obtain
ing, or even asking, so far as appears, the consent of the
town, determined to bestow on him the rights and privileges
of a freeholder :
Glande Valot of Champagne in the Kingdom of, France having
Lived in this Country for the Space of five Years time as one of my
Menial Servants, and now being desirous to settle himself an Inhabitant
within the said Province, (says ' the Record, Feb. 10, 1669-70), I doe
hery Declare the said Glaude Valot to be a true Denizen of the aforesaid
Province of New Jersey.
Twelve days after he puts him in possession, by deed of
sale, of the property that, in Nov. 1668, he himself had
acquired by purchase, for £45, from the widow of Capt.
Robert Seeley — viz., a " house and home-lot, with all such
lots and allotments of upland and meadow, as is and shall
be thereunto belonging, according to the rate of a third
* Whitehead's E. J., p. 54. Mulford's N. J., p. 151.

134 THE HISTORY OF
lot ; " thus giving him a place, as an Associate, among the
third-lot right men.*
A military company, in accordance with an Act of the
General Assembly, had been organized in 1668 ; of which,
Aug. 24, 1668, Luke Watson had been commissioned Lieu
tenant and Commander, and John Woodruff, Ensign. Wat
son and Woodruff were among the leading men of the town,
and devoted to its interests. In some way not specified,
but, probably, because of their zeal in opposing the arbitrary
course of the Governor, these worthies had provoked his
displeasure. On the last day of October, 1670, (possibly,
one of the autumnal training days), he revoked the com
mission of Watson, and declared Woodruffs null and void.
Such a proceeding did not tend in the least to conciliate
the people, whose patience had already so repeatedly been
tried. They understood the movement as designed to break
up the military company, and so to deprive them of the
power of self-defence. Against these imputations, he put
forth, July 1, 1672, the following plea : It is reported, he
says, That I have, to the great discouragement of the Inhabitants, for
bidden, nay required them upon ptine of death, not to trayne. In
answer whereunto the officers of each Respective Town in this Province,
being commissionated for that end and required thereunto, will suffi
ciently Cleer me ; only for reasons which I am willing to give To my
Masters, I did issue out my Summons to Luke Watson in Elizabeth
Town, being before by me Commissioned Lieutenant under my Self,
Calling in my Commission, req3iiring him upon pain of death at that
time not to Call the Company into Field Nor Exercise them, the which
notwithstanding he did Continue and Exercise them twice after, t
Language like this could not but exasperate. The people
had never known, in this country, what it was to have a
master. They had never been " in bondage to any man."
This young stranger from a far land, whose unexpected com
ing among them, with snch pretensions to dominion over
them, they had barely tolerated, who had already set him
self above the Representatives of the people, and had exacted
* E. J. Records, I. 6, 7, 13. t E. J. Eecords, III. 55.

s

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 135
of them a galling tribute, as the price of lands fully and lawful
ly purchased before he came, now threatens one of their num
ber with the " pain of death," for simply giving a few lessons
in the art and science of war. Who gave him this kingly
power ? How did he propose to carry it into effect ? By
whom was the penalty to be inflicted ? The refusal, too, to
give the reasons for his course, save to his " masters," was not
fitted to inspire his townsmen with confidence or esteem, but
just the reverse. It was not the way to secure the hearts of
the people and perpetuate his power.
The more thoroughly the matter is investigated, the more
fully it appears, that the difficulties, with which the founders
of the town had to contend, in respect to the Proprietary
government, were of vastly greater moment than the pay
ment of the paltry sums that were demanded as " Quit-
Rents." The grievances were of the most serious character.
They had respect to the very foundations of government.
The great question of popular rights was involved — the same
question, that was continually coming up between the Amer-
can people and their foreign rulers, and that issued in the
conflict of 1776. This town and this province were not sin
gular in their disaffection. It pervaded the neighboring
provinces. The people of Long Island, at this very time,
were deeply agitated with similar grievances. All New
England was filled with excitement and alarm, by reason of
the efforts made by the Royal Commissioners to bring them
under subjection. The Stuart dynasty had no sympathy with
the democracy of the American people. The Colonies stood
in dread of the imperialism of the two sons of Charles I., whose
" taking off," by the people, these sons could never forgive.*
"All Causes are tried by Juries," said Gov. Lovelace,
1670, in respect to the Province of New York. The same
rule, doubtless, prevailed in New Jersey. The first Jury
trial in the town, of which any record has been preserved,,
took place in May, 1671. A special Court, consisting of
Capt. Wm. Sandford, President, Robert Vauquellin, Robert
* Thompson's L. I., I. 145-150 ; II. 826-3. Palfrey's N. Eng., II. 57S-634.

136 THE HISTORY OF
Treat, and Wm. Pardon, was convened here, on the 16th, by
order of the Governor, for the trial of Wm. Hacket, Capt.
of the sloop " Indeavor of Salsbury in the County of Nor
folk in New England," for illegal trading in the province,
mostly at Woodbridge. Gov. Lovelace claimed, that all ves
sels coming in and going out of Sandy Hook entrance should
enter and clear at New York. Gov. Carteret opposed the
claim so far as concerned the waters of New Jersey; de
manding, that, in order to trade in these parts, entrances and
clearances should be made at the custom-house in Elizabeth
Town. Capt. Hacket had entered his vessel, and paid duties,
at New York, but not here. A jury was empanelled, con
sisting of Benjamin Price, foreman ; Nicholas Carter, Wm.
Pyles, George Ross, Barnabas Wines, Nathaniel Bonnel,
Matthias Hatfield, John Wynings, William Oliver, Stephen
Osburn, Wm. Meeker, John Woodruff; all freeholders of
this town, and the most of them leading men. Gov. Car
teret testified for the prosecution. Capt. Hacket argued his
own cause, with much ability, presenting not less than four
teen points as grounds of defence. The case went to the
jury, who
Went forth and, upon a second and third going forth, declared to the
Court that the matter Committed to them is of too great waight for them
and desires the Court to make Choice of other Jurymen.
On the 18th, the case came before another jury, two only
of whom, Samuel Hopkins, and Capt. Thomas Young, were
of this town, none of them from Newark, and the remainder
from Bergen and Woodbridge. The prosecution succeeded,
and the vessel was forfeited.*
It is quite probable, that the true reason for the failure of
the first jury to pronounce a verdict, was the fact, that the
Governor had acted without warrant, in constituting the Court ;
according to " the Concessions " — the fundamental Bill of
Rights — it being the prerogative of the General Assembly,
and not the Governor, "to constitute all courts." f The
Assembly had not authorized the Governor to call and com-
* E. J. Records, III. 75-7. t Learning and Spicer, p. 16.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 137
mission this tribunal. Jealous, as the town had become, of
the Governor, they could not but look upon this proceeding,
as an additional act of usurpation ; and so the Governor
must go out of town for a jury sufficiently compliant.
Another serious grievance was thus added to the calendar,
A few weeks later, the two parties came into direct collision.
Among the " menial servants " brought over by Capt. Car
teret in the " Philip," in 1665, was Richard Michell. He was
" the son of Symon Michell, of Munden parva in the County
of Hereford," Eng. Richard had married, Ap. 23, 1668, Ellen
Prou, " the daughter of Charles Prou of Paris in the parish
of St. Eutache, In France." She, too, had come over, doubt
less, in the " Philip," and was, also, a " menial servant,"
possibly a housekeeper, in the Government house. Michell,
as well as Vallot, aspires to be a planter. Carteret, well-
pleased with Richard's course, and willing to reward his
faithful services, takes it upon himself, without consulting
the town, or any other than his own pleasure, to make him
a grant of land for a house-lot, bordering on " the swamp
in common," and lying at the rear of the house-lots of Francis
Barber and George Pack, S. of Charles Tucker, S. E. of Jonas
Wood, and N. E. of Wm. Letts. This was in the spring of
1671. Michell fences it in, and leases a part of the ground
to George Pack for a tobacco-crop. On the other part, he
builds a house covered with clapboards, and lays out a gar
den. Pack sub-lets one half of his field to Wm. Letts, the
weaver.* All this was contrary to the fundamental agreements of
166|-, made in town-meeting, and consented to by the Gov
ernor. None but the people, in town-meeting, could deter
mine who should be admitted as associates and freeholders.
It was a clear case of usurpation on the part of Carteret. If
tolerated in this instance, it might be followed by many
others, and presently the town would be overrun by French
men, and other foreigners, claiming an equal share with
themselves in the plantation. If not resisted, they might as
well give up all thought of self-government.
* E. J. Records, IIL 78-80.

138 THE HISTORY OF
The town was deeply moved by the occurrence. It was
the common talk. The neighbors had occasion to meet at
Goodman Carter's on the south side of the Creek. The mat
ter was warmly discussed. They agreed to give Pack warn
ing not to put a plow into the ground. He and Letts were
greatly grieved at their prospective loss, but deemed it best
to regard the timely warning. A town meeting was called,
at which the whole subject was gravely debated. Here is
the record :
June 19tb, 1671, it was agreed by the Major Vote that Richard Michel
should not enjoy his lott given him by the Governor. Upon information
June 19th 1671 It was agreed that there should some goe the next morn
ing and pull up the said Michel's fence.
The Governor must be taught, that it is not his to give away
town-lots ; it belongs to the people. Michel had " never
asked the town for it," and, therefore, could not have the
" lott given him by the Governor." It was " concluded to
take the piece of land from him again, because it was not
after vote of the town that he had it." What followed is thus
related by George Pack :
The next morning after the said town-meeting, the said Richard Michel
came to my house, and I went with Mm up to the said lot, Mid going we
came to the said Wm. Letts house, and lighted our pipes, and, when we
had lighted, people came upon the said ground. Goodman Meaker, the
young John Ogden, Jeffry Jones and Nicholas Carter, and we running
down to them at the corner of said lot, the said Richard Michel fore
warned them of pulling down the said fence, and spake to them of a riot,
upon that goodman Meaker put to it and began to pluck down the fence
and then all the rest did the like and left not off till they had plucked
down one side and one end.
Among those who aided in the work, as Letts, Michell, and
Ronyon testified, were Joseph Meeker (the " eldest son" of
Goodman M.,) Hur Tomson, (son of Goodman T.,) " old
Mash," (Samuel Marsh, sen.), and Luke Watson, the Lieu
tenant. When Michel forewarned them,
Goodman Meeker answered, Do you forewarn me ? and with that
went to pull it down. ' While thoy were so doing Mr Pardon came in,
then they asked him whither he was come to help pull down the fence

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 139
and Mr Pardon answered that he did not come to help pull down the fence
but to take notice what you do, the said John Ogden said we do not care
if a hundred such fellows as you are do take notice of what we do, and
Mr Pardon answered you speak very sausily. Luke Watson did not put
his hand to pull down the fence but said if I am in [the] place it's as good
but after Mr Pardon came then he heaved one log off from the fence and
said you shall not say but I will put my hands to it.
Awhile after, (says Letts,) being at my own house there came in Robert
Moss and Mr Orayne of this town who asked for drink and I having none
they went away presently, and presently after they were gone I heard
a noise and looked out and saw the said Robert Moss and Mr Crayne beat
ing down the claboards of Richard Michel's bouse and plucked up the
pallasades of the garden and before I came the hoggs within an hours
time had rooted up and spoiled all that was in the garden which was full
of necessary garden herbs.
Pardon was one of the Governor's Council, and had been
appointed, June 5, 167f, a Justice of the Peace. He was
known to be the Governor's obsequious parasite. Morse and
Crane were next door neighbors, residing on the West side '
of the Creek. It is probable, that not a few others, drawn
thither by curiosity, especially of the boys of the neighbor
hood, witnessed the transaction, and spoke of it in later
years, as one of the memorable incidents of their pioneer life.
Warm work it was for a midsummer's day, (June 20) ; but
needful work, unless they are prepared to succumb to the
whims and dictates of the cavalier lordling, sent over the
seas, by a brace of corrupt speculators, to exercise arbitrary
rule over these honest and sturdy planters. It was a day to
be remembered in the annals of Elizabeth ; a day for the
inauguration of an open and determined resistance to all
usurpation, and a manly defence of their vested rights.
They acted as one man, and were not to be trifled with.
Carteret and his adherents are powerless to withstand the
tide ; and, however chagrined and vexed at the result, are
compelled, for the present, to let the matter drop. Wm.
Meeker, the chief actor in the drama, is chosen Constable of
the town, to succeed Wm. Cramer, and receives, Oct. 13,
1671, a commission from the Governor.*
Another actor of some importance now appears on the
* E. J. Eecords, III. 47.

140 THE HISTORY OF
scene. Sir George Carteret has two sons, Sir Philip, and
James. George, a third son, had died in 1656. James, the
second son, had followed the seas from his youth, having
been advanced to the command of a merchantman in the
India trade, previous to the Restoration, and, subsequently, to
the Captaincy of a British man-of-war. " Capt. Carteret " had
acquired considerable distinction in his profession, and was
thought deserving of promotion. "He was administrator or
captain general, of the English forces which went, in 1666, to
retake St. Kitts, which the French had entirely conquered,
and were repulsed. He had also filled some high office,
during the war, in the ship of the Duke of York, with two
hundred infantry under his command."
His father, Sir George, was one of the" eight proprietaries of
Carolina. Ashley Cooper, the distinguished Earl of Shaftes
bury, was also a proprietor ; and to him had been committed
the task of preparing a Constitution of government for the
province. Shaftesbuiy entrusted the work to his greatly-
admired friend, John Locke, the well-known author, twenty
years later, of the " Essay concerning Human Understand
ing." A most impracticable, but greatly lauded Model of
Government, called the "Fundamental Constitutions of Caro
lina," was the result of his political lucubrations. It was
therein provided, that each county should be governed by a
landgrave and two caciques, the former ranking as Earls, and
the latter as Barons, — hereditary nobles, — to have possessions
corresponding to their dignities, for ever inalienable. Locke,
in compliment to Shaftesbury, and as a recompense for his
literary services, was appointed one of the Landgraves ; Sir
Johu Yeamans, afterwards Governor, was honored with the
same title ; and, in compliment to Sir George Carteret, the
Landgraviate of the remaining County, was assigned to his
second son, Capt. James Carteret. The Constitution was
signed, March 1, 1669-70, and the appointments made in April
of the following year.*
* Collins' Peerage, IV. 821-S. (Ed. of 1735.) Dankers' Journal of a Voyage to N. York, in
1679-80, p. 187. Graham's U. States, I. 848, 881-7. Bancroft's TJ. States, II. 129, 144-151.
Hlldreth's U. States, II. 80-4. " Ton are to toko notice yt wee have made Mr James Carteret,

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 141
Early in 1671, Capt. Carteret made ready to embark for
America, to take possession of his newly-acquired domain
and dignity. He was, probably, instructed by his father to
take New Jersey in his way, and confer with Gov. Philip
Carteret in respect to the affairs of this province, then getting
to be quite complicated. He arrived here in the summer of
1671, and was graciously received as became his rank and
relationship. He was the son of one of the Lords Proprie
tors, and might become heir to his father's estate and dig
nities. It was well to receive him with marked consideration.
Shortly after his arrival, Gov. Lovelace convened an ex
traordinary council at New York, Sept. 1671, in reference to
the Indians on the Delaware. Gov. Carteret, and Capt.
James Carteret, with the mayor (Capt. Thomas Delavall) and
secretary of New York, and Maj. Steenwyck, (a previous
mayor), constituted the council. As one of the results of the
conference, it was concluded,
That the Governor of New Jersey, and Capt. James Carteret, (then
present), should expeditiously order a General Assembly to be called in
that government, (according to their custom upon all emei'gent occa
sions) to know the people's strength and readiness ; and how far they
were willing to contribute towards the prosecution of a war against the
Indians. These gentlemen must have regarded Capt. James Carte
ret as having, at least for the time being, something like co
ordinate, if not supervisory, authority with the Governor,
either by commission, or as the representative of his father.*
Sr Jno Yeamans and Mr Jno Locke, Landgraves. White Hall, 1st May, 1671. Rivers' His .
Sketches of S. C, p. 863. His. Coll. of 8. C, I. 45-7, 52 ; II. 292-6.
* Smith's N. J., pp. 69, 70. Great injustice has been done to the memory of Capt. James
Carteret. The Bill in Chancery (p. 85) calls him "a weak and dissolnte youth." He could
scarcely have been less than 40 years old. Gov. Philip was but 82. Wynne calls him "a dis
solute son of Sir George," (I. 205.) Chalmers speaks of him as " a natural son of the Propri
etor," (p. 616). Qraliame uses the same language, (I. 466). Gordon describes him as " a
weak and dissolute natural son of Sir George," (p. 29). Whitehead makes him "an illegiti
mate son of Sir George," " a weak and dissipated young man," (p. 55). Mulford uses the same
epithets, (p. 152). That he was the lawful son of Sir George and his wife Elizabeth, cannot
be questioned. Hankers, the Labadist Journalist, who knew and met wjth him, at N. York ,
in 1679, calls him " a person of quality," and gives not the least intimation of his being other
than the lawful son of Sir George, but much to the contrary. Hankers' Journal, p. 189. See
this History, postea. Collins' Peerage (1735), III. 829 ; IV. 827-8. His morals at tho time
could not have been much worse than those which generally prevailed at court ; they may
have been better

142 THE HISTORY OF
No Assembly had been held since Nov. 1668, greatly to
the dissatisfaction of the people. An occasion had now oc
curred that called for such a convention. In accordance with
the agreement at New York, the Governor issued his war
rant, and an Assembly convened here, Oct. 3, 1671. Newark
was represented by Jiisper Crane and Robert Treat ; but
who were the representatives of the other towns, and what
were their proceedings is not known, as the records of the
meeting were destroyed. It is very certain that Gov. Car
teret found but little encouragement in relation to the con
templated enterprise against the Indians. It is known, as
stated by the Governor, in a document, dated Feb. 10, 167£,
that the Assembly were in session in this town, on the 14th
of December preceding, when an Act was passed constituting
a Court of Oyer and Terminer, and another for the appoint
ment of a Marshal for the province. This must have been
an adjourned meeting of the Assembly that met in October,
1671. A court had now been lawfully constituted. A writ was
issued, Feb; 10, 167J, authorizing and appointing "Capt.
John Berry, President, Robert Vauquellin, Samuel Edsal,
Robert Bond, Capt. John Pyke, Capt. Robert Treat, William
Pardon, or any three of them to be a Court to meet together
and sit upon Tuesday morning 27 Feb. at 9 o'clock at the
town house in Elizabeth Town," &c. The object of conven
ing this court was the punishment of the so-called rioters of
the previous June. All of the members, with the exception
of Bond and Treat, were of the Governor's Council. Nei
ther Treat nor Vauquellin were present at the trial. Of the
Jury, seven were from Woodbridge, and five from Bergen ;
none from this town, or from Newark.
An indictment was found against " Wm. Meaker, Jeffery
Jones, Luke Watson, Nicholas Carter, Samuel Mash, sen',
John Ogden, Jr, Joseph Meaker, and Hurr Thompson," for
pulling down Michell's fence on the 20th of June previous.
They all appeared in court, on the 8th of March, — when the
trial came on, — heard the indictment, were asked,—" Guilty,
or not guilty ? "—and made no response ; but, though ordered

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 143
to remain, left the house without putting in any plea at all.
The complexion of the court and jury was such as to satisfy
them, that the issue was a, foregone conclusion ; that Carteret
was determined to sustain Michell, and to secure a judgment
against the town in the persons of Meeker and his associates.
A trial, in such circumstances, was a mere mockery. The
persons indicted would have nothing to do with such a tri
bunal, and the people sustained them in their contumacy.
The case proceeded. Evidence was given for the prosecu
tion, by George Pack, Wm. Letts, Vincent Ronyon, Wm.
Cramer, Richard Michell, and Wm. Pardon. No evidence
was given for the defence. The accused were severally
found guilty of a riot ; and, the next day, appearing in court,
received sentence ; Wm. Meeker to pay £5, and each of the
others, £3 ; the fines to be collected by distraint. The fines
were not payed ; yet no distraint followed. The marshal,
Samuel Moore, of Woodbridge, was powerless in the presence
of an outraged and indignant people, whose opposition to the
Governor and his party had now become more than ever de
termined.* The Newark settlers appear to have been in full sympathy
with their brethren here. They were evidently quite as little
pleased with the Governor's policy. At a
Town Meeting 22d Jan'y, 1671, Mr. Treat and Lieut Swain are de
puted, to Take the first opportunity to Advise with Mr. Ogden, or any
other they see OauseJ what may be the Safest and Best Course to be
taken for the Town, about our Lands and Settlements here.
If Carteret may give away land in E. Town, he may in
Newark ; if one lot, he may dozens. There is ground for
alarm, f
The General Assembly met again in this town, March
26th, following, and held an adjourned meeting, on the 14th
of May. As in the case of the meetings of the previous year,
the record of these two meetings, also, has been destroyed.
The proceedings evidently were not to the Governor's mind,
and he takes the responsibility, through Mr. Pardon, the
Secretary, utterly to suppress them — a fearful responsibility
* E. J. Eecords, III. 78-S0. t Nowark Town Eecords, p. 43.

144 THE HISTORY OF
in a free government ! He might just as well suppress the
Legislature itself. It is the policy of the Stuarts, transferred
to America, where it is less likely to prevail than in Great
Britain. The people, neither there nor here, will be trifled
with. They will not submit to despotism.*
The character of the deliberations of the popular branch
of the Legislature may be readily conjectured by the follow
ing extract from the Newark Records :
Town Meeting, 13th May, 1672. Mr. Crane and Lient Swain that
were Chosen representatives for the Town, are desir'd by the Town to
consult with the rest of the representatives of the Country, to order Mat
ters for the safety of the Country.
This was the day before the adjourned meeting. Of
course " the safety of the Country," as put in jeopardy by
Gov. Carteret, was the all-engrossing topic. f
As the Governor refused both to preside over the Assem
bly, either in person or by deputy, and to recognize the law
fulness of the convocation, the Representatives, as authorized
by the Concessions, called Capt. James Carteret, who still
continued to reside in the town, to preside over the House of
Burgesses, as they were called. By virtue of this appoint
ment, he issued a warrant, " to the constable of Eth Towne
or his deputy," May 25, 1672, as follows :
These are in his Matle" Name to Will and require You to apprehend the
body of William Pardon and him to keepe in Safe Custody nntill further
order, or untill he deliver up the Acts of Lanes made by the General As
sembly at their Setting the 26th of March Last the Which Laues the said
Wm Pardon now refuseth to deliver." J
Constable Meeker does not hesitate to acknowledge the
authority of Capt. James, and proceeds to make the arrest of
the Governor's partisan and fellow-conspirator. Finding the
atmosphere of the town somewhat dangerous, Gov. Carteret
flies to Bergen, and, on the 28th of May, convenes his coun
cil, Vauquellin, Edsall, Bishop, Berry, Andrus, Pyke and
Pardon, the latter having escaped the custody of Meeker.
Treat has returned to Connecticut, and Bond favors his
* E. J. Records, III. 64. t Newark Town Eecords, p. 44.
t E. J. Eecords, III. 64. Learning and Spicer, p. 15.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 145
townsmen. A Proclamation is issued, in which the following
language is used :
Whereas, we are certainly informed of several Eregular and Illegal
proceedings and Actions of several Persons styling themselves The Depu
ties or Representatives for the Country, in Attempting the making an Alter
ation in this Government by Assembling together at Elizabeth Towne,
the fourteenth day of May Last under the Denomination aforesaid, with
out writts from the Governor, or without the knowledge, approbation or
.consent of the Governor and Councill abovesaid, and by Electing a Pres
ident for the Country and making Proclamation publickly of these their
Illegal Actions, All which tends only to Mutiny and Rebellion, &c.
From this document it appears, that the Assembly was
composed of " Deputies for Elizabeth Town, Newark,
Woodbridge, New Piscataway and one from Bergen." The
Governor expresses his determination, unless they " declare
their submission within ten days," to proceed against them
" as Muteeneers and as Enemies to the Government ; " adding,
" and if by this means there should be any blood shed We
do hereby Cleer our Selves before God and Man from the
Guilt thereof," A plain declaration of war, truly, and of
evil portent. The breach is irreparable. The people have
taken their stand deliberately, and are not to be driven from
it. They know their rights, and how to maintain them.*
How it was, that Capt. James Carteret, the son of one of
the Lords Proprietors, was led to take sides with the town
against the Governor, is not clear. He may have come into
collision with his kinsman on the question of authority, or of
deference to his position ; or he may have been playing the
game of Absalom, hoping soon to supersede the present in
cumbent. Or, with the liberal impulses of a sea-captain, he
may have heartily espoused the cause of the people, in the
interests of truth and right. At all events, he was quite
willing to take the leadership of the popular party in the
province. Armed with the" Proclamation of the refugee Governor,
the fugitive Secretary returns, June 3, to overawe his old
neighbors, and to read the document in town-meeting, as
* E. J. Eecords, III. 88.
10

tr>

146 THE HISTORY OF
was required of each of the towns. But, to his utter confu
sion, he is once more arrested by Goodman Meeker, and
brought before Capt. Carteret, at 10 o'clock' at night, by
whom he is consigned to the custody of the constable, and
kept a close prisoner for three weeks.
" Denyed liberty," as he testified, " to have private discourse with any,
or to write, hurried before the Capt., by whom, as also by the said Meaker,
I was frequently taunted at, and menaced, and also treated with scurrilous
and vile language." On Monday, the 24th, "having received a letter
from the Governor that I should repair to him to confer about [the mat
ter] and hands being sent for me att night I slipped ont of that town and
came to the Governor, at Bergen."*
The next day, 25th, a wairant is issued by Justice Ogden,
requiring Meeker " forthwith to assemble four men of good
report and with them to repair to the said William Pardon's
house and to attach what moveables of his can be found."
His offence is thus recited in the warrant :
Whereas William Pai'don of Elizabeth Town in the Province aforesaid
was arrested upon the Province account for nnjustly and obstinately de
taining the Laues of the Province made by the General Assembly at their
sitting March 26, 1672, which Lawes weare committed to the said Wil
liam Pardon to take a Copy of them by order of the said Assembly, which
he hath neglected and refused and also to deliver up the said Lawes unto
the Assembly at their next Sitting by whom they were demanded, &c.
Callingto his' aid " Goodman Tomson " (one of the Deputies)
and his son Hurr, Stephen Osborn, Robert and Peter Morse,
Nathaniel Tuttle, and John Wilson, the wheelwright, Meeker
proceeded to Pardon's house on the west side of the Creek,
between Tuttle's and Robert Morse's, and broke open a boarded
window in the side of the house, at which Peter Morse en
tered, and so opened the door, when they all entered and
carried away the moveables to Goodman Tomson's house, ex
cept his writing desk and papers, which were carried to
Capt. Carteret. Besides these, they seized his " crops on
the ground, 5 acres of pease," his "stock of boggs," his
"mares and coults," &c. "James the Governor's man,
Nicholas Mundy, Cramer and his wife, and many others,"
* Hies, at Trenton, N. J., Off. of Sec. of State.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 147
were' standing by. The testimony of Cramer and his wife,
taken shortly after, is on file, as also the copy of a letter from
Elizabeth Cramer, dated, July 1, 1672, addressed to "M'
Pardon w"1 my love unto you," both at the beginning and the
ending.* These were serious times for the infant settlement, calling
into exercise their Christian graces, and developing the
strength of their political principles. They had experienced
no such trials in their former homes, and had anticipated no
such collisions here. But they had taken their stand and
were not to be driven from it. The excitement, of course,
was intense.
Ten days before this transaction, the Council met and ad
vised Governor Carteret to " repair to England to Sir George
Carteret to acquaint his Honour fully of the state of the affairs
and grievances of this Province." A fortnight later, July 1,
they drew up a Memorial to "the absolute Lords Proprietors,"
in which they use this language. They complain of " several
persons," Who have a Long time been discontented and Oposit unto the Gov
ernor and Government who have of Late by their plottings and Combi
nations so carried matters that they have had such Influence into the
Election of Deputies for the Assemblys as that there are such persons
chosen as Deputies who having avoided taking the Oath of Assemblymen
according to the Concessions, and have taken Liberty to differ from the
Governor and Councill in Establishing matters for the Peace and Settle
ment of the People, and have now at last disorderly Assembled and pro
cured Cap' James Carterett as their President, who Joyned with them in
making disturbance in this Province, he taking upon him to head the said
persons endeavoring not only to disingage the people in subjection unto,
but also opposing and abusing the Governor and Councill, commanding
their Obedience to himself by virtue of his Warrants which he puts forth
in the King's name for that end, as also Prohibiting such Officer as act by
the Governor's Commission, and commanding them wholy to cease act
ing their offices untill they receive orders from himself, &c.
They affirm that " all these proceedings he carried on
with pretence that he hath Power sufficient, he being Sir
George Carterett's sonn, and that he himself is Proprietor and
* E. J. Eecords, III. 64, 82. Files in See's Off., Trenton.

148 THE HISTORY OF
can put out the Governor as he pleases, and that his Father
hath given him his part of the Province." They add,
" Although hee be Sir George Carterett's sonn, and for his
Father's sake we Honnour him accordingly, yet our oune
reason doth persuade us to believe that his Hon"1" Father
will never Countenance his son in such dishonorable unjust
and violent proceedings." *
These simple-hearted planters had dared to think for them
selves, and to have a policy of their own in relation to the
making and the administering of the laws by which they
were to be governed. They had even " taken liberty to dif
fer from the Governor and Councill," in these matters,— a
liberty not to be tolerated under the Stuart dynasty. Such
was their offence, as set forth by the opposing party — noth
ing more. It must be borne in mind, that the documents
now accessible present only one side of this controversy.
The Representatives of this town, Newark and Piscataway,
prepared and forwarded a Memorial to the Lords Proprie
tors, setting forth their grievances and complaints, which
drew forth a brief response from Berkeley and Carteret.
But neither this memorial, nor any other paper or records
emanating from the people at this juncture, from which the
precise nature of the difficulties can be learned, is known to
have survived the conflict. They have probably all per
ished. On the first of July, Gov. Carteret issued a Declaration,
denying the truth of certain " Reports raised and bruited
abroad that tends to Render the Governor unjust in his Ac
tion and unfaithful to the Lords Proprietors and country."
Shortly after, he and his officials, Bollen, Vauquellin and
Pardon, with Samuel Moore, the Marshal, left the country
and returned to England, Capt. Berry, of the Council, hav
ing been appointed by Carteret, " Deputy to officiate in his
Absence." On the 9th of July, Capt. James Carteret issued
a writ of attachment against the house and lands and all the
estate of Wm. Pardon, " escaping away for England." And
thus the matter rested for a season. Berry kept himself
* E. J. Records, III., 55-«.

ELIZABETH, NEW' JERSEY. 149
mostly on his own plantation at Bergen, Capt. James Car
teret occupying the government house in this town, and
making occasional visits to the house of Mayor Delavall, at
New York. These trips to the neighboring city resulted in
his marriage, April 15, 1673, to Frances, daughter of Capt. "
Thomas Delavall, Merchant and Mayor of New York.*
Bollen, Pardon and Moore returned from England, early
in May, 1673, having arranged every thing to their satisfac
tion, and obtained the requisite papers and all necessary au
thority, from the Duke and the two Lords, to reduce the
people to subjection. One of these papers, bearing date,
Nov. 25, 1672, was addressed, by the Duke of York, to his
Deputy at New York, Col. Lovelace ; instructing him to
take notice, that the grant of his predecessor, Col. Nicolls,
to John Baker and his Associates, of Dec. 1, 1664, was void
in law, and directing him to make it known to the persons
concerned: void, "as I am informed," says the Duke; re
ferring to " an extra-judicial opinion " of certain counselors
in England, to whom the case had been referred for advice ;
an opinion in which " the facts are untruly stated and the
law mistaken ; " so much so, that, when the Duke's letter
was read to Gov. Lovelace's Council in New York, May 25,
1673, a previous " letter from the Lords Proprietors to Col.
Nicolls, confirming his Patents before Capt. Philip Carteret's
arrival " in 1665, was produced ; whereupon it was ordered
that " the State of the Case be returned to his Royal High
ness." At a later date, as, in the course of events, will ap
pear, a regular judicial opinion was obtained, and Nicolls'
patents declared to be in accordance with law and of full
force and obligation. f
They brought, also, a letter, dated, Dec. 9, 1672, from the
King, to Berry and his Council, confirming their authority,
and requiring them to exact from the settlers all due obedi
ence ; thus making, for the first time, the Governor and
Council officers of the Crown. " Instructions " were, also,
* E. J. Eecords, III. 55. New York Marriages, pp. 68, 105. Valentine's Manual of N. Y.
for 1855, p. 493. Stearns' Newark, pp. 52-7.
t Learning and Spicer, pp. 31-32. E. Town Bill, pp. 40-1. Ans. to do., pp. 25-6, 80-1.

150 THE HISTORY OF
sent, from Berkeley and Carteret, to the Governor and Coun
cil, — a Paper explanatory of the Concessions ; — and a
Declaration to the People of the Province ; both papers de
signed and adapted to sustain Gov. Philip Carteret in "his
"pretensions. In their Response to the Petition of the Rep
resentatives, they give them no encouragement of redress,
but promise to consider their case, if they should send over
any person to make good their Allegations. Pardon had se
cured an order of indemnity " for the several Indignities,
Losses, and Injuries done unto him by Wm. Meeker, Con
stable of Elizabeth Town, his Assistants and all others con
cerned." *
The first recorded proceeding of Dep. Gov. Berry and his
Council, after the reception of these papers, was the issuing
of a proclamation, May 21, 1673, forbidding all persons to
buy the estates of Meeker and his associates, if offered for
sale, of 'which the constable of the town was to notify the
people. An order was published, the next day, requiring
all malcontents — " those persons who were the chief actors in
attempting the making an alteration in the government," to
make " their submission at the town of Berge*n," on " the
10th day of June next ensuing," "when such as are con
scious of their offences may repair to crave remission,
and after that time to expect no favour but what the Law
affords." f
Not content with this exhibition of power, they issued on
the same day a Proclamation, in which they reminded the
people, that, according to the Declaration of the L. Propri
etors, No person or persons whatever shall be accounted a freeholder of the
province, nor have any vote in electing, nor be capable of being elected
for any office of trust, either civil or military, until he doth actually bold
his or their lands by patent from them.
Therefore, they required all who desired to be regarded as
freeholders to repair to the Secretary of the Province, to ob
tain warrants for surveys ; or if already furnished with such
* Learning and Spicer, pp. 82-41. E. J. t E. J. Eecords, III. 82.
Eecords, III. 64,

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 151
warrants, then to obtain patents in due form, within a limited
time ; ten weeks being allowed the people of this town :
And whosoever shall neglect so to do within the time limited as afore
said shall lose the benefit of the L. Proprietors' favour in the premises
and forfeit such lands as they are settled upon and pretend unto.
With so high a hand, did Berry,
"Armed with a little brief authority,"
proceed to carry out his instructions. .Such measures, so far
from conciliating the disaffected, and uniting the discordant
elements of the population, tended directly to kindle anew,
and with redoubled fury, the flames of strife and bitterness.
So slow were the'Stuarts and their creatures in learning the
very first rudiments of social and political economy ! *
Meeker and his associates were brought to trial, June 24,
1673, for the damage done to Pardon the year before ; and,
of course, they were cast ; Meeker being condemned to for
feit his estate to Pardon, and the others to pay each £10.
Meeker was afterwards remunerated by the people, at least in
part, for his losses in this affair.
To counteract and nullify the designs and measures of their
now exultant adversaries, it was determined to send a mes
senger, with a suitable petition, to the authorities in England.
At the " Town Meeting, July 1st, 1673," of the Newark
people, It was Voted and agreed by the General and universal Consent and
Vote of all our People, that there should be an Address by way of Peti
tion, sent to the Lords Proprietors of this Province, for the removing of
the Greviances incumbent, and obtaining of what may be necessary for
the Good of the Province.t
A committee of five men were chosen " to consider with
the messengers from the other Towns about sending a Petition
to England." Also " to agree with Mr. Delevall [of New
York], the father-in-law of Capt. Carteret, about Money to
send a Messenger to England." The same course, doubtless,
was taken by this town.
* E. J Eecords, III. t Newark Town Eecords, p. 50

152 THE HISTORY OF
Many of the first- settlers, here and at Newark, w'ere per
sonally known to Mr. John Winthrop, Governor of Connec
ticut, " the most accomplished scholar and gentleman of New
England," an humble and devout Christian, and of influence
second to none in America. He was personally known to
Berkeley and Carteret, having spent a considerable time at
court in 1662, in negotiating the Charter of Connecticut. A
full representation of the case is made to him ; and in con
nection with Mr. Samuel Willis, one of the Magistrates at
Hartford, he wrote, July 2, 1673, to Sir George Carteret, at
London, as follows :
Right Honourable : There baving divers persons of good repute and
approved integrity who were formerly improved in publicke offises in this
Colony, viz : Mr Jaspar Crane, Mr John Odgden, Mr Robert Bond, Mr
Abraham Peirson, Mr Brewen with many of their Lovinge Neighbours and
friends wel disposed men, of sober and peaceable conversation did Trans
plant themselves And famalys into your Honours Province, who beinge
persons well known to us, But strangers to your Honour desired us to
give you our Carracter of them that soe they might not bee misrepresent
ed, whose presence in this Colony was both acceptable, andusefull; and
theire return To us would bee very gratfull. But that wee would promote
in your Honour's Colony that good worke of subduing the Earth and re-
plenishinge of it, which in this remote, desert part of the world never
Formerly inhabited nor Cultivated is A very difficulte worke, and requires
much hard Labour, to subdue so Ruff and woody A wildernesse. In this
Cold Clymet where clothinge is very Deare, beinge so far distant From
the Market. Soe that the people will need the more encouragement which
we doubt not upon all occasions will be afforded them. Upon which the
progresse and prosperity of your province doth depend. In.order to which
we would further make bould to suggest unto your Honours Wisdome
and pi'udence, As very expedient, that your Colony be Branched out into
Convenient Townshipps, which we findeBest Conducinge to Safty and the
advansinge of Civill Societays. Thus wishinge your Honour all pros
perity in the well settlement of this your American Province — wee
are, &c.
Of this letter, so complimentary to the early settlers of this
neighborhood, and so complete a vindication of those worthy
men from the aspersions then and now cast upon them, Capt.
Berry presently received kuowledge, and, supposing that it
was designed to induce the New England people to return to
Connecticut, ho wrote in remonstrance, and received, by

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 153
Capt. Nicolls, a reply from Winthrop, dated July 29, 1673,
in which, after correcting Berry's misapprehensions, he
says :
It hath beene very faiT from my acting or intentions to incourage or
invite any one to a removall thence. I have often at their first beginning
there and since, as I had occasion, incoui'aged that good publicke designe
of planting that place, and am alwaies desirous to promote the prosperous
increase of those plantations, and therein, and all other good respects to
be ever Your very reall servant.*
It is not known whether the messenger, with the people's
petition and Gov. Winthrop's introductory letter, was sent or
not. Circumstances occurred soon after, that suddenly put
an end to these negotiations, and brought the town into en
tirely new and unexpected relations.
* S Mass, His, Soe, Coll,, X. 85, 6.

154 THE HISTORY OF

CHAPTER VIII.
A. D. 1673-1674.
Departure of James Carteret and Hopkins — Vessel captured by the Dutch —
Hopkins discloses the weakness of N. Y. — Capture of the City by the Dutch
— Deputation from E. Town at N. Y. — N. Jersey yields to the Dutch — Land
Claims confirmed — New Officials — Recusancy of Vauquellin — Census of
E. T. Men — Notices of the new Comers — Militia Officers — Edicts — Indian
Depredations — Monthly Day of Prayer appointed — Legislative Assembly —
Redress of Injuries — Termination of Dutch Rule.
Capt. James Caeteeet had scarcely completed his honey
moon, before he received, by Capt. Bollen, dispatches and
instructions from his aged father, requiring him to retire from
the scene of conflict in New Jersey, and look after his patri
mony in Carolina. He was now the only surviving son of
his father, — his elder brother, Sir Philip, having been slain
in battle, almost a year before, — May 28, 1672. Bidding
farewell, therefore, to the kind people of the town, he took
passage, with his wife, early in July, 1673, (after nearly two
years' sojourn in the town), on board of a sloop, Samuel Da
vis,, captain, bound for a southern port. Samuel Hopkins,
one of the planters "of the town, accompanied them. Eng
land had now been at war with the United Provinces of Hol
land since' March of the previous year. The fleets of the
contending parties were traversing the seas in search of mer
chantmen, rendering navigation peculiarly hazardous.
As Davis's sloop was entering between the Capes of Vir
ginia, a Dutch fleet was seen coming out of James River,
where, July 11th, they had captured, " near Point Comfort,"
several English vessels. The sloop was speedily overhauled
and added to the list of prizes. Capt. Carteret and his wife

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 155
were set ashore in Virginia, to pursue their course further
south, as best they could. Hopkins, because, probably, of his
interest in the cargo, was retained ; possibly, by choice.
How it fared with Carteret, afterwards, in Carolina, and at
what time he returned, if at all, to the Isle of Jersey, history
does not inform us.*
Anxious to get possession once more of their old American
colony, New Netherland, the Dutch commanders eagerly
sought, of Capt. Davis, information of the defences of New
York. Davis " told them,"
That New Yorke was in a very good condicon, & in all respects able
to defend itselfe hauing receiued a good supply of armes & animunic&n
from his Royall Highness tho Duke of Yorke wth adnice of their designe
on that- place wch made them resolue to steere another course, & not goe
to New Yorke, when one Samuell Hopkins a passenger in y° said sloope,
& Inhabitant at Arthur Call in New England, & a professor there did vol
untarily declare to ye Dutch that what the said Dauis had informed was
* N. Y. Col. Docmts., III. 200. The last that is known of bim is very deplorable. Jasper
Dankers and Peter Sluyter, the Labadist travelers, being.at Harlem, N. Y., Oct. 6, 1679, were
under the necessity of spending the night, at a house " constantly filled with people, all the
time drinking, for the most part, execrable rum." Dankers says,
"Among the crowd we found a person of quality, an Englishman, named Capt. Carteret,
whose father is in great favor with the king [James IL], and he himself had assisted in sev
eral exploits in the king's service. The king has given to his father Sir (George) Carteret,
the entire government of the lands west of the North Eiver, in New Netherland, with power
to appoint as governor whom he pleases ; and at this present time there i3 a governor over it,
hy his appointment, another Carteret, his nephew, I believe, who resides at Elizabethtown,
in New Jersey. This son is a very profligate person. He married a merchant's daughter
here, and has so lived with his wife that her father has been compelled to take her home again.
He runs about among the farmers, and stays where he cau find most to drink, and sleeps in
barns on the straw. If he conducted himself properly, he could be not only governor here,
but hold higher positions, for he has studied the moralities, and seems to have been of a good
understanding; but that is all now drowned. His father, who will not acknowledge him as
his son, as before, allows him yearly as much only as is necessary for him to live."
From the fact that his father disowned him on account of his profligacy in his later years,
grew, most probably, the report of his having been an illegitimate son— utterly inconsistent,
as it is, with the above statement, and other well-ascertained facts previously adduced in
these pages. James Carteret, it is probable, did not long survive bis father, who died Jan
14, 1679-SO. His daughter, Elizabeth, was married, in Jersey, (1.) to  Carteret; and, (2.)
Nov. 11, 3699, to Phi3ip Pipon, Esq., of Jersey. She was buried, on the anniversary of her
marriage-day, in 1T20. Their children were, 1. James, baptized, Oct. 1, 1700 ; 1. Elias, bap.,
Nov. 22, 1702; 3. Delavall, (a daughter), bap., May U, 1704; 4. Louise, bap., Mar. 26, 1707; 5
Jeane, bap., Mar. 10, 1709 ; 6. Philip, bap , July 22, 1711 ; and, 7. John, bap., Aug. 5, 1716. Ean
dell's Island, adjacent to New York, purchased by herfather, (with Great Barn Island), for $200
came, on the division of the estate, to Mrs. James Carteret ; and after the death of herself and
husband, to this daughter, Elizabeth. Her son, Elias, relinquishing the estate in Jersey to his
brother James, came to this country in 1732, and took possession of the Island, calling it Belle-
Isle. In 1739, it was sold for the benefit of his creditors, after which, ho is thought to have
returned to England. Historical Magazine, I. 297-9 X. 157-S. Valentine's Manual for 1S55
pp. 493-4.

156 THE HISTORY OF
alltogether falsa, that New Yorke was in no condicion to defend itselfe
ag' the Dutch, &c. ; all W* encouraged the Dutch to visitt that place; all
theyr cry was for New Yorke, to which place they came ; wci was pres
ently taken by them [July 30] : Where the said Hopkins encouraged the
Dutch to proceede to the takeing of Arthur Cull haueing discovered to
them allso the weakenes of that place : The said Hopkins had formerly
made his aboade w"1 Cap' James Carterett.*
Such was the testimony given, by eye-witnesses, on the oc
casion of investigating the circumstances of the surrender of
New York to the Dutch. Hopkins had been identified with
the popular party in the town, and, doubtless, welcomed the
advent of the Dutch forces, and the change of government,
as likely to put an end to the vexatious exactions, to which
he and his neighbors had so long been subjected. It seemed,
moreover, like a special providence for their relief — an answer
to their fervent prayers. The term set by Berry and his
Council for their submission, was just then expiring, and
they were preparing for another contest, in which the domi
nant party would be supported by Gov. Lovelace of New
York, and thus enabled to enforce the Proprietary exactions
to the utmost. Berry and Lovelace are now, by a remarka
ble interposition, summarily deposed, and deprived of all
power to harm them.
It is not strange, therefore, that the sturdy pioneers of the
town, wearied out with the vexations of the previous five
years, should readily give in their adhesion to the new gov
ernment. Nine days after the surrender of New York, Nathan
Gould of Stamford writes to Gov. Winthrop, — " Its informed
that Authur Cull Mr Cartwright's party hath all ready com-
plyed & the other party is sumoned to appeare next Tues
day," the 12th of September. It must have been with pe
culiar satisfaction, " that when Cap* Berry came to the ffort
uppon the Account of surrender Mr Hopkins tould him that
his business was done " — his occupation gone.f
Thi;ee days after the surrender, Saturday, Sept. ^j-, the
following record is entered on the Minutes of the Council of
War, at " New Orange," as New York was now called :
» N. Y. Co!. Doomts , III. 200, 1, 18, 14. t N. Y. Col. Docmts.,111. 201.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 157
John Baker, Jacob Melyn, John Ogden, cum sociis, Deputies from
the village of Elizabethtown, New-worke, Woodbridge and Piscatteuay,
situate in the Province heretofore called New Yarsey, praying by peti
tion, that they may be allowed to send some Delegates from their said
villages to treat with the Admirals and associate Council of war respect
ing the surrender of their towns under the obedience of their High
Mightinesses, the Lords States of the United Netherlands, and his Serene
Highness, the Prince of Orange, and that no audience be granted to their
late Governor, Capt. John Berry, before and until the same be granted
to the said Delegates, &c.
Ordered — The Petitioners, namely the inhabitants of the villages of
Elizabets Towne, Nieworke, Woodbridge and Piscattaway, are hereby
allowed to send their Delegates hither on next Tuesday morning, to treat
with us.
The three remaining villages were ordered to send their Deputies
at the same time, or be subdued "by force of arms."*
On the following Friday, ^-th, it was ordered, " that all
the inhabitants of those towns shall be granted the same
Privileges and Freedoms as will be accorded to native born
subjects and Dutch towns; also the Petitioners and their
heirs shall unmolested enjoy and possess their lawfully pur
chased and .paid for lands, which shall afterwards be con
firmed to them by the Governor in due form ; " and " the
Petitioners are granted and accorded Freedom of conscience
as the same is permitted in the Netherlands. "f
Again, it is recorded, Saturday, Aug. x'-g-th, that
The Deputies from the Towns of Elizabets Towne, Neu uoi-ke, Wood-
bridge, Piscattaway,' Middeltowne and Sehrousbury appearing, ore or
dered to call together the inhabitants of their respective Towns, and to
have them nominate by plurality of votes, a double number for Schepens
or Magistrates of said Towns ; also from each Town to elect two Depu
ties, who shall meet together as one Boai'd, and then nominate, by the
greater number of votes, three persons for Schout and three for Secretary,
over the said six Towns.
Bergen had been already provided foi-4
Four days afterwards the nominations for Schepens were
presented to the Council, and on the following day, 44-,
" John Ogden, Senior, Samuel Hopkins, and Jacob Melyn,"
•
* N. t. "Col. Docmts., II. 571, 8. t N. T. Col. Docmta., II. 576. t lb., II. 679.

158 THE HISTORY OF
were elected " Schepens of Elizabets Towne," and ordered
to " come hither on the first opportunity to be sworn in." *
The several towns chose their Deputies, and these met to
gether and made their nominations for Schout and Secretary ;
from which nominations, the Generals and Council of War
made choice, Sept. 1, 1673, of "Mr. John Ogden to be
Schout and Mr. Samuell Hopkins to be Secretary " of the six
towns, Giveing & by these presents granting unto the sd John Ogden & Sam
uel Hopkins & each of them, full pouwer strenght & authority in their
said offices. The said Schout together wth yc Schepens or magistrates of
y° respective Townes to Eule & governe as well their- Inhabitants as Stran
gers and ye sd Samuel Hopkins to administer the office of Secretary in ye
sd Townes.t The Schout and Secretary were, also, directed " to take an
Inventory of the Estate of the late Governor Carteret."
Captain Knyf and Captain Snell, with Abram Varlet as
Clerk, were appointed, Sept. 6, to repair to the several towns
" at Achter Coll, and to administer the oath of allegiance to
all the inhabitants." J
Sept. 7th, 1673,
Schout John Ogden and Secretary Samuel Hopkins appearing, com
plain that Eobert Lap3-iere hath removed divers goods from the house. of
Philip Carteret which he refuses to restore ; also that one John Single-
tary refuses to obey their commands ; whereupon 'tis ordered to arrest
said persons and bring them hither, to which end some soldiers are fur
nished. They are furthermore ordered to summon James Bollen, late
Secretary of the Province of New Yersey, to deliver up, agreeably to
former order the Governor's papers within the space of 10 days after
this date, or in default thereof, his property shall be at the disposal of the
Honbl° Council of War. §
This order sheds light upon some of the troubles of the
town. " Lapriere," or Laprairie, was the familiar name by
which the Surveyor General, Vauquellin, was known. Both
he and Singletary (of whom no other record is known),
were arrested by Schout Ogden, sent to New York, and, on
* N. Y. Col. Docmts., II. 5S2. t lb., II. 595. t lb., II. 595, 8.
§ lb., II. COO. Singletary is afterwards called "Jonathan;" the same, probably, with
him who was at Haverhill, Mass., in 1C68. Savage, IV. 102.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY.

159

the 9th, examined by the Council, the charges against them
being denied. Four days after, Mr. Ogden being present,
the charges were sustained ; Singletary was fined £5, and
put on his good behavior : Vauquellin, was found guilty, not
only of contumacy, but of sedition, and was condemned " to
be banished as an example to others." *
The same day, the commission returned to the city, and
reported that, on the 11th of September, they had adminis
tered the oath of allegiance to the inhabitants of the several
towns. They rated " Elizabethtown " at " 80 men, 76 of
whom have taken the oath; the remainder absent." The
names are recorded as follows :

John Ogdon senior
Samuell Hopkins
Jacob Moleyn
John Baacker
Mathyas hettffield
. Jonathan Ogdon
John Woodrooff
Lennard hendly
Benjamin Price senior
Benjamin Price junior
Thomas price
Nathaniel buniell
Isacq Whithead sen1
Isacq Whithead junr
James Bullin
John Ogdon jun'
Joseph Ogdon
David Ogdon
Benjamin Ogdon
Benjamin Parkis
Richard skinner
George Moris
Steven Ozburn
Benjamin homes
Joseph Seers
Joseph bond
Moses Tomson

Joseph Ozburn
Tho» Willson Truax (Dutch)
Tompson
Henry Moris
William Meecker
Joseph Meecker
Benjamin Meecker
Henry homes
Garret Egberts (Dutch)
John . . ttle
Hendr Jans (Dutch)
Simonson (Item)
Simpkins Johnson
Humphry Spinidge
William oliver
David Oliver
Charles Tucker
George Boss
Nickles Carter
John Carter
Samuell Mash senior
uell Mash junr
Joseph ffrasey
George Packer

Thomas Tomson
henry Thomson
Nathaniell Tutle
John Pope
Bobbert Moss
Pieter Moss
William Hall
Samuel Trotter
Stephen Crane
William Cramer
Erancis barber
Henry Lyon
Thomas Lyon
Dirck Teunisen (Dutch)
Jacob Cornells (Item)
Tyss Servaes (Item)
William Pills
Jonas Wood
Simon Bows.
Thomas Jonge
Jeffrey Jones out of
the government
Roger Lambath
Stevens Salsben-y
Luke Wattson
Ephraim Price t

* N. Y. Col. Docmts., II. 603, 6, 7.

t Alb. Records, XXIII. 271.

16q THE HISTORY OF
The manuscript being torn and defaced, some of the names
are not fully recorded. Others are manifestly incorrect:'
" Hendly " should be Headley ; " Buniell," Bunnell ; " Bul-
lin," Bollen ; " Henry Moris," Henry Norris ; " Packer,"
Pack ; " Jonge," Young ; " Lambath," Lambert ; " Stevens
Salsberry," Evans Salsbury ; "Thomas Willson," John Wil
son ; "John . . ttle," is John Little; "Benjamin Homes" is
probably Benjamin Homan; "Hall" should be Hill, and
"Henry Tomson," Hurr Tomson.
Of those who took the oath in Feb. 166|, Andris, Dicken
son, Thomas Pope, Trotter, and " the greater John Wilson,"
had died : three were represented, each of them, by a son.
Shotwell had been exiled by Carteret. Eobert Bond may
have been enrolled at Newark ; Wolverson had returned to
New Orange [York] ; Brackett had sold out to Samuel Hop
kins, and returned to New Haven; Pichard Painter had
sold out to Daniel De Hart, and left the town ; Carwithy had
returned to Long Island ; Christopher Young and Dennis
White had sold out and removed ; John Haines may have
been absent ; and Jeremiah Osborn had either removed or
had deceased ; John Winans, Barnabas Wynes, Thomas
Moore, John Gray, and John Parker were residents but not
enumerated. Two more sons of John Ogden, Joseph and Benjamin, had
come to years; three sons, also, of Benjamin Price, viz., Ben
jamin, Thomas, aud Ephraim; Isaac Whitehead's son, Isaac,
also ; Goodman Thompson's two sons, Aaron and Hurr ; Wil
liam Meeker's two boys, Joseph and Benjamin ; William
Oliver's son, David; Nicholas Carter's son, John; and
Samuel Marsh's son, Samuel; these all had grown to men's.
estate, since 1665. Stephen Osborn, too, has followed his
brother, Joseph, to this new country.
Several new planters had come in, and some, who had
come before, had become land-owners. They are worthy of
being numbered with the Founders of the town, as they came
when every thing was new, and were valuable accessions to
the Colony.
William Hill [not Hall] was a cordwainer, and had come

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. Igl
over with Carteret. He obtained an allotment of 60 acres,
of which the survey is not recorded. He sold, Jan. 1, 167-f,
his house and lot to Benjamin Wade. He, or his son, of the
same name, was numbered among Mr. Harriman's parishion
ers from -1691 (perhaps earlier) to 17.03. He was admitted
among the later Associates, and drew No. 70 of the 100-acre
lots, next to Eobert Woolley."
Samuel Hopkins was at Milford, Ct., in 1658, and possibly
much earlier. Thence he removed to New Haven, where,
Dec. 5, 1667, he married Hannah, daughter of Capt. Nathan
iel Turner, of New Haven. Her father was lost, Jan. 1646,
in the celebrated merchantman sent out by the people of
that town. The daughter was baptized at New Haven, Nov.
17, 1639, and occupies the first place in the baptismal rec
ord. Her son, Samuel, was born at New Haven, Aug. 30,
1668, and her daughter, Hannah, May 2, 1670. In the latter
part of the same year, Mr. Hopkins, with his wife and two
babes, removed to this town, induced thereto, most probably,
by John Brackett, Senr, whose third lot-right he had pur
chased.. Mention has already been made of him in connec
tion with Capt. James Carteret, from which it appears that
Hopkins was an active and influential member of the church,
and a zealous advocate of the people's rights. Under the
Dutch rule, he was chosen one of the Schepens of the
town, and appointed Secretary of the Province. His house-
lot contained four acres, bounded, N., by a highway ;
W., by Samuel Sturrige ; S., by Elizabeth Creek ; and,
E., by John Ogden, Jr., a way passing between them to
the landing-place. He had, also, 12 acres of upland,
" within the Common Fence at the W. side of the plaine,"
bounded by Joseph Sayre, Isaac Whitehead, Senr, and
two highways. His "great accommodation," as the larger
division of land was called, is not on record. He had a
warrant for 120 acres. He was, doubtless, a trader, and
accustomed to travel into distant parts, as when he ac
companied Capt. James Carteret to Virginia in 1673. His
* E. T. Boot, B. 23. E. J. Ke$rds, B. 60.
11

162 THE HISTORY OF
death occurred not later than Oct. 1678. His wife survived
him.* Eogee Lambert was a blacksmith, from Wiltshire, Eng.,
and was descended from an ancient Norman, family — Bo
dolph de Lambert's, and from a collateral branch of the fam
ily of Oliver Lambert, Earl of Lavan, 1617. Jesse Lambert,
of Milford, Ct., was his cousin. Eoger, who had never seen
him since coming over, wrote to him from this town, Sep.
25, 1684, a loving epistle of fraternal greeting :
After my loue to you with my wife's, these are to lett you understand
that I haue been informed by seuerall of your being att Milforde, in New
Englande, the which caused me to write seuerall letters to yon before this,
but neuer could haue one line from you. I haue written very often home
to England — to my father, -but neuer could heare f3-om him, and soey6
last letter that I did send it was to your father ;
and much more of like import, written in a Christian spirit,
signed — " Eoger Lambard." He was, evidently, a man of
substance and consideration.
He had a house-lot containing 16 acres, 16 by 10 chains,
bounded, N, by the highway; E., by Eobert White ; S., by
Daniel Ogden " in ye Swamp ;" and, W., by his own land.
He had, also, six acres of upland, adjoining Capt. John
Baker, and the Common Swamp ; also 8 acres of the swamp ;
also, 30 acres of upland, on the N. W. side of the Swamp,
adjoining Eiehard Beach, William Cramer, and Nicholas
Carter; and 8£ acres of meadow, on " the Great Eiver Called
the Sound, between two Small Creeks." He had, also, 60
acres "in a Swamp at the Mile brook," adjoining Nicholas
Carter, John Little, and George Pack ; and six acres of
meadow " in the Eawack Meadows : " in all 131^ acres. His
son John, also, had an allotment, consisting of 100 acres on
" the Bay," adjoining Gov. Carteret, and William Letts.f
For some reason, the father had made himself obnoxious to
the ruling powers, possibly during the land controversies of
the day ; and, in consequence, execution was issued, by Jus-
* Savage, II. 402. N. Y. Col. Doc, II., 5S2, 505, 600, 2, 5, 6, 633 ; III. 200-1 213-4. E. J.
Eecords, II. 97, 105 ; o. e. 25. E. T. Bill, p. 102,
t Lambert's New Haven, pp, 206-9. E. J. Eecords, 1. 154; II. 19, 29, 89 • o e T E. T.
Bill, pp. 101,118.

ELIZABETH,- NEW JERSEY. 163
tice Sandford of Bergen, to Samuel Moore, Provost Marshal,
against the goods and chattels of Eoger Lambert, of Eliza
bethtown, N. J.
John Little was from Newbury, Mass. He was near of
kin, probably a brother, to George Little, who, in March,
1669-70, became a planter at Woodbridge, but afterwards
returned to Newbury. The family were from London. John
Little was a carpenter. He came here, not later than 1670.
He purchased, Dec. 16, 1670, for £65, of Evan Salisbury,
William Cramer's landed estate. He had two house-lots;
one, containing 10 acres, bounded, S., by George Pack; N,
by William Cramer; E., by a highway ; and W., by "the
highway that goeth to Woodbridge;" the other, containing
9 acres, bounded, S. W., by Eobert White ; N. E., by Eieh
ard Mitchell; S. E., by William Letts; and N. W., by the
Woodbridge road. He had, also, 30 acres of upland, adjoin
ing Capt. John Baker and Eoger Lambert ; also, 20 acres of
upland, adjoining Peter Morse and Stephen Crane ; also, 30
acres of upland, "in the plain," adjoining George Pack and
George Eoss ; also, 6 acres of swamp, N. W. of the Wood-
bridge Eoad, adjoining Eobert White and Eiehard Mitchell ;
also, 6 acres more of the same swamp, adjoining William
Cramer and George Pack ; also, 7 acres of meadow, a triangle,
" between the great Eiver and Tomson's Creek ; " also, 16
acres of meadow " in Eahauack meadows being between two
Creeks" — in all, 134 acres. He married, April 26, 1680,
Mary, a daughter of his neighbor, Eobert White, who, at
his death in April, 1713, survived him. He* left, also, four
sons — John, Jonathan, Eobert, and Anthony, and three
daughters, Martha, Comfort, Constance. His widow died in
1715* Heney Lyon was one of the founders of Milford, Ct., in
1639. He married, in 1652, Elizabeth, the only daughter of
William Bateman, of Fairfield, Ct., whither he removed in
1664. In 1667, he joined the Milford people, and eame to
Newark, of which he was one of the founders. He was ap-
* Coffin's Newbury, p. 308. Littell's Passaic Valley, p. 213. E. J. Eecords, 1. 154 ; o. e.
59 ; II. 19, 42. E. T. Bill, p. 107.

164 THE HISTORY OF
pointed, Jan. 166f, to keep the ordinary at Newark. For
several years, he was Treasurer of the town. He had an al
lotment of 130!- acres within the bounds of Newark. Shortly
before the Dutch conquest, he became one of the Associates
of this town, where he ranked among the leading men of the
place. His was the largest annual subscription to the sup
port of the Eev. John Harriman, of whose church he was a.
member. Pie was appointed Justice of the Peace, Aug.
1681 ; also, Feb. 28, one of the Council; also, Feb. 4, one of
the Judges of Small Causes, the commission being renewed,
May 1, 1686. He was a merchant, and of quite extensive
business. He purchasea, Nov. 1674, of John Martin, Senr, of Wood-
bridge, Capt. Bollen's property, and sold it, the following
year, to Carteret. He purchased, also, March 13, 167^-, Vau-
quellin's house and grounds, for £60. He received a war
rant for 36 acres, " due to him by Eights and purchase from
others." His house-lot contained 7 acres, bounded E., by
Henry Norris; S., by Hurr Thompson; W., by a highway;
and N, by a by-way. He had, also, 16 acres of upland, ad
joining the N. side of the above, with Henry Norris on the
E., and Benjamin Parkhurst on the N. ; also, 24 acres " in
the plaines," adjoining Joseph Bond ; also, 20 acres of upland
on "the Long Neck," a triangle between Benjamin Price,
Sen', and Isaac Whitehead, Senr ; also, 90 acres of upland,
adjoining, the plain, Benjamin Meeker, Joseph Meeker,
Eobert Bond, Henry Norris, and Isaac Whitehead, Sen' ; also
100 acres of upland, " Lying by the Lyne of Elizabeth Towne
and Newark," having " the boggy meadow " on the E., and
unsurveyed land on the W., the highway to Newark to go
through it, [since known as " Lyon's Farms "] ; also, 4 acres
of meadow on E. T. Creek, 7 acres of boggy meadow " at the
Cove," 18 acres on the Bay, and 20 acres on the- Creek,
formerly old John Ogden'S: in all 306 acres. He died in
1703, leaving a second wife, Mary.* Thomas Lyon, who,
* Lambert's N. Haven, pp. 90, 1, 8. Barber's His. Coll. of Ct., p. SSI. Newark .Town
Eocords. ;Index. Newark Bicentenary, p. 125. E.J. Eecords, I. o. o. S9; II. 17, 18, 93, 129,
141 ; o. e. 23 ; C. 18, 75, 106 ; E. 581. E. T. Bill, p. 107.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 16'5
also, took the oath in 1673, was his son, and, at that time,
was about 20 years old.
Geoege Moeeis was, doubtless, from New Haven, Ct., a
near kinsman of Thomas Morris, one of the founders of
Newark, in 1667. He came here, probably, a single man, as
his allotment was only 90 acres. He is known on the records
as a " Cordwainer." He had a house-lot, containing six
acres, bounded, E., by Eobert Vauquellin ; S. by a highway ;
W., by unsurveyed land ; and, N, by Benjamin Meeker, and
Vauquellin. He had, also, 6 acres of upland, bounded by
Benjamin Parkhurst, Henry Norris, John Wilson, and Henry
Lyon; also, 20 acres of upland "on the Plaine," adjoining
Leonard Headley ; also, 20 acres of upland on " the highway
that goes to Woodroffes Farme," adjoining Henry Norris,
Eobert Vauquellin and John Wilson ; also, 40 acres of up
land on the E. side of the Plain, adjoining Henry Norris,
John Woodruff, and Henry Lyon ; also 8 acres of meadow on
"the bound Creek," and 4 acres on the W. side of "Wood
roffes Creek : " in all, 104 acres. He died, Jan. 1689-90,*
Heney Noeeis was, probably, from Salem, Mass. The
Eev. Edward Norris [1589-1659] came from England to
Salem, in 1639, and became the colleague of the celebrated
Hugh Peters there. He left one son, Edward, born, 1614,
who may have been the father of Henry. The latter came
here before 1670, and proved to be a valuable settler. In
October, 1672, he came into possession of the allotment of
"Little John Wilson," first as Executor, and then, Dec. 11,
1675, as purchaser. Nov. 2, 1692, he was appointed one of
the Town Deputies to the Legislature. He had two house-
lots, containing 14 acres, bounded, S. W., by William
Meeker ; S. E., by Eobert Vauquellin ; N. E., and N. W.,
by highways. Pie had, also, 16 acres of upland, " on the E.
side of the Plaine," adjoining Joseph Bond, Henry Lyon,
and George Morris ; also, 24 acres of upland, bounded by
George Morris, Benjamin Parkhurst, Hurr Thompson, Henry
Lyon, and John Wilson ; also, 50 acres of upland, adjoining
* Newark Town Eecords. Index. Newark Bicentenary, p. 126. E. J. Eecords, II. 19,
104 ; o. o. 25. E. T. Bill, p. 108.

166 THE HISTORY OF
Eev. Jeremiah Peck, and Joseph Bond; also, 85 acres of
upland, " on the N. of the Plaine," and on the W. side of the
Newark Eoad, bounded by John Ogden, Jr, Benjamin Park
hurst, and Joseph Meeker; also, 20 acres of meadow "at
Mr"Woodroffe's Creek," having " Geese Creek " on the E. ;
also 4 acres on the Bay, 2 acres on the E. T. Creek, and an
other plot of 4 acres on the Creek : in all, 249 acres. He
died in May, 1706.*
Benjamin Paekis [Paekhuest] came here from Wood-
bridge, of which he was one of the first settlers. He proba
bly came thither with the Newbury Colony, and was of the
family of George Parkis, who settled at Watertown, Mass.,
as early as 1643. He exchanged, Aug. 8, 1672, as already.
related, his properties at Woodbridge, with Claude Vallot, of
this town, and became a permanent resident of this place, being
regarded with much consideration. He was a joiner, and
was ajjpointed, Mar. 22, 1679-80, Lieutenant of the Company
of Foot ; also, Justice of the Peace, Feb. 4, 168f ; also. Judge
of Small Causes, Mar. 28, 1683, and Captain, Dec. 3, 1683.
His house-lot, formerly Seeley's, has been described. He
had, also, 30 acres of upland, "on the E. side of the
Plaine," adjoining Henry Lyon, John Wilson, George Morris,
and Henry Norris ; also, 60 acres of upland, adjoining Jona
than Ogden and John Wilson ; also, 66 acres of upland in
the Plain, bounded by Leonard Headley, Jonathan Ogden,
Henry Norris, and Margaret Baker; also, 12 acres of meadow
on Woodruff's Creek, next the Great Island, 6 .acres on
" Arthur Cull Bay," and 3 acres on E. T. Creek : in all, 183
acres. Pie died, Feb. 168f, and his estate was valued at
£118. 16. O.f
William Pilles [Piles, Pile, Pyles] was from Piscat
away, N. H. He was at Salisbury, on the N. side of the
Merrimac river, opposite Newbury, in 1659 ; afterwards, at
Nantucket, and then at Dover, on the Piscataquay. As
several of his neighbors had migrated hither, and settled the
* Savage, III. 288-9. E. J. Eecords, I. 6S; II. IS, 100 : o. e. 28. E. T. Bill, p. 103.
t Savage, IIL 858. E. J. Eecords, 1. 184 ; II. IS, 90 ; o. e. 22 ; III. 166 ; C. IS, 20, 67. E. T.
Bill, p. 108.

ELIZABETH,- NEW JERSEY. 167
town of Piscataway, N. J., he was induced to follow them,
bringing with him two servants. He purchased of Gov.
Carteret, Feb. 10, 166£, "all his third Lott and, hows" on
the S. side of E. T. Creek. The same year, he succeeded
Luke Watson as Town Constable. He purchased, June 2,
1669, of John Ogden, Senr, for £40, 60 acres of upland and
20 acres of meadow on Eahway Neck ; also, Feb. 8, 167f-,
Caleb Carwithy's second division of land, 30 acres, for £11.
His house-lot adjoined Nicholas Carter, on the E., and Thomas
Pope on the W. He had 106 acres of upland, " called Eaha-
wack Neck," on "Eahawack Eiver," adjoining Humphrey
Spinage and Luke Watson ; also, 230 acres of upland, " on
the W. branch of Eawack Eiver, beginning at a wigwam
called Peters Wigwam," &c, adjoining a great swamp ;
also, 44 acres of meadow, " on the N. side of Eawack Neck,"
and on "Pilles Creek ; " and 14 acres of meadow, on the S.
and S.W. side of the Neck : in all 394 acres.*
Geoege Eoss was a carpenter from New Haven, Ct., where,
in 1658, he married Constance Little, and, the same year, was
admitted a freeman. He came here about 1670. He was
appointed, Dec. 3, 1683, Lieutenant ; and May 1, 1686, one
of the Judges of Small Causes. He was, also, one of the two
deacons of the church in Mr. Harriman's time. He had an
allotment of 120 acres "in Eight of himself & his wife."
His house-lot contained six acres, bounded, N.E., and N.W.,
by highways ; S.W., by Jonas Wood ; and S.E., by Caleb
Carwithy. He had, also, 18 acres of upland, " in the Neck,"
adjoining Barnabas Wines, William Johnson, and John
Gray ; also, 40 acres of upland, " on the plaines," adjoining
John Little and the fresh meadows ; also, 50 acres of upland,
" at Eahawack, upon the two mile brook," adjoining Peter
Morse ; also, in a triangle, 6 acres of meadow " at the Outer
most point of Elizabeth Town Creek," and on " the great
Eiver ; " and 12 acres at Eahway : in all, 132 acres. His
death occurred in 1702,f
Joseph Sayee [Sayees, Seaes, SEEEs]-was from South-
* Savage, III. 437. E. J. Eecords, I. 21, 24, 46, 66, 156 ; II. 20, 88 ; III. 24. E. T. Bill,
p. 103. t Savage, III, 577. E. J. Eecords, 1. 160 ; II. 19, 34; C 106. E. T. Bill, p. 105.

16S THE HISTORY OF
ampton, L. I. Thomas Sayre, of Bedfordshire, Eng., with a
family of several children, emigrated, in 1635, to Lynn, Mass.,
and thence,, in 1641, to Long Island. His son, Job, was one
of the six adventurers arrested by the Dutch authorities, in
May, 1640, for trespassing on their territory. Joseph, the
brother of Job, came here in 1667. In December of that
year, he united with others in a petition to the Governor to
have his lands surveyed. His house-lot contained 5 acres,
bounded, N, by Eobert Bond ; W., by the Mill Creek; E.,
by the highway ; and, S., by Benjamin Homan. He had,
also, 9 acres of upland, " in the plaine," adjoining Daniel
Dellart ; also, 12 acres of upland, adjoining Eev. Jeremiah
Peck, and Stephen Osborne ; also, 22 acres of upland, " on
the small Neck," adjoining Eev. Jeremiah Peck, and Joseph
Meeker ; also, 9 acres of upland, on " the mill brook," adjoin
ing Eobert Bond, and Eobert Vauquellin ; also, 36 acres of
upland, near a swamp, and adjoining George Pack ; also, 35
acres of upland, adjoining Hurr Thompson ; also, 10 acres of
meadow, at Woodruff's Creek, and 4 acres on E. T. Creek :
in all, 142 acres. He died, Dec, 1695.*
Etchard Skinnee was a joiner, and came over with Gov.
Carteret as one of his servants. He married, May 1, 1666,
Susannah Poulain, one of the French girls that came at the
same time, from the Isle of Jersey. He became, subse
quently, the servant of Balthazar DeHart, of N. York, and
then of Eiehard Painter, of this town, whose house he occu
pied first, after its purchase by DeHart, and then fought,
July 4, 1672, of DeHart's executors. He was not admitted
as an Associate.t
According to the Dutch census, 80 nttm were residing
here in 1673, of whom four were absent. Their list includes
78 names. At least six more, of those who took the oath in
Feb. 166|, continued to reside here. To these are to be
added the names of as many as six residents not included
in either list : Eiehard Beach, William Letts, William
Pardon, Jeremiah- Peck, Eiehard Powell, Vincent Eonyon,
•Howell, pp. 38, 27, 96, 276. Brodhead's N. Y., I. 298-800. Savage, IV. 82-3. E. J.
Eecords, II. 21, 99 ; 6. «. 24-1E. T. Bill, p. 104. t E. J. Eecords, I. 86. HI. 8.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 169
and John Wilson. The whole number exceeded 90 men.
Three others, also, came about this time : Simon Eouse,
Benjamin Wade, and William Looker.
Eichaed Beach was from New Haven, Ct., of which he
was one of the founders, his name being attached to 'the
original compact, June 4, 1639. Zophar, of Newark, 1685,
was the son of his brother, Thomas. In 1640, Eiehard
married, at New Haven, the widow of Andrew Hull. He
took the oath of fidelity, July 1, 1644. Plis name is of fre
quent occurrence in the Colonial Eecords. His house-lot
contained 13 acres, 13 by 14 chains, bounded, E., and W.,
by highways ; N., by Crane's brook ; and, S., by Evan
Salisbury. He had, also, 30 acres of upland, on Crane's
brook, adjoining Barnabas Wines, and William Cramer ;
also, 50 acres of upland, on "Beaches brook," adjoining
John Little, William Pardon, Nathaniel Tuthill, and Stephen
Crane ; also, 10 acres of meadow on the S. side of Thomp
son's Creek ; in all, 102 acres. His house-lot he sold,
Mar. 31, 1684, to Mary, the widow of James Mitchell; and
Mar. 31, 1688, he sold all his lands in E. Town, to the
widow Agatha White, who, 16 days later, resold them to
William Darbie of E. Town. He removed, it is thought, to
Morris Co., where many families, supposed to be his descend
ants, are now to be found.*
William Letts was a weaver, and came with some of
the first settlers, most probably as a laborer. He married,
Sep. 2, 1667, (Justice Bollen officiating,) Elizabeth Laud,
who, also, was, most likely, at service, no family of that
name being residents here. His name is not to be found
among the Associates in the Town's Book, although he ob
tained an allotment of land. The printed lists of Asso
ciates in the E. T. Bill are not reliable. His house-lot con
tained seven acres, 13 by 5 chains, bounded, W. S. W., by
Joseph Frazee ; S. S. E., by the highway ; N. N. E., by
Eiehard Mitchell and the swamp ; and E. S. E., by Simon
Eouse. He had, also, 40 acres of upland on " Pipe Stave
* Savage, I. 114. N. H. Col. Eecords, I. Index. E. J. Eecords, 1. 157; II. 19, ST-. B. 158,
883, 4. C. C. 64. E. T. BUI, p. 107.

170 THE HISTORY OF
ridge," adjoining Capt. John Baker ; also, 20 acres of up
land, adjoining the above, and the great swamp, next to
David Ogden and Samuel Marsh ; also, 70 acres of upland
at "Eawack," adjoining Eobert Vauquellin, and William
Cramer ; also, 18 acres of meadow on the S. side of Thomp
son's Creek : in all, 155 acres. He sold, May 2, 1685, 12
acres on the S. side of the Creek to Matthias Hatfield.
Letts, it has been seen, was a witness for the prosecution
in the Mitchell case, and found the grudge of the people
not the pleasantest thing to bear. Soon after the founding
of Perth Amboy under government auspices, therefore, he
removed thither, where he died in March, 170J.*
William Look.ee, a brewer, came hither from Jamaica,
L. I. His property there he sold, Sep. 4, 1676, to James
""Heynes," Cooper, of this town. How much earlier than
this he came here does not appear. He was, probably, of
the lineage of Henry Looker, who settled, in 1640, at Sud
bury, Mass. His house-lot he bought of Joseph Frazee, as
already noticed. He had, also, 172 acres of upland and
boggy meadow, " at the head of the South branch of the
Mill brook, or Eiver belonging to Elizabeth Towne," ad
joining Jacob Melyen, Benjamin Wade, and the Governor;
also, 100 acres adjoining ; and 10 acres of meadow on the
E. side of Woodruff's creek. He resided awhile at Wood-
bridge, but eventually became a permanent resident here.
Plis Woodbridge property he sold, Nov. 8, 1686, to Myles
Forster, ©f Perth Amboy. Pie was appointed, Dec. 2, 1695,
a Deputy to the Legislature. In Mr. Harriman's Ledger,
he is credited by " 3 Jorneys to Amboy on Alice Eouse
her business £1. 7. 00.," f
William Paedon has figured largely in the previous
history. He was an abject sycophant of the Governor, and,
doubtless, came here, with Carteret, or shortly after under
his auspices. He was appointed, Jan. 2, 166f, one of the
Governor's Council, and soon after an Assistant to the
* E. J. Eocords, I. 147 ; II. 18, 28, 72 ; o. e. 4 ; III. 11, 201. E. T. Bill, p. 106.
t E. J. Eecords, I. 87, 137 ; II. 69 ; o. o. 5 ; .A. 408 ; B. 155 ; L. 52, 101, 104, 111. E. T. Bill
p. 107. Savage, III. 131.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 171
Justices ; also, Jan. 5, 167-f-, a Justice of the Peace ; and,
July 31, 1674, Eeceiver General. He was, also, employed,
for a time, as the Governor's Secretary. Plis house-lot con
tained six acres, bounded, N., by Eobert Morse ; E., by
Elizabeth Eiver ; S., by Nathaniel Tuthill ; and W., by the
common highway. Pie had, also^, 20 acres of upland on
Crane's brook, adjoining Peter Morse; also,' 175 acres of
upland on Elizabeth Eiver, S. of the " Ash Swamp," ad
joining Nathaniel Tuthill and Peter Morse ; also a triangle
of 16 acres, adjoining the above, on the Eiver; also, 8 acres
of upland, " in the name of an Island," iu the meadow
below Luke Watson's point ; also, 27 acres of meadow on
" the great Eiver or the Sound : " in all, 252 acres. In
addition, William Meeker's lands were awarded him for the
injuries that he sustained, as related on a previous page.
His wife, who came here with him, having died, he married,
Sep. 1675, Anna Bostoe, having, on the 16th, settled on
her for her dowry his house and house-lot in E. T. He
was then, " of the City of New York," having found it too
uncomfortable to reside here, hated as he was by his old
neighbors. In 1679, at his own request, he was discharged
from the Council, and his connection with the town was
finally severed.*
Jeeemiah Peck is fully noticed on a subsequent page.
Eichaed Powell has been noticed in connection with
Eoderick Powell. No record is made of his allotments. Pie
resided, for a time, in Vauquellin's house. Gov. Carteret
sold him, Jan. 5, 167^-, his Woodbridge lands, in the deed
for which he is styled " Eiehard Powell, Planter, of Eliza
beth Town." He removed to Woodbridge, where his wife,
Katharine Hughes, whom he had married in 1676, died, May
16, 1689. On the 4th of December following, he married
Elizabeth, the widow of Thomas Thorpe, of Woodbridge. He
died in January, 170-§-.f
Simon Eouse was from Duxbury, Marshfield District, Mass.
He was the son of John Eouse and Annie, a daughter of
* E. J. Eecords, I. 50, 146 ; II. 14, 18, 22, 69 ; 0. e. 1 ; III. 18, 23, 88, 64, 78-80, 82, 114, 128,- 158.
E. T. Bill, p. 103. t E. J. Eecords, I. 98, 107, 131 ; III, 12S. Woodbridge Town Eecords,

172 THE HISTORY OF
John Peabody. He was born in 1645. An elder • sister,
Mary, was married to a Mr. Price, possibly one of the E. T.
family, and thus Simon may have been led hither. He was
here in 1676, and probably some years earlier. No record
is made of the survey (though ordered) of his house-lot. He
had 58 acres of upland on " Eahawack Eiver," adjoining
William Johnson ; also, 98 acres of upland, adjoining the
above on the N. E., and having Eobert Vauquellin on the N.
W. ; also, 100 acres on the E. side of the same river opposite
Pope's brook; also, 24 acres of meadow on the same river, 6
acres on E. T. Creek, and 10 acres in the great meadow: in
all, with the house-lot, 300 acres. He resided at Eahway.
His lands here he exchanged with Jonas Wood, May 29,
1678, and bought, Nov. 27, 1679, Vauquellin's land adjoining
his own. He died in 1690, and his' wife, Alice, soon after,
without issue. She was a kinswoman of Sarah Manning, of
Boston. Frances, a daughter of Samuel Moore, of Wood-
bridge, inherited the estate, being, probably, an adopted
daughter, as she lived with them.*
Vincent Ehnyon [Eognion, Eonyon] was a carpenter, and,
tradition says, of French origin. He, probably, came over
from Jersey, in a second or third importation of laborers by
the Governor. He bought, Mar. 20, 167£, of Francis Bar
ber, Thomas Moore's original house-lot, S. of George Pack.
He was a witness for the prosecution in the Mitchell case,
and so lost caste in the town; on which account he removed,
not later than 1677, to Piscataway, where he had 154£ acres
allotted to him, Mar. 167|, on the Earitan Eiver. He died
in November, 1713, his wife, Martha, surviving him.-f
Benjamin Wade was a clothier. He was, doubtless, of the
family (probably a son) of Eobert Wade, who was at Dor
chester, Mass., in 1635, at Hartford, Ct., in 1640, afterwards
at Saybrook (where, Aug. 1657, he was divorced) and finally
at Norwich, in 1659, where he died, in 16S2 ; his first wife
remained in England, and Benjamin may have been her son.
Pie came here not later than 1675, probably much earlier.
* E.J. Eecords, 1.108, 9,139, 159; H.1,82; B. 44, 872; D.59; L.63,196. Savage, III. 579.
t E. J. Eecords, I. 20 ; II. 69, 74 ; III. 78-80. E. T. Bill, pp. 96, 7.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 173
At his first coming, he rented Luke Watson's house and
grounds, which he purchased, Mar. 16, 167f, for £24. The
same day, he bought of Nicholas Carter, for £30, payable in
Pipe staves, his house-lot and 40 acres. Twenty days before,
he had bought, for £39, Thomas Pope's house, house-lot, and
60 acres of upland. Less than two years after, he bought,
Jan. 1, 167-f, of William Hill, his house and lot. Previous
to all this, he had received an allotment of 144 acres : — 48
acres " in Eahawack Swamp," adjoining Thomas Moore,
and Samuel Marsh, Jr. ; also, 40 acres of upland " in the
Plaines of Cramberries Meadow," on the S. side of the branch
of E. T. Eiver ; also, 40 acres of upland on the north side of
the branch, and of the said Meadow ; one acre, formerly John
Gray's, on the S. side of E. T. Creek ; 12 acres of meadow at
Eahway, and 3 acres out of Thomas Moore's meadow. He
died about 1698.*
John Wilson, Carpenter, and John Wilson, Wheelwright,
were both here at an early day, and were distinguished as
" Great John," and " Little John." The former died un
married, at New York, Oct. 12, 1672, leaving his land here
to Antony Jansen of N. Y. The other John had a house-
lot, containing 6 acres, bounded, N., by Hurr Thompson ; E.,
by the highway ; S., by Joseph Osborn ; and W., by the
Mill brook. He had, also, 60 acres of upland, bounded by
Benjamin and John Parker, Henry Norris, John Woodruff
and Eobert Vauquellin ; also, 23 acres on the S. side of the
Woodruff's Farm road, adjoining John Woodruff, John
Parker, and Benjamin Parkhurst ; and 12 acres in the great
meadow : in all, 101 acres. Wilson was concerned, as al
ready related, in the Pardon disturbance, for which he was
fined, the next year, £10. To secure the payment of the fine,
he mortgaged, Ap. 19, 1675, his house and lot at E. Town, to
the Marshal, Samuel Moore, of Woodbridge. Wilson died
a few months afterwards, and Samuel Moore administered on
his estate.t
* Savage, IV. 378. Miss Calkins' Norwich (Ed. of 1866), p. 205. E. J. Eecords, I. 71, 2, 3,
159; II. 19, 32; A 407; L. 53, 102. E. T. Bill, p. 109.
t N. Y. Will* E. J. Eecords, I. 42 ; II. 18, 90, 100 ; 0. e, 23 ; III. 82, 121. E. T. Bill,
p. 104.

174 THE HISTORY OF
Of the seven Dutchmen mentioned in the Census of 1673,
onlv two have left any memorial by which they can be iden
tified. The names of Jacob Tryax [Truax] and Dirck Teunis-
sen, are found among the settlers of Middletown, N. J. The
others were, doubtless, adventurers, who disappeared with
the termination of the Dutch rule.*
Capt. Knyff and Lieut. Snel, having administered the oath
of allegiance to the settlers, swore in, also, Jacob "Molyn,""
as Captain ; Isaac Whitehead, as Lieutenant ; and John
Woodruff, as Ensign.f
Instructions were sent, Oct. 1, 1673, by the Council of
War, to Schout Ogden and the Schepens of the town, for
the preservation of the public peace, and the administration
of justice. Among other things, it was carefully provided,
that " The Sheriff and Magistrates shall, each in his quality, take care that
the Reformed Christian Religion be maintained in conformity to the Synod
of Dordrecht without permitting any other sects attempting any thing
contrary thereto.'' Power was given them for " laying out highways,
setting off lands and gardens and in like manner what appertains to agri
culture, observance of the Sabbath, erecting churches, school-houses, or
similar public works." The Sheriff was to " take good care that the places
under his chai'ge shall be cleansed of all mobs, gamblers, whore-houses
and such like impurities ; to receive the half of all civil fines accruing
during his term of office together with one-third part of what belongs to
the respective villages from criminal cases." In the nomination of Schep- ¦
ens, " a double number of the best qualified, the honestest, most intel
ligent and wealthiest inhabitants, exclusively of the Reformed Christian
Religion or at least well affected thereto, were to be presented to the
Governor for his election." J
Some of the Indians having committed depredations in
the neighborhood, Mr. Ogden writes to Gov. Colve, Sept.
29th, [O. S.], for instructions, and receives in reply a letter,
dated at " ffort Willem Hendrick 14th Octobr 1673, [N. S.],
as follows :
Mr. John Ogden. Yesterday I sent you y° Instructions bij ije waij of
New Worke since that time I Received yr" of y° 29ft of Septemb' last and
Vnderstood out of y° same y° proceedings of ijour people wlh ye Indians
* E. J. Eecords, II. 128, 180 ; L. 178. J N. Y. Col, Docmts., II. 620-2.
t N. Y. Col. Docmts., II, 60S.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 175
of wch I do wel approve and according to your desire I wil alsoo Endeav
our that Satisfaction maij be given by y6 Indians to y8 owners to wci End
I have once more thought fit that y6 Indian Sachem be summoned to ap-
peare before me to give me satisfaction about it, and that y8 Messenger
doth signify to him that I do much wonder that all ye Chiefe Sachems
hereabouts as also those of y8 Mohacks have bene here to present them
selves unto me and that be onlij Remains Defective therein wherefore I
would willingly Speake wth him to know y8 Reason ; and that I promise him
*& his Company freely to Passe & Repas without any Molestation you may
alsoo give Order what goods he hath Tendred or yett shall tender to Re
store yB people maij Receive from him and lett an ace' be sent me what
ye losse maij be of ye goods wcl1 still are wanting. You are also Required
to send hether bij y8 first opportunity the armes & other goods according
to Inventorij formerlij belonging to y8 Late Gouve rn" Cartrett and to
Canse this Inclosed order of arrest to be published in your' Severall
Townes and to order y8 severall Olarkes to return an ace' thereof unto
you for to be presented unto me. Aud lett Mr Hopkins Examin uppon
what Conditions ye Tennants are Seated uppon the plantations of Capt"
Carterett and ace* thereof Returned unto me ; not Else at Present but that
I am, Your Loving ffriend A: Colve.*
It would thus appear, that the Indians, with their Sachem,
still continued in the neighborhood, and, at times, were not a
little troublesome — having, just before this date, carried off a
considerable amount of property, and refused to restore it.
What the result was is not recorded.
As an illustration of the Dutch Eule at this period, the
following Proclamation of Nov. 15, 1673, applicable to this
• town as well as every- other part of New Netherland, is
worthy of attention :
Trusty & Welbeloved, Concidering the Manifold Blessings & fa
vours wch the Bountifull & Merciful god hath bene pleazed graciously to
Bestow uppon this Province and the Inhabitants thereof amongst wch is
to be Esteemed beyond all others the free & pure worshipp of ,god wc!l
Blessing together wth all others ought Not only to drawe & oblidge us to
dutifull thanckfulnesse but also to meeknesse & Rependance because of our
Manifold sins & Transgressions to the End the sa Blessings & favours of
our god may be Continued towards us & this People & Country be free
from this weldeserved Wroth and Indignation, Know Yee therefore that
wee have thought it Necessary & do by these Presents order & Proclaime
an universall day of fast humiliation & thancksgiveing wch shall be held
w'hin this Province on the first Wednesday on every mounth & begunn
* N. Y. Col. Docmts., II. 633.

176 THE HISTORY OF
on the first wesnesday of the next ensuing month of Decemb' being Sec
ond day of the sa Month, & soo Alsoo uppon Every first Wednesday of y8
month thereunto Ensuing ; And to the End the sd day of humiliation &
thankxgiveing may bee the better put in practice & due Execution, Wee
do hereby strictly prohibite & forbid on the sa day of humiliation Thanks
giving all manner of Labour & exercizings of hunting flfishing gaming
Excesse in drincking and the Lyke & all Inkeepers and ordinaris not to
Retayle any Licquors or drinke uppon Penalty of CorporaL. Punishment,
To the true p'formance of wch wee do hereby stricktly order & Co-'
mand all Magistrates officers & Justices of this Province & prolecnte
against the Transgressions according to the Tenn' : thereof and to Cause
this Proclamation to bee published in due time and place, Soo we Rec-
ommand you to the protextion of the Almighty godt ; Antony Colve.*
An Assembly, composed of " the Schout and Magistrates
of Achter Kol, to make laws and orders," was held here,
commencing on the 18th of November, 1673. The ordi
nances enacted were few and simple, pertaining mostly to
questions of morality and religion. They were submitted to
the Dutch authorities for ratification. At the same time,
Schout Ogden requested, that the bail-bonds of Meeker and
Tomson, in the hands of the late Marshal, Sam. Moore, be
put into the hands of Ogden, and the records of the late
government, deposited with Secretary Hopkins. The records
were put in charge of Plopkins, and Meeker and Tomson
were told to bring the matter into court. Moore was ordered,
by the court of " deputed councillors," " to deliver up the
bail-bond executed by " Meeker and Tomson, " on the 26th
June, 1673, to Captn John Berry then Deputy Governor,"
in the case of Wm. Pardon ; on his refusal, Mr. Ogden was
required to demand the said bail-bond of Sam. Moore ; and,
in case of default, to arrest him, and send him to the fort at
New York.f
For more than a year, the land was at rest. The people
lived on' good terms with the authorities at Fort Orange,
and were secured in the enjoyment of their lands and privi
leges. Ogden was virtually Governor of the English towns
in N. Jersey, and the govermnent was administered very
* N. Y. Col. Docmts., II. 658.
t Alb. Eecords, XXII. 875 ; XXIII. 19. Whitehead's E. Jersey, pp. 61, 2. N. Y. Col.
Docmts., II. 682, 8, 728.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 177
much after the fashion of New England. Their old troublers
had either left the town, or were kept in quiet, shorn of all
authority. The people had it their own way.
But the Dutch rule was soon terminated. A treaty of
peace was signed, at Westminster, Eng., Feb. 9, 167f, pro
viding for the mutual restoration of all captured territory.
Possession of these provinces was retained by the Dutch,
until they were superseded by the English, in November
following. 12

178 THE HISTORY OF

CHAPTEE IX.
A. D. 1674-1681.
Restoration of English Rule — Berkeley sells West Jersey — Sir G. Carteret
sole Proprietor of E. Jersey — Return of Gov. Carteret — Stringent meas
ures to subdue the People — Requires them to take Patents for their Lands —
Old Conflict renewed — Compromise proposed, but rejected by Carteret —
Schedule of Surveys — Militia System — Legislature at E. T. — Enactments —
Prices — Act of Oblivion — Thanksgiving Day — Meeker indemnified — Inns
regulated — Marking of Cattle — Troubles with Gov. Andros of N. Y. — Car
teret seized, and imprisoned at N. Y. — Tried and acquitted — Legislature at
E. T., again — They decline the jurisdiction of Andros — Marriage of Car
teret — Andros recalled — Carteret reinstated — Legislature meet again —
Collision with Carteret — He dissolves them — Death of John Ogden.
Capt. Philip Carteket, after an absence of more than two
years, returned to his old home, in November, 1674. He
came over from England, in the same vessel with his kins
man, Col. Edmund Andros, Governor of New York, arriving
Oct, 31, 1674. Berkeley had sold, March 18, 167|, his half
of the province for £1000, to John Fenwick, in trust for Ed
ward Byllinge, of the Society of Friends. Sir George Car
teret had thus become the sole proprietor of the eastern
moiety of the province, which was confirmed to him, June
13, by royal mandate, requiring obedience, from the people
of the territory, " to the laws and government " of Sir George,
as having " the sole power under " the king, " to settle and
dispose of the country, upon such terms and conditions as
he shall think fit ; " as broad a basis for despotic power as
could be desired. A new patent for the whole territory was
given, June 29, to the Duke of York ; by whom East Jersey
was reconveyod, July 29, to Sir George Carteret, " in as full
and ample manner as the same " had been granted himself.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 179
The " Concessions," so remodeled as to give, to the Governor,
the control of the Legislature, and deprive the people of all
original jurisdiction, were re-issued, July 31, and the same
day, Capt. Philip Carteret was newly commissioned as Gov
ernor.* Immediately after his arrival, Carteret proceeded to Ber
gen and called about him his old Council , by whom, of
course, he was heartily welcomed. A summons was issued
at once, Nov. 6, calling upon " the inhabitants, by their Dep
uties, to meet for to hear his Majesty's Letter, the Governor's
Commission, and those Instructions and Orders read that the
Governor brought over with him." Deputies were " sent by
all the towns except Shrewsbury ; " before whom the papers
were read and the Governor's policy set forth. The spirit of
that policy may be gathered by what the Council wrote to
Sir George Carteret on the 7th of November :
We are very sensible of the disorders and troubles that have happened
amongst us, occasioned by some turbulent spirits, which hath cost us
much time, labour and pains to redress, and brought your Honour's Or
ders, Desires and Instructions to Perfection, had not the Dutch unhappily
come in and nipt us in the bud, to whom these old, turbulent people were
more willing to submit, than to their lawful King and Lord.f
In a Proclamation issued by the Governor and Council,
dated at Elizabeth Town, Dec. 11, they speak of " the late
past distractions of times," as
Occasioned first by the meeting of several male-content inhabitants,
and then by the arrival of the Dutch forces in our neighbor Colony, giv
ing opportunity to those seditious spirits, to cover their foi'mer guilt witli
the mantle of treason.
They further say :
We find ourselves not obliged to countenance the commissionating any
person or persons; to any office military or civil, who have not patented
their lands, &c, nor to yield the privileges of a Corporation to any other
wise qualified, than the said Orders of our said Proprietor doth allow!
Notice is thereupon given, " that the Surveyor General, or
his substitute shall attend and remain at Elizabeth Town from
* Whitehead's E. Jersey, pp. 63-45. Mulford's N. J., pp. 159-162. Learning and Spicer, pp
16-9. t E. T. Bill, pp. 40, 1. E. J. Eocords, III. 98, 9.

180 THE HISTORY OF
the first day of April, until the 15th day of May following,
for runing out and surveying land there, in order for pat
enting the same."*
The " Instructions and Orders " of Sir George Carteret, to
which they thus allude, of date, July 31, 1674, were to this
effect :
For such as pretend to a right of propriety to land and government
within our Province, by virtue of any patents from Governor Colonel
Richard Nicolls. as they ignorantly assert, we utterly disown any such
thing. But if such persons as have not already received patents of their
land from us, shall not within one year after notice to them given of this
our pleasure therein, desire and accept patents of the said land, we do
hereby order our Governor and Council to dispose of such lands and ten
ements, in whole or in part for our best advantage to any other persons.
All other grants were declared " to be null and void in
law." It was further ordered, by the same authority :
That those persons who were the chief actors in attempting the mak
ing an alteration in our government be proceeded against, except they
shall immediately upon publication hereof, make their addresses to our
Governor and Council, for remission of their offences ; (further) that all
persons that have sustained loss or damage, by maintaining our just
rights and interest since the 26th of March, 1672, may have reparation
in law.t
These were the orders that the Governor and Council
deemed themselves bound to put in execution among the
people of this town, who had been among the principal of
fenders in the province. Carteret's residence abroad for the
space of two years, and his attendance during this period
upon a court so aristocratic and corrupt, had, evidently, not
induced him to be a whit more tolerant of the principles and
spirit of the Puritan settlers of the town than before. Nor
were the people any more disposed to yield their own con
victions of truth, of right, of duty ; nor, as has been affirmed,
" to regard with satisfaction the return of their governor."
The only " demonstrations of good-will " to the Governor
were on the part of those who had sided with him in the pre
vious conflicts.:]:
• E. T. Bill, pp. 41, 2. X Whitehead's E. Jersey, p. 66. Graham's
t Learning and Spicer, pp. 51-2-. TJ. States, I. 448.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 181
By the same proclamation of Dec. 11, a General Court, to
be composed of the Governor's Council, was ordered to be
held in this town, on the second Tuesday (9th) of March fol
lowing ; and the Marshal, Samuel Moore, was ordered to
collect the fines that had been imposed on the two compa
nies that tore down Michell's house and fence, and broke
open, Pardon's house. So little occasion had the people of
the town to hail the return of their old townsman, the Gov
ernor. They had openly espoused the cause of those so-called
rioters, and were not to be driven from it. The Governor's
coming was the renewing of the old troubles.
Wearied with these conflicts, the town at length sought to
make some kind of a compromise with the Governor and
Council. A town-meeting was held on Thursday, the 11th
of March, 167-f, when it was resolved to offer the following
Petition to those dignitaries :
We, the inhabitants of Elizabeth Town, are willing to pay the Lord
Proprietor the sum of Twenty Pounds per annum, current pay of this
country, in consideration of a Township of eight miles square, to be di
vided according to our Agreement, of first, second and third lots, to be
confirmed by Charter to us and our heirs for ever, with all such privileges
as any other towns in the Province have or shall have ; which we do ap
prehend may be sufficient, in regard of the badness of the soil, which has
deceived us all, and the half or more being but waste land. This was
voted by all present, on the 11th of March, 167f. Voted, Isaac White
head and George Ross to present this writing to the Governor and his
Council. Isaac Whitehead, Clerk.
But these gentlemen were determined to abate not one jot
of their exactions. Accordingly, the following answer was
indorsed upon the back of the petition, March loth :
There cannot be granted any variation or alteration from the Procla
mation dated 11th December, 1674, but accordingly the Surveyor is re
quired to attend at the time appointed, and its expected that suitable per
sons be provided for his assistance, according to the said Proclamation.
By order of the Governor and Council,
James Bollen, Secretary.*
Finding no present prospect of securing their rights, with
no means of redress at hand, and threatened by their imperi-
•E. Town Bill, pp. 42, 8.

182 THE HISTORY OF
ous rulers with a summary confiscation of all their lands and
improvements, laboring, too, under grievous embarrassments
for want of definite surveys and a recognized title, the people,
with great reluctance, yielded to the compulsion put upon
them, and, without prejudice to their previous titles, con
sented to receive such as the Governor chose to give them.
One after another they applied for surveys, and warrants
were given them by the Governor ; but so distasteful was it,
that only one of their number, with the exception of Yau-
quellin, the Surveyor, applied within the time assigned —
April 1st to May loth, 1675 ; and only ten more, including
Pardon, in the latter half of the year. The Schedule in the
margin shows the date of the Governor's warrant ; the per
son in whose favor the warrant was given ; and the number
of acres to be surveyed for him. The warrant was ordinarily
in the words following :
To the Surveyor General, or his Deputy. These are to require you to
lay out butt and bound for A. B  ,  acres of upland and meadow
in proportion within the bounds of Elizabeth Towne in right of A. B  ,
and his wife [&d] and to return a certificate thereof into the Secretary's
Office, and for your so doing this shall be your Warrant. Date  .*
" Good old John Ogden " was the very last to make ap
plication for a survey ; and, when he did, it was, doubtless,
* Warrants for Surveys.
Ap. 8, 1675, Symon Rows  ISO acres.
MayS, " Eobert Vauquellin, and wife  SOO "
Juno80, " Charles Tucker  140 "
" " " EohertBond  860 "
" " " Joseph Bond  160 "
" u " Jacob Mellins  SOO "
Sept. 12, " Eobert White, wife and daughter  ISO "
Oct. 6, " Leonard Headley, and wife  120 "
" " " John Parker  '  90 "
" 22, " Nicholas Carter  S60 "
" 28, " William Pardon, and wife  200 "
Nov. 5, " John Woodruff, wife, and three servants  450 "
Jan. 21, 1675, Luke Wataon  400 "
Mar. 8, " Henry Lyon, rights and purchase  860 "
" 14, " William Letts  ISO "
" " " Charles Tucker, (a 2d warrant)  ISO "
" " " Benjamin Parkis  180 "
" " " Henry Norris, self and John Wilson, Carpon'  210 "
" " " Daniel De Haert, right of Eiehard Painter  120 "
" " " Wm. Pardon, right of Wm. Meaker  120 "
" " " Isaac Whitehead, sen'  180 "

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. Ig3
under protest, as in the case of the most of his associates.
The surveys were made in due form, and patents obtained ;
Mar. 14, 167J, Samuel Moore, right of John Wilson, the Less  90 acres.
" " " Capt. Thomas Young  240 "
" " " Capt John Baker, wife and 8 others  1200 "
" " " Sir George aud Philip Carteret, and 18 servants  -.  2700 "
" " •' Philip Carteret, right of Abraham Shotwell  150 "
" " " Do. Do. Do. " Peter Wolverson  480 "
" " " Do. Do. Do. " Donnis White  120 "
" 1, " Benjamin Wade  120 "
"20, " Eiehard Beach  ,  90 "
" " " Robert Moss, and wife  3S0 "
"22, " William Cramer  180 "
" " " Nathaniel Tntthill  90 "
" " " Peter Moss, and wife  180 "
¦' 27, 1676, George Boss, and wife  120 "
.. it tt Humphry Spinings  ISO "
" " " George Morris  90 "
" " " Eoger Lambert  120 "
" " " StephenCrane  320 "
" " " WilliamHill  60 "
"28, " William Johnson  240 "
" " " John Little, right of self and Stephen Salsbury  180 "
" " " George Pack  120 "
" " " William Olliver  180 "
" " " Samuel Marsh, Senr  180 "
" " " Samuel Marsh, Jun'  100 "
" " " John Pope  300 '•
" " " John Carter  60 "
" " " David Olliver  60 "
April 8, « William Pills  320 "
" " ¦• Benjamin Price, Sen'  270 "
" (t " Benjamin Price, Jnnr  90 "
" 10, " Stephen Osborne  180 "
" " " Nathaniol Bonnel  .-.  180 "
" 11 " Jeseph Sears  ISO "
" 14, " Jonas Wood  800 '•
" " " Thomas Moore  180 "
" 25, " JefferyJones  180 "
" 27, 'S DavidOgdon  120 "
May 2, " Hur Tompson  120 "
" 9, " Jeremiah Peck  180 "
" " " Joseph Fraize  120 "
" " " John Winons  120 "
" " " Barnaby Wines  240 "
" " " Eiehard Michell  120 "
" 80, " MathtHetfleld  120 "
" 81, " Joseph Osborne  150 "
" " " Moses Tompson  180 "
" " " JosephMeaker  .'  120 "
June 12, " Benjamin Meaker  120 "
" 14, " Benjamin Waide.... , ..*.  144 "
«' " " John Ogden, Junr  150 "
" " " Isaac Whitehead, Jttnr  120 "
« " " Jonathan Ogdon   120 <•
Sept. 12, " Aaron Tomson, right of his father, Thomas  120 "

184 THE HISTORY OF
but, in many cases, the number of acres differed very con
siderably from the number specified in the warrant ; several
of the people having added to their estates by large purchases.
Hurr Thompson's survey was for 160 acres ; Stephen Crane's,
156; Nathaniel [Turtle's, 153; Humphrey Spinage's, 218;
John Winans', 200 ; Matthias Hatfield's, 208 ; John Pope's,
150 ; and Jeremiah Peck's, 223*
A season of comparative quiet ensues. Carteret applies
himself to the erection of a new and more substantial house ;
for which purpose he leased from Henry Lyon, Dec. 8, 1674,
two acres of Lyon's house-lot, adjoining his own, for brick-
making, at a yearly rent of " one thousand of good and Mer
chantable Bricks." Vauquellin takes up his abode in Wood-
bridge. Bollen finds it expedient to sell out to Lyon, and go
down to Woodbridge to live. Pardon, evidently, discovers
that the atmosphere of Elizabeth Town does not agree with
him, and he retires to New York to engage in merchandise.
His former wife having proved a disloyal partner, and ab
sconded, he procures a release from the bonds of wedlock,
only to bind himself at once to Anna Bostoe, on whom he
bestows, Sept. 16th, 1675, for her dowry, his house and home-
lot of six acres. Being still regarded as an Associate, how
ever, by reason of his considerable estate in the town, and
continued a m«mber of the Council, he makes request, April
12, 1679, " to be discharged from all further service as mem
ber of council, justice, or any thing more to do on public
concerns, but to remain in the condition of any other private
gentleman. f
Some apprehension of famine existed, at the close of the
winter of 167$-, on account of the failure of the crops the pre
vious season ; and an order was published, Feb. 24, 167$,
Sept. J2, 16T6, Aaron Tomson, right of self  60 acres.
" " " John Lambird  100 u
Oot. 27, " Joseph Ogdon  90 '«
Nov. 23, " John SimkinB  SO "
Deo. 27, " Samuel Trotter, right of ljls father, Wm  90 "
Eeb. 1, 167}, Margaret Baker, right of Peter Wolverson  200 "
July 11, 167T, James Haynes, and wife  120 "
Oct. 26, 1678, Mrs. Hannah Hopkins, wlfeof Samuel Hopkins  120 "
".29, " John Ogden, Son'  800 "
* E. J. Records, II. t E. J. Records, I. 50; III, 15a Stearns' Newark, p. 54.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 185
prohibiting the export of corn and grain. In the summer of
the same year, the eastern provinces were surprised into a
bloody war with the native tribes, and fears were entertained
of hostilities with the tribes in New Jersey and beyond the
Delaware. A militia system was, therefore, inaugurated,
July 15, 1675, by which all able-bodied males, from 16 to 60
years of age, were to be enrolled, to supply themselves with
arms and ammunition, and to train four days every year.*
The first General Assembly, after the restoration of British
rule, was held here, in November, 1675, beginning on Friday,
the 5th, and continuing until the 13th. Henry Lyon and
Benjamin Price represented the town. Provision was order
ed to be made to guard against surprise by the Indians, to
such an extent as to show, that the alarm was very general.
Jacob Mollins [Melyn] the Province Treasurer, was to have
twenty shillings salary. Newark and E. Town were consti
tuted a County.
An adjourned session was held from Nov. 29th to the 9th
of December, when the code of 1668 was revised, enlarged,
and enacted. The following statute shows at least an out
ward regard for the ordinances of religion :
Whosoever shall prophane the Lords Day, otherwise called Sunday,
by any kind of servile work, unlawful recreations, or unnecessary travel^
on that day, not falling within the compass of works of mercy or neces
sity, either wilfully or through careless neglect, shall be punished by
fine, imprisonment, or corporally, according to the nature of the offence,
at the judgment of the Court Justice or Justices where the offence is-
committed. The following rates were established for country produce :
Winter Wheat, 5 shillings ; Summer Wheat, four shillings
and sixpence ; Pye and Barley, four shillings ; Indian Corn
and Pease, three shillings, a bushel ; Beef, two-pence ; Pork,
three pence ; Bacon, six pence ; Try'd Tallow, six pence ;
Green Hides, three pence; Dry Hides, six pence; "Hogs
fat good and try'd," six pence ; and Tobacco, four pence, a
pound ; Beef, fifty shillings, and Pork, seventy shillings, a
barrel.f * N. T. Col. Docmts., III. 254. E. .1. Eecords, III. 110, 117.
t Learning and Spicer, pp. 93-103.

186 THE HISTORY OF
At the close of the session, an act of oblivion was passed
by the Assembly in respect to the troubles of the preceding
five years, providing :
That there shall be an utter abolishing of all actions, tending to re
cover damages, costs and charges, for any action committed or done
against any one within this Province, that hath been a party or any way
concerned in the endeavoring and making an alteration in the govern
ment here settled by the Lords, anytime from the year 1670 until June
1673* All previous judgments of Court, however, were to stand.
No abatement was made of tlie fines and penalties in the
Michell and Pardon cases. The peace intended to be se
cured by this measure, was, after all, a compulsory peace,
designed, apparently, on the part of of the government, the
more effectually to establish their arbitrary claims ; of which
they had abated "not one jot or tittle."
Something of the temper of the popular branch of the
Legislature may be gathered from the fact, that Isaac White
head, the town-clerk, and always of the town party, was, and
continued to be for years, Clerk of the House of Deputies.
Two sessions of the Assembly were held in 1676, the first,
beginning, April 6th, in this town, and the second, from the
5th to the 8th of October, at Woodbridge. On the latter
occasion, the custom of an autumnal Tranksgiving-Day, so
common in New England, was introduced here, by Act of
Assembly.f As William Meeker had been adjudged to lose his estate,
because of what he had done, as the town's agent, in the cases
of Michell and Pardon, a petition for indemnity was sent by
him to the Governor, Council, and Deputies, of which no no
tice is taken in the proceedings of the Legislature, but which
resulted, November, 1676, in a voluntary contribution in his
behalf on the part of this town and Newark, and probably of
other towns, also4
During the years 1677-9, the Assembly met annually in
October, at this place ; but in 1677 and 1678, nothing of
* Learning and Spicer, p. 110. % Newark Town Eocords, p. 65.
t Learning and Spicer, pp. 121, 2.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 187
special interest in respect to the town affairs was transacted.
No collision, apparently, occurred between the people and
the court. Both parties evidently were seeking to " follow
after the things which make for peace." A regulation re
specting Inns, passed, Oct. 10, 1677, is of interest, as showing
the cost of living at that day :
No Ordinary-keeper shall by the Gill exceed ten shillings and eight
pence the gallon strong liquors ; if by the quart two shillings and six
pence ; good wine after the rate of seven shillings the gallon ; cyder four
pence the quart ; eight pence a meal for victuals ; six pence a day natu
ral for pasture for horse in the summer, and the like for winter ; and nine
pence a peck for oats, the ordinary keeper be left at liberty for such as
will bespeak their own provision.*
Stringent laws were made against selling strong drink to
the Indians, and in private houses, as well as against disor
derly conduct on the Sabbath-day. Much trouble grew out
of the custom of having a common pasturage for cattle and
swine ; leading to numerous regulations for the branding and
marking of animals, the making of fences and keeping them
in repair, as well as providing a pound for estrays.f
The first travelers, of whose visit to this place we have any
printed record, were Jaspar Dankers and Peter Sluyter, of
Friesland. They visited the town, on Friday, Oct. 13th,
1679, coming here from Staten Island, of which they had just
made the circuit. "Pierre Jardinier," at whose house they
had lodged the night before, brought them,
In his canoe over to the Point of Mill Creek in New Jersey achter kol.
We learned immediately, (they say), that there was a boat up this creek
loading with brick, and would leave that night for the city. After we
had thanked and parted with Pierre le Gardinier, we determined to walk
to Elizabethtown, a good half houi''s distance inland, where the boat was.
From the Point to this village there is a fine wagon road, but nowhere
in the country had we been so pestered with mosquitos (muggeri) as we
were on this road. The land about here is very poor, and is not well
peopled. We found the boat, and spoke to the captain who left about
two hours afterwards ; but as the wind was against going out of the creek,
he lay by and waited for the tide. We returned by evening to the Point
* Learning and Spicer, p. 12S.
t A register of the various ear-marks of cattle within the town haB been preserved to the
prosont day, which is not without interest to the antiquarian.

188 THE HISTORY OF
where we were to stay until morning. There was a tavern on it, kept
by French papists. We slept there this night, and at three o'clock in the
morning we set sail.
At the end of a month, they were again at " the Point of
Elizabeth's kil : "
We all w^nt ashore, and lodged for the night in the house of the
French people. We all slept on the floor, and supped upon what we had
brought with us.
Again, Jan. 1, 1680, they say, —
We made good speed past Smoker's hook, and by evening arrived at
the Point of Elizabethtown Creek, in the tavern before mentioned, where
we lodged for the night ; but there was nothing to be had there except to
warm us. We had something left in our traveling sack, upon which we
made our supper, and then laid ourselves down to sleep in our old fashion
upon a little hay, before the fire.*
Gov. Carteret found it, doubtless, a desirable thing to be
on good terms with his townsmen, because of his apprehen
sion of difficulties with Gov. Andros, of New York. The
Duke of York, out of regard to his brother, or in obedience
to his order, and because of the services of Berkeley and Car
teret to the royal family in the days of their exile, had waived
his claim to jurisdiction, in his Grant to the two lords. But
Berkeley had retired from the concern, and Sir George Car
teret was then getting old and infirm. The opportunity
might soon occur of reclaiming East Jersey. The commis
sion, given to Andros, gave him jurisdiction over all the ter
ritory from the Connecticut to the Delaware rivers. Andros
wanted but an occasion to assert and maintain his claims.!
The question had been under discussion from the time that
the' two Governors came over in 1674. But Andros had
been told to exercise caution in the matter, as long as Sir
George retained the proprietorship. The interests of the lat
ter were safe in the hands of Gov. Philip Carteret. From
the very first, he had been determined on developing the
commerce of his colony. Many of the planters had beenad-
* Journal of a Voyage to New York and a Tour In Sovoral of the American Colonies in
1679-60. By Jaspar Dankers and Peter Sluytcr of Wieword in Friesland : Brooklyn, 186T
pp. 147-8, 168, 252-8. t N. Y. Col. Docmts,, III. 229, 240.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 189
dieted to sea-faring pursuits. Their position on tide-water
gave them great facilities for navigation, and they readily
embraced them. Several of them, as has been seen, engaged
in the whale fishery. They were in constant communication
by water with New York. Vessels were fitted out for the
coasting trade as far east as Piscataqua, and South to the
Carolinas, Barbados, and St. Christopher's. These vessels
cleared and entered at Elizabeth Town, greatly to the an
noyance of Andros, though, as yet, he could not openly re
sist it. In November, 1677, he returned home for further
instructions. Previous to his departure, he paid Carteret the
compliment of a short visit :
November y 16th the Governo" parted from New Yorke, and went to
take his leave of Governo" Carterett in New Jersey, & lay there all night ;
the 17th went aboard neare Staten Island, weyed & went down in yc Bay
neare Sandy point, whence hee sayled.*
Andros returned in August, 1678, having been thoroughly
posted, in the meantime, as to the policy of the Duke. The
colonists of West Jersey were speedily apprized of his pur
pose to press his claims of jurisdiction to the very letter of
his commission. An opportunity soon presented itself for a
similar, interposition in East Jersey :
In the year 1679, Governour Carteret declares that all vessels that will
come and trade to East New Jersey shall be free. One Mr. Hooper orders
a Ketch from Barbadoes to goe thither upon that proclamation ; the
Ketch was brought up to New Yorke and made to enter here & pay the
dutys before she could carry her rumm to New Jersey.
So says Graham, Lord Bellamont's Attorney General, at
New York, in 1698, giving reasons against a free port in
East Jersey.f
A meeting of the Assembly was held here, April 3, 1679,
probably, on account of the above transaction, at which it
was resolved, to raise " the sum of one hundred and fifty
pounds for tbe security and encouragement of a ship or ves
sel to come, into this Province for trade, by way of Sandy
Hook, to enter and clear in his Majesty's Custom-House
* N. Y. Col. Docmts., III. 257. t N. Y. Col Docmts., IV. 882.

190 THE HISTORY OF
which is at the Governor's House in Elizabeth Town, where
is the King's Customer and Collector of New Jersey ; " the
money to be used to repair any damage accruing in case of
any trouble from the authorities at New York.*
To be fully prepared for this conflict of jurisdiction, An
dros, having, possibly, heard, that Sir George Carteret is no
longer among the living, writes, on Monday, March 8 [18,
N. S.J 1679-80, to Gov. Philip, reminding him of his claim,
and informing him, that he [Andros] had determined to take
possession of Sandy Point and proceed to erect there a fort.
Five days afterwards, 13th, he sent another message to Car
teret, commanding him to desist from all further exercise of
authority, forbidding all persons exercising any authority
under Carteret, and requiring all constables, whom he at the
same time confirmed in office, to act under his commission.
To all this Carteret replied, on the 20th, as follows :
If you intend to set a fort at Sandy Hook, I shall be constrained to en
deavor to prevent the same ; and shall be necessitated, if any force be
used, to defend ourselves and families the best we can, which if any blood
be shed it will be contrary to our desires, and the just and righteous God
require it at your hands who are the causes thereof. And therefore we
intreat you to forbear your threats or any other acts of hostility towards
us, until his Majesty decides this controversy, which we shall endeavor
to have effected as soon as possible may be. The occasion that hinders
this from being sent you sooner, is the foulness of the weather hindering
the Councils meeting, as also an alarm we had yesterday of your being
come with your sloops and a considerable number of soldiers which con
strained us to put ourselves in a posture of defence.
A few days after, 29th, Carteret sent Andros another mes
sage, commanding that no more of his " Emissaries be sent
or appear here, under penalty of being proceeded against by
imprisonment, trial, condemnation and penalty, as his Majes
ty's laws direct to spies or disturbers of the peace, unless with
particular message to " the Governor " and so return." The
people appear to have been quite as much opposed to a
change of rulers as Carteret himself, if his word is to be be
lieved : — " the people resolving to live and dye with the name
of true subjects and not traytors."f
* Learning and Spioer, pp. 131 , 2. t Learning and Spicer, pp. 67S-T.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 191
The case had now assumed a serious aspect. Pesolute as
Carteret was, he had to do with a most determined and un
scrupulous autocrat. It was well that, at the sessions of the
Assembly in November, they had made more stringent regu
lations for the calling out and exercising the militia, to guard
against the evil designs of their savage neighbors.
They have more to fear from the wily Andros, than from
the savage Sachem of Piscataqua, to whom, six months be
fore they had sent an embassy of peace, of which " old John !<
Ogden," at that time a member of the Assembly, was one.
Andros had sent his writs to all the towns, demanding their
subjection to his authority as the representative of the Duke
of York. The answer sent by this town was, undoubtedly,
similar to that sent by the people of Newark :
. The town being met together the 29th of March, 1679-80, and give
their positive Answer to the Governor of York's Writ, (viz) : That they
have taken the Oath of Allegiance to the King and Fidelity to the pres
ent Government, and untill they have sufficient Order from his Majesty we
will stand by the same.*
The next scene in the" drama is well described by Gov.
Carteret himself, in a letter to Sir George, of whose decease,
Jan. 14th, 1679-80, he had not yet heard :
Sir Edmund Andross, came hither on Wednesday the 7th instant, ac
companied with several of his officers, councellors and merchants, to de
mand the government of this your Honour's Province, supposing to have
gained it either by threats or flattery, — and having notice of it beforehand
I had gotten together a matter of 150 men in arms to receive him, doubt
ing he would have brought some offensive forces along with him but did
not, and having leave with his train to come a shore, he came up to my
house where after the civilities past, he began to show by what authority
he had to lay claim to the government.
Both parties presented their documents and pleas ; ending
of course as they began :
His last answer was, that he had showed what authority he had and
according to his duty did require it in behalf of his Master, and if we would
not obey him, let it rest at our perils, for that we answered him we had
sent away our Appeal to his Majesty, and should be ready to submit to
* Newark Town Eecords, p. 78.

1S2 THE HISTORY OF
what his Majesty should determine, and then we went to dinner, that
done we accompanied him to his sloop and so parted.*
What Andros saw and heard, that Wednesday, was enough
to convince him, that neither the court nor the people of this
metropolis were at all disposed to favor his pretensions ; that,
however much the two parties differed from each other, they
were entirely of one accord in looking upon Andros as an im
pertinent usurper, to be resisted, if need be, by force of arms.
Dankers, who was in the country at this very time, and
cognizant of the whole affair, says, —
He sent boats several times to Achter Kol to demand the submis
sion of the place to his authority, which the people of Achter Kol jeered
at and disregarded, being ready to uphold the king and their own gov
ernor, whom they bound themselves to maintain. At night, and un
seasonable hours, and by surprise, he took from New Jersey all the staves
of the constables out of their houses, which was as much as to deprive
them of the power to act. Seeing he could accomplish nothing by force,
he declared the inhabitants released from their oaths to the Heer Carteret ;
they answered they could not acknowledge any release from their oaths,
unless by the same authority which had required it of them or the exhibi
tion of a higher one, that of the king.
The sequel is thus related by Carteret. He says of Andros, —
After many debates and disputes, we concluded to decide it rather by
arguments than arms, but the rancor and malice of his heart was such
that on the 31st [30th] day of April last he sent a party of soldiers to
fetch me away dead or alive, so that in the dead time of the night broke
open my doors and most barbarously and inhumanly and violently hailed
me out of my bed, that I have not words enough sufficiently to express
the cruelty of it ; and indeed I am so disabled by the bruises and hurts I
then received, that I fear I shall hardly be a perfect man again.
The testimony of Dankers is more full and explicit :
At length he corrupted one of Carteret's domestics, for Carteret had no
soldiers or fortifications, but resided in a country house only. He then
equipped some yachts and a ketch with soldiers, arms, and ammunition,
and despatched them to Achter kol in order to abduct Carteret in any
manner it could be done. They entered his house, I know not how, at
midnight, seized him naked, dragged him through the window, struck and
kicked him terribly, aud even injured him internally. They threw him,
* Learning and Spioer, pp. 677-8.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 193
all naked as he was, into a canoe, without any cap or hat on his head, and
carried him in that condition to New York, where they furnished him
clothes and shoes and stockings, and then conducted him to the fort and
put him immediately in prison. When they seized him- at Achter kol
the armed boats had gone home, and the seizure was accomplished thi-ough
treachery. Two of the head men of Carteret [Bollen and Vauquellin]
immediately took possession of his papers, such as were of importance
to him and travelled, one to Maryland, and the other, crossing the upper
part of the North river, to Boston over land, and both to England, in
order to remonstrate. The governor [Andros] sent iiumediately to
Achter kol, took possession of the place, posted up 03-ders, and caused
inquiries to be made for the man who had set Oartei-et['s man, Bollen]
over the river, but without success. While Carteret was in prison he '
was sick, very sick, they said, in regard to which there were various

surmises.

*

Carteret was kept a prisoner at New York, under the
charge of Capt. John Collyer, until the 27th of May, when
he was arraigned before a special Court of Assizes, and tried
for presuming " to exercise jurisdiction and government over
his Majesty's subjects within the bounds of his Majesty's
Letters Patents granted to his Poyal Highness," the Duke of
York. Carteret presented his " Commission with other In
structions," in justification. The jury brought in a verdict
of " Not Guilty."
" Upon which," says Carteret in a letter to Bollen, " he
asked them questions and demanded their reasons, which I
pleaded was contrary to law for a jury to give reasons after
their verdict given in, nevertheless he sent them twice or
thrice out, giving them new charges, which I pleaded as at first
to be contrary to law, notwithstanding the last verdict of the
jury being according to the first brought in by them, — ' the
prisoner at the bar not guilty,' upon which I was acquitted
accordingly." A singular order, however, was annexed to the record :
But the Court declare their opinion and give judgment, that if be the
said Capt. Carteret shall go to New Jersey, he should give security or
engagement not to assume any authority or jurisdiction there, civil or
military. * Learning and Spicer, p. 678. Dankers' Journal, pp. 847-352.
13

194 THE HISTORY OF
The effect of this order was to give him his liberty on
parole, but to deprive him of that very authority of which,
by the verdict of the jury, he had been declared to be law
fully possessed.
The trial took place on Thursday ; and, on Tuesday of the
following week, June 1st [11th N. S.],
The governor [Andross] attended by his whole retinue of ladies and
gentlemen, escorted Carteret, the governor of New Jersey, in great pomp,
home to Achter kol ; with all the magnificence he could.
Carteret drew up the necessary papers, and sent them, as
be tells Bollen, July 9, 1680, by the hands of " Mr. George
Heathcott for England," to be laid before the Home Govern
ment.* In the mean time Andros had called a General Assembly
to meet in this town, on the 2d of June, five days only after
the conclusion of Carteret's trial, and the day after his return
to the town; at which time he presented himself before
the Deputies with " the King's Letters Patents," under the
Great Seal of England, and claimed, contrary to the jury
verdict, to be their right and lawful Governor. He brought
with him, also, a copy of the Hempstead Code of Laws to be
adopted and enacted by the Assembly.
True, however, to their oaths of fidelity, the Deputies re
turned for answer, that
As we are the Eepresentatives of the Freeholders of this Province, we
dare not grant his Majesty's Letters Patents, though under the Great Seal.
of England, to be our rule or joint safety for the Great Charter of England,
alias Magna Charta, as [is] the only rule, privilege and joint safety of
every freeborn Englishman.
At the same time, they presented Andros with a copy of
their own Laws, as enacted by previous General Assemblies,
declining to exchange them for the " Duke's Laws." Andros
gained nothing by his visit here, but a tacit acquiescence, on
the part of the people, in the existing 'state of things, until
the authorities in England could be heard from.f
Carteret returned to his residence here, and devoted him-
* Learning and Splcor, pp. 683, 4. lb., p. 679. Dankers' Journal, pp. 346, 8.
t Learning and Spieer, pp. CSO-3.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 195
self to the improvement of his estate, and the construction of
his new house, for which he had been making preparation.
He improved his leisure, also, in making some friendly visits,
either to the city, or to Long Island, resulting in his marriage,
April, 1681, to Elizabeth, the widow of Capt. William Law
rence, of Tew's Neck, L. I., who had died in 1680, in the 58th
year of his age. Mrs. Carteret was the daughter of Pichard
Smith, patentee of Smithtown, L. I., and brought with her, to
this town, seven children : Mary, Thomas, Joseph, Pichard,
Samuel, Sarah, and James. Samuel died Aug. 16, 1687,
aged 15 years, and Thomas, Oct. 26, 1687, aged 19 years ; and
both were buried in the rear of the meeting-house. Their
graves are now covered by the First Presbyterian Church,
and their monuments adorn the rear wall of the building,
being the most ancient stones in the Cemetery. This was,
in all probability, the Governor's first marriage, no allusion
to any other having been discovered. He resumed office by
proclamation, March 2, 168f .*
The controversy with Andros had brought into prominence
the fundamental constitutions of the government. Carteret,
in his triumph over Andros, was disposed to stretch his pre
rogative to the utmost, as if in compensation for his recent
expulsion from power. The town, as well as the other parts
of the Province, was now agitated very considerably by this
question. The Assembly met here, Oct. 19, 1681. At the
.very opening of their sessions, the Deputies determined to
re-assert and establish their fundamental rights, according to
the terms of the Concessions, as originally published in 1665.
A conflict ensued, which resulted in the dissolution of the
Assembly by the Governor, a few days after they met.
Carteret had learned nothing by his troubles, and his long-
continued association with the people. The breach between
them must have been greatly widened by this transaction.
It was the first time' he had ventured to exercise this doubt
ful and dangerous prerogative .f
* Scot's Model of E. Jersey, p. 135. Thompson's L. I., II. 864-5. Eiker's Newtown, pp.
282, 3. N. York Marriages, pp. 68, 225. Whitehead's E. J., p. 85. Learning and Spicer, pp.
6S5-T. t N. Y. Col. Docmts., III. 293-300. Whitehead's E. Jersey, pp. 80, 192-5.

196 THE HISTORY OF
An unquiet time these humble pioneers had, it must be
admitted. Seventeen years had passed since Baker and
Bailey, Ogden and Watson had acquired, lawfully and hon
orably, a title to the soil, and entered into possession. Yet,
year after year, almost from the beginning, they were coming
into collision with the ruling powers of the territory, and
compelled to resist what they could not but regard, as en
croachments on their vested and sacred rights. Some few of
them, wearied with conflict, had parted with their interest to
others, and removed. But by far the most of them remained,
and manfully maintained the principles so dear to them.
Nor were these troubles without their use. They served
to strengthen and develop character ; fostering and bringing
into active exercise, in a remarkable degree, an intelligent
love for freedom, for independence, for well-regulated self-
rule, for constitutional principles, for popular rights ; pre
paring them, all the better, for the work of laying the foun
dations of the town, the state, the church. Their children,
too, who were just coming to years, were thereby subjected
to an admirable training, fittihg^them to occupy the place and
do the work of the founders, when these sturdy yeomen
should cease from their care and toil.
One by one, they were dropping into the grave. Seeley,
Andris, Dickinson, Pope, Simpkin, Trotter, Hopkins, Parker,
Wilson, Goodman Tomson, Bond, and possibly others, had
gone the way of all the earth. And now " good old John
Ogden," whose wanderings for forty years had justly entitled
him to rank with the " Pilgrim Fathers," — the acknowledged
pioneer of the town, in whose house the first white child of
the settlement was born, the accepted leader of the people,
a pillar in the church and in the state, honored and trusted by
all, — just as the year 1681 is expiring, lies down, and dies;
leaving the impress of his political and religious principles,
not only upon his children, but upon the community that he
has so largely aided in founding. A man he was of more
than ordinary mark — a man of sterling worth ; of whom the
town, as well as his numerous posterity, should be gratefully
mindful. He was called a " malcontent," and regarded as

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. I97
" the leading malcontent of Elizabeth Town ; " but surely
the man that was held in such high esteem by the accom
plished, sagacious and pious Winthrop, — the man who, both
at Southampton and here, had been an honored magis
trate, loved and trusted by the people, and, during the Dutch
rule, the virtual Governor of the English .portion of the
Province, is not to be ranked with restless agitators because
of his persistent opposition to an arbitrary government. A
true patriot, and a genuine Christian, he devoted himself
while living to the best interests of the town, and dying be
queathed to his sons the work of completing what he had so
fairly and effectually inaugurated — the establishment of a
vigorous plantation founded on the principles of civil and
religious liberty.

198 THE HISTORY OF

CHAPTER X.
A. D. 1664-1682.
Ecclesiastical — Church early organized, of Puritan type — First Meeting-House
and Grounds — Ministry — Rev. Thomas James — Rev. Jeremiah Peck—
Rev. Seth Fletcher.
The early religious history of the town is involved in great
uncertainty. But few memorials remain, from which any
thing, respecting the ecclesiastical affairs of the town, during
the first score of years, can be learned. It is known, that
the greater part of the settlers, and especially the leading
men, were professing Christians, God-fearing men, of Puri
tan principles, and religiously observant of the ordinances of
Christianity ; that they were early organized as a Christian
Church ; that this was the only church-organization in the
town for forty years ; that, soon after their arrival, they
erected a " meeting house," in which they were wont to
worship on the Lord's Day, and hold their town-meetings.
But, of the date of these events, and of the circumstances
connected with the founding of the church, and the erection
of the meeting-house, nothing is known.
Mention is made of " the town house," as early as June,
1671. Pardon, in his testimony relative to the Michell case,
says, "that on the 19th of June, 1671, he was at a meeting of
several inhabitants of this town who were met together at
the town house." It was, in all probability, in this " town •
house," that the first General Assembly of the Province met,
May 26, 1668> and subsequent Assemblies, also, met. In the
Act of 1682 for the erection of County Courts, it is provided,
that " the County of Essex Sessions " shall be held " in the
publick Meeting House of Elizabeth Town," twice in the

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 199
year. The " town-house " and the " meeting-house " were
one. The Puritans did not believe in consecrated places,
and so had no scruples in respect to the transaction of secu
lar business in their meeting-houses. As John Ogden had,
more than a score of j'ears before his coming here, erected
the stone church in the fort at New Amsterdam, and had,
soon after his coming, put up and operated a saw-mill at the
bridge ; and as several of the original Associates were car
penters and joiners; it is more than probable, that one of
their first public concerns was the building of their meeting
house. As early as Feb. 19, 166-f, they held " a meeting
court," at which the whole town was present, and sixty-five
men took the oath of allegiance and fidelity. The house had,
most likely, been built before this date.*
Nothing can now be determined as to its size, cost, arrange
ments, or general, appearance. Something may be conjec
tured, by reference to the town house at Newark, built in
1669, which was to be erected " with a Lenter to it all the
Length which will make it Thirty Six foot Square, with the
doors, and Windows, and Flue Boards at the Gable Ends ; " to
cost seventeen pounds, and the Town to furnish the timber.
It was a frame building, and, probably, somewhat larger and
more sightly than the one at Newark. f
The lot, on which the house was built, included the present
burying-ground of the First Presbyterian Church, extended
on the west to the river, and contained about eight acres.
The earliest survey of the lot, now to be found, bears date,
June 5, 1732, and was made by Joseph Man, Surveyor. It
is recorded by Jefferys, the Town Clerk, in these words :
Surveyed for the Committee of the Freeholders of Elizabeth town the
meeting house Lot beLonging to y6 sd Eliz"1 town Begining at y" : n : E :
Corner of mr willm Williamsons house Lot thence Euning North 50 ;
degs : 7 : m : & a i west 13 : Chanes : 15 : Links to ye mill Eiver. thence
Euning as y" sd Eiver Euns : 2 : Chanes & a 4} to m\ Jewels Line.
thence Euning South. 88 : degr8. East fifteen Chanes &. 15 : Links to a
highway thence Euning South 15 deg8. & a f west. 9 : Chanes : &. 70
Links to y° fi3-st mentioned place Bounded on ye South by Cap : william-
* Learning and Spicer, pp. 77, 231. E. T Bill, p. 32. E. J. Eecords, III. 79,
t Newark Town Eecords, pp. 10, 11.

200 THE HISTORY OF
sons and west by y° mill Eiver and north by mr. Jewels and East by y
highway, the Contents of: y° aboue. sd. peace of Land is Seuen acres and
foure hundred parts of one acre which is but a Narey small mater a bout
6 Eod & all most a i.
Another survey was made by Joseph Morss, May 22, 1766,
including more ground on the South, and estimating thewhole
as containing about eight acres. The Trustees claimed " that
the first Purchasers & Associates did give the af* Tract of
Land, for the Use of a Presbyterian Church, the Record of
which on or about, the year 1719 was either lost or destroyed."
Whereupon the Committee of the Freeholders allowed " the
above Lot of Land to the sd Trustees their Heirs & Succes
sors on the Pight of Matthias Hatfield, one of the sd Asso
ciates."* The meeting-house occupied the site of the present church ;
but, as it was much smaller, it did not coyer much, if any,
more than the front half — the other half containing the graves
of most of the first settlers. Graves were sometimes duo- "in
the church," as will appear on a subsequent page; so that
nearly the whole area of the First Church, probably, is occu
pied with the remains of the first two or three generations of
the people of the town.f
Provision was made, by the Associates, for a " Town Lott
for the Minister ; " who was to have " a third Lot Pight in
the prmisses ; " and reference is occasionally made, in the
Records of Surveys, to " the parsonage lot ; " but the survey
of the lot itself, and of the first and second divisions of the
third-lot right, is not on record..};
The Rev. Thomas James, pastor of the Church of East
Hampton, L. I., as already stated, had been chosen the first
minister of the town, and had consented to cast in his lot
with them ; but was persuaded, by those of his people who
remained, to abandon the enterprise. Great must have
been the disappointment, especially to the godly men and
women who composed so large a part of the community, as,
from the scarcity of worthy ministers of the gospel, it was
* E. Town Book, B., pp. 47, 170-1. f E. Town Book, B. p. -2.
t Trustees' Book, Mar. 24, 1766.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 201
no easy matter to supply his place. That it was supplied,
to some extent, can scarcely be questioned.
But whence their pulpit was supplied for the first two
years is not known. Possibly some one of the ministers of
Long Island, or Connecticut, may have made them an occa
sional visit. The venerable Pierson may have made them
a visit, before he removed to Newark, Oct. 1, 1667. Daven
port, or Street, may have come on from New Plaven, to look
after the scattered sheep of their flock. Newton, from Mil
ford, or Eliot, from Guilford, or Bishop, from Stamford,
may, for a like reason, have made them an occasional visit.
The venerable John Young, of Southold, had two sons in the
colony and several of his flock, whom he may have visited
now and then. The same may have been true of James,
of East Hampton, Fordham, of Southampton, Leverich, ot
Huntington, and Walker of Jamaica ; or some recent graduate
of Harvard, or some probationer of more humble pretensions,
may have here made trial of his gifts ; or they may have had
to rely only on " deacon's meetings," as they were called.
REV. JEREMIAH PECK.
The Rev. Jeremiah Peck became a freeholder of this
town, as early as 1668. The home-lot of Capt. Robert
Seeley, deceased, is described, Nov. 2, 1668, as lying " be
tween the Personage Lott and Jeremiah Peck's." The
precise date of his coming is not stated.*
He was the eldest son of Dea. Wm. Peck, of New Haven,
Ct. ; was born neai\ London, Eng., in 1622, or 1623 ; and,
at the age of fifteen, accompanied his father, in the ship
Hector, to this country, arriving' at Boston, June 26, 1637.
Thence Dea. Peck, with his family, proceeded to New
Haven, in 1639, and became one of the founders of that
town. According to Cotton Mather's statement, Jeremiah
studied at Harvard College, graduating in 1654. But his
name is not included in the Harvard Catalogues. He was,
at this time, in his 32d year ; and must, therefore, have
commenced his studies late in life.f
* E. J. Eecords, I. 6, 7. t Savage's Gen. Diet., III. 381. Mather's Hecatompolls.

202 THE HISTORY OF
Devoting himself to the work of teaching, he was employ
ed at Guilford, Ct., where, Nov. 12, 1656, he married
Johannah, daughter of Robert Kitchell, of that town; and
where, Jan. 18, 1659-60, his eldest son, Samuel, was born.
In the Records of the Colony of New Haven, under date of
June 28, 1660, appears the following entry : —
It was agreed that Mr Pecke, now at Guilford, should be schoole-
master, and that it should begin in October next, when his half yeare
expires there ; he is to keepe ye schoole, to teach the schollers Lattine,
Greek and Hebrew, and fitt them for the Colledge ; and for the salary,
he knowes the alowance fro the colony is 40u a yeare and for further
treaties they must leave it to New baven, where the schoole is ; and for
further orde3-s concerning the schoole and well carrying it on, the elders
will consider of some against the court of magistrates in October next,
when things as there is cause may be fm-ther considered.
Mr. Peck accepted the appointment, and returned to his
old home, in Oct. 1660, a house and a plot of land being
also allowed him. Under date of May 29, 1661, the follow
ing record is made : —
There was sundry propositions presented by Mr. Pecke, schoolemaster,
to this Court as followeth : (in all fifteen, relative to the school ; closing,
as follows) : these things being suitably considered and confirmed, if it
please the honoured court further to improue him who at present is
schoole master, although unworthy of any such respect, and weake for
such a worke, yet his reald intention is to giue vp himselfe to the work
of a gratner schoole, as , it shall please God to giue opportunity and
assistance. His propositions, with some considerable modifications,
were accepted, with which " Mr Pecke seemed to be very
well satisfied."
Nov. 5, 1662. Mr Pecke ppounded about some differance betwixt
the treasurer & himselfe in snaking vp their accounts, but the Court left
it to them to issue it between themselves.
It was alsoe ppounded about 4" abated of Mr Pecke's sallary, for some
time that he left y" schoole, whether it should not return to ye jurisdic
tion. Owing to the distraction of the time the school was laid down.*
This settlement of accounts was owing to his removal, a
year previous, to the town of Saybrook, having entered into
* N. Haven Colonial Records, II. 877, 407, 8; 471, 2.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 203
an agreement with the people, Sept. 25, 1661, to labor
among them in the work of the ministry, and to receive, as
a settlement, £100, in lands in fee, and £55, in a house and
lot to revert to the town if he removed within five years ;
his salary to be £60, a year, to be paid in two firkins of
butter, and the rest in corn and flesh at current prices ; his
maintenance to be, if necessary, increased. His ordination
must have taken place in the latter part of 1661, or early
part of 1662.*
The people of Saybrook were either a little fastidious, or
reasonably convinced that Mr. Peck was not just the
preacher that they needed, as appears from the following
letter :
Anno Domini 63 feb. 2 Eespected and loving ffriends the Inhabitants
and planters of Seabroke I understand and that from divers that there is
much Dissatisfaction with Eeference to myselfe in respect to my proceed
ing in the Ministry at least to a settlement and that there are desires in
many to provide themselves with a more able Help: I do freely leave my
self to the providence of God and the Thots of his people : and so far as I
am any wayes concerned herein I doe leave the Towne wholly to their
own Liberty to provide for themselves as God shall direct : and with re
spect to laying aside the future Term of years expressed in the Covenant
as also of laying me aside from an Employment of so great a concernment
I do desire that these Things may be duly considered and dealt tenderly
in that I may not be rendered useless in future service for God : altho I
am unworthy to be improved so I am yours in what I may as God shall
please to direct and enable.t
Notwithstanding these difficulties, he continued at Say-
brook nearly two years longer, closing his engagement, Jan.
30, 166f, the town " giving him full possession of his accom
modation," and purchasing it of him for his successor. He
returned to Guilford, where he found his father-in-law, many
of the Guilford people, and the greater part of Branford with
Mr. Pierson, their aged minister, talking about a removal to
New Jersey. Casting in his lot with them, he came to
Newark, either in the autumn of 1666, or the spring of 1667,
and became one of the founders of the town. His house-lot
was on the E. corner of Market and Mulberry sts., adjoining
* Branson's Waterhury, pp. 201-12. t Stiles' Itinerary, in Yale Coll. Lib., III. 122.

204 THE HISTORY OF
h'is father-in-law's, on Mulberry st., and Obadiah Bruen's on
Market st. It is probable, that he served the town in the
ministry until Mr. Pierson's arrival, Oct. 1, 1667.*
The close relations, that subsisted between the people of.
this town and Newark, may have led them to seek a supply
for their vacant pulpit at Newark. Mr. Peck was not
needed there, after Mr. Pierson came, and, in all probability,
soon after removed to this town, and entered on the work of
the ministry here, occupying himself, also, as a teacher of
the rising generation. As stated before, he was a townsman
in November, 1668, and may have been such for a year
previous. In July, 1670, the people of Woodbridge instruct-
ted their committee for the supply of the pulpit, to apply to
"Mr. Peck of Elizabethtown," or "Mr. Samuel Treat, to
preach six or seven months." A subsequent application, May,
1675, was made to Mr. " Jeremiah Peck," but with no better
success. f
It is evident that Mr. Peck was known extensively as a
minister of the gospel. An application for his ministerial
services was made in March, 167|-, by the people of Jamaica,
L. I. At a town meeting, March 6, 167-!, they made " choise
of Jonas holsteade & John Foster to goe to Mr™ Pek or any
other minister that may be procured to come and live
amongst us as our minister." In the Records of the Prov
ince of E. Jersey, he is designated as " Clarke," or Clergy
man.:): In the absence, therefore, of all evidence to the contrary,
it is safe to conclude, that Mrf Jeremiah Peck came to this
town as early as 1668, on invitation of the people, to serve
them in the ministry of the gospel ; and that he is to be re
garded as the first pastor of the church in this place. His
house-lot is described as containing 5 acres, 13 by 4 chains,
bounded, N. & E., by highways ; S., by Ben. Parkis (for
merly Capt. Seeley's) ; and W., by the Mill Creek. He had
an allotment of 180 acres, with a third-lot right.§
In 1672, he became, with others, a purchaser from the In-
* Newark Town Eecords, pp. 8, 5, 10. E. J. Eeoords, II. 9S.
t Whitehead's Amboy, p. 881. } Maodonald's Jamaica, p. 69. § E. J. Eepprds, II. 98.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 205
dians, of a tract of land, in the western part of the present
town of Greenwich, Ct. In the autumn of 1678, he accepted
an invitation to settle with them in the ministry, where he
continued until 1690 ; when, having made himself obnoxious
to some of the Greenwich people, by his opposition to " the
half-way covenant," and having been invited to settle at
Waterbury, Ct., he entered upon the pastoral work at the
latter place, and continued there until his death, June 7,
1699, in the 78th year of his age. His eldest son, Samuel,
remained at Greenwich, and became the father of the numer
ous family of that name in that vicinity.*
REV. SETH FLETCHER.
The second minister of the town was the Rev. Seth
Fletcher. After the removal of Mr. Peck at the close of
1678, there is nothing on record to show, that any minister
of the gospel had become a permanent resident until the
summer of 1680, when Mr. Fletcher was employed to
preach. He was the son of Robert Fletcher, of Concord, Mass., who
died, April 3, 1677, aged 85. His sister, Hope, was married
to the Rev. Samuel Stow, son of Thomas Stow, of Concord, a
graduate of Harvard in 1615, the first minister of Middletown,
Ct., from 1646 to 1655, and thenceforward a citizen of Mid
dletown till his death, in 1704. Mr. Fletcher made a profes
sion of religion, at Hampton, N. H, in early life, under the
ministry of the Rev. Timothy Dalton, with whom he studied for
the ministry. He married, previous to 1655, at Portsmouth,
N. H., Mary, the only daughter of Maj. Bryan Pendleton,
a man of considerable property and distinction. Their only
child inherited, at his grandfather's death, in 1681, the home
stead at Winter Harbor, Me. As early as 1655, Mr. Fletcher
became the minister of Wells, Me. ; but, owing mainly to the
laxness of his views on the sanctification of the Sabbath, he
was dismissed, in Oct., 1660. From this time until 'the
breaking out of the Indian War, in 1675, he resided at Saco,
Me., supplying the pulpit, except for short intervals, from
* Bronson's Waterhnry, pp. 201-12. Mead's Hist, of Greenwich, pp. 67, 8, 72, 8, 295-306.

206 THE HISTORY OF
year to year. Retiring with his father-in-law from the ex
posed frontiers, he tarried awhile at Salem, Mass., where he
preached occasionally for the Rev. John Higginson, at whose
instance, in 1676, he visited the towns on the east end of Long
Island. Fordham, of Southampton, had died in 1674, and
had been succeeded, until July, 1676, by John Harriman.
He had now returned to New Haven, and Mr. Fletcher was
employed as his successor.*
Mr. Fletcher remained at Southampton about four years,
(1676-80) ; at the expiration of which time he was induced
to remove, and become the minister of this town, in the sum
mer or autumn of 1680. Of his ministry here, the only me
morial is a letter to Mr. Increase Mather of Boston, dated
" Elizabeth Towne, March 25, 1681." It is a document of
great interest, and the earliest ecclesiastical memorial of the
town. It presents some facts not otherwise known : —
Eev. Sir : You may please to call to mind that since I saw you in March
(or Aprell) the year past, I wrott a Letter to you bearing date May 28 ;
1680, and another before that, May 10, 1680. That upon May 10 (espe
cially) being about Mr. Gershom Hobart's 16s. 6d. which he is indebted
to mee, and Mr. Trapp's Exposition from Romans to the end of the Bible
(in quarto.) I never heard from you since what hath been done with it.
I am now more remote and so the more to secke of cash. New York not
being such a place for the production of money as Boston is. Be pleased
the3-efore to acquaint Mr. Bateman at the draw bridge foote what you
have done, or like to doe, or are inclined to doe about it. I bave been
much molested with Quakers here since I came. New ones comeing in
one ofter another. Upon February last past upon the motion of two of
the sect, one of which two is a schoolemr to some children in the towDe
(by nation a Scott, by name John Usquehart,) by former profession (as
fame makes known to mee) a Popish Priest. A scholler he doth professe
himselfe to be, and I find that he hath the Latine tongue. The businesse
of that day was for mee to maintain an Assertion viz. That a Quaker liv
ing and dyeing as a Quaker (without repentance) nrast find out a new
gospell, which might afo3'd them hope of salvation, for what God hath
revealed in his holy word there was no salvation for them in their impen
itent condition. I opened the terms Explicated by way of distinction of
sedusers and seduced and so their sinnes, and likewise what God expected
from the one and the other sort, which being done (although there were
•Savage's Gon. Diot, II. 178-4. Allen's Am. Biog. [Diet., Art., Stow. Greenleafs
Sketches, p. 68. Folsom's Saco and Biddeford, pp. 130-6. Felt's New England, II. 173,
249, 892. Mass. Keoords, IV. 426, 484.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 207
four or five more Quakers in the throng, yet none appearing in the cause
but the schoUer aforesaid and a Chirurgeon) I demanded of them what
they had to say against my Explanation. Instead of sp,eaking pertinently
the scholler (whom I understand had been at the University four or five
years) begins to tell the people a story of Moses, Ezra, Habaccuk their
being Quakers. Whereupon having the people on account of the business
of the day I proceeded to six severall Argmnents by which to make good
my Assertion, viz. That a Quaker living and dyeing as a Quaker (without
repentance) accoi'ding to what God hath revealed in his word, he could
not be saved. I in every argument demanded what part of the Argu
ments they would deny but instead of answer there was railing and
threatening mee that my destruction was nigh at hand. To prove the
Minor I continually produced their owne authos's and several things out
of their Babbie's books, which so exceedingly gauled them that then they
set themselves to Humming, singing, reeling their heads and bodies (An
tique like) whereby both to disturb mee and to take off the people from
attending to what I had to say for the maintainingthe Assertion. Since
that (I heare) I must ere long be proved to be no minister of Christ, and
they have attempted to raise as great a party at Eoad Island and Delle-
way Bay against mee as they can. Nay more they say England and their
Mends there shall heare of it and in speciall Will. Penn, whom I men
tioned once and but once and then but in my 4th argument, Namely his
denyall of Christ being a distinct person without us from his book en
titled Counterfeit Christian p. 77. As for news about Commonwealth
affairs I saw a Proclamation of the old Governor foihideing upon Perill
the graunting any obedience to those in present power, promiseing open
courts shortly. The proclamation was put up here at our meeting house
upon Sabbath morn March 1680-1, but before morning exercise taken
down, and the day after sent to York. What the issue will be God (in
time) will discover. Sir no further to inlarge I take leave committing
you, to the keeper of Israel, remaineing yours to serve you in the Lord.
I saw Mr. Abraham Person in health upon Thursday morning March
9 at his own house and the next day Mr. Allen (in health also) at my
house.* During Mr. Fletcher's residence at Southampton, he had
become somewhat intimately acquainted with the family of
Mr. Henry Pierson, the ancestor of the Pierson family. Mr.
Fletcher, whose wife had died some years previously, may
have been an inmate of his house. Mr. Pierson died, Oct.,
1680, leaving his wife, Mary, and their children, Joseph,
Henry, (b. 1652), Benjamin," Theodore, and Sarah (b. Jan.
* Mather Papers, FoUom's Saco, pp. 180-6.

kt-. ifru

208 THE HISTORY OF
20, 1660). His estate was valued at £1256, 1, 2,— a large
sum. In due time Mr. Fletcher made proposals of marriage
to the widow,"which were accepted ; and, May 30, 1681, or
shortly after, they were united in the bonds of wedlock. A
written contract was drawn up, and entered on the Records
of the Province, as follows : —
This writing witnesseth A Covenant Contract and Agreement by and
between Mr Seth Eletcher of Elizabeth Town in the Province of New
Jei'sey of the one part and MrB Mary Pearson of Southampton in the East
riding of Yorkshire on Long Island of the other part and is as followeth
Imp" the said Mr Seth Eletcher by and upon the said M" Peirson's
and his sollom Contract of Marriage doth hereby bind himself his heirs
Executors and Administrators firmly by these presents, that he will not
at any time vase or dispose or in the Least ever Concern himself or desire
any of the Estate of her the said M" Peirson notwithstanding their. Mar
riage togeath Onely one hundred pounds which the said M" Peirson doth
Engage to Deliver into his hands for the Mutual Comfort of each other
and doth Engage himself that if it should please God to call him out of
this Life before the said Mr8 Pearson to Leave unto her the said hundred
pounds again and also to give unto her one hundred pounds more of his
own proper Estate and to take three of her children with her as Long as
she shall see cause to have them so to be with her and she the said M"
Mary Pearson doth hereby Engage herself and her Executors that if she
shall depart this her Natural Life before him the said Mr Seth Fletcher
that then he the said Mr Seth Fletcher shall Quietly have and forever as
his own proper and free Estate Enjoy the aforesaid One Hundred Pounds,
without the Least demand of any by from or under her the saidM" Peir
son Clayming or Laying any manner of title or Claime to any part or
parcell thereof and this our mutual sollomn Covenant and agreement, wee
Joyntly and Severally before the sollomn Tye of Matrimony have here
unto for the Conformation of this our Covenant both of us set our hands
and seales in Southampton this thirtieth day of May in the thirty third
yeare of the Keigne of our Sovereign Lord Charles the Second By the
Grace of God King of England France and Ireland Annoq, Dom 1681.
Seth Fletcher
In the presence of us Josuah Barnes Mary Peirson
Henry Peirson Thomas Harris.*
Benjamin Pierson, and, probably, two others of her chil
dren, accompanied Mrs. Fletcher to her new home, and thus
the Pierson family were introduced here — distinct from the
* E. J. Eeoords, IV. 14. N. Y. Book Of Wills, II. 62-4.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 209
Newark family, who sprang from the Rev. Abraham Pierson ;
though the latter was probably an uncle, or elder brother of
Henry Pierson, Sen1, of Southampton.*
Mr. Fletcher's death occurred in August of the following
year (1682), and his widow took, Sept. 18, Letters of Admin
istration from Governor Carteret. His estate was valued at
£559, 5, 8, of which the books were rated at £175, 4, 4.
His library must have been quite large for the times. He
appears to have been a man of vigorous thought, of scholarly
attainments, and of much zeal for the truth, — though, at one
time, somewhat lax on the doctrine of the Sabbath. Possibly,
his controversies' with the Quakers in these parts may have
led him to entertain more orthodox views on that subject.
He was, probably, nearly sixty years old at the time of his
decease. The children of his son, Pendleton, (who died a
captive among the Indians in 1698), settled in the vicinity of
Wells and Saco, Me.f
* Howell's Southampton, pp. 808, 4.
t E. J. Eecords, IV. 14. Folsom's Saoo, pp. 180-6,
14

210 THE HISTORY OF

CHAPTER XI.
A.D. 1682-1688.
Death of Sir George Carteret — Sale of the Province — Quaker Rule — Robert
Barclay, Governor — Thomas Rudyard, Dep. Governor — Death of Gov. Car
teret — His Character — His Will — New Era — Quaker Settlers — Descrip
tions of the Town and Country in 1684-5 — Rudyard's Administration —
Legislature — Enactments — Gawen Laurie, Dep. Governor — Land Troubles
revived — Militia — Scotch Immigration — Lawrie's Account of the Town and
Country — Scot's Model — Other Accounts — Lawrie's Land Investments—
Western Bounds — Baker's Trial — Perth Amboy made the Capital — Acces
sion of the Duke of York to the Throne — Trouble about the Newark Bounds —
Lawrie Superseded.
With the decease of Sir George Carteret, Jan. 14, 16|f , a
new administration of the government of East Jersey became
a necessity. In his will, dated Dec. 5, 1678, all his property
in E. Jersey was devised to Trustees for the benefit of his
creditors. Fruitless attempts were made, for two or three
years, to obtain a purchaser, though the whole territory with
the right of jurisdiction was offered to Lord Norreys and
others for less than £6000. The government of the Province,
in the mean time, was administered in the name of" The Right
HonbIe The Lady Elizabeth Carteret, Baroness, Widow, The
Relict and Sole Executrix of the Right Honb,e Sir George
Carteret, Knight and Baronet Deceased Late Lord Proprietor
of the said Province, and Grandmother and Guardian to Sir
George Carteret Baronet Grandson and Heir of the said
Sir George Carteret Deceased, the Present Lady Proprietrix
of the Province aforesaid." *
The Province, with the Jurisdiction of the People, was at
length disposed of to the highest bidder in January, 168£,
* E. J. Eecords, II. 37.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 211
together with all arrearages of rent and sums of money due
to the late Proprietor, for which, Deeds of Lease and Release
were executed, Feb. 1 & 2, 168£. The sum paid for the
property and privileges was £3400. The 'purchasers were
an Association of twelve persons, residents of London and its
vicinity, the mosfrof them connected with the Society of
Friends, Wm.,Penn, Thomas Rudyard and Samuel Groome
being of the number. Presently after, the number of the
Associates was doubled, six being added from Scotland, and
the remainder mostly from London. Among the Scotch
were James Drummond, the Earl of Perth, Lord High Chan
cellor of Scotland, a thorough monarchist of the Stuart type,
and subsequently a Papist and an exiled Jacobite ; his brother,
David Drummond ; and Robert Barclay, of Urie, the Quaker
Apologist. Gawn Lawrie, the Quaker merchant, was one of
the new Proprietors, from London. One Proprietor was thus
exchanged for twenty -four ; and the Cavalier for the Quaker
rule.* Robert Baeclay, originally a Presbyterian, then a Papist,
and now a Quaker, being in favor not only with William
Penn, the leading Quaker, but with the royal family, was
chosen Governor of the Province, with the privilege of non-
residence and of acting by Deputy. He made choice of
Thomas Rtjdyaed, one of the Proprietors, and a London bar
rister, as his Deputy. Samuel Groome, another Proprietor,
and a sea-captain, of Stepney, near London, who had visited
America in 1676, was appointed Receiver and Surveyor
General.-)- Rudyard and Groome arrived, and took up their residence
in the town, November 13, 1682 ; thus superseding Carteret
and Vauquellin, and putting an end to Carteret's long con
test with the people. Rudyard brought with him his two
adult daughters, Margaret and Anne, and, possibly, his two
sons, Benjamin and John, also. Groome, whose family re
mained in England, became the Governor's host. Carteret
Bill* £"f $£* SP'Ce '' PP' 14W50- WMtehe»d'» *• J°™y, PP- 82, 8, 8, 90, 196-208. E. T.
i.:.Gzt^AiT^m 8: 688- ™ead'8 E- j™- 89-w «*

212 THE HISTORY OF
continued to occupy the government-house, which he claimed
as his own property. Groome's house was on the north side
of the Creek, below the bridge, on tide water.*
Carteret survived his retirement from office only some four
weeks, his will, made just before his death, bearing date,
Dec. 10, 1682. Of the cause, occasion and circumstances of
his death, no record remains. It may have resulted from the
injuries received at the time of his capture by Andros.
However well-qualified, by gifts and attainments, he may
have been, for the administration of the government of a
newly-founded Colony, he failed to secure the confidence and
respect of the town and province. Living among, and asso
ciating daily with, a community in full sympathy with the
men and manners and principles of the Commonwealth, he
was ever exemplifying, asserting, and upholding the social
and political (if not the ecclesiastical) principles of the
Stuarts, and exacting a deference, as the representative of
that aristocratic and vicious court, which the Puritan colo
nists of the town and Province were among the very last to
concede. Instead of identifying himself as much as possible
with his townsmen, and seeking to conciliate them, he seems*
to have pursued a course, almost from the first, that, he must
have known, would excite their prejudices, and thwart their
plans and purposes in founding a settlement in the wilderness.
From the time of the first collision with the people in 1668,
he persisted in excluding, from his council and confidence,
the very best men in the community — men of sterling integ
rity and of great moral worth, putting in office, and persist-
* Scot's Model of E. N. J., pp. 149, 150. The government house, built by Carteret, Just
before his death, was subsequently known as the u White House ; " sometimes as " Schuy
ler's House," it having passed into the hands of Col. Peter Schuyler. It was converted into
a public house, and was kept by Mrs. Margaret Johnston, formerly the widow of Wm. Wil
liamson, and then of Mr. Chetwood, a daughter of Capt Matthias De Hart, and sister of Mrs.
Samuel Mann. It was then called, " the Nag's Head Tavern." In 1766, it was offered for
sale, by Jonathan Hampton. In 1TS4, it was again advertised (by CoL Edward Thomas) for
sale, as " that large, commodious, and famous Brick House, known by the name of the White
House, built in the strongost and best manner, by a former Governor of New Jersey, for the
seat of government, beautifully situated on the river running through the town, on which is
a very good wharf." It is thus fully identified as Carteret's house. In 1T49, St John's Par
sonage is described in the deed of sale, as " on the South side of the said Elizabeth Town Creek
opposite to a large white house now or late belonging to Mr. Peter Schuyler." This deter
mines the locality. Weyman's N. Y. Gazette, No. 249. Holt's N. Y. Journal, No. 1214.
Clark's St. John's Churoh, p. 186.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 213
ently retaining, when notoriously rejected and despised
for their sycophancy, such parasites as Bollen, Vauquellin,
and Pardon. His administration must be regarded as a com
plete failure, opposed, as it was, almost from the beginning,
by the worthiest men of the Colony. He seems to have had
no party in the town, outside of the clique that came with
him and lived on his favor and patronage.
His position enabled him to acquire some of the very best
properties in the settlement ; not less than 4,000 acres having
been surveyed for him and Sir George. He died in his 44th
year. His widow survived him, and continued to reside in
the town, occupying for a considerable time, and claiming
as her own, in her husband's right, the government house
and property. She became, in 1685, the wife of Col. Richard
Townley, who had become a resident of the town very shortly
after her husband's death. Her eldest son, Joseph, married
in 1690 Mary Townley, who was undoubtedly, Col. Richard's
daughter, by his first wife.*
With the change of proprietorship came a new era in the
history of the town. Rudyard was furnished with a kind
and conciliatory letter from the Proprietors to the planters.
Everything connected with the new order of affairs gave
promise of peace and prosperity. Rudyard was a man of
amiable instincts, and courteous demeanor, though not want
ing in firmness. He represented, not the lordly cavalier of
an aristocratic court, but a trading association, of which the
* E. J. Becor<5s, A. 17-18; H. 2,, p. 848. Whitehead's E. Jersey, p. 85. Extracts from
the Will of Philip Carteret. "I give & beqneath my Sonl to Almighty God that Gave it
me in full Assurance that I shall be made Partaker of Eternal Life by &. through the Merrits
of my most Dear and bleflsed Redeemer Jesus Christ my Savionr, and my Body to be buryed
in such decent manner as my Executrix shall think meet in the Vault at Govern1 Stephen
son's Bowry, if Liberty may be obtain'd, otherways Liberty to be purcbas'd in the Church att
New York" AU his Estate in New Jersey he gives to his " most deare Wife Elizabeth Car
teret" and her heirs; he then adds: "And all my Negroes and other Servants, excepting
Black Jack who Ja. sett free from servitude from and after the Day of my Burial." " Unto
my Mother Mrs. Eachell Carteret if she he yett living All that my Mannor House, Edifice and
Buildings with all my Lands, Tenements & Hereditaments within the Island of Jersey:"
in case of her death, to be "equally conveyed to my Brother's and Sister's children of my said
Mother." He appoints his "deare Wife sole Executrix;" and desires his "well-beloved.
friends Thomas Endyard aud Eobert Vicars of Elizabeth Town afores* to be assistant to my
said Executrix appointing them to be my Trustees and Supervisors." The witnesses to the
Will are Eobert Vicars, Teaac Swinton, James Emott, George Jewell and Martha Symes.
It was proved Dec. SO, 1682. See, also, Genealogy of the Lawrence Family, pp. 139, 149-50.
Learning and Spicer, p. 177.

214 THE HISTORY OF
members were,' most of them, plain and unassuming men,
attached to a sect everywhere spoken against, familiar with
adversity, and who, in person and estate, had suffered not a
little from the intolerance of the crown.
Some few of this sect, but not the most favorable speci
mens, had, as appears from Mr. Fletcher's statement, already
found their way into the settlement. Shrewsbury, one of the
seven associated towns that constituted the Province, had
been settled in 1667, almost exclusively by Quakers, the first
religious meetings of the Society in IST. Jersey having been
held there in 1670. The territory of West Jersey had, since
1674, been in the possession of members of the Society, and
the lower part of the Delaware had been peopled, on either
side, by numerous arrivals of Quakers, year by year, since
1675. This town had now become the seatof a Quaker gov
ernment, and so gradually began to receive accessions to the
number of its planters from the better class of the Society.
These mostly took up or bought lands on the Rahway river,
where their successors in lineage and doctrine are found at
the present day.*
An " Account of the settled towns " " in the Province of
East New Jersey," in 1680, " given under the hand of Cap
tain Nicholls, Secretary of the Duke in New York," contains
the following statements respecting this town : —
It lies up 3 miles within a Greek, the entrance whereof is opposite to
the Northwest end of Staten Island. There are several Out-plantations
on the North end of the Eiver which divides the bounds- between this •
Town and Woodbridge, particularly where the roads pass over, to which
place is about 7 or 8 miles. There are other plantations at the point or
entrance of the Creek, on the North side of it, commonly called Gov
ernor Carteret's point, where there is another farme, between the pro
prietor and him. Its but a narrow passage there over to the meadows of
Staten Island, then 'on Northward there are other Plantations fronting
to the Bay that lies to the North part of Staten Island, besides some other
within Land, from the Town to New York bounds. There is in this
Town a house, orchards and farm, within the Town in partnership be
tween the Proprietor and Governour, Philip Carteret, it being one of the
ftfst houses built there, and hath all along been the resident of the Gov-
ernoui-, untill of late he hath finished his New house. The Town is built
* Proud's Hist, of Pa., 1. 161.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 215
on both sides of the Creek, and consists of 150 Families and of 700 In
habitants. The Acres taken up^by the Town are computed to be 10,000,
and for the Out-Plantations 30,000.*,
Several interesting statements respecting the Town are,
also,, preserved in a letter written by Gov. Rudyard, May 30,
1683, about six months after his arrival. He speaks of the
Fresh and salt meadows, which now are very valuable, and no man
here will take up a Tract of Land without them, being the support of their
flocks in Winter, which other parts must supplie by store, and taking
more cai'e for English grass. But know, where salt marshes are not there
is no muskettos and that manner of Land the more health.
We have one thing more, — which is vast Oyster banks, which is Con
stant fresh victuals during the winter, to English, as well as Indians ; so
we are supplied with salt fish at our doors, or within half a tyde's pas
sage, and fresh Fish in abundance in every little brook, as Pearch, Trout,
Eels, &c. which we catch at our doors. Provisions here are very plenti
ful, and people generally well stockt with cattle. New York and Bur-
lingtown have hitherto been their market ; Few or no Trading Men being
here in this Province. I believe it hath been very unhappy heretofore
under an ill managed Government, and most of the people who are such,
have been invited from the adjacent Colonies by the goodness of its soil,
and convenient Scitnation.
There is 5 or 6 Saw mills going up here this Spring, two at work al
ready, which abates the price of boards half in half, and all other timber
for building: for although timber cost nothing, yet workmanship by
hand was London price, or near upon, or sometimes more, which these
mills abate.
My habitation with Samuel Groome is at Elizabeth Town, and here
we came first ; it lyes on a fresh small river, with the tyde, ships of 30 or
40 Tuns, come before our doors, throughout this town is good English
grass, and very good burthen, we cannot call our habitation solitarie for
what with the public employ I have little less company at my house
dayly, than I had in George Yard, although not so many pass by my
doors. The people are generally a sober professing people, Wise iu their
Generation, Courteous in their Behaviour, and Eespectful to us in office
among them.
As for the Temperature of the Air, it is wonderfully scituated to the
Humours of Mankind, the wind and weather rarely holding in one point
or one kind for ten dayes together. It is a rare thing for a vessel to be
wind bound for a week together, the wind seldom holding in a point more
than 48 hours ; and in a short time we have wet and dry, warm and cold
weather. Yet this variation creates not cold, nor have we the tenth par*
* Scot's Model of E. J., pp. 184, 5,

216 THE HISTORY OF
of the cold as we have in England : for generally I go with, the same
Cloaths I use to wear in Summer with you ; but warm Cloaths hurt not.
I bless the Lord, I never had better health, nor my family, my Daughters
are very well improved in that respect, and tell me they would not change
their place for George Yard, nor would I. People here are generally set
tled, where the tyde reaches ; and although this is a good Land, and well
Timbered, and plentifully supplied with salt Marsh, yet there is much bet
ter Land up higher on the Eiver, where they may go up with small boats,
where many now are settling. There's extrordinary Land, fresh Meadows
overflowed in the Winter time, that produces multitudes of Winter Corns:
and it is believed will endure 20, 30, or 50 years overflowing without in
termission, and not decay. William Penn took a view of the Land, this
last month when here, and said he had never seen snch before in his
life: All the English Merchants, and many of the Dutch have taken,
and are desirous to take up Plantations with us. At .a town called New
ark, 7 or 8 miles hence, is made great quantities of Syder, exceeding any
we can have from New England or Rhod Island or Long Island. I hope
to make 20 or 30 Barrels out of our Orchard next year, as they have done
who had it before me, for that, it must be as Providence orders.
We have store of Clams esteemed much better than Oysters ; on Fes
tivals the Indians feast with them ; there are shallops, but in no great
plentie. Fish we have great store, as our relation sets forth, but they are
very good when catcht (as the proverb is). I have several barrels by me
now, which are good for our Table and for Sale. In probability, there is
not an industrious man, but by God's blessing may not only have a com
fortable, but plentiful supplie of all things necessary for this life.
Samuel Groome, the Surveyor General, observes, Aug. 11,
1863.— Well here is a brave Countrey, the ground very frnitfull, and wonder
fully inclinable to English grass, as Clower, &c. It Predominates over the
more wild grasse : very little barren, much dry upland, and good meadow,
some phenny, swampy land and small running brooks and rivers through
out all the parts of the Countrey I have been, and this phenny and swampy
Land bears great burdens of grass ; in short, the land is four times better
than I expected.*
Gov. Rudyard subsequently obtained a Grant of 3000
acres, mostly on the Rahway and Raritan rivers ; and became
a Planter on a large scale, thus confirming his declaration of
preference for these new settlements over the crowded thor
oughfares of London.f
* Scott's Model of E. Jersey, pp. 147-164, 8. t E. Jersey Eeoords, L., 16, 17.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 217
Among the Council, whom Rudyard appointed, December
13, 1682, was Benjamin Price, Sen1, of this town. On the
20th of December, the Governor took the oath of office, and
shortly after called a General Assembly to meet in this town
on the 1st of March next ensuing. Henry Lyon, Isaac
Whitehead, Benjamin Price, and Benjamin Parkis, all of
them men of character and influence, and true representa
tives of the people, were appointed, February 4, 168f , Jus
tices of the Peace. Capt. John Baker and Benjamin Parkis
were appointed, March 28, Justices of the Court of Common
Right ; Capt. John Baker, Coroner ; George Jewell, Clerk
and Messenger ; and James Emott, Clerk of the new County
of Essex. These appointments indicate, on the part of Rud
yard and the Council, a disposition to conciliate, and be on
good terms with, the populace, whose preferences were,
evidently, consulted in these nominations ; with the excep
tion, possibly, of the last, — Emott, who was a new comer,
and not in full sympathy with the town. It was, at all
events, a great change from the old regime under Carteret,
when an entirely different class of men were put in power.*
The General Assembly met here the first day of March,
and continued in session until the 28th. An adjourned meet
ing was held in May, and another in December following ;
both in this town. At their first sessions, the Province was
divided into four counties, Bergen, Essex, Middlesex and
Monmouth ; " Essex and the County thereof, to contain all
the settlements between the West side of Hackinsack River,
and the parting line between Woodbridge and Elizabeth-
Town, and so to extend westward and northward, to the ut
most bounds of the Province." Provision was made for the
appointment of Sheriffs, Coroners, Justices, Clerks and other
officers, and for the erection of County Courts, a Court of
Small Causes for every town, and a Superior Court to be
called the Court of Common Right, to be held quarterly in
this town. Numerous laws, mostly such as were passed in
Carteret's time, for the preservation of good morals the
rights of property, and the welfare of the community, were
* E. J. Eecords, C, 9-20.

218 THE HISTORY OF
enacted. The same strictness in regard to profanity, intem
perance, licentiousness, and Sabbath-breaking, was retained.
Evidently, a healthful tone of morals prevailed, in the sev
eral settlements, notwithstanding the recent disturbances.*
At the adjourned meeting in May, the existence of domes
tic slavery is distinctly recognized. They say, that
It is found by daily experience, that negro and Indian slaves or servants
under pretence of trade, or liberty to traffick, do frequently steal from
their masters and others, what they expose to sale at distance from
their habitations ; (and, therefore, they forbade all) barter, trade or traf-
fique with any negro slave, or Indian slave, or servant, for any rnm,
brandy, wiue, or strong drink, or any other goods, wares, or commodi
ties, living or dead.
At the sessions in December, Benjamin Price, Henry
Lyon, and Benjamin Parkis were appointed on the Commis
sion to lay out and appoint " all necessary highways, bridges,
passages, landings, and ferries, for the County of Essex." As
the country was every where, at this early day, infested with
wolves, a bounty of 15s. was offered for every wolfs head.
Of the six assessors for the county of Essex, three, Benjamin
Price, Benjamin Parkis, and George Ross, were of this
town.f Rudyard's administration was brief. In July, 1683, Bar
clay appointed Gawen Lawrie, also one of the Proprietors,
his Deputy for East Jersey. Lawrie had been, for several
years, associated with Wm. Penn, in the Trusteeship of West
Jersey, but had not yet come to America. He was a London
merchant, and of the Society of Friends. He arrived, in
January, 1684, at the new town of Perth Amboy, bringing
with him his wife, Mary, his son, James, and his two daugh
ters, Mary and Rebecca. The latter became the wife of
Miles Forster, of Perth Amboy, and her sister, Mary, married
William Haige of this town. Isabel, the daughter of James,
married Wm. Davis of New York.:]:
It has been said, that Lawrie's appointment was occasioned
by a variance between Governor Rudyard and Surveyor
* Learning and Spicer, pp. 227-251. t lb., pp. 252-273.
t lb., pp. 108-170. Whitehead's E. J., pp. 99-100, 126, 7. Scot's Model, pp. 160-8.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 219
Groome, in relation to the proper course to be pursued in the
allotment of lands. But this variance did not occur until
after Lawrie's appointment. Groome was not suspended
from- his office until after July 24, 1683, at which time he
was serving as Surveyor ; and Lawrie was appointed Dep.
Governor not later than July 20. Groome's death occurred
here soon after, as his will was admitted to probate, March
1, 168f *
It has, also, been affirmed, that the Associates of this town,
"in the year .1675, or soon after, laid aside the pretension by
Indian purchase and Nicholls's grant ; and continued peace
able and quiet inhabitants until the death of Carteret, and
until the year 1699, except that in the year 1684, John Baker
and some others of the Associates, endeavour'd to impose
upon Governor Lowry, at his first Arrival in the country."
It would seem that Rudyard had to do with some " tumultu
ous spirits," who still adhered to their old claims. So, also,
it appears, from the first instructions given to Lawrie, who
was directed to examine and determine the character of "the
Patents and Grants of land given by Governor Nicholls
which several seems to stand upon."
The same thing appears from the Address of Barclay and
the other Proprietors, Feb. 29, 168|, to the Planters of the
Province, in which they say : —
We must be plain to acquaint you, that we were not a little troubled,
to find that there are too many dissatisfied and self-ended persons, among
you whose indirect designs did quickly appear in seeking to subvert our
just interest, that they might advance their own unwarrantable pretences,
who we hope are in some measure rebuked by the disappointment of their
vain expectations of the invalidity of our right and title to the govern
ment. We have seen and considered yor Addresses, made to some of Our Num
ber upon their Arrivall, and hope that in a great Measure yo1 Desires
therein are Answered, as to what Relates to the former Oppression yo°
have been under, either from yo' Neighbours, or those who have hereto
fore Govern'd yo". But we find yo" lay that Stress upon your Purchase
from the Indians w* it will never beare, for wee would have yo" informed
that thereby yo" have acquired noe Eight but what is duly Confirmed by
ns or Our Legal P'decessors. * E. J. Records, L 122-5.

220 THE HISTORY OF
Again, Nov. 13, 1684, they give Lawrie power,
To end all controversies and differences with the men of Neversinks,
and Elizabeth-Town, or any other planters or persons whatsoever, con
cerning any pretended titles, or claim to land in the said Province: And
we do hereby declare that we will not enter into any treaty on this
side, with any of those people who claims by Colonel Nicholls Patent,
nor with any others that challenge land by Patents from the late Gov
ernor Carteret, as being both an affront to the government there and of
evil consequence to make things to be put off by delays, and thereby hin
der the settlement of our affairs in the Province.*
It is perfectly evident, therefore, that the same claims
were put forth by the town in respect to their rights of
property, as in Carteret's time, and the same resistance was
made to these claims by their Quaker rulers. The old
planters never wavered in their conviction of the lawfulness
. and equity of their title, and never shrank from avowing and
maintaining it. A second generation were now coming
forward, in whom this conviction had " grown with their
growth and strengthed with their strength." If possible,
they were even more resolute than their fathers.
The General Assembly, at their sessions iu December,
1683, had passed a stringent militia law, and an act for the $
appointment of a Chief Ranger in every County, to look after
the estrays of the flocks and herds. Benjamin Parkis was,
thereupon, appointed Captain ; George Ross, Lieutenant ;
and John Woodruff, Ensign, of the E. Town Foot Company ;
James Emott was made Chief Ranger; and Isaac White
head, Sen', Coroner of Essex Co. In their commissions,
dated Dec. 3, 1683, they are all, with the exception of Emott,
styled, " Gent." This law relative to the militia troubled
the Quaker Proprietors not a little, especially "wherein
power is given to the military officers to take distress upon
defaulters ; which clause, (they say,) so far as it extends to
the people called Quakers, who for conscience sake cannot
bear arms, or contribute to the same, we do not confirm,
but that the same is void to all intents and purposes, so far
as it concerns them."f
* E. T. Bill, pp. 48, 4. Learning and Spicer, pp. 174, 188-190. E. J. Eeoords, 1. 140-60.
t Learning and Spicer, pp. 262, 277, 281. E. J. Eecords, C, 57, 8, 65, 6.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 221
The law against Sabbath-breaking, also, came into con
flict with their religious prejudices, and so they recommend
ed " a further consideration thereof, least it prove a burthen
to some tender consciences who may find it their duty not
only to testify against the Jewish superstitions, but also
against some others in that point." *
Governor Lawrie, on his arrival in January 168f, occupied
himself, for five weeks, in laying out the town lots of the
new city of Perth, at the mouth of the Raritan ; " then
came in a Boat, privately, to Elizabeth Town the 12th of
February ; the next morning went to New York to visit the
governour [Dongan] ; staid there two or three days, and
found him very kind." He then returned, about the 18th,
to E. Town, and found the people " kind and courteous."
On the 28th he published his commission before the Council
and took the oath of office. Rudyard gracefully retired to
the more humble station of Secretary of the Province ; but
soon after, Aug. 1684, became Attorney General of the Prov
ince of New York. Groome had died a few weeks pre
viously, Phillip Welles having, since Aug. 1683, occupied
his place as Dep. Surveyor. Wm. Haige, who with eight
servants had accompanied Lawrie to this country, had re
ceived the appointment, July 22, 1683, of Receiver General.
Lawrie also brought eight servants. Other servants, 22 in
number, with two overseers, were sent over by the Pro
prietors. Wm. Dockwra brought over 24 servants ; Stephen
and Thomas Warne, 11 ; and John Barclay, brother of the
Governor, 5 servants.f
These servants were Scotch laborers, of the poorer classes.
The most of them were under the necessity of leaving homer
because of the terrible persecutions, to which, as Presby
terians, they had been subjected at the hands of the cruel
Mackenzie and the bloody Claverhouse, minions of the
crown. A large number came over in 1684,—" the killing
time," as the Scotch called it. The most of these immi-
* Learning and Spicer, p. 199.
t Boot's Model, pp. 162, 8. E. J. Eecords, A. 154, 171 ; C 81 ; L. 9. S. Y. Col Docmts
III. 851, 2. ''

222 THE HISTORY OF
grants were employed in and about Perth Amboy. Some of
them found a home in E. Town — how many is not known.
They were diffused through the Province, and proved a
valuable acquisition, both as laborers, and as men of sterling
principle. Many of them became planters and most respect
able members of society.
No sooner had Lawrie assumed the reins of government,
than he wrote home a glowing account of the new country.
Under date of March 2, 168f, he wrote to the proprietors
from this town, as follows: —
Now is the time to send over people for settling Here. The Scots, and
William Dockwra's people coming now and settling, advance the Province
more than it hath been advanced these ten years. Here wants nothing
but people ; There is not a poor body in all the province, nor that wants ;
Here is abundance of provision, Pork and Beef, at 2d per pound. Fish
.and Fowl plenty, Oysters I think would serve all England; Sider good
and plenty, for Id per Quart. Good Venison, "plenty brought us in at
18d the quarter, Eggs at 3d per dozen, all things very plenty. Land very
good as ever I saw : Wines, Walnuts, Peaches, Strawberries, and many
other things plenty in the woods.
I have put two houses in repair upon the Eiver, called the Point 2
miles from Elizabethtown ; have let one of them, with 10 acres of Pasture
ground, and 10 acres of Woody ground, for 7 years at 26 lib per annum :
the man to cleare the ten acres of Woody ground and make it fit for
Ploughing or Pasture. I intend to let the other also with some land.
All the houses were like to drop down, all the land lying without fence,
and a barn qnite fallen down and destroyed ; another without any cover,
and that other next to the house where I dwell, all to pieces, and all the
fences and out houses were down, but repaired before I came.*
A few days later, March 26, he gives a friend at London a
more particular account of the country :
It is beyond what I expected. It is scituate in a good Aire, which makes
it healthy, and ther6 is great conveniency for travelling from place to
place throw the Province in Boats, from a small canoe to vessels of 30,
40, or 50 Tuns, and in some places 100.
The soil is generally black, and in some places a foot deep, beareth great
burthens of Corn, and Naturally bringetb forth English grass 2 years
ploughing : the ground is tender, and the ploughing is very easie, the
trees grow generally not thick, but some places 10, in some 15, in some 25
• Soot's Model, pp. 160-5.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 223
or 30 upon an Acre. This I find generally, but in some particular
places there are 100 upon an Acre, but that is very rare : The trees are
very tall and straight, the generall are Oak, Beech, Walnut: Chesnuts
and Acorns lie thick upon the ground for want of eating, Peaches, Yines,
Strawberries and many other sorts of Fruit grow commonly in the
Woods. There is likewayes Gum tree, Cedar, White Wood, like our Fir
tree ; Walnuts, Chesnuts and others lye thick upon the ground.
We have good brick earth, and stone for building at Amboy and else
where, the countrie Farme houses are built very cheap, a carpenter, with
a man's own servants, builds the house, they have all materials for nothing
except Nails; their Chimnies are of stones; they make their own Ploughs
and Carts for the most part, only the Iron work is very dear. The poorer
sort set up a house of two or three Eooms themselves after this manner.
The walls are of cloven Timber, about 8 or 10 inches broad, like planks
set on end to the ground, and the other nailed to the raising, which they
plaister within; they build a Barn after the same manner, and these cost
not above 5 lib a piece; and then to work they go, 2 or 3 men in one
year will clear 50 acres, in some places 60, and in some more. They sow.
Corn the first year, and afterwards maintain themselves ; and the encrease
of Corn, Cows, Horses, Hogs and Sheep comes to the Landlord. Several
Merchants of New York have left their several Plantations there, to come
to East Jersey ; 2 or 3 join together, bring 12, 15 or 20 servants and one
Overseer, which cost them nothing for the first year, except some shoes,
Stockings, and shirts ; I have been to see these Plantations ; and find they
make a great encrease by them, maintain their Families at New York with
all provisions, sell a great deal yearly, and for Servants our English peo
ple are far better Husbandmen than the New England men ; the Servants
work not so much by a third as they do in England, and I think feed
much better, for they have Beef, Pork, Bacon, Pudding, Milk, Butter
and good Beer ; and Cyder for drink. When they are out of their time,
they have land for themselves, and generally turn Farmers for themselves.
Servants wages are not under 2 shil. a day beside victuals. There is one
man since I came here sold his Plantation for £1500 lib. the whole was
1600 or 1800 acres, whereof only 120 acres were cleared, upon which he
had a house, Garden and Orchard, and Barn planted ; I know several men
who lett cleared Land at 6 shil 8 pennies to 10 shil. the acre yearlie rent,
which is a good encouragement for sending over servants to plant.
He urges the Proprietors to send over more people, which
would " encourage others to take up Land, and bring all the
division that hath been here to an end, for these men seejng
that they shall be ballanced are already more complyant than
they were." * * Scot's Model, pp. 166-171.

224 THE HISTORY OF
The confident calculations of Lawrie, in respect to the
people of this town, were far from being fulfilled. The land
about the town was in the possession of the old families and
held by the old Indian purchase. The new comers, in order
to obtain a freehold in the town, were under the necessity of
buying land thus held and transferred. They, too, therefore,
became interested in upholding these titles and defending
these claims.
Still another letter is extant, evidently from the pen of
Lawrie, but signed conjointly by David Barclay, (a brother
of the Governor,) and Arthur Forbes, (brother to a Scotch
Lord,) and himself, dated March 29, 1684. It repeats much
of what is said above, and adds other particulars :
Many of those who have settled here upwards of sixteen years, have
lived upon the product of the Land They cleared the first two years after
they came, (and cleai-ed none since), which produced not only Corn to
maintain their own Families, bnt to sell every year, and the increase of
their Bestial, whereof they have good store of several sorts, Cows, Oxen,
Horses, Sheep and Swine, yields them other provisions and to sell besides ;
yet there be some more Industrious among them who have continued
clearing and Improving Land, and these have got Estates, and would not
sell their Plantations for several hundred pounds.
They build not only of Wood, but also of Stone and Brick, yet most of
Countrey Houses ai'e built of Wood, only Trees split and set up an end on
the ground, and coverings to their Houses are mostly shingles made of Oak,
Ohesnut and Cedar wood, which makes a very neat Covering, yet there
are some houses covered after the Dutch manner with pantikles. The
Towns are all settled upon Eivers, where Vessels of 30 or 40 Tuns may
come up to their doors, and the out plantations generally upon some
Brooks or Rivulets which are as plenty here as in our own Countrey, and
curious clear water, and in many places are good spring wells; but in the
Towns eveiy man for the most part has a well digged by his own hand.
There be People of several sorts of Eeligion, but few very Zealous. The
People being mostly New England men, doe mostly incline to their way,
and in every Town there is a meeting house where they worship publiokly
every Week : They have no publick Law in the Countrey for maintaining
public Teachers, but the Towns that have them make way within them
selves to maintain them. We know none that hath a settled Preacher
that follows no other Imployment, save one Town Newark.
The richest Planters have not above 8 or 10 Servants ; they will have
some of them, 1 Dozen of Cows, yea some 20 or 30 ; 8 or 10 Oxen, horses
more than they know themselves, for they keep breading Mares, and keep

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 225
no more horses at home than they have occasion to work ; The -rest they
let run in the wood both Winter and Summer, and take them as they have
occasion to use them. Swine they have in great flocks in the wood, and
Sheep in flocks also, but they let them not run in the woods for fear of
being destroyed by wolves. Their profit arises from the Improvement of
their Land, and Increase of their Bestial.
Every house in the Town hath a Lott of 4 Acres lying to it : so that
every one building upon his own Lott makes the town Irregular and scat
tering. Their streets are laid out too large, and the Sheep in the Towns
are mostly maintained in them : They are so large that they need not
trouble to pave them.
There is no Ships belonging to this Province particularly, or built here,
save one which Samuel Groome built here the last summer, which stands
yet in the Stocks (a stop being put to it by his death). There is conveniency
enough to build ships. The Ships in this part trade mostly to the West
Indian Islands, and some to Newfound Land, where the Provisions of
this Countrey vends.
There are but few Indian Natives in this countrey. Their strength is
inconsiderable, they live in the Woods, and have small towns in some
places far up in the Countrey. They plant a little Indian Corn, shoot
Deer, and other wild Beasts and Fowls for their food.*
These letters are invaluable for their details of the early
state of the town and neighboring country, and of the man
ners and customs of that period, particularly in the matter of
livelihood. They are preserved in a work published at
Edinburgh, in 1685, entitled, "The Model of the Govern
ment of the Province of East-New-Jersey in America ; "
written by George Scot, of Pitlochie ; who, having suffered
greatly for his religion, embarked, with his wife, two chil
dren, and a large company of emigrants, at Leith, Sept. 5,,
1685, for America ; but both he and his family died on the
passage.f From other letters contained in the same volume, several
other particulars, illustrative of the state of the town and
neighborhood may be learned. Peter Watson, one of David
Barclay's servants, but withal an intelligent man, writes
Aug. 20, 1684,—
There are here very good Religious People, they go under the name of
* Scot's Model, pp. 178-183.
+ Whitoe„hC^'8P-Amb05r,PP-24"31- ^PtinM <» «>° Appendix to Whitehead's E Jer
.ey, pp. 239-333. A copy of the original is in the Library of the S. J. His. Soe, at Newark ',
15

226 THE HISTORY OF
Independants but are most like to the Presbyterians, only they will not
receive every one to their Society ; we have great need of good and
Faithful Ministers ; we have none within all the Province of East-Jersey,
except one who is Preacher in Newark ; there were one or two Preach
ers more in the Province, but they are dead, and now the people they
meet together every Sabbath day and Eead and Pray, and sing Psalms
in their Meeting houses. This Countrey is very well settled with People,
most part of the first Settlers came out of New England, very kind and
loving people, kinder than in Scotland or England ; And for the Indian
Natives, they are not troublesome any way to any of us, if we do'them
no harm, but are a very kind and loving people ; the men do nothing but
hunt, and the women they plant corn, and work at home ; they come
and trade among the Christians with skins or Venison, or Corn, or Pork.
And in the summer time, they and their Wives come down the Rivers in
their Canoes, which they make themselves of a great tree, like a little
Boat, and there they Fish and take Oysters.
Charles Gordon, writing from Amboy, March 5, 168-f,
says, The highest designe of the old Buckskin Planters is to acquire a piece
of monie to drink in the change house. I am just now drinking to one
one of them, our Countreyman, who was sent away by Cromwell to New
England ; a slave from Dunbar, Living now in Woodbridge Like a Scots
Laird, wishes his Countreymen and Native Soyle very well, though he
never intends to see it.
David Mudie wrof,e, March 9, 16 8£, —
This Winter hath been exceeding bard and sharpe, the like not seen by
those who have lived 20 or 30 years in it.
Robert Fullerton, one of the Proprietors, Jan. 7, 16S|-,
says —
As to the number and nature of these Quit-renters, they are about 2
or 300 Families, some civill and Discreet, others rude and Malcontent
with the late Purchassers, and need something of austerity to make them
complaisant. We have at present sharp frosts, and a good deall of Snow,
three dayes of vitrifying frosts this winter, had not its match for cold
these 16 years by gone, as the Inhabitants do inform us.
Charles Gordon, March 7, 168£, also says, —
This hath been the hardest Winter that was almost since ever there
were English here ; The sound betwixt Jersey and Staten Island was
f3'ozen in January that carts and hoi'ses went upon it; betwixt Ma3-tenmas
and Christmas flying showers of snow with clear moderate frosts; in

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 227
January deep snow and most bitter frosts which ever I found ; about the
20 of January, the snow went off. insensibly, and about 3 weeks in Feb
ruary it was almost like Summer in Scotland ; the end of February and
beginning of March for the most part rain and wind.
James Johnstone, March 9, 168-f-, says, —
Quakers are not numerous : Wolves are so far from troubling men, that
if a man should lay a Glove upon a Carcass or their prey, they will yell, but
not come nigh it. You cannot come nigh a rattle-Snake, but they will
rattle with their taile, whereby a man is advertised either to kill them or
go by them ; they frequently charm the Squirrels, or other little Beasts
off the tops of the Trees unto their mouth, and that without touching
them with their teeth ; which if they did, they would poison themselves.
There is a Flee by the Salt Marshes most troublesome in Summei-, but is
not in the np-lands.*
The publication of these letters, together with a detailed
statement of the capacities and prospects of East-Jersey, was
not without effect. " A great many inhabitants of Scotland
emigrated to East Jersey, and enriched American society
with a valuable accession of virtue refined by adversity, and
of piety invigorated by persecution." " Is it strange," says
Bancroft, after a recital of their cruel wrongs, " that many
Scottish Presbyterians of virtue, education, and 'courage,
blending a love of popular liberty with religious enthusiasm,
came to East New Jersey in such numbers as to give to the
rising commonwealth a character which a century and a
half has not effaced ? " A portion of this increase found their
way into this town, especially into the interior section. The
settlement known as " Scotch Plains," then included in the
territory of this town, derived its name from these settlers. f
It had been recommended, by the Proprietors, to Lawrie,
" to use all means of gentleness and tenderness with the peo
ple," "not standing much with them upon small matters."
So far as can be gathered from existing documents, the Gov
ernor fully complied with the recommendation. He seems
to have cultivated a good understanding with his fellow-
townsmen, and was so well pleased with his residence here,
that, notwithstanding the desire expressed by the Proprietors
* Scot's Model, pp. 199-200, 224-5, 233, 248, 253, 262-8.
t Grahame's U. States, I. 484. Bancroft's U. States, II. 414.

228 THE HISTORY OF
that he should make the new town of Peith his capital,
he continued to reside here until his death, respected and
honored of all.*
It is even affirmed of him, that, so far from troubling the
settlers about their Indian title, on his coming into the coun
try, " he asked old Isaac Whitehead and Capt. John Baker
(divers others of the principal men of Eliz. Town being
present), how they held their Lands ; who answered him by
Nicholl's Grant and an Indian Purchase ; " and that then he
asked them to shew him the Bounds of their Lands so pur
chased and granted, "saying he had &, Mind to make a Pur
chase of some Lands lying Westward of their Purchase." It
is further said, that Stephen Osborn was sent by the town
to call the Indian Sagamores together to mark out the bounds,
with whom Lawrie and others had a conference at the house
of Capt. John Baker ; also, that a few days afterwards, Rich
ard Clarke, Jr., Capt. John Baker, Jonas Wood, Stephen
Osborn, Joseph Meeker, and Joseph Wilson, with two lads,
Richard Baker and John Cromwell (who went to see the
woods), set out with the Indian Wewanapo (cousin of one of
the Sagajnores that sold the land originally), to mark the
western bounds of the town.
Instructed by the old Indian Chief, they went, "on or
about the 16th day of July, 1684, to a Plain back of Piscata
way, to a marked tree with some stones about it and a stake
by the tree," and thence " forward towards the Green River,
near where it comes out of the mountain, and lodged by the
river-side that night ; and the next day they made a circle or
compass along the foot of the mountain, by the directions of
the Indian, till they came to the Minisink Path, and then
came down to Eliz. Town." It was affirmed, however, that
it was confessed by the Indian chief, that this compass in
cluded only a part of the town lands.
In this conference, it is said, that " Capt. Baker was the
Dutch interpreter, and an Indian interpreted the Indian lan
guage into Dutch to said Capt. Baker, who again interpreted
into English." It is also said, that an Indian who had been
• Learning and Spicer, pp. 171, 4.

. ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 229
at sea, and knew the use of the compass, was of the explor
ing party.
This transaction, however, became the source of a serious
litigation. Baker was charged with having prevailed on
the Indians to include a much larger tract within the
bounds than the town had originally purchased ; and so
with having contravened the Act of Feb. 168-f , forbidding
private purchases- from the Indians; on which charge he
was indicted, Aug. 12, 1684, and, on the 28th, was tried,
found guilty, fined £10, and bound to good behaviour for
a year. Lawrie is also said to have bought, Oct. 30, 1684, of the
Indians Seweckroneck, Mindowaskein, Canundus and We-
wonapee, a large tract about Green Brook and the Blue Hills,
supposed to be to the West of the E. Town Purchase ; on
which several of the most considerable Scotch immigrants
presently were located with their imported Presbyterian
servants of humbler condition. This purchase served greatly
to complicate, in after days, the question of land titles ; a
portion of the territory thus acquired, if not the whole of it,
lying within what were subsequently claimed as the bounds
of the original purchase of 1664, and therefore distributed by
allotment to the Associates, their heirs, or assigns.*
Lawrie, before leaving London, had been instructed " to
take possession of the house belonging to the Proprietors,
with the orchards and grounds belonging thereto ; " an order
being at the same time sent to Thomas Rudyard to put Law
rie " in possession thereof; and we desire thee," said the In
structions, " to clear all the frivolous pretences of Widow
Cartright thereto." What was the issue of this demand does
not fully appear. Her marriage to Col. Townley occurred
shortly after, f
On the enlargement of the Council, Nov. 26, 1684, Henry
Lyon was associated with Benjamin Price, as a proper repre
sentative of this town. On the 28th, John Woodruff, Senr,
was appointed High Sheriff of Essex Co. %
In the course of the winter, or spring, following, Lawrie
* E. T. Bill, pp. 54-7, 113-6. t Learning and Spicer, p. 171. X E. J. Eecords, C 86, 7.

230 THE HISTORY OF ,
received instructions, from the Proprietors, dated Nov. 13,
1684, requiring that the new town of Perth Amboy be hence
forth regarded as the capital of the Province ; that the Court
of Common Right, if possible, be always held there; "and
that all other necessary Courts, as also the Assembly (when
called) do sit there ; and particularly the Deputy Governor,
for the time being, do inhabit there, and convene, his Council
in the said town of Perth." *
Notwithstanding this order, Lawrie continued to reside in
this town during his continuance in office and until his death.
So that no Assembly having been convened during 1684 and
5, this town remained the virtual capital almost to the close
of his administration.
In May, 1685, tidings were received of the death, Feb. 6,
168|-, of Charles II. , and of the peaceful accession of the
Duke of York, James IL, to the throne. The news created
a profound sensation here, as well as elsewhere throughout
the Colonies. James was an avowed Papist. The Puritan
population hated Popery with perfect hatred, and dreaded
greatly the influence of a Papal Sovereign, especially, one so
unscrupulous as James ; — " a libertine without love, a devotee
without spirituality, an advocate of toleration without a sense
of the natural right to freedom of conscience, — in him the
muscular force prevailed over the intellectual ; "-.so that " he
floated between the sensuality of indulgence and the sensual
ity of superstition." f
Dongan, the Governor of New York, a Papist also, had
kept up the agitation, begun by Andros, respecting the union
of the two Colonies under one head, — a project that now was
likely to be effectively prosecuted. This state of alarm con
tinued to the end of Lawrie's rule, and tended to promote
peace between him and the people.
A difficulty sprang up about this time between this town
and Newark, as appears from a vote of the latter town, March
9, 168f , when certain persons were " chosen as a Committee
to treat with Elizabeth Town about the Bounds, and to issue
* Learning and Spicer, p. 199. t Bancroft's U. States, II. 408.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 231
it with them if they can;" — a vote, renewed, April 5th,
1686, and Jan. 24, 168f *
A General Assembly being needed, it was called, obedient
to instructions, to meet at " Arnboy Perth," Ap. 6, 16S6 ;
and from this time Amboy became the seat of government
for the Province. The Court of Common Right, the Supreme
Court of the Province, was ordered, by Act of Assembly, to
be held semi-annually at Amboy, on the pretence that it was
" more conveniently situated, and near the centre of the
Province, and the most encouraging place for trade and
traffick by sea and land, which will occasion great concourse
of people : " an expectation yet remaining to be fulfilled. f
The Quaker Rule had now continued about four years.
long enough to give it a fair trial. The Proprietors had been
at great expense in sending over colonists and all manner of
necessary material for the planting of towns and the culti
vation of the soil, but had been greatly disappointed in the
results. The Indian titles had not been surrendered, the
rents came in slowly, and the prospect of regular dividends
was quite unpromising. It was intimated that Lawrie, as
well as Rudyard, was more intent on securing the best lands
for himself, than on promoting the interests of the Proprie
tors. A change is agreed upon. A new Deputy must be
appointed-»-not, however, a Quaker. A large proportion of
the present Proprietors are Presbyterians — and these had
sent over a considerable number of Colonists of like faith.
The old Puritan settlers would greatly prefer a Presbyterian
to an Episcopalian like Carteret, or a Quaker, as Lawrie was
— as Rudyard had been. Lord Neill Campbell receives the
appointment.^: * Newark Town Eecords, pp. 97, 9, 100. t Learning and Spicer, pp. 288, 293.
3 Learning and Spicer, pp. 211, 2.

232 THB HISTORY OF

CHAPTER XII.
A. D. 1686—1702.
Lord Campbell, Dep. Gov. — And. Hamilton, Dep. Gov. — French War — Rates —
Annexation to New York and New England, under Gov. Andros — Revolu
tion of 1688 — Political Agitations — Leisler in power at N.Y. — Jacobite
Party at E. T. — Interregnum — Death of Rob. Barclay — Col. Hamilton,
Gov. — Legislature — Appointments — Bounds of the Town — Lawsuit of
Fullerton vs. Jones — Nicolls' Grant sustained — Notice of Wm. Nicoll,
Esq. — Associates in 1695, and 1699 — Administration of Basse, Bowne and
Hamilton — Tumults at Newark and E. T. — New Allotment of Lands —
List of Surveys — Notices of New Settlers — End of- the Proprietary Gov
ernment.
The history of the town has thus far been, to a considerable
extent, identified with the history of the province. As the
place of the Governor's residence, and of the meetings of the
General Assembly, it exerted a powerful influence over pub
lic affairs. Gradually, however, as it ceased to be the pro
vincial metropolis, and the patronage of the Proprietary gov
ernment was withdrawn, and expended on their favorite
project, the establishment of a great commercial mart at the
mouth of the Raritan, it lost, in part, its paramount influ
ence, and its prominence in the provincial history. Some years,
however, elapsed before Amboy became a desirable place of
residence, and the comfortable government-house in this
town, erected by Carteret, held out superior attractions, and
was at least occasionally occupied by the representatives of
the Proprietors.
Lord Neill Campbell was the brother of that " excellent
and truly great and good man," Archibald Campbell, Earl of
Argyle, who, in defence of the Church of Scotland, and in
dread of the restoration of Popery by the cruel and intolerant

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 233
James n., had adhered to the Duke of Monmouth, taken up
arms against the government, and, having been taken
prisoner, was beheaded, June 30, 1685, at the Market-cross
of Edinburgh. "So high did the tide run at this time against
this noble and excellent family, that the Earl's brother, that
excellent person, Lord Neill Campbell, could have no liberty
to live at his own house, but was forced to go in the hazard
of his life to America, and leave his lady and family behind
him." His son, Archibald, however, who had been, Aug. 1,
1685, condemned to death for treason — which sentence was
commuted,Aug.l8th, to banishment, — accompanied his father,
and a large company of servants, to this Province, of which
he became an influential resident.
Lord Neill, like his noble brother, was " heartily averse from
prelacy and popery," and thoroughly a Presbyterian in his
principles. He found a refuge and hearty welcome here,
among his countrymen and fellow Proprietors. He arrived
in the autumn of 1686, and, for a season, at least, became a
resident of this town, and, probably, a guest of Gov. Lawrie.
His commission, as Deputy Governor, was received about the
1st of Oct.,' 1686, and published on the 5th, at which time he
took the oath of office. The town was represented in the
Council, appointed on the 18th, by Gov. Lawrie, and Richard
Townley. The latter had come over in 1683, with Francis
Howard, Lord Effingham, Governor of Yirginia, whence, in
1684, he found his way to this Province, and became a resi
dent, and soon, by his marriage with Mrs. Carteret, and other
wise, an influential citizen of this town, where his posterity
still continue to reside. Mr. Townley was made Captain of
the Train bands of this town, Dec. 10, 1686.*
James IL, having tried to the fullest extent the policy of
persecution, was now gravitating towards toleration, in order
to the restoration of Popery. Lord Neill must have become
aware of it, many months before the Declaration of Indulg
ence, Ap. 4, 1687. He had not sought the post to which he
had been appointed, and so relinquished it as soon as it was
* Woodrow's Chh. of Scotland, IV. 48, 811, 820. Whitehead's E J., p. 117, and Amboy,
pp. 21-3. E. J. Eecords, C, 115.

234 THE HISTORY OF
possible for him in safety to rejoin his loved ones at home.
Capt. Andrew Hamilton, of Amboy, who had come over in
the autumn of 1684 (having previously been a merchant in
Edinburgh), and had been one of Lord Neill's Council, was
left in charge of the government, in March, 1687, and Gov.
Campbell returned from exile to his home and estates in
Scotland.* The invasion of the country of the Five Nations by the
French from Canada, about this time, was filling the land with
alarm. It gave occasion to a call of the General Assembly,
to meet May 14, 1688, at Amboy, and for an assessment of a
penny on the pound, for the service of his Majesty against
the French ; to be paid in Wheat, at 4s. and Indian Com, 2s.
a bushel ; Butter, 6d. ; Pork, 2Jd. ; Beef, 2d., and Tobacco, 2£d.
a pound ; Land to be rated at £10. a hundred acres ; Oxen of
4 year old or more, £4 ; Cows of 3 years old or more, £3 ;
Cattle of 3 years old £3, of two years old, £2, and yearlings,
£1 ; Horses, of 3 years old or more, £3, two years old, £2,
of one year, £1 ; and swine of one year old or more, 10s. a
head. Benjamin Price, who, after the decease of John Og
den, seems to have been the leading man of the town, was
appointed Assessor for this place.f
Dongan, the Governor of New York, in almost every dis
patch to the authorities at home, was insisting on the neces
sity of including the Jerseys under the jurisdiction of New
York : " There is an absolute necessity," he said, Feb. 22,
1687, " those Provinces and that of Connecticutt bee annexed."
The Mayor and Council of New York, also, in an Address to
the King, March 2, 1687, insisted on " the absolute necessity
there is that those adjacent parts of Connecticut, East and
West Jersey, Pensilvania, should be united to the Province
of New York." James required no urging. He was de
termined to reduce his American Provinces to his sovereign
will, and to consolidate them under' one rule. Sir Edmund
Andros had already been commissioned, and sent over, as
Capt. General of all New England, and was eagerly prose
cuting the work of subverting the liberties of the elder com-
* Whitehead's E. J., pp. 113, 9, 120. t Learning and Spicer, pp. 808-7.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 235
monwealths in the land of the Puritans— filling those orderly
communities with apprehension and terror.
At length, the decree went forth, Ap. 7, 1688, and the
two Jerseys and New York were united with New England,
under the rule of Andros, to be governed by the same royal
pleasure, that for three years had been grinding the liberties
of Britain to powder, the whole to be henceforth known as
"New England." Writing from N. York, Oct. 4, 1688,
Andros says, " I arrived here the eleventh of August past,
when His Majesties Letters Pattents being published, received
this place, as alsoe East New Jersey the fifteenth, and West
New Jersey the eighteenth following." "I have since settled
all officers Civill and Military ; — to their great satisfaction,"
says Capt. Francis Nicholson, whom he had appointed
Lieut. Governor. The E. Jersey Proprietors in Great
Britain had been compelled, immediately after the decree
of consolidation, in April, 1688, to surrender their right of
jurisdiction.* Secretary Randolph writes from New York, Oct. 8, 1688,
(after giving an account of the transactions there), as follows :
From thence His Excellence with severall of the Councill set forward
for East Jarsey and arriving at Elizabeth Town belonging to that Provinoe,
on Wednesday following [15th] His Ma'ies Commission was ther published
and also the proclamation for continuing the revennue and civill and mili
tary officers till further order. . They all shewed their great satisfaction
iii being under His Matle" immediate Gov*.
It appears, therefore, that this town was still regarded as
the capital of the Province. The " satisfaction," to which
both Nicholson and Randolph allude, so different from what
was witnessed at Boston, Hartford, and elsewhere, and from
the manifestations here in 1680, when Andros arrested Car
teret, and usurped the government of the town, may have
been entirely superficial, and limited to the few recent comers,
who gloried in the measures of James II. But it is quite
probable, that it was a real and general satisfaction, to be rid,
at length, of the Proprietary government, of which they had
had such an unhappy experience ; hoping, as they did, that
* N. T. Col. Docmts., III. 392, 425, 536-19, 53, 4. Grahame's V. States, I. 256-64.

236 THE HISTORY OF
their rights would be much better maintained " under his
Matie3 immediate Gov*." *
Col. Hamilton, as well as the other officers, was retained
in power as the deputy of Andros, administering the gov
ernment as before, but without respect to the instructions of
Barclay or the Council of Proprietors. Personally he seems
not to have been objectionable to the people, but quite other
wise. He was intelligent, judicious, resolute, and courteous,
possessing qualities both of mind and heart that had secured
for him the confidence of all classes.
Early in the following year, Feb. 168-f, information was
received of the landing of William, the Prince of Orange, on
the British Coast ; and, in rapid succession, of the fl'ght and
dethronement of James, the triumphant progress of William,
and the grant of the crown to him and the Lady Mary, his
wife. The agitation here, as well as everywhere in the Colo
nies, was intense and profound. Andros, it was soon learned,
had been degraded and imprisoned by the outraged Puritans
of Massachusetts Bay. Capt. Leisler, backed by the rougher
elements of the populace, had seized the fort, and ousted the
authorities, at New York. So closely was this town, even then,
connected, socially and commercially with the neighboring
city, that these events deeply affected the peace of the com
munity. Some few openly sided with Leisler. Of the' Com
mittee of Safety, to whom, June 28, 1689, was intrusted the
sole jurisdiction of the Province of N. York, two were of the
County of Essex, N. J. The utmost efforts were put forth,
by the faction in power, to obtain the support of the towns in
E. Jersey — to overthrow the old governments, and set up
their own, but without success ; the people here resolving to
maintain the existing government, until they received orders
from the new authorities at home. A messenger was sent,
by the Leisler party, to proclaim William and Mary at Am
boy, who was drowned on his return at Staten Island, and
was buried at N. York, in great state. Col. Hamilton, whose
wife was extremely sick of a fever, was prevented from
taking ber to N. York, for fear of violence to his person, be
* N. T. Col. Doomts., III. 667.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 237
cause he had arrested some of Leisler's agents. Armed men
were sent hither, from N. York, to hunt for so-called popish
refugees. For many months the town was thus kept in a
state of much disturbance and anxiety.*
Some of the inhabitants adhered tenaciously to the fallen
dynasty, and resisted all innovation. Many, also, of the same
party fled hither from New York, where their lives were no
longer safe. They were mostly men of high social standing,
and great personal influence. A Jacobite party was thus
formed in the town, which served, of course, greatly to in
crease the ferment. The Quakers, in sympathy with William
Penn (between whom and James II. a peculiar intimacy had
grown up), were classed with this party. Leisler and his
Council, writing, Jan. 7, 1689-90, to Burnet, the Bishop of
Salisbury, use this language : —
Many resort to our Neighbours of East Jersey and Pensilvania being
many Quakers in these parts, who (: without abusiDg them :) encourage
if not outdo the Roman Catholiques and most of our Calamities and divi
sions are truly indebted to them, covering their pernicious practices by
their blind scruples, and impudent interpretations, depending still upon
and asserting Mr. Pen to be a person of undoubted sincerity : in the mean
time they advance the Interest of K. James and say that all commissions
are good to this day Colonel Townly with others committing riot upon
our Justices bordering next to them, owning none save King James,
openly drinking his health ettc which we hope in due time to subdue.
Most of the suspected are fled into the next colony amongst the Quakers.
Leisler writes again, Mar. 31, 1690, to the Bishop, as fol
lows : —
The raging spirit of malice obstructs us much in the neighboring Colony
of East Jersey, whither our Chief adversarys fly for sanctuary and are
embraced — Coll : Townly one Mr Emott an Attorney and some more of
their principall members asserting that the- Throne of England is not
vacant, for that whilst King James was in France he remained in his owne
dominions being annexed to the Crowne, with many other wicked, petu
lant and rebellious Notions and Assertions.
Mayor Van Cortlandt, writing, May 19, 1690, to Sir Ed
mund Andros, says : —
Coll : Hamilton, Townly, Captn Bourne, Pinhorne and others off New
* N. T. Col. Docmts., III. 597, 609, 13, 17, 48, 8, 60.

238 THE HISTORY OF
Jarsay Gentlemen, dare not come in town ; Gov' Dongan was confined in
his house att Hemstede, but is gone to New Yersay. Mr. Plowman
[Collector of N. York, and a papist] had about sixty barrels of porke and
beefe in Elizabeth towne for which Capt" Leisler sent about 100 men and
tooke it by force.*
Among the depositions respecting the Riots, sworn before
"Peter D. Lanoy" [Delaney], Mayor, Feb. 27,16$}-, was
one by Thomas Masters, bricklayer, aged about 50 years,
who declared, —
That he was in East Jersey at the house of James Emott coming from
New York was saluted by his wife and asked him from whence he came :
whereupon the said Emott replyed, he came from New Yorke, had been
on board the ship the Beaver, and had taken before Father Smith the
oath of Allegiance to be true to the King; his wife asked what King;
he the said Emott answered King James, wch the Depon' declared was
past in March last.t
Gov. Hamilton left the country for England, late in May,
1690. He presided over the Council of Proprietors at Am
boy, May 20th, and signed a warrant for a survey, May 22.
" I understand," says Cortlandt, May 19, 1690, " Coll : Hamil
ton intends to goe for England." It would seem that he left
Ho substitute ; and no other dignitary ventured to assume the
direction of provincial affairs. An interregnum, consequently
ensued, during which the people of the respective towns were
left to manage their own affairs by their local officers. In a
memorial of a subsequent date, complaint is made to the
king, by those holdiug under the Nicolls' Grants, that " from
the latter end of June, 1689, till about the latter end of Au
gust, 1692," they were left " without any government." This
would indicate that, from the transpiring of the accession of
William and Mary to the throne, Col. Hamilton had ceased
to be regarded, except by the Jacobite party, as the Governor
of the Province. He was really nothing more than Presi
dent of the Proprietary Board, his authority as Deputy Gov
ernor having lapsed with the fall of Andros and his royal
master 4
* N. V. Col. Docmts., III. 666, 7, 701, 16, 17. t N. T. Col. Docmts., III. 747.
X E. J. Eecords, O., 84-40. N. Y. Col. Doomts,, III. 713. Smith's History of N. Jersey,
p. 558. E. T. Bill, p. 124. Bancroft's U. States, III. 47.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 239
Robert Barclay, for the last eight years of his life the
nominal Governor, of East Jersey, died, October 3, 1690.
Hamilton, having fallen into the hands of the French, (with
whom the English were then at war), and been detained a
captive, had now arrived out, and laid before his fellow-Pro
prietors abroad the state of affairs in East Jersey. Taking
advantage of the anarchy abroad and the confusion at home,
they determined to re-assume the jurisdiction, wrested from
them, and yielded by nominal cession, in April, 1688; and,
therefore, proceeded to elect a governor in Barclay's place.
They chose John Tatham [Tatem], a West Jerseyman, who,
about the same time, was appointed by Gov. Coxe, of West
Jersey, his deputy ; but, " being a Jacobite, and as such by
principle disqualified, him the Assembly rejected." For the
same reason, doubtless, the people of East Jersey "scrupled
to obey " him. They then requested Col. Joseph Dudley to
take the place.*
He had been sent a prisoner to England in February, 1690,
and returned to N. York, at the close of the year, having
previously received a provisional appointment mentioned
by Gov. Sloughter of N. York. It is possible, that Slough-
ter took some oversight of the Province of East Jersey,
• inasmuch as among the " persons of approved Loyalty and
Integrity," whom he recommended, March 27, 1691, as mem
bers of his Council, was Richard Townley of this place, an
adherent, as has been seen, of the Stuart dynasty. Sloughter
died, July 23, 1691.+
At length, the governorship was given, March 25, 1692, to
Col. Hamilton, then at London, who arrived with Gov.
Fletcher, of N. York, August 30, and was peaceably received
by the people. They acquiesced in his government, by send
ing deputies to an Assembly that convened, by warrant from
Hamilton, at Amboy, Sept. 28, 1692, to take measures to aid
the Province of New York against invasion by the French.:]:
* Whitehead's E. J., pp. 120, 130. Smith's N. J., pp. 291, 2. E. T. Bill, p. 124. H". T. Col.
Docmts., III. 761.
t Moore's Governors of N. Plym. and Mass. Bay, pp. 890^402. N. T. Col. Docmts., III.
364, 548, 768. Whitehead's E. J., p. 181. Smith's N. York, 1. 105.
X Whitehead's E. J., pp. 133, 4. N. T. Col. Docmts., III. 838-40, 7. Learning and Spicer
312.

240 THE HISTORY OF
Isaac Whitehead, of this town, was appointed, Sept. 16,
1692, High Sheriff of the County of Essex ; Isaac Whitehead
and Benjamin Price, Jr., Oct. 10, Justices of the Peace for
E. Town ; Henry Norris and John Lyon, Nov. 2, Deputies
to the Assembly ; Georgj Jewell, Dec. 3, County Clerk ;
Isaac Whitehead, Benjamin Price, Jr., and John Lyon, Jr.,
Jan. 29, Judges of Small Causes ; and, Feb. 21, Isaac White
head, Lieutenant, and Daniel Price, Ensign, of the E. Town
Company of Foot. Isaac Whitehead, who seems to have
been in high favor with Hamilton, was, also, appointed, Ap.
1, 1693, Coroner for Essex Co. ; and, Nov. 4, 1693, Captain
of the Foot Company, Daniel Price being appointed, at the
same time, Lieutenant, and John Lyon, Ensign. Richard
Townley, also, had been appointed, March 7, 169J, a mem
ber of Gov. Fletcher's Council, of the Province of New
York. Mrs. Townley had a large estate on Long Island.*
At the meeting of the Assembly, in October, 1693, an Act
was passed defining the bounds of the respective townships
of the Province, in which, for the first time, the territory of
this town is described by legislative authority :
The Township of Elizabeth-Town, shall include all the Land from the
mouth of Raway River West to Woodbridge-Stake, and from thence
Westei'ly along the Line of the County to the Partition Line of the Prov
ince, and from tbe mouth of the said Raway River, up the Sound to the
mouth of the Bound-Creek, and from thence to the Bound-Hill, from
thence North-west to the Partition Line of the Province.!
The territory thus defined embraced the' whole of the
present Union County, and considerable portions of Somerset,
Hunterdon, Morris, Warren and Sussex Counties, including
Morristown, Stanhope, Schooley's Mountain, and Newton, —
according to Keith's Partition Line, then understood to be
the true dividing line between East and West Jersey. The
township was thus extended beyond the western bounds of
the Indian Purchase, which at no point was more than 34
miles from Newark Bay, or double the distance from the
mouth of the Raritan to the mouth of the Passaic rivers.J
* E. J. Eecords, C. 151-207. K. T.; Col. t Learning and Spicer, p. 329.
Docmts., III., 818. J Gordon's N. J. 71-5.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 241
John Harriman [Rev.J aud Jonas Wood were appointed,
Nov. 3, 1693, Deputies, and again in 1694. Benjamin Og
den received, Oct. 10, 1694, the appointment of Sheriff;
Ephraim Price, Jan. 15, 169£, Ensign ; and John Woodruff,
Jan. 29, Judge of Small Causes.*
A period of great suspense and anxiety commenced soon
after the return of Gov. Hamilton. During the long con
troversy respecting the land titles of the town, no regular
judicial investigation of the points at issue had been under
taken — no decision reached. But now that the Proprietors
have resumed their jurisdiction, and seem to be quietly seat
ed in the government of the Province, they determine to
bring the matter into the courts ; confident that, as the
courts are mostly under their control, judges and juries both,
the case will be decided in their favor, and the planters be
compelled to pay the arrearages of Quit Rents from 1670, or
be dispossessed of their plantations with all the improve
ments put upon them. The Fullerton brothers, Thomas,
Robert and James, came to the Province in 1684, and settled
on Cedar Brook, on the plot, bought by Gov. Lawrie of the
Indians, but previously claimed by the E. Town people un
der the Nicolls Gra::t. Jeffry Jones, one of the E. T. Asso
ciates, had, by conveyance from Lawrie, come into possession
of land there, on which James Fullerton (schoolmaster at
Woodbridge, in 1689) had settled ; " upon which the said
Jeoffrey Jones did enter and oust him." This was in 1693.
Fullerton, in Sept. of that year, brought an action of trespass
and ejectment against Jones, and issue was joined. The
case came to trial in the Court of Common Pleas at Perth
Amboy, in May 1695. The whole merits of the case were
brought out before the Judges and Jury, on both sides. The
events were then recent ; the documentary evidence was
ample, and well preserved ; the first E. Town Book was in
the hands of Samuel Whitehead, the Town Clerk, and was
perfectly accessible. So that the facts were fully before the
Court, or within their reach.
A special verdict was agreed upon, but the jury gave a
• E. J. Eecords, C. 212, 225, 231.
16

242 THE HISTORY OF
general verdict for Jones. The Court, however, pronounced
judgment, May 14, on the special verdict against Jones;
who thereupon appealed the case to the King in Council.
In the Court at Kensington, both parties again were fully
heard, Wm. Nicoll, Esq., being Attorney for Jones. The
Committee of the Privy Council, Lord Chief Justice Holt,
Sir Philip Williamson, and Sir Henry Goodrich, offered their
Opinion to his Majesty in Council, that the judgment be re
versed ; and bis Majesty in Council, February 25, 169-|, re
versed and repealed the said judgment, and, also, declared
all issues thereupon null and void. Nicoll afterwards de
clared on oath, that, in the Council,
The sole dispute was, Whether Col. Richard Nicholls, as Governor un
der the King of England, in those parts, might not grant Licence to any
of the Subjects of England, to purchase Lands from the native Pagans?
and if, upon such Licence and Purchase, the English Subjects should gain
a Property in the Lands so bought ? all which was resolved in the Af
firmative, and the Judgment given to the Contrary, accordingly reversed.*
William Nicoll, Jones' Attorney, was a lawyer of great
prominence at New York, the son of Matthias, first Secretary
under Gov. Nicolls. In 1687, he received the appointment
of Attorney General of N. York. He opposed Leisler in
1689, and was severely treated as a Jacobite. He was a
member of the Council under Govs. Sloughter and Fletcher,
whose policy be sustained. Early in November, 1695, he
was appointed an Agent of the Province to proceed to Eng
land, to present an Address and a Memorial to the King.
On the voyage, he was captured, in January 169-v, near the
Scilly Islands, and kept a prisoner at Brest, in France, till
the month of April. Jones, it seems, took advantage of this
mission, to employ him to manage the appeal before the
King in Council. As Nicoll was shortly after admitted an
Associate of E. Town, with a third-lot right, and as he never
became a resident, but retained his domicile, first in Queens,
and then in Suffolk, Counties on Long Island, it is thought
that this third-lot right was given him by the town for his
services, and the Associates made common cause with Jones
* E. T. Bill, pp. 120, 2, Ans. to do., pp. 30, 1. Loaming and Spicer, p. 690.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 243
in the defence of his title, involving, as it did, the title of
every one of thern to their purchased possessions.*
These judicial proceedings served to kindle anew the old
animosity between the town and the Proprietors, and neces
sitated a more complete organization of the planters. A large
proportion of the original settlers had either died or left the
town. A new generation had taken their place, heirs or
assigns of the old pioneers, and fully prepared to maintain
their inherited rights. It was determined to make from
these a considerable addition to the number of the Asso
ciates. Of this transaction, the only extant record is found
in the Town Book, under date of June 7, 1735, in the hand
writing of Caleb Jefferys, Town Clerk, at that time, as
follows : —
Be it always Remembered that Those whose Names are underwritten
were admitted associates according to thire Lot Rights anexed to Each of
there names and ought to have Been Enteared Iu page the third of This
Book all which is menifastly known By Living Testamony amongst us
and Doth allso appear By an Instrument made In the year one Thousand
six hundred Ninety and five
The Associates admitted as abouesd were as followeth (viz) Joseph
willson fi e Lott Eight henry Norris foure Lott Eight and to Each a
third Lott Eight peter Nue Henry Lyon and to Each a second Lott
Eight in the same premisses Jeffery Jones John Miles Samuel Barnett
John Littel Samuel Winance Joseph meeker Joseph Sayers Eobert
Morss and Moses Thompson and to Each a first Lott Right in the same
permisses- Nathaniel Bonell, Sen" Stephen Crane John arskin Joshua
Clark Thomas Moore Daniel Dehart John meeker : a Loott & a half
Eoger Lambert George pack, John Ogden Stephen osborne Joseph
osborn George 'Eoss Nathaniel Tuttel Isaac_hetfeild Jonas wood a
Lot Eight and a half and to a first Lot Eight Samuel Sayes peter
morss Benjamin Bond a Lot Eight and a half, and to a first Lot Eight
marry Johnson, John Woodruff, william miller, John parker, Josiah
Stanbrough, Henry martain, John pope Benjamin meeker a half Lot
Eight one Lot Eight was Entered in page y* 3 of this Book, and to a;
first Lot Eight Joseph ffrazey Eiehard mattuk and Jonathan Ogden. a
first Lot Eight and one Entered In page the 3 of This Book which mak»
two in the Second Taken in of the associates Eiehard Clarke Senor
Deceased a second Lott Eight william Cramer Senor-a Second Lott
Eight. * S. T. Col. Docmts., III. 709; IV. 159, 371, 509.

244 THE HISTORY OF
On pages 2d and 3d of the same Book is the following
entry : —
" In the Yeare of our Lord one thousand Six Hundred and Ninty-Nine,
At a Town-Meeting (in Elizabeth Town) of the sd Associates and those
Holding under thetn or Some of them were admitted as Associates with
them in the affores1 Pi-emisses, all those Persons whose Names are here
inafter next mentioned (viz.) William Looker, a Second Lott-Eight,
Benjamin Wade Ditto. John Harriman Ditto, William Nicholls, a third
Lot-Right, and to first Lot-Eights, William Brown, Ephraim Clarke,
Obediah Sale, Jonathan Ogden, Samuel Carter, Jeremiah Crane, Joseph
Whitehead, Samuel Whitehead, David Woodruff, Benjamin Meeker,
Mordecai Burnet, Nathanael Whitehead, William Miller, Joseph Lyon,
John Thompson, John Harriman, Ju', Ebenezer Lyon, John Woodruff,
Abraham Hetfield, Eobert Woolley, William Hill, William Cramer,
Denis Morris, John Megie, Benjamin Lyon, John Osborne, Joseph Wood-
i uff, Thomas Darling, William Stray hearne, Andrew Craig, John Johnson,
Nathaniel Lyon, Joseph Hallsy, Benjamin Ogden, Jno. Ailing, Jacob
Mitchell, Samuel Willis, Andrew Hamton, George Thorp, John Pearce,
Samuel Oliver, Samuel Clarke, John Gould, Eiehard Clarke, John Clarke,
and Cornelius Hetfield. And since Cap* Ebenezer Willson, a second Lot-
Eight. In these lists, several of the original Associates are named -
as having obtained an addition to their lot-rights. The
children of the old planters are largely represented ; in some
cases, two, three, four, or five sons taking the place of the
father. Ten new-comers are found in the list of 1695,
and twenty, in that of 1699 ; the most of whom became per
manent residents and founders of families. In addition to
these, were found among the residents a considerable number
of persons, who had attached themselves to the Proprietary
party or were themselves Proprietors, whose lands were
located chiefly on the lower Rahway river and its branches,
that section being then included within the territory of the
town. Daniel Price was appointed, May 3, 1697, Captain of the
Train-Bands: William Brown and Ephraim Price, Lieu
tenants ; and Richard Baker and Samuel Oliver, Ensigns.
John Woodruff (son of the old planter) received, May 30, the
appointment- of High-Sheriff of Essex Co. ; John Harriman
[Rev.J and Andrew Hampton, Dec. 1, 1698, were chosen

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 245
Deputies ; Robert Smith (the first of the name in the town)
became, Dec. 26, 1699, High-Sheriff; and, Feb. 15, 1699-
1700, George Jewell, County Clerk.*
The period, immediately subsequent to the decision of the
Jones' case in 1695, was one of much confusion and excite
ment. Great indignation, of course, was manifested by the
town party against the Proprietors and their anomalous
government. Restive as they had been under it from the
first, they could no longer restrain the expression of their
dissatisfaction. The reversal by the King and his Council, in
1697, of the adverse judgment of 1695, confirming, as it did,
unquestionably, the validity of their titles, emboldened them
still more in their opposition to Proprietary rule, and in
the determination to be rid of it, and come under the
immediate government of the King, whom thejr had learned
to trust.
In these purposes they were greatly strengthened by the
state of public affairs in the Province. The Proprietors, as
has been said, relinquished their claim of jurisdiction in
April, 16S8, but reasserted it in 1690. Owing to the perils
by which the Orange dynasty was then surrounded at home,
but little notice was taken, by the ministry, of this colonial
incident. As the government, however, gained strength and
a firm foothold on British soil, the colonies were regarded
with more interest. The pleadings in the Jones' case had
turned attention more particularly to the Jerseys. The
authorities at New York, also, were perpetually pleading for
the annexation of this inviting territory to their own.
The issue must have been clearly foreseen. It could not
be averted. The Proprietary government was doomed. The
ministry wisely withheld their assent from the appointments
of the Board at London. Acceptable, personally, as their ap
pointee, Gov. Hamilton, was, his authority was questioned,
and the jurisdiction of the courts denied. When he was su
perseded in April, 1698, by Jeremiah Basse, in conformity
to a law that required the Colonial Governors to be natives
of England, the opposition party were greatly strengthened.
* E. J. Eecords, C. 264-7, 81S,823.

246 THE HISTORY OF
The American Proprietors took ground against the English
Proprietors, and opposed Basse ; while he, on the other hand,
sided with the opposition, and so lent his influence to the
subversion of the power to which he owed his advancement.
The people soon learned to hold the government in contempt.
Revolt ensued. The leaders were imprisoned, but speedily
rescued by the populace.
In May, 1699, Basse left the government in the hands of
Andrew Bowne, (President of the Council, and in sympathy
with the opposition), and sailed for England. Bowne's exer
cise of authority was respected no more than his predeces
sor's ; but it stirred up less resistance, as he sided mainly
with the people. The return of Gov. Hamilton, at the close
of 1699, with a new Commission, served still more to com
plicate matters. In the course of the following spring and
summer (1700), the opposition openly revolted; the Assem
bly, called to meet in May, 1700, demanded of Hamilton
credentials from the King, and were dissolved the same day.
A period of strife and violence followed ; courts were broken
up ; sheriffs and others were obstructed in serving processes;
and, as during Basse's rule, there were " mutual breaking of
Goals, rescuing of Prisoners, and beating and abusing of
officers."* In this culmination of events, towards which they had
long been rushing, the people of this town took a deeply-
interested part. The Newark people openly refused, at a
town meeting, April 11, 1699, to be taxed for the raising of
money, ordered by the Assembly, for redressing a force of
the Province of N. York ; and in this they were fully sec
onded by this town, at their meeting, on the 21st. At a meet
ing of the County Court in this town, March 12, 1699-1700,
the Sheriff having been ordered to arrest Samuel Carter for
•contempt of Court, the " noise and howling of the people,"
were such that the Court was obliged to adjourn. A similar
*cene took place at the County Court in Sept. at Newark,
* E. J. Eecords, O., 278, 811 , 828, 831, 4. E. T. Bill, pp. 45, 124. App. to Do., p. S3. Ans. to
Do., p. 82. Smith's N. J., pp. 209-11, 558-60, 56S-9. Learning and Spicer, pp. 592, 8, 605.
Gordon's N. J., p. 63. Whitehead's E. J., pp. 18S-41, 147-50, 219-20, 228-7. Mulford'sN. J.
pp. 257-63. Analytical Index of N. J. Col. Docmts. pp. 19-81.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY.

247

several of the inhabitants of this town taking part in the dis
turbance.* In this terrible confusion of public affairs, it was deter
mined to make an appeal directly to the King. A Petition
was prepared, purporting to be from " the Freeholders, In
habitants, and owners of the Land, of and belonging to
Elizabeth-Town, or Township, and other Lands thereto adja
cent, in the Province of East New Jersey in America,
in behalf of themselves and many others.." After reciting
their title, they say, —
The said Purchasers, and those claiming under them, still continue in
the possession of the Lands by them Purchased, and peaceably enjoyed the
same, until about September, 1693, being near Thirty Years, and during
that Time, great Labour and Expence, built, planted, and improved tbe
same ; and they humbly conceive they ought according to Law, Reason
and Justice, still to enjoy the same.
They then rehearse the troubles to which they had been
put in defending their title, and their need of an impartial
tribunal. They ask, therefore, either to be placed under the civil
government of New York, or to have indifferent Judges ap
pointed to whom all these matters might be referred ; and
that the usurpers be admonished no more to usurp the royal
authority in "constituting courts" and " commissionating
Judges." The paper was signed as follows :
John Lamb, John Megie,
John Osborn, Daniel Dehart, ,_
Abraham Hill, Robert Marsh,
Joseph Hallsy, William Strayhearn,
John Woodroof, Nathaniel Boinel,
Robert Wooley, Samuel Clark,
Joshuah Clarke, John Willis,
Henry Lyon, Daniel Crane,
William Looker, David Woodruff,
Jeremiah Osborn; Ebenezer Lyon,
Cornelius Hatfield, s Jonathan Ogden, jun.,
Henry Norris, Obadiah Sale,
John Cory, John Little,

Joseph Woodroof,
And. Hampton,
John Thomas,
Ephram Clarke,
Joseph Williams,
William Miller,
Samuel Whitehead,
Eoger Lambert.
Benjamin Lyon,
Joseph Meeker,
Ephraim Price,
Samuel Carter,
Jonathan Ogden,

* Anal. Index, pp. 24, 5, 9, 81. Newark Town Eecords, pp. 118, 4. Whitehead's E. J
p. 145

248 THE HISTORY OF,
Isaac Boinell, Thomas Thompson, Isaac Whitehead,
Benjamin Ogdin, Joseph Lyon, John Earsken,
Benjamin Wade, sen., William Brown, Thomas Price,
Benjamin Price, jun., John Meeker, Benjamin Hatter,
Benjamin Meeker, John Thomson, John Clarke,
John Looker, Daniel Price, John Miles,
Jeremiah Crane, John Harriman, jun., Jacob Mitchel,
Daniel Sayre, John Ross, Samuel Williams.*
George Ross, jun., Abraham Hatfield,
A small proportion only of the large territory belonging to
the town had hitherto been occupied. The new generation
and the new comers were eager for more land. It was deter
mined, therefore, in town-meeting, in the autumn of 1699, to
proceed to an orderly distribution of the back country lands,
and the remaining meadows on the Town Creek, among the
Associates, now 120 in number. For this purpose, John
Harriman, Jr., the eldest son of the minister, was chosen Sur
veyor, and Messrs. Jonathan Ogden, Benjamin Lyon, John
Clarke, Samuel Carter, and Cornelius Hatfield, his assistants,
" to Lay out, Divide, and Equally assise all the Lands and
meadows within the whole Bounds and purchase of Elizabeth
Town, to every one Interested therein by Right of purchase
under the honourable General Richard Nicholls, their Several
and Respective parts and shares of the whole.f
They entered upon their work, Dec. 26, 1699, and com
pleted it, March 5, i-f -§-¦}-. The ground surveyed was watered
by the Rahway river in its southerly course, and extended
from the Newark line on the North, to the Woodbridge line
on the South, reaching to the foot of " the mountain" on the
West. It included a considerable part of the present towns
of Union, Westfield, and Plainfield, and a small part of the
town of Rahway. It comprised about 17,000 acres, and was
divided into 171 one-hundred acre lots, mostly 40 by 26
chains, the general direction of the length being from East
to West, and of the breadth, from North to South. The first
lot, assigned to Isaac Whitehead, Senr, deceased, bordered
on " the North-west line between Eliz*11 Town and Newark ; "
the 107th, 111th, 112th, and 119th, bordered South on the
* Learning and Spicer, pp. 6SS-92. 4 t E. Town Book, B., p. 87.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 249
Woodbridge Line ; the intervening lots, in the order of their
enumeration filling up the interval ; and the remaining lots
lying to the West of the others. The settlement of Connecti
cut Farms and Westfield dates from this allotment ; the
staple of the population of these townships being the descend
ants of the old planters among whom these lands were ap
portioned.* In these lists, and other documents of the period, several
new names occur, not noticed in the schedule of 1666, and
the Dutch Census of 1673. Of some of them but little is
known ; the origin of a few cannot now be discovered ; and
of the remainder a brief account only can be given.
John Alling [Allen] was in humble circumstances, labor
ing by the day, employed by Mr. Harriman in " bottoming
chairs." The day after Mr. Harriman's death, his daughter,
says the old Ledger, " Abigail Ailing came to our service."
His father, John, died, intestate, April, 1685. He himself
was admitted an Associate in 1699-1700. What relation, if
any, he bore to Samuel Ailing, the founder of the Newark
family, from New Haven, Ct. is not known, — probably
none.f Andeew Alexander was one of Mr. Harriman's parishion
ers. He resided here as early as Jan., 169-:}. He was,
doubtless, of the same family with George and John Alex
ander, who came over with the Scotch emigration about
1685, and had large allotments of land on the Rahway river,
and at the Scotch Plains, on Green Brook. Andrew was a
schoolmaster, and had among his pupils, in 1697-8, three of
Mr. Harriman's children, who credits him, in his Ledger
thus: "for schooling my 3 children at 5B 3d— 15 9." He was
living here in 17054
Maegabet Bakee was here as early as 1676. She obtained,
Feb. 1, 167|, a warrant for 200 acres, "in right of Peter
Wolverson," who had returned to New York. She is recorded
as Mrs. Margaret Baker, but her deceased husband's name is
not given. * E. Town Book, B., 12-37. Harriman's Ledger, pp. 148-150.
t Newark Town Eecords, p. 116. Mr. Harriman's Ledger, p. 127.
% lb., p. 108. E. J. Eecords, L., 50, 101, 170, 206.

250 THE HISTORY OF
She was a sister of Gov. Peter Stuyvesant, and quite a
noted character. Jacob Backer, her husband, was a pros
perous merchant in New York. He resided on the E. side
of Broad st. near Beaver st., and adjoining his store. He
was Schepen for several years, and held in high esteem. - He
went over to Holland, in 1660, and left his business here in
charge of his wife, Margaret, returning only occasionally.
Their eldest child, Nicholas, was baptized in the Dutch
Church, N. Y., Mar. 25, 1657 ; their 2d child, Hillegond,
Sep. 7, 1759 ; Henricus, Sep. 26, 1660 ; and Abraham, Nov.
23, 1664. After the English conquest he returned once or
twice more to Holland, and seems, after 1669, not to have
come back. It was reported that he died in the East Indies.
His property was heavily mortgaged, to Jean Cousseau, who
foreclosed in 1670. Balthazar de Haert, a wealthy merchant,
living in Pearl st. between Broad and William streets, pur
chased the property, in Oct. 1670, at public sale. As the
sequel shows, he had become quite intimate with widow
Baker. He died the next year but one, 1672, and, having
never married, left the most of his estate to his three brothers,
Daniel, Matthias and Jacob, having first made provision for
his natural son, Matthias ; and bequeathed to his " Naturall
son Daniel De Haert, procreated by Margarett Stuyvesant,"
the house and lot then occupied by him and Elias Provost
Smith, and " two greate stilling kettles ; " also 600 guilders
wampum annually ; of all which the mother was to have the
use until their son, Daniel (who had been baptized, Sep. 1,
1671), should come of age.
Among the Albany Records is a Petition, dated Ap. 29,
1676, of Margaret Stuyvesant " for an examination of ber
account against the estate of the late Balthazar de Haart,
with whom she was engaged to be married, and who in his
lifetime made use of her estate." Oct. 2, 1676, Daniel de
Haart asks for a subpoena to be served " in the suit between
Daniel de Haart, administrator, &c, and Margaret Stuy
vesant alias Bakers." In the following winter, Mrs. Margaret
Baker lias taken up her residence here, induced thereto,
probably, by a settlement with Daniel de Haart, his brother

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. - 251
Balthazar having acquired considerable land here before his
death. Not many years after, she found it convenient to
change her condition once more. A very singular covenant
of marriage is on record, dated March 11, 167f, between
Hendrick Droogestradt and Mrs. Margarita Stuyvesant, both
of Elizabeth Town, in which, Hendricus, Nicholas and Abra
ham Backer are mentioned as her children. The witnesses to
the covenant are John Woodruff, George Jewell, and Rich
ard Pettinger. The identification is complete. (Mr. Drooge
stradt had been a resident of New York, and, Feb. 26, 1671,
had obtained license to marry Mary Jansen. They were
still living, in Jan., 1674, at New York, tenants of Rev.
Jacob Fabritius.) According to the Dutch custom, Mrs.
Baker retained her maiden name, Stuyvesant, after her
marriage. The three children named above were born in
wedlock. Mrs. Baker, having been a resident of New York,
was doubtless well acquainted with Wolverson, and so be
came a purchaser of his rights here. The amount surveyed
for her was 224 acres, already described in connection with
the notice of Wolverson. The larger part of it adjoined
Daniel de Hart's land on the West, which Daniel was,
doubtless, her own son.*
Shamgae Baenes was one of Mr. Harriman's parishioners,
in humble condition. He may have been a son of Thomas
Barnes, of Shrewsbury, N. J. ; but, more probably, he was
from Southampton, L. I., the home of so many of the early
settlers of this town. William Barnes was there as soon as
1644, and Joshua Barnes, in 1653 and onwards. Thomas
Barnes was at New Haven, Ct., in 1643.f
Samuel Baenet was the founder of a large family, but his
origin is not known. The Rev. Thomas Barnard, of New
London, Ct., is called "Barnet," by Cotton Mather. Such a
conversion of names is very common in the old records. He
was admitted an Associate in 16954
John Blanchaed is called, by Mr. Harriman, " gallicus"
i. e. a Frenchman. In one place, he writes the name,
" 1 * Alb. Eecords, XXV. 105, 1S6. N. T. Wills, 1. 885-392. E. J. Eecords, IL 50, 56 ; III. 140
N. T. Marriages, p. 117.
t Howell, pp. 96, 151, 179, 206. X Savage, 1. 123. Mather's Magnalia. E. T. Book, B. 48.

252 THE HISTORY OF
" Blankshard ; " in another " Blankshaw," in accordance
with the French pronunciation. The name first occurs in
1700. Several French families became residents of the town
during the first few years of the 18th century. He opened,
as early as 1700, a country store here, which was kept by
him, or some member of his family, a great many years.
The following debit appears against him in Mr. Harriman's
Ledger : " 1703. May 17th, p a house &c sold you this day at
80lb is £80, 00, 00." In 1711, he was one of the Justices of
the Peace, and, in 1720, one of the Town Committee. He
was a man of much distinction and influence, and the founder
of a numerous and respectable family.*
John Boaedman first appears at the Town Meeting, Jan. 18,
169-}, when he subscribed 6s. per annum to Mr. Harriman's
support. He seems to have been a day-laborer, and may
have been the sexton of the church, an entry made in Mr.
Harriman's Ledger, by his son, John, being in these words :
" 1705 August 21 by Diging fathers grave — 0, 4, 0." Mr.
H. died on the 20th. Boardman died in 1707, his will
bearing date, Maisch 4, 170Jj-. His wife, Sarah, to whom he
left all his property, survived him.f
William Botell [should, probably, be Boyle] and Jane
Jansen, both of E. Town, were married, Sep. 27, 1675, at E.
Town, by Justice Bollen. Nothing further is known of them.
He may have been the ancestor of Solomon Boyle, who
owned 600 acres on the Upper Passaic, adjoining the Berk
ley .tract, and was the father of a numerous family. Charles
Boyle was at Oyster Bay, L. I., a few years later4
William Beoadwell was a cordwainer, who married, Aug.
25, 1677, Mary, a daughter of Robert Morse, tailor, all of
this town. She was his second wife. He purchased, Oct. 30,
1678, 148 acres of land in E. Town, of Luke Watson, who
had removed to Delaware ;. also, Sep. 26, 16S1, 35 acres, a
part of his father-in-law's lands, bordering East on Eliz.
River. He obtained, Feb. 26, 1679-80, a warrant, " in Right
of him & bis wife." He sold a part of his lands, July 4,
• Old Ledger, pp. 128, 131, 145. Records Quarter Sessions, 1711, 12. E. T. Book, B. 1.
t Old Ledger, p. 114. } E. J. Eecords, III. 118. Alb. Land Papers, X. 16L

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 253
1682, to Joseph Frazee ; he bought, Oct. 20, 1684. of Joseph
Kerr, another tract, and on the 24th, sold to Capt. Andrew
Bown, of Middletown, N. J., (Deputy Gov., in 1699), 27 acres
adjoining Leonard Headley. He applied, June 11, 1685, for
500 acres in E. T, and obtained " 250 at 2d. per Acre." He
had surveyed, Nov. 6, 1685, a tract of 267 acres, at E. side
of Ash Swamp, adjoining Wm. Pardon, Robert Morse, Wm.
Trotter, and George Pack; also 16 acres more on the E.
of the above ; and 38 acres of meadow on the S. side of
Bound Creek : in all, 320 acres. His saw-mill was one of
the landmarks of the day. He died early in April, 16S9.
His estate was valued at £67, 9, 1.*
William Beowne was a wheelwright aud carpenter. He
was one of the early settlers of Southampton, L. I., aud Oct.
7, 1648, was chosen one of the freemen of the town. He
came to E. Town, probably, about 1680. He was commis
sioned Lieutenant of Capt. Daniel Price's Company of Foot,
May 3, 1697. In March, 1699-1700, he was chosen one of
the Associates of the Town. He was a brother-in-law of
Capt. Isaac Whitehead. Joseph and Isaac Ogden were his
sons-in-law. He died in Dec, 1702.f
Moedecai Buenet was, also, from Southampton, L. I. His
father, Thomas, came thither from Lynn, Mass., as early as
1643. He had 7 sons : John, Aaron, Lot, Joel, Dan, Mor-
decai, and Matthias. Mordecai was the son of his second
wife, Mary Pierson, whom he married in 1663, at Lynn.
He was admitted one of the Associates in March 1699-1700.
No record of his residence here at an earlier date has been
found. He was born, probably, about 1670, and may have
come here about 1690. Dr. Ichabod Burnet, who came here
later, and was one of the Associates in 1729, was the son of
his brother Dan, and the father of the Burnet family of this
town4 Riohaed Claeke, shipwright, also, was from the East End .
of Long Island. In a deposition made, March 22, 1741, his
son, Richard, then " aged about fourscore Years," states
* E. J. Eecords, 114; o. e. 150 ; II. 128; o. e. 880 J IV. 19, 20; A. 182, 3, 335; L. 84. '
t Howell, pp. 29, 90. E. J. Eecords, C. 264. Old Ledger, p. 7.
X Howell, pp. 92, 208, 9. E. T. Book, B., p. 8.

254 THE HISTORY OF
" that he was born, as he hath heard, at South-Hampton on
Long Island ; and that he was brought to Eliz. Town by his
Father, named Richard Clarke, when he was between six
teen and seventeen years of Age." The father's name is not
found among the early inhabitants of Southampton. He was
living at Southold in 1675. Mr. Clarke, with his wife, Eliza
beth, daughter, Elizabeth, and five sons, Richard, John,
Joshua, Samuel and Ephraim, came here, about 1678. Two
sons, Thomas and Benjamin, were born to him after his arri
val. The first five were all admitted as Associates in 1699-
1700. He obtained, Feb. 25, 1679-80, a warrant for 300
acres " in Right of himself his Wife his Sons Richard, John
and his Daughter Elizabeth Clarke." These three were of
sufficient age [14 years] at the time to have an allotment of
land granted their father for them. The survey of this land,
located near Rahway, is not on record. He had purchased,
in 1678, Caleb Carwithy 's land, at Luke Watson^s Point.
He was admitted an Associate, in 1695. His Will is dated,
New York, April 1, T697, where he may have been taken
ill, and where, probably, he died, a day or two later. His
son, Thomas, was the grandfather of Abraham Clark, the
" Signer." His estate was valued at £159, 5, l^.*
Jonathan Clement was one of Mr. Harriman's parishion
ers from 1694 (and probably earlier) to 1705. But little is
known of him. The Clement family were numerous at Hav
erhill, Mass., and Jonathan may have originated there. One
of the entries in the old Ledger, against Mr. Clement, is in
these words : " 1705 May 26 your negro came to board." f
John Coeet first appears here as one of the Memorialists
of 1700. He came from Southold, L. I. Abraham was a
resident of that town, as early as 1662, where he married
Margaret, a daughter of Jeffry Christophers. John Coiy, in
1675, was* assessed, at Southold, for £44 ; and Jacob Cory,
for £93. It is likely that the three were brothers. He died,
in Dec. 1722, and his widow, Priscilla, in Dec. 1723. %
Andeew Ceaig [Ceaige, Ceage, Ceag, Ceagg], it is
•E. T. Bill, p. 115. E. J. Eeoords, II. 103, 117. t Ledger, p. 67. Savage, I. 407, 8.
% Savngo, I. 459, 60. N. T. Doc. Uis., IL 449-52.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 255
thought, came with the Scotch emigration, in Gov. Lawrie's
time. John and James Craige came with Lord Campbell in
1685. As related, on a subsequent page, the Rev. George
Keith, Episcopal Missionary, was entertained at his house, in
Nov. 1703, preached there the first Episcopal sermon ever
delivered in the town, and baptized Mr. Craig's four children.
He was admitted an Associate in March, 1699-1700, and
drew No. 162 of the 100-acre lots, on the S. W. side of the
Rahway river, and on the lower side of the " Noramahegon
branch," in the bounds of the present township of Westfield,
being its easternmost point. A part of the family became at
tached, subsequently, to the Westfield Church. His auto
graph appears among the Associates, Nov. 28, 1729, in 'the
Town Book. He died, about Oct. 1, 1738*
James Ceighton is known only as one of Mr. Harriman's
parishioners. A John Crichton was one of the banished
Scots who arrived in Dec. 1685.f
William Daebie was a resident of the town in 1688. Ap.
16, of that year, the widow Agatha White sells all the lands
of Richard Beach in E. Town, bought of him, March 31,
1688, to William Darbie of E. Town. Nothing further is
known of him. A William Darby was one of the respond
ents in 1752, to the E. Town Bill in Chancery4
Thomas Daeling was admitted one of the Associates in
1699-1700, and drew No. 150 of the 100-acre lots, near the
Rahway river and N. E. of it, between Joseph Woodruff
and Hurr Thompson. A Thomas Darling was at Salem,
Mass., in 1690 ; George, at Lynn, 1650 ; and John Darling,
who married Eliza, daughter of James Beers, was one of the
early settlers of Fairfield, Ct. §
Daniel De Haet was erroneously numbered by Jeremiah
Osborn, in his affidavit, as one of the original 80 associates.
He is not included in the Town list, as recorded* in their
book. He was a physician and a resident of New York.
Four brothers, Balthazar, Daniel, Matthias, and Jacobus,
* P. Ep. His. Soe. Coll., p. 44. Clark's St. John's Chh. of E. T., p. 15. E. T. Book, B. 3, 35.
Whitehead's P. Amboy, p. 22. t Ledger, p. 77. Whitehead's P. Amboy, p. 28.
X E. J. Eecords, B. 883, 4. E. T. Bill, pp. 106, 7. Ans. to do.
§ Savage, II. 10. E. T. Book, B. 8, 88.

256 THE HISTORY OF
De Haerdt were early citizens of New Amsterdam, the
former having engaged in the shipping business, about 1658,
and having been greatly prospered. Balthazar resided, at the
English Conquest, on the S. side of Wall st. He purchased,
Ap. 3, 1671, of Richard Painter, one of the original Asso
ciates of this town, who had removed to N. York, his house
and plantation here. At his death, early the next year, his
executors sold, for £48, July 4, 1672, the property to Richard
Skinner, "Joyner" of this town, who had been a servant
both to Painter and to De Hart. Skinner, however, being
unable, probably, to comply with the terms of purchase, relin
quished the possession. Whereupon Daniel De Haert, as
" Executor of Baltaz De Haert," obtained, March 30, 1675, a
warrant for 120 acres, " in Right of Richard Painter," and,
A.p. 1, 1678, obtained a survey of 134J acres, including a
house-lot of 3 acres, already described in the notice of Painter
on a previous page. Two years later, Mar. 28, 1680, he sold,
in behalf of the heirs of his brother, all their estate in the
town, to George Jewell of Piscataway.
After his brother's death, Daniel succeeded to his business,
and died without issue, late in 1689, or early in 1690. His
brother, Jacob, married Cornelia Beeck, and resided on the
W. side of Pearl, below Wall st. Their children were — Wil
liam, Peter, Elizabeth, and Balthus, 1673-80, and another,
1684, not named. Matthias married, in 1670, Jannetie, the
widow of Joannes De Witt, a wealthy flour-merchant of New
York, and had a daughter, Catalina, bap. Jan. 21, 1673. He
had died in 1675. Since Dr. Daniel De Hart died as early
as 1690, he could not have been the Daniel, who was admit
ted one of the Associates in 1695, and who signed the memo
rial to the King in 17001 This Daniel was, undoubtedly, the
son of Mrs. Margaret Baker and Balthazar De Hart — the
first one of the name who took up his residence here. Capt.
Matthias De Hart, born 1667, must have been the son, Mat
thias, mentioned in the will of Balthazar. He was the an
cestor of the E. Town family.*
* E. J. Eocords, I. 25 ; II. 18, 73 ; A 118. Valentine's N. Tork, pp. 64, 7. N. T. Wills,'I.
385-392: V. 123.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 257
Anthony Elcock appears to have been one of the early
Associates of the town, as a meadow-lot, in 1699-1700, was
drawn in his right. His name occurs nowhere else in the
town records. He was at New Haven, Ct., in 1657 ; had
four children, Mary, John, Thomas, and Sarah born to him,
1661-9, and had died in 1672. His early death, probably,
prevented his intended removal.*
James Emott came from England to this town, as early as
1682. As a lawyer, he attached himself to Gov. Carteret,
and was one of the witnesses to his will, Dec. 10, 1682. He
was appointed County Clerk, March 28, 1683, and Chief
Ranger of the town, Dec. 3, 1683. Soon after, he removed
to Perth Amboy, the new capital of the Province, and, in
1685, kept the ordinary there. The next year, he was ap
pointed Provincial Secretary. None, who have occasion to
consult the original Records at Trenton, pertaining to this
period, will soon forget his peculiar chirography, so difficult
to decipher. He had married, 1682, or 3, Mary Lawrence,
of this town, the step-daughter of Governor Carteret, who was
born 1665, and was about 16 years old, when, at her mother's
marriage, in 1681, she came with her six brothers and sisters
to reside here. He removed from Amboy to New York, and
resided on the E. side of Broadway, just above Wall st. He
received, Feb. 5, 168-|, a warrant for 300 acres in E. Town,
bordering on Rahway river, and " Emott's Creek." He was
a zealous Jacobite, and, in .1698, was charged with being one
of the brokers for the pirate Every. He was one of the first
vestrymen of Trinity Church, N. Y., and contributed liber
ally to its funds. In 1699, he visited Boston to intercede
with the Earl of Bellemont (the Governor) for the pirate
Capt. Kidd. In 1701, he was recommended to be one of the
Gov.'s Council. He died, April, 1713, at New York, leaving
four sons, George, William, James and John.f
John Eeskine [Eaeskens, Aeskin, Aeskins] was a Scotch-
* Ledger, p. 149. Savage, II. 107. The name is identical, doubtless, with " Alcock."
t N. T. Wills, VIII. 227-9. E. J. Eeoords, A. 17; C 18, 76 ; O. 64, 70. Whitehead's P. .
Amboy, pp. 22, 41, 261. Valentino's N. T., pp. 284, 350. N. T. Col. Docmts., III. 701, 747;
IV. 308, 528, 583, 769, 849. Berrian's Trinity Chh., pp. 15, 17, 20. His widow, soon after,
became the wife of the Eev. Edward Vaughan, of this town.
17

258 THE HISTORY OF
man, as his name imports. He was admitted an Associate in
1695, and drew No. 143 of the 100-acre lots, in the town of
Westfield, recently owned by the late Gideon Ross. His sub
scription in town-meeting, Jan. 18, 169-f-, to Mr. Harriman's
support, was 5s. per annum, who credits him with making a
pair of leather breeches for each of two of his sons, Richard
and Joseph, 3s. and 6d. each ; also with " 3 dayes work of his
negro Robbin in threshing wheat at 3 bits p day — 6s. 9d."
Pie was, therefore, a tailor, and, in common with his pastor
and most of the planters, a slaveholder. He was one of
the Memorialists of 1699. St. John's Church, in 1738,
or 9, received a glebe of 9 acres, " by the Piety and favor
of a very worthy widow, Mrs. Anne Arskins of Elizabeth
Town." *
Nathaniel Foebes was a shoemaker, and is known only as
a subscriber, in 1694, of 6s. a year to Mr. Harriman's support,
and the maker of a pair of shoes for the pastor, in full of the
subscription.! William Gaethwaite, the father of a numerous family, was
born, 1677, in England; married, as early as 1702, Ann, the
daughter of Maximilian Laulon, of France. He came here
as early as 1703, his son, Henry, having then been born in
this town. The family tradition brings him here as early as
1695. The earliest date, at which his name appears in any
town document, is 1706. He, or his son, located on what has
since been known as the Roberts' property, on the West side
of the town. He died, Dec. 11, 1738, leaving, at least, two
sons, Henry and James4
Edwaed Gay was a physician. Letters of Administration
were granted, Aug. 3, 1687, to "Edward G;iy, of Elizabeth
Town, Doct' of Physick," for the Estate of John Wren, of E.
Town, decd. This is the first mention of him. No hint is
given of his previous history. He frequently appears as a
witness to the Wills of the early settlers, — his patients, most
likely. He obtained a warrant, Aug. 15, 1693, for 50 acres
of unappropriated land in E. Town. No other trace of him
* E. T. Book, B., 82, 43. Ledger, p. 109. Clark's St. John's, p. 55,
t Ledger, p. 88. x lb. p. 8.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 259
remains. John Gay was at Watertown, in '1635, and Ded-
ham, Mass., 1639.*
John Gould [Gold] was admitted one of the Associates in
1699-1700. In June, 1694, he subscribed 12s. a year to Mr.
Harriman's support. A John Gould was at Southampton,
L. I., in 1683, and was, doubtless, the same man. John
Gould, who was at Charlestown, Mass., in 1636, had a son,
John, born, Aug. 5, 1648. The latter may have been the
E. Town Gould. A Daniel Goulde was at Shrewsbury, N. J.,
previous to 1677. f
Joseph Halsey came from Southampton where, and in its
vicinity, the family is largely represented at the present day.
Joseph was the son of Isaac, and the grandson of Thomas,
who was at Lynn, Mass., in 1637, and was the wealthiest
founder of Southampton, in 1640. Joseph was born about
1668, and bred a weaver. He was here in 1694. He lived
in the neighborhood of the Wheatsheaf tavern on the Wood-
bridge road. He purchased of Derick, the son of Capt. John
Baker, " all the Divisions accruing to a second Lot Right in
Elizabeth Town." He was one of the Memorialists, and one
of the Associates, in 1700. Pie died, April, 17254
Andeew Hampton [Hamton] was here Ap. 12, 1688, when
he administered on an estate ; perhaps earlier. Tradition
(not very good authority) says, that he was a tailor, and
eloped, from Scotland, with Lady Margaret Cummin. No
where in the Records has she this honorable prefix. It is
much more probable, that he came here from the old hive —
Southampton, L. I. James Hampton, of Salem, Mass., re
moved to Southampton, as early as 1652, living at the N.
end of Main st., near the Bridgehampton road, next to Robert
Woolley (afterwards of E. Town), and near Thomas Sayre, in
a house bought of Wm. Barnes. Andrew was, probably, his
son, and, therefore, named one of his own sons, James. The
Rev. George Keith, being here in 1703, says: "November
4. I Baptized the Children of Andrew Hemton, eight in
* E. J. Eecords, B. 133 ; 0. 103. Savage, II. 287.
t E. T. Book, B. 3. Ledger, p. 76. Savage, II. 285.
X Howell, pp. 15, 227-88. Littell's Passaic Valley, p. 166. N. Y. Wills, 1. 880. E. T. Bill
p. 49.

260 THE HISTORY OF
Number ; He and his Wife are come over from Quakerism
to the Church." His tenets would not allow' him to aid in
the support of a " hireling " minister ; yet, as he had con
siderable dealings with Mr. Harriman, he allowed the latter
to charge him in the old Ledger, " 169f 8br 1. p gift in
ordr to my maintenance 26 B [£] 1. 6. 0." In 1696, he is
charged with " mending glass for ye brick house ... 3. 4£."
In that year he built his " brick house " on the site of
the present parsonage of St. John's Church. A portion
of the old house still remains, in which is still
seen the old corner-stone with this inscription :
A smaller stone is inscribed  h_

A 1696 M ¦

1697
ANDBEW HAMTON and
MAEGEET

as follows :
He was appointed, Dec. 1, 1698,
with Mr. Harriman, a Deputy to the Legisla
ture. His name is found among the Memorialists of 1700,
and, among the Associates of that year, but not among those
of 1729. He died, Jan. 173f .*
John Haeeiman, 1687, is noticed at length on a subsequent
page. Heney Haeeis Was one of Mr. Harriman's parishioners,
employed by him, at times, in " fetching shells, mowing salt-
grass, killing hogs, pitching hay," and the like. His sub
scription was 6s. George Harris was at Northampton, L. I.,
in 1657, and this Henry may have been of his family.
George, of the next generation, in this town, was, probably,
Henry's son. A George Harris was at Salem, Mass., with a
family, in 1636. Daniel and Arthur were in 1640 at Dux-
bury.f Capt. John Haeeison was a merchant here, as early as
June 6, 1701, at which date he obtained license from Gov.
Hamilton to " purchase of the Indians or Natives a tract of
land at or Near Milton River," in W. Jersey. No connec
tion has been traced between him and the Harrison family of
Newark. His father, John, was an early settler in Monmouth
Co., N. J. (having four sons, John, William, Henry, Ed-
* Howell, pp. 151, 6, 805, 7. E. J. Eecords, C 267. P. Ep. His. Soo. Coll., I. 44. Ledger,
p. 102. Clark's St. John's, p. 61. t Savage, II, 860, 1. Howell, 284 Ledger, p. 101.

n Ml

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 261
ward), and was, probably, that son of Edward Harrison, who
was baptized at Boston, May 21, 1648. Or he may have
been the son of John, of Boston, whose son, John, was born
there, Ap. 2, 1652. John Harrison, in 1695, was the Sheriff
of Queens County, L. L, and, July 22, 1697, applied for a
patent for a tract of land at Oyster Bay. Soon after, he re
moved to this town, and engaged in trade. He purchased,
Jan. 23, 170f, one-fifth of Robert Barclay's Propriety in the
E. Jersey lands, which was ^g-ths of -^-th, and consequently
became an advocate of the Proprietary Claims. In 1709 he
served as Captain on the frontiers, at Albany, N. Y., acting,
also, as Commissary. He purchased, Sept. 19, 1713, of
Thomas Barker's widow, •§¦ of ^th of his propriety. In 1718,
he was employed, occasionally, as a surveyor, having pre
viously removed to Amboy, where, the same year, he served
as Sheriff. He died in 1724*
Benjamin Hattee was one of the Memorialists of 1700,
but has left no other record.
John Heeon died, July, 1687, and Jonathan Ogden, with
Roger Lambert administered on his estate, valued at £26.
13. l.f
John Heeeick is known first as an 8s subscriber to Mr.
Harriman's support, in 1694. He was, probably, a member
of the Southampton family. He was a witness, May 28,
1695, to the Will of Thomas Lee4
Zeeah Higgins was from Piscataway. Mrs. Mary Higgins
of Piscataway obtained, Ap. 2, 1677, a warrant for 180 acres,
in right of herself, her deceased husband, Richard, and her son
Eliakim, " & another Right for Zera Higgins." Richard
was at Plymouth, Mass., in 1633, married, Nov. 23, 1634,
Lydia Chandler, and had Jonathan and Benjamin ; removed,
1644, to Eastham, Mass., and was Representative of the town,
1647-51 ; married, Oct. 1651, Mary Yates, and had Mary
(b. Sep. 27, 1652), Eliakim (b. Oct. 20, 1654), William (b.
Dec. 15, 1655), Judah (b. Mar. 5, 1657), Zeruiah (b. June,
* Savage, II. 866. Alb. Eecords, XXXJ.II. 62, 808, 812 ; XL. 86. E. J. Eecords. II. 149-51,
153-5, S, 180, 209, 286; O. 227. E. Town Bill, pp. 84, 6, 7. Howell, pp. 47, 202. Whitehead's
P. Amboy, pp. 53, 86-9.
t Inventories. X Ledger, p. 87. Howell, p. 239. E. J. Eecords.

262 THE HISTORY OF
1658), Thomas (b. Jan. 1661), and Lydia (b. July, 1664).
They emigrated to N. Jersey, about 1670. Zeruiah [Zerah],
after his father's death, came to this town, where he died,
intestate, Dec, 1695, in his 38th year. Richard Baker and
Andrew Hampton administered on his estate, valued at
£134. 15. lOf *
John Hume was a mason, and came over with the Scotch
immigration in 1685, and soon after had a tract of 150 acres
surveyed for him, for which he obtained a patent, Ap. 28,
1686. The land adjoined John Pearce, on the S. side of E.
Town Brook. At his death, the property passed to his three
daughters : Catharine, the wife of John Matthies, of Perth
Amboy ; Jane, the wife of John Brown ; and Hannah, the
wife of Andrew Redford. The title was contested, at a later
date, by claimants under the Town Associates.-)-
John Indes was a poor parishioner of Mr. Harriman, sub
scribing 3s. per annum only to his support, from 1694 to
1699. He was living in 1717, near Winans' Landing, on
the Creek, and just beyond Isaac Hatfield, decd4
George Jewell was one of the early settlers of Piscataway,
N. J., having previously resided at Newtown, L. L, of which
he was, in 1665, one of the Overseers. He was, probably, of
the lineage of Thomas Jewell, who was at Braintree, Mass.,
in 1639. He purchased, Mar. 21, 168T, of Daniel De Hart,
acting for the heirs of Balthazar, all their estate in E. Town.
Four pieces of land, in all, 200 acres, were surveyed for
him ; one, adjoining land of Hendrick Baker and Nathaniel
Bonnell ; another, on the N. side of the Woodbridge road,
adjoining Robert White, Roger Lambert, and John Toe;
and two, of meadow, one of them on the S. side of E. Town
Creek. He was appointed, Mar. 28, 1683, Clerk and Mes
senger of the Court; also, Dec. 3, 1692, County Clerk, and
again, Feb. 15, 1699-1700. Plis death occurred, Aug. 1734.§
Alexandee Keenee [Kinney] was a parishioner of Mr.
Harriman as early as 1694, and was still here in 1709.
* E. J. Eecords, II. 58. Savage, II. 412. Inventories.
t E. J. Eoc, A. 886. E. T. Bill, p. 44, 5. J Ledger, p. 91.
5 Savage. IL MS. Eiker, p. 418. E. T. Bill, pp. 102, 7. E. J. Eecords, II. 69, 78 ; A, US ;
C 18, 176, 838; E.103; O. SS.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 263
At a town meeting, March 11, 170T, Thomas Keenee, also,
subscribed 5s. a year. They were sons of Alexander Keeney,
of Wethersfield, Ct., of which he was a freeman in 1667, and
died there in 1680, leaving his wife, Alice (who died, in
1683), and seven children. Alexander was born in 1662,
and Thomas in 1664. They were neither of them admitted
as Associates.*
John Lamb was one of the Memorialists of 1700, and Sam
uel Lamb was here in 1708. They were, probably, of the
lineage of Thomas Lamb, who came in the Winthrop fleet,
1630, and settled at Roxbury, Mass. The names of John
and Samuel occur frequently among the children and grand
children, f
Petek Latjbensen was licensed, Aug. 30, 1676, to marry
Sophia Mannard, both of this town. He must have been a
Dutchman, and has left no other memorial. The name was
a familiar one at New York.J
Abeaham Laweence was numbered among the 80 Asso
ciates ; but no mention is made of him as a settler at that
early day. He was, doubtless, from Newtown, L. I., and, it
may be, a cousin of Mr. Carteret's children, with whom he
may have come here. In the drawing of the 100-acre lots,
No. 42 fell to hi6 share — the same that was afterwards owned
and occupied by Elder Andrew Hatfield, of Westfield.§
William Leagey, of E. Town, carpenter, made his will (to
which Benjamin Wade and George Jewell were the wit
nesses), November 3, 1683, appointing Thomas Johnson, of
Newark, his Executor, and giving all that he had to Benja
min Wade. The name was, probably, Lggabe, found at Bos
ton as early as 1641, and sometimes written, Leager, and
Leger.| Thomas Lee married, March 14, 167|-, Ann, a daughter of
Robert White, Justice Bollen officiating. Of which of the
numerous families of the name, found at the time in N. Eng
land, he sprang, cannot be told. He was one of Mr. Harri
man's subscribers from the beginning, and died, June, 1695.^f
* Savage, III. 3. Ledger, pp. 27, 141. t lb., p 10. Savage, III. 47
J E. J. E., III. 126. § E. T. Book, B. 8, 17.
1 Savage, III. 6S. E. J. Eecords. I lb. III. 124.

264 THE HISTORY OF
Samuel Leveeidge was owner of land here at an early day.
Wm. Broadwell sold, Oct. 24, 1684, to Capt. Andrew Bowne,
a tract of land, joining Leonard Headley's, formerly Samuel
Leveridge's. If he ever lived here, it was but for a short
time ; as appears from the above record. In 1703 he was
living, with a considerable family in New York City. Though
not mentioned by Riker, he was, doubtless a son of Rev.
William Levericb, of Newtown, L. I.*
Heney Maetain was admitted an Associate in 1695, but
his name nowhere else occurs. He may have been a son of
John Martin, previously of Dover, N. H, one of the founders
of Piscataway, N. J. James Martin, in 1726, was, probably,
his son, of whom the following record is made by John Har
riman, Jr. : " 1726 May the 3 Day James Martin came To
Bord at my House. 1727 August the 19 Leaft my House
and wee never made no agreement how much a Week I
pro mist him to be Low In price will take vp with 4" p weeke
which acount makes 67 weeks and 4 Dayes makes £13. 10. 0
Since I concluded to Take but 3' 6d £11. 16. 6."f
Samuel Matthews, of this town, died in 1695, leaving a
small property, which was appraised, Dec. 17, 1695, at £15.
4. 3, by Richard Baker and Andrew Hampton. He may
have been the son of that Samuel Matthews, who was one of
the founders of Jamaica, L. I., and was living there in 16944
Richaed Mattock [Mattuck, Mattake, Mattocks] was
admitted an Associate in 1695. In 1669, Richard Mattocks,
of New Haven, married Grace, a daughter of Christopher
and Grace Todd, but soon deserted her. This was, doubtless,
the same man. He was here in 1677, and purchased, Dec.
9, 40 acres of John Winans, on the S. side of E. Town Creek ;
also, Mar. 21, 1689-90, of Mary, the widow of Matthias Hat
field, and Cornelius, her son, the 40 acre lot on the W. branch
of the creek, North of the Plain. Nothing further is known
of him. June 21, 1680, Edmund Loftis of Chester river,
Md., assigns 3 years' services of William Madox to John Lit-
,tle of this toM-n. Sept. 14, 16S0, John Little, of E. Town, so-
* E. T. Bill, p. 102. Elker, pp. 850-4. Valentine's N, Y., p 854.
t Savage, III. 162. E. T. Book, B.4S. Ledger, p. 20.
X E. J. Eecords. Maodonnld's Jamaica, pp. 27, 86.

ELIZABETH; NEW JERSEY. 265
licits a " hue and cry " for the recovering of William Mat-
tuke, a runaway servant. A John Mattocks was living, at
the time, in Salem, N. J., and a Lewis Mattix, at Middle-
town, N. J*
John Megie [Mc Gie, Magie, Maggee] was a blacksmith,
and came over from Scotland, during the period of persecu
tion, 1685-7. He became a parishioner of Mr. Harriman, in
1700, subscribing 10s. a year towards his support. He pur
chased land just W. of the town-plot, which, in great part,
his descendants have occupied until now. He was admitted
an Associate in 1699-1700, and drew a hundred-acre lot, be
tween Joseph Sayre and Benjamin Lyon, near the foot of the
mountain. His autograph is found among those of the Asso
ciates in 1729. He died in 1736.f
John Miles was a blacksmith, and came from New Ha
ven, Ct. His grandfather, Richard, was at Milford in 1639,
and settled at New Haven in 1642, where 'he died, Jan. 7,
1667; his son, Capt. John, born, Oct., 1644, married, Ap.
11, 1665, Elizabeth, a daughter of John Harriman, Senr., and
a sister of the Rev. John Harriman, afterwards of this town.
Their eldest son, John, was born, Jan. 9, 1668. The mother
died, Dec. 3, 1674, and the father, Nov. 7, 1704. The' son
followed his uncle Harriman to this town, either in 1687, or
soon after. He was admitted an Associate in 1695. Plis
uncle credits him, Jan. 28, 169f , with " \ the purchase of
John Brockets right in Elizabeth Towne 15'." He charges
him, in 1694, with " £ an acre land yor house stands on.
005. 00. 00 ; " and credits him, May 24, 1703, with " his
dwelling house &c sould to me at 65\ 00". 00V Either this
or his own " house, &c," he had sold, for £80, just one week
before, to Mr. John Blanchard, through whom the payments
were made to Miles. The latter was one of the Memorialists
of 1700. His will was made, Mar. 22, 170-| ; and was proved,
June 15, 1708. His wife, Elizabeth, his sons Leonard and
John, and his daughters, Sarah, Elizabeth and Mary, out
lived him. His son, Leonard (a common name in the Har
riman family), was one of the Associates of 1729. £
* Savage, III. 177; IV. 309. E. J. Eecords, D. 197. Alb. Eecords, XXIX. 185, 215.
t Ledger, p 139. E. T. Book, B. 5, 24. X Ledger, pp. 64. 105. Savage, III. 206.

266 THE HISTORY OF
William Millee [Millae] was a weaver, and is thought to
have been from East Hampton, L. I. John Miller was one of
the founders of that town, and William Miller was residing
there in 1675 and 1683. He was here in 1687, and his annual
subscription to Mr. Harriman's support, in 1694, was 30s, —
more than the average. He was admitted an Associate here
in 1639-1700, and was one of the Memorialists of 1700. He
drew No. 62 of the 100-acre lots, at " the Edg or foot of ye
mountain," adjoining Joseph Lyon, at Scotch Plains. It is
reported, that when he went to reside on this lot, so far away
from the town-plot, " the parting was rendered very solemn by
the expectation, that they should seldom if ever see him again,
the difficulty of passing and repassing seemed so great. But
to their surprise, as they went to the church on the next
Sabbath morning, they found him standing on the steps."
His will bears date, Sep. 22, 1711, and was proved, Oct. 4,
1712. His wife, Hannah, his five sons, Samuel, Richard,
Jonathan, William, and Andrew, and his two daughters,
Sarah (the wife of Peter Elstone, of Woodbridge), and
Hannah (the wife of Daniel Crane), outlived him. The
family have been mostly connected with the Westfield
people.* James Mitchell was an early resident of the town, bnt
was soon removed by death. His wife, Mary, had become
a widow, previous to Mar. 31, 1684, when she purchased of
Richard Beach, his house-lot and improvements. She re
ceived, Ap. 12, 1686, an allotment of 125 acres, which tract
was located on Westbrook near Raway River, and a swamp
or brook head. She died in the early part of 1688, and
Andrew Hampton administered on her estate. Her son,
Jacob, was admitted an Associate in 1699-1700, and drew
No. 107 of the 100-acre lots, on the Woodbridge line, adjoin
ing Francis Barber and Benjamin Price. He was a tailor,
and married Mary a daughter of Robert Morse, Jr. The
father was, probably, the son of Matthew Mitchell, who came
over in 1635, was successively at Charlestown, Concord, and
* E. T. Book, B. 60. Hedge's E, nampton, pp. 4, 6. N. Y. Doc. Hist., II. 441, 641. Hunt-
ting's Westfleld, pp. 8-11.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 267
Springfield, Mass., Saybrook, and Stamford, of Ct. and at
Hempstead ; dying at Stamford, in 1645.*
William Nicholls [Nicoll] was admitted an Associate in
1699, but never became a resident. He had a third lot-right.
As elsewhere stated, he was the well-known lawyer of that
name in New York.
Petee Noe [Nue] was a Huguenot refugee. The name was
originally, it is thought, " Neau." Elias Neau was one of
the founders of the French Church in New York, and em
ployed as a catechist by the Propagation Society, " that good
man." Peter Noe was admitted an Associate in 1695, with
a third lot-right. His son, John, in 1694, was a subscriber
to Mr. Harriman's support, but resided in Middlesex. His
daughter, Mary, became the wife of Jean Tranbles [John
Trembly], of this town, also a Huguenot. The father died in
Dec. 1709. In his Will dated, Dec. 16, 1709, he conveys to
his daughter, a dwelling house, on the corner of New and
Broad streets, New York. He may have been a son of Elias
Neau, and obtained this property by inheritance. f
Paede [Paedev] is the name of one of the original As
sociates, and of one of those for whom a meadow lot was
drawn ; but not the slightest clue has been found to his
identity. .His rights were transferred to Henry Norris. It
may be that George Pardee, of New Haven, who married,
in 1650, Martha Miles (the sister of that John Miles who
married the Rev. John Harriman's sister), designed coining
to this place among the New Haven Colonists, and purchased
a first lot-right, but afterwards concluded to remain at New
Haven.J William Paeent subscribed, at the town meeting, Jan.
18, 169f, 6s annually for Mr. Harriman. Plis name appears
in no other connection. John Parent was at Haddam, Ct.,
1662-86.§ John Peaece had land here as early as 1685. He had
surveyed for him, Ap. 14, 1686, a tract of 50 acres on the S.
* E. J. Eecords, B. 158, 855, L. 71, 3. E. T. Book, B. 26. 8avage, III. 221.
¦t Savage, III. 206, 7, 344. E. Town Book, B. 2. Ledger, p. 149.'
X Ledger, p. 92. N. Y. Doc. His.. III. 113, 125, 9, 428, Berrian's Trinity Chb„ pp. 34-8.
% Ledger, p. 118. Savage, III. 845,

268 THE HISTORY OF
side of E. Town brook, and adjoining John Hume and Wil
liam Redford. He was admitted an Associate in 1699, and
drew No. 130 of the 100-acre lots. He is styled, May 4,
1686, "a planter of E. Town," and yet the same name is con
nected with a survey at Middletown in 1685, and in 1689, a
warrant for 60 acres is given to " John Pearce of Middle-
town." He settled, doubtless, at the latter place.*
Benjamin Pieeson was the son of Henry Pierson, of South
ampton, L. I. Henry must have been of the lineage of Rev.
Abraham Pierson, the first minister, both of Southampton
and Newark. He came to S., either with or a few months
after the pastor. He was town clerk for many years, and a
devout Christian. He died in the autumn of 1680, and his
widow, Mary, administered on his estate (Nov. 8), which was
appraised at £1256. 1. 2. The next summer she became, as
previously stated, the wife of the Rev. Seth Fletcher, of this
town. Her son, Benjamin, accompanied his mother; possibly,
other children, also. Pie was then about 26 years old, and
lived until 1731 +
Samuel Pottee was a grandson of John Potter, one of the
first settlers of New Haven, Ct., 1639, who had two sons
John and Samuel. The latter was baptized, Oct. 17, 1641,
and became one of the early settlers of Newark, N. J. ijohn
remained at New Haven, married, 1661, Hannah, a daughter
of John Cooper, and had a son Samuel, born, Jan. 2, 1675.
This may have been the Samuel Potter of this town. But,
more probably j)^t was the son of Samuel of Newark, that
settled here, locating at Connecticut Farms. He appears to
have been born in 1672 or 3, being in his 84th year when he
died, Feb. 5, 1756. He became a subscriber to Mr. Harri
man's support in 1700. A tract of 60 acres was " laid out "
for him, May 8, 1701, by John Harriman, Jr., Town Sur
veyor, adjoining John Littell, Jeremiah Osborn, Thomas
Keeney, Robert Woolley and Samuel Clarke. In 1720- he was
chosen one of the Town Committee. His autograph appears
in the List of Associates in 1729. A tract of 414J acres, at
the foot of the second mountain, by the side of an old mine,
* E, J. Rocords, L. 72, 116. O. 25. t Howell, p. 263. N. York Wills, II. 61-4.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 269
and on the E. side of Green River, between the two moun
tains, was laid out for him, Feb. 26, 173|. He was a Justice
of the Peace, and one of the first Elders of the Presbyterian
Church at Connecticut Farms.* ':»« a'. s«~~.J 'wy u*,-tt~& sC
Andeise Peioegaee bought, June 29, 1687, of Jonas Wood,
a tract of 100 acres. The name nowhere else occurs, either
in the Records of this" town, or in any other American docu
ments as far as known.f
John Radley was a 6s subscriber to Mr. Harriman in 1694.
John Ratliffe was married, Aug. 6, 1681, to Elizabeth,
daughter of Nicholas Carter; probably the same person, and
possibly the son of William, of Stamford, Ct. Among the
soldiers in the Fort at Albany, who took the oath, Nov. 10,
1689, to William and Mary, was John Radecliffe. In the
Borough Charter, Feb. 8, 17fg-, John Radley, Sen1., was
named as one of the Overseers of the Poor, and John Radley,
Jr., one of the Assessors of the Town.*.
Nathaniel Raulins, was residing here, Oct. 10, 1691,
when he made his Will (witnessed by Thomas Mulliner and
his son-in-law, William Chamberlain), in which mention is
made of his eldest son, wife, and daughter, but their names
are not given. The Will was entered, June 11, 1707. He
was, probably, of the lineage of Nathaniel, of Roxbury,
Mass.§ William Redeoed obtained a patent, Jan. 14, 169f , for 150
acres of land on E. Town brook, adjoining Benjamin Wade,
John Hume and John Pearce, "in Right of Head Land, for
himself, his Wife, and seven Children." They, probably,
came over directly from England to this place. The plot was
occupied by himself and his son Andrew ; but the title was
contested, as against the grandson John, claiming by Proprie
tary grant, on the part of John Maxfield and Joseph Willis,
claiming under the Indian Title, fl
William Richaedson was a man in humble condition,
who had died before Aug. 6, 1696, when his goods were ap-
• Savage, III. 466. Newark Bicentenary, p. 149. Ledger, p. 123. E. T. Book, B. 88, 40.
t E. J. Eecords, B. 132.
X E. J. Eecords, III. 170. Murray's Notes, p. 32. Ledger, p. 85. Savage, III. 609.
§ lb., III. 309. E. J. Records. > 0 E. T. Bill, p. 44.

270 THE HISTORY OF
praised by Isaac Whitehead and John Hinds, at £5. 18. 9.
His annual subscription in 1694, to Mr. Harriman, was 3s.*
William Robinson was a physician, residing in the Rah
way neighborhood. He came here as early as 1685, pur
chased land of John Toe, and had surveyed for him, Ap. 1,
1686, a tract of 700 acres, on the N. side of the Woodbridge
line, and " on the Branch of Raway River called Robinson's
Branch," adjoining Joseph Frazee, Richard and John Clarke,
George and John Alexander, William Piles, Simon Rouse
and Thomas Rudyard. He bought of John Toe, Sep. 12,
1688, another plot of 40 acres on the W. branch of Rahway
River. In 1692, he obtained a survey of 550 acres in Mon
mouth Co., "in full of his Share of the first Division." He
had purchased, Feb. 7, 168f, of Robert Burnet, one of the
so called Proprietors, one-fourth of one forty-eighth of a Pro
priety. He was one of the witnesses to the Will of Mrs.
Rouse, Jan. 17, 169f, when his name appears as "William
Roberfeon, Doctor of Medicine." But his own Will, dated
May 18, 1693, has it " William Robmson, Doctor of Physick."
His death occurred soon after. His estate was appraised,
June 2, 1693, by Andrew Hampton and John Winans (whose
son married his daughter, Ann), at £250. 15. 3. He was,
doubtless, of the Scotch immigration.-)-
Robeet Rogees and the widow Anna Ailward, both of E.
Town, were married, Nov. 26, 1675, by Justice Bollen. He
was the son of Robert, of Newbury, Mass., was born there,
Ap. 20, 1650, came, at 20 years of age, or before, to Wood-
bridge, N. J., and obtained, Dec. 30, 1670, a patent for 91
acres of land there. He had died, probably, in 16S2, and his
widow was married, Aug. 1685, to Peter Dessigny, " Chirur
geon " of Woodbridge, who had, a few months before, Feb.
11, 168|-, purchased of Samuel Marsh, his saw-mill at Rah
way. It is quite likely that both Rogers and Dessigny lived
along the line between the two towns.*.
Obadiah Sale was a cooper, and resided at Southampton,'
* Ledger, p. 89. E. J. Eecords.
t E. J, Records, B. ; L. 68, 82 ; O. 98, 96. E. Town Bill, p. 85.
t lb., p. 101. E.J. Eecords, III. 120; A. 418. Savage, III. 568. Whitehead's P. Amboy,
pp. 856, 7, 867.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 271
L. I., in 1678, at which time he bought, of William Russell,
the lot now used as a burying-ground at the N. end of the
town. He sold it soon afterwards and removed to Boston,
his former home, of which he became a freeman in 1681, and
where (1681-4), he had four children born. He was, doubt
less, the son of Edward (born 1611), who came from London
in 1635, and resided at Salem. Ephraim, of Boston, for
whom his own son was named, was his brother. He was
admitted an Associate in 1699-1700, and drew No. 6, of the
100-acre lots, between Deacon George Ross and Ephraim
Clarke. He was one of the Memorialists of 1700. His an
nual subscription to Mr. Harriman was 15s., commencing
about 1690, or before. He probably removed from Boston,
soon after his 4th child was born, 1684.*
Alexandee Scott, of this town, made his Will, July 8,
1700, to which Thomas Akin and Samuel Whitehead were
witnesses. He had died before Sep. 17, when the Will was
entered for Probate. He was, probably, the son of John
Scott, who came from Hartford, Ct., about 1660, to North
ampton, L. I. ; and spoke so disrespectfully of Chas. IL, in
Ap. or May, 1664, that he was carried a prisoner to Hart
ford, Ct., heavily fined and disfranchised.*
Robeet Smith was the first of that common name among
the early settlers of the town. He, too, was probably from
Northampton, the old home of John Ogden. Richard Smith
was chosen a freeman of Southampton in 1648. Robert was
a resident, in 1675, of Brookkaven, L. I. He was here as
early as 1687, and subscribed, at that time, £1. 0. 0. to
Mr. Harriman's support. He was a merchant and planter.
Dec. 26, 1699, he was appointed High Sheriff of the County.
Mention is made of his " negro man." Mr. Harriman credits
him, Nov. 7, 1695, with "killing a hogge & cutting it out, Is.,"
and, " Ap. 23, 1699 p plowing my garden him self & horse,
Is. 6." He died intestate, and his widow, Sarah, was quali
fied, May 10, 1705, as Administratrix.*.
* Savage, IV. 5. Howell, pp. 158, 9, 190, 807. E. T. Book, B. 13. " M' Daniel Sale,
M'ch'," a son of Obadiah, is charged, by Mr. Harriman, in Oct. 1704, with " my fee alowed by
him for marrying him ; 0. 6. 9." Ledger, pp. 53. 106.
t E. J. Records. Howell, pp. 279-800. Savage, IV. 33.
X Howell, pp. 32, 90. N. Y. Doc. History, II. 469.

272 THE HISTORY OF
Josiah Stanboeough [Stansbeough, Stanbeeey, Stanbuey]
was from Southampton, L. I. His father, Josiah, was at Lynn,
Mass., in 1637, and soon removed to Southampton, of the
founding of which he was one of the original " undertakers."
He died in 1659. His son, Josiah, married, July 24, 1670,
Admah, a daughter of Thomas Chatfield, of E. Hampton, had
7 children born at Southampton (1670-87), and soon after
removed to this town. He was admitted anAssociate in 1695,
but his name is not found in Mr. Harriman's Ledger, begin
ning with 1694. His death must, therefore, have occurred
soon after this date. Mention is made, in 1711, of the " widow
Sarah Stanbrow." The family located at Rahway.*
William Steayheaen [Steaheen] as his name indicates,
came with the Scotch immigrants. He was here in 1694,
and was admitted an Associate in 1699-1700, and was one of
the Memorialists of 1700. He drew No. 152 of the 100-acre
lots, in 1700, near the Rahway river, and adjoining Henry
Norris. He was appointed a Constable, Feb. 12, 171-f- ; and
again, the next two years. He died in 1733. His house was
near Morse's Landing. +
Samuel Stueeidge [Steeeidge] was here before 1678, and
had a house-lot E. of Mrs. Hopkins, not particularly described.
He resided at the time of making his Will, Ap. 10, 1683, at
Rahway, but had land on the Mill river. The witnesses to
his Will were James Emott and J. Thwinton. He was
probably unmarried, as he gave all his property to Joseph
Hart of Rahway. William Sterridge, who died inte.state,
Dec, 1705, was, probably, his brother.*,
Thomas Teeeill was a blacksmith, and came here from
Southold, L. I., where, in 1675, he had a considerable estate.
He was, probably, the son of Roger Terrill [Tyrrel], one of
the founders of Milford, Ct., in 1639. He bought of William
Cramer, Aug. 19, 1696, a plot of land in this town, to which
he then, or soon after, removed. His name is not found
among Mr. Harriman's parishioners. He died in 172o.§
* Lowis' Lynn, pp. 64, 6, 103. Howell, pp. 15, 27, 89, 280. Ct. Col Rec, I. 363.
t E. T. Book, B. 84. Ledger, p. 93. E. J. Records. J lb., II. 105.
§ N. Y. Doc His., II. 464. Savage, IV. 263. Barber's Ct., p. 281. Lambert's N. Haven,
p. 90. E. T. Book, B. 67.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 273
John Thomas, a tailor, was one of the Memorialists of
1700. It was he, probably, who, in 1675, and 1683, was
living at Brookhaven, L. I., and may have been the son of
John of New Haven, Ct. His name occurs among those of
the N. Y. people who accompanied Capt. Milburn's expedi
tion to Albany, April, 1690. His land adjoined William
Brown, near Samuel Scott. He died in December, 1712,
leaving his wife, " Fiftie," and five children, Elias, Edward,
Margaret, David, and Esther.*
Geoege Thoep was a son-in-law of George Pack of this
town, having married his daughter, Elizabeth, who had died
in 1704. He was a parishioner of Mr. Harriman from 1694
to 1697, subscribing 5s. yearly. He was, doubtless, a son of
Thomas Thorpe, Senr., of Woodbridge, whither, probably,
after his wife's death, he returned.-)-
John Toe was a weaver, and came here from Newtown,
L. I., as early as 1677. Samuel Toe was one of the founders
and principal men of that town. The name (erroneously
thought, by Savage, to be a mistake for Coe) appears origi
nally to have been "Tew," — Lawrence's Neck having for
merly been called " Tew's Neck," where Mrs. Gov. Carteret
resided with her first husband. It is likely, therefore, that
John Toe, of this town, was the grandson of Richard Tew, of
Newport, R. I., who came over from Warwick Co., Eng., in
1640. He married, Oct. 9, 1679, Lydia, a daughter of Robert
Morse. He purchased, Sep. 1, 1677, of Wm. Cramer, 115
acres including his house-lot ; also, Feb. 6, 168f, of Joseph
Frazee, 40 acres ; Aug. 25, 1686, other lands of Jonas Wood.
He sold, Ap. 27, 1683, a plot of ground to Samuel Groome;
also, Jan. 27, 168^-, two house-lots in the town to Dennis
Morris ; also, Sep. 12, 1688, to Dr. Wm. Robinson, the 40
acres bought of Jonas Wood. He died, in 1689, and his
widow, the following year, her estate having been appraised,
Jan. 25, 16ff, by Deacon George Ross and John Littell, at
£84. 10. 04
* N. Y. Doc. His., II. 216, 468, 582. Savage, IV. 280.
t Ledger, p. 83. Whitehead's P. Amboy, p. 357.
X Savage, IV. 270, 309. Biker, pp. 38, 48, 2S3. E. J. Records, I. 109; III. 159; A. 27;
B. 22, 46, 382, 890.18

274 THE HISTORY OF
Richaed Townley took up his abode here as early as 1684.
He was the 8th son of Nicholas Townley, of Littleton, Eng.,
and of Joanna White, of Northain, Sussex Co., Eng. He
was one of the very few whose lineage can be traced back in
their old-world home. He was descended, through Nicholas,
Richard, Nicholas, Francis, and Nicholas, from John Town-
ley, A. D, 1400. The pedigree extends back to the days of
William the Conqueror. No other family in the town had a
higher social position. Col. Richard, of this town, came over
in the suite of Francis Howard, Lord Effingham, Governor of
Virginia, in 1683, and, soon after, coming to New York, he
concluded to try his fortunes in this town. His father, it is
said, had squandered his estate. But the son had not been
long here, before he had made himself so agreeable to Mrs.
Gov. Carteret, as to receive herself and fortune, in 1685, by
marriage. He had, probably, been married in early life ;
and Mary Townley, who married Mrs. Carteret's eldest son,
Joseph Lawrence, is thought to have been his daughter. It
is not certain, but quite likely, that his daughter, Mrs.
Shackmaple, was also, by a former marriage. As Mrs. Car
teret's first marriage took place in 1664, she must have been
about 40 years of age, at the time of her third marriage.
Col. Townley received his military title after coming
hither, having been appointed " Captain of the Train Bands,"
Dec. 10, 1686, and Col. before 1691. He was made one of Lord
Neill Campbell's Council in Oct. 1686. He adhered to the
Stuart dynasty in the Revolution of 1688-9, and became so
obnoxious to the ruling powers, that Leisler of New York,
Feb. 21, 16-||-, ordered his arrest. When the change of admin
istration took place, Townley was requested, March 14, 169f,
to march his company to the city, for the subjugation of
Leisler and his forces. In 1692, though a resident of New
Jersey, he was appointed one of the Council of Fletcher,
Governor of New York ; and, in 1697, one of the Earl of Bel-
lomont's Council. The next year, however, he was suspend
ed, Sep. 28, 1698, for non-residence; for, says the Earl, "he
formerly refused to be of the Council], and never has come
near the Councill in Colonel Fletcher's time or mine, besides

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 275
his constant residence in East Jersey." Almost wholly by
his means, St. John's Church was gathered soon after the
beginning of the 18th century; his own house having been
the home of the first Episcopal missionaries, and the place
for their Sabbath services. The Church-lot was his gift, and
his was the principal contribution towards the building of
the house of worship. He was one of the Justices of the
Peace, and, at the time of his decease, April, 1711, he was
Presiding Judge of the Quarter Sessions.*
Heney Walvin subscribed 3s. a year, in 1694, for Mr.
Harriman, and was here in July, 1696. Nothing more is
known of him.f
John Waeeen, of this town, married, Jan. 24, 16-J-j}-, by the
help of Justice Bollen, Miss Grace Whitehead, daughter of
Isaac Whitehead, Senr. He died childless, between March
12, 169^, and March 28th following. Geoege Waeeen, of
whom nothing further is known, probably a brother of
John, died here in Sept. 1697, and his property was apprais
ed, Oct. 1, 1697, by Richard Townley and Andrew Hampton,
at £143. 10. 04
Samuel Williams was one of the Memorialists of 1700,
together with his son, Joseph. He was then a new comer,
as his name is found in no earlier document. He was the
son of Matthew Williams, of Wethersfield, Ct., and the
brother of Matthew, who settled at Newark, N. J. He was
born in 1653, and married Esther, a daughter of Nathaniel
Wheeler, of Newark. He died in 1706, leaving five sons,
Joseph, Samuel, Nathaniel, David, and Josiah ; and three
daughters Susannah, Sarah, and Hester. His wife is not
* Littell, p. 432. N. Y. Doc. His., II. 74, 336. N. Y. Col. Docmts., III. 653, 701, 16, 5e,
81S ; IV. 284, 298, 399, 620; V. 204, 835, 8, 355. Clark's SUohn's Chh., pp. 16, 19, 26, 35, 89.
E. J. Eecords, H. 2, p. 348. Lawrence Genealogy, pp. 139, 149. Depositions are on file,
dated Oct. 5, 1691, in one of which, Serjeant Isaac Whitehead testifies, "that he saw, in April,
1690, John Tnnison and Segar Garrison roll several barrels of beef and pork ont of the goose
house belonging to Mr. Townley, and sell some of it to old Mr. Whitehead for drink." In
another, Joseph Whitehead testifies, " that he saw John Tunison, Jaoues Bullion, John Gema-
dick, Lawrence Jansen, Dorick Cruise, Thomas Morgan, and Segar Garrison roll ont of the
goose house of Mr. Townley several barrels of beef and pork as above." Three other deposi
tions, by Benjamin Meeker, Richard Townley, and Benjamin Wade, in relation to the same
transaction, follow. These men were either servants or soldiers. Alb. Records, XXXVIII.
36-40. t Ledger, p. 90. J E. J. Records,'III. 157.

276 THE HISTORY OF
named in his Will, and had, probably, died before. The
family located on the Westfield road, and gave the name of
" Williams' Farms," to the locality, several of the name still
occupying portions of the old plantation.*
Samuel Willis came here from Newark, where he was
living as early as Feb. 1684, when he obtained a warrant for
land. At the time, of his decease, in 1696, he was residing
in this town. His estate was appraised, July 21, 1696, by
William Looker, Jr., and Samuel Carter, at £96. 17. 0. His
son, John, was one of the Memorialists of 1700. The father's
name appears among the Associates of 1699-1700, and No.
114 of the 100-acre lots was drawn in his right, " at the
Edg of the ash Swamp," latterly the property of Jonathan
Littelkf Joseph Wilson was the son of Samuel, a wealthy merchant
of New York. The father came to New York, soon after the
English conquest in 1664. He resided on the S. side of Wall,
near Pearl sts., where he owned considerable property. He
may have been at New Haven, Ct., in 1644, and removed in
1649 to Fairfield, where a Samuel Wilson is found in 1654.
The Rev. Mr. Peck, of this town, formerly of New Haven,
was, probably, an old acquaintance of Mr. Wilson, the latter
having purchased, for £30., of Mr. Peck, June 17, 1675, his
properly and rights in Newark, and receiving, in his right,
the next day, a warrant for 180 acres. The mother of his
children having been removed by death, he married Eliza
beth North, of N. York, the ceremony having been per
formed, Ap. 29, 1679, by Justice Bollen, at the Governor's
house in this town.
Mr. Peck having, in the autumn of 167S, removed to
Greenwich, Ct., induced Mr. Wilson to purchase, Oct. 23,
1679, his property here also. Thus it was, that his son, Jo
seph, became a resident of this town, Mr. Peck's house
having come into his father's possession. Joseph appears to
have established here a branch of the N. York house, as may
readily be gathered from the Ledger of his pastor, Mr. Har-
* Savage, IV. 499, 564. Newark Blcontonary, pp. 183, 152. Newark Eecords, pp. 50, 6.
t E. J. Eecords, L. 71, 187.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 277
riman. He is there particularized as Mr. Joseph Wilson,
and, next to Mr. Henry Lyon's, his is the honor shared with
John and Jonathan Ogden, of the largest annual contribu
tion (£3), to the minister's support. The father, Samuel,
made large purchases, May 18, 1681, also, of Nicholas Car
ter, in this town. Having served, as Alderman of the City,
1679, '80, '82, and, as Assistant, 1684, '86, he died in 1689,
leaving his property mostly to his two sons, Joseph and Eb
enezer. Joseph continued to add to his possessions here, purchas
ing, Oct. 13, 1689, (soon after his father's death), of Stephen
Osborn, two house-lots, 12 acres, in the town plat. He was
admitted an Associate in 1695, with a, five right 'lot, the only
one of whom as much is recorded. He disappears from the
Records after 1699, either by death, or removal to New
York. Capt. Ebenezer, his brother, came into possession, as
early as 1693, of John Ogden's Mill, already noticed, possi
bly by foreclosure of Ogden's mortgage to Mr. Steenwyck,
of which Mr. Ogden's son Benjamin and Rev. Mr. Harriman
became Joint Lessees, at the annual rate of about £24, for
seven years. Capt. Ebenezer succeeded to his father's busi
ness in N. York, was Assistant Alderman from 1690 to 1694,
was one of the first Vestrymen, in 1697, of Trinity Church,
and Mayor of the City, in Cornbury's time, from 1707 to 1709.
Sometime subsequent to the allotment of 1700, he was ad
mitted an Associate of this town with a second-lot right.*
Robert Woolley was from Southampton, L. I. He was
at Fairfield, Ct, in 1649 ; but in 1653 removed to Southamp
ton, where, from 1657 to 1683, he was living on Main st.,
next to Mr. James Hampton. Possibly it may have been a
son of this Robert, that removed to this town, where his name
first appears as an Associate in 1699, and a Memorialist in
1700. He drew No. 69 of the 100-acre lots, between Wil
liam Plill and Abraham Hatfield, not far from the foot of the
mountain. John, William, and Edward Woolley, the sons,
doubtless, of Emanuel of Newport, R. I., were at Shrews-
* Savage, IV. 588. E. J. Records, I. 47; II. 3, 114; III. 157; IV. 84. D. 178, 195. E. T.
Book, B. 48. Ledger, pp. 47, 120. Valentine's N. Y. Manual 'for 1853, p. 402. Berrian's
Trinity Chh., pp. 15, 17, 22.

278 THE HISTORY OF
bury, N. J., as early as 1685. It is not known how, if at all,
the two families were related to each other.*
John Ween is known only by his death. Letters of Ad
ministration were granted, Aug. 3, 1687, to " Edward Gay,
Doct' of Physick," on the Estate of " John Wren of Eliza
beth Town, Deceased." f
These were all the new comers since the period of the
Dutch rule, of which any mention has been found. Many
of these would have escaped detection, but for the old Ledger
of the worthy pastor, Mr. Harriman ; whence, also, many
particulars have been gleaned touching individual pursuits,
and domestic relations, together with a variety of minor mat
ters, such as prices current, shedding much light on that re
mote period of the town's history. Doubtless a complete
record of the inhabitants of the town during its first forty
years would include some, who came hither and remained
for a season, but soon passed away, leaving no memorial of
their residence. Others were day-laborers, aiding in the cul
tivation of the soil ; or craftsmen serving as apprentices or
journeymen ; or boatmen, occupied in navigating the numer
ous small craft, which even at that early day were found in
these waters. Of negroes there were not a few — some in al
most every family ; while here and there, a " poor Indian "
also, was held in bondage and served as a menial.
The following Record, from the lost Town Book, appears
in Book B. :
At a Meeting of the freeholders of Elizabeth Town, October ye 20th
Anno 1699. The following Conclusions were Made (viz.)
Imp" By a Unanimous Vote of the freeholders aforesd it was and is
Agreed and Concluded that if any have been at Charges in the Clearing
and fencing of Land which no Particular Purchases in the whole of this
Township Can Justly Claim a Mile or More out of the Town plott Shall
have So much there where he has So fenced and Cleared as is Sufficient to
make a plantation (Provided always that the Possor, or Setler of all Such
Lands have a Real Right in the whole of this Township by Purchase and
also that Such have not Taken up more then there proportion of the
whole or if nearer shall have a Sufficient field."
* Savage, IV. 648. E. J. Rioords.L. 26, 1S6; 0. 96, 147. Howell, pp. 30, 804. N. Y. Doc
Ills., II, 687. . t E. J. Records, B. 183.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 279
This minute was recorded in the original Elizabeth Town
book of Records, pp. 14, 15, out of which it was copied,
Aug. 24, 1711, and ordered to be entered in the New Book,
June 2, 1747*
The conflict between the Basse and Hamilton factions, and
the anarchy consequent, were terminated, at length, by the
final and unconditional surrender, Ap. 15, 1702, on the part
of the so-called Proprietors, of all claim and right to the
jurisdiction of the Province. Then, in reality, New Jersey,
for the first time, became a Royal Province, governed no
longer by a Company of Land Speculators, but directly by
the Crown. King William died, Mar. 8, 170f, and Anne,
Princess of Denmark, ascended the throne. A royal Gover
nor of the combined Provinces, New York and New Jersey,
was appointed, Dec. 5, 1702, in the person of Edward Hyde,
Lord Viscount Cornbury, cousin to her Majesty. In May,
1703, on the arrival of the royal commission, the Proprietary
Government of East Jersey was brought to a perpetual end.
* E. Town Book, B., 24, o. e.

280 THE HISTORY OF

CHAPTER XIIT.
A. D. 1682-1107.
Ecclesiastical — Pastorate of Rev. John Harriman — Introduction of Episcopacy
by Rev. Geo. Keith — Pastorate of Rev. Samuel Meljen — First Episcopal
Missionary, Rev. John Brooke — Erection of St. John's Church.
At the decease of the Rev. Seth Fletcher, in August, 1682,
the people of this town were left without the stated ministra
tions of the sanctuary. Nor was it easy to obtain a com
petent person to fill the vacancy. The Quaker administra
tion came into power, three months after Mr. Fletcher's
decease, and the tide of immigration from Scotland began to
set in. In the letters written home by the exiles, as has been
seen, one of the chief, and almost the only one of the, com
plaints made, is the dearth of ministers. It became necessary
to resort to " Deacon Meetings," as referred to in 1684 by
Watson : " And now the people they meet together every
Sabbath day, and Read and Pray, and sing Psalms in their
Meeting-houses." At that time, there was no settlea. preacher
"within all the Province of East Jersey, except one who"
was " Preacher in Newark," Abraham Pierson. John Allen
was at Woodbridge, but had ceased to supply the pulpit.*
Possibly Mr. Allen, of whose " good abilities," after more
" experience," the Woodbridge people were not as confident
as at first, may have been occasionally employed here. But
nowhere, in any accessible document, has any intimation
been found, by which it can be determined, how or by whom
the pulpit was supplied during the five years next succeed
ing Mr. Fletcher's death. At length, in 1687, they united
in a call to the
* Soot's Model of E. J., pp. 199, 200. Whitehead's P. Amboy, pp. 883, 4.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 281
REV. JOHN HARRIMAN.
This worthy minister of the gospel was a native of New
Haven, Ct., the associate, in his boyhood, of many of the
more youthful of the early settlers of this town. His father,
John, was at New Haven, in 1646, and soon after was mar
ried to Elizabeth  , and had two children : — John, bap
tized, January 24, 164| ; and Elizabeth, baptized, July 23,
1648. He was put in charge of the town-ordinary, of which
he was the keeper many years. He was, also, a respected
member of the Church.
His only son, John, was trained from childhood under the
eye of that rigid old Puritan, the Rev. John Davenport, by
whom he had been baptized. The old pastor, finding him
apt to learn, encouraged him to seek, and his father to give
him, a liberal education. In his 13th year, he came under
the instruction of his townsman, Mr. Jeremiah Peck, at that
time, principal of the grammar-school at New Haven, and
afterwards the first pastor of this town. At the age of fifteen,
he was sent to the college at Cambridge, Ms., to be educated
under the supervision of the Rev. Charles Chauncy. He
graduated in 1667, in the same class with Gershom Hobart,
and one year in advance of Abraham Pierson, Jr., and John
Prudden. After his graduation, he returned to New Haven, and
taught the Hopkins grammar school, several years, being
occasionally employed as a preacher at New Haven, East
Haven, and Wallingford, Ct. During the life-time of the
Rev. Mr. Street, he had probably preached for him occasion
ally at New Haven; and at his death, Ap. 22, 1674, he was
frequently called upon to supply the vacant pulpit. In the
latter part of that year, or the early part of the next, he went
over to Southampton to preach as a candidate for the pulpit,
made vacant by the decease, in 1674, of the Rev. Robert
Fordham. He accepted their call, and was put in possession
of the parsonage, " upon termes ye towne and he hath agreed
on," April 12, 1675. Early in 1676, he returned to New
Haven, and, in July of that year, became the stated supply

282 THE HISTORY OF
of the pulpit in his native town. He continued there until
1682, preaching most of the time ; but the people were
divided between him and Mr. Joseph Taylor, who preached
a part of the time, from 1676 to 1679, and was then settled
at Southampton.
In 1682, the East Haven people appointed a Committee to
" goe to Mr. Harriman, and treat with him, and desire his
help in the Ministry amongst " them, " and further, to give
him an invitation to a settlement in the work of the ministry."
They agreed to give him £50, for his support — "current
money with the merchant." In November 1683, they gave
him a formal call, and resolved to build at once a house for
the minister, 36 ft. long, of 2 stories; for which they sub
scribed £104. 10. 0. The house, however, was not built, and
Mr. Harriman remained with them but a short time longer.
In October 1684, he was associated with Robert Vauquel
lin, [" Vorklain "], in running the boundary line between
New York and Connecticut, having been appointed Surveyor,
for this pui-pose, by the General Court, at Hartford, May 8th,
1684. It is probable, therefore, that he had been previously
employed, and perhaps, for years, occasionally, as a Practical
Surveyor. Vauquellin had long been so employed in East
Jersey, and it is not likely, that in an affair of so much im
portance, any but the most skillful surveyor would be ap
pointed on the part of Connecticut. In occupations of this
kind, he was, probably, employed for a year or two, when
his steps were directed hither — possibly by Vauquellin him
self. He had many old friends here, as also had the South
ampton people. It is not strange, therefore, that his name
should have been suggested, and a desire expressed to hear
him. He was installed the pastor of this Church, most
probably, September 30th, 1687, as appeal's from the follow
ing memorandum in his Ledger, under date of Nov. 1, 1694 :
" we Reckoned & my 7th year payd wch ended 7 br 30th last
pceeding this date." All his reckonings with his parishioners
are from the same date. Gov. Lawrie lived a few days only
after his coming. The Quaker rule had ceased a year before,
and the Scotch were now in power. Lord Campbell had

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 283
returned home, but Hamilton, his deputy, was also Scotch,
and, doubtless, a Presbyterian.
Mr. Harriman married, as early as 1673, Hannah, a
daughter of Richard Bryan, of Milford, Ct. She was born
in 1654, and her twin sister, Mary, was married (1.) to John
Maltby, of New Haven, and (2.) to a Mr. Howell, of Long
Island, probably Edward of Southampton. Another sister,
Frances, was married to Joseph Treat of Milford ; and yet
another, Sarah, married (1.) Samuel Fitch, and (2.) Mungo
Nisbett, whose name appears in his old Ledger. Mr. Bryan,
as his father had been before him, was the richest man in
Milford. Six children had been born to Mr. Harriman, when
he came, in his 40th year, to this town. John was his eldest
son, (born 1674), and, like his father, became eminent as a
land surveyor. Samuel was born, June 25, 1676 ; Ann,
July 5, 1678 ; Mary, in 16S0 ; Leonard, in 1683 ; and Richard,
in 1685. Three sons were born to him here. His family
having increased since his settlement, and his salary being
only £60 a year, he applied, in 1692, to the Proprietors, for
a grant of land, in consideration, also, of his having " ex
pended large sums in purchasing and improving." He re
ceived a grant of one hundred acres.*
He was evidently a man of great exactness, a trait of char
acter greatly promoted by his occasional practice of the art
of surveying. Soon after his entering on the pastoral work
here, he opened an account with every one of the subscri
bers to his support ; noting carefully the amount of the sub
scription, arid the times of payment ; specifying by whom
and to whom (in many cases) the sum was paid ; whether in
cash, or otherwise ; whether in merchandise or services ren
dered. These accounts were kept in two books; the first
covering the period from 1687 to 1693 ; the second, from
1694 to 1705. The first of these books is lost ; the second is
preserved, having been presented to Rev. John McDowell,
some sixty years since, by Mr. William Harriman, the grand
son of the old pastor. Several particulars of much interest,
* Savage, I. 261-2 ; II. 358. Bacon's New Haven, pp. 158-60, 810. Howell's Southampton,
pp. 104-5, 182. Whitehead's E. J., p. 168. E. J. Records. Dodd's E. Haven Register, pp.
60-1. N. Y. Col. Docmts., IV. 630-2.

284

THE HISTORY OF

illustrative of the town-history, have been gathered from
this venerable and well-preserved folio. A list of subscri
bers to bis support in the year 1694, is given in the margin,
in the order in which their accounts are entered.*

#

S. b. d.

£. s. d.

Mr. Henry Lyon,

8. 10. 0

Nicholas Baker,

0. 10. 0

Deacon George Eoss,

1. 10. 0

Abraham Baker,

0. 5. 0

Daniel Ross,

0. 10. 0

Obadiah Sales,

0. 15. 0

James Hinds,

0. 35. 0

John Ross,

0. 10. 0

David Woodruff,

0. 10. 0

Capt. John Baker,

0. 15. 0

John Parker,

1. 0. 0

John Meaker,

0. 12. 0

William Browne,

1. 10. 0

Richard Clarke, Jr.,

0. 6. 0

Deacon Jonathan Ogden,

3. 0. 0

Ebenezer Lyon,

0. 10. 0

Mr. John Ogden,

3. 0. 0

John Clarke,

0. 6. 0

Widow Hannah Lyon,

1. 10. 0

John Hinds.

0. 12. 0

Joseph Lyon,

0. 18. 0

Nathaniel Tuttle,

1. 0 0

Benjamin Lyon,

0. 15. 0

Thomas Thompson,

0. 6. 0

Mr. Isaac Whitehead,

0. 10. 0

George Pack,

0. 10. 0

Joseph Osborne,

1. 0. 0

John Miles,

0. 15. 0

Nathaniel Bunnell,

1. 10. 0

John Pope,

0. 8.0

Nathaniel Bunnell, Jr.,

0. 6. 0

Jonas Wood,

0. 12. 0

Nathaniel Lyon,

0. 35. 0

Jonathan Clement,

0. 10. 0

Moses Thompson,

1 0. 0

John Looker,

• 0. 1. 6

Mr. John Woodruff,

2. 0. 0

Jeremiah Crane,

0. 6. 0

Henry Norris,

2. 0. 0

Stephen Crane,

0. 15. 0

Mr. Benjamin Ogden,

1. 10. 0

William Hill,

0. 10. 0

Benjamin Meeker,

1. 10. 0

Roger Lambert,

0. 6. 0

Mr. Benjamin Price, Jr.,

1. 10. 0

Ebenezer Spinning,

0. 6. 0

Robert Smith,

1. 0. 0

Joseph Halsey,

0. 6. 0

Robert Moss,

1. 0. 0

John Lambert,

0. 6. 0

Benjamin Pierson,

0. 18. 0

John Gold,

0. 12. 0

Alexander Keenee,

0. 10. 0

James Crighton,



Joseph Woodruff,

0. 12. 0

George Jewell,

1. 0. 0

Benjamin Trotter,

0. 6. 0

Jeremiah Osborn,

0. 6. 0

Joseph Sayer,

1. 0. 0

Edward Frazee,

0. 8. 0

Thomas Price,

0. 15. 0

William Looker, Jr.,

0. 4. 0

Ephraim Price, »

0. 10. 0

Joseph Ffrazee,

1. 0. 0

Capt. Daniel Price,

0. 15. 0

George Thorp,

0. 5. 0

John Prioe,

0. 6. 0

Charles Tooker, Jr.,

0. 1. 0

Mr. Benjamin Price,

1. 0. 0

John Radley, ,

0. 6. 0

Aaron Thompson,

0. 15. 0

Shamgar Barnes,

0. 8. 0

Mary & John Thompson,

1. 5. 0

John Herrick,

0. 8. 0

John Winans,

1. 10. 0

William Richardson,

0. 3. 0

Widow Mary Bond,

0. 5. 0

Henry Walvin,

0. 8.0

Joseph Whitehead,

0. 10. 0

John Indes,

0. 8. 0

Richard Clarke,

1. 0. 0

John Nuee,

0. 8. 0

Cornelius & Mary Hatfleld,

1. 10. 0

William Strahern,

0. 6. 0

Nathaniel Whitehead,

0. 6. 0

William Oliver,

0. 5.0

Thomas Loe,

0. 6. 0

Samuel Oliver,

0. 6. 0

William Millar,

1. 10. 0

William Oliver, Jr.,

0. 6. 0

Jeoffrey Jones,

0. 10. 0

Joshua Clarke,

0. 6. 0

Mr. Joseph Wilson,

8. 0. 0

John Osborne,

0. 6.0

Samuel Trotter,

0. 6. 0

Richard Baker,

0. 6. 0

Joseph Meaker,

2. 0. 0

Derrick Baker,

0. 0. 9

Hendrick Baker,

0. 15. 0

Henry Harriss,

0. 6.0

The number of the nanaos

Is ninety-nine,

not including Widow Mary Hatfleld,

mentioned

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 285
The whole number of actual subscribers was one hundred
and twenty-four ; and the subscriptions amount to £83. 11. 0.
The names of several prominent inhabitants are wanting in
these lists. Mr. Harriman had large dealings with the Qua
ker, Andrew Hampton, whose principles would not allow
him to subscribe. Mr. Hampton is credited, however, Oc
tober 1st, 1698, with " gift in order to my maintenance 26s."
The names of Col. Richard Townley, Thomas Terrill, Andrew
Craig, afterwards identified with St. John's Church, do not
appear ; nor of any who came over with Gov. Carteret, ex
cept William Hill, who had early been admitted as one of
the Associates of the town. The Governor's party had al
most wholly died out.
A very small part only of the subscriptions were paid in
cash. The most of them are credited with produce, meat,
grain, and vegetables. Many of them, with, labor by the
day, on the farm, at the mill, in the garden, in building his
house or barn, in repairing ; in shoemaking, tailoring, weav
ing ; in dry goods and groceries. A list of the prices current
from 1694 to 1705 is subjoined for the entertainment of the
curious.*
with her son Cornelius, and Widow Mary Thompson, with her son John. Of the three sons
of Mrs. Hatfield, Cornelias subscribed 10s. Abraham, 10s., aud Isaac, 15s.
At the town meeting, held January 18, 169J-, the following additional subscribers were en
rolled :

£

s. d.

£

s. d.

Samuel Sayer,

0.

6. 0

Francis Sayer,

0.
8. 0
John Erskin,
0.
5. 0
William Parent,
.
0.
6. 0
Samuel Whitehead,
0.
9. 0
John Boardman,
0.
6. 0
Benjamin Bond,
0.
6. 0
• Samnel Millar,
0.
6. 0
The following were added (all but the last two) at the town meeting,
March 11,
170?
John Ailing,
0.
6. 0
Samuel Clarke,
0.
6. 0
Isaac Bunoell,
0.
15. 0
Benjamin Woodruff,
0.
6. 0
Thomas Clarke,
0.
6. 0
John Magie,
0.
6. 0
Jonathan Hinds,
0.
6. 0
Thomas Sayer,
0.
6. 0
Samuel Little,
0.
6. 0
Thomas Keenee, '*
0.
5. 0
Joseph Ogden,
0.
6. 9
George Ross, Jr.,
0.
10. 0
Samuel Wood,
0.
9. 0
Thomas Moore,
0.
10. 0
Ephraim Clarke,
0.
6. 0
* Veal, 1| to 2d. lb.
Hens, 9d. ea.
Beef, do. do. do.
Oxen, £4. 10. "
Pork, 2£ to 3d. "
Colts, 14s. "
Venison, Id, "
Ewe Sheep, 10s. to lis. ea.
Turkeys, -15d. ea.
Heifers, £3.
tt
Capens, Is. 6d. ea.
Beef, £1. 15. 0., barrel.
Ducks, 13Jd. "
Salt shad, 3d. ea.
286

THE HISTORY OF

Mr. Harriman was a man of large business. His 100 acre
lot " in the plains" he cleared and cultivated. He charges
" my lot in ye plaines," June 6, 1701, with cost of "beer, cake
& rum to ye volunteers at ye clearing sd lott — £1. 7. 1J-."
He rented of Capt. Ebenezer Wilson, of New York, the mill
on the creek, (the same' that "old John Ogden " built at the
bridge, and mortgaged Oct. 9, 1668, to Cornelius Steenwyck
of New York), for which he and Capt. Benjamin Ogden, his
partner, paid £25, per year. Nathaniel Whitehead had
charge of the mill. In 1698, he built a new house in Meadow
st., north of Jersey st., finishing it, however, in 1701, and
moving into it in the fall of that year. Where he lived pre
viously does not appear ; probably, on the parsonage ground,
south of the creek, near the present Rail Road crossing. His

Oysters, 9d. to 14d., hun. ; 2s. 9d. gal.
Wlieat, 4s. to 6s. bush.
Buckwheat, 2s. "
Eye, 3s. 4id. '<
Meslin, 3s. 9d. "
Indian corn, le. 6d. to 3s. bush.
Turnips, Is. "
Oats, 22Jd. "
Peas, 4s. "
Apples, 2s. to 3s. "
Salt, 4s. 4d- to 5s. "
Cider, 13s. ML
Butter, 6d. lb.
Cheese, 4Jd. lb.
Sugar, 6d. "
Flax, 9d. to 1b. 6d. lb.
Hops, Is. "
Pepper, 6s. "
Tobacco, 4id. to lOd. lb.
Hides, 2d. "
Allum, 9d. "
Indigo, 4Jd. to 8d^ oz.
Eggs, 3d. to 3d. doz.
Hay, 10s. to 20s. load.
Stones, Sa. "
Wool, 13Jd. lb.
Hum, Is. 6d. qt.
Cider, 3d. "
Molasses, 2s. 9d. gal.
Whale Oil, 2s. lOd. jar.
Raccoon skins, Is. 6d. ca.
Malting older, 4id. bhl.
Killing a oow, 2s. 3d
" " oalf, Is. 6d.
" " hog, la.
" " pig, 8d.

Killing a sheep, Sd.
Shearing " 2d.
Weaving, 8d. yd.
Day's work, 2s. 3d. man.
" " Is. woman.
" " Is. boy.
" " 3s. man and oxen,
" (* 5s. man and team.
Pasturing ox, Is. week.
Fanning, 2d. bush.
Shingles, 3s. 6d. hun.
Rails, 6s. to 14s. "
Clapboards, 5s. "
Shoes for chiL, 3s. pr.
u " women, 5s. pr.
» " men. 6s. 9d. pr.
Barrels, 3s. ea.
Pails, 2s. 3d. "
Buckets, 2s. "
Hats for men, 22s. to 33b. ea.
Paper, Is. 6d. to la. lOd. qu.
Powder, 3s. 6d. lb.
Shot, 4H "
Brooms, 4£d. ea.
Pins, 13Jd. paper.
Ozenbriggs, Is. Sd. yd.
Kersey, 5s. 6d. to 7e. yd.
Holland, 3s. 6d to 4s. 3d. yd.
Fustian, 2s. 3d. "
Linsey wolsey, 4s. u
Linen (blue), Is. 4d. to 2s. yd.
Serge, 4s. 6d. to 6s. "
Buttons, 6d. to 9d. dot
Stookings, 4s. 6d, pr.
Gloves, 4s. 6d. "
Silk (black), 4s. 6d. oz.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 2S7
" new barne " he built in 1702 " length 24 feet : breadth 22,
height 11 feet." It was built " by Benjn Meaker & Benjn
Trottar." Benjamin Pierson, Joseph Woodruff, Alexander
Keeney, Joseph Osborn, Daniel Ross, and Richard Harri
man have each the credit of carting for it one load. The
builders received £7. In addition, he says, " the cost of my
barne, built this summer, £7. 14. 0." — the " timber getting
& framing given me except 18s To ye carpenters."
Not content with preaching, pastoral visitation, farming,
and carrying on a flour mill, he had, also, a cider press ; he
had an agency for furnishing glass to his neighbors ; he sur
veyed lands now and then ; he attended the Legislature, as
a Deputy, having been thus elected, in 1693, 1694, 1695, and
1698. Like the most of his profession, he kept a boarding
school, also. His Ledger shows, that, from 1695 to 1702, he
had the following pupils under his care, most if not all of
whom boarded with him : David Selleck, Richard Lawrence,
John Potter, John Therwell, John Wessels, John Ranselere,
Wm. Cooley, Andrew Wandler, (his son) Richard, Jeremiah
Floyd, Wm., son of John Crooke, of New York, John Man-
verte, Joshua Swaine, James Robeson, Joseph Tapping,
Joseph Meaker, Jonathan Sayer, John Harrison, John
Le Roax, Edward Taylor, and Peter Jewey. His price for
board was 5s. a week ; and for teaching " the art of Naviga
tion," £3.
He dealt considerably in real estate, also. In 1694, he sold
to John Miles, his nephew, half an acre of land, on which to
build his house, for £5. In 1703, he bought of Miles " his
dwelling-house, &c." for £65. The date of this transaction is
May 24. But under date of May 17, 1703, " John Blanchard,
gallicus," [Frenchman], is charged with " a house &c sold yon
to day at £80." Could this be the same, or was it his own
new house ? Still earlier, March 25, 1703, Aaron Thompson
is credited with " his 4 acre home lott at £20," the payment
of which was completed, May 12, 1704.
He dealt, also, in slaves, at least, for his own use : " We
bought the Negro Toney Aug4 14th 1697 of Charles Tooker
junr for 48lb-" It is probable that Capt. Ben. Ogden was one

288 THE HISTORY OF
of the " we " and that Toney was principally employed at
the mill. Or the " we " may include his son John. Again,
Oct. 28, 1701, he bought of " Mr. James Emot, an indian
girle named Hagar," for £19. 10. 0.
Occasionally he records the hire of a horse, or of a man
and horse, for a journey to New England. On one occasion,
Jan., 169f, Joseph Woodruff accompanied him to Milford, Ct.,
where they had a conference with Gov. Treat, as appears from
Mr. Woodruff's affidavit in the answer to the E. T. Bill in
Chancery, p. 47.
It appears, also, that it was customary to take a contribu
tion in the church every Lord's Day, of the proceeds of which
an account is preserved, only for a part of 1699. A speci
men of these entries is here given : " Feby 19 — cash 19s. 10^d.
wampom lid.— £1. 00. 9i"
Feb. 1st, 169f , John Woodruff, carpenter, is credited with
" making a. coffin for. my dear Leonard ; " and in September,
" wth a coffin for my son Alexander." Two sons taken from
him in one year ! Leonard was 13 years old ; Alexander
was at least 5 or six years younger, having been born in this
town. Of the preaching of Mr. Harriman no written memorials
remain, and scarcely any thing traditional. It is greatly to
his credit, that, in the midst of the excitements of 1688, of the
anarchy of 1690-2, and of the revolutionary period from
1699 to 1702, he should have succeeded in retaining not only
his place, but also the affection and confidence of his people.
His sympathies were altogether on the side of popular rights.
His manly words of cheer on the Sabbath greatly encouraged
the town in their long- protracted struggle against oppression.
Like his predecessor, he, doubtless, had to contend with
opposers. The Quakers, under the influence of Rudyard and
Lawrie, had increased in number and influence, and probably
had formed themselves, as in other settlements, into a reli
gious society, in the southern part of the town. The Scotch,
of course, with their national preference for Presbyterian
doctrine and worship, adhered to him and his Puritan
Church. Col. Morris wrote, in 1700, as follows :

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 289
Elizabeth Town and Newark were peopled from New England ; are
generally Independents ; they have a meeting-house in each town for
their public worship. There are some few Churchmen, Presbiterians,
Anabaptists, and Quakers, settled among them.*
" Some few Churchmen," there had been from the begin
ning. Gov. Carteret, of course, was a Churchman ; and
such were, doubtless, the most of those who sided with him
in his conflicts with the people. Emott and Townley, and
the men that associated with them in adhering to the fortunes
of the Jacobite government, were either Churchmen or
Papists. It seems somewhat strange, that, in these circum
stances, no attempts should have been made, for a whole
generation and more, to introduce Episcopacy into the town ;
that the Episcopal portion of the community should, so long,
have been content to worship with their Puritan neighbors.
That so long a period should have elapsed, before any at
tempt was made to gather a separate Society, argues the
fewness of their number, and the vast preponderance of the
Puritan element.
The first efforts, so far as known, to perform Episcopal
services in the town, were made shortly after the commence
ment of the royal rule, under Lord Cornbury, in 1703. Corn-
bury had been charged with a special mission in behalf of
the Church of England : —
You shall take especial care, that God Almighty be devoutly and
duly served throughout your Government, the Book of Common Prayer
as by Law established, read each Sunday, and Holy-day, and the
Blessed Sacrament administered according to the Rites of the Church
of England." t
Opportunely for the fulfillment of these Instructions, " the
Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts "
had just been chartered, and their first missionaries to Amer
ica, George Keith and John Talbot, appointed. Keith had
been a Quaker, though a native of Aberdeen, Scotland, (born
in 1638), and a Presbyterian. He had emigrated to Amer
ica in 1682, and had been Surveyor General of East Jersey
* Proceedings of N. J. His. Soe, IV. 118.
t Learning and Spicer, p. 638. Smith's N, J., p. 252.
19

290 THE HISTORY OF
from 1685 to 1688, when he became a preacher. His com
manding abilities and scientific attainments (bred as he was
at the University of Aberdeen) gave him great influence
among the Quakers, and made him the leader of the ortho
dox party among them. In 1700, he left them, and was or
dained a priest by the Bishop of London. He returned to
America in June 1702, and traveled extensively for nearly
two years, principally among his old friends. Here, in this
town, and its vicinity, he had numerous acquaintances, and,
of course, it was not difficult- to gather for him an audience
among his old neighbors and friends. At the house of An
drew Craig, a fellow-Scotchman (with whom, probably, he
had been acquainted at home before they came to America
in 1682), he was hospitably entertained ; and there, Friday,
Nov. 3, 1703, he preached, from 2 Pet. 1 : 5, on the Christian
Graces. On the same occasion, he baptized the four children
of Mr. Craig. The next day, he says, "I Baptized the
children of Andrew Hemton, [Hampton], eight in Number ;
He and his Wife are come over from Quakerism to the
Church. And November 3 I Baptized Seven children of a
Widow Woman there." At the end of six weeks, he re
turned, and, at the invitation of Col. Townley, performed di
vine service at his house, twice on the Lord's Day, December
19 ; of which the following record is preserved :
December 19, Sunday. — I preached at the House of Col. Townly, in
Elizabeth-Town, both Forenoon and Afternoon, on 1 Pet. 2 : 9. Many
of that Town having been formerly a sort of Independents, are become
well affected to the Church of England, and desire to have a Minister of
the Church of England sent to them. There I baptized a Child of Mr.
Shakmaple, — (the son-in-law of Col. Townley).
This was' the first occasion, doubtless, of a separate service
of public worship on the Sabbath, since the settlement of the
town, a period of 39 years. (Gov. Carteret, as Dankers in
forms us, went " often to New York and generally to
Church." Others may have done the same.) It must have
been quite a trial to Mr. Harriman and his people to have a
rival interest in the town. But the establishment of an Epis
copal Church in the town was a foregone conclusion. The

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 291
Governor, Lord Cornbury, had just been holding his first
General Assembly, for four weeks, at Amboy, and had cer
tainly prepared the way for such a movement in the several
towns of the Province. On the previous Sunday, 12th, and
on Christmas day following, Keith preached at Amboy ; on
the 12th, " at my Lord Cornbury 's lodgings, where he was
present." *
Mr. Harriman was removed by death, Aug. 20, 1705, in
the 58th year of his age. The only particular notice of this
event is found in the " Boston News Letter," of Sept. 10,
1705, as follows :
Elizabeth Town in Jersey, Ang. 80. On Monday the 20 Currant, Dyed
here in the Afternoon the Reverend Mr. John Harriman, Pastor of the
Church in this place, Aged about 60 Years : Who the same day at a
Church Meeting told his people, that his time of departure drew near,
and exhorted them to Peace and Unity one with another, and to stand
fast in the Covenant that they had engaged themselves to.
Some light may be cast on this sad event, and on the state
of the people consequent upon it, by reference to a commu
nication from the pen of the Rev. John Brooke, the first
Minister of St. John's Church in this town, dated Oct. 11,
1706, in which he says :
Col. Townley's house (wherein I preacht at first), in half a year's time
grew too little for my congregation, and the best place we could get to
meet in was a barn, which, in Harvest, we were obliged to relinquish,
whereupon the Dissenters,*who, presently after I came, were destitute of
their old Teachers (one of them being struck with death, in their meet
ing-house, as he was railing against the Church, and the other being at
Boston), would not suffer me upon my- request to officiate in their meet
ing-house unless I would promise not to read any of the prayers of the
Church, which I complied with upon condition I might read the Psalms,
Lessons, Epistle, and Gospel, appointed for the day, which I did and said
all the rest of the service by heart, the doing of which brought a great
many to hear me who otherwise, probably, would never have heard the
service of the Church, and (through God's blessing) hath taken away
their prejudice to such a degree as that they have invited me to preach
in their meeting-house till our church be built. Their Teacher begins at
« Humphrey's S. P. G. F., pp. 4-15, 24, 34, 75. Whitehead's P. Amboy, .pp. 16-21. 211-12.
Spraguc's Annals, V. 25-30. Clark's St. John's, pp. 15-16. N. V. Col. Docmts., IV. 1021.
Keith's Journal, in P. Ep. His. Soe. Coll., I. 44, 5. Dankers' Journal, p. 846.

292 THE HISTORY OF
eight in the morning, and ends at ten, and then our service begins, and in
the afternoon we begin at two. The greatest part of the Dissenters gen
erally stay to hear all our service.*
This letter sheds not a little light on the obscurity in which
the early Church Annals of the town are involved. The
early hour at which public worship was held, 8 o'clock A. M.,
deserves notice. This must have been an established custom.
It is not probable, that they would give up their ordinary
hours of service to accommodate a rival interest. Mr.
Brooke was a missionary of the Propagation Society already
named, and " arrived in East New Jersey, July 15," 1705.
Lord Cornbury, to whom he applied at New York for counsel,
"advised" him to "settle at Elizabeth Town and Perth
Amboy." On the 20th of August, the very day of Mr.
Harriman's decease, he wrote from Elizabeth Town to the
Secretary of the Society. The coming of Mr. Brooke, as a
local missionary to settle in the town, had probably occa
sioned Mr. Harriman to preach on the distinctive doctrines
of his faith, and to contrast them with the doctrines of Epis
copacy. And, on the very day of his death, he may have
been urging them, in this respect, to stand fast in the faith.
He must have died of apoplexy. His son, John, was a mer
chant, as well as a Surveyor. He exerted a wide influence
over his townsmen. After his father's death, his accounts
appear in the old Ledger, and some of them are very curious ;
a specimen has been given in connection with the notice of
the Martin family. David Harriman is mentioned in the
Ledger, as follows : "1711. John Kirtland In Saybrook In
New England Cr. by Bording David Harriman from the 17
of October to the 12 of June next at 4s 6a pr weke is £7. 8.
6 ; by candles 3. 4 ; by fire wood 8. 8. Dr. June 10, 1712.
To Cash Delivered your wife In Saybrook, £8. 0. 6." David
was, doubtless, his son, and pursuing his studies as a member
of Yale College then located at Saybrook. Mr. Kirtland was
the father of Rev. Daniel, of Norwich, Ct., the grandfather
of the Rev. Samuel, " the Oneida missionary," and the
great-grandfather of the Rev. John Thornton Kirkland, D. D.,
* Clark's St. John's Church, p. 19.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 293
LL. D., of Harvard University. David, probably, died soon
after.* Mr. Harriman's successor was
REV. SAMUEL MELYEN.
Mr. Brooke refers to the fact, that " the Dissenters," or
Independents, bad two ministers, at the time of his arrival,
one of them "being at Boston," at that time. It appears
from Mr. Harriman's Ledger, that Mr. Melyen was ordained
and installed Pastor " of the Church of this town, about the
twentieth of May, 1704, the expenses of the occasion being
£1. 5. 10. Mr. Melyen was ordained the colleague of Mr.
Harriman, as may be most properly inferred from the letter
of Mr. Brooke.f
The Rev. Samuel Melyen [Melyn] was the son of Jacob
Melyen, one of the founders of the town, of whom a particular
account has been given on a previous page. Samuel, with his
brother, Daniel, and sister, Abigail, was baptized in the
Dutch Church at New York, where the family then resided,
Aug. 7, 1677. His brother, Jacob, and sister, Susanna, had
been baptized, Oct. 3, 1674, at which time, it is quite certain
Samuel had not been born. His birth took place, most like.
ly, in 1675, at New York, where his earlier years were spent.
As early as 1690, probably, the family had removed to
Boston, and soon after Samuel entered Harvard College, and
enjoyed the instructions of that eminent divine, Rev.
Increase Mather, D.D. He graduated in 1696, one year
after Jedediah Andrews of Philadelphia, and one year before
Jabez Wakeman of Newark, N. J. In a class of nine his
* Clark's History of St. John's, pp. 16, 19. In the old account book, John Boardman is
eredited, by John Harriman, Jr., Aug. 21, 1705, " by Diging fathers grave 4."
t " The exact account of -w1 we spen upon y* occasion is as follows
p money layd out in sweet spice at N. Y  3.6
p i of a bush11 of wheat at 4s is  3.00
p a bush11 of barley mault  3.9
p 6 u of butter  3.0
p 1 q'of ruml5J  1.3
p3ffi shugr at 611 is  1.6
p pepper 9d is  0.9
p 4 lb. of cheese  2.0
p a q1" lamb. w1 8B£ at 4" is  2.11
p 2 q' veal  4.2 1.5.10
This provision was, doubtless, for the ordination dinner, of which "toddy" seems to
havo been a necessary element. Harriman's Ledger, p. 146.

294: THE HISTORY OF
was the lowest rank. A letter is extant among the Mather
Mss. at Boston, addressed to Cotton Mather, in which he
begs his aid, though unsuccessfully, in restoring him to a
higher rank.*
In 1700-1, he taught the grammar-school at Hadley, Mass.,
one year, for £38. In December, 1702, he was either a resi
dent or a visitor iu this town, his name appearing, on the
14th, as a witness to the will of John Clark. His uncle,
Humphrey Spinning, 13 years before, and his cousin Daniel
Spinning, the following year, had departed this life ; but
Mrs. Spinning, his mother's sister, may yet have been living.
* Valentine's Manual for 1863, p. 795. Savage's Gen. Diet., Ill 193.
As the only written memorial of the man, save the inscription on the nest page, it is
here given entire ; as found in the Proceedings of the Mass. His. Soe. for 1864-5, p. 34 :
Mat 19th Aio 1698
Reverend Sr. — After my Respects are paid to yorself and the Lady yor worthy
consort, this is come to inform you that I have not aB yet finished yor hook, but intend that
by ye Last day of this week, (God willing) to put a conclusion thereunto. & I hope you
will not impute my tardyness to any thing of unwillingness, — but partly to ye license you sent
me, when you last sent ye original, <Se partly to my intervening business. Pray & be assured
by this that I am not only willing & ready to serve you as far as in me lies, but esteem
it an honour to be in your service, wherefore Sr, I hope you will not decline yoT Impos'ing
it upon me, at any time when yor occasions call for it.
One favor, 'Worthy Sr. ! I should be exceedingly rejoyced to obtain at yor benign hands,
if it may not engage yorself in a too great a trouble, which I will manifest after I have
_prmised, y* towards yc End of or Sophymoreship by my audaciously calling freshmen at
ye door of ye worthy Mr Prattle in a way of contempt, yc Venerable and Reverend Presi
dent with my Tutor, y e well deserving Mr Lcverett saw it convenient to place me ye Lowest
in y° class, whereas before I was placed between Sr Remington and Sr Whitman.
Wow, Sr my humble request is (seeing ye Catalogue hass not since been printed, & is
before ye Ensuing Commencement to be printed) that you would be pleas'd to motion to ye
Reverend President, that I may be reduced into my former station — Nothing Sr can bo
more gratefull to my Father & Mother, nor any thing more encouraging to me — I am very
Sorry (& desire to he very penitent) that in that as well as in many other things I have dis
pleased so- worthy a Gentleman as y° President, and so kind a Tutor as Mr Leverett wlh yc
Revd Mr Brattle, hoping that y° remainder of my days may be so manidg*d that glory may
redown to God, & thereby some satisfaction may be made for y° wrong I offer'd them—
I lye at their feet & humbly beg their Pardon (praying ye Lord to forgive me in & thro
his son Jes: Christ) hoping they will henceforth pretermitt ye offences of my former life
and grant mo this favour, which will much encourage me in my labour & lay me undr
fresh obligations to serve them & yor noble self in any thing yl I may or can — Had I Sr
been placed at first Inferior to y° rest, I Bbould have been contented & thought it my place,
(wherefore Sr I hope you will not conjecture that prideis ye Impulsivo cause of this my
Petition) but it being after such a nature as it was, mokes me very desirous of reduceni1—
Sr All our class y* wore placed at first beneath me, have voluntarily manifested uuto me
yl they were very willing I Bbould enjoy my Antient standing. Thus S* hoping you will
do yor Endeavor & pardon myboldnesB, I Bhall at p'sent begleavo to conclude myself
yor humble petitioner & hearty Serv1
These Samvel Meltes.*
To y° Rcvcvd Mr Cotton Mather
with my hearty Respects
pr Bishop Elliott Praont

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 295
Possibly, through the influence of his cousins, he may have
been sent for to aid Mr. Harriman in his ministerial work ;
or he may have studied theology with him. At the decease
of the latter, he was left in charge of the congregation. It
is he, to whom Mr. Brooke refers, in speaking of " the Dis-
seaters," as " their Teacher." At this time he was about 30
years old. The memorials of his ministry here are few and
unsatisfactory. One of his books — "The Cambridge Con
cordance," published in 1698, — is now in the possession of
Mr. Thomas O. Crane, of Eahway, whose father, Isaac Crane,
of this town, bought it of Elizabeth. Crane. It is a rare old
book, and in good preservation. It contains the following
beautiful autograph inscription :
Vita sine literis est Mortis Imago ; at
Vita sine Christo est Morte pejor.
Si OKRISTUM discis, nihil est si caetera nesois.
Si CHRISTUM nescis, nihil est si caetera discis.
Samuelis Melyen
Liber,
Martii, 1°
Anno Domini, 1702.
His ministry was short, his sun going down behind a very
dark cloud. He was preaching regularly at the time Mr.
Brooke wrote of him, Oct., 1706, and may have continued a
year longer. The pulpit was vacant in 1708. Tradition,
with some show of probability, accuses him of some immoral
ities unfitting him for the pulpit, and destroying the confi
dence of the people. The story reported by Dr. Murray is
not very plausible, viz : That, " being strongly suspected of
intemperance, the choir, on a certain Sabbath morning, sung
a hymn as a voluntary, which ho considered as designed to
reprove and expose him. Whilst being sung, he descended
from the pulpit, and taking liis wife he walked out of the
church, and never again entered it." The days of choirs and
voluntaries, it should be remembered, had not yet. come.
Music in churches was but rudely performed ; " in the latter
part of the seventeenth, and at the commencement of the-
eighteenth century, the congregations throughout New Eng-

296 THE HISTORY OF
land were rarely able to sing more than three or four tunes."
No mention is made of choirs in churches before 1720, and
none " of any regular choir having separate seats, in any
church for thirty or forty years " after that date. " There
were few country churches with a choir before 1765 or 70 ;
and they certainly did not become common until near the
time of the American Revolution." At the time of Mr.
Melyen's ministry, anthems, or voluntaries, as a part of the
Sabbath service, were unknown. Note books were not to be
found. All singing in the Churches was congregational, led
by a precentor.
It is quite certain that Mr. Melyen was never married ; his
sister, Joanna, about seven or eight years younger than him
self, may have kept house for him. That he was intemperate,
however, is quite likely. The temptations to this vice were,
at that period, very great. The Rev. John Miller, of New
York, in 1695, gives an appalling representation of the preva
lence of dissipation, there and then, among all classes of
society. Mr. Melyen, in retiring from the pulpit, continued to reside
in the town until his death. In Eeb., 170^, he was ap
pointed, with Thomas Price, Overseer of High- Ways. At
the Court of Quarter Sessions, sitting at this town, in No
vember of the same year, a complaint was brought against
him by Matthias De Hart, of the nature of which no record
remains. A true bill was found against him by the Grand
Jury, and he was ordered into the custody of the Sheriff,
until he should give special bail. At the sessions of the
Court, in Newark, Aug. 21, 1711, he is reported as having
deceased since the sessions in May. He died nearly at the
same time with Col. Richard Townley, who was President of
the Court by which he was indicted.
His Will bears date, May 10, 1711, and expresses a. high
degree of faith in the gospel of the Redeemer. He gives £35.
to Mrs. Ann Gardener ; £5. to his Executor, George Jewell ;
his pewter tumbler and silver f poon, to Mrs. Sarah Jewell ;
his looking-glass and three " Turkey worked chears," to
•Sarah Jewell; his saddle, pillion, books, bow and arrows,

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 297
and " portmantle," to Cornelius Jewell ; and the remainder
of his possessions to his sister Abigail Tilley, at Boston. His
Will was proved, July 26, 1711. No mention is made of wife
or children. He appears to have boarded with George
Jewell, and was, doubtless, a single man." *
It was during the ministry of Mr. Melyen, that the first
Episcopal congregation of this town was gathered, and the
foundations of St. John's Church were laid. This work was
principally effected by their first minister, the
REV. JOHN BROOKE.
Of his birth and parentage nothing is on record, so far as is
known. He was an Englishman, and, probably of Emanuel
College, Cambridge, where one of his name took the Bache-
or's degree in 1700, and the Master's degree in 1704. Hav
ing been admitted to orders in the Church of England, he was
appointed, by the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel
in Foreign Parts, one of their Missionaries to America. His
first report, Aug. 20, 1705, says — ¦
I arrived safe in East New Jersey July 15, and thence went to my Lord
Cornbury — our Governor — who, after he had perused your letter, advised
me to settle at Elizabeth Town and Perth Amboy. There are five Inde
pendent Ministers in and about the places I preach at, and the greatest
part of the people are followers of them. But I question not (thro: God's
blessing), but if you please to permit me to have only Elizabeth Town,
Amboy, and the adjacent Towns under my care and to allow me enough
to subsist upon without depending upon the People, that I shall gain a
considerable Congregation in a very few years. As for those that are of
the Church of England already, their.Number is very inconsiderable, and
I expect nothing from them for some years, seeing they are like to be
at an extraordinary charge in building of a Church at each place.t
The " five Independent Ministers " were Messrs. Harriman
and Melyen of this town, John Prudden of Newark, Samuel
Shepard of Woodbridge, and the Minister of Piscataway,
who left soon after, and whose name has not been preserved.
The circumstances connected with the early ministrations
* Valentine's N. T. Manual for 1S63, p. 795. Savage, III. 196. Clark's St. John's, p. 39.
Dr. McDowell's Ms. Sermon, Jan. 1, 1811. Murray's Notes on E. T., p. 53. Hood's Music in
N. Eng., pp. 56-9 ; 180. Hildreth's U. States, II. 3 89-92. Eecords of Court, at Newark, N. J.
¦Wills at Trenton, No. 1. t Cat. of Univ. of Cambridge, Eng. Clark's St. John's, pp. 16, IT

298 THE HISTORY OF
of Mr. Brooke have already been detailed (p. 291), in his own
language. During the fall and winter of 1705-6, Col. Town-
ley's house accommodated the congregation on the Sabbath,
and, it is thought, furnished a home for the missionary. In
the spring of 1706, they began to worship in a- barn, fitted
for the purpose. After the harvest season, the barn being
occupied with the summer crops, the missionary was per
mitted to officiate twice every Sabbath in the Independent
Church, on terms, which, though literally observed, were not
fulfilled in fact. He was " not to read any of the prayers of
the Church." The obvious understanding was, that the ser
vice of the Common Prayer-Book was not to be used. He
evaded these conditions by committing the prayers to mem
ory, and saying them " by heart." It certainly is very much
to the credit of the old church, that they allowed the rival
congregation the stated use of their " meeting house," twice
every Sabbath, on any terms, and continued this permission,
when they saw that, in effect, the contract was habitually
broken by Mr. Brooke.
In his report of Oct. 11, 1706, Mr. Brooke says : —
The people, in general, in all the places where I officiate, were either
Dissenters or of no religion at all, when I came ; but now (through the
blessing of God) many are come into the Fold. There are about ten
commi3nicants added since I wrote last. I laid the Foundation of a Brick
church, at Elizabeth Town, on St. John the Baptist's day, whosename it
bears. It is fifty foot long, thirty wide, and twenty-one high, — it hath
nine windows — one in the East end, ten foot wide and fifteen high, two
in ench side, six foot wide and ten high, and four ovals — one of the East
window, one in the West end, and one over each door, which are near the
west end. The church is now covering, and I hope to preach in it in six
weeks or two months. Wee shall only gett the outside of our church up
this year, and I'me afraid t'will be a year or two ii3ore before we can
finish the inside, for I find these hard times a great many are very back-
ward to pay their subscriptions.*
Secretary Basse said of the Church, that it was " erected
chiefly by the care and diligence of Colonel Richard Town
ly, who has given the ground it stands on, and a place for a
Burying Ground. "f
* Clark's St. John's, pp. 18-20. , lb., 80. Trot. Ep. His, Coll., I. TO.

- Hi™" -

I^HKl

1 1 i

»Pfei

-tsliB

ST. JOHN'S CHURCH, ELI2ABETH, IN 1850,.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 299
He seems to have labored very conscientiously and dili
gently in his vocation. He performed no small amount of
missionary work : —
Upon my arrival here (he says), insted of a body of church people to
maintain me, I only met with a small handful!, the most of which could
hardly maintain themselves, much less build churches or maintaiu me.
Upon which, being almost discouraged to find the Church had got so little
footing in these parts, I resolved heartily and sincerely to endeavor to
promote her, so much as in my power, in order to which I began to
preach, catechize, and expound, twelve, fourteen, sometimes fifteen days
per month (which I still do), and on other days to visit the people,
through which means, by the blessing of God, my congregations increased
every where so that I found very great necessity for churches.
Towards the building of five churches, and printing a
tract, he contributed £50 ; and, besides, he says, —
It hath cost me above £10 in riding about the Provinces of New York
and Pennsylvania, and this to get subscriptions. I could not have given
near so much out of your £100 per annum, had not I been very well
stocked with cloaths I brought from England, and had had some money
of my own. For I ride so much, I'm obliged to keep two horses, which
cost me £20, and.one horse cannot be kept well under £10 or £11 per
annum. 'Twill cost a man near-£30 per annum to board here, and sure
'twill cost me much more who, Pilgrim-like, can scarce ever be three
days together at a place. All cloathing here is twice as dear, at least, as
'tis in England, and riding so much makes me wear out many more than
I ever did before. The Fei'ries which I've frequently to cross, and every
thing else I've occasion for here; are very chargeable, and I've nothing
to defray all my charges but what I receive from your Society ; neither
can I expect any thing from my people before their churches be finished.
To ask any thing [from them] yet, would be a means to deter people from
joyning with me, and would be looked upon as offensive. I've so many
places to take care of, that I've scarce any time to study ; neither can I
supply any of them so well as they should be. I humbly beg, the3-efore,
you'll be pleased to send a minister to take the charge of Elizabeth Town
and Bawway upon him, aud I'll take all the care I can of the rest.*
The Secretary of the Societj', Rev. Dr. Humphreys, said
of him,—
Mr. Brook used exceeding diligence in his cure, and was pleased to
find the best of all sorts of people coming over to the Church of Eng
land. He exerted himself and at times used to perform Divine service at
* Clark's St. John's, pp. 20-2.

300 THE HISTORY OF
seven places, fifty miles in extent ; namely, at Elizabethtown, Eahway,
Perth Amboy, Cheesequakes, Piscataway, Rock Hill, and in a congrega
tion at Page's. This duty was very difficult and laborious.*
The ministry of Mr. Brooke came to an abrupt termina
tion, in November, 1707. The Rev. Thorowgood Moore, of
Burlington, had, by his faithful rebuke of Lord Cornbury's
disgusting immoralities, drawn upon himself the wrath of
the Governor, by whom he was arrested and imprisoned
at N. York. Mr. Brooke deeply sympathized with his afllict-
ed brother, and, when in prison, visited him. Mr. Moore
escaping, and Mr. Brooke being sought for by the en
raged Governor, they resolved to proceed to London, and lay
their grievances before the proper authorities at home.
They embarked at Marblehead, Mass., in November, 1707,
for England, but the vessel was lost at sea, and all on board
perished, f
Mr. Brooke seems to have been greatly esteemed and much
lamented. The Rev. Mr. Talbot says of him and Mr. Moore,
they are " the most pious and industrious Missionaries that
ever the Honorable Society sent over." " Honest Elias
Neau," as Col. Morris called him, "said of them, — they
Were assuredly an honor to the mission, and labored with much vigor
for the enlargement of the Kingdom of our glorious Redeemer, and we
may say, without prejudice to the rest, that they were the Glory of all
the Missionaries the Illustrious Society has sent over hither. The purity
and candor of their manners preached as efficaciously as their mouths, in
somuch that we cannot si3fficiently lament the loss of these two good
servants of God, — whose crime was for opposing and condemning boldly
vice and immorality.
His people, years afterwards, spoke of him as their " worthy,
and never to be forgotten Pastor, whose labors afforded them
universal satisfaction." %
He left a widow, the younger of the two daughters of Capt.
Christopher Billop, whose residence and large plantation at
the southern extremity of Staten Island, gave to it the name
of Billop's Point, which it still retains. Subsequently she
* Humphreys' His. of S. P. G. F. P., pp. 183-90.
t Clark's St. John's, pp. 24-82. N. T. Col. Dooints., IV. 10TT.
J Clark's St. John's, p. 25. Humphreys' S. P. G. E. P., p. 190. N. T, CoL Doomts., V. 818

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 301
became the wife of the Rev. Wm. Skinner,- of Amboy, but
died without issue.*
By the death of Mr. Brooke, and the retirement of Mr.
Melyen, both of the churches of the town became vacant at
the same time, and the people were once more left without a
preacher. • Whitehead's P. Amboy, p. 94.

302 THE HISTORY OF

CHAPTER XIV.
A. D. 1702-1740.
Land Titles — Political Parties — Lord Cornbury, Gov. — Corruption of the
Court — Act of Indemnity — Lord Lovelace, Gov. — His Death — Robert
Hunter, Gov. — Death of Col. Townley — Officials of the Town — Card-Playing
not tolerated — Newark Bounds — Suit of Vaughan vs. Woodruff — Early
Town Books lost — Town Committee of Seven — List of Freeholders in "1729 —
Lithgow vs. Robison, &c. — Measures of Defence against the Proprietors
— Sale of Town Lands — Fenn vs. Chambers & Alcorn — Sale of more Land —
Distribution of Land in 1737 — Cooper vs. Moss, &c. — Logan vs. Manning
— Newark Bounds — Lewis Morris, Gov. — Borough Charter — Officials —
Newspaper Notices.
The surrender of the right of Jurisdiction to the Crown,
on the part of the Proprietors, while it greatly simplified the
matter of government, made no change whatever, in respect
to the contest growing out of the conflicting titles to the lands
of this town and vicinity. It rather served to intensify the
excitement and the hostility of parties ; inasmuch as, by an
implied compromise, it was understood, that the royal gov
ernment would confirm the Proprietors in their claims to the
possession of the soil, as a compensation for their surrender
of sovereignty.
In the political agitations that followed the change of gov
ernment, this question of titles exerted a powerful influence,
especially in and about this town. The people were divided
into parties or factions, the lines of which were mostly deter
mined by this issue, — to them of all-absorbing interest.
The character of the party-strife that ensued may, to some
extent, be gathered from a communication written by Col.
Lewis Morris, Fob. 9, 170$, to the Secretary of State. Re-

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 303
ferring to the period of Lord Cornbury's accession to the gov
ernment of New Jersey, he observes, of the Province, that
He found it divided into two parties, the one called Hamiltons and the
other Basses partie ; Hamilton's partie in East New- Jersey, consisted of
the gentlemen of the best figure and fortune and majority of the people.
Basse being formerly an Anabaptist Minister, those of that religion, some
Quakers, and a miselanious mob, where of his partie.*
Col. Richard Townley, of the Hamilton party, and a noted
enemy to democracy, was chosen to the Assembly of 1703 ;
and, when there, became so warm a partisan of Lord Corn
bury, as, Nov. 29, 1705, to be appointed one of his Council, —
a position which he retained until his death in 1711. f
In the Assembly, that met in November, 1704, this town
had no representative, the county members being from New
ark. By questioning the qualifications of three of the mem
bers, Cornbury obtained a majority, and carried his measures. •
A militia law was passed, that proved a terrible grievance to
the Quakers who constituted so large a portion of the popu
lation. The laying out of the highways was entrusted to the
most inveterate party men, of whose proceedings Col. Morris
gives the following damaging account :
They pull'd down their enemies inclosures, laid waies through their
orchards, gardens & improvem13 ; there was one gentleman at whom they
' had an extraordinary pique, and they laid a way over a mill pond, to ne
cessitate him to pull down dam & mills that could not be erected for 1000
pounds, or to pull it down themselves, though the gentleman offered to
build a bridge over the streame, at his own charge, J of a mile distant
wch would have been J nearer and better way. To be short they never
omitted an ill turn they could do, and alwaies went out of their way to
do it.
The country was impoverished by excessive taxation to
support the government : —
The whole Province was filled with murmurs and complaints ; but
neither that nor ye hearty curses they liberaly bestow'd upon the vilains
that were y8 authors of their sufferings, avail'd any thing ; they were
forced to get money, some by takeing it up at 10, 20, 30, & more pr Cent
interest, those whose credit would not go, even on ye most desperate
* N. T. Col. Docmts., V. 84.
t Smith's N. J., p. 276. Analytical Index of N. J. Docmts., pp. 49, 53, 4, T, 64.

304 THE HISTORY OF
terms, were forc't to sell w' they had was vendible, to raise the money,
and very many there was y ' sold good milch cowes to raise six shillings.*
This is the language of a partisan, Col. Morris, belonging
to the Proprietary party ; yet, taken even with the needful
abatement, it serves to show the state of parties, the corrup
tion of officials, and the distress of the people at that period ;
in all of which this town bore its full share, and more.
The Act of Indemnity, sought the previous year, was passed
by the Assembly of 1704, and received the Governor's sanc
tion. The ignorance of Cornbury, in respect to the issues before
the people, is well exemplified in a letter, June 14, 1704, to
the Lords of Trade, in which he says :
Col. Nichols coming into these parts found ye people of New York re
fractory and not inclinable to submit to him, but found ye people of Eliz
abethtown ready to obey his orders in all things, by which means y°
people of New York became tractable and did submit. Col. Nichols
thought himself obliged to doe something for ye people of Elizabethtown
y' might be as a reward for their fidelity upon y1 consideration granted
them y" lands they now hold.t
This, in a State Paper, from the Head of a Colonial Gov
ernment ! Contemptible ! No such town existed before his
coming. In the Assembly that met at Burlington, Ap. 5, 1707, this-
town was represented by Capt. Daniel Price. The Burgesses
openly rebuked Cornbury for his outrages on the rights of
the people, and- stood up manfully for their own prerogatives.
Nine members of the Council, of whom Col. Richard Town-
ley was one, drew up and transmitted to the Queen an un
qualified defence of Cornbury, in which they expressed their
" dislike and abhorrence " of the proceedings of the repre
sentative body. Counter statements were forwarded by the
Assembly, which, in connection with the complaints from
every quarter of the two Provinces, N. York and N. Jersey,
resulted in Cornbury's displacement, and the appointment,
April 22, 1708, of John, Lord Lovelace, to succeed him.J
? N. T. Col. Docmts., V. 36, T. t Analytical Index of N. J. Docmts., p. 4T.
$ Smith's N. J., pp. 288-95, 815-S, 66.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 305
The town made choice, in 1708, and in 1709, of Benjamin
Lyon to represent them in the Assembly. Lovelace was re
moved by death, May 6, 1709, less than six months after his
arrival, and the government devolved on Lt. Gov. Richard
Ingoldsby, until the arrival of Gov. Robert Hunter at New
York, June 14, 1710. Col. Townley was retained in the
Council, and Joseph Marsh, of this town, was a representa
tive in the Assembly, that met in December of the same
year. In a representation, made by the Representative body
to the Governor, of the affairs of the Province, it was insisted
upon, that, in order to reconcile the people to the govern
ment, it was indispensable that eight of the members of the
Council, who had rendered themselves obnoxious, should be
removed. Col. Townley was of this number. Similar repre
sentations were made by IS of the Proprietors. Counter
statements, in justification of their course, were made by the
obnoxious gentlemen of the Council, in which they declared
themselves " in conscience bound " to preserve the royal pre
rogative from licentious encroachments. Gov. Hunter, writ
ing to the Board of Trade, May 7, 1711, says, —
Unless Her Majesty be pleased to remove from Her Councill in the
Jersey's William Pinhorne, Daniel Cox, Peter Sonmans, and William
Hall there are no hopes of peace and quiet in that Province, Collonel
Townley is since dead.
These representations prevailed ; the removals were ef
fected, and peace was restored. Gov. Hunter proved an
acceptable ruler, his administration contrasting with Corn
bury's to great advantage.
In the absence of other material, something of the history
of the town during the first ten years of the eighteenth cen
tury may be learned from these general statements respect
ing the Province. In all the agitations of the times, conse
quent on these provincial events, the people of this town;
ever foremost in the warfare for popular rights, could not
but have taken an active and decided part — the more so
because of the persecution, by Cornbury, of the Rev.
Mr. Brooke, their worthy townsman, and his untimely
death. 20

306 THE HISTORY OF
In 1710, Col. Richard Townley, Benjamin Price, Jr., Daniel
Price, and Jonas Wood, were Justices of the Peace ; John
Hainds, Constable ; and Samuel Melyen, and Thomas Price,
were Overseers of the highways, for this town. Andrew
Hampton and Richard Baker were on the Committee for
regulating the highways of the County. In 1711, Isaac
Whitehead, Benjamin Price, Benjamin Lyon, John Wood
ruff, and John Blanchard were Justices ; John Hainds and
Benjamin Meeker were Constables ; and Benjamin Ogden,
Jr., and Samuel Ogden were Overseers of the highways. In
1712, the Justices were the same ; James Seeres and Samuel ,
Ogden were Constables ; and Samuel Winans and John
Scudder were Overseers of the highways. In 1713 ; Con
stables — Ebenezer Lyon and Wm. Clarke ; Overseers of the
highways — John Craine and Joseph Kellsey. In 1714 ; Con
stables — John Thomson and Benjamin Spinning; Overseers
— Daniel Gale and Robert Little; Assessors — Capt. Price
and John Harriman. In 1715 and '16 ; Constables — Richard
Harriman and Elijah Davis ; Overseers — James Hinds, Jr.
and Jacob Mitchell. In 1717 ; Constables — Benjamin Bond,
Nathaniel Whitehead, and Wm. Strayhearn ; Overseers —
Joseph Bond, John Lambert, Jeremiah Peck, and Benjamin
Parkhurst; on the County Committee of highways — Ben
jamin Lyon and Samuel Potter. In 1718 ; Constables — John
Gould, Nathaniel Whitehead, and Wm. Strayhearn ; Over
seers of the highways — Edward Frazey, Benjamin Spinning,
Robert Wade, and Daniel Woodruff; Surveyors of the high
ways — Capt. Daniel Price, and James Sayre. In 1719 ; Con
stables — Wm. Strayhearn, Samuel Oliver, Jr., and Thomas
Currey ; Overseers — David Morehouse, Samuel Oliver, Jr.,
and Joseph Marsh, Jr. In 1716 aud 1721, Joseph Bonnel
was chosen to the Legislature.*
These appointments, embracing a period of about ten
years, may serve to show who they were of the second
generation that were chosen to office, and were looked upon
as men of activity and influence, by their townsmen. In
almost every instance they were the sons or grandsons of
* Records of Court, at Newark.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 307
the old planters, whose names are still represented in the
town. A single incident will illustrate the manners of the day.
At the Quarter Sessions, in this town, August 19, 1712,
Richard Baker, Joshua Henlock, and George Jewell, were
indicted " for suffering the Game of Cards to be played in
their houses." At the next term, in November, the indict
ment was quashed on their payment of the fees.
The old difficulty about the northern boundary line re
mained unadjusted, as appears from a Town-Meeting at
Newark, Feb. 21, 171*.
The Inhabitants of Newark were asked, whether they were willing to
come to an Agreement with the Inhabitants of Elizabeth Town about
settling the Bounds between them and us, which was unanimously con
sented unto : And in Order thereunto by vote chose a Committee to en
deavor for an agreemont, (viz. :) Mr. John Treat, Mr. Jasper Crane,
Capt. Johnson, Mr. Theophilus Pierson, Mr. Joseph Harrison, Sarj'. John
Morris, and John Cooper — did likewise put into their Hands the full
Power of agreement, and did verbally by Words engage to rest satisfied
with what the said Committee should do in that Affair.*
Similar, doubtless, was the course pursued here. Confer
ences must have been held, and probably some thing agreed
upon ; and yet more than 42 years afterwards the line be
tween the two towns had not been finally adjusted.
A series of prosecutions was commenced, the first year of
George I., in the interest of the Proprietors, to test once more-
the validity of the Nicolls' Grant, subjecting, for a long term-
of years, the Associate settlers to vexatious annoyances, great
disquietude, and no small expense.
James Emott had obtained, April 6, 1686, of the Propri
etors, a Patent for 300 acres of land on the West side of
Rahway river, within the town bounds, and claimed by the
Associates as part of their lands in common. In the division
of 1699-1700, Lot No. 148, containing 100 acres, surveyed
by John Harriman, Jr., and the Town Committee, was as
signed to Joseph Woodruff. It covered a part of the land
that had been surveyed, March 20, 168|-, by John Reid,.
* Newark Town Eecords, pp. 123, 141.

308 THE HISTORY OF
(Surveyor for the Proprietors), for James Emott. At the de
cease of Emott, this claim came into the possession of his
widow, Mary Lawrence, the step-daughter, first of Gov. Car
teret, and then of Col. Townley ; and so, into the hands of
the Rev. Edward Vaughan, the Episcopal Minister of this
Town, by her marriage to him in 1714.*
Whereupon, in the November Term of the Supreme Court
of New Jersey, 1714, Mr. Yaughan brought an Action of
Ejectment against Joseph Woodruff. The Cause came to
trial, in May, 1716, the judges being, as was alleged, in the
Proprietary interest. A special verdict was found ; and, for
several Terms, the case was argued at length on both sides,
resulting, May, 1718, in a judgment by the Court in favor of
Yaughan. Thereupon, by Writ of Error, Woodruff carried
the Cause before the Governor and Council, intending, if
judgment were given against him there, to appeal it to the
King in Council ; but " the Governor and Council would
never be prevailed upon to give a Judgment in the said
Cause ; but after about Ten or Twelve Years Delay, and a
vast Expense in the Cause, the said Case dropt without being
decided."f About the time of this Judgment and Appeal, the old
Town Books, in which the proceedings of the various Town-
Meetings from the beginning of the settlement for more than
fifty years, and the various surveys ordered by vote of the
town, had been regularly recorded, — to the irreparable
loss of the town-history, disappeared, and have never since
been recovered. The earliest statement of the loss is found
in the initial entry of Towu-Book B. (which, happily, has
been preserved), under date of Aug. 2, 1720, and which is as
follows :
Whereas, The Books of Record, Belonging To The said Elizabeth
Town, wherein The Important affairs of The same Towne were Recorded
from The Begining Thereof; have Been pi'ivately Taken Away from
him unto whose Care and Custody They were Committed ; And Are not
Likely To be Again Obtained : It is now Therefore, By A free And
unanimous Agreement of the freehold's aforesd Concluded and Resolved ;
* E. Town Book, B. S3. E. J. Eecords, L. 64, TO ; A. 8S4.
t E. T. Bill, pp. 46, 122. Ans. to Do., p. S2.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 309
That This present Book Now Is And Shall Be Improved To be, A book
of Records, for the use and behoof of the freeholders of Elizabeth Town
Aforesd, And for no Other use whatsoever.*
At a later date, July 30, 1734,
Samuel Whitehead Being Duly Sworn and of full age Saith that accord
ing to y* Beest of his memory (he Being for more than Thirty years Clark
of Eliz"1 Town) and having the Charge and Care of y" Town Books of
Records that the Said Books of Record were priviately Stollin and taken
away, Wherein was Contained a certain Grant and License to purchase,
&c. In a document, prepared with much care, and signed, No
vember 18, 1729, by one hundred and eleven Associates,
with their seals affixed, the story of the lost books is thus
recited :
But it so happened, that the sd Books wherein the sd Surveys or'
the greater Number of them were Entred by Some One or more Design
ing Person or persons were Craftily and Maliciously Stole and (as there
is no Small reason to believe) were Burnt or otherwise destroy'd, So
that the benefit thereby intended to the parties afforesd and their Assigns
became Wholly frustrate and Void ; Yet not so but the like Good Effect
may be hoped for, from something of a Like Nature since the Original
Surveys afforesd are as Yet Existing as appears Not Only by the Oath.
of the Officer who was Surveyor, but by divers Other concurring Cir
cumstances to the Satisfaction of the Parties afforesd.t
In the Chancery Bill, Thomas Clarke, &c, vs. James Alex
ander, &c, 1754, it is affirmed that the books were taken out
of the house of Samuel Whitehead, by Henry Norris and
Thomas Gould, in 1718 or 1719, at the instance of those in
the Proprietaries' interest.^
On the other hand, the Proprietors affirmed, that the
" Book pretended to be lost or destroyed," had been con
cealed, or destroyed by the Associates themselves. Against
which, however, in reply, a strong argument is presented by
the Associates, to show, for several specified reasons, that it
is the height of absurdity to suppose that they would destroy
a Book so essential to the proof of their several properties.
They say : that they " hope to prove, that this Book was
taken away from the Custody of Samuel Whitehead, to whom
* E. Town Book, B. 1, 2, o. end. t E. T. Book, B. 6, o. end ; S. X p. 16.

310 THE HISTORY OF
it was committed by the People of Elizabeth Town, to be
safely kept, by the Means of one or more Persons, who
claimed Shares of Propriety Rights." They say, " That, to
their great Disappointment, the Town-Book is lost ; " but,
that it was destroyed by " those who claimed under the first
Purchasers and Associates, and by or with their consent and
Approbation " they " believe to be utterly false." Reference
is frequently made subsequently to these early books, in
which the language almost uniformly used is, — " being, as is
supposed, destroyed or conveyed away;" showing a lurking
suspicion that the books were in a place of concealment, and
intimating that possibly they might yet be recovered — a
hope never fulfilled. There is no intimation anywhere to be
found, that they have ever been seen since their disappear
ance in 1718 or 19, and not the least prospect now of their
ever being recovered.*
As it was quite likely that others, holding by Proprietary
rights, would follow the example of Mr. Yaughan, the Epis
copal Missionary, and prosecute their claims before the
Courts, the Associates determined to make common cause
with the sufferers, in defending them against all claimants,
and legal procedures. Accordingly, at a town-meeting,
purporting to be "a Meeting of the Inhabitants and freehold
ers of Elizabeth Town, August 2, 1720," the following record
was made :
Item. By a Unanimous Vote of The freeholders aforesd It Is Agreed
and Concluded, That a Committee of seven men Be Chosen from Among
Them, To Represent Them and Eveiy of Them the sd freeholders, In all
affairs, Touching the Settlement of Their, and Every of Their Just Rights
& Properties.
And Accordingly, by a Unanimous Vote of the freeholders aforesd the
Day and Year Abovesd there was Chosen A Committee of Seven men, all
being of the freeholders Aforesd whose Names are As followeth (viz') Mr
John Blanchard, Cap' Joseph Bonnel, John Crane, Joseph Williams, Samuel
Potter, Nathaniel Bonnel, And Daniel Sayre ; To whom the freeholders
aforesd have Given and Granted, And by these Presents Do Give and
Grant, all their full Power And Authority, To Act and Do for them And in
their name and behalf, whatsoever to them (or the Major part of them the
* E. T. Bill, p. 82. Ans. to Do., p. 22. Town Book, B., nbique.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 311
said Committee, shall (by themselves or their Councill Learned) seem
Mete and proper In all things Touching the settlement' of all, & Every of
the said freeholders, In their Just Rights And properties, As they and
Every of them Claim by force of Grant and Purchase, under Governour
Richard Nicholls.*
This seems to have been the first instance of the appoint
ment of Trustees, or " Committee Men," as they were more
generally called, for the disposal of the common lands of the
town, and for the systematic and organized defence of the
people's title to their inheritance, of which they or their fa
thers had now been in possession more than fifty years. The
measure was wise and salutary, as well as necessary. It
served as an effectual barrier to all encroachments from out
siders, and gave great annoyance to the wealthy and power
ful Board or Council of Proprietors, who found themselves
continully checked and thwarted ever afterward, by this reso
lute and most efficient body of Committee Men, to whose
energy and efficiency they could not but bear the most de
cided and positive testimony, f
The members of this Committee appear to have served at
the pleasure of the town, the term of their holding office not
being specified. Changes were made, as circumstances
required. More than nine years afterwards, at a numerous meeting of
the Associates, full power was again given to the Town Com
mittee, to act in the premises, at which time, Nov. 18, 1729,
Benjamin Bond, Joseph Woodruff, and John Harriman were
appointed on the Committee in the place of John Crane,
Joseph Williams, and Daniel Sayre, the first and the last
having deceased.
The names of the Associates present are attached, with
their seals, to a paper, previously recorded, of the same date,
in which are recited briefly the Nature of their Title-Deeds,
the Names of the Original Associates, and of those of 1699
additional, together with a statement of the Loss of the Town
Books, and an Agreement to allow the new Book to be re
garded as a Lawful Record of Surveys and Conveyances.
* Town Book, B., o. end, L t E. T. Bill, 4T-52. Ans. to Do., 83

312

THE HISTORY OF

riptions are as foil
Daniel Potter
William Strayhearn
Joseph willis
Sam11 miller
Joseph Williams
George Ross Jun'
Samuel Potter
Samuel x Serin
Joseph Tooker
Benjamin Watkins
Jonaa : Allen
John Ross
Ichabod Burnet
Henry Connet
Thomas x Baker
John Megie Jnr
William Clarke
John x Robeson
Nath11 Hubbel
Matthias Hetfield
Noadiah Potter
Robert Wade 2d
Joseph Bonnel
Benja Bond
John Thompson
Abraham Clark
John x Baker
Joshua x Marsh
Ben Woodruff
Joseph Megie
John Peirson
Timothy Woodruff
Thomas Woodruff
Caleb Woodruff
Daniel Ross Jr
Moses Thomson
Robert Ogden

The several subsc
Jonathan Ogden
John Woodruff
Jonathan Dickinson
Samuel Whitehead
John Lambert
John Harriman
Richard Clarke
John megie
benj min Wade
Robert Wade
Joseph x osbourn
Leonard milse
Ephraim Price
John Moriss
John Blanchard Jun'
Jeremiah Crain
Stephen Harriman
Simon Searing
Jhon -royno
Peter Blanchard
John x Bryant
Benjamin x Clarke
Joseph woodroff
John Wade
Stephen Crane
Joseph Ludlam
Joseph woodruffe
Joseph x Morss
Daniell Meaker
Joseph Halsy
Henry Clarke
John Willis
¦Wm Brant
John meeker
Matthew Connet
Wm Broadwell
Nath : Bonnel
Richerd Miller
It is rather creditable to the humble yeomanry whose
names are here given, that all of them, save those that are
marked with x , were able to write their own names ; though
* Town Book, B. 1-10.

ows :
John Clark
John Osborne
Isaac orsbon
hope carpntr
David Dunham
Andrew Craige
John Crane
Caleb Jefferrys
John Denman
Thomas Price
Miles Williams
Thomas x Akin
Richard Lambert
Joseph Clark
John Atkinson
Elnathan Cory
Jonathan Crane
Edward Gillman
David Lambert
richerd hall
Richard Clark jnr
Josiah Terrill
John lambert 3d
Joseph Cory
John Shotwell
Ephraim Terrill
John Terrill
Samuel Woodruf
Daniel Williams
David x Jennings
Jonathan Dayton
Jonathan Whitaker
James Colie
Ezekiel Sayre
Benjamin x Acarlee
Thomas Jefferrys
Thomas Chapman*

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 313
it must be admitted that the chirography, in most cases, is
capable of much improvement. The list is far from complete.
Other lists, a few years later, show that very many, who were
living in the town at this date, and in full sympathy with
these subscribers, are not included in the list of signatures.
It contains, probably, only those who were present at the
town-meeting and voted. The subscribing witnesses were,
Thomas Price and Thomas Hill.
Several new names appear. Among them, and third in
order, is the name of the two Presbyterian ministers, Jonathan
Dickinson, of the town, and Nathaniel Hubbell, of Westfield,
among the leaders of the party of popular rights, as Mr.
Yaughan, the Episcopal minister, whose law-suit was still
pending, was of the opposing party. So numerous, too, was
the former party, it will be observed, that their business was
transacted in the name of the town, — at a " town-meeting,"
and not a meeting of the party.
An almost entire change was made in the membership of
the Committee of Seven Select Men, at the town-meeting,
April 4, 1732, Joseph Williams, Joseph Halsey, Jeremiah
Crane, Samuel Miller, Caleb Jefferys, John Crane, and
Joseph Bonnel, Esqr, having been then appointed.*
Another litigation was commenced in 1731. Patrick Lith-
gow had become a claimant, by a Proprietary right, to a
tract of land west of the Rahway river, within the bounds
of the town, that originally, Ap. 11, 1682, had been surveyed
to Sir George and Philip Carteret, and conveyed subsequent
ly to Peter Schuyler. A portion of the saine tract, by virtue
of the Allotment of 1699-1700, and by right of the Indian
purchase of 1664, had come into the possession of John
Robison, Henry Clarke, Andrew Craige, Joshua Marsh and
others of the E. T. Associates. Actions of Ejectment were
brought, in the May Term of the Supreme Court of New
Jersey, 1731, against these four occupants. These cases
came to trial at the May Term of 1734, and a.general verdict
was found by a Middlesex jury, for the defendants : —
thus, as understood by the latter and their friends, confirm-
• Town. Book, B. 11.

314 THE HISTORY OF
ing the validity of the E. Town Purchase and the Nicolls
Grant* In order more firmly to bind themselves and those who
purchased of them, to the defence of their Titles, bonds were
given to [Rev.] Nathaniel Hubbell, John Crane, and Joseph
Shotwell, a Committee of Trustees chosen for this purpose,
whereby they severally came under obligation, to pay (not
exceeding the sum of £10, Proclamation Money,) such sums
as should be duly assessed upon them by the said Trustees
towards defraying the charges and expenses of maintaining
and defending the E. Town Title, according to the judgment
and discretion of the Committee of Seven.f
Further to provide the means of defraying these charges,
" it was agread and voted by a Greait majorility of those In
terested " in the Nicolls Grant, at a town meeting, July 1,
1734, to empower the seven select men, to dispose of
All that Tract of Land or any part or parcel Thereof Begining at
Oeder Brook where Essex Line Croses the said Brook and from Thence
Euning west six miles and from Thence the Nearest Corse to the moun
tain from Thence as the said mountain Runs to the hundred acres Lots
formerly survea1 according to the Town order and agreement and from
Thence to the first mentioned place to the said Ceder Brook. (Also)
To Dispose of what money, shall arise from the Sale of The said Lands,
or any part Thereof for the Genoral Intrust of the said Associates and
freeholders. In Defending Them or any of Them In The possion of Their
property or In dispossessing any That shall unjustly Intrude upon any
part of the aforesaid purchase and Grant.J
This tract was wholly in what is now Somerset Co., and
included a considerable part of the township of Warren,
with a small part of Bridgewater. In the subsequent pro
ceedings connected with these litigations, this measure
was made a matter of complaint against the Associates.
It was replied, that the Proprietors, "to defray and sup
port the Expense of their Proceedings and Law-Suits,
have sold at public vendue, and among themselves, several
Thousand Acres of Land," the one following the example
of the other.§
* E. T. Bill, p., 37. Ans. to Do., p. S3. t E. T. Bill, pp., 115-9. Ans. to Do., p. 83.
J Town Book, B. 8. § Ans. to E. T. Bill, p. 88.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 315
This controversy, affecting, as it did, every man's interests,
was, for long years, the all-engrossing topic of thought and
conversation, in all circles, among all classes. It came up at
every town-meeting, and was discussed in the Justices'
Courts, and at the Quarter Sessions. It forms, therefore, the
staple of the town-history for this period.
At a town-meeting on the second Tuesday (11th) of
March, 173|-, the seven Trustees were authorized to lay
out the remainder of the common land of the town, back
of the first mountain, into lots of 100 acres each, to be
divided by lot among the Associates ; and to arrange with
those who had already improved any portion of these lands ;
the money thus received to be appropriated to the defence
of the people against those claiming under proprietary
titles* It was charged by the other party, that the measure, then
discussed and adopted, was fully and effectually carried out ;
that a great number of the Proprietary tenants, fearing the
logs of their improvements, were induced either to purchase,
or take leases of, the land thus occupied, from the Town
Trustees. Nor was the fact at all denied or questioned. Con
sequent on this conversion of title, an Action of Ejectment
was brought, in the August Term of the Supreme Court of
New Jersey, by James Fenn, holding by Proprietary right
derived from the three sons, (John, Thomas, and Richard),
of William Penn, against John Chambers and a Mr. Alcorn ;
thus opening anew the litigation which had been quieted by
the decision in the Schuyler case, and requiring another con
siderable outlay to meet the charges necessary for defending
their titles.f
A town meeting, therefore, was held, Sept. 16, 1735, duly
convened by warrant from the Magistrates, Joseph Bonnel
and Joseph Man, EsqrB, at which the seven Trustees were im-
powered, to dispose of
A Certain Tract or Parcell of Land Lying west from a place Known
by the name of Baskine Ridge and between the west Jersey line not to
* Town Book, B. 4, 5. t E. T. Bill, pp. 47, 8. Ans. to Do., pp. 33, 4.

316 THE HISTORY OF
exceed Eight Milles upon the East and west line and to Extend to our
utmost bounds upon the North and south Lines Provided always That
the sd Tract of Land be not convey'd and sold for Less then two Thousand
Pounds Current Money of New Jersey and so in Proportion for a Lesser
Quantity of said Land and it is further agreed and Concluded That
we the said Associates and ffreeholders Do Reserve one Third part of
said Tract of Land to ourselves if Required by said ffreeholders and
then and In such case to Deduct one Third part of said Two Thousand
Pounds all which money is to be Improv'd for the General Good of sd
ffreeholders.* This tract, remote as it is from the locality of the original
settlement, was clearly included in the township of Elizabeth-
Town, as defined by the Act of 1693, and as clearly in the
land conveyed by the Indian purchase and the Nicolls
patent. It embraced the northern half of Somerset County,
and a considerable part of what is now Morris County. No
wonder, that the Proprietors, astounded by this vigorous
action of the irrepressible yeomanry of Elizabeth Town, should
speak of " the Lines of their vast Pretensions ; " nor that
James Alexander, the father of " Lord Stirling," should write,
Oct. 1, 1735, to Col. John Hamilton [son of Gov. Andrew],
at Perth Amboy, " advising him to call a meeting of the
Proprietors of East Jersey, to devise measures to stop the
proceedings of the Elizabeth Town people in extending their
bounds and granting lands."f
A large body of land yet remained unappropriated, lying
to the West of the surveys and allotments of 1699-1700, in
cluding what were familiarly known as the First and Second
Mountains, as far as the Newark Line on the North, with the
intervening Yalley drained by Blue Brook, the Eastern Branch
of Cedar Brook, on either side of which the village of Feltville
has since grown up ; and the whole region watered by the
Passaic River above Chatham, embracing the whole of the
present Township of New Providence, in Union County, and
the Southern parts of Chatham and Morris Townships in
Morris County. Portions of the tract were exceedingly rug
ged, and others low and swampy ; but other portions, of large
extent, were quite productive and desirable. Immigration
* E. T. Book, B. 8. t E. T. Bill, p. 49. Analytical Index, p. 164.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 317
had already found its way thither, in search of fruitful soil,
healthful residences, and valuable mill-sites.
It was, therefore, deemed best to repeat the measure of
1699, and make a further distribution of the landed domain
of the town. A new generation, the grandchildren of the old
planters, had come to years, and needed room to plant and
build for themselves. A town-meeting was held, according
ly, Nov. 8, 1736, and measures were taken to effect the de
sired object. Joseph Morse (the son of Joseph, and the
grandson of Peter Morse, both deceased) was chosen and
duly qualified as the Town Surveyor ; and John Megie was
chosen, Nov. 14, 1737, one of- the Seven Men, in place ot
Samuel Miller, whose growing infirmities of body unfitted
him for service.*
The work confided to the Seven Men and the Surveyor
was duly and faithfully performed. The first 43 lots were
surveyed Dec. 27-9, 1736 ; Lots, 44-164, Nov. 22 to Dec. 3,
1737; the Additional Survey, 1-109, Jan. 17 to Feb. 22,
173£; and Corson's Survey of 7 Lots, Jan. 6, 173f. The
whole of this large territory — the back country of the town
— was regularly laid out, and divided into 280 one-hundred-
acre lots ; of all which due report was made at a town-meet
ing, held, March 28,1738, for the distribution, by lot, of the
respective shares to which each of the Associates, by their
heirs and assigns, was entitled. The mode of allotment .was
determined by the following vote :
All such persons as shall have a first, second or third Lott Right within
the sd Elizabeth Town purchase and in the first Division of the Lands to
the Northward of the South mountaia (Now to be drawn for) and have
Disposed of or Conveyed any such Right or Rights to any person or per
sons whatsoever that he or they to whom sd Disposal or Conveyance of sd
first, second or third Lot Right has first been made or Conveyed as
aforesd may and shall by virtue of this vote (as aforesd first made and
conveyed) have the first Draugh of the alotment of the Lands Now to be
Drawn for in the Division of the sd Lands and those that have the second
Conveyance shall have the second Lot and so on as aforesaid.!
* E. Town Book, B. 16, 17.
t This latter Survey included the greater part of the Passaic Valley, South of Chatham ;
occupied at the present day, to a great extent, by descendants of these first occupants ; of whom
extended notices are given by John Littell, in his "Genealogies of the First Settlers of Pas-

318 THE HISTORY OF
Joseph Williams having died, and Jeremiah Crane by rea
son of age having become infirm, Messrs. Jonathan Dayton
and John Ogden were chosen, Mar. 13, 173f, Committee
men in their place.
The new allotments gave occasion for renewed litigation
with the Proprietors, and their Assigns. Daniel Cooper held
a Proprietary claim to a portion of the lands thus surveyed
and allotted. An action of Trespass was, therefore, brought,
in his name, " against Joseph Moss, John Crane, John Den-
nan, John Scudder, John Terril, Samuel Norris, sen. and
Samuel Norris, jun., the then Committee or Managers for
the said Clinker Lot Right Men." So they were styled in
the bill; but erroneously, as only one of the number, John
Crane, belonged to the Committee. The Cause came on for
a hearing in the May Term of the Supreme Court, 1738, and
the defendants pleading — " Not Guilty " — it was deferred
for proof.*
James Logan, also, about the same time, holding by a Pro
prietary claim, brought sundry actions of Trespass and Eject
ment against a number of his tenants, in the Western part of
the Elizabeth Town purchase, who had, also, bought, or
taken leases, of the Town Committee. Similar actions were
brought in the August Term of 1738, against Benjamin Man
ning and Wright Skinner, in the name of Daniel Axtell, de
ceased. In respect to one of these actions, the following
record was made, in the Town Book, of the proceedings of a
town-meeting, held, June IS, 1739 : —
Agreed and Concluded, that mr John Blanchard mr Eduard Sale mr
Jonathan alien mr william miller and mr thomas Clark are to cullect
money of the Inhabitants of the purchase of Elizabeth town for Defray
ing the Charges in Runing out the said purchase By a Jury of Revieueln
an action Depending Betweeu James Logan plantiff and Joseph manning
Defendant and a rule of Court made for y° same. (Also), mr John Crain
and mr Jonathan Dayton are Impowerod to Receiue the money cullected
By mr John Blanchard mr Eduard Sale mr Jonathan alien mr william
miller or thomas Clark and Dispose of the same in Defraying the Charges
of Runing out the sd purchase to the Jury of Revieue or any other Charges
salo Valley, (and Vicinity,) above Chatham— with their Ancestors and Descendants, as far as
oan now bo ascertained. 1S51." E. T. Book, B. 16, o. e. E. Town Book of Surveys, C. 1-60.
* E. Town Bill, pp. 49, 00. Ans. to Do., pp. 84, 5.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 319
which they the sd mr John Crain or mr Jonathan Dayton shall think
Necessary in that affair.
As Logan's claim was in the extreme West of the Pur
chase, and it was doubtful whether it was included therein,
the Court had ordered the question of fact to be determined
by a Jury of Review.
At the same town-meeting, the question of the Newark
boundary line, also, came up again for consideration, and it
was agreed,
That Justice andrew Joline mr John Blanchard and mr Daniel potter
are Impowered by the associates and freeholders aboue said to aGree with
the people of Newark to settle and ascertain a Division Line Between the
Town of Newark and Elizabeth town and to take such measures and
means as to them the sd Justice andrew Joline mr John Blanchard and mr
Daniel potter shall seem proper in order to obtain the said Division Liue
to be Established and to have Reasonable Satisfaction for their service in
that affair. *
The Newark people appointed, Oct. 24, 1739, " Jonathan
Crane Esq'r, Col'l Josiah OgJen, and Samuel Farrand Esq'r.
a Committee to treat with the People of Elizabeth Town
about settling a Line between the two Towns."*
Whatever was done in the matter, the result was the same
as on former occasions ; inasmuch as the line was still unad
justed, fifteen years later. It was a large and valuable in
heritance that the Town received from the original pur
chasers, but it cost them a vast deal of time, expense, and per
plexity, to determine its exact bounds, and to defend it against
all trespassers.f
It was, probably, the difficulty experienced in conducting
these delicate and intricate affairs in town-meeting, and the
doubtfulness of the authority claimed, in some instances by
the Committee men, or Trustees, that led the principal men
of the town to seek an Incorporation — to obtain a Charter
by means of which they could more promptly and thoroughly
transact the public business.
The time was opportune. New Jersey, after having been
for thirty-five years an appendage of the Province of New
* E. Town Book, B. 20, o. e. Newark Town Eecords, p. 134.
t Newark Town Eecords, p. 341.

320 THE HISTORY OF
York, under a succession of Royal Governors residing in the
City of New York, had at length, after repeated remonstran
ces and entreaties, obtained a position independent of the
other Provinces, with one of her own citizens, Lewis Morris,
as Governor. His long familiarity with the Territory and
with the people, as a private citizen and in publi-c office, had
made him acquainted with the towns and their need. Joseph
Bonnel, a man of commanding influence at home, had repre
sented the town in Gov. Morris' first Legislature (1738-39),
of which he had been chosen Speaker, from which position *
he had been transferred by the Governor to the Bench of the
Supreme Court, having been appointed, May, 1739, Second
Judge, Robert Hunter Morris being Chief Justice.*
A petition, therefore, was prepared, and circulated, praying
Gov. Morris to procure from his Majesty, the King, a Charter
of Incorporation for the town, as 'a free town or borough. It
was extensively signed, the first names being in order as
follows : " Joseph Bonnel, Andrew Joline, Thomas Price,
John Ross, John Blanchard, John Crane, Thomas Clark,
Matthias Hetfield, Noadiah Potter, John Halstead, Nathaniel
Bonnel, Samuel Woodruff, Samuel Marsh, Jonathan Hamp
ton, William Chetwood, Edward Thomas, and Cornelius Het
field." These were the leading men of the town, representing
both of the parties into which it was divided, and both of the
religious denominations. As Judge Bonnel's name leads the
petition, it is quite likely that he himself had prepared it, and
presented it.
The petition was favorably received, and a Charter granted
by his Majesty, George IL, bearing date Feb. 8, 17f-j|-. It
constituted the Passaic River, from the mouth of Dead River
to the Minisink Crossing, the Western boundary of the
Borough. The territory was nearly co-terminous with the
present Union County. On the South-west, however, it in
cluded nearly the whole of the town of Warren in Somerset
County. It was to be known "by the name of the Free
Borough and town of Elizabeth." It appointed Joseph Bon
nell, Esqr, "Mayor and Clark of the Market," and Coroner;
* Anal. Index of N. J. Docmts., p. 175.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY 321
also; John Blanchard, Esqr, Recorder; "Andrew Joline,
Matthias Hatfield, Thomas Price, John Ross, John Crane, &
Thomas Clark Esqra," Aldermen ; " Noadiah Potter, John
Halstead, Nathaniel Bonnel, Samuel Woodruff, Samuel Marsh
& Jonathan Hampton Gent.," "Assistants and Common
Councill;" "William Chetwood Esqr," Sheriff; Jonathan
Dayton, Chamberlain; Thomas Hill, Marshall; " John Rad-
lev, George Ross, Junior, Daniel Marsh & John Scudder,
Assessors ; Robert Ogden, John Odle, John Terrill & Wil
liam Clark, Collectors; James Townley, High Constable;
and Robert Little, Nathaniel Price, Richard Harriman, John
Looker, John Craige, Daniel Dunham to be petit Constables ;
Henry Garthwait, Cornelius Hetfield, John Radley Senr,
John Allen, Ephraim Marsh & Daniel Day," " Overseers for
the Poor ; " and " Michael Kearny, Esqr," Common Clerk.
It accorded to the Mayor, Aldermen and Common Coun
cil all the Rights, Immunities ¦ and Privileges usually granted
to bodies corporate; as will be seen by reference to the ex
ceedingly voluminous Document itself.*
Of the above-named officers of the new Corporation, An
drew Joline had been Collector for this town from 1734 to
1738, and Justice, as early as 1735. His death occurred not
later than 1742. William Chetwood had been Sheriff of the
County, as early as 1735, succeeding Benjamin Bonnell.
Joseph Bonnell, Thomas Price, and Matthias Hatfield had
been Justices.
The town had, from the first, been the leading town in East
Jersey. In 1734, the Rates for Essex Co. were as follows :
for Elizabeth Town, £56. 0. 0 : for Newark, £44. 14. 0 : for
Acquackanong, £14. 7. 3. Agreeably to the action of the
town, June 18, 1739, the Line was drawn separating Essex
County from Middlesex and Somerset Counties, for which
the following charges were paid : To Mr. Joseph Bonnell,
" for procuring a Writ or Warrant for Runing the Division
Line," £2. 14. 0.
To Wm. Chetwood, Sheriff, for time and Expences, 6. 0. 0.
To John Blanchard, Surveyor, " " " 2. 2. 0.
* Murray's Notes, pp. 23-44.
21

£2.

0. 0.

1.

8. 0.

1.

19. 10.

1.

6. 0.

117.

9. 10.*

322 THE HISTORY OF
To Jonathan Hampton, Surveyor, for time and
Expences,
To John Crane, for time and Expences,
To Nathaniel Bonnel, " 'f
To Daniel Potter, " "
February 27, 17£f "
During the first sixty years of the settlement the newspa
per was unknown. Information of current events at home
and abroad was received by correspondence, or oral commu
nication. The gathering at the "meeting-house;" on the
Lord's Day, was tire principal occasion for the diffusion of
intelligence, whether of domestic occurrences, or of provin
cial and foreign events. Advertisements were posted at the
doors of the meeting-house, where all could read them. The
Boston " News-Letter," a half-sheet of paper, 12 by 8 inches,
was started, April 24, 1704 ; but it is scarcely probable, that
it circulated here. Possibly a single copy may have found
its way hither occasionally. The same may be said of the
" Boston Gazette," commenced at the close of 1719, and of
the " New England Courant," commenced at Boston, Aug.
17, 1721.f
" The New York Gazette " was introduced to the public
by Wm. Bradford, Oct 16, 1725, being the first Weekly Pa
per established in the City of New York. Though a dimin
utive affair, the event was of no small importance. This
humble periodical brought the people of the city and neigh
boring towns, into a familiar and accurate acquaintance with
passing occurrences of greatest interest, and was made, also,
the vehicle of communicating one with another. The Ad
vertisements were few and brief, and the News-items exceed
ingly meagre. But occasionally a paragraph appears shed
ding light on the social and commercial interests and history
of this town. The earliest notices of the kind, now to be
found, are worthy of a place in these pages. The very first
is connected with the institution of Domestic Slavery, now,
by the good providence of God, brought to a perpetual end : —
* Efsex Co. Justices' Account Book.
t Buckingham's Specimens of Nowspapor Literature, I. 4, 44, 9.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 323
Run away from Solomon Bates of Elizabeth Town, a Negroe Man,
called Clause, aged about 27 years old, has got with him a Homspun
Coat of Linen and Wool, with Brass Buttons, an Ozenbrig Vest with
black Buttons and Button-holes, and an old striped Vest, Leather Breeches,
new Homespun Wosted Stockings, black Shoes with Buckles ; he has a
Hat and Cap, and he can play upon the Fiddle, and speaks English and
Dutch. Whoever can take up the said Negro, and bring him to his said
Master, or secure him and give Notice, so that his Master can have
him again, shall have reasonable Satisfaction, besides all reasonable
Charges.* Mr. Bates' name first occurs, Nov. 9, 1714, in the old
" Record of Ear Marks for Elizabeth Town ; " but he seems
to have had no connection with the Associates. His name
occurs, also, in " the Morristown Bill of Mortality," p. 13,
as having died of old age (100) November, 1771. His widow
died, also of old age, March 18, 1787, 97 years old. They
must have removed to Morristown at an early day. Claus,
or Nicholas, formerly belonged to Daniel Badgley. He was
arrested and restored to his master. But he had a persistent
propensity to have his own way ; and, less than two years
afterwards, Mr. Bates complains that he had taken himself
away again, and, this time, —
He has taken with him a grey Homespun Drugget Coat trim'd with
Black, a white linnen Vest trim'd with black, and a homespun Kearsay
Vest, a Pair of Leather Breeches, with red Puffs and Shoes and Stock-
ings.t " Mr. Benjamin Price, Attorney at Law in New York,"
has for sale a House and Lot in New Brunswick. Mr. Price-
was a grandson of one of the Associates and bore his name.:]:.
The public are informed that
there is good Entertainment for Men and Horses and Horses to be-
Let at all Times by William Donaldson at the Rose and Crown in Eliza
beth Town, New Jersey.§
The House, Stable and Garden of Benjamin Hill in Elizabeth-Town in
New Jersey, is to be Let from year to year, or for a term of years. It is
a very convenient place for a Trades-man or a Shop-keeper. ||
At the Sign of the Ship in Elizabeth-Town lives Benjamin Hill, who,
keeps Horses to Let, and where all Travellers and others may be accom-
* N. T. Gazette, June 1, 1780. t lb., May 8, 1732. X H>-> July 20, 1730.
§ lb., Oct. 16, 1783. ] lb., Mar. 25, 1784.

324 THE HISTORY OF
modated with good Entertainment for Man and Horse at all Times in the
White House which Mr. Schuyler bought of Mr. Townley.*
This was the house built by Gov. Carteret shortly before
his death, of which Col. Townley became possessed by marry
ing the Governor's widow.
On Wednesday the 23 of April next at the Paper Mill in Elizabeth-
Town, there will be Sold at Public Vendue to the highest Bidder, all
sorts of Household Goods, Cattle, Horses, Hogs, Cart, Plows, Harrows
with Iron Teeth, and other Utensils : The Plantation adjoyning to the
said Mill will also be sold, which contains about Ninety Acres, &c.f
It was at this Mill that the Paper was made, on which the
Gazette was printed. It is not known by whom the Mill was
built ; but, in 1728, it was purchased by William Bradford,
of New York, who, in 1730-1, was a resident of the town.
His son, Andrew, was, at the same period, printing the
"American Weekly Mercury." The father and son had
quite a monopoly of government printing, and needed a mill
independent of the foreign manufacturers. This was the
first paper mill in New Jersey.:):
To be Sold at Publick Vendue, on Tuesday the 26th of August instant,
at Elizabeth-Town in New Jersey, a Grist Mill and fulling Mill, also a
Lot of Ground, adjoyning to the Dwelling House of Edward Thomas, in
the Said Town, very convenient for a dwelling house and Garden, and
near the said Mill, as also sundry Household Good. All which were lately
belonging to Wm Williamson late of said Town, deceased, and power of
Selling the same given by his last Will to Margaret Williamson his Wid-
dow Now living at Elizabeth Town aforesaid. §
This was the old Mill that was still standing, until within
a few years, at the stone bridge in Broad street, — originally
constructed by the pioneer John Ogden, — the last vestiges of
which have now disappeared before the march of modern
improvement. In the Month of December last an Apprentice Lad named Abraham
Hendricks ran away from his Master John Ross of Elizabeth Town New-
Jersey ; said Lad is about Years of Age, was of small Stature, had a
brown great Coat and a Linsey Wosley under a Beaver Hat half worn
* N. T. Gazette, Mar. 81, 1735. t lb., Ap. T, 1T35.
} Historical Magazine, I. 86, 123 ; III. 173 ; VII. 210.
§ N. T. Gazetto, Aug. 26, 1785.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 325
having light colored hair and took a set of Shoemakers Tools along with
him, being a Shoemaker by Trade. (A Reward of 30s. and charges of
fered.)* Mr. Ross was named, in the Borough Charter, one of the
Aldermen of the Corporation, and became, in 1748, Mayor
of the Borough. Hendricks was, probably, the brother of
Isaac, and the son of Jonn Hendricks, who came here as
early as May, 1721, from Piscataway, where Daniel and
Jabez Hendricks, brothers, and Leonard Hendricks were
numbered among the original settlers. Abraham returned,
and his name is found among a large number of citizens,
attached to a Memorial forwarded in 1743 to the King,
George H.
These are to desire all Persons not to Trade with nor Trust my Wife
Hannah Tunis on my Account, for I will not pay any Debts that she shall
contract. , Peter Tunis.t
This is the first occurrence of the name in the Records, or
Chronicles of the Town. The family were early found among
the Dutch in New York.
We have an Account also that two Boys, the sons of Matthias Hat
field of Elizabeth Town in New Jersey, being in the Woods hunted a
Rabbit into a hollow Tree, and in order to get it cut down the Tree,
which fell upon the younger Brother and killed him dead on the Spot.}:
Mr. Hatfield was pne of the magistrates of the town, be
came High Sheriff and Alderman, and, by his daughter
Phebe, wife of Robert Ogden, Esq., was the grandfather of
Gen. Matthias and Gov. Aaron Ogden, and an ancestor of
Gov. Daniel Haines.
* N. T. Gazette, Ang. 25, 1T36. t lb., Sep. 29, 1785. J lb., Jan. 13, 173*.

326

THE HISTORY OF

CHAPTER XY.
A.D. 1108-1141.
Ecclesiastical — Rev. Jona. Dickinson — Parentage, Education, Marriage, and
Ordination — His Parish and Salary — Joins the Presbytery, Episcopal Con
troversy, Westfield TDhh. — "Adopting Act" of 1129 — Practices Medicine
— His " Reasonableness of Christianity " — Presbytery of E. Jersey — Elders
— Case of Hemphill — Another Episcopal Controversy — New Providence Chh.
—Presbytery of N. York — Whitefield at E. T. — Dickinson's "Witness of
the Spirit." — Revival of 1740 — Dickinson's "Five Points"— His "Display
of Special Grace " — Controversy on Regeneration — His " Familiar Letters."
— Old Side and New Side Controversy — Division of the Synod — Efforts to
Christianize the Indians — David Brainerd — Death of Mrs. Dickinson — His
Second Marriage — Another Episcopal Controversy — College of New Jersey
¦ — Dickinson, its first President — His Death and Character — His Family.
The vacancy occasioned by the retirement of the Rev.
Samuel Melyen from the pulpit of the Independent Church,
was filled, shortly after, by the Ordination and Installation
of the REV. JONATHAN DICKINSON.
He was the son of Hezekiah, and grandson of Nathaniel
Dickinson. His grandfather was among the early settlers
of Wethersfield, Ct., and emigrated thence, in 1659, to
Hadley, Mass. His son, Hezekiah, was born at Wethers
field, Feb., 164|-, became a merchant, and resided successive
ly in Stratford, Ct., and Hatfield, Hadley and Springfield,
Mass. He married, at Stratford, December 4, 1679,
Abigail, born Nov. 11, 1663, daughter of Samuel, and grand
daughter of Rev. Adam, Blackman, [Blakeman], the first
minister of Stratford, Ct., and a graduate of the University
of Oxford.*
* Savage's Gen. Dlot., 1. 195. IL 4T. Hlnman's Pur. Settlers of Ct., 1. 244. Goodwin's
Goncalog. Notes, pp. 6, T, 123.

a. n rtirrme.flc

First President- of 'Frincetoiv College-

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 327
Jonathan was the second child of these worthy parents.
He was born, April 22, 1688, at Hatfield, Mass., removed to
Hadley, in 1690, and to Springfield, in 1695, where he spent
the most of his youth. Possibly, a portion of his younger
days may have been passed at his grandfather Blackman's,
in Stratford. The worthy minister of Stratford, Rev. Israel
Chauncy, was one of the principal founders of Yale College,
which went into operation in 1702. Through his influence
it was, probably, that young Dickinson, entered the new
college the same year, and was received into the family of
the Rev. Abraham Pierson, of Killingworth, Ct., the first
President, at whose house the students received instruction
until his death in 1707. His tutor for three years, (1703-
1706), was John Hart, subsequently the minister of East
Guilford, Ct. He graduated in 1706. His classmates were
Jared Eliot (Mr. Pierson's successor in the ministry at Kill
ingworth, and highly celebrated as a physician as well as a
divine), and Timothy Woodbridge, minister of Simsbury, Ct.,
from 1712 to 1742.*
Shortly after he left College, his father died, (June 14,
1707), and his mother married, January 21, 170f , Thomas
Ingersoll, of Springfield, Mass. With whom young Dickin
son studied theology, and by whom he was licensed to preach,
no record informs us. While in College, at Killingworth, he
may frequently have extended his visits to Guilford, the next
town on the West, and there, among the Hubbards and Fow
lers, have met and courted their cousin, Joanna Melyen,
the daughter of Jacob, and the sister of the Rev. Samuel
Melyen. He may thus have had his attention directed to
the vacant pulpit in this town ; or the people here may have
been thus directed to him. Mr. Pierson, too, who had, for
more than 20 years, been the pastor of the Church of Newark,
and familiar with this whole region, may, at or soon after his
graduation, (for Mr. Pierson died, March 17, 170|), have
advised him to go to East Jersey.f
He was in his twenty-first year, a mere stripling, when he
» Trumbull's Conn., I. 501. Baldwin's Tale Coll., pp. 18-22. Tale Col. Triennial.
t Chapin's Glastenbury, p. 172.

328 THE HISTORY OF
came hither in 1708. His marriage to Miss Melyen must
have taken place as early as March, 1709, the birth of his
first child being thus recorded in his Family Bible : " Our
son Melyen was born December 7, 1709." His wife was
more than four years his senior, having been born in 1683.
His ministry proved so acceptable, that measures were soon
taken for his ordination as Pastor. The ministers of Fair
field County, who had just become consociated, according to
the Saybrook Platform of Sept. 9, 1708, were invited to per
form the services on that occasion. These ministers were
John Davenport of Stamford, Stephen Buckingham, of Nor-
walk, Joseph Webb of Fairfield, and Israel Chauncy of
Stratford. These, with "Messengers" from the several
Churches, constituted the ordaining Council, together with,
probably, the Rev. Nathaniel Wade with a Messenger from
the Church of Woodbridge ; and the Rev. Nathaniel Bowers
with a Messenger from the Church of Newark. The Rev.
Joseph Morgan had just left Greenwich, Ct., and been in
stalled at Freehold, N. J. He, too, was invited, and it had
been arranged that he should preach the sermon. The
ordination took place, on Friday, Sept. 29, 1709. Mr.
Morgan preached, from Mark xvi : 16, — " Go ye into all the
world," &c. . The discourse was printed, by W. & A. Brad
ford, at New York, in 1712, and a copy of it is preserved in
the Library of the Connecticut Historical Society at Hartford.
The theme of the sermon was, " The Great Concernment of
Gospel Ordinances, manifested from the great effects of im
proving or neglecting them." It was probably abbreviated
in the delivery, as " one of the ministers frequently desired
him to be brief, on account of the shortness of the day and
the greatness of the work in hand." He urges the duty of
thorough preparation for the pulpit, by the adage " A tow
lace ill beseems a silk garment." *
It was an extensive field of labor, with the cultivation of
which young Dickinson was thus entrusted. The town had
been spreading itself in every direction. It included, in
* Webster's His. of the Presb. Onh. in Am., pp. 858-61 ; Sprague's Annals, III. 14-18.
Trumbull's Oonn., I. 501, 2, 9, 15, 23.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 329
addition to the main settlement along the Creek, the neigh
borhoods of Woodruff's Farms, Lyon's Farms, Connecticut
Farms, Williams' Farms, a considerable population on both
sides of the upper Rahway river, and a large settlement on
the North of the River, at the crossing of the Woodbridge
road. A few scattered habitations were found in the present
town of Westfield, and at the Scotch Plains. Neither church
nor minister was yet to be found in the regions beyond
towards the setting sun. It was the extreme border of
civilization. An Episcopal Church, as already related, had
been organized within these bounds, but its numbers were
yet inconsiderable, and its pulpit was not yet supplied. Mr.
Yaughan had been appointed to the place, but had not
arrived. It was a weighty charge to be laid on such youth
ful shoulders. And yet not too weighty, as the sequel
proved. Quietly and diligently he applied himself to his
work, and his profiting presently appeared to all. It was not
long before he took rank among the first of his profession.*
The only information thus far obtained in regard to his
compensation is contained in a letter from the Rev. Thomas
Halliday, Episcopal Missionary, dated, "Elizabeth Town,
8th Nov., 1716 :—
In this part of East-Jersey there are three large Townships, Newark,
Elizabeth Town and Woodbridge which consist of upwards of a thousand
families the chief settlers of which were New England Independents, who
are now old and confirmed in their erroneous way. In each of those
towns there is a large Independent Congregation who suppoi't their
preachers with the allowance of £80 per annum besides House, Glebe,
and perquisites of Marriages, t
Yery brief notices only remain of the first few years of his
ministry. He took part, as a corresponding member of the
Presbytery of Philadelphia, Oct. 20, 1715, in the ordination
of Robert Orr, at Maidenhead, now LawrenceviUe, N. J. It
was, doubtless, through his influence, principally, that John
Pierson, one year younger than himself, with whom he had
been intimately associated, at the house of his father, Rev.
Abraham Pierson, at Killingworth, was introduced to the
• Clark's St. John's Chh., p. 84. t Clark's St. John's Chh., p/44.

330 THE HISTORY OF
people of Woodbridge, and settled there. Dickinson took
part with Prudden, Andrews, Morgan and Orr, April 29,
1717, in this ordination, also.*
Hitherto the church of Elizabeth Town had remained In
dependent, retaining the forms and usages of the New Eng
land churches. At the time of their organization, no Pres
bytery had been formed in America. It was not until forty
years had passed, that the Presbytery of Philadelphia was
constituted. One after another, the churches out of New
England were becoming connected with it. The church of
Freehold had joined the Presbytery as early as 1706 ; Wood-
bridge, and their minister, Nathaniel Wade, in 1710 ; New
town, L. L, and their minister, Samuel Pumroy, (a fellow-
student with Dickinson, at Yale, where, in 1705, he gradu
ated), in 1715 ; and Southampton (with whom the people of
this town were so intimately connected), with their minister,
Joseph Whiting, and his colleague, Samuel Gelston, had been
received in 1716. , Dickinson, it may be presumed from the
well-known preferences of President Pierson, was not averse
to the change from Independency to Presbyterianism. But
he was very young, and needed first to establish himself with
his people before proposing any innovations. They were
thorough Puritans, and, as has been abundantly exhibited in
this narrative, men of spirit. They were slow to part with
what they conceived to be their rights. Dickinson was not
a member of the Presbytery previous to September, 1716, as
appears from the roll. It is quite probable that he united
with the Presbytery of Philadelphia, at their ' meeting in
Woodbridge, April 29, 1717, for the ordination of Mr. John
Pierson, on which occasion, he took part in the services.f
At the meeting of the newly-constituted Synod of Phila
delphia, Sept. 17, 1717, his name is enrolled as the youngest
member. His church, also, either then or very soon after,
put themselves under the care of the Presbytery. The fol
io wing^ year, Sept. 19, 1718, it is noted in the Records, that
" Mr. Dickinson delivered one pound twelve shillings from
* Eecords of the Presb. Chh., U. S. A., pp. 41, 8.
t Eecords, P. Chh., pp. 7, 16, 89, 42, 6.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 231
his congregation of Elizabeth-town, for the fund, " for pious
uses." This was, undoubtedly, the first contribution for
Presbyterian purposes ever made by this congregation.
From 1719 until after 1724, probably until 1733, he was the
Stated Clerk of the Presbytery, as appears from the Record
of the Synod : — " The book of the Presbytery of Philadelphia
was not produced by reason of Mr. Dickinson's absence."
He was "necessarily detained by his brother's sickness."
His brother, Moses, had been settled at Hopewell [Penning
ton], in 1717. He took part, Oct. 22, 1719, in the ordination
of Joseph Webb, at Newark, by the Presbytery of Philadel
phia. So rapidly had he risen in the estimation of the Synod,
that, when a Standing Commission was appointed in 1720, he
was made one of the number.*
For the first time, the church was represented in the Synod
of 1721, by one of their elders, Robert Ogden, son of Deacon
Jonathan, and grandson of " Old John Ogden." Mr. Dick
inson was chosen Moderator. Though he had, in good faith,
adopted the Presbyterian system, he could not wholly forego
that in which he had been trained. Against an overture,
adopted, by the Synod, which savored of the stricter and
more rigid system of the old world, he, with five other breth
ren of like liberal views, — Webb, of Newark, Pierson, of
Woodbridge, Morgan, of Freehold, and two Welsh breth
ren, — protested. At the opening of the Synod, the following
year, he preached the sermon, from 2 Tim. iii. 17 ; in which
he took occasion to define his views of ecclesiastical jurisdic
tion, in justification of his Protest of the previous year : "an
excellent Sermon," says Foxcroft of Boston, " where the true
Boundaries of Church-Power are particularly considered and
set in their proper Light." f
At this meeting he succeeded, after the subject had been
fully discussed, in so harmonizing the views of the Synod by
the presentation of a paper on the subject, as to carry their
unanimous assent, and lead them to a hearty giving of thanks
» lb., pp. 46, 51, 4, 62, T6, 80. Stearns' Newark, p. 122.
t Eecords, P. Chh., pp. 62, 6, T, 72. Webster's P. Chh.; p. 859. Prof, to " Ecasonableness
ofChy."p.ix.

332 THE HISTORY OF
in prayer and praise, for the composure of their difference."
In this paper, the power'of the keys is accorded to the church
officers, and to them only ; care is taken to distinguish be
tween legislative acts binding on the conscience, and orderly
regulations conformed to God's Word ; and the right of
appeal from the lower to the higher court is admitted. His
sermon on this occasion was shortly after published, being
his first appearance in print. The church was represented
in the Synod, this year, by Elder Joseph Woodruff, whose
affidavit relative to the Newark Boundary Line is recorded
in the Answer to the Elizabeth Town Bill in Chancery.*
Mr. Dickinson was also fully alive to the zealous efforts of
the Rev. Mr. Yaughan, his townsman, and others of the
Episcopal ministry, to extend the influence of the Church of
England in the Colonies. The defection of Timothy Cutler,
President, and Daniel Browne, Tutor of Yale College, with
Samuel Johnson, Minister of West Haven, Ct.,to Episcopacy,
in the autumn of 1722, followed by Messrs. Hart, Eliot,
Whittlesey, and Wetmore, shortly after, produced a profound
impression throughout the country, turning the attention
of the ministry and churches, both Congregational and Pres
byterian, to what they regarded as "the assumptions" of
Prelacy. Mr. Johnson, having received Episcopal ordina
tion, was appointed a missionary to Stratford and vicinity, in
Connecticut, — the only Episcopal minister in the Colony, —
commencing his work in November, 1723. One of his zealous
parishioners, shortly after, published a pamphlet, entitled,
" A modest Proof of the Order and Government settled by
Christ and his Apostles in the Church." A copy of this
pamphlet came into the hands of Mr. Dickinson, many of
them, probably, being circulated in the town. He imme
diately prepared and published, in 1724, at Boston, a reply in
" Defence of Presbyterian Ordination." f
His antagonist, wholly unable to cope with him in argu
ment, called in the aid of his minister, Mr. Johnson, by
whom he was furnished with " a sketch of the common argu-
* Eecords, ut antca.
t Spraguo's Annals, V. 51. Chandler's Life of Johnson, pp. 26-82, fl, 69,

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 333
ments in favour of the doctrine of the Church " of England ;
which the other sent in his own name to Mr. Dickinson.
This drew forth another publication from the latter, in which
he affirmed that " High Churchism is properly no more a
part of the Church of England, than a wen is of the human
body." To this, also, Mr. Johnson furnished his parishioner
with a rejoinder. " Sometime after Mr. Dickinson enlarged
and printed his own papers in this dispute ; upon which Mr.
Johnson thought proper to publish what he had written on
the other side." *
The Records of the Synod, year by year, give abundant
evidence of his interest and activity in ecclesiastical matters,
as, also, of the confidence reposed in him by his brethren,—
his name appearing on almost every commission, to which
matters of moment were referred. He was appointed, Sept.
20, 1723, to visit certain Memorialists in Virginia, and preach
some Sabbaths to them, within the year following. It is not
known, whether he went or not. His rare and commanding
ability as a preacher subjected him to many invitations to
go abroad and be helpful to other ministers and churches.f
That portion of the congregation, who had removed back
into the country, beyond the Rahway river, had, in 1727,
become so numerous, and found it so inconvenient to attend
public worship in the old meeting-house, that they began to
hold public services among themselves, on the Lord's Day,
and had secured the ministrations of the Rev. Nathaniel
Hubbell, a portion of the time. The Westfield Church was
organized, probably, at a somewhat later date.:]:
At the meeting of the Synod in 1727, it was proposed to
require of every minister and candidate a ¦ hearty assent to
the Westminster Confession and Catechisms. No action was
then taken. In 1728, it was taken up, but deferred until the
following year. Mr. Dickinson, " the ablest and most influ
ential member of the Synod," as Dr. Hodge calls him, at once
took ground against the proposition. His constitutional Jove of
* Chandler's Life of Johnson, p. 70.
t Eecords, P. Chh., p. 74.
X lb., pp. 83, 6. Webster's P. Chi., p. 386. Huntting's.His. Sermon, pp. 10, 13.

334 THE HISTORY OF
liberty, and his fear of any infringement of the rights of the
ministry, led him to oppose the measure, and present his
reasons for rejecting it. The overture had been printed. A
response to it from the pen of Dickinson was also printed, by
Zenger, at New York, a copy of which is found in the old
South Church Library, Boston. It is dated, April 10, 1729,
and shows, that, while he himself cordially accepted these
Symbols of Faith, he was opposed to all imposition of creeds
of human composure. Having been placed on the Commit
tee to whom the proposition was referred, he succeeded in
modifying it to 6uch an extent, as to unite the whole Synod,
with thanksgiving to God, in the support and adoption of the
measure, thenceforward known as, " the Adopting Act." *
It will be remembered that only a few weeks later, Mr.
Dickinson subscribed, at home, a paper designed to unite
more closely and effectively his townsmen in their opposition
to the pretensions of the East Jersey Proprietors. Having
cast in his lot with his people in defence of their homesteads,
he proved himself, in that controversy, as in the Synod, an
invaluable counselor and organizer in defence of popular
rights. In all the straits and trials, growing out of the liti
gations with which they were disturbed, he ever stood with
them, and never shrunk from any responsibilities thus de
volved upon him. He endeared himself to his congregation,
not only by his admirable pastoral qualifications, iully ex
emplified in all his intercourse with them, but by attention
to their bodily maladies. He gave himself to the study of
medicine as well as of divinity, and acquired a high repu
tation as a physician. In Zenger's Weekly Journal, Feb. 16,
173|, will be found a communication from his pen, descrip
tive of " the Throat Distemper " (at that time prevailing
fearfully and fatally in these parts), and proposing what he
regarded as an effectual remedy .f
The period in which he served the Church was noted for
the prevalence of scepticism. The writings of Hobbes,
Blount, Toland, Shaftesbury, Collins, Woolston, Wollaston,
» Eeoords, pp. 89, 91, 2, 8. Hodge's P. Chh., 1. 162-178. Webster's P. Chh., pp. 103-8.
t E. Town Book, B..4, App. to Green's Discourses, p. 297. Christian Advocate, X 52.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 335
Tindal, and Chubb, the modern apostles of Deism, had ob
tained a wide circulation, and were greedily devoured. It
was fashionable to decry both Inspiration and Revelation.
Men gloried in " the Religion of Nature," and decried the
Holy Scriptures, the Church, and the Christian. Reason was
deified and Christ dethroned. The tendencies of the pulpit
were towards a low Arminianism — latitudinarianism in doc
trine and practice.*
Mr. Dickinson set himself to breast and beat back the
waves of error. He prepared and preached to his people, a
short series of discourses, which, soon after, were printed in
a convenient manual edition, with the following title :
The Reasonableness of Christianity, in Ebur Sermons, Wherein The
Being and Attributes of God, the Apostacy of Man, and the Credibility
of the Christian Religion, are demonstrated by rational Considerations.
And the Divine Mission of our blessed Saviour prov'd by Scripture-Ar
guments, both from the Old Testament and the New ; and vindicated
against the most important Objections, whether of ancient or modern In
fidels. By Jonathan Dickinson, M. A. Minister of the Gospel at Elizabeth-
Town, N. Jersey. Cum dilectione fides Christiaui : Sine dilectione fides
daemonum : Qui autem non credunt, pejores sunt quam daemones. —
Aug. de charit. With a Preface by Mr. Eoxcroft. Boston: N. E.
Printed by S. Kneeland and T. Green, for Samuel Gerrish at the lower
end of Cornhill. MDCCXXXII.
The author is thus introduced by the Rev. Thomas Fox-
croft, of Boston : —
The reverend and learned Author of the ensuing Discourses needs not
any Epistles of Commendation to such as are acquainted with his Per
son and Character: Whose Praise is in the Gospel thorowout all the
Churches in those remote parts where Divine Providence has cast his
Lot. Neither is he unknown to the Publick : which has been favour'd with
several lesser Writings of his, formerly publish'd on special occasions ;
that must have left on the Minds of those who have read them, a grate
ful Relish, and such an Idea of Mr. Dickinson's peculiar Genius, Capacity
and Judgment, as cannot but prepare them to come with raised Expecta
tions and a particular Gust, to the perusal of the following Tracts ; Which
it would therefore be as superfluous to recommend to such, as it would
be thought vain in me to attempt a profuse Encomium on them for the
* Dickinson favored the "Half- Way Covenant," but not the lax views'of Doctrine grow
ing out of it. Chn . Advocate, X. 147.

336 THE HISTORY OF
sake of others ; nor indeed would the known Modesty of the Author in
dulge me in taking this Liberty.
They are truly admirable discourses, learned, discriminat
ing, and logical ; full of pith and power ; pointed and im
pressive. Happy the people favored with the ministry of
such a teacher ! Happy the children whose early years were
blessed with such instructions !
In 1733, was published, at Boston, New England, "The
Scripture-Bishop Yindicated. A Defence of the Dialogue
Between Praelaticus and Eleutherius, upon The Scripture
Bishop, or The Divine Right of Presbyterian Ordination and
Government, Against The Exceptions of a Pamphlet Intitled
The Scripture Bishop Examined. By Eleutherius, Y. D. M.
In a Letter to a Friend." This book, now exceedingly rare
(the only copy known to the author of this history being in
his own library), was ascribed, a few years later, by Rev.
George Beckwith, of Lyme, Ct., to Mr. Dickinson. It was
undoubtedly the product of his pen.
In the following year he was called to preach the funeral
sermon of Ruth, the wife of his friend, Rev. John Pierson, of
Woodbridge, and the daughter of the Rev. Timothy Wood-
bridge of Hartford, Ct. This sermon was printed at New
York, the same year, by William Bradford.*
In 1733, the Presbytery of East Jersey was formed out of
the Presbytery of Philadelphia, and Dickinson became, at
once, the acknowledged head of the new Presbytery. In
1734, his Elder, Matthias Hatfield, accompanied him to Synod.
As the early Records of the Church are not extant, it is only
by reference to the Records of the Synod, that the names of
the Elders previous to 1765 can be ascertained. Robert
Ogden had a seat in the Synod of 1721 ; and Joseph Wood
ruff, in 1722. In 1730 William Miller represented the Church
in the Synod ; Joseph Woodruff, again, in 1740,. and 1745 ;
David Whitehead, in 1742 ; John Ogden in 1743 ; Ephraim
Price, in 1748; Joseph Ogden, -in 1755, 1756 and 1762;
Joseph Lyon, in 1759; Thomas Tobin, in 1760; Robert
* Webster, p. S58.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 337
Ogden, in 1763 ; 'and Samuel Woodruff, in 1764, and
1765.* Dickinson's next publication appeared in September, 1735,
anonymously. It was entitled, —
Kemarks on a Letter to a Eriend in the Country ; containing the sub
stance of a sermon preached at Philadelphia in the congregation of the
Bev. Mr. Hemphill, in which the terms of Christian and ministerial com
munion are so stated that human impositions are exploded, a proper en
closure proposed for every religious society, and the commission justified
in their conduct towards Mr. Hemphill.t
In the following year, 1736, Mr. Dickinson again became
involved in a controversy about Episcopacy. An unhappy
disturbance had been created in the church at Newark, by a
case of discipline. Col. Josiah Ogden, (a grandson of " Old
John Ogden," of this town), residing at Newark, and a mem
ber of the church, was censured for Sabbath-breaking, in
laboring to save a crop of wheat, on the Lord's Day, after
long-continued rains. Being a man of great influence, a
party was created, absorbing the disaffected elements of the
congregation. Though the censure, on appeal, was removed
by the Presbytery, and the Synod endeavored, by kindly
interposition, to heal the breach, the grievance proved incur
able. The dissentients gravitated towards Episcopacy, and
sought, of Mr. Yaughan and others, Episcopal ministrations.^:
In these circumstances, Mr. Dickinson was invited and
consented to preach at Newark, on Wednesday, June 2, 1736.
His text was Mark 7 : 15 ; " Howbeit in vain do they wor
ship me, teaching for doctrines the commandments of men."
The sermon was given to the press shortly after, with the
Title, — " The Yanity of human Institutions in the Worship of
* Eecords, P. Chh., pp. 94, 104, 5, 134, 14S, 160, 3, 232, 5, 261, 270, 291, T, 818, 822, 333, 341.
Webster, p. 192.
t Samuel Hemphill was an Irish adventurer, who had gained admission to the Synod in
1734, and, by means of a fluent tongne, had been employed as assistant to Mr. Andrews in the
Presbyterian Church of Philadelphia. His sermons savored so much of Deism and Arrnin-
ianism, that complaint was made to the Synodical Commission, by whom he was tried,
found guilty, and suspended. Benjamin Franklin was one of his hearers, and warmly es
poused his cause. It was found, after all, that his sermons were not his own, but were re
peated verbatim from the Eev. Drs. Samuel Clarke, Ibbots, and Poster, men noted for their
Arianism. On this discovery he sunk into obscurity. Webster, pp. 110, 2, 3,416-20.
X Stearns' Newark, p. 143. MoWhorter's Century Sermon, p. IT.
22

338 THE HISTORY OF
God." It was called " his famed sermon," and was read with
great interest. An answer was attempted by the Rev. John
Beach, of Newtown, Ct., who four years before had left the
Church of his fathers, and connected himself with the Episco
pal Church. He issued a pamphlet, entitled, — " A Vindica
tion of the Worship of God, according to the Church of Eng
land." " A Defence " of his sermon was published by Mr.
Dickinson, in 1737 ; and a rejoinder was put forth, the same
year, by Mr. Beach, under the Title, — " Appeal to the Un
prejudiced : In a Supplement to the Vindication of the Wor
ship of God, according to the Church of England." The
Controversy was closed by Mr. Dickinson, in 1738, by his
publishing —
The Reasonableness of Nonconformity to the Church of England, in
Point of Worship. A Second Defence of A Sermon, preach'd at Newark,
June 2, 1736, Intitled, The Vanity of human Institutions in the Worship
of God. Against the Exceptions of Mr. John Beach, in his Appeal to
the Unprejudiced. Done in the Form of a Dialogue, wherein Mr. Beach's
Arguments are all expressed in his own Words.*
In his Prefatory Letter, dated " Elizabeth-Town, Feb. 1,
1737, 8," he apologizes for the delay of this replication :
It is not from a Disregard to your Person, nor a Neglect of your tri
umphant Performance, that I have not before now acknowledged your
Favour ; but from bodily Indispositions, which rendered me incapable of
writing. In the year, 1737, about the time of the Survey, by Joseph
Morss, of the land back of the First Mountain, the popula
tion had become so considerable, as to make it desirable that
a separate religious Society should be constituted. The
Presbytery of East Jersey, to whom they applied, granted
the request, and sent them Mr. John Cleverly, a graduate of
Harvard in 1715, who preached in a log -house built for the
purpose, of small dimensions.!
At the ordination of Aaron Burr, by the Presbytery of
East Jersey, at Newark, Jan. 25, 173|, Dickinson presided
* Chandler's Life of Johnson, pp. 62, 8. Spragtio's Annals, V. 82, 8, 5. App. to Green's
Discourses, p. 293.
t Ms. Eecords of P. Chh. of N. Providence, 1.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 339
and gave the charge. In his account of the transaction, Mr.
Burr says, — " Mr. Dickinson, who presided at this work, has
been of great service to me by his advice aud instruction,
both before and since my ordination." The same testimony
might have been borne, by all the ministry of this section of
country. He was the chosen counselor and ready adviser
of ministers and churches in all their straits and emer
gencies.* In May, 1738, Mr. Dickinson and his church became con
nected with the Presbytery of New York, then newly formed
by the union of the East Jersey and Long Island Presby
teries.! In the midst of the exciting controversies through which
he had passed, Mr. Dickinson had not been inattentive to-
the spiritual wants of his people. Faithfully and earnestly
he preached the word, and diligently he sought to lead his
people to the Cross for- salvation. But the results were not
answerable to his expectations. Of the year 1739, he writes,
" Religion was in a very low state ; Professors generally dead
and lifeless; and the Body of our People careless, carnal
and secure ; there was but little of the Power of Godliness
appearing among us."
Some time in August 1739, the people of Newark became
deeply interested in religious affairs. The young, particu
larly, were remarkably exercised, and many of them were
hopefully converted from the error of their ways. The con
cern at length became general, resulting in a marked reforma
tion among all classes, and large accessions to the Church.+
In November, 1739, while this revival was in progress at
Newark, the Rev. George Whitefield, then a youth in his
25th year, whose fame, as an eloquent divine, and an awaken
ing preacher, had preceded him, first visited these parts. On
his way from Philadelphia to New York and again on his
return to Philadelphia, he passed through this town :
Wednesday, Nov. 14. Set out from Brunswick, in Company with Mr.
Tennent- and my other Fellow-Travellers ; and as we passed along we
* Davis's Life of A. Burr, 1. 13. Stearns' Newark, p. 155.
t Eecords of P. Chh., p. 134. X Prince's Ohn. History, 1. 252-1.

340 THE HISTORY OF.
spent our Time most agreeably in telling one another what God had
done for our Souls. About Noon we got to Elizabeth Town, 22
Miles from Brunswick. Here we took Boat, and about Four reached
New-York. Monday, Nov. 19. Took Boat about Five in the Morning, and reached
Elizabeth-Town Point at Seven. — Dined with Mr. Dickenson a worthy
Dissenting Minister, who had sent a Letter of Invitation to New York,
and offered me the Use of his Meeting House. — About Twelve I preached
in it, according to Appointment, to upwards of 700 People, many of whom
seemed much affected, and God was pleased to open my Month against
both Ministers and People among all denominations, Who imprison the
Truth in Unrighteousness.*
In reference to this discourse, Mr. Dickinson says, —
I could observe no further Influence upon our People by that Address,
than a general Thoughtfulness about Religion; and a Promptitude to
make the Extraordinary Zeal and Diligence of that Gentleman, the com
mon and turning Topick of their Conversation. I don't know that there
was any one Person brought under Conviction, or any new and special
Concern about their Salvation, by that Sermon ; nor more than one by
any Endeavours that were used with them that Fall, or the succeeding
¦Winter. Mr. Dickinson was evidently expecting much from the
young Revivalist, and was disappointed with the results : —
Tho' there was «uch a shaking among the dry Bones so near to us, as
is above represented, and we had continual Accounts from Newark of the
.growing Distress:among their People, (their young People especially) and
of their awful solicitous Concern about their Salvation ; our congregation
remained yet seeure and careless ; and could not be awakened out of
their Sleep. You will easily conceive, that this must needs be an afflict
ing and discouraging Consideration to me : that when from other Places,
we had the joyful News of so many flying to Christ as a Cloud, and as
Doves to their Windows, I had yet Cause to complain, that I labonr'd in
vain, and spent my Strength for nought. But notwithstanding all these
discouraging Appearances, I could not but entertain an uncommon Con
cern, particularly for the young People of my Charge, during that Win
ter ; and the ensuing Spring ; which not only animated my Addresses to
the Throne of Grace on their Behalf, but my Endeavours also, to excite
in them if possible, some affecting Sense of their Misery, Danger, and
Neoessity of a Saviour. To that End, there were frequent Lectures ap
pointed for the young people in particular, but without any visible
Lsuccess.t #.Whltoflold"s Journals, I. 274, 7. t Prince's Christian History, I. 254, 5.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 341
In the spring, they were favored with another sermon from
the gifted Whitefield. On Monday, April 28, 1740, after
preaching at 10 o'clock A. M., to a great congregation in
Woodbridge, he says, —
After Sermon, I and my Friends dined at the Dissenting Minister's
[Rev John Pierson's] House, who invited me to preach ; and then we
hasted to Elizabeth-Town, where the People had been waiting for me
some Hours. — I preached in the Meeting-House, as when I was there last.
It was full, and was supposed to contain 2000 People. Near ten dissent
ing and two Chttrch Ministers were present. I used much Freedom of
Speech. No doubt some were offended : But Events belong to God. —
After Sermon I intended to ride six Miles : But being over-ruled by the
Advice of Friends, I stopped, and lay at an Inn all Night, near the Water
side where People take Boat to go to New York [E. Town Point].*
Mr. Dickinson took a deep interest in the progress of the
work of grace at Newark, and frequently assisted his young
brother Burr (then only 24 years old, and, at the best, of
feeble health), in the services of the pulpit. On one oc
casion, he preached a sermon, from Rom. viii : 16, so ad
mirably adapted to the state of the congregation and of the
times, that its publication was generally called for. It was
printed and had a wide circulation. It was entitled,
The Witness of the Spirit. A Sermon preach'd at Newark, in New-
Jersey, May 7th, 1740. Wherein is distinctly shewn, in what Way and
Manner the Spirit himself beareth Witness to the Adoption of the Children
of God. On Occasion of a wonderful Progress of converting Grace in
those Parts.t
A second edition was published in 1743. It exposed so
faithfully some of the delusions, that were cherished by the
more violent promoters of revivals of religion at that day, that,
when the Synod met at Philadelphia, three weeks later, and
all the intervals of business were given to preaching, Dickin
son was excluded from participating in the work, because of
this sermon — its doctrine being regarded by the Tennents
and their friends as untenable, and detrimental to the cause ;
and yet the Revival had no truer friend, and no abler ad
vocate.:): * Journals, I. 849. t Prince's Chn. His., I. 216. Stearns' Newark, p. 157.
t Webster's P. Chh. p. 148.

342 THE HISTORY OF
These services prepared him for a similar work of grace
among his own people. Scarcely had he and his Elder,
Joseph Woodruff, returned from the meeting of the Synod,
" in June, 1740," when the people were favored with " a re
markable Manifestation of the Divine Presence." He thus
describes it : —
Having at that Time invited the young People to hear a Sermon, there
was a numerous Congregation conveen'd, which consisted chiefly of our
Youth, tho' there were many others with them. I preach'd to them a
plain, practical Sermon ; without any Pathos or Pungency, or any special
Liveliness or Vigour ; for I was then in a remarkably dead and dull
Frame, till enliven'd by a sudden and deep Impression which visibly
appear'd upon the Congregation in general. — There was no Crying
out, or Falling down ; (as elsewhere has happen'd) but the inward Dis
tress and Concern of the Audience discover'd itself, by their Tears, and
by an andible Sobbing and Sighing in almost all Parts of the Assembly.
There appeared such Tokens of a solemn and deep Concern, as I never
before saw in any Congregation whatsoever. From this Time, we heard
no more of our young People's meeting together for Frolicks and extrav
agant Diversions, as had been usual among them ; but instead thereof,
private Meetings for religious Exercises were by them set up in several
Parts of the Town. All our Opportunities of publick Worship, were care
fully and constantly attended by our People in general ; and a serious and
solemn Attention to the Ministry of the Word, was observable in their very
Countenances. Numbers were almost daily repairing to me, for Direc
tion and Assistance in their eternal Concerns. There were then prob
ably more came to me in one Day on that Errand, than usually in half a
Years space before. In a Word, the Face of the Congregation was quite
altered; and Religion became the common Subject of Conversation among
a great Part of the People.*
Tho' there are some of those who were then under special Convictions,
that have worn off their Impressions, and are become secure and care
less; yet I don't know of any two Persons, who gave reasonable Hopes of
a real Change at that Time, but what have hitherto by their Conversa
tion confirm' d our Hopes of their saving Conversion to God.
I would be very cautious of any confident Determinations, with Re
spect to the Conversion of particular Persons ; but if wo may judge the
Tree by the Fruits, which we have now had so long a Time to observe, we
have Reason to suppose, that near about sixty Persons have received a
saving Change in this Congregation only, (and a Number in the Parish
* Writing to Mr. Foxoroft, Sopt. 4, 1740, he says,— "I have had more young People ad
dress mo for Direction in their spiritual Concerns within this three Months than in thirty
Tears before."

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 34.?
next adjoining to us, tho' I dare not pretend to guess how many) since
the Beginning of this Work.*
The letter, from which these extracts are taken, was writ
ten Aug. 23, 1743, to the Rev. Mr. Foxcroft, of Boston, at
his particular request. It describes scenes and events alto
gether unprecedented in the history of the town. The moral
reformation, at that time wrought, was one of the most re
markable phenomena till then witnessed and experienced in
the settlement. It gave to the town a peculiar character — a
reputation for morality and religion that survived the stormy
periods of war and political convulsions, and continues, to the
present day — its defence and its glory.
The Revival of 1740, it is well known, was of wide extent,
and of vast influence in the English Provinces of America.
But, with all its manifest and marvelous benefits, it was not
unattended with serious evils, affecting, to no small extent,
the peace and purity of the churches. Ever watchful for the
interests of religion, and ready, at all times, both for aggres
sive, and for defensive, measures, Mr. Dickinson set himself
to meet the demand of the times. In 1741, he sent forth
"The True Scripture Doctrine Concerning some important
Points of Christian Faith ; Particularly, Eternal Election,
Original Sin, Grace in Conversion, Justification by Faith,
And the Saint's Perseverance. Represented and Applied in
Five Discourses : " an admirable book, replete with sound
doctrine, logically and scripturally maintained and defended,
suited to all classes and climes, and of standard value in all
periods of the Church. It has repeatedly been reprinted, in
Great Britain and America. Foxcroft, in his Preface to the
original edition, gives it unqualified praise : —
I'm of opinion, a book of this nature has long been wanting among
us ; and I give unfeigned thanks to God, which put this same earnest care
for us into the heart of our brother ; whose praise is in the gospel
throughout the churches, particularly by means of his elaborate writings
in vindication both of the faith and order of the gospel, and other more
practical publications. — I look upon his present work the supply of a real
deficiency; and more especially seasonable at this juncture. Now as
* Prince's Christian History, I. 255-S. Gillies' nis. Coll. II. 142-6.

344 THE HISTORY OF
Paul said of Timothy, I have no man like-minded, so I will presume
to speak it, without any design of flattery or offence, I know no man
better accomplished (in my opinion) for a work of this kind, than
Mr. Dickinson.
Not content with this masterly vindication of the Doctrines
of Grace, and finding the current of prejudice and opposition
to " the Great Awakening " running strong and deep in al
most every direction, he next prepared, and published at
Boston in 1742,
A Display of God's special Grace. In A familiar Dialogue Between A
Minister & a Gentleman of his Congregation, About The Work of God, in
the Conviction and Conversion of Sinners, so remarkably of late begun
and going on in these American Parts. Wherein The Objections against
some uncommon Appearances amongst us are distinctly consider'd, Mis
takes rectify'd, and the Work itself particularly prov'd to be from the
Holy Spirit. With An Addition, in a second Conference, relating to
sundry Antinomian Principles, beginning to obtain in some Places.
The first edition was anonymous, but sent forth with an
Attestation, signed, Boston, Aug. 10, 1742, by the Rev.
Messrs. Colman, Sewall, Prince, Webb, Cooper, Foxcroft,
and Gee, all Ministers of Boston. A second edition was
published, at Philadelphia, in 1743, with the author's name,
and an additional Attestation by Messrs. Gilbert and Wm.
Tennent, Samuel and John Blair, Treat and Finley. The
book was of convenient form, plain and practical in style,
and well-adapted to accomplish its end. " No contempora
neous publication," says President Green, " was probably as
much read or had as much influence." *
At the meeting of the Synod in 1742, Mr. Dickinson was
again chosen Moderator ; and, in 1743, as such, preached the
opening sermon,, from 1 Cor. 1 : 10,— a text admirably
adapted, as, no doubt, the sermon was, to the divided and
couvulsed state of the Synod. The same year, 1743, he pub
lished —
The Nature and Necessity of Regeneration considered in a Sermon from
John 8 : 8, preached at Newark, N. J. at a meeting of the Presbytery
there. To which is added some Remarks on a Discourse of Dr. Water-
* Green's Discourses, App., pp. 256-61.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 845
land's, entitled " Regeneration stated and explained, according to Scrip
ture antiquity." *
Dr. Waterland's book had been imported and circulated
by the Episcopal ministry, and circulated as an antidote to
the revival doctrines of Whitefield and his sympathizers.
Dickinson's Remarks drew forth, in 1744, from the Rev.
James Wetmore, Rector of the Parish Church of Rye, N. Y.,
"A Defence of Waterland's Discourse on Regeneration."
This was answered promptly by Mr. Dickinson in
Reflections upon Mr. Wetmore's Letter in Defence of Dr. Waterland's
Discourse of Regeneration. With a Vindication of the received Doctrine
of Regeneration, and plain scriptural Evidence that the Notion of Bap
tismal Regeneration is of a dangerous and destructive Tendency.!;
In the same year, 1745, his prolific pen produced " Famil"
iar Letters to a Gentleman, upon A Yariety of Seasonable
and Important Subjects in Religion : " a work of very great
ability, in which he discusses colloquially and familiarly, with
direct reference to prevailing prejudices, the evidences of
Christianity, and the Doctrine of God's Sovereign Grace in
the redemption of men. The way of salvation, by repentance
and faith, is clearly exhibited, and the Dangers of Anti-
nomianism are fully set forth. It has been frequently re
printed at home and abroad, and, with his book on " the Five
Points," is on the Catalogue of .the Presbyterian Board of
Publication. a In the agitations, (resulting mainly from the Revival), and
in the exciting discussions, by which the Synod and the
Churches were convulsed, extending through a period of five
years, he not only took the deepest interest, but the conceded
position of a leader in the maintenance and defence of what
he believed to be the truth and the right. When the Pres
bytery of New Brunswick and their party were virtually ex
cluded in 1741, he and his Presbytery being absent, it grieved
him deeply. He sought, by every means in his power, to
cast oil on the troubled waters, and bring about a reconcilia-
* Eecords, P. Chh., pp. 160, 8.
t Bolton's Ep. Chh. of W. Chester Co., N. Y., pp. 2T2, 8.

346 THE HISTORY OF
tiou of the contending parties. In the spring of 1742, he had
occasion to visit Boston to bring out his "Display of God's
Special Grace,'.' and took advantage of the opportunity, to
consult the Boston ministers and others in relation to the
matters in controversy. Year by year, he sought to act, in
the Synod, the part of a mediator and pacificator, in the
embittered strife, of which the " Records " give painful illus
tration. But finding, at length, no hope of an honorable re
construction of the old Synod, he cast in his lot with the
aggrieved brethren, and united with them and their friends
in constituting the new Synod of New York; the former
comprising the " Old Side," and the latter the " New Side "
brethren. For the details of this mournful controversy,
reference must be had to the authorities in the margin.*
The first meeting of the New Synod was held, September
19, 1745, at the Presbyterian Church in this town, 22 Minis
ters, and 12 Elders being present. Elder Joseph Woodruff
represented this Church — Mr. Dickinson was chosen Moder
ator. His opening sermon, the following year, at New
York, was from Psalm 24 : 4.f
In the midst of these troubles and anxieties, preaching,
writing, publishing, and caring for his own flock and the
churches of the Synod, his soul was stirred within him at the
benighted condition of the savage tribes in N. Jersey and the
adjacent Provinces. In connection with Pemberton of New
York, and Burr of Newark, he addressed, in 1740, " the
Honorable Society for Promoting Ghristian Knowledge,"
formed at Edinburgh in 1709, and urged them to send mis
sionaries to the Indians on Long- Island, in New Jersey and
Pennsylvania. These three brethren were appointed Corre
spondents of the Society, and authorized to employ mis
sionaries to the Indians. They prevailed on Azariah Horton,
a brother of Simon Horton, of Connecticut Farms, in this
town, to undertake a mission to the Indians at the east end
of Long Island, for which purpose he was ordained by the
* Eecords, P. Clrh. pp. 158-182. Hodge's His. P. Chh., II. 124-252. Log College, pp. SI
TS. Steams' Newark, pp. 166-1T8. Glllett's P. Chh., I. 76-91.
t Eecords, P. Chh., pp. 282-4.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 347
Presbytery of New York in 1740. Two years later, they en
gaged David Brainerd for a similar service among the In
dians, near New Lebanon, N. York. In 1744, (June 11,)
Brainerd was ordained at Newark, for a mission at the Forks
of the Delaware.*
From the time of his removal to N. Jersey, Brainerd found,
in Mr. Dickinson, a faithful counselor, and devoted friend ;
and, in his house, an ever-welcome home. At the time of
his ordination, he spent more than a fortnight here. In April
following, 1745, he was here again. In August, he came on
to consult with Mr. Dickinson. Nov. 10th, he occupied the
pulpit, preaching, in the morning, from 2 Cor. 5 : 20, and,
in the afternoon, from Lu. 14 : 22 ; and took up a collection
for the Indian mission amounting to £7. 5. 0. Of the morn
ing service he says :
God was pleased to give me freedom and fervency in my discourse,
and the presence of God seemed to be in the assembly ; numbers were
affected, and there were many tears among them.
He spent the next Sabbath here also, and several days
afterwards, being deeply exercised for the spiritual welfare
of the town :
Had some longings of soul for the dear people of Elizabeth Town, that
God would pour out his Spirit upon them, and revive his work among
them.t The first week in December he was here again, in attend
ance on the Presbytery at Connecticut Farms; also, the
third week in January, in consultation with the Correspond
ents, and supplied the pulpit at Connecticut Farms, on the
26th. The second week of April found him here again in
attendance on the Presbytery ; again on the 29th, for three
or four days ; and the first week of July : —
Lord's Day, July 6. Enjoyed some composure and serenity of mind,
in the morning : heard Mr. Dickinson preach, in the forenoon, and was
refreshed with his discourse ; was in a melting frame, some part of the
time of sermon : partook of the Lord's supper, and enjoyed some sense of
divine things in that ordinance. In the afternoon I preached from Ezek.
* Webster's P. Chh., pp. 85S, 518. Edwards' Works, X. 141, 2.
t Ibid, X. 18T, 216, 244, 6.

348 THE HISTORY OF
33 : 11. "As I live, saith the Lord God," &c. God favoured me with
freedom and fervency, and helped me to plead his cause, beyond my own
power. He met the Presbytery here again on the 22d, and remained
three days. He had the fever and ague at Mr. Dickinson's
house, for a fortnight in October. Nov. 5th brought him
back again from his mission, too enfeebled for work or travel.
And here, at his " home " in the parsonage, he remained
nearly six months — until April 20th, (with the exception of
four or five days), — his last winter on earth, — in so low a
state, much of the time, that his life was almost despaired of.*
Mrs. Joanna Dickinson, the pastor's wife, had been taken
from him by death, April 20, 1745,- in the 63d year of her
age. Brainerd's intimacy with the family was mostly of a
later date, the daughters of the pastor ministering to him in
his chronic infirmities. The missionary makes the following
entry in his Journal for 1747 :
April 7. In the afternoon, rode to Newark, to marry the Rev. Mr.
Dickinson : and in the evening performed that service. Afterwards rode
home to Elizabethtown, in a pleasant frame, full of composure and sweet
ness.! In 1745, the Rev. John Beach of Newtown, Ct., and the
Rev. Henry Caner, of Fairfield, Ct., both preached for the
Rev. James Honyman, in Trinity Church, Newport, R. I.,
and printed their sermons, in which they reflected upon the
revival doctrines of the day. The Rev. Dr. Samuel John
son, of Stratford, Ct., also, published, about the same time,
"A Letter from Aristocles to Afythades," designed to set the
doctrine of the divine sovereignty and promises in its true
light, as he, and the other Episcopal ministers of the day,
understood them. These several publications were designed
as antidotes mainly to Mr. Dickinson's works on the same
subject. He was not slow, therefore, in issuing, 1746, his
reply, entitled,
A vindication of God's Sovereign Free Grace. In some Remarks
* Edwards' Works, X. 24T, 262, 288, 290, 353, 4, 6, 371, 874-880, 444,
t Edwards' Works, X. 879.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 349
on Mr. J. Beach's Sermon, with some brief Reflections npon H. Caner's
Sermon, and on a pamphlet entitled A Letter from Aristocles to Anthades.
It called forth a reponse from Dr. Johnson, to which Mr.
Dickinson wrote a rejoinder, called " A Second Yindication
of God's Sovereign Free Grace," which was published, after
his death, by his brother, Moses Dickinson, of Norwalk.*
Mr. Dickinson had long felt the necessity of a Collegiate
Institution, more accessible than Harvard or Yale, for the
colonies this side of New England. The course pursued by
the authorities of Yale College, in denying to his young
friend, David Brainerd, his degree, on account of a slight
irregularity, and for whom he and Burr had both interceded
in vain, determined him to establish, if possible, a College
in New Jersey. Something had been done, already, by the
friends of the Log College at Neshaminy, Pa. Mr. Dickin
son, it is credibly reported, had for years taught a Classical
School, or at least received young men into his house, to fit
them for the ministry. The Rev. Jacob Green, of Hanover,
and the Rev. Caleb Smith, of .Orange, N. J., both of them
were his students. Incipient steps were taken by the Synod
as early as 1739, to obtain aid from Great Britain, for this
object, Mr. Dickinson being on the Committee for this pur
pose, " but the war breaking out " with Spain prevented it.
At length, application was made, to John Hamilton Esq.,
President of his Majesty's Council, and (by reason of the
death, May 14, 1746, of Gov. Lewis Morris) Commander in
Chief of the Province of New Jersey, for ".a Charter to in
corporate sundry persons to found a college." The applica
tion was successful, and it was granted, under the great seal
of the Province, Oct. 22, 1746. Notice of the event and Of
the intentions of the Trustees was duly given, in the New
York Weekly Post Boy, No. 211, dated February 2, 174f,
as follows : —
Whereas a Charter with full and ample Privileges, has been granted
by his Majesty, under the Seal of the Province of New Jersey, bearing
date the 22d October, 1746, for erecting a College within the said Prov
ince, to Jonathan Dickinson, John Pierson, Ebenezer Pemberton and
* Sprague's Annals, III. 18, V. 55, 63, 85. Chandler's Life of Johnson, p. 71.

350 THE HISTORY OF
Aaron Burr, Ministers of the Gospel and some other Gentlemen, as
Trustees of the said College, by which Charter equal Liberties and
Privileges are secured to every Denomination of Christians, any different
religious Sentiments notwithstanding.
The said Trustees have therefore thought proper to inform the Public,
that they design to open the said College the next Spring ; and to notify
to any Person or Persons who are qualified by preparatory Learning for
Admission, that some time in May next at latest they may be there
admitted to an Academic Education.
Subsequently, in No. 222, Ap. 20, 1747, notice is thus
given : —
This is to inform the Publick, That the Trustees of the Colledge of
New-Jersey, have appointed the Rev. Mr. Jonathan Dickinson, President
of the said Colledge : which'will be opened the fourth Week in May next,
at Elizabeth-Town; At which Time and Place, all Persons suitably quali
fied, may he admitted to an Academic Education.
At the time specified the first Term of " the College of
New Jersey " was opened at Mr. Dickinson's house, on the
south side of the Old Rahway road, directly west of Race st.
Mr. Caleb Smith, of Brookhaven, L. I., a graduate of Yale
College, in 1743, and now in the 24th year of his age, was
employed as the first Tutor. Enos Ayres, (afterwards a
Presbyterian minister at Blooming Grove, Orange Co., N. Y.),
Benjamin Chesnut, (an Englishman, and subsequently of the
Presbytery of New Brunswick), Hugh Henry, (afterwards of
the Presbytery of New Castle), Israel Reed, (shortly after
the pastor of the Presbyterian Church of Bound Brook, N. J.),
Richard Stockton, (of Princeton, the well-known civilian),
and Daniel Thane, (a Scotchman, and subsequently pastor of
the Church of Connecticut Farms in this town), were the first
graduates of the Institution, and were all of them, doubtless,
under the instruction of Mr. Dickinson and his Tutor, Caleb
Smith ; with others, perhaps, of the succeeding class.*
In the midst of these useful and laborious employments,
full of honors as of service, Mr. Dickinson's career on earth
was brought to a close. He died, of pleurisy, Oct. 7, 1747,
in the sixtieth year of his age. The Rev. Timothy Johnes,
of Morristown, visited him in his last illness, and found him
• Memoir of Eev. C Smith, p. 3. Triennial of C of N. J.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 351
fully prepared for the event : " Many days have passed be
tween God and my soul, in which I have solemnly dedicated
myself to Him, and I trust what I have committed unto
Him, He is able to keep until that day." Such was his testi
mony, in death, to the gospel in which he believed. On the
occasion of his burial, a sermon was preached by his old
friend and neighbor, the Rev. John Pierson, of Woodbridge,
which was afterwards published. The following notice of
his death and burial appeared in the N. York Weekly Post
Boy, of Oct. 12, 1747 :— Elizabethtown in New Jersey, Oct. 10.
On Wednesday Morning last, about 4 o'clock, died here of a pleuritic
illness, that eminently learned, faithful and pious Minister of the Gospel,
and President of the College of New Jersey, the Rev. Mr. Jonathan Dick
inson, in the 60th Year of his Age, who had been Pastor of the First
Presbyterian Church in this Town for nearly forty Years, and was the
Glory and Joy of it. In him conspicuously appeared those natural and
acquired moral and spiritual Endowments which constitute a truly excel
lent and valuable Man, a good Scholar, an eminent Divine, and a serious
devout Christian. He was greatly adorned with the Gifts and Graces of
his Heavenly Master, in the Light whereof he appeared as a Star of supe
rior Brightness and Influence in the Orb of the Church, which has sus
tained a great and unspeakable Loss in his Death. He was of uncommon
and very extensive Usefulness. He boldly appeared in the Defence of the
great and important Truths of our most holy Religion and the Gospel
Doctrines of the free and. sovereign Grace of God. He was a zealons Pro
moter of godly Practice and godly Living, and a bright Ornament to his
Profession. In Times and Cases of Difficulty he was a ready, wise and
able Counsellor. By his Death our infant College is deprived of the
Benefit and Advantage of his superior Accomplishments, which afforded
a favorable Prospect of its future Flourishing and Prosperity under his
Inspection. His Remains were decently interred here Yesterday, when
the Rev. Mr. Pierson, of Woodbridge, preached his funeral Sermon, and
as he lived desired of all so never any Person in these Parts died more
lamented. Our Fathers where are they and the Prophets, do they live
forever ?
This notice was probably written by the Rev. Mr. Pem
berton, of New York, with whom Mr. Dickinson had. been
intimately associated, for years, in the defence of the truth,
and the promotion of the cause of Christ. . The testimony
thus borne to his great work was fully confirmed by all who

352 THE HISTORY OF
knew him. President Edwards called him " the late learned
and very excellent Mr. Jonathan Dickinson." The Rev. Dr.
Bellamy called him " the great Mr. Dickinson." The Rev.
Dr. John Erskine, of Edinburgh, said, "The British Isles have
produced no such writers on divinity in the eighteenth cen
tury as Dickinson and Edwards." The Rev. David Austin,
of this town, writing of him in 1793, gathers up the traditions
of that day concerning him as follows : — .
There are those alive, who testify that he was a most solemn, weighty
and moving preacher — that he was a uniform advocate for the distin
guishing doctrines of grace, as his writings prove — that he was industri
ous, indefatigable, and successful in his ministerial labors — as to his per
son, that it was manly — of full size : solemn and grave in his aspect, so
that the wicked would seem to tremble in his presence.*
His monument in the Presbyterian " Burying Ground "
bears the following inscription : —
Here lyes y" body of ye Revd
Mr Jonathan Dickinson, Pastor
of the first Presbyterian Church
In Elizabeth Town, who Died Octr
ye 7th 1747. Aetatis Suae 60.
Deep was the Wound, O Death ! and Vastly wide,
When he resign'd his Useful breath and dy'd :
Ye Sacred Tribe with pious Sorrows mourn,
And drop a tear at your great Patron's Urn !
Conceal'd a moment, from our longing Eyes,
Beneath this Stone his mortal Body lies :
Happy the Spirit lives, and will, we trust,
In Bliss associate with his precious Dust.
Another monument, by the side of his, has the following : —
Here is interred the body of Mrs. Joanna Dickinson — Obiit. April 20,
1745. Anno Aetatis 63.
Rest, precious Dust, till Christ revive this Clay
To Join the Triumphs of the Judgement Day.
They had nine children. (1.) Melyen was born Dec. 7,
1709. (2.) Abigail, married to Jonathan Sergeant, a widow
er, of Newark. f Her son, Jonathan Dickinson Sergeant, was
* Edwards' Works, X. 879. Webster's P. Chh., p. 861. Preface to the Five Points, viii.
t His first wife was Hannah, (born, 1709, and died, 1748), the daughter of the Eev. John

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 353
born in 1746, and married Margaret, daughter of Rev. Elihu
Spencer, D. D., Mr. Dickinson's successor in the ministry
here. Their children were Hon. John Sergeant, Hon.
Thomas Sergeant, Hon. Elihu Spencer Sergeant, and Sarah,
the wife of Rev. Samuel Miller, D. D. (3.) Jonathan, born,
Sept. 19, 1713, graduated at Yale College in 1731, and died
in 1735. (4.) Mary, married, (1.) to John Cooper, a tailor,
of this town, and had a daughter, Martha, and two sons,
William and Caleb Cooper. Mr. Cooper died in March, 1753,
and she was married, (2.) to  Plum, of Newark, and had
Elizabeth, Mary, and Martha Plum, the latter married to
David Burnet. She died in 1763. (5.) Joanna, born, Feb.
27, 1716, and died, May 9, 1732. (6.) Temperance, married to
Jonathan Odell, of Ct. Farms, and had four children : Jona
than, Joanna; Eunice, and Elizabeth. Mr. Odell died, June
25, 1750. His son, Jonathan, was then a member of the
Freshman Class of the College of New Jersey, at Newark,
where he graduated in 1754 — afterwards, entering the gos
pel ministry. (7.) Elizabeth, born in 1721, married to Mr.
Jonathan Miller, of Barnet's Mills, in this town, and died,
Nov. 27, 1788. (8.)  . (9.) Martha,, married, Sept. 7,
1749, to Rev. Caleb Smith, of Newark Mountains, [Orange],
N. J., and died, August 20, 1757, leaving three daughters,
— Nancy, Elizabeth, and Jane. She is described as
A Lady endowed with many amiable Qualities; she was superior to
most of her Sex in Strength of Genius, her intellectual Qualities were quick
and penetrating, she had a Thirst for Knowledge, and was greatly delighted
in Reading : Kindness, Ease and Friendship composed her natural Tem
per; she was an agreeable Companion, very obliging in her Behaviour,
and admired and loved by all who had the Happiness of her Acquaint
ance; As she was blessed with an early religious Education so the things
of Eternity began betimes to exercise her : She had serious Impressions upon
her Mind even from her Childhood, and began a Course of secret Prayer
while Young. She was a most faithful Friend, an amiable and affection
ate Companion, and the Heart of her Husband safely trusted in her.*
Nutman of Hanover, N. J. Her daughter, Hannah, was married, about 1759, to the Eev. John
Ewing, [afterwards, D. D.], ofPhiladelpbia. Mr. Sergeant removed at an early day to Prince
ton, N. J.
* Murray's Notes, p. 60. Sprague's Annals, III. IT. Hall's Trenton, p. 289. Memoir of
Bev. Caleb Smith, p. 48.
23

35± THE HISTORY OF
Mrs. Mary Dickinson survived her husband, and died,
August 30th, 1762, in the 68th year of her age. Her remains
repose in the Cemetery of the First Presbyterian Church of
Newark, N. J. She was the widow of Elihu Crane, and the
mother of Lewis, Christopher, Charles, Elder Elihu, Isaac,
Hannah (married to Dr. Moses Scott), and Phebe (the wife
of Rev. John Carmichael, of Chester Co.,Pa.). Her grand
daughter, Martha Crane (daughter of Elihu), was the wife of
the Rt. Rev. John Croes, of N. Jersey,*
Mr. Dickinson was, by common consent, the greatest man,
whose name adorns the Annals of the town. Tracy, in his
" Great Awakening," p. 404, calls him " one of the greatest
and safest men of that age ; " and Dr. Sprague ventures the
assertion, —
It may be doubted whether, with the single exception of the elder ¦
Edwards, Calvinism has ever found an abler or more efficient champion
in this country, than Jonathan Dickinson.
This peculiar prominence is a sufficient apology for giving
him so large a place in this history. His name, during the
nearly forty years of his ministry, gave the town itself a
prominence both in the province and in the country.
* Bicentenary of Newark, p. 116 Sprague's Annals, IIL 231.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY 355

CHAPTER XYI.
A. D. 1108-11 ii.
Ecclesiastical — ;Rev. Edward Vaughan, Episcopal Missionary, arrives from
England — Call to Jamaica, L. I., declined — Poverty of his People —
Preaches at Rahway, Woodbridge, and P. Amboy — Marries Mrs. Emott
— Removes to Amboy — Returns — Church Edifice not finished for years —
• Annual Reports to the "Society " — Chh. Glebe — Opposes Mr. Whitefield —
His Death and Character — Increase of Religious Congregations in 40 years.
REY. EDWARD VAUGHAN.
Aftee the departure of the Rev. Mr. Brooke, Nov., 1707,
for England, the Episcopal Congregation were left without a
preacher nearly two years. They were dependent entirely
on missionary service from England. Urgent representa
tions were made to " the Society for the Propagation of the
Gospel in Foreign Parts ;" and, in the summer of 1709, the
Rev. Edward Yaughan was appointed their missionary for
this region. Occasionally the Rev. John Talbot, of Burling
ton, extended his ministrations as far as this town, as maybe
learned from a letter written by him to the Secretary of the
Society, Sept. 27, 1709 :
I hear Mr. Vaughan is arrived at Boston, but is not yet come into this
pi-ovince, he will have enough to do to supply Mi\ Brook's charge at
Elizabeth Town, Amboy, Piscataway, who have had none since he left
them ; but I have done for them, maybe once in a quarter, or so ; some
body occasionally passing by that way.*
. Mr. Yaughan arrived shortly after the date of this letter
and commenced his ministry here and in the neighboring
* Clark's St. John's Chh., p. 84.

356 THE HISTORY OF
towns. He was from the West of England, and a brother of
the Rev. Robert Yaughan, Rector of Llantewy aad Yicar of
Llantrissent, Monmouthshire, Wales, and of Jane, the wife
of Thomas Godden, of Leather Lane, near Holborn, London.
His prospects were by no means flattering. Writing from
Amboy, Dec. 4, 1709, he says : —
I believe that the most inverate enemies of our mother church would
recant their pernicious notions were there a faithful pastor in every town
to instil better principles into their minds ; here are a vast number of
Deists, Sabbatarians, and Eutychians, as also of Independants, Anabap
tists, and Quakers, from which absurdities Mr. Brooke brought a consid
erable number of them to embrace our most pure and holy Religion, and
I hope that my labors also will be attended with no less snccess, and ob
serve that those late converts are much more zealous for promoting the
interests of our church, and more constant in the public worship of God,
than those who sucked their milk in their infancy.
Referring to the decease, in August, 1709, of the Rev. Mr.
Urquhart, of Jamaica, he adds, —
Whose cure I have been solicited to supply, but declined it in obedi
ence to the Society's instructions, whose leave and approbation for my
removal to that cure I must humbly beg for these following reasons : 1st.
That there is not. one family in Elizabeth Town that can accommodate me
with an ordinary lodging excepting Colonel Townly, who, upon the ac
count of some difference with Mr. Brooke (though a gentleman of an
unblemished character), hath declared never to entertain any missionary
after him. Secondly. That my salary of £50 per annum will not afford
me a competent subsistence in this dear place where no contributions are
given by the people towards my support, and where I am continually
obliged to.be itinerant- and consequently at great expenses, especially in
crossing Ferries.*
Mr. Yaughan seems not to have obtained the desired leave,
but proceeded to cultivate diligently the field assigned him.
At the expiration of a year, Dec. 4, 1710, he informs the
Secretary, that, —
The people have not contributed any thing towards my subsistence
since I came amongst them, and, indeed, to desire it from them, or to
show an inclination for it, would very much tend to the dis-service of
the Church, in causing our proselytes to start from us rather than bear "
the weight of such burthens, which to their weak shoulders and poverty,
* Clark's St. John's Chh., pp. 85, 6.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 357
would seem intolerable. I frequently visit the Dissenters of all sorts in
their houses, «and I experimentally find that an affable even temper with
the force of arguments is very prevalent to engage their affections and
conformity to holy mother, the Church, which I do assure you is con
siderably increased by late converts from Quakerism and Anabaptism.*.
It is mainly from his periodical reports to the Society, that
his life and labors are to be sketched. He writes, Sept. 12,
1711, a few months after the decease of Col. Richard Town-
ley, (the main pillar of St. John's, at that early period), as
follows : —
I preach to them in the fore and afternoon of every Lord's day and ad
minister the blessed Sacrament monthly to twenty eight or thirty com
municants. I have baptized since my arrival to this government seventy-
two children, besides eleven adult persons, unfortunately brought up in
dark Quakerism and Anabaptism, and are now so happy as to be mem
bers of the Church of Christ, whose worship they constantly frequent
with great devotion and seeming delight, t
In the summer of 1711, the Rev. Thomas Halliday was
sent by the Society to take charge of Amboy and Piscata
way, and Mr. Yaughan divided his labors between the town
proper and that part of it called Rahway — a monthly lecture
being given to the latter place. Shortly after the decease of
Col. Townley, the Congregation' obtained from his son, Charles,
' a clear title to the church lot, for want of which the interior
of the Church had not been " fitted according to the rules of
decency and order."
Owing to a serious disaffection in the Presbyterian Church
of Woodbridge, a few families withdrew, and formed an
Episcopal Society. Mr. Yaughan was requested to officiate
there occasionally — in a house built for the purpose — " prob
ably the smallest you have ever seen, but amply sufficient
for the congregation at this day."
Though I reside, (he says, Feb. 28, 171j), at Elizabeth Town, whose
distance is ten miles from Woodbridge, yet I promise through God's bless
ing to supply both cures by officiating on every Lord's day, in the fore
noon in the former and once a fortnight in the afternoon in the latter,
which I hope to perform in the summer time when the days are long,
* Clark's St. John's Chh., p. 86. t Ibid, p. 83.

358 THE HISTORY OF
9
but in the winter season I shall, as I now do, divide my service between
both congregations by preaching alternately.*
Mr. Halliday proved to be utterly unworthy of his office,
and, in 1713, was obliged to leave Amboy, when Mr. Yaughan
was requested to include that place within his parochial dis
trict. Mrs. Mary Emott, the widow of James Emott of New
York, and the daughter of Mrs. Philip Carteret, had been,
doubtless, a frequent visitor at the house of her step-father,
Col. Townley. Her husband had died in April 1713, leaving
her with four sons and a handsome " fortune of £2000." She
was about 48 years old, and of high social standing. Mr.
Yaughan was accepted as her second husband. They were
married at the close of the first year of her widowhood.f
By his marriage, he came into possession of the house and
grounds, afterwards owned and occupied by Col. Wm. Rick-
etts, on the Point Road; which, thenceforth, became his
home ; also, of lands held by Proprietary rights ; and, as
already related, to secure a portion of this property, he
brought, in 1714, the year of his marriage, an Action of
Ejectment against Joseph Woodruff, one of the Elders of
the Presbyterian Church at its reception into the Presbytery
in 1717, and probably a Deacon previously. It is likely, that
Mr. Yaughan bore much the same relation to the Proprietary
party, that Mr. Dickinson did to the Associates ; and that
the two congregations were separated very nearly by the
same lines.
At or soon after his marriage, Mr. Yaughan removed to
Amboy, for the benefit of his health, " which," he says,
" was much jmpaired during my abode in Elizabeth Town
where I still do and shall continue to officiate in the fore and
afternoon three Lord's days successively in every month,"
the other being given to Amboy. The Society seem not to
have favored this plan of non-residence, and to have inti
mated to him, that some one else would be sent to take his
place here ; as he expresses, Sept. 28, 1716, a desire to be
restored to his former charge at Elizabeth Town4
» Clark's St. John's Chh., pp. 38-41. Whitehead's P. Amboy, pp. 216, T, 88T. Webster's
P. Chh., pp. 888, 4. t Clark's St. John's Chh., p. 43. X Ibid., p. 43.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 359
How the matter was finally arranged the. correspondence
does not show, nor how long he continued to -reside at
Amboy ; save the fact, that he returned to his former charge,
and was residing here in 1721. He continued to divide his
time between the several stations as before, giving the chief
attention to this town. Writing, July 8, 1717, he says, —
Elizabeth Town itself is a considerable village and equals if not exceeds
any in the Province as well in bigness as in number of Inhabitants, custom
and education has engaged them for the most part in the Congregational
way, but notwithstanding they are not so very rigid in that persuasion as
altogether to deny their attendance on my ministry.*
The Church, which had been erected of brick, in 1706,
had not yet been finished. Mr. Halliday, who seems to have
resided here at the time, and to have been retained as a mis
sionary in the service of the Propagation Society, wrote to
the Secretary, Aug. 1, 1717, of the building of St. John's
Church, in these words : —
There was £400 raised by subscription of Charitable People. Mr.
Brooks received most of the money and as Mr. Townly informs me he
went to England before he made up his accounts, several subscriptions
remaining in his hands unpaid, but as his father [Col. Townley] being en
gaged for the payment of the workmen, he had made up the deficiencies
and given bond for £20 to Elizabeth Town Church however this is, the
Bond is now in Mr. Willock's hands but I think ought rather to be em
ployed for the use of the Church, there being only the shell of Brick, no
pews, Pulpit, notwithstanding so much money has been raised for it.t
In such circumstances, it is not strange, that the congrega
tion grew but slowly, and that the most they could raise for
their minister was £30, without a glebe or parsonage. That
they were pleased with his ministrations is testified by a let
ter sent in their name to the Society, in the course of the
same year : —
"We esteem ourselves happy under his pastoral care, and have a thor
ough persuasion of mind that the Church of Christ is now planted among
us in its purity. Mr. Vaughan hath, to the great comfort and edification
of onr families, in these dark and distant regions of the world, prosecuted
the duties of his holy calling with the utmost application and diligence ;
* Clark's St, John's Chh., pp. 44, 5. t lb., pp. 45, 6.

360 THE HISTORY OF
adorned his character with an exemplary life and conversation ; and so
behaved himself with all due prudence and fidelity ; showing uncorrupt-
ness, gravity, sincerity, and sound speech ; that they who are of the con
trary part have no evil thing to say of him.*
In 1721, his audience had increased to 200 souls, and the
communicants were more than 40 in number. For ten years
no memorial of him is found. But, Oct. 6, 1731, he writes :
My congregation encreaseth not only in this Town, but in the neigh
bouring Towns of Newark, Whippany and the Mountains [Orange] where
I visit and preach to a numerous assembly occasionally and in the wilder
ness and dispense the Sacrament to them. I have Baptized here and
elsewhere within the compass of two years last past 556 children besides
64 adults, and find in the peciple a general disposition to receive the Gos
pel according to the way and manner taught and established in the
Church of England.t
At the close of 1733, he reports the baptism, for the year,
of 88 children and five adults ; and for 1734, " 13 Adults 6
of which were negroes, and 162 children." The communi
cants were seventy. In the year, ending, May 29, 1739,
he baptized 129 Infants and 3 adults, and the number of
communicants was 84. A glebe " of nine acres of good land,
with a fine orchard thereon," had been acquired " by the
Piety and favor of a very worthy widow Mrs. Anne Arskins
[Erskine] of Elizabeth Town 4
" Mrs. Arskins " was the widow of John Erskine, who
came over in the Scotch immigration of 1684-5, who was, in
all probability, originally a Presbyterian.
When Mr. Whitefield visited the town in 1739 and 1740,
Mr. Yaughan stood aloof from him, and wrote to the Secre
tary of the Society giving an account of his preaching with
strictures on his doctrine.§
Mr. Yaughan continued in the work of the ministry, as the
Rector of St. John's Church, until his decease about the 12th
of October, 1747, " far advanced in years." It has been
said, on high authority, that Mr. Yaughan and Mr. Dickin
son " both lay corpses on the same day, the latter having
* Humphrey's nist. of the S, P. G. F., p. TT. t Clark's St John's Chh., pp. 48, 9.
} Ibid., pp. 60, 1, 5. 5 Clark's St. John's Chh., p. 66.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 361
died a few hours the first." But in a letter, written less than
three months after the event, in the name of the Church
Wardens and Yestry of St. John's Church, it is said, " A few
days before the death of Mr. Yaughan, Mr. Dickinson late
Dissenting Teacher in this place departed this life." As the
latter died on the 7th, it is probable that Mr. Yaughan died
on or about the 12th.*
It is, also, reported, that when tidings reached Mr. Yaug
han, then old and feeble, and nigh unto death, that Mr. Dick
inson was dead, he exclaimed, " Oh that I had hold of the
skirts of Brother Jonathan ! " As their " personal relations
were always of the most pleasant character," the report is
not improbable. It must have been a season of great desola
tion, when the town was thus deprived, at the same time, of
both of its pastors — settled at the same period, continuing
with them nearly forty years, and then stricken down the
same week.f
Mr. Yaughan's Will was dated, July 30, 1747 : in which
he speaks of his brother-in-law, Charles Townley, his niece,
Mrs. Sarah Townley, and her sister, Mary Townley (subse
quently married to Stephen Burrows) ; also, his sister-in-law,
Mrs. Shackmaple. To Sarah Townley (afterwards the wife
of John Harriman, 3d) he left his negro-man Jack, his plate,
his carriage, and the use of his dwelling house. His books
he gave to Walter Dongan, one of his Executors. To the
Propagation Society for the use of a Church of England
minister in Elizabeth Town, he gave his nine-acre lot. His
wife was the half-sister of Charles Townley, but about 20
years older.
The memory of Mr. Yaughan, as in the case of Mr. Dick
inson was very precious to the people of his charge. From
the information received by the Rev. Dr. Rudd, from Gen.
Matthias Williamson, who died Nov. 8, 1807, at the age of
91 years, and whose recollections of Mr. Yaughan were very
distinct and grateful, \
» Clark's St. John's Chh., p. 55. Eev. Dr. Endd's Hist.Notices of St. John's Clih., p.
10. Dr. Chandler says, that they " died in the same month of the-year— 47."
t Kov. Dr. Murray's Notes, p. 129.

362 THE HISTORY OF
It would appear that he was happily constituted for the times in
which he lived, and the sphere of his labours. He was sprightly and
engaging as a companion, as a friend and neighbour kind and liberal, and
his public ministrations were marked by great solemnity and tenderness,
especially the administration of the holy Supper.
At the time of the settlement of these two patriarchs, their
two congregations were the only ones in the town, and the
Episcopal congregation had just been gathered, including
but a very few families. At the time of their decease,
Presbyterian congregations had been gathered and ministers
settled over them, at Westfield, at Connecticut Farms, at
Turkey or New Providence, at Rahway, at Basking Ridge,
at Rocsiticus [Mendham], at West Hanover [Morristown],
and at Springfield, — all of which were included within the
original township of Elizabeth.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 363

CHAPTER XYII.
A. D. 1740-1164.
Negro Plot — Land Conflicts — Appeal to the Crown — Tumults — Secret Meet
ings — E. T. Bill in Chancery — Answer — Death of Gov. Morris — Jonathan
Belcher, Gov. — Issue of the long Conflict with the Proprietors — Death of
Mayor Bonnel — Lottery Mania — Two Lottery Schemes — Prof. Kalm's
Notices of the Town — Col. Rickett's Affair in N. Y. Harbor — Notices of Gov.
Belcher — Removes to E. T. — His Hospitality and Piety — Befriends the Col
lege — Gives it a new Charter — Incorporates the Presbyterian Chh. — Make3
E. T. the Seat of Government — His Death and Character — Judge Ross —
Addresses of the Corporation — Town Officers — Newspaper Notices — The
Barracks — First Centenary Celebration.
The Incorporation of the Borough, Feb. 8, 17f#, was fol
lowed, the same year, by the scenes and excitements of " the
Great Revival," absorbing the attention and interest of nearly
the whole community. The year following, 1741, witnessed
one of those remarkable panics to which a slaveholding com
munity are ever liable. The city of New York, in the
spring and summer of that year, was terribly agitated by the
report of a Negro Conspiracy to burn the city and murder
the white population, the particulars of which, by Recorder
Horsmandeh, have been so minutely and faithfully described
in his " History of the Negro Plot." To the disgrace of
humanity, During the progress of this affair, one hundred and fifty four negroes
were committed to prison ; of whom fourteen were burnt at the stake ;
eighteen hanged ; seventy one transported, and the rest pardoned or dis
charged for want of proof. Twenty white persons were committed, of
whom four were executed.*
Two were burned on the 3d of May, and the remaining
* Valentine's N. York, p. 2T5.

364 THE HISTORY OF
twelve in June following. Horrible as these transactions
were, they were not confined to New York. The panic ex
tended to this neighborhood, whither some of the suspected
blacks had fled for safety. Two at least of the poor creatures
were arrested, within the County of Essex, tried, found guilty,
and condemned to the same inhuman fate. The Account
Book of the Justices and Freeholders of the county contains
the following records :
June 4, 1741. Daniel Harrison Sent in his account of wood Carted for
Burning two Negros allowd Cur?. 0. 11. 0.
February 25, 174J. Joseph Heden ace' for Wood to Burn the Negros
Mr Farrand paid allowed. . 0. 7. 0. Allowed to Isaac Lyon 4/ Curry for
a load of Wood to burn the first Negro . . 0. 4. 0.
At the latter meeting were present, "Matthias Hatfield
Justice for Elizth town, John Halsted freeholder for Elizth
town." At the former, " John Ogden, Justice, John Halsted
and John Stiles freeholders for Elizebethtown." Zophar
Beech was allowed 7s. for "Irons for y" Negro that was
Burnt." The latter seems to have been allowed, Feb. 27,
17f|-, and probably refers to a prior event. Possibly, there
were three burned at the stake. The Sheriff on whom it de
volved to to execute the judgments of the Court, at this pe
riod, was William Chetwood of this town.
Whether these executions had any connection with the
so-called " Negro Conspiracy " at New York, or not, they
show a feature of the times not to be overlooked by the faith
ful historian.
The troubles with the "Proprietors" were perpetuated,
and soon after the occurrences just mentioned greatly in
creased. In 1740, the Town Committee consisted of John
Crane, Jonathan Dayton, John Megie, Thomas Clarke, An
drew Joline, Joseph Man, and Andrew Craige. Robert
Ogden, (the second of the name) a young lawyer, 24
years old, was chosen, Oct. 2, 1740, " Town Clark." He
became, subsequently, one of the most influential men in
the town.*
The two Actions of Ejectment, brought by the Penn
* E. Town Book, B. 81, 8.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 365
brothers, against Chambers and Alcorn, in 1735, (as already
noticed), came on for trial, at Amboy, Aug. 14, 1741 ; result
ing, on the 16th, in, a general verdict for the plaintiffs, on
the ground that the lands in question were not included in
the E. Town Purchase. To meet the expenses of this suit, it
was resolved at a town meeting, Dec. 15, 1741,
That the Committee of said Town should have full Power and Athor-
ity Given To them By Us To Sell and Dispose of all that three Hundred
Acres of Upland Lying near Ash Swamp which was Layed Out in the
Year One thousand Six Hundred and Ninety Nine (Alias) Seven Hun
dred for the Town Aforesaid : in Order to Defray the Cost and Charge of
the Sute Between William Pen Thomas Pen and Others : and the Said
Town.* An Action of Ejectment had, also, been brought, August,
1737, in the name of James Jackson, on the right of Joseph
Halsey, one of the Associates, against John Yail, holding by
a Proprietary right, which came to trial, March 17, 174£,
resulting, on the 19th, in a general verdict for the plaintiff;
which was carried, by appeal, before the Governor and
Council.f The case of Cooper vs. Moss and others, also, came to trial
in August 1742, resulting in a verdict, by a Morris County
Jury, for the plaintiff. Other Actions were brought, of a
similar character, some of which were, by compromise, with
drawn ; and others went to trial with like results. " To enume
rate all the Actions of Trespass, and Trespass and Ejectment,
which have been occasioned by the different claims of the Peo
ple of Elizabeth-Town and the Proprietors," would occupy too
much space in this Memoir. It was alleged, that the County
of Morris had been s.o formed, March 15, 173f , and the County
of Somerset had been so altered, Nov. 4, 1741, as to bring much
of the land in question into those counties, so that these cases
might be tried before Somerset or Morris Co. jurors, known
to be inimical to the claims of the E. T. Associates. So,
also, it was alleged, that the Judges were mostly in the in
terest of their persecutors.^:
* E. T. Bill, p. 48. Ans. to Do., p. 84. E. T. Book, B. 23.
t E. T. Bill, pp. 48, 9. Ans. to Do., p. 84. X Ans. to E. T. Bill, pp. 85, 6.

366 THE HISTORY OF
In these circumstances, it was determined to carry the
matter directly to the King's Most Excellent Majesty. Solo
mon Boyle, of Morris Co., writes, Nov. 16, 1743, to James
Alexander, (both of them in the interest of the Proprietary
party), that he
Had been to Elizabethtown the week before, and been informed that
the people of that place and the people of Newark had come to a written
agreement relative to their boundary — the Newarkers to join in sending
home against the Proprietors, but Col. Ogden said it was not finished,
and that none of the Ogdens would agree to it.
David Ogden, also, of Newark, one of the counsel of the
Proprietors, writes, Dec. 12, 1743, to JaTnes Alexander, his
fellow counselor, confirming what Boyle had written, with
additional information about the proposed agreement between
the two towns, and stating further, that
Mr. Fitch, from Norwalk, had met the Elizabeth Town Committee, and
left with them a petition to the King for relief against the Proprietors,
with which they were much pleased ; that Matthias Hetfield and Stephen
Crane had been chosen by them to go to England during the winter, and
lay it before the King.*
It is somewhat strange that the Associates should have em
ployed a lawyer of Norwalk, (afterwards Governor of Ct.) to
draw their petition, as it is not known, that he had any in
terests or connections here. They had no reason, however,
to regret it, as the work was well done. It recites very
clearly and fully the matters in controversy ; narrates suc
cinctly the history of the Indian Purchase and of the opposing
claims ; refers to the litigations determined, and others not
yet issued ; shows the difficulty of obtaining an impartial
hearing, as the courts and the country are constituted ; and
appeals to his Majesty for relief and redress.f
This Appeal was signed by 304 persons, purporting to be
" the Proprietors, Freeholders and Inhabitants of a Tract of
Land now called Elizabeth-Town, whose Names are hereunto
subscribed, in Behalf of themselves and others their Asso
ciates, Proprietors, Freehold ers, and Inhabitants of said
* Analytical Index, pp. 188, 9. t E. T. Bill, pp. 121, 2.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 367
Tract." A large portion of the actual inhabitants, known to
be of the same party, are not included in the list. No one
of the ministers of the seven congregations signed the paper,
except John Cleverly,' at Morristown,. and he had retired
from active service.
The Petition was forwarded to his Majesty, George II.,
probably by the hands of the persons appointed, Messrs.
Hatfield and Crane, and read in Couucil, July 19, 1744 ;
when it was referred to the Lords of the Committee of Coun
cil for Plantation Affairs ; by whom, Aug. 21st, it was re
ferred to the Lords Commissioners for Trade and Plantations.'
Its subsequent fate is not known.*
The people of Newark, especially those who lived at
Newark Mountains [Orange], in 1744, began to have trouble
with the Proprietary party, similar to that which the people
of this town had experienced for three fourths of a century.
Acts of violence were committed, arrests made, and offenders
imprisoned. In 1745-6, the jails were broken open, and the
prisoners released. ' Indictments were found against the
rioters, and society was convulsed. The Government, under
Hamilton, was " too weak to put a stop to " the riotous as
semblages of the opposition ; and, as Jas. Alexander and R.
H. Morris wrote, Dec. 4, 1746, " the infection of insubordina
tion was daily spreading ; " — all " on account of the disputed
title to the lands " purchased of the Indian owners of the soil.
Party spirit ran high. The excitement spread far and wide.
Deep sympathy was felt, of course, for the aggrieved settlers,
by the popular party in this town, though they were only
indirectly concerned in the issue. Gradually, however, the
field of contention widened. Collisions ensued between the
people of Turkey, who had drawn lots in 1736-7, near the
Passaic river, and others occupying portions of the same
ground by leases or purchase from the Proprietary party.
Secret meetings, or caucuses, were held by both parties to
devise measures to carry into effect their purposes, and to
gain advantages over their opponents. Secret communications
* E. T. Bill, p. 123.
t Hoyt's Orange, pp. 65-T5. E. T. Bill, App., pp. 1-89. Anal. Index., pp. 198, 208.

368 THE HISTORY OF
were passing back and forth, the intercepting of which at
times created no little trouble. William Chetwood, of this
town, and Sheriff of Essex County, finds an open letter on a
table in one of his rooms, from one of the leaders of the pop
ular party, and forthwith transmits it, May 7, 1747, to C.
Justice Morris, one of the lawyers of the aristocratic party,
with a note, in which he gives a little personal history as
follows : —
I intended to have waited on you myself, but have for some time past
and am still so troubled with a swelled face, and cold I have got that I
cant possibly do it.*
A copy of an affidavit by Solomon Boyle aforesaid, before
C. Justice Morris, in relation to some of these meetings and
plottings, is found, singularly enough among the Colonial
Papers of N. York. It bears the date of May 13, 1747. He
lived on a part of the land claimed by Daniel Cooper, of
whose suit against John Crane and others mention has been
made. He testifies, that —
About the end of October last being at the house of Samuel Woodruff
Alderman in Elizabeth Town, he was there desired by several persons,
particularly one they called Lawyer Daniel Clarke and one John Osborn
both of Elizabeth Town, to acquaint Daniel Cooper that in a fortnights
time the Mob intended to pay him a visit. He came to Dalrymple's place,
[Boyle's tenant], just after the house was broke open and the said Dal-
rymple with his wife and children turned out of doors on the 8th of April
last by a number of persons with Clubs, that he saw several of the persons
concerned in that Riot, carrying the Man's goods out of the House, some
in particular he remembers to have been present and active therein to
witt: Nath11 Davis (who was called their Capt") Abraham Hendricks,
Daniel Little of Turkey, Nath11 Rogers, Wm Johnston, Wm Breasted, and
James Hampton of Morris Town. He heard on the last training day being
the sixth day of April on Monday, the day appointed by Act of Assembly,
the Company at Turkey gave out, that they had liberty to chuse new
officers, and that they either chose or were about to chose the said Nath"
Davis for their Capt" and one Badgely Lieutenant.
Further, that
He with the said Joseph Dalrymple on the second day of this instant,
had occasion to go to Turkey, where fliey saw at Abraham Hendricks
* N. T. Col. Doomts., VIII. 845.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 309
house the said Abr : Hendricks Daniel Little and he thinks Isaac Hen
dricks and some men that were present a turning Dalrymple out of posses
sion and as this informant has been told by Daniel Cooper and Moses
Ayres, that since their turning Dalrymple out of possession, they said they
were misled and were sorry for it. (When questioned, they said), if the
thing was to do again and if we had the same information', which we now
have, we would do it yet.
The affidavit is drawn out to a great length, with much
more to the same effect, showing that the people of Turkey,
claiming by E. Town right, had taken the law into their own
hands, and were determined to drive off all other claimants ;
and tha,t they " said the Land at Turkey and much further was
theirs and they would have it as far as they claimed, and
that there would be more such doings by the Mob than ever
yet has been done in the Country. *
It was an unhappy state of affairs, without much prospect.
of improvement. The trouble had been prolonged for eighty
years, and become more aggravated from generation to-
generation. The law was powerless with a people who«
knew the justice of their claims and how to defend them.
It would have been far better for the Carteret party from the
first had they acknowledged these claims, and been content •
with the vast domain beyond the town. The course actually
pursued was sure to end in rupture and revolution.!
All this while, for at least three years, the so-called Pro
prietors had been preparing, with great pains and expense,,
a complete and labored argument in defence of their long.
litigated pretensions to the soil of this town, by the Duke of
York's Grant to Carteret. It purports to have been filed,.
April 13th, 1745. It was written on about 1500 sheets. It
bears the names of James Alexander and Joseph Murray, as
" Of Counsel for the Complainants," eminent lawyers of N.
York. Murray was one of the first lawyers of the land..
Alexander, the father of " the Earl of Stirling," was at the
head of his profession. The Bill was, undoubtedly, the
product of his pen — " one of the very few literary remains
of a man highly distinguished in his day, but who has left,"
* N. T. Col. Docmts., VIII. 846-9. t Mulford's N. Jersey, pp. 349-51. Gor
don's N. J„ pp. 103-11.
24

370 THE HISTORY OF
says Sedgwick, " but scanty testimonials of his character and
ability behind him." This bill is any thing but " scanty."*
It bears the following imposing Title :
A Bill in the Chancery of New Jersey, at the Suit of John Earl of
Stair, and others, Proprietors of the Eastern-Division of New-Jersey ;
Against Benjamin Bond, and some other Persons of Elizabeth-Town,
distinguished by the Name of the Clinker Lot Right Men. With Three
large Maps, done from Copper-Plates. To which is added ; The Publica
tions of the Council of Proprietors of East New-Jersey, and Mr. Nevill's
Speeches to the General Assembly, concerning The Riots committed in
New-Jersey, and The Pretences of the Rioters, and their Seducers.
These Papers will give a better Light into the History and Constitution
of New-Jersey, than anything hitherto published, the Matters whereof
have been chiefly collected from Records. Published by Subscription.
Printed by James Parker, in New- York, 1747 ; and a few copies are to be
sold by him and Benjamin Eranklin, in Philadelphia; Price bound, and
Maps coloured, Three Pounds ; plain and sticht only, Fifty Shillings,
Proclamation Money.
The printing was finished, July 21, 1747. It is a .folio,
with double columns, and contains, besides the Maps, 124
pages, with an Appendix of 40 pages. So plausible is the
plea, that nearly all the historians of the State have relied
almost implicitly on its statements, and, in many cases, have
thus been led into error. It is a special and one-sided plea,
and, as in all such cases, is to be received with caution, and
its statements of facts are to be subjected to a rigid scrutiny.!
The preparation of an Answer to this formidable Bill was
entrusted, by the Town Committee, to William Livingston
and William Smith, Jun., as their Counsel. Livingston was
the pupil of Alexander, and, if employed, as is likely, in
1750, was only in the 27th year of his age ; but he had al
ready acquired a high reputation at the bar in New York..
The interest that he took in this case was, probably, one of
the reasons that induced him, a few years later, to become a
resident of this town. Smith was still younger, in his 23d
year. Yet he was associated, that same year, Nov., 1750,
with others, in preparing the first Digest of the Colonial
• Sedgwick's Life of Wm. Livingston, pp. 49, 61.
t Anal. Indox, p. 206.—" 1500 acroB of rights had been sold lo bear- the cxpenso of Eliza
bcthtown suit." lb., p. 280.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 371
Laws of New York. He wrote the History of the Province,
and, after the Revolution, was made Chief Justice of Canada.*
The " Answer" was read in town meeting, Aug. 27, 1751,
and filed a few days afterwards. It was put in print the
following year, 1752, in similar form with the Bill itself (but
contains only 48 pages), with the following Title :
An Answer to a Bill in the Chancery of New Jersey. At the Suit of
John Earl of Stair, and others, commonly called Proprietors of the East
ern Division of New-Jersey, Against Benjamin Bond, and others claim
ing under the original Proprietors and Associates of Elizabeth-Town. To
which is added ; Nothing either of The Publications of the Council of
Proprietors of East New-Jersey, or of The Pretences of the Rioters, and
their Seducers ; Except so far As the Persons meant by Rioters, pretend
Title Against The Parties to the above Answer ; But A great Deal of the
Controversy, Though much less Of the History and Constitution of
New-Jersey, than the said Bill. Audi alteram partem. Published by
Subscription. New York : Printed and Sold by James Parker, at the
New Printing-Office, in Beaver-Street. 1752.t
It professes to be " The joint and several Answer " of 449
Freeholders and Inhabitants of Elizabeth Town, recorded in
alphabetical order.
The Town Committee, on whom was devolved the responsi
bility of conducting the Defense, were, for 1750, Messrs.
John Crane, Andrew Craige, William Miller, John Halsted,
Stephen Crane, Thomas Clarke, and John Chandler.
At the time of the preparation and the filing of the Bill
in Chancery, Lewis Morris was Governor of the Province.
He had long been conversant with the matters in litigation,
and was deeply interested in the issue of this most important
case — holding a large part of his property in N. Jersey by
Proprietary rights. Gov. Morris had presumed, without, as
was alleged, due authority, to erect a Court of Chancery, and
to exercise the prerogatives of Chancellor. Could the Bill
in question have been> with its Answer, submitted to his
adjudication, the plaintiffs would, undoubtedly, have obtained
just such a decision as they desired.
But this favorable prospect was blighted by the decease of
the Governor in May, 1746. Unfortunately for the advocates
* Sedgwick's Livingston, pp. 4S, 66, 8. Smith's N. York, pp. i., ix.-xvi.
t Anal. Index, p. 2TT.

372 THE HISTORY OF
and friends of the Bill, Jonathan Belcher, a famous old Pu
ritan, of Boston, Mass., was entrusted with the executive
functions, and entered upon his office as Governor of New-
Jersey, in August, 1747. Before the Answer to the Bill
could be printed, Gov. Belcher became a resident of this
town, and immediately identified himself with the First
Presbyterian church and "congregation, with which, and its
branches in the back country, the defendants in the Bill were
nearly all connected. The sympathies of Gov. Belcher,
therefore, would, most naturally, be given to the Presbyterian
party, for such, in fact, the defendants were. Owing to these
or other similar reasons, Gov. Belcher seems not to have
adjudicated the case; Alexander, who had the principal
management of the Bill, died, April 2, 1756. Murray died,
April 2, 1757, before the death of Gov. Belcher. The French
War succeeded. Then came the Stamp Act Excitement, fol
lowed by the Revolution. No place was found for the E.
Town Bill, and it fell by its own weight. Such was the end
of this famous struggle, continued for a whole century, and
resulting in the vindication of the original purchasers of the
soil, and the defeat of their opponents.
Other matters, in the meantime, engaged the attention of
the people, for the moment. Joseph Bonnel, Esq., the first
Mayor of the Borough, at the close of the winter of 174|-,
was removed by death. He lived in the neighborhood of
Connecticut Farms, where, in the graveyard of the Presby
terian Church, his remains were buried. A monument was
erected over his' grave with this Inscription :
Who knew him living must lament him dead,
Whose corpse beneath this Verdant Turf is laid.
Bonnel, in Private Life, in Public Trust,
Was Wise and Kind, was Generous and Just.
In Virtue's rigid Path unmoved he trod,
To Self Impartial, pious to his God.
Religion's Patron, and a Patriot True,
A general Good, and private blessing too.
What Bonnel was, and what his Virtues were,
The Resurrection day will best declare.
Joseph Bonnel, Esq., deceased March y« 14, 1747-8, in y" 63d year of
his age.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 373
He was repeatedly chosen, from 1716 to 1743;, to represent
the town in the General Assembly. In 1738, he was chosen
Speaker, and the same year appointed Second Judge of the
Supreme Court.
In 1748, the Lottery mania infected all classes of the com
munity. Not less than eight different schemes, for raising
money for public purposes in New Jersey, were advertised
in the papers of New York and Philadelphia. Two of them
related entirely to this town. The first was called " the
Elizabeth-Town Raway Lottery." The object was " To raise
a Sum of Money [£1050] for building a Parsonage-House,"
at Rahway. It consisted "of 1500 Tickets at 14s. each."
The prizes were £60, and £40, one each ; 3, of £20 ; 4, of
£17 ; 5, of £10 ; 10, of £7 ; 20, of £5 ; 60, of £2. 10. 0, and
200, of £1. 8. 0. It was drawn at Rahway, on Tuesday and
Wednesday, Aug. 2 and 3, 1748, " under the Care and Man
agement of John Ross, Esq., Thomas Clark, Esq., Jonathan
Freeman, Elifelet Frazee, Stephen Burrows and Josiah
Terrill." *
A similar " Scheme of a Lottery in Turkey, in Elizabeth
Town," was advertised, Aug. 8, 1748, " to raise a sum of
Money [£152. 5. 0.] for building a Parsonage-House, consist
ing of 1450 Tickets at 14s. each." The highest prize was
£30 : " The Drawing to commence on or before the first
Tuesday in November next, at the House of Benjamin Petti t,
Esq; in Turkey, if filled by that Time, under the Care and
Management of Messrs. Benj amin Pettit, David Day, Elnathan
Cory, John Badgley, Nathaniel Davis and Josiah Broad-
well." f
To such an extent was society demoralized by this per
nicious custom, that the Legislature of the Province, near
the close of the year, Dec. 16, 1748, passed a stringent act
against Lotteries and all other kinds of gambling ; prefixing
to the Act the following admirable Preamble :
Whereas Lotteries, playing of Cards and Dice, and other Gaming for
Lucre of Gain, are become of late frequent and common within this Colony,
* N. T. Weekly Post Boy, Nos. 273, 4, 8, 288, 290.
t N. T. Weekly Post Boy, No. 290.

374 THE HISTORY OF
whereby many Persons have unjustly gained to themselves great Sums of
Money from unwary Persons, as well as Children and Servants, tending to
the manifest Corruption of Youth, and the Ruin and Impoverishment of
many poor Families: And whereas such pernicious Practices and Desire
of unlawful Gain may not only give frequent Opportunities to evil-minded
Persons to cheat and defraud divers of the honest Inhabitants of this
Colony, but' may in Time, if not prevented, ruin the Credit thereof, and
be a Hindrance to Trade and Industry, and a great Temptation to Vice,
Idleness and Immorality, and consequently against the common Good,
Welfare and Peace of his Majesty's Government: Wherefore, &c. *
The law, however, was evaded by drawing the lotteries in
a neighboring province, though the tickets were sold and
purchased in this province.
The celebrated Swedish Naturalist, Prof. Ealm, in his
Botanical Explorations of these provinces, visited this part of
the country in 1748. On his way from Philadelphia to New
York, he tarried here a night and was gone in the morning.
He came to New Brunswick, at noon on Saturday, the 29th
of October, and proceeded north the same afternoon. After
passing the forks of the road, eight miles this side of New
Brunswick, at " Fairfield," he says : —
The counti-y now made a charming appearance ; some parts being high,
others forming vallies, and all of them well-cultivated. From the hills
you had a prospect of houses, farms, gardens, cornfields, forests, lakes,
islands, roads, and pastures. In most of the places where we traveled
this day the colour of the ground was reddish. I make no doubt, but
there were strata of the before-mentioned red limestone under it, Some
times the ground looked very like a cinnabar ore.
Wood-beidse is a small village in a plain, consisting of a few houses :
we stopped here to rest our horses a little. The houses were most of
them built of boards ; the walls had a covering of shingles on the outside ;
these shingles were round at one end, and all of a length in each row :
some of the houses had an Italian roof, but the greatest part had roofs
with pediments ; most of them were covered with shingles. In most
places we met with wells, and buckets to draw up the water.
Elizabeth-town is a small town about twenty English miles distant
from New Brunswick : we arrived there immediately after sun-setting.
Its houses are mostly scattered, but well-built, and generally of boards,
with a roof of shingles, and walls covered with the same. There were
likewise some stone buildings. A little rivulet passes through the town
* Allinson's Laws of N. J., p. 18T.

ELIZABETH, NEW'JERSEY. 375
from west to east; it is almost reduced to nothing when the water ebbs
away, but with the full tide they can bring up small yachts. Here were
two fine churches, each of which made a much better appearance than
' any one in Philadelphia.' That belonging to the people of the church of
England was built of bricks, had a steeple with bells, and a balustrade
round it, from which there was a prospect of the country. The meeting
house of the presbyterians was built of wood, but had both a steeple and
bells, and was, like the other houses, covered with shingles. The town
house made likewise a good appearance, and had a spire with a bell. The
banks of the river were red, from the reddish limestone ; both in and
about the town were many gardens and orchards ; and it might truly be
said, that Elizabeth-town was situated in a garden, the ground hereabouts
being even and well-cultivated.
At night we took up our lodgings at Elizabeth-town Point, an inn.
about two English miles distant from the town, and the last house on this
road belonging to New Jersey. The man who had taken the lease of it,
together with that of the ferry near it, told us that he paid a hundred and
ten pounds of Pennsylvania currency to the owner.
Oet. 30th. We were ready to proceed on our journey at sun-rising.
Near the inn where we had passed the night, we were to cross a river,
and we were brought over, together with our horses, in a wretched half-
rotten ferry. The country was low on both sides of the river, and con
sisted of meadows. But there was no other hay to be got, than such as
commonly grows in swampy grounds; for as the tide comes up in this
river, these low plains were sometimes overflowed when the water was
high. The people hereabouts are said to be troubled in summer with
immense swarms of gnats or musquetoes, which sting them and their
cattle. This was ascribed to the low swampy meadows, on which these
insects deposit their eggs, which are afterwards hatched by the heat.*
An exciting incident occurred in 1750, which deeply
stirred the growing, though yet latent, hostility to British
domination. It is best related in the words of the weekly
chronicler of that period : —
N. York, June 11, 1750.— Thursday last [7th] as Col. William Rickets
of Elizabeth Town, with his Wife and Family were going home from this
City in his own Boat, accompanied by some of his Friends, they unfor
tunately left the Burgee flying at their Mast Head ; and on their coming
abreast of his Majesty's Ship Greyhound, then lying in the North River, a
Gun was fired from on board her ; but they not apprehending it to be at
them, took no Notice of it, on which a second directly followed ; and the
Shot passing through the Boat's Mainsail, struck a young Woman, Nurse
* Peter Halm's Travels in North Am., 1. 181-3.

376 THE HISTORY OF
to one of Col. Ricket's Children, in the Head, and killed her on the Spot ;
she had the Child in her Arms, which happily received no Hurt. The
Boat on this immediately put back to this City. And the Coroner's In
quest being summon'd, and Evidences on both Sides examin'd, they '
brought it in Wilful Murder. *
The name of the nurse was Elizabeth Stibben ; it turned
out, that " she expired a few hours afterwards." The Grey
hound was a Ship of War, under the command of Capt.
Robert Roddam, a son-in-law of George Clinton, Governor of
the Province of New York. The Captain was on shore at
the time, having left the vessel in charge of Lieut. John
How, by whom the swivel gun was pointed. The gun was
fired by James Park, the Gunner's Mate. Col. Wm. Rickets
was the son of Capt. Wm. Rickets, dec4, of New York. Clin
ton speaks of him, as " a hot headed rash young man : " in
other words, probably, a young man of spirit, little inclined
to bow down to the British officials of the day, and, like a
multitude of other such young Americans, exceedingly galled
by the lordly exactions of their imported rulers. Clinton
says, that he had passed the Greyhound the day before with
out lowering his pendant, and, before leaving the city wharf,
on his return, had declared that he would do it again in spite
of the man-of-war. The affair took place " between Nutten
[Governor's] Island and the great Battery."
The democratic party, of which Chief Justice Delaney was
the head, took advantage of the sad event, to bring the ad
ministration into disrepute, and awaken popular indignation
against the despotism by which the people were oppressed.
Delaney imprisoned the Gunner's Mate for Murder ; and a
Habeas Corpus, demanded by Capt. Roddam, was refused
by Bradley, the Attorney General. Lieut. How was sent
" home " for trial, while Parks was kept in prison at New
York, as late as July 27th. How his case terminated does
not appear. The indignation and excitement of Ricketts'
townsmen, of course, was intense. Much of it was smoth
ered, only to break forth, in due time, with greatly-increased
power.f * N. T. Weekly Post Boy, No. 886.
t N. Y. Col. Doomts., VI. 571-6; 5S8-6. N. J. Hist. Soe Coll. IV. 64

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 377

GOV. JONATHAN BELCHER.
At the close of the year 1751, Gov. Belcher became a resi
dent of this town. He had been appointed Governor of
New Jersey, in 1747, to succeed Gov. Morris. He arrived,
in the Scarboro' man of war, at New York, Aug. 8, 1747, an
old man, in the 66th year of his age, having been born, at
Cambridge, Mass., Jan. 8, 168£. He was the son of Andrew
Belcher, (a Boston merchant, and a gentleman of great
wealth), and graduated at Harvard College in 1699, second
on the roll. He married, at Piscataway, N. H., Jan. 4,
170-jj-, " Mrs. Mary Partridge, daughter of L. Gov. Wm. Part
ridge." He became, at an early day, an active member of
the church, and ever, through life, honored his profession.
He spent six years abroad, was admitted to court, and was
treated with great respect by the best society. On his
return, he engaged in merchandise. He visited England
again, in 1729 ; and, Nov. 29, was appointed Governor of
Mass. and New Hampshire. He returned in Aug. 1730,
and continued in office until 1741, when he was superseded.
On the occasion of the visit of Whitefield to Boston in 1741,
he openly and warmly espoused the cause of that eminent
preacher, and became his personal friend and correspondent.
He went abroad again, in 1744, to vindicate himself, at
Court, from the aspersions of his opposers, reinstated him
self in the royal favor, and returned as Governor of N.
Jersey.* He published his commission at Perth Amboy, Aug. 10,
1747, met the Legislature, at Burlington, Aug. 20, and soon
after became a resident of that place — living, at first, with
Richard Smith, the Quaker, and, after Dec. 4th, in his own
house. While he was delighted with the air, soil, and situa
tion, he was much tried with the moral and religious state of
the people. He described it, as " a land flowing with milk
and honey," but the people had no relish for virtue and true
religion ; " they pay little regard to the Sabbath," — according
* Allen's Biog. Diet.

378 THE HISTORY OF
to the Quaker tenets — "the men journey — the women divert
— the children play in the streets without reproof — these are
the most uncouth and unpleasant things of my present con
dition." Lie occasionally went to the Quaker meeting and
Episcopal worship, " and at other times officiated as priest
in his own house." Having a coach and four, he proposed
to drive down (20 miles) to Philadelphia, and spend " the
Lord's Day often there, with his friend Mr. Tennent; " — Rev.
Gilbert Tennent, with whom he became acquainted, in 1741,
at Boston, and who, at this time, was pastor of a Presb.
church in Philadelphia.*
His wife had died before he went abroad, in 1744 ; and,
while in England, he became acquainted with a lady to whom
he offered himself in marriage. She came over to this coun
try, about Sept. 1, 1748, and was married to him on the 8th,
at Philadelphia. While in attendance on the Commence
ment of the College of New Jersey, at Newark, September 26,
1750, he was afflicted with paralysis, from the effects of which
he suffered during'the remainder of his life. He says, July 3,
1752, that " for eighteen months he had not been able to hold
a pen." f
Finding that Burlington air did not agree with him, he
made arrangements to remove to this town. A house was
prepared for his residence, in Jersey st, (occupied in later
years by Dr. Davis), and his wife, with her daughter, came
on, March 19, 1751, to examine it. To Mayor Samuel Wood
ruff, who took a great interest in his removal, he wrote, April
11, that Mrs. Belcher approved of the house, and desired to
have it made as commodious as possible. His removal, how
ever, was delayed until the following autumn.:):
That the anticipated event excited a considerable sensation
appears from a letter, written, Aug. 28, 1751, by Capt. Jona
than Hampton, of this town, to James Alexander, at New
York :—
Our Prime Minister has sent two boats to Burlington for Governor
Belcher's Goods — when he Comes We Expect every thing will be Done
* Anal. Index, pp. 20T, 11, 18, 24, 5. t Ibid. p. 294.
% Ibid., pp.[268,;9,.281, 8, 4. ~ Murray's^Notes, p.'U.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 379
in our favour but I pray the Lord may Send his heabus Corpus and Dis
charge our Borough of such a heavy Load of (Honour) (as our People Call
it) to have a Numerous Train of Bostonians whineing, Praying, & Cant
ing, Continually about our Streets, from Such evils (Deliver us)
I hope I shall not be caried by Sheriff Hetfield before Governor
Belcher for not answering, &c*
Gov. Belcher writes, Sept. 10, 1751, that "Mr. Hatfield
is come hither by Mr. Woodruff's request, to assist in getting
my House Furniture to Elizabeth Town, and wants a sloop
of about 30 or 40 tuns to complete the matter." Again,
Sept. 12, — that he " is engaged in putting his clothing and
furniture on board of three small sloops to take them round
to Elizabethtown." On the 19th, he writes to Mr. Samuel
Woodruff, that the men, " with the coach and the cows, and
the three sloops, with what they have on board," were " to
leave to-day," and that his daughter (Mrs. Elizabeth Teale)
" would soon be in Elizabethtown to assist in unpacking."
She left Burlington on the 23d. In a subsequent letter to
Mr. Woodruff, Oct. 17th, he says, " I regret to learn that one
of the vessels, laden with the effects, has carried the small
pox to Elizabethtown," and expresses the hope that it may
not spread, f
In a letter of Oct. 7th, he says, that he would " be 70
years old the next 8th January," and that he commonly
drank "besides water and small beer, about half a bottle
of old Madeira a day." And again, Nov. 4th, that he had
arrived at Elizabethtown on the 1st instant, " heart whole,
tho' money-less." At a later date, Ap. 11, 1752, he says,
— " For you must know if I indulge my taste in any one
thing more than another, it is in malt drink." Subse
quently, May 30th, he asks Mr. Samuel Woodruff, who
had a vessel going to Madeira, " to import for his own
use three pipes of the best Madeira wine, and a quarter
cask of Malmsey." %
The removal of the seat of government to this town was
deemed an event of too much consequence not to be appro
priately noticed. A respectful Address was prepared by the
* Eutherford Mss. t Anal. Index, pp. 277, 8, 9, 81. X Tbld, pp. 279, 281, 290, 8.

380 THE HISTORY OF
Corporation, and presented to the Governor on his arrival,
Nov. 1, 1751, signed by
John Stites, John Chandler, Thomas Clark,
John Radley, Samuel Woodruff, John Halsted.*
Stephen Crane, Eobert Ogden,
Previous to his being afflicted with paralysis, Gov. Belcher
" possessed uncommon gracefulness of person and dignity of
deportment." While Governor of Massachusetts and New
Hampshire, " his style of living was elegant and splendid,"
and he was distinguished for hospitality. As his fortune had
been impaired by his profuseness, it was not in his power to
maintain as much style here as -at Boston, and the growing
infirmities of age made it still more impracticable. But the
urbanity of his demeanor never forsook him ; and, while he
lived, it was his delight to extend the benefits of his large-
hearted hospitality as widely as possible. None, however,
were so welcome to his home as the pious and godly. A
sincere and devout Christian himself, he gathered about him,
and welcomed to his board mostly snch as were of like sym
pathies with himself. The passing missionary, the traveling
preacher, the pious visitor, were sure of a hearty reception
at his comfortable home. The incomparable Whitefield
writes, to Lady Huntington, from " Elizabeth-Town (New- Jer
sey), Sept. 30, 1754,"—
I am now at Governor Belcher's, who sends your Ladyship the most
cordial respects. His outward man decays, but his inward man seems to
be renewed day by day. I think he ripens for heaven apace. (To another
correspondent, he says, — ) I write this from Governor Belcher's, who is
indeed singularly good, and whose latter end greatly increases as to
spirituals. Oh that this may be my happy lot 1 1
President Edwards, also, describing a journey tliat he took,
in September, 1752, into New Jersey, says, —
I had considerable opportunity to converse with Governour Belcher ;
and was several times at his house at Elizabethtown. He labours under
many of the infirmities of age, but savoui's much of a spirit of religion,
and seems very desirous of doing all the good he can, while he lives.f
• Now York Weekly Post Boy, No. 462.
t Allen's Blog. Diet. Whtteflold's Works, III. 103, 5. J Edwards' Works, I. 510.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 381
1 ' From his first coming into, the province, he proved himself
the staunch friend of education and religion. To the infant
College of New Jersey, he not only gave a new Charter with
enlarged privileges, but used the whole weight of his personal
and official influence in behalf of its endowment and perma
nent establishment. After his removal to this town, at the
request "of a great number of" the members of the First
Presbyterian Congregation, a Charter of Incorporation was
granted them, by the Governor, August 22, 1753, appointing
Stephen Crane, Cornelius Hatfield, Jonathan Dayton, Isaac.
Woodruff, Matthias Baldwin,* Moses Ogden, and Benjamin
Winans, the first Trustees of the Congregation, with power
"to erect and repair Public Buildings for the Worship of
God and the Hse of the Ministry, and School-Houses & Aims-
Houses, & Suitably to Support the Ministry & the Poor of
¦ their Church : and to do & perform, other Acts of Piety &
Charity;" a boon, which was so long and persistly denied,
by the Royal Governors, to the First Presbyterian Congre
gation of the City of New York, f
Through the favor of Governor Belcher, also, on application
of " divers of the Inhabitants and Freemen " of the Borough
and Town, an Act was passed, June 21, 1754, by the General
Assembly at Perth Amboy, "to enable the Mayor, Recorder,
Aldermen and Common Council-men of the free Borough and
Town of Elizabeth, to build a Poorhouse, Workhouse and
House of Correction, within the said Borough ; and to make
Rules, Orders and Ordinances for the governing of the same ;
and to repair the Gaols of the said Borough ; ... to the Intent
the Poor of the said Bofough may be better employed and
maintained ; poor Children educated and brought up in an
* Mr. Baldwin was the son of Jonathan , and the grandson of John Baldwin, of Newark. His
father died, when he was but seven years of age. He was born in 1719, married Mary, a
daughter of Alderman John Boss of this town, and thus became a resident here. His only
sister, Joanna, married Isaac Nuttman, who, also, removed to this town, where he died, Nov.,
1749, leaving three children : John, Phebe, and Sarah. His wife survived him. He died
July 1, 1759, leaving his wife, and several children. The late Matthias W. Baldwin, of Phila
delphia, so memorable both for his wealth and munificence, was his grandson. The stone that
marks the resting-place of his remains is inscribed with the following Epitaph -. " He was a
good Neighbour; | a generous Friend; | an earnest promoter of the | PUBLIC GOOD; | A
Kind Father, a tender Husband, | In 6hort he was | A CHEISTIAN. | PASSENGER |
Imitate him, 1S4 be for ever | HAPPY. | t Murray's Notes, pp. 62-9

382 THE HISTORY OF
honest and industrious Way ; as also for setting to work and
punishing all Yagrants, Yagabonds, Pilferers, and all idle
and disorderly Persons, Servants and Slaves within the said
Borough ; ... for the Encouragement of Honesty and In
dustry, and suppressing of Yice and Immorality, and better
Government of said Borough.*
During the excitement and alarm consequent on Braddock's
defeat, July 9, 1755, and the consternation created by the
Indian outrages on the western borders of New-Jersey, Gov.
Belcher did all in his power to rouse the province in defence
of their habitations. The Nineteenth General Assembly, on
account of his growing infirmities, held their second session,
Feb. 24, 1755, and their six subsequent sessions, during the
next two years, in this town, — giving the town peculiar
prominence, at the time, in provincial affairs. The principal
legislation of the period had respect to the arming of the
militia, and making provision for their support while in
active duty against the French and the savage tribes of the
interior. Of the armed force, sent out of the province on
this service, a full proportion went forth from this town.f
A letter from this town, July 28, 1756, gives the following
information :
This Day was published here, by Order of his Excellency the Governor,
His Majesty's Declaration of War against the French King ; at which was
present his Excellency the Governor, attended by the Mayor and Corpora
tion of this Borough, together with five Companies of Foot, and two
Troops of Horse,'who on the Occasion fired three handsome Vollies. J:
Governor Belcher did not long survive these agitations.
He departed this life, at his home in this town, on Wednes
day, Aug. 31, 1757, in the 76th year of his age. As Mr.
Kettletas, the youthful minister of the congregation had not
yet been ordained, and doubtless felt incompetent for the
service, President Burr was called upon to preach the
Governor's funeral sermon. A vast congregation assembled
in the Presbyterian Church, on Lord's Day, Sept. 4, when
Mr. Burr (just 20 days before his own decease) preached
from Dan. xii : 13, — " But go thou thy way till the end be, for
» Allison's Laws of N. J., pp. 193-201. t Ibid., I. r, 203-14.
N. T. Mercury, No. 209.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 383
thou shalt rest, and stand in thy lot at the end of the days."
The discourse was published, with the Title, — " A Servant
of God dismissed from Labor to Rest." He spake of him as
having had, before he was deformed by paralysis, " a peculiar
Beauty and Gracefulness of Person, in which he was excelled
by no Man in his Day." He adds : —
The Scholar, the accomplished Gentleman, and the true Christian, were
seldom ever more happily united, than in »him. His unshaken Integrity
and Uprightness, in all his Conduct, his Zeal for Justice, and Care to have
it equally distributed, have rendered him the Admiration of the present
as they will of future Generations, The Prospect of worldly Interest,
earnest Solicitations of Friends, or Fear of Loss, seem to have had no
Influence to move him from what appeared to be his Duty. . . No Man
was ever more thoroughly Proof against all Kinds of Corruption and
Bribery. . . His distinguished and unaffected Piety, spread a Glory over all
his other Endowments, and rendered him a peculiar Blessing to the
World. . . By his sacred Regard to the Lord's Day, his steady and conscien
tious Attendance on all the publick Ordinances of his House ; he has left
a noble Example, worthy of the Imitation of all Rulers in a Christian
Land. . . This Practice he continued even when his great Weakness of
Body, and growing Infirmities would have been thought by every Body
a sufficient Excuse for his Absence. . . In his declining Days, he seemed to
ripen fast for the heavenly State ; had his Conversation much in Heaven,
and would frequently speak of the Things of another World, as Things
that were quite familiar to him. . . His approaching Dissolution he kept
daily in view, lived in a continual Expectation of it, and would often ex
press his Desires, that it might be hastened.*
His will was dated,. July 14, 1755. It refers to the Mar
riage Articles between him and his wife Louisa, executed,
Sep. 9, 1748 ; makes mention of his son Andrew (whom he
appoints his Executor), his son, Jonathan (Chief Justice of
Nova Scotia), and his daughter, Sarah, the wife of Byefield
Lyde, Esq. Elizabeth, the wife of his son, Andrew, is also
remembered. Samuel Woodruff and Robert Ogden, Esqs.,
are appointed Executors in trust, until Andrew can come on
from Mass. Matthias Hatfield, Esq., Cornelius Hatfield,
Esq., and John Radley are witnesses.
His decease created a great chasm in the town, followed
as it was by the removal, also, of the seat of government.
t
* Bnrr's Sermon, pp. 14—19.

384 THE HISTORY OF
He was universally lamented, as his administration had been
eminently successful, and his personal character had com
manded unbounded respect.
Of another distinguished citizen, who preceded him, about
three years, to the world of spirits, the following notice was
taken at the time :
Elizabeth-Town, August 15, 1754. Wednesday morning last [7th]
departed this Life, after a short but painful Dlness, John Ross, Esq ; one
of the Judges of Essex County Court, and a Master in Chancery : He
was a Gentleman of a very affable and obliging Disposition, of steady
and unshaken Principles, a strict Observer of Law and Justice, and a
truly honest Man. In his Death the Country have really a sensible Loss,
and a worthy Family an irreparable Damage ; which nothing can so
much alleviate, as the lively Hope and Assurance of his being translated
into a State of blessed Immortality: — This Testimony is now given of
him, by a Friend to his Werson and a Lover of his Virtues*
Judge Ross was the son of George Ross, who died in
October, 1750 ; and the grandson of Deacon George Ross,
who came here from New Haven, about 1670, having mar
ried there, in 1658, Constance Little. The grandson was one
of the original Aldermen of the Borough, so named and ap
pointed in the Charter of Feb. 8, 17£#.
The concluding years of the first century of the town pre
sent but little of particular interest, save in respect to its
religious history, yet to be related. On the death of Gov.
Belcher, the government of the Province devolved on Lieut.
Governor Pownall, ad interim. At the time, he was, also,
Governor of Massachusetts, and was residing at Boston.
Learning that the old Governor was dead, he came hither to
look after the royal interests in the Province, and to prevail
upon the Senior" member of Council, Mr. John Reading, to-
act as Governor. On his arrival here, Sept. 21st, he was
formally received and made welcome, by the Corporation,
on which occasion, an Address, signed by Robert Ogden,
Recorder, was presented him, in which they speak of the
place, as " the oldest and largest town in the Government of
New Jersey." f
* N. T. Weekly Post Boy, No. 204. t N. T. Mercury, No. 269.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 385
In like manner, when Francis Bernard, Esq., was pro
claimed, at Amboy, Governor of New-Jersey, .a formal
Address was presented, to his Excellency, June 17, 1758, by
the Corporation of the Borough of Elizabeth. When Chief
Justice Nathaniel Jones came to reside in this town, he was
made welcome by an Address from the Corporation, Samuel
Woodruff, Mayor, " a genteel Entertainment " having been
provided on the occasion. Governor Thomas Boone was re
ceived, July 3, 1760, at E. Town Point by Capt. Ten-ill's
troop of horse and escorted to the Woodbridge line on his
way to Amboy. On the 7th, the Corporation of E. Town
presented their Address and were publicly entertained by
the Governor. So, too, his successor, Josiah Hardy, Esq.,
on his landing at E. Town Point, Oct. 29, 1761, was received
by the Council and some of the chief gentlemen and magis
trates of the Borough, and escorted by Capt. Ten-ill's troop.
The presentation of the Address followed, as in the former
cases.* From the County Account Book,.it appears, that, during the
last thirty years of the first century of the town, the follow
ing persons sat in the Justice's Court as Chosen Freeholders :
Cornelius Hatfield, John Halstead, Samuel Woodruff, Daniel
Potter, Wm. Winans, John Stiles, John Chandler, Joseph
Morse, and Ephraim Terrill.
The following were Justices : Andrew Joline, Joseph Bon
nell, Thomas Price, Matthias Hatfield, John Halstead, Jo
seph Mann, John Blanchard, John Stiles, Samuel Woodruff,
Thomas Clark, and Jacob DeHart.
The office of High Sheriff was filled successively by Wm.
Chetwood, Matthias Hatfield, Stephen Crane, and Matthias
Williamson. The following were Collectors for the county :
Cornelius Hatfield, John Harriman, and Ephraim Terrill.
The old Account Book shows, that, May 8, 1745, they
" allowed to William Chetwood for hanging Negro John and
Burning Harry Hartwel's Hand, £5. 0. 0, proc." — May 13,
1752 : " Allowed to Samuel Meeker 4/procn a day for ye 39
* N. T. Mercury, Nos. 306, 382. Whitehead's Amboy, pp. 171, 7, 183.
25

386 ¦ THE HISTORY OF
days which he spent in taking the list of ye Estates of Eliztn
town to be paid out of ye next County tax proc11 £7. 16. 0." —
Dec. 18, 1753 : "Allowed to Mr hatfleld the high Sheriff for
the Indightment & Whiping John Williams proc" £3. 6. 3.
Allowed to the Widow Conger 33/4 for Getting a 100 loads
of Stone at /4p. on her land for Elizth town brig," [bridge].
—Feb. 20, 1759 : " allowed Cap*, terrel for plank & Work
on a brig over Raway River by John Morises Cury £10. 2. 0."
—June 19, 1759 : " allowed Ezekiel Ball for Building a Pil
lory at Elizabeth Town, £2. 2. 0."
The Provincial Tax for 1753 was for E.Town, £116. 16. 1. ;
for Newark, £79. 2. 6. ; for Acquacknong, £35. 2. 10. Of
the £200. County Tax, E. Town paid £99. 6. 11. Of 155
" arms " to be "furnished by the county, 78 were required of
E. Town.
Of the Advertisements and Notices in the New York
Weeklies, the following pertain to this town : —
(Dec. 24, 1744.) An Indian Wench named Sarah, absented sometime
ago from her Master the Rev. Mr. Simon Horton, at Connecticut Farms :
She formerly belonged to Mr. Samuel Bayard, Merchant in New York,
and has been seen lately in this City : She is a short thick Wench,
about 24 Years of Age, and has lost some of her Fore Teeth. Whoever
can take up the said Wench and commit her to the Workhouse, or other
wise secure her, shall be well rewarded by Simon Horton.*
(April 27, 1747.) To be Sold, The Mill in Elizabeth Town, near the
Bridge, with the bolting Cloths, and other Utensils thereto belonging ;
and also a House and Lot, conveuient for the same. Whoever has a Mind
to purchase the aforesaid Mill and Lot, may enquire at the House of Wil
liam Chetwood near the Premises, and be informed of the Title and Con
ditions of Sale.t
(Nov. 23, 1747.) Aaron Miller, Clock Maker, In Elizabeth Town, East
New-Jersey, Makes and sells all Sorts of Clocks, after the best Manner,
with Expedition : — He likewise makes Compasses and Chains for Survey
ors ; as also Church Bells of any size, he having a Foundry for that Pur
pose, and has cast several who have been approved to be good; And will
supply any Persons on a timely Notice, with any of the above Articles, at
very reasonable Rates, |
(Jan. 25, 174J.) To be Sold, a very good House and Lot, lying
in Elizabeth Town, containing 7 Acres, and a good Orchard, in the
* N. T. Weekly Post Boy, No. 101. t Ibid, No. 228.
I Ibid. No. 263.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 387
Heart of the Town, near the Church, very well situated for a Store ;
and also a one Horse Chaise, at a reasonable Price. Enquire of Elias
Grazeillier. *
(Jan. 2, 174|.) Whereas about 6 or 7 Weeks ago one Samuel Smith, of
the Borough of Elizabeth, in New-Jersey, came to this city, and bought
sundry Goods ; but in his Way home was lost near Elizabeth-Town Point :
The Persons who sold him the said Goods are desired to inform the
Printer hereof, that his Friends may know their Contents and which of
them remain unpaid for. t
(June 26, 1749.) Through the excessive hot Weather of Sunday last,
many fish died on Monday in Elizabeth Town Creek. f
(Feb. 19, I7ff.) William Pool's plantation is to be sold, on Tuesday,
the 27th inst. about a mile from town on the Woodbridge road. §
(July 16, 1750.) We have an Account from Ash Swamp, near Elizabeth
Town, that about ten Days ago, a Shower of Hail, incredibly large, fell in
a Vein of some Miles in those Parts, which laid waste and entirely con
sumed every Field of Wheat and Corn that was within its Compass ;
Limbs of Trees broke to Pieces, and Birds and Fowles, scarce one within
its Reach escaped. 'Tis said some of the Hail Stones were as big as
Hen's Eggs. ||
(Sept. 24, 1750.) Ran away the 10th of September, Inst., from John
Cooper, of Elizabeth Town, in East New-Jersey, a young Negro Man,
named CsBsar, between 20 and 25 years of Age ; is small of Stature, and
speaks good English ; he is as black as most any in the Land. Had on
when he went away, a grey Linsey Woolsey Waist-Coat, with one or two
Buttons on the Sleeve, a Pair of Tow Trowsers, and a Leather Jockey
Cap instead of a Hat. 1T
Mr. Cooper, Caesar's master, was the son-in-law of Rev.
Mr. Dickinson.
(Aug. 12, 1751.) We hear from Elizabeth Town, that two Women have
been killed within these few Weeks past, near that Place, by falling out of
riding Chairs.** ,
As specimens of the domestic Slave Trade, the following-
advertisements, by one of the most prominent citizens, an
active member of the Presbyterian church, President of the
Board of Trustees, and subsequently, an Elder, for many
years, are worthy of notice : —
(April 27, 1752.) A likely Parcel of Negro Boys and Girls from 12 to-
20 Years of Age, who have all had the Small Pox, To be sold by Cornelius -
, Hetfield, in Elizabeth Town.
* N. T. Weekly Post Boy, No. 282. t Ibid. No. 811. X Ibid. No. 336.
§ Ibid, No. 370. 1 Ubid. No. 891. ^ Ibid. No. 401. *» Ibid. No. 447. .

388 THE HISTORY OF
(June 4, 1753.) To be sold very reasonable by Cornelius Hatfield, at
Elizabeth Town, East New Jersey, A Parcel of likely healthy Negro Men
and Women, from between 14 and 22 Years of Age.*
(June 8, 1752.) Matthias Williamson offers for sale his Dwelling House
and Kitchen, Garden, Yard, Barn, Stables and Chair House.t
(Nov. 20, 1752.) Run away from Dr. Matthias Dehart of Elizabeth
Town, an Irish Servant Man named William Davis, but changes his name
to Davison, a small Fellow, lanthorn jaw'd, his left shoulder out of joint,
pretends to be an Englishman and a Sailor, red complexion, red Hair and
Beard, about 24 Years old, had on an old Bever Hat cut across the Crown,
a light Ratteen Jacket, a striped under-Jacket, new Shirt, Leather
Breeches and new Shoes ; 'tis like he has Tar-Spots on most of his Cloaths,
as he workt on board a Vessel for some Time.
Also run away with him, a Servant L-ish Woman, named Mary Kelley,
belonging to Capt. Jonathan Hampton, of the same Town, a likely Girl,
about 20 Years old ; 'tis supposed they will pass for Man and Wife ; She
is short and well-set ; had pn an old short red Cloak, old brown Calli-
manco Gown, no Bonnet, and otherwise but very poorly cloathed. They
were lately advertised in the Pennsylvania Gazette, have ran away twice
before this since last May, once from Newcastle, and once from Glouces
ter County. They used to travel by Night and steal Fowl, &c. for
Sustenance. Any Person that shall bring them back to their Masters,
shall have Three Pounds Reward, and all reasonable Charges, paid by
Matthias Dehart and Jonathan Hampton.J
(Dec. 25, 1752.) Robert Milburn, Blacksmith, advertises a Runaway
Servant, Samuel Cooper, & a journeyman, Daniel Eaton.
(Oct. 1, 1753.) Cooper has run away again, and Richard Brown an
Irishman, has also absconded from Milburn.§
(June 4, 1753.) Imported in the Samuel and Judith, Capt. Griffiths,
from London, and the Grace, Capt. Nealson from Bristol, and to he sold
by Capt. Jacob Dehart, in Elizabeth Town, A large Assortment of
European and East India Goods.!
(April 5, 1756). Last Monday morning [5th] about 8 o'clock, the House
of Mr. Edward Sears of Elizabeth-Town, in New-Jersey, was burnt to
Ashes, occasioned, 'tis Conjectured, by some Sparks of Fire getting through
a Crack in the chimney, and falling on the Roof. IT
(Aug. 27, 1757.) Three affidavits, before Robert Ogden, Esq., are pub
lished, from which it appears that Samuel Woodruff, of Elizabeth Town,
was part owner of the Schooner " Charming Betsey^" Wm. Luce, Capt.,
which was loaded at E. Town, in Feb., 1757, with provisions and lumbe^
and sailed from the Point to St. Christophers, W. I. Joseph Jelf, at that
time, was of full age, and had been Clerk and Book-keeper, upwards of
* N. Y. Weekly Post Boy, Nos. 484, 540, t Ibid. No. 490. X Ibid. No. 512
§ Ibid. Ncs. 617, 657. 1 Ibid, No. 640. T N. Y. Mercury, No. 192.

ELIZABETH, NEW* JERSEY. 389
three years, for Mr. Woodruff. Soon afterwards he became his partner
in business.*
(Oct. 24, 1757.) On Tuesday, the first Day of November, Will be sold
at public auction, at Elizabeth Town, in New-Jersey, the househould
furniture, plate, cattle, &c.,' of his late excellency governor BELCHER.
Also, if not before disposed of at private sale, a good coach, and four very
fine black coach-horses.t
(June 24, 1758.) Captain Jonathan Hampton, of Elizth-Town, writes
from Cole's Fort, on the Frontiers of New Jersey, giving an account of
the progress of the war against the Indians.]:
(Aug. 21, 1758.) Run away On the 13th of August, from William Per-
tree Smith, Esq. ; of Elizabeth-Town, in New- Jersey, a Negro Man, called
Prince, &c.
The same date, is advertised a Horse Race to take place
at Elizabeth-Town, in East New Jersey, on Tuesday, Oct.
30th ; three two mile heats ; for £20. Horses entered by
William Euen.§
(Jan. 8, 1759.) To be Let, the noted Tavern, in Elizabeth-Town, kept
by the late Widow Chetwood, known by the Sign of the Hogshead, being
very convenient for a Tavern, Merchant, Shop-keeper, or Tradesman.
Apply to Matthias Williamson in Elizabeth Town near the Premises.
Mr. Williamson has, also, to sell a good House, Barn, Storehouse, Garden
and six acres near the Bridge in Elizabeth Town.]
(Dec. 31, 1759.) A Lottery for making an Addition to, and repairing
St. John's Church, in Elizabeth-Town : Erected and to be drawn near
Schuter's Island, about two miles from Elizabeth-Town Point. 3334
Tickets, at $4 each. One Prize of $1000; 2, of $500; 4, of $200; 8, of
$100 ; 16, of $50 ; and 30, of $20. Drawing to begin, Feb. 5, 1760, under
the Direction and Management of Jonathan Hampton and John De Hart,
Esqs. (Feb. 4, 1760.) The Drawing of the above Lottery postponed to March
14. Tickets to be had of (among others) the Reverend Mr. Chandler, in
Elizabeth-Town.1T It was contrary to law to draw a lottery in the Province ;
and to evade the law, it was common to have lotteries drawn-
at or near Schuter's Island. •
(Feb. 18, 1760.) Choice Deer Skins, of all Sorts to be sold by David-
Ball and Matthias Swain, at Springfield, in the Borough of Elizabeth,
New-Jersey, for cash only.
* N. Y. Mercury, No. 265. t Ibid. No. 271. X Ibid. No. 308.
5 Ibid. No. 814. D Ibid. No. 334. IT Ibid. Nos. 385, 390.

390 THE' HISTORY OF
(The same date). To be Sold, a likely Negro Wench, about 18 Years
old ; enquire of William P. Smith, Esq., at Elizabeth Town. She has had
the Small pox and Meazels.*
(June 10, 1760.) Last Wednesday evening [5th] the Son of Robert
Ogden, Esq., of Elizabeth-Town, a Boy of about 10 Years old, was
drowned in the Creek, in the Place, as he was bathing.t
(Dec. 8, 1760.) Edward Arnold, near the- Bridge in Elizabeth-Town,
Has imported a_ general Assortment of Goods fit for the Season, (&c), all
which he will sell wholesale and retail, as cheap as they are to be had in
New York.t
(Feb. 1, 1762). To be sold at publick Vendue, on Monday the 14th
Instant, at Mr. Thomas Tobines in Elizabeth-Town, for the benefit of his
Creditors, an Assortment of Goods fit for the Season.§
(Feb. 22, 1762.) To be let and entered upon the first day of May
next, at Elizabeth-Town in the province of New-Jersey, a large commo
dious Dwelling house in which Cornelius Hetfield, Esq : now lives : Said
house is two story high, has six rooms on a floor, with seven fire-places,
and a very good cellar under the whole house, with a large kitchen, and
a good garden, about six acres of good land, a young orchard on the same,
and an excellent good living spring near the house, and is very pleasantly'
situated in the Town. Said Hetfield has to dispose of a good assortment
of Dry Goods, Ironmongery and Cutlery ware, which he will sell at prime
cost, for Cash ; and all persons that are indebted to him, are desired to dis
charge their respective accounts in a short time. N. B. He has likewise
to dispose of a quantity of choice seasoned two inch planks.I
(Sep. 13, 1762.) On Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday, 5th 6th &
7th of October, horse races are to be run on the Course of Elizabeth
Town, in the Field of Isaac Hatfield, about a mile from the Bridge.1T
(Nov. 15, 1762.) Moses Ogden of Elizabeth Town advertises three
Apprentice Lads, who had run away on Sunday evening, Oct. 31st. :—
James Anderson, Tanner, 19 years old, 5 feet, 7 inohes high ; Uzal Wood
ruff, shoemaker, 18 years old, 5 feet 6 inches high ; and Epenetus Beech,
shoemaker, 5 feet, 5 inches high. Reward, £15.**
(May 16, 1763.) Samuel Meeker's Negro, Sampson, has run away.
(Sept. 19, 1763.) Margaret Johnston (Formerly the Widow Chet
wood), Who, for many Years, kept the Nag's Head Tavern, near the
Bridge in Elizabeth Town, begs leave to inform her old Customers and
Friends that she now keeps a Public House near said Bridge, in Elizabeth-
Town, in the large and commodious House, lately belonging to the Estate
of Col. Peter Sohuyler, deceased, commonly oalled the White House, at
the Sign of the Nag's Head, (&c.) tt
* N. V. Moroury, No. 392. t Ibid. No. 409. t Ibid. No. 434.
§ Ibid. 496. I Ibid. No. 499. n Ibid. No. 528.
** N. Y. Mercury, No. 587. tt N. V. Gazette, Nos. 281, 249.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 391
Elizabeth Town (in New Jersey) Jan. 23, 1764. Last Friday, departed
this life, Miss Mary Eldrington, an old virgin, in the 109th year of her age.
She was of an ancient family, born at Eldrington-Hall, in Northumberland,
Old England, and on the next day she was decently interred in St. John's
Church-yard, at Elizabeth-Town. — It is remarkable, that, notwithstand
ing her great age, she was very desirous of getting a husband before she
died ; and not two years since, nothing could offend her so highly as to
tell her that she was too old to be married.*
(Jan. 30, 1764.) Last Friday, as Robert Ogden, Esq., of Elizabeth
Town, with his wife, Son, and President Finley's wife, &c, were passing
over on the ice at New Brunswick, it gave way with them, and it was
with the greatest difficulty, their lives were saved.t
(May 14, 1764.) John Graham, who formerly kept the sign of the
Duke of York at Whitehall, in New York, now keeps the Sign of the
Marquis of Grandby in Elizabeth Town, in the most publick part of said
town, and the most noted tavern for many years past. It was formerly
kept by Mrs. Chetwood, but latterly by Mr. John Joline.J
During the troubles consequent on the long war with the
French, extending from 1754 to 1763, repeated calls were
made on the town for recruits ; and these requisitions were
answered by numerous enlistments. A military policy, also,
was adopted, requiring that soldiers should be quartered in
some of the principal towns of the province, ready for the
emergencies of war. At first, the troops, while in winter
quarters, were billeted upon private families ; but, it being
" found by Experience," that this practice was " not only at
tended with a very heavy publick Expence, but many other
pernicious Consequences to private Families," an Act was
passed, by the Legislature, April 15, 1758, providing that
substantial Barracks, each sufficient to accommodate three
hundred men, should be constructed at Burlington, Perth-
Amboy, Elizabeth-Town, New Brunswick and Trenton. The
Act was carried into effect in the course of 1759. §
The Barracks in this town were erected on the rising
ground fronting on Cherry st., near Jersey st., and extended
from the street east towards the Creek, fronting the South.
They were constructed in a substantial manner, and were
probably not much unlike the Barracks at Perth Amboy,
* Mass. Gazette and News Letter, of Feb. 16, 1764.
t N. T. Mercury, No. 641 . } N. York Gazette, No. 234.
§ AUinsou's Laws of N. J., p. 218. Whitehead's Amboy, pp. 256, 7.

392 THE HISTORY OF
which survive to the present day. They were occupied, soon
after their completion, by British soldiers, some of whom
were almost constantly quartered here — the 44th and 47th
regiments in particular — until the War of the Revolution.
The presence of the troops had, for the most part, a demoral
izing effect on the society of the town. The Barracks were
destroyed by the British during the war.*
At the close of the first century of the town 's history, the
event was celebrated, Oct. 28, 1764, by a centennial dinner,
on which occasion an ox, roasted whole, in the centre of the
town, opposite Barnaby Shute's house, was served to the
guests.f * Murray's Notes, p. 99. 1 Ibid. p. 164.

^ELIZABETH, NEW/JERSEY. 393

CHAPTER XYIII.
A. D. 1W-1760.
Ecclesiastical. — Rev. Elihu Spencer — Early Life — Ordination and Installa
tion — His Marriage — Public Services — Removal — Subsequent History —
His Death — His Family — Rev. Abraham Keteltas — Early Life — Licensure,
Call and Ordination — Chh. Clock — Removal to Jamaica, L. I. — Subse
quent History — Death — Children.
The death of the Rev. Jonathan Dickinson was a sad and
deplorable event in the history of the First Presbyterian
church. It was not «to be expected, that a successor could
be obtained of equal capacity.. The church Wardens of St.
John's wrote " home," Dec. 26, 1747, — " The Dissenters can
with great ease be supplyed with a Teacher ; but alas ! our
infelicity is such that we must have recourse to a distant aid."
The facts were that St. John's was supplied, at least in part,
almost without delay, — while the " Dissenters " were with
out a pastor, or stated supply, nearly two years.*
No record remains, by which it can be learned, who sup
plied the Presbyterian church during the first of these two
years. The eccentric James Davenport was settled over the
church at Connecticut Farms at this period, and probably
officiated here occasionally. . The Rev. Elihu Spencer began
to supply the pulpit in the spring of 1749. Pres. Edwards
writes, May 20, 1749,—
Mr. Spencer is now preaching at Elizabethtown in New Jersey, in the
pulpit of the late Mr. Dickinson, — and I believe is likely to settle there.
He is a person of very promising qualifications : and will hopefully in
some measure make np the great loss, that people have sustained by the
death of their former pastor.t
* Clark's St. John's, p. 58. t Edwards' Works, I. 274.

394 THE HISTORY OF

THE REY. ELIHU SPENCER
was a townsman and a beloved kinsman and friend of David
Brainerd. He was the son of Isaac Spencer and Mary Selden,
and was born at East Haddam, Ct., Feb. 12, 1721. He was
the seventh child of his parents. His father was the grand
son of Jared Spencer, who came to Haddam as early as 1665.
Samuel, the son of Jared, was his grandfather, and Hannah,
the daughter of Jared, was the grandmother of David and
John Brainerd, who consequently were his second cousins.
Jerusha Brainerd, sister of David and John, was the wife of
his eldest brother Samuel ; and Martha Brainerd, a third sis
ter, was the wife of his second brother, Joseph Spencer, after
wards Maj .-General of the Army of the Revolution, and Mem
ber of Congress. A peculiarly close intimacy, therefore,
existed between Elihu Spencer and the two Brainerds. It
was at the house of Samuel Spencer, Jerusha's husband, that
David Brainerd found a home, whenever, in his public life, he
visited his native town. To this sister Brainerd was greatly
attached, and the news of her death, brought him shortly be
fore his own departure, deeply affected him. John Brainerd
was about one year, and David about three years, older than
Elihu Spencer. They grew up, and fitted for College, to
gether. Spencer and John Brainerd entered Yale College at
the same time, and graduated in 1746, in the same class with
the Rev. Dr. Ezra Stiles, subsequently President of Yale Col
lege, and with Lewis Morris and John Morin Scott, after
wards members of Congress. The Rev. Dr. Thos. B. Chandler
of this town, and the Hon. Wm. Smith, the historian, pre
ceded them one year.*
Three or four weeks only before his decease, David Brai
nerd recommended, to the Commissioners at Boston, his be
loved kinsman, Elihu Spencer, as a missionary to the Six
* Goodwin's Goneal. Notes, p. 203. Hall's Tronton, pp. 20S-9. Brainerd's Life of John
Brainerd, pp. 25-35. Sprague's Annals, III. 165. Jerusha Brainerd was tho mother of Col.
Oliver Spencer, at a later day a citizen of this town, of hljth social position, introduced here,
doubtless, by his uncle, the Eev. Elihu Spencer. He married Anna, tho 2d daughter of
Eobert Ogden and Phebe Hatfleld, and the sister of the distinguished Eobert, Matthias and
Aaron Ogden.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 395
Nations, together with Mr. Job Strong, of Northampton,
Mass. They were accordingly appointed, and directed to
spend the winter following, with John Brainerd, at Bethel,
N. J., among the Christian Indians, the better to become ac
quainted with the manners and customs of the Indians. They
came to Brainerd's house, early in January, 1748, and re
mained until the spring, when they returned to Boston for
further instructions. They were then directed to repair to
Northampton to pursue their studies with the Rev. Jonathan
Edwards, during the summer ; and to be present at the Con
ference in Albany, N. Y., July 23, 1748, between the Gov
ernors of N. York and Massachusetts and the Chiefs of tho
Six Nations ; with which instructions they complied. Ar
rangements were made at this Conference for the reception
of missionaries among the Oneidas.
Mr. Spencer, who had probably been 'licensed by one of
the Mass. Associations, returned to Boston, and was there
ordained, Sept. 14, 1748, as a Missionary to the Oneidas.
Shortly after, he entered upon his missionary work at Ono-
hohguaga, [Dnadilla], on the Susquehannah River, where he
spent the winter. Meeting with many discouragements by
reason of the incapacity and unfaithfulness of the interpreter,
he returned to Boston, to obtain a better interpreter and a
colleague. In the meantime, he was providentially directed
to this town, soon after his return, and was employed, about
the 1st of May, 1749, as a Stated Supply of the pulpit, and a
candidate for settlement.*
At the meeting of the Synod of New York, at Maidenhead,
N. J., May 17, 1749, Mr. Spencer was present as a Corre
sponding member, and was appointed, with Messrs. Prime.
Davenport and Youngs, to write to the Fairfield County
Association, East, to induce them to send ministers to Vir
ginia, in response to an appeal by the Rev. Samuel Davies.
This would indicate, that his connection with the Synod, as
the prospective pastor of Elizabeth Town, was even then
regarded as quite certain. He was in attendance at the
* Edwards' Works, I. 268-70, 274. Brainerd's John Brainerd, p. 14a Hall's Trenton, p.
211. Webster's.Presb. Chh., p. 588.

396 THE HISTORY OF
College commencement in New Brunswick, Sept. 27, and
had a pleasant time with his kinsman John Brainerd, with
whom he spent the evening. Brainerd visited him in this
town, on Wednesday, November 8th, and found him enjoy
ing the hospitality of Mr. Samuel Woodruff. Two or
three days they spent very lovingly together, and on
Saturday, Mr. Spencer went down to Bethel to spend the
Sabbath with his old friends, the Christian Indians, and
Mr. Brainerd remained here to supply the pulpit on the
Sabbath, Nov. 12th.*
As the prospect of returning to his work among the Oneida
Indians was not hopeful, a call was extended to him to become
the pastor of the Presbyterian church of this town, which he
accepted. He was installed by the Presbytery of New York,
February 7, 1749-50 ; of which he made the following record
in his family Bible': —
This day was installed E. Spencer, and took the great charge (onus
humeris angelorum formidandum) of the ministry in Elizabethtown,
setatis suae 28. The Lord help me.t
In the Diary of the Rev. John Brainerd, occurs this pas
sage :
Monday, Sept. 25. — Spent the forenoon at Mr. Eaton's (it being rainy),
partly in reading and partly in conversation.!
This was at Shrewsbury, at Eatontown, near the present
Long Branch, and about 25 miles East of Bethel near Cran
berry. The village took its name from Mr. Thomas Eaton,
who was settled here as early as 1685. It was at the house
of John Eaton, the son of Thomas most probably, that Brai
nerd was a welcome guest. And here, quite likely, during
the winter that Spencer spent with Brainerd at Bethel, he
too enjoyed the hospitality of Mr. Eaton, and first saw and
loved his daughter, Joanna, then a blooming girl of 19 years.
She became his wife, Oct. 15, 1750. §
Scarcely any memorials remain of his pastoral work in
this town. That he was a fluent and attractive preacher is
» Records of Presb. Chh., p. 287. Brainerd's John Brainerd, pp. 187, 218, 9.
t Hall's Trenton, pp. 211, 2. } John Brainerd, p. 135. § Sprague's Annals, III. 166.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 397
well attested. That he lived in peace with his congregation
is most probable. That he secured the respect of the Gov
ernor and the people generally cannot be questioned. But
of the fruits of his ministry, in the absence of the Church-
Records, nothing can now be learned. His ministry termi
nated in 1756, about seven years from the time of its com
mencement. It does not appear why he left. It could not
have been, because of a call to Jamaica, L. I. ; for his work
there seems not to have commenced until May 22, 1758, at
which time, as appears from the Records of the Synod of
New York, he was expecting an appointment as Chaplain of
the New York forces.*
After leaving this town, he supplied the Presbyterian
church of Jamaica, L. I., and Shrewsbury, N. J. ; after
which he became pastor, first,4of St. George's, Delaware, and
then of Trenton and Maidenhead, N. J., where he continued
until his death, Dec. 27, 1784. In 1782, he was honored, by
the University of Pennsylvania, with the honorary degree of
Doctor of Divinity. He was buried at Trenton, and a mon
umental stone was placed over his remains, with the follow
ing inscription, commemorating "as well the virtues of his
spouse :
Beneath this stone lies the body of the Rev. Elihu Spbnobe, D. D.,
Pastor of the Presbyterian Church in Trenton, and one of the Trustees
of the College of New Jersey, who departed this life on the twenty-
seventh of December, 1784, in the sixty-fourth year of his age.
Possessed of fine genius, of great vivacity, of eminent and active
piety, his merits as a minister and as a man stand above the reach of
flattery. Having long edified the Church by his talents and example, and finished
his course with joy, he fell asleep full of faith, and waiting for the hope
of all saints. Mrs. Joaotta Spencek,
Relict of the above, died November 1st, 1791, aged sixty-three years.
From her many virtues she lived beloved, and died lamented. The
cheerful patience with which she bore a painful and tedious disease threw
a lustre on the last scenes of her life, and evinces that with true piety
death loses its terrors.t
* Eecords, P. Chh., p. 283. McDonald's Jamaica, p. 176.
t Hall's Trenton, pp. 215-228, 273, 287-8. Sprague's Annals, III. 16T-8.

398 THE HISTORY OF
Their *adult children were one son and seven daughters;
one or two sons having died in infancy.
1. John, graduated, 1784, at the College of New Jersey,
practised law, married, and died, leaving several children.
2. A daughter, who died unmarried.
3. Sarah, born, 1756, married Stephen Lowrey, a Mary
land merchant, and died, May 1780, at Trenton, N. J., leav
ing at least one daughter.
4. Margaret, married, as early as 1778, Jonathan Dickin
son Sergeant (grandson of President Dickinson), an eminent
jurist, and member of Congress, who was born at Newark,
N. J., in 1746, graduated at the College of New Jersey, in
1762, studied law with Richard Stockton, Princeton, N. J.,
and died at Philadelphia, in 1793. Of their children were,
(1.) the Hon. John Sergeant, born in 1779, graduated, C. N.
J., 1795, an eminent lawyer, and a distinguished statesman,
who died at Philadelphia, Nov. 23, 1852 ; (2.) Hon. Thomas
Sergeant, who graduated, C. N. J., 1798, became Chief Jus
tice of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, and died in
1860 ; (3.) Sarah, married, 1801, to Rev. Samuel Miller,
D. D., of New York, and had ten children, of whom the
eldest became the wife of the Rev. John Breckinridge, D.D.,
two of the sons became ministers of the gospel, one a surgeon
in the Navy, and one a lawyer.
5. Elizabeth married George Merchant, who graduated,
C. N. J., 1779, became a distinguished classical teacher, and
left several children.
6. Yaleria married Richard Fullerton, a broker of Phila
delphia, and left no children.
7. Lydia married Wm. M. Biddle, broker, of Philadelphia,
and had several children. She outlived all her father's
family. 8. A daughter, who died unmarried.*
KEY ABRAHAM KETELTAS.
Shortly after the departure of Mr. Spencer, the pulpit of
the First Presbyterian church was supplied by Mr. Abraham
* Sprngue's Aunals, III. 169.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 399
Keteltas. He was the son of Abraham Keteltas,- a well-
known merchant of New York City, who emigrated thither
from Holland at the close of the seventeenth century. The
son was born at New York, December 26, 1732. In his
youth he resided, a considerable time, among the Huguenots
at New Rochelle, N. Y., and thus acquired a great familiarity
with the French language. He was educated at Yale College,
where he graduated in the class of 1752, with the Rev. Drs.
Josiah Whitney and Elizur Goodrich. He received license
to preach, Aug. 23, 1756, from the Fairfield East Association
of Congregational Ministers, and, at the close of the winter,
or early in the spring following, began to preach in the First
Presbyterian church of this town. The Account Book of the
Trustees shows that he was paid, on Monday, May 23, 1757,
the sum of £19. 10. 0. for preaching ; as he was to receive
£1. 10. 0. per Sabbath, this would indicate that he had al
ready preached 13 Sabbaths, and that he must have come
here as early as Feb. 22, 1757. Another entry in the same
book tells where he lived :
July 5, 1757, then paid to the widow Ross for Mr Kettletas Board
£4. 10. 0.*
This was, doubtless, the widow of Judge John Ross, of
whose death, Aug. 7, 1754, notice has already been taken.
Mr. Keteltas, having preached as a candidate for six
months, to the acceptance of the people, received a call to
the Pastorate, on a salary of £130 " Lite Money," per year,
and was ordained Pastor of the congregation, on Wednesday,
Sept. 14, 1757, by the Presbytery of New York— just a fort
night, after the decease of Gov. Belcher. He was, at the time,
in the 25th year of his age.f
Previous to his licensure, he had been married, Oct. 22,
1755, to Sarah, the third daughter of the Hon. William Smith,
member of the Council, and Judge of the Court of King's
Bench. She was born in 1732, four years after her brother
William, the historian. Mr. Keteltas and his wife both occu-
* Thompson's L. Isld., IL 111. Eee. Con- + Trustees' Book of Pres. Chh.
trlbutions to the Ecc. His. of Ct., p. SCO.

400 THE HISTORY OF
pied a high social position, consorting with the most dis
tinguished families of the two provinces.*
The accounts of the Treasurer of the congregation, Samuel
Woodruff, show, that the salary of Mr. Keteltas was paid by
regular weekly contributions on the Sabbath, averaging, for
the years 1758 and 9, about £2. 16. 0. each Sabbath. They,
also, show, that, in the spring of 1759, the belfry of the
church was provided with a public clock, probably for the
first time, — the handiwork, doubtless, of Aaron Miller, who,#
as has been seen, had established himself in the town, as a
clock-maker. At whose expense it was provided, is left to
conjecture ; as no charge for it is found in the Treasurer's
accounts. It had but one face, for the making and painting
of which, were paid to Mr. Ball, carpenter, and Joseph
Woodruff, painter, £10. 6. 9. Mr. Abraham Woodruff was
paid, £1. 8. 9. for " a clock rope."
The same old Account Book tells other tales. Repeatedly
the charge is made — " To 1 quart of rum 1/4 ; " supplied to
the men repairing the old church : " June 24, 1758 ; 2 quarts
of rum @ 2/8 for ye people to pry up the sleepers : " from
which it would appear, that the floor of the old edifice had be
gun very seriously to feel the effects of age. " June 18, 1759,
paid David meeker Riding to Collect mr Spencer Arrerejes,
£0. 5. 0." Mr. Spencer's account was not settled until May
21,1760. Abraham Woodruff was paid 6s " for Rideing one
Day to Collect yn the Scribtion."
At a later date, Sept. 10, 1760, occurs the following :
To Cash for highering a man Calling the Deakens and Elders a Bout
mr Ketteltass, £0. 2. 0.
Also, Sept. 17, the following :
Paid Thomas Woodruff for himself & Expences to Prince Town &
shewing a hors for to cary Letter to y" pressbetiry, £1. 0. 8.
The ministry of Mr. Ke.teltas continued nearly three and a.
half years, terminating with the month of July, 1760. The
meeting of the Elders and Deacons noticed above had respect
* N. York Marriages, p. 212.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 401
to the dissolution of the pastoral relation ; as, also, the re
quest to the Presbytery, for their concurrence.
Something had appeared in the conduct of Mr. Keteltas,
that led the Presbytery, in dissolving the pastoral relation, to
pass a vote of admonition very much like a censure ; of
which Mr. K. cpmplained to the Synod, at their next meet-
ingj in Philadelphia, May 23, 1761. The action taken was
so mild and so carefully expressed, that nothing can be
learned of the nature of the offence. It could not have been
regarded as very flagrant, or the Presbytery and Synod
would not have passed it over so lightly. Pie soon after
withdrew from the Presbytery.*
Leaving this town, after a short stay in New York, he took
up his abode, at the close of the year 1760, at Jamaica, L. I.,
where, for the most part, he continued to live, during the
remainder of his life, preaching as occasion offered, but with
out a pastoral charge. His familiarity with both the Dutch
and French languages, as well as the English, made him a
welcome preacher among the Dutch and French in and
about New York. Certificates, dated, April 14, 1769, and
Oct. 6, 1775, are on record, in which he signs his name as
" minister of the French Protestant church of New York."
A Charity sermon, which he preached in the same church,
Dec. 27, 1773, was published, by James Rivington, in 1774,
the preface being dated at Jamaica, Feb. 25, 1774. f
In the political contests of the day he took a deep interest,
espousing heartily, and advocating warmly, his country's
Cause, against the British Government. In March, 1768, he
was an unsuccessful candidate for the Assembly of N. York.
He was appointed, by his townsmen, Dec. 6, 1774, Chairman
of the Committee of Correspondence and Observation. He
was, also, elected a member of the Constitutional Convention
in 1777 ; and, by his political essays and, patriotic efforts,
made himself so obnoxious to the enemy, and the Tories of
Long Island, that, after the battle of Flatbush, Aug. 27, 1776,
he was obliged to seek refuge in New England, until the close
of the contest, leaving his property to be occupied, and
* Eecords, Presb. Chh., pp. 811, 2, 6. 333. + Cal. of N. Y. His. Mss., EDg., pp. 776, 884.
26

402 THE HISTORY OF
greatly injured, by the British. He supplied the pulpit of
the First Presbyterian church of Newburyport, Mass. for a
season ; also of the Congregational church of New Fairfield,
Ct., in 1782, and, probably, was frequently called upon to
preach among the Ct. churches, during the period of his
exile.* His last days were passed in peace, in the midst of^his
family and friends at Jamaica. In the grave-yard of the
First Presbyterian church there, a memorial tablet makes
the following record : — ¦
Sacred to the memory of the Rev. Abraham Kettletas. Obt. 30th Sept.
1738, A. E. 65 years, 9 mos. and 4 days. He possessed unusual talents,
that were improved by profound erudition, and a heart firmly attached
to the interests of his country: His mind was early impressed with a
sense of religion, which fully manifested itself in the choice of the sacred
office, in which he shone as the able and faithful divine. It may not
perhaps be unworthy of record in this inscription, that he frequently offi
ciated in three different languages, having preached in the Dutch and
French Churches in his native city of New York.
Rest from thy labors now thy work is o'er :
Since Death is vanquished, now free grace adore ;
A crown of glory sure awaits the just,
Who served their God, and in their Saviour trust.
His children were Jane (1st), Mary, Jane (2d), Sarah,
Abraham, William, John, Elizabeth Scott, Ann, Philip Dod
dridge, and Clarissa. Sarah married John Fish, of Newtown,
L. I., who was, subsequently, a merchant of New York,
whence he removed to Tarrytown, N. Y., where he died in
1807. Ann married, in 1799, Thomas Hackett, who had
come, in 1794, from Holland. She was the mother of James
Henry Hackett, the actor, who was born, March 15, 1800.
William died suddenly, Nov. 19, 1812. Clarissa was never
married. She died, greatly lamented, July 21, 1810. Jane,
the first born, died in infancy. On the occasion of her death,
the father composed fifteen stanzas of elegiac poetry, which
are still extant. f
* Prime's L. laid., pp. 31S, 9. Onderdonk's Queens Co., pp. S3, 40. McDonald's Jamaica,
pp. 191, 2, 3. Contrlb. to the Eco. His. of Ot, pp. 431, D21.
t Aldon's Epitaphs, IV. 180-6. Thompson's Long Island, II. 111-3. Eiker'6 Newtown,
p. 308. ;

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 403

CHAPTER XIX.
A. D. 11G4-1116.
Retrenchments at Funerals — Death of Alderman Thos. Clark — Non-Importation
Leagues — Patriotism of the Town — Stamp Act — Gen. Congress — Robert
Ogden, Speaker of N. J. Congress, resigns his seat — Stephen Crane succeeds
him — Opposition to Stamp Act — Its Repeal— Non-Importation Leagues
revived — County Meeting at E. T. — Patriotic Action — British Regulars
quartered here — " Boston Tea Party " — Boston Port Bill — Great Indigna
tion everywhere — Principal Patriots of the Town — Lines drawn — County
Meeting at Newark — Town Meeting — Congress sustained — Committee of
Safety — Non-Intercourse with Staten Island — Exciting Affair — Case of the
Beulah — Sheriff Barnet implicated — Battle of Lexington — Uprising of the
People — Aaron Burr and Matt. Ogden — General Congress — Gen. Washing
ton, Com. in Chief — Battle of Bunker-Hill — Powder sent from E. T. to the
Am. Army — Mrs. Washington at E. T. — Earl of Stirling in command here —
Capture of the ship Blue Mountain Valley — Names of the Captors — Military
Officers — Military Preparations — Fortifications at the Point — Washington
and the Am, Army at N. Y. — Appearance of the Town in 1176.
The opening of the second century of the town's history
found the people in a state of great agitation and apprehen
sion. The following incidents will serve to introduce the
whole subject. They are taken from the current news of the
day:— ' December 24, 1764 : We hear from Elizabeth-Town, that upon the 29th
of last Month, nearfifty Heads of the principal families, in and about that
Place, entered into an Engagement to retrench the present usual and un
necessary Expenses of Funerals and Mourning, as the giving of Scarfs,
Gloves, and Liquor at Funerals, and wearing black Apparel as Mourning,
nothing but a black Crape round the Arm being allowed for the Future.
Elizabeth-Town, September 14, 1765. On Wednesday evening test,
[11th], died here after a severe illness, Thomas Cs^aek, Esq., one of the
judges of the county court; who has been unanimously elected a
magistrate in this Corporation, ever since we had a Charter ; and Friday

404 THE HISTORY OF
was decently buried, in the plain manner, by his own directions, accord
ing to the new mode — none of his relations or friends appearing in monrn-
ing, though he was universally lamented by all who knew him, as he le'ft
the character of an honest man. We flatter ourselves that this laudable
example, so very seasonably set by people of fortune, will be imitated by
all ; especially by those in slender circumstances, (no liquor was given at
the funeral).*
Mr. Clark was one of the first Aldermen of the Borough,
father of the Signer, Abraham Clark, and a man of great
personal worth. He was, also, an eminent patriot, and had
entered heartily into the agreement of the previous Novem
ber. It was customary, in those days, at the funeral of
respectable persons, to distribute gloves, scarfs and badges
of crape, by the dozens, with liquors in great abundance for
all comers. Mourning-rings were, also, given, in the case of
wealthy persons. The expense was often so considerable, as
to impose great burdens on the surviving members of the
family. It was not everybody that could afford to die and
be buried according to the prevailing custom. f
The principle of taxation without representation, so per
sistently maintained at this period by the British ministry,
and so resolutely opposed by the colonies, nowhere met
with more determined opposition than in the English towns
of East Jersey. Descended from an ancestry of Puritan
origin and principles, they had cherished those principles,
from generation to generation, with jealous care, and kept
themselves in full sympathy with their New England breth
ren. The love of civil and religious liberty, and the hatred of
despotism, they had inherited as almost their only birthright.
Their fathers had fled from bitter persecution at home, and
the story of their wrongs had sunk deep into the hearts of
the children of the exiles. These wrongs were associated
with the British monarchy ; and the only knowledge which
* N. V. Mercury, No. 687. Barber's His. Coll. of N. J., p. 4S. Holt's N. T. Journal.
No. 1185.
1 Whitehead's Amboy, pp. 89, 146. Watson's Annals of N. T., pp. 308, 9. Ind. He-
fleeter, No. 29. The Old Merchants of N. T. City, III. 263-4. At the funeral of Philip
Livingston, Esq., of Now York, £500 wero expended for tho occasion of his burial. His
son, Gov. Wm. Livingston, (afterwards, and for many years, a residentof this town), made
an appeal to tho public, ns early as June, 1753, in favor of putting an end to this kind of
extravagance.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 405
the second and third generations of these colonists had, of
that monarchy, was of injury and wrong. They were far
removed from the pomp and circumstance of courts, sur
rounded everywhere by staunch republicans, and accustomed
always to institutions, in church and state, thoroughly demo
cratic. The ties that bound them to the throne were of the
slenderest kind, and were constantly losing strength. These
constituted the great majority of the people of these towns.
But, in addition to all this, a fundamental principle of the
Constitution, under which they and their fathers had been
born and nurtured, was perfectly identical with that which
the British government were now seeking to overthrow. It
was provided, by the " Concessions " of Berkeley and Car
teret, in respect to the (xovernor and Council, that —
They are not to impose, nor suffer to. be imposed, any tax, custom,
subsidy, tallage, assessment, or, any other duty whatsoever, upon any
colour or- pretence, upon the said province and inhabitants thereof, other
than what shall be imposed by the Authority and consent of the General
Assembly, and then only in manner as aforesaid.*
In all periods of their history, under the Proprietary Gov
ernment, and under the Crown, the people of New Jersey,
both East and West, had resolutely and consistently guarded
this natural and covenanted right, and refused all induce
ments to part with this corner-stone of their free institutions.
Still further : the people of this town, as has been shown
in this history, had, as early as 1670, or almost from the very
first settlement of the place, been brought into conflict with
the Proprietary government, in respect to the validity of
the titles to their homesteads aud plantations. In this con
flict, continued now for more than fourscore years, they had
been thrown very much upon their own resources ; had been
compelled to make common cause, one with another, as Asso
ciates, and in their municipal capacity, in defence of their
vested and inalienable rights ; had been educated and thor
oughly disciplined, to resist everything like oppression, and
to maintain their right to all the blessings of civil and re
ligious liberty. That portion, therefore, of the people of the
* Smith's N. J., p. 517. Learning and Spicer, p. 20.

406 THE HISTORY OF
town, -who held their lands by the Indian purchase, and were
leagued together to defend themselves against the plaintiffs
in the now celebrated " Bill in Chancery," could be safely
relied upon to embark, heart and soul, in the wider conflict
that was now opening, for the defence of American liberties.
For the same reason, it might be anticipated, that not a few
of those, to whom, in these land-conflicts, they had been op
posed, would be disposed to take sides with the monarchical
party, and cast in their lot with the defenders of the royal
prerogative. It was scarcely possible, after the experience
of the previous twenty years, for the two parties in the town
to act together on the broader field of American politics.
Unanimity in regard to the question of resistance to the
arbitrary measures of Parliament was not to be expected, and
was not attained. It was not every one, moreover, however.
patriotic, that had the moral courage requisite, or the strength
of nerve demanded, for times so fitted to try men's souls.
The Stamp Act was passed, March 22, 1765. Tidings of
its passage reached America in May following. The General
Court of Massachusetts was in session, and, early in June, it
was resolved by the Representatives of that Colony, to
recommend to each of the other Representative Bodies " of
the several British Colonies on this continent " to appoint
Delegates to a General Congress to meet at New York " on
the first Tuesday in October next," then and there " to eon-
suit together on the present circumstances of the Colonies." *
The Massachusetts Circular was laid before the New Jersey
Legislature, June 20, 1765, " the last day of the session," at
Burlington, " some members gone, others uneasy to be at
their homes," and on a hurried conference between the mem
bers, it was, on the whole, deemed best to take no action in
the premises. The responsibility of this proceeding was,
(whether justly or not, it is not easy to determine), thrown
upon the Speaker, Robert Ogden, of this town. He had
been elected to the Legislature in 1751, and rechosen at each
succeeding election. In 1763, he was chosen Speaker of the
House. He was the son of Robert Ogden, who was the
* ritkln's H. States, I. 442.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 407
grandson of " old John Ogden," the planter. He had for a
long time been connected with the Presbyterian church, and,
for several years, had been one of its Elders. His patriotism
was unquestionable, as evinced in the course of the struggle
with the mother country, and in the training of his sons,
Matthias and Aaron, of revolutionary fame. He was the
son-in-law of that incorruptible patriot, Matthias Hatfield,
for whom his son Gen. Matthias Ogden was named.*
Shortly subsequent to the adjournment, Speaker Ogden
called a meeting ,of the Representatives at Amboy, when he
himself, Hendrick Fisher, of Somerset Co., and Joseph Bor
den, of Burlington Co., were appointed Delegates to the New
York Congress. This first Continental Congress, emanating
from the people, met as contemplated, and continued in ses
sion until Oct. 25th. u A Declaration of Rights and Griev
ances," in 14 particulars, was drawn up, with an Address
to the King, and .a Petition to each House of Parliament, —
admirable papers, skillfully drawn, full of patriotic principle,
yet courteous and respectful, well-designed to procure the
repeal of the obnoxious legislation of Parliament. The pro
ceedings were approved and signed by all. the members,
except Timothy Ruggles, the presiding officer, and Mr. Ogden
of New Jersey. These two gentlemen maintained, that the
proceedings were to be submitted to the several provincial
Assemblies, and, if sanctioned, forwarded by them, as their
own acts. They were, doubtless, quite sincere and conscien
tious in maintaining this position ; Mr. Ogden certainly was.
Mr. Ruggles " was severely censured by the Massachusetts
representatives," and subsequently became an avowed enemy
to the patriot cause. " Mr. Ogden was burned in effigy by
the people of New Jersey." It was a blunder, to say the
* Gordon's N. J., p. 139. Mulford's N. J., p. 36T. Eobert Ogden, the father of Speaker
Ogden, died Nov. 20, 1733, aged 46 years. The following Epitaph is inscribed on his grave
stone : " One dear to God to Man most dear
A Pillar in both Church & State
Was he whose precious Dost lies here
Whose Soul doth with bright Seraphs mate
His Name immortal shall remain
Till this cold Clay revive again,"

408 THE HISTORY OP
least, on the part of Mr. Ogden, who was so annoyed by it,
as to request the Governor to convene the Assembly, when,
Nov. 27, 1765, he resigned his position, and his membership.
In the election that ensued to fill the vacancy, Stephen
Crane, Esq., one of the most influential citizens of the town,
and Mayor of the Borough in 1772, was chosen his successor.
He, also, became Speaker of the House in 1771. Mr. Ogden,
however, continued still to be honored with the confidence
•and esteem of his townsmen. In 1776, he was the Chairman
of the E. Town Committee of Safety.*
The " Sons of Liberty " were here both numerous and
thoroughly organized. Care was taken, that the Stamp Act
should not be enforced in any part of the town. The Act
was to take effect, Nov. 1, 1765 ; but not a Stamp was to be
found, nor was it safe either to vend or use one. A New
York paper, of Feb. 27, 1766, says —
A large Gallows was erected in Elizabeth Town, last Week, with a
Rope ready fixed thereto, and the Inhabitants there vow and declare that
the first Person that either distributes or takes out a Stamped Paper shall
be hung thereon without Judge or Jury.
A very summary process, but, probably, never called into
requisition. At the same date, the Editor says, —
We have certain Intelligence from Elizabeth Town in New Jersey that
the Magistrates and Lawyers carry on their Business in the Law as usual
without Stamps.t
With the repeal of the Stamp Act, March 18, 1766, much
of the excitement and alarm of the people came to an end.
A series of measures were subsequently adopted, however,
well fitted to excite the fears, and provoke the resentment of
the Colonists.
The non-importation agreements were renewed, and all
trade with the mother-country was brought to a stand. The
people of this town and vicinity entered, with all their heart,
into the measures of the day. At a meeting of the Free
holders, Merchants and Traders of the County of Essex, held
* Gordon's N. J., pp.140, 888. Pitkin's D. States, 1. 1S1-6. Hildreth's U. States, II. 531.
-Force's Am. Archives, IV. 818. t Holt's N. T. Journal, No. 1208.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 40!)
at Elizabeth Town, on Tuesday, June 5, 1770, it was, among
other things, unanimously resolved,
That we will not ourselves or by others, receive, purchase, sell, or
otherwise use, any of the Manufactures or Merchandize imported from
Great Britain, contrary to said Agreements ; and that we will not trade
or have any Intercourse with such Persons, who shall import Goods, or
Cause them to be imported, or with any Person who shall purchase Goods
or other Merchandize so imported, — but that we will use every lawful
Means in our Power, to hinder the Sale of such Goods, in any Way what
soever.* When it became known, that some of the New York mer
chants were disposed to recede from their engagements, the
Freeholders and Inhabitants of -Essex Co. met in Elizabeth
Town, July 16, 1770, when it was resolved,
That we will strictly adhere to our Resolutions of the 5 th of June last ;
as far as they relate to purchasing Goods imported from Great Britain.
At the same meeting, a Committee of Correspondence was
appointed to look after matters of common interest to the
country, f
During the previous three years the Twenty-Sixth regiment
of British Regulars had been quartered in the barracks at
New Brunswick, Perth Amboy, and Elizabeth Town. (Their
Colonel; the Hon. Sir John Sinclair, Bart., had married,
while here, a Miss Morehead, and died Nov. 26, 1767. His
widow, the Lady Sinclair, was married, in this town, Mar.
14, 1769, to his successor, Col. Templar.) They were trans
ferred to New York, and their place supplied, the last week
in May, 1770, by the 29th Regiment from Boston, the same
that was stationed there at the time of the "Boston Massacre,"
March 5, 1770. The presence of a portion of this regiment
in the town was not adapted to pacificate the excited people.
When the 26th were about to leave town, an Address was
presented "by the Corporation of the Borough, to Col. Templar
and Major«Charles Preston, acknowledging the good behavior
of the officers and soldiers while quartered in the town, and
complimenting them on the harmony that subsisted between
* Holt's N. T. Journal, No. 1481. Pitkin's H. States* I. 212.
t Holt's N. T. Journal, No. 1488,

410 THE HISTORY OF
them and the Inhabitants. The 29th were succeeded by the
47th regiment under Col. England.*
The well known " Boston Tea-Party " took place, Dec. 16,
1773. The measure was sustained by the whole population,
with few exceptions. The Boston Port Bill, closing the port,
and transferring the seat of government to Salem, was en
acted by Parliament, March 25, 1774, as a retaliatory meas
ure. When tidings of the passage of this vindictive Act
reached this country, May 10, 1774, a furious flame of
hitherto-suppressed wrath burst forth, all over the land.
Town-meetings were called ; whole counties assembled ; the
provinces met in Congress ; and, with one heart and voice,
the American people determined to stand by the Bostonians
in their conflict with British despotism.
Nowhere was this spirit more fully developed than here
in this town. A noble body of patriots, headed by such men
as William Livingston, William Peartree Smith, and Elias
Boudinot, men of controling influence, were then citizens of
the borough, and in power. Stephen Crane, Esq., was the
Mayor ; Ephraim Terrill, Deputy Mayor ; John Blanchard,
Elias Dayton, John Ross, Abraham Clark, Ephraim Marsh,
and William Livingston, were of the Corporation. The great
body of the people were outspoken patriots ; a few were in
sympathy with the British officials ; and some endeavored to
pursue a conservative course. Parties were formed here
somewhat as in New York, with which this town had the
most intimate connection ; although the trading interest here
was subservient and not preponderant.
Measures were taken by the patriots of this town and
county, shortly after receiving tidings of the Boston troubles,
to give expression to the indignant feelings of the people,
and to extend sympathy to the Bostonians. At a formal
meeting, held at the Court-House, in Newark, on Saturday,
the 11th of June, an admirable paper, prepared, probably,
by Wm. Livingston, was unanimously and heartily adopted,
urging the country to stand united and firm in their opposi-
* Holt's N. T. Journal, No. 1481. N. T. Mercury, Nos. 840, 908. DoHart's Passages la the
His. of E. T., No. II.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 411
tion to-Parliament, and inviting a Provincial Convention to
assemble speedily to appoint Delegates to a general Congress.
The following gentlemen were appointed a Committee to
carry into effect the resolutions of the meeting, — viz : Ste
phen Crane, Henry Garritse, Joseph Riggs, William Liv
ingston, William P. Smith, John De Hart, John Chetwood,
Isaac Ogden, and Elias Boudinot, Esquires.*
Of this Committee, Mr. Garritse was of Aquackanock,
Messrs. Riggs and Ogden were of Newark, and the re
mainder, two thirds, of this town. The movement un
doubtedly originated here, controling the County, and giving
impulse to the whole Province. This place became, thence
forward, the headquarters of the patriot movement in
New Jersey.-f
The several County Committees, elected in accordance
with these suggestions, and with a circular letter issued by
the Essex Committee, met at New Brunswick, July 21, 1774,
and appointed Stephen Crane, of this town, to preside over
their deliberations. They made choice of James Kinsey,
William Livingston, John -De Hart, Stephen Crane and
Richard Smith, (three of the five being of this borough),
delegated to a General Congress. A Standing Committee
of Correspondence, ten in number, (of whom two, Wm.
Peartree Smith, Chairman, and John Chetwood, were of this
town), was appointed to look after the interests of the coun
try. The several County Committees, also, " agreed to pro
mote collections in their respective counties for the relief of
such of the unhappy inhabitants of the town of Boston as
may be now reduced to extremity and want." On the 28th
of July, Wm. Peartree Smith, as Chairman of the Committee
of Correspondence, addressed a letter of sympathy to the
* N. T. Mercury, No. 1183. Force's Am. Archives, 4th Ser., I. 299-300 ; 403-4.
t In the midst of these agitations, one of the most venerable and distinguished citizens of
the town, Dr. Ichabod Burnet, departed this life. He was born at Southampton, L. I., about
1684, and removed with his father, Dan (son of Thomas), about 1700, to this town. His wife,
Hannah, was bora in 3702, and died, Feb. 19, 1758. They had two sons, Wm. and Ichabod,
both of whom became physicians. The latter died, Mar. 12, 1756, in his 24th year. Dr. Wil
liam removed to Newark, and distinguishedhimself as a patriot in the revolutionary war. He
was the father of Judge Jacob Burnet, of Cincinnati. Dr. Ichabod died at E. Town, July 13,
1774, aged 90 years.

412 THE HISTORY OF
Boston Committee of Correspondence — asking them, 'also, to
advise in what way their necessities could best be answered.*
The results of the deliberations of the General Congress,
that met at Philadelphia in September and October, being
published, new energy w.as imparted to the people in their
determination to resist the oppressive measures of the British
ministry. The Essex County Committee of Correspondence
issued a call for town meetings to organize the respective
towns for the more vigorous prosecution of the measures
recommended by Congress. In compliance with this call,
the Freeholders of this town met at the Court House, on
Tuesday, Dec. 6, 1774, Stephen Crane, Esq., in the chair,
when a large Committee was chosen for the above-mentioned
purpose, viz.
Jonathan Hampton, Matthias Williamson, Elias Dayton, Isaac Wood
ruff, William Barnett, Wm Herriman, Oliver Spencer, George Ross, Ed
ward Thomas, Cornelius Hetfield, John Blanchard, Ephraim Tyrrel, Abra
ham Clarke, Robert Ogden, Junior, Jeremiah Smith, Richard Townley,
Junior, Samuel Shotwell, David Miller, Thomas Woodrnff, John Clawson,
Jonathan Dayton, Ephraim Marsh, Recompense Stanbury, Jedediah Swan,
William Parsons, Samuel Potter, William Bott, Jonathan Williams, Chris
topher Marsh, Isaac Wynants, Daniel Halsey. ,
Stephen Crane, John De Hart, William Livingston, Wil
liam P. Smith, Elias Boudinot, and John Chetwood, Esqrs.,
were unanimously reelected for the Borough of Elizabeth, on
the Essex County Committee of Correspondence. It was,
then, Voted, That two certain Pamphlets lately published, the one enti
tled " A Friendly Address," &c, and the other under the signature of
" A Farmei-," as containing many notorious falsehoods, evidently calcu
lated to sow the seeds of disunion among the good people of America,
grossly misrepresenting the principles of the present opposition to Par
liamentary Taxations; vilifying the late Congress ; and intended to facili
tate the scheme of the British Ministry for enslaving the Colonies, be
publickly burnt, in detestation and abhorrence of such infamous publica
tions. And the same wore accordingly committed to the flames before the
* Am. Archives, 4th 8., I. 024. Gordon's N. J., p. 156. Mulford's N. J., pp. 8S3, 9. Sedg
wick's Livingston, pp. 168-172.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 413
Court House, with the universal approbation of a numerous concourse of
people.* The Committee of Observation, thus appointed, were not
idle. As the town had denounced the two pamphlets just
mentioned, they called the attention of the people, Decern- -
ber 19, 1774, to the dangerous character of "Rivington's
Royal Gazetteer," published at New York, declared their
determination individually to patronize it no longer, and called
upon all the people to follow their example, and banish it
from their habitations. The article was signed by " Jonathan
Hampton, Chairman." f
This was followed, Feb. 13, 1775, by the following inter
dict : —
Whereas the inhabitants of Staten Island have manifested an unfriendly
disposition towards the liberties of America, and among other things have
neglected to join in the General Association proposed by the Continental
Congress, and entered into by most of the Townships in America, and in
no instance have acceded thereto. The Committee of Observation for
this Town, taking'the same into consideration, are of opinion that the in
habitants of their District ought, and by the aforesaid Association are
bound, to break off all trade, commerce, dealings, and intercourse whatso
ever with the inhabitants of said Island, until they shall join in the General
Association aforesaid ; and do Resolve that all trade, commerce, dealing's,
and intercourse whatsoever be suspended accordingly, which suspension js
hereby notified and recommended to the inhabitants of this District to be
by them universally observed and adopted. George Ross, Clerk.i;
A day or two afterwards, an oyster-boat, belonging to
James Johnson, of Staten Island, came up the Creek to the
* Am. Archives, 4th S., 1. 1009-10, 1012-8. The former of these pamphlets was entitled,
" A Friendly Address to all Reasonable Americans, on the subjectof our political confusions.
In which the necessary consequences of violently opposing the King's troops and of a gen
eral no*n-importation, are fairly stated." Dr. Hawkins attributes it to the Eev. Dr. T. B.
Chandler, of Elizabeth Town, N. J., but erroneously. It was the production of the Eev.
Myles Cooper, D. D., President of King's College, N. T. Such was the popular indignation
against him, that his house was sacked, May 10, 1775, and he, barely escaping the hands of
the mob, took refuge on board a ship of war, and fled to England. His Majesty gave him a
pension of £200. per year. 'The latter pamphlet was entitled, " Free thoughts on the pro
ceedings of the Continental Congress held at Phila. 5 Sept. 1774, by A Farmer." It was
written by Isaac Wilkins, subsequently the Eev. Dr. Wilkins, of Westchester Co., N. T. He
wrote, also, " The Congress Canvassed ; or an Examination into the Conduct of the Dele
gates." It may have been this last, to which the vote of censure refers. He too fled to
England, in May 1775, but returned the next year. N. V. Col. Docmts., VIII. 297, 569, 581.
Sabine's Loyalists, 1st Ed. pp. 692-705.
t Am. Archives, 4th Ser., I. 1051, 2. X Am. Archives, 4th S., 1. 1234, 5.

414 THE HISTORY OF
stone bridge, and the owner endeavored to make sale of his
freight. But a pair of horses were speedily attached to the
boat by the indignant people, and the poor craft was hauled
up the street to the Court House. Johnson was advised by
¦ James Arnet to seek redress from Jonathan Hampton, Chair
man of the Committee of Observation, who was, also, a
magistrate. Hampton was found, in conference with Joseph
Tooker, at Samuel Smith's tavern, next to the Court House.
Hampton gave him a protection, allowed him to sell his
oysters, and in the evening, with his skiff, to return to the
Island. This incident, trivial enough, was reported to Rivington in
New York, and an account of it appeared in his Royal
Gazetteer of March 2d, in which the affair was magnified
into a disgraceful and turbulent riot. Mr. Hampton was ac
cused of being " completely drunk," and Messrs. Blanchard
and Dayton, two of the Aldermen, were represented as hav
ing " exerted themselves greatly to suppress those violences,
but they were only able to check them." Rivington's in
formant says of the mob, (Feb. 18), that " about four o'clock,
they proceeded to abuse all the people in the town who were
known to be well affected to the Constitution [the Tories] ;
they erected a gallows, and fixed up a liberty pole in the
middle of the town." Both, however, were soon taken down.
A fortnight afterwards, (23d), affidavits were published in the
Gazetteer, completely exonerating Mr. Hampton and the
town from the calumnies of Rivington's informant.*
The vigilance of the Committee was called into requisition
a few days afterwards, in another direction. The ship Beulah
arrived, Feb. 1775, at Sandy Hook, with an assorted cargo
from London, consigned to Robert and John Murray, the old
Quaker merchants of New York, and men of great wealth.
The vessel was named for one of Robert Murray's daughters.
The Murrays were required by the N. York Committee of
Correspondence, to send the vessel back without breaking
bulk ; with which they professed their willingness to comply.
John Murray, however, came over to Elizabeth Town, and
* Rivington's Eoyal Gazetteer, Nos. 99, 101. Moore's Diary of tho Am. Rev. 1. 23, 4,

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 415
conferred with Ichabod B. Barnet, Sheriff of the County,
and the husband of his sister. By his aid, a sloop belonging
to Isaac Woodruff, but leased to Capt. Samuel Lee, was hired,
and sailed for E. Town, ("Barnet going as a hand with
Lee "), on Sunday morning, March 5, 1775. They reached
N. York, the same evening, and unloaded the next morning.
The same day, they sailed to Sandy Hook, and came along
side of the Beulah about dusk on Monday evening. Capt.
Lee retired to his berth and went to sleep. At 12 o'clock he
was called, and sailed, with John Murray and his clerk,
Graham, (Barnet, also, continuing on board), for Elizabeth
Town. They stopped some hours at Staten Island, and
reached Barnet's Store House on Wednesday morning about
one o'clock. Several bales, boxes, and other packages ot
goods, about two tons in weight, taken from the Beulah, were
then landed, one Marsh, passing by at the time, being em
ployed to aid them.
In the meantime, or soon after, it began to be whisp ered
about at New York, that something was wrong. Isaac Sears,
the noted patriot, suspecting what had been done, wrote to
Jonathan Hampton, Chairman of the E. Town Committee,
who called the Committee together on Friday, the 10th, and
soon the whole affair was ferreted out. Samuel Lee made a
deposition, and the Committee exonerated him from all
complicity in the matter. John Murray deposed as to the
facts stated above, and endeavored to exonerate Barnett, as
having acted in pure friendship for himself. He professed
his penitence, and gave the Committee a check of £200, for
the rebuilding of the City Hospital, recently destroyed by
fire. Capt. Lee was fully cleared by the E. T. Committee,
and declared to be " a person well known here to be of good
character, and who by his honesty and industry, has justly
acquired the esteem of all the inhabitants of this town."
Murray sent in a petition to Congress with proper acknowl
edgments, and both he and Barnett sought forgiveness of the
Provincial Congress of N. Jersey, and were reinstated. The
goods were delivered on the 15th, to the E. T. Committee to
be kept until after the war. A year or two later, tents being

416 THE HISTORY OB
greatly needed, and there being no duck in the country, the
New York Committee obtained, from the E. T. Committee
several bales of Osnaburghs from these stores, which were
devoted to this laudable purpose. What became of the
remainder of the goods does not appear. The affair created
at the time no little excitement, and the vigilance of the
Committees had a most happy influence in promoting the
patriot cause.*
The following extract from a communication that appeared
March 25, 1775, shows what was then thought of this whole
procedure : —
Some would have lately attempted to land goods in America contrary
to the Association of the Congress ; tbut such is the vigilance of those
excellent inspectors, the Committees of New York, and Elizabeth Town,
and such the awful guilt of the delinquents, that they could not be hid.
They have confessed their fault and laid a heavy fine upon themselves for
their base conduct. Another person concerned in the same dark affair is
also detected, and will, it is thought, be sufficiently punished.
Blood flowed at Lexington, Mass., on Wednesday, April
19, 1775. It was the blood of patriots, shed by minions of
Great Britain. That blood made America free and independ
ent. It cried from the ground, and its voice was heard in
every habitation of the United Provinces. It roused the
sleepers ; it fired the populace ; it united the people as one
man, to resist unto blood the tyranny of the Lords and Com
mons of Britain. Tidings of the event reached New York
on Sunday, the 23d, and the city rose in its strength to
sustain the common cause. Loyalty was at a woful discount.
The tory faction, till then exultant and defiant, were palsied
with dismay. Sears and Lamb swayed the multitude at their
will, and effectually closed the harbor against the export of
all supplies for the British at Boston.
The same day, or the next, it was known all over New
Jersey. This ancient town was all ablaze. The sterling
patriots, whose voice was all-powerful among the people,
took up the cry that came to them from the bloody ground
of Lexington, and bore it to every dwelling in the wide
* N. Y. Mcroury, No. 1228. Am. Archlvos, 4th S., II. 144-8, 8S7-S91.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 417
borough. The die was cast. Negotiation was at an end.
Nothing remained but the sword. And he that would not
take up arms, in his country's need, was worse than Judas.
The young men of the town were eager for the fray.
Aaron Burr, in his childhood, was an E. Town boy. His
mother's brother, Timothy, the eldest son of the Rev. Jona
than Edwards, had married, Sep. 25, 1760, Rhoda, daughter
of Robert Ogden, Esq., and granddaughter of Matthias Hat
field, Esq., of this town, "and made a home in Elizabeth
Town for the family." Mr. Edwards resided here, highly
respected and influential, from 1760 to 1771. Burr and his
sister, left orphans in 1758, were received into their uncle
Edwards' family, the former in his 5th year. Here the lad
grew up, and was fitted for Princeton College, under the
instruction of Tapping Reeve, teacher of the grammar-school,
who soon after married Burr's sister. Mrs. Edwards was the
sister of Matthias and Aaron Ogden, the latter being of Burr's
age, and the former nearly two years older. They grew up
together as children of the same family, and Matthias became
Burr's bosom companion. In 1772 young Burr graduated,
and in 1774 began to study law with his brother-in-law, at
Litchfield, Ct*
In his retirement among the hills of Connecticut, he heard
the cry of Lexington, and immediately wrote to Ogden to
come on and accompany him to the tented field. Ogden
caught the infection, and rested not, until, he obtained his
father's leave to go. He was then in his twenty-first year,
and Burr a little more than nineteen. They were boys in
years, but men in spirit — types of numerous others — their
townsmen and associates, who panted to join the patriot
army, and fight their country's battles. Nothing could ex
ceed the martial ardor that pervaded all classes of the com-
* Davis' Life of Burr, I. 25-6, 46-7. Parton's Life of Burr, pp. 50-3. Miss Jones' Stock-
bridge, pp. 160, 268.
Three of President Edwards' children married here ; Timothy, his eldest son, as noticed
above ; Eunice was married here, Jan. 1764, to Thomas Pollock, and after his death, about
1780 to Eobert Hunt of this place ; Pierpont married, May, 1769, Frances, the eldest daughter
of Moses and Mary (Cozzens) Ogden, and sister of Nancy, the second and surviving wife of
Col. Francis Barber, all of this town.
27

418 THE HISTORY OF

munity. It was not safe to breathe a word against the patriot
cause.* The Continental Congress were to meet at Philadelphia,
May 10, 1775. As the delegates from Massachusetts, joined
on their way by their brethren from Connecticut, drew near
to New York, on Saturday, May 6th, they were met, three
miles from the city, by a vast concourse of military and
citizens, and escorted to their lodgings with ringing of bells,
and loud huzzas. On Monday, with a part of the Delegation
from New York, they were escorted to Newark, where they
dined ; thence they " were escorted to Elizabeth Town and
on their way were met by the gentlemen and militia of that
place." Such was the enthusiasm of the people.f
The Provincial Congress of New Jersey met at Trenton,
May 23d. This town was represented by William Peartree
Smith, John Stites, John Chetwood, Abraham Clark and
Elias Boudinot. Smith and Boudinot were sent to Philadel
phia, on the 25th, to confer with Congress, on some joint
plan of action, and returned on the 30th.
The combat thickened. British reinforcements arrived at
Boston. The cry — " To Arms ! " — had brought together con
siderable numbers of patriot soldiers. Congress was loudly
summoned to create an army. They assumed the charge of
the New England recruits, and chose George Washington,
June 15, as General in Chief of the Continental Army. The
effect of these measures was electric. Hope was invigorated,
confidence inspired. The battle of Bunker Hill followed
two days after, June 17th. That Americans would fight
was no longer doubtful. That British regulars were not in
vincible was certain. The yeomanry took heart at once.
The people everywhere flew to arms. Even cowards were
brave. Ammunition was greatly needed. But for this, Bunker
Hill would have been a greater triumph. Powder was in
demand, in the army and everywhere. The Committee of
this town deeply interested themselves in procuring and fnr-
* Davis' Lifo of Burr, I. 58. t N. Y. Mercury, No. 1531. Holt's N. Y. Jour
nal, May 11. Moore's Diary, I. 76.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 419
nishing the needed supply. On the 17th of July, they for
warded, by way of Dobbs' Ferry, fifty-two quarter casks
just received from Philadelphia. On the same day, they
Resolved, That this Committee, for every hundred weight of Saltpetre
made within this Town for the first three months after this day, will pay
the sum of twenty pounds, proclamation money of New Jersey, on the
delivery thereof to this Committee, and fifteen pounds of same currency,
for the like quantity of Saltpetre, made and delivered as aforesaid, within
the next three months thereafter.*
The whole stock of powder, at Washington's command,
August 13th, for the use of the army around Boston, was
about ninety barrels only — " not more than nine rounds a
man ; " they had " but thirty-two barrels in store." The
destitution continued " a fortnight or more, till the Jersey
Committee of Elizabethtown, upon .receiving the alarming
news, sent on a few tons, which they were obliged to do with
the greatest privacy, lest the fears of their own people, had
it been known, should have stopt it for their own use, in case
of an emergency." On the 20th of August, Washington
acknowledges the receipt of " six tons and a half of powder
from the southward." f
At the same meeting of the Committee, July 17th, the
following action was taken :
The Chairman of this Committee having received a letter from Mr.
Richard Lawrence, a Delegate of Richmond County for the Provincial
Congress of the Colony of New York, informing that the inhabitants of
said County had, in general, signed the Association recommended by the
Committee of New York, this Committee are therefore of opinion that
the inhabitants of said County be restored to their commercial privileges
with the inhabitants of this Town.j:
The martial spirit that prevailed in the town may be seen
from the following item :
Elizabeth Town, October 4, 1775. Yesterday sixteen Companies of
Foot, and one of Horse, belonging to this Borough, were reviewed on the
Parade, went through their Military Exercises with Alertness and Reg
ularity, and made a very handsome Appearance.§
* N. Y. Mercury, No. 1241.
t Gordon's Am. Eevolution, I. 880. Sparks' Washington, III. 65. Irving's Washington ,
II. 26. X N. Y. Mercury, No. 1241. § Ibid, No. 1252.

420 THE HISTORY OF
The following pleasant incident occurred nearly two
months later :
Dec. 4, 1775. Wednesday evening last [Nov. 29,] arrived at Newark
in their Way to the Provincial Camp at Cambridge, the Lady of his
Excellency General Washington, the Lady of Adjutant General Gates
John Custis, Esq. and his Lady and Warren Lewis, Esq; They were
escorted from Elizabeth Town, by the Company of Light Horse, and
most of the principal Gentlemen of that Borough. On Thursday morn
ing they departed for Dobbs Ferry, escorted by a Party of the Elizabeth
Town Light Horse, and a great Number of Gentlemen and Ladies from
Newark. Mrs. Washington accomplished the whole distance from
Virginia to Cambridge, Mass., in her own conveyance, " a
chariot and four, with black postillions in scarlet and white
liveries," traveling by easy stages.*
At the close of November, by order of Congress, a recruit
ing agency was established here, and the town was made
the headquarters of the first N. J. regiment of regulars,
under the command of Wm. Alexander, [titular] Earl of
Stirling. He had been, for several years, a resident of
Baskingridge, had recently been chosen Colonel of a Somer
set County militia regiment, and had carried many of
them with him into the Continental service. He took
care, that all vessels coming from foreign countries to New
York, should (on account of restrictions laid on the commerce
of that port by Capt. Hyde Parker, of the Phenix man-of-
war in the harbor), enter at Amboy or Elizabeth Town, and
at the latter place if possible. Apprehensive, therefore, of a
visit from some of the armed boats of the Phenix, he urged
Congress, Dec. 19, 1775, to furnish the town with "an imme
diate supply of ammunition, and, if possible, half a dozen
field-pieces, with some round, grape and cannister shot;"
and soon after, Jan. 6, 1776, he wrote to the President of
Congress, —
I have the pleasure to inform you that several vessels with valuable
cargoes from foreign ports, have arrived in this Province ; and, under the
protection I have afforded them, have landed their cargoes. Among the
rest, are some hundred barrels of gun powder.t
* N. Y. Mercury, No. 1260. Irvlng'a Wash., II. 120, 1. t Life of Stirling, pp. 116, 118.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 421
On the recommendation of Lord Stirling, William. Barnet,
Jr., was appointed, by Congress, Surgeon of the First Jersey
Battalion, and Matthias Halstead, Quartermaster. Four
companies of the Battalion were stationed here, such of them
as could not be accommodated in the barracks, finding quar
ters among the people. Some weeks elapsed before they
were fully equipped. *
An opportunity soon occurred for calling into requisition
the martial ardor andenergy of the town. The occurrence
is related at length, by Robert Ogden, Esq., (who had now
succeeded Jonathan Hampton, as Chairman of the Town
Committee), in a letter to John Hancock, President of Con
gress, dated, E. Town, Feb. 10, 1776 :—
Sir, I am ordered by the Committee of Elizabeth Town to acquaint the
Congress of the Capture and state of the ship Blue-Mountain- Valley, now
lying at Elizabeth-Town Point, and to desire particular directions from
the Congress what is to be done with the said ship, cargo, officers, and
seamen. On Monday, the 22d of January, between eleven and twelve o'clock,
Loi-d Stirling, with about thirty men of his regiment, being near all that
were then armed at this place, the rest being at Long Island,t set out for
Amboy, on a serious enterprise. In the evening of the same day, an ex
press arrived in this town, with a letter directed to Lord Stirling, and, in
his absence, to the Chairman of the Committee of this place, informing
that an armed vessel, with a detachment of marines and seamen, was sent
off from New York that day from the ships of war in New York, and to
the transport ship.
On the Chairman's receipt of this letter, he immediately called the Com
mittee, which met about six o'clock in the evening, and from the letter
and express, collected and concluded, that Lord Stirling left this place
with an intention to procure a vessel at Amboy, and go in quest of the
transport-ship, which he then thought was in a defenceless condition, not
knowing of the reinforcement sent from New York, and that if intelli
gence should reach him that night, he would not be able to procure ves
sels and assistance in season at Amboy to secure success, and might be
repulsed with loss. On which the Committee resolved to send a detach
ment of one hundred volunteers in three or four boats, by the way of the
Narrows, to take, or assist Lord Stirling to take, the armed vessel or
transport, of which they immediately notified Lord Stirling by an express ;
* Am. Archives, 4th Ser., IV. 165, 247, 354.
t Scouring the country to disarm the Tories, and arrest the most dangerous of the Loyal
ists N. Y. Col. Docmts., VIII. 663, 7. Hildreth, III. 114-5

422 THE HISTORY OF
and to encourage volunteers to enter, assured them they should share of
the prize or prizes, according to the regulations that were or should he
made by the Continental Congress. Volunteers were soon procured, and
furnished by the Committee with ammunition, provision and what arms
were wanting ; of the townsmen, about eighty, and of the Continental
troops, about thirty. The Committee also procured three boats, and
fitted them in the best manner the night and hurry would admit of. Be
tween twelve and one o'clock at night, the armament was ready to sail,
but on account of the tide and ice, * they could not proceed by the way of
the Narrows ; they, therefore, set out with a fair wind by the way of Am
boy, where they stopped, and called upon Lord Stirling, who, with a boat
procured by him for the purpose, and about forty of his regiment, set
out with them in quest of the ship and armed vessel. At sunrise, from
the mast-head, they descried the ship at sea, stood for, met and boarded
her, without opposition, at ten o'clock in the morning; they found her
to be a transport from London, with coals, porter, potatoes, hogs, and
horse-beans, designed for the Ministerial troops at Boston, commanded by
John H. Dempster, brother to George Dempster, member of Parliament
for Dundee, &c, in Scotland. But the armed vessel, by great good for
tune, saved herself by returning to New York, not having discovered the
ship, to the great disappointment of our people. Lord Stirling gave the
command of the ship to Mr. Rogers, a sea captain, with orders to proceed
for this place, but being detained by tide and contrary winds on Wednes
day near Amboy, the Committee being apprehensive of an attempt by
the man of war to retake her, on Wednesday evening sent a reinforcement
of about eighty men, to secure her against any such attempt, and on Fri
day she arrived in safety, at Elizabeth-Town Point, where she remained
under the command of Lord Stirling, guarded by some of the troops un
der his command, until Tuesday last, when he and his troops were ordered
to New York, since which time she hath been, and now is, under the care
of the Committee. By order of Lord Stirling, and the Committee, the
porter and beans are stored, the sails and rigging are taken on shore.
The potatoes whieh are chiefly rotten, and coal, remain on board the
ship. The Captain and seamen remain prisoners at large in this town.
The Committee expected Lord Stirling would have, before this time, pro
cured the particular directions of the Congress for the disposition of the
ship and cargo, but in this they are disappointed, and every thing respect
ing the ship is in suspense. The hogs remaining, being only seven (oat
of eighty) and the remaining potatoes, they have concluded to sell. The
coal is in great demand for making of arms, and is liable to be destroyed
with the ship, by an armed force which may be dispatched privately in
the night from Now York, which is but about fourteen miles distance.
* The season had been very severe. Navigation about N. Y. had been much obstructed.
N. Y. Col. Docmts., VIII. 607, 674.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 423
The seamen, who are boarded out by the Committee, are uneasy and
soliciting the Committee for their wages which, they say, were promised
by Lord Stirling. The Captain is anxious to know how long he is to be
detained, and the. Committee are desirousjhat he may be soon dismissed,
and be at liberty to return home and inform his friends and countrymen
of the usage he has received from the Americans. This, sir, is the state
of affairs relating to the storeship called the Blue-Mountain- Valley and
brought to this place.
Appended to this statement,, is a list of the officers and
crew, — a Captain; 3 Mates, a Carpenter, a Boatswain, a
Stewart, 7 Seamen, and 2 Apprentices. Their bill for wages
was £123. 3. 7., of which £23. 6. 7. had been paid.
The Manifest is also given, dated Sept. 30, 1775, showing
107J chaldrons of coal, 30 bundles of hoops, 100 butts of por
ter, branded — " Calvert," 225 bags of beans, 156 sacks of
potatoes, 10 casks sour-krout, 80 live hogs, and 35 empty
puncheons, for water ; shipped by Mure, Son, and Atkinson,
of London, by order of the Right Hon. the Lords Commis
sioners of his Majesty's Treasury. The vessel had sailed from
London, Oct. 13, 1775.
An accompanying paper gives
A List of the Officers and Men, belonging to the Militia of Elizabeth-
Town, who entered on board of the different shallops as Volunteers, in
order to take the Ship Blue-Mountain-Valley, January 22, 1776, under
the command of Elias Dayton, Colonel :
Elias Dayton, Colonel, Samuel Smith,
Edward Thomas, Lieut. Col., Lewis Blanchard,
Oliver Spencer, Captain, Edmund Thomas,
William Britton, Captain, Thomas Elstone,
Francis Barber, First Lieut., Ephraim Marsh,
Aaron Hatfield, First Lieut., Adam Lee,
Thomas Morrel, Second Lieut., Thomas Quigley,
George Everson, Quartermaster,  Macarty,
Smith Hetfield, Capt. of Boat, Henry M. Munagal,
John Thomas, Capt. of Boat, Price Parcel,
John Trail, Capt. of Boat, Barney Ogden,
"William -Barnet, Surgeon, Timothy B. Stout,
"William Higins, Sergeant, Joseph Meeker, Jun.,
David Ross, Sergeant, George Weeks,

Henry Baker, Sergeant, Edward •

424

THE HISTORY OF

¦ Beaty,

David Stewart.
Daniel Craig,
Thomas Lee,
Stephen Wheeler,
Farrington Price,
Elijah Woodruff,
Daniel Woodruff.
! Aaron Ogden,
Edward Jones,
William Clark,
Jonathan Clark,
Jonathan Nichols,
Samuel Mann,
Silas Freeman,
William Meeker,
Samuel Ogden,
Gabriel Meeker,
Jonathan Pierson,
Elihu Parsons,
Daniel  ,
Robert Spencer,
William Ramsden,
Samuel Sealey,
The above is a true list,
Elizabeth-Town, Feb.

Samuel Lee,
Thomas Hoyt,
Lewis Woodruff
Isaiah Gray,
William Livingston, Jr.,
Brockholst Livingston,
John Hendrix,
Samuel Morehouse,
Jacob Carle,
Benjamin Woodruff,
Jonathan Woodruff,
Benjamin Hinds,
John Gray,
James Clenchy,
John Miller,
John Runyon,
Nicholas Deane,
Moses Cwmel,
Godfrey Blackney,
Timothy Burns,
Simon Simonson,
Richard Miller,
John Miller, 2d.
to the best of my knowledge and belief.
9, 1776. Edward Thomas. *

Several of the men, whose names are included in this list,
afterwards became decided loyalists, and s'ome of them ma
lignant tories ; but the vast majority of them continued true
to their country, and several of them became highly disr
tinguished for their military services. The names of a few
are not familiar. These were of the Continentals, from the
back country.
In his " Life of Lord Sterling," Judge Duer gives the
credit of this affair to Sterling, as having " planned and exe
cuted " the enterprise ; overlooking the fact, that the Town
Committee undertook, of their own motion, without even a
suggestion from Stirling, by far the heaviest part of the work.
Lord Stirling's letter to Congress, also, dated, Jan. 24th,
1776, is given incorrectly. It should read, — ¦

* Am. Arohlvos, 4th Ser., IV. 987-9.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 425
I immediately set out for Amboy, and there seized a Pilot-boat, and,
with forty men, was just pushing out about two yesterday morning, when
I was joined by three other boats from Elizabeth Town, with about forty
men each, many of them gentlemen from Elizabeth Town, who volun
tarily came on this service^ under the command of Col. Dayton, and
Lieut. Col. Thomas.
He describes the vessel, as " a ship of about one hundred
feet, from stem to stern, above, capable of making a ship of
war of twenty six-pounders, and ten three-pounders." Of
the captain, he says, Jan. 27, — " He is a sensible, genteel
young man ; all his property (about one hundred pounds
sterling) is on board." In bringing the vessel in, she
grounded, on Thursday, in the Sound, near the Blazing Star ;
but, being lightened, she was got off on Friday morning and
brought to the Point.- *
On the Monday following, 29th, Lord Stirling's letters hav
ing been read in Congress, it was •
Resolved, That the alertness, activity, and good conduct of Lord Stir
ling, and the forwardness and spirit of the gentlemen and others from
Elizabeth-Town, who voluntarily assisted him in taking the ship Blue-
Mountain- Valley, were laudable and exemplary; and that his Lordship
be directed to secure the capture until the further order of Congress ; and
that, in the meantime, he cause such part of the lading as would other
wise perish, to be disposed of by sale, t
Lord Stirling received orders from Gen. Lee, Feb. 4, 1776,
to transfer his regiment to New York ; and, the next morn
ing, he marched, with the four companies, stationed here,
to the North River, and, having been detained by the ice,
on the following day arrived at New York. On the 9th, he
received and transmitted from Congress the vote of thanks,
and sent orders to Mr. John Blanchard to take charge of the
cargo of the transport, with a request to Brig. Gen. Living
ston, and John DeHart, Esq., to aid him in the management
of the affair. At the same time, he took the opportunity of
requesting Mr. Ogden to give his best thanks to the Com
mittee of Elizabeth Town, for their readiness, at all times to
assist him in carrying on the service under his direction, and
* Am. Archives, 4th Ser., IV. 837, 867-8, Duer's Life of Stirling, p. 325.
t Journal of Congress, for 1776. Duer's Stirling, p. 124,

426 THE HISTORY OF
to the inhabitants in general for the many instances of confi
dence and friendship received from them.*
Finally, the Provincial Congress of New Jersey, ordered,
March 2, 1776, the vessel and cargo to be confiscated, a com
mission to be appointed for the sale of the ship and its con
tents, and the proceeds to be distributed among the captors.
John Blanchard excused himself, March 2d, from serving on
the Committee, because he was so much occupied in building
a powder-mill, and, on his recommendation, his son Cornelius
was, March 8th, appointed in his place, f
Col. Stirling, having been appointed, March 1st, a Brigadier
General, Robert Ogden wrote him, March 4th, a letter of
congratulation, and took occasion to add, —
There are many fire-arms lost, or, at least, at present missing, that
were lent (by the inhabitants of the town) to furnish Capt. Meeker and
the parties under him, to assist your Lordship in taking the Ship Blue-
Mountain- Valley. H'e has been applied to for the arms, but says he
knows nothing about them, who had them, nor where to be found. His
ignorance and high temper makes it difficult to treat with him.f
Sterling wrote, March 1st, to Blanchard, authorizing him
to deliver 34 chaldrons of the coal to Moses Ogden, at the
Market price, Ogden having a contract with the government
for iron work. The remainder of the cargo, with the ship
and its appurtenances, was sold at* auction, by order of the
Committee of E. Town, March 18th. A gratuity was allowed
the seamen, who, with the officers, were set at liberty, and
the proceeds of the sale were divided among the captors.
By order of the Provincial Congress, Feb. 2d, Edward
Thomas and Isaac Woodruff, Barrack Masters, were author
ized to dispose of, at their estimated value, for the use of the
Continental Troops, the blankets belonging to the E. Town
barracks. On the 3d, Abraham Ogden was appointed Lieut.
Col., and William Barnet, Major of the Regiment of Light
Horse in the Eastern Division of the State. On the 23d,
Edward Thomas was appointed Col., Jeremiah Smith, Lieut.
Col., and Oliver Spencer, First Major of the First Regiment
* Am; Archivos, 4th Ser., IV. 1199-1200.
t Ibid, p. 1606. Stirling Mbs., N. Y. His. Soo. i; Am. Arohives, 4th Ser., V. 56.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 427
of Essex Militia. On the 6th of March, Elias Dayton was
appointed, by Congress, Col., and Francis Barber, Major, of
the Third Battalion of N. Jersey Continentals. And, on the
requisition of Lord Stirling at New York, six thousand
cartridges were furnished him by the E. Town Committee. *
Gen. Clinton arrived at New York, from Boston, Feb. 4th,
in the ship-of-war Mercury, in company with a transport
brig, with 200 marines, on his way to the South. Shortly
afterwards the vessels weighed anchor, and fell down to the
watering place, near Staten Island. On the evening of Satur
day, 10th, word was brought to this town, that the marines
were intending to make a raid on Staten Island and carry off
the live stock. Gen. Livingston, who had been put in charge,
on Stirling's transfer to New York, called out 300 of the
militia, sent out a part to reconnoitre the south side of the
Island, and marched with the troops at three in the morning.
At Ward's, in sight of the Light House, they were joined by
Capt. Blanchard and his company of light horse. Learning
here that the vessels had left Sandy Hook the day before, a
squad, under the command of Col. Edward Thomas, were
left to guard the coast, for fear of a feint, and the remainder
were ordered home. The militia were highly commended
for the alacrity with which they responded to the call of their
commander, on this occasion.f
Owing to the commotions of the times, and the close con
nection of the town with New York, the place was visited by
many strangers, some of whom rendered themselves liable to
suspicion, as unfriendly to the cause of the country.. The
Committee of the Town, therefore, represented the case, Feb.
12th, to the Provincial Congress, then in session, who passed
an ordinance, requiring, among other things,
That all suspected pei-sons removing into the colony, should be imme
diately returned to the place whence they came, unless their detention
as delinquents should be proper ; or unless they produced certificates from
the Committee of the precinct, from which they came, that they had
signed the Association recommended by Congress, and had not subse
quently contravened it. J
* Am. Archives, 4th Ser., IV. 1530, 2, 9, 98, 1606. t N. York Packet, Feb. 22.
} Am. Archives, 4th Ser., IV. 15S9. Gordon's N. J., 173, 4.

428 THE HISTORY OF
Thus gradually, but surely, the lines of demarcation be
tween the patriots and the loyalists were becoming more and
more distinct, and the people were compelled to show their
colors, as friends or foes, to Congress and the country.
On the 14th, Wm. Livingston and John DeHart, of this
town were re-elected, by the Provincial Congress of N. Jersey,
members of the General Congress, which had continued in
session till this time.*
Fears were entertained, that the British Army at Boston
were about to be transferred to New York, of which Lord
Stirling received intimation, March 13th, from Gen. Wash
ington. Stirling immediately called upon each of several
adjacent Counties in New Jersey to send forward imme
diately three or four hundred men to aid in fortifying the
City and harbor. Lewis Ogden, Chairman of the Newark
Committee replied, on the 14th, that they would send 150
men : " We also sent a Deputation from our Board to the
Committee at Elizabeth Town to inform them what we had
done and request that they would furnish 150 more, — they
have agreed to do it."
Stephen Crane, who had succeeded Robert Ogden, as
Chairman of the E. Town Committee, wrote to Stirling, also,
on the 14th, to the effect, that they had no right to send a
Detachment out of the Province ; urged the desperate state
of the Colony ; and said, —
The Arming the two battalions in the Continental Service hath drained
us of our best Arms, and in case a Decent should be made at New York,
we should be liable to continual excursions of the enemy.
Wm. Burnet, Chairman of the Essex Co. Committee, wrote
on the 15th, that a copy of Crane's letter had been sent to
him, " from which we are afraid no men will come from
Elizabeth Town ; . . . however we shall Endeavour to prevail
with them to furnish their quota, and hope we shall succeed."
The next day, he writes that " the confusion is owing to your
writing to the Township and not the County Committee."
Two days after, Stirling acknowledges the services of Bur-
* Gordon's N. J., p. 201 . Mulford's N. J., p. 425.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 429
net and the Newark people ; informs him of his intention to
fortify East Jersey, and says, —
I shall send to explain my designs to you and to engage the people of
Elizabeth Town to carry them into execution which according to my
plan they will be able to do with two or Three hundred men in a few
days. Some Intrenching tools will be necessary, and it will be proper to
have' them Collected as soon as possible at Newark or Elizabeth Town.
And so the men were kept at home to work on their own
fortifications. Stirling knew the people too well to believe,
that they were wanting in patriotism. One of the staunchest
patriots of the town, Abraham Clark, the Signer, wrote to
the Committee of Safety, at this very time, March 15th, in
reference to a resolution of the Provincial Congress, calling
for arms to equip a battalion for Canada, — " If all the Con
gresses upon the Continent required us to disarm ourselves
at present, unless we are deemed dangerous to liberty, I
would not obey." The situation of the town was becoming
exceedingly critical, and they needed to husband all their
resources.* Col. Dayton, in command of the Third Continental Regi
ment stationed at E. Town, in the mean time, had received,
March 10th, orders from Stirling to put his regiment in
marching trim. On the 14th, he writes, that " the companies
of Captains Bloomfield, Dickinson and Potter have passed
muster," and th^t the others are nearly full. He refers to
the scarcity of Arms, and says, — " The Militia are now more
than ever unwilling to part with their Arms ; " and adds,
that he and Major Barber had been to Congress at Philadel
phia about it, but without success. On the 23d, he received
orders to march forthwith to New York.f
In accordance with the intimations in the letter to Burnet,
Lord Stirling came over, on the 22d, to this town, to survey
the ground, and lay out a line of fortifications at the Point.
After conference with Gen. Livingston in relation to the plan,
he returned to the city on the 24th, to procure engineers to
be employed on these works under the direction of General
William Thompson.
* Stirling Mss., N. Y. His. Soe. Anal. Index, p. 451. t Stirling Mss.

430 THE HISTORY OF
Boston was evacuated by the British Army, March 17th,
and, as it was naturally inferred that they would make a
vigorous effort to establish their headquarters at New York,
the American army was, in the course of a few weeks, mostly
transferred to this section of the country. General Washing
ton arrived and took command at New York, on Saturday,
April 13th, The work of erecting and strengthening fortifi
cations at exposed points was renewed, and carried on with
great vigor.
The Provincial Congress of New Jersey, chosen on the
4th Monday in May, met at Burlington on the 10th of June ;
and John De Hart having been permitted to resign his seat
in Congress, Abraham Clark, also of this town, who had
served for some time as Secretary of the N. Jersey Commit
tee of Safety, was chosen, June 22d, in his place. Wm.
Livingston, another member from this town, having been
appointed Commander-in-Chief of the New Jersey Militia,
resigned his membership, and established his headquarters
at Elizabeth Town Point, while his own family, and others,
retired into less exposed portions of the country, in anticipa
tion of the near approach of the British army and the full
realities of war.*
* "It may be Interesting to some to know what was tho appearance of the town at the
beginning of the war in 1776. The writer," says Capt William C. DeHart, " can describe
a portion of it by whioh at least, may be Been tho great change since that day. From the
Barracks, south as far as the corner of the lot where stands [1846^the present residence of
Mr. Mayo it was entirely open. At this spot stood the ' Eed Store-house,' which will be
mentioned hereafter, and then came the stone house (Mr. Mayo's) and between that and Mr.
Jelf 's now the residence of Mr. Oliver Price, there were but two small wooden buildings.
On the other side of the road was the mansion of Mr. John De Hart, which appeared then
much as at the present day, with the exception of a piazza and shed which extended entirely
across the south front. To the south of this last stood a woodon building occupied by John
Blanchard, and probably makes a part of it, as it occupies the same ground of the building
now tenanted by Mr. Leavenworth. Proceeding from this on the west side, and crossing the
road which runs obliquely toward tho Eahway turnpike, stood a small frame building -, and a
little further on was the Presbyterian Parsonage occupied by the Eev. James Caldwell.
This last was a frame building, covered with shingles and painted red ; in form it was long,
two low stories in front, and tho roof declined to the roar in a long slope, terminating at the
height of one story above tho ground. Botweon the Parsonage and the road, south, there
was no other building, and tho globe attached was a large square lot behind the dwelling, and
bounded on one side by tho road to the oorner (Capt. Williamson's) and thence somo distance
on tho Philadelphia road towards Mr. Charles King's residence. The next house was that of
Judge Chetwood now in tho possession of Mr. Bryant, and opposite to this, cast, stood a small
building on tho corner.
From the cornor (Jelf 's Hill) cast, there was a building near what is now Mr. Cleaveland's
Bakery. Tho next building, well rcmomborcd, and a portion of which is still standing, was on

ELIZABETH, NEW , JERSEY. 431
the ' flats ' and occupied by a very worthy person for many years, Maam'selle Nancy Salnave
(pronounced Snaw^) the popular dress-maker of the village, the Marchande dea Modes, and
the arbitress of matters of fashion in those pristine times of taste and troubles. Proceeding
eastward, on the corner stood a small building where now lives Mr. James Cree, and beyond
a few yards was another small house. From this point to the bridge was vacant ; and on the
other side of the river was the old mill which yet stands ;— the peaceful clack of whose
wheels with its rushing stream, had discoursed their music to the ears of a preceding genera
tion. The next building was the ( Red Lion ' inn, distinguished in its time, for having been for
a brief space the quarters of General "Washington. Beyond this a few yards was a house
known as 'the Lodge,' erected it is believed by an association of Free Masons — a portion of
this Btill remains. The next in succession was the Court House, a small frame shingle-covered
building which had never been adorned with paint,— and in the same condition, and style of
architecture, was the adjacent building, the Presbyterian Meeting House, both of which re
spectively occupied the ground whereon now stand the structures devoted to the same ob
jects : and where is now the Lecture-room of the l First Congregation ' stood a small wooden
building familiar to all as * The Academy,' where a Barber taught, not ' rebellion,' but gram
mar and '•old English undefiled.' From this last point up to Jersey street, there were but
two houses, the first where Miss Crittenden now resides, and the second a little beyond the
residence of Mrs. "Wilson, and which was destroyed by fire a few years since. On the opposite
side of the street from the corner house now occupied by Mrs. Barber, as far as St. John's
Church, intervened but five houses : the first on the corner; one about whore now is Mr.
Ludlow's shoe store ; a third on the site now covered by Mr. Earle's store ; a fourth, which is
yet standing though carried up another story since that day, and at present in possession of
Mr. M. Halsey; and the fifth adjoining the Church-yard, and then well known, to the children
of the town as the *Cake Shop.'
South of the Church stood the two small brick tenements which are still there, and now
occupied by Squire "Winans and our worthy post-master ; and thence to the residence of
General "Williamson, now the ' Union Hotel/ was an open orchard. Crossing the street, on
the corner stood a small shop, and next, towards the river, where Bince has been erected the
' Thomas* House,1 was a long low one and a half story building, kept as a tavern, and famous
in its day, as the resort of the British officers of the garrison, and other gay young men about
town. From this sketch may be seen the changes which, have since taken place, and as the busy
mart where men most did congregate for the business of the day, was then the corner known
as ( Jelf 's Hill,' the neighborhood just described may be supposed to have been the most popu
lous part of the village. The old Eed Store House, which sometime afterwards was re
moved to the opposite side of the road, having been rebuilt, forms the house occupied by the
late Edward Price."— [De Hart's "Passages in the History of Elizabeth Town."]

432 THE HISTORY OF

CHAPTER XX.
A. D. 1116-1777.
Independence — Lines drawn — Sentiments of Abraham Clark, theSigner — Brit
ish Fleet — Staten Island taken by the British Troops — The War at the
Door — Defence of the Town — Arrest of Traitors — Female Patriot Forays
— Changes in the Town — Error of Mr. W. Irving — Disaffection of Pa.
Troops — Battle of Flatbush — Wm. LivingstOD, First Gov. of the State —
Gen. Matt. Williamson, in command here — John DeHart declines & Robert
Morris appointed Chief Justice of N. J. — Depot for Prisoners here — Am.
Army evacuate N. York — Letter of Rob. Ogden — Disasters — Retreat
through U~. Jersey — People flee — Town occupied by the British — William
son resigns — Defections — Protection Papers — Am. Troops at Short Hills —
Rev. J. Caldwell — Skirmish — Death of Col. Ford — Capture of Hessians at
Trenton — Capture of Princeton — Retreat of British Army — Washington at
Morristown — Enemy driven out of Newark and E. T. — Capt. E. Littell —
Barbarity of the Enemy — Tories and Neutrals driven out — Frequent Skir
mishes — British Army evacuate the State.
A new Era now dawns on the Town, the State, the Na
tion. A resolution had been submitted, June 7th, to the
General Congress, by Richard Henry Lee, of Virginia, to the
effect, " That these United Colonies are, and of right ought
to be, Free and Independent States ; that they are absolved
from all allegiance to the British Crown ; and that all polit
ical connection between them and the State of Great Britain
is, and ought to be, totally dissolved." On tlie 10th, having
been freely and earnestly discussed for three days, it was
adopted in committee of the whole, by a bare majority of the
several delegations. For the sake of greater unanimity, it
was reconsidered and postponed until the first of July.*
In the meantime, it was warmly debated among the peo-
* ritkln's U. States, 1. 802.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 433
pie, and in the several provincial congresses. The new Dele
gates from New Jersey, chosen June 21st, were instructed,
" in case they judged it necessary and expedient for support
ing the just rights of America, to join in declaring the United
Colonies independent, and entering into a Confederation for
union and defense." The consideration of the question was
resumed in Congress on Monday, July 1st, in committee of
the whole, and passed by the vote of nine colonies.- Being
reported to the house, it was deferred until the next day,
Tuesday, July 2d, when it was passed by the vote of twelve
Colonies, the Delegates from New York, though, personally
favorable, being restricted by official instructions from voting.
The Declaration of Independence, having been referred to a
special committee, was reported on the 28th of June, and,
having -been closely scrutinized for two days, on the evening
of the fourth of July, was adopted by the same vote.*
The die was now cast. The state of vassalage was termi
nated. The house of Hanover was dethroned. Royalty was
abolished. All dependence on Britain was abjured. A Re
public was inaugurated. A Nation was born. The struggle
ceased to be a civil war. Rebels were now patriots. The
British were foreign foes. The war was henceforth to be
waged by rival nations. Loyalists were now traitors, and to
be treated 'as foes to their country. Neutrality could no
longer be tolerated. King or Congress must rule. Sides
must be taken. Every man must be a friend or a foe — for
or against his country. He could not be neither.
Tidings of this event soon spread all over the land. Here
in this town, as elsewhere, it was received with mingled joy
and sorrow. The great majority of the people, including
nearly the whole of the Presbyterian party, and some few of
the Episcopalians, hailed the Declaration with the utmost
satisfaction and exultation, and nerved themselves anew for
the conflict. But " from that time," some who had hitherto
consorted with the patriots, Jonathan Hampton among the
number, " went back, and walked no more with " them. Of
these some few subsided into a state of apparent quietude,
* Pitkin's U. States, L 864, 5. Bancroft's U. S., VIII. 457, 9, 65, 7.
28

434 THE HISTORY OF
and of constrained acquiescence with the new order of things,
taking little or no part in public affairs. Others took the
first opportunity to connect themselves, openly and violently,
with the cause of royalty.
The "Declaration" was entered on the journal of Congress,
on the fourth, and immediately published to the world. But
no signatures were appended to it. On the 19th, it was or
dered to be engrossed on parchment, and signed by every
member. Accordingly the engrossed copy was presented on
Friday, Aug. 2d, and received the signatures of all the mem
bers then present, some of whom had not been present at its
adoption. This town has the honor of having contributed
one of her noble sons, Abraham Claek, to that immortal
band. In a letter, written at Philadelphia, Aug. 6th (four
days only after signing the Declaration), to his townsman,
Col. Elias Dayton, then on service at German Flats, he gives
utterance to the following appropriate sentiments :
As to my title, I know not yet whether it will be honourable or dis
honourable ; the issue of the war must settle it. Perhaps onr Congress
will be exalted on a high gallows. We were truly brought to the case of
the three lepers : If we contmued in the state we were in, it was evident
we 33131st perish ; if we declared Independence, we might be saved, — we
could but perish. I assure you, sir, I see — I feel, the danger we are in.
I am far from exulting in our imaginary happiness ; nothing short of the
almighty power of G-od can save us. It is not in our numbers, our union,
our valou3-, I dare trust. I think an interposing Providence hath been
evident in all the events that necessarily led us to what we are — I mean
independent States ; but for what purpose, whether to make us a great
empire, or to make our ruin more complete, the issue only can determine.*
Mr. Clark was a man of prayer, and was quartered, at
Philadelphia, with his colleague, the Rev. Dr. "Witherspoon.
Both these worthy men had acted throughout on Christian
principle, and with a deep sense of their responsibility to
Almighty God.
The transition from vassalage to independence, on the part
of the people of Elizabeth Town, was made in the midst of the
most serious alarms. Washington wrote from N. York,
June 29th, to General Livingston, commanding at E. Town :
* Pitkin's U. S., 1. 869. Journals of Cong. Am. Arohlvos, SthSer. 1.7S5.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 433
I have received certain information from the Hook, that about forty of
the enemy's fleet have arrived there, and others are now in sight, and
that there cannot be a doubt, but the whole fleet will be in this day and
to-morrow. I beg not a moment's time may be lost, in sending forward
such parts of the militia, as Ool. Keed shall mention. We are so very
weak at this post, that I must beg you to order the three companies, which
I mentioned in my last for Staten Island, immediately to this city.*
These ships were the British fleet from Halifax, under the
command of Admiral Shuldham, with the British Army un
der General Howe, recently driven out of Boston, with six
transports filled with Highlanders just sent over. Orders
were immediately issued for the removal of the live stock
from Staten Island, and the people of this town wrere called
upon to aid in this movement. "Washington writes from N.
York, July 3d, to the President of Congress,—
I am this minute informed by a gentleman that the Committee of Eliza
beth Town sent their Company of Light Horse on Monday to effect it, .
and that some of their Militia was to give their aid yesterday [Tuesday], —
he adds that he was credibly told last night by part of the Militia coming
to this place, that yesterday they saw a good deal of stock driving off the
Island and crossing to the Jerseys.t
The Staten Islanders had made profession of patriotism, it
has been seen, and so were allowed to resume trade with this
town. The value of their professions may he seen from the
report of Gov. Tryon of New York to Lord George Germain,
dated, " Dutchess of Gordon, off Staten Island, 8th July,
1776:"— General Howe disembarked the troops under his command on Staten
Island the 2d Instant without opposition, on which occasion the inhabit
ants of the Island came down to welcome the arrival of their deliverers,
& have since afforded the army every supply & accommodation in their
power. On Saturday last [6th] I received the Militia of the Island at
Richmond Town, where near four hundred appeared, who chearfully, on
my Recommendation, took the Oath of Allegiance & fidelity to his Majes
ty. To-morrow I am to have another muster for the enlistment of Volun-
tiers to form a Provincial Corps for the defence of the Island.!
By this defection and the occupation of the Island by the
British, this t®wn was brought info the very fore-front of the
* Sparks' Washington, III. pp. 445, 6. t Am. Archivos, 4th Ser., VI, 1234.
t N. T. Col.'Docmts., VIII. 631.

436 THE HISTORY OF
field of conflict, and so continued throughout the war. Staten
Island became thenceforward not only a British post, but a
nest of Tories, and the common resort of the " Loyalists," in
their flight from East Jersey.
The day after their landing, the enemy made their appear
ance on the western shore of the Island, opposite E. Town
Point. As soon as the troops landed (says a correspondent), they paraded the
north shore, and on Wednesday morning [3d] made their appearance near
Elizabeth-Town point; but the country being soon alarmed, they re
treated, took up the floor of the drawbridge in the salt meadows, and im
mediately threw up some works. Their near approach to Elizabeth-Town
point greatly alarmed the inhabitants of Essex county, and particularly
the people of Elizabeth-Town and Newark ; but they are now in a con
dition to receive them whenever they may think proper to approach.
Two yoxlng men from Elizabeth-Town crossed the river in a canoe last
Thursday [4th], and fired upon the regulars ; but a number of them rush-
• ing out of the woods, they were obliged to retreat and cross the river
again.* Livingston writes to "Washington, on the 4th, that they had
Thrown up a couple of small breastworks on the causeway leading
from the Point over the Salt Meadow. We have between four and five
hundred at the Point who have thrown up a line from the Point House
eastward to answer as a covei-. We have two field-piecesj with a part of
the Company of Artillery of this Province [Capt. Neill's]. (He adds),
Our men are raw and inexperienced, our officers mostly absent, want of
discipline is inevitable, while we are greatly exposed for the distance of
twelve or fourteen miles.t
He makes an urgent appeal for troops to defend the town
against the disciplined troops on the Island, from whom an
invasion was constantly expected. "Washington, thereupon,
writes, on the 5th, to the President of Congress, —
General Mercer arrived here on Tuesday, and, the next morning, was
ordered to Paulus Hook to make some arrangements of the militia as
they came in, and the best disposition he could to prevent the enemy's
crossing from Staten Island if they should have any such views. The
distressed situation of the inhabitants of Elisabeth Town and Newark has
since induced me, upon their application, to give up alkthe militia from
* Pa. Evo. Post, No. 229. P». Journal, No. 1758. t Am. Arohives,4th Ser., VI. 1262.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 437
the Jerseys, except those engaged for six months. I am hopeful they will
be able to repel atiy incursions, that may be attempted.*
He writes to Livingston, the next day, 6th, —
General Mercer has just set off for Jersey. In his experience and
judgment you may repose great confidence. He will proceed to Amboy
after conferring with you. You will please to keep me constantly in
formed of the proceedings of the enemy, and be assured of every assist
ance and attention.!
In the same letter, he writes, in answer to one from Liv
ingston, of the same date, as follows : —
The known disaffection of the people of Amboy, and the treachery of
those of Staten Island, who, after the fairest professions, have shown
themselves our most inveterate enemies, have induced me to give direc
tions, that all persons of known enmity or doubtful character should be
removed from places, where they might enter into a correspondence with
the enemy, and aid them in their schemes. For this end, General Heard
[of Woodbridge] has1 directions to apprehend such persons, as from their
conduct have shown themselves inimical, or whose situation, connexions,
or offices have given just cause of suspicion.};
This order had a very salutary effect, resulting in the ap
prehension of a considerable number of suspected persons, in
this town and vicinity, but more particularly in Amboy.
Maj. Duyckinck, of the Middlesex militia, had arrested nine
of the principal inhabitants of Amboy, and sent them here to
General Livingston, giving occasion to Livingston's letter to
Washington.g A Philadelphia paper, of August 10th, relates the follow
ing:— On the late alarm at Elizabeth Town, when an immediate attack of
the regulars was expected [July 3d], and every man, capable of bearing
arms, was summoned to defend it, there were three or four young men
[brothers] going out from one house, when an elderly lady, mother or
grandmother to the young men, without betraying the least signs of
timidity, with a resolute calmness encouraged and assisted them to arm.
When they were ready to go, and just setting out, she addressed them
thus : —
" My children, I have a few words to say to you ; you are going out in
* Sparks' Washington, III. 449-50. t Ibid., p. 452.
X Ibid., III. 451-2. § Whitehead's Amboy, p. 830.

438 kTHE HISTORY OF
a just cause to fight for the rights and liberties of your country. You
have my blessing and prayers, that God will protect and assist you. But
if you fall; his will be done. Let me beg of you, my children, that if
you fall, it may be like men ; and that your wounds may not be in your
back parts."
A noble specimen of the Christian heroine ! It is to be
regretted that her name is not recorded on earth ; it is in
heaven.* The two field-pieces, of which mention has been made,
very soon gave a good account of themselves. Under date
of July 4, 1776, 12 o'clock at night, it is said, —
One of the enemy's armed sloops of fourteen guns, having this eveniDg
run up near Elizabeth Point, waB attacked from the shore, with two
twelve-pounders, a great number of her men killed, she set on fire and
entirely destroyed.!
As this occurred just about the time that the Declaration
of Independence was adopted by Congress, or within two or
three hours of that event, it was probably the first military
exploit of the new-born nation, and an auspicious omen of its
career. " About one hundred and, thirty sail," as "Washington in
forms Gen. Schuyler, on the 11th, had now arrived from Hali
fax, and the British army on the Island numbered " between
nine and ten thousand." The next day several ships of the
line arrived, and among them the Admiral's ship, who had
been daily expected. The utmost vigilance now became ne
cessary, the more so, as two British men of war had the same
afternoon run up Hudson's River, and taken possession of
Tappan Bay. Livingston, in command of the militia here,
and Mercer, in charge of the Flying Camp at Amboy, kept
their eye on the opposite shore of the Sound, and prevented
all foraging incursjpns from the enemy on the Island. Living
ston found himself very much in need of military stores. In
a letter to the Prov. Congress, July 6th, he says, —
The number of men that are now in the service here loudly call for
more ample supplies of almost every necessary (except provisions), than
* Pa Evo. Post, No. 248. Pa. Jonrnal, No. 175S. t Am. Arohlves, 4th Ser., VI. 1273,

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 439
can be obtained here, such as ammunition, flints, arms, and indeed stores
of every kind, an attention to which I cannot give in the manner I could
choose in the present exigency.*
The following incidents, taken from letters written, in the
Camp at Elizabeth Town, show that the troops were kept
continually on the alert : —
Last Wednesday noon [10th] a soldier belonging to one of the regiments
on Staten Island, being in liquor, and having wandered from his compan
ions, got upon the meadows near Elizabeth Town Point, which being ob
served by Col. Smith, who had the command that day at the Point, he '
sent over a party of men who took him prisoner.
Yesterday nine of our Riflemen crossed the river [Sound] in order io
harass some Regulars who were throwing up a kind of breastwork on a
bridge for their enemies, who kept firing on our men for some time, with
out doing any execution, till one of the brave fellows went within a few
yards of the enemy, and desi3-ed them to surrender. At that instant he
received a ball through his head, which killed him on the spot. The Col
onel sent over a flag of truce to the commanding officer on the Island, de
siring leave to bring off his man, which the officer very politely agreed to
and let him take man, rifle and all his accoutrements.!
A few days before this, Gen. Mercer had come on here
from Amboy, in order to surprise the enemy on Staten Isl
and. He planned an invasionfor the night of the 18th, pur
posing to cross the Sound from the month of Thompson's
Creek, a little below the Point, to the Blazing Star. Maj.
Knowlton was to head the Continental troops. The first di
vision marched to the Creek by 9 o'clock in the evening.
The Pennsylvania troops, attached to the Flying Camp, were
to follow ; in all about 1300 men. But the Pennsylvanians
had marched that day from New Brunswick, and were com
pletely exhausted on their arrival. A tremendous thunder
storm, also, came on, making it impracticable to cross the
Sound, and the expedition was reluctantly abandoned. $
Abraham Clark, in the letter to Col. Dayton, Aug. 6th,
referred to above, in givinghim local information, says, of the
militia, —
* Sparks' Washington, III. 463, 8. Irving's Washington, II. 254. Sedgwick's Livingston,
p. 193. t Pa. Journal, No. 1754. Am. Archives, 5th Ser., I. 575.
X Am. Archives, 5th Ser., I. 470. Marshall's Washington, II. 424. Sparks' Washington
IV. 20.

44:0 ' THE HISTORY OF
They form a chain from Elizabeth Town Point, where strong works,
are erected at an amazing expense of labour, chiefly effected by our Mili
tia before the Pennsylvanians arrived to their assistance. (He adds),
Elizabeth Town was in 'great consternation upon General Howe's taking
possession of the Island ; but at present I believe they are very easy. I
formerly informed you that Mrs. Dayton had sent the chief of her goods
into Springfield. Many that moved away from Elizabeth Town have since
returned. Our election for Council and Assembly, Sheriffs, &c, comes on next
Tuesday in all the Counties of New Jersey. I now feel the want of you
in Elizabeth Town. I sat down to consider to whom I might venture to
write on politicks, and have none that I dare speak plainly to. Had you,
or my much esteemed friend Mr. Caldwell, been there, I should have
been flt no los3. I have none like-minded. I have friends, it is true, but
none there now that I dare speak with freedom to.*
The war, brought thus to their very doors, had wrought a
great change in the society of the town. A large number of
the best men of the place had taken up arms, either in the
militia, or in the service of Congress, and so were of uncer
tain residence. Intercourse between families had become
much more reserved, as no one knew at what time he might
be betrayed to the one or the other .party, nor which party
might presently be in the ascendant. "With the vast host of
disciplined troops on Staten Island, the very flower of the
British army, and daily increasing in numbers by the arrival
of reinforcements, the tories had great reason to expect to be
shortly restored to their homes and estates, and in turn to
vex and dispossess their patriot neighbors. It is not strange
that Clark wrote as he did.
Mr. Irving, however, has (undesignedly, no doubt), done
injustice to the town, by inserting, at this point of time, what
Gov. Livingston humorously wrote, Feb. 19, 17S1, more than
seven years later, of " his own village of Elizabethtown, as
being peopled in those agitated times by. ' unknown, unrecom-
mended strangers, guilty-looking tories and very knavish
whigs.": Seven years of war on the frontiers would, ot
course, occasion great revolutions and convulsions in the so
cial fabric of such a locality.f
„„ * ^'tr^T" 5th Bor" L 78S' Mr C^oll, M» P°*tor. had, abouftho 1st of May. ac
companied Col. Dayton to tho North, ns Chaplain of his regiment.
t living's Washington, II. 255. Sedgwiok's Livingston, p. 240.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 441
Notwithstanding the failure of Gen. Mercer's attempt to
invade the Island on the 18th of July, "Washington wrote, on
the 27th, that he was hoping still to " make some efforts to
annoy them " from this direction. But, on the 29th, he in
forms Congress that, —
By the advice of General Mercer and other officers at Amboy, it will
be impracticable to do any thing upon a large scale, for want of craft, as
the enemy have the entire command of the water all round the island. I
have desired General Mercer to have nine or ten flat-bottomed boats built
at Newark Bay and Elizabeth Town, with a design principally to keep
up the communication across Hackinsac and Passaic Rivers.
The plan alluded to contemplated an attack from the
Point, with a force of three thousand nine hundred men, but
boats could not be procured to transport half that number
across the Sound ; and so it was abandoned.*
The militia from Pennsylvania, attached, to the Flying
Camp, and stationed at the Point and its vicinity, soon be
came so disaffected with the service, that " many were daily
returning home without orders," adding greatly to the
gathering gloom that was settling over the town. It became
necessary for Washington to make, Aug. 8th, an earnest
appeal to their patriotism, in order to arrest the move
ment, representing to them " that the fate of our country-
depends, in all human probability, on the exertion of a few
weeks." f
The first battalion of Philadelphia, and the Pennsylvania
Rifle Battalions were, at this time, stationed in the town and
at the Point. A writer at New York, Aug. 26th, says, " Our
people at Elizabeth-Town and the enemy on Staten Island,
cannonaded each other yesterday afternoon [Sunday], with
out doing any damage except disturbing the congregation."^
The foreign mercenaries from, Waldeck, Hesse Cassel, and
Brunswick were now arriving by thousands, their numbers
being greatly exaggerated in the reports that were alarm
ingly spread over the country. Gov. Tryon wrote from Sta
ten Island, Aug. 14th, to Lord Germain, —
The whole armament destined for this part of America, except the
* Sparks' Washington, IV. 19-20. t Ibid., pp. 37-8. X Pa. Journal, Nos. 1755, 1760.

442 THE HISTORY OF
last division of the Hessians, being now assembled here, I expect, by the
courage and strength of this noble Army, tyranny will be crushed and
legal government restored. (15th Aug.) Yesterday evening Sr Peter Par
ker brought into the Hook a Fleet of Twenty five Sail from the South
ward.* These last were the forces that had been ineffectually em
ployed against Charleston, S. C. They numbered three
thousand troops, and were under the command of Lord
Cornwallis.f On the 21st, Gen. Livingston wrote to Gen. "Washington,
that the enemy were in motion ; that he had sent over a spy
the night before, who had returned in safety, and reported,
that 20,000 men had embarked, to make a descent on Long
Island, and ascend the Hudson; that 15,000 Hessians were
to make, at the same time, a diversion at Bergen Point,
Elizabeth Town, and Amboy. Owing to a terrific thunder
storm that came up the same evening, the movement was
postponed to Thursday morning, 22d, when 9000 British sol
diers under Sir Henry Clinton effected a landing at Graves-
end, L. I., without opposition. Others followed subsequently,
and the disastrous battle of Long Island was fought at and
near Flatbush, on the 27th, compelling the American army
to evacuate the Island on the night of the 29th.^
At this date, and before the real nature of the disaster to
the army was fully known to him, Livingston wrote to "Wm.
Hooper of N. O, in Congress, from the " Camp at Elizabeth
Town Point," as follows : —
I removed my quarters from the town hither to be with the men, and
to enure them to discipline, which by my distance from the camp before,
considering what scurvy subaltern officers we are ever like to have while
they are in the appointment of the mobility, I found it impossible to
introduce. And the worst men (was there a degree above the super
lative) would be still pejorated, by. having been fellow-soldiers with that
discipline-hating, goodliving-loving, ' to eternal fame damn'd,' coxcombi
cal crew we lately had here from Philadelphia. My ancient corporeal
fabric is almost tottering under the fatigue I have lately undergone:
constantly rising at 2 o'clock in the morning to examine our lines, — till
daybreak, and from that time till eleven in giving orders, sending de-
* N. T. Col. Docmts., VIII. 0S4. t living's Washington, II. 29S-9.
-. Irvlng's Washington, II. 810—885. Pa. Journal, Aug. 28.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 443
spatches, and doing the proper business of quarter-masters, colonels, com
missaries, and I know not what.*
Two days afterwards, Aug. 31st., Gen. Livingston was
chosen the first Governor of the State of New Jersey. Pre
sently after, he resigned his military command, and entered
upon his executive duties. The command of this post de
volved upon his friend and townsman, Col. Matthias "William
son, who received, a few days" after, from the Legislature,
a commission appointing him Brigadier-General of the New
Jersey Militia. In a letter to the Governor, Sept. 15th, he
gratefully acknowledges the honor, promises that, as far as
his small abilities enable him, he will execute the trust com
mitted to his care with the utmost fidelity, and represents
the importance -of longer terms of militia service and prompt
pay, or "the important posts at the ferries of this Town will
in a great measure be abandoned by our militia." He finds,
also, that the ammunition magazines in this town are very
deficient. A ton of powder was sent, in response to this
communication . f
At the same time, John De Hart, Esq., of this town re
ceived the appointment of Chief Justice of the State, and,
on the 16th gratefully acknowledged the "great honor " con
ferred him, expressed the wish that his " abilities were equal
to that high and important office," and declared, that " such
as they are they shall be exerted to discharge with dignity
and uprightness the very great trust reposed in " him. At
the meeting of the Legislature in January following, the
Governor stated, that De Hart had refused to qualify as
Chief Justice, notwithstanding his letter of acceptance, and
Robert Morris was appointed in his stead4
On Tuesday, Sept. 24th, four transports arrived at this
town, with 420 American soldiers, taken prisoners at Quebec,
the previous winter. They had been liberated on parole.
From a representation made by Gov. Livingston to Congress,
it appears, that while he was in command of this post, so
* Sedgwick's Livingston, pp. 199, 200.
t Am. Archives, 5th Ser., II. 866, 1862. N. J. Eev. Correspondence p. 9.
i % Ibid., p.ill. Mulford's N. J., p. 435.

444 THE HISTORY OF
many prisoners were sent to him from the army, that the
town gaol could not contain them, and he was obliged to
send them to Millstone, Somerset Co. In all its dire aspects,
the people of the town were brought to know by experience
the intense excitements and the awful horrors of war. In
the hospitals here, 82 were reported, Nov. 1st, as sick ; of
whom 25 were from Canada.*
The disastrous campaign on Long Island was followed by
the abandonment, on the part of the American army, of the
city of New York, on Sunday, Sept. 15th, and its occupation
by the British. A large portion of its inhabitants fled into
the interior, and many of them into New Jersey, while the
tories of this section, many of them, made their way as
speedily as possible to the captured city. More and more it
was becoming doubtful, whether the whigs, or tories, would
prevail. It was in this gloomy period of apprehension that
the following letter was written by the Hon. Robert Ogden,
of this town, to his son-in-law, Maj. Francis Barber, in service
with Col. Dayton, at German Flats, N. Y. : —
Eliza Town, Oct. 6, 1776,. Sunday Eves 8 o'clock.
My dear Son, Ms-. Barber,
Through" divine good our family are all in the land of the living, and
we still continue in the old habitation, [on the Point Road] though almost
surrounded by the regulars. They have long been on Staten Island, about
a month on Long Island, three weeks had the possession of New York,
which by the way is, nearly one-fifth of the city burnt to the ground ;
who set it on fire is unknown, but the regulars charge it to the Whigs,
and 'tis said have put several to death on that account, whether just or
unjust the great day will decide.
He then gives some account of the battle, of Long Island,
and the battle near the Blue Bell ; says that he has been sick,
and adds :
Through divine goodness the fever has now left me, but in a continual
hurry, having much more business than a man of my years ought to do,
•but don't at present, know how to avoid it.
In the beginning of my letter I told you we were almost surrounded —
began at Staten Island, and led you round by Long Island, New York,
* Am. Archives, 5th Sor„ II , 5S8, 597, S53.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 445
and Blue Bell. But now come to a very serious part of the story — Our
troops yesterday evacuated Bergen — carried off the stores and artillery,
moved off as many of the inhabitants as they could get away, drew the
wheat and other grain together, and 50 men were left to set fire to it,
and last night it was set on fire, the flames were seen here.
Your Mother * still seems undetermined whether to stay here by the
stuff, or remove up to Sussex. A few days will determine her, but
perhaps in a few days it may be too late to determine a matter of this
importance. Your uncle David [Ogden] and Mother's maxim is " they
that live by faith won't die with fear." It has been a sickly, dying time
in this Town for a' month past. Stephen Crane has lost his wife [Aug.
17, 1776], Daniel Williams his, John Harris his, Benjamin Winans his
Timothy Woodruff his, Sister Ogden, Hannah Ogden [wife of David] has
lost her son Samuel, Mrs. Stubbs is dead, Mr. Noel,t and last night Col.
Dayton's father [Jonathan] died suddenly in his chair, besides a great many
children. Also Aunt Betty Mother Hetfield has been very sick but is
recovered. Robert is and has been very poorly this fall and a great
to his wife and children are moved up to Morris Town, and most of
our gentry are gone off. Matthias' wife [Hannah, daughter of Col. Elias
Dayton] and her granny Thompson are moved up to Springfield. Eriends
in general well. Hannah [his daughter, set. 15,] has been sick but is got
well and is grown considerable this summer, lives at Doct. Caleb Haly-
stead's [his brother-in-law] with her aunt [Mary, wife of Job] Stockton.
Your Mother has been lying for a month past — the old sore ankle —
but the sore is now healed up. Major Morris Hatfield was taken prisoner
on Mountrisse's [Montresor's] Island, and is sent down to New York to
be cured of his wound as he wa3 shot through the cheek.
It is said. Major Hatfield fought valiantly, that he fired his musket 9
times, and the last account of him by our men was, a grenadier was
coming up to him with bayonet fixed to run him through, and they saw
the Major fire, and the grenadier drop at his feet ! I have now done with
my story for this time, having wrote as I generally tell my stories, in a
blundering, unconnected way. However I you would receive this.
Your Mother joins me in tenderest affectionate regards to you, and all
the family desire to be remembei-ed to you and to all friends.
I am yours affectionately Robert Ogden.
The battle of White Plains was fought on the 28th of Oc
tober ; Fort "Washington was taken on the 1 6th of November ;
and Fort Lee evacuated on the 18th. The campaign was
now transferred to the soil of New Jersey. "Washington,
with the fragment of an army, reduced by the expiration oi
* Phebe, eldest daughter of Matthias Hatfleld, Esq.
t Garret Noel, previously bookseller, N. T.; he died, Sep. 22d.

446 THE HISTORY OF
militia enlistments, and the consequent scattering of his forces
to their homes, and utterly unable to obtain new recruits or
levies, was compelled to retire before the vastly superior
troops of the enemy. A slight diversion had been made by
Gen. "Williamson, from the Point, on Staten Island, Sunday,
Oct. 13th ; but it amounted to nothing. The very next day,
Col. Slough's Battalion of Pennsylvania Associators, which
had been stationed here, was discharged to return home, with
the thanks of the General for their decent and orderly be
havior while at the Point, and during the excursion of the
day before. Thus, in every quarter, the patriot army was
melting away.*
In anticipation of the invasion of New Jersey by the enemy,
Gen. "Washington wrote from White Plains, Nov. 7th, to Gov.
Livingston, urging the importance of placing the Jersey mili
tia on the very best footing, and to forward him new re
cruits. He then adds : —
The inhabitants contiguous to the water, should be prepared to remove
their stock, grain, effects, and carriages upon the earliest notice. If they
are not so, the calamities, which they will suffer, will be beyond all de
scription, and the advantages derived by the enemy immensely great.
They have treated all here without discrimination ; the distinction of
Whig and Tory has been lost in one general scene of ravage and desola
tion. The article of forage is of great importance to them, and not a blade
sheuld remain for their use. What cannot be removed with convenience
should be consumed without the least hesitation.
He urges, also, that the barracks here, at Amboy, and at
Brunswick, be put in order " to cover our troops." He in
forms Congress, Nov. 14th, that the army has left the other
side of Hudson's River, and that he intends to quarter them
at Brunswick, Amboy, Elizabeth Town, Newark, and Hacken-
sack. Fort Washington had not then been taken.f
Gen. Williamson at once wrote, Nov. 26, (on hearing of
the capture of Forts Washington and Lee), to the brave and
patriotic Col. Jacob Ford, Jr., of Morris Town, in the most
urgent terms : — * Pennsylvania Journal, No. 1769.'
t Sparks' Washington, IV. pp. 168, 4, 174

•ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 447
You are ordered to bring out all the Militia in your County immediately,
and march them down to Elizabeth Town, and see that each man is fur
nished with a gun, and all his accoutrements, blanket, and four days'
provision, and when they arrive to join their respective companies and
regiments.* Washington had fallen back upon " Aquackanonck," on
the right bank of the Passaic River, Nov. 21st, and, the next
day, fell down to Newark, where he remained unmolested
for six days. The interval was improved by the people of
Newark and Elizabeth Town, in removing their families and
effects beyond the Newark Mountains and the Short Hills,
into the more inaccessible interior. The distress and conster
nation that prevailed all along the expected route of the two
armies can better be conceived than described. It is not
known that a record of it remains. On Thursday morning,
. Nov. 28th, Washington, with the wreck of his army, not more
than 3500 in number, entered the almost deserted town by
the old road from Newark, the advanced guard of Lord
Cornwallis entering the latter town as the rear of the Amer
ican army left it. Pushing on to secure an encampment on
the right bank of the Raritan, so as to be ready to oppose any
troops that might be sent by way of Staten Island to Amboy
for cutting off his retreat, he reached New Brunswick on
Friday ; remaining there but two days, and then, on Sunday,
December 1st, he took up the line of March for Trenton, ar
riving there on Monday morning. Writing from Brunswick,
on Saturday, the 30th, he says,
Prom intelligence received this morning, one division of the enemy
was advanced last night as far as Elizabeth Town, and some of their quar
termasters had proceeded about four or five miles on this side, to provide
barns for their accommodation. Other accounts say another division,
composed of Hessians, are on the road through Springfield, and are re
ported to have reached that place last night, t
Col. Huntington writes, Dec. 2d, from Ramapo to Col.
Heath, that not more than a hundred of the eaemy remained
at Hackensack, and that their main body was at Elizabeth
* Am. Archives, 5th Ser., III. 1121 t Sparks' Washington, IV. 189, 190, 8-5, 200.

448 THE HISTORY OF
Town. A field officer in the British army, on the same day,
wrote to a friend in London, —
The troops under General Lord Cornwallis, after driving the Rebels
from Fort Lee, or Fort Constitution, in New Jersey, proceeded from Hack-
ensack to Newark, and from Newark to Elizabeth Town, where they
found great quantities of stores amongst which are twenty tons of musket
bullets. The Rebels continue flying before our army. *
On the approach of the enemy, Gen. Williamson, with the
militia under his command, retired uj> the country. Writing
from Brunswick, on the 1st, to Gov. Livingston, Washington
says —
I have not, including General Williamson's militia, more than four
thousand men. I wrote to General Williamson last night, and pressed
him to exert himself ; but, I have reason to believe, he has not the confi
dence of the people so much as could be wished.
Gen. Williamson writes from Morris Town, December 8th,
in defence of his apparent inefficiency, as follows : —
Very few of the Counties of Essex and Bergen joined my command.
(I) have it from good intelligence that many who bore the character of
warm Whigs have been foremost in seeking protection from General
Howe and forsaking the American Cause. Colonel Thomas of Essex
County is with us, but has no command of men. ... I can declare before
God, I have worried myself to the heart in endeavouring to serve my
country to the extent of my power. General Mercer is knowing to many
difficulties I laboured under to keep the Militia together while he had the
command at Elizabeth Town. Upon the whole, I am so entirely disabled
from doing my duty in the brigade, by my lameness that I have wrote to
Governor Livingston to request his acceptance of my resignation.!
The difficulties with which he had to contend were not ex
aggerated. The most disheartening was the defection of so
many professed patriots. Washington wrote, on the 5th, to
Congress, By my last advices, the enemy are still at Brunswic ; and the account
adds, that General Howe was expected at Elizabeth Town with a rein
forcement, to erect the King's standard, and demand a submission of this
State. - The next day, 6th, he writes, —
" Am. Arohlves, 5th Ser., III. 1037, 9. t Ibid., p. 1120.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 449
By a letter of the 14th ultimo from a Mr. Caldwell, a clergyman, and
a staunch friend to the cause, who has fled from Elizabeth Town, and
taken refuge in the mountains about ten miles from hence [thence?] I
am informed that General or Lord Howe was expected in that town to
publish pardon and peace. His words are, " I have not seen his procla
mation, but can only say he gives sixty days of grace, and pardons from
the Congress down to the Committee. No one man in the continent
is to be denied his mercy." In the language of this good man, " The
Lord deliver us from his mercy." *
The proclamation by the brothers Howe was issued, on
Saturday, Nov. 30th, the day after the British occupation of
this town. It commanded all persons, who had taken up
arms against his Majesty, to disband and return home ; and
offered to all who should, within sixty days, subscribe a decla
ration, that they would be peaceable subjects, neither taking
up arms themselves, nor encouraging others so to do, a free
-and full pardon for the past. Care was taken to give every
possible publicity to this document, and means, not always
the most gentle, were used to induce subscriptions, f
The people had witnessed, but a day or two before, to
what a sad plight the army of Washington — " the grand
army," that so recently confronted the British forces, — was
reduced, as in tattered array it fled before the enemy to the
Raritan. They were, at that moment, surrounded by the
well-caparisoned troops of Cornwallis, whose squadrons were
spreading themselves over the whole land, and, unresisted,
occupying every town and hamlet. The patriot cause ap
peared to be utterly hopeless. It seemed impossible for Con
gress to retrieve the disasters that, since the fatal field of
Flatbush, had come upon the country. The "Declaration of
Independence " seemed now but an idle boast. It was re
garded as certain, that the authority of King George would
soon be reestablished in all the States. Such was the confi
dent expectation and boast of the Loyalists at New York, on
Long Island, on Staten Island, and in every place occupied
by the British troops. Even the most sanguine of patriots
spake and wrote in the most despondent terms. %
* Sparks' Washington, IV. 204, 5. t Ibid., p. 205. Gordon's Am. Eev., II. 129.
X Irvlng's Washington, II. 446.
29

450 THE HISTORY OF
In these circumstances, it is scarcely to be wondered at, that.
the artifice of Lord Howe and his brother met with very con
siderable success, a3 intimated in Gen. Williamson's letter.
Dr. Ashbel Green observes, —
I heard a man of some shrewdness once say, that when the British
troops overran the State of New Jersey, in the closing part of the year
1776, the whole population could have been bought for eighteen pence a
head.* The main body of the British army was pushed forward
beyond the Raritan towards the Delaware. But a consider
able detachment remained to occupy this post, and to guard
against any surprise from the militia of the interior. Gen.
Charles Lee, with reinforcements for Washington, reached
Chatham, from Peekskill, on the 8th of December, and on
the 11th, from Morris Town, wrote to Gen. Heath, on his
way from Peekskill, that, at Springfield, seven miles west of
Elizabeth Town, ..." about one thousand Militia are collect
ed to watch the motions of the enemy." These were Col.
Ford's troops. They were stationed at the Short Hills, just
back of Springfield, from which point every movement of
the enemy on the plains below could readily be seen. An
eighteen-pounder was planted, subsequently, on the heights
near the residence (iu after days) of Bishop Hobart, to give
the alarm in case of the enemy's approach. A tar-barrel was
fixed at the top of a lofty pole near by, to be set on fire when
the alarm-gun was discharged. These could be heard and
seen over a great extent of country.f
The Rev. Mr. Caldwell had found an asylum for himself
and family at Turkey [New Providence], where he soon put
himself in communication with Col. Ford. His experience,
the previous summer and autumn, at the North, as Chaplain
of Col. Dayton's regiment, enabled him now to be of great
service to his country. Hearing of the arrival of Gen. Lee,
he wrote him on the 12thj as follows :
Dear Sir : I thank you for your favour from Baskingridge, of this morn
ing, and intended to do myself the honour to wait upon you, and set out
* Jones' Life of Eev. D'. Ashbel Green, p. 122.
t Am. Archives, 5th Ser., III. 1107. Jones' Life of D'. Green, p. 96.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 451
for the purpose, but found my horse would not perform the journey with
sufficient expedition, and cannot procure another horse. And indeed I
find this the best place to observe the enemy's motions. From sundry
persons who have been upon the road, between Brunswick and Princeton,
I learn the Army has very generally marched forward ; indeed, all except
guards of the several posts. Yesterday they sent a reinforcement to
Elizabeth Town from Amboy, of near one thousand. Some say the whole
at Elizabeth Town are about one thousand ; others say fifteen hundred.
They are carrying off the hay from Elizabeth Town to New York. ... I be
lieve Elizabeth Town is their strongest post, as they were afraid of our
Militia, who have taken off many of the most active Tories, made some
prisoners, and among others shot their English Foragemaster, so that he
is mortally or very illy wounded. A company of our Militia went last
night to Woodbridge, and brought off the drove of stock the enemy had
collected there, consisting of about four hundred cattle and two hundred
sheep. Most of these cattle are only fit for stock. . . . They are driven up
the country to be out of the enemy's' way.
At a Council of the Field Officers this morning, a majoi'ity of them
advised to remove the brigade of Militia back again to Chatham, for which
they assign these reasons. Many of the Militia, rather fond of plunder
and adventure, kept a continual scouting, which kept out so many detach
ed parties, that the body was weakened; and the enemy being now
stronger 'at Elizabeth Town than they are, they thought they would
better serve the cause by lying at Chatham till the expected army ap
proaches for their support.*
The next morning, 13th, Gen. Lee was captured by a sur
prise-party of the enemy.-|-
General Heath, having reached Hackensack, wrote to
Washington, on the 15th, in respect to the enemy, " Several
thousands landed at Elizabeth Town on yesterday or the day
before." The movement of the troops under Lee and Heath,
and the posting of the militia under Ford, at the Short Hills
had not escaped the eye of Cornwallis. A portion of his
forces, as appears from the following correspondence, were-
ordered to retrace their steps, and look after these Americans.
In the night of the 17th, Ford writes from Chatham to Heath,
by express, and says,
We have since sunset had a brush with the enemy, four miles below this,
in which wTe have suffered, and our Militia much disheartened They are
all retreated to this place and will in all probability be attacked by day
break. The enemy, we have reason to believe, are double our numbers.-
» Am. Archives, 5th Ser., III. 11S9 t Irvlng's Washington, II, 459-63.

452 THE HISTORY OF
If in your wisdom you can assist us, we may possibly beat them yet ; but
without your aid we can't stand. They are encamped (say one thousand
British troops) at Springfield, and will be joined by four hundred and
fifty Waldeckers from Elizabeth-Town, by the next morning's light.
The next day, he again writes to Heath : —
I have certain intelligence that the troops we engaged last night were
General Leslie's brigade, who marched some few days since from Eliza
beth Town to the southard. They received an order to counter-march
to the same place. The brigade is from twelve to thirteen hundred strong
and the Waldeckers upwards of four hundred. At Spanktown. [Rahway],
six miles to the southard of Elizabeth Town, there is five hundred British
troops. This is all the enemy you have to combat in this country at pres
ent. We are not certain whether the enemy who attacked us have or
have not yet returned to Elizabeth-Town.*
Col. Symmes, in a sketch of Col. Oliver Spencer, of this
town, gives a much more detailed account of this transaction :
On the approach of Gen. Lesley's, troops towards Springfield they were
discovered by Maj. Spencer's videts stationed on the western road. Maj.
Spencer instantly despatched a light horseman on full speed four miles
to Chatham, to notify the Colonel commandant, that the enemy, in con
siderable force, were within two miles of Springfield. The brigade were
already under arms, and were ordered instantly to march towards Spring
field to sustain Maj. Spencer ; mean time the Major prudently abandoned
Springfield and retreated towards Chatham — he met the brigade at
Bi'iant's tavern. After Major Spencer had communicated, to the Colonel
commandant, the position of the enemy then occupying Springfield, the
brigade advanced to the attack. Capt. Brookfield, who commanded the
flanking party on the left, made the first onset on the right of the enemy
extending from the Church up the Vauxhall road. Capt. Seely, who
commanded the flanking party on the right, made a warm attack upon
the left of the enemy spread along the Westfield road. The centre of the
enemy occupied the ground in front of, and the meadow behind, Wood
ruff's tavern. The Colonel commandant of the militia supported by Col.
Lindsly on the left and Maj. Spencer, who now commanded the Essex
regiment, on the right, brought the centre of the brigade, retaining their
fire until within pistol-shot of the enemy — the conflict continued about an
hour, when the darkness forbade a longer contest at that time, and the
firing seemed mutually to cease on both sides. On this occasion Major
Spencer displayed by his conduct, the calm but intrepid soldier ; his horse
was shot under him, when, with a S3nile on his countenance, and a pistol
in each hand, ho came up to the Colonel commandant, to inform him that
* Am. Arohlves, 5th Ser., III. 12S5, 1260-1, 1277.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 453
he had been dismounted by the death of his horse. The brigade fell back
that evening only one mile to Briant's tavern — struck up fires and lay all
night on their arms ; intending to make a second attack in the morning.
But in the morning the enemy was not to be found ; he had withdrawn
in tho night with all possible silence, taking off his dead and wounded in
wagons. The militia pursued him to Westfield, but could not come up
with him. This was the first instance in the State of New Jersey, when
the Bi-itish troops turned their backs and fled from those they called
rebels ; and this success, small as the affair was, taught the Jersey militia
that the foe was not invincible.*
Leslie's brigade entered Newark on the morning after the
" brush." Col. Ford, four days afterwards, found his forces
so much scattered, that only about two hundred remained.
Previous to this affair he had done good service, harassing
the enemy, " surprising their guards, and taking their wagons,
stores," &c. Ford was so much exposed and exhausted by
this short campaign, that soon after he was seized with peri-
pneumony, and died on the 11th, at Morris Town, in the 40th
year of his age — eight days before his father, Col. Jacob
Ford, Senr.f
Washington, learning that " about eight hundred militia
had collected " near Morristown, sent, on the 20th of De
cember, Gen. Maxwell, " to take the command of them, and,
if to be done, to harass and annoy the enemy in their quar
ters, and cut off their convoys." Gen. McDougall was, also,
detailed for the same purpose. The state of affairs, the same
day, at Elizabeth Town is thus reported from Chatham : —
John Halstead left Elizabeth Town this morning at eight o'clock.
Says there is no troops in Elizabeth Town but Waldeckers, the same that
has been there for two weeks past. Says the drums beat this morning,
about day-break, and he understood they were to have marched ; but that
they did not, and the reason why, as he understood, was the badness 01
the weather. Knows not which way they were to march, but it is said
they were to have a little march out o' town ; that he thinks six or seven
hundred British troops went through town the day before yesterday, near
twelve o'clock towards Newark, and that they have not as yet returned.!
On the morning of Thursday, the 26th of December,
* N. J. Journal, No. 4686.
t Am. Archives, 5th Ser., III. 1299, 1365, 1419. Morris Town BUI of Mortality, p. 29.
X Spark's Washington, IV. 239, 249. Am. Archives, 5th Ser., III. 1316.

454 THE HISTORY OF
Washington surprised and captured 918 Hessians at Trenton,
parts of Anspach's, Rahl's, and Kniphausen's regiments,
with the .loss of only four wounded. This brilliant manoeuvre
completely turned the tide of affairs. The British, who be
lieved themselves masters of the country, and scouted the
idea of any opposition, were painfully roused from their rev
eries, and began to be alarmed for their safety. The Amer
icans, on the other hand, were electrified with delight, and
inspired with new life.
On the 30th, at Trenton, Washington wrote to Maxwell,
to collect as large a force as possible at Chatham, " and, after
gaining the proper intelligence, endeavour to strike a stroke
upon Elizabeth Town or that neighborhood," instructions
that Maxwell prepared at once to carry out.
Following up his advantages, Washington once more
crossed the Delaware, passed around the British at Trenton,
marched forward by night, surprised and captured Princeton
on the morning of January 3d, 1777, and then took post for
two or three days, at Pluckemin, in Somerset Co., a few
miles below Baskingridge ; thus compelling the British com
mander to evacuate all his posts beyond New Brunswick,
and provide, by a concentration of his forces, for the safety
of his stores, at the latter place. On Monday, the 6th,
Washington removed to Morris Town, to give his wearied
troops some rest, and to watch the panic-stricken foe.*
Gen. Sir Wm. Howe writes, from New York, Jan. 5, 1777,
that " Lord Cornwallis returned with his whole force to
Brunswick, and the troops at the right being assembled at
Elizabeth Town, Major General Vaughan has that com
mand, f
Taking advantage of the consternation of the enemy, and
the advance of the American army, Gen. Maxwell, with the
militia under his command, came down from the Short
Hills, compelled the British to evacuate Newark, had a brush
with them at Springfield, drove them out of Elizabeth Town,
and fought them at Spank Town [Rahway] a couple of hours.
* Irving's Washington, II. 600-18. Dr. Tomos' Battles of Am., I. 42S-S3,
t Parliamentary Register, XI. 876,

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 455
Of these movements, a meagre record only is preserved.
Washington writes to Congress, on the 7th, from Morris
Town, —
There have'been two or three little skirmishes between their parties and
some detachments of the militia, in which the latter have been success
ful and made a few prisoners. The most considerable was on Sunday
morning [5th] when eight or ten Waldeckers were killed and wounded,
and the remainder of the party, thirty nine • or forty, made prisoners,
with the officers, by a force not superior in number and without receiv
ing the least damage.*
This was at Springfield. The troops were led by Maj.
Oliver Spencer, and for his bravery on this occasion he was
presently after promoted to a colonelcy. Three days later,
(8th), our forces recovered possession of this post : —
Philadelphia, Jan. 16, 1777. Our army marched from Pluckemin and
arrived at Morris Town on the sixth. Gen. Maxwell with a considerable
body of Continental troops and militia, having marched towards Elizabeth
Town, sent back for a reinforcement, which having joined him, he ad
vanced and took possession of the town, and made prisonei-s fifty Wal
deckers and forty Highlanders, who were quartered there, and made prize
of a schooner with baggage and some blankets on board. About the same
time one thousand bushels of salt were secured by our troops at a place
called Spank Town, about five miles from Woodbridge, where a party of
our men attacked the enemy at that place, they sent for a reinforcement
to Woodbridge, but the Hessians absolutely refused to march, having
heard we were very numerous in that quarter. The English troops at
Elizabeth Town would not suffer the Waldeckers to stand centry at the
outposts, several of them haviog deserted and come over to us.
Another acconnt, dated, Trenton, January 9th, says, —
A regiment of British troops at Spank Town, six miles below Eliza
beth Town, was attacked on Sunday by .1 party of Jersey militia ; the
encounter continued about two hours. Two regiments marched up from
Woodbridge and Amboy to reinforce the enemy ; and thus saved them.t
Still another account says, Jan. 9th, —
The enemy have abandoned Elizabeth Town. Our people have entered
it and taken thirty Waldeckers and fifty Highlanders, and about thirty bag
gage waggons fully loaded. The enemy who had all the Jerseys, are
now only in possession of Amboy and Brunswick.!
* Sparks' Washington, IV. 264. Gordon's N. J., p. 238.
t Almon's Eemembvancer, V. 70, 1, 2-4, X Moore's Diary of Am. Eev., I. 373.

456 THE HISTORY OF
General Sir Wm. Howe writes, on the 17th, from New
York, —
The enemy still continuing in force at Morris Town, and in that neigh
borhood, and receiving daily reinforcements from the eastern militia,
Major General Vaughan, with the corps he had at Elizabeth Town, is
removed to Amboy.*
In Congress, March 23, 1778, it was " Ordered, That a
warrant issue on the treasurer in favour of James Norris, for
1527-f-g- dollars, in full payment of his capture from the ene
my on the 9th of Jan. 1777, at Elizabeth-town, in N. Jersey,
which was disposed of to the army of the United States." f
At this time, occurred the following : It is related of Capt.
Eliakim Littell, of this town, "a partisan of great merit,"
and of " remarkably fine and imposing personal appear
ance : " —
On the day that the British force abandoned Newark, which they had
occupied as a garrison, and marched to Elizabeth Town, a company of
Yaldeckers was dispatched on some particular service towards the Con-
:ecticut Farms. Littell and his followers speedily discovered and fol
lowed them. Dividing his small force into two bodies he placed one
ambush in the rear, and, appearing in front with the other, demanded an
immediate surrender. The Germans wished to retrograde, but, meeting
with the party expressly concealed to impede their retreat, and briskly
assailed in front, surrendered without firing a gun. The British general,
exasperated by their capture, ordered out a body of Hessians to revenge
the affront; but the supei-ior knowledge of Littell and his associates
enabling them to goad the enemy at various points with spirited attacks,
without any great degree of exposure, they were also driven into a swamp
and compelled to surrender to inferior numbers. Mortified beyond meas
ure at this second discomfiture, a troop of horse were ordered out ; but
they in tt3rn were routed, and were only more fortunate than those that
preceded them, by being able, by the rapid movement of their horses, to
escape pursuit. A tory, to whom a considerable reward was offered for
the performance of the service, now led 300 men to the house of Capt.
Littell, who, believing he was securely pent up within, oommenced a
heavy discharge of musketry upon it from all sides. The Captain, how
ever, was not to be so easily entrapped, and while they were making
• preparations to storm the deserted dwelling, they were attacked in the
rea3-, being previously joined by another body of volunteers, and driven
with precipitation from tho field. Littell in the interim, with a part of
* Parliamentary Eoglster, XI. 376. t Journals, IV. 122.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 457
his force, had formed an ambuscade along a fence side, and perceiving the
enemy slowly approaching, leveled and discharged his piece, and the
oommander fell. The British, unable, from the darkness of the night,
to make any calculation with regard to the number of their opposers,
were intimidated, and sought safety in flight.*
Some allowance should be made for rhetorical embellish
ments in these statements. The numbers, it is quite likely,
are somewhat exaggerated. Yet this may be taken as a
specimen of the kind of warfare, that for several months, at
this period, was prosecuted by the militia of this town and
vicinity. At this period, it will be borne in mind, the town
included nearly the whole of the present Union County — the
towns of Union, Springfield, New Providence, Westfield,
Plainfield, Rahway, Linden, and Clark, having since been
organized out of the ancient territorial domain of Elizabeth
Town. When Mr. Caldwell and his people returned to their homes
the second week of January, 1777, from their exile of six
weeks, they found everything in ruins — their houses plun
dered, their fences broken down and consumed, their gardens
laid waste, their fields an open common, and their records,
both private and public, destroyed. The outrages committed
by the ruthless foe, British and Hessian both, during this
short occupation, were a disgrace to human nature. Fore
most among those, who wreaked their vengeance upon the
patriots, were their former tory neighbors. Many of these
had, a twelve-month before, consulted their own safety by
taking refuge on Staten Island, and subsequently at New
York. When the town was occupied, Nov. 30th, by the
British army, the most of these tories returned to their old
homes, and took every opportunity to assert their importance,
to retaliate upon the opposite party the injuries that they had
endured, and to single out the Whigs as marks of brutal in
dignities and violence-f
it was the deep sense of these grievous wrongs, that roused
the whole population against their brutal invaders ; so that,
* Garden's Anecdotes of the Eev. War, 2d Ser., p. 210. Barber's N. J. His. Coll., pp. 184-5.
t Barber's His. CoU. ofN. J., pp. 188-4. See, also, Eemembrancer, IV, 307; V. 77, 154
358-7. Am. Museum, (Carey's) IV. 236. Sparks' Washington, IV. 278.

458 THE HISTORY OF
although Washington, at Morris Town, found great difficulty
in gathering an enlisted army, the British, on the Raritan,
were so hemmed in, that they could obtain forage for their
horses and cattle, and supplies for their army, only at the
point of the bayonet. Every foraging party, venturing but
a few miles into the country on either side of their lines, was
sure to be attacked by some partisan leader, like Capt. Littell,
and his band, or by the brave Maxwell with his militia, and
seldom returned to camp without loss. Washington says,
Jan. 20th, — " Within a month past, in several engagements
with the enemy, we have killed, wounded, and taken prison
ers between two and three thousand men." *
The timid souls, who had taken protections from the British
General, now found themselves in a position of great diffi
culty. General Maxwell, the post commandant, in accord
ance with Gen. Washington's proclamation, required all who
would not take the oath of allegiance, to take themselves and
their families off immediately to the enemy. They demanded
the privilege of remaining till the thirty days were expired.
Maxwell wrote for further instructions. Washington replied,
on the 12th of February as follows :
These fellows at Elizabeth Town, as well as all others, who wish to
remain with us, till the expiration of the thirty days, for no other purpose
than to convey intelligence to the enemy, and poison our people's minds,
must and shall be compelled to withdraw immediately within the enemy's
lines ; others, who are hesitating which side to take, and behave friendly
to us till they determine, must be treated with lenity. Such as go over
to the enemy are not to take with them any thing but their clothing and
farniture. Their horses, cattle and forage must be left behind. Such as
incline to share our fate are to have every assistance afforded them, that
can be granted with safety. Neither wagons nor horses must be too
much hazarded in doing this business. The effects of all persons in arms
against us must be seized and secured. t
The lines were now effectually drawn, and every man was
compelled to show his colors. The young men, or " fellows,"
as Washington calls them, most probably went over to the
enemy, and became partisan soldiers of the most malignant
* Sparks' Washington, IV. 2S7. Hall's Civil War In America, pp. 269-71.
tjpparks' Washington, IV. 297-S, 819-21.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 459
type, spies, scouts, and guides to the British, inflicting sub
sequently no small injury upon their kindred and former
friends'. It was a hard case ; as the line ran, in some instan
ces, between parents and their children, as well as between
brothers and sisters.*
The enemy had been driven out of the town on the 8th of
January, but they remained still in the neighborhood. They
occupied Perth Amboy, and ranged at will over the greater
part of Woodbridge, separated from this town only by the
Rahway River. The situation of the inhabitants, therefore,
during the first half of the year 1777, was exciting enough.
They lived continually in the midst of alarms. Gen. Sullivan
was in command below the range of hills on the West, while
Maxwell held the town. Their troops were continually
moving from Chatham and Springfield, or from Westfield
and Scotch Plains, watching for opportunities to cut off the
foraging parties, or pick up the scouts of the enemy. Skir
mishes, more or less severe, were of almost daily occurrence.
Several actions took place in January, February and
March, just beyond the southern line of this town, a few
miles only to the south ; and, in the most of them, the
soldiers of this post participated. The people here had their
full share, during this period, of " the pomp and circum
stance of war," and were not without considerable appre
hension constantly of having the war brought once more to
their very doors.-f-
The following notices are copied from a tory journal: —
Last Thursday Week (Feb. 27th), Major Tympany crossed from Staten
Island to Elizabeth Town, with about sixty men, when he was attacked
by a Body of the Rebels, two or three of whom were killed on the spot,
and four or five taken Prisoners. The Major returned safe, without hav
ing a Man hurt, and brought with him ten Head of Cattle.
Last Friday (June 13th) a' Party of about twelve Men went from Staten-
Island to Elizabeth Town Point, when they were fired upon by the Rebels
but they soon put them to flight, killed one and wounded three more, and
brought off a new flat-bottomed Boat sufficient to hold a hundred men •
* Sparks' Washington, IV. 298-9. N. J. Eev. Correspondence, p. 26.
t Eemembrancer, V. 79, 80, 88, 9S, 186, 177-8, 221, 260-1. Hall's Civil War in America
p. 274. Whitehead's Amboy, pp. 340, 1, 3, 4.

460 THE HISTORY OF
By one of our People's Pieces going off through Carelessness, Peter Kings-
land was shot in the Head, of which wound he died immediately.*
The campaign in East Jersey was brought to a close on the
30th of June. The British evacuated New Bruswick, on Sun
day, the 22d of June, retiring to Perth Amboy. On Thurs
day morning, 26th, they advanced in force, from Amboy, as
far as Westfield, under the command of Sir William Howe,
and Lord Cornwallis. On the way, the advance of the latter
fell in with Col. Daniel Morgan's Corps of Rangers, at Wood-
bridge, with whom a hot contest was kept up for half an hour,
at the expense of a considerable number of men. At Scotch
Plains, a severe engagement ensued with the troops under
Lord Stirling, who were obliged, being greatly inferior in
numbers, to fall back to the heights in the rear, with the loss
of a few men and three cannon. At Westfield, perceiving
the passes on the left of Washington's Camp to be strongly
guarded, and no prospect of getting into his rear, as was con
templated, the enemy encamped for the night, after a burn
ing hot day. Here they remained until 3 o'clock P. M. of
Friday, when they marched to Rahway, closely followed, and
assailed, in the rear and on the flanks, by Scott's light horse,
and Morgan's rangers. The next day they returned to Am
boy, still followed as on the previous day. Here they rested
on the Sabbath, and the next day, Monday, June 30th, they
left, a part crossing over to Staten Island on a bridge of boats ;
and another part embarking on board of 270 transports,
which filled the harbor, and sailed away on the 23d of July.f
Thus, after seven months' occupation, and a vast expendi
ture of resources, after a vain attempt to penetrate to Phila
delphia, and to bring the war to a speedy end, the great army
of invasion, having been for nearly six months restricted to
the line of the Raritan River, was compelled wholly to evac
uate the State, to the disgrace and chagrin of their leaders,
and the bitter disappointment of the whole tory faction.
* Gaines' Mercury, Nos. 1824, 1838.
t Sparks' Washington, IV. 470-6. Pa. ledger, No. 102. N. Y. Gazette, No. 2. Eemom-
brancer, V. 260, 3. Moore's Diary, I. 449-52. Graham's Life of Morgan, pp. 125-8. Hall's
Civil War in America, p. 292. Irvlng's Washington, III. 126.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 461

CHAPTER XXI.
A.D. 1777-1780.
Forays from S. Island — N. J. Volunteers — Sullivan invades S. Island • — British
Incursion — Dickinson invades S. Island — Exchange of Prisoners — Confis
cation — London Trading — Great Privations — Spies — Forays — Battle of
Monmouth — Maxwell in command here — Sale of Confiscated Estates — Ex
pedition of Sir Chas. Grey — Lord Stirling stationed here — Flags of Truce
— Washington at E. T. — Plots against Gov. Livingston — Invasion of the
Town — Burning of the Barracks, Parsonage and Academy — Livingston's
Correspondence with Sir Henry Clinton — Continental currency — Trouble
in the Camp — Case of Mrs. Chandler — Troops rpacified — Forays of S.
Islanders — Negro Panic — Col. Dayton iD command here — Severe Winter
— Great Snow Storm — Sufferings of Troops — N. Y. Harbor closed with solid
Ice — Lord Stirling invades S. Island — Refugees invade E. T. and burn the
Court House and Presb. Chb. — The Incendiary — Old "Red Store House"
— Gen. St. Clair, and then Baron De Kalb in command here — Forays from
S. Island.
The first Anniversary of the Declaration of Independence
found the old Borough freed from the harassing fears, which,
for months, had deprived its people of peace. The enemy,
so long encamped in force on its southern border, had now
wholly departed. They were in force still on Staten Island ;
but the broad waters of " the Sound " were an effectual bar
rier against any surprise or sudden invasion. It became ne
cessary, however, to be constantly on the watch, and to keep
up a competent force, to patrol and guard every accessible
point along the shore. A letter written from the New Blaz
ing Star on Staten Island, to a tory friend in New York,
July 20, 1777, says,—
On the Night of the 19th Instant, two of the Rebel Light Horse de
serted from Elizabeth Town. They belonged to Dr. Barnet's Company,
and inform, that there is two Battalions, consisting of two hundred

462 THE HISTORY OF
Men each, under the command of Matthias Ogden and Elias Dayton,
stationed at Newark and Elizabeth Town ; that the Men are very badly
cloathed, and almost all barefoot.*
The necessity of vigilance appears from such notices as the
following, written Aug. 18, 1777 :
Last Thursday Evening [14th] a Party of the New Jersey Volunteers,
went over to Crane's Ferry, near Elizabeth Town Point, and brought off
three of the Militia without firing a Gun.t
These " New Jersey Volunteers " were stationed on Staten
Island.- They were composed of Loyalists from this State,
who had adhered from the first to the British, or had availed
themselves of Howe's Proclamation of Nov. 30, and taken
"protection papers." They were under the command of
Gen. Cortlandt Skinner, who succeeded Robert Ogden as
Speaker of the Legislature in 1765.
A detachment of this corps, 63 in number, under the com
mand of Major Richard V. Stockton, "the famous land
pilot," of Princeton, and son-in-law of Joseph Hatfield of
this town, was captured at Lawrence's Island, Feb. 18, 1777.
The refugees from this town connected themselves mostly
with this corps, and became, in the progress of the war, a
source of great annoyance to their patriotic kinsmen and
former neighbors.:]:
Measures were devised by Col. Matthias Ogden, the officer
in command at Elizabeth Town, in conjunction with General
Sullivan, who had been left by Washington in command of
a continental force beyond the Short Hills, to punish these
renegade disturbers of the peace. Col. Dayton's regiment
from Newark was called in, to take part in the enterprise,
with a hundred militia of the town. Sullivan selected, from
Small wood's and De Borre's brigades, a thousand men, and
marched, at two o'clock P. M., on Thursday, the 21st of
August, from Hanover, 14 miles to Elizabeth Town, arriving
in the evening, when they halted a short time for rest. At
10 o'clock P. M., they moved down to Halstead's Point, near
* Gaines' Moroury, No. 1844. + Ibid., No. 1347.
$ Fa. Journal, No. 1778. Sparks' Washington, IV. 826. Sabine's Loyalists, pp. 615, 684.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 463
the mouth of Morse's Creek, where they crossed over to the
Island. Dayton and Ogden, with their commands, and Col.
Field, with the militia, crossed at the Old Blazing Star. The
New Jersey Volunteers were posted in small detachments,
along the shore of the Island, from Decker's Ferry to the
point opposite Amboy, about fifteen miles. Ogden and
Dayton fully and successfully carried out their part of the
programme. Lt. Cols. Lawrence and Barton were captured,
with 130 privates ; also a British shallop, in which the pri
soners were sent over to this side. But Sullivan's command,
having been deceived by their guide, lost heavily, in conse
quence of the rear detachments being disappointed in ob
taining boats to return by the Old Star Ferry. These losses
more than compensated the advantages obtained by Cols.
Ogden and Dayton.*
Immediately after, Sullivan, with the troops under his com
mand, was ordered to join the main army at Wilmington,
Del. A small force only was left, in this quarter, to guard the
long line of coast, exposed to the depredations of the enemy.
An invasion of the State, by Clinton, at E. Town Point,
and other places, Sep. 12th, showed the necessity of keeping
here a larger body of troops, to be ready for such emergen
cies. Gen. Dickinson writes to Washington, from this town,
Sept. 20th,—
Your Excellency will be much surprised to hear that there are not
more than one thousand of our militia now embodied, all of which are at
this post. I shall order all the guards called in before day, and march
with the utmost expedition, the routes directed. I have ordered General
Wines to collect and march his brigade to this post with all despatch.!
Four days after, on Thursday, Sep. 24th, a reinforcement
of about three thousand British and foreign troops, from
Europe, arrived at New York. Dickinson was then on his
way to join Washington, in the vicinity of Philadelphia ;
* Pa. Journal, No. 1806. Eemembrancer, V. 488-5. Sparks' Washington, V. 47. Gordon's
Eev. War, 220-2, 8. Moore's Diary, I. 482-6. Marshall's Washington, III. 135-7. Gordon's
N. J., pp. 246-7. Irving's Washington, III. 195.
t Eivington's Gazette, No. 155. Eemembrancer, V. 420. Hall's Civil War in America
p. 325. Gordon's Eev. War, II. 236. Gordon's N. J., p. 252. SpBrks' Washington, V. 64.
Sparks' Correspondence of the Eevolntion, I. 434.

464 THE HISTORY OF
but this event compelled him to retrace his steps, with a part
of his troops, sending on the remainder, 600, in command of
Gen. Forman, and once more take post at this town. Writ
ing to Washington, from this place, Nov. 1st, he informs him
that there are not more than one hundred militia from West
Jersey at this post, that the reports of his intended march to
Red Bank on the Delaware had lessened the number of his
troops, and that Gen. Winds, who had gone on an expedition
to New Windsor, on the North River, had not yet returned.
He suggests an expedition against Staten Island, and says, —
" I have boats now ready to transport five hundred men at
a time, and could increase my present numbers (about six
hundred men) to twelve hundred men upon such an oc
casion.'" *
The Americans, at this time, were in high spirits. Tidings
had come, nine or ten days before, of Gates' victory, Oct.
7th, at Stillwater, near Saratoga, and of the surrender of
Burgoyne's army, Oct. 17th. The news created a great and
joyful excitement in this town; salutes were fired, bonfires
kindled, and, as Rivington's lying Chronicle reports, " rum
was given to the rabble." +
Gaines says, Nov. 24, 1777, —
We hear that orders have been sent to a Place called Westfield, a few
miles from Elizabeth Town, in New Jersey, for the Inhabitants of that
Place to prepare Quarters for a large Body of Men, and to cut down five
hundred Cords of Fire Wood. . . . On Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and
Friday last (18-21) Parties of Rebels landed on Staten Island from Eliza
beth Town, but wei-e as often beaten off." f
These " Parties " were, probably, employed in this way to
keep the enemy from learning the object of the encampment
at Westfield. Dickinson, having obtained the consent of
Washington, was preparing for an invasion of Staten Island.
Volunteers were called in, and a force gathered, (with those
on duty at this post), of fourteen hundred men. He designed,
if possible, to surprise Skinner's corps of Provincials, sta
tioned along the Western shore of the Island, and capture '
* Gordon's Eev. War, II. 252. Gordon's N. J., pp, 250, 2. Sparks' Correspondence of the
Kev., II, 22, 8. t Eiv. Gazette, No. 140. X Gaines' Mercury, No. 1361.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 465
them. For this purpose, early in the morning of Thursday,
Nov. 27th, he embarked at Halstead's Point, effected a land
ing in three divisions, on the opposite shore, and marched
seven miles to a rendezvous, hoping to get in the rear of the
Provincials, and cut them off. The utmost secrecy had been
observed, his own officers not having been apprised of the
object until eight o'clock of the evening before. Skinner,
however, got word of it, at three o'clock in the morning, and
made good his retreat. On arriving at the rendezvous, the
Americans found Gen. Campbell in force with artillery, and
two war vessels to cover the fortifications. Disappointed in
his plans, Dickinson returned in good order, five or six of
the tory .brigade having been slain, and 24 taken prisoners.
The troops were eight hours on the Island. In the skirmish,
they lost three men taken prisoners, and fourteen were
slightly wounded. With this exception, they got back,
" without the loss of man, horse, or boat." *
A few days before this occurrence, (20th), Abraham Clark
and Elias Boudinot were elected to Congress. Mr. Boudinot
had served, since his appointment by Congress, June 6th,
1777, as Commissary General of Prisoners. This town thus
became, during the greater part of the war, the head-quar
ters for negotiations respecting the exchange of prisoners ;
and hither large numbers, officers and men, from both sides,
were sent, for this purpose. Mr. Boudinot, however, con
tinued in service until his successor, Major John Beatty, was
appointed, May 28th, 1778, and did not take his seat in Con
gress until July 7th, 1778. +
Through the instigation and artifices principally of the
refugees, some of their old neighbors and associates, who still
retained their residence and property in the town, were
induced to carry on an illicit trade with S'taten island, of
which Gov. Livingston, who had been reelected, Nov. 1st,
writing to Washington, Nov. 21, 1777, uses this forcible and
indignant language : —
* Sparks' Correspondence of the Eev., II. 49-51. Sparks' Washington, V. 174, 183. Eiv-
ington's Gazette, No. 145. Gordon's N. J., p. 255.
t Gordon's N. X, p. 824. Mulford's N. J., p. 444.
30

466 THE HISTORY OF
This evil instead of being checked, has grown to so enormous a height,
that the enemy, as I am informed, is plentifully supplied with fresh pro
visions, and such a quantity of British manufactures brought back in
exchange, as to enable the persons concerned to set up shops to retail
them. The people are outrageous, and many of our officers threaten to
resign their commissions.*
This traffic was called " London trading," and all who
engaged in it were regarded as enemies of their country,
and, when discovered, subjected to severe penalties. It was
carried on mostly by night ; and so secretly, as almost always
to evade detection. The possession of British gold was
looked upon as prima facie evidence of complicity in the
contraband business.
The extent to which private property in the town, espe
cially in the absence of the owners, had suffered by military
occupation, appears from what one of Gov. Livingston's
daughters wrote, Nov. 29, 1777 : —
Kate has been at Eliz.-Town ; found our house in a most ruinous situa
tion. Gen. Dickinson had stationed a captain with his artillery company
in it, and after that it was kept for a bullock's guard. Kate waited on the
General, and he ordered the troops removed the next day, but then the
mischief was done ; every thing is carried off that mamma had collected
for her accommodation, so that it is impossible for her to go down to
have the grapes and other things secured ; the very hinges, locks, and
panes of glass, are taken away.t
The year 1778, was unusually barren of incident, so far
as the history of this town is concerned. The people were
permitted to dwell at home, undisturbed by the visits of the
hated and dreaded foe. The military occupation was con
tinued throughout the year, and the utmost vigilance was
required in guarding against invasion from Staten Island.
During a portion of the winter, one half of the male adults
were required to be always on duty, and ready, at a moment's
warning, to take the field.;):
It was reported in New York, June 3, 1778, that " great
numbers of fiat-bottomed boats " were then building and old
ones repairing at Bound Brook, Elizabeth-Town, and Newark,
* Scdgwtok's Livingston, pp. 245, 6. t Ibid., p. 246.
X Elvington's Gazette, No. 154.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 467
in New Jersey. A few days after, Gaines published the
following : —
The Rebels made an attempt on the Piquet Guard on Staten Island
last Tuesday night, [June 9th], but were beat off, the Particulars of which
are as follows, viz. —
About one o'clock the Rebels began a heavy Cannonade, from their
Works at Elizabeth Town Fort, and soon after attempted to land, in a
Number of Flat Boats, upon Staten Island, between the Blazing Star and
Burnt Island ; but finding the Provincial Troops stationed at that Place,
were alarmed, and prepared to give them a proper Reception, they re
turned to the Jersey shore, and remained quiet till about four o'clock the
same^Morning, when they again made their Appearance in ten Boats,
each supposed to contain one hundred Men, and attempted to land at the
same Place, under cover of the Fire from their Batteries and a continued
Discharge of Small Arms from the Boats ; but they were so' vigorously
opposed by General Skinner's Brigade, that they were obliged to make a
final and disgraceful Retreat.*
The New Jersey Gazette gives an entirely different version
of the affair, in reply to Gaines' article. The ten boats with
a hundred men in each dwindle down to three boats with
about fifty men ; but one landing was made, or attempted ;
they marched half a mile into the interior, when they were
discovered ; on which they fired and the Provincials ran
away. The party then returned to their boats, and when
they had nearly reached this side, were fired upon. So con
flicting were the statements in respect to these incursions, it
is often perplexing to arrive at the exact truth. f
Occasional encounters with the enemy were occurring, of
which the following, as related by a tory paper of the 29th,
is a specimen : —
Last Wednesday Night [24th] Captain Randle, from Elizabeth Town,.
came over to Staten -Island with a Pa3-ty of abot3t fourteen Men and fired
upon some of the Militia that were on Guard, wounded Mr. Richard Con
nor in the Arm, and one Ashar Tappen in the Leg, but neither danger
ously. The Militia pursued the Party, but they got into their Boat in a
great Hurry and made for the Jersey shore with all expedition.!
The next Sunday, 28th, the battle of Monmouth was fought, .
* Eivington's Gazette, No. 175. Gaines' Mercury, No. 1390.
t N. Jersey Gazette, No. 80., t Gaines' Mercury, No. 1392.

468 THE HISTORY OF
in which the Jersey brigade under Maxwell, and the militia
under Dickinson, did signal service, having previously been
detached to annoy the rear and flanks of the British on their
route through New Jersey. In this action, Lieut.-Col. Bar
ber, (who had received the appointment, in April, of brigade
Inspector, and, on the 24th of March, had been married " to
Miss Nancy Ogden, of Elizabeth Town, a Lady of beauty
and merit "), was wounded by a musket ball, which passed
through the right of his body, but, happily, not mortally.
The British, after their defeat, made good their escape by
Sandy Hook, on the 5th of July, whence they were dis
tributed in three divisions, one on Staten Island, one on Long
Island, and the other in New York.
The presence of so large a force, on Staten Island, com
pelled Washington, in the arrangement of his forces, to order
the Jersey Brigade under Gen. Maxwell, " to take post in the
neighborhood of Elizabeth Town," to guard against invasion
and foraging.*
Again this post became headquarters for flag-boats and
exchanges. A large number of prisoners had been captured
from the British on their route through the State. "Thurs
day last," 16th, says Rivington, "upwards of seven hundred
Rebel prisoners were sent from here [N. York] to Elizabeth
Town to be exchanged for an equal number of British and
Hessians." A corresponding notice appears, on the 15th, in
the N. J. Gazette; also, on the 21st of August, 20th of
October, and 8th of November. Col. Ethan Allen was sent
here in May previously for the same purpose.f
A corporal and a private, who had ventured over to Staten
Island from this post, were captured, July 21st ; and, by way
of reprisal, a party from this town went over to the Island
on the night of the 5th of August, and carried off Mr. Bunnell,
Barrack Master, who was released on parole four days after
wards.^: Measures, long contemplated, but for prudential reasons
* N. J. Gazette, Nos. 19, 31. Irvlng's Washington, III. 425-437. Sparks' Washington
V.' 422-9. t Eiv. Gazotte, No. 1S8. N, J. Qazette, Nos. 88, 46, 49.
X Eiv. Gazette, No. 190. Gaines' Moroiiry,No. 1412.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 469
deferred, were now taken, looking to the confiscation of the
property of those who had deserted their country and espoused
the cause of the Royalists. Several had gone over during
the spring and summer of 1778. The following advertise
ment was not made public until Nov. 14th, on which day it
was dated at Elizabeth Town : —
At an inferior court of Common Pleas held for the county of Essex, on
the 15th day of September last, were returned inquisitions for joining the
army of the King of Great Britain, and other treasonable practices, found
against Cavilear Jewit, Ichabod Best Barnet, William Luce, John Smith
Hetfield, Job Hetfield, Abel Hetfield, Broughton Reynolds, Richard Miller,
John Willis, Jacob Tooker, James Hetfield, James Frazee, Samuel Oliver,
James Moore, Jonathan Oliver, Samuel Smith, John Stites, jun., Daniel
Moore, John Morse, Isaac Stanbury, Thomas Burrows and John Folker.
At a later date, Feb. 17, 1779, final judgment was entered
against all of these persons, except Job and Abel Hetfield,
Jacob Tooker, and John Stites, jun., and their estates sold at
auction.* Gaines says, October 5th, —
We learn that the Militia of New Jersey was collecting fast, there being
in and about Elizabeth Town and Woodbridge, not less than two thousand
Men under the command of General Maxwell.
Last Friday [2d] a large Body of Militia and some Continental Troops
marched from Woodbridge, Elizabeth Town, &c, under the command of
the Generals Maxwell and Heard for Hackinsack.t
These movements were occasioned by a feint of the enemy,
and an invasion of Bergen Co. Lord Stirling, at Aquacka-
nonk, on the 13th, sends word to Col. Elias Dayton, that " the
moving off of the British troops enables him to order Col.
Dayton, with his two regiments, to march to Elizabeth Town
the next morning." Two days afterwards, on the 15th, Lord
Stirling himself repaired to this towji, and made it his head
quarters, for the remainder of the year.:]:
The following order was issued, Oct. 28, 1778 : —
No Flag from the enemy shall be received at any post or place within
* N. J. Gazette, Nos. 50, 64.
+ Sparks' Washington, VI. 75. Gaines' Mercury, No. 1407.
X Anal. Index of N. J. Doc, p. 456. Duer's Stirling, p. 204. Hist. Mag., II. 321-4.

470 THE HISTORY OF
this State, except at Elizabeth Town Point, without a special permission
for that purpose from the Governor, or Commanding Officer of the troops
of the United States in New Jersey.*
On this subject, Washington says, Jan. 11, 1779, —
r It was absolutely necessary, that the open and fi-ee intercourse with
New York, which I found prevailing on my arrival at Elizabeth Town,
the 1st of December, should be restrained ; and I gave positive orders to
General Maxwell to suffer no pei-son to pass, unless permission should be
previously obtained from the governors of the respective States, or my
self; and I requested Governors Livingston and Reed to fix on the first
day of every month for this purpose, to which they readily acceded.t
In his reply to this request of Washington, Livingston says,
Dec. 21st.,—
Of all those who have applied to me for recommendations to the com
manding officer at Elizabeth Town, to go to Staten Island or New York,
not above one in twenty appeared entitled to that indulgence ; and many
of them were as venomous Tories as any in this country. It is either
from a vain curiosity (extremely predominant in women,) cloaked with
the pretence of securing their debts or effects, in which they seldom if
ever succeed ; or for the sake of buying tea and trinkets (for which they
would as soon forfeit a second Paradise, as Eve did the first, for the
forbidden fruit), that they are perpetually prompted to those idle rambles.
... The men are still more seriously mischievous, and go with commercial
motives, and to secure capital quantities of British merchandize.^
Livingston had again been chosen, Oct. 27th, Governor of
the State, greatly to the annoyance of the loyalists, who re
garded him as an incorrigible rebel. James Humphreys,
Jr., writing from New York, Nov. 23, 1778, to Galloway in
London, says, —
Livingston is reappointed Governor of New Jersey and more wantonly
pursuing his career of barbarity and wickedness than ever.§
Isaac Ogden, a refugee, from Newark, writing also to Gal
loway, from New York, the day before, (22d), says —
Livingston is reelected Governor, an attempt was intended to be made,
to supersede him, but the dissenting Parsons, getting knowledge of it,
exerted themselves in such a manner, that his opponents were deterr'd
* N. J. Gazetto, No. 47. t Sparks' Washington, VI. 155-174.
t Sparks' Correspondence, II. 243. § Hist. Magazine, V. 272.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 471
from making the Experiment. You know the Man, & will with Me pitty
the poor People, that fall under his displeasure.
Most cordially was the Governor hated by every tory in
the State, and with still greater cordiality, if possible, was
he loved aud trusted by every friend of the country. His
well-known connection with the Presbyterian Church of this
town accounts for the story about " the dissenting Parsons."
In the same letter, Ogden speaks of this town and its vicinity
as " a Rebellious country : " a good testimony this to the
patriotism of the town. Iu closing the letter, he introduces
some family allusions : —
Remember me to Doctor's Chandler and Cooper. Tell Doct. Chandler
that Mrs. Chandler & his Daughter Polly with Miss Ricketts, are now in
York with a Flag for a few days. His son Bille I saw last week, at
Staten Island, who has recovered from his Illness, he intends sailing for
England in a short time in the Amazon.*
In arranging the winter quarters of the army, Gen.
Washington made choice of Middlebrook [Bound Brook]
Somerset Co., N. J., for his own headquarters with seven
brigades, detailing the Jersey Brigade to occupy Elizabeth
Town, as the advanced post of the army. This brought him,
on the 1st of December, to this town, where he remained
.until the morning of the 5th. In honor of his visit, a festive
entertainment was given him, on the fourth.-f-
A practical illustration of the fear and hatred entertained,
by the British, and especially the tories, towards Gov.
Livingston, was given near the close of this winter. A plan
was devised, by the authorities at New York, to surprise and
capture both Gov. Livingston, and Maxwell's brigade, at this
post. " The 33d and 42d Regiments, with the light company
of the Guards, under the command of Lieut. Col. Stirling,"
* Hist. Magazine, V. 335, 8. " His son Bille," Wm. Chandler of Elizabeth Town, N. J.,
presented, Feb. 11, 1779, a petition to Lord George Germain, representing, "that on account
of his loyalty and being son of the Eev. Dr. Chandler, he was obliged to fly in Jan., 1776 —
that he returned in Dec, following, but on the Eoyal army evacuating Elizabeth Town in
Jan., 1777, he was again obliged to fly— that Brig. Gen. Skinner granted him a warrant to be
captain in the New Jersey Volunteers in the April following, that he has not received any
pay for two years, and prays his Lordship's recommendation to Sir Henry Clinton for s cap
tain's commission in the New Jersey Brigade." Anal. Index., p. 458.
t Eiv. Gazette, No. 228. Sparks' Washington, VI. 125, 9, 183, 155.

472 THE HISTORY OF
about one thousand in number, were detailed for this pur
pose. They embarked at Red Hook, Long Island, at' 9
o'clock, P.. M., of the 24th of February, 1779, crossed the
Bay to the Bergen Shore, landed, and marched over land to
Newark Bay, when they reembarked, the boats having pass
ed around through the Kills. They landed, between two
and three o'clock A. M. of the 25th, on the salt meadows
about a mile north of Crane's Ferry. Having obtained
Capt. Wm. Luce, Cornelius Hatfield, Jr., and John Smith
Hatfield, (who had gone over to the British in 1778), as
guides, the 42d Regiment advanced immediately, and gained
the upland. The remainder of the force, through a mis
understanding, waited at the place of landing for further
orders. Col. Stirling, impatient for their appearance, came
to a halt, after he had got well up towards Woodruffs Farms,
and sent back one of the guides to order them forward. The
officer in command declined to receive the order from the
lips of the guide, who, thereupon, returned to Stirling- for an
official order. In this blundering, they lost about an hour
and a half.
Col. Stirling, in order to gain fuller intelligence as to the
state of affairs in the town, sent one of the guides with six
soldiers to capture one of the residents. They came to the
house of Mr. Hendricks, and questioned him in respect to
the troops, some of the soldiers, in the meantime, entering
the house of Mr. Woodruff, directly opposite, and beginning
to plunder. Mr. Woodruff made good his escape, and gave
the information to Col. Ogden, the officer of the day. Gen.
Maxwell immediately called the troops to arms, and march
ed them to the rear of the town, whither also the principal
part of the inhabitants retired, uncertain as to the number
and designs of the enemy.'
A detachment was sent, with one of the guides, the shortest
route to " Liberty Hall," the residence of Gov. Livingston,
to apprehend him. The Governor, happily, had. left home
some hours before, and was passing the night at a friend's
house a few miles distant. It was falsely reported by the
enemy that he had left his bed only five minutes before his

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 473
house was surrounded. The house, of course, was searched
in vain for his person. His papers were demanded of his
eldest daughter, who had sufficient presence of mind to lead
them into the library, and show them a drawer filled with
intercepted letters from London, taken in a British vessel, a
part of which they pocketed, and then carried off the re
mainder with the drawer itself. All his recent correspond
ence with Congress, Washington, and the State officers, was
in a box in the parlor, which was saved by this artifice.
In the meantime, the main body of the enemy proceeded
directly to the rear of the town, and had every road guarded
except the Rahway road, by which several of the inhabitants
escaped, before the guard could reach it. The barracks, and
the Presbyterian parsonage then used as barracks, were
found deserted, and in the rage of their disappointment the
enemy set them on fire and they were burned down. The
school-house,' or academy, adjoining the Presbyterian bury
ing ground, had been used for storing provisions for the
troops. This, also, they fired, and destroyed. While it was
burning, a few of the female neighbors, of whom Mrs.
Egbert was one, rescued from the ruins twenty six barrels
of flour. A blacksmith's shop, also, was burned. They
boasted, also, that they burned " the ferry-house of Stephen
Crane," of which, however, the people themselves made no
mention. As soon as the light enabled Maxwell to ascertain the force
and positions of the enemy, he set his troops in motion, and
Col. Stirling beat a retreat. The militia both of this town
and Newark took the alarm, and assembled with great alac
rity. Cols. Dayton, Ogden, and Barber conducted the pur
suit. Abandoning the horses and cattle which they had
collected, the enemy retreated as they came, by the way of
the salt marsh, usually regarded as quite inaccessible. Some
skirmishing ensued, but the well-directed fire of two pieces
of artillery greatly quickened their steps. After wading a
considerable distance in mud and mire, they reached their
boats, and reembarked under the cover of a galley and two
or three gunboats, not a little galled by the fire poured in

474 THE HISTORY OF
upon them from the shore. One of their boats grounded,
and with the hands on board was captured.
The enemy acknowledged that from four to six of their
number were slain, and about forty were wounded. They
took with them about a score of the elderly men of the place,
but soon after restored them to their homes. Brigade Major
Ogden, who first reconnoitred the enemy received a bayonet
wound, in his right side, but not dangerous. Lieut. Rencastle,
also, was wounded, and four privates, — one man, a private,
was killed. Chaplain Andrew Hunter, on his return from
the Governor's house, whither he had hastened to give the
alarm, was captured, but soon after made his escape. The
invasion, save in the burning of the barracks, the parsonage,
and the academy, (a procedure worthy of a savage foe,) was a
complete failure — a signal blunder.*
Four or five weeks after this occurrence, Gov. Livingston
addressed a note, March 29th, to Gen. Sir Henry Clinton
informing him that he was " possessed of the most authentic
proofs," that one of his general officers had " offered a large
sum of money to an inhabitant of this State to assassinate "
him — the Governor — "in case' he could not take" him
" alive." Ephraim Marsh, Jr., of this town, had deposed
before Isaac Woodruff, Esq., that Cortlandt Skinner had
offered him a reward of two thousand guineas and a pension
for life, for such an exploit. A reply, very curt and imper
tinent, was received from Sir Henry, to which the Governor
returned a withering rejoinder.f
The immense depreciation of the continental currency
began to be seriously felt among all classes of the commu
nity, but especially among the soldiers of the patriot army,
whose families were, in any measure, depending on their
wages. The Jersey Brigade, under Maxwell, stationed at E.
Town, sent an affecting memorial of their distressed condi
tion, for want of adequate compensation, to the Legislature.
Gen. Maxwell, also, urged their case, and called attention to
* N. J. Journal, No. 2. N. J. Gazette, No. 65. Gaines' Mercury, No. 1429. Eemem
brancer, VII. 868. Spovks' Washington, VI. 175, 182, 391. Sedgwiok's Livingston, pp. 322-4.
Barber's Hist Coll. of N. J., p. 165. Hist. Magazine, VI. 180-1, 289.
t N. J. Journal, Nos. 10, 12. Barber's Hist. Coll. of N. J., pp. 168-4.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 475
the necessity of sending out of the lines the tories who were
seeking every opportunity to induce the soldiers to desert.
He instanced the cases of Capts. Kennedy and McCloud, at
large on their parole, and yet in the pay of the enemy,
"licensed spies, in our very lines, amongst our troops." He
then adds : —
Mrs. Chandler is much in the same way here that McCloud is, with re
spect to her living ; but in the way of giving intelligence to the enemy I
think her the first in the place. There is not a tory that passes in or out
of New York or any other way, that is of consequence, but what waits on
Mrs. Chandler ; and mostly all the British officers going in or out on
parole or exchange, wait on her ; in short, the Governor, [Wm. Franklin],
the whole of the tories, and many of the whigs. I think she would be
much better in New York, and to take her baggage with her, that she
might have nothing to come back for. Lawyer Ross and some other
noted tories here I would recommend to be sent some distance back in
the country. . . There wants a thorough reform here.*
A gratuity of £200, to each commissioned officer, and $40,
to each private, was ordered by the Legislature, the money
immediately forwarded to E. Town, and the brigade, soon
after took up their line of march for the Susquehanna. So
many of the officers and men of the brigade were residents of
this town, and so long had they been on service at this post,
during the war, that the people of the town took the deepest
interest in every thing pertaining to their welfare. It was
their own right arm of defence.f
Washington removed his headquarters from Middlebrook,
the first week in June, and soon after took post at New
Windsor on the North River. In consequence, as the regular
troops, that usually kept watch of Staten Island, were on their
way to the Indian country, the eastern coast of this town, was
considerably exposed. Col. Neilson, a vigilant officer, was
left here with a small corps, which, with the militia, ready to
be called out on any emergency, was thought sufficient for
the time being. Col. Frederick Frelinghuysen, at a later
date, was appointed to the command of the State regiment,
with his headquarters at this post.:):
* N. J. Eev. Correspondence, pp. 143-154 ; 159-168. Sparks' Washington, VI. 252-5.
t Sparks' Washington, VI. 253, 6.
X Marshall's Washington, IV. 65, 6. N. J. Eev. Correspondence, p. 176.

476 THE HISTORY OF
The refugees on Staten Island took advantage of the reduc
tion of the forces here, and renewed their predatory excur
sions. On the night of Saturday, June 12th, Cornelius Hat
field, Jr., with five other " loyal refugees," as Gaines calls
them, crossed over the Sound to Lieut. John Haviland's
house, which they effectually plundered of its contents, and
seizing Haviland and the Captain of one of the guard boats,
whom they had also surprised, they returned with them in
safety to the Island. A few nights after, Friday, 18th, the
same party, with other tories, and several British soldiers, re
peated the experiment, and landed at Halstead's Point, —
From whence they stole up in small parties, amongst their friends,
where, probably, they obtained full information of the strength and situa
tion of our guard at Halsted's house, which they attacked about day-light
in the morning ; the guard being vigilant escaped, (except one man killed),
and gave the alarm to the town, the villains in the meantime plundered
the house of almost every thing portable, took off his riding chair, and
made Mr. Halsted a prisoner, who, however, had the address to take ad
vantage of the surprize these British worthies were thrown into by the
firing of a single gun, and made his escape from them ; had they stayed
a few minutes longer, they would probably have paid dear for their pre
sumption ; as it was, they had two men wounded, one of them mortally.*
To these troubles was added, at midsummer, June 20th, a
panic respecting the negroes of the town :
On Sunday night last it was discovered that the negroes had it in con
templation to rise and murder the inhabitants of Elizabeth Town. Many
of tbem are secured in gaol.t
This conspiracy was, of course, attributed to the tories, and
with the plundering incursions, had the effect to quicken the
Court of Common Pleas, in finding, July 6th, inquisitions,
and entering judgment in favor of the State against the fol
lowing fugitives and offenders, viz. : —
Isaac Mills, John Stiles, jun., George Marshall, James Frazee, jun.,
Ichabod Oliver, Thomas Bradbury Chandler, John Slone, Robert Gault,
Joseph Marsh, John Ackley, Cornelius Hetfield, jun., Oliver De Lancey,
and John Lee, jr., in the County of Essex. (It is added) Notice is hereby
given that all the real estates that lately belonged to the above fugitives
* Gaines' Mercury, No. 1443. Now Jorsey Journal, No. 19. N. J. Eev. Correspondence,
p. 170. t N. J. Journal, No. 19.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 477
within the bounds of Elizabeth Town, will be sold at public vendue, on
Monday the sixteenth day of August next, at the house of Samuel Smith,
innkeeper, in Elizabeth Town aforesaid, or on the premises ; and also that
part of the estate late the property of Cavalier Jouet, that was sold to a
certain Nathaniel Hubbell [son of Rev.], unless the said Hubbell appears
and pays the purchase-money for the same, before the day of sale.*
The representations of Gen. Maxwell in respect to the re
moval of tories from the State were not without effect : —
A Motion was made at Elizabeth Town last Thursday, [12th of Aug.],
(says Gaines), to remove all the suspected Persons from that place ; agree
able to a Law lately passed in that province ; but the Motion could not
be carried, it being strongly opposed by Gov. Livingston, who said it was
impolitic to the highest Degree, and that it would only increase the Num
ber of their Enemies, t
At the convening of the Legislature, Oct. 27th, 1779, Liv
ingston was the fourth time elected Governor of the State.
Great efforts had been made, by means of the press and
otherwise, on the part of his enemies — " copperheads," as
they would have been called at a later period — to prevent
his reelection. They could command in the Legislature,
however, only nine of the thirty-eight votes. The result was
highly gratifying to his patriotic townsmen, and all the true
patriots throughout the State. £
With the commencement of the winter, the main body of
the army under Washington took up their quarters at Mor
ris Town. It proved to be one of the severest winters on
record. The cold set in early, and storm succeeded storm,
piling up the snow in every direction, until January 3d, 1780,
when one of the most terrific storms, ever remembered, set
in, from which the army suffered dreadfully. The snow
covered the earth to the depth of from four to six feet, the
roads were everywhere obstructed, and almost nothing could
be had for the sustenance of the troops. Washington was
compelled to resort to forced requisitions on the several
counties of the State. Col. Matthias Ogden was appointed
to collect the cattle and grain required of the County of
* N. J. Journal, No. 28. t Gaines' Mercury, No. 1452.
X Sedgwick's Livingston, pp. 838-9.

478 THE HISTORY OF
Essex. The State, to its honor be it spoken, though so
greatly impoverished by a four years war, came nobly to the
rescue. The crisis was firmly met, and safely passed. The
army was fed and furnished. *
The extraordinary severity of the cold, and its steadiness,
closed up the rivers, the Sound, Newark Bay, and even the
harbor of New York. The isolation of the City and the
Island existed no longer. The ice, even in the Bay of New
York, was of such solidity, that an army with all its artillery
and baggage could cross with greater facility than on the
firm earth. The authorities at New York were full of ap
prehension, and took measures to concentrate their forces, in
case of an attack. Extraordinary vigilance was called for,
on both sides of the line, f
As the troops had now received their needed supplies, and
a portion of them might be favorably employed in an attempt
on Staten Island, Gen. Wm. Irvine, who had been sent down
some time before, with a detachment, to this post, was in
structed to obtain information " of the enemy's strength,
corps, situation, and works," on Staten Island ; to ascertain
the state of the ice at Halstead's Point, and at the Blazing
Star Ferry ; and to act in concert with Col. Dayton, in mak
ing the necessary preparations. Great caution was to be
used in keeping the design secret. A large number of sleds
or sleighs — several hundred — were procured, with all the
necessary ammunition, rations, tools, guns, and spare shoes.
Various detachments were called in, and detailed for the
service — amounting to about 2500 men — all to rendezvous
in this town on the evening of Friday, the 14th. £
The expedition was put under the command of Lord Stir
ling, and it was designed to capture, if possible, the entire
force of the enemy on the Island, supposed to be about 1200
men. It was believed that the communication by water with
the city was cut off. The expedition set off, in good order,
early in the morning of Saturday the 15th. They crossed
* Sparks' Washington, VI. 487-41. Thacher's Military Journal, pp. 176-S2, 6. Barber's
H. Coll. of N. J., pp. 838-92. Gordon's Eev. War, III. 42, 8.
* N. V. Col. Docmts., VIII. 731, 2, 5. Hist Mag., VIII. 68.
X Sparks' Washington, VI. 441-7. Marshall's Washington, IV. 199-200.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 479
safely on the ice, at De Hart's Point, to Mercereau's dock
yard. At the forks of the Blazing Star road, they divided,
one column proceeding by Dougan's mills, and the other by
the back road towards the watering place [Tompkinsville].
Lieut.-Col. Willet was detached to surprise Buskirk and his
force of two hundred provincials at Decker's Ferry. But
the enemy had obtained early intelligence of the invasion,
and on all sides retired to their works. The two columns
effected a junction on the heights above the works at the
same time. They found the enemy strongly fortified, and
entrenched, also, behind an abattis of snow, about ten feet
in height. Communication by water with the city, also, they
found to be open. After fully reconnoitring the position,
and remaining over night, they retired about sunrise the
next morning, making good their retreat, and arriving at
De Hart's Point about 11 o'clock A. M. At Decker's Ferry
they captured and destroyed nine sailing vessels. They took
eight or ten prisoners, and received several deserters. One
of the enemy was slain, as were three of their own men.
Many of the men, also, were frost-bitten, and all suffered
considerably from the severity of the cold, the snow being
three or four feet deep. *
Taking advantage of this opportunity a number of worth
less characters followed the troops to the Island, and com
mitted various depredations upon the people ; Rivington
says, to the extent of $10,000. Washington had given strict
orders not to allow anything of the kind. After their re
turn from the Island, Lord Stirling reclaimed the property
as far as possible, and issued orders that whoever had been
guilty of plundering should restore what they had thus
taken to the Rev. Mr. Caldwell, that it might be sent back
to the owners, f
This expedition had the effect to increase the vigilance of
the enemy, whose number in garrison was thereupon doubled.
While, on the other hand, the forces, on this side, disheart-
* N. J. Journal, No. 51. N. J. Gazette, Nos. 109, 110. Rivington's Gazette, Nos. 845, 7,
8,850. Thacher's Journal, p. 184. Marshall's Washington, IV. 201-2. Sparks' Washington.
VI. 442-8. Sparks' Corr. of the Eev., II. 3S0-1.
t Ibid., p. 381. Spark's Washington,' VI. 446.

480 THE HISTORY OF
ened by their failure, suffered a relaxation of both vigilance
and enterprise. Preparations were accordingly made, by
the enemy, for retaliatory raids on this town and Newark,
on the night of Tuesday, Jan. 25, 1780, and in both cases
they succeeded. The N. Jersey Journal of the 27th makes
the following statements : —
A party of the enemy, consisting of about three hundred infantry, un
der the command of Colonel Van Buskirk, of the new levies, and about sixty
dragoons, said to be under the command of Captain Steward, of the seven
teenth light dragoons, with several refugees — the whole in number nearly
four hundred — crossed on the ice from Staten Island to Trembly's Point,
about three miles from Elizabeth Town, last Tuesday night. From thence
they were conducted by Cornelius Hetfield, Job Hetfield, and Smith Het
field, their principal guides, the nearest and most retired route to Eliza
beth Town. They entered the town, in two divisions, before the alarm
was sounded. As soon as the troops that were in town (consisting of
about sixty men) perceived their danger, they retreated; however, they
took a major, who was commandant of the place, and two or three cap
tains that lodged in town that night, and a few troops. They then set
fire to the presbyterian meeting and court-house, which were con
sumed ; plundered, insulted and took ofi" some of the inhabitants, and re
treated, with great precipitation, by the way of De Hart's Point, whose
house they likewise consumed.*
" A gentleman at Elizabeth Town,", in a letter, written on
the 29th, an extract from which was published in the New
Jersey Gazette, says, —
The enemy paid us a visit here last Tuesday evening; they were in
town between ten and eleven o'clock, under the command of Lieutenant
Colonel Buskirk, of the New Levies : The plan was well concerted, and
as well executed ; they evaded our guards, and were in town before any
one knew it. — They have taken forty or fifty privates and several officers,
with ten or twelve of the inhabitants. Major Williamson and Captain
Gifford fell into theii-hands. Mr. Belcher Smith, [son' of Wm. Peartree
Smith], in attempting to escape, was likewise taken. They burnt the
Presbyterian Church and the court house, plundered Jecamiah Smith,
but no other houses of any consequence, as they were afraid to enter them,
and staid but a little time before they pushed off.t
Rivington, in his paper of Jan. 29th, gives the British ver
sion of the affair :
* N. J. Journal, No. 51. t N. J. Gazette, Nos. 110, 119.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 481
On Tuesday night, the 25th inst., the rebel posts at Elizabeth Town
were completely surprised and carried off by different detachments of the
king's troops. Lieut. Col. Buskirk's detachment, — consisting of about
120 men from the 1st and 4th battalions of Brig. Gen. Skinner's brigade,
with 12 dragoons under the command of Lieut. Stuart, — moved from
Staten Island early in the night, and got into Elizabeth Town without
being discovered, between the hours of 10 and 11. With little resistance,
they made prisoners 2 majors, 3 captains, and 47 privates, among whom
were 5 dragoons, with their horses, arms, and accoutrements. Few of
the rebels were killed, but several were wounded by the dragoons, though
they afterwards escaped.
The services were performed without loss. The following are the names
of some of the rebel officers brought to town on Thursday last, . . . from
Elizabeth Town : Maj. Eccles, of the 5th Maryland regiment; Col. Belt,
of the -4th regiment, from Prince George Co. ; Mr. B. Smith, son of Pear-
tree Smith ; Maj. Williamson and his brother.*
Rivington's statement as to the persons, and the strength
of the detachment engaged in this retaliatory foray, is, proba
bly, to be accepted as at least semi-official. Abraham Bus
kirk, according to Gaines' Register for 1781, was Lieut. Col.
Commandant of the fourth battalion of New Jersey volun
teers, or tories, under the command of Brig. Gen. Cortlandt
Skinner, Esq. Neal Stewart was a Lieut, of Col. Bayard's
Orange Rangers. The guides were natives of the town,
familiar with all the roads and all the residents of the placet-
Washington speaks of the event, two days after, as " the
late misfortune and disgrace at Elizabeth Town." Not less
than 2000 men, under Col. Moses Hazen, were stationed that
night along the shore of the frozen waters from Paulus Hook
to Amboy, in small detachments, one of which, sixty only in
• Eivington's Gazette, No. 843. Barber's Hist. Coll. of N. J., pp. 166-7. Thacher's Journal
pp. 156-7.
t Hist. Magazine, VIII. 355, 6. The names of tho persons captured, as subsequently re
ported, were, "Major Eccleston, Major Williamson, Captain Gray, Captain Thomas Woodruff,
Captain Samuel Moorehouse, Captain Isaac Scudder, Captain W. [B.] Smith, Captain Gilford
[Gifford], John Culles, Ja. Knot, William Frucker, John Sullivan, Charles Gough, John Gor-
mond, Johu Eoebly, John Lumox, Theodorik Lindsey, James Davison, Joseph Farson, John
Blades, John Creaton, John Eyon, Thomas Gordon, John King, Joseph Austin, James Dues,
Michael Coughlon, John Miles, Michael Eowlaud, John Fisk, E. Pruket, Isaac Dukeson, James
Morrison, Jonathan Hackson, Benjamin Garrison, Philip Knolt, Abraham Eosier, John Brown,
Andrew Patterson, Andrew McFarland, David Buddel, Albert Slarret, Henry Eondert, Kalph
Price, Ab. Price, Jerub Price, John Gray, John Mulford, James Shay." Not more than twelve
or fifteen of theso were residonts. The remainder were soldiers. Gaines' Mercury, No, 137C.
Eivington's Gazette, No. 851.
31

482 THE HISTORY OF
number, under Major Eccles, was detailed for this important
post.* "The Court House" was "a small frame shingle covered
building, which had never been adorned with paint ; and in
the same condition, and style of architecture, was the adja
cent building, the Presbyterian Meeting House, both of which
respectively occupied the ground whereon now stand the
structures devoted to the same, objects." Such is the descrip
tion of these buildings as given by the late Capt. Wm. C. De
Hart. They were among the oldest and most venerable
buildings of the town. The church was ornamented by a
steeple, surmounted by a ball and weathercock, furnished,
also, with a clock. It was the most conspicuous and the
most valued building in the town — hallowed as the structure
in which their pilgrim-fathers had worshiped God, in which
they themselves — so many of them — had been consecrated
to God in baptism, and in which the great and revered Dick
inson, the honored Spencer, and the still more renowned
Whitefield, had preached God's word. I
The destruction of these buildings is, by common consent,
attributed to Cornelius Hatfield, Jr., whose venerable parents,
Col. Cornelius and Abigail, were among the most. excellent
and honored members of the Presbyterian church, and most
thoroughly patriotic. The father had been a trustee, and
was then an elder of the church. The mother "died, on the
27th of April, in the year following, in the 70th year of her
age, greatly lamented. The renegade son was a man of great
energy of character, and of commanding influence among
the refugees. During the previous two years he had resided
on Staten Island, continually watching opportunities to molest
and capture his former friends and neighbors.^:
As the son had destroyed their church edifice, so the father
opened the doors of a large " Red Store House," that belong
ed to him, which was fitted up for the purpose, and used,
thenceforward, as a meeting-house. It was on the other and
most populous side of the creek, on the east side of Cherry
* Sparks' Washington, VI. 462, 8.
t Passages In the History of E. T., No. III. Murray's Notes, p. 46.
J N. J. Journal, No. 115.

i 1

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 483
st., near West Water st., and nearly opposite Capt. De
Hart's house. It was afterwards removed to the opposite
side of the road, rebuilt and occupied by Mr. Edward
Price* As soon as Washington heard of the affair, he dispatched
Maj. -Gen. Arthur St. Clair, Jan. 27th, to investigate the
causes of the disaster, to guard against future inroads of the
kind, and to ascertain the practicability of a retaliation ; — at
the same time to take command of all the forces below the
Hills. On Friday, the 28th, St. Clair reports, from Crane's
Mill, as follows : —
I arrived at Col. Hazen's Quarters, the night before last, and yesterday,
with him, visited the several posts, which I found to be Eahway, Crane's
Mills, Connecticut Farms, Elizabeth Town and Newark. Elizabeth Town
and Newark are occupied by small detachments only, and guards are
posted at De Hart's and Halstead Points. A small guard is also kept at
the New Blazing Star from the post at Eahway. . , In Elizabeth Town I
find a four days' guard, consisting of one hundred men with a Field
Officer. This I reduced to a Captain and fifty to be relieved daily. . .
The guards at De Hart's and Halstead Points are certainly much ex
posed. Notwithstanding these precautions, another foray was
made on Sunday evening, 30th of January, which is thus
described in a tory paper : —
Last Sunday evening a party consisting of thirteen mounted refugees
went from Staten Island, and [at Eahway] in the vicinity of Elizabeth
Town, New Jersey, surprised Mr. Wynantz, a lieutenant of the rebel
militia, and eight private men of Colonel Jacques' regiment, [that had
been on a party of pleasure with some young ladies]. Few republicans
on this continent are more remarkable for their implacable opposition to
his Majesty's government than some of these prisoners ; they were all the
same evening securely lodged on Staten Island. They were found at a
fandango, or merry-making, with a party of lasses, who became planet
struck at the sudden separation from their Damons. The further trophies
of this successful excursion are three handsome sleighs with ten good
horses, all of which were yesterday driven to New York over the ice from
Staten Island, an enterprise never yet attempted since the first settlement
of this country.t
* Passages in the History of E. T., No. II.
t Eivington's Gazette, No. 349. Gaines' Mercury, No. 1177. Moore's Diary II. 257 -3.
N. J. Gazette, No. 111.

484 THE HISTORY OF
The ice-blockade continuing, the tories took another ride
into Jersey on the 10th of February with similar results : —
On Thursday night last the enemy, under the command of Generals
Stirling and Skinner, visited Elizabeth Town, entirely upon a plundering
party. Among other houses, they plundered Doctor Barnet's, Messrs.
William P. Smith, William Herriman, Matthias Halsted and .Doctor
Wynantz ; the two former in a most barbarous manner. The house of
Mr. Smith they searched throughout for Mr. Elisha Boudinot, who they
thought was concealed there; but fortunately both he and Mr. Smith
lodged out of town. After terrifying the women and children, they
heroically marched off with their plunder and five or six prisoners.*
The horrors of that dreadful winter could not be forgotten
by that generation. The condition of the people, in their
almost defenceless exposure to the barbarian incursions of
the rapacious foe, was deplorable in the extreme. But the
more they suffered for their country's cause, the more fixed
and deep-rooted was their determination never again to sub
mit to the now more than ever hated rule of the cruel and
haughty Briton.
It is surprising, that any of the people should have con
tinued, in these circumstances, to reside on the borders of the
Sound, especially when it was every where frozen over, and
could be crossed in perfect safety by the refugee marauders.
So long as this natural bridge lasted, these incursions con
tinued. The following statement, made, on Wednesday,
March 29th, shows what was now of not infrequent occur
rence : —
Last Friday night [24th] some villains from Staten Island came over to
Elizabeth Town, and carried off Matthias Halstead, Esq., a worthy
citizen.t Even after the departure of the ice, these forays were re
peated. On the 26th of April, a record is made as fol
lows : —
A party of the enemy from Staten Island, consisting of about thirty
men, attempted to surprize, last Sunday night [23d] a small guard at Hal-
stead's Point, but through the alertness of the centinels (one of which
* N. J. Gazette, No. 112. Mr. Smith's house was tho former residence- of Gov. Belcher ;
Mr. Boudinot was the son-iu-law of Mr. Smith. t N. J. Journal, No. 59.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 485
they killed) their plan was effectually marred. They plundered Mr. Hal
stead of beds and bedding, the family's wearing apparel, and seven or
eight head of creatures.*
Thus passed, in alarm and terror, the ever-memorable win
ter of 1779-80 — memorable for the severity of the season,
and. for the devastation made by the merciless foe.
* N. J. Journal, No. 68.

486 THE HISTORY OF

CHAPTER XXII.
A. D. 1780-1783.
Knyphausen invades E. T. in force — Passage of the Brit. Army through the
town — Uprising of the Militia — Skirmishes — Severe Fight near Spring
field — Wife of Rev. J. Caldwell murdered — Village of Ct. Farms burned
down — Retreat of the British to the Point — Thunder-Storm — Skirmishes
at the Point — Second Advance of the British Army — Battle of Springfield
— Village burned — Retreat of the Foe to S. Island — Bravery of the Militia
— Partisan Warfare — Capture of Col. Ogden and Capt. Dayton — Raids of
Refugees — Cowboys — Night Patrols — Marauding Parties — Surrender of
Cornwallis — Exchange of Prisoners — Besperadoes — Forays — Predatory
Raids — Maj. Crane's Exploits — Peace.
The campaign of 1780 opened late. The frost had pene
trated the earth to an unusual depth, and the roads, at the
breaking up of winter, were, for a considerable period, al
most impassable. On the 18th of May, Governor Robertson
of New York, in one of his despatches, speaks of the " late--
ness of the season, there not yet being a blade of grass."
Robertson and Knyphausen, the general in chief of the Brit
ish forces in and about New York, were concocting meas
ures to capture, or expel from New Jersey, the patriot army.
Confident of speedy victory, Knyphausen made vigorous
preparations for an invasion of East Jersey. The time chosen
was the 6 th of June — the very day, when, as afterwards ap
peared, a vast body of rioters were, and during the next day
continued to be, pillaging and burning the metropolis of the
Empire, and were masters of London. Of the inception of
the invasion, Gov. Robertson reports to Lord Germain as
follows :

On the 6th of June we sail'd with as many troops as could
be spared from the defence of this Province — 6000 — to Staten Island;

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 487
from thence we landed our advanced guard the same night at Elizabeth
Town, where they waited the landing of a second embarkation by the
return of the boats — these Bodys moved on, with orders to try to sur
prize Maxwell's Brigade of Jersey Troops, stationed near to the road we
marched by, to endeavor to get possession of the strong post at Short
hills, to wait there the arrival of the third embarkation of the army — from
whence if our intelligence should show circumstances favorable, it was
intended to march directly with the whole against Washington, who had
been sending his stores from Morristown, but was still incumbered there
with a great many. *
The Coldstream Guards, under the command of Gen. Ed
ward Mathew, sailing down the bay, disembarked at Staten
Island, where they were joined by other troops, regulars and
provincials. Here they were formed into three divisions ;
the first under command of Brig.-Gen. Stirling ; the second,
under Brig.-Gen. Mathew; the third, comprising the Cold
stream Guards, and others, under Maj. -Gen. Tryon: the
whole, under the general command of Maj.-Gen. Knyphausen.
As soon as formed, they marched forward to the landing op
posite E. Town Point, arriving in the night, and unobserved.
The first division crossed the Sound in flat-boats, and landed
on the meadows, near the Point ; where they halted until, in
like manner, the second and third, with the light artillery,
had crossed, before day. Early on Wednesday morning,
- the whole force were in motion. Stirling, being the youngest
General, led the advance.
In the mean time, word was brought to Col. Dayton of the
Jersey Brigade, that the British were at the Point. Having
reconnoitred the position, he stationed a guard of twelve
men at the eastern terminus of Water st. [now Elizabeth
Avenue], where the two roads leading to the Old and New
Points diverge, with orders to arrest the advance of the foe as
long as practicable, and then retire. Dayton hastened back
to the town, and mustered his troops as quickly as possible,
to be ready for the emergency, and fallback, if outnumbered.
As the enemy came marching forward, at the break of
day, Gen. Stirling at the head of his division, the guards,
* N. T. Col. Docmts, VIII. 793,

488 THE HISTORY OF
at the forks of the road, allowed them to approach within
musket shot, when they fired, and fled to town. One of the
balls unhorsed Stirling, and fractured his thigh. The whole
column was thus brought to a halt, until the wounded Gen
eral could be cared for. Knyphausen now placed himself at
the head of the division, and just as the sun was rising upou
the earth, the squadron in advance entered the town, passing
up Water street [Elizabeth avenue] and so into Broad street.
An eye-witness of the passage of the troops through the village, de
scribes it as one of the most beautiful sights he ever beheld. In the van
marched a squadron of dragoons, of Simcoe's regiment, known as the
" Queen's Bangers," with drawn swords and glittering helms, mounted
on very large and beautiful horses — then followed the infantry, composed
of Hessians and English troops — the whole body amounting to nearly six
thousand men, and every man, horseman and foot, clad in new unifo3-ms,
complete in panoply, and gorgeous with burnished brass and polished
steel.* Passing from Broad into Jersey st., the columns of the
enemy, on their way to the Short Hills and Washington's
Camp, were led by the guides along the most frequented
way, known as the Galloping Hill road, which, leaving the
Westfield Road, on the line of the present Central Rail Road,
at the extreme west point of the town as now bounded, and
running north-westerly, enters the village of Union or " Con
necticut Farms," south of the Presbyterian church. In
passing through the town, the troops were kept in perfect
order, committing no deeds of violence.
As 60on as it was known that the foe had landed, word was
sent as quickly as possible to Prospect Hill in the rear of
Springfield, when the eighteen-pounder signal gun, and the
tar-barrel on the signal pole, were fired, and the whole coun
try on both sides of the mountains was roused. Instantly
the drums in the camp at Morristown beat to arms, and
Washington and his troops marched with all speed to the
post of danger. The militia, in every direction, seized their
firelocks, swords, or whatever weapon was at hand, hasted
to their respective mustering-places, and were soon proceed-
* Do Hart's " Passages In tho History of E. Town," No. I.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 489
ing by companies to the field of action. The whole town,
from the Sound to the Passaic, with all its villages, from
Springfield to Rahway, was thoroughly aroused, and pre
paring to resist and drive back the invading foe. Col. Day
ton, and that portion of the Jersey Brigade that was sta
tioned in and about the old town, made good their retreat
from the superior numbers of the enemy, and effected a
junction with the other portions of the brigade under Gen.
Maxwell, at Connecticut Farms. On the way up, they were
joined by militia men, and, with increasing numbers, kept up
a continual skirmishing.
On the rising ground just beyond the West branch of
Elizabeth River, and about a quarter of a mile south-east of
the Farms' church, a stand was made by a party of the
militia, about sixty in number, armed only with muskets,
who succeeded in giving a temporary check to the column.
Maxwell with his brigade, and some of the militia, took post
on the high ground beyond the Farms' village, where they
not only brought the enemy to a halt, but drove back their
advance, a short distance, annoying them considerably by
their firing.
Writing from the "Jersey Camp, near Springfield, 14th
June, 1780," to Gov. Livingston, he says,
I thought Elizabeth Town would be an improper place for me. I there
fore retired toward Connecticut Farms, where Ool. Dayton joined me
with his regiment. I ordered a few small parties to defend the defile
near the Farm Meeting-house, where they were joined and assisted in the
defence by some small bodies of militia. The main body of the brigade
had to watch the enemy on the road leading to the right and left toward
Springfield, that they might not cut off our communication with his Ex
cellency General Washington. Our parties of Continental troops and
militia at the defile performed wonders. After stopping the advance of
the enemy near three hours, they crossed over the defile and drove them
to the tavern that was Jeremiah Smith's, but the enemy were at that
time reenforced with at least 1,500 men, and our people were driven in
their turn over the defile, and obliged to quit it. I, with the whole bri
gade and militia, was formed to attack them, shortly after they had crossed
the defile, but it was tho't imprudent, as the ground was not advantageous,
and the enemy very numerous. We retired slowly towards the heights
toward Springfield, harassing them on their right and left, till they came

490 THE HISTORY OF
with their advance ta David Meeker's house, where they thought proper
to halt. Shortly after the whole brigade, with the militia, advanced their
right, left and front with the greatest rapidity, and drove their advance
to the main body: We were in our turn obliged to retire after the closest
action I have seen this war. We were then pushed over the bridge at
Springfield, [Rahway river], where we posted some troops, and with the
assistance of a field-piece, commanded by the militia, the enemy were
again driven back to their former station, and still further before night.
Never did troops, either continental or militia, behave better than ours
did. Every one that had an opportunity (which they mostly all had) vied
with each other who could serve the country most. In the latter part of
the day the militia flocked from all quarters and gave the enemy no
respite till the day closed the scene.*
The fighting on this occasion-took place mostly on the ris
ing ground, back of the Farms' village, and on the east side
of the Rahway river : —
In the hope of preserving the Farms [village] Colonel Dayton, who at
that time commanded the militia, determined not to halt in the settlement,
but to take post at a narrow pass on the road leading to Springfield.f
Both parties, therefore, passed through the village, without
damage to the dwelling-houses. Many, if not the most, of
these houses were, at noon and in the afternoon, " filled with
their wounded."
In the course of the afternoon, the British Commander
"learned from Prisoners and Deserters, that Washington had
got time to occupy with all his force the strong post of Short
Hills." This information at once put an end to all thoughts
of advance. A retrograde movement was, at the close of the
day, determined upon, to be executed, however, only after
night fall.$
Preparations, accordingly, were made for an encampment.
Lieut. Mathew, of the Coldstream Guards, says, —
Finding that the night would come on before we reached Springfield,
we retreated to a very commanding ground near a place or village called
Connecticut Farms, which we burnt on our retreat afterwards. Here
the army divided their ground, and sent out pickets, expecting to lay here
tho whole night. I was on a picket. I went on it about five o'clock in
» Hist. Magazlno, III. 233. t Marshall's Washington, IV. 225.
X N. T. Col, Docmts., VIII. 793.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 491
the evening. It was in the skirts of a wood ; the rebels kept firing on it
from the time I went on till dark.*
As soon as it was determined to advance no further, the
soldiers seem to have commenced the work of plundering,
which was most effectually prosecuted, Gov. Robertson
himself sharing in the plunder. The village consisted of a
house of worship belonging to the Presbyterian church, (a
frame building), and eight or ten dwelling houses, besides
stores, shops, and outhouses. The buildings were first given
up to pillage — thoroughly ransacked, and every thing portable
carried off. They were then fired and burnt down. The
church-edifice shared .the same fate. The houses on the road
running east from the church, belonging respectively to
Benjamin Thompson, Moses Thompson, John Wade, and
Robert Wade, and the house belonging to Caleb Wade, at
the foot of the hill on which the church stood, were thus
destroyed.-}- The parsonage was on the street, running north and south,
that bounds the village on the west. It was on the eastern
side of the street fronting west. The last pastor of the church,
Rev. Benjamin Hait, had died, June 27, 1779. The Rev.
Mr. Caldwell, of Elizabeth Town, by the advice of friends,
had, shortly after Mr. Hait's decease, rented the vacant par
sonage, and occupied it with his family, having removed
thither from Springfield. Mr. Caldwell had vainly endeav
ored, when the alarm was given in the morning, to induce
his wife to seek, with him and the elder children, a place of
greater security. She concluded to trust Providence and
remain at home, " under the persuasion that her presence
might serve to protect " the house " from pillage, and that
her person could not possibly be endangered." %
Thacher, who was with Washington, on this occasion, says,
in his Military Journal, that, " on the arrival of the royal
troops Mrs. Caldwell entertained the officers with refresh
ments, and after they had retired she and a young woman,
having Mrs. Caldwell's infant child in her arms, seated them-
* Hist. Mag., 1. 104. t Barber's N. J. Hist. Coll., p. 196.
3 Barber's N. J. Hist. Coll., p. 196. Brown's Life of Eev. Dr. Finley, pp. 240, 1.

492 THE HISTORY OF
selves on the bed." Another account, published seven days .
after the occurrence, says, —
Mrs. Caldwell retired into a back room which was so situated that she
was entirely secured against trausient shot from either party, should they
dispute the ground near the house, which happened not to be the case.
The babe [Maria] was in the arms of the housekeeper [Catharine Bernard,
or a small girl, named Abigail Lemington] ; the other child the mother
held by the hand, all sitting upon the side of the bed, when one of the
barbarians advancing round the house, took the advantage of a small
space, through which the room was accessible, and fired two balls into
that amiable lady, so well directed that they ended her life in a moment.*
The circumstances of her death are variously related. The
most particular, and the most plausible statement is the
following : —
The maid, who had accompanied her to this secluded apartment and
had charge of the other small children, on looking out of a window into
the back yard, observed to Mrs. Caldwell, that ' a red-coat soldier had
jumped over the fence, and was coming up to the window with a gun.'
Her youngest son, [Elias Boudinot], nearly two years old, playing upon
the floor, on hearing what the maid said, called out — ' Let me see ! Let
me see! ' and ran that way. Mrs. Caldwell rose from sitting on a bed
very near ; and at this moment, the soldier fired his musket at her through
the window. It was loaded with two balls, which both passed through
her body.t
Thacher says, that, at the sight of the soldier, Mrs. Cald
well exclaimed — " Don't attempt to scare me 1 " when the
soldier fired, shooting her through the breast, and she instant
ly expired.^
That it was a British soldier that killed her is fully estab
lished ; and that it was not a random shot, is also clear. But
that she was known to the murderer, or that he was seeking
to gratify a personal malice, is not evident. It was, at all
events, an act of fiendish barbarity, that made the British
name still more execrable, not only by her townsmen, but
by the whole American people.
Conflicting statements; also, are made as to the disposal of
the corpse. Thacher says, that "a British officer soon after
* N. J. Journal, No. 70. Cotharlno Bernard was married, the next year, to John Spioer, of
Turkey. t Brown's Life of Finley, p. 241. 3 Tbaehor's Journal, p. 193.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 493
came and throwing his cloak over the corpse, carried it to
the next house." A correspondent of the New Jersey
Gazette, under date of June 13th, says, " I saw her corpse
and was informed by the neighbors, it was with infinite pains
they obtained leave to bring her body from the house before
they set fire to it." *
The house to which the body was conveyed belonged to
Capt. Henry Wade. It was a small building, on the opposite
side of the street [the site~of which has of late been occupied
by the family of Mr. Phineas Crilley], one of the only two
dwelling-houses in the village that escaped the flames.
There Mr. Caldwell found it the next morning, and thence,
the same day, it was, with appropriate ceremonies, carried
to the grave. Three months after he published a most af
fecting appeal on the subject, that made a deep impression
on the public mind, f
The expedition proved a miserable failure. This great
array of disciplined troops, horse and foot, and flying artil
lery, so confident, in the morning, of reaching the American
camp at Morris Town, and breaking up the rebellion, were
held at bay by a few hastily-gathered militia, driven back,
and, after the inglorious destruction by fire of the little ham
let at Connecticut Farms, compelled, the same night, in the
midst of drenching rain, and through mud and marsh, to re
treat to the point of departure. Says Lieut. Mathew, —
About ten o'clock the whole army got in motion and moved off. It
was so exceedingly dark, and there was such strict silence observed, that
one regiment could not perceive the adjoining regiment going off. . . . It was
the darkest night I can remember in my life, with the most heavy rain,
thunder and lightning known in this country for many years. ... It rained,
I think, harder than I ever knew, and thundered and lightened so se
verely as to frighten the horses, and once or twice the whole army halted,
being deprived of sight for a time. General Knyphausen's horse started
so as to throw the general.
We contmued our march until we reached the bank of the creek
[Sound] which we had crossed in the morning. Nothing more awful than
this retreat can be imagined. The rain, with the terrible thunder and
* N. J. Gazette, No. 130. N. J. Journal, No. 70, 73.
t Barber's N. J. Hist. Coll., p. 197. N. J. Journal, No. 81. For further particulars, see
Mrs. Ellet's " Women of the Revolution," II. 108-113, 73.

494 THE HISTORY OF
lightning, the darkness of the night, the houses at Connecticut Farms,
which we had set fire to, in a blaze, the dead bodies which the light of
the fire or the lightning showed you now and then on the road, and the
dread of an enemy, completed the scene of horror. . . . We halted at the side
of the creek, and took up our ground and the whole army encamped. *
As the result of the day's encounter, Gen. Maxwell re
ported one ensign [Moses Ogden, of E. Town, get. 19] killed,
and three lieutenants wounded, seven privates killed, twenty
eight wounded, and five .missing. The militia, also, lost
several and had a number wounded. The enemy lost three
times the number. Gen. Stirling died of his wound, nearly
a year later.
The Tories were so sure of the enemy's succeeding, that they sent word
to their friends in Elizabeth Town that they should pay them a visit the
day after the enemy came over, t
It is safe to say, that the visit was not paid. It is quite
certain that the town, " the day after," was not a very agree
able place for men that could glory in Knyphausen and his
deeds. The scouts that followed after the retreating foe, on their
return, reported, that they had passed over to Staten Island,
all but about five hundred men left behind to entrench them
selves at the Point. They encamped between the Old Point
and De Hart's house. Lord Stirling, the senior in command
below the Hills, is reported to have said, thereupon, to Gen
eral Hand, — " Take your brigade, Hand, and the two bri
gades of militia, and go down and bring up those fellows at
the Point." The columns, numbering about fifteen hundred,
were soon put in marching order, to rendezvous at Elizabeth
Town. Here the troops were marshaled for the attack. The
Continentals under Gen. Hand, had the centre, with a mili
tia brigade on the right and left. They advanced in three
columns, designing to assault the enemy in as many points
at once.
The advance corps of the left brigade cut off and captured
the picket guard of the enemy. This brigade were much ex
posed before reaching their point of attack, in crossing a
* Historical Magazine 1. 104, 5. t Barber's N. J. Hist. Coll., p. 192.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 495
meadow, and drew forth so heavy a fire of artillery from the
enemy, as to show that they were in full force. Hand con
trived, therefore, to give the attack the appearance of a feint,
and drew off his troops so deliberately as to make the enemy
believe, that he was simply executing a manoeuvre, designed
to draw them from their fortifications. He succeeded in ef
fecting his retreat to the town without being pursued. The
cannonade, at one time, was very heavy, and would have
done fearful execution, had their aim been lower, nearly all
the balls passing over the heads of the troops on their ad
vance. *
The account, given of this affair, by the other side, is as
follows : —
On Thursday the eighth instant, the rebels advanced in some force to
Elizabeth Town, and made an attack upon the twenty-second regiment,
which was posted some little distance in front of the line. This regiment
was ordered to fall back, and the rebels conceiving it was the rear guard
of the army, they advanced with some rapidity, but were soon checked,
and retired with precipitation, t
The ground occupied by the contending forces on this oc
casion is now covered by the factories, warehouses, and resi
dences of Elizabeth Port — the First Ward of the City of
Elizabeth. The British army continued in the occupation of this post,
during the next fortnight, behind the fortifications thrown
up by the Americans more than four years before, continual
skirmishes taking place between the lines. Lieut. Mathew
says —
During our stay here we erected three small works by the landing to
cover our retreat, and made a bridge over the creek [Sound]. The bridge
was the best of the kind I ever saw. There were very large planks laid
across sloops, and wide enough for five or six men to march abreast. The
whole time we lay here, the rebels were continually firing on our pickets
and advanced posts ; by which means they wounded and killed some
Yagers who were advanced, and also wounded Mr. Hill of the Engineers,
and other officers ; and if they could not fire on our men they would fire
on the horses, f
* Jones' Life of Dr. Green, pp. 111-4. t Eivington's Gazette, No. 889.
t Hist. Mag., 1. 105.

496 THE HISTORY OF
The situation of the town during this period was any thing
but enviable. Almost daily they were visited by portions
of one army or the other — placed between two fires.
Gen. Wm. Irvine, from the " Camp Short Hills, June
18th," wrote to his wife at Carlisle, Pa., as follows :
The Enemy lie still at Elizabethtown Point, about ten miles from here.
We have small parties down near them every day, but there is but little
damage done on either side. We have taken at different times some forty
prisoners. . . . We have been now thirteen days at this place without Tents
or Baggage. No covering except boughs of Trees and bark, which, how
ever, is cool and pleasant in the heat of the day, and serves to keep out
a good deal of rain. Notwithstanding these privations, we have not had
a man sick, since we have taken the field. One consolation we have, the
Enemy are worse off than we are. They have no Tents and are hemed
in a narrow neck of land, whilst we have a wide extent of country. You
may think your situation happy indeed my love when compared with
that of the poor people of this part of our country. It grieves me be
yond expression to see their distressed situation — particularly that of the
women and children. Murder and Bapine await them wherever these
ba3-barians come. Were it possible, I would suffer a thousand deaths
rather than see you in the situation, some poor gentlemen here are forced
to see their wives and daughters left in. *
The attempt to penetrate to Washington's Damp, by the
way of the Short Hills, was renewed a few days later, Sir
Henry Clinton taking the oversight of the affair. The Brit
ish left their camp at the Point, before day, on Friday, the
23d, and marched forward — an imposing force of about
five thousand men, besides dragoons, and_ fifteen or twenty
pieces of artillery, superior to any force that Washington
could oppose to them. Having driven in the American
pickets, they pressed on without obstruction to Connecticut
Farms, which they reached about sunrise. From this point,
they proceeded, in two compact columns ; the right taking
the more circuitous road, on the north, that leads through
Headley Town, Vauxhall, and Milburn, and unites with the
main road just below the principal pass of the Short Hills,
back of Springfield; the left, taking the road that leads
directly from " the Farms," over the Rahway river to Spring-
* Hist. Mag , VII. 81.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 497
field, with which route they had become painfully familiar,
on their previous expedition.
As soon as the enemy were seen, from the signal station
on Prospect Hill, the 18-pounder and the tar-barrel were
again fired. The militia began immediately to collect from
every quarter ; the troops, that were guarding the several
passes over the Hills, were hastily called in, and posted, so
as at once to resist the advancing foe, protect the American
flanks, and secure a retreat, if needed. Major Lee, with the
horse, and the pickets, under Capt. Walker, took post at
Little's Bridge, on the Vauxhall road, supported by Col. Og
den's command. The defence of the village, against the left
column of the enemy, was entrusted to Col. Dayton's regi
ment of the Jersey brigade. Stark's brigade, and the re
mainder of Maxwell's, were drawn up on the heights near
the mill in the rear of the village, with the militia on the
flanks. In the disposal of his regiment, Col. Dayton stationed
Col. Angell of Rhode Island, with about two hundred men
and a piece of artillery, at the first bridge over the principal
stream, on the main road, in front of the town ; and Col.
Shreve, with a detachment, at the second bridge, over a
smaller stream, on the same road, behind the town, so as to
cover the retreat of Col. Angell's forces. The planks of the
bridges in front had been removed.
As the van of the enemy approached the first bridge, they
began to manoeuvre, in such a way, and so long — nearly two
hours — as to convince Gen. Greene, that they were moving
on his flanks. In the meantime, the right column of the
enemy advanced, along the Yauxhall road, to the bridge de
fended by Major Lee and Captain Walker. Here they met
with a stout resistance from the dragoons and pickets ; but,
having forded the river higher up, and gained the point of
the hill near by, Lee and Walker were compelled to retire.
As soon as it was known, that the right column had reached
the bridge in front of Lee, the left column advanced in force
¦against Col. Angell at the lower bridge, and after a hotly-
contested struggle of forty minutes, compelled him to retire,
32

498 TIIE HISTORY OF
behind the second bridge, in good order, carrying off his
wounded. Col. Shreve, in like manner, was compelled to
give way, after covering Angell's retreat, when both com
mands fell back, and joined Maxwell and Stark, on the high
ground in the rear. Two regiments, Col. Webb's (under
Lt.-Col. Huntington's command), and Col. Jackson's, with
one piece of artillery, were posted on the Yauxhall road to
the left, so as to cover Lee's retreat, and oppose the advance
of the enemy's right column, while the main body were
posted on the first range of hills in the rear of Byram's
tavern. During the heat of the contest with Dayton's regiment, it
is related of his chaplain, Mr. Caldwell, that he showed the
utmost ardor in the fight, as if he would avenge himself for
the murder of his beloved wife. To supply the men with
wadding for their fire-locks, he galloped to the church, near
by, and brought back an arm-full of psalm-books, and as he
handed them around, he shouted — "Now put Watts into
them, boys ! "
Having gained possession of the village, and observed how
every post in front was occupied by the continentals, and the
militia whose numbers were continually increasing, the en
emy showed no disposition to press forward. Fearing, too,
as they learned from their scouts of the approach of the
brigade sent out by Washington, that their retreat might be
cut off, they determined to proceed no farther, but to retrace
their steps as before. The work of plunder now began, and
house after house was rifled of its valuables, fired and burned
to the ground. Nineteen dwelling-houses and the Presbyte
rian church were thus destroyed. Only four dwelling-houses
were spared, being occupied by their wounded. Foiled com
pletely in their object, now as before, they once more took
up their backward line of march, and disappeared as rapidly
as they came, pursued and galled, by a detachment of 120
regulars under Capt. Davis, and a large body of militia, who
fell upon their rear and flanks, and pursued them almost to
their fortifications at the Point. The sight of the burning
dwellings almost maddened the militia, who eagerly sought

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 499
to take off the red-coated marauders. Maj. Lee, with his
dragoons, also, fell upon their rear, and captured some of
the refugees that accompanied the army, and some of the
tories who had joined them and welcomed their coming.
The enemy, crest-fallen, and severely punished for their
audacity, entered Elizabeth Town, on their return, about sun
set, closely pursued by Stark's brigade, which, in their eager
ness to escape, they effectually distanced by their precipitate
flight. Having reached, before dark, the cover of their for
tifications, they rested until midnight, when they crossed the
Sound on their bridge of boats, which, of course, they took
up and removed, as their rear-guard passed over. Gen.
Dickinson marched the militia to the Point the next day,
and effectually demolished the works which the enemy had
constructed, and then dismissed the brave yeomanry, with
great reputation, to their homes.
The loss of the Americans, in the several contests of the
day, as reported by L.-Col.-Barber, Deputy Adj. Gen., was,
13 killed and 49 wounded. The militia had none killed,
only twelve wounded, and nine missing. Only one officer
was slain, First Lieut. Thompson, of the artillery. The loss
of the enemy is not recorded. It must have been very con
siderable. Lieut. Mathew says, that " in this expedition to
the Jerseys, . . . there were not less, than five hundred killed,
wounded and missing, besides Officers," among whom was
Brig. Gen. Stirling.*
Thus ended, so far as this town is concerned, the most
memorable campaign of the war. The whole of these ex
ploits, from the 7th to the 23d of June, occurred within the-
territorial limits of the Old Borough. That, on both these
occasions, so p'owerful and well organized a force should-
have been held at bay, and then driven back, by so small a
body of continentals, aided by the militia from their farms-
* N. J. Journal, No. 72. N. J. Gazette, Nos. 131, 2. Gordon's Eev. War, III. 60. Thach-
er's Journal, pp. 196-7. Marshall's Washington, IV. 284-6. Gordon's N. J., p. 306. Bar
ber's N. J. Hist. Coll., pp. 193-5. Sparks' Washington, VII. 85-7, 506-9. . Sedgwick's Livings
ton, pp. 351-5. Duer's Stirling, pp. 207-8. Irving's Washington, IV. 67-72. Jones' Life of
Green, pp. 115-23. Tomes' Battles of America, II. 233-5. N. T. Col. Docmts., VIII. 791.
Moore's Diary, II. 291-2.

500 THE HISTORY OF
and workshops, — not more than a thousand, on the 23d, hav
ing, at any one time, been brought iDto action, — reflects great
credit on both the patriotism and bravery of the people.
Washington was delighted with their services ; June 25th,
he thus writes : —
The militia deserve everything that can be 'said on both occasions.
They flew to arms universally and acted with a spirit equal to any thing
I have seen in the course of the war. *
From this time forward, the people were mostly permitted
to remain at home, in the cultivation of their fields, and in
the pursuits of trade. The harvests were gathered without
interruption, and the wastes of the war were in part repaired.
As the enemy, however, still continued in force on Staten
Island, it became necessary to guard against a repetition of
these outrages. In consequence of the exposed condition of
the post, no more military stores were to be kept here — thus
removing one of the strong temptations to these marauding
expeditions. The partisan warfare, from which individuals had so se
verely suffered, was still continued. The refugees on Staten
Island were specially malignant and troublesome. The fol
lowing notice, published, Nov. 8th, shows something of the
danger to which the prominent friends of the country were
continually exposed : —
On Saturday night last [4th] Smith Hetfield, Cornelius Hetfield, Elias
Man, and some others, came over from Staten Island to Elizabeth Town,
where they were informed that Col. [Matthias] Ogden of the first Jersey
regiment, and Captain [Jonathan] Dayton, of the third, were to lodge
that night at William Herd's at Connecticut Farms, to which place they
hastened, made them both prisoners, and carried them off unmolested to
Staten Island.
Gaines, under date of Sep. 23d, represents that the people
suffered, also, from the foraging parties of their own army : —
Last Week a Party of Moyland's Light Horse were at Elizabeth Town,
collecting cattle for the Hse of the Eebel Army. They took a pair of fat
Oxen out of a Toam on the Bead, and gave the Driver a receipt for them ;
They then proceeded to the Point Meadows, and took away every Hoof
* N.J. Gazette, No. 182.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 501
from them, but were opposed on the Way by the Militia and the Com
missioners of the Place, who obliged them to relinquish their Booty.
Under date of Dec. 18, 1780, Gaines says, —
On Thursday evening last [14th] Mr. Elias Mann and a Party of Men
under his command, attacked the Rebel Picket at Elizabeth Town ; they
killed two, and took six of the Eebels, one only escaped. The prisoners
were brought in here on Saturday last, with two other Eebels taken by
the same enterprising Party a few days before.*
The same authority, Nov. 25th, says, —
Yesterday Captain Cornelius Hetfield, with adventure, peculiar to him
self, after an incursion upon the Jonathans in Jersey, brought off a lieute
nant and five or six others, t
This daring partisan seems constantly to have been plot
ting against his former friends and neighbors, with an ambi
tion and courage worthy of a better cause. On the 25th of
January, 1781, he and four other refugees, all formerly from
this town, arrested, on Staten Island, Stephen Ball, a London
trader from Rahway, (a son of David Ball), and took him
first to Gen. Patterson, and then to Gen. Skinner, both of
whom refused to proceed against him, on the charge that he
had aided in the execution, in 1779, of Thomas Long, a New
Jersey refugee ; when they took him over to Bergen Point,
and, without judge or jury, hung him, as a spy, by the neck,
until he was dead4
On Friday, the 23d of February, the same party came
by night to Elizabeth Town, and captured Captain Craig, of
the State Regiment, aud four other inhabitants. The next
week, Thursday, March 1st, they found their way by night to
Rahway, and carried off John Clawson, Esq., one of the Com
missioners for selling the confiscated estates — against whom,
therefore, they had a peculiar grudge.§
The year 1781 was noted in this neighborhood for the fre
quency with which the nocturnal incursions of the " Cow
boys " and other plunderers, from Staten Island, disturbed
* Gaines' Mercury, Nos. 1510, 1522. Eivington's Gazette, No. 417.
t Ibid, No. 434. Gaines' Mercury, No. 1519.
X Eivington's Gazette, No. 454. N. J. Journal, No. 106. New York Gazetteor, No. 96.
§ N. J. Journal, Nos. 106, 7. Eivington, No. 461. Gaines, Nos. 1532. 3.

502 THE HISTORY OF
the peace and comfort of the border population. The fol
lowing notices may serve to show, to some extent, in what a
state of excitement and serious alarm, the people of this town,
who still remained in the occupation of their dwelling-houses,
must have lived. The N. J. Journal of the 28th of March,
says- Last Wednesday night [21st] a party of refugees from Staten Island was
over at Eahway, plundering and kidnapping every one they came across.
They carried off, we hear, near a dozen of the inhabitants prisoners.
The same Journal of the 4th of April, says, —
On Monday night the 26th nit., a detachment of eight men from the
state troops in Elizabeth Town, went over to Staten Island and brought off
a Lieutenant and one private of the militia. They took two more, but the
wind blowing fresh, and their boat small, incapacitated them so much,
that they could not bring them over.*
Retaliation followed the next day, of which a statement is
made by the same annalist, as follows : —
On Tuesday night, the 27th ult., about two hundred regulars and re
fugees from Staten Island, under the command of Major Beckwith, who
had eluded, by circuitous routes, the vigilance of the different patroles,
entered Elizabeth Town, in four divisions, where they captured ten of
the inhabitants, 1 Lieut, and 3 privates of the State troops, and 2 con
tinental soldiers. They stayed about an hour and a-half in town, and
then retreated, with the loss of one man killed and another taken prisoner.
They plundered the house of Mr. Joseph Crane to a very considerable
amount.! It was a party of the 37th regiment, under command of
Capt. Beckwith, according to the New York papers, that
performed this exploit : —
Finding the rebels dispersed in the houses, he immediately went to
their alarm post, where, by beating to arms, be drew a Lieutenant and
many of his soldiers to him, whom he made prisoners.!
Among the most active of the partisans, on the American
side, was Capt. Baker Hendricks, a cousin of the noted John
Smith Hatfield, on the other side. Washington had employ
ed him, at an earlier period, as a spy ; in which capacity he
* N. J. Journol, Nos. 110, 113. t Ibid., No. 111.
t Qainos' Morcury, No. 1537. Eivington's Gazette, No. 470.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 503
had been allowed to trade with the enemy on Staten Island.
Gov. Livingston had commissioned him, Sept. 19, 1780, to fit
out two whale-boats, the " Flying Squirrel," and " Charming
Betsey," as privateers, to prey on the enemy's vessels. He
was, at this time about 24 years of age. The Journal of the
18th of April says, —
Last Monday night [16th] Capt. Baker Hendricks went from Elizabeth
Town to Staten Island and brought off one Lieut, and a private of the
Eefugees, and one inhabitant. — Previous to the above, a party went over
and brought off a Captain.*
The N. J. Gazette of the 9 th of May says,—
On [Saturday] the 21st ult. a party of about seventy of the enemy came
over to Elizabeth Town, from Staten Island. They landed at Halstead's
Point, and were discovered between that place and the town by Capt.
Hendricks, who was patroling with about ten or twelve men, and though
so much inferior in number, he kept up a smart fire on them, which pre
vented them from penetrating farther into town than Doctor Winans's. —
After collecting a few horses, &c, firing through the windows in the
room where Mrs. Winans was sitting, by which a boy was wounded in
the arm, and burning the house of Mr. Ephraim Marsh, they went off to
their boats.t
A New York paper says, that the party was " a detach
ment of General Skinner's Corps, under his command," ac
companied, as usual, by Captain Cornelius Hatfield with
some of his Refugees, as guides. It says .further, that
Captain McMichael of the Eefugee Post at Bergen Point, who had been
taken out of a flag [boat] by the rebels, and held in irons, was upon this
occasion relieved, and restored to his companions. We have only to
regret the loss of Mr. Elias Mann, who has ever distinguished himself on
all occasions since the rebellion, as a brave and active Loyalist. He was
unfortunately killed by a shot from a skulking party, as the troops were
reembarking. Captain Hetfield and one private were slightly wounded.}:
A visit from the " Cowboys " of Bergen is mentioned in
the Journal of the 9th of May : —
On Friday last [4th] a parly of the enemy from the refugee post at
Bergen Point came over to Elizabeth Town Point, and before our people
were alarmed, collected about fifty head of cattle, which they drove on
* N. J. Gazette, No. 234. N. J. Journal, No. 113.
r N. J. Gazette, No. 176. N. J, Journal, No. 114. J Gaines' Mercury, No. 1541.

504 THE HISTORY OF
the great meadows where they took them onboard, under cover of a field
piece and some armed vessels.*
A retaliatory visit to Staten Island soon followed, of which
no account appears but in the N. York papers : —
On Tuesday night the 8th Instant, Captain Hendricks (a noted Eebel)
from Elizabeth Town, with another Eebel Officer, a Serjeant, and eleven
Privates, came on Staten Island, in order to take off the Patrole of the
First Battalion New Jersey Yolunteers, and to plunder the Inhabitants,
but finding the Patrole, commanded by Ensign Barton, too alert for their
Purpose, the Eebels concealed themselves in a Wood a short Distance
from the House of one Salter, and as soon as they observed the Patrole
leaving the Neighborhood, they immediately surrounded Salter's House. —
The Patrole, though at a Distance, concluding they saw Eebels, turned
back, attacked and soon put them to Flight, and notwithstanding their
Agility two were made Prisoners ; the Serjeant loosing himself was
secured by the Militia ; and had it not been for the Ardour of the Troops,
which suffered no Loss, the whole Gang would have been taken. We
hear that Hendricks received a slight Wound and that one of his Party
was killed.!
This affair was served up in the tory papers, with con
siderable embellishment as usual. It would no doubt have
appeared very different in one of the Jersey papers.
These excursions from either side of the border uniformly
occurred by night, and generally, it is presumed, on moonless
nights. It became necessary to use great vigilance in watch
ing every exposed point, and guarding every avenue of ap
proach. Sentinels were posted in the streets, and called the
passer-by to account. On Saturday night, June 2d, David
Woodruff and Philip McCrea were walking together along
one of the streets in town, when they were hailed by the
sentinel ; but not answering, the sentinel fired, and killed
McCrea on the spot. Sad scenes were of almost daily oc
currence.^: That part of the town bordering on the Rahway river was
frequently visited by these rapacious marauders. Rivington,
with his wonted exaggerations, in his paper of June 30th,
has the following account : —
* N.J. Journal, No. 116.
t Gaines' Mercury, No. 1543. Eivington's Gazette, No. 4S8.
X N. J. Journal, No. 120.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 505
Last night a detachment of the garrison, of about thirty- six men, in
cluding two Serjeants, under the command of Lieutenant Hutchinson and
Ensign Barton, First Battalion New Jersey Volunteers, with about thirty-
four Eefugees and militia, under the command of Captains Durham and
Eobins, landed at Trembly's Point, near the mouth of Eaway river, and
surrounded Tairil's tavern, in order to take three rebel light horse, whose
business was to patrole down the Sound, and to give notice of any troops
coming from Staten Island, but unfortunately those fellows were gone to
Westfield. The troops then proceeded to one Captain Amos Morse's, who
was surprized, and taken out of bed with four other rebels, after this they
took between thirty and forty head of cattle, amongst which are six good
oxen, and about eighty sheep, which were drove to Trembly's Point. The
rebels collected to the amount of about forty harassing the rear as usual.
Lieut. Hutchinson formed an ambuscade unperceived by the rebels, which
had its desired effect, fifteen rebels past hollowing damn the Eefugees,
cut them down ; up the troops arose from the place where they were
secreted, the rebels observing this stood aghast, threw down their arms,
others stood with arms in their hand, on this occasion ten were made
prisoners ; some time after this, about twenty Eebels collected near the
Point, on whom a charge was made, and some taken prisoners, the troops
and the refugees then embarked with the greatest regularity and good '
order, with all their cattle and sheep, and came safe to Staten Island ; not
one of the troops received the least injury, one of the refugees received
a spent ball on his thigh, which had no other effect than leaving its mark.
The troops and refugees behaved with the greatest bravery on this occa
sion, twenty rebels are made prisoners, two of whom are wounded, some
were killed, its not doubted but several were wounded, as several were
heard to scream and hollow ; the names of the prisoners follows : — Cap
tain Amos Morse, Isaac Marsh, John Everit, Hambleton Eoberts, George
Mitcbel Deeds, Isaac Haynes, William Brant, Eiehard Lee, Jacob Brook
field, Gershom Brookfield, Jeremiah Bird, Isaac Drake, Asher Coddington,
David Thorp, John Tucker, David Hetfield, Joseph Hynes, William Oliver,
sen., Ebenezer Williams, and William Oliver, jun. The above Captain
Morse is the notorious villain mentioned in a late hand bill giving an ac
count of the death and sufferings of that unfortunate victim, Mr. Thomas
Long, who died by the hand of rebel cruelty, to which we beg leave to
refer our readers.*
The N. Jersey Journal of the 27th of June, says that this
visit occurred " yesterday morning," and that " our people
. . . killed two of the enemy which they left on the field, but
it is supposed they had several more killed and wounded
* Eivington's Gazette, No. 496.

506 THE HISTORY OF
which they carried off. Two of their party deserted and
came over to our troops." *
The northern part of the town received attention soon after.
The Mercury of the 23d of July, says, —
Yesterday evening Lieutenant Obadiah Meeker, and fourteen Privates,
of the New Je3-sey Eebel Militia, were sent to Town [New York] from
Staten Island, they were taken the Night before by a Party of Eefugees
between Newark and Elizabeth Town under the command of Captain
Hetfield.t Lord Cornwall is surrendered, Oct. 17th, his whole army
and munitions of war at Yorktown, Ya., to Gen. Washington.
That grand' event, as soon as known, was everywhere cele
brated with demonstrations of delight and exultation. To
the extent that it raised the hopes and expectations of the
patriots, it depressed and discouraged the refugees and their
British supporters. Preparations, therefore, soon after began
to be made for emigration to the British provinces, great
apprehensions being felt, among them, for their personal
safety, at the close of the war now so obviously drawing to
an end. The refugees on Staten Island began to find out,
that the border warfare, in which they had so long been en
gaged, was the worst kind of policy for their personal in
terests — that it was the surest possible way of preventing
their own restoration to the favor of their countrymen, and
the recovery of their confiscated estates.
From this time the war with Staten Island, which had
been carried forward so persistently for more than five years,
lost much of its asperity, and sensibly declined in spirit. Not
that it was wholly intermitted, nor that vigilance was no
longer demanded on the outposts. Desperate characters
enough there were on the Island, who knew that they had
too deeply injured their townsmen to expect forgiveness ; and
these might, at any time, make a sudden foray upon the
stock, and plunder the people.
An entire exchange of prisoners had taken place early in
September, so that the citizens, as well as the soldiers, who
* N. J. Journal, No. 123 t Gaines' Mercury, No. 1553.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 507
had been captured by these marauding parties, and had not
died in prison, had been restored to their homes, and were
permitted to unite with their townsmen in their demonstra
tions of joy over the surrender of their old enemy, Lord
Cornwallis. So long a war, degenerating, as it had done in this locality,
into a series of predatory forays and midnight surprises, had
trained and let loose on society a class of desperadoes, — '
thieves and cut-throats, — ready to prey on any unfortunates
who felhinto their hands. An instance of the kind is related
in the New York papers of the 10th of November : —
Last Saturday [8th] William Hetfield, an inhabitant of Elizabeth Town,
Eahway, came to Staten Island with a small quantity of flour to dispose
of, &c. . . . On his return in the evening, he was met in the Sbund by one
Peter Terrat, a noted thief,- who supports himself and a gang of such mis
creants, by robbing and plundering ; to him and his party Hetfield sur
rendered himself; but after he was a prisoner, Terrat thought Hetfield
threw something overboard, on which the infernal fiend took a pistol out
of his pocket and shot him dead, laid the body on the bank of the Sound
and went off exulting with the other prisoners he had taken. Hetfield
has left a wife and several children to lament their loss.*
The victim was the son of David Hatfield, (an Elder of the
Rahway church, who had been captured in June, and had
now been restored to his home), and a cousin of J. Smith
Hatfield, the desperado of Staten Island. The latter, having
ventured to return openly to town in a flag-boat, was, to
gether with one of his comrades, Lewis Blanchard, (son of
John Blanchard and nephew of Capt. Cornelius Hatfield),
seized by some of the Westfield people, loaded with irons,
and hurried off to Burlington, w-here he was kept in close
confinement. This gave occasion to the foray, of which the
New York papers of the 6th of February, 1782, made men
tion as follows : —
Last Friday night [1st] a party consisting of thirty Eefugees, com
manded by Captain Cornelius Hetfield, proceeded from Staten Island to
Elizabeth Town, where they took nine prisoners ; amongst them Mr.
Eeed, a rebel contractor ; all were brought to Staten Island, where they
are treated in the same manner as is Mr. Smith Hetfield, lately seized by
* Gaines' Mercury, No. 1569. Eivington's Gazette, No. 534.

508 THE HISTORY OF
the Westfield people, though he was then under the sanction of a flag of
truce, carried into Burlington, and there loaded with irons ; these rebels
are by the Eefugees kept in close durance as hostages for the safe return
of Smith Hetfield, a valuable individual of their body. His companion,
Lewis Blanchard, fortunately escaping from the rebels at Princetown,
travelled two miles into a wood, where he was concealed till he could dis
engage himself from the chains with which he was loaded, and after
being flead by the intense frosts is arrived, an object of commiseration
amongst his overjoyed friends at Staten Island.*
The Sound, at this time^ was frozen over, of which advan
tage was taken. A very different account of this affair is
given by the Journal of the 6th : —
On Friday night a party of Eefugees, consisting of blacks and whites,
having formed a plan to intercept the people of this side as they passed
into the mea'dows for salt hay, came over and concealed themselves in a
swamp, and had made upwards of a dozen people, with their horses and
sleds, prisoners, when the alarm being given, they were pursued so close
that two of their party fell into our hands together with all they had
previously captured.!
It would scarcely seem that these two accounts relate to
the same event, and yet it is not at all probable that two
such forays occurred the same night.
Soon after the murder of the London trader related above,
the tragedy of the Rev. Mr. Caldwell's death occurred, Nov.
24th, filling tho whole community with sadness and grief.
The particulars of this' lamentable event will appear on a
subsequent page.
The following notice of Capt. Hendricks' exploits is found
in the Journal of the 12th of December : —
Last Thursday sennight, Captain Baker Hendricks, with a party of men
in whale boats, went down Newark Bay, near the Kills, when he boarded
and stripped two wood-boats, and took one prisoner — and on Thursday
night last he landed a small party of men on Bergen Neck, near the
Eefugee post, when he took two prisoners ; and on his return took three
noted villains, with provisions of all kinds.}:
A visit from some of the " Cowboys " of Staten Island is
thus described in the Journal of the 5th of December : —
* Gaines' Moronry, No. 15S2. Eivington's Gazette, No. 559.
t N. J. Journal, No. 155. } N. J. Journal, No. 147.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 509
Last Saturday night [1st] seven Eefugees from Staten Island landed at
Halstead's Point, with the expectation (as their leader told them) of
meeting some of their quondam friends with fat cattle ; but Captain
[Jonathan] Dayton having notice of their intention collected a party of
men, and knowing the route they were to take, laid in ambush for them,
though unfortunately a muddy place in the road had turned them a little
out, and obliged his party to fire through two fences, otherwise, in all
probability, they would have killed every one the first fire ; however they
killed one, mortally wounded another, and took three prisoners; the
other two, favoured by the shade of the night, and a good pair of heels,
made their escape. Three of the party were left in the gunboat, but
hearing a boat of ours coming out of the creek, pushed over to Staten
Island shore, nevertheless she fell into the hands of Lieutenant Eandall.
— It seems their leader, Swain Parsel, was a deserter from our army. On
his information David Oliver, a villain who has long been the supporter
of the illicit trade, and a dread to the inhabitants on the lines, was taken
the same night concealed in a house at Eahway.*
Two days afterwards, —
Sunday night [23d] Captain Baker Hend3-icks went over to Bergen and
made eight of the enemy prisoners.!
At the opening of navigation in the spring, the winter
having been unusually severe, —
Lieutenant Blanchard sailed with a party of men in a whale-boat last
Sunday, [March 10th], and took, off Elizabeth Town Point, a whale-boat,
in which was a Mr. Woodroffe and four other active rebels belonging to
New Jersey.J
On the night of the following Thursday [14th], —
A party of royal horse thieves under the command of the celebrated
Lewis Bobbins, . . made an incursion into Eahway. They set out for West-
field, to seize Sheriff Marsh, but as the roads were bad, and learning,
probably, that the Sheriff was not at home, they turned back, and made
their way to old David Miller's, capturing him, some of his sons, and his
horses. Having paroled the old man, because of his infirmities, they
proceeded to Peter Trembly's, whom they seized and robbed' of all his
money and papers. They took, also, a Peter Horn. But, at the sudden
discharge of a gun, they paroled their prisoners and fled.
The next night, Capt. Baker Hendricks, and Mr. Luther
Baldwin, with a small party of men, went over in a whale-
boat to Staten Island, where they " surprized and took a
* N. J. Journal, No. 146. t Ibid., No. 149. X Eivington's Gazette, No. 570.

510 THE HISTORY OF
sloop armed with two three-pounders, two blunderbusses,
and manned with five hands ; " as the sloop was aground,
they " stripped her of arms, sails, rigging, cable, anchor and
long boat." Two other sloops they served in like manner.
Even the flag-boats suffered from the depredators on the
Sound ; Rivington says, —
Last Friday [March 15th] a vessel with a Flag of truce sailed from this
garrison [N. York] for Elizabeth Town Point, in which went a Hessian
Paymaster with a large sum of money for the use of the Hessian prison
ers in Pennsylvania. Same night about 12 o'clock, a rebel whale-boat
boarded the flag vessel at said Point, the crew of which seized the cash
which the Hessian gentleman had in charge for the before mentioned
purpose. Several other gentlemen on board the flag were also robbed
of what cash they had with them.*
The American account presents quite a different aspect of
this affair : — ¦
Thursday night a flag of truce, on her way to this shore, was boarded,
near Shuter's Island, by some men in disguise, and robbed of upwards of
two thousand guineas, being a part of a sum of money for Hie use of
Cornwallis' army. They also plundered several individuals that were on
board. The party that committed the above robbery, were supposed to
be refugees from New York or Staten Island.!
The amount, as afterwards appeared, was 900 guineas, the
losers having, as usual, magnified their loss.
The spring passed away in considerable quiet. Early in
June, Hendricks repeated his visits to Bergen : —
Friday, passed through this place [Chatham] under guard, seven tatter
demalions, taken the preceeding day [June 6th] by a party under the com
mand of Captain Hendricks.
Last Thursday morning [13th] Captain Baker Hendricks captured,
after some resistance, on Bergen Point, five refugees, which he brought
off.t Yet at this very time Hendricks was under accusation of
illicit intercourse with the enemy, and Gov. Livingston
withdrew his commission as a partisan commander.§
Tho foray of tho first of February, 1782, was the last to
which the town was subjected. It does not appear, that the
* Eivington's Gazette, Nos. 671, 5. Gatnos' Mercury, No. 1587.
t N. J. Journal, No. 181. t N. J. Journal, No. 176. 5 N. J. Gaiette, No. »*¦

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 511
enemy ventured again to cross the Sound, after this date,
on a marauding excursion within the limits of the borough.
The war, practically, came to an end, at that date, in this
section. Some depredations were committed, and some
captures made, on the waters in the vicinity, but none on
land. Capt. Cornelius Hatfield, disgusted with the results
of his visits to his native place, is found, April 10th, together
with Captain Blauvelt, at the head of an expedition of tories,
on the armed brig Arrogant, and capturing, a short distance
up the North River, a " pettiauger," and some small boats,
with about ten prisoners.*
In June, an expedition was fitted out from this town, of
which an account is given, as follows : —
Intelligence being received at Elizabeth Town of two whale boats,
fitted for a two months' cruise in the Delaware bay, lying at a wharf the
north side of Staten Island, a plan was concerted to surprize and b3-ing
them off, which was put in practice last Thursday night [20th], and the
boats, with all their appurtenances, were safely moored at Elizabeth
Town bridge next morning together with eighteen prisoners that were
on board, six of whom valuable Negroes. The party, continentals and
volunteers, consisted of upwards of thirty, commanded by Major [Wm.]
Crane. There was a sentinel in each boat, who hailed and attempted to
fire on the party, but their pieces providentially flashing in the pan, the
pa3-ty, regardless of danger, rushed on them with such impetuosity, that
they had not time to prime again, and a few moments put them in com
plete possession of their object, without any further alarm.t
At the October term of the Court of Oyer and Terminer
for Essex Co., George Hair was fined £600, " for letting
John Smith Hetfield escape," of which the following is an
account : —
Smith Hetfield, an infamous refugee, who has been committing dep
redations on the innocent inhabitants along the lines ever since the
commencement of the war, and was taken prisoner several months ago,
made his escape from the guard who had him in charge, on Saturday
night last [Sept. 21st]4
One act more of aggressive hostility, on the part of
citizens of this town, March, 1783, remains to be narrated.
* Gaines' Mercury, No. 1591. Eivington's Gazette, No. 573.
1- N. J. Journal, No. 176. t N. J. Gazette, No. 248.

512 THE HISTORY OF
It will be told, in the words of Major "Wm. Crane, the
leader of the enterprise, as written the next day : —
I have the pleasure to inform you of the capture of the sloop Katy,
of twelve double-fortified four-pounders, containing one hundred and
seventeen puncheons of Jamaica spirits, lying, at the time of capture,
within pistol-shot of the grand battery at New York, and along side of
the ship Eagle, of twenty four guns, which we also took, but were
obliged to leave there, as she lay aground. — The Captains and crews of
both the vessels were brought up by us in the sloop to this place, where
we have them secure. This was performed on the night of the third
of March [Monday], by six townsmen, under the command of Captain
Quigley and myself without the firing of a musket by any of our party.*
The vessel and cargo were sold at auction, at Elizabeth
Town, on Monday the 17th of March, f
The welcome news at length arrived at Philadelphia,
March 23d, that preliminary treaties between Great Britain,
France and Spain had been signed, at Paris, on the 20th of
January, thus rendering effectual the provisional treaty of
the 30th of November, 1782, between Great Britain and the
United States. On the reception of the news, and of his
instructions, Sir Guy Carleton hasted to proclaim a com
plete cessation of hostilities by sea and land ; and a similar
proclamation was ordered by Congress on the 11th of April.
The order was received at headquarters in Newburgh, N. Y.,
on the 17th, and proclamation was made accordingly to
every regiment and corps of the army, at noon of Saturday,
the 19th of April, precisely eight years from the actual
commencement of hostilities at Lexington, Mass.
* N. J. Gazette, No. 373. t Ibid., No. 272.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 513

CHAPTER XXIII.
A. D. 1Y60-1780.
Eccles3ASIICAl — Rev. Jas. Caldwell — Birth — Education — Ordination —
Settlement here — Visit of Whitefield — Revival — Elders and Deacons —
Rules for the Sexton — Chh. enlarged — Grammar School — Taught by Pem
berton, Reeve, Periam, Barber, and Baldwin — Am. Episcopate — Annual
Conventions — Another Revival — Increase of Salary — Mr. C. arraigned be
fore the Presbytery and cleared — His Patriotism — Chaplain of the N. J.
Brigade in the Northern Army — Return — Refuge from the British at Tur
key — Assistant Commissary General — Parsonage and Chh. burned — Retires
to Ct. Farms — Mrs. C. murdered — His Papers carried off — Retires, to
Turkey — Chosen one of the State Council — Murdered — Epitaph of Mr. C.
and his Wife — Their children.
Aftee the withdrawal of the Rev. Mr. Keteltas, in July,
1760, the pulpit of the First Presbyterian Church remained
vacant, more than a year and a half. During this interval,
the sanctuary was served by not less than twenty one differ
ent preachers. The Rev. Joseph Treat supplied the pulpit
twenty five Sabbaths ; Rev. James Caldwell, eleven Sab
baths ; and Rev. "Wm. Kirkpatrick, eight Sabbaths.*
At length, the congregation directed their attention to
the
REV. JAMES CALDWELL.
Mr. Caldwell was a Virginian. His father, John Caldwell,
of Scotch ancestry, came to this country with four sisters, his
wife, and several children, from the county of Antrim, Ire
land. He settled first at Chestnut Level, Lancaster Co., Pa-
Soon after he removed to the new settlements in the southern
part of Virginia, and located on Cub Creek, a branch of the
Staunton river, in what is now Charlotte Co. Here, in the
* Eecords of Trustees of Presb. Chh.
33

514 THE HISTORY OF
wilderness, James, the youngest of seven children, was born
in April, 1734. The place was generally known as " the
Caldwell settlement," or " Cub Creek." A daughter of one
of his brothers, also born here, was the mother of the. Hon.
John Caldwell Calhoun, of S. O, the well-known senator,
and leading statesman of the South.*
James was prepared for college under the instruction of
the Rev. John Todd, one of the ministers, whom the Rev.
Samuel Davies introduced in 1751, to aid him in supplying
the seven congregations then under his charge. The classical
school, founded by Mr. Todd, obtained considerable reputa
tion. He was regarded as a " New Light," as the friends of
revivals were then called. "Whitefield preached for him, in
January, 1755, with wonderful results. It is probable that
young Caldwell was one of the hearers on that occasion, and
received a life-long impulse for good.f
As Davies was deeply interested in the College of New
Jersey, and Todd had graduated there in 1749, Caldwell
also entered there. He came hither when the college was at
Newark, forming an acquaintance, while there, with the
young maiden to whom he was afterwards married. The last
two months of his senior year were spent under the instruc
tion of his friend Davies, who had succeeded Burr and Ed
wards in the Presidency.
He graduated, Sept., 1759, and pursued his theological
course of study under the tuition of President Davies. He
was licensed by the Presbytery of New Brunswick, July 29,
1760. He supplied the pulpit of the Elizabeth Town church,
on the third Sabbath after Mr. Keteltas' departure, and on
the following two Sabbaths ; also on the second Sabbath of
September. He was ordained, Sept. 17, 1760, by the Pres
bytery of New Brunswick, and appointed by the Synod "to
supply the southeim vacancies, particularly those in Caro
lina."'* He received a call from the Presbyterian Church of this
* Spraguo's Annuls, III. 223. Webster's Presb. Chh., pp. 831, 2. Jenkins' Calhoun,
pp. 20-1. 1 Webster's Tres. Chh., pp. 60S-9. Footo'B Virginia, 2d Series, pp. 45, 77, 78.
t Spraguo's Annals, III. 229. Records of the Presb. Chh., pp. 807, 311.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 515
town, in November, 1761, which he accepted. On his return
from the Carolinas, he was transferred from the Presbytery
of New Brunswick to the Presbytery of New York, by whom
he was duly installed, March, 1762, with an annual salary of
£160. He was, at the time, in the twenty seventh year of
his age, a young man of prepossessing appearance, and of
more than ordinary promise as a preacher of the gospel.
The Trustees of the Congregation, at the time, were Samuel
Woodruff, (President), Stephen Crane, Cornelius Hatfield,
Jonathan Dayton, Benjamin Winans, Moses Ogden, and Wil
liam Peartree Smith ; all of them, excepting Woodruff and
Smith, having served since 1753.
Immediately after the settlement of Mr. Caldwell, measures
were taken by the Trustees, to put the Church-Edifice and
grounds in order. It was voted, April 21, 1762, —
That the Burial Ground be inclosed with a close cedar Board Fence
wth red Cedar Posts and that a sufficient Number of Posts be set up before
the sd Fence for the Convenience of fastening Horses &c.
Also Agreed that a Neat Pale Fence be built to inclose a Court Yard in
the Front and South End of the Church with a double Bail on the out
side with convenient Turnpikes to defend the same from any injuries by
Horses &c and the sd Fences with well painted
Also it is agreed that the Church be painted within with some light
Color — and that any other necessay repairs be done.*
The work -was entrusted to Mr. Samuel Woodruff, Presi
dent of the Board, one of the most influential men of the
town, largely engaged in merchandize.
On the 14th of March, 1763, just one year after he entered
upon his pastoral ministrations, Mr. Caldwell was united in
marriage to Hannah, the daughter of John Ogden, Esq., and
Hannah Sayre, of Newark, N. J. Her father was the son
of Captain David Ogden, and the grandson of the first David
Ogden, who came with his father John Ogden, the planter,
from Long Island, and settled this town in 1664. Her
mother was a descendant of Joseph Sayre, another of the
founders of Elizabeth Town.
Mr. Caldwell and his people, in November, 1763, were
* Trustees' Book.

516 THE HISTORY OF
favored with a brief visit from the apostolic Whitefield,
which seems to have been followed by a revived interest in
religion. On his way from Philadelphia to New York, Mr.
Whitefield reached here greatly fatigued on the 26th, and the
next day being the Sabbath, preached twice in the Presbyte
rian Church, the Treasurer's account showing that the con
tributions, that day, were in consequence largely increased.
He had applied for the use of St. John's church, but greatly
to the disappointment and vexation of a large number of the
parish, his application was denied by the Rector, the Rev.
Mr. Chandler. Mr. Whitefield, in a note to a friend, from
New York, Dec. 1, 1763, thus alludes to this visit: —
Some very good impressions have been made in Philadelphia, and we
had four sweet seasons at New Jersey College, aud two at Elizabeth
Town on my way hither. Some said they resembled old times.*
The College had been favored with a revival of religion
since the preceding winter, and something of the same kind
occurred, as will be seen presently, in this town and vicinity.
Mr. Chandler, in reporting, July 5, 1764, to the Society by
which he was employed, the results of his missionary labors,
gives, also, an account of Mr. Caldwell, and the effects of his
preaching : — ¦
The Dissenting Teacher of this place is a man of some parts and of a
popular address and has. ye appearance of great Zeal and Piety. He
preaches frequently thrice on Sundays gives an Evening Lecture every
Thursday in the Meeting-house besides praying and exhorting from house
to house, many of my people of courso fall in with his Evening leotures,
and it is natural to suppose that some of them are captivated with
y° appeas-ance of so much Zeal and Piety. At ye same time ye Dis
senters almost to a man are watching every opportunity to promote ye
cause and not so much as a negro can fall in their way but some of them
will try to proselyte him and they are now provided with a very strong
argument for that purpose taken from those sudden and instantaneous
cosiversions which within 6 months have frequently happened in this and
y° adjacent Towns amongst y° Dissenters whereas there have been none
in y" Church.t
* Clark's St. John's Chh., pp. 101,2. Whltofleld's Letters, III. S00,1. Mr. Whitefield
visited the town again and pi-oaclied iu tho Presbyterian Church, during tho third ireek of
Juno, 1770. Clark's St. John's Chh., pp. 147-8.
t Clark's St. John's Chh.,"p. 104.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 517
These allusions clearly indicate, that the " zeal and piety,"
exhibited in the ministrations of Mr. Caldwell, had resulted
in a considerable revival of religion. The neighboring
congregation at Newark was favored about the same time
with similar manifestations of the presence of the Divine
Spirit.* At the close of the year 1765, the Elders and Deacons of
the church were as follows : Elders : Samuel Woodruff,
Joseph Lyon, Cornelius Hatfield, John Potter, Benjamin
Winans, and Samuel Williams. Elders and Deacons : Mat
thias Hatfield, David Whitehead, and Robert Ogden. •
The Board of Trustees, for some unexplained reason, with
the exception of Moses Ogden, resigned their places, two of
them, however, having recently been chosen Elders. A
new Board was chosen, December 23, 1765, composed of
Moses Ogden, John Blanchard, Merchant, Elias Boudinot,
Esq., Jonathan Williams, William Harriman, Benjamin
Spinning, and Captain Eljas Dayton. Elias Boudinot was
chosen President.f
At the election of a new Sexton, March 24, 1766, the
duties of the incumbent, William Woodruff, were defined
with great particularity, from which much may be learned
of the worshiping assemblies of that period.:]: .
* Steams' Newark, pp. 227, 8. t Trustees' Book.
X " 1st. He must attend the Kinging of the Bell at all proper Seasons -when Divine Service
is to be Performed and to open Doors and Windows when necessary.
2d. He is once every fortnight at least, to take Care that the Church be thoroughly swept
out, Seats & Isles ; and that the Benches and Tops of the Seats be afterwards well & neatly
dusted off.
8d. Once every three months the Alleys below the Pulpit Stairs and Gallery Stairs must
be Washed out and well sanded, and this to be done the Beginning of the Week in order to
be thoroughly Dry the Sunday following
4th. Tor Evening Lectures Ton are to get the Candles, Such as the Trustees shall direct
& Illuminate the Church in Every part, where places are or Shall be Provided to receive
Candles. And at the Conclusion of Prayer before Sermon, you are immediately to go up and
6nuff the Pulpit Candles & the reBt of the Candles in the Churoh. When you Judge the
Sermon to be about half finished you are once more to Snuff the Candies in the Pulpit, and
at the Clerks Desk : Now and at all other times, when there is Occasion, for your going about
in time of Service to walk as Softly and lightly as Possible
5thly. Ton are to be very Careful of the Silk Hangings &. Cushion that they receive no
Injury by Dust Spots or otherwise and to fold them Smoothly to prevent Wrinkling; These
are io be Used only in the Day time ; Ton are to put them up j ust before you Ring the first
Bell ; on the Sunday Morning & to take them Down after Service in the Afternoon and to
Lock them up in the place Provided : Then you are to put up the Brass Arms & Velvet
Cushion which with the Bible you must cover from tho Dust, whenever, the Church Is to be

518 TEE HISTQRY OF
Measures were taken, in May, 1766, at a meeting of the
congregation, to enlarge the house of worship by an addition
to the length, in the rear, of not less than sixteen feet, and
Swept. You are also to Observe not to put up the Hangings for the Clerks Desk, on the
Morning of Communion Days
6d. You are to See that the Pulpit Door ho always Opened ready for the Minister8 En
trance & the Bible opened on the Cushion. That the Doors of the Church be kept Shut in
Cold & bad WcaJJher after Prayer is begun— And Near the Conclusion of the last Psalm that
you throw open all the Doors that the Congregation may readily pass out
7d. When Strangers come in, Men or Women, who appear to be at any Loss for a Seat,
you are Immeadiately to direct them to the Strangers Seat and if that should be full you are
to Shew tliem any other Seat in the Church where you Judge there will bo most Eoom,
whither among the New or Old Seats
8d. All Notes that shall be delivered to you for the Minister Eequesting prayers, you are
to carry up to him while the first Psam is Singing
9d. When you Observe any one or more of the Collectors of the Contribution to be absent
you are to take one or more of the Boxes, while the last Psalm is Singing, and Carry the same
to other of the Elders or Deacons present to Collect in the Eoom of Snch Absentee, telling
them in whose Eoom that such Person may know where to Collect
lOd. You are to prevent as much as in you lies all Undue Noises and Disorders, and Suffer
no White Boys or Girls to be Standing or Setting on the Gallery or Pulpit Stairs — or any to
play or Continue out of doorB during divine Service — And to stop their running out untill the
Blessing is given And if at any time you cannot prevent unruly behaviour during Service
you are Immediately to Step to one of the Magistrates or Elders present & Inform them of
the same — «
lid. You are Always to take your own Seat in the Pew on the leftside of the Front Door
as the most convenient for your Observing everything that passes within & without Doors &
where any one of the Congregation who may have Occasion to Speak to you may alway
readily find you —
12d. Ton are to keep the Church carefully locked up when there is no Service, and all the
Windows shut and to be Answerable for any Damage received throw your Neglect,
13d. You are Weekly to wind up & Eegulate the Church clock and whenever out of order
to give Notice to one of the Trustees
14d You are to Notify Meetings of the Trustees to the several Members whenever required
by the President
15d You are to attend any little Services about the Church or Clock whenever Necessary
or required by the President of Trustees, for the Time being, and to Perform every Duty
belonging to & usually performed by tho Sexton of a Church
16d You are Carefully to Oserve in the burial of the Dead to keep the Bodies of the
Eespective particular Families of the Congregation together as much as possibly can be done
17d You are not to Suffer any person to dig a Grave iu the Burying Yard without your
Marking out the Spot, Nor are you to Suffer any Person not of the Congregation to be
Interred in the Yard, Without the liberty of one of the Trustees
18d You are to receive no higher Fees for your Services than the Following
For Ringing the Bell for a funeral 8.6
For inviting to a Funeral 8,(3
For diging a Grave according to the size of the Body from 0.2.6. to 7.0
For Marking out the Spot for another to dig 1,0
For diging a Grave in tho Church according to Size from 0.5. to 10.0
To roooive for the Trustees for a Grave in Church for au Adult £3
Do for a Youth , 2
Do for an Infant 1.10 "
The only compensation for all these services, was to be "tho Sum of Thirty Nine Shil
lings pr Annum ; and the usual perquisites ; " the latter including, probably, only the above
fees.— Joseph Miller was appointed Sexton in 1667, at a salary of £5.— Trustees' Book.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 519
to cover the whole roof with new shingles ; the money, to
defray the expense, to be raised by subscription ; and the
Building Committee to consist of Messrs. Samuel "Woodruff,
"Wm. Peartree Smith, Samuel Wood, Benjamin Spinning,
Elias Dayton and Jonathan Williams.
Mr. Woodruff was directed, a few months later, to repair
the roof of the steeple, "to amend the Ball and Cock on the
Top of the Steeple," to make a " Cieling over the Bell and
also paint the Bails & moldings of the Bellfry white."
Something may be gathered, from these records, as to the
appearance of the steeple.*
Hitherto, the current expenses of the Congregation had
been met, by collections taken at each public service on the
Sabbath; and punctually every Monday Mr. Caldwell was
paid, as the Treasurer's accounts sh.ow, his weekly rate of
£3.1. 6£. In May, 1667, however, it was resolved to offer
the pews in the enlarged building at public vendue agreeable
to certain fixed rates, the rents to be paid quarterly.f
Allusion has been made, on a previous page, to the
grammar-school, in this town, taught by Tapping Keeve,
afterwards the son-in-law of President Burr, and Principal
of the celebrated Law School of Litchfield, Ct. This school
was commenced in the autumn of 1766, by Messrs. Beeve
and Pemberton. Mr. Peeve was the son of the Bev. Abner
Beeve, and was born at Fire Place, Brookhaven, L. I.,
October 17, 1744. He graduated at Princeton in 1763, and
shortly after was employed by Mr. Timothy Edwards of this
town, as a private tutor to the two children of his deceased
sister Burr, and so became a member of Mr. Edwards' family.
Ebenezer Pemberton was the son of the Bev. Ebenezer
Pemberton, D. D., pastor of the First Presbyterian Church
of New York, where he was born in 1746. In 1753 the
family removed to Boston, but the father still retaining his
love for the College of New Jersey, of which he was one
of the founders, sent his son to Princeton to be educated,.
where, with his classmates, Jonathan Edwards, Eobert
Ogden and Jonathan Ogden, (the last two of this town, and
* Trustees' Book. + Ibid.

520 THE HISTORY OE
the first one a brother of a citizen of this town), he grad
uated in 1765. It is easy to see how Pemberton (afterwards
one of the most eminent teachers of New England) was
brought here.*
As was to be expected, the school succeeded ; and, in
March, 1767, Beeve and Pemberton, Masters of the Grammar
School in Elizabeth Town, "inform the public that they con
tinue to teach the Greek and Latin Language," and that " a
commodious House is provided in the centre of the Town for
the accommodation of a large School ; " also that " Gentlemen
of Education in the town will frequently visit the School."
The terms were £5 per annum, and 20s. entrance, for tuition.
Board to be had in good families for £20 a year.
The better to accommodate this school and to give it per
manency, "diverse wejl-disposed persons" subscribed the
sum of seventy pounds, payable to the Trustees of the Pres
byterian church of this town, in trust for the building of a
School-House, where the said Trustees should order. The
trust was accepted, Aug. 24, 1767, and it was ordered, —
That a proper House he erected on the uppermost end of the Burial
Yard Lot Under the Care of Messrs. [Wm. P.] Smith & Spinning of
this Board and Dr Wm Barnet & ITehemiah Wade of the congregation.
Any deficiencies, should the subscriptions made or to be
made prove inadequate, were to be paid out of Mr. Joseph
Ogden's legacy of £100. It was
Voted That the Eev4 Dr Chandler, the Reva M.' Caldwell, Mess" John
Chetwood, Timothy Edwas-ds, & Elias Boudinot & Wm P. Smith be Re
quested to undertake the Business of Visiting the sd Grammar School
during the first year, .... once a Quarter or oftner if they think proper.
Such was the origin of the Academy, [built of wood with
a cupola], that formerly occupied the site of the Lecture
Boom of the First Presbyterian Church, and that was de
stroyed by the torch of the enemy, Feb. 25, 1779. Mr. Pem
berton left the school in the spring for a tutorship at Prince
ton, and Mr. Beeve, in the autumn of 1769. They were suc
ceeded by Mr. Joseph Periam, (born in 1742), a graduate of
* Holt's N. Y. Journal, No. 1241. Davis' Life of Burr, I. 26.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 521
the College of New Jersey in 1762, and " distinguished by a
profound acquaintance with mathematics and natural philos
ophy." The Bev. Dr. Samuel Spring, who formed his ac
quaintance at Princeton "could -never mention his name
without admiration." In 1765, he was Tutor of the College ;
also, in 1767 and 8. . The intermediate year was occupied
with the care of a school at Princeton. Mr. .Periam con
tinued in charge of the school in this town for two years. In
1772-3, he studied theology, with the Bev. Dr. Bellamy, of
Bethlehem, Ct. ; was licensed by the Bresbytery of New
York, in 1774, but the license was withdrawn in 1775 ; was
appointed, in 1776, Quarter Master of the First Battalion
[Col. Ogden's] of the Jersey Brigade ; resumed the charge
of the Academy of this Town, June 1, 1778, where he con
tinued, until his death, which occurred suddenly, Sunday
morning, Oct. 8th, 1780*
Mr. Francis Barber took charge of the school, Nov. 1,
1771, and continued in this service until the commencement
of the war. Mr. Samuel Baldwin, of Newark, who gradu
ated at Princeton, in 1770, (with Messrs. John C. Ogden and
Matthias "Williamson of this town), being then only 16 years
of age, was shortly after appointed an usher, probably after
Mr. Barber took the charge. Alexander Hamilton, then a
lad of fourteen, from the West Indies, was, at this time, one
of the pupils. Mr. Baldwin lived until the year 1850. f
Among the measures adopted to resist the appointment of
American Bishops, the Consociated churches of Connecticut

* Trustees' Book. Dr. Spring's Beminiscences, 1. 13. II. 284-6. Holt's N. T. Journal,
No. 1240. N. J. Gazette, No. 26. N. J. Journal, Nos. 88, 86. Eev. Jed. Chapman, of "New
ark Mountains," Aug. 14, 1772, writes to Bev. Dr. Bellamy, as follows : " I have just an oppor
tunity to write a line by Mr, Perriam, who was formerly a tutor at Prince Town Colledge ;
he is a very ingenious young gentleman— I trust a truly humble and pious Christian ; one
whom I greatly love and esteem; a steady zealous friend to truth. He comes with the de
sign to spend some time in the study of divinity with you, and I trust upon acquaintance
with him you will be pleased and think it of great importance to enconrage and forward
him." Dr. Bellamy writes to his son, Feb. 6. 1778, " Mr. Periam has become a very serious
man since you saw him." Proceedings of N. V. His. Soe, VI. 175. His license was with
drawn, probably, because of his advocacy of the visionary immaterialistic theory of Bishop
Berkley, with which he was greatly enraptured. His widow, Elizabeth, also born in 1742,
survived until April 5th, 1S08. Their son, Joseph, was, for many years, a successful teacher
In this town.
t Trustees' Book. Proceedings of N. J. H. Soe", II.

522 THE HISTORY OP
and the Synod of New York and Philadelphia proposed to
hold a Joint Convention at New York, November 5, 1766.
The prevalence of the smallpox at New York in September
led to a change of place, and it was then agreed to hold the
first meeting in this town.*
Thus it came to pass, that, each alternate year, until the
object of the Union was effected, by the severance of the
Colonies from the sovereignty of Great Britain, and their
assumption of Independence, the Convention met and delib
erated, in the church of the sainted Dickinson, (that most
vigorous and successful advocate of ministerial parity), and
in full sight of the Bectory of St. John's, where lived the
Bev. Dr. Chandler, the recognized leader of the Episcopal
party, f
In May, 1769, Mr. Caldwell was appointed by the Synod,
to go with the Eev. Dr. "Witherspoon, and " endeavour to
obtain subscriptions for the college in the lower parts of Vir
ginia ; " his pulpit to be supplied in his absence by the Pres
bytery. The same year he was chosen one of the Trustees
of the college. $
In April, 1771, it was voted by the congregation, to raise
Mr. Caldwell's salary by subscription. Also, that Samuel
Williams, Isaac Arnet, Jonathan Price, Nathan "Woodruff,
Jonathan Williams, Nehemiah Wade, Joseph Hainds, David
Woodruff, David Ogden, Abraham Woodruff, James Car-
ftiicthel, Benjamin "Winans, Daniel Price, Joseph Meeker,
Benjamin Spinning, and Daniel Sayres, be appointed " to re
main at the Church between meetings for one Sabbath in
order to Keep Silence & Christian Discipline, two at a time
in the Year. §
It was also voted, by the congregation, April 24, 1772, to
pay the expences incurred, by Mr. Caldwell and Elder Mat
thias Hatfield, in their attendance on Synod, in May, 1771,
amounting to £5. 13. 0, and that such be the standing rule for
the future.
* Eecords of the Presb. Chh., pp. 863-4. Minutes of the Convention, pp. 6-S.
t Minutes of tho Convention, pp. 8-17. Tho Minutes were published, at Hartford, Ct., in
1848, by order of the General Association of Ct.
X Records of the Presb. Chh., p. 897. ' § Trustees' Book.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 523
The following record shows by whom the affairs of the
church and congregation were now administered : —
At a Meating of the Deacons Elders Trustees & Oominitty of the
first presbyterion Church in Elizabeth Town by order of the president
at his house on 17"1 Novr. 1774 Isaac Woodruff, president, Jonathan
Williams, Caleb Halsted, David Ogden, Isaac Arnett, Jonathan Price,
Trustees ; — Daniel Halsey, David Chandler, Ezekiel Woodruff, Eber
Price, Isaac Heatfleld, Committy ; — Deacon [Robei-t] Ogden, Deacon
[Matthias] Heatfleld, Deacon [David] Whitehead, Deacon [Oliver]
Spencer ; Cornelius Heatfleld,. John Potter, Sam1. Williams, Benj".
Winans, Elders
it was then Concluded that They would Trie to Rase Mr. Caldwell
Sallery to Two hundred pounds for the present year, & it was also
Agreed to Rase money by Subscriptions to pay for Repairing the Steple
& all other Old Debts of the Congregation, & to be out of Debt one
more. *
On the return of Mr. Caldwell from Yirginia, after an ab
sence of several months, at the close of 1769, he found some
young men of his church unusually stirred up to promote a
revival of religion. A catechetical lecture was commenced,
resulting in the awakening of several persons. Every Mon
day evening was then set apart for prayer and conference.
Backsliders were restored, and the careless aroused. Seasons
of fasting were observed. A Sabbath evening lecture was
established, and was attended by great numbers from all
quarters, impressed often to tears, and some of every age
and character awakened. Beligious societies were held
in every part of the town, numbering, in 1771, eleven,
and, in 1772, twenty. A great reformation followed, ex
tending to other towns in the neighborhqod, Mr. Caldwell
being sent for to aid in promoting the work in other
churches. In 1771, fifty, and, in 1772, sixty converts were.
added to the First Presbyterian Church. A deeply inter
esting account of this work of grace, written, probably,
by Elder J[oseph] L[yon], April 28, 1773, is found in
Dr. Murray's Notes on E. Town, pp. 137-151, printed from
a manuscript found in the library of the Old South Church,
Boston, Mass.
* Trustees' Book. In April, 1776, the congregation voted that " the Sallery " should be
£180, pr year.

524 THE HISTORY OF
Charges were preferred to the Presbytery, Oct. 10, 1775,
by Messrs. Stephen Morehouse, Daniel Price, and David
Chandler, affecting the orthodoxy of their pastor, Mr. Cald
well ; which, however, were found to be of trivial import,
and not affecting at all his soundness in the faith.*
Whatever "uneasiness" may have grown out of this mat
ter, it was speedily forgotten in the rush of events that pre
ceded and precipitated the "War of the Revolution. On the
questions then at issue, Mr. Caldwell's position was matter of
public notoriety. He waited not to learn how the strug
gle was likely to terminate. His ardent temperament was
roused at the very outset, to do and dare all that man could
for his country, for liberty, for independence. It appeared
in all his prayers, often in his sermons and exhortations, and
in all his pastoral intercourse. No religious society in the
land took a bolder, nobler stand, and few were more effi
cient, for their country's cause, than Mr. Caldwell's, — and not
a little of it was owing to the patriotism and fervent zeal of
their most energetic pastor. Among his congregation, at the
commencement of the Bevolution, were such men as Wm.
Livingston, the noble Governor of the State ; Elias Boudinot,
afterwards President of the Continental Congress ; Abraham
Clark, one of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence ;
the Hon. Eobert Ogden, (Speaker of the Assembly, at
an earlier day), with his three sons, Bobert, Matthias, and
Aaron, the last two distinguished officers in the TJ. S.
Army ; the Hon. Stephen Crane, Speaker of the Assembly ;
Elias Dayton and his son Jonathan, both of them sub
sequently General Officers of the Army, and the latter
Speaker of Congress ; Wm. Peartree Smith, one of the
•most distinguished civilians of the day ; Oliver Spencer
and Francis Barber, both of them Colonels of the Jersey
Brigade ; — and other such, not a few. From this one con
gregation went forth about forty commissioned officers (not
* Records of the Presb. of N. York, I. 14S-151. Ouo of the complainants, David Chandler,
not only doomed himself wiser than his pastor, but regarded himself also as a poet. In 1814,
was published a traot of 21 pages, entitled "Tho Miscellaneous Works of David Chandler,
Elizabeth-Town, New-Jersey." It contains 27 stanzas on the turning of the E. Town Meet
ing House, Jan. 25, 1780 ; 18 stanzas on the death of Mr. Caldwell; and eleven other pieces in
rhymo, on a variety of subjeots, rollglous and political ; all rather of the doggrel sort.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY.

525

to speak of non-commissioned officers and private's), to fight
the battles of Independence.*
In April, 1776, Col. Dayton's regiment, that had been
quartered in the town during the preceding winter, received
orders to march for the relief of the northern army then be
sieging Quebec. As most of the officers and many of the
privates were members of Mr. Caldwell's congregation, an
ardent desire was expressed for his services as their Chaplain.
Lieut. Elmer, in his Diary, Ap. 28th, says, —
Members of the [Presbyterian] meeting set about Mr. Caldwell's going
to Quebec with us, which was agreed on 'after some debate. Drank tea
at Col. Dayton's ; then went to Major Spencer's to lodge.t
So it was determined that Mr. Caldwell, whose consent was
readily obtained, should accompany his townsmen on their
northern expedition." The troops left the town the following
day. But " Colonel Dayton and Parson Caldwell " did not
join them until Saturday, May 11th, at Albany, N. Y.
The Jersey brigade, to which the regiment 'was attached,
was stationed, the most of the season, in the Mohawk Valley.
On the 16th of June, Mr. Caldwell was at Johnstown, and
preached twice ; on the 30th, and through the month of
July, at German flats, preaching ordinarily twice every Sab
bath, and taking an active part in military operations. In
July, as already related, the British troops had taken pos
session of Staten Island, the people of the town became
greatly alarmed for their personal safety, and their relatives
in the Northern army became exceedingly anxious for their
* The following members of Mr. Caldwell's congregation were commissioned officers in
the Army of the Eevolution :

Gov. Wm. Livingston,
Hon. Elias Boudinot,
Gen. Elias Dayton,
Gen. Jonathan Dayton,
Gen. Matthias Ogden,
Gen. William Crane,
Col. Aaron Ogden,
Col. Oliver Spencer,
Col. Francis Barber,
Maj. William Shute,
Maj. Thomas Morrell,
Maj. Nehemiah Wade,
Maj. Ezekiel Woodruff,
Maj. John Boss,

Capt. David Lyon,
Capt. Jeremiah Ballard,
Capt. Shepard Kollock,
Capt. Samuel Harriman,
Capt. -Jonathan Pierson,
Capt. Obadiah Meeker,
Capt David Woodrnff,
Capt. Matthias Lyon,
Capt. Lewis Woodruff,
Capt. Wm. Brittin,
Capt. Benjamin Winans,
Capt. John Clawson,
, Capt. Cyrus De Hart,

Lieut. Ephraim Woodruff,
Lieut. Aaron Hatfield,
Lieut. James Wilcox,
Lieut. Edmund Thomas,
Lieut. William Eamsen,
Lieut. Moses Ogden,
Lieut. John Van Dyke,
Lieut. Thomas Clark,
Surgeon William Barnet,
Q. Mas. Joseph Periam,
Q. M. Matthias Halstoad,
Q. Mas. William Woodruff,
and probably others.

f Proceedings of N. J. His. Soe, II. 101.

526 THE HISTORY OF
friends at home. Early in the autumn, Mr. Caldwell, there
fore, returned to his family and people, where his services
were pressingly needed. On the retreat of the American,
and the advance of the British, Army, the last week of No
vember, 1776, Mr. Caldwell took his family up into the
mountains, and found a retreat for them in that part of the
town, then called Turkey, and now New Providence. Bef-
erence has been made, on a previous page, to his correspond
ing, while here, with Gen. "Washington, and the complimen
tary notice given of him, by the latter, to Congress : Also to
his correspondence with General Lee, the day before the
capture of that officer at Baskingridge.*
From this time forward, Mr. Caldwell was occupied, more
or less continually in the service of the country, to the close
of his life. The enemy having evacuated the town at the
close of the first week in January, he returned to his charge,
and resumed his ministration, mingling the duties of the
pastor and the soldier together, as circumstances required.
The Journals of Congress show that, on March 15th, 1777,
two hundred dollars were ordered to be " paid Bev. James
Caldwell of Elizabeth Town for extraordinary services." On
the 27th of May, $4,873.54 were ordered to be " paid Eev.
James Caldwell, for the services of a company of light horse
of Essex Co., in the State of New Jersey, commanded by
Capt. Jacob Wynans, their horse hire and expenses." f
At various times through the long years of the War,
during which his congregation was greatly scattered, and
their means of subsistence, for the most part, were consid
erably diminished, Mr. Caldwell served not only as Chaplain
of the Jersey Brigade, but as Assistant Commissary General.
From the first of April, 1777, to April, 1779, instead of a
regular salary he received for his pastoral services only what
was contributed by the congregation on the Sabbath. On
the morning of the 25th of February, 1779, the old parsonage-
house, (a long low red shingle-covered building, two stories
high in front, and one in the rear), was destroyed by the
* Proceedings of His. Soo. of N. J., II. 126, 133, lfe, 144, 155, 165.
t Journals, III. 90, 133, 205.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 527
torch of the enemy. It was situated on the old parsonage-
lot, west of Bace st., fronting on the Bahway road and nearly
opposite Cherry st. Measures were speedily taken by the
congregation to restore it. At a meeting of the congrega
tion, March 31, 1779, it was
Voted, That David Ogden, Jonathan Williams, Ezekiel Woodruff,
David Chandler, Joseph Lyon, Daniel Halsey [and] William Halstead, he
a Committee to manage the temporal affairs of said Congregation for the
Year ensuing — And in particular to settle all old accounts — to raise and
put in to the public funds Money for procuring a Parsonage-House which
shall he done agreeable to a future Vote of the Congregation.
Previous to November 18, 1779, the sum of three thou
sand dollars had been collected for this purpose and invested
in Loan Office Certificates : 2872 dollars are thus accounted
for: —
Subscribed to the Parsonage House and paid to Mr. Caldwell, By
David Chandler, 8701 Dollars,- By Jon" Williams, 4361 D°, By Daniel
Halsey, 461, By Samuel Woodruff, -1104.*
During the year, 1778, Mr. Caldwell resided in Spring-
field; and in the summer of 1779, he removed to' Connec
ticut Farms, in order to be nearer to his people. It was not
safe for him to reside at a nearer point. After the murder
of his wife, he purchased a small house at Turkey [New
Providence], and resided there until his decease.
The church, as previously related, was burned down, on
the night of Tuesday, January 25, 1780, and the services of
the congregation were thenceforth held in Col. Hatfield's
" Bed Store House," nearly opposite the site of the old par
sonage-house. It was, probably, while preaching here, and
may have been, at an earlier date, that " Mr. Caldwell," as
related by Dr. McDowell, " preached with his pistols lying
on each side of him on the pulpit, & centinels had to keep
watch during the time of service." f
His beloved wife, it has been seen, was killed at Con
necticut Farms, June 8, 1780. The house was plundered
at the same time, and what was not ca*-ried off was des-
* Trustees' Book. Passages' in His. of E. T., No. IL Murray's Notes, 103-5. Sprague's
Annals, III. 225. t Ms. Sermon of Dr. McDowell, Jan. 1, 1311.

528 THE HISTORY OP
troycd. Many of his papers were carried to New York,
and some of his correspondence published in Bivington's
Gazette. He was at once the ardent patriot and the faithful Chris
tian pastor. The Sabbath found him, whether at home or in
camp, ready to proclaim the gospel with its messages of
mercy and comfort, to his fellow-men ; while he was ever
watchful, at other times, to improve every opportunity to
promote the spiritual welfare of citizens and soldiers. He
was held, therefore, in the highest esteem, by officers and
men, confided in by all, and regarded with enthusiastic love
by the rank and file. No one, consequently, save his parish
ioner, Gov. Livingston, was more feared and hated by the
tories, and the British. Gladly would they have kidnapped
him if they could ; and, doubtless, they would have done it,
had he continued to reside in town. At the fall election,
of 1780, he was chosen, by his fellow-citizens, in testimony
of their high regard, a member of the State Council.
Mr. Caldwell continued in the discharge of the vari
ous duties, to which, in these several capacities, he was
called, month by month, until the autumn of 1781. The
last record made of him by the Presbytery was at their
meeting, May 7, 1782, at New Providence. It is in these
words : —
The Revd Mr James Caldwell departed this life, falliDg by the hands
of a Cruel Murderer, on the 24th of November, 1781.
The circumstances attending this mournful event were
very fully announced in the public prints at the time, with
much minuteness of detail ; not however with particularity
sufficient to settle some points, which, about twenty years
since, were very fully and ably discussed by the press of
this town and Newark. The principal facts, however, are
undisputed. The following statement appeared in the N. J. Journal,
(then published by Shepard Kollock, at Chatham, N. J.), of
Wednesday, Nov. 28, 1781, four days after the transaction :
It is with the utmost pain and distress that we inform our readers that

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 529
the Reverend Mr. Jas. Caldwell, of Elizabeth-Town, was most inhumanly
and barbarously murdered on Saturday last by a soldier belonging to the
years' s men at that place.
This worthy gentleman being informed of the arrival of a young lady
in a flag from New York, at the Point, whose family had been peculiarly
serviceable to our unhappy fellow-citizens, prisoners with the enemy,
proposed waiting on her and conducting her to the town, as a gratefi3l
acknowledgement of the services offered by her family as above mentioned.'
He accordingly went to the Point in a chair for that purpose, and after
the young lady had got in the chair, the sentinel observing a handkerchief
tied up in a bundle in her hand, told Mr. Caldwell he must seize it in the
name of the state ; on which Mr. Caldwell jumping out of the chair, said
if that was the case, he would return it to the commanding officer, who
was there present ; but as he stepped forward, another impertinently told
him to stop, which he immediately did, but notwithstanding, the soldier,
without farther provocation, raised his gun and shot him dead on the spot.
The villain was immediately seized and secured. He made but a ve3-y
indifferent excuse for this conduct, and still remains ves-y sullen and ob
stinate. After his being secured, it appeared by several evidences that,
though a soldier with us for near twelve months past, he had been seen
in Few York within a fortnight past; and, fi-om several other circum
stances, there are just grounds of suspicion that the wretch had been
bribed to commit this abominable deed.*
The N. J. Gazette, published at Trenton, Dec. 12, 1781,
eighteen days after the occurrence, says that —
When he arrived there [at the Point], the officer then commanding the
post at Elizabeth-Town, being on board the flag-sloop, asked him whether
he would go on board. He then stepped on board of the sloop, and was
informed that the young lady had already gone to the town. Being about
to return, a person in the sloop asked him whether he would take a small
parcel tied up in a handkerchief. M3-. Caldwell consented to take it,
went on shore, put the bundle into a chair-box, and was driving off when
a soldier stepped up to him and said, " I must search your chair to see
whether you have not seizable goods in that bundle." Mr. Caldwell then
seeing it would be imprudent to run any further risk, asked the soldier
whether he would suffer him to return the bundle to the sloop. To this
request the soldier readily agreeing, Mr. Caldwell took the bundle out of
the chair box, and was stepping on board the sloop to return it, when
the murderer, who was on the quarter-deck, and within about two yards
of him, said, damn tot3, stop. Mr. Caldwell instantly stopped, and im
mediately on his stopping, the soldier presented his musket and shot him.
He fell down and instantly expired without a groan.t
* N. J. Journal, No. 145. t N. J. Gazette, No. 207.
34

530 THE HISTORY OF
The mournful occurrence was noticed, also, by Bivington,
of New York, in his Gazette, of Wednesday, Nov. 28, as he
learned it, probably, on tho return of the flag-boat to New
York :—
Last Saturday, the Reverend Mr. Caldwell, Minister of the Dissenting
Congregation at Elizabeth-Town, was shot dead without any provocation,
at the Point, by a native of Ireland, named Morgan, one of the rebel
twelve months' men. The Coroner's Inquest brought a verdict of wilful
murder against him. Mr. Caldwell had ever been an active zealot in the
cause of Independence, and was much esteemed and confided in by Mr.
Washington and the republican leaders. It is said he lately promoted a
petition to the New Jersey Assembly, for recalling the refugees to the
re-possession of their estate. Eequiescat in pace.*
These are the only accounts, written and published at the
time, of this distressing providence. As that of the N. J.
Gazette is the most particular, and was written after sufficient
time had been allowed, to obtain, by means of the Coroner's
inquest, and from other sources, the exact state of the case,
it is apparently most to be relied upon. Statements made,
after the expiration of more than threescore years, though
purporting to be the oral testimony of eye-witnesses as
remembered by a son or other relative, are of far less
value, and are not to be allowed to controvert the original
accounts. The lady whose advent occasioned the calamity was Beu
lah, the daughter of Bobert and Mary Murray, for whom the
ship " Beulah," referred to on a previous page, was named.
She was married not long after to the celebrated auctioneer,
Martin Hoffman, the father of Lindley Murray Hoffman,
who died at New York in 1862. Ichabod B. Barnet, who
was complicated in the " Beulah " affair, had married another
of the daughters of Bobert Murray. Mrs. Barnet resided in
this town. Her sister, Beulah, was expecting to make her a
visit and had come over in the flag-boat, or was expected to
come, for this purpose. It was on the afternoon of Saturday,
that Mr. Caldwell went down to the Point to escort her to
the town. The flag-boat lay at the ferry-wharf, at the end of
* Eivington's Gazette, No. 589.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 531
the Old Point road, now Elizabeth avenue, near the mouth
of the Creek. This* had been the flag-boat station, for the
previous five . years or more, for the exchange of prisoners.
Major Adams was, at this time, the American Commissary
of prisoners. The guard that were kept posted at the Point
were under the command of Major John Scudder. Lieut.
David Woodruff, father of the late Belcher Woodruff of
this town, was near Mr. Caldwell, and, turning to see
what the firing meant, saw him falling and caught him in
his arms.*
Whether Morgan was, at the time, on duty or not (which_~
is still a mooted point), the discharge of his musket was to
tally unjustifiable. Mr. Caldwell was not a vagrant, nor a
stranger. No man was better known. Morgan, as well as
the other sentinels, knew who he was. It was in the day
time, and every movement, therefore, could be seen. No
attempt was. made by Mr. Caldwell to escape with the pack
age entrusted to him, nor even to disobey the orders of the
guard. The most, that could possibly have been warranted,
was an arrest. Nor was this called for. The officer of the
day was at hand, with full authority to admit Mr. Caldwell's
explanation of the case, or to commit him. It was, unques
tionably, a murder,' entirely unprovoked. It was impossible--
for the Coroner's inquest to find any other verdict.
It was generally affirmed, at the time, that the murderer,
as intimated in the N. J. Journal, was bribed by the enemy
to do the dreadful deed ; " and this saying is commonly re
ported among" the people " until this day." No evidence,.
however, as far as can be ascertained, was discovered of any
offer of the kind having been made to him. It was not
strange, that it should have been extensively believed ; as it
was known, that the British authorities had offered a reward
for the apprehension or assassination of Gov. Livingston, and
as no other reason could be assigned for the murder. As it
was not proven, it must rank only with doubtful rumors, and,
not with the established facts of history.
* Passages in tho nis.,of E. T., No. I. Essex Standard— Extra, April H, 1846. .

532 THE HISTORY OF
After the consternation of the moment, the murderer was
secured by Lieut. Woodruff, and carried to Major Scudder,
by whom he was delivered to the civil authorities. He was
confined in what was called the Bobinson House, to await the
verdict of the Coroner's jury.*
The body of Mr. Caldwell was earned to the public house
at the Boint. A homely ambulance was obtained, and the
body was slowly brought to town, a crowd of people, greatly
excited, gathering by the way. The mournful cortege, tra
dition says, passed through Water st. [Elizabeth Avenue] to
>Broad st., then to Jersey st., and then to the residence of
4 Mrs. Noel, on Jersey st., subsequently so well known as the
home of General Jonathan Dayton, and since as Miss Spald
ing's Female Seminary. The day following, when the people
gathered for public worship, the place where they met might
well have been named " Bochim " — the weeping-place. The
people were crushed under the sad calamity, f
The funeral services were performed on Tuesday, the 27th,
the whole town suspending all business and gathering in un-
controlable grief at the house of Mrs. Noel. The Bev. Dr.
Alex. McWhorter of Newark performed the services, and
preached from Ecc. viii : 8. An opportunity was given to
the people to view the corpse, in front of the house in the
open street.
After all had taken their last look, and before the coffin was closed,
Dr. Boudinot came forward, leading nine orphan children, and placing
them around the bier of their parent, made an address of surpassing
pathos to the multitude in their behalf. It was an hour of deep and
powerful emotion : and the procession slowly moved to the grave, weep
ing as they went.J
* Morgan was imprisoned at Springfield, then at Burlington, and tn January at Westfield,
where, on the 21st of Jan. 1782, he was arraigned for trial. The court sat in the Presbyterian
church, Chief Justice John Cleves Symmes presiding, assisted by two Associate Judges,* one
of whom was Judge Barnet. Col. Wm. De Hart of Morristown was Morgan's counsel.
Ephraim Scudder, Benjamin Meeker, David Boss, Aaron Woodruff, and Mr. Eyno were
members of the jury. He was found guilty of wilful murder, remanded to the custody of
Noah Marsh, Sheriff of the county, and hung at Westfleld, on Tuesday, January 29th. A
sermon was preached on the occasion, by the Pastor of the churoh, Bev. Jonathan Elmer,
from Jeremiah, 44: 4,—" Oh I do not this abominable thing that I hate." Morgan was a Eo-
man Catholic, and of bad reputation. He soems not to have made any confession as to his
intent In tho act for which ho suffored.
t Passages, &c, Nos. I., II. Essex Standard— Extra, Ap. 14,1346. Murray's Notes, pp. T6, T.
X Murray's Notes, p. 7T.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 533
Laid by the side of his wife's remains, over his body was
placed a marble slab with the following inscription :
Sacred to the memory of the Rev. JAMES CALDWELL & HANNAH -
his wife, who fell victims to their country's cause in the years 1780 & 1781.
He was the zealous & faithful pastor of the Presbyterian , Church in
this Town, where by his evangelical labours in the gospel vineyard, and
his early attachment to the civil liberties of his country, he has left in
the hearts of his people a better monument than brass or marble.
Stop, Passenger!
Here also lye the remains of a wonjan, who exhibited to the woi-ld a
bright constellation of the female virtues. On that memorable day, never ^
to be forgotten, when a British foe invaded this fair village, & fired even. ,
the temple of the Deity, this peaceful daughter of heaven, retired to her
hallowed apartment, imploring heaven for the pardon of her enemies.
In that sacred moment, she was by the bloody hand of a British ruffian,
dispatched like her divine Redeemer through a path of blood to her long-
wished for native skies.*
By the joint action of Committees of the First Presbyterian
church and the Cincinnati of New Jersey, a much more
* It is somewhat strange, that it should have been recorded, on this monumental stoue
that Mrs. Caldwell was killed on the day when the church of this village was burned; the
former event having taken place, June Sth, and the latter, Jan. 25th, in 1TS0. The anachron
ism grew out of the fact that this Epitaph was abridged from one of much greater length, that
was written by a Friend, [William Peartree Smith, Esq.], a few weeks after her death, and
published in the N. J. Journal, of the 18th of Sept,, 1780, designed " for Mrs. Caldwell's
Tomb," supposed to be at Conn. Earms.- It is well worth a place in this history :
SACKED to the memory | of Mrs. HANNAH CALDWELL, | consort to the Eev. JAMES
CALDWELL, | of Elizabeth Town, in New Jersey, | who fell a victim to her country, | on
the 7th [8th] of June, 1780 — aged forty-two years f and nine months. |

PASSENG-EB ! | Thou treadest over the remains of a woman | whose fair character, and
final catastrophe, | merit a monument | more durable than brass or marble ; | and which will
remain | indelibly engraven on the breasts of her countrymen, | to the last period of recorded
time. | She waB, among her sex, uncommonly distinguished ; | exhibiting to the world, |
through the whole course of her earthly race, | a bright constellation | of the female virtues. |
With undeviating punctuality, | she performed every religious, social, and relative duty ; |
To a numerous offspring, | the tenderest of mothers : | To her servants and domestics, | a
kind and indulgent mistress : | Of sonjugal fidelity and affection, | the most exemplary
model. | But what gave singular lustre | to an assembly of virtues | was— that condescending
affability, | that sweetness of temper, | that heaven-born benevolence, | which were her
characteristic and distinguishing qualities. | A serene and placid aspect, | joined with the
softest accents of expression, | ever disarmed the resentment of her weapons, | and repressed-
the ebullitions of censure aud malevolence. | These engaging manners | attracted the peculiar
love and esteem | of her extensive acquaintance, | among whom she found not a single enemy.
| But, as her crowning glory, | adding divinity to her graces, | she was a SINCEBE
CHEISTIANI

" On that memorable day— j (an eera never to be forgotten | in the American annals) |
when the army of the British tyrant | entered into this state, | and, with merciless barbarity

534 THE HISTORY OP
costly and elegant monument was erected over the remains
of Mr. and Mrs. Caldwell, which was dedicated, with appro-
, priate ceremonies, November 24, 1845, a commemoration
Address being delivered, on the occasion, by the Bev.
Samuel Miller, D. D., of Princeton, N. J.
Mr. Caldwell left nine children (four sons and five daughters)
with but a scanty patrimony at the best. The Hon. Elias
Boudinot cheerfully took upon himself the administration
of the estate and the care of the children. In both respects
he was eminently successful.- The patrimony was eventually
rendered productive, the children were well-educated, and
all of them became respectable and useful. They were, also,
greatly befriended by Mrs. Noel, Gen. Lincoln, President
Washington, and the Marquis de La Fayette.*
1. Maegabet, the eldest, was born, Jan. 23, 1764, and
married Isaac Canfield, of Morristown, N. J.
2. John Dickinson was born, Jan. 29, 1765, and died,
May 11, 1766.
3. Hannah was born, Sep. 20, 1767, and married, at
Philadelphia, in 1790, to James B. Smith, a Pearl st. mer
chant, and one of the proprietors of the Tontine Coffee House,
N. York.
4. John Edwaeds was born, Feb. 2, 1769. After his
father's death, he was placed under the care of the Bev. Dr.
McWhorter of Newark. The Marquis de La Fayette, out
of his great regard for the father, solicited from Mr. Boudinot
desolated these fair fields ; — [ laid this fair village in ashes ; — | violated female chastity; — [
and fired even the temple uf the Deity. | This peaceful daughter of heaven, | shocked by
the tumults of war, | retired to her sequestered and hallowed apartments ; | here seated, | in
calm and pensive contemplation, | cherishing too a lovely innocent | in her own Innocent
bosom, | weeping over the effusions of human blood — | deprecating the calamities of her
country — | and imploring heaven for the pardon of its enemies, | she was | (blush ye spirits
of their ancestors at the horrid tale 1) | by tbe ensanguined hands of a British ruffian, | insti-
gated by malice, cool, deliberate, and infernal — | in one fatal moment | Dispatched, | like her
divine Saviour, through a path of blood, | to her long-wished for NATIVE SKIESI | Leaving
an affectionate companion, and nine ohildren, | in their tender and unformed years, 1 to he-
wall their unutterable — their irreparable loss. | BE ADEB 1 | If thou art a man ] thou canst
not refrain a sigh ] at her melanoholy story. | If of the softer frame, j thou wilt drop a tear
at the tomb of one | who was tho boast of thy sex : and who would have shed a thousand for
thee, | had her's been thlno own hapless fato. | If— a lover of thy country | thou wilt dopart
from this spot | consecrated to her dust, | filled with eternal heart-felt horror | at the exe
crated name of | A BEITON." N. J. Journal, No. S3.
* Brown's Memoir of Finley, p. 248.

» ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 535
and obtained the privilege of adopting and educating the
eldest son. On the departure, therefore, of the Marquis, in
1782, for France, young Caldwell accompanied him and be
came a member of the family. He remained abroad until
1791, when, owing to the horrors of the French Bevolution,
he returned to America. He married Mrs. VanJWyck. In
Nov. 1809, he renounced the Popery which he had embraced
in France, and became a member of the Cedar st. Presb.
Church, N. T., devoting himself to the work of benevolence.
His name was connected with almost every good object of
the day. He was one of the most active and influential
founders of the American Bible Society, and, until his death,
its General Agent. He founded, in March, 1816, the "Chris
tian Herald," a religious weekly magazine, the first five
volumes of which he edited and published at New York.
He died greatly lamented, at his home in N. York, March
9, 1819.*
5. James B. was born, Jan. 8, 1771, became a lawyer,
took up his residence at Woodbury, N. J., a few miles below
Philadelphia, and was for several years before his death an
honored Judge of Gloucester Co., N. J.
.6. Esthee Fltnt was bora, Oct. 26, 1772, and was mar
ried, May 16, 1798, to the Rev. Bobert Finley of Basking-
ridge, N. J., afterwards, Dr. Finley, and President of the
University of Georgia. She was the mother of a highly re
spectable and useful family of children. She died at Leba
non, 111., in 1844.
7. Josiah F. was born, Aug. 23, 1774, entered the service
of the TJ. S. government at Washington, D. C, and was em
ployed in the Post Office Department.
8. Elias Boudinot was born, Ap. 3, 1776, was adopted by
the distinguished citizen for whom he was named ; graduated
at the College of N. Jersey, in 1796 ; became distinguished
as the Clerk, from Aug. 15, 1800, of the U. S. Supreme
Court, and was one of the principal founders, Jan. 1, 1817,
of the American Colonization Society, of which he was the
Corresponding Secretary, until his death at Washington,
* Christian Herald, V. T60-4.

536 THE HISTORY op *
D. C, May 31, 1825. He had been licensed to preach by
the Presbytery, and was accustomed to occupy vacant pulpits
on the Sabbath. His name was given to one of the towns of
Liberia, as his father's na-me had been given to one of the
towns of Essex Co., N. J.
9. Saeah was born, June 12, 1778, at Springfield, and was
married, to the Bev. John S.- Vredenburg, pastor, for many
years, of the Bef. Dutch chh. of Somerville, N. J.
10. Maeia was born, Sep. 29, 1779, at Connecticut Farms,
and was married to Bobert S. Bobertson, a N. York mer
chant.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 537

CHAPTER XXIY.
A. D. 1141-1190.
Ecclesiastical — Rev. T. B. Chandler, D.D. — Birth — Education — Catechist of
St. John's Chh. — Parsonage — Wardens and Vestrymen — Mr. Chandler goes
to Eng., and obtains Orders — Rector of St. John's — Marriage — Has the
Small Pox — Long Dlness — Zeal for Episcopacy — Obtains a Charter for
St. John's — Wardens and Vestrymen — Visit of Mr. Whitefield — Troubles
in the Parish — Enlargement of the Parsonage — Political Troubles — Hon
orary Doctorate — Ep. Controversy — Pension — Flies to England — Worship
suspended for Years — Resumed again — Rev. TJzal Ogden, Ass. Minister —
Birth — Popularity — Settles at Newark — Rev. S. Spraggs, Ass. Minister —
Dr. Chandler 10 Years in England — Returns home — Obtains the Offer of
an Episcopate — Too ill to accept — Death — His Family.
The decaase of the Eev. Mr. Yaughan, Eector of St. John's
Church, in October, 1747, left the church 'for some years
without a settled pastor. All the Episcopal clergymen either
came here from the mother-country, or were under the ne
cessity of making a voyage to England and back again, to
obtain orders. It was, therefore, no easy matter to fill- the
vacancies made by death. It required time to send to Eng
land, and procure the needed ministry, unwilling as most
candidates, at that period, were to migrate to America. In
these circumstances, the vestry of St. John's were advised to
secure the services of a Catechist, or Lay-Eeader, for the time
being. The Eev. Dr. Johnson, of Stratford, and others,
thereupon, recommended a young man, who was teaching-
school at "Woodstock, Ct., and studying theology, at intervals,
with Dr. Johnson. They complied with this advice, and thus
secured, as their Eector, the
REY. THOMAS BRADBURY CHANDLER.
Mr. Chandler was in his 22d year, when he came to this

538 THE HISTORY OF
town. He was a descendant of "William Chandler, who, with
his wife, Hannah, and four children, — Hannah, Thomas,
John and William, — came to this country from England, and
settled at Roxbury, Mass., in 1637. His son, John, born in
England, in 1635, married, Feb. 16, 1659, Elizabeth, daugh
ter of Wm. Douglas, and had eight children, — John, Eliza
beth, John 2d, Joseph, Hannah, Mehitable, Sarah, and Jo
seph, all born at Roxbury. In 1686, he united with several
of his neighbors in the settlement of Woodstock, Ct., of the
church of which he was chosen Deacon, and where, too, he
died, Ap. 15, 1703". His son, John, born, April 16, 1665,
married, Novem. 10, 1692, Mary, daughter of Joshua Ray
mond, of New London, and had ten children, — John, Joshua,
William, Mary, Elizabeth, Samuel, Sarah, Mehitable, Thomas,
and Hannah. His son, William, born, at "Woodstock, No
vem. 3, 1698, married Jemima Bradbury, who is thought to
have been a daughter of Thomas Bradbury of Salisbury,
Mass., whose father, William, married, Mar. 12, 1672, Re
becca, the widow of Samuel Maverick, and daughter of the
Rev. John Wheelwright. Her father was born Dec. 24,
1674. Her son, Thomas Bradbury, was born April 26th,
1726. *
His early years were spent on the paternal farm. He
graduated at Yale College, in 1745. In 1747, he was invited
to serve as catechist at North Castle aud Bedford, Westches
ter Co., N. Y. ; but declined in favor of St. Peter's Church,
Westchester. Directly, however, after the decease of Mr.
Yaughan, he came to St. John's, in this town, about the 1st
of December, 1747, and entered at once upon the duties of
his mission. In commending him, at the request " of the
good people of Elizabeth Town," to the Propagation Society,
Dr. Johnson speaks of him, as having ". known him three
years at least," and as " a truly valuable person, of good
parts and competent learning for his time and our circum
stances, and of good morals and virtuous behaviour." The
Rev. Samuel Seabury, also, spake of him, as one who " from
his furniture in learning, prudence, gravity, sincere piety,
* Savage's Gen. Diet, I. 857. Spraguo's Annals, V. 1ST.

p

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 539
and good temper, as well as agreeable voice," bade fair to be
'4 very useful in the designs of the Society."
He was consequently appointed by the " Yenerable So
ciety," in May, 1748, their Catechist at Elizabeth Town, N. J.,
on a stipend of £10. a year, the church obliging themselves,
in case he should be appointed to the mission, " to raise the
sum of £50 Current Money of the Province, per annum,"
in addition, and to provide him a convenient parsonage.*
At the close of his second year, Dec. 20, 1749, he reports, —
I have not only read Divine Service, and catechized the children, but
have constantly visited all Banks of People in the congregation — Particu
larly that part of the congregation which lives in Eaway, a place four
or five miles distant from the Church. ... I have occasionally read di
vine service at a Private House in Eaway, and have been surprised at
seeing the great concourse of People on that occasion. I find there num
bers of the Dissenters well affected towards the Church ; and I douht not
by the Industry of a faithful Clergyman in Elizabeth Town a considerable
part of the Presbyterian meeting in that place might be gained over to
the Chnrch.t
On the 11th of December, 1749, the church purchased of
Capt. John Emott, (the step-son of Mr. Yaughan, and the son-
in-law of Mr. Elias Boudinot, senr.), for £162, the present par
sonage lot, of about four acres, with the old dwelling house
built, in 1696-7, by Andrew Hampton. The "Wardens, at
this time, were John Halsted and Henry Garthwait ; and the
Vestrymen were "William Ricketts, Jacob DeHart, Peter
Trembly, Matthias De Hart, Jonathan Hampton, and Mat
thias "Williamson.
During the same year, the -Rev. Mr. "Wood, " bred to
Physick and Surgery," was appointed missionary to New
Brunswick, with instructions to spend a Sunday or two every
month at Elizabeth Town. At the close of May, 1750, he
had made two visits only to the town, his duty at New Bruns
wick permitting him to officiate here only on every fourth*
Sunday. The most urgent representations were made to the Society
for a resident Eector— one who could give them his whole
* Brit. Magazine, XXVII. 19. Clark's St. John's, p. 59. t Clark, pp. 60, 2, 8, 8.

540 THE HISTORY OF
time; and, in response, Mr. Chandler was appointed, in
1750, to be their missionary at Elizabeth Town, if, upon his
arrival in England, he shall be found worthy to be ordained
a deacon and priest. Among the considerations urged was
the fact that " the Dissenters in this town have five Minis
ters settled, constantly to officiate in publick, to visit them in
private, ready to serve on any particular occasion, and in a
word that are always with and among them." These five
Presbyterians were Messrs. Spencer, of the First Chh.,
Symmes, of New Providence and Springfield, Grant, of
Westfield, Thane, of Ct. Farms, and Bichards, of Rahway.
In the summer of 1751, Mr. Chandler repaired to England,
was admitted to the priesthood by Dr. Thomas Sherlock,
Bishop of London, and, early in September, sailed again for
America, arriving, at home, 'after a passage of nine weeks,
about the first of November. His salary or stipend was fixed
at £30. sterling from the Society, and £60. N. J. currency,
(valued at little more than £30. sterling) with a house and
glebe, from the people. The communicants had increased
from forty to sixty.
His first official act, after his return, was the baptism, Nov.
3d, of Matthias, the son of Matthias Williamson and Susan
nah Halstead. His first marriage-service was on the 10th,
and the parties were Robert Milbourn and Hary, daughter
of Elias Thomas, both of E. Town. In the course of the fol
lowing year, 1752, he was himself married to Jane, the
daughter of Capt. John Emott, and Mary, the daughter of
Elias Boudinot, senr.
At the close of 1754, the congregation included 85 families,
and the communicants numbered ninety. But the pecuniary
strength of the parish had decreased. Of the £60 engaged
by subscription £28 had dropt by deaths and removals ; most
of the principal parishioners had died or moved off, and the
greater part were poor, many of them being " the proper
objects of every kind of charity." The missionary was in
straits, provisions of all kinds being as dear in this town as
in the most populous cities of the land — meat of all sorts
being actually dearer here than in the N. York market. On

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 541
these accounts he sought an increase of stipend from the
Society. It is probable that his request was granted.
In 1757, during the prevalence of the small-pox, of which
President Edwards, and his daughter, Mrs. Burr, died in the
spring of 1758, Mr. Chandler was prostrated by the terrible
scourge, and did not recover from its ill effects for nearly
three years, his face retaining its foot-prints to the end of
life. In addition to his labors here as parish-priest, he per
formed a large amount of missionary labor, in visiting and
officiating in the remote parts of the town back of the moun
tains, and in the town of Woodbridge. His ministrations* at
the latter place, at the commencement of the year 1762, had
required of him more than 3000 miles of travel and nearly
200 sermons, for all which he had received of them in gratui
ties not more than five guineas:
Mr. Chandler complains, about this time, of " that general
harmony and good understanding which " subsisted " between
ye Church and the Dissenters ; " the latter seeming to think
" that no material advantage " was " to be had by conform
ing to y Church," and the former being disposed " to return
ye compliment in their opinion of ye Dissenters." He feared
that Possibly in time we may come to think that ye unity of Christ's body
is a chimerical doctrine — that Schism is an Ecclesiastical Scarecrow —
and that Episcopal is no better than ye leathern mitten ordination.
As Mr. Chandler had been bred an Independent, and had
become in early youth a convert to Episcopacy, it was natural
for him to magnify the importance of the Episcopal peculiari
ties. With all the zeal, therefore of a proselyte, he sought
to widen, rather than to narrow, the breach between "the
Church " and " the Meeting," as it was customary, then and
long after, till within a few years, to call the two denomina
tions of Christian people into which the town was mainly
divided. This object he sought to promote, principally by
the circulation of controversial Tracts, copies of which he
desired might be sent him from abroad. But, this supply
being precarious, his own pen was presently called into re
quisition.

542 THE HISTORY OF
As Gov. Belcher had granted a Charter to the Presbyterian
church, so, on the accession of Gov. Josiah Hardy, Oct. 29,
1761, application was made, by the Eector, Church "Wardens
and vestry of St. John's church, for a similar favor, which,
as a matter of course, was received with favor, and a Charter
of Incorporation was granted, bearing date, July 20, 1762.
It appoints " John Halsted and Jacob De Hart to be the first
and Present Church Wardens of the said Church and Henry
Garth wait, Jonathan Hampton, Amos Morss, Ephraim Terrill,
Matthias Williamson, John De Hart, John Ogden, Cavalier
Jouet and John Chetwood to be the first and Present Vestry
men of said Church."
The only changes made in these names for the next fifteen
years were in the substitution, from time to time, of John
Herriman, Edward Thomas, and George Eoss, for Cavalier
Jouet and John De Hart, the latter serving as Secretary.
Eeference has already been made to the visit of the Rev.
George Whitefield to this town, in November 1763, and the
refusal of Mr. Chandler to grant him the use of his pulpit.
Popular as Mr. "Whitefield was among all classes, a division
was thereby created in the parish, and a great part of the
people were much offended. The number of communicants
was reduced to about seventy-five, of whom seldom more
than fifty could be got together at any time. The revival of
religion which prevailed in the town during 1764, also,
tended to embarrass Mr. Chandler in his ministrations, op
posed as he was to every thing of the kind. In February,
1765, he writes as one somewhat depressed, and says, —
Altho' some few persons, none of whom are of any influence have been
seduced from ye Church in ye year past, by those acts mentioned in my
Letter of July 5th, and notwithstanding that several Families of my Con
gregation have moved to other parts of the Province I have still under
my care 97 Families who profess themselves of y° Church and whom I
believe in general to be as good Christians as their Neighbors whatever
may be pretended —
Matters began to wear a more hopeful appearance at the
close of the next half year. The services of the church were
better attended — never more so, and an enlargement of the

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 543
parsonage was provided for by a generous subscription. The
addition, then made, consisted of that part of the present
building used as a Study, Dining Room, &c.
At the commencement, however, of the following year, Mr.
Chandler was-constrained, in consequence of the Stamp Act
agitation then at its height, to feel and say, that " the duty
of a Missionary [Episcopal, of course] in this Country is now
become more difficult than ever." While deprecating the
continuance of the policy of the government, he still pro
fessed his fixed resolution to abide by the cause of Parliament
rather than of the people — a resolution from which he never
swerved. In 1766, the University of Oxford conferred on
him, at the solicitation of Rev. Dr. Johnson, of New York,
the Degree of Doctor of Divinity.*
Thus far Dr. Chandler had published nothing. The struggle
in reference to an American Episcopate was now in progress,
and exciting deep interest. Several pamphlets had already
appeared on both sides, from the pens of Mr. Apthorp, and
Drs. Johnson and Caner, for, and of Dr. Mayhew, against, the
project. At the solicitation of Dr. Johnson, whose infirmities
would not allow of his undertaking the work himself, and by
appointment of the Clergy of New York and New Jersey,
met in convention at Shrewsbury, Oct. 1, 1767, Dr. Chandler
(stimulated thereto, doubtless, by the Anti-Episcopal Con
vention at E. Town, in November), prepared, and published
at New York, in June, 1767, an
Appeal to the Public in behalf of the Church of England in America :
Wherein the Original and Nature of the Episcopal Office are briefly con
sidered, Seasons for sending Bishops to America are assigned, The Plan
on which it ia proposed to send them is stated, and the Objections against
sending them are obviated and confuted. With an Appendix, giving a
brief account of an Anonymous Pamphlet, pp. 118.
The Rev. Dr. Charles Chauncy, of Boston, Mass., responded,
1768, in a pamphlet entitled — " The Appeal to the Public
answered, In Behalf of the Non-Episcopal Churches in
America, containing Bemarks on what Dr Thomas Bradbury
Chandler has advanced," &c. ; pp. 206. Soon after Dr Chand-
* N. T. Col. Docmts., VII. 89T, 517, 8, 5ST, 566, 592. Chandler's Johnson, pp. 192-8.

544 THE HISTORY OF
ler published " The Appeal Defended, or The proposed
American Episcopate Vindicated, In answer to the Objec
tions and Misrepresentations of Dr Chauncy and others."
This drew forth a rejoinder from Dr Chauncy, Jan., 1770,
with the title,— " Reply to Dr. T. B. Chandler's Appeal
defended;" which was answered by Dr. Chandler in 1771,
in a pamphlet of 240 pages, entitled, — " The Appeal farther
Defended, in Answer to the further Misrepresentations of
Dr. Chauncy." *
Notwithstanding this pamphlet controversy, Dr. Chandler
continued in the regular discharge of -his parochial duties,
occasionally going forth on missionary tours, and once, Nov.,
1769, far up into Sussex Co., then almost the outer edge of
civilization. In July, 1770, he refers to the fact, that " the
Dissenters of late have become more friendly in appearance
than ever," sometimes exceeding in number, in their attend
ance, on special occasions, his own people. In the course of
the two or three following years, the congregation had so
much increased, as to determine the people to enlarge, the
capacity of the church edifice. But, in 1774, it was resolved
to rebuild entirely ; the foundations of a new building, 85
by 50 ft., were laid around the old building ; materials were
collected, and money subscribed to defray the expense. But
the first shock of war put an end to the work, not to be re
sumed by that generation.
Dr Chandler (says Dr. Eudd) found his situation painful and unpleas
ant, as well from the active part which he deemed it his duty to take, as
from the violent feeling generally entertained against the church of which
he was a "minister. These considerations induced him to leave the colo
nies and go to England.t
Just before his departure he received a letter from John
Pownall, Under-Secretary of State, bearing date, April 5,
1775, as follows : —
I am directed by the Earl of Dartmouth to acquaint you that His
Majesty has been graciously pleased from a consideration of your merit &
* Chandler's Johnson, pp. 114-6. Sprague's Annals, V. 189, 140. Sedgwick's Livingston,
pp. 181-146. Chh. Eeview, IV. 671. Clark's St. John's Chh. pp. 117-188.
t Hist. Notices of St. John's Chh., pp. 15, 16.

ELIZABETH,_ NEW JERSEY. 545
services to signify His Commands to the Lords Commissioners of the
Treary that they do make and allowance to you out of such Funds as
their Lordships shall think proper of two hundred Pounds per annum,
the said allowance to commence from the first of January last.*
Dr. Chandler continued to officiate here until the middle
of May, 1775, when-, probably alarmed by the sacking of the
house of his friend, Dr. Myles Cooper, at N. York, on the
night of the 10th of May, he found refuge, with him, on the
Kingfisher, Capt. James Montague, a British ship of war, in
the harbor of N. York. On the 24th of May, in company
with Dr. Cooper and the Eev. Samuel Cook, he sailed in the
Exeter, for Bristol, Eng.f_
The church were left without a supply for the pulpit, and,
as the combat thickened, were greatly scattered, more espe
cially after the Declaration of Independence. Public wor
ship was at length suspended, and the church-edifice unoc
cupied on the Sabbath. As houses were needed for hospitals
and barracks, resort was had occasionally to the churches.
The fences were used for fuel, nor was the church-yard spared.
St. John's suffered most, as it was not used on the Sabbath.
Nearly all the wood-work of the interior was destroyed,
" and two attempts to burn the building by putting fire
under the pulpit were providentially defeated. . . About the
year 1779 or 1780, the congregation began to assemble in a
private house " for public worship on the Sabbath.^
The Easter elections were resumed in 1778, no record
previously occurring for four years, John De Hart, Stephen
Burrows, and "Wm. "Williamson, taking the places of Jonathan
Hampton, (who had died in 1777, a refugee), Jacob De Hart,
and Henry Garthwait. Jeremiah Garthwait is named as
sexton. In 1779, the election was held " at the church." It
is probable, that from this time, or perhaps earlier, worship
was resumed there.
An impostor obtained possession of the pulpit for a season
— " an artful man, who pretended to hold the sacred office,
and for a time acted as a clergyman here." He " was soon,
* N. T. Col. Documts., VIII. 569. t Pa. Journal, of May 81, 1775.
{ Dr. Rudd's Discourse, pp. 18, 19.
35

546 THE HISTORY OF
after exposed, and fled from the odium which he had brought
upon himself, and the punishment which his offence de
served." *
Soon after, the church obtained the occasional services of
the Eev. Uzal Ogden, of Newark. His father, Uzal, was
the grandson of the first David Ogden; a brother, also, of
Judge John, the father of Mrs. CaldweU.f
After the destruction of the Presbyterian church, in Jan
uary, 1780, many, who had been accustomed to worship
there, resorted to the Episcopal church, especially when Mr.
Ogden, Mrs. Caldwell's cousin, was to preach. So evangelical
and impressive were his discourses, that he became quite a
favorite with the Presbyterians, who, after Mr. Caldwell's
death, were, for several years, without both a pastor and a
church-edifice. A powerful revival of religion prevailed in
that congregation, in 1784-5, promoted, in a good degree, by
the preaching of Mr. Ogden in the Episcopal church4
Mr. Ogden was chosen, June 8, 1784, one of the Assistant
Ministers of Trinity Church, N. York, with a salary of £500
a year ; with leave of absence for two thirds of the year for
four years, and to receive one third of the salary. The re
maining portion of the year, he preached here and at New
ark, with an occasional visit to Sussex Co.
This arrangement continued to the close of 1787 ; was re
newed in 1788, and terminated in the spring of 1789. Dur
ing the latter part of this period, in 1788, he had become the
Eector of Trinity Church, Newark, serving them one half
¦of the time, and receiving from St. John's, for the other half,
the sum of £120, his residence being at Newark. In 1786-7,
the Church and steeple were put in a state of repair, and the
seats rented for revenue. In April 1789, the Eev. Samuel
Spraggs, of Mount Holly, N. J., was invited to become
the "resident minister, . . . constantly to officiate" in this
church. §
Dr. Chandler remained in exile the full period of ten years
* Dr. Eudd's Discourse, p. 19. t Newark Bicentennial, p. 145.
t Sprague's Annals, V. 868.
§ Vestry-Book. Borrian's Trinity Chh., N. T., pp. 168-170,

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 547
— a pensioner upon the royal bounty, — his family continuing
to occupy the rectory as before, through all the gloomy pe
riod of the war. The government at home gladly availed
themselves of his long experience in American affairs, and
often sought of him information and advice. Says Prof.
McVickar, —
From a mannsciipt journal kept by Dr. Chandler during his absence,
and now [1836] in the possession of the author, we find him still laboring
for those whom he had left ; raising funds for his destitute brethren ;
urging upon the government" plans of conciliation, and upon the bishops
with whom he seems to have lived in habits of intimate friendship, the
completion of his long-cherished plan of an American Episcopate." *
Dr. Berrian affirms, that
He was received with such a marked and universal respect into the so
ciety of the most distinguished persons as has very rarely been rendered
to any one from our country in private life.t
In the State Paper Office at London, is preserved a " Pe
tition of Thomas Bradbury Chandler, D.D., Eector of St.
John's Church, Elizabeth Town, New Jersey, and others, to
the King, supposed to have been presented early in 1777, to
the effect, ' that, in consideration of their eminent services to
his Majesty, and that, having, at considerable expense, dis
covered a tract of land on the waters of the Ohio, in the
Province of Canada, the settlement of which must soon take
place,' they pray his Majesty to grant them a mandamus for
100,000 acres of land in the said spot." £
He continued to cherish, almost to the last, the expectation
of the restoration of the royal authority in America. As late
as Dec. 3, 1781, he wrote, from London, to the Eev. Abra
ham Beach, of New-Brunswick, N. J., —
The late blow in Virginia [Cornwallis' Surrender] has given us a shock,
but has not overset us. Though the clouds at present are rather thick
about us, I am far, very far, from desponding. I think matters will take
a right turn and then the event will be right. §
About the year 1780, a small scab on his nose, a relic of
* Professional Tears of Hobart, p. 22. t Berrian's Hobart, p. 78.
X Analytical Index of N. J. Docmts., p. 455. § Clark, p. 200.

548 THE HISTORY OF
the small pox of 1757, developed in the form of a cancer, and
gave him much concern. Every expedient for a cure proved
unavailing. He spent a summer on the Isle of "Wight, living.
mostly on goat's milk ; but without the hoped-for bene'fit.*
In May, 1783, after the proclamation of Peace, several of
the Episcopal clergy of New York and Connecticut, Drs.
Learning, Inglis and Moore, with others, wrote, by the Rev.
Dr. Seiabury, (on his way to obtain the Episcopate), to the
Archbishop of York, a letter of commendation, in which
they say,—
We take this opportunity to inform your Grace, that we have consulted
his excellency Sir Guy Carletoa on the subject of procuring the appoint
ment of a Bishop for the province of Nova-Scotia, on which he has ex
pressed to us his entire approbation, and has written to administration,
warmly recommending the measure. We took the liberty, at the same
time, of mentioning our worthy brother, the Eev. Doctor Thomas B.
Chandler, to his excellency, as a person every way qualified to discharge
the duties of the Episcopal office in that province, with dignity and hon
our. And we hope for your Grace's approbation of what we have done
in that matter, and for the concurrence of your influence with Sir Guy
Carleton's recommendation in promoting the design. We should have
given this information sooner to your Grace, but that we waited for Doc
tor Seabury's departure for England, t
Writing from London, Sept. 3, 17S3, Dr. Seabury says, —
Dr. Chandler's appointment to Nova Scotia, will, I believe succeed.
And possibly he may go thither this autumn, or at least early in the
spring. But his success will do no good in the States of America. His
hands will be as much tied as the Bishops in England ; and I think he
will run no risks to communicate the Episcopal powers.
Again, writing, respecting the Archbishop of Canterbury,
from London, May 3, 1784, he says, — ¦
Dr. Chandler has been with him to-day on the subject of the Nova
Scotia Episcopate, which, I believe, will be effeoted.t
It was estimated, that not less than 30,000 refugee royal
ists had removed from the States to Nova Scotia, many of
whom were from New York and its vicinity. Hence the
zeal to provide an Episcopate for their benefit, as very few
* Sprague, V. 140. t Churchman's Magazine, 1st Ser., III. 115, 157, 194.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 549
of them pertained to any other body than the Church of Eng
land. It is evident, that Dr. Chandler was pleased with his
nomination to the bishopric, and that he sought to procure
the appointment. It was this that kept him abroad, more
than two years after the treaty of peace, though earnestly en
treated by his people, in 1783, to return and resume the
duties of his rectorship.*
In a letter, written at London, April 23, 1785, to Bishop
John Skinner, of Longside, Aberdeen, Scotland, he makes
the following statements: —
You may, perhaps, have heard, that after having been separated eight
years from my family, which I left in New Jersey, I have been detained
here two years longer, with the prospect of being appointed to the super-
intendency of the Church in our new country. This business, though the
call for it is most urgent, is still postponed ; and it appears to be in no
greater forwardness now than it did a year ago. In the meanwhile, I am
labouring under a scorbutic, corrosive disorder, which renders a s'ea voyage
and change of climate immediately necessary. I therefore thought proper
to wait upon the Archbishop [Moore] a day or two ago, to resign my pre
tensions to the Nova Scotia Episcopate, that I might be at liberty to cross
the Atlantic and visit my family, consisting now of a most excellent wife
and three amiable daughters. His Grace would not hear of my giving up
my claim to the above-mentioned appointment, but readily consented to
my visiting my family, on condition that I would hold myself in readiness
to undertake the important charge whenever I might be called fo3-, which
I promised, in case my health should admit of it. Accordingly I have
engaged a passage in a ship [the Greyhound, Capt. Dnnn] bound to New-
Yo3-k, which is obliged to sail by this day fortnight.t
Dr. Chandler reached New York, Sunday, June 19, 1785,
but too infirm to resume his parochial charge. In the course
of the following year, the long-sought Episcopate of Nova
Scotia was offered him, but his health was too much impaired
for him to think of performing its duties, and he was com
pelled to decline it. At his suggestion, the office was confer
red on his friend, the Rev. Charles Inglis, D. D., who had
removed from New York to Nova Scotia at the close of 1783,
and who was consecrated at Lambeth, Aug. 12, 17,87.
Very rarely was Dr. Chandler able to perform any official
* Sprague, V. 141, 133. t Annals of Scottish Episcopacy, in Chn. Journal, IV. 98.

550 THE HISTORY OF
services after his return ; five times only officiating in the
marriage service, (for Elias B. Dayton, George Joy, Michael
Hatfield, Aaron Ogden, and Capt. Cyrus De Hart), and occa
sionally at a funeral. At the request of the Vestry, however,
he retained the Bectorship and Eectory as long as he lived.
He died, at home, June 17, 1790, in the sixty-fifth year of his
age. The funeral services were performed, on Saturday, the 19th,
at St. John's Church. The Eight Eev. Dr. Samuel Provoost,
the Eev. Dr. Benjamin Moore, the Eev. Dr. Abraham Beach,
the Eev. Uzal Ogden, the Eev. Eiehard Moore, and the Rev.
George Ogilvie, served as pall-bearers. The burial service
was read by the Rev. Mr. Spraggs, and Bishop Provoost.
Dr. Beach preached from 1 Cor. 15: 55, — " 0 Death! where
is thy sting," &c*
He had six children :
1. Mary, baptized June 10, 1753, died early.
2. William, baptized, May 23, 1756, graduated at King's
College, N. Y., 1774, entered the British service, was Captain
of the New Jersey Volunteers, was stationed on Staten Island,
went abroad at the close of the war, and died in England,
Oct. 22, 1784, in his 29th year.
3. Mart Ricketts, baptized, Nov. 15, 1761, died unmar
ried, at home, June 28, 1784, a year before her father's
return, in her 23d year.
4. Elizabeth Catharine, baptized, July 22, 1764, was
married, Jan. 19, 1786, by her father, to Elias Bayley Dayton,
son of Gen. Elias Dayton, of this town. She died, Nov. 6,
1806, in her 43d year.
5. Jane Tongrelou, baptized, Sep. 27, 1767, was married,
May 3, 1796, by Bev. Menzies Raynoiyto William Dayton,
whom she survived many years, dying, in her native place.
She was buried, Jan. 31, 1859.
6. Mary Goodin, baptized, Sept. 11, 1774, an infant when
her father left home at the commencement of his ten years'
exile, was married, May 6, 1800, to the Rev. John Henry
Hobart, the youthful incumbent elect of St. George's Church,
* N. J. Journal, No. 850.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 551
Hempstead, L. I., and subsequently the highly honored
Bishop of the Diocese of New York.
Mrs. Chandler, to whom an annual pension was allowed
by the British government, after the decease of her husband,
survived him more than eleven years. She died, on Sunday,
Sept. 20, 1801, in her 69th year.
Dr. Chandler is represented, as having been
A large portly man, of fine personal appearance, of a countenance
expressive of high intelligence, though considerably marred by the small
pox, of an uncommonly blue eye, of a strong commanding voice, and a
great lover of music. He had fine powers of conversation, and was a
most agreeable companion for persons of all ages. He was very fond of
home, fond of retirement and of study, and was greatly beloved by his
congregation. His antipathy to any thing but British rule continued to
the last. Besides the controversial tracts already named, he wrote the
Life of Samuel Johnson, D. D., the first President of King's College, in
New York, which was published, after his decease, at N. York, in 1805.
He also published at Burlington, in 1771, dedicated to Gov. Wm. Frank
lin, " A Sermon Preached before the Corporation For the Belief of the
Widows and Children of Clergymen, in the Connection of the Chnrch of
England in America, at their Anniversary Meeting on the 2d of October,
1771, at Perth Amboy." *
* See, for many of the above facts, Clark's St. John's Church ; and Sprague's Annals, V.
187-142.

552 THE HISTORY OF

CHAPTER XXV.
A.D. 1783-1795.
Return of Gov. Livingston — Sad Changes — Visit of Washington — Refugees
remove to N. Scotia and N. Brunswick — "New Jersey Journal" established
— TJ. S. Constitutional Convention — Fourth of July Celebrations — New
Charter — Death of Gov. Livingston — Death of Gen. M. Ogden — Rage for
^peculation — Lotteries — Schools — Circulating Library — Congressmen —
Death of Mayor De Hart.
The eight years war of the Revolution came to an end,
April 19, 1783. All acts of hostility between the belligerents
terminated on that day. The fugitive patriots, who had
sought protection for their families in places remote from the
scene of conflict, began now to return to their forsaken, and,
in many instances, desolate homes. "While the refugee loyal
ists, who had so long been waging a bloody war with their
neighbors, were compelled, in order to their personal safety,
to go into exile.
By the return of Gov. Livingston to his home, the last
week in April, this town once more became, practically, the
capital of the State ; — " the first time in seven years," he says,
" that I have had any place which I could properly call my
home." Part of the time he had resided': here, in his own
house, while his family found a refuge at Baskingridge, or
Parcipany ; afterwards he resided at Trenton, and his good
lady at the homestead, to keep it from destruction — the
Governor making only occasional visits to his home.
It is not strange, that, on his return, he should feel solitary
and sad, as he took his accustomed walks about town, and
should say, that, " instead of my quondam agreeable com
panions, the village now principally consists of unknown,
nnrecommended strangers, guilty-looking tories, and very

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 553
knavish whigs." A great and visible change had come over
the place and people. The venerable house of worship that
he had so religiously frequented on the Sabbath was gone ;
with .the court house adjacent, and the academy at the upper
end of the burying-ground ; the parsonage house, too, and
the barracks, on the other side of the river. The town looked
desolate, of course.*
Old friends, moreover, had departed. Death had dealt
severe blows on the town. Caldwell, the " rousing gospel-
preacher," and his most excellent wife had fallen victims of
the war. Barber, the young collegian, who had quitted the
headship of the Academy for the tented field, and had be
come a highly valued officer of the Jersey Brigade had come
to an untimely end a few weeks before. Periam, also, his
successor in the Academy, had died ; Judge Stephen Crane,
Speaker of the Assembly ; Jonathan Hampton, so conspicuous
before the 4th of July 1776 ; Garret Noel, the N. York book
seller; John Clauson, the Commissioner of Confiscated
Estates ; and the venerable Deacons Whitehead and Hatfield,
with many others, had gone the way of all the earth.
Others were in exile or had removed. Dr. Chandler, of
St. John's, had not yet returned from England. Cavalier
Jouet, Ichabod B. Barnet, Broughton Eeynolds, Wm. Luce,
and others, had become refugees. Barnet died in 1783.
Robert Ogden, Speaker, had removed to Sussex Co. Wm.
Peartree Smith, Esq., the Governor's bosom friend, had re
moved to Newark. Others had gone, designing to return
after the war, but came not back. The war had made sad
havoc with the old residents, and quite changed the face of
society. Many years were required to repair the damage,
to recover from the confusion into which all business had
been thrown, and to regain lost property.
Late in the summer of 1783, Gen. Washington and his lady
had occasion to pass through the town, and the opportunity
was embraced to express to the venerated hero, the people's
high estimate of his person and services.-)-
* Sedgwick's Livingston, p. 246.
t N. J. Journal, Nos. 237, 8. Sparks' Washington, VIII. 474-5.

554 THE HISTORY OF
As the time drew nigh for the evacuation of the City of
New York, (Nov. 25, 1783), the last foot-hold of British
power on the sea-board, where the refugees from this vicinity
and elsewhere could freely express their hostility to the
whigs and the new order of things, it became necessary for
the loyalists who had been hopelessly compromised by the
war, to secure for themselves and families a residence in
some part of the British dominions. The greater part of
those who hailed from this town made choice of Nova Scotia
and New Brunswick; and several families, who had been
permitted to reside here during the war, were now constrain
ed to take their departure. Measures were taken, in the
following year, to complete the confiscation of the estates of
those against whom inquisitions had been found and judg
ment entered, 1778-9. All persons indebted to these refugees
were required to pay the amount to the agents appointed by
the State to receive these sums ; — Samuel Hays of Newark,
being the agent for the county of Essex.*
Eor the first time in the history of the town, a weekly
newspaper was established here as early as April, 1785, the
publication of which has been continued to the present day.
The " New Jersey Journal " was first issued at Chatham, N.
J., that place having been chosen rather than one below the
Short Hills, because of its greater safety, the enemy never
having been able to penetrate that section. The first number
bears date, Feb. 10, 1779. It was owned and edited by Mr.
Shepard Kollock. He was born at Lewes, Del., in Septem
ber, 1750. He learned the art of printing, in the office of
the Pennsylvania Chronicle at Philadelphia, under the eye
of William Goddard. At 20, he removed, for the benefit of
his health, to St. Christopher's, W. Indies, where he practised
his art. At the commencement of hostilities with Great
Britain, he returned home, entered the army, and served
with Col. Neill of the Continental Artillery, as First Lieu
tenant, till the close of the campaign of 1778 ; when, by and
with the advice of Gen. Knox, he established his " Journal,"
to aid his countrymen in their patriotic work.
* N. J. Gazette, No. 31S.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 555
The paper was of great service to the patriot cause, and con
tinued to be issued at Chatham, until the war was fully end
ed. Immediately after the evacuation of the city of New
York, the worthy editor removed his press to that city,
opened a book store at. No. 22 Hanover square, and com
menced, December 3d, the publication of the " New York
Gazetteer and the Country Journal." The first month it
was issued weekly ; but, with the beginning of 1784, tri
weekly, on Monday, "Wednesday, and Friday, until the 27th
of July ; after that, semi-weekly, on Tuesday and Friday,
until August, 1786 ; when, having entered into partnership
with George . Carroll and John Patterson, Mr. Kollock
issued the paper, under the name of the " New York Gazet
teer or Daily Evening Post," until December 14, 1786, when
it was discontinued for want of support. He removed, Aug.
13, 1784, to " the corner-house in Water st. opposite the
Coffee House," in Wall st.
During a part of this time, he, also, conducted a weekly
paper at New Brunswick, N. J., established as early as
July, 1784 ; transferring it to this town, not later than April,
1785. The precise date of the transfer has not been ascer
tained, no copies of the E. T. paper previous to Nov. 8, 1786,
having been found. • The New York Gazetteer of Ap. 29,
1785, asks patronage for " the N. Jersey paper, printed at
Elizabeth Town." It was styled the " New Jersey Journal
and Political Intelligencer." The latter part of the name
was dropped, "Wednesday, June 13, 1792. December 5,
1797, the day of publication was changed to Tuesday, as at*
present. Mr. Kollock was a zealous patriot, and a strenuous ad
vocate of Republican principles, adhering to the party
which elected Jefferson to the Presidential chair. He
defended the administration in the war of 1812-15, and
supported John Quincy Adams for President. He re
tired from the printing business Sep. 1. 1818, (having sold
out to Peter Chatterton,) held the position of postmaster
until 1829, for 35 years was a Judge of the Court of
Common Pleas "for the County of Essex, and closed a

556 THE HISTORY OF
long and useful life in Christian hope, July 28, 1839, aged
88 years.*
In the proceedings that led to the formation of the Con
stitution of the United States, this town, by means of its
" Journal " and public men, took an active and prominent
part. In the preliminary Convention at Annapolis, Md.,
Sept. 11-14, 1786, Congressman Abraham Clark, of this
town, was one of the three representatives of N. .Jersey.
In the Convention that framed the Constitution, and that
commenced its sessions at Philadelphia, May 14, 1787, the
State made choice of six of its eminent citizens, as rep
resentatives, three of whom, Gov. "Wm. Livingston, Hon.
Abraham Clark, and Hon. Jonathan Dayton, were well-
known citizens of this borough, men of mark, of vigorous
intellect, and the former two, particularly, of long experience
in State affairs. Mr. Clark, however, was prevented from
attending. Livingston and Dayton both took part in the
deliberations, and, on the 17th of September 1787, affixed
their names to that noble charter, f
The Fourth of July had already at this time become the
great day of the year, and was celebrated with the utmost
pomp and hilarity. In 1787, Capt. Meeker's Light Horse,
Capt. Crane's Grenadiers, Capt. Williamson's Infantry, and
Capt. Williams' Artillery paraded, the federal salute was
fired, the bells were rung, service was held in the church,
the Rev. Mr. Ogden preached an appropriate sermon, and
a grand dinner was served at Prentice's tavern. In 1788,
the Rev. Mr. Austin delivered the sermon ; the military,
under command of Gen. Ogden, paraded, and were reviewed
by Gov. Livingston ; " an elegant bower with 13 arches
was prepared for the company to associate [for dancing]
after dinner, but the rain prevented until the next day,
when a most brilliant assembly of Ladies added a double
lustre to the rejoicings." In the subsequent years, the
sermon gave place to the oration, and the reading of the
* Newark Daily Advortisor, Jnly SO, 1S39. Filos of N. J. Journal, in N. J. Hist. Soo.
Library at Newark.
t Gordon's N. Jersoy, pp. 839, 830.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 557
Declaration of Independence became a fixed service for
the day.*
The Charter of the borough having been obtained in Colo
nial times, it was suffered to lapse, after July 4, 1776, so that
the people had been practically disfranchised. Various
changes in its provisions were needed, in order to adapt it to
the new order of things. Application, therefore, was made
to the Legislature, and an Act was passed, Nov. 28, 1789,
" To Establish and Confirm the Charter, Rights and Privi
leges of the Borough of Elizabeth." In the amended Char
ter, it is provided,
That Samuel Potter, John Scudder, Benjamin Pettit, John Tucker,
Obadiah Meeker, Jesse Clark, John Hendricks, Amos Morse, William
Harriman, Samuel Tyler, William Darby, and David Crane, be the present
Common Council ; that William Halsted be Sheriff of the Borough and
Town Corporate ; and William Shute, Chamberlain and Treasurer ; Na
than Woodruff, Marshal ; and Amos Morse, John Scudder, William Wood
ruff and Matthias Meeker, Assessors ; Jeremiah Ballard, John Craig, Jesse
Clark, and Eobert Wade, Collectors; David Eoss, High Constable; Wil
liam Southwell, Joseph Stansbury, Samuel Norris, Noadiah Potter,
Charles Guilman, and Moses Austin, Constables , and Edward Thomas,
John Craig, Jesse Clark, and David Crane, Overseers of the Poor, t
Under the neAV Charter, John De Hart, Esq., was chosen
Mayor, and Gen. Elias Dayton, Recorder : John Ross, Jedi-
diah Swan, Jeremiah Ballard, Stephen Crane, and Robert
Wade, Aldermen.
Hitherto, no measures appear to have been taken, by the
town authorities, to restore the ruins of the war. But, on
the 10th of December, 1789, it was ordered by the Corpo
ration, —
That Mr. DeHart, Mr. Dayton, Mr. Harriman, & Mr Ballaid be a Com
mittee to view the Ground where the old Court House stood & to ascer
tain where the boundaries are, & to obtain draughts for building a new
Court House, f
Gov. Livingston died, July 25, 1790, in the 67th year of
his age. His excellent wife, Susannah French, had died
* N. J. Journal, Nos. 193, 247. t Patterson's Laws of N. J., abridged, p. 98.
1 Corporation Eecords,_I..6.

558 THE HISTORY OF
July 17, 1789. His remains were interred on the 27th, with
civic and military honors. A vast concourse of people from
every quarter assembled in the Presbyterian church, and
Dr. McWhorter, of Newark, preached from Job 16 : 22. An
admirable Memoir of his Life, prepared by Theodore Sedg
wick, Jun., was published at New York, in 1833.
Gen. Matthias Ogden, also, was taken away soon after, in
the vigor of his manhood. His remains were deposited in
the Presbyterian burying-ground, and the place is marked
by a monumental stone, on which is inscribed the following
epitaph : —
Sacred to the memory of General Matthias Ogden, who died, on the
31 day of March, 1791, aged 36 years. In him were united those various
virtues | of the Soldier, the Patriot and the Friend, | which endear men
to Society. | Distress failed not to find relief in his | bounty, | Unfortu
nate merit a refuge in his | generosity. |
If manly sense and dignity of mind,
If social virtues lib'ral and refin'd,
Nipp'd in their bloom, deserve compassion's tear,
Then reader, Weep ! for Ogden's dust lies here.
Weed his grave clean ye men of genius, j for he was your kinsman! |
Tread lightly on his ashes, ye men of feeling, | for he was your brother !
He married, in April, 1776, Hannah, a daughter of Col.
Elias, and sister of Jonathan, Dayton ; — " the best of women,"
as Burr called her. She was born in 1758, and died, Dec.
11, 1802, surviving her husband nearly twelve years. They
had four children : Francis Barber, for many yeare U. S.
Consul at Liverpool, Eng. ;" George M., afterwards of New
Orleans, La. ; Peter V., compromised with Aaron Burr in
the Blennerhassett affair ; and Jane Chandler, born, Nov.,
1784, and died Sept. 9, 1785*
The opening of the Western country for settlers, together
with the great and increasing opportunities for trade as well
as agriculture in the older settlements, engendered a spirit
of speculation, felt most in the large cities, but spreading its
infection throughout the country. The rage for gambling in
* Davis's Ufa of Burr, I. 47-57, 62, 66, 77, SO, 94, 97. N. J. Journal, No. 890. Old Mer
chants of N. T., I. 259.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 559
the funds reached the highest pitch, in the summer of 1791.
U. S. Bank Scrip rose nearly 100 per cent, in two days, or
500 per cent, on the amount paid in. The process of inflation
went on, until, on the 1st of April [fitting day] of the next
year, the bubble burst — bankruptcy ensued, and prices
depreciated, involving multitudes in ruin.*
The mania that issued, as might have been expected, so
deplorably, was fostered, to some extent by legislation,
unwisely sanctioning the obtaining of money for public ob
jects, by Lottery. Among others the Elizabeth Town and
New Brunswick Church Lottery was authorized in 1786. It
was advertised, in Kollock's N. Y. Gazetteer, June 16, 1786,
the object being, so far as this towa was concerned, " towards
finishing a building erected by the Presbyterian Congregation
in Elizabeth Town." Isaac Woodruff, Jonathan Dayton, and
Aaron Lane were the E. T. Managers. The profits, as
acknowledged, in May, 1789, were $1365. Encouraged by
the success of this operation, the Corporation of the borough
applied for, and obtained a grant of a Lottery to raise the
sum of £2500 for " rebuilding the Court House and Gaol,"
" and finishing the Academy," " which during the late war
wore occupied for the use of the United States, and burnt by
the enemy." It was proposed to sell 13,800 tickets, of which
7472 were to be prizes, from two, to five hundred, dollars,
each. The Lottery was to be drawn in three classes, one
dollar for the first, two dollars for the second, and four dollars
for the third, class of tickets. The Managers were Jonathan
H. Lawrence and Elias B. Dayton, f
More than twelve years elapsed before the final accounts
of the Managers of the Lottery were rendered and settled.
Frequent references are made, in the Records of the Corpo
ration, from year to year, in the mean time, to troubles
growing out of the sale of tickets, and the payment of prizes.
The Academy appears to have been in successful operation,
(although the building was in an unfinished state), from the
first of June, 1789, on which day it was opened for pupils.
Mr. Patrick Murdock, a graduate of the University of Edin-
* N. J. Journal, Nos. 408, 442, 445. t lb., Nos. 421, 424, 458, 484.

560 THE HISTORY OP
burgh, who had taught for several years at Wilmington, took
charge of the Latin School, and Mr. Luther Halsey, of the
English department. The Trustees were — Rev. David Aus
tin, President, Gov. Wm. Livingston, Judge John Chetwood,
Hon. Jonathan Dayton, John De Hart, Aaron Ogden, Mat
thias Williamson, and George Ross. In November 1790,
Mr. Murdoch was succeeded by Col. John Taylor, subsequently
Professor in Union College, N. Y. Board was to be had for
£20, in good families, and Tuition was £5 a year.*
Col. Taylor was succeeded by Samuel C. Blackman, (Yale,
1793) ; and he, in Sep. 1796, by Henry James Feltus, a young
Methodist exhorter, who had come over, in 1795, from Eng
land, afterwards, the Rev. Dr. Feltus, of the Episcopal Church,
N. Y. He had charge of the Academy for two years, and
was succeeded, in 1798, by James Stevenson, of Morristown ;
and he, in 1799, by David Young (Yale, 1'798), famous in
subsequent years for his astronomical calculations. He gave
place, in 1801, to Edmund D. Barry, of Trinity College,
Dublin, "an exile of Erin," well known in after years, as the
Eev. E. D. Barry, D. D. (Epis.), and a most successful teacher.
His successor, in 1803, was the Eev. Samuel Lilly, of St.
John's Church, of whom mention is made on a subsequent
page. To him succeeded, in 1806, Henry Mills (C. N. J.,
1802), afterwards the Eev. H. Mills, D. D. (Presb.), of Auburn
Theo. Sem., N. Y. William Belden (Yale, 1803), followed,
till 1812, long a successful Pub. School Teacher in New York.
He was followed, in 1812-13, by Edward Allen (C. N. J.,
1815), and again, 1815-17. He has been a most useful
Presbyterian minister, more than half a century. Moses
Smith, previously of Hudson, N. Y., followed in 1817. f
A Young Ladies' School was commenced, in April 1789,
by Anne Williams, in -the house opposite John Blanchard's.
A similar school was opened, May 1, 1791, by Madame
* N. J. Journal, Nos. 292,882, 869. The following announcement appeared in the N. J.
Journal of Aug. 1, 1787 : " Hon day [July 80] an handsome edifice was reared In $his town to
be devoted to the cultivation of soience. ... It is to be denominated the Elizabeth Town
Academy." t N. J. Journal, Nos. 676, 769, 908, 944, 1032, 1209, 14S8, 1736. Fish's St. Ann's Chh.,
Brooklyn, N. T., pp. 29-89.35!,

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 561
Capron, a French lady, in which the French language, French
manners, and French accomplishments were taught. It was
the period of the French Eevolution, and it was all the
fashion then to shout for the French Eepublic, and fraternize
with French democracy. Mons. St. Aivre was her Dancing
Master, under whose auspices, a ball was given at Wales's
Tavern, Sep. 7, 1791, and another, Oct. 13, " when 16 young
ladies performed the Bow Dance, the Minuet de la Cour, la
Gayotte and Allemande." Mons. Dillon succeeded him the
following year. Madame Tapray, in March, 1795, succeeded
Madame Capron. In the spring of 1799, Messrs. Mitchell,
Nugent and Dupot each opened a Dancing School in the
town.* A Medical School, also, was opened here, in 1790. Dr. Paul
Micheau, of Eichmond, Staten Island, who had commenced
practice in the town, in April, 1789, advertised, Feb. 1790,
a complete course of Medical Lectures to be given, at 4 P. M.,
from May 10th to July 25th. Charge, £5. f
Thus early after the war, the town began to be distinguish
ed for its institutions of learning. Pains were taken to obtain
the best instructors in all departments of knowledge, many
* N. J. Journal, Nos. 287, 393, 411, 417, 475, 596, 810, 811, 814.
t Ibid., Nos. 287, 832. Dr Micheau married, March 5, 1791, Maria, the daughter of Peter
Vergereau, Jr., and Abigail, daughter of Col. Cornelius Hatfleld. Mrs. Micheau died, Aug.
15, 1798, before completing her 21st year. O ver her grave, in the Presbyterian burying ground,
her fond husband erected a monument with this inscription : —
" Closed are those eyes in endless night, Fair as the break of op'ning day,
No more to beam with fond delight, Calm as the summer's evening ray,
Or with affection roll ; Truth, virtue was her guide.
Eternal silence seals that tongue, When sister spirits call'd her hence,
Where sense and soft persuasion hung, Obedience bow'd at life's expense,
To captivate the soul. She sigh'd, she sunk, she died 1
Oh, she was all that thought could paint, Immortal saint 1 supremely bright !
The mortal rising to the saint, Look down through skies of purest light,
In every deed of life. And bid affliction cease.
At once, the fatal arrows end Oh, smooth thy husband's lonely bed,
The fondest child, the kindest friend, Iu visions hover round his head,
And most endearing wife. And hush his mind to peace."
It was mainly through his agency, and at his suggestion, that a " Medical Society for the
Eastern District of the State of New Jersey " was formed in 1790, of which D' Isaac Morse, of
this town, was the efficient Secretary. It met quarterly, generally in this town or Newark.
N. J. Journal, Nos. 890, 402. Clark's Med. Men of N. J., pp. 10-12.
36

562 THE HISTORY OF
of whom, having graduated at Princeton, became known
and considerably noted in the liberal professions, especially,
divinity. The more to foster this spirit, a Library Association was
formed early in 1792, for the circulation of useful books, and
the elevation of the tastes of the people. A similar Associa
tion, on a limited scale, had existed for some time previously
but had not been successful. The Constitution of the new
Company, now extant, is subscribed by John De Hart,
Samuel Spraggs, David Austin, James Eicketts, Matthias
Williamson, Jr., George Ross, Shepherd Kollock, William
Shute, Job Haines, Elias B. Dayton, Jonathan H. Lawrence,
Samuel Smith, Caleb Halsted, Jr., Aaron Ogden, Edward
Thomas, Lewis "Woodruff, Jeremiah Ballard, Isaac Morse,
William Steele, Jonathan Dayton, Abraham Clark, Jr., John
Clarke, William Halsted, John Chetwood, Jonathan Wade,
Isaac H. "Williamson, Matthias H. Williamson, Horatio B.
Dayton, Joseph Lyon, Jr., and Cornelius Blanchard. These
were original subscribers. Other names were added 'from
year to year. George' Boss was chosen Librarian, Elias B.
Dayton, Treasurer, and Messrs, David Austin, J. Hampton
Lawrence, Matthias "Williamson, Jr., Jeremiah Ballard and
Aaron Ogden, a Committee for the choice and purchase of
books. In 1 794, Isaac H. Williamson, was chosen Librarian,
and in 1796, Dr. Abraham Clark.
The town, at this period, as in former days, contributed
largely to the influences which shaped the politics of the
State and the Nation. It was rarely the case that it was not
represented in the State Legislature. To the first Congress,
it sent the Hon. Elias Boudinot ; and to both the second and
third Congresses, the Hon. Elias Boudinot, Abraham Clark,
and Jonathan Dayton, (all of them active and influential
members), — one twenty-fourth of the whole number of Rep
resentatives ; while, from Feb. 26, 1801 to Mar. 3, 1803,
both the Senators from this State, Aaron Ogden and Jonathan
Dayton were citizens of this town ; — an undue proportion
certainly, not equaled by any other town in the country of
the same size. To the fourth and fifth Congresses, it gave a

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 563
Speaker in the person of the Hon. Jonathan Dayton, after
wards Senator for six years.
The first Mayor under the new Charter, the venerable
John De Hart, continued in office until his death, June 1st,
1795, in the 67th year of his age. His remains were deposit
ed in the burial ground of St. John's Church, and the follow
ing inscription was placed on the stone that marks the spot :
In memory of | John De Hart Esquire, | Counsellor at law and Mayor
of | this Borough, | Who departed this life June 1st, 1795 | Aged LXVI
years. His worth in private life was | truly great ; | Nor will his publick
virtues | be forgotten : his name being recorded on the list of | chosen
Patriots | who composed the memorable | Congress of 1775.
During his Mayoralty, Isaac "Woodruff was Deputy Mayor,
and, in addition to those mentioned on a previous page,
Edward Thomas, John Tucker, Anthony Morse, Benjamin
Corey and Aaron Lane were appointed Aldermen.

564 THE HISTORY OF

CHAPTER XXVI.
A. D. 1725-1795.
Subdivisions of the Township — Springfield set off, and Turkey annexed to it —
New Providence set off from Springfield — Settlement of Springfield — Rev.
Timothy Symmes — Rev. Nathan Ker — Rev. J. Van Artsdalen — Settlement
of New Providence — Rev. John Cleverly — Rev. A Horton — Rev. Jos.
Lamb — Rev. Timothy Allen — Rev. Jonathan Elmer — Westfield set off —
Its Settlement — Rev. N. Hubbell — Rev. John Grant — Rev. Ben. Woodruff
— Scotch Plains — Rev. Ben. Miller — Rev. Wm. Van Horn — Death of
Hon. Abraham Clark — Removal of Hon. Elias Boudinot, LL. D.
One hundred and twenty eight years had passed since the
town was planted, and one hundred years, lacking five
months, since the bounds of the original township were de
fined by the Provincial Legislature. These bounds, with the
exception of that rather indefinite portion of the town that
extended beyond the Passaic river had continued unaltered
during this whole period. They had been retained, in the
amended Charter of 1789. The town laws and regulations,
and the authority of its magistracy, extended over the whole
area. At an early date, however, various hamlets, and clusters
of farm-houses, gradually sprung up in different localities.
The facilities of navigation, and the attraction of water privi
leges, drew quite a number of the early settlers to the banks
of the Rahway river. Another group of planters, mostly of
one family, gave name to the neighborhood, called — " Lyon's-
Farms." Still another, locating a few miles to the west,
gave name to " Wade's Farms," better known as " Connecticut
Farms." Soon after, a little to the north of west, just under
the mountain, a few neighbors called their settlement by the

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 565
name of " Springfield." Seven miles to the west of the town
proper, " Westfield," began to attract settlers quite early in
the eighteenth century. Two or three miles still west of this
settlement were the " Scotch Plains," where a large part of
the Scotch immigration of 1684-6, found a pleasant home,
on the eastern side of Green-Brook ; while, at a later period,
on the same side of the Brook, two or three miles lower
down, a few scattered habitations served as the nucleus of
" Plainfield," 16 miles from the town proper, and yet within
the township. Four or £. r e miles over the mountains to the
northwest of Westfield, and nearly as far to the west of
Springfield, the beautiful valley of the upper Passaic very
early drew from the older parts of the town a considerable
number of hardy pioneers, to whose settlement was originally
given the name of " Turkey," by which it continued to be
known until quite recently ; though, not long after their being
gathered together, they chose to be called,' the people of
" New Providence."
In the administration of the township laws, the several
parts, or neighborhoods, were denominated " Wards ; " as
the Eahway Ward ; the "Westfield, the Springfield, and the
Farms' Wards ; the latter referring to" Connecticut Farms.
In the selection of civil officers for the town, — aldermen,
councilmen, town committee, constables, overseers of the
poor, surveyors and overseers of the highways, assessors, col
lectors, pound keepers, as well as sheriff, coroner, marshal,
and mayor of the borough, due regard was had to the claims
of these several wards.
As the population increased, and churches and school-
houses were built, these respective settlements began to
complain of, what they had long felt, the inconvenience
of living so far away from the central authority — the seat
of government in the town proper, and of being compelled
to travel so far to town meetings. One after another,
therefore, they began to agitate the question of subdivision
of the township, so as to give to each of these localities a
township of its own. The first to effect their object in this
respect was

566 THE HISTORY OF
SPRINGFIELD.
Application was made to the Legislature in 1793, and an
Act passed, May 27th, providing,
That all that part of the towEfship of Elizabeth, and the township of
Newark, lying within the following line ; beginning on the bank of the
Bahway river, in the line which divides the wards of Springfield and
Westfield ; thence running in the said line to the top of the mountain,
and from thence to New Providence meeting-honse, and thence to Pas
saic river ; thence down the said river to the bridge commonly known by
the name of Cook's bridge ; thence down the old road to the top of the
mountain ; thence on a direct line to Kean's Mills ; thence on a direct line
to a bridge, which crosses the east branch of Bahway river, commonly
known by the name of Pierson's bridge, by his mill-dam, and from thence
down the said river to the place of beginning ; shall be, and is hereby set
off from the townships of Elizabeth and Newark, and made a separate
township to be called by the name of " The Township of Springfield* "
The people of New Providence, believing that they would
be better accommodated by annexation to this new township,
as it was on the line of their roads, which, by necessity,
(owing to the trend of the mountains back of them towards
the south-east), ran in the direction of north-east and south
west, made application, the following winter, and an Act was
passed by the Legislature, Feb. 4th, providing, —
That all that part of the township of Elizabeth, lying within the limits
or boundaries herein described, that is to say, beginning where the line
of the township of SpriDgfield intersects the Passaic river ; thence up said
river to the line that divides the counties of Esses and Somerset ; from
thence on the line that runs between the two aforesaid counties ; until it
comes to the head of the west branch of G-reen Brook ; thence down said
brook on said line until it comes where the east and west branches of
Green Brook form a junction ; thence np the east branch of said brook
until it intersects the line of the township of Springfield, at the north
west corner of the township of Westfield ; thence on the line of the town
ship of Springfield to the place of beginning ; shall be and hereby is an
nexed to the township of Springfield.t
This Act remained in force until Nov. 8, 1809, when an
other Act was passed, at the request of the people of New
Providence, and they were erected into a township with the
* PatorBon's Laws ofN. Jersey, p. 122. t Ibid., p 123.

ELIZABETH, NEW. JERSEY. 567
same bounds as above, except on the Springfield line, which
is thus described : —
Beginning in the line that divides the townships of Westfield and
Springfield at the head of Green Brook, thence north twelve degrees and
twenty minutes east to the south side of the road running from New
Providence to Springfield and a little east of the dwelling-house of Amos
Potter, esquire, thence north forty one degrees and fifty five minutes west
to the race of the saw-mill of Benjamin Bonnel deceased, thence into the
bed of the river Passaic in the Morris county line, thence up the bed of
said river, &c*
The settlement of Springfield dates back to the year 1717,
when the Briant family made it their home, coming hither
from Hackensack. The Stites,f Denman, Whitehead, and
Van "Winckle families followed. Others moved up from " the
Farms " and from the town, and occupied the desirable lands
below the mountain. The greater part of the original set
tlers were from Elizabeth Town and Newark, as appears from
the obvious identity of the names most prevalent.
In the infancy of the settlement, the people were under
the necessity of going to Elizabeth-Town to worship on the
Sabbath,, many of them performing the whole distance on
foot. This continued, however, but for a few years, as a
church was organized, and a pastor settled, at Connecticut
Farms, as early as 1734, when, of course, they found it more
convenient to attach themselves to the new organization.
Some of them, however, in admiration of Mr. Dickinson, may
have continued their Sabbath-day's journeyings to Elizabeth
Town, until his decease in 1747.
For the convenience of the dwellers under the mountain, a
rude, house of worship was erected, about the year 1745, in
what is now known as Millburn, about half a mile north of
the place where Aaron Dean resided, one hundred years
later. A Presbyterian church was organized here, by the
Presbytery of New York, in 1745. The Pastor of "the
Farms' " church having removed to Newtown, L. I., the
* Bloomfield's Laws of N. Jersey, p. 218.
t. A genealogical account of the family of William Stites is found in Littell's Passaic Val
ley, pp. 407-10.

568 THE HISTORY OF
Springfield church united with the church of New Providence,
in calling the
REV. TIMOTHY SYMMES.
He was a great-grandson of Bev. Zechariah Symmes, of
Cambridge University, Eng., 1620-1, who came to Charles-
town, Mass., in 1634, and died in 1672. His eldest son, Wil
liam, was born in 1627, and died in 1691. William, the
eldest son of William, was born in 1679, married Ruth Con-
vers of "Woburn, and died in 1764. Their fourth son, Timo
thy, was born at Scituate, Mass., in 1715. He graduated at
Harvard, in 1733. He was ordained, Dec. 2, 1736, the first-
pastor of the Congregational church of Millington, in East
Haddam, Ct. He took an active part in promoting "the
Great Revival," then, or soon after, in progress among the
churches of New England, and was led, in common with
Croswell, Allen, and Davenport, into some excesses and
errors, by which reproach was brought upon the work of
grace. "When Jonathan Dickinson published, in 1742, his
" Display of God's Special Grace," Mr. Symmes joined with
Mr. Allen and several other N. England ministers, in an en
dorsement of Croswell's virulent reply, and in testifying
against Mr. " Dickinson's inexcusable error." It was his con
nection with this party that led to his dismission in 1743 ;
after which, introduced, probably, by his friend, Davenport,
he supplied the church of Upper Acquebogue, Riverhead,
L. I., for a short period. Subsequently he filled vacancies in
"West Jersey. One of his college classmates was Joseph
Cleverly, a son, it is thought, of the Rev. John Cleverly, the
first minister of New Providence. It was through him, most
likely, that he was introduced to this region. He was in
stalled, at the latter place, Oct. 16, 1746. The record of the
church of New Providence says, he
Preached alternately with us and Springfield, and was dismissed from
us the 26th of December in the year 1750, for his ill conduct.
What this " ill conduct " was does not appear ; it, proba
bly, did not compromise his moral character, as the Synod
recommended the Presbytery, in May, 1750, to send him

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 569
South to supply vacancies, and as, too, he remained in con
nection with the Presbytery, about a year after he was dis
missed from his church. He had married a daughter of the
Rev. John Cleaves of Ipswich, Mass., whither he returned,
and where he settled. After the death of his first wife, he
married Eunice, daughter of Francis Cogswell. He died at
Ipswich, April 6, 1756, aged forty one years. Judge John
Cleve Symmes was his son.*
After the removal of Mr. Symmes, the church remained
•vacant about thirteen years ; supplied, probably, occasionally
or statedly, by the Rev. Messrs. Davenport, Thane, and
Derby, of Connecticut Farms, and the Rev. Messrs. Allen
and Elmer of New Providence. The next pastor was the
REV. NATHAN KER.
He was the great grandson of Walter Ker, who was ban
ished from Scotland, Sept. 3, 1685, and came to America,
settling at Freehold, N. J., where he was regarded as one of
the principal founders of the town, and the church. His son,
Samuel, had two sons, Samuel and Joseph. The grandson,
Samuel, also, had two sons, Jacob, and Nathan. The latter
was born, in 1735, at Baskingridge, N. J. His brother,
Jacob Ker, graduated at the College of New Jersey, in 1758V
was a Tutor of the College from 1760 to 1762, and afterwards
a highly respectable minister of the Presbyterian Church in.
Delaware. Nathan graduated at the same College in 1761,
and, with his brother, Jacob, was ordained by the Presbytery.
of New Brunswick, July 17, 1763. Shortly after he was trans
ferred to the Presbytery of N. York, and took charge of the
church of Springfield. He continued here but two years,
when he removed to Long Island, and in 1766, to Goshen,
N. Y., where he continued in the faithful discharge of his
ministry until his decease, Dec. 14, 1804. +
Another vacancy of several years' continuance ensued,
during which the people were dependent on neighbor-
* Savage, IV. 242-4. Webster's Presb. Chh., pp. 584-5, 548-9. Barber's N. Jersey, pp. 191,
2'. Eecords of New Providence Chh., p. 2. Eecords of Presb. Chh., p. 240.
t Eecords of the Presbytery of New York. Whitehead's P. Amboy, p. 40. Littell's Pas
saic Valley, p. 475.

570 THE HISTORY OF
ing ministers for occasional supply. Their next pastor was
the
REV. JACOB VAN ARTSDALEN.
He was, as his name indicates, of Dutch extraction. Sy
mon Jansen Van Arsdalen emigrated from Holland to New
Amsterdam, in 1653, locating at Flatlands, L. I., where he
was classed among the first citizens. He died about 1710,
and left two sons, Cornelius and John, the prolific source of
all the Van Arsdale family in America. Cornelius had six
sons, Derick, John, Simon, Philip, Abraham, and Jacobus,
who settled in Somerset Co., N. J., as early as 1726. He
had, also, three daughters : Alletta, Petronella, and Mary.
John was the great-grandfather of the late Cornelius C*. Van
Arsdale, D.D., of New York. Philip, born, Feb. 12, 1701,
at Flatlands, L. L, married, Ap. 30, 1726, Jane Van Dyck
of Red Mills, L. I. (born, Feb. 23, 1703), and had eight chil
dren : Cornelius, Hendrick, Mary, Isaac, Philip, John, Ja
cob, and Abraham. He died, in his 97th year, June 17, 1797,
at Somerset, N. J.
Jacob, the 6th son, was born, Feb. 8, 1715, at Somerset,
N. J., and was educated at Princeton, where he graduated
in 1765, a classmate of Judges Bacon and Rush, of Drs.
Halstead and Rumsay, of Robert and Jonathan Ogden, of
this town, of the Rev. Samuel Kirkland, Rev. Drs. Joel
Benedict and Jonathan Edwards, College Presidents, and
other worthies. He was ordained, by the Presbytery of New
Brunswick, June 19th, 1771, in whose connection he contin
ued until the latter part of 1774, when he was received by
the Presbytery of New York, and put in charge of the
church of Springfield. He continued in the orderly and
faithful performance of the duties of the office, as far as his
health permitted, more than a fourth of a century. In the
spring of 1797, and again three years later, he was, by rea
son of long-continued illness, disqualified for preaching, and,
at his request, supplies for his pulpit were provided by the
Presbytery. He was compelled to relinquish the pastoral
office at length, and was dismissed from his charge, May 6,
1801. He died at Springfield, Oct. 24, 1803. He married

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 571
Mary Sutphen, of Monmouth Co., who survived him, and
died, at Somerset. They had four children : Mary [the wife
of Grover Coe], Jane [the wife of Mr. Stewart], Elizabeth
Ryerson [the wife of Isaac Van Arsdale, of Somerset], and
Elias Van Arsdale, LL. D., of Newark, N. J.*
NEW-PROVIDENCE.
Though not organized as a distinct township until the year
1809, New Providence, from the time of its annexation to
the township of Springfield, February 4, 1794, ceased to
have any connection with the old town of Elizabeth. The
settlement of this attractive portion of the town dates back,
as previously stated, mainly to the period of the second gen
eral allotment of lands to the original Associates, or their
legal representatives, 1736-8. Some few farms had been
located there previously, but, at and after this period, fam
ilies from below the mountains began to move up and locate
themselves on their several allotments.
The earliest settlers were, — Jonathan and Joseph Allen,
John and James Badgley, Thomas Baker, Jr., John Bedell,
Nathaniel Bonnell, William Broadwell, John Camp, Jona
than and Jacob Carll, James Cauldwell, Elias Clark, Henry
Connet, Daniel Day, Joseph Doty, Joseph Frazee, Jeremiah
Hart, Uriah Hedges, Samuel, Andrew, and Anthony Littell,
Jeremiah Ludlow, Jonathan Mulford, John Osborn, William
"Peirsons [Parsons], Benjamin Pettit, John Pierson, Daniel
Potter, Samuel Ross, Peter Rutan, Isaac and Ephraim
Sayre, Richard Scudder, John Simpson, Aaron Thompson,
Richard Valentine, and Peter Willcox.
These were followed soon after by Abner Bailey, Andrew
Blanchard, Jacob Brittin, James Corey, Joseph and Isaac
Crane, "William Crawford, Timothy Day, Philemon Dickin
son, Benjamin Force, Melancthon Freeman, Abraham Hen
dricks, Micah Howell, Uzal Johnson, David Lacy, Peter
Lyon, Daniel Marsh, William Maxfield, Moses Miller,
"Deacon Morehouse," "Lawyer Ogden," William Parrotr,
Andrew Prior, William Eobertson, John Eoll, Nathaniel
* Eecords of the ProBb. of N. T. Eiker's Newtown, p. SOT.

572 THE HISTORY OF
Smith, John Totten, Kennedy Vance, and Daniel Wood.
All these came within the first forty years. Many more
came up during the Bevolutionary War for a short season.
The first settlers were of the Puritan faith — religiously
educated and inclined. They could not content themselves
without a church in which to worship on the Sabbath. As
early, therefore, as the year 1737, they put up a rude structure
of logs, and presented a request to the Presbytery of East
Jersey for a minister, who sent them Mr. John Cleverly, a
graduate of Harvard College in 1715 — a son, probably, of
Lieut. John Cleverly of Braintree, Mass., (1669), and of
Boston, 1671. After his graduation, being then 20 years
old, it is quite likely that he gave himself to teaching. How
he was induced to visit the Jerseys does not appear. He is
found at West Hanover [Morristown], as early as 1735. At
the meeting of the Synod of Philadelphia, Sept. 24, 1735,
The West part of Hanover having applied to the Synod for the ordina
tion of Mr. Cleverly, the Synod do order it to be left to the Presbytery
of Philadelphia. About this time, Mr. Cleverly began to preach at Turkey,
it being quite accessible from the place of his residence at
West Hanover. It is probable that for the next two years
he supplied both congregations. At the close of these two
years, he withdrew from Turkey, and preached awhile at
Eahway ; but, his ministrations not being acceptable, he
retired to West Hanover, or Morristown, where he continued
to reside, unmarried, and in straitened circumstances, until
his decease, Dec. 31, 1776, aged 81 years. His brother
Thomas, fifteen years younger, appears to have lived with
him, but died before him, June 11, 1775. It does not appear
that Mr. Cleverly was ever ordained to the ministry.*
In the autumn of 1739, the log meeting-house gave place to
a new frame-building, more commodious and better adapted
to the wants of the increasing congregation. Application
was made, Jan. 30, 1739-40, to the Presbytery for a minister.
» Records of Now Providonoe Chh., p. 1. Eecords of Presb. Chh., pp. 119, 143. Morris-
Town Bill of Mortality, pp. 20, 28. Webster's Presb. Chh., pp. 415, 432. ,

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 573
The Presbytery of Long Island had, the year before, 1738,
been annexed to the Presbytery of East Jersey, which was
then called the Presbytery of New York. The Eev. Simon
Horton, a native of Southold, L. I., had been settled at Con
necticut Farms, in 1734. His brother, Azaeiah Hoeton,
graduated, the next year, at Yale College, in the same class
with the Eev. Aaron Burr, and the Bev. Dr. Joseph Bellamy.
He had, probably, been licensed by the Presbytery of New
York, a short time before the application of the church at
New Providence, and was directed to this new field. He
remained here less than two years, the American Correspond
ents of the Edinburgh Society for Propagating Christian
Knowledge having prevailed upon him, to become their
Missionary to the Indians on Long Island. For this purpose,
he was ordained by the Presbytery of New York, in 1741,
and labored faithfully in the work until 1752, when he ac
cepted a call to the church of South Hanover, N. J., [Bottle-
Hill, now Madison], where he died, March 27, 1777, aged 62
years.* The church of New Providence [then Turkey], was
organized about the time of Mr. Horton's leaving, the first
session consisting of Messrs. Joseph Allen, John Pierson and
Daniel Day. To these were subsequently added, previous
to 1768, Jacob and John Bedell, Samuel Eolfe, Samuel Boss,
Benjamin Bonnel, "William Johnston, William Jones, William
Caldwell, John Clark, Alexander Simpson, Thomas Osborn
and William Connet.
Another application to the Presbytery, May 19, 1742,
resulted in their obtaining the services of the Eev. Joseph
Lamb, of whose early history not much is known. He may
have been the son of John or Samuel Lamb, noticed on p.
263. He graduated at Yale College in 1717, in the class
with Moses Dickinson, the brother of Eev. Jonathan Dick
inson. He was almost immediately invited to Mattituck,
L. L, where he was ordained, Dec. 4, 1717, by the Presbyt
ery of Long Island, and where he continued nearly 25 years.
* Records of New Providence Chh., p. 1. Eecords of Presb. Cbh., pp. 184, 160. Webster's
Presb. Chh., pp. 433, 465. Prime's L. Island, pp. 104-110.

574 THE HISTORY OF
His wife died there in 1729. He continued, at " Turkey,"
"about two years," but " difficulties arising he was never
installed." May 24, 1744, he was received by the Presbytery
of New Brunswick, having accepted a call to Baskingridge,
where he died in 1749.*
August the 6th 1746 we gave Mr. Timothy Symmes a call and he was
Enstal'd with us the 16th of Ocf following, and preached alternately with
us and Springfield and was dismissed from us the 264i December in the
year 1750, for his ill conduct.
A sketch of Mr. Symmes has already been given in the
history of the Springfield church on a previous page. It was
during his ministry that the grant of a Lottery was obtained,
1748, (as stated in a former part of this history), to raise
£152. 5. 0. to build a parsonage-house " in Turkey, in Eliza
beth Town."
Jan. 15th 1752 A Vote past that we should join with the New House
at South Hanover [Madison] but they refused. April 29th 1752 A Vote
was past to purchase a personage of Samuel Johnson.
1752 Petitioned the Presb7 for a liberty to give any Minister a call that
we should hear of liberty was granted hearing Mr. Timothy Allen
was at Liberty we gave him a call he came in August.
March the 26th 1753 Mr Allen was Install'd with us our agreement with
Mr Allen was as followeth viz : the sd Mr Allen was to receive seventy
pounds p : Year for his labours in the work of his Ministree among us
which Year commenced the first Day of Nov : last, and also fifty pounds
bounty, to pay ten pounds p : Year till the whole is paid.t
It thus appears that the first pastor, whom they were able
to employ j the whole of his time, was the
REV. TIMOTHY ALLEN.
He was born in 1716, and graduated at Yale College in
1736, the year after Azariah Horton, and the year before
Timothy Johnes, afterwards of Morris Town. While in col;
lege, he came under the influence of David Ferris, a fellow-
student, from a Quaker family of New Milford, Ct., a wild
enthusiast, by whom, it has been thought, James Davenport,
* Eecords, N. P. Chh., p. 2. Prime's Long Island, pp. 142, 8. Webster's P. Chh., p. 364.
t Eocord6 of New Providence Chh., pp. 2, 3.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 575
of Southold, was led astray. A letter that Allen wrote, at
New Haven, July 1, 1734, to the Rev. Daniel Bliss of Spring
field, Mass., indicates an ardent and pious disposition,. impa
tient to be at work in the ministry, and deluded with the
idea that so much studying at College was time lost, yet con
triving to be content until God should clearty call him into
the field,— seeking opportunity, meanwhile, to do good among
the common people of the town.*
He was ordained in 1738, pastor of the church of West
Haven, Ct., and proved to be a zealous and faithful preacher
of the word. When the " Great Awakening " commenced,
he identified himself with the work, and was classed among
the New Lights, against whom all sorts of evil things were
reported. Among the things charged against Mr. Allen was,
that he had publicly said " that the word of God, as contained
in the Old and New Testament, is but as an old almanac ; "
whereas he said, and very correctly, — "The reading of the
Holy Scriptures, without the concurring influence and opera
tion of the Spirit of God, will no more convert a sinner than
reading an old almanac." Yet for this and his zeal in pro
moting the Revival, he was disowned by the New Haven
East Association, and dismissed from his pastoral charge, in
1742.f He took part in " the Shepherd's Tent " movement, — the
establishing of a new school of the prophets, which was
opened at New London, under the care of Mr. Allen, and
afterwards removed to Rhode Island. He joined, as has been
seen, with Timothy Symmes, in protesting against some of the
doctrines in Mr. Dickinson's " Display of Special Grace."
As the heat of the Revival controversies wore away, Mr.
Allen retraced his steps, and obtained the withdrawal of the
censure passed upon him by the Association. He removed
to Long Island, and received the • fellowship of the Presby
tery of Suffolk, June 14, 1748. He became a member of the
Presbytery of New Brunswick, Oct. 12, 1748, and was em
ployed as the supply of the churches of Hopewell and
* Chauncey's Seasonable Thoughts, pp. 213-5. t Tracy's Great Awakening, p. 814.

576 THE HISTORY OF
Maidenhead until 1752, when he removed to New Provi
dence.* 1756. Mr. Allen and the Congregation agreed to Petiton to the Presb7
for his dismission Josiah Broadwell Esq. and Benj. Bonnel chosen to
represent the People and we told the Presb7 that with reluctance we did
petition with him for his Dismission he being under difficult Circumstan
ces we thought it prudent to have him dismiss'd and accordingly he was
dismiss'd. Leaving New Jersey, Mr. Allen returned to New England,
and was installed at Ashford, Ct., Oct. 12, 1757. At the
age of 70, he took charge of the church of Chesterfield,
Hampshire Co., Mass., and preached June 15, 1785, at his
own installation. He retired from the pastoral work, May
1, 1794, and died, full of Christian comfort, at Chesterfield,
Jan. 12, 1806, aged ninety-one.
Several of his occasional sermons were published. " He
was a man of genius and talents, an able and zealous defend
er of the doctrines of grace from the pulpit and the press, of
strict morals, and a powerful and fervent preacher." f
May 1757 the Congregation chose Josiah Broadwell Esq' and David
Lacy to go to the Presb7 to petition for a Minister accordingly the presb7
recommended the Bevd Jonathan Elmer and accordingly we gave Mr El
more a Call and he came.
REV. JONATHAN ELMER
Was born at Norwalk, Ct., June 4, 1727, and was, doubt
less, a great-grandson of Edward Elmer, who came to Cain-
bridge, Mass., in 1672, and was one of the fonnders of
Hartford, Ct., afterwards of Northampton, Mass., and Wind
sor, Ct. He graduated at Yale College in 1747, having been
associated in study with such men as William Smith, the
historian, the Rev. Dr. T. B. Chandler, the Rev. Dr. Jere
miah Learning, President Ezra Stiles, John Morin Scott,
Gov. Oliver Wolcott, President Naphtali Daggett, and
Bishop Samuel Seabury. He was licensed by the Fairfield
* Webster's Presb. Chh., pp. 6S3-6. Trumbull's Connecticut, II, 195, 6. Tracy's Great
Awakening, p. S6S.
t Eecords of N. Prov. Chh, p. 8. Webster's Presb. Chh., p. 5S5.

•ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 577
*
East Association, May 4, 1748. He settled in the ministry,
at Florida, Orange Co., N. Y., where, in 1749, he married
Amy Gale, and where four children were born to him. He
was ordained by the Presbytery of New York, in October,
1750. He removed, and began to preach at New Provi
dence, Oct. 1st, 1757. The terms, on which he was settled,
are curious : They
Agreed to give Mr. Elmer Seventy pounds money at Eight shillings p.
oz. . for three Years from the first Day of October in the Year 1757 and
after the first three Year then to rise five pounds p. Year Until it rises to
Eighty pounds and their to stand and Likewise Mr Elmer is to have
the use of the pasnage and his firewood got for him. To which Mr
Elmer agreed — The Congregation to purchase Mr Henrys Annetasions on
the Holy Bible for Mr Elmer and Mr Elmer shall have the use of sa Books
so long as he remains our Minister but if Mr Elmer shall remove from us
then is to return sd Books or the prime Cost But if Mr Elmer shall live
and Die our Minister then the Books to be the proper Estate of his law
ful Heirs.*
The books cost £17. 1. 4, the receipt of which for the pur
chase of Mr. Henry, is duly acknowledged by Mr. Elmer.
In 1761, the salary was raised to £90. Eight years he served
as a stated supply, and then consented to " take the pas-
tural care and Charge of the Congregation so far as to come
under an Instalment." The Presbytery, viz., Rev. Messrs.
Green, Jones, Horton, Peppard, Brush, Roe, Macwhorter,
Hait, Woodruff and Chapman, met at New Providence,
Noy. 13, 1765, and installed him, Mr. Woodruff preaching
the sermon from Malachi ii. 7, and Mr. Horton presiding.
In the year 1764, the congregation were favored, in common
with neighboring churches, with a special visitation of the
Holy Spirit.
In the fall of the year in 1769 — at a publick Lecture it was voted that
the seets on the Mens side of Galleries should be rebuilt and that pews
over each stare way should be Built. (Cost, £30. 4. 10.)
In 1772, the salary of Mr. Elmer was increased to £100.
In May, 1773, it was agreed, to enlarge the meeting-house,
by an addition of 16 feet on the north side; also, that it
* Littell's Passaic Valley, pp. 148, 9. Eecords of N. P. Chh., pp. 4, 5.
37

578 THE HISTORY OF
" should be sealed with Boards over head and the sides and
ends." Resort was again had to a Lottery, in order to raise
the needful money. May 31, 1781, it was agreed
That the meeting-house be plastered both the Sides Ends and
overhead . . . that Benj" Bonnel Esqr have leave to build a Pew for the
Use of his family near the Window by the Pulpit : . . . that Mr. Caldwell
and Lawyer Ogden be allowed to build a Pew : . . . that a New Door be
made in the East side of the Meeting house and a Window in the West
side. Liberty was given, Oct. 12th, to several persons, to build
eight more pews for the use of their respective famihes, at
their private expense, the congregation agreeing to build a
pew near the East side of the pulpit, for Mr. Elmer's family.*
As Mr. Elmer advanced in years he became somewhat
corpulent, and subject to fullness of blood, resulting at times
in vertigo, and occasioning a suspicion of his being addicted
to a free use of intoxicating drinks. Complaint was made to
the Presbytery in June 1791, and request made mutually for
a thorough investigation. A meeting of the Presbytery was
held at New Providence, in August 1791, when it was found
that but a single instance of apparent intoxication was
adduced, in respect to which Mr. Elmer made a full and
frank written statement, and several witnesses were examined ;
when he was unanimously acquitted, and the congregation
were exhorted to be at peace among themselves and united
in their pastor.
The difficulties continuing, a Committee of the Presbytery
was appointed to meet the congregation in November fol
lowing, when an adjustment was made of the pecuniary
claims of Mr. Elmer ; but harmony was not brought about
in other respects. One of the grounds of complaint against
him was, that he was accustomed somewhat frequently to
absent himself on the Sabbath, without the knowledge or
consent of his people, thus leaving them without a preacher.
The congregation greatly declined, so " that frequently on a
Lord's Day, scarcely twenty persons would be assembled for
worship, in a house in which more than a hundred families
* Eecords of N. P. Chh, pp. 7-19.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 579
had been accustomed to meet." The Session were divided,
and arbitrary measures taken by Mr. Elmer, to deprive a
portion of the elders of their right to vote, which measures,
on complaint, were condemned by the Presbytery, in June
1792. The congregation were divided in respect to Mr.
Elmer's continuance, one-third urging his dismission and
two-thirds opposing it.
March 20, 1793, the Society was incorporated. Trustees
were chosen, and the parish voted to petition the Presbytery
for Mr. Elmer's dismission. At length, the Presbytery find
ing no prospect of his continuing in peace and comfort, dis
solved the pastoral relation, July 3, 1793. Mr. Elmer ap
pealed to the Synod, who, at their next meeting, Oct. 14th,
sustained the action of the Presbytery. After his dismission,
he continued to reside in the parish, and for several years
before his death was unable to preach. He died, June 5,
1807, the day after the completion of his fourscore years.
His wife survived until July 24, 1812, dying at the age
of 94. They had six children : Jonathan, Dr. Philemon,
John, Dr. Moses Gale, Sarah [wife of Abm. Morrill], and
Nathan* With the close of Mr. Elmer's ministry, terminated the
connection of New Providence with Elizabeth-Town.
The example set by Springfield was speedily followed by
the people of WESTFIELD.
Application was made to the Legislature, and an Act
passed, Jan. 27, 1794, to the effect —
That all that part of the township of Elizabeth lying within the fol-
¦ lowing lines, beginning at the line of the county of Middlesex, where the
north and west branches of Bahway river meet or form a junction ; from
thence running up the said north branch of Bahway river to the mouth of
Normahiggin branch, it being the south-east corner of the township of
Springfield ; from thence running with the line of Springfield aforesaid,
in a course of north forty nine degrees west, to the top of the mountain;
from thence on the same course to the east branch of Green Brook ;
thence' down said branch and Green Brook to the line that divides the
* Records of N. P. Chh, pp. 22, 8, 53-5. Eecords of the Presb, of N. T. Webster's Presb
Chh, p. 603. Littell's Passaic Valley, pp. 143-150.

580 THE HISTORY OF
counties of Essex and Middlesex ; thence along the line of Middlesex to
the place of beginning, (be) set off from the township of Elizabeth, and
made a separate township, to be called by the name of " the Township
of Westfield." *
It has already been stated, that the settlement of the
neighborhood, to which was early given the name of West-
field, dates back to the last year (1699-1700) of the seven
teenth century. It was the result of what was called " The
Clinker-Lot Division." Almost immediately after that divi
sion, emigration from the older parts of the town began to
set towards the interior, especially to the territory lying be
tween the Rahway river on the East, and the Mountain on
the West. It was not, however, until about 1720, that the
settlers became numerous enough to constitute a distinct
community ; and not until about 1726 or 7, that a religious
society was organized, independent of the parent stock. The
founders of the Westfield families were Joseph Acken, James
Badgley, Nathaniel and Henry Baker, John Bryant, William
and Henry Clark, Gardner Connet, James Craig, John and
Jonathan Crane, John Davis, John Denman, Isaac and Moses
Frazee, Abner Frost, Matthias Hatfield, Isaac Hendricks,
John High, Samuel Hinds [Haines], Zebulon Jennings, John
Lamb, John Lambert, Moses and John Littell, Cornelius
Ludlum [Ludlow], Jonathan and Ephraim Marsh, John Max
well, John Meeker, William and John Miller, Joseph Mills,
William, Daniel, and David Pierson, John Bobinson, John
and Daniel Ross, Ephraim and John Scudder, John Spin-
nage [Spinning], Benjamin Squier, Elijah Stites, Thomas
Terry, Warren Tucker, Richard Walker, John Williams,
Peter Willcox, John, Jonathan and Samuel Woodruff, and
Samuel Yeomans. f
Long after the neighborhood was occupied, the people
were accustomed, some of them, to come to town on the Sab
bath to hear Mr. Dickinson, and worship with their old neigh
bors. A log house was erected at an early day, where the
people assembled at beat of drum, on the Sabbath. This was
soon supplanted by a more suitable structure, which was
* Patcr;on's Laws of N. J, p. 32'J. t Hunttlng's Hist. Discourse, pp. T-9.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 581
erected near the site of the present church. A steeple was
attached, in 1758, and a bell provided.
A Presbyterian church was constituted as early as 1727.
Their first pastor was the
REV. NATHANAEL HUBBELL.
Tradition has it, that he was of English birth, and "of
qualities that greatly disappointed the simple-hearted, unsus
pecting Puritans who settled him." More probably he was
of the family of Richard Hubbell, who was at New Haven,
in 1647, whence he removed to Fairfield, Ct., was living in
, , 1690, and had at least three sons, Richard, Jr., Samuel and
Ebenezer, the last of whom removed to New London, about
1690. Nathaniel was born about 1700, graduated at Yale
College, in 1723, and was ordained, by the Presbytery of
Philadelphia, as early as 1727. His name appears on the
roll of the Synod for that year, and was attached, with the
names of three others, to a protest, in which he declined the
jurisdiction of the Synod. His field of labor included the
scattered settlements, lying back of this town and of Newark
Mountains, — Westfield and Hanover; the latter including
the greater part of what was afterwards Morris County. In
1730, he relinquished the charge of Hanover, retaining West-
field until about 1745. His dismission was brought about
by reason of his prosecuting a claim for one hundred acres
of the parsonage land, given him as " a settlement," or, as
others say, to liquidate what was due him from the parish.
They gave him, (says one of his successors), a liberal settlement, as it
was called, as they supposed he would live, labor and die among them as
a peaceable soul-loving Pastor. But they soon found him seeking theirs
so earnestly as to put an end to all anticipated comfort in him, and use
fulness from him ; and his removal was the result. He afterwards lived
(and died, I think) in a village called " Spanktown " [Leesville], beyond
Eahway. He resided in the bounds of Rahway, several years, but
removed, at length, to Lebanon, in Hunterdon co., where he
died in 1760. His Will is dated there, July 11, 1760. It
was proved, May 28, 1761. He speaks in it of his " disobe-

582 THE HISTORY OF
dient and absconded wife, Elizabeth ; " of his sons, Ahi-
jah, Hezekiah, Nathaniel, and Asa ; and of his daughters,
Lois, Esther, Mary and Susanna.*
Their second pastor was the
REV. JOHN GRANT.
He was born in the year 1716, and graduated at Yale Col
lege in 1741, in the same class with Gov. Livingston, and the
Rev. Drs. Hopkins, Buel, Sproat and Welles. He was a
member of the Synod of New York in 1746, having been, in
Sept., 1746, ordained by the Presbytery ot New York. He
had supplied the pulpit of the church at Rahway, for a brief,
period. His ministry at Westfield was highly acceptable,
and he was much beloved by his people. " He died, much
lamented, September 16, 1753, aged 37 years." f
The pulpit remained vacant several years. Their next
pastor was the
REV. BENJAMIN WOODRUFF.
He was a son of Alderman Samuel Woodruff, who was one
of the ten sons of Joseph Woodruff Jr. The latter was the
son of Joseph and the grandson of John Woodruff, one of
the original planters of this town. He was born in 1733.
His father, Samuel, was extensively engaged in merchandise
(trading to the West Indies and elsewhere abroad), and one
of the most influential citizens of the town. He was named
in the first Charter of the Borough, one of the Common
Council, was afterwards an Alderman, aud .then Mayor of
the Borough. He was, also, President of the Board of
Trustees, and an Elder of the Presb. church. His house was
the minister's home, as George Whitefield and the two
Brainerds had found it. For nine years, almost from the be
ginning, he was a Trustee of the College of New Jersey, and
there his two sons, Benjamin and Joseph, were educated,
graduating together in the class of 1753. Joseph took part
in his father's business, but Benjamin, having pursued a
* Huntting's His. Discourse, pp. 13, 14; and Ms. Letter. Edgar's Hist. Dis., p. 14. Web
ster, pp. 886-7. N. Jersey wflls, Trenton, H.
t Huntting, p. 14. Webster, p. 576. Edgar, p. 14.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 583
course of theological study, probably with his pastor, Elihu
Spencer, was in due time licensed to preach the gospel.
Having supplied the pulpit of the Westfield church awhile,
he was ordained their pastor, by the Presbytery of New
York, Mar. 14, 1759. He proved a most acceptable and ex
cellent pastor. During the forty four years of his ministry at
Westfield, he greatly endeared himself to his people, by his
preaching and pastoral intercourse.
In Feb. 1761, the session consisted of Mr. Woodruff, and
the Elders, John Woodruff, John Corey, Samuel Hinds, Zeb-
ulon Ginnings [Jennings], John Crane, and Samuel Yeo-
mans. July 3, 1766, John Meeker and Andrew Hatfield
were ordained to the Eldership ; April 7, 1769, William
Pierson, Matthias Hatfield, Joseph Acan [Acken], and John
Miller, also ; Andrew Hatfield was, at the same time, or
dained a Deacon ; and, Nov. 30, 1792, Caleb Maxfield, Jacob
Davis and Ezekiel Ross were added to the Eldership.
The most fruitful period of Mr. Woodruff's ministry was
• during the years 1785 and 1786. In the former year he
received eighty two persons, and, in the latter, thirty four,
to full communion. More than usual religious interest was
manifested in spiritual matters, during the years 1764, 1765,
and 1774. «
The society was incorporated, Jan. 16, 1788, with the fol
lowing Trustees: Thomas Woodruff, Esq., John Scudder,
Ephraim Marsh, Jesse Clark, Andrew Hatfield, Ephraim
Scudder and John Crane.
Very soon after his settlement, Mr. Woodruff was deprived,
of Mary, the wife of his youth. She died, March 6th, 1762,
aged 27 years. They were married in 1758, and their
daughter, Mary, died, Sept. 14, 1782, aged 23 years. In the
spring of the following year, he married. Elizabeth, the
daughter of Capt. William Bryant, and sister of Mrs. William
Peartree Smith, who resided nearly opposite his father's
hotise. The children of the second marriage were five ;
William Bryant (bap., March 21, 1764); Elizabeth (bap.,
July 12, 1766) ; Bryant (bap., Nov. 4, 1767) ; Charlotte Bry
ant (bap., Sep. 3, 1769) ; and William (bap., Sep. 15, 1771).

584 THE HISTORY OF
Mrs. Woodruff survived her husband, and died, March 17,
1805, at New York.
Mr. Woodruff is described as " small in person, dignified
and precise in his manners, social in his habits, scrupulously
exact and fastidious in his dress, . . . with small-clothes, silk
hose, buckles, cock-hat, and ruffles, every where the same,
and always commanding profound respect."
His death was entirely unexpected. He preached on
the Sabbath, with his usual freedom and force, and, on
the morning of the following Sabbath, he had ended his
course. On tho occasion of his funeral, -April 4th, 1803,
the Rev. Dr. McWhorter of Newark, preached, to a deeply
afflicted people, from 1 Cor. xv : 56, after which the body
was buried under the aisle of the church in front of the
pulpit, and over it was placed a marble slab, with the
following inscription :
SACEED TO THE MEMORY | OF THE EEV. BENJAMIN WOOD
RUFF, A. M., | WHO DEPARTED THIS LLFE | APRIL 3, 1803, AGED
70 YEARS.
The dust lies here | OF A VENERABLE MAN;— formed from early
youth | in learning human and divine : | passed his collegiate studies with
reputation, | soon entered the holt ministry — WAS SETTLED NEAR
FORTY YEARS | Pastokof this Chtojoh.
AN EXCELLENT PREACHER, | zealous, pathetic, prudent and suc
cessful; | in controversy, moderate and calm; | among ministers, hus
bands, fathers, brothers, friends, | FEW HIS EQUALS. | Piety, hospital
ity, FBIENDSHIP, | HUMILITY, BENEVOLENCE AND MODESTY, | FORMED HIS
CHARACTER. His voice it cries, My people quickly come •
To Jesus, your eternal rest and home.*
In the extreme west of the township of Westfield, as now
bounded, a considerable number of Scotch immigrants found
a pleasant home on the eastern border of Green Brook, as
early as 1684-5, to which they gave the name of " Scotch
Plains" Owing to their remoteness from the village on the
¦Creek, and their location on the waters of the Raritan, they
had more to do with Piscataway than with the town in which
they were included. They resorted thither for the public
• Huntting's Hist. Disoourse, pp. 14-15. Edgar, pp. 14-16.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 585
worship of God on the Sabbath ; and, as a Baptist church
had been organized there as early as 1689, they in time
mostly became attached to that denomination. A Baptist
church was organized at the Plains in 1747, of which the
first pastor was the
REV. BENJAMIN MILLER.
He was a native of Scotch Plains, where he was born in
1717, and in his youth was much addicted to revelry. He
was converted from the error of his ways, in connection with
a sermon preached by the Rev. Gilbert Tennent, by whom
he was encouraged to enter the ministry. He was ordained
in 1748, and continued the faithful and honored pastor of the
Baptist church, until his decease, on Wednesday Nov. 14,
1781, in his 65th year. At his funeral, the sermon was
preached by the Rev; John Gano, of N. Y., who said,
" Never did I esteem a ministering brother so much as I did
Mr. Miller, nor feel so sensibly a like bereavement." In the
early part of his ministry, Mr. Miller used to preach fre
quently in New York, and from 1753 to 1762, regularly ad
ministered the Lord's Supper to those of his flock who lived
in the city. The first Baptist church of New York was an
offshoot from the church of Scotch Plains, and was organized
by Mr. Miller and Mr. Gano, June 19, 1762. His widow,
Joanna, died in Sept. 1796, ast. 96. She was nearly 17 years
older than her husband.
Their second pastor was the
REV. WILLIAM VAN HORN.
He was the son of Peter Van Horn, was born in 1746, edu
cated at Dr. Jones' Academy, Pennepek, and was ordained
at Southampton, Pa., where he continued thirteen years,
serving as chaplain in the army during the War. In 1785,
he became the pastor of the church of Scotch Plains, remain
ing in this relation until 1807, when he resigned, and re
moved with his wife and seven children to the West, design
ing to settle near Lebanon, Ohio. He died of dropsy, on the
way, at Pittsburgh, Pa., Oct. 31, 1807.*
* Sprague's Annals, VI. 64, 4T0. Benedict's Hist, of Baptists, pp. 575, 6S5-6.

586 THE HISTORY OF
The loss of territory was followed, in the fall of 1794, by
the loss of one of the most valued citizens of the town, the
HON. ABRAHAM CLARK.
His grandfather, Thomas, -was the son of Richard Clark
(who emigrated to this town as early as 1678), and resided
on the upper or western road, about mid-way between Eliza
beth Town village and Rahway, about half a mile north, by
west, of the Wheatsheaf tavern. He had at least three sons
and one daughter : Thomas, born, 1701 ; Abraham, born,
1703; James, of Connecticut Farms ; and Mrs. Day. Capt.
Abraham Clark, commander of the troop, resided directly
west of his eldest brother, Thomas, and outlived him but 15
days. The youngest brother, and the sister lived to a great
age. Thomas, the eldest, was named, in the first Charter of
the borough, one of the Aldermen. His grandson, Dr.
Abraham Clark, says he was,
Judge, and, I believe, keeper of the King's arms, as many muskets, and
cartouche boxes with tho letters, " Q. R.," on their covers, remained in
the house until used by our patriots.
He died, as noticed on a previous page, Sept. 11, 1765,
and was buried without pomp or profuseness of expense, as
had, until then, been so common.
Abraham was his only son, and was born, at the home
stead, February 15, 1726. His nearest neighbors were, his
uncle Abraham on the west ; Lewis Mulford, a strict Puritan,
on the north ; Capt. Jonathan " Hampton, an Episcopalian,
a member of the Colonial Assembly, who lived in the hand
some style of a gentleman of the old school," on the east;
and "a noble farmer — Ephraim Terrill, another Captain of
troopers, an Episcopalian, a man of strong mind and social
qualities," on the south.
Having received a good education for the times, Mr. Clark
entered into business as a surveyor and conveyancer. He
made himself familiar with the common points of law, and
was ever ready to aid his neighbors with legal advice
gratuitously ; and so obtained the name of " The Poor Man's
Counsellor." He held the office of High Sheriff of Essex

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. , 587
Co., in 1767, and of Clerk to the Colonial Assembly ; he was
a member of the Committee of Safety in Dec. 1774, and sub
sequently their secretary ; he was chosen to the Provincial
Congress, in September, 1775, and was elected by them, June
' 22, 1776, one of the Delegates from New Jersey to the Con
tinental Congress, in which capacity he had the honor of
affixing his name to the Declaration of Independence.
He was rechosen to Congress, in 1776, and in 1777, serving
until April 3, 1778 : again in 1780, 1781, 1782, 1786, 1787 &
1788. He was appointed to the first Constitutional Conven
tion at Annapolis, in 1786 ; and again, in 1787, but did not
attend the latter, on account of ill health. He was chosen,
by the people, under the new Constitution, to the second and
third Congresses, and died before the completion of his last
term. During his long public career, he proved himself the
incorruptible patriot, an active and judicious legislator, a
prudent counselor, and a true friend of the people.
His death was occasioned by a coup de soleil, a stroke of
the sun, which he survived but two hours. Great respect
was shown for his memory on the occasion of his funeral.
His remains were deposited in the burying-ground of the
Presbyterian church of Rahway. A stone, with the follow
ing inscription, marked the spot :
In memory of Abeaham Clark, Esq., who died Sept. 15th, 1794, in
the 69th year of his age. | Firm and decided as a patriot, | Zealous and
faithful as a friend to the public, ) He loved his country, | And adhered
to her cause, | In the darkest hours of her struggles | Against oppression.
The N. J. Journal, of the following week, says, " he was
uniform and consistent, adorning that religion that he had
early made a profession of, by acts of charity and benevo
lence." It was also said of him, that " in private life he was re
served and contemplative. Limited in his circumstances,
moderate in his desires, and unambitious of wealth, he was
far from being parsimonious in his private concerns, although
a rigid economist in public affairs."
He had long been a member of the First Presbyterian
church of this town, and was one of its Trustees from 1786

588 THE HISTORY OF
to 1790. " His person was of the common height, his form
slender, his eye-brows heavy." He is also characterized, as
having been " very temperate."
He married, about the year 1749, Sarah, the eldest daugh
ter of Isaac Hatfield, sister of Elder Isaac Hatfield, and the
first cousin of Mrs. Robert Ogden, the mother of Gen. Mat
thias and Gov. Aaron, Ogden. She was born in 1728, sur
vived her husband nearly ten years, and died June 2, 1804.
They had ten children.
Another serious loss was sustained by the town, in the fall
of the following year, 1795, by the removal to Philadelphia
of the HON. ELIAS BOUDINOT, LL.D.
His father, grandfather, and great-grandfather all bore the
name of Elias. The latter was an emigrant from France,
and came to America in 1686, shortly after the Revocation
of the Edict of Nantz. He was born at Philadelphia, Ap.
21 (O. S.) 1740. Having studied law with his brother-in-
law, Richard Stockton, Esq., at Princeton, he was licensed,
November, 1760, and commenced the practice of law in this
town. He married, Ap. 21, 1762, Hannah, a sister of Rich
ard Stockton. He resided, first in a smaller and then in a
larger house on Jersey st., both of which he bought of Al
derman Samuel Woodruff or his heirs,— in the latter of
which Mr. W. lived until his decease. He attached himself
to the Presbyterian church, and was chosen, at the age of
25, President of the Board of Trustees.
At the commencement of hostilities with Great Britain, he
devoted himself heartily to the cause of his country. After
serving on the staff of Gen. Livingston, he was appointed,
June 6, 1777, by Congress, Commissary General of prisoners,
in which capacity he served until the summer of 1778, when,
having been appointed to represent his State in Congress, he
took his seat, July 7th, retiring at the expiration of the year.
He was reappointed, Nov. 2, 1781, and again, Oct. 30, 1782.
He was chosen President of Congress, Nov. 4, 1782, and,
when the Treaty of Peace with Great Britain was ratified,

, ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. _ 589
April 15, 1783, he had the honor of affixing to it his signa
ture. He was again called to serve his country, in the Congress
of the United States . under the Constitution, having been
elected to the first, second, and third Congresses. At the
expiration of his third term of service, he was appointed,
Nov. 1, 1795, to succeed Henry Wm. De Saussure, as Super
intendent of the U. S. Mint at Philadelphia, to which place
he then removed. As a testimony of his kind feelings
towards his former townsmen, he forwarded, as a gift, to
the Trustees of the First Presbyterian church a pair of cut-
glass chandeliers, and, in the accompanying letter, said, of
the church : —
The many happy hours I have spent there, make the remembrance of
having been one of their Society, among the substantial pleasures of my
life. From the Trustees of Yale College he received, in 1790,
the well-deserved compliment of the honorary degree of
Doctor of Laws. In 1805, he retired from public life, and
located himself at Burlington, N. J., where, on the 28th of
October, 1808, Mrs. Boudinot was seized with apoplexy, and
departed this life in the 73d year of her a"ge. His eldest
daughter, Susan Vergereau, (born, Dec. 21, 1764), had been
married, in 1784, to William Bradford, Esq., Attorney-
General of Pennsylvania, and, subsequently, of the United
States. She was left a widow, Aug. 23, 1795, and became,
after her mother's decease, her father's housekeeper, till his
death, Oct. 24, 1821, in the 82d year of his age. She sur
vived her father, and died, Nov. 30, 1854. His only other
child, Anna Maria, was born, April 11, 1772, and died,
Sept. 3, 1774.
Mr. Boudinot, after his retirement, devoted himself to a
life of Christian beneficence. In 1772, he was chosen a'
Trustee of the College of New Jersey, in which office he con
tinued until his death, founding in 1805, at an expense of
$3000, the Cabinet, of Natural History. In 1812, he became
a Corporate Member of the American Board of Commission
ers for Foreign Missions ; and, in 1816, the first President of

590 THE HISTORY OF
the American Bible Society, contributing to its funds $10,000,
and aiding, also, in the erection of the first Bible House. In
his will, having made ample provision for his daughter dur
ing her life-time, he bestowed his large estate on various In
stitutions connected with the Church, and the cause of edu
cation. He wrote and published, 1790, " The Age of Revelation,
or the Age of Reason shown to be an Age of Infidelity ; "
1793, a 4th of July Oration, delivered at Elizabeth Town,
before the N. J. Society of the Cincinnati ; 1806, " The Life
of the Rev. William Tennent ; " 1811, an Address delivered
before the New Jersey Bible Society ; 1815, " Second Ad
vent of the Messiah ; " 1816, " A Star in the West, or an
humble attempt to discern the lost ten tribes of Israel ; " —
still bringing forth fruit in old age. His monument at Bur
lington bears this inscription : —
Here lies the remains of the Honorable Elias Boudinot, LL. D. Born
on the 2d day of May, A. D. 1740. He died on the 24th day of Oct., A. D.
1821. His life was an exhibition of fervent piety, of useful talent, and of
extensive benevolence. His death was the triumph of Christian faith,
the consummation of hope, the dawn and the pledge of endless felicity.
To those who knew him not, no words can paint ;
And those who knew him, know all words are faint.
Mark the perfect man, and behold the upright, for the end of that man

* Alden's Epitaphs, 1. 101-5.. Allen's Biog. Diet Murray's Notes, pp. 85, 110-13. Trus
tees' Book of B. T. CHi. H. J. Eev. Correspondence, pp. 346-7. Barber's N. Jersey, p. 89.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 591

CHAPTER XXVII.
A. D. 1782-1804.
Ecclesiastical — Rev. J. F. Armstrong — Rebuilding of Presb. Chh. — Revival
— Rev. Wm. Linn — Lottery for finishing the Chh. — Rev. David Austin —
Birth — Education — Settlement — Chh. completed — Monthly Magazine —
American Preacher — Prophetic Investigations — Sermon on the Downfall of
Babylon — Great Excitement — Day set for Christ's Coming — Mr. Austin dis
missed — Anti Sabbath-Profanation Meeting — Rev. John Giles — Mr. Aus
tin returns — Rev. Henry Kollock — Mr. Austin's Second Return — Stated
Supply — Separate Worship — Returns to Connecticut — Subsequent History
— His Death and Character.
Aftee the decease, of the Rev. Mr. Caldwell, the Presbyte
rian church was left, for many months, without a pastor, or
stated supply. Abraham Clark wrote from Philadelphia,
Jan. 16, 1782, to Capt. Benjamin Winans, of this town, —
I suppose by this time that the murderer of Mr. Caldwell has been
tried and received his doom : but that will not restore our loss which will
be long felt in Elizabeth-Town. I hope you will not be in a hurry to get
another, for few can be found fit to succeed him that is gone. I have one
or two in my mind that might answer, but I think that they could not
be got till the end of the war, as they are chaplains of the army.*
It is probable, that Mr. Clark had reference, among others,
to the REV. JAMES FRANCIS ARMSTRONG,
who took charge of the congregation, in June 1782. He was
the son of Francis Armstrong, of West Nottingham, Md.,
where he was born, April 3d, 1750. His father, being an
elder in the Presbyterian church, trained him in the way of
godliness. He was prepared for college, chiefly under the
* Proceedings of N. J. Hist. Soe, III. 86.

592

THE HISTORY OF

instruction of the Rev. John Blair, at Fagg's Manor [New-
Londonderry], Pa., and entered the junior class of the Col
lege of New Jersey in the autumn of 1771. Two of his class
mates, Aaron Ogden, and Belche* Peartree Smith, were of
this town. He graduated in 1773, and pursued a course of
theological study with President Witherspoon, with whom he
had resided while in college. He was licensed to preach, in
January, 1777, by the Presbytery of Newcastle, by whom,
also, he was ordained, January 14, 1778, at Pequea, having
received and accepted an appointment as Chaplain of the ¦¦
Second Brigade [Sullivan's] of Maryland forces. His com
mission was dated, July 17, 1778. He spent the next three
years in the service, mostly at the South.
Returning to the North, he was invited to supply the pul
pit of the church here, the people then worshiping in the
old red store house, near Mayor John De Hart's, on the
west side of the Creek. He began his ministerial work here
in June, 1782, and was married, Aug. 22, by Dr. Wither
spoon, to Miss Susannah, daughter of Robert James Living
ston, deceased, with whom he had become acquainted while
at Princeton, whither her widowed mother had resorted for
the education of her sons, William Smith, Peter R., and
Maturin. Mrs. Livingston was the daughter of William
Smith, the historian of New York.
At the expiration of less than a year, during which he had
been charged with the direction of the grammar school,
taught by his classmate, Lewis F. Wilson, his services were
terminated by a severe affection of the measles, aggravated
by his exposures in the army. Two or three years after
wards, having recovered his health, he became and continued,
until Jan. 19, 1816, when he died, the useful and honored
pastor of the First Presbyterian church of Trenton, N. J.,
his wife surviving him until Feb. 13, 1851. They had six
children.* Mr. Armstrong's labors closed at the end of April, 1784,
after which, for eighteen months, the pulpit was supplied
i * Life of Eev. Dr. E. Finley, pp. 197-208. N. J. Journal, No. 191. Murray's Notes, p. 109.
Holgato's Am. Genealogy. Spraguo's Annals, III. 889-91. Hall's Presb. Chi. of Trenton, pp.
295-876.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 593

mostly by the Presbytery of New York. In the meantime,
measures were taken for the rebuilding of their house of
worship. The first movement towards it, was probably the
following :
July 11, 1784. The Congregation Voted that the Trustees should
Mortgage the parsonage Land Against Mr Jelf's for as Much Money as
they can get upon it to be laid out for Building the Presbyterian Church
in Eliz"1 Town.
The Trustees, at this time, were Isaac Woodruff, Lewis
Mulford, Isaac Arnett, Jonathan Price, and David Ogden.
The work was immediately undertaken, and prosecuted with
diligence. In May, 1785, a meeting of the congregation was
held, at which it was agreed, that four pews just in front of
the pulpit, four next the door, and four pews in the galleries,
were to be free for ever for the congregation ; one square
pew, at the side of the pulpit to be for the minister's family, and
the square pew on the other side for strangers, and three side
pews near the door for Negroes.
The building was so far finished in the autumn of 1785, as
to allow of occasional occupation by the congregation, as
appears from the following record in the Journal of Bishop
Asbury : —
Wednesday, [Sept.] 6, [1785.] After preaching, this morning, I left
the city, overstaying the hour, the stage left us, and we found ourselves-
under the necessity of walking six miles ; I dined with Mr. Ogden, and
preached in Elizabethtown, in the unfinished church belonging to the
Iresbyterians. He repeated the visit a year later, Tuesday, Sept. 20, 178B,
and " at seven o'clock preached and had much liberty." '*
The church was dedicated, though in an unfinished state,
about the 1st of January 1786, the sermon having been
preached by the Rev. Dr. McWhorter, of Newark. During
the whole period, from the time of commencing the work of
erecting the church, the congregation were visited with a
special outpouring of the Spirit of God. It prevailed mostly
in 1785, and extended into the remote parts of the town, the-
parish of Westfield, as already seen, being wonderfully fav-
* Asbury's Journals, I., 388. II. 8.
38

594 THE HISTORY OF
ored during that and the following year. It was promoted
considerably by the faithful preaching of the Rev. Uzal Og
den, every other Sabbath, in St. John's church.
It is quite probable, that the revival in this town resulted
from a remarkable outpouring of the Spirit of God upon the
people of Newark, in 1784, by which a hundred souls were
added to the church. By whatever agencies the work was
commenced in this town, it proved a rich blessing. Says
Dr. McDowell, —
This revival continued about two years; and time has abundantly
proved, that it was a genuine and glorious work of God. A number of
the subjects are still [1832] living, and are truly fathers and mothers in
Israel. Nearly all the session, and almost half the members of the
church, when the writer settled here, were the fruits of this revival ; and
he has had an opportunity of knowing them by their fruits ; he has been
with many of them when about to pass over Jordan, and from their
triumphant death as well as exemplary life, he can testify to the genuine
ness of the work.*
Early in the year 1786, an invitation was given to the
REV. WILLIAM ADOLPHUS LINN,
to supply the pulpit, and the invitation was accepted. He
was the grandson of William Linn, an emigrant from L-eland,
and was born in Adams County, not far from Shippensburgh,
Pa., in the year 1752, of Presbyterian parents. He graduated
at the College of New Jersey, in 1772, being a classmate of
Aaron Burr. He was licensed, in 1775, by the Presbytery
of Donnegal, and ordained in 1776 by the First Presbytery
of Philadelphia, to serve as a chaplain in the army. He
married, as early as 1776, Rebecca, the daughter of the Rev.
'John Blair, of Fogg's Manor, for whom his eldest son was
named John Blair Linn. During the war, while serving as
a chaplain in the army, he became quite distinguished for
his eloquence. After the war he took charge of an Academy
in Somerset Co., Md., within the bounds of the Presbytery
of Lewes, of which he became a member.
" The terms, on which he was invited" to become the
* Stearns' Newark, pp 211-3. Spraguo's Loot on Revivals, pp. 2S4, 874.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 595
pastor of the church in this town, were, — " Three hundred
Pounds New York Currency pr Annum, a dwelling House
[to be rented by the Trustees] and the use of the parsonage
[land]." He became a member of the Presbytery of New York,
May 2, 1786, being " received with pleasure." He was in
stalled on Wednesday, June 14 ; the sermon was preached
by the Rev. Dr. McWhorter, of Newark, from Acts xx : 24 ;
the Rev. Dr. Johnes, of Morris-Town, presided, and the Rev.
Dr. Rodgers, of N. York, gave the charge.
Mr. Linn's ministry gave promise of great usefulness, and
was highly valued by his people. But his reputation as an
. excellent preacher soon spread, and drew to him the regards
of the Collegiate R. D. Church of New York, who were
desirous to obtain a .colleague for the Rev. Dr. Livingston.
They extended him a call within four months of bis settle
ment here, and, without much hesitation or delay, it was
accepted, greatly to the grief, and not a little to the indigna
tion, of both the people and the Presbytery.
Mr. Linn having been dismissed, supplies for the next six
months were appointed for the E. Town Church. Honored
the following year, by the College of New York, with the
honorary degree of D. D., Dr. Linn commanded in an
eminent manner the respect and admiration of the city of
New York, where he continued to labor in the ministry,
until, compelled by declining health, he resigned his charge,
in January 1S05, and removed to the city of Albany, where
he died in January, 1808, aged 55. His only publications
were several occasional discourses, and a volume of sermons.* '
"Very soon after Mr. Linn began to preach here, the grant
of a Lottery was obtained from the Legislature " towards
finishing a building erected by the Presbyterian congregation
in Elizabeth Town." The scheme was advertised at length,
in the New York Gazetteer, June 16, 1786. • Isaac Woodruff,
Jonathan Dayton, and Aaron Lane were appointed Managers.
* Trustees' Book. Eecords of the Presb. of N. T., II. 127-130. Spraguo's Annals, IV. 210.
Allen's Am. Biog. Diet. Murray's Notes, p. 113. Memoir of Eev. Dr. Livingston, pp. 293.
OTO-8. Records o£ Presb. Chb., pp. 462, 472.

596 THE HISTORY OF
At the settlement of their accounts, in 1789, each Manager
was allowed $200 for his services, and $1,365 were paid into
the Treasury of the church.*
Having failed in an effort to secure the Rev. Mr. Snod
grass, [father of Rev. Dr. Snodgrass] in the spring of 1787,
the church applied to the Presbytery in October, and ob
tained supplies for their pulpit for the next six months. At
the meeting of the Presbytery, at Elizabeth Town, May 7,
1788,— A Committee from the congregation of Elizabeth Town informed the
Bresbytery that Mr. David Austin a Candidate for the ministry belonging
to the association of New Haven had been preaching among them much
to their satisfaction and that they requested leave of the presbytery to
draw up and present a call for him. The presbytery having taken their
request into consideration ; and being folly satisfied with the certificates
which Mr. Austin produced of his licensure, unanimously agreed to grant
the request of the committee.
(The same day,) a call was brought into presbytery from the congrega
tion of Elizabeth Town for Mr. David Austin in order to be delivered to
him for his acceptance, which call the presbytery put into the hands of
Mr. Austin for his consideration.t KEV. DAVID AUSTIN.
He was a native of New Haven, Ct., and a descendant of
John Austin, who married, Nov. 5, 1667, Mercy, daughter
of Joshua Atwater, and died in 1690. He was born, 1760,
and was the eldest son of David Austin, a merchant, highly
respectable, and prosperous in business, holding, for a time,
the position of Collector of the Customs. The youngest
daughter, Mary, who resided with her brother in this town,
and was here converted, became the wife of the Rev. Prof.
Andrew Yates, D. D., of Schenectady, N. Y., and died at
East Hartford, Ct., Oct. 31, 18064
Born of pious parents, he was trained in the nurture of the
Lord from his childhood. He graduated at Yale Colleo-e in
1779, having been associated in study with such men as Joel
Barlow, Josiah Meigs, Zephaniah Swift, Noah Webster, Oliver
* N. V. Gazetteer, II. 56. Trustees' Book.
t Eecords of the Presb. of N. T., II. 169-100.
X Savage's Blog. Diot Assembly's Mag., III. 193-200.

FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, ELIZABETH, IN 1840.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 597
Wolcott, Elizur Goodrich and Roger Griswold. His theo
logical studies were pursued under the direction of the Rev.
Dr. Joseph Bellamy, at Bethlem, Ct. He was licensed at
North Guilford, in May, 1780, by the New Haven East As
sociation. Young as he was, he preached to great accept
ance, and was earnestly solicited to settle in the ministry.
But he declined these proposals, and went abroad, at the
close of the war. Having spent some time" in foreign coun
tries, he returned to America, and, for a while, supplied the
pulpit of the Chelsea [Second] Congregational church, Nor
wich, Ct., where he became acquainted with the family of
Dr. Joshua Lathrop, whose daughter, Lydia, he married
shortly after.*
The N. J. Journal of Wednesday, Sept. 10th, 1788, says-
Yesterday, in a crowded and solemn assembly, the Eev. David Austin
was ordained Pastor of the Presbyterian Church in this town. The Eev.
Mr. Koe preached the sermon [from G-al. I. 10], Dr. Rogers, who presided,
gave the charge to the minister, and Dr. McWhorter to the people. The
exercises were conducted with much solemnity and decorum.t
The house, in which these services were performed, was in
a very unfinished condition — scarcely more than a mere
shell. The beautiful spire, so conspicuous a landmark for
more than seventy years, had not yet been erected. At a
meeting of the Trustees of the Congregation, Feb. 23, 1789,
it was voted, —
That the Church should be Plaistered as soon in the Spring as might
be convenient, and that Ezekiel Woodruff, Junr do Immediately go about
procuring wood & shells for the Purpose of Burning Lime for the Use of
sd Church, and be allowed a reasonable sum for his Service for Collecting
Materials for the Plaistering of sd Church. J
The work was now prosecuted to completion. Mr. Austin
took hold of it with great energy, secured the erection of its
graceful spire, and obtained subscriptions for the purchase
of a bell. He took a deep interest, also, in the cause of edu
cation, and in the promotion of every thing connected with
* Contrib. to the Er.c. His. of Ct, p. 325. Miss Caulkins' Norwich, p. 435.
i Eeeords of Presb. ofN.T., II. 169-170, 1T2, 174. N. J. Journal.No. 250.
% Trustees' Book.;

&

598 ' THE HISTORY OF
the public welfare. One of the first literary enterprises in
which he embarked was the publication, bi-monthly, of a
magazine, entitled —
The Christian's, Scholar's, and Farmer's Magazine, Calculated, in an
eminent degree, To promote Eeligion, to disseminate useful Knowledge,
to afford literary Pleasure and Amusement, and To advance the Interests
of Agriculture. By a Number of Gentlemen.
The first No. was for " April and May, 1789." It was
" printed at E. Town, by Shepard Rollock, one of the Pro
prietors." It was conducted with more than ordinary ability.
Its articles were mostly brief, instructive, entertaining, in
good style and taste, and well adapted to interest and profit
the reader. At the close of the first year, it was spoken of
as a success, and was continued through the second year.
Mr. Kollock, about this time, was induced to enter largely
into the publishing business, and the character of the works
issued from his press would indicate that his pastor exerted
a powerful and healthful influence over. him, at least in the
matter of suggestion. Among these were "Sermons to
children," — ¦" Edwards' Narrative of the Surprising Work of
God, 1735," — " Chapman on Baptism," — " Dr. Watts'
Psalms," — "Dickinson's Five Points," — and similar works.
Mr. Austin began, in 1790, the publication, by subscription,
of "The American Preacher," a serial, containing some of
the choicest discourses of living American divines, without
respect to denomination. The first two volumes were issued
Jan. 1, 1791, the 3d volume, Aug. 1791, and the 4th volume,
in 1793. Other gentlemen were associated with him in the
enterprise, but it was his work almost wholly — begun and
carried forward by him.
As early as Jan. 1, 1791, when the first two volumes made
their appearance, Mr. Austin had begun to take an interest
in prophetic studies. Nor was he singular in this respect.
Everywhere, under the inspiration of the wonderful move
ments of Divine Providence, men were studying the prophe
cies and applying them to the remarkable events of the
period in which they lived. The pulpit resounded with
earnest utterances, on the downfall of Babylon, and the

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 599
speedy coming of the Millennial Reign of Christ and his
Saints. The press was continually sending forth treatises,
small and great, on the same fruitful, and, to many, fascinat
ing theme. In pursuing the study of these sublime and
mysterious oracles, Mr. Austin was but gracefully yielding
to the current that- was sweeping everything before it. With
his excitable temperament, his irrepressible activity, and his
glowing imagination, it would have been strange, if he had
escaped the contagion of the day — if he had not entered upon
the study of the sacred prophets with his whole heart.
The rapid march of events in the old world, resulting in
such mighty revolutions, both in Church and State, during
the next two or three years, was interpreted by Mr. Austin
and others, both in Europe and America, as indicative of the
near approach of " the time of the end." In the spring of
1793, he preached a remarkable discourse, first to his own
church, and then, on the evening of the Lord's Day, April
7th, at New York, that produced a profound sensation. This
discourse, " delivered from short notes," he afterwards wrote
out, amplified, and illustrated with numerous citations. It
was printed by Mr. Kollock, and made its appearance, May
1, 1794, with this title :—
The Downfall of Mystical Babylon ; or, A Key to the Providence of
God, in the Political Operations of 1793-4.
In connection with this sermon, he republished the Rev.
Dr. Bellamy's Discourse on the Millennium, and President
Edwards' " Humble Attempt to promote explicit Agreement
and visible Union of God's People in extraordinary Prayer
for the Revival of Religion," &c. The whole formed an
octavo volume of 426 pages, with this title : —
The Millennium : or, The Thousand Years of Prosperity, promised to
the Church of God, in the Old Testament and in the New, shortly to
commence, and to be carried on to Perfection, under the Auspices of Him,
who, in the Vision, was presented to St. John.
Mr. Austin's Discourse was, at the time, deemed sound
and scriptural. The method of interpretation and the style
of argument differed not at all from what was then almost

600 THE HISTORY OF
universally accepted. Adopting the fanciful theory, that
days of prophecy are years of providence, and that the thou
sand years of the 20th chapter of the Apocalypse are yet
entirely in the future, he persuaded himself and the most of
his admiring hearers, that the latter-day glory of the church
had already dawned, and that the Redeemer of mankind
would soon return to the earth to take possession of the king
dom, and reign, personally and visibly, in peerless glory, over
all mankind.
This was becoming, more and more, from day to day, the
absorbing topic of his thought, remark and effort. It is said,
that this tendency was aggravated by a violent visitation of
scarlet fever, in the year 1795, seriously affecting the balance
of his mind. After his recovery, all his thoughts, his talk,
and his preaching, seemed to run in this channel. He be
came perfectly convinced, that he had ascertained the precise
day of the advent of the Lord Jesus Christ. He delivered
a series of discourses on the sixtieth chapter of Isaiah, with
wonderful animation, and in language of surpassing elo
quence. The congregation were deeply moved — some not
knowing what to believe, a few utterly unbelieving, but the
greater part carried away with the holy fervor of their be
loved pastor. The excitement spread through all the region
round about. The church was crowded, Sabbath after Sab
bath, by the eager multitude.
At length on the second Sabbath of May (8th), 1796, Mr.
Austin announced, that the Lord would surely come on the
ensuing Lord's Day, the 15th. Of course, a prodigious excite
ment followed this announcement. In the midst of the ferment,
Mr. Austin made all his arrangements to receive his adorable
Lord in a becoming manner. Several young females were
selected, for whom white raiment was prepared, that they
might attend upon, the Lord at his coining. Much of the
time during the week was occupied with religious exercises.
On the evening of Saturday} the 14th, a crowded and deeply
agitated meeting was held in the Methodist church. Mr.
Austin dwelt particularly on the example of the men of
Nineveh, who repented at the preaching of Jonah, and

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 601
urged . immediate repentance on all his hearers. The effect
was overwhelming.
The long-expected, dreaded, wished-for, day arrived — a
bright, beautiful, spring-like day, of freshest verdure, of
sweetest flowers. The church was thronged — the eager mul
titude more than filled it. The church-going bell tolled long,
but the heavens gave no sign. Mr. Austin, after long and
wearisome waiting, took the desk, and preached, taking for
his text, — " My lord delayeth his coming." It is reported,
that, in the course of the day, the clouds gathered, and low
mutterings of thunder were heard, adding intensity to the
frenzy that ruled the hour. A New York evening paper, on
the Friday following. (20th), thus noticed the occurrence : —
On Sunday before last, an Enthusiastic Preacher in a neighboring
town predicted the millenium would come that day week. Numbers
of his weaker parishioners were frighted half to death, and came out of
church wringing their hands and wiping their eyes, uttering the most
howling lamentations. The news reached this city, that the world was
coming to an end last Sunday, to the great terror of old women. The
day however came — the sun rose as usual — and all went on well, till
evening came to the unspeakable joy of the poor frightened dupes of a
fanatic Preacher.*
A slight error in the computation of dates had been made
— so it was suggested — and some were satisfied. But the
congregation was distracted — the more substantial portion
were disaffected and deeply grieved. Yet they bore with
him, and bore long, for they greatly loved him. They re
monstrated with him in private. His brethren in the min
istry, also, sought to turn his attention to other themes. But
all in vain. The delusion had taken full possession of his
noble soul, to the exclusion of almost every other thought.
He took the vow of a Nazarite, and gave himself up to, the
work of announcing his Lord's coming. His labors were
incessant. Often he preached thrice a day — and went every
where, through all the neighborhood, calling upon men to
repent. Crowds resorted to hear him, and many souls were
hopefully converted to God. Such of the church and session
* The Minerva and Mercantile Eve'g Advertiser, No. S37

602 THE HISTORY OF
as opposed him were charged with the guilt of ITzzah. He
claimed to be the forerunner of the new, as John the Baptist
was of the old, dispensation — " called of God as was Aaron."
At length, the first week of April, 1797, a meeting of the
congregation was held in the church, and a Committee
appointed to wait on Mr. Austin. In his answer to the
Committee, April 7th, he declared that it was his " fixed
and unalterable determination, ... to institute a new church
& to set up a new order of things in Ecclesiastical con
cerns, independent of presbytery, of the Synod, or of the
General Assembly." He professed to have received an
extraordinary and direct Call from God to engage in the
work. The congregation met, April 19th, and determined to
apply to the Presbytery for a dissolution of the pastoral
relation, Messrs. Jeremiah Ballard, Benjamin Corey and
Shepard Kollock, being appointed to make the application.
The Presbytery met, May 3d, at New York, received the
application, and the next day called upon Mr. Austin to
know if he concurred in it. Whereupon he renounced their
jurisdiction and withdrew ; and the Presbytery, after due
deliberation, granted the application, and put on record their
sense of the whole matter. Supplies were appointed, the
same day, for the pulpit until the middle of October follow
ing, chiefly of the neighborhood, including the city pastors.*
However necessary his removal was, a large party in the
church were greatly grieved by it, and still adhered to their
pastor. He continued, however, but a short time — a few
weeks only — in the neighborhood, when he removed to
Connecticut. That the troublers still persisted in opposition
to the course of the Presbytery, appears from the fact, that,
as late as Aug. 30, the N. J. Journal contained a call for a
meeting of the Presbyterian congregation on Saturday,
Sept. 9th," at 3 o'clock P. M., "to come to some determina
tion respecting their absent Pastor, the Rev. Mr. Austin."
The next week, a counter notice appeared, declaring the call
unmithorized, and affirming that the pastor had been re-
* Eeoords of tho Trosbytery of New York.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 603
moved by the Presbytery in May — leaving the pulpit
vacant. He supplied for a while, in 1797-8, the pulpit of the
church where President Dwight had preached with so much
ability for the twelve years preceding 1795, at Greenfield,
in the town of Fairfield, Ct. ; after which he removed to
East Haven, and found a home at the house of his uncle.
Rev. Nicholas Street, his wife having returned to her father's
house in Norwich.*
At New Haven he embarked in a building enterprise,
involving a large outlay of money, by which he exhaust
ed his resources, and incurred obligations that he was un
able to meet. When asked as to his design, he was wont
to reply, seriously, or facetiously, that he was providing
warehouses for the Jews on their way to the Holy Land.
His erratic course continued, but assumed much more of
the humorous, one of his most marked characteristics
through life.
In the circumstances in which they were left, it was not
easy to unite the congregation in the choice of another pastor.
A call was given to the Rev. John Gemmil, a popular
preacher connected with the Presbytery of Philadelphia, and
leave was given by the Presbytery, Jan. 9, 1798, to prose
cute it, but it was declined.-)-
Though destitute of a pastor, the church maintained their
vitality, of which a remarkable illustration occurred in the
summer following. At a meeting of the church held, Aug.
14, 1798, at which Gen. Elias Dayton presided, action was
unanimously taken, to this effect :
When one of the most powerful nations of the earth, having no fear
of God, threatens the destruction of the Christian Religion, and the abo
lition of its holy Sabbath, — when snch principles of Infidelity, and their
baneful consequences in society, are already prevailing in our land — when
a pestilence in our cities, and approaching war, awfully warn us of the
displeasure of Heaven ; when judgments like these are abroad in the
earth, it is incumbent upon the inhabitants thereof in an especial manner
to learn Righteousness. * Contrib. to the Ece. History of Ct., 894.
t Bacon's 1st Chh. New Haven, p. 279. Allen's' Biog. Diet. Eecords of P. of N. Y.

604 THE HISTORY OF
We, therefore, the Membe3-s of the Pirst Presbyterian Church in Eliza
beth-Town, do associate and agree,
1. That we will aid the civil magistrates, in their endeavors to put
into execution the laws against vice and immorality, every species of
which we will check and discountenance by every reasonable means in
our power.
2. That, unless prevented by particular circumstances, we will regu
larly attend divine service on the Sabbath, and encourage the doing the
same, by our respective families. That we will not unnecessarily travel
abroad on that day ; and that we will, by all reasonable means, endeavor
to prevent every profanation thereof.
3. That we will avoid every irregularity which may tend, in the least,
to interrupt and disturb the solemnities of the Lord's day, and the ser
vices thereof.*
The true old Puritan spirit animated these faithful soldiers
of the Cross. The town has ever been noted for its reveren
tial observance of the Sabbath-Day.
Mr. John Blair Linn, a son of their former pastor, had just
been licensed to preach by the Classis of Albany, in the
twenty second year of his age. He at once took high rank
as a preacher, and was greatly admired. The First church
of this town, early in the spring of 1799, having obtained,
April 16, leave from the Presbytery, presented him a call,
and earnestly urged his acceptance. But, as he received
about the same time, an invitation to be co-pastor with Rev.
Dr. Ewing, of the First Presbyterian church of Philadel
phia, he accepted the latter, and declined the former. The
brilliant career of this young man, doctorated when he was
26 years old, was terminated, by death, in August 1804, in
his 28th year.f
In June, 1799, the church gave a call to the
REV. JOHN GILES,
who was received into the Presbytery of New York, at a
meeting called here, June 20, 1799. As he was a foreigner,
the action of the Presbytery needed to be confirmed by the
Synod. In the meantime, he was appointed to exercise his
ministry here.
He was a native of England, was educated in the Dis-
* N. J. Journal, No. 774. f Spraguo's Annals, IV. 210-5. Murray's Notes, p. 125.! !

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 605
senting Academy, at Homerton, near London, and was
ordained pastor of an Independent church, at Wellington,
Somersetshire, Sept. 26, 1786. He removed to Exeter,
in 1795, and became the pastor of New Chapel, Castle
street, where he remained until 1798, when, with his wife
and six children, he migrated to America, arriving in
September. Shortly after his coming to this, town, his wife was remov
ed by death, and her remains lie buried in the grave-yard
with this inscription on her head-stone :
Here lie the remains of Jane, daughter of Benjamin and Elizabeth
Peach, of Westbury, Wiltshire, Old England, and wife of the reverend
John Giles, of Elizabeth-Town, New-Jersey, who departed this life, on
the 5 day of August, 1799, aged 36 years. She lived deservedly beloved,
and died sincerely lamented.
The friends of Mr. Austin still cherished the hope that he
might be restored to his charge again ; and, with this encour
agement, he returned to this place in November, 1799, and
embraced every opportunity of resuming his ministerial
work. On the 26th of November, he announced, in the
" Journal," the publication of " The First Vibration of the
Jubilee Trump, in nine Numbers, Is. or $1 a doz." Evi
dently, his mind had not recovered its balance ; yet he was
treated by the people with great consideration. At the an
nouncement of the death of Washington, the corporation,
Dec. 24, requested him to deliver a funeral oration in the
Presbyterian church, and he complied with the request on
the following day, delivering " a pertinent discourse in the
presence of a great concourse of a people," — a funeral proces
sion having been formed at Lyon's tavern, and proceeding to
the church. On the following day, 26th, he performed the
same service at the cantonment on Greek Brook, Scotch
Plains, performing the service on horseback riding in front
of the line. At Springfield, on the 1st day of January, he
preached a funeral sermon for Washington, from 2 Kings
xviii. 7, — " And the Lord was with him ; and he prospered
whithersoever he went forth ; and he rebelled against the
king of Assyria, and served him not."

606 THE HISTORY OF
The following advertisement appeared, evidently from Mr.
Austin's pen, in the N. J. Journal, of Jan. 14, 1800 : —
An Holy Convocation of the American Israel, under the sound of the
Jubilee Trump, consisting of Ministers and Elders, Deacons, Delegates,
and People from the Churches of every Christian denomination through
out the United States, is proposed to be held at Springfield, New-Jersey,
Wednesday, February 5th, A. D. 1800, at 2 o'clock P. M., for the purpose
of laying the foundation of the New Jerusalem Chueoh. On this
ground brethren from every tribe will hold themselves ready to give
heart and hand to brother of every name. No corrupt design may pol
lute the offering, nor hand of Uzzah, nor the invidious spirit of a Tobias
or Sanballat be there.
The exercises will commence by a discourse from one of the brethren,
and will be continued as may seem most promotive of the interests of the
Pentecostal scene.
The hymns and services of the day will be set to the tunes of Christian
unity and Brotherly love.
Brethren of every rank and of every name, in the spirit described, are
invited to attend. If any Achan appear there, may all Israel stone him
with stones.
Elizabeth Town, January 13, 1800. A Builder of the Temple of the Lord.
The following week, Rahway was substituted for Spring
field, as the place of meeting. Nothing further respecting
this meeting is known to be on record.
He sought to make converts to his views, and to defend
himself against opposers, by a long communication, in the
N. J. Journal, of Jan. 28, 1800, signed " The Phakez of
God." At the celebration of Washington's birthday in the
" Union Camp," he delivered a very remarkable prayer, a
copy of which appears in the Journal of the 25th of Feb.
Another millennarian, or " Jubilee," article appeared in the
Journal of the 4th of March, entitled, " A Prophetic Rebus."
He must have left the town shortly after, as nothing further
appears of or from him, at this time.*
The reception of Mr. Giles having been sanctioned by the
Synod, the Presbytery installed him pastor of this church,
on Tuesday, June 24, 1800 ; the Rev. Samuel Miller, of New
York, preached, from 1 Tim. iii : 1 ; the' Rev, Dr. Rodgers, of
* N. J. Journal, Nos. S41, 345, 646, 847, 850, S54, 855.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 607
New York, presided, and gave the charge to the pastor ; and
the Rev. Mr. Roe, of Woodbridge, gave the charge to the
people. The connection was of short continuance, as, on
the 7th of October, the same year, Mr. Giles applied to- the
Presbytery to be released from his charge, and no objection
having been offered by the congregation, he was released,
and dismissed to the Fairfield East Association. No reasons
for this course are recorded. Six weeks after, his son, Alfred,
died, at New York. He retired to Connecticut, with health
impaired, it is said. In May, 1802, he was settled at Trum
bull, Ct., and dismissed in September. The next year, July
20, 1803, he settled at Newburyport, Mass., where he died,
Sept. 28, 1824*
In June, 1801, Mr. Austin applied to the General Assem
bly, then in session at Philadelphia, " to be taken into con
nexion with the Presbyterian Church ; " but, it being the
closing session, no decision of the case was reached. The
next year, May 22d, 1802, he renewed his application, and
was fully heard in support of his petition ; but the Assembly,
in kind terms, declined his request.
The congregation, a few days after the removal of Mr.
Giles, united in extending a call to the
REV. HENRY KOLLOCK,
which was put into his hands by the Presbytery, Oct. 22,
1800, and accepted. He was ordained, on Wednesday,
Dec. 10th, at 10 o'clock A. M. ; the Rev. Aaron Condict, of
Hanover, preached from 2 Cor. ii : 16 ; the Rev. Dr. Mc-
Whorter presided and gave the charge to the pastor ; and
the Rev. Samuel Smith, of Connecticut Farms, gave the
charge to the people.
He was born, Dec. 14, 1778, in this town, at that part of
it which was called New Providence, whither the family had
retired for the greater security of the region. An uncom
monly bright youth, he was early fitted for college, at the
academy in his native town, entered the junior class of
the College of New Jersey in 1792, and graduated in Sep-
* Eecords of Presb. of N. Y. Murray's Notes, pp. 125, G. N. J. Journal, Nos. 872, 892.

608 THE HISTORY OF
tember, 1794, before he had completed the sixteenth year of
his age. Three years he remained at home, assisting his
father in business, and perfecting himself in general reading.
Having, in the winter of 1796-7, while Mr. Austin was still
pastor, become a member of the church, he was taken under
the care of the Presbytery of New York, May 4, 1797, as a
candidate for the ministry. In the autumn of the same year,
he accepted an appointment as Tutor of the College of New
Jersey, a position that he held for three years. His associate,
the first year, was John Henry Hobart, afterwards the Bishop
of the Episcopal Diocese of New York ; and, the remaining
two years, he was associated with Mr. Frederick Beasley,
afterwards the rector of St. John's church of this town.
Mr. Hobart had spent a year with him in college, and, on
renewing his Princeton life, became the bosom-friend of Mr.
Kollock — an intimacy which was kept up by correspondence
and otherwise after he left Princeton the second time.
Mr. Kollock received license to preach, May 7th, 1800,
and at once, in his very first pulpit efforts, attracted unusual
attention. He continued at Princeton until September,
preaching every Sabbath afternoon, greatly admired and
drawing the largest audiences — a popularity that followed
him through life, and that nowhere was more strikingly
manifested than among his own townsmen. In the summer
of the year following his settlement he visited New England,
proceeding as far as Boston, and producing, by his pulpit
efforts, a great sensation wherever he preached, — a mere boy
of less than 23 years.
Having been requested by the Standing Committee of
Missions, then newly-appointed, to preach a missionary
sermon before the General Assembly, he performed the
service, at Philadelphia, May 23, 1803, from the text, — John
iii : 30. — " He must increase." The Assembly presented
him their thanks, and published the sermon. His reputation
as a preacher was thereby spread through the country.
Calls were extended him from several important places. The
Trustees of the College of N. Jersey appointed him, young
as he was, Professor of Theology, and the Presbyterian

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 609
church of Princeton called him to be their pastor. He
deemed it his duty to accept these positions, and, the con
gregation consenting, he was released, Dec. 21, 1803, after a
ministry of. three years.
In 1806, he was honored by Union and Harvard Colleges,
with the degree of Doctor of Divinity. About the same
time, he accepted a call from the Independent Presbyterian
church of Savannah, Ga., and removed thither in the autumn
of 1806. He continued in this charge until his decease, by
paralysis, December 29, 1819, aged forty one years.
He was married, in this town, June 1, 1804; by his friend,
Rev. J. H. Hobart, to Mehetabel, the widow of Alexander
Campbell, of Richmond, Va., and daughter of William
Hylton, of the Island of Jamaica. The Hylton family be-
¦longed to St. John's parish in this place. Mrs. Mehetabel
Hylton, the grandmother of Mrs. Kollock, died here Oct. 16,
1810, aged 92 years. Dr. Kollock had no children. His
widow survived him.*
Mr. Austin's admirers were not slow to inform him of Mr.
Kollock's removal, and to invite him to return to his old
home. Promptly and gladly he complied with the invitation.
A meeting of the congregation was held, and a vote obtained-
to employ him as the stated supply of the pulpit for three-
months. The people, as before, were divided in respect to
retaining him. At the close of his brief engagement, the.
question of his continuance was taken in a very full meeting
of the people, and lost by one vote only.
Application was then made to the Presbytery, in session
at New York, April 25, 1804, praying them " to receive the-
Rev. David Austin into their body and appoint him to sup
ply the congregation of Elizabeth Town for three months.-
The following day the Presbytery took action as follows :
Resolved, That, whereas none of the petitioners are present and have
not been seen in Presbytery since shortly after the petition was presented ';
and Mr. Austin has not appeared to make any application to Presbytery ;
and there is no application to Presbytery from the Session, or Board of
* Spragne's Annals, IV. 263-74 McVickar's Hobart, pp. 4, 9. Life of Or. Alexander, pp.
218, 236, 248-9, 252. Murray's Notes, pp. 126-7. Memoir, prefixed to Kollock's Sermons, I.
Eecords of Presb. of N. York.
39

610 THE HISTORY OF
Trustees, or any regular body of the congregation of Elizabeth Town ;
and Mr. Austin is by no means acknowledged by Presbytery as in good
standing, or in any wise connected with this body :
They cannot comply with either of the requests ; but, on the contrary
find themselves in duty bound to declare, agreeably to their declaration
on a former occasion, that they cannot recommend Mr. Austin as one who
ought to be employed by any of our Congregations as a minister of the
gospel of Christ.
Disappointed with the result, his friends withdrew from
the congregation, and obtained the use of the Methodist
Church, for the Sabbath afternoons and evenings. Subscrip
tion papers, bearing date, "May 7th 1804," were circulated
to raise £50, to finish the gallery of the Methodist church,
" for the accommodation of the people disposed to attend the
Labors of the Revd David Austin for the year ensuing."
The amount was secured, mainly through the agency of Mr.
Edward Price. Among the subscribers were Alderman
Caleb Halsted, Jr., (for a long period Mayor of the Borough),
Aaron Winans, Elihu Brittin, Stephen Burrows, Lewis
Woodruff, Wm. Halsted, Thomas Price, Jr., David and
Tenrub Price, Lewis Tucker, Nebemiah Tunis, Isaac Wood
ruff, Richardson Gray, Morris Hatfield, Wm. and Daniel
Willis, Henry Freeman, James Bonnell, David S. Canfield,
Moses Ogden, John Hendricks, Wm. W. Smith, and Thos.
Eaton. None of them were office-bearers of the Church.
One subscription only was for five dollars ; none of the others
exceeded three and a half dollars. Very few men of sub
stance adhered to him.
Not content with the opportunities of the pulpit, frequent
communications appeared, from May to November, 1804, in
the columns of the N. Jersey Journal, on " the Millennial
Empire," of which the following is a specimen : —
The Millennial Empire : or the Republican Cloud presenting the Blaze
of National Day.
Brethren of Ecclesiastical Grade, — . . . What were we doing during
the eight years of Washington's day? ... We advanced to a fellowship
in our spiritual connections: — The rallying point was Elizabeth Town.
A wind dislodged John Adams, and sent David Austin, a revolutionary
name, into the sea. This formed a compound fracture upon the political

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 611
and spiritual hopes of the existing labor. But, Sirs, if John Adams be
irretrievable gone, not so with your file-leader. He rises from the sea,
and returns from his walk upon the waters, unfurling the banners anew
at Elizabeth Town. If the republican winds now blow let them blow, &c.
David Austin,
Chaplain to the Republic, on the old spiritual line at Elizabeth Town.
Eliz. Town, May 28, A. D. 1804.*
It is strange, that, with such palpable evidence of his
mental derangement, he should have been so long sustained
by even his warmest admirers, for a single month. Yet he
continued here. Encouraged by his friends, he addressed a
letter to the Presbytery, dated at E. Town, Oct. 1, 1804 ;
and, on the 3d, appeared personally before them at Morris
town, when he was heard at full length in relation to his
being restored to the fellowship of the ministry. Thereuppn
it was Resolved, That the said letter and the subsequent communication have
given the Presbytery no further satisfaction respecting the state of Mr.
Austin's mind, and that the said letter be put upon the files of the Pres
bytery. Mr. Austin took his leave of the people that employed him,
in a farewell discourse, Wednesday evening, Dec. 26, 1804,
and presently returned to Connecticut. Finding the Con
gregational churches closed against him, and their Asso
ciations quite as reluctant to receive him into their fellow
ship as the Presbytery had been, and not brooking the re
straint, he sought the fellowship of the. Baptists, and was im
mersed. But he soon discovered that his new associations
were far from being congenial, and he returned practically
to the Congregationalists.
His father-in-law, Dr. Lathrop, having died in 1807, and
made ample provision for his daughter, Mr. Austin thence
forward resided at Norwich, where by the tender and judi
cious treatment of his excellent wife, he gradually recovered
the tone of his mind, and embraced every opportunity to
preach the gospel. He appeared in the Presbytery of New
York, Ap. 29, 1808, with a certificate of commendation from
* N. Jersey Journal, Nos. 1074, 9, SO, 4, 9, 90, 4, 8.

612 THE HISTORY OF
the New Haven East Association, and the censure was so
far withdrawn as to allow of his being employed by the
brethren in Connecticut.
It is probable, that, on this occasion, Mr. Austin spent
several weeks among his old parishioners. It was announced,
in the N. J. Journal, June 28, 1808, that the Rev. David
Austin would deliver the oration at Rahway, on the ensuing
4th of July.
Again, at the meeting of the Presbytery, April 28, 1809,
in this town,
The Rev. David Austin appeared and requested to be received into his
former standing in Presbytery, and having solemnly acknowledged him
self wrong in withdrawing from this Presbytery; and renounced all
claim to a spirit of inspiration or prophecy ; and promised to conduct
himself in a peaceable and christian manner as a minister of Christ and
a member of this body ; the Presbytery received him again as a member
of their body, and Mr. Austin took his seat.
He was in attendance on the Presbytery, at Newark, June
7, 1809, and was appointed to preach at Morristown the next
Sabbath. He attended, also, in October, 1809. He con
tinued to be reported as a member of the Presbytery of
Jersey, for several years, when he was transferred to an
Association in Connecticut, having been called to take charge
of the Congregational church of Bozrah, originally the fourth
society of Norwich, Ct., of which he was duly installed pastor,
May 9, 1815. Continuing still to reside at Norwich, he re
tained the charge of this humble country parish, greatly
honored by his people, until his death, at Norwich, Feb. 5,
1831. His faithful wife died some years before. It has been
truly said, —
For elegance of manners, for brilliancy of conversation, for fervor of
worship, for a large hea3-t and a liberal hand, few men could surpass Mr.
Austin. The darkness that obsci3red his intellect on many points, and
which was never wholly removed, appeared not to impair in the least
those prominent traits, that lay deep and shone through, to illustrate his
character, and to win for him the love and admiration of all who came
within his sphe3-e.* * Miss Caulkina* Norwich, p. 437.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 613
Another, who knew him intimately, says, —
He closed life unusually well. Nearly a year before his death, his
health began to decline. His forwardness, his eccentricity, his extrava
gance, his drollery, were all laid aside. An increasing simplicity and
gentleness, with brotherly love and faith, characterized him the residue
of his days. In life, he had commanded great attention ; in his decline
and death, he awakened great interest in the hearts of his Christian
friends. *
Of all the excellent and eloquent men who have graced
the pulpits of this town none have excited deeper interest
than Mr. Austin.
Dignified in personal appearance, polished in manners, eloquent in his
public performances, and prompt to meet every demand that was made
upon his ample fortime, he exerted a commanding influence not only over
his own congregation, but also over many of the leading minds of his day.
His memory was retentive and his conversational powers extraordinary.
His devotional exercises were peculiarly happy and impressive ; and all
who remember him testify that few have ever surpassed him in public
prayer, t
* D'. McEwen in Sprague's Annals, II. 206.
t Sprague, II. 195-206. Murray's Notes, pp. 114-125. N. Y. Observer, Aug. 11, 1844.
Canlkins' Norwich, pp. 485-7. Sprague's Life of McDowell, pp. 8-12. Disosway's Chhs. of
If- Y. & its Vicinity, pp. 379-81. Ms. Eecords of Presb. of N. Y. N. J. Journal, No. 1287.

614 THE HISTORY OF

CHAPTER XXVIII.
A. D. 1790-1838.
Ecciesiastical — Rev. Samuel Spraggs — Rev. Menzies Rayner — Rev. Frede
rick Beasley, D. D. — Rev. Samuel Lilly — Introduction of Methodism —
Lists of Methodist Ministers — Rev. Thomas Morrell.
At the time of the decease of the Rev. Dr. Chandler, in
Jime, 1790, the Rev. Samuel Spraggs had been the resident
minister of St. John's church, since April of the previous
year. Mr. Spraggs had given such general satisfaction in
his work as an assistant, that on the 1st of January following
he was appointed by the Wardens and Vestrymen to fill the
vacant rectorship, with good promise of usefulness in his
vocation.
REV. SAMUEL SPRAGGS,
the newly-appointed rector, was in the forty-fourth year of
his age, and had, for a considerable period, been an accepta
ble preacher in connection with the Methodist Episcopal
Church, having been admitted on trial, at the second Con
ference, held at Philadelphia, May 25, 1774. Of his paren
tage and the place of his nativity, no record remains. It is
said that he came from England. Like all the Methodist
preachers of that day, he had probably enjoyed but few ad
vantages of education, in which respect the contrast between
him and Dr. Chandler was very noticeable.
Mr. Spraggs' first appointment, after being " admitted on
trial," was to Brunswick Circuit in S. E. Virginia, May 25,
1774. In May, 1775, having been admitted to full connec
tion, he was appointed to Philadelphia, and re-appointed in
May, 1776. The following record, made at Philadelphia, in
Mr. Asbury's Journal, refers to Mr. Spraggs : —

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 615
Lord's Day, June 2. Went to the chapel, and preached after brother S. S.
and the people appeared to be deeply affected. But brother S. does not
seem to enter into the Methodist plan of preaching. He uses a few pomp
ous, swelling words, which pass for something great with short-sighted
people ; but are not calculated to do them much spiritual good.*
In May, 1777, he was appointed to the Frederick Circuit
in Maryland. After the capture of Philadelphia by the
British army, Sept. 26, 1777, he found his way again to
Philadelphia, and in the course of the following winter or
spring to New York. As the only travelling preacher there
in the connection, he took charge of the old John st. Chapel
from that time to the close of the war in 1783. In common
with his fellow-itinerants, he was regarded by the British
authorities as a loyalist, and so neither he nor the chapel
was disturbed, during the war. His ministry there termi
nated in July, 1783, from which time his name disappears
from the connection. It is probable, that, about this time,
he married and located at Mount Holly, N. J. His wife's
name was Mary. She was twelve years his senior.
It is not known how he was occupied during the next few
years. He had, in all probability, become connected with
the Episcopalians, and had been ordained a deacon. His
salary at the first was £120. It was increased, Ap. 1, 1793,
to £150. His ministry was cut short by his unexpected de
cease, Sep. 7, 1794.
Mr. Spraggs was an affectionate and useful pastor, (says Dr. Rudd,)
and enjoyed the confidence and regard of his flock, with whom he was on
terms of affable and cordial intercourse.t
His widow survived until June 27, 1821, dying at New
York, in the 87th year of her age. She left the parish a
small legacy. %
REV. MENZIES RAYNER.
At a meeting of the Vestrymen and Wardens, Feb. 10,
1795, a committee was appointed to write to the Rev. Men
zies Rayner, " respecting his residing here as minister of St.
* Asbury's Jonrnal, L 139. t Dr. Rudd's Notices of St. John's, p. 21.
X Clark's St. John's, pp. 164-8. Wakeley's Lost Chapters of Am. Methodism, pp. 262, 8,
279-83,287,293. Eecords of St. John's Chh. t

616 THE HISTORY OF
John's Church." Mr. Rayner had been on the Methodist
circuit that included this town, and so was well known here.
The application was not successful. At the Easter meeting
of the parish, April 6, 1795, Rev. Joseph Pilmoor was ap
pointed the rector, but declined, in favor of Christ church,
(Ann st.) New York.*
The call to Mr. Rayner was shortly after renewed and ac
cepted. He began his ministry here as early as Jan. 1,
1796. He was a native of Hempstead, L. I., had entered the
Methodist ministry in 1790, and had successively been ap
pointed to the Dutchess, Hartford, Lynn, Elizabeth Town,
and Middletown (Ct.) circuits.
He was a young man of promise, (says Dr. Stevens,) and very accepta
ble among the people as a preacher. Having engaged himself to marry
a young lady whose family was unwilling that she should share his
privations as an Itinerant, he chose the alternative of resigning his
ministerial post. It was done with deliberation, with frank notification
of his purpose to his Presiding Elder, Rev. George Roberts, and with
the avowal of undiminished confidence in the doctrines and discipline
of Methodism.
He had just left the connection, when he was called here,
in 1795. He was ordained to the priesthood, on Wednesday,
Nov. 8, 1797, by Rt. Rev. Samuel Provoost, D.D., on which
occasion, the Rev. Abraham Beach, D.D., of New York, read
the prayers, and the Bev. Mr. Gardiner, Assistant Minister
of Trinity church, Newark, preached. His pastorate con
tinued nearly six years. In September, 1801, he accepted
an invitation to the rectorship of the Episcopal church of
Hartford, Ct., which position he held about twelve years.
Afterwards he took charge of a church in Huntington,
Ct. In his later years, he withdrew from the Episcopal min
istry, and became a Universalist preacher. In 1839, he sup
plied the pulpit of the Bleecker st. Universalist church of
New York.f
At a parish meeting, Sept. 5, 1801, as Mr. Rayner was
* Spraguo's Annals, V. 266-70. Berrian's Trinity Chh., pp. 188, 4, 191. Wakeley's Lost
Chapters, pp. 198, 207-18.
t Eecords of St. John's. Dr. Eudd's Discourse, pp. 21-2. Stevens' Memorial of Meth
odism, 1. 127. Journals of the Gen. P. Ep. Convention, 1. 209, 284, 818. N. J. Journal, No. 735.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 617
about to leave his charge, a committee was appointed to wait
on the REV. FREDERICK BEASLEY,
who was then in town, and invite him to the rectorship of
St. John's, with a salary of £250. The call was accepted,
and he was instituted in February, 1802.
Mr. Beasley was a native of Edenton, N. C, where he was
born, in 1777. He graduated in 1797, at the College of
New Jersey. In 1798, he was associated with Henry Kol
lock, of this town, as a Tutor in Princeton College, and
served two years, pursuing, at the same time, under the di-
rectionof Pres. Samuel Stanhope Smith, D.D., the study of
theology. He was employed as a Reader, for several months
previous to Nov. 1800, by Christ church, New Brunswick,
N. J. In the summer of the following year, he was ordained
Deacon by Bishop Moore of New York, and soon after was
invited to serve one of the churches of New York City, but
declined in favor of St. John's of this town. In February
1802, arrangements were made for his regular induction as
rector ; and, not long subsequently, he was ordained Priest,
also by Bishop Moore. His salary was £250 a year. His
college friend, Henry Kollock, had, scarcely more than a
year previous, become the pastor of the Presbyterian church
of this town. Their intimacy, thus, was very happily re
newed for a season.
His ministry here was soon terminated. He resigned his
rectorship, June 5, 1803, (six months before Mr. Kollock's
removal), to accept a call to St. Peter's church, Albany,
N. Y. In August 1809, he resigned this charge, to become
the Colleague of the Rev. Joseph G. J. Bend, D. D., of St.
Paul's, Baltimore, Md.* This position he resigned in July,
1813, to become the Provost of the University of Pennsyl
vania, at Philadelphia. In 1815, the honorary degree of
D.D., was conferred on him, both by the University over
which he presided, and by Columbia College. He retired
* The Eev. Dr. Bend, in April, 1790, had married Mary, daughter of Abner Hatfield, of
this town, andniece of Elias Boudinot, L L.D. He died, at Baltimore, Sept. 18, 1812, in his
50th year. His wife died in 1801, leaving two sons and one daughter.

618 THE HISTORY OF
from the University in 1828, and, in 1829, became the rector
of St. Michael's, Trenton, N. J. He resigned this charge in
June, 1836, and withdrew from public life.
While rector of St. John's in this town, he had become
tenderly attached to Susan W., daughter of Gen. Jonathan
Dayton, whom he married, August 22, 1803, just as he was
removing to Albany, N. Y. Mrs. Beasley, having given birth
to a daughter, died, Nov. 27, 1804, in her 22d year, greatly
lamented. Mr. Beasley subsequently (June 29, 1807) mar
ried Maria, daughter of Matthias Williamson, also of this
town. On his retiring to private life, in 1836, he came hither,
and spent the remainder of his days, among his relatives by
marriage, in the prosecution of his studies. His publications
had been somewhat numerous, of which the most profound
were, — " A Search of Truth in the Science of the Human
Mind ; Part I.," 8vo. 1822. (Part II. was completed, but not
published) : — " A Vindication of the Fundamental Principles
of Truth and Order in the Church of Christ, from the Alle
gations of the Rev. William E. Channing, D.D." 1830. He
was a superior scholar, but excelled chiefly in the Philosophy
of the Mind, being of the School of Locke. Though con
scientiously attached to the Episcopal Church, he was not
illiberal towards other Churches.
He died, of dropsy in the chest, on Saturday, Nov. 1, 1845.
His wife survived until July 2, 1852. They had nine chil
dren, seven of whom came to mature years. One of them
[Frederick W.], took orders in the Episcopal Church, and
settled in Bucks County, Pa. ; another practised law at
Trenton, N. J., and has attained great eminence at the bar
and on the bench.*
Mr. Beasley's successor was the
REV. SAMUEL LILLY.
He was appointed rector of St. John's, August 28, 1803.
He was admitted to Priest's Orders, shortly after, and in
ducted April 2, 1804, on an annual salary of five hundred
dollars and the use of the parsonage. He had charge, also,
* Records of St. John's Chh. Clark's St John's, pp. 163-70. Sprngne's Annals, V. 477-84.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 619
of the academy, during the same year. No record has been
found of his history, previous to his becoming the rector of
St. John's. Early in the autumn of 1804, he was informed of
the impossibility of raising the stipulated salary. The con
gregation voted, Oct. 21, 1804, to continue the salary until
April 1, 1805, " if he should so long continue to perform
divine service in this church and would then resign the Rec
torship." Mr. Lilly declined to accede to the terms pro
posed, and negotiations were continued until April 13, 1805,
when he agreed to resign his charge on the first of May,
" being then paid up all arrears of the stipend due to that
time." The arrears were paid- in full, April 30, and Mr.
Lilly, the same day, formally relinquished the rectorship.
Some time after he removed to the South, where he died,
previous to 1824.*
Until the close of the Revolutionary War, two churches
only had been organized within the village of Elizabeth
Town ; The First Presbyterian, and St. John's Episcopal,
churches. Soon after the War, the town was visited occa
sionally by traveling preachers of the Methodist Episcopal
persuasion. Bishop Asbury, as previously noticed, on passing
through the town, preached by invitation, Sept. 6, 1785, in
the unfinished Presbyterian church. Either then, or shortly
after, a society was gathered, and taken under the care of
the Conference. Of this society, one of the earliest and most
efficient members was the wife of Mr. Jonathan Morrell.
This worthy couple originated in Newtown, L. I., but, at an
early day, took up their abode in the City of New York,
where they resided more than a quarter of a century. Mrs.
Morrell was one of the small company, whp were induced to
hear Philip Embury, the carpenter, preach in his own house,
at New York, in the year '1766, — the earliest American
Methodist preacher. She was converted, and had the honor
of being enrolled in the first Methodist Class in America.
In 1772, Mr. Morrell removed to this town, and, with his
wife, united with the First Presbyterian church under the
* Ms. Eecords of St. John's Chh. N. J. Journal, No. 1082. Dr. Eudd's Hist. Notices of
St. John's Chh. p. 22.

620 THE HISTORY OF
care of the Rev. Mr. Caldwell. At the organization of the
Methodist society, Mrs. Morrell returned to the people of
her first love, and became one of the principal supports of
the society.
The first who ministered to this handful of people, (for such
they were for many years), were circuit preachers, appointed
by the General Conference, generally two by two, in the
order following:
The appointments by the General Conference to the E.
Town Circuit were as follows :
1787. Robert Cloud, Thomas Mor- 1798. James Tolleson, Samuel
rell. Thomas, Thomas Morrell.
1788. John McCluskey, Simon 1799. Thomas Everard, David Bar-
Pile, tine.
1789. John Merrick, John Coopei-. 1800. Joseph Totten, Jesse Justice.
1790. Jethro Johnson, Gamaliel 1801. Joseph Totten, WilliamMills.
Bailey. 1802. Joseph Totten, William Mills.
1791. No record. 1803. Samuel Thomas, George Wool-
1792. John Clark, Joseph Totten. ley, Joseph Stevens.
1793. John Ragan, Menzies Ray- 1804. Thomas Morrell, Benjamin
ner. Eiff, Samuel Budd.
1794. John Clark, Hezekiah C. 1805. Peter Vannest, David Bartine.
Wooster. 1806. William McLenahan, David
1795. Shadrach Bostwick, Robert Bartine.
Hutchinson, William 1807. James Moore, Jacob Hevener.
Storms. 1808. James Moore, Thomas Strat-
1796. John Eountain, Albert Van ton.
Nostrand. 1809. William Smith, Thomas
1797. John Clark, Timothy Mer- Stratton, John Sharpley.
ritt, John Seward. 1810. William Mills, Jacob Hevener.
With the exception of the year, 1821, when Joseph Ly-
brand received the appointment, no preachers were assigned
to the E. Town circuit from 1811 to 1822. Mr. Morrell,
during this period, preached regularly on the Sabbath, aided
by the preachers on the Essex circuit. In 1823, Samuel S.
Kennard, and, in 1824, Robert Lutton were stationed here.
From 1825 to 1838, Thomas Morrell was classed among the
"supernumerary preachers, in connection with " this church;
and, from 1825 to 1853, the following preachers were stationed
here : —

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY.

621

1825.

Thomas B. Sarge'nt.

1840.

Robert Lutton.

1826.

Thomas B. Sargent.

1841.

Robert Lutton.

1827.

Joseph Holdich.

1842.

Alexander Gilmore.

1828.

Joseph Holdich.

1843.

Joseph Ashbrook.

1829.

Daniel Parrish.

1844.

Joseph Ashbrook.

1830.

Edmund S. Janes.

1845.

James 0. Rogers.

1831.

Edmund S. Janes.

1846.

James 0. Rogers.

1832.

William A. Wilmer.

1847.

Richard B. Westbrook.

1833.

Edwin L. Janes.

1848.

Richard B. Westbrook.

1834.

WiUiam H. Gilder.

1849.

Thomas McCarroll,

1835.

James Buckley.

1850.

Thomas McCarroll.

1836.

James Buckley.

1851.

Lewis R. Dunn.

1837.

George A. Raybold.

1852.

Lewis R. Dunn.

1838.

Isaac N. Felch.

1853.

Alexander H. Mead.

1839.

Isaac N. Eelch.

In 1852, a second Church was commenced at Elizabeth
Port, and located on Fulton st. For the next five years, the
appointments were as follows :

1854. Alexander H. Mead, E. Town ;
1855. James Ayars, " "
1856. John Ogden Winner, " "
1857. John Ogden Winner, " "
1858. Richard Vanhorne, " "

Isaac Trotter,"
Jonathan B. Heward,
Albert H. Brown,
Horace S. Bishop,
Jeremiah Cowins.

E. Port.

In 1859, a new enterprise was started in Mechanic street,
now known as St. Paul's Church, since which time the ap
pointments for the three churches have been as follows, in the
order of time, — Water st., Fulton st., and St. Paul's : —
1859. Richard Vanhorne, George E. Dickinson, John E. Dodd.
1860. Dallas D. Lore, George E. Dickinson, Edward W. Adams.
1861. Dallas D. Lore, John F. Hurst, Edward W. Adams.
1862. George H. Whitney, John E. Hurst, Elbert Clement.
1863. John E. Hurst, Charles S. Coit, James N. Fitzgerald.
1864. John F. Hurst, Charles S. Coit, Sylvester N. Bebout.
1865. Richard B. Lockwood, Sylvester H. Opdyke, Alexander L. Brice.
1866. Richard B. Lockwood, Sylvester H. Opdyke, Alexander L. Brice.
1867. Benjamin Kelley, James I. Boswell, Alexander L. Brice.
1868. Benjamin Kelley, James J. Boswell, Sanford Van Benschotten.
Among those, to whose labors the Society, in its infancy,
was under greatest obligations, was the

622 THE HISTORY OF
REV. THOMAS MORRELL.
He was the eldest child of Jonathan Morrell, and was
born at New York, Nov. 22, 1747. His father was a native
of Newtown, L. I., and a grandson of Thomas Morrell, who
was at Gravesend, L. I., in 1650, and at Newtown, as early as
1655, where he died about 1704, leaving four sons : Thomas,
Samuel, Joseph and Jonathan. One of these four was the
father of Jonathan, and the grandfather of the Rev. Thomas
Morrell. The father was a merchant, and from the time of
their coming to this town in 1772, the son had a partnership
in the business. When tidings of the battle of Lexington
reached the town, a company of volunteers was immediately
gathered, of which he, being among the foremost, was chosen
Captain. He was in command of one of the boats that cap
tured the Blue Mountain Valley, off Sandy Hook, Jan. 23,
1776. He took an active part in the measures that were
adopted to protect the town and neighborhood, during the
following summer and autumn, against the British and Hes
sians. In June, 1776, he received a captain's commission, with
orders to muster a company of seventy-eight men, and report
to Gen. Washington, then at New York. Two companies
of militia were parading in front of the Presbyterian church.
Young Morrell gave them an earnest talk, and then called
for volunteers. So effective was his eloquence, that in five
minutes his quota was filled — many of them being of the
most respectable families in the town. They were equipped,
and ready, at New York, for service, six days after the
Declaration of Independence. They were attached to the
N. Jersey Brigade, under Gen. Heard of Woodbridge, and
in the fatal engagement at Flatbush, Aug. 27, 1776, were
nearly cut to pieces. Capt. Morrell fell, severely wounded,
and barely escaped with life. He was removed first to New
York, and then to his father's house in this town, where he
remained, unable to report for duty, until the advent of
Cornwallis and his army of invasion, when he found a refuge
at the house of Rev. Jonathan Elmer at New Providence.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 623
Soon after he was appointed a Major in the Fourth Jersey
regiment, and served through the campaign of 1777, or until
the attack on Germantown, Pa., Oct. 3, 1777 in which he
took an active part. He also distinguished himself in. the
battle of Brandywine, Sept. 11, 1777. His health had now
become so much impaired, that, with the reluctant assent of
Washington, who highly- esteemed him, he withdrew from
military service, and resumed his mercantile pursuits, in
which he continued thenceforward nearly ten years.
The change which then ensued is best told in his own
words, as recorded in his Journal : —
In the month of October, 1785, 1 was awakened by the preaching of
the Rev. John Hagerty,* and in March, 1786, received the witness of
God's Spirit of my acceptance. In June, 1786, I began to preach as a
local preacher in Elizabeth -Town, and in several parts of the circuit. In
March, 1787, 1 began to ride as a traveling preacher, and rode on Eliza
beth-town Circuit [twenty months] with Robert Cloud. At the Confer
ence in New York, in October, 1788, I was ordained deacon [nearly 41
years old], and appointed to the Trenton Circuit, with John Merrick and
Jethro Johnson. At the June Conference in N. York, 1789, was ordained
an Elder, and appointed for that city, with Brother Cloud, who was with
me twelve months, and Brother Merrick four months.
He continued at New York, most of the time, for nearly
five years, residing at No. 32 John st. During the first six
months, he built the Forsyth st. church, the funds for which
he raised himself. The church was dedicated, Nov. 8, 1789.
A great revival followed, resulting in 400 conversions, and
200 accessions to the society, within nine weeks from Jan. 1,
1790. At the Conference in 1790, he was appointed Pre
siding Elder for the district, including N. York, E. Town,
L. Island, New Rochelle and Newburgh Circuits.
In the winter of 1791-2, he traveled with Bishop Asbury
through the Southern States. He was stationed several'
months at Charleston, and returned to New York in June,
1792. In March, 1794, he left the city, and retired to
Elizabeth Town ; having found in the society at New York
in 1789, about 300 members, and left above 850. The
* Then stationed at New York City, and the following two years Presiding Elder of the
District.

624 THE HISTORY OF
following winter he was stationed at Philadelphia, but, in
consequence of a severe illness, was laid aside about four
years. His excellent mother was taken from him, July 30,
1796, in her 68th year. In .1799, he was stationed at Balti
more, Md., and remained two years. In May, 1801, though
appointed to New York, he returned home and remained a
year. In 1802, with his newly-mamed wife, he consented
to be stationed at New York, but in February, 1804, he
retired from the itinerant connection, and became a per
manent resident of this town. His venerable father closed
a long and useful life, Sept. 25, 1805, in his 80th year, having
been a consistent member of the church for 40 years.
The " meeting house " of the Methodist society had been
built, soon after the organization of the church, directly east
of and almost adjoining his own house, on Water st., a short
distance below the Adelphian Academy, that occupied, in
early days, the site of the present spacious Market-House.
It was a small, unpretending frame building, adapted to the
wants of a feeble congregation. In this humble structure,
Mr. Morrell took delight, once at least every Sabbath, in
preaching " a free and full salvation " to all who came. At
the time of his return to the town, Mr. Austin was preach
ing in the Presbyterian church. When the congregation
voted against continuing him in their service, his friends
procured- for him the use, during the afternoon and evening
of every Sabbath, of the Methodist church, and, at an ex
pense of £50, obtained by subscription, finished the gallery
of the church. The division in the Presbyterian church
brought quite a number of families to attach themselves to
the lively and energetic ministry of Mr. Morrell, after Mr.
Austin's final removal from the town.
During a period of more than thirty four years, from the
time of his locating here, Mr. Morrell continued in the faith
ful discharge of his duties as a Christian minister, rarely
failing to preach once every Sabbath, until his 87th year.
As " Father Morrell," he was known, revered, and greatly
honored by all classes of people in the town, many from the
other churches, the young as well as the old, resorting fre-

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 625
quently to hear the old soldier discourse of the great salva
tion. He took an active part in all measures for the improve
ment of the town, and especially for the advancement of re
ligion. On all patriotic occasions, — Fourth of July celebra
tions, and the like, — he was sure to be present. During the
war of 1812-15, his counsels and other services were freely
tendered, and were invaluable. So late as July 4, 1828, at
fourscore years of age, he delivered an oration in the
Presbyterian church, full of patriotic fire, and worthy of the
occasion. After the completion of his fourscore years and ten, be
wrote, January 1, 1838, in his admirably kept journal, as
follows : — ¦
Through the tender mercy of God, I have lived to see the beginning
of another year, being now ninety years, one month, and nine days old, —
a longer period than any of our family have lived. I have many things
to be thankful for, — my life being prolonged to so advanced an age,
having the faculties of my mind in perfect exercise, my health tolerably
good, sleep sound, appetite good, my wife in health, my children all
religious and in health, my son successful as a preacher, my soul devoted
to God, and every thing in plenty of temporal things. Would to God
I was more thankful, more holy, more heavenly-minded. This morning-
I have devoted my soul and body to God ; and though I am unable to
preach as formerly, yet I am endeavouring by grace to walk with God.
The church here is in a low state. Lord, revive thy work in my soul,
and in our and the other churches, for Christ's sake. Amen and Amen.
On the 9th of August, 183S, after a severe illness of six
months' duration, he fell asleep, in perfect peace, having
lived ninety years, eight months and seventeen days, and
having been a faithful and honored minister of the gospel
more than fifty-two years.
He was a man of marked personal appearance : —
He was rather short in stature, but strongly built. His neck was
short, his head not large, his eye bright and blue, his lips thin, and his
whole appearance indicative of much more than ordinary firmness. He
always wore a covering on his head, like a smoking cap, from beneath
which his hair fell gracefully on his neck. For his age, his step was
quick, and his conversation vivacious. He was neat in person, and
always appeared as if dressed for company. He wore a long frock-coat,
buttoned to his chin, and, without the least ostentation, was a man of.
40

626 THE HISTORY OF
the Old School. His memory was retentive to the last, and his senses
unimpaired by years.
He was thrice married. The name of his first wife, whom
he married about Oct. 1, 1769, has not been preserved. She
was the mother of two children : Elizabeth B. (born, July 22,
1770, and died, Feb. 2, 1799), and Catharine (born, Feb. 29,
1772, married Benjamin Wade, and died, Nov. 21, 1800,
" rejoicing in the hope of a blissful immortality)." The date
of her death has not been ascertained.
He married again (Bishop Asbury officiating), May 24,
1802, Lydia, a daughter of George Frazee, of Westfield. She
was born, March 20, 1774, and had three children : Francis
Asbury (born, June 4, 1804, and died, Sep. 11, 1805), Cath
arine (born, Oct. 31, 1805, and married to Rev. Wm. A.
Wilmer), and Francis Asbury, 2d (born, July 27, 1807, and
married Mary, a daughter of Jonathan Griffith). The latter
is a worthy minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church.
Mrs. Lydia Morrell died, Oct. 11, 1808.
The bereaved husband then married, at Belleville, N. J.,
October 4, 1809, Eunice, the widow of Theodorus James
Hamilton, a well-known merchant of this town. She was the
daughter of Mr. Uzal Woodruff and Elizth. the daughter
of Samuel Ogden and Hannah Hatfield. Then- only child,
Eunice Theodosia (born Dec. 13, 1811), became, Ap. 12, 1838,
the second wife of the Hon. Apollos Morrell Elmer, of this
town, a grandson of Rev. Jonathan Elmer. Mrs. Morrell out
lived her husband about 12 years.*
* Sprague's Annals, VII. 145-150. Wakeloy's Lost Chapters of American Methodism,
S97-401, &c. N. J. Journal, Nos. 892, 1342, 1144, 1854. N. J. Conference Memorial, pp. 9-22.
Ms. Letters of Eov. F. A. Morrell and Mr. F. King. Littell's Passaic Valley, p. 150.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 627

CHAPTER XXIX.
A. D. 1735-1856.
Ecclesiastical— Township of Rahwat — Presb. Chh.— Rev. Messrs. Cleverly,
Grant, Strong, and Watkins — First Pastor — Rev. A. Richards — Rev. R. H.
Chapman, D. D. — Rev. B. Carll — Township of Union — Presb. Chh. — Rev.
S. Horton — Rev. J. Davenport — Rev. D. Thane — Rev. J. Darby, M. D. —
Rev. B. Hait — Rev.P. Fish — Rev. S. Smith — Rev. S. 0. Thompson.
RAHWAT.
A ftjkther reduction in the extent of the territorial area of
the town was made, by Act of the Legislature of New Jersey,
February 27, 1804. It was then enacted,
That all that part of the townships of Westfield and Elizabeth Town,
lying within the following lines, to wit : beginning at the bridge that
crosses Rahway river, a small distance below Elias Williams's saw-mill,
from thence running south, thirty-eight degrees and five minutes west,
one hundred and seventy chains and nine links to John Ross's mill-pond,
on Robertson's branch ; thence south-westerly along up said branch as it
runs until comes to the county line between Essex and Middlesex ; thence
along the said county line, as it runs, north eighty-seven degrees east,
three hundred and fifty-five chains and thirty-three links to Mordeca
Marsh's mill-pond on Rahway river ; thence along down the said Rahway
river to the sound ; thence up the sound to the mouth of Thompson's
creek, near Halstead's point ; thence along up said creek to Dr. Isaac
Morse's mills ; thence continuing along up said creek to a bridge crossing
the same in the lower road leading from Rahway to Elizabeth-Town ;
thence along the lower road as it runs, north thirty five degrees and
thirty minutes west, forty six chains and seventy links, to land late of Ben
jamin Winants deceased ; thence running north, fifty one degrees and forty
eight minutes west, one hundred and five chains and thirty one links to
where formerly stood the signpost to the eastward of the wheat sheaf tav
ern ; thence crossing the main road to the road leading to Earitan ; thence
along said road by the dwelling house of Abraham Clark, esquire, deceased,

628 THE HISTORY OF
and Robert Clark, until it comes to the school-house, standing on the
westermost corner of the plantation, formerly belonging to Samuel Wil
liams deceased, by the road ; thence running north seventy degrees west,
one hundred and eighteen chains to Rahway river, near Jeremiah Garth-
waite's dwelling-house ; thence running along down Rahway river as it
runs to the aforesaid b3-idge, the place where it first began, shall be, and
hereby is set off from the townships of Westfield and Elizabeth-Town,
and made a separate township, to be called " The township of Eahway." *
As already intimated, a considerable portion of the early
settlgrs of the town were attracted to the fertile valley
watered by the Rahway river to the west and south of the
town proper. Much of the Quaker population, that came in
hither under the Proprietary rule, found homes in this
quarter, and at an early date were organized into a religions
society. As early as Oct. 11, 1706, Mr. Brooke, the Episco
pal missionary at E. Town and Amboy, asks the Propaga
tion Society " to send a minister to take the charge of Eliza
beth Town and Rawway upon him." The latter was one of
his preaching places. Mr. Vaughan, his successor, wrote
Feb. 28, 17LJ-, that his " labours were divided between Eliza
beth Town and Raway ; " and speaks of his " monthly lec
ture at Rahway where " he was wont to " preach to a small
congregation and catechised their children." It is likely,
that something of the kind was continued throughout his long
ministry. Mr. Chandler, on succeeding him, writes, Dec. 20,
1749,— Particularly that part of the congregation which lives in Raway. ... I
have occasionally read divine service at a Private House in Raway, and
have been sm-prised at seeing the great concourse of People on that occa
sion. There are several Families there that make a part of our congre
gation, one Family in particular of good Repute has in the summer past
deliberately and heartily conformed to our Holy Church and behaves with
a Zeal very becoming. I find there numbers of the Dissenters well af
fected towards the Church ; and I donbt not by the Industry of a faithful
clergyman in Elizabeth Town a considerable part of the Presbyterian meet
ing in that place might be gained over to the Church.t
" The Presbyterian meeting in that place " was then in its
infancy. The most of the people were of that persuasion.
* BloomQold's Laws of N. J., 112-113. i Clark's St John's, pp. 22-3, 40, 68.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 629
But, for nearly, or quite, fourscore years, they and their
fathers had remained in connection with the First Presbyte
rian church of E. Town, whither they resorted regularly for
public worship. The pastors of that church were wont, also,
occasionally or statedly to perform divine service and preach
the word here in private houses, and sometimes in barns for
greater convenience. This is particularly affirmed of Mr.
Dickinson, but was, doubtless, true of his predecessors. As
early, however, as 1739, the project of building a Presbyte
rian church at Rahway had been entertained. Samuel
Oliver (who had died, in June, 1744) made provision, in his
will, dated Nov. 1, 1739, that, in case his cousin, Margery
Oliver, to whom he bequeathed one third of his moveables,
should die under age without lawful issue, her portion should
be given "towards the building of a presbyterian Meeting
House in Elisabeth Towne Raway." Tradition says, that
About the time of the memorable winter, known familiarly as the
"hard winter," A. D. 1741-1742, the people made their first effort to
wards building a church. It is said that the enterprise was carried on
with great unanimity, both by Episcopalians and Presbyte3-ians, their pas
tors affording an example of united effort. The people, even in that ti-y-
ing season, gave liberally to the house of the Lord. Each one, both young
and old, seemed anxious to do to the extent of their ability, what they could
to the advancement of the great work in which the people were engaged.
Their first house of worship was, doubtless, erected in 1742,
or 3, and their organization as a church must have taken
place about the same time. No record, however, remains of
the fact. The first, who statedly supplied their pulpit was
Mr. John Cleveelt, who had just retired from the supply of
the church at Turkey [New Providence], of whom mention
is made on a previous page. It is probable that his first en
gagement was not renewed, and he retired to Morristown,
where he became a teacher. Mr. John Geant, a young man
of much promise, succeeded him, but left, after a short time,
to take charge of the church of Westfield. He was succeeded
by a Mr. Strong of New England, — probably Rev. Nathan
Steong, of Woodbury, Ct., who graduated at Yale College in
1742, and settled at Coventry, Ct., Oct. 9, 1745. A Mr. Wat-

630 THE HISTORY OF
kins, probably Rev. Hezekiah Watkins, who graduated at
Yale, in 1737, was employed for a short period.* They suc
ceeded, at last, in obtaining the pastoral services of the
REV. AARON RICHARDS.
His great-grandfather, Thomas Richards, born, about 1602,
in England, came to America, and settled at Hartford, Ct.,
about 1637, where he died, the following year. His son, John,
born in 1631, married, as early as 1686, Lydia Stocking, and
died, in 1712, at Newark, N. J. One of his sons, John
Richards, was born, in 1687, and married, in 1717, Jane,
daughter of Deacon Azariah Crane, of Newark, N. J., and
died at Newark, Mar. 16, 1748. Mrs. Jane Richards, his
wife, died, Sept. 12, 1741, in her 56th year. They had three
sons, Moses and Aaron, (twins), born, 1718, and David, born,
1720. Aaron Richards, the son and grandson of John, and the
great-grandson of Thomas, graduated at Yale College, in
1743, having associated there with such men as William
Livingston (Gov.), Samuel Hopkins (D. D.), Samuel Buel
(D. D.), James Sproat (D. D.), Noah Welles (D. D.), Wil-
, liam Peartree Smith, Eliphalet Williams (D. D.), Wm. Samuel
Johnson (Pres. and LL. D.), Wm. Smith, and Thomas B.
Chandler (D. D.). Caleb Smith, of Orange, N. J., was his
classmate. He was ordained, by the Presbytery of New
York, Nov. 15, 1748, and installed the first pastor of the
Presbyterian church of Rahway, of which church he retained
the pastoral charge more than forty-two years.
His usefulness and happiness were much impaired by a
morbid hypochondria, to which he was more or less subject
during the greater part of his ministry. He is spoken of, in
1753, as " a pious minister, under the deepest melancholy
and temptation, harassed with perpetual suggestions to cut
his own throat." Naturally, however, he was "gay and
lively." Having espoused the cause of his country during the war
* Church Manual of 1st Pros. Chh. Eahway, N. J., pp. 8, 4. Wills, Trenton, N. J., D.
Spraguo's Annals, II. 84.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 631
of the Revolution, he was compelled to flee from the British
invaders in 1776, and to reside, a few months, at South
Hanover, N. J., where he ministered to the Presbyterian
church, until he could return to his home in safety. With ad
vancing years, he became more than ever a victim of the
most distressing hypochondi-ia, so that at length, at the age of
seventy-two, he desisted entirely from preaching. The pas
toral relation was dissolved, Nov. 2, 1791.* He died, May
16, 1793. The inscription on his tomb-stone is as follows :
Sacred to the memory of the Rev. Aaeon Riohaeds of Raway, who
deceased May 16th, 1793, aged 75 years, and in the 45th year of his min
istry. All who knew the man will join
Their friendly sighs and tears to mine ;
For all who knew his merits must confess,
In grief for him there can be no excess.
His soul was form'd to act each glorious part;
Of life unst,.iind with vanity or art.
No thought within his generous mind had birth,
But what he might have own'd, in heaven and earth.
His wife, Susannah Smith, a native of England, survived
him but a few months. Her epitaph is remarkable :
In memory of Susaisinah, wife of the Rev. Aaron Richards, who died,
18 February, 1794, aged 68 years.
On God for all events depend,
You cannot want, when God 's your friend.
Weigh well your part and do your best,
Leave to omnipotence the rest.
God is alike both good and wise,
In what he grants and what denies.
Perhaps what goodness gives to-day,
To-morrow, goodness takes away.
They had seven children : (1.) Smith. (2.) Alexander. (3.)>
William. (4.) Samuel Vroom. (5 ) Susan, married to Peter
Smith, of Flanders, N. J. (6.) Mary, married to Joseph
Barnett, of Rahway. (7.) Betsey, married to James Brown,
of Woodbridge, N. J. f
* Ms. Eecords of the Presbytery of New York, III. 105-6, 109-10.
t Alden's Epitaphs. Webster's Presb. Chh., p. 5S2. Morse's Genealogy of the Eichards-
Family.

632 THE HISTORY OF
After the removal of Mr. Richards, the pulpit was sup
plied for a while by " a Mr. Cooley," who had sought admis
sion to the Presbytery, " but not producing satisfactory Tes
timonials, could not be admitted." * He was followed by
Mr. Henry Cook, a Licentiate. Supplies were furnished,
from time to time, by the Presbytery. The vacancy con-
tinned more than five years. -In the autumn of 1796, they
gave a call to the
REV. ROBERT HETT CHAPMAN.
He was then in his 26th year, a son of the Rev. Jedidiah
Chapman, and a descendant, in the seventh generation, of
Robert Chapman, who was born at Hull, England, in 1616,
came to Boston, Aug. 1635, and settled at Saybrook, Ct,
April, 1642. His son, Robert, had a son, Robert, who was
one of the first settlers of East Haddam, Ct. He was the
father of Robert, the 4th, and the grandfather of Jedidiah,
of Orange, N. J., who was born at East Haddam, Ct., Sept.
27, 1741, and died at Geneva, N. Y., May 22, 1813.
Robert Hett Chapman was the second son of the Rev.
Jedidiah Chapman and Blanche Smith, and was born at
Orange, N. J., March 2, [or 5,] 1771. Both dates are given
in " the Chapman Family." He graduated at the college of
New Jersey in 1789, in the same class with David Hosack,
Mahlon Dickerson, Isaac Pierson, and Silas Wood. After a
full course of theological study, he was licensed to preach,
by the Presbytery of New York, Oct. 3, 1793. In the winter
of 1794-5, he visited the Southern States on a missionary
tour. On his return, he supplied, for a while, the newly-
organized church of Wardsesson [Bloomfield], N. J.
The call from Rahway was laid before the Presbytery,
Oct. 12, 1796, and accepted. The ordination and installation
took place, Jan. 5, 1797. The Rev. Messrs. Woodruff, Roe,
Chapman, Austin, Fish, Hillyer, Condict, Cook, Richards,
* This was tho Thomas Cooley, who sought admission, Dec 20, 1791, to the Presbytery of
Redstone, with credentials from the Presbytery of Charleston, and testimonials from several
dissenting ministers in England. He was taken on trial, as a minister from foreign parts,
and his credentials referred successively to tho Synod of Virginia, and the General Assembly
of 1798. The latter body pronounced his credentials a forgery. What became of him is not
now known. " Old Kodstono," 180, 427, 437, 453. Minutes of G. Assembly, p. 71.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 633
Armstrong, and Force were present. " Mr. Hillyer preached
the sermon from Luke ii : 14. Mr. Chapman presided. Mr.
Condict gave the exhortation to the people." *
He was married, a few weeks later, Feb. 14, 1797, to
Hannah, daughter, and sixth child, of Isaac Arnett and
Hannah White. She was the sister of Mrs. Shepard Kollock,
of this town, and the grand-daughter of James Arnett, who
was one of those who were admitted Associates of the Town,
in 1699. They had twelve children, four of whom were
born at Rahway, the eldest living but a few weeks, and
dying, at Rahway, in May, 1798.
His first. pastorate was short ; Oct. 2, 1799, he was dismiss
ed, for want of adequate support, the people being unable to
fulfill their engagements. He was subsequently the honored
President of the University of N. Carolina, received the
degree of D.D. from Williams College, in 1815, and died, on
a journey, at Winchester, Va., June 18, 1833.f
The church at Rahway remained vacant until the summer
of 1802, being supplied mostly by the Presbytery. A call
was then extended to the
REV. BUCKLEY CARLL,
of the Presbytery of Philadelphia. It was accepted, and
Mr. Carll was received by the Presbytery of New York, Oct.
6, 1802. At a meeting of the Presbytery, at Connecticut
Farms, Nov. 16, 1802,
Mr. David Hetfield,. a commissioner from the congregation of Rahway,
appeared in Presbytery, requesting the instalment of Mr Buckley Carle,
as their Pastor, as soon as convenient. Whereupon, the Presbytery
agreed to instal Mp Carle, Pastor of the congregation of Rahway, on the
4th Tuesday of December, at 11 o clock A. M. Mr. Griffin to preach the
sermon; Doct Roe to preside ; & Mr Hillyer to give an exhortation to
the people.
He was accordingly installed, Dec. 28th, and Mr. Griffin
preached from 1 Tim. iv : 16. Rev. Dr. Roe and Messrs.
Hillyer, Woodruff, Griffin, Force, and Thompson, with the
* Ms. Eecords of the Presb. of N. V., Vol. IV. 128-4.
t Eecords of Presb., IV. 185-6 ; 237, 242, 3, 810. Sprague's Annals, IV. 95-9. Chapman
Family, pp. 108, 9.

634 THE HISTORY OF
Elders, David D. Crane, Abiathar Dodd, John Wood, Ben
jamin Corey and Jacob Davis were present.*
He was born in 1770, and in 1799 became the pastor of the
Presbyterian church of Pittsgrove, N. J. Of the place of
his birth and education, no information has been obtained.
Soon after his settlement here he was subjected to a sore
bereavement. A monument in the grave-yard has the fol
lowing inscription :
Sacred to the memory of Mrs. Naomi Carl], wife of the revd Buckley
Carll, who deceased 28 August, 1804, in the 35 year of her age. Her
heaven born examples as a loving wife, a faithful and endearing friend,
and an eminent christian, all combined to render her an honour to her
sex, a blessing to her partner, and in her death much lamented by him
and the people of his charge.t
He was dismissed in 1825, " broken down by disease," and
returned to the neighborhood of his former charge, where,
4 miles from Deerfield, N. J., he purchased a farm, on which
he resided until a short period of his decease. He died at
Deerfield, May 22, 1849, in his 80th year, and was buried at
Pittsgrove. His second wife, Abigail, survived him, and
now resides at Bridgeton, N. J4
UNION.
A still further reduction of the town area was effected, by
an Act of the Legislature, Nov. 23, 1808 :
Whereas a number of the inhabitants of the said borough of Elizabeth
have by their petition set forth, that they find themselves much injured
by being as they are at present a part of the borough of Elizabeth, and
as such obliged to furnish their quotas of jurymen four times in a year to
attend the mayor's court, where but little business is done and in which
they are seldom interested ; and also being compelled from time to time
by taxation to pay money for the building and repairing their court-house,
without being in the least exonerated thereby from their services or ex
penses as it respects the county ; For remedy whereof,
Be it enaoted by the council and general assembly of this state, and it
is hereby enacted by the authority of the same, That all that part of the
borough of Elizabeth lying within the following bounds, to wit — Begin-
? Eecords of Presb., IV. 296, 804, 5. t Aldon's Epitaphs.
X Ms. Letters of Eev. E. H. Davis.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 635
nir.g at a fork in the road leading from the dwelling-house of Benjamin
Mulford past the house of Robert Clark to Crane's Mills, and in the line
of the township of Rahway ; thence up the road leading past the said
Benjamin Mulford, and the dwelling-house of William Crane, esquire,
until it strikes a road running a northerly course from the dwelling-house
of Oliver Crane ; thence up the said road until it strikes the mouth of the
road leading from James Crane's to Stephen Crane's tavern ; thence in a
direct line to a bridge commonly known by the name of Trotter's bridge ;
thence on a direct line to the mouth of the road leading from the main
road which leads from Elizabeth-town to Newark, and near the dwelling-
house of John Pierson ; thence up the said road past the house of Lewis
Mulford, to the fork of the road leading to Lyons Farms meeting house,
and the road leading to Newark, past the house of Capt. Obadiah Meeker ;
and from thence in a direct course until it strikes the line which separates
the township of Newark from the borongh of Elizabeth, near Dividend
hill ; thence up the Newark line until it strikes the line of the township
of Orange ; thence along the Orange line until it strikes the line of the
township of Springfield ; thence along the line of the township of Spring
field until it strikes the township of Rahway ; thence along the line of
the said township of Rahway to the place of beginning ; shall be and
hereby is set off from the borough of Elizabeth, and erected into a sepa
rate township to be known and called by the name of " The township of
Union." *
At an early period of the settlement of the town, a number
of families were attracted to the neighborhood, since known
as " Connecticut Farms." They belonged mostly to the sec
ond or third generation in descent from the old planters ;
particularly the Bonnell, Meeker, Crane, Wade, Headley and
Townley families, and the Potter family of Newark. By
whom the name was given to the locality cannot now be de
termined — possibly by the Wades, who came directly from
Connecticut. For a long period, the people of this neighborhood traveled
their four or five miles every Sabbath-day and back again,
to worship with their fathers in the old church where Harri
man and Dickinson proclaimed the doctrines of the cross.
About the year 1730, possibly a few years earlier, they were
organized into a separate religious society. No record has
been preserved of the formation of their church. Every
thing of a documentary character pertaining to the early his-
* Bloomflcld's Laws of N. Jersey, pp. 199-201.

636 THE HISTORY OF
tory of the congregation must have perished in the disastrous
conflagration kindled by the torch of the ruthless invader,
June 7, 1780, in which the church and parsonage were both
consumed. Their first pastor was the
REV. SIMON HORTON.
He was born at Southold* (L. I.), N. Y., March 30, 1711.
The Hortons were among the first settlers of the " East End "
of Long Island. Barnabas, Jonathan, Joshua, Caleb and
Benjamin Horton were all residents and landholders at
Southold, in 1675, and in 1683 ; Jonathan, at the latter date,
being the richest man in the town, and one of its overseers.
One of them was the father of Simon and Azariah. Their
mother was Elizabeth Grover, a daughter of Simon Grover,
also a resident of Southold, for whom Simon was named.
The latter was educated at New Haven, where he graduated
in 1731, a classmate of Peter Van Brugh Livingston, the year
before James Davenport graduated. With whom he studied
for the ministry does not appear ; probably with his pastor,
Rev. Benjamin Woolsey. He was bred a Congregationalist,
but, his steps having been jn-ovidentially directed hither, he
was ordained, sometime between Sept. 1734, and Sept. 1735,
by the newly-erected Presbytery of East Jersey, and installed
the first pastor of the newly-organized Presbyterian church
of Connecticut Farms. It is said, that the family had re
moved, in 1727, to East Jersey. This statement, however,
needs confirmation.
The congregation to which Mr. Horton ministered was
scattered over a considerable territory. The families that
settled at the foot of the mountain, in what has since been
called Springfield, found it most convenient to attach them
selves to his parish. Possibly his ministrations extended up
the Passaic Valley among the " Turkey " people, until, in
1737-8, they were organized into a separate church. No ,
records remain of his ministry here. His compensation must
have been quite small, and, like most of his brethren, at this
* Webster is certainly wrong in saying that he was born " iu Boston." It is certain, as
Hedges and Prime affirm, that his brother Azariah was " a native of Southold."

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 637
period, a part of his time must have been occupied in the
cultivation of the soil. His attendance at the annual meet
ing of the Synod was quite infrequent, his name ordinarily
appearing among the absentees. In 1742, the church was
represented in the Synod for the first time, by the Elder,
Timothy Whitehead, who united with his pastor and a few
others, in protesting against the summary excision of certain
members of the Presbytery of New Brunswick in 1741.
His ministry here terminated in 1746, when he accepted a
call to the pastorate of the Presbyterian church of Newtown,
L. L He continued in the active duties of his calling until
1772, when he resigned his charge and remained in retire
ment until his decease, which occurred at the residence of his
son-in-law, Judge Benjamin Coe, in Newtown, May 8, 1786,
get. 75. "He was a man of unquestioned piety, and always
sustained a good character and standing." He " was of a
middle size ; and of a solemn deportment." *
The Farms church remained vacant for about two years,
from 1746 to 1748, during which time the mother church at
E. Town was deprived of their pastor by death, as before re
lated. The Rev. Timothy Symmes became the pastor of the
united churches of Springfield and New-Providence, about
the time of Mr. Horton's removal, and, probably, was occa
sionally employed at the " Farms." Their second pastor was
REV. JAMES DAVENPORT.
In the absence of the Presbyterial Records of this period,
it cannot now be determined at what precise time, Mr.
Davenport began to labor here in the ministry. He was re
ceived as a member of the Presbytery of New Brunswick,
Sep. 22, 1746, and may have been laboring, for some time
previously, within their bounds. He was dismissed, in 1748,
to unite with the Presbytery of New York, " with a view to
settle at Connecticut Farms, near Elizabeth Town." Rev.
Jonathan Edwards, of Northampton, Mass., writes May 23,
1749, — " I had a letter from Mr. Davenport, (who is settled
• Prime's L. Island, pp. 804-5. Biker's Newtown, p. 229. Webster's Presb. Chh., p. 433.
Eecords of P. Cbh., p. 161.

638 THE HISTORY OF
now as a minister over a congregation belonging to Elizabeth-
town, in New Jersey,) dated April 1, 1749." In Gillies' Ex
hortations, (I. 156), a letter from Mr. Davenport is published,
dated, "Elizabeth Town May 1749." These are the only
evidences, now extant, of Mr. Davenport's ministry at Con
necticut Farms, so far as has been discovered. They are
enough to settle the question, that in the years 1748, and
1749, he was " settled " over this church as their minister.
He was, at the time, in feeble health, and appears to have
removed in the latter part of 1749, or early in 1750. At the
Synod, held at Maidenhead, N. J., May 18, 1749, the record
was made, " Mr. Davenport is appointed, if he recovers a
good state of health, to go and supply in Virginia." The
appointment, not having been fulfilled, was renewed the fol
lowing year, May 16, 1750. He set out on this mission,
May 21st, and, at the expiration of four months, he returned,
and took up his abode at Hopewell, N. J. He could not,
therefore, have resided here more than two years. His stay
was shortened, probably, by his feebleness of health.
It is not necessary to give, in this connection, the particu
lars of the life and labors of this eccentric minister, of whom
so much has been written, for and against. The merest out
line must suffice. A great grandson of the Rev. John Daven
port, of New Haven, Ct., and a son of the Rev. John, of
Stamford, Ct., he was born at Stamford in 1710, and gradu
ated at Yale College in 1732. He was ordained pastor of
the church of Southold, L. I., Oct. 26, 1738. In 1740, he
entered upon an itinerant course, which, with brief intervals
of rest at home, he continued, during the period of the " Great
Awakening," for nearly four years. While his preaching
was blest to the awakening and conversion of very many
souls, the irregularities and extravagances, bordering on
fanaticism, in which he indulged, were the occasion of great
disorders, divisions and delusions, over which he himself,
when brought to see his error, in 1744, wept bitterly with
humiliation, shame and grief. Leaving Southold, in 1745,
he came to New Jersey. On his return from Virginia, as
related above, he preached awhile to feeble congregations,

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 639
until he was installed, Oct. 22, 1754, pastor of the Ne.w Side
church of Hopewell and Maidenhead, N. J. Here he con
tinued until his death, Nov. 10, 1757, set. 47. Appended to
the notice of his death on his tomb-stone, are the following
lines : Oh Davenport, a seraph once in clay,
A brighter seraph now in Heavenly day.
How glowed thy heart with sacred love and zeal,
How like to that thy kindred angels feel.
Oloth'd in humility thy virtues shone,
In every eye illustrious but thine own.
How like thy Master on whose friendly breast
Thou oft has leaned and shalt forever rest.*
The third pastor of the church of Connecticut Farms was
REV. DANIEL THANE.
He was a native of Scotland, it is said, and studied awhile
at Aberdeen. Emigrating to this country, he completed his
studies in connection with the newly-chartered college of
New Jersey, graduating in the first class of alumni, at New
ark, in 1748. A portion of the year previous he must have
spent in this town, under the instruction of President Dick
inson and Tutor Caleb Smith. It is probable that he studied
theology with Mr. Burr, of Newark, and was taken under
the care of the Presbytery of New York, and in due time
licensed to preach. Having made trial of his gifts among
the people of Conn. Farms, and received a call to be their
pastor, he was ordained and installed by the Presbytery of
New York, August 29, 1750. The youthful and graceful
Thomas Arthur, of New Brunswick, N. J. (who died Feb.
2d, following, set. 27), preached the sermon, and Rev. Caleb
Smith, of Newark Mountains, delivered the charge. The
sermon and charge were issued from the press.
No memorial of his ministry here has been preserved, so
far as known. He was a regular attendant on the meetings
of the Synod, by whom, in 1754, he was sent on a three
* Edwards' Works, I. 278, 9. Eecords of P. Chh., pp. 238, 240. Tracy's Great Awaken
ing, pp. 230-255. Webster's Presb. Chh., pp. 531-545. Sprague's Annals, III. 80-92. Prime's
Long Island, pp. 146-9.

640 THE HISTORY OF
months' tour to the destitute settlements in Virginia and
North Carolina. He continued in the pastorate of the Farms'
church until 1757. He had been "disannexed from the
Presbytery of New York," previous to May, 1758, soon after
which date, he united with the Presbytery of Newcastle,
and became the pastor of the united churches of Newcastle
and Christina Bridge, remaining in this connection only until
1763. It is thought that he died in 1764. But Dr. Hosack
says, that DeWitt Clinton, who was born in 1769, was under
the tuition of Mr. Thane, he being, at the time, the minister
of New Windsor, Orange Co., N. Y., where Clinton was born.
It is quite certain that Mr. Thane's name disappears from the
Minutes of the Synod after 1763*
The fourth pastor of the Farms' church was the
REV. JOHN DARBY.
He was, probably, a son, or grandson, of William Darbie,
of this town, mentioned on p. 255 ; was born about 1725 ;
graduated at Yale College in 1748, was licensed, by the
Presbytery of Suffolk, L. I., in April, 1749, and appointed
to preach at Lower Aquebogue and Mattituck, remaining in
this service for two years. For the next six years and more,
he supplied other congregations on the Island, when he was
ordained, by the same Presbytery, Nov. 10, 1757, as an
evangelist, at Oyster-Ponds [Orient]. His ministry at C.
Farms commenced in 1758, and continued about two years.
In 1772, he withdrew from the Presbytery of New York,
and connected himself with the Presbytery of Morris County.
After leaving the Farms, he settled at Parsippany, Morris
Co., where he not only preached the gospel, but practised
medicine, having acquired a medical education. As such he
made himself quite useful during the revolutionary war. He
received the degree of M. D., from Dartmouth College in
1782, and died, Dec. 1805, 90 years old. He was twice
married. By his first wife, he had one son and two daughters.
Of these two, the eldest, Hester, married a British officer
named Fox. His second wife was Hester White Huntting,
* Webster's Presb. Chh., pp. 504, 532, 6. Eeoords of Presb. Chh., pp. 260, 289.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 641
a widow of East Hampton, L. I. They had one son, Henry
White Derby, M. D. (of Parsippany, who died, Dec. 6, 1806,
set. 46), and two daughters, Helen (the wife of Gen. O'Hara),
and Lucinda (the wife of Christian De Wint).*
How the pulpit was supplied the next five or six years not
even tradition informs us. In the winter of 1765-6, the
REV. BENJAMIN HAIT,
lately dismissed from Amwell, N. J., received and accepted
a call to this church. He was a native of Norwalk, Ct., and
a descendant of Walter Haite [Hayte,Hoit, Hoyt], the father
of all the Haights and Hoyts of that vicinity. His imme
diate parentage cannot now be given. His collegiate days
were passed at Newark, under the instruction of President
Burr, of the College of N. Jersey, where he graduated in
1754. He was regarded by Davies, whom he accompanied
to New York, as " a promising young man." He was
licensed by the Presbytery of New Brunswick, October 25,
1754, four weeks after his graduation. In the Princeton
Triennial, he is called " Hoit," as the name " was uniformly
pronounced." He began his ministry at the Forks of Dela
ware [Easton], Pa. In November, 1755, he received a call
from the Presbyterian church of Amwell, Hunterdon Co.,
N. J., where he was ordained and installed, by the same
Presbytery, Dec. 4, 1755. In May, 1765, he closed his
ministry at Amwell, and, the next winter, came to Connecti
cut Farms. His ministry here, from the beginning, was in
troublous times, and terminated by his death, June 27, 1779.
His widow, " A. Hoit," was living at the Farms, at the time
of the British invasion, June 6, 1780, when the church and
village were burned, and Mrs. Caldwell was murdered. (A
short letter, that she wrote on the occasion, is preserved in
Sedgwick's Livingston, p. 353.) Their son, James Jauncey
(born, 1770, a merchant of Schenectady), married Mary, a
daughter of Rev. Jonathan Edwards, D. D., of Schenectady,
and died, Sep. 30, 1812, at Colebrook, Ct., three of his five
children surviving him.
* Eec. of P. Chh., p. 437. Prime's Long Island, p. 154. Clark's Med. Men of N. J., pp. 7, 8
41

642 THE HISTORY OF
Mr. Hait was the Moderator, in 1775, of the Synod of
N. York and Phila., and, as such, his name was attached to
the famous " Pastoral Letter" on the State of the Country,
copies of which were circulated among the Lords and Com
mons at London, in Jan., 1776.*
The loss of their house of worship, and of many of their
own houses, by the torch of the ruthless invader, left the
congregation feeble and depressed. After the decease of
Mr. Hait, Mr. Noble Everett, a Licentiate of Litchfield
. Association, was employed during the latter half of 1779,
and the winter following. But, for the next eight years, the
people were mainly dependent on the Presbytery for sup
plies. At their meeting, in Morris Town, May 7, 1783, the
following record was made : —
A Petition fi-om the congregation of Connecticut Farms for the assis
tance of presbytery in building a meeting-house, was brought in & read.
The presbytery advise that congregation to send proper persons to the
respective congregations under their care to solicit benefactions for the
above purpose ; and recommend it to the ministers & elders of each of
those congregations to take such methods as they shall think most proper
to promote this benevolent design.
No other record remains of the rebuilding of their church.
It was, probably, accomplished in the course of a year or
two from this date. At different times, their pulpit was
supplied for a season, by Messrs. Alexander Miller, Lemuel
Fordham, and Aaron Condict. A call was given, in October,
1788, to Mr. Peter Fish, one of the Licentiates of the Presby
tery of New York and accepted.f
REV. PETER FISH
was born, Nov. 23, 1751, at Newtown, L. I. He was the
son of Nathaniel Fish and Jane Berrien. His father was the
great-grandson of Jonathan Fish, one of the early settlers of
Newtown. Peter "was an Abijah from his youth." His
conversion occurred in 1761, in connection with the preach
ing of Mr. Whitefield. He studied for the ministry at
Princeton, and graduated in 1774. His feebleness of health,
* Eecords of Presb. Chh., pp. 462, 466-9. Hall's Norwalk, pp. 17, 19,23. Hoyt Family
Mooting, pp. 40, 42. Wobstcr's Presb. Chh., p. 667.
t Ms. Eecords of tho Presb. of N. York, II. 10, 40-1. III. 8.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 643
(continuing through life) greatly obstructed him in his further
studies. He was licensed to preach, in May, 1779, by the
Presbytery of New York. He continued to reside at New
town for several years, supplying vacancies, as occasion
offered. In May, 1781, he was sent on a mission to the
southern part of New Jersey. The following year, he was
appointed to supply Hardiston and vicinity, N. J., and, later
in the year, New Hempstead, L. I. He preached, after this
at Newtown, his native place, until the autumn of 1788.
He married, June 30, 1785, Hannah (born, 1759), daughter
of Kenneth Hankinson, of Freehold, N. J.
Having accepted the call, he removed to Connecticut
Farms, in November, 1788. The ordination and instal
lation took place, March 25, 1789. Dr. Alex. McWhorter,
of Newark, preached the sermon from Acts xx : 28, first
clause ; Mr. Jonathan Elmer, of New Providence, presided
and gave the charge to the minister; and Mr. Benjamin
Woodruff, of Westfield, " gave an exhortation to the people."
The other ministers present were, Dr. Rodgers, of New York,
Mr. Aaron Richards, of Rahway, Mr. Azel Roe, of Wood-
bridge, and Mr. David Austin of Elizabeth Town.
No particulars of his ministry have been preserved, during
the ten years that he continued here. The records of the
Presbytery show, that he was punctual in his attendance on
its sessions, and ready to bear his part of its burdens of
service. He represented the Presbytery in the General
Assembly that met at Carlisle, Pa., in 1792, and again, at
Philadelphia, in 1796. In May and June. 1798, he visited
" some of the frontier settlements in the state of New York,"
whither, the following year, he determined to remove. He
was dismissed by the Presbytery, April 17, 1799, and soon
after located at Trenton, in Oneida Co., N. Y., where he was
visited, in August, 1802, by the Rev. John Taylor, then of
Deerfield, Mass., who speaks of him, as
A gent, who was once settled in Connecticut Farms in New Jersey,
and is now employed part of the time by the people of this town ; and
the remainder of the time rides as a missionary — a sensible, judicious man
— and appears to be doing great good — and has hut a poor reward.

644 THE HISTORY OF
In the spring of 1807, owing to the failure of his health, he
returned to Newtown, L. I., where he resided until his death,
Nov. 12, 1810, having for a few months previously supplied
their pulpit. His wife died, June 12, 1824. Their children
were Thomas Fletcher, of Newburgh, N. Y. ; Kenneth Han-
kinson ; Rev. John Berrien, of Sidney Plains, N. Y. ; Na
thaniel ; Elizabeth Ann ; Jane Eleanor (married to Sylvester
Roe) ; and Susan Maria (married to John L. Van Doren).*
Very shortly after the removal of Mr. Fish, a call was
given to the
REV. SAMUEL SMITH.
He was born in 1769, probably in New York.' At the
close of the Revolutionary War, he entered Columbia Col
lege, and graduated, April 11, 1786, in the first class, after
the reconstruction of the college. De Witt Clinton, and two
of the Livingstons were his classmates. He studied Theology
with Rev. John H. Livingston, D.D., of New York, and Rev.
Eilardus Westerlo, of Albany, N. Y. He was licensed, Oct.
7, 1789, to preach the gospel. A call having been presented
to him from the R. Dutch church of Saratoga [Schuylerville],
his ordination took place shortly after. He continued in this
connection, more than ten years.
He was dismissed June 6, 1800, admitted to the Presby
tery of New York, Aug. 13, 1800, and installed at Ct. Farms,
on Tuesday, Oct. 7th, at 2 o'clock P. M. Dr. McKnight,
of New York, preached the sermon from Matt. 5 : 13, first
clause ; Dr. Macwhorter, of Newark, presided and gave the
charge to the minister ; and Mr. Hillyer gave the exhortation
to the people.
At the ordination (two months later) of. Mr. Kollock, as
pastor of the first church in this town, Mr. Smith gave the
exhortation to the people. At the meeting of the Presbytery
in Woodbridge, Oct. 6, 1801, they were informed " that Mr.
Smith, in consequence of his extreme illness, would not be
able to attend on the present sessions of the Presbytery."
* Ms. Eooords of Prosb. of N. York, II. 24, 81, 84, 59, 98, 105, 110, 186, 9, 144, 362; III. 11-
14; IV. 161, 172-8. Eecords of Prosb. Chh., p. 490. Minutes of G. Assembly, pp. 211, 2S1,
252, 3, 4, 825. Rlkor's Newtown, pp. 381-5, SOS. Doc. Hist, of N. York, III. 1114, 6.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 645
On Saturday of the same week (10th), at six P. M., he had
departed this life. He and his wife, with some others of the
family, had been ill for some time, probably with bilious
fever. He had preached, on Sunday, Sep. 28, in a neighbor
ing church, from " This year thou shalt die." He was taken
ill the next day. On Friday, Oct. 9th, he was regarded as
convalescent. Soon after he was struck with death. He
gathered his family and neighbors about his bed, and gave
them his dying counsel. He appeared to be filled with joy
and peace, bearing the most impressive testimony, so long as
his strength allowed, to the truth and blessedness of religion.
At his own request, Dr. Macwhorter preached, on Monday,
12th, his funeral sermon, from Prov. 18 : 10, Mr. Woodruff
and Mr. Hillyer taking part in the service. He died at the
early age of thirty-two, greatly lamented. " Perhaps," says
a correspondent, " no man ever lived more beloved, or died
more lamented, by the people of his charge, than Mr. Smith."
He left " a tender wife and helpless family." *
His successor in the pastorate was the
REV. STEPHEN OGDEN THOMPSON.
He was a native of Mendham, N. J., and a descendant of
" Goodman Thompson," one of the founders of this town.
He was the son of Jaco"b Thompson and Hannah Beach
(daughter of Elisha). His grandfather, Stephen, was 19 years
old, when his father, Joseph, migrated from the old home
here to the head spring of the Passaic, in. what is now known
as the village of Mendham. Joseph, the great grandfather,
was the son of Aaron, and the grandson of Goodman Thomas,
of whom mention is made on page 94. The grandfather of
Stephen O., having died, at 30 years of age, the widow mar
ried Dr. Joseph Ogden, from whom he derived his middle
name. He was born, December 17,. 1775, and graduated, in
1797, at the College of New Jersey.
He was taken under the care of the Presbytery of New
York, Oct. 18, 1798 ; and was licensed to preach, Oct. 9,
* E. D. Minutes, pp. 188, 197, 200, 290. Eecords of Presb. of N. Y., IV. 193, 122, 3, 260,
274. N. J. Journal, Nos. 886, 937. N. Y. Miss. Mag. II. 471-5

646 THE HISTORY OF
1800. A call for his services as pastor was presented to the
Presbytery, June 15, 1802, from the church of Connecticut
Farms, and he was ordained their pastor, on Tuesday, Nov.
16, 1802, at 11 o'clock A. M. ; the Rev. Asa Hillyer, of
Orange, N. J., presided ; the Rev. Aaron Condict, of Hano
ver, preached the sermon, from Col. 4 : 17 ; and the Rev.
James Richards, of Morristown, gave the exhortation to the
people. A few months later (Feb. 24, 1803), he married
Henrietta, a daughter of Maj. Nathanael Beach, of Newark.
The ceremony was performed by Dr. McWhorter, with
whom, probably, he had studied for the ministry. Thrice
during his ministry, in 1808, 1813-14, and in 1817, the con
gregation were favored with a revival of religion. He was
dismissed in 1834, removed to the N. E. part of Indiana, and
became a member of the Presbytery of St. Joseph (N. S.),
of which he continued a member until his death, May 31,
1856, in his 81st year.*
* Records of Presb. of N. Y, IV. 170, 232, 293, 304.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 647

CHAPTER XXX.
A. D. 1801-1844.
Political Parties — Flag Presentation — County House Agitation — Female Vo
ters — Political Corruption — Trial of Cornelius Hatfield — Gen. Elias Day
ton — Town House burned and rebuilt — Streets regulated — Anti-Sabbath-
Profanation — Thomas' Ferry — Casualty — Steam Navigation — Monopoly —
Gov. Ogden and the Livingstons — Thomas Gibbons — Opposition Line —
Lawsuit — Decision of U. S. Supreme Court — Monopoly brought to an end
— Daniel Dod — War of 1812-15 — Paper Currency — Peace Celebration —
Gen. Wm. Crane — Lt-Gen. Winfield Scott — Mayor Jeremiah Ballard —
Gen. Jona. Dayton — Gov. Williamson.
The early years pf the present century, in this town as
elsewhere, throughout the land, were marked by political
agitations growing out of the change, attempted and accom
plished, in the administration of the federal government.
The greater portion of the people, attached to the memories
and traditions of the Revolution, adhered to the Federalists ;
while a respectable minority, of whom Abraham Clark, the
Signer, had been a distinguished leader, and of which the
N. J. Journal was a powerful advocate, were known as Re
publicans, or Democrats. The latter sympathized deeply
with the French Democracy, and were often spoken of as the
French party. The accession of Mr. Jefferson to the Presi
dential chair, March 4, 1801, was the occasion of great re
joicings in this town, on the part of his political friends.
Party-spirit ran high, and bitter animosities were created
among neighbors and in the same family.*
Record is made in the annals of this town, of a pleasant
incident that occurred on the following Fourth of July,
*N. J. Journal, No. 907.

g£g THE HISTORY OF
adapted to keep alive the spirit of gallantry and martial
glory :—
On Saturday, Miss Susan Williamson and Miss Abigail Hatfield pre
sented to the 4th regiment commanded by Col. Crane a superb standard,
ornamented with a spread eagle on one side, and the arms of New Jersey
on the other. *
A few years later, the town', in common with the whole
county, was greatly excited on the question of locating the
new County Court House, The County Courts had, from
an early period, been held at Newark. The Court House,
built originally for the Presbyterian church, 1708-13, had
long been deemed insecure and otherwise unfit for occupa
tion. It had been repeatedly presented as a nuisance, and
a new building called for. The Board of Freeholders re
fused both to repair and rebuild. Newark was regarded as
too far north and east, — a more southern or western location
was demanded by the lower towns. A law was passed by
the Legislature, November 5, 1806, by which the question
of determining the site of the new Court House for Essex
Co. was to be submitted to the Electors of the County, on
the second Tuesday and Wednesday of February, 1807, a
previous nomination of places to be voted for having been
made. Eleven nominations were made. The choice, how
ever, by common consent, was to be between the old loca
tion at Newark, and Day's Hill, near Camptown, north of
the turnpike from Newark to Springfield — the land being
owned by Jonathan Day.
To such an extent was the rivalry carried on this occasion,
that nothing was left undone to secure a majority of votes.
The old Constitution provided, that
All inhabitants of this Colony, of full age, who are worth fifty pounds
proclamation money, clear estate in the same, and have resided within
the county in which they claim a vote, for 12 months immediately
preceding the election, shall be entitled (to vote,) &c.
This was construed literally, as admitting all persons,
male and female, white or colored, having otherwise the
* N. J. Journal, No. 925.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 649
proper qualifications, to the privilege of voting. When, in
1797, John Condit, of Newark, and William Crane, of
E. Town, were rival candidates for the Legislative Council,
seventy-five women voters were polled in this town for
Mr. Crane ; but Mr. Condit was elected. In the Presidential
canvass of 1800, the partisans of John Adams and Thomas
Jefferson availed themselves alike of this provision ; and
females, especially where the Society of Friends were in
strength, voted in considerable numbers throughout the
State. The precedent was sustained, year • by year. ' At
first only single women voted ; afterwards, married women,
also ; colored, as well as white. In Hunterdon Co., a citizen
was chosen to the Legislature, by a majority of two or three
votes, and these were cast by colored females.
The political agitation in the winter of 1806-7 affected
thus every class in the community, and both sexes. The
two rival weeklies of this town and Newark entered warmly
into the canvass. A correspondent of the Newark Sentinel,
" Manlius," under date of Jan. 27, 1807, indulges in the fol
lowing strain of gossip : —
It has been said that the people of Newark opposed the establishing a
ferry some years since, from Elizabethtown Point to Bergen Point ; and
since that, the erecting of bridges from and to those Points.* ... So far
as the opposition arising from Newark, the facts are the reverse. Newark
had their ferry established, and stages running from New York to Phila
delphia daily passing them. ; the Elizabethtown people started the opposi
tion, and persuaded the then proprietor of the line stage to join them,
cross their ferry and leave Newark ; finding this to be the case, the peo
ple of Newark for self-preservation established a new line of Stages, run
them through Newark, and by that means defeated the Elizabeth plan, to
the injury and ruin of the first stage proprietor, who had been deluded
by them. So when the people of Elizabeth strove to get a law author
izing the building of a bridge across Newark Bay, the people of Newark,
with the northern part of the county opposed it, because it would deprive
Newark of the travelling between N. Y. and Phila. ; and because it would
obstruct the navigation of Newark Bay, Hackensack and Passaick rivers,
* A writer In the Sentinel, in July, 1848, makes this comment on the above project
"Elizabethtown must have been a place of remarkable enterprise, at that time, to entertain
the idea of so stupendous an undertaking." Little did he dream that the undertaking would
ever be, as lt has been for years, an accomplished fact.

650 THE HISTORY OF
the convenience of which greatly interested Orange, Caldwell, Acquac-
kanonk, as well as Newark.
Elizabethtown people were charged with envy at the in
creasing prosperity of Newark, and with a design of drawing
away its trade and travel. When the days for deciding the
contest arrived, Feb. 10, and 11, the excitement was intense.
Everybody that could possibly claim to vote was brought to
the polls — not males only, but females, also, both white and
colored. It was charged that not a few of these, by change
of dress, voted more than once ; and this whether worth £50,
or not. The population of the county was computed to be
22,139. Never before had more than 4,500 votes been cast
in the county, at any one election. On this occasion the
votes polled were 13,857 — more than half of the whole popu
lation. So glaring were the frauds practised, and so profli
gate the corruption, that the Election was set aside by the
Legislature, Nov. 28, 1807, and the law authorizing it annul
led. The qualifications of voters, also, were more strictly de
fined, and none but free white male citizens, of 21 years,
worth £50, henceforward allowed the elective franchise.
The following occurrence belongs, also, to the year 1807 : —
Elizabethtown, October 13. — Cornelius Hatfield, an obnoxious refugee
character, who came here a short time since from England, via Nova
Scotia, to possess a valuable landed estate left him by his father, was ap
prehended by the civil authority last week, and conveyed to Newark
gaol, on a charge of being a principal in the brutal murder of Stephen
Ball, a citizen of this state, during our revolutionary war, who went
into the British lines under assurances of protection ; and, on Thursday
last [8th], was brought before judge Pennington on a writ of habeas cor
pus. Aaron Ogden, Isaac H. Williamson, and William Chetwood, Esqrs.,
appeared on the part of the culprit;, and Alexander C. McWhorter, Wil
liam Halsey, and Elias Van Arsdol, Esqrs., on the part of the prosecution,
when, after a patient hearing of the argument on both sides until yester
day, the judge discharged Hatfield, being of opinion, by the spirit of
the treaty of 1783, he was not now answerable for that transaction ; but
we hear that the friends of Ball are still determined to prosecute him be
fore another tribunal.
In January, 1789, his associate, John Smith Hatfield, had
been arrested on the same charge, and brought before a

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 651
magistrate at Bergen, N. J., on a writ of habeas corpus.
After the hearing of the evidence, the Judge, looking upon
it as a case involved in the Treaty of Peace, concluded to
refer it to the judgment of the Court, and remanded the pri
soner to the same Newark jail, "where he had nearly lost
his life by his debaucheries." At the meeting of the Court in
August, the case was adjourned on account of the absence
of the witnesses, and the prisoner admitted to bail. He fled
the country, and the recognizances were virtually discharged.
Of these proceedings, Mr. Hammond, the British Minister,
in a letter, March 5, 1792, to Thomas Jefferson, Seer, of
State, made complaint, as an infraction of the Treaty of
Peace. Mr. Jefferson sought to justify the procedure, by
recapitulating the facts, as stated in a letter from Mr. Boudi
not, April 11, 1792. The case was never finally issued. Capt.
Cornelius returned to England, where he died at an advanced
age — a loyalist, of course, to the end.*
One of the most venerated citizens of the town,
GEN. ELIAS DAYTON,
was, October 22, 1807, called to his rest. He was the son of
Jonathan, and born, in this town, in 1737. He entered the
Military service of the Province as a Lieutenant, March 19,
1759, and was made Captain, March 29, 1760, serving with
the British Troops in the French War on the frontiers. In
1764, he conducted a successful expedition against the In
dians, near Detroit, of which he has left a journal, commen
cing with April 30, and ending with Sept. 15, 1764. He took
an active and patriotic part in the measures that led to the
Declaration of Independence. As Colonel of militia, he had
command of the E. T. Volunteers who captured, Jan. 23,
1776, the Blue Mountain Valley. Feb. 9, 1776, he was com
missioned as Colonel of the Third N. J. Regiment of Regu-
* Brown's Am. Eegister, II. 828-4. Am. State Papers, I. For. Eelations, 1 : 282. " Eliza
bethtown, Jan. 7. 1789. Last evening -was brought to this town, under an escort from New
York, where he -was apprehended, Smith Hetfield and this morning -was sent off to Newark,
to be entered on board the standfast, Capt. Gifford, there to remain (in a region as dreary as
the one he came from, viz. Nova Scotia) until he takes his trial for his offences against the
good people of this state, which are said to be of an enormous nature." N. J. Journal ,
No. 278.

652 .THE HISTORY OFj: -,y. -Af?S
lars, and took part with his regiment in the defense of
Ticonderoga. His gallant conduct through the war has been
already related. On the. resignation of Gen. Maxwell, July
20, 1780, he was put in command of the N. J. Brigade. He
took part in the affairs of Brandywine, Germantown, Mon
mouth, and Yorktown, and accompanied Gen. Sullivan, in
1779, on his Western Expedition. He was commissioned as
a Brigadier General, Jan. 8, 1783 ; and, June 5, 1793, as a
Maj. General of the Second Division of N. J. Militia.
In 1779, he was chosen a member of Congress, and de
clined, but was a Delegate in 1787-8. He was, for several
years a member of the N. J. Legislature. He would have
been appointed to the TJ. S. Constitutional Convention in
1787, but declined in favor of his son Jonathan. He was
frequently appointed to office in his native town, as a mem
ber and President of the Board of Trustees, for many years,
of the Presb. chh. ; as a member of the corporation ; and,
from 1796 to 1805, with the exception of a single year, as
Mayor of the Borough. He was the first President of the
Cincinnati of N. Jersey. In person and bearing he strongly
resembled Gen. Washington.
He died of gout in the stomach, and, on Saturday, 24th,
The corpse was removed to the Presbyterian Church, where a funeral
sermon was preached by the Kev. John McDowell, from Joshua, 23 : 14
— " And behold this day I am going the way of all the earth." The assem
blage of citizens was more numerous than we ever knew on the like oc
casion in this town. Military honors were performed. The whole pro
ceedings were marked with uncommon solemnity, and evinced the
unfeigned affliction felt by all classes of citizens. In this solemn dispen
sation of Providence, we behold the uncertainty of sublunary things, a
fellow-mortal, in health in the evening, and a corpse before the next ris
ing sun.
Both before and after the revolutionary war he was suc
cessfully engaged in mercantile pursuits, part of the time
alone, and afterwards as " Elias Dayton & Son.*
The Court House of the Borough, which had risen on the
* Bcrrian's Memorial of A. O. Dayton, Esq., pp. 4-6. N. J. Journal, No. 1252. Brown's
Am. Eeglstor, II. 76 b, Murray's Notes, pp. 84-6. Allen's Am. Blog. Diot. Appleton's Am.
Cyclopaedia,

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 653
ruins of that burned during the revolutionary war, and which
had been occupied only about eleven years, was reduced to
ashes, Ap. 26, 1808, and a poor lunatic, Andrew Ross, per
ished in the flames. Moses Austin, High-Constable of the
town, had been the occupant and keeper of the house for
several years. Measures were immediately taken by the
Corporation for its reconstruction. Aldermen Thaddeus
Mills and Richardson Gray, with the Recorder, Andrew
Wilson, were appointed a building committee, and means
taken to obtain the needed funds. A year passed and the
work was not done. Capt. Wm. Dayton, of the Council, was
substituted on the Committee for Mr. Wilson. It was not
until the winter of 1810-11, that the building was in a con
dition to be occupied. Portions of it were left unfinished
for years.*
But little attention had thus far been given to the condi
tion of the streets. Overseers of highways had been appoint
ed by the town from a very early day, roads had been laid
out, and' the road-ways kept in passable condition. But in
the town plot, no statute regulations had been made for foot
paths, side-walks, and similar conveniences. A committee
was, at length, appointed, Ap. 24, 1810,
To report an Ordinance for the appointment, of a Street Commissioner
& regulate the laying out, Paving, Gravelling & keeping in repair the
side walks or foot-ways in the principal Streets of Elizabeth Town and
to prevent obstructions in the same.
Care was taken by the Corporation for the proper obser
vance of the Sabbath-Day. Ap. ' 24, 1812, a Committee was
appointed, To examine the State Law for the suppression of Vice and immorality,
& to report by law, or otherwise, to this body, whether ways & means
cannot be devised to suppress the profanation of the Sabbath day.
A large and enthusiastic meeting of the citizens of the
borough (Aaron Lane, Chairman, and Isaac Crane, Secretary),
was held on Wednesday, Dec. 29, 1813, at which a vigorous
determination was expressed,, in the form of Resolutions, to
" * N. J. Journal, No. 1278. Corporation Book.

654 THE HISTORY OF
suppress by all lawful means, the growing profanation of the
Lord's Day.*
An eventful change in the facilities for traveling was now
inaugurated. From the founding of the town, intercourse
by water with the City of New York had been kept up, with
considerable regularity, mostly from the Point, at the mouth
of the Creek. Dankers and Sluyter, as already related,
found there, in 1679, a tavern, or ferry-house, kept by a
French Papist. This must have been one of the men from
the Isle of Jersey, brought over by Gov. Carteret. Frequent
reference is made in various documents to this ancient ferry.
Several of the planters and of their descendants had, also,
boats running from various landings on the Sound and the
Creek, to Staten Island, and New York. Constant inter
course was thus maintained with the great emporium of trade,
until and after the revolutionary war.
The boats employed in this traffic were propelled, as a
matter of course by sails and oars. The barge, the yawl,
the scow, the skiff, the yacht, the sloop, the schooner, the
pettiauger [petiagua ?], were all employed. After the revo
lution, in 1790, the ferry came into possession of Edward
Thomas, and was known by the name of Thomas's Ferry.
Casualties were not of infrequent occurrence. One of the
E. Town ferry-boats upset, near Bergen Point, on Saturday,
Nov. 10, 1798, and Benjamin Bonnel, James Carter and wife
of Chatham ; David P. Tuttle of Morris Co. ; the wife of
Daniel Moore, of Rahway ; the wife of Ezekiel Smith, of
Scotch Plains ; Mrs. Abigail Maxwell and child, of New
York ; and Mr. Hedges, of Turkey, were drowned. f
In August, 1807, Livingston and Fulton succeeded in their
experiment of steam navigation, and the " Clermont " be
came a regular packet between New York and Albany, her
name being changed, when enlarged the next year, to the
" North River." An exclusive right to navigate the waters
of New York by steam had been obtained by Chancellor
Livingston and Robert Fulton, by Act of the N. York Legis
lature, Ap. 5, 1803, and extended, Ap. 11, 1808. The right
* Corporation Book. N. J. Journal, No. 1604. t N. J. Journal, No. 7S7.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 655
to run a steam packet from New York to New Brunswick,
N. J., was, in 1808, conveyed to John R. and Robert J. Liv
ingston ; who thereupon built the steamer " Raritan," 130
by 20 feet, and put her on the route.
The ferry at the Old Point had, some years before, passed
into the hands of Col. Aaeon Ogden, one of the honored ci
vilians of the town. He was the son of the Hon. Robert
Ogden, and was born, Dec. 3, 1756. He graduated at the
College of New Jersey, in 1773, joined the Army in 1777,
served with distinction during the war, and, at its close, en
gaged in the practice of law. In November, 1796, he was
chosen one of the Presidential Electors of N. Jersey, and,
February 28, 1S01, he was appointed to the U. States Senate
to fill a vacancy of two years. The owners of the " Raritan "
agreed with Col. Ogden, for the privilege of receiving and
landing passengers at E. T. Point, to give him for every pas
senger what he would have received as profit in his own
boats. The " Raritan " thus became the first boat that con
nected this town with New York by steam.
Not content, however, with this arrangement, Col. Ogden,
early in 1811, contracted with Cornelius Jerolaman, of North
Belleville, N. J., a boat-builder, to construct a vessel of 14 ft.
beam and 75 ft. keel, of the form of a pettiauger ; and with
Daniel Dod, of Mendham, N. J., (who, in consequence, re
moved at the time to this town), to furnish the boat with a
steam engine of 12 horse power. In the mean time, Col.
Ogden was chosen, by the Legislature, Oct. 29, 1812, to suc
ceed the Hon. Joseph Bloomfield, as Governor of the State
of New Jersey ; and, Feb. 27, 1813, he was appointed by-
President Madison, one of the six Major Generals, provided
for, Feb. 24, by Act of Congress.
Before, however, Ogden's boat, the "Sea Horse," had been
completed, an Act was passed, Ap. 9, 1811, by the N. York
Legislature, by which it was put in the power of the Liv
ingstons to seize any steamboat that should be found infring
ing on their monopoly. An Act had, also, been passed, Jan.
25, 1811, by the Legislature of New Jersey, " for the protec
tion of steamboats owned and navigated by citizens of this

656 THE HISTORY OF
State." For the more effectual enforcement of this Act, and
to counteract the New York law of 1811, another Act was
passed by the Legislature of New Jersey, Feb. 12, 1813.
Ogden had designed running his boat to New York, where
he had obtained the lease of a wharf where his sailing boats
were moored. In order, however, to avoid the seizure of his
steamboat, he determined to run her to Jersey City. It was
publicly announced, May 18, 1813, that " An elegant STEAM
BOAT has been also provided to run between Elizabeth
Town Point and Paulus Hook. Fare 4s. At 9 A. M. and 2
P. M. from the Point, and at 11. 30 A. M. and 4. 30 P. M.
from Paulus Hook."
The fare was reduced, June 22d, to 3/6. The boat was
taken off, Nov. 23d, and laid up for the winter. The next
summer it was announced, June 21, 1814, that the " Steam
boat Sea Horse will run to Jersey City, and meet at Bed-
low's Island the Team boat Substitution." In the mean time,
the Legislature of New Jersey had granted, by Act passed,
Nov. 3, 1813, " To Aaron Ogden and Daniel Dod, and the
survivors and their assigns, an exclusive right to navigate
steamboats in the waters of this State."
The Livingstons, thus excluded from the waters of New
Jersey, and in danger of losing the " Raritan," which had
cost them $26,000, presented a Memorial and Petition to the
Legislature of New Jersey, Oct. 1814, giving their repre
sentation of the case, and asking to be heard by counsel.
Ogden and Dod presented a Counter-Memorial, also asking
to be heard. Leave was accordingly granted, and the ex
clusive attention of the Legislature was given to the case,
Jan. 2-4-9, 1815. Thomas Addis Emmet appeared as counsel
for the Livingstons ; Ogden appeared in his own behalf, as
sisted by Mr. Hopkinson of Philadelphia, and Samuel L.
Southard of New Jersey. In consequence, tho Act, grant
ing to Ogden and Dod a monopoly of steam navigation in
New Jersey, was repealed.
The Old Point Ferry property was now owned conjointly
by Ogden and Thomas Gibbons. The latter was a wealthy
planter of Savannah, Geo., who had a handsome country seat

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 657
in town, on the Philadelphia turnpike road. Here he spent
his summers and autumns. Ogden had leased of Gibbons
his interest in the Point property, for a term of years which
had nearly expired. Gibbons refused to renew the lease, but
proposed to run the ferry in partnership. They differed
about the terms. Gibbons determined to start an opposition
line. He fitted up another landing at the mouth of the
Creek, procured the steamers " Stowdinger " and " Bellona,"
and established a hew ferry. Of the latter vessel the well-
known millionaire, Cornelius Vanderbilt, was then Captain.
This, it is thought, was the beginning of his great fortune.
Gov. Ogden, thereupon, purchased, May 5, 1815, of the
Livingstons, for a period of ten years, the exclusive right of
steam navigation between the Point and New York, and so
became himself a monopolist. The "Sea Horse" was an
nounced, April 3, 1815, to run directly to New York.
Gibbons, taking advantage of a licensed ferry from the
Quarantine station on Staten Island to New York, ran
in connection with that ferry, exchanging passengers in
the bay, at the mouth of "the Kills." Subsequently he
purchased of Daniel D. Tompkins and Noah Brown certain
rights, which emboldened him to run his boats directly to
New York.
Gov. Ogden, who, in March 1817, had put the new steamer
" Atalanta " on the route, obtained, from the Chancellor of
New York, an injunction against Gibbons. A motion to dis
solve the injunction was denied. An appeal was taken to
the Court of Errors, but was not sustained. Gibbons then
carried the case to the Supreme Court of the United States,
when, at the February term in 1824, the Acts of the N. Y.
Legislature, granting a monopoly of the right of steam navi
gation, in the waters of said State, were declared to be re
pugnant to the Constitution of the United States, and there
fore null and void. The injunction was dissolved, and Steam
Navigation opened to the competition of all the world — an
event of untold and incalculable importance to the commerce
and prosperity of the United States. The town, whose rival
. citizens were thus bringing to a final issue a question of such
42

658 THE HISTORY OF
momentous consequence, was greatly interested in the con
test, siding with the one or the other, as interest or convic
tion determined, and thus forming themselves into opposing
parties throughout the contest.*
Daniel Dod, Ihe partner of Gov. Ogden, had been bred
a clock and watchmaker. He was born, Sept. 8, 1778, and
was a descendant of Daniel Dod, of Branford, Ct., whose
son, Daniel, was one of the early colonists of Newark, N. J.
The name of Daniel, the son of Daniel, 3V.; frequently ap
pears attached, as surveyor, to the old records from 1730 to
1740. The E. Town Daniel was a descendant 'of Stephen,
of Guilford, 3d son of Daniel, of Branford. His father was
Lebbeus, brother of Rev. Thaddeus of W. Pennsylvania.
Mr. Dod, after his removal to this town, became celebrated
for the manufactory of machinery, especially for steamers.
He furnished engines for boats at Kingston, Can., Sackett's
Harbor, N. Y., Philadelphia, Norfolk, Va., Mobile and New
Orleans ; also, for the " Savannah," the first 6teamer that
crossed the ocean to England. " He was morover a sort of
universal genius, — was a profound and accurate theologian,
wrote poetry, and could scarcely turn his hand to anything
in which he was not quickly at home."
Gov. Ogden failed, involving him and others in the finan
cial ruin, and compelling Mr. Dod's removal to N. Y., in
1820. He was killed by the bursting of the boiler of the
" Patent," on the East River, N. Y., May 9, 1823. His son,
the Rev. Albert Baldwin Dod, D.D., was Prof, of Mathe
matics in the College of N. J. f
In common with all other portions of the land, this town
was deeply agitated by the occurrences and measures that
led to the War of 1812. The same political differences of
opinion as to the wisdom and necessity of those measures
prevailed here as elsewhere. The N. J. Journal, having
early espoused the views and doctrines of the Republican, or
* N. J. Journal, No. 2886. Proceedings of N. J. His. Soe., IX. 118-184. Gov. Ogden died,
at Jersey City, April 19, 1889, set. 83, and his remains were buried here, with civio and mili
tary honors, on Monday, 22-.1. He was honored, in 1816, by his Alma Mater, with the degree
of LL. D.
t N. J. Hist. Soe. Proc, IX , 134. Genealogy of the Dod Family. Sprague's Annals, IV. 737.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 659
Anti-Federalist, party, had ever sympathized with the Galil
ean, in opposition to the Anglican, theories of government.
The Federalists, from having been the great majority, had
become a minority of the town, reckoning, however, as their
adherents, the greater part of the families of consideration.
These last greatly deprecated the war, as did, also, the pas
tors of the two principal churches, Rev. Messrs. McDowell
and Rudd. Troops were quartered here in barracks, and
quite a number of the young men of the town entered the
army and the navy, some of whom distinguished themselves
in the service of their country. But the people held them
selves, for the most part, aloof, prosecuting their accustomed
avocations as usual.
Owing to the suspension of specie payments consequent
upon the war, an ordinance was passed by the Corporation,
Sep. 13, 1814,
To raise the sum of twenty five hundred dollars in corporation tickets
for small change viz. any number not exceeding 2000 of 25 cents each,
4000 of 12i cents, 2250 of 9 cents, 8000 of 6 cents, 16000 of 3 cents and
16375 of two cents each — under the direction, inspection and manage
ment of Mr. Lane, Mr. Ballard and Doctr. Morse a committee for that
purpose.* Thus the era of " shinplasters " was introduced by law, as
it had been previously introduced by individuals on their
private responsibility. At a later date, Nov. 26, 1818, — ¦
The Committee appointed to redeem cpunt & destroy the corporation
tickets — made report That they have attended to the business and have
counted and destroyed to the amount of two thousand two hundred &
sixty seven y7^ Dollars for which they have given the chamberlain re
ceipts at sundry dates.t
Nowhere was the announcement of Peace hailed with
more delight than here. The people were heartily tired of
the war, federals and democrats alike. The British sloop-of-
war, Favorite, reached the city of New York, under a flag
of truce, Feb. 11, 1815, with the glad tidings of the conclu
sion of a Treaty of Peace between the United States and
Great Britain. * Corporation Book. , t Ibid.

660 THE HISTORY OF
Tidings of the happy event reached the town on Sunday,
12th, just after the morning service. In the P. M. it was
announced from the pulpits of the churches, and thanks
givings offered by a grateful people to Almighty God. The
sanctity of the day forbade any noisy out-door demonstrations.
These were reserved for the final ratification by Congress.
This was effected without delay. The treaty was received at
Washington on Thursday, and unanimously ratified on Friday,
the 17th. The N. J. Journal of Tuesday, the 21st, thus
speaks : —
Yesterday, at eleven o'clock the Treaty of Peace and Amity between
the United States and Great Britain, was received in this town — at two
o'clock the citizens assembled in the Presbyterian Church, and united in
offering thanks to a kind Providence for this joyful event. A short ad
dress was delivered by the Eev. John McDowell— at 3 o'clock a federal
salute of 18 guns was fired — after which, the bells were rung for an
hour. In the evening there was a splendid illumination. Several of the
houses particularly were illuminated with taste, and exhibited transpar
encies, emblematical of the joyful occasion, which, considering the short
notice, did great credit to their owners.
Among those who had passed away during the war men
tion should be named of
GEN. WILLIAM CRANE.
He was the son of the Hon. Stephen Crane, a sterling pa
triot of the Revolution. The father was the son of Daniel,
and grandson of Stephen Crane, the planter, both of this
town. William was born in 1748, and, being in the full vigor of
his early manhood at the beginning of the revolutionary
war, at once espoused his country's cause, and, in common
with several of his townsmen, attached himself, as Lieuten
ant of an Artillery Company, to the Canada Expedition, un
der Montgomery. At the time that his commander fell be
fore Quebec, Dec. 31, 1775, Crane received a bomb-shell
wound in one of his ankles, from which he suffered until his
death, nearly 40 years afterwards. As Major of Militia, the
6tory of his capture, Mar. 3, 1783, of the armed ship Eagle
and the sloop Katy, within pistol-shot of the battery of New

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 661
York, has been told on page 512. For these acts of bravery,
he was promoted, after the war, to a brigadier-ship of militia.
He was appointed, in 1807, Deputy Mayor of the Borough,
and was a Trustee of the Presb. church from 1807, until his
death. The N. J. Journal, of July 12, 1814, has this notice : —
Died, on Saturday last [9th], Gen. William Crane, in the 67th year of
his age. In the year of 1775, Gen. Crane entered the Continental Ser
vice — and at the reduction of St. John's or Montreal, received a wound
in his leg, which never was cured ; and for some years past he suffered
much from it. About seventeen months since, his leg was amputated
with flattering prospects — but that last resort had been too long deferred,
and he fell a victim to the incurable wound. Gen. Crane's character as
a soldier and citizen stood preeminent — and he lived beloved, and died
lamented. His funeral was attended, on Sunday, by a vast concourse of
people from this and the neighboring parishes, who testified his worth as
a MAN. At the close of the war, the distinguished military chief
tain L.-GENERAL WINFIELD SCOTT,
whose wife, Maria Mayo, was connected with several of the
principal families of this town, took up his residence here, in
the well-known mansion that was then known as the Mayo
place, but previously had been the residence of Dr. Wm.
Barnet. During a great part of his subsequent life, when
not in active service in the field, he found here a quiet and
pleasant home, greatly honored of his fellow-citizens. The
particulars of his eventful life have been too minutely given
in current histories, and are too widely known, to need more
than this passing notice.
Among the most useful and honored of the citizens of this
town, whose death occurred during the period now under re
view, was
JEREMIAH BALLARD, ESQ:
He was born in 1748, and became, at an early period of
his life, a resident of this town. In the later years of the
revolutionary war, he was a Captain in the Third New Jer
sey Regiment. In 1796, he was chosen Recorder of the
Borough, and, in 1801, Deputy Mayor. In 1788, he

662

THE HISTORY OF

became a member of the First Presbyterian church, and,
in 1807, one of its Trustees, of whom he was chosen
President in 1813. He was the Vice President -of the
Cincinnati of New Jersey, and a leading member of various
other institutions in the town. At the time of his decease, he
was also the Mayor of the Borough. He died on Wednes
day, Sept. 4, 1823, set. 75. All classes of the community
gathered, in large numbers? on the following day, to attend
his funeral, in the Presb. church, when a sermon was
preached by his pastor, Rev. Dr. McDowell, from Acts xi.
24; " For he1 was a good man." At a meeting of the Cor
poration, the day after, the following testimonial to his emi
nent worth was put on record :
While the Members of tliis Corporation, in common with their fellow-
Citizens of this Borough deeply lament the death of their late worthy
chief Magistrate, Jeremiah Ballard, Esqr, they think it due to his mem
ory to express their sentiments of his public character & private worth.
To detail the particulars of a long and useful life, tbey do not feel
themselves called upon, but they believe they give a faithful though brief
summary of it when they say —
As a Soldier, he was brave, humane and generous ;
As a Magistrate, he was upright, intelligent and faithful ;
As a Citizen, he was public-spirited and highly useful ;
As Presiding officer of this Corporation he was courteous dignified &
impartial ;
As a Christian, he was Charitable & zealous, but unostentatious.
He displayed the graces of the religion he professed in life, & he
felt its support and consolation in death.
Thus lived and died the worthy Chief Magistrate of onr Borough,
who ranked (if not among the greatest) yet among the best of men.
Therefore, Eesolved, that the members of this- corporation feel &
sincerely deplore his loss, and as a mark of respect to his memory,
they will wear the usual badge of mourning for thirty days.*
Among the pall-bearers on the occasion of Judge Ballard's
funeral, and one who, not long after, followed him to the
world of spirits, was the '
HON. JONATHAN DAYTON, LL.D.
He was the son of Gen. Elias Dayton, and was born, in
this town, Oct. 16, 1760. He graduated at the College of
* Ms. Diary of Elder Isaao Crane. N Borough Eecords.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 663
New Jersey in 1776 ; entered the Army in 1778, as a Pay
master ; accompanied, in 1779, Gen. Sullivan, on his Western
Expedition ; and, in 1780, was a Captain in his father's
regiment. After the Peace, he was chosen to the Legisla
ture of New Jersey, of which he was Speaker in 1790. He
represented his native State in the Convention (1787) for
the formation of the Federal Constitution, and, in 1791, was
elected to Congress. Thrice he was reelected, serving four
terms in the House, of which he was Speaker from 1795 to
1799. He was chosen Senator of the United States and
served from 1799 to 1805. He was appointed, by Pres.
Adams, a Brig. -General, with the privilege of retaining his
seat in the Senate.
He became largely interested with Symmes and others in
the purchase and settlement of western military lands, the
town of Dayton, in Ohio, being named in compliment to him.
His early intimacy, in boyhood, with Aaron Burr, and his
later association with him in the Senate of the U. S., led him
to look, with more favor than prudence would have dictated,
upon the schemes of that aspiring and crafty politician ; so
that, by advancing money to aid Burr in his adventures, he
became compromised with him in the charge of treason.
The indictment, however, was .not tried, and Mr. Dayton's
bail was released. This unhappy affair, and the breaking up
of the federal party, of which he was a leader, put an end to
Mr. Dayton's political aspirations. He was subsequently
\ elected repeatedly to the Council of the N. J. Legislature,
and held several important offices in his native town. He
received, in 1798, from his Alma Mater, the Honorary De
gree of Doctor of Laws. His later days' were passed at home,
in the enjoyment of a comfortable competence, respected and
venerated by his townsmen, and honored by all who knew
him. He died, Oct. 9, 1824.*
To these must be added the name of the
HON. ISAAC HALSTED WILLIAMSON, LL.D.
He was the youngest son of General Matthias Williamson
* Appleton's Am. Cyclopedia. Allen's Am. Biog. Diet.

664 THE HISTORY OF
and Susannah Halsted. His grandfather, William, the first
of the name in this town, died, January 10, 173£ ; and his
widow, Margaret, a daughter of Capt. Matthias De Hart, was
married subsequently to Wm. Chetwood, Esq. ; and, at his
death, to a Mr. Johnston. Gen. Matthias had five sons,
William, Matthias, Jacob, Benjamin, and Isaac H. The last
was born, Sept. 27, 1768. His childhood and youth were
passed amid the exciting scenes of the Revolution. He
studied law with his elder brother Matthias, and was admitted
to the bar, as an attorney, in 1791, and as a counselor in 1796,
opening his office in his native town, where he continued his
residence until his death.
In 1795, he became, and for many years continued, a mem
ber of the Borough Corporation. Gradually he rose to oc
cupy one of the first places at the bar of his native State. In
1816, he was chosen to the Assembly, and, while serving in
that capacity, he was chosen, Feb. 1817, Governor and Chan
cellor of the State, continuing to hold these high offices, by
successive annual elections, until 1829, when he returned to
the bar. In 1831, and 1832, he was a member of the State
Council. For four years, 1830-3, he served as Mayor of the
Borough, after which, though solicited to accept again the
governorship, he declined all public office, except in the last
year of his life. Being elected to the Constitutional Conven
tion, that met, May 14, 1844, at Trenton, he was unanimously
chosen their presiding'officer. After an illness of eighteen
months, borne with the utmost resignation and cheerfulness,
he departed this life, on Wednesday, July 10, 1 844, univer
sally lamented, as he had been universally honored and be
loved. His remains were buried in the ancestral vault, with
distinguished respect.
The N. Jersey bar said of him,
The State mourns his loss. In all the relations of life, puhlio and pri
vate, he has bequeathed to his oountrymen an illustrious example. As a
friend he was faithful and sincere ; as a statesman, enlightened and patri
otic ; as a judge profoundly learned, incorruptibly pure, inflexibly just.
The inimitable simplicity of his charaoter, the artlessness of his life,* the
warmth and purity of his affections endeared him to the circle of his

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 665
friends ; his high and varied attainments command the respect of his as
sociates. His long and eminent public services, his dignified and enlight
ened and impartial administration of justice demand the gratitude of his
fellow-citizens and of posterity.
Similar testimonials were passed by the Wardens and Ves
try of St. John's Church, of which, from early life, he had
been an exemplary member, and for many years the Senior
Warden. He married, Aug. 6, 1808, Anne Crossdale, a daughter of
Rev. Cavalier Jouet (by his second wife, Mary Hampton),
and had two sons, — the Hon. Benjamin (Ex-Chancellor), and
Isaac Halsted, Esq.*
* O. S. Halsted's commemorative Address. Corporation Eecords. Parish Begister &
Becords of St. John's. New Jersey Journal.

666

THE HISTORY OF

CHAPTER XXXI.
A. D. 1804-1868.
Ecclesiastical — First Presb. Chh. — Rev. John McDowell, D.D. — Rev. Nicho
las Murray, D.D- — Rev. E. Kempshall — Second Presb. Chh. — Rev. David
Magie, D.D. — Rev. Wm. C. Roberta — Third Presb. Chb. — Rev. Robert
Aikman — Fourth Pres. Chh., Elizabethport — Rev. Abm. Brown — Rev.
Oliver S. St. John — Rev. Edwin H. Reinhart — Westminster Presb. Chh. —
Siloam Presb. Chh. — Rev. John C. Rudd, D.D. — Rev. Smith Pyne— Rev.
Birdseye G. Noble — Rev. Richd. C.Moore — Rev. Samuel A. Clark — New
St. John's — Chapel — Grace Chh. — Rev. David Clarkson — Rev. Clarkson
Dunn — Christ Chh. — Rev. Eugene A. Hoffman, D.D. — Rev. Stevens Parker
— Trinity Chh. — Rev. Daniel F. Warren, D.D. — First Baptist Chh. — Rev.
George W. Clark — Broad St. Baptist Chh. — Rev. D. Henry Miller, D.D.—
Congregational Chh. — Rev. John M. Wolcott — Rom. Cath. Chhs. — Mora
vian Chh. — Rev. Christian Neu — Lutheran Chh. — Swedenborgians.
Aftee the removal of Mr. Kollock, in December, 1803,
the First Presbyterian church remained without a pastor for
several months. The pulpit was supplied, as already related,
until April, by Mr. Austin, and, afterwards, until July, by
occasional supplies. On the 29th of July, 1804, the congre
gation voted a unanimous call to the
rev. john Mcdowell,
a Licentiate of the Presbytery of New Brunswick. The
call was presented, Aug. 21, and he was duly installed,
Wednesday, Dec. 26, 1804, at 11 o'clock A. M. ; on which
occasion, the Rev. Dr. McWhorter, of Newark, presided,
offered the ordaining prayer, and gave the charge to the min
ister ; the Rev. Amzi Armstrong, of Mendham, preached
from Titus i. 5 ; and the Rev. Edward D. Griffin, of Newark,
gave the exhortation to the people.*
* Eecords of Presb. of N. Y.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 667
He was the son of Matthew, whose father, Ephraim Mc
Dowell, migrated from the North of Ireland, about 1746,
where his ancestors, fleeing from persecution in Scotland,
during the previous century, had found an asylum. Ephraim
purchased a tract of 400 acres of wild land on the western
borders of Somerset Co*, N.' J^, in what has since been known
as the village of Lamington, about 10 miles N. W. of Som-
erville. Here Matthew ¦ McDowell was born, in 1748, and
bred a farmer. He married Elizabeth Anderson, whose
parents, also, were from the North of Ireland. Both were
exemplary members of the Presbyterian church of Laming
ton. Their son, John, was born, Sept. 10, 1780, and brought
up on the paternal farm.
At the age of eleven years, he experienced religion, and,.
at fifteen, he entered upon a course of study for the minis
try, under the instructions of Rev. William Boyd, then
teaching in the neighborhood. In 1799, he entered the
junior class of the College of New Jersey, at Princeton,
graduating, with honor, in 1801, in the same class with
Nicholas Biddle, afterwards the distinguished financier. He
studied theology under the direction, first, of the Rev. Hol-
loway W. Hunt, of Newton, N. J., and then of the Rev.
John Woodhull, D.D., of Freehold, N. J. At the latter
place he professed religion, in September, 1802. He was
licensed, Ap. 25, 1804, by the Presbytery of Brunswick^ at
their meeting in Baskingridge. He ;.was providentially
directed to this town, and preached his first sermon here on
the first Sabbath of July. A few weeks after his installation,
he married, Feb. 5, 1805, Henrietta, daughter of Shepard
Kollock, and sister of his predecessor in the pastoral office.
In the faithful and laborious discharge of the duties of his
office, as pastor of the First Presb. church of this town, he
continued, for a period of twenty-eight and a half years,
greatly favored of God and honored of man. The attend
ance on his ministrations steadily increased until it reached
the full capacity of the church edifice ; so that in February,
1820, measures were adopted for the gathering of a Second
Presb. church. The number added to his church, during

THE HISTORY OF
his ministry, on profession of faith, was 921, and, on certifi
cate, 223 ; in all, 1144. The baptisms numbered 1498, of
whom 282 were adults. This marked success in his work was
brought about by repeated outpourings of the Holy Spirit
upon the congregation. The most remarkable of these seasons
were the years 1807-8, 1813, 1817, and 1826. Li 1808, the
additions to the church, by profession, were 111 ; in 1813,
the year of hostility, 100; in 1817, 167'; and, in 1826, 138.
Other seasons of refreshing, but not so general, were enjoyed,
adding to the church, on profession, in 1820, 59 ; and, in
1831, 44. The number of communicants, in 1804, was 207;
in 1820, 660.
In the year 1818, the honorary degree of Doctor of Divinity
was conferred upon him by the University of North Carolina,
and by Union. College. He wa3 in high repute, both as a
preacher and an author. As a Trustee of the College of
New Jersey, and as a Director of the Theological Seminary
at Princeton, he rendered the most important services to the
cause of Education and of Religion. Calls were extended
to him, at different times, during his ministry in this town,
from the Collegiate R. D. church, and the Wall street Pres
byterian church, both of the City of New York, and from
the Presb. church of Princeton, N. J. Overtures were made
to him, also, from other quarters, but were not entertained.
He was chosen a Professor in the Theological Seminary at
Allegheny, Pa., and in the Union Theological Seminary of
Virginia. He was, also, appointed Secretary of the Board
of Missions.
In pastoral labors he ranked among the most useful minis
ters of the Church. Every portion of his extensive charge
was regularly visited at set seasons, every year ; Bible-class
es, embracing a very large proportion of the youth in his
congregration, were regularly taught. Sunday Schools were
introduced in 1814-16, and vigorously conducted ; while all
the benevolent operations of the Church found in him an
earnest and powerful advocate. In consequence mainly of his
strenuous opposition, repeated attempts at Sabbath-profana
tion, and horse-racing were effectually frustrated. His in-

^ / U< ,-? «

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY.
fluence was felt all over the town, in all its interests, and only
for good.
As the Memoir of this eminent servant of God has been
given to the world by an accomplished author, and is to be
found in the hands of many of the citizens of the town,
further detail of his singularly-practical and useful life, is not
needed. A call was extended to him, in April, 1833, by the
Central Presb. church of Philadelphia, which he accepted,
and being released, by the Presbytery, from his pastoral
charge, he bade his people farewell, May 12, and, June 6th,
he was duly installed at Philadelphia. His death occurred,
Feb. 13, 1863, nearly 30 years after his removal from this
town, the whole interval having been filled with faithful,
laborious and effective service in his Master's vineyard. In
the churches to which he so happily ministered, in the be
nevolent and educational Boards of which he was a member,
in the Presbytery, the Synod, and the General Assembly (of
the last of which he was for eleven years Permanent Clerk,
and four years Stated CJerk), his memory' is precious. Few
men in this or any other community have left behind them a
more grateful savor ; and to none with more propriety could
the Master say at the last — " Well done, thou good and faith
ful servant ; enter thou into the joy of thy lord." *
The vacant pastorate was almost immediately supplied by
the REV. NICHOLAS MURRAY.
He was born at Balynaskea, County of Westmeath, Le
land, Dec. 25, 1802. His parents, Nicholas Murray and
Judith Mangum were Papists, and of considerable means
and influence. His father having died when the boy was
but three years old, he was trained by his mother, until 9
years of age, in the dogmas of Popery. Then his mother's
sister took charge of him for three years while he attended
a village-school near Edgeworthtown, about ten miles from
his native place. He entered in his twelfth year a store at
Grannard, as a clerk, continuing there but three years, when,
owing to the severity with which he was treated, he quit the
» Sprague's Memoirs of Eev. J. MoDowell, D.D. Presh. His. Almanao for 1864,pp.l75-lS7.

670 THE HISTORY OF
place and returned home, greatly to the grief of his mother.
He determined to emigrate to America, leaving the inheri
tance to his brother.
He came to this country in 1818, arriving at New York
with but $12 in his pocket. He obtained employment at the
printing establishment of the Messrs. Harper, boarded first
with their mother, and after two years with Mr. George
Kirk (father of Rev. E. N. Kirk, D.D.), then residing in
Liberty st., nearly opposite the present Trinity place. He
was induced by some of his religious associates to hear the
Rev. John M. Mason, D.D., was cured of his Popery, be
came a probationer in the Methodist church, and soon after
a member of the Brick Presbyterian church under the care
of the Rev. Gardiner Spring, D.D. His developments of
mental and spiritual gifts were such as to lead several of his
godly friends to urge upon him a preparation for the gospel-
ministry. He began his study of the languages in the winter of
1821-2^ under the instruction of Mr. J. B. Steele, a fellow-
lodger at Mr. Kirk's, and soon after a minister of the Re
formed Dutch Church. Having been adopted as a benefi
ciary of the Brick church, he relinquished the printing busi
ness, in the autumn of 1821, entered shortly after the Acad
emy, under the instruction of Gerard Hallock, at Amherst,
Mass., and, in the autumn of 1822, the Freshman Class' of
Williams College, at Williamstown, Mass., then under the
Presidency of the illustrious Rev. E. D. Griffin, D.D. He
graduated in 1826, and after a brief Agency of six and a half
weeks in Washington County, N. Y., for the American Tract
Society, he entered, November 9, 1826, the Theological Se
minary at Princeton, N. J. In May, 1827, he accepted an
Agency for Pennsylvania, from the Tract Society, and in
November following located himself at Philadelphia, having
engaged with the same Society as their agent there for a
year. He found time still to prosecute his theological stud
ies, and, at the expiration of his engagement, returned to
the Seminary, where he completed, May, 7, 1829, the cur
riculum of the Institution.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 671
He had previously been received under the care of the
Presbytery of New York ; but having been tranferred, he
was licensed, at Frankfort, Pa., in April, 1829, by the Pres
bytery of Philadelphia. In June following, he was sent as a
missionary, by the Board of Domestic Missions, to the beauti
ful Valley of Wyoming, Pa. He received a call, Aug. 12,
1829, with an offer of $600 salary, from the united churches
of Wilkesbarre and Kingston, Pa., which he accepted. He
was accordingly, Nov. 4, 1829, ordained and installed by
the Presbytery of Susquehanna. He married, Jan. 1830,
Miss Eliza J. Rhees, of Philadelphia, the daughter of Rev.
Morgan J. Rhees, deceased. In November, 1831, he was
, tendered the General Agency of the American Tract So
ciety for the Valley of the Mississippi, but declined it. He
had previously declined the Secretaryship of the Presbyte
rian Education Society at Philadelphia.
While in attendance on the General Assembly at Phila
delphia, in May, 1833, he consented to supply, for two Sab
baths, the pulpit of the First Presbyterian church of this
town, then just made vacant by the removal of Dr. McDowell.
In October of the previous year he had passed a Sabbath
here, and made an appeal to this congregation for aid in
building a church at Wilkesbarre. So greatly did he please
the people, that, at the expiration of the fortnight, a call was
unanimously tendered him, June 3d, with an offer of $1000
salary, -which he accepted. He wa3 dismissed from his first
charge, June 23, 1833, and installed here, on Tuesday, July
23d, at 11 o'clock, A. M., by the Presbytery of Elizabeth
Town ; when the sermon was preached by the. Rev. Joseph
M. Ogden, of Chatham, N. J., from 2 Corinthians, hi. : 15, 16 ;
the charge to the pastor given by Rev. Dr. McDowell ; and
the charge to the people, by the Rev. Stephen O. Thompson,
of Connecticut Farms.
His ministry in this town was extended through a period
of nearly 28 years— a few months only less than that of his
distinguished" predecessor. He entered fully into the round
of pastoral labor, to which the people had so long been ac
customed, and made full proof of his ministry. He com-

672 THE HISTORY OF
manded the respect and reverence not only of his own peo
ple, but of the whole town. In the Presbytery his influence
was second to none. His counsels were highly valued, also,
in the Synod and General Assembly, of the latter of which
he was chosen Moderator in 1849. In the conflicts that re
sulted in the division of the Presbyterian Church in 1837-8,
he took an active part, and cast his lot with the Old School
portion, carrying his church and Presbytery with him.
Large accessions of converts, particularly in 1834, 1836,
1842-3, and 1858, attested the faithfulness of his ministry.
His labors resulted in a steady growth of the congregation,
in numbers and effectiveness, so that at the close of his min
istry, he could say, Jari. 1, 1861,
A glorious meeting in the Eirst Church to-day. The first time in all its
history it was declared out of debt, with a balance in the treasury, with
a yearly income to meet all its expenditures, and about four thousand dol
lars in funds, for the poor, and to keep the grave-yard in repair.
Much, however, as he excelled in pastoral service, he ob
tained a vastly more extended fame as a popular contributor
to the columns of the religious Press. A series of articles
from his pen, on " Practical Methodism," six in number, ap
peared in the " Christian Advocate," (a Presbyterian Monthly
published in Philadelphia), from September 1830 to May
1831, which excited no little inquiry. He became most
widely known, however, by a series of 12 Essays on Popery,
with the signature of " Kirwan," which appeared in the col
umns of the N. York Observer, from Feb. 6, to May 8, 1847.
They were addressed to Bishop Hughes, and were published
directly after in book form, with an immense circulation,
here and beyond the Atlantic. A second series followed,
commencing with Oct. 2, 1847. A sermon, on the "Decline
of Popery and its Causes," preached, " in reply to Bishop
Hughes," Jan 15, 1851, in the Broadway Tabernacle of New
York, was published widely.
Having revisited his native land, and extended his travels
to Rome, in 1851, on his return, he published a series of let
ters, entitled, "Romanism at Home," addressed to Chief
Justice Taney, which appeared in 1852. His other publica-

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 678
tions were "Parish and other Pencilings ; " " The Happy
Home ; " " Men and Things as I saw them in Europe ; "
" Preachers and Preaching ; " and some pamphlets. He vis
ited Europe again in 1860.
His great popularity subjected him to frequent solicitations
to other posts of influence and usefulness. In 1834, he was
jcalled to the Presbyterian church of Charleston, S. C. ; in
1835, he was elected Secretary of the Foreign Missionary
Society (for N. York, Phila., Baltimore, &c.) ; in 1836, he
was called to the Park st. church, Boston, thrice in suc
cession ; in 1837, and again in 1842, to the Presb. church of
Natchez, Miss. ; in 1839, and again in 1852, to the First
•(0. S.) Presb. church of Brooklyn, N. Y. ; in 1849, to the
Central Presb. church of St. Louis, Mo. ; and, in 1850, to
the Seventh Presb. church of Cincinnati, Ohio. In addition,
he was often solicited to allow calls to be made for him, but
uniformly refused, preferring to live and die among his own
people, greatly to their satisfaction and delight.
His decease was altogether unexpected. In the midst of
life and robust health, he was seized, on Friday, Feb. 1, 1861,
with an acute rheumatism of the heart, which resulted in a
painful, but peaceful death, on Monday, the 4th, in the eve
ning. The, whole community were deeply affected by the
event. At his funeral, on Friday, the 8th, all business was
suspended, and a great multitude, including many clergymen
from abroad, gathered in the First church, when addresses
were made by Rev. Drs. Rodgers of Boundbrook, Ogden, of
Chatham, Hodge, of Princeton, and Magie, of this town, and
by Messrs. Rankin of Baskingridge, and Sheddan of Rah
way. An appropriate funeral sermon was preached, on the
Sabbath following, by his greatly-attached friend, Rev. Wm.
B. Sprague, D. D., of Albany, N. Y. The religious press,
everywhere, throughout the land, and numerous public
bodies with which he had been connected, gave affecting ut
terance to their deep sense of bereavement.
The wife of his youth survives him, and of his ten children.
four only outlived their loved and honored father.*
* For further details of the admirable life of Dr. Murray, see " Memoirs of the Eev. Nioh*
43

674 THE HISTORY OF
His successor, the present worthy pastor, Rev. Eveeakd
Kempshall, previously of Buffalo and' Batavia, N. Y., was
installed, Sept. 18, 1861. During his ministry large acces
sions have been made to the membership, and the church is
enjoying a high degree of prosperity.
A Second Presbyterian Church grew out of the " Great
Revival " of 181 7. So numerous were the accessions to the
old church as greatly to exceed the capacity of their house
of worship. During the revival of 1813, a long-felt neces
sity had been met, by the erection of a " Session House," on
the rear of the parsonage-lot, fronting on Washington street.
The expense was provided for by voluntary subscriptions,
and the house was opened for worship, Sept. 10, 1813. At a
meeting of the Trustees and Session of the First church, on
Tuesday, Feb. 29, 1820, application having been made to that
effect, arrangements were made, whereby the Session House
might be used on the Sabbath, free of rent, for five years, by
such persons as were desirous to form a second church. The
house was enlarged in the summer following. Separate
Sabbath services were commenced, March 26, 1820. A re
ligious society was organized, by the election, Oct. 26, 1820,
of Messrs. David Meeker, John Humes, James Crane, Rich
ard Townley, Elijah Kellogg, Wm. Brown, and Elihu Price,
as Trustees. A church of forty-one members, all but one
from the First church, was constituted on Sunday, Dec. 3,
1820, when Elihu Price, James Crane, and David Meeker
were set apart as Elders. The same month, they called, as
their pastor, the REV. DAVID MAGIE.
He was a native of this town, and this was his only home
through life. His father, Michael, was the son of Joseph,
and the grandson of John Magie, Sen., mentioned, p. 265.
His ancestry were noted for their piety and Presbyterianism.
His father married Mary Meeker, and both of them were
OLAS Mubray, D.D. (Ktrwan), by Samuel Iremeus Prime" [D.D.] ; published by Harper &
Brothers, N. York, 1S68 ; also Dr. Sprague's Sermon, and Wilson's Presb. Histor. Almanac,
for 1868, pp. 105-9.

¦¦:,-- -rHap11'

Dl) A V Q ID) !«AG1E. ID). ©=

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 675
exemplary members of the First Presbyterian church. Da
vid was born, at the. rural homestead, west of the town,
March 13, 1795. His father died, Jan. 6, 1810. In his Will,
dated Aug. 23, 1806, mention is made of ten children : four
daughters — Catharine Potter, Jane Brown, Phebe and Han
nah; and six sons — Benjamin, John, David, Joseph, Job,
and Haines.
. David was converted in the revival of 1813, and, in June
of that year, was received a member of the First church.
He prepared for college under the supervision of his pastor,
Mr. McDowell, and entered the junior class of. the College of
New Jersey, in 1815. He graduated in 1817, and entered
the Theological Seminary at Princeton. At the expiration .
of a year, he was appointed one of the Tutors of the College,
holding the post for two years. In the spring of 1820 he was
licensed by the Presbytery of Jersey, and preached his
first sermon, Ap. 28. During the summer, having frequently
preached for the new congregation, he was invited to supply
them for six months. He began his stated ministrations,
Oct. 1, 1820, with a sermon from Rom. xv. 30. He was or
dained and installed'on Tuesday, Ap. 24, 1821. He married,
May 7th, Ann F. Wilson, daughter of James Wilson, Esq.,
deceased. Measures were taken, April 30, 1821, to build a house of
worship. The corner-stone of the house on Jersey st. was
laid, June 20, 1821, and the house dedicated, May 1, 1822.
In this his first and only pastoral charge, among his own
townsmen, he continued to labor as a faithful, godly, useful
and highly honored minister of»the gospel, nearly forty-five
years, declining promptly several calls and appointments to
other fields and "spheres of labor. He received, in 1842, the
degree of D. D. from Amherst College— and during the lat
ter period of his life filled several stations of honor and ser
vice in connection with literary and benevolent institutions.
The additions to the church, during his ministry, were 651 on
profession, and 596 on certificate.
After a period of great bodily suffering, protracted through
fifteen months, full of peace, hope, and comfort, he departed

676 THE HISTORY OF
this life, May 10, 1865, greatly lamented, as he had been
greatly beloved.
He was, indeed, " a model pastor.'' Calm, genial, affectionate, sympa
thizing, abundant in labors, his services were welcomed by the whole
people, and his influence among them gradually strengthening from first to
last. Combining temperance, charity, humility, prudence, sound judg
ment, simplicity, and earnestness, he was a faithful, persevering, success
ful laborer in the vineyard committed to his charge. He preached and
prayed with a power and unction which sank deep into the hearts of his
hearers  Besides several able published discourses, he was the author
of " The Spring-time of Life," an excellent volume of 350 pages.*
A few months before the decease of Dr. Magie, the Rev.
William C. Roberts, previously of Columbus, Ohio, was in
stalled co-pastor, and continued in charge until his resigna
tion in February, 1866, to become the pastor of the newly-
organized Westminster church. The Rev. James B. Pat
terson, for several years pastor of the Presbyterian church
of Steubenville, Ohio, was shortly after installed his suc
cessor, and is still in charge of the church.*
A Thxed Presbyterian Church, growing out of the in
crease of the population, and the crowded state of the other
two Presbyterian churches, was organized by the Presbytery
of Elizabeth Town, Nov. 17, 1851. It numbered seventy-six
members, who had been dismissed, in equal proportions, from
the First and Second churches, for this purpose. Messrs.
Edward Sanderson, David Woodruff, John D. Norris, Benja
min Ogden, and John McCord were installed Elders.
Public worship was commenced, by the new congregation,
in Collet Hall, Sep. 14, 185,1, The Rev. Robert Airman,
previously of Troy, N. Y., was employed from Sep. 21, and
having soon after received a call to be their pastor, was in
stalled by the Presbytery of Newark (to which the church
had been transferred), March 1, 1852, and still continues in
charge. The grounds of the late Dr. Isaac Morse, on the S. W.
corner of East Jersey and Bridge sts., 145 by 245 feet, were
purchased in June, 1852, for $3000, and preparations made
* Trustees' Book of First Chh. Manual of 2d Chh. Pierson'e Memorial. Wilson's Presb.
Almanac for 1806, pp. 128-81.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 677
for the erection of a house of worship. The corner-stone
was laid, Sep. 21, 1852 ; the Lecture Room, or Chapel, was
occupied, May 8, 1853, and the house completed and ded
icated, Mar. 28, 1855. It is of brick, 60 by 120 feet. It
fronts on Scott Place [late Bridge st.], and the andience-
room, finished with galleries, will seat about 900 persons.
The Chapel, with a Lecture Room to seat 200 persons on
the first floor, and a Sunday School Room and Study on
the second floor, is attached to the rear of the church, and
fronts on Jersey st. The property was freed from debt in
1865. The church numbers more than 200 members.*
Still another Presbyterian church has grown up in that
part of the town formerly known as Elizabethport. A
union religions service was commenced there, in 1836,
every Sabbath afternoon, in an Iron Foundry. The Rev.
Abraham Brown, a congregational minister of Oxford, Ct.,
was employed as a stated supply, and began to preach,
Oct. 6, 1838. A Congregational church of 29 members was
organized, Aug. 7, 1839. Messrs. Jonathan M. Ropes and
EKas Marsh were chosen Deacons, and Major Denman, and
Messrs. James C. Fairbank, Joseph P. Augur, Jeremiah
Robinson, and Jonathan M. Ropes were chosen Trustees.
At the same time, the corner-stone of the church on
Marshall St., between First and Second sts., was laid. The
house was completed the following year.
Mr. Brown died, Oct. 15, 1840, set. 45. Rev. Jonathan
Huntington and others were employed as stated supplies,
the next eighteen months. The Rev. Oliver S. St. John
was ordained the first pastor of the church, June 15, 1842.
The former Deacons having been elected Elders, Feb. 9,
1846, the church was received, Ap. 22, 1846, under the care
of the Presbytery of Elizabeth Town. Mr. St. John was
dismissed, Oct. 20, 1846 ; and the present pastor, Rev.
Edwin H. Reinhaht, was installed, Oct. 26, 1847. The
church has now about 120 members.-f-
More recently the Westminster Presbyterian Churcs
has been organized. It was originated by the Second church.
* Ms. Letter of Eev. E. Afkman. t Ms. Letter of Kev. E. H. Eeinhart.

678 THE HISTORY OF
It was constituted, of 100 members, Jan. 31, 1866. Messrs.
Richard T. Haines and Mahlon. Mulford were installed El
ders, and Messrs. Henry M. Baker aud Henry Seymour,
Deacons. The first Sabbath service was held, in Library
Hall, March 4th, and, on the 7th, the Rev. William C. Rob
erts, having accepted their call and resigned the pastorate of
the Second Church, was installed by the Presbytery of
Passaic. A beautiful location having been obtained in the " North
End" of the city, near the junction of the old Salem and
Newark Roads, the corner-stone of a commodious and sightly
house of worship was laid, June 13, 1866, and the building
was opened for the public service of God, Dec. 29, 1867. It
is not surpassed by any other public building in the city. It
is of brown stone, in the Norman style, 70 by 105, with an
organ projection of 16 by 27 feet on one side. The front is
finished with a tower on each corner, one of them terminating
in finials above the roof. The other is to terminate in a stone
spire, 212 feet high. The chapel, 40 by 92 feet, in the rear,
for Lecture and Sunday School rooms, and the Pastor's study,
is not completed. The audience room is spacious, with an
elliptical ceiling, heavily ribbed, and paneled, 46 feet from
the floor. The wood-work is of blackwahrat. The cost of
the house and grounds thus far is about $110,000. The
structure would do honor to any city in the land.*
The Presbyterians have, also, a colored church, worshiping
in Washington st., known as the Siloam church. It is a
feeble congregation, reporting, last May, only 36 members.
The congregation of St. John's church [Episcopal], three
months after the removal of the Rev. Mr. Lilly, invited the
REV. JOHN CHURCHILL RUDD,
to become their rector, with a salary of $500, and the use of
the rectory. The call was accepted, and Mr. Rudd entered
upon his work in December following, his institution taking
place in May, 1806.
Mr. Rudd was born at Norwich, Ct, May 24, 1779. He
+ N. Jersey Journal, N09. 4590, 4678.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 679
was the eldest child of Jonathan Rudd, and Mary, daughter
of Deacon Barnabas Huntington. His grandfather, Samuel,
was, probably, a great-grandson of Jonathan, who was at
New Haven, in 1644. His ancestors were of Puritan faith,
and he himself was bred a Congregationalist. He was fitted
for college under the tuition of Rev. Samuel Nott, of Nor
wich, West Farms, now Franklin, Ct., but was not favored
with a collegiate course. When of age, he went to New
York, and made it his home, connecting himself with the
Episcopal church. He married, Jan. 22, 1803, at New York,
(Dr. Hobart officiating), Phebe Eliza, daughter of Edward
Bennett, of Shrewsbury, N. J. Having prepared for the
ministry, under the direction of Bishop Moore, and Rev. J.
H. Hobart, he was ordained, by the former, as a Deacon,
April 28, 1805, and was employed, for several months, as a
missionary on Long Island. Mr. Hobart, having married,
some years previously, a daughter of Rev. Dr. Chandler,
doubtless introduced him to the pulpit of St. John's church,
where he preached, for the first time, July 21, 1805.
The congregation seldom then exceeded a hundred souls,
and the communicants were sixty in number. A new steeple
was erected in 1807, and other improvements were made in
the church-edifice. In 1808, the length of the house was in
creased seventeen feet, and the interior entirely renovated.
An addition of one hundred dollars was made to his salary
in 1810. In 1813, he became the Editor of a new series of
"The Churchman's Magazine," and the place of publication
was changed from N. York to this town. Other improve
ments were made in the church-edifice in 1818. The Par
sonage-house was also rebuilt, at an expense of about $3000.
For several years, he conducted a classical school, in his
house, with great success. July 31, 1823, the University of
Pennsylvania conferred on him the degree of D.D.
Owing to the loss of health, and particularly of his voice,
Dr. Rudd was released from his parochial charge, June 1,
1826, and the next month removed to Auburn, N. Y., where,
and at Utica, N. Y., as teacher, rector, and editor of "The
Gospel Messenger," hte later days were spent. Having suf-

680 THE HISTORY OF
fered long and greatly from a rheumatic affection, he died
at his home in Utica, Nov. 15, 1848, greatly lamented by his
own Church and others. His remains, at his own request,
were brought to this town, and buried, on the 19th, in St.
John's church-yard. His widow died in Oct. 1867 (est. 88),
having survived him nearly 19 years. In addition to his
editorial work, he published, at various periods, more than a
dozen discourses, most of them sermons.*
Dr. Rudd was succeeded by the Rev. Smith Pyne, who
began his work, June 1, 1826, and was instituted by the
R. Rev. John Croes, D.D., May 3, 1827. His salary was
$500, and the rectory. This was his first parochial charge.
His ministry here, though highly acceptable to the people,
was but of short continuance. He resigned the rectorship,
Dec. 31, 1828, to accept a call from the church of Middle-
town, Ct. Subsequently he became the Assistant Minister,
and then, after the decease of the Rev. Dr. Hawley, for
many years, the rector of St. John's church, Washington
City, D. C. Dr. Pyne now resides at New York City.f
A call was extended, March 8, 1829, to the Rev. Blrdseye
Glover Noble, the predecessor of Mr. Pyne, at Middletown.
He was born, in 1792, at New Milford, Ct. ; graduated at
Yale College in 1810 ; married a daughter of Elijah San
ford, of Newtown Ct. ; was ordained a deacon in 1812, and
priest in 1817 ; and was rector of the church of the Holy
Trinity, at Middletown, Ct., 1812 to 1829. He came here on
a salary of $500, the rectory, and his firewood. The finan
ces of the church were greatly improved during his ministry,
and otherwise the congregation appeared to prosper ; save
that, during the cholera season of 1832, the church met with
severe losses by death. His ministry terminated, Oct. 15,
1833. He removed to Bridgeport, and opened a boarding-
school on Golden Hill, where he died, Nov. 16, 1848, in his
57th year 4
At the close of January, 1834, the Rev. Richard Chan-
* Dr. Eudd's Hist. Dleoourso. Clark's St. John's, pp. 170-8. Sprague's Annals, V. 501-6.
N. J. Journal, No. 4,668. Berrlan's Reoolleetions. Ms. Records of St. John's.
t Clark's St. John's,*. 178. Ms. Eeoords.
t Sprague's Annals, V. IM. Clark's St. John's, p. 178. Ms. Eecords.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 681
ning Moore, Jr., son of Bishop Moore, of Va., was chosen
rector, and at once entered upon his work. He graduated at
Washington [Trinity] College, Hartford, in 1829, and, the
first year after his ordination, assisted his cousin. Rev. Dr.
Bedell, of St. Andrew's church, Phila. He continued in
charge of St. John's church, of this town, until the second
Sunday in March, 1855. At his coming his salary was only
$400, with the usual perquisites. So acceptable and ef
fective was his ministry, that soon a considerable enlargement
of the church edifice was required. An addition of eight
feet was made to each side of the house, and the interior
was wholly renewed. The work was done between June 1,
and Dec. 31, 1840. When completed it measured, 45 by
66 feet. A Sunday School Room of brick was also erected
at the same time. The expense of these improvements was
about $4000. A new impulse was thus given to the congre
gation, which rapidly now increased in numbers and in effi
ciency. After his removal from this town, he became the
rector of Christ church, Williamsport, Pa., where he now
resides.* He was succeeded by the present rector, the Rev. Samuel
Adams Clark, to whom a call was extended, Feb. 4, 1856.
He had, for eight years, been the rector of the Church of the
Advent, Northern Liberties, Phila. He was called on a sal
ary of $1200, and the usual perquisites. He entered on
his work, the first Sunday in April, and was instituted by
Bishop Doane, Ap. 17, 1856. His ministry has been emi
nently [successful. The capacity of the old church edifice
soon proved inadequate for the congregation. Measures
were taken, in April 1857, to raise $20,000 for a new church.
The work was undertaken in 1859. The old church was de
molished, the corner-stone of the new church was laid Sep.
5, 1859, and the house Completed in the following year.
The new St. John's is a noble specimen of the Gothic style
of the 14th century. It is built of a pale brick, alternating
with bands of stone. It is distributed into nave, aisles,
apsidal, chancel and vestry. The windows of the clerestory
* Sprague's Annals, V. 501-«. Clark's St. John's, pp. 174-8, 180. Ms. Eecords.

682 THE HISTORY OF
are of stained glass. It has a massive tower, 126 ft. high,
with a side porch. The pews will seat 1000 persons. The
whole cost was about $50,000.
A chapel, of the same material, 80 by 34 feet, costing
about $15,000, adjoining the church, was built in 1867. The
present number of communicants is 335 ; and the offerings
for the year ending May, 1867, were $46,558.17 ; of which
$18,360.57 were for parish purposes.*
St. John's has become a mother of churches. In 1846, a
congregation was gathered at Elizabethport, which took the
name of Grace Church. The corner stone of their church
edifice, on Court near First streets, was laid, Sep. 18, 1849.
The church was served awhile by the Rev. Messrs. Eugene
A. Hoffman, and Edward B. Boggs. Their- first rector was
the Rev. David Clarkson, who was born in Worcestershire,
Eng., June, 1801, graduated at Oxford University in 1823;
was ordained by Bishop Doane ; and became rector of
Trinity church, Belvidere, N. J. The church edifice was
built during his ministry here. In 1852, he became U. S.
Chaplain at Fort Riley, Kansas, continuing in the service un
til 1855, when, after a brief abode at Lexington, Mo., he re
moved to Grand Rapids, Mich., where he died, Ap. 6, 1862.
Their present worthy rector, Rex. Clarkson Dunn, succeeded
Mr. Clarkson. He had previously, for more than 30 years,
been the rector of Christ church, Newton, N. J. The parish
numbers fifty families.
A third church was formed in 1853, by the name of Christ
Church. Their first Sunday service was held, Ap. 10, 1853, in
the Lecture Room of the First Presbyterian church, where they
continued to worship until their chapel, on the corner of East
Jersey and Bridge streets, was built. The chapel (of stone in
the Gothic style), rectory, and parochial school-house, cost, with
the land about $30,000. The Rev. Eugene A. Hoffman, (now
D.D.) of New Brunswick, was their first rector. He left in 1863,
to take charge of Grace Church, Brooklyn, N. York, where
* Eecords of St. John's. Ms. Letter of Eev. S. A. Clark. Journal of N. J. Ep. Convention
for 1867, p. 78.
t Clark's St. John's, p. 178. Church Quarterly, XIV. 785. Ms. Letter of Wm. C. Footo.
Journal of N. J. Ep. Convention* for 1867, p. 76.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 683
he still remains. D% Hoffman was succeeded by the Rev.
Stevens Parker, of Boston, the present rector. He is a
grandson of Bishop Parker, and came hither from Wilming
ton, Del. The chapel will seat about 300 persons, and' the
pews are free.*
A fourth church was organized, in 1859, by the name of
Trinity Church. They erected a gothic church edifice, ca
pable of seating about 400 persons, on the corner of East
Jersey and Jefferson streets, which they have sold recently
to St. Paul's Methodist Church. They have since erected a
neat gothic chapel of brick, on North Broad st., above the
R. R. Station, designing eventually to build a substantia!
church on the adjacent ground. The present incumbent, Rev.
Daniel F. Warren, D.D., is their first rector. He was pre
viously of Mott Haven, N. Y. The parish contains sixty
families.f A Baptist church was organized here, June 5, 1843, of
fifteen members. They worshiped first in a school-house on
Union near Morris street, which was bought and fitted up as
a place of worship. In the summer of 1858, they erected a
Lecture Room or Chapel, on West Jersey st., a short distance
from Broad st. The church has been served successively by
seven pastors : — Rev. Messrs. Charles Cox, Edward Conover,
William H. Turton, John H. Waterbury, T. S. Rogers, Isaac
N. Hill, and George W. Clark. Under the ministry of Mr.
Clark, a period of nearly 9 years, terminating March 1, 1868,
the church, hitherto exceedingly feeble, has been greatly
strengthened. In August, 1866, the Broad Street Baptist
Church was organized. They have hitherto worshiped in
the large hall of the Court House. They are Building a house
of worship on the corner of South Broad and Pearl sts., the
corner-stone of which was laid, April 23, 1868. In June,
1867, the Rev. D. Henry Miller, D.D., of Trenton, N. J., was
chosen their pastor. He entered on his work here in Novem
ber, and was installed the 19tih"of December, 1867. %
A Congregational church was gathered in 1865, under
* Clark's St. John's, pp. 178-180. Ms. Letters of S. A. Clark and W. C. Footo. t Ibid.
J G. W. Clark's History of First Bap. Chh., Elizth., N. J. Files of N. J. Journal, for 1S67.

684 THE HISTORY OF
the ministry of the Rev. John M Wolcott. They worship
ed at first in Livingston near First st., but have, since July
31, 1867, occupied a neat and attractive church edifice,
which they have erected on the corner of Marshall and Third
sts., at a cost of about $12,000.*
The Roman Catholics have three churches : St. Mary's, on
Washington Avenue, Rev. Isaac P. Howell, pastor; St. Pat
rick's on Wall st. (at the Port), Rev. Patrick Hennessy,
pastor ; and St. Michael's (German), on Smith st., near Eliz
abeth Avenue, Rev. Henry Lemke, pastor.f
A Moravian church has lately been gathered by the Rev.
Christian Neu, under favorable auspices. They have been
worshiping in the Mission Chapel, corner of Smith and
Martin sts., near the Cross Roads. The Lutherans have also
a house in the same vicinity. Within the past year, the
followers of Swedenborg have maintained separate worship
and are gathering a congregation. X

Files of N. J. Journal for 1867. t Elizabeth Directory.
X Files of N. J. Journal, for 1867.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 685

CHAPTER XXXII.
A. D. 1855-1S68.
City Charter — Town of Lindon set off —Rail Roads — Elizabetbport — Old
Farms sold for City Lots — Street Improvements — New Market House —
County House — Population — The Great Rebellion — Finances of the City —
Prospective Growth — Conclusion.
The history of the " Old Borough " has been brought to
an end. By act of the Legislature of New Jersey, approved,
March 13, 1855, a new and much more advantageous charter
was obtained, whereby " the Borough of Elizabeth," if the
people should so elect, was to become and be known as " The
City of Elizabeth," with all the powers, privileges, and im
munities usually accorded to such municipalities. The char
ter, having been accepted by the people at a special election,
was by Act of the Legislature, approved, March 4, 1863,
thoroughly revised, considerably amended, and greatly en
larged. *
With this change in its government, the ancient town, un
til then of slow but steady growth, entered upon a career of
rapidly-increasing prosperity. That portion of its territory
that lay beyond [a N.VW. line from the mouth of Morse's
Creek to the Galloping Hill road, measuring 2853 acres, was,
in February, 1861, set off to the new township of Linden. A
small portion, also, was lost on the north in the division of
Essex Co., and the erection of Union Co. So that the City
now scarcely contains a tenth part of the territory of the " Old
Borough" in the days of the revolutionary war; and of
this a considerable part is salt, meadow land. But what is
* Acta of 74th N. J. Leg., pp. 217-245. Acts of 87th Leg., pp. 109-156.

686 THE HISTORY OF
lost in extent is more than made good by compactness.
The opening of the New Jersey Rail Road, and subsequently
of the New Jersey Central, with its noble bridge spanning
Newark Bay, and connecting the city directly with New
York, — an accomplishment both feared and ridiculed some
sixty years since by the Newark people, — gave a great im
pulse to business here, and made the city still more desirable
as a place of residence. *
The tract of land bordering on " the Sound," stretching from
what was so long known as " the Old Point," to " De Hart's
Point " on the north, as soon as it became the R. R. termi
nus, — as it was for many years, and still continues to be, to a
great extent, for freight, — at once increased rapidly in value,
in business, and in population. It is the depot of a large
commerce, and has already a numerous shipping list. Al
most immediately after the adoption of the city charter, old
farms were brought into the market, laid out in city lots, and
met with a ready sale. The Jate Edward N. Kellogg (who
died at N. York, Jan. 8, 1867, set. 51) bought about 300 acres
of what was formerly known, mostly, as " Woodruff's farms,"
laid it out in streets and parks, and offered it to purchasers.
His example was followed by Messrs. P. B. Amory, Benja
min Haines, and others, effecting thus a wonderful transfor
mation in the northern part of the city. A similar change
has been brought about both on the west and south of the
city. Neat and attractive cottages, spacious warehouses, ex
tensive manufactories, and elegant mansions, have sprung up,
on every hand, with remarkable celerity.
A -thorough system of paving, sewering, and lighting the
streets has been introduced, which has already wrought great
changes and will soon effect a complete transformation.
Great facilities in locomotion have been brought about by
the introduction of horse railroads on the principal thorough
fares. A spacious edifice of brick, occupied on the first floor
as a market, and on the second floor as a City Hall, that
cost $80,000, has taken the place of the old Adelphian
Academy at the junction of Bridge, since Market st., with
* Aots of 85th Leg. of N. J.

ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. 687
Elizabeth Avenue. A spacious County House occupies the
site of the old court house. A plentiful supply of water as
well as gas has been secured, affording to the inhabitants all
the advantages of city life.
The multiplication of churches and schools has kept pace
with the increase of the population. The number of houses
of worship, built or in progress, is twenty-three. In 1830,
the census showed a population of 3455 ; in 1840, it had
reached only 4184 ; in 1850, it was 5583 ; • in 1860, it
amounted to 11,567; in 1865, with a reduced area, it was
17,373. It probably now [1868] falls but little short of
25,000, with every prospect of a rapid increase.
During the period of (' the Great Rebellion " [1861-5], true
to its ancient instincts, the people of this city took a deep in
terest in the efforts of the government to protect itself
from destruction and to suppress the wide-spread insur
rection. Its roll of honor will compare favorably with
other cities of similar size. Cheerfully the people con
tributed of their substance to sustain the government, to
promote enlistments, and to ameliorate the condition of
the soldiery. The burdens imposed upon them were cheer
fully borne, for which they deemed the final triumph of the
nation, and the boon of universal emancipation, a sufficient
compensation. At the commencement of the present year [1868], the
property of the city was estimated at $210,840 ; the bond
ed debt, incurred chiefly for street improvements, was
$976,952 ; and the assessed valuation of real and personal
property was $9,609,050. The taxes for the year 1867
amounted to $218,566.87. The receipts of the City Treas- ¦
urer, for the same year, were $332,604.77; the disburse
ments, $336,938.98.
A spirit of enterprise characterizes every department of
city life. The work of improvement steadily goes on. The
city bids fair, within a few years, to attain at least the third,
if not the first, rank in population and prosperity, among the
cities of the State. The time is not far distant when every
available building-lot within its present bounds, will be occu-

688 THE HISTORY OF ELIZABETH, N. J.
pied ; when a large proportion of its meadow-land, now
flooded occasionally by the sea, will be reclaimed ; and the
humble settlement of 1664 will become one of the fairest,
most prosperous, and most attractive cities of the land, the
home of wealth, intelligence, refinement, and true religion.

INDEX OF PERSONS.

Acken, Joseph, 580, 8
Aekerley, Ben., 333 ; Henry, 93 ; Mary, 93
A-ckley, John, 476
Adams, Eev. Edward, 621 ; John, 610, 1, 649,
663 ; John Q.,»555 ;-Maj., 631
Aikman, Eev. Eobert, 676
Ailward, Anna, 270.
Akin, Thomas, 271, 312
Albemarle, Lord, 46
Alcorn, Mr., 815
Alexander, Andrew, 249; George, 249, 270;
James, 809, 816, 366, 7, 9, 870, 2, 3 ; John, 249,
270
Allen, Abigail, 249 ; Eev. Edward, 560 ; Ethan,
468; John, 244, 9, 285, 821; Eev. John, 207,
2S0; Jonathan, 812, 8, 571; Joseph, 571, 8;
Samuel, 249 ; Eev. Timothy, 568, 9, 574, 5, 6
Amory, Peter B., 686
Anderson, Elizth., 667; James, 390
Andrews, Amy, 68 ; Eev. Jedidiah, 293, 880, 7 ;
Joakim, 56, 8, 68, 85, 6, 160, 196 ; Wm., 68
Andros, Edmund, 178, 188, 9, 190-5, 212, 230,
234-8
Andrus, Mr., 344
Angell, Col., 497, 8
Anne, Queen, 279
Auspach, Col., 454
Aptnorp, Bev. Mr., 543
Argyle, Earl of, 232
Armstrong, Eev. Amzi, 666 ; Francis, 591 ;
Rev. James F., 591, 638
Arnet, Hannah, 623; Isaac, 522, 3, 593, 688;
James, 414, 633
Arnold, Edward, 390
Arthur, Eev. Thomas, 689
Asbury, Eev. Francis, 593, 634, 619
Ashbrook, Eev. Joseph, 621, 3
ABhley, Lord, 46
Atkinson, John, 312; Mr., 423
Atwater, Joshua, 596
Augur, Joseph P., 677
Austin, David, 596; Eev. David, 852, 556, 560,
2, 596-603, 605-618, 624, 632, 648, 666; John,
596; Joseph, 481; Lydia, 597; Mary, 596;
Moses, 557, 653
Axteli, Daniel, 318
Ayars, Eev. James, 621
Ayers, Bev. Enos, 850 ; Moses, 369

Backer, Jacob. 250
Bacon, John, 570
Badgley, Daniel, 323 ; James, 571, 580 ; John,
368, 373, 571

Bailey, Abner, 571 ; Eev. Gamaliel, 620; John,
80,1,2,40,1,51,7,8,60,2,196
Baker, Abraham, 250, 1, 284; Henry, 91, 250,
1, 262, 284, 428, 580 ; Henry M., 678 ; Hille-
gond, 250; John, SO, 2, 57, 61, 2, 8, 5, 7,
96, 102, 4, 112, 121, 149. 157, 9, 162, 3, 170, 188,
196, 217, 9, 228, 9, 259, 284; John, Jr., 312 ;
Margaret, 76, 88, 91, 100, 166, 184, 249, 250,
1, 6 ; Nathaniel, 680 ; Nicholas, 250, 1, 284 ;
Richard, 228, 244, 259, 262, 4, 284, 806, 7 ;
Thomas, 312 ; Thomas, Jr., 571
Baldwin, Joanna, John, Mary, Matthias, Mat-
thiaB W., 381
Ball, David, 889, 400, 501 ; Ezekiel, 886 ; Ste
phen, 501, 650
Ballard, Jeremiah, 525, 557, 562, 602, 659, 661, 2
Bancroft; George, 47, 227
Barber, Francis, 57, 8, 68 102, 137, 159, 172,
266; Col. Francis, 65, 417, 428, 7, 9, 431, 444,
468, 473, 499, 521, 4, 5, 558; Nancy, 468;
Mrs., 481
Barbour, Claude, 58
Barclay, David, 224, 5; Eobert, 211, 8, 9, 286,
9, 261
Barker, Thomas, 261
Barlow, Joel, 696
Barnard, Eev. Thomas, 251
Barnes, Joshua, 208, 251 ; Shamgar, 251, 284 ;
Thomas, 251; William, 251, 9
Barnet, Ichabod B., 415, 469, 580, 553 ; Joseph,
681 ; Judge, 532; Mary, 631; Dr. Wm., 412,
421, 3, 426, 461, 484, 520, 5 ; Mrs., 530
Barry, Eev. Dr. Edmund D., 560
Bartine, Eev. David, 620
Barton, CoL, 463; Ensign, 504, 5
Basse, Jeremiah, 245, 6,279, 298, 803
Bateman, Elizth., 168; Wm. 163; Mr., 206
Bates, Byram, 499 ; Solomon, 823
Bayard, Col., 481 ; Samuel, 836
Beach, Eev. Dr. Abraham, 547, 550, 616
Elisha, 645; Epenetus, 890; Hannah, 645
Henrietta, 646; Eev. John, 338, 34S, 9
Nathaniel, 646; Eiehard, 58, 73, 4, 97, 302,
162, 8, 9, 183, 255, 266; Zophar, 169, 364
Beasley, Eev. Dr. Fred., 608, 617, 8 ; Eev.
Fred. W., Maria, Susan W., 618
Beatty, Maj. John, 465
Bebout, Eev. Sylvester N., 621
Beckwith, Eev. George, 836; Maj., 502
Bedell, Eev. Dr. Gregory T., 681 ; Jacob, 573 ;
John, 571, 3
Beeck, Cornelia, 256
Beers, Eliza, 255
Belcher, Andrew, 877; Andrew, Jr., Elizth.,

44

690

INDEX.

388; Jonathan, 872, 877-384, 9, 899, 542;
Jonathan, Jr., 388 ; Louisa, 378 ; Mary, 877, 8 ;
Sarah, 883
Belden, Eev. Wm., 560
Bellamont, Earl of, 189, 257, 274
Bellamy, Eev. Dr. Joseph, 852, 521, 578, 597, 9
Belt, Col., 481
Bend, Kev. Dr. Joseph G. J., 617
Benedict, Eev. Dr. Joel, 570 ; Thomas, 30, 61, 5
Bennett, Edward, Phebe E., 679
Berkeley. E. Rev. George, 521; Lord John,
44, 5, 7, 58, 97, 129, 181, 148, 150, 2, 188, 405;
Sir Maurice, 45 ; Sir Wm., 47
Bernard, Catharine, 492 ; Francis, 385
Berrian, Eev. Dr. Wm., 547
Berrien, Jane, 642
Berry, Johu, 142, 4, 8, 9, 150, 2, 8, 6, 7, 176
Biddle, Wm. M., 898
Billop, Christopher, 300
Bird, Jeremiah, 505
Bishop, Eev. Horace 8., 621; Eev. Mr., 201;
Mr., 144
Blackman, Sam. C, 560
Blaokney, Godfrey, 424
Blackwell, Eobert, 69
Blades, John, 481
Blair, Eev. John, 844, 592, 4; Eev. Sam., 844
Blakeman, Abigail, Eev. Adam, 326
Blanchard, Andrew, 571 ; Cornelius, 426, 562 ;
John, 251, 265, 306, 810, 8, 9, 320, 1, 385, 410,
2, 4, 425, 6, 7, 480; John, Jr., 812, 8, 507, 517,
560; Lewis, 423, 507, 8, 9; Peter, 812
Blauvelt, Capt, 511
Bliss, Eev. Dauiel, 575; Eebecca, 594
Bloomfield, Capt., 429; Joseph, 655; Thomas,
S3
Boardman, John, 252, 285, 7, 293; Sarah, 252
Boggs, Eev. Dr. Edward B., 682
Bollen, James, 81, 7, 43, 50, 5, 7, 108, 9, 117,
120, 5, 6, 132, 148, 9, 154, 9, 160,4, 9, 181, 4,
198, 4, 213, 263, 270, 5, 6
Bond, Ben., 248, 2S5, 806, 311, 2, 870, 1; Han
nah, 70; Joseph, 57, 8, 69, 70, 91, 122, 159,
164,5, 6, 182, 306; Mary, 70, 284; Eobert,
41, 2, 57, 64, 9, 80, 3, 2, 91, 5, 100, 123, 5,142,
4, 152, 160, 4, 8; Stephen, 70
Bonnell, Ben., 71, 823, 667, 578, 6, 8, 654;
Isaac, 248, 285, 630; Joseph, 123, 806, 810, 2,
3, 5, 820, 1, 372, 885; Nathaniel, 57, 8, 73, 6,
SS, 100, 122, 386, 359, 160, 183, 243, 7, 262,
284, 312; Nathaniel, Jr., 284, 810, 320, 1, 2,
571; Wm., 71; Mr., 468
Boone, Thomas, 885
Borden, Joseph, 407 I
Bostoe, Ann, 171, 184
Bostwick, Eev. Shadrach, 620
Boswell, Eev. James I., 621
Bott, Wm., 412
Boudinot, Elias, 589, 540, 588; Dr. Ellas, 410,
1. 2, 8, 465, 517, 620, 4, 5, 582, 4, 562, 588, 9,
590, 617, 651; Elisha, 484; Hannah, 588, 9;
Susan, V., 589
Bourne, Capt, 287
Bowers, Eev. Nathaniel, 828
Bowne, Andrew, 246, 253, -264
Boyd, Eev. Wm., 667
Boyle, Charles, Jane, 252 ; Solomon, 262, 866,
8 ; Wm., 252
Brackett, John, 57, 8, 70. 1, 122, 8, 125, 6, 160,
1,265
Bradbury, Jemima, Eebecca, Thomas, Wm.,
538
Braddock, Gen., 882
Bradford, Andrew, 824. 8 ; Susan V., 589 ;
Wm., 822, 4, 8, 886 ; Hon. Wm., £89
Bradley, Mr., 876
Brainerd, Eev. David, 847, 8, 9, 894, 682;

JeruBha, 394; Eev. John,| 894, ;5, 6,V>82 ;
Martha, 894
Brant, Wm., 812, 505
Brattle, Eev. Mr., 294
Breasted, Win., 366
Breckinridge, Eev. Dr. John, 898
Brice, Eev. Alex. L, 621
Bridgum. Mary, 61
Brittin, Elihu, 610 ; Wm., 528
Britton, Wm., 428 _
Broadwell, Josiah, 373,576; Mary,252; Wm.,
62, 75, 86, 96, 252, 264, 312, 571
Brooke, Eev. John, 291, 2, 8, 5, 7, 8, 9, 800, 1,
5, 355, 6, 628 , ,_
Brookfield, Capt, 452; Gershom, 505; Jacob,
605 ; Mr., 468
Brown, Eev. Abm., 677; Albert H., 621;
Daniel, 882; Jane, 262; John, 481; Noah,
657; Eiehard, 388 ; Sarah, 89 ; Wm., 244, 8,
258, 284, 674
Bruen, Obadiah, 152, 204
Brush, Eev. Mr., 577
Bryan, Frances, Hannah, Mary, EicharQ,
Sarah, 288 „
Bryant, Elizth., 583; John, 812, 580; Wm,
588; Mr., 452, 8, 430
Buckingham, Eev. Stephen, 828
Buckley, Eev. James, 621
Bndd, Bev. Samuel, 621
Buddel, David, 481
Buel, Eev. Dr. Samuel, 582, 680
Bulkeley, Eev. Peter, SO
Burgoyne, Gen., 464
Burnet, Aaron, Daniel, 253; David, 858;
E. Eev. Gilbert, 287 ; Hannah, 411 ; Dr.
Ichabod, 258, 812, 411; Dr. Ichabod, Jr.,
Jacob, 411; Joel, John, Lott, 253; Martha,
858; Mary, Matthias, 258; Mordecai, 244,
253; Thomas, 105, 258, 411 ; Dr. Wm., 411,
428,9
Burns, Timothy, 424
Burr, Eev. Aaron, 883, 9, 341, 6, 9, 850, 882,
514, 9, 578, 689, 641, 663; Hon. Aaron, 417,
558, 594; Esther, 519, 541
Burrows, Mary, 861 ; Stephen, 861, 878, 545,
610; Thomas, 469
Burton, Elizabeth, 93
BusWrk. See Van Buskirk.
Byllinge, Edward, 178
Byram, Mr., 499

Caldwell, Elias B., 492, 535, 6 ; Esther F., 585 ;
Hannah, 491, 2, 533, 4, 546, 641 ; Bev. James,
430, 440, 9, 450, 7, 479, 493, 8,8, 508, 518-536,
558, 591. 620; James B., 685; John, 513,
John D.', 584; John E., 584, 5; Josiah F,
585; Margaret, 584; Maria, 492, 586; Sarah,
536
Calhoun, John C ., 614
Calkins, Hugh, 70
Camp, John, 571
Campbell, Alex., 609; Archibald, 283; Gen.,
465; Mehetable,609; Lord Neill, 281-4, 255,
274, 282
Caner, Eev. Henry, 848, 9, 548
Canfield, David S., 610 ; Isaac, Margaret, 584
Canterbury, Abp. of, 54S
Capron, Madame, 561
Carle, Jacob, 424
Carlton, Sir Guy, 512
Cavil, Abigail, 684; Eev. Buckley, 688, 4;
Jacob, 671 ; Jonathan, 671 ; Naomi, 684
CarmiehaeljJames, 522 ; Eev. John, Phebe, 354
Carpenter, Hope, 812
Carr, Sir EoWt, 28
Carroll, George, 555

INDEX.

691

Carter, Elizth., 269; James, 654; John, 159,
160, 183; Nicholas, 56, 7, 84, 8, 100,2, 186,8
159, 160, 2, 7, 178, 182, 269, 277; Samuel,
244, 7, 8, 276
Carteret, Amice, Anne, Dowse, Edward, 45,
111; Elizth., 45, 52, 110, 1, 155, 395, 210, 3,
229, 283, 263, 273, 4, 358; Frances, 149, 165 :
Francis, 45, 111 ; Sir George, 44-9, 58, 97.
107, 110, 2, 129, 181, 140, 7, 8, 150, 2, 5, 173
8, 180, 3, 8, 190, 1, 210, 8, 818 ; Sir George, Jr.
210; Gideon, 45; Helier, 45, 111 ; James, 45,
140, 1, 4-9, 150, 1, 4, 5, 6, 161; Judith, Mar
garet, 45; Peter, 111; Peyton, 45; Philip,
43, 4, 8, 9, 50-55, 7, 8, 9, 60, 6, 9, 76, 88, 9, 92,
8, 5, 7, 8, 9, 103, 106-122, 124-8, 180-4, 136-9,
141-9, 157, 160, 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 170, 1, 2, 5,
178-184, 18S-195, 207, 9, 231, 2, 4, 7, 220, 9
281, 2, 257, 285, 9, 290, 308, 318, 824, 869, 405 ;
Eachel, 45, 111,213; Richard, 111; Thomas,
Zouch, 45
Cartwright, George, 28
Carwithy, Caleb, 57, 8, 72, 8, 87, 91, 2, 6, 128,
160, 7, 254; David, 72; Elizth., 78
Case, William, 62
Cauldwell, James, 571, 8 ; Wm., 573
Chalmers, George, 141
Chamberlain, Wm., 269
Chambers, John, 815
Chandler, David, 523, 4, 7; Elizth., 538;
Elizth. C, 550; Hannah, 588; Jane, 471, 5,
551; Jane T., 550; Jemima, 588; John, 871,
380, 5, 588 ; Joseph, Joshua, 53S ; Lydia, 261 ;
Mary, 471, 588, 550; Mary G., Mary E., 550;
Mehetable, Samuel, Sarah, Thomas, 588;
Eev. Dr. Thomas B., 889, 894, 418, 471, 6,
516, 520, 2, 587—551, 3, 576, 614, 628, 630,
679 ; Wm., 471, 538, 550
Channing, Eev. Dr. Wm. E., 618
Chapman, Blanche, 632 ; Hannah, 638 ; Eev.
Jedidiah, 521, 577, 598, 632, 8; Eobert, 682;
Eev. Dr. Eobert H., 682, 8; Thomas, 812
Charles I., 44, 135 ; II., 21, 7, 44, 6, 111, 4, 230,
271
Chatfleld, Admah, 272 ; thomas, 272
Chatterton, Peter, 555
Chauncey, Eev. Dr. Charles, 281, 548, 4; Eev.
Israel, 327, 8
Chesnut, Eev. Ben., 850
Chetwood, Margaret, 212, 890, 1, 664 ; John,
411, 2, 8, 430, 520, 542, 560, 2 ; Wm., 212, 820,
1, 864, 8, 385, 6, 9, 890 ; Wm., Jr., 650, 664
Christophers, Jeffry, Margaret, 254
Chubb, Thomas, 335
.Clais, Jacob, 56, 108
Clarendon, Lord, 46
.Clark, Abm., 586 ; Hon. Abm., 254,. 312, 403,
/ 410, 2, 8, 429, 430, 4, 9, 440, 465, 524, 556, 562.
' 586, 7, 8, 591, 627 ; Dr. Abm., 562, 586^, 647 ;
Benjamin, 854, 312; Daniel, 868; Elias, 571;
Elizabeth, 254 ; Ephraim, 254 ; Eev. George
W., 688; Henry, 812, 3, 580; James, 586;
Jesse, 557, 588; John, 58, 87, 244, 8,254,
270, 284, 294, 806, 810—4, 8, 320, 1, 2, 364, 8,
371,562,573; Eev. John, 620; Jonathan,
424; Joseph, 812; Joshua, 248, 7, 254; Eieh
ard, 79, 104, 243, 4, 258, 4, 270, 284, 812, 586 ;
Eiehard, Jr., 228, 253, 284, 312; Eobert, 628,
635 ; Samuel, 244, 7, 254, 268, 285, 888 ; Eev.
¦ Dr. Samuel, 837; Eev. Samuel A., 681;
Sarah, 586 ; Thomas, 254, 285, 309, 838, 820,
1, 864, 525, 586; William, 806, 312, 321
Clarkson, Eev. David, 632
Claverhouse, 221
Clawson, John, 412, 501, 525, 553
Cleaver, Eev. John, 569
Clement, Eev. Elbert, 611 ; Jonathan, 254, 284
Cleaveland, Mr., 430

Cleuchy, James, 424
Cleverly, John, 572; Eev. John, 838, 867, 568,
572, 629 ; Joseph, 568 ; Thomas, 572
Clinton, DeWitt, 640, 4; George, 876; Sir
Henry, 427, 442, 463, 471, 4, 496
Cloud, Eev. Eobert, 620, 8
Coddington, Asher, 505
Coe, Ben., 637 ; Grover, 571 ; Mary, 571
Cogswell, Eunice, Francis, 569
Coit, Eev. Charles S., 621
Coleman, John, 18
Colie, James, 312
Colleton, Lord, 46
Collins, Anthony, 334
Collyer, John, 393
Colman, Eev. Ben., 344
Colve, Anthony, 174, 5, 6
Condict, Rev. Aaron, 607, 632, 3, 642, 6
Condit John, 649
Conger, Mrs., 886
Conklin, Ben., 57, 108 ; Joseph, Joshua, 108
Connet, Gardner, 580; Henry, 332, 571 ; Mat
thias, 312 ; Moses, 424; Wm., 573
Connor, Eiehard, 467
Conover, Eev. Edward, 683
Cook,Eev. Aaron C, 632 ; Eev. Henry, 632 ;
Eev. Samuel, 545
Cooley, Eev.. Thomas, 682 ; Wm., 287
Cooper, Ashley, 140 ; Daniel, 87, 818, 865, 8,
9 ; Hannah, 268 ; John, 268, 807, 853, 387 ;
Eev. John, 620 ; Mary, 858 ; Eev. Dr. Myles,
413, 471, 545; Eev. Wm., 344
Corey, Ben., 568, 602, 684; Elnathan, 332,
873; Jacob, 254; James, 573; Join, 247,
254, 583 ; Joseph, 312 : Prisctlla, 254
Cornbury, Lord, 277, 9, 289, 291, 2, 7, 800, 4, 5 /
Cornells, Jacob, 159
Comwallis, Lord, 442, 7, 8, 9, 454, 460, 506, 7,
530, 547 .
Cornwell, Eiehard, 41
Coughlon, Michael, 481
Cousseau, Jean, 250
Cowescomen, 30, 1
Cowins, Eev. Jeremiah, 621
Cox, Eev. Charles, 683; Daniel, 305
Cozzens, Mary, 417
Craig, Andrew, 244, 254, 5, 285, 290, 812, 8, 864,
871; Capt., 501; Daniel, 424; James, 255,
821, 580 ; John, 255, 557
Cramer, Elizth., 146, 7; Wm., 57, 78. 4, SO, 91,
2, 3, 103, 2, 4, 139, 148, 6, 7, 159, 162, 8, 9, 70,
183, 243, 4, 272, 8 ,
Crane, Ben., 74; Charles, Christopher, 854;
.Dauiel, 247, 266, 660; David. 557 ; David D.,
634; Elihu, 854; Elizth., 295; Hannah, 266,
854; Henry, 74; Isaac, 295, 854, 573, 658;
James, 635, 674; Jasper, 78, 330, 142, 4, 152, -
807; Jeremiah, 244, 8, 284, 812, 3, 8 ; John,
87, 806, 810—4, 8, 320, 1, 2, 864, 8, 871, 580,
8; Jonathan, 312, 9,' 580; Joseph, 502, 556,
571 ; Lewis, Martha, Mary, 854 ; Oliver, 635 ;
Phebe, 854; Ealph, Sir Eiehard, Eobert, Sir
Eobert, 78; Stephen, 56, 8, 78, 4, 86, 95, 6, 7,
139, 159, 163, 9, 183, 4, 243, 284, 812, 366, 7,
871, 380, 1, 5, 408, 410, 3, 2, 8, 445, 473, 535,
524, 553, 660 ; Thomas O., 295; Wm., 533, 2,
524, 556, 635, 648, 9, 660, 1
Craven, Lord, 46
Crawford, Wm., 571
Crea, James, 431
Creaton, John, 481
Creyk, Henry, 87
Crighton, James, 255, 284 ; John, 255
Crilley, Phineas, 498
Crittenden, Miss, 481
Croes, E. Eev. John, 854, 680; Martha, 354
Cromwell, Oliver, 46, 226

692

INDEX.

Crooke, John, Wm., 287
Croswell, Eev. Mr., 568
Culles, John, 481
Cummin, Lady Margaret 259
Currey, Thomas, 806
Custis, John, 420; Mrs. 420
Cutler, Eev. Timothy, 882

Daggett Naphtali, 576
Dalton, Eev. Timothy, 205
Dalrymple, Joseph, 868, 9
Dankers, Jasper, 141, 155, 187, 192, 290, 654
Darby, Helen, Henry W., 641 ; Hester, Hester
W., 610 ; Eev. John, 569, 640, 1 ; Lucin-
da, 641 ; Wm., 169, 255, 557, 640
Darling, Eliza, John, 255 ; Thomas, 244, 255
Dartmouth, Earl of, 544
Davenport, Eev. James, 898, 5, 568, 574, 686,
637-9 ; Eev. John, 201, 281, 828, 569, 638
Davies, Eev. Samuel, 395, 514
Davis, Capt., 498 ; Dr. Charles, 878 ; Elijah, 806 ;
Isabel, 218; Jacob, 583, 634; John.580; Na
thaniel, 868, 873 ; Samuel, 154, 5 ; Wm., 218,
388
Davison, James, 481
Day, Daniel, 321, 571, 3 ; David, 878 ; John,
107 ; Jonathan, 648 ; Timothy, 571 ; Mrs., 536
Dayton, Elias, 410, 2, 4, 423, 5, 7, 9, 434, 9, 440,
1, 5, 450, 462, 3, 9, 473, 8, 487, 9, 490, 7, 8, 517,
9, 524, 5, 550, 7, 8, 603, 651, 2, 662; Elias B.,
550, 9, 662 ; Elizth., 105 ; Elizth. C, 550 ; Han
nah, J58 ; Horatio E., 562 ; Jane T., 550 ;
.Jonaffian, 312, 8, 9, 821,864, 381,412,445,
515 ; Hon. Jonathan, 500, 9, 524, 5, 582, 556,
8, 9, 560, 2, 8, 595, 618, 652, 662, 3 ; Ealph,
78, 105 ; Eobert, 105 ; Susan W., 618 ; Wm.,
550, 653; Mrs., 440
Dean, Aaron, -567
Deane, Nicholas,'424
De Borre, Col., 462
Deeds, George M., 505
De Hart, Balthazar, 88, 9, 168, 250, 1, 5, 6, 262 ;
Baltus, 100, 256 ; Oatalina, Cornelia, 256 ; Cy
rus, 525, 550 ; Daniel, 76, 91, 108, 7, 168, 248,
250, 1, 5 ; Dr. Daniel, 89, 160, 182, 250, 5, 6,
262 ; Elizth., 256 : Jacob, 250, 5, 6, 885, 8, 589,
542 ; Jannotte, 266 ; John, 889, 411, 2, 425, 8,
430, 1, 448, 488, 542, 5, 557, 560, 2, 8, 592 ;
Margaret, 212, 664 ; Matthias, 212, 250, 5, 6,
296, 589, 664 ; Dr. Matthias, 888 ; Peter, 256 ;
Wm., 256, 582 ; Wm. C, 480, 482
Dejardin, John, 58
Delaneey James, 876 ; Oliver, 476 ; Peter, 238
Delavall, Frances, 149 ; Thomas, 141, 9, 151
Dempster, George, John H., 422
Denman, John, 812, 8 ; Maj., 677 ; Mr., 567
Denton Daniel, 30, 1, 5, 40, 1, 57, 60, 1, 8, 89 ;
Nathaniel, 80, 2, 60, 1, 89 ; Eev. Eiehard,
60, 4 ; Samuel, 41, 61
De Saussure, Henry Wm., 589
Dessigny, Anna, Dr. Peter, 270
De Wint, Christian, Luoinda, 641
De Witt Jannetie, Joannes, 256
Dickerson, Mahlon, 682
Dickinson, Abigail, 852 ; Elizth., 853 ; Eev.
George P., 621 ; Hezekiah, 8z6; Joanna, 827,
8, 34S, 852, 8 ; John, 87, 57, 8, 74, 160, 196 ;
Jonathan, 358 ; Eev. Jonathan, 34, 832, 3,
326-854, 8. 860, 1, 837, 398, 8, 481, 522, 567,
8, 678, 5, 580, 698, 629, 635, 9 ; Martha, 858 ;
Mary, 848, 858, 4 ; Melyen, 828, 862 ; Eev.
Moses, 380, 849, 578 ; Nathaniel, 826 ; Phile
mon, 74, 571 ; Gen. Philemon, 429, 468, 4, 6,
466, 8, 9 ; Temperance, 358
Dietlofsen, Claes, 63
Dillon, Mons., 561

Doane, E. Eev. George W., 681, 2
Dockwra, Wm., 221, 2
Dod, Eev. Dr. Albert B., 658 ; Daniel, 655, 6,
8 : Lebbeus, Stephen, Eev. Tbaddeus, 658
Dodd, Ablathar, 634
Donaldson, Wm., 813
Dongan, Thomas, 221, 280, 4, 238
Doty, Joseph, 671
Doughty, Elias, 41
Douglas, Elizth., Wm„ 588 ^.
Dowse, Ann, 45, 111
Drake, Sir Francis, 78 ; Isaac, 505
Droogestradt Hendrick, Margaret, Mary, 251
Drummond, David, James, 211.
Dudley, Joseph, 239
Duer, Wm. A, 424
Dues, James, 481
Dukeson, Isaac, 481
Dumaresque, Elizth., 45, 110
Dunham Daniel, 321 ; David, 312
Dunn, Capt., 549 ; Eev. Clarkson, 682 ; Eev.
Lewis B., 621
Dupont Mons., 561
Durham, Capt., 505
Dnyckinck, Maj., 437
Dwight Eev. Dr. Timothy, 603
Earle, James, 431
Eaton, Joanna, John, Thomas, 396 ; Thomas,
Jr., 610
Eccleston, Maj., 481, 2
Edwards, Eunice, Frances, 417 ; Eev. Jona
than, 852, 4, 380, 393, 5, 417, 514, 541, 598, 9,
637; Eev. Dr. Jonathan, 519, 570, 641 ; Mary,
641; Pierpont Ehoda, 417: Timothy, 417,
519 520
Edsall, Samuel, 37, 142, 4
Efflngham, Lord, 233, 274
Egbert Mrs., 473
Egberts, Garret, 159
Elcock, Anthony, John, Mary, Sarah, Thomas,
257
Eldrington, Mary, 391
Eliot Eev. Jared, 327, 332 ; Eev. Joseph, 201
Elizabeth, Queen, 45
Elliott Bishop, 294
Elmer, Apollos M., 626 ; Edward, 576 : Eev.
Jonathan, 532, 569, 576-9, 622, 6, 643 ; Jona
than, Jr., 579; Lieut, 525 ; Moses G., Nathan,
Philemon, Sarah, 579
Elstone, Peter, Sarah, 266; Thomas, 423
Elsworth, Stoffel, 26
Embury, Eev. Philip, 619
Emmett Thomas Addis, 656
Emott, George, 257; Jane, 540; James, 79,
105, 213, 7, 220, 237, 8, 257, 272, 288, 9, 807,
8, 858, James, Jr., 257; John, 257. 539, 540;
Mary, 257, SOS, 358, 540 ; Wm.,.257
Endicott John, 49
Erskine, Anne, S5S, 860 ; John, 243, 8, 257, 8,
285, 860; Eev. Dr. John, 852; Robbin, 25S
Euen, Wm., 889
Everard, Eev. Thomas, 620
Everett, Eev. Noble, 642
Everit John, 505
Everson, George, 428
Every, Mr., 257
Ewing, Hannah, Eev. John, 353

Fabrltius, Rev. Jaoob. 251
Fairbank, James C, 677
Farrand, Samuel, 819
Farrel, James, 90
Farson, Joseph, 4S1
Felch, Eev. Isaao N. 621

INDEX.

693

Feltus, Eev. Dr. Henry J., 560
Fenn, Ben., 24 ; James, 815
Fenwiok, John, 178
Ferris, David, 574
Field, Col., 463
Finley, Esther F., Eev. Dr. Eobert, 535; Eev.
Dr. Samuel, 844, 391
Fish, Elizth. Ann, 644; Hannah, 648; Jane,
642; Jane E., 644; Jobn.402 ; Eev. John
B., 644 ; Jonathan, 642 ; Kenneth H, 648 ;
Nathaniel, 642 ; Eev. Peter, 632, 642-4 ; Sarah,
402 ; Susan M., Thomas F, 644
Fisher, Hendrick, 407
Fish, John, 481
Fitch, Samuel, 283; Thomas, 366 '
Fletoher, Ben., 239, 240, 2, 274 ; Hope, 205 ; Mary,
205, 7, 8, 268 ; Pendleton, 209 ; Eobert, 205 ;
Eev. Seth, 205-9, 314, 268, 280
Floyd, Jeremiah, 287
Folker, John, 469
ForbesjArthur, 224 ; Nathaniel, 258
Force, Ben., 571 ; Eev. James G., 688
Ford, Jaoob, 453 ; Jacob, Jr., 446, 450-3
Fordham, Eev. Lemuel, 642 ; Eev. Eobert, 59,
64, 201, 6, 281
Forman, Gen., 464
Forater, Myles, 170,218; Eebeeca,218
Foster, Rev. Dr. James, 387; John, 30, 61, 105,
204 ; Thomas, 61
Fountaine, Mons., 121
Fox, Edward, 98 ; Hester, 640
Foxcroft, Eev. Thomas, 331, 5, 342, 3, 4
Franklin, Ben., 387, 370; Wm., 475, 551
Frazee, Edward, 284, 306; Eliphalet, 378;
George, 626; James, 469; James, Jr., 476 ;
Joseph, 57, 8, 62, 7, 74, 5, 90, 159, 169, 170,
183, 248, 270, 8, 284; Josepb, Jr., 571 ; Isaac,
580; Lydia, 626; Moses, 580
Freeman, Henry, 610 ; Jonathan, 873 ; Melanc-
thon, 571; Silas, 424
FrelinghnyBen, Col. Fred., 475
Frost, Abner, 580,; Elizth, 62 ; John, Sarah,
106 ; Wm., 59, 62, 75
Frucker, Wm., 481
Fullerton, James, 80, 241 ; Eiehard, 398 ; Bobert
226, 241; Thomas, 241 ¦
Fulton, Bobert, 654

Gaine Hugh, 464, 7, 9, 476, 500, 1
Gale, Amy, 577 ; Daniel, 306
Galloway, Joseph, 470
Gano, Eev. John, 585
Gardener, Ann, 296
GardinerfLion, 90; Eev. Mr., 616
Garrison, Ben., 481
Garritse, Henry, 411
Garthwaite, Ann, 258, Henry, 258, 821, 589,
542, 5; James, 258; Jeremiah, 545, 628;
Wm., 258
Gault Robert 476
Gay, Dr. Edward, 258, 278 ; John, 259
Gates, Horatio, 420, 464 ; Mrs., 420
Gee, Eev. Joshua, 844
Geliton, Bev. Samuel, 830
Gemmil, Eev. Johu, 603
George,!, 307; II., S-^S
Germain, Lord George, 435, 441, 471
Gerritsen, Wolfert, 102
Gibbons, Thomas, tit 6, 7
Gifford, Capt, 480, 1, 651
Gilder, Eev. Wm. H., 621
Giles, Alfred, 607; Jane, 605 ; Rev. John, 601-7
Gillies, Rev. Dr. John, 688
Gilman, Charles, ,657 ; Edward, 812
Gilmore, Eev. Alex., 621 '
Goddard, Wm, 554

Godden, Thomas, 866
Goodrich, Elizur, 399, 597 ; Sir Henry, 243
Gordon, Charles, 226 ; Thomas, 481 ; Thomas
F., 112, 141
Gormond, John, 481
Gough, Charles, 481
Gould, Daniel, 259; John, 244, 259, 2S4, 306;
Nathan, 156 ; Thomas, 809
Graham, John, 891 ; Mr, 189; Mr, 415
Grahame, James, 132, 141
Grant, Eev. John, 585
Graves, Zachary, 57,108
Gray, Capt, 433; Hannah, 75; Isaiah, 424;
John, 56, 8, 62, 75, 160, 7, 178, 4. '4, 481;
Eichardson, 610, 653
Grazillier, Elias, 387
Green, Eev. Dr. Ashbel, 844, 450 ; Eev. Jacob,
349, 677
Greene, Nathaniel, 497
Griflin, Eev. Dr. Edward D, 638, 666, 670
Griffiths, Capt, 888
Griswold, Eoger, 597
Groome, Samuel, 211, 1, 5, 6, 9, 221, 5, 273
Grover, Elizabeth, Simon, 636
Gunn, Jaspar, 24

Hacket, Ann, James H, Thomas, 402 ; Wm.,
386
Hackson, Jonathan, 481
Hagerty, Eev. John, 623
Haige, Mary, 218 ; Wm, 218, 221
Haines, Ben, 78, 424, 686; Daniel, 78, 825;
Isaac, 505; James, 78, 100, 170, 184, 284;
James, Jr, 78, 806 ; Job, 562 ; John, 57, 8, 78,
160, 270, 284, 806 ; Jonathan, 78, 285; Joseph,
505, 522; Mary, 78; Eiehard T, 678; Sam
uel, 580, 3; Sarah, Stephen, Thomas, 78,
Hair, George, 511
Hait, Mrs. A, 643 ; Eev. Ben, 491, 577, 641, 2 ;
James J, Mary, 643 ; Walter, 641
Hall, Eiehard, 812 ; Thomas, 102 ; Wm, 805
Hallard, Elizth, 98
Halliday, Eev. Thomas, 829, 357, 8, 9
Hallock, Gerard, 670
Halsey, Daniel, 412, 523, 7 ; Isaao, 259 ;- Joseph,
244, 7, 259, 284, 812, 8, 365 ; Luther, 660 ;
• Melyen, 481 ; Thomas, 259 ; Wm, 650
Halstead, Caleb, 523; Caleb, Jr, 528, 610 ; Dr.
Caleb, 445, 476; John, 820, 1, 364, 371, 880, 5,
453, 589, 542 ; Jonas, 204 ; Matthias, 421, 484,
5, 625 ; Eobert, 570 ; Susannah, 640 ; Timo
thy, 40, 1 ; Wm, 627, 557, 562, 610
Hamilton, Andrew, 284, 6-9, 241, 5, 7, 261,279,
283, 803 ; Alexander, 521; Eunice, 626; John,
816, 849, 367 ; Theod. J, 626
Hammond, Mr, 651
Hampton, Andrew, 244, 7, 259, 260, 2, 4, 6, 270,
5, 235, 290, 806, 539 ; James, 259, 277, 368 ;
Jonathan, 212, 820, 1, 2, 878, 888, 9, 412-6
421, 433, 539, 542, 5, 558, 586 ; Margaret, 259,
260, 290
Hancock, John, 421
Hand, Gen, 494, 5
Hankisson, Hannah, Kenneth, 643
Hardy, Josiah, 385, 542
Harper. Messrs., 670
Harriman, Alex, 288; Ann, 2S3; David, 292;
Elizth, 265, 281; Hannah, 288; John, 265,
•281; Eev. John, 78, 161, 4, 7, 170, 206, 241,
4, 9, 251, 2, 4, 5. 8, 259-263, 265-8, 270-8, 275-
8, 281, 2, 285-298, 5, 7, 811, 2, 635 ; John, Jr,
244, 8, 264, 8, 283, 8, 292, 8, 806, 7, 385 ; John,
8d, 361, 542 ; Joseph, 258 j Leonard, 288, 8 ;
Mary, 283; Eiehard, 258, 283, 7, 806, 321;
Samuel, 78, 288, 526; Sarah, 861 ; Stephen,
312; Wm, 283, 412, 484, 517, 557

694

INDEX.

Harris, Arthur, 260 ; Daniel, 57, 75, 260 ; George,
Henry, 75, 260; John, 445; Thomas, 208,
284
Harrison, Daniel, 864 ; Edward, 260, 1 ; Henry,
260 ; John, 260, 1, 287 ; Joseph, 307; Wm,
260
Hart, Jeremiab, 571; Eev. John, 827, 832;
Joseph, 272
Hartwell, Harry, 835
Hatfleld, Aaron, 423, 525 ; Abel, 469 ; Abel S,
77 ; Abigail, 482, 648 ; Abner, 617 ; Abraham,
78, 244, 8, 277, 285 ; Andrew, 263; Cornelius,
78, 244, 7, 8, 264, 284, 5, 821, 881, 8, 5, 7, 8,
890, 412, 482, 515, 523, 7 ; Cornelius, Jr., 472,
6,480,-2,500. 1,8, 6, 7, 510, 650, 1; David,
505, 7, 638 : Hannah, 445, 626 ; Isaac, 78, 243,
262, 285, 890, 523, 588 ; James, 469 ; Job, 469,
480 ; John 8, 423, 469, 472, 480, 500, 2, 7, 8,
513, 651, 2; Joseph, 462; Maria, 78; Mary,
264, 284, 5, 617 ; Matthias, 57, 8, 68, 8, 76, 7,
8, 81, 5, 9S, 9, 303, 186, 159, 170, 1S3, 4, 200,
264; Matthias, 2d, 812, 820, 1, 5, 836, 864, 6,
7, 879, 883, 5, 6, 407, 417, 445, 622, 8, 553;
Matthias, Jr, 580, 3 ; Michael, 550 ; Morris,
445, 610 ; Phebe, 325, 445, 517 ; Thomas, 76 ;
Wm, 507
Hatter, Ben, 248, 261
Haviland, John, 476
Hawkins, Eev. Dr., 413
Hawley, Eev. Dr., 6S0
Hays, Samuel, 554
Hazen, Moses, 483, 3
Headley, Leonard, 57, 8, 66, 7, 76, 88, 9, 91, 5, 8,
103, 6, 122, 159, 160, 6, 182, 253, 264; Thomas,
89
Heard, Nathaniel, 437, 469, 622 ; Wm, 500
Heath, Wm, 447, 450, 1, 2
Heathcott, George, 194
Hedges, Henry P, 636 ; Uriah, 571 ; Mr, 654
Heermans, Augustine, 20
Hemphill, Rev. Samuel, 337
Hendricks, Abraham, 324, 5, 368, 9, 571 ; Baker,
, 472,502,8,4,8, 9,510; Daniel, 825; Isaac,
325, 369, 580; Jabez, 825; John, 825, 424,- 557,
610 ; Leonard, 825
Henlock, Joshua, 807
Hennessey, Eev. Patrick, 684
Henry, Eev. Hugh, 850; Rev. Matthew, 577
Heron, John, 261
Herrick, John, 261, 284
Hevener, Eev. Jacob, 620
Howard, Rev. Jonathan B., 621
Hewitt, Randal R, 81
Higgins, Ben, Eliakim, Jonathan, .Judah, 261 ;
Lydia, 262; Mary, Richard, 261; Thomas,
.262 ; Wm, 261 ; Zerah, Zeruiah, 261, 2
Higginson, Eev. John, 206
High, John, 580
Hill, Abraham, 247; Ben, 823; Henry, 58;
Eev. Isaac N, 683; Thomas, 318, 821 ; Wm,
58, 72, 159, 160, 378, 183, 244, 277, 284, 5
Hillyer, Rev. Dr. Asa, 682, 8, 644, 5, 6
Hobart, Eev. Gershom, 206, 281 ; E. Rev. John
H, 450, 550, 608, 9. 679 ; Mary G, 650
Hobbes, Thomas, 834
Hodge, Rev. Dr. Charles, 883, 673
Hoffman, Beulah, 580: Eev. Dr. Eugene A.,
682, 8 ; Llndley M, Martin, 530
Holdich, Eev. Dr. Joseph, 621
Holt, Sir John, 242
Homan, Ben, 57, 8, 79, 122, 159, 160, -8; John,
79
Homes, Henry, 169
Honyman, Eev. James, 348
Hooper, Wm, 442 ; Mr, 189 ,
Hopkins, Hannah, 66, 161, 184, 272; Mobps,
82; Samuel, 57, 71,100,186,164-161, 175, 6,

184, 196; Samuel, Jr, 161 ; Eev. Dr. Samuel,
582, 630
Hopkinson, Joseph, 656
Horsley, Charles, 31
Horsmanden, Daniel, 863
Horton, Eev. Azariah. 846, 578, 4, 636 ; Barna
bas, Ben, Caleb, Elizth, Jonathan, Joshua,
686; Eev. Simon, 846, 8S6, 673, 7, 636, 7
Hosaok, David, 682, 640
House, Erasmus, 5S
Howard, Francis, 233, 274
How, John, 876
Howe, Earl Eiehard, 449,450; Sir Wm, 435,
440, 8, 9, 450, 4, 6, 460, 2
Howell, Edward, 283; Eev. Isaac P, 684;
Mary, 288 ; Micah, 571
Hoyt Thomas, 424. See Hait.
Hubbard, Abigail, George, 83, 94 ; Hannah, S3
Hubbell, Ahijah, Asa, 582; Ebenezer, 581;
Elizth, Esther, Hezekiah, Lois, Mary, 582 ;
Rev. Nathaniel, 812, 8, 4, 883, 581 ; Nathaniel,
Jr, 477, 582; Richard, Jr, Samuel, 5S1; Su
sanna, 582
Hudson, Henry, 17
Hughes, Catharine, 171 ; R. Eev. John,6 72
Hull, Andrew, 169
Hume. Catharine, Hannah, Jane, 262 ; John,
262, 8, 9
Humes, John, 674
Humphreys, Eev. Dr. David, 299; James, Jr.,
470
Hunt, Eunice, 417; Eev. Holloway W, 667:
Robert, 437
Hunter, Eev. Andrew, 474 ; Eobert, 305
Huntington, Barnabas, 679 ; Col, 447, 493 ; Eev.
Jonathan, 677; Lady, 8S0 ; Mary, 679
Hnrst, Eev. Dr. John F, 621
Hutchinson, Eev. Eobert, 620 ; Samuel, 43, 9.
50 ; Lieut., 505
Hyde, Edward, 279
Hylton, Mehetable, Wm, 609

Ibbotts, Eev. Dr, 387
Iliff, Eev. Ben., 620
Indes, John, 262, 2S4
Ingersoll, Abigail, Thomas, 327
Inglis, E. Eev. Dr. Charles, 548, 9
Ingoldsby, Eiehard, 305
Irvine, Wm., 47S, 496
Irving, Washington, 440

Jackson, James, 365
James II, 230, 2S3-S ; tfev. Thomas, #, 90, 200, 1
Jfmes, Eev. Dr. Edmund S, Rev. Edwin L.,
621
Jans, Henry, 159
Jansen Anthony, 173 ; Mary, 251
Jacques, Col, 4S8
Jardinier, Pierre, 187
Jefferson, Thomas, 649, 651
Jefferys, Caleb, 199, 248, 812, 8 ; Thomas, 812
Jelf, Joseph, SS8, 480, 593
Jennings, David, 812 ; Zebulon, 5S0, 8
Jerolaman, Cornelius, 655
Jewell, Cornelius, 297; George, 89, 92, 199,
200, 218, 7, 245, 251, 6, 262, 3, 2S4, 296, 7, 807 ;
Sarah,296 ; Thomas, 262
Jewey, Peter, 287
Johnes, Eev. Dr. Timothy, 850, 574, 7,595
Johnson, James, 433,4; Rev. Jethro, 620. 8;
John, 79, 244, 807 ; Mary. 248 ; Eobert '79 ;
Eev. Dr. Samuel, 79, 832, 8, 848, 9, 537, S,
642, 551 ; Thomas, 79, 268 ; Uzal, 571 : Wm,
66, 8. 62, 72, 79, 84, 90, 94, 104, 128, 159, 167,
172, 188 ; Eev. Dr. Wm. S, 680

INDEX.

Johnston, Margaret 212, 890, 664; Wm, 868,
Johnstone, James, 227
Joline, Andrew, 819, 820, 1, 364, 885 ; John, 891
Jones, Dr., 585; Edward, SO, 424; Rev. Elipha
let 80; Jeffry, 57, 8, 62, 6, 72, 80, 1, 7, 90, 4,
104, 128, 8, 138, 142, 159, 183, 241, 2, 8, 6, 284;
Eev. John, 80; Wm, 578
Jouet, Ann C, Mary, 665 ; Cavalier, 469, 477,
542, 553, 665
Joy, George, 550
Justice, Eev. Jesse, 620

Kalm, Peter, 374
Karman, John, 59
Kawameek, 37
Kearney, Michael, 321
Keith, Eev. George, 255, 9, 289, 291
Kelley, Eev. Ben, 621 ; Mary, 388
Kellogg, Edward N, 6S6; Elijah, 674
Kelsey, Joseph, 306
Kempshall, Eev. Everard, 674
Kennard, Eev. Samuel S, 620
Kennedy, Capt, 475
Ker, Jacob, Eev. Jacob, Joseph, Nathan, Eev.
Nathan, Walter, 569
Kerr,'Joseph, 253
Keteltas, Abraham, 899 ; Eev. Abraham, 382,
898-402, 518,4; Abraham, Ann, Clarissa,
Elizth. 8, Jane, John, Mary, Philip D, 402 ;
Sarah, 399, 402
Kidd, Capt, 257
Kieft, Wm.,64
King, Charles, 430
Kingsland, Peter, 460
Kinney, Alex., 262, 3, 284,7; Alice, 268; Tho
mas, 263, 8, 285
Kinsey, James, 431
Kirk, Eev. Dr. Edward N, George, 670
Kirkland, Eev. Samuel, 570
Kirkpatrick, Eev. Wm, 518
Kirtland, Eev. Daniel, John, Eev. Dr. John
T, Eev. Samuel, 292
Kitchell, Joanna, Eobert, 202
Knolt, Philip, 481
Knot, James, 481
Knowlton, Maj, 439
Knox, Henry, 544
Knyf, Capt, 158, 174
Knyphausen, Gen, 454, 486, 7, 8, 493
Kollock, Henrietta, 667; Eev. Dr. Henry, 607,
8, 9, 617, 644, 6; Mehelable, 609; Shepard,
525, 8, 554, 5, 562, 598, 9,602, 688, 667; Su
sanna, 633
Kregier, Martin, 26, 102
Lacy, David, 571, 6
La Fayette, tMarquis de, 534
Lamb, John, 247, 263, 573, 580 ; Eev. Joseph,
573; Samuel, 268, 578; Thomas, 263; Mr,
416
Lambert, David, 312; Jesse, 162; John, 162,
284, 806, 832, 580; John, 3d, 812; Oliver,
Eodolph, 162 ; Eoger, 58, 72, 3, 80, 99, 100,
159, 162, 3, 183, 4, 248, 7, 262, 284
Lane, Aaron, 559, 568, 595, 653, 9
Lathrqp, Joshua, 597, 611 ; Lydia, 597
Laud, Elizth, 169
Laulon, Ann, Maximilian, 253
Law, Eiehard, 24
Lawrence, Abraham, 58, 268; Col, 463;
Elizth, James, 195 ; John, 59; Jonathan H,
559, 562; Joseph, 195, 218, 274; Mary, 195,
267, 808 : Eiehard, 195, 287, 419 ; Samuel,
Sarah, Thomas, Wm., 195

Lawrensen, Peter, Sophia, 263
Lawrie, Gawn, 90, 218-222, 4, 227-281, 283,
241, 265, 282, 8; Isabel, James, Mary, Ee
becca, 218
Leagry, Wm., 268
Learning, Eev. Dr. Jeremiah, 548, 576
Leavenworth, Mr, 430
Lee Adam, 423; Ann, 268; Charles, 425, 450,
3,526; John, 476; Eiehard, 565; EichardH,
482, 497, 8, 9 ; Samuel, 415, 424 ; Thomas,
261, 3, 284, 424 /
Leisler, Jacob, 236, 7, 8, 242, 274
Lomington, Abigail, 492
Lemke, Rev. Henry, 684
Leonards, Thomas, 56, 80
Le Roax, John, 287
Leslie, Gen, 452, 8
Letts, Elizth, 169; Wm, 67, 74, 6, 81, 99, 104
137, 8, 148, 162, 8, 8, 9, 170, 182 .
Leverett, John, 294
Leverich, Rev. Wm, 201, 264
Leveridge, Samuel, 264
Lewis, Warren, 420
Lilly, Rev. Samuel, 560, 618
Lincoln, Ben, 534
Lindsey, Theodorick, 4S3
Lindsly, Col, 452
Linn, Eev. Dr. John B, 594, 604 ; Eev. Dr.
Wm. A, 594, 5
Lithgow, Patrick, 313
Littell, Andrew, 571 ; Anthony, 163,571 ; Com
fort 163; Constance, 163,7, 884; Daniel, 863,
9; Eliakim, 456, 8; George, 168; John, 78,
86, 8, 91 , 9, 108, 359, 162, 8, 7, 9, 3 83, 243, 7, 264,
8,273, 837, 580; Jonathan, 162, 276; Martha,
Mary, 163; Mosee, 580; Eobert, 163, 806, 321 ;
Samuel, 285, 571
Livingston, Brockholst, 424; Catharine, 466;
Eev. Dr. John H, 595, 644 ; John E., 655, 6, 7 ;
Maturin, Peter E, 592; Peter V. B, 636;
Philip, 404 ; Eobert J, 592, 655, 6, 7 ; Robert
E, 654 ; Sarah, 883 ; Susanna, 557, 592 ; Wm,
870, 404; 430, I, 2, 425, 427-430, 4, 6, 7, 8, 440
2, 3, 6, 8, 465, 6, 470, 1, 2, 4, 7, 489, 503, 524,
5, 8, 533, 552, 6, 7, 560, 5S2, 8, 680; Wm, Jr,
424; Wm. 8, 592
Locke, John, 140, 1
Lockwood, Rev. Richard B, 621
Loftis, Edmund, 264
Logan, James, 838, 9
Looker, Henry, 170; John, 248, 284, 821 ; Wm,
74, 9, 169, 170, 244, 7; Wm, Jr., 276, 2S4
Long, Thomas, 501, 5
Lore, Rev. Dallas D, 621
Lovelace, Lord John, 124, 8, 9, 130, 5, 6, 141, 9,
156,804,5
Lowrey, Stephen, 393
Lubbersen, Abraham, Andrew, Josias, 77
Luce, Wm, 388, 469, 472, 553
Ludlam, Joseph, 832
Ludlow, Jeremiah, 571 ; Mr, 431
Ludlum, Cornelius, 580
Lumox, John, 481
Lutonewach, 87
Lutton, Rev. Eobert, 620, 1
Lybrand, Eev. Joseph, 620
Lyde, Byefield, 383
Lyon, David, 525; Ebenezer, 244, 7, 284, 806;
Elizth, 163; Hannah, 284; Henry, 58, 81, 2,
90, 100, 109, 159, 168, 6, 182, 4, 5, 217, 8, 229,
243, 7, 277, 284; John, 240; Joseph, 244, 8,
266, 284, 886, 517, 528,7; Joseph, Jr, 562;
Mary, 164; Matthias, 625; Mathaniel, 244,
2S4; Peter, 571; Thomas, 150, 164

McCarroll, Eev. Thomas, 621

696

INDEX.

McCloud, Capt, 475
McClusky, Rev. John, 620
MoCord, John, 676
McCrea, Philip, 504
McDougall, Alex, 458
McDowell, Elizth, Ephraim, Henrietta, 667 ;
Eev. Dr. John, 2S8, 694, 652, 9, 660, 2, 666-9,
671, 5; Matthew, 667
McFarland, Andrew, 481
McKnight, Eev. Dr. John, 644
MoLenahan, Eev. Wm, 620
McMichacl, Capt, 603
McVickar, Eev. Dr. John, 547
McWhorter, Rev. Dr. Alex., 582, 4, 558, 577,
584, 598, 5, 7, 607, 648-6, 666 ; Alex. O, 650
Macarty, Mr, 428
Mackenzie, Sir George, 221
Madison, James, 655
Madox, Wm, 264
Magie, Ann F, Ben, Catharine P, 675 ; Eev.
Dr. David, 673-6; Haines, Hannah, Jane B,
Job, 675; John, 244, 7, 265, 285, 812, 7, 864,
674; John, Jr, 812, 675; Joseph, 812, 674,
5; Michael, 674 ; Phebe, 675
Maltby, John, Mary, 283
Manamowaouc, 80, 1
Mangum, Judith, 669
Mann, Elias, 500, 1,8; Joseph, 199, 815, 864,
385; Mary, 212; Samuel, 212, 424
Mannard, Sophia, 263
Manning, Ben, 818; John, 69; Sarah, 172
Mannlngham, Mary, 69
Manverte, John, 287
Mapes, Eebecca, Thomas, 106
Marsh, Christopher, 412 ; Daniel, 821, 571 ;
Elias, 677 ; Ephraim, 821, 410, 2, 428, 580, 3,
Ephraim, Jr, 474,508; Isaac, 605; Jonathan,
580; Joseph, 805, 476; Joseph, Jr., 806;
Joshua, 812, 3 ; Mordecai, 627 ; Noah, 609,
532; Eobert, 247; Samuel, 57, 76, 81, 7, 101,
4,188, 142, 359, 160, 170, 188; Samuel, Jr,
67, 83, 98, 159, 160, 173, 188, 270, 820, 1 ; Mr,
415
Marshall, George, 476
Martin, Henry, 243, 264 ; James, 264 ; Johu,
109, 164, 264
Mary, Queen, 286,8
Mason, Eev. Dr. John M, 670
MaBters, Thomas, 288
Mather, Eev. Cotton, 201, 294; Rev. Dr. In
crease, 206, 298
Mathew, Edward, 487; Lieut, 490, 3, 5, 9, 580,
1,2
Mathies, Catharine, 262 ; John, 262 ; Samuel, 2S
Mattano, 80, 1, 7
Matthews, Samuel, 264
Mattocks. Grace, 264 ; John, 265 ; Lewis, 265 ;
Eiehard, 243, 264; Wm, 265
Maverick, Eebecca, 588; Samuel, 28, 111, 128,
9, 180, 538
Maxfield, John, 269 ; Wm, 571
Maxwell, Abigail, 654; John, 580; Wm, 458,
4, 5, 8, 9, 468-474, 7, 487, 9, 494, 7, 652
Mayhew, Eev. Dr. Jonathan, 643
Mayo, Maria, 661; Mr, 480
Mead, Eev. Alex. II, 621
Meeker, Ben, 79, 81, 2, 96,3, 100, 122, 142,159,
160, 4, 5, 8, 183, 248, 4, 8, 284,7,806,582;
Daniel, 812; David, 400, 490, 674; Gabriel,
424 ; John, 248, 8, 284, 812, 680, 8 ; Joseph, 57,
81, 2, 98, 100, 122, 188, 159, 160, 4, 6, 183, 223,
248, 7, 284, 7 ; Joseph, Jr. , 428, 6 ; Mary, 674 ;
Matthias, 657; Obadiah, 625, 556, 7; Samuel,
885, 390; Wm, 57, 81, 186, 8, 9, 142, 3, 4, 6,
150, 1, 169, 160, 5, 171, 6, 182, 186, 424
Metgs Josiah, 696
Melyen, Abigail, 84, 208; Cornells, 62. 8: Dan

iel, 84, 293 ; Hannah, 88, 94; Isaac, 83; Jacob,
66, 7, 72, 9, 82, 8, 93-6, 101, 126, 7, 157, 9, 170,
4, 182, 5, 293, 827 ; Janneken, 82; Joanna, 84,
296, 327, 8; Magdalena, Marian, 83; Eev,
Samuel, 84, 298, 5, 6, 7, 301, 6, 826,7; Su
sanna, S3, 4, 293
Mercer, Hugh, 436-9, 441, 8
Merchant George, 89S
Merrick, Eev. John, 620, 3
Merritt, Eev. Timothy, 620
Micheau, Maria, Paul, 561
Michell, Ellen, 137; Eiehard, 58, 104, 137, 6,
142, 8, 168, 9, 181, 3, 6; Simon, 187
Mllburn, Mary, 540; Eobert, 888, 540
Miles, Elizth, 265; John, 90, 243, 8, 265,7,284,
7; John, Jr, 265; Joseph, 518 ; Leonard, 265,
812; Martha, 267 ; Mary, Barab, 265
Miller, Aaron, 386, 400; Eev. Alex, 642; An
drew, 266; Bev. Ben, 585; David, 412, 509;
Eev. Dr. D. Henry Miller, 688 ; Elizth, 853 ;
Hannah, 266; Joanna, 585; John, 266, 424,
5S0, 8 ; Eev. John, 296; John, Jr., 424 : Jon
athan, 266, 353; Moees, 571; Richard, 312,
424, 469; Samuel, 260, 285, 312, 8,7; Eev.
Dr. Samuel, 853, 398, 606; Sarah, 266,858;
Wm, 248, 4, 7, 266, 284, 818, 839, 873, 580
Mills, Eev. Dr. Henry, 560 ; Isaac, 476 ; Joseph,
530; Thaddeus, 653; Eev. Wm, 620
Mitchell, Jacob, 244, 8, 266,806; James, 169:
Mary, 169, 266 ; Matthew, 266; Mr., 561
Mittens, John, 58
Monmouth, Duke of, 233
Montague, James, 545
Montgomery, Richard, 660
Moore, E. Eev. Ben, 548, 550, 617, 679 ; Dan
iel, 469, 654 ; Frances, 172 ; James, 469 ; John,
85; E. Eev. John, 549 ; Eev. Eiehard, 550;
E. Eev. Richard O, 'Eev. Richard C, Jr,
6S1 ; Samuel, 98, 127, 148, 148, 9, 163, 173, 6,
181, 2 ;.Thomas, 57, 8, 68, 76, 81,4, 5, 8, 94, 9,
160, 172, 8, 183, 248, 2S5 ; Eev. Thorowgood,
800
Morehead, Miss, 409
Morehouse, David, 806; Deacon, 571; Samuel,
424, 481 ; Stephen, 624
Morgan, Daniel, 460 ; Bev. Joseph, 323, 830, 1 ;
Mr, 580, 1, 2
Morrell, Abraham, 579 ; Catharine, Elizth. B,
Eunice, Eunice T, Eev. Francis A, 626;
Jonathan, 619, 622; Joseph, Lydia, Mary,
Samuel, 626; Sarah, 579; Thomas, 622;
Eev. Thomas, 423, 525, 620, 622-6 ; Mrs, 619.
620,6
Morris, Dennis, 244, 273 ; George, 58, 76, 82, 98,
106, 159, 165, 6, 183 ; John, 807, 312, 3S6 ;
Lewis, 288, 800, 3, 820, 849, 871, 7; Bobert
438 ; Eobert H, 320,367, 8; Thomas, 165
Morrison, James, 481
Morse, Amos, 506, 542, 557; Aathony, 563;
Isaac, 561,2.627,669, 676; John, 469; Jo
seph, 200, 812, 7; Joseph, Jr., 317, 8, S3S, 865,
885 : Lydia, 278 ; Mary, 962, 266 ; Peter, 67,
8, 68, 85, 6, 7, 96, 146, 169,163, 7, in, 188,248,
317 ; Eobert 67, 8, 85, 6, 96, 7, 101, 6, 189,
. 146, 169, 171, 183, 248, 252, S, 273, 284
Moyland, Capt, 500
Mudie, David, S26
Mulford, Ben, 635; Isaac S, 112,141; John,
481; Jonathan, 571; Lewis, 586, 59S, 635;
Mahlon.678; Mr, 95
Mulliner, Thomas, 269
Munagal, Henry M, 423
Mundy, Nicholas, 146
Murdock, Patrick, 659
Mure, Son, & Atkinson, 423
Murray, Beulah, 530; Eliza J, 671 ; John, 414,
5 ; Joseph, 869, 872; Judith, 669 ; Mary, 530;

INDEX.

697

Nioholas, 669 ; Eev. Dr. Nicholas, 112. 295,
528, 669,-674 ; Eobert 414, 530
Myndersen, Jan, 63
Nealson, Capt, 388
Neau, Elias, 267, 300
Neillj Capt, 436; Col, 554
Neilson, Col, 475
Neu, Eev. Christian, 684
Nevill, Mr, 370
Newman, Francis, 83
Newton, Bryan, 23; Rev. Mr, 201
Nicholls, Capt, 214; Jonathan, 424
Nicholson, Francis, 235
Nicoll, Wm, 242, 4, 267 ; Matthias, 242
Nicolls, Eiehard, 28, 9, 32, S, 6, 7, 8, 40, 3, 4, 7,
50, 1, 2, 7, 63, 109, 116, 7, 8, 121, 5, 8, 9, 130, 2,
149, 153, 219,|220, 8, 238, 241, 2, 8, 304
Nesbitt, Mungo, Sarah, 283
Noble, Eev. Birdseye G, 680
Noe, John, 267, 284; Mary, 267; Peter, 243,
267
Noell, Garret 445, 553 ; Mrs, 532, 4
Norreys, Lord, 210
Norris, Eev. Edward D, 165; Henry, 58, 66, 81,
2, 6, 98, 159, 160, 4, 5, 6, 173, 182, 240, 3,
7, 267, 272, 284, 309 ; James, 456 ; John D,
676; Samuel, 318, 557 ; Samuel, Jr., 318
North, Elizth, 276
Norton, Nathaniel, 58, 86
Nott, Bev. Samuel, 679
Nugent Mons, 561
Nutman, Hannah, 352 ; Isaac, Joanna, John,
381; Eev. John, 353; Phebe, Sarah, 381

Odell, Elizth, Eunice, Joanna, Jonathan, Tem
perance, 353
Odle, John, 821
Ogden, Aaron, 325, 394, 407, 417, 445, 462, 3,
472, 3, 7, 497, 500, 521, 4, 5, 556, 8, 588 ; Abra
ham, 426; Anna, 394; Barney, 423; Ben, 65,
159, 160, 211, 4, 8, 277, 284, 6,7, 306, 676;
Brig. Maj, 474; Daniel, 162; David, 57, 8,65,
6, 74, 80, 95, 159, 170, 183, 546; David, Jr,
366, 445, 515, 522, 3, 7, 593; Francis B,
George M, 558; Hannah, 445, 515, 558, 626;
Isaac, 253, 411, 470; Jane, 64; Jane C, 658;
John, 32, 7, 8, 50, 56-9, 61, 8, 5, 9, 72, 4, 5, 89,
102-5, 110, 2, 5, 8, 120, 3, 5, 6, 8, 143, 6, 152,
157-160, 4, 7, 174, 6, 184, 193, 6, 9, 234, 271,
284,286,324,331,7,407,515; John, Jr, 57,
S, 65, 6, 76, 89, 100, 138. 9, 142, 159, '161, 6,
183,243, 277, 318, 336; John, 3d, 515, 543;
Judge John, 546; John C, 521; Jonathan,
57, 8, 65, 6, 76, 100, 6, 122, 159, 166, 183, 244,
7, 8, 277, 284, 312, 331, 519 570; Joseph, 65,
6, 89, 91, 132, 159, 160, 184, 253, 285, 336; Dr.
Joseph, 645 ; Eev. Dr. Joseph M, 671. 3 ;
Josiah, 319 ; Lawyer, 571, 8 ; Lewis, 428 ;
Mary, 417; Matthias, 325, 394, 407, 417, 445,
462, 3, 472, 3, 7, 497, 500, 52L 4, 5, 556, 8, 588 ;
Moses, 381, 390, 417, 426, 494, 515, 7, 525, 610 ;
Nancy, 417, 468; Peter V., 558; Phebe, 444;
 Ehoda, 417 ; Eobert, 65, 812, 321, 5, 331, 6, 7,
407; Hon. Eobert, 364, 880, S, 4, 8, 390, 1, 4,
406, 7, 8, 412, 7, 42L 5, 6, 8, 444, 5, 462, 517,
523, 4, 553, 655 ; Eobert Jr, 446, 519,524, 570,
588 ; Samuel, 806, 434, 626 ; Samuel, Jr, 445,
Uzal, 546; Eev. Dr. Uzal, 546, 550, 6, 594
Ogilvie, Eev. George, 550
O'Hara, Gen, Helen, 641
Oliver, David, 81, 7, 159, 160, 183; David, 2d.
509 ; Ichabod, 476 ; John, 86; Jonathan, 469
Margery, 629; Samuel, 244, 284, 469, 629
Samuel, Jr, 806; Thomas, 86 ; Wm, 57, 8.

86, 98, "6, 104, 186, 159, 160, 138, 284, 505;
Wm., Jr, 505
Opdyke, Gisbert, 64 ; Eev. Sylvester H, 621
Orr, Eev. Eobert, 829, 830
Osborn, Isaac, 812 ; Jeremiah, 37, 67, 87,160
247, 265, 268, 284 ; John, 87, 812, 868, 571
Joseph, 57, 8, 83, 2, 7, 95, 106, 122, 159
Eiehard, 87 ; Stephen, 68, 85, 122, 186, 146
159, 160, 8, 188, 228, 243, 4, 7, 277, 284
Thomas, 87, 95 ; Thomas, 2d, 578
Pack, Elizth, 273 ; George, 57, 8, 68, 72, 88, 94,
5, 7, 102, 8, 187, 8, 148, 159, 160, 2, 8, 8, 172,
183, 248, 253, 278, 284 ; Samuel, 75
Painter, Eiehard, 57, 8, 72, 88, 9, 160, 8, 182,
Pardee, George, Martha, 267
Pardon, Anna, 174, 184 ; Wm, 58, 74, 82, 5, 6,
95, 7, 8, 125, 132, 6, 8, 9, 142-151, 168, 9, 170,
6, 181, 2, 4, 6, 398, 218, 253
Parent John, 267 ; Wm, 267, 285
Park, James, 876
Parker, Ben, 173 ; Hyde, 420 ; James, 870, 1 ;
John, 57, 89,105, 160, 173, 182, 196, 248, 284 ;
Sir Peter, 442 : E. Eev. Samuel, Eev. Ste
vens, 683
Parkhurst, Ben, 67, 66, 76, 98, 110, 159. 164, 5,
6, 173, 182, 204, 217, 8, 220, 306 ; George, 166 ;
Martha, 79
Parrish, Eev. Daniel, 621
Parrott, Wm, 671
Parsel, Price, 423 ; Swain, 509
Parsons, Elihu, 424 ; Wm, 412, 571
Partridge, Mary, Wm, 877
Patterson, Andrew, 481 ; Eev. James B, 676 ;
John, 555; Wm, 63 ; Gen, 501
Fanlet Eachel, 45
Payne, Mary, Thomas, 74
Peabody, Annie, John, 172
Peach, Ben, Elizth, Jane, 605
Pearce, John, 244, 262,- 7, 8, 9
Peck, Rev. Jeremiah, 57, 88, 100, 110, 166, 8,
171, 183, 4, 201—5, 276, 281, 806; Samuel,
202, 5 ; Wm, 201
Pemberton, Eev. Dr. Ebenezer, 846, 9, 351, 519 ;
Ebenezer, Jr, 519, 520
Pendleton, Bryan, Mary, 205
Penn, John, Eiehard, Thomas, 812 , Wm, 209,
211, 6, 8, 287, 815
Pennekek, 89
Pennington, Judge, 660-
Peppard, Eev. Francis, 577
Pepys, Sam, 52"
Periam, Elizth, 521 ; Joseph, 520, 1, 5, 558 ; Jo
seph, 521
Perrin, Daniel, 58, 117
Perth, Earl of, 211
Peters, Hugh, 165
Peterson, Moses, 57, 103
Pettit Ben, 873, 557, 571
Peutinger, Eiehard, 58, 98, 251
Pierce, Daniel, 118, 9
Pierson, Eev. Abraham, 121, 152, 201, 8, 4, 7, 9,
268, 280, 829; Eev. Abraham, Jr, 2S1, 327, 330 ;
Ben, 207, 8, 268, 284, 7 ; Daniel, David, 580 ;
Henry, 207, 8, 9, 268 ; Isaac, 682 ; John, 312,
571, 8, 635 ; Eev. John, 329, 830, 1, 6, 341, 9,
851 ; Jonathan, 424, 525 ; Joseph, 207 ; Mary,
207, 8, 258,268 ; Euth, 386; Sarah, Theodore,
207; Theophilus, 307 ; Wm, 530, 8
Piko, John, 118, 142, 4
Pile, Eev. Simeon, 620
Pilmoor, Eev. Joseph, 616
Pinhorne, William, 237, 305
Pipon, Elias, James, Philip, 165
Plowman, Mr, 288

698

INDEX.

Plum, Elizth, Martha, Mary, 853
Pollock, Eunice, Thomas, 417
Pool, Wm, 887
Pope, John, 58, 89,90, 159, 183,4,243,284;
Mary, 89 ; Thomas, 57, 89, 160, 7, 178, 196
Potter, AmoB, 667 ; Capt, 429 ; Daniel, 812, 9,
. 822, 885, 571 ; Hannah, 268 ; John, 268, 287,
517, 528 ; Noadiah, 812, 821, 557 ; Samuel,
268, 806, 310, 2, 412, 557
Poulain, Susannah, 58, 168
Powell, Catharine, Elizabeth, 173 ; Richard, 108,
163, 171 ; Roderick, 56, 108, 171
Pownall, John, 644 ; Thomas, 384
Preston, Charles, 409
Price, Abraham, 481 ; Ben, 57, 70, 90, 1, 2, 8,
3.22, 160, 4, 188, 5, 217, 8, 229, 234, 266, 284,
306 ; Ben, Jr, 58, 91, 100, 122, 188, 240, 8,
284, 306 ; Ben, 8d, 823 ; Daniel, 90, 240,4, 8,
258, 284, 804, 6, 522, 4 ; David, 610 ; Ebene
zer, 528 ; Edward, 431, 483, 610 ; Elihn, 674 ;
Ephraim, 91, 136, 159, 160, 241, 4, 284, 832, 886 ;
Farrlngton, 424 ; John, 284 ; Jonathan, 522, 8,
598 ; Mary, 172 ; Nathaniel, 821 ; Oliver, 480 ;
Ealph, 481; Tenrub, 481, 610 ; Thomas, 71,
91, 100, 159, 160, 248, 284, 296, 806, 312, 3,
820,1,885,610
Pricegaer, Andrise, 105, 269
Prime, Eev. Ebenezer, 395 ; Eev. Dr. Nathaniel
8, 686 ; Eev. Dr. S. Irenasus, 674
Prince, Eev. Thomas, 344
Prior, Andrew, 571
Prou, Ellen, 58, 137
Provost, R. Eev. Dr. Samuel, 550, 616
Prudden, Eev. John, 283, 297, 880
Pruket, E, 481
Pumroy, Eev. Samuel, 330
Pyles, Wm, 51, 7, 68, 73, 5, 85, 7, 9, 136, 159,
166, 183, 270
Pyne, Eev. Smith, 680

Quigley, Thomas, 428, 512

Eadcliffe, John, 279
Eadley, John, 269, 284, 821 ; John, Jr., 269,
880,8
Eagan, Eev. John, 620
Eahl, Col, 454
Eamsey, David, 570
Eam5den, Wm., 424
Eamseur, Wm, 525
Eandel, Capt, 467, 509
Randolph, Sec, 235
Bankin, Eev. John C, 673
Eatliffe, Elizth, John, Wm, 269
Eaulins, Nathaniel, 269
Eaybold, Eev. Geo. A, 621
Eaymond, Joshua, 888 ; Mary, 588
Rayner, Eev. Menzies, 550, 615, 6, 7, 620
Eeading, John, 884
Bedford, Andrew, 262, 9 ; Hannah, 262 ; John,
269 ; Wm, 268, 9
Eeed, Eev. Israel, 850 ; Joseph, 436, 470, Mr,
507
Beeve, Abner, 639 ; Tapping, 417, 519, 620
Eeid, John, 99, 807
Eeinhart, Eev. Edwin H, 677
Remington, Jonathan, 294
Eendort, Henry, 481
EenBSelaer, John, 287
Bencastle, Lieut, 474
Eeynolds, Broughton, 553
RheeS Rev. Morgan Jr., 671
Richards, Eov. Aaron, 540, 680,1,.2, 648; Aaron,
Jr, 680 ; Alexander, Betsey, 631 ; Eev. Dr.
James, 646 ; Jane, John, Lydia, 630 ; Mary,

631 ; Moses, 630 ; Samuel V, 681 ; Susannah,
630, 1 ; Thomas, 630 ; Wm, 631
Elohardson, Wm, 269, 284
Ricketts, James, 562 ; Miss, 471 ; Col. Wm,
358, 874, 6, 539
Eiggs, Joseph, 411
Riker, James, 264
Elvington, James, 401, 414, 464, 8, 479, 4S0, 1,
4, 510, 530
Eoberts, Bev. Georgey616 ; Hambleton, 505 ;
Hugh, 70 ; Mary, 70 ; Bev. Wm. C, 676, 8
Robertson, Gov, 486,491 ;[Eobert S, 536 ; Wm,
571
Eobins, Lewis, 605, 9
Eobinson, James, 287 ; Jeremiah, 677 ; John,
812, 8, 680 ; Eev. John, 76 ; Wm, 74, 270, 3
Eodman, Eobert, 376
Eodgers, Eev. Dr. John, 595, 7, 606, 643 ; Eev.
Dr. Eavaud K, 678
Eoe, Eev. Dr. Azel, 577, 597, 607, 632, 3, 643 ;
Jane E, Sylvester, 644
Boebly, John, 481
Eogers, Anna, 270 ; Eev. James O, 621 ; Na
thaniel, 868; Eobert, 270; Eev. T. 8, 6S3;
Capt — , 422
Bolfe, Samuel, 578
Eoll, John, 571
Eonyon, John, 424 ; Martha, 172 ; Vincent 68,
188, 143, 168, 172
Eopes, Jonathan M, 677
Rosier, Abraham, 481
Eoss, Andrew, 653 ; Constance, 167, 384 ; Dan
iel, 284, 7, 580; Daniel, Jr., 312; David, 423,
532, 557; Ezekiel, 583 ; George, 58, 78, 9. 88,
102, 4, 186, 159, 163, 7, 183, 218, 220, 243, 271,
8, 284, 884; George, Jr., 248, 285, 812, 321,
884, 432, 542, 560, 2 ; Gideon, 258 ; John, 248,
284, 312, 820, 1, 4, 5, 873, 381, 4, 410, 880, 627 ;
Maj. John, 525, 557 ; Mary, 381, 899 ; Samuel,
571,8
Eouse, Alice, 170, 2, 270 ; Mary, 172, 270 ; Simon,
58, 79, 81, 98, 104! 159, 169, 171, 182
Rowland, Dr, 58 ; Michael, 4S1
Eudd, Eev. Dr. John C, 86L 544, 659, 678, 9,
680; Jonathan, Mary, Phebe E, Samuel, 679
Budyard, Anne, Ben, John, Margaret 211 ;
Thomas. 90, 8, 211, 3. 215-9, 221, 9, 231, 270, 288
Euagles, Timothy, 407
Rush, Jacob, 570
Eussell, Wm, 271
Eutan, Peter, 571 1
Eyno.John, 812; Mr., 582
Eyon, John, 4S1

St Aivre, Mons, 561
St. Clair, Arthur, 488
St John, Eev. Oliver S, 677
Sale, DanieL 271; Edward, 271, 81S; Ephraim.
271 ; Obadiah, 244, 7, 270, 1, 2S4
Salisbury, Evan, 57, 8, 78, 91, 2, 159, 168, 9, 1S3
Salnave, Nancy, 431
Salter, Mr, 504
Sanderson Edward, 676
Sandford, Wm, 185, 163
Sanford, Elijah, 6S0
Sargent Eev. Thomas B, 621
Sayre, Daniel, 243, 285 ; Edward, SSS ; Ephraim,
671 ; Ezekiel, 312 ; Francis, 286 ; Hannah,
615; Isaac, 671: James, 806; Job, 16S; Jona
than, 287 ; Joseph, 63, 82, S, 92, 6, 8, 122, 159,
161, 7, 8, 188, 248, 265, 2S1, 515 ; Thomas, 168,
259,285; Bamuel, 248, 285
Sohellinger, Jaoob, 83
Sohuyler, Peter, 212, 813, 824, 890; Philip, 4SS
Scot George, 225
Scott, Alexander, 271; Capt, 460; Hannah,

INDEX.

699

854 ; John, 271 ; Capt. John, 47, 69 ; John
M, 894, 576; Moses, 854; Winfield, 661
Scudder, Ephraim, 582, 580, 8; Isaac, 481;
John, 306, 818, 821, 557, 580 t Mai., John
581, 2 ; Richard, 571
Seab'ury, B. Eev. Sam, 688, 548, 576
Sealey, Samuel, 424; Capt, 452
Searing, Samuel, 812 ; Simon, 312
Sears, Isaac, 435, 6
Sedgwick, Theodore, 370, 558, 641
Seeley, John Nathaniel, Obadiah, 110 ; Eobert
51, 7, 108,9, 133, 166, 196, 204
Seggln, Charles, 58
Selleck,. David, 287
Sergeant, Abigail, 852; Elihu S, 353; Hannah,
352, 8; John, 353, 898; Hon. John, 398;
Jonathan, 352, 8; Jonathan D, 852, 398;
Margaret, 853 ; Sarah, 853, 398 ; Thomas, 853,
398
Servaes, Tyss, 159
Settin, Josiah, 41
Sewak, Herones, 81,7
Sewall, Eev. Joseph, 844 ; Samuel, 84
Sewanam, 107
Seward, Eev. John, 620
Seymour, Henry, 678
Shaekmaple, Mr., 290; Mrs. 274, 290, 861
Shaftesbury, Earl of, 140
Sbarpley, Eev. John, 620
Shay, James, 481
Sheddan, Eev. Dr. Samuel S, 673
Shephard, Eev. Samuel, 297 ; Eev. Thomas, 60
Sherlock, E. Eev. Thomas, 540
Shotwell, Abraham, 66, 8, 88, 92, 3, 109, 160,
183 ; Daniel, 98 ; John, 98, 812 ; Joseph, 314 ;
Samuel, 412
Shreve, Col, 498
Shuldham, Adml, 485 .
Shute, Barnaby, 392 ; Wm, 525, 557, 562
Simcoe. Col, 488
Simonsbn, Simon, 424; Mr, 159
Simpkin, Daniel, 93 ; John, 93, 4, 184 ; Michael,
56\ 98, 4, 159, 196; Nicholas, Vincent, 93
Simpson, Alexander, 578 ; John, 571
Sinclair, Sir John, 409
Singletary, Joho, 158, 9
Skillman, Thomas, 56, 108
• Skinner, Cortlandt. 462, 4, 5, 7, 471, 4, 481, 4,
501, 8 ; E. Eev. John, 549; Eiehard, 58, 88,
159, 168, 256; Susannah, 168; Eev. Wm,
301 ; Wright, 318
Slarret, Albert, 481
Sloane, John, 476
Slough, Col, 446
Sloughter, Henry, 289, 242
Sluyter, Peter, 155, 187
Smallwood, Wm, 462
Smedes, Jan, 63
Smith, Blanche, 682 ; Eev. Caleb, 849, 350, 3,
630. 9; Eliaa P, 250; Elizth, 195, 358;
Ezekiel, 654; Hannah, 584; Jane, 853;
James E, 534; Jeeamiah, 480; Jeremiah,
412, 426, 439, 489; Martha, 853; Moses, 560;
Nanoy, 853; Nathaniel, 572; Peter, 631;
Richard, 195, 271, 877, 433. ; Eobert, 89, 245,
271, 284; Samuel, 112, 887, 414, 428, 469, 477,
562; Eev. Samuel, 607, 644, 5; Eev. Dr.
Samuel S, 617; Sarah, 76, 271, 899; Su
sanna, 631; Wm, 899; Wm, Jr, 870, 894,
576, 592, 630 ; Bev. Wm, 620; W. Belcher P,
4S0, 1, 592; Wm. Peartree, 389, 390, 410, 1, 2,
8, 480, 4, 515, 9, 520, 4, 588, 553, 583, 630,;
Wm. W, 610; Eev.— ,288
Snell, Capt, 158, 174
Snodgrass, Eev.— , Eev. Dr. Wm. D, 596
Soper, Jacob, 88
Sonmans, Peter, 805

Southard, Samuel L, 656
Southwell, Wm, 557
Spalding, Miss, 532
Spencer, Anna, 894 ; Eev. Dr. Elihu, 398-S ;
Elizth, 898; Isaac, Jared, Jerusha, 394;
Joanna, 896, 7 ; John, 898 ; Joseph, 894 ;
Lydia, 898 ; Margaret 858, 898 ; Martha,
Mary, 894 ; Oliver, 894, 412, 428, 6, 452, 5, 523
4, 5 ; Eobert 424 ; Samuel, 394 ; Sarah, Va
leria, 898
Spinning, Abigail, 83, 294 ; Ben, 806, 517, 9,
520, 2 ; Daniel, 294 ; Ebenezer, 284; Humph
rey, 57, 79, 83, 4, 5, 94, 6, 101, 159, 167, 183, 4,
294 ; John, 580
Spraggs, Mary, 615 ; Eev. Samuel, 546, 550, 562,
614, 5
Sprague, Rev. Dr. Wm. B, 678
Spring, Eev. Dr. Gardiner, 670 ; Eev. Dr. Sa
muel, 521
Sproat, Eev. Dr. James, 582, 680
Bquier, Ben, 580
Stair, Earl of 370, 1
Btanbrough, Admah, 272; Isaac, 409; Josiah,
89, 248, 272; Becompense, 412 ; Sarah, 272
Stark, John, 497, 8, 9
Stearns, Eev. Dr. Jonathan F„ 112
Steele, Eev. John B, 670; Wm, 562
Steenwyck, Cornelius, 66, 141, 277, 286
Stevens, Rev. Dr. Abel, 616 ; Rev. Joseph, 620
Stevenson, James, 560
Steward, Capt, 480
Stewart, David, 424; Jane, 571; Neal, 481
Sttbbin, Elizth, 376
Stiles, Eev. Dr. Ezra, 394, 576
Stites, Elijah, 5S0 ; John, 864, 880, 5, 418 ; John,
jr, 469,476; Wm, 667
Stockton, Hannah, 588; Job, Mary, 445; Eieh
ard, 850, 898, 588 ; Eiehard V, 462
Storms, Eev. Wm, 620
Stout Timothy B, 423
Stow, Eev. Samuel, Thomas, 205
Strahern, Wm, 244, 7, 272, 284, 806, 312
Stratton, Eev. Thomas, 620
Street, Eev. Nicholas, 203, 281 ; Eev. Nicholas,
2d, 60S
Strickland, John, 22, 23. 60, 89 ; Thwait, 59
Strong Eev. Job, 395 ; Eev. Nathan, 629
Stubbs, Mrs, 435
Stirling Gen, 471-4, 484, 7, 8, 494, 9 ; Lord,
816, 869, 420-9, 460, 9, 478, 9, 494
Sturridge, Samuel, 163, 272 ; Wm, 572
Stuyvesant, Margaret, 250, 1 ; Peter, 23-6, 89,
88, 119, 218, 250
Sullivan, John, 459, 462, 8, 481, 592, 654, 663
Sutphen, Mary, 571
Sutten, Ambrose, 41
Swain, Mr, 143, 4
Swaine, Joshua, 257 ; Matthias, 389
Swan, Jedidiah, 412, 557
Swift, Zephaniah, 596
Swinton, Isaac, 213
Sybrants, Alice, 103
Symes, Martha, 233
Symmes, Eunice 569 ; John Cleves, 452, 532,
569, 663 ; Euth, 568 ; Eov. Timothy, 540,
568, 9, 574, 5, 637 ; Wm, Eev. Zachary, 568
Symons, Hester, 162

Talbot, Eev. John, 289, 800, 855
Taney, Eoger, 672
Tappen, Asher, 467
Tapping, Abraham, 118; Joseph, 287
Tapray, Madame, 561
Tatham, John, 239
Taylor, Edward, 287; John, 53; Col. John,
560 ; Eev. John, 643 ; Eev. Joseph, 282

700

INDEX.

Teale, Elizth, 379
Templar, Col, 409
Tennent Eev. Gilbert, 839, 844, 878, 585 ; Eev.
Wm, 844, 590
Terret Peter, 507
Terrill, Ephraim, 812, 885, 6, 410, 2 ; John, 812,
8, 823 ; Josiah, 312, 378 : Eoger„272 ; Thomas,
272, 285 ; Mr, 505
Terry, Thomas, 580
Tennisen, Dirck,359, 174
Tew, Eiehard, 278. Bee Toe.
Thacher, Dr. James, 491, 2
Thane, Eev. Daniel, 850, 540, 569, 639, 640
Thelwell, John, 287
Thomas, David, 278, 505 ; Edmund, 423, 525 ;
Edward, 212, 278, 824, 412. 423-7. 448, 542,
557,562, 8, 654 ; Elias, 278 ; Esther, Fiftie, 273;
John, 247, 278, 428, Margaret 278; Mary,
540; Eev. Samuel, 620
Thompson, Aaron, 72, 93, 5, 7, 9, 101, 159, 160,
183,4, 284, 7,671, 645; Ben, 491; Hannah,
645; Henrietta, 640; Hur, 58, 76, 81, 2,95,
122, 188, 142, 6, 159, 160, 4, 8, 178, 188, 4, 255;
Jacob, 645 ; John, 244, 8, 284, 5, 806, 812; Jo
seph, 615; Lieut, 499; Mary, 7S, 284, 5;
Moses, 57, 8, 82, 8, 95, 122, 159, 188, 243, 284,
312, 491; Stephen, 645; Eev. Stephen O,
633, 645, 6, 671 ; Thomas, 57, 8, 94, 5, 122,
146, 169, 160, 176, 183, 196, 248, 284, 645 ; Wm,
Thorel], Maria, 58,117
Thorpe, Elizth, 171 ; George, 244, 273, 284;
Thomas, 171, 273
Thwinton, J, 272
Tilley, Abigail, 297 ; Wm, 84
Tindat, Matthew, 885
Tobin, Thomas, 886, 390 1
Todd, Christopher, Grace, 264 ; Eev. John, 514
Toe, John, 78, 100, 262, 270, 3 ; Lydia, Sam, 278
Toland, John, 334
Tolleson, Eev. James, 620
Tompkins, Daniel D, 657
Tooker, Jacob, 469 : John, 505, 557, 563 ; Jo
seph, 812, 414
Totten, John, 572 ; Eev. Joseph, 620
Townley, Charles, 357, 9, 261 ; Elizth., 218 ;
Francis, 274 ; James, 821 ; Joanna, John,
274; Mary, 213,274, 861 ¦; Nicholas, 274;
Eiehard, 674 ; Col. Eiehard, 91, 218, 229, 288,
7, 9, 240, 274, 5, 285, 9, 290, 6, 8, 808-6, 8,
324, 856-9 ; Sarah, 261
Townsend, John, 41
Trail, John, 428
Treat Frances, 288 ; John, 807 ; Joseph, 288 ;
Eev. Joseph, 618 : Eobert, 24, 119, 128, 180,
• 6, 142, 3, 4, 258 ; Eev. Sam, 204, 844 .
Trembly, John, Mary, 267 ; Peter, 509
Trotter, Ben, 282, 6,; Eev. Isaac, 621 ; Samuel,
74, 159, 184, 284 ; Wm, 57, 8, 85, 6, 95, 160,
184, 196, 258
Tryax, Jacob, 159, 174
Tryon, — '-, 485, 441, 487
Tucker, Charles, 57, 8, 73,86,94,6,104, 187,
159, 182 ; Charles, Jr., 284, 7 ; John, 96 ;
Lewis, 610 ; Warren, 580
Tunis, Nehemiah. 610 ; Peter, 825
Turner, Hannah, Nathaniel, 161
Turton, Eev. Wm. H, 683
Tuttle, Daniel, 85 ; David P, 654 ; John, 96 ;
Nathaniel, 67, 8, 74, 96, 146, 159, 169, 171, 1S3,
4, 248, 284 ; Sarah, 88 ; Wm, 96
Tyler, Samuel. 557
Tympany, Maj, 469
Urquehart, Eov. Mr, 866
Usquehart, John, 206

Vail, John, 865
Valentine, Eiehard, 571
Vallot Claude, 58,110, 188, 7, 166
Van Artsdalen, Abraham, 570 ; Alletta, 571 ;
Cornelins, Eev. Dr. Cornelius C, Derick,
570 ; Elias, Elizth, 571 ; Hendrick, 570 ;
Isaac, 570, 1 ; Eev. Jacob, Jacobus, 570 ;
Jane, 570, 1 ; John, 670 ; Mary, Petronella,
Philip, Simon, Simon J, 570
Van Benschotten, Eev. Sanford, 621
Van Buskirk, Abraham, 480, 1
Vance, Kennedy ,r572
Van Cortlandt, Maj, 287, 8
Van Cowenhoven, Jacob, 302. See Wolver
son.
Van Curler, Mr. 121
Vanderbilt Cornelius, 657
Van du Schuyrens, Mr, 63
Van Dorn, John L, Susannah, 644
Van Dyck, Jane, 570
Van Dyke, John, 525
Van Home, Bev. Eiehard, 621 ; Rev. Wm,
585
Vannest Eev. Peter, 620
Van Eensselaer, Kilian, 102
Van Tienhoven, Mr, 86
Van Werckhoven, Cornells, 20, 1
Van Winckle, Mr, 567
Van Wyck, Mrs,535
Varlet Abraham,/l58."
Vaughan, Eev. Edward, 257, 308, 370, 829, 332
7, 855-362, 587, 9, 628 ; Jane, Eev. Eobert
356 ; Gen, — , 454, 6
Vauquellin, Jean, 97; Eobert, 43,8, 57, 8, 71, y
6, 81, 2, 97, 100, 112, 122, 5, 182, », 142, 8, 15S.
_al@ 5, 8, 170-S, 182, 4, 198, 213, 3, 232
Vergereau, Abigail, Maria, Peter, 561
Vicars, Eobert, 218
Vincent, Mr, 74
Vredenbnrgh, Rev. John I, Sarah, 536

Wade, Ben, 62,72,81, 5, 90, 4,161,9,170,2,
188, 244, 8, 263, 9, 312, 626 ; Caleb, 491 ; Cath
arine, 626 ; Henry, 498 ; John, 312, 491 ; Jon -
athan,562; Rev. Nathaniel, 828,830; Nehe
miah, 520, 2, 5 ; Eobert 172, 806, 812, 491,
567
Wakeman, Eev. Jabez, 293
Wales, Mr, 561
Walker, Nancy, 110 ; Eiehard, 580 ; Capt, 497 '
Eev. Mr, 201
Wallis, Robert 68
Walvin, Henry, 275, 234
Wandler, Andrew, 2S7 •
Wareham, Mr, 87
Warinanco, 81
Warne, Stephen, Thomas, 221
Warren, Eev. Dr. Daniel F, 6S3 ; Geoigs,
Grace, John, 275
Washington, George, 418, 420, S, 480, 1 , 4, 6, 7,
8 , 441, 2, 445-8, 454, 5, 8, 464, 8, 470, 1, 8, 5,
7, 481, 8, 7, 8, 9, 490, 6, 8, 600, 2, 6, 526, 680, 4,
658, 605, 6, 610, 622, S, 652 ; Martha, 420
Waterbury, Rev. John H, 688
Waterland, Eev. Dr. Daniel, 844,5-
Watkins, Ben, 812 ; Eev. Hezekiah, 630
Watson, Elizth, 75 ; Luke, SO, 1, 2, 37, S, 56, 7,
62, 8, 72-6, 79, 80, 1, 6, 7, 95, 101, 112, 5, 7,
8, 128, 7, 184, S, 9,142, 169, 167, 171, 3, 182,
196, 252, 4 ; Peter, 225, 2S0 ; Sarah, 62
Watts, Eev. Dr. Isaac, 698
Webb, Eev. John, 844; Eev. Joseph, 828, 881 ;
Col.-,49S
Webster, Noab, 696; Eev. Eiohard, 686
Weeks, George, 428
Welles, Eev.TDr. Noah, 5S2, 680 ; Philip, 221

INDEX.

701

. », 9
Weasels, John, 2ST
Westbrook, Eev. Eiohard B, 620
Westerlo, Eev. Eilardus, 644
Wetmore, Eev. James, 832, 845
Wheeler, Esther, Nathaniel, 275 ; Stephen, 424
Wheelwright, Rev. John, Eebecca, 588
Whitaker, Jonathan, 312
White, Agatha, Ann, 99 ; Dennis, 57, 8, 68, 76,
85, 95, 9, 104, 8, 160, 9, 183, 255 ; Hannah^
633 ; Joanna, 274 ; Mary, 168, Eoberts, 58,
99,100,1,104,162,8,182
Whitefield, Eev. George, 889, 341, 5, 860, 877,
880,482,514,6,542,582,642
Whitehead, David, 886, 517, 528, 553 ; Grace,
275; Isaac, 57, 71, 82, 8, 91, 8, 9,122, 159, 160,
1, 4, 174, 181, 2, 6, 217, 220, 8, 240, 8, 258,270
5, 284, 806 ; Isaac, Jr, 67, 78, 100, 159, 160, 188 ;
John, 99 ; Joseph, 244, 284 ; Nathaniel, 244,
284, 6, 806 ; Samuel, 55, 241, 4, 7, 271, 285,
809, 812 ; Timothy, 637 ; Wm. A, 112, 141 ;
Mr. — , 567
Whiting, Eev. Joseph, 330
Whitman, Eev. Samuel, 294
Whitney, Eev. George H, 621 ; Rev. Josiah, 899
Whittlesey, Mr, 882
Willoox, James, 525 ; Peter, 571, 580
Wilkins, Rev. Dr. Isaac, 418
Willet, L. Col, 479 ; Thomas, 64
William, the Conqueror, 45, 274
William, of Orange, 236, 8, 269, 279
William and Mary, 286, 8
Williams, Anne, 560; Capt, 556; Daniel, 312,
446; David, 275; Elias, 627; Eev. Dr. Eliph
alet, 630; Esther, Hester, 275; John, 886,
5S0 ; Jonathan, 412, 517, 9, 522, 3, 7 ; Joseph,
247, 275, 810, 1, 2, 8, 8 ; Joseph, Jr., Josiah,
Matthew, 275; Miles, 812; Nathaniel, 275;
Samuel, 248, 275, 517, 522, 8, 628 ; Samuel,
Jr., Sarah, Susannah, 275
Williamson, Ben., 664 ; Capt, 556; Isaac H,
562, 650, 668, 4, 5; Isaac H, Jr, 665; Jacob,
664 ; Margaret, 324, 664 ; Matthias, 863, 885,
8, 9, 412, 431, 448, 5, 6, 8,589, 540, 668; Mat
thias, Jr., 430, 480, 1, 521, 540, 560, 2, 618, 664 ;
Mathias H, 562 ; Bir Philip, 242 ; Susan, 648 ;
Susannah, 540, 664 ; Wm, 199, 212, 824, 545,
664
Willis, Daniel, 610; John, 247, 276,812,469;
Joseph, 269, 312; Samuel, 152, 244, 276;
Wm, 610
Willock, Mr, 859
Wilmer, Catharine, 626, Eev. Wm. A, 621, 6
Wilson, Andrew, 658; Ann F, 675; Ebene
zer, 244, 277, 286; Elizth, 276; James,
675 ; John (the great), 68, 160, 5, 173, 182,
196 ; John (the little), 58, 95, 106, 146, 159,
160, 5, 6, 9, 173, 188; Eev. John, 80; Joseph,
87, 228, 243, 276, 7, 284; Samuel, 72, 276, 7;
Mrs. — , 431
Winans, Aaron, 610 ; Ben, 881, 445, 515, 7,
522, 8, 5, 591, 627; Dr., 484, 508; Isaac, 412;
Jacob, 626 ; John, 56, 8, 76, 81, 4, 94, 9, 101,

186, 160, 188, 4, 264, 270, 284 ; Lieut, 488 ;
Samuel, 248, 806 ; Wm, 385
Winds, Wm, 464
Wines, Barnabas, 57, 8, 72,8,88,95,7,101,
186, 160, 7, 9, 188 ; Samuel, 101
Winner, Eev. John O, 621
Winthrop, John, 24, 41, 6, 8, 9, 59, 65, 70, 109,
128, 9, 152, 8, 6, 197
Witherspoon, Eev. Dr. John, 434, 522, 592
Wolcott Eev. John M, 684 ; Oliver, 576, 597
Wollaston, Wm, 884
Wo3verson, Peter, 91, 102, 122, 160, 183, 4, 249,
Wood, Daniel, 572 ; Edward, 104 ; Elizth, 108 ;
Jeremiah, 104; Jonas, 56, 8, 9, 81, 6,9, 99,
108, 4, 187, 159, 167, 172, 188, 228, 241, 8, 278,
284, 806; Jonas, Jr, 104; Samuel, 105, 285,
619 ; Silas, 632; Eev. Mr. — , 589
Woodbridge, Euth, 886 ; Eev. Timothy, 327,
836
Woodhull, Eev. Dr. John, 667
Woodruff, Abraham, 400, 522; Ann, 105; Ben.
812, 424 ; Eev. Ben, 577, 582, 8, 4, 632, 648
Belcher, 581 ; Bryant, 683; Caleb, 812; Char
lotte B, 588; Daniel, 806, 424; David, 244.
7, 284, 504, 522, 676 ; Capt. David, 525, 581
2; Elijah, 424; Elizabetb, 105, 583, 4, 626 :
Ephhraim, 525 ; Eunice, 626 ; Ezekiel, 523, 5,
7; Ezekiel, Jr, 597; Isaac, 381, 412, 5, 426,
474, 523, 559, 563, 593, 5, 610; John, 56, 7, 66,
71, 6, 82, 8, 9, 91, 8, 101, 3, 5, 115, 124, 136,
159, 165, 6, 178, 4, 182, 220, 9, 241, 8, 4, 7, 251.
284, 806, 812, 580, 2, 3 ; John, Jr, 244, 288:
Jonathan, 424, 580; Joseph, 128, 244,7,255;
284, 7, 8, 807, 8, 811, 2, 382, 6, 842, 6, 858, 400,
582; Joseph, Jr., 812, 582; Joseph, 8d, 582
Lewis, 424, 525, 562, 610; Mary, 105, 583
Nathan, 522, 557 ; Samuel, 812, 320, 1, 7, 868,
878, 9, 880, 8, 5, 8, 9, 896, 400, 515, 7, 9, 527.
580,2, 8; Timothy, 332, 446; Thomas, 882.
400, 432, 483, 583; Uzal, 890, 626; Wm, 517
525, 557, 583; Wm. B, 583; Mr. — , 472
509
Woolley, Anne, 105; Edward, Emanuel, 277
Eev. George, 620 ; John, 277 ; Eobert, 105,
161, 244, 7, 259, 268, 277
Woolsey, Eev. Ben, 686
Woolston, Thomas, 384
Wooster, Eev. Hezekiah C, 620
Wren, John, 258, 278
Wynne, J. H, 141

Vates, Eev. Dr. Andrew, 696 ; Mary, 261
Teamans, Sir John, 140, 1
Yeomans, Samuel, 580, 8
York, Duke of, 28, 9, 88, 48-7, 50, 7, 111, 125,
9, 130, 1, 149, 155, 178, 188, 191, 8, 230, 369
Young, Anne, 106 ; Christopher, 57, 106, 7, 8,
160; David, 560; Joanna, 106; Eev. John,
96, 106, 201, 895; Capt. John, 91; Joseph,
Mary, Bachel, Eebecca, 106; Thomas, 56,
7, 91, 106, 7, 8, 115, 136, 159, 160, 182

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