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7

THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT,
Mount Vebnok PtiOE.

THE

MONUMENTAL CITY

ITS

M |i?f^a mi Iffsfaf |wwff|

BY

George W. f-fowAi^D

CUPL.ICATE
e n o v: :i u ;-i i v ERsroe
i-i'~r.:\.\Y.

BALTIMOEE:
J. D. Ehlers & Co., Engravees and Steam Book Peintebs,
87 Second Street,
1873.

Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1873, by
GEORGE W. HOWARD,
In the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C.

^

~>

J

\

TO

CHAUICEY BEOOKS, Esq.
This volume is dedicated by its author, as an humble testimony of the
personal esteem he has entertained for him through a long series of"
years, and as, in some measure, a memorial of the proud position that
gentleman to-day occupies in the city of Baltimore. Time in its cycles
works many changes. Some men are unable to stem the current of
adverse fortune, and pass away with naught left to embalm their
memories, save the sad thought that their efforts were honest but una
vailing; while others live to see the realization of their hopes and the
glorious fruition that accompanies a well-spent and successful life. To
S> the latter class Mr. Brooks belongs, and it seems peculiarly appropriate
that a volume professing to give a sketch of Baltimore, with a succinct
recital of the vast resources she at present possesses, should be dedicated
to one who is so thoroughly identified with her history through a period
of more than fifty years. Mr. Brooks, at a ripe old age, can look with,
^ pleasnre upon gigantic corporations, great business enterprises, and
mechanical forces, the birth of which he favored, and whose feeble
infancy he strengthened by timely, judicious and unostentatious aid.
That He who knoweth the good deeds of men may bountifully lengthen
out his life, and that his future may be as peaceful and serene as hi*
past has been useful and honored, is the prayer of the
Author.

PEEPACE

It is proposed in the present volume to give a sketch of the past of Baltimore,
with brief allusions to those crises which marked her history and exercised an
important bearing upon her progress as a city, also a running essay upon the
useful and aesthetic features which make her to-day the most desirable location
in America for those in search of homes, or contemplating a change of residence;
together with short but comprehensive articles upon the various corporations
at present in existence or soon to be organized, and the different .departments
of trade, commerce, and manufactures, which centre in our city.
If readers at a distance are disposed to regard critically, the spirit which
induces a citizen of Baltimore to sound her praises more than perhaps the
most guarded taste might suggest, let them consider that the same course has
been pursued by all the larger cities in America, and that the great spirit of
competition more thoroughly developed in this country than elsewhere, will
not suffer her to remain silent at a time when her sisters have inundated the
United States with the most fulsome accounts of their respective advantages.
Let them bear in mind also, that already have travellers, not only from differ
ent sections of the Union but from the great centres of Europe, placed on
record the most ample and possibly exaggerated accounts of the various features
which endear her to her own citizens, and render the city peculiarly inviting to
strangers; and lastly, let them remember that a pardonable pride is the
greatest incentive to development and progress in the future. We ask at the
hands of the public a generous criticism, inasmuch as this is a novel enterprise
in Baltimore, and the means of securing information are exceedingly limited.
With this brief preface we launch our little vessel, trusting that it may bring
to our port the treasures which our merchants and business men so richly
deserve.

BALTIMORE.

HISTORICAL SKETCH.
pR. McMAHON has remarked, in his Historical View of the Government
_ of Maryland, that "the colonial history of Maryland is distinguished
**= more by results than by incidents;" and he has further pointed out that
"the gradual accessions to a nation's wealth, power and liberty, which she
derives from a peaceful devotion to her own interests, are perceived only in their
general results." If this be true of a nation, more especially is it true of a city;
and therefore especially devoid of incident must be a historical sketch of a city,
the principal object of which is to note the rise and progress of its commercial
importance. In the following pages it is sought to set forth such facts as will
"best illustrate the growth and development of Baltimore, and the causes which
most directly contributed to those results, — noting events of general or national
-character only where the history of Baltimore is intimately connected with
them, in the relation of a part to the whole; and while the annals of Baltimore
have at different times been marked by events of striking character and of
•considerable local interest, they have, for the most part, been such as belong
to a political, rather than a commercial history.*
As introductory to the history of the city, it may be found useful to give
some preliminary account of the Province in which it was founded, and the
causes which led to its establishment.
The Province of Maryland had been settled for nearly a century before the
first foundations were laid of the city that was destined to become the com
mercial metropolis of the State, and one of the leading cities of the American
continent. George Calvert, the first Lord Baltimore, having found that his efforts to
establish a colony at Avalon, in Newfoundland, were attended with but little
success, determined to seek a more favorable region in which to carry out his
plans of colonization. With this view he visited, in the year 1628, the colony
of Virginia. Of the favorable situation and flourishing condition of that
colony he was well aware, having himself been a member of the Virginia
* E.g.— The outbreak of the war with England in 1812, the bank failures in 1836, and the outbreak of
.the civil war in 1861, were occasions of great excitement in the history of Baltimore.

8 The Monumental City,
Company before it had been deprived of its charter, in 1624, by a judgment of
the Court of King's Bench. During his visit to Virginia, it is probable that
Lord Baltimore personally explored the Chesapeake Bay; at all events his
experienced judgment readily detected the advantages that would be secured
to a colony upon its shores. Accordingly, upon his return to England, he
procured from his royal master, Charles I., the promise of a grant of territory
in the region which he had just visited.
The Virginia colonists were not unmindful of the facilities for traffic
afforded by the Chesapeake, which stretches inland for a distance of two
hundred miles from the ocean, with rivers emptying into it whose head
waters are far back in the interior. In the years 1626, 1627 and 1628,
William Clayborne, Secretary of State for the colony of Virginia, obtained
from the English government authority "to discover the source of the
Chesapeake, and to make other explorations within the government of Vir
ginia." Vested with this authority Mr. Clayborne appears to have improved
the opportunities it gave him for establishing and conducting a trade with
the natives upon the shores of the upper part of the bay ; and for the further
ance of this object he probably erected some trading houses upon the Isle of
Kent, which thus became the first place within the limits of Maryland in
which any European settlements were made. The value which the Vir
ginians placed upon the bay and the adjacent country, is further shown by
the violent opposition they manifested to the establishment of Lord Balti
more's colony; and in a petition preferred to the King shortly after the
grant had been made to Lord Baltimore, they particularly complain " that
grants had lately been made of a great portion of the lands and territory of
their colony, being the places of their traffic."
The advantages for trade, together with the attractions of a fertile soil and
a grateful climate, determined Lord Baltimore in the selection of the site for
his future colony; but in consequence of his death, which occurred early in
1632, the charter promised to him, but which did not pass the seals until
June 20th of the same year, was issued to his son Cecilius, second Lord
Baltimore, upon whom devolved, together with his father's title and estates,.
the work of carrying out his wise and beneficent plans of colonization.
The territory embraced in Lord Baltimore's grant is described in the
charter as follows : " all that part of the Peninsula, or Chersonese, lying in
the parts of America between the ocean on the east, and the bay of Chesa
peake on the west ; divided from the residue thereof by a right line drawn
from the promontory, or headland called Watkin's Point, situate upon the
bay aforesaid, near the river Wighco, on the west unto the main ocean on the
east; and between that boundary on the south, unto that part of the bay of
Delaware on the north, which lieth under the fortieth degree of north lati
tude from the equinoctial ; and passing from the said bay, called Delaware
Bay; in a right line, by the degree aforesaid, unto the true meridian of the
first fountain of the river of Potomac, thence verging towards the south, unto.

Its Past Histoey and Present Resoueoes. 9
the farther bank of the same river, and following the same on the west and
south, unto a certain place called Cinquack, situate near the mouth of the
said river, where it disembogues into the aforesaid bay of Chesapeake, and
thence by the shortest line unto the aforesaid promontory or place, called
Watkin's Point." All the waters comprehended within these boundaries,
and the islands lying in them, together with all islands off the coast, within
ten leagues of the shore, were expressly mentioned as included in the grant.
And in order that this region might "be eminently distinguished above all
other regions in that territory, [America,] and decorated with more ample
titles," ib was erected into a Province and nominated Maryland.* Of this
Province Lord Baltimore was made Absolute Lord and Proprietary, yielding
only unto the crown of England, as pledge of his allegiance, two Indian
arrows annually, and the fifth part of all gold and silver ore which should
¦be found within the limits of the Province. To the Proprietary were given
by the charter, the same rights, jurisdictions, prerogatives, royalties, &c, as
appertained to the Bishop of Durham, within the bishopric or county pala
tine of Durham; with power to enact laws with the advice and assent of the
freemen of the Province or their delegates; to appoint judges, administer the
laws, and exercise jurisdiction over the persons resident in the Province even
to the extent of depriving them of life or liberty; to impose taxes; to raise
and command an army, either to defend the Province from invasion or to
quell insurrection. At the same time, it was provided that persons emigrat
ing to this Province should retain their rights as English subjects, both for
themselves and their children; and the privilege was granted to them of
trading with England, or in default of finding a market there, of conveying
their merchandise thence to "any other countries they should think proper"
which were in amity with England.
The boundaries prescribed for the Province of Maryland, as given above,
became at different times the occasion for dispute on all sides, and as a conse
quence thereof;- the present limits of the State are considerably less than those
assigned to the Province. On the northeast, the State of Delaware has been
erected within the limits of Maryland. On the north, the location of the
boundary between Maryland and Pennsylvania was a matter of dispute until
1763, when it was determined by Messrs. Mason and Dixon, who, acting under
a joint commission of the two Provinces appointed for the purpose of settling
the difficulty, surveyed the line which now constitutes the boundary between
the two States, and which, as the recognized boundary between the Northern
and Southern States, has acquired a notoriety far beyond that which belongs to
its local and original purposes. On the part of Virginia, a dispute arose as to
whether the north or south fork of the Potomac was its "first fountain," by
which the location of the western boundary of Maryland was to be deter-
* England's first Province. It was at first intended to call the Province Cresceniia; but when the
charter was presented to Charles I for his signature, he struck out that name and substituted Maryland,
in honor of his Queen, Henrietta Maria of France.

10 The Monumental City,
mined ; and although the south fork is sixty miles the longer, and the terri
tory lying between the forks is estimated at half a million of acres, Maryland
has been compelled to establish her boundary upon the north fork. Upon
the eastern shore of the Chesapeake, the precise location of the boundary
"between Maryland and Virginia is unsettled to the present day.*
Provided with a charter upon such favorable conditions, Lord Baltimore
immediately commenced preparations for sending a colony to his new pos
sessions. He at first intended to accompany the expedition in person, but
abandoning this plan, he confided the leadership to his brother, Leonard
Calvert, whom he appointed Governor of the Province, with the title of
Lieutenant-General. On the 22d November-, 1633, the colonists, to the number
¦of about two hundred, many of them gentlemen of fortune, and most of them
Roman Catholics, set sail from Cowes in the Isle of Wight. Taking the
old route by the Azores and West Indies, and having stopped for some time
.at the Island of St. Christopher's and Barbadoes, they arrived off Point
Comfort in Virginia on the 24th February, 1034. Letters which Governor
Calvert brought from the King of England, secured for the colonists
-a favorable reception by the government of Virginia, and on the 3d of
March they proceeded up the bay to the Potomac. Entering the river, they
•effected a landing and made their first settlements upon its banks. On the
25th of March, having erected a cross and celebrated mass, they took formal
possession of the country "for our Saviour, and for our sovereign lord, the
King of England." On the 27th the whole company landed and occupied
an Indian town that had been ceded to them by the natives, and which, under
the name of St. Mary's, continued to be the capital of the Province until
1692. Thus the colony was first established almost at the southern extremity of
the Province, and for some time after, the settlements upon the western shore
of the bay were chiefly confined to that portion of the country. Various
causes contributed to hinder the extension of settlements into the interior, in
places remote from tlie more thickly settled portions of the Province. Wars
occurred, both with the Indians and the Dutch settlements in the north
eastern portion of the Province, upon the Delaware Bay, and the Province
itself was not exempt from internal commotions. In 1644 occurred the
formidable insurrection known, from the name of its leader, as the "Ingle
rebellion," the effects of which are felt to the present day by reason of the loss
of many of the early records of the Province, which were carried away from
St. Mary's by the insurgents and destroyed. The Proprietary government
too was twice interrupted from without during the first hundred years of ita
existence. During the time of the Commonwealth in England, the govern
ment of the Province was usurped by commissioners appointed by Cromwell.
And after the revolution which resulted in the establishment of William
* There is now a joint commission appointed from the two States, for the purpose of adjusting the
boundary line between them.

Its Past History and Peesent Resoueoes. 11
and Mary upon the throne of England, the government of the Province was
assumed by the crown. The royal government continued from 1692 until
1715, when the Proprietary's rightful authority was restored to him by
George I.
The interval between the suppression of the Ingle insurrection and the
arrival of Cromwell's Commissioners, (1651,) short as it was, was long
enough to be signalized by an event that has made illustrious the colonial
history of Maryland, and which to this day is looked back upon with
pride. In 1648 Lord Baltimore prescribed a new oath of office to be taken
by the Lieutenant-Gen eral of the Province; and in that age, when religious
toleration, as now understood, was unknown in Europe, that officer was
made to bind himself by this oath that he would not " directly or indirectly
trouble, molest or discountenance any person whatsoever in the Province
professing to believe in Jesus Christ, for or in respect of his or her religion,"
or the free exercise thereof; and that he would not "make any difference of
persons in conferring of offices, rewards or favors for or in respect of their
said religion;" and further that if any officer or person should molest or
disturb any person within this Province on account of his religion, he would
protect the person molested and punish the offender. At the session of the
Assembly the same year, " an act concerning religion" was passed, by which
these principles were embodied in the statute law, and their observance
enforced under penalties.
In consequence of this wise and liberal policy of religious toleration,
Maryland, under the auspices of a Roman Catholic Proprietary, became the
common refuge for all who were suffering religious persecution. Members
of the Church of England, Quakers and others, resorted thither from among
the Puritans of New England, and Puritans came from Virginia to escape
the requirements of the Established Church there ; while Protestants from
France and Portugal and the Netherlands, fled thither from the persecutions
in those countries. So that this policy was in its effect as beneficial to the
Province, by the valuable additions secured to the population, as in its con
ception, it was honorable to the Proprietary.*
As the population gradually increased, new and more extended settlement
began to be made. Baltimore County was created in 1659, and in 1683, at
a session of the Assembly held at the Ridge in Anne Arundel County, among
several new towns that were created, two were situated in that county.
Indeed- there seems to have existed at that time a mania for making towns,.
no less than thirty-three having been created by the Assembly in the space of
* Of the Proprietary who thus stands before us as a man far in advance of the ideas of the age in which
he lived, it may be said, that his life which lasted'until 1675, was continually devoted to the best interests
of the Province. Of him it was written, "never did a people enjoy more happiness than the inhabitants
of Maryland under Oecilins,the founder of the Province." (l'amsay— Hist. Eev. War.)
The condition of religious equality which he established continued until 1698, when under the royal
government which temporarily supplanted the Proprietary, there was for the firBt time an ecclesiastical-
establishment in Maryland .

12 The Monumental City,
four years. But for the most part they were but tentative, being intended
only for places of landing and shipment, having but little territory assigned
to them, and being as easily unmade as made. The excessive number of
the towns was however for a long time a great hindrance to their growth and
development, on account of the division of interests it occasioned, and the
rivalries and jealousies which consequently arose.
As the settlements extended northward it was impossible that the advantages
to be derived from the establishment of a port near the head of the bay could
long escape the consideration of the colonists; and in looking for a place
adapted for that purpose, their attention would naturally be drawn to the
Patapsco River, in which, at a distance of only about fourteen miles from the
bay, they found, at tide water, a safe and commodious harbor, easy of access,
and navigable by the largest vessels. Accordingly, in 1729, an act was passed
by the Assembly "for erecting a town on the north side of Patapsco in Balti
more County, and for laying out into lots sixty acres of land in and about the
place where one John Flemming now lives." The "sixty acres" which were
thus assigned as the dimensions of the town, were purchased by the Commis
sioners appointed for that purpose, at forty shillings per acre, or about ten
dollars of our present money.
The metes and bounds of the town as originally laid out are thus described
in Griffith's Annals, viz: "Commencing at a point near the northwest inter
section of what are now called Pratt and Light streets, and running north
westerly along or near Uhler's alley towards the great eastern road, and a
great gully, or drain, at or near Sharpe street, then across Baltimore street
east of the gully northeasterly with the same road afterwards called the
Church Road, and now McClellan's alley, to the precipice which overhung
the falls at or near the southwest corner of St. Paul street [now Saratoga]
and St. Paul's lane, then with the bank of that stream, southerly and easterly,
various courses unto the low grounds ten perches west of Gay street, then due
south along the margin of those low grounds to the bank on the north side of
the river, and then by that bank various courses, nearly as Water street runs,
westerly and southerly, to the first mentioned point." Although the position
selected for Baltimore indicates that its founders had in view the facilities for
trade which it enjoyed, the small amount of land originally taken, and the
nature of the ground selected, surrounded as it was by hills, water courses and
marshes, clearly show that they had no anticipation of what were actually to
be the size and importance of the city they were founding. The hills with
which the city abounds, and which at this day contribute so much to its
picturesqueness, have rendered the work of extending and grading streets in
many instances both difficult and expensive. " The precipice overhanging the
falls"* alluded to, has either entirely disappeared, or been converted into
graded declivities. Through the city of to-day flow no less than three streams,
known as Jones' Falls, Harford Run and Chatsworth Run, (but of these only
* Jones' Falls, a stream that flows through the midst of the city,

Its Past History and Peesent Resources. 13
the first named is now uncovered,) while a fourth, Gwynn's Falls, forms a
portion of the city's boundary upon the west. A marsh which extended along
the border of Jones' Falls, and formed the eastern boundary of the town as
first laid out, has long since been filled up and built upon.
Notwithstanding these disadvantages, the unusual facilities for direct com
munication with the interior, the great security of the harbor, the remarkable
healthfulness of the situation, (probably greatly contributed to by the excel
lent natural drainage,) the fertility of the surrounding country, the abundance
of stone, lime, iron and timber in the immediate vicinity, and the many mill
seats obtainable upon the neighboring streams, amply justify the sagacity
shown in the selection of the site.
The town having been duly surveyed, and divided into sixty lots of about
one acre each, an office was opened for purchasers on the 14th of January,
1730. It was stipulated in the terms of purchase that a house " covering at
least four hundred square feet " should be erected within eighteen months ;
and no person was permitted to take up more than one lot during the first
four months. The buyers appear to have been very few, and the lots went
off but slowly; — so slowly indeed that some of them having remained un taken
for seven years, reverted to the original owners of the land, according to the
terms of the law under which the town was erected.
When the town was first laid out, there was scarcely a house standing upon
the whole sixty acres ; some few settlements had however been made in the
neighborhood, and lands had been taken up as early as 1662. The first
actual settler is said to have been Mr. David Jones, who, about the year 1680,
having purchased some land, erected a house upon the north [or east] side of
the falls, which bear his name. Other houses were built in that neighbor
hood, and in 1732 the settlement was erected into a town by the name
of Jones-Town, comprising ten acres of land, and separated from Balti
more-Town by the falls and the marsh, of which mention has already been
made. In 1743 the two towns were united, and the name of Baltimore given
to both, and in 1747 the intermediate territory, comprising eighteen acres,
was added to the town. On account of the older settlement in that locality,
Jones-Town was generally called " Old-Town," and the name is still applied
to that portion of the city which occupies the site of the ancient town. In
1730, William Fell, a ship-carpenter, settled upon the point one mile south
east from the town upon the outer basin. In 1773, although at that time a
long stretch of vacant country lay between, the point, which had then become
a flourishing settlement, was added to the town. Like " Old-Town," it has
retained its ancient name, being still called, after its first settler, "Fell's
Point." Whetstone Point, on the south side of the basin, upon the extreme
end of which Fort McHenry is situated, and which now forms a part of the
city, was made a town as early as 1706. ' From these separate towns and
settlements the city has grown up. They have for many years been united,
not only in name, but by unbroken lines of buildings which cover all the

14 The Monumental City.
spaces by which they were once separated ; so that only the traditionary
names are left to distinguish the old localities.
For some years after its foundation, Baltimore gave little promise of its
future greatness. In 1752 a rough sketch of the town, as it appeared
from Federal Hill, was made by Mr. John Moale. A reduced cut of this
sketch as corrected and completed by Mr. Daniel Bowly, is given on the
opposite page. Though twenty-two years had elapsed since its foundation,
the town then numbered but twenty-five houses, including a school-house
and a church. The church (St. Paul's) which is represented in the sketch
upon the highest point in the town, was begun by the members of the Church
of England in 1731, but was not completed until 1744. Its successor, the
present church at the corner of Charles and Saratoga streets, occupies a site
very near that upon which the original building stood. But four of the
houses in the town at that time were built of brick, and for these the bricks
were imported from England; as the inhabitants had not yet discovered that
directly under their feet was the clay for making the finest bricks in the
world. Judging from the number of houses, the population of the town
could not then have been more than 200 ; but in the Gentlemen's Magazine
the population of the county for the same year is given as 17,233.
The only two sea-going vessels then owned in the town, are represented in
the sketch. They were the sloop "Baltimore," belonging to Mr. William
Lux, and the brig "Philip and Charles," belonging to Mr. Nicholas Rogers.
The latter was the first square-rigged vessel owned here. To the right of the
picture appears the first Tobacco Inspection Warehouse, the importance of
that product of the Province, which at that time was its principal article of
export, having already given occasion for the inspection system which pre
vails to this day.
The effect of the war, which raged shortly after this period between the
English and French settlements in this country, tended to promote the growth
of Baltimore by disposing the inhabitants to remain at the old settlements
rather than penetrate into the sparsely inhabited regions in the interior. After
the defeat of the English forces under General Braddock at Fort Du Quesne,
in 1755, the Indian allies of the French, having passed Forts Cumberland and
Frederick, penetrated to within eighty miles of Baltimore. So great was the
consternation created in the town by raids in the neighborhood, that the
women and children were put, for greater safety, upon the vessels lying in the
harbor, and a strong fence of palisades was ordered to be constructed, encircling
the town. The successful issue of the campaign of 1758 and the capture of
Fort Du Quesne having caused the fears excited by these incursions to be
allayed, the defences soon fell a prey to the more needy portion of the commu
nity, who found in the palisades a convenient supply of fire-wood.
In the year 1756 a considerable addition was made to the population of the
town by the arrival of a band of French refugees from Nova Scotia, (then called
Acadia,) of which the English had obtained possession.

BALTIMOKE IIN" 175S.

| & 2. Two Houses near Forrest lane ami lliilliuiorc st.
3. Near the corner of Sharp and Baltimore streets.
f. Brewery, Hanover street opposite IndiaD Queen.
6. HouseoppoBitelndlan Queen Stables, <jerman lane.
fi. A House which stood in Baltimore street.
T- The first Tobacco Inspection HouBe, Charles street.
8. On or near Vulcan alley.
9. Capt. UarbyLux"s, opp'eBankandwestorLightst.
10 Near corner Chatham street and St- Paul's lane.

11. St. Paul's Church, Ihe first built.
12. Mr.W.TtnKors1, N. K. nor. Hallo, st. and St. Paul's la.
13. Kamlncskcy'H Tavern, Bank nonr Light stroot.
14. N. W. corner nt Bank and Calvert streets.
15. The first Brick House built in Baltimore, ereoted
about 40 feet south of Nuw Court-House ; bricks and
corner stones Imported.
16. Mr. N. Rogers', on ground of bock building of No.
108 Baltimore street,

17. Ward, Ihe Barber'-*, on ground 99 Baltimore street.
IK. Opposite Maryland iusuranco OHloc.
19. Near corner of Smith and Water streets.
'20. Southeast corner South aud Baltimore streets.
'21. On or near Wnlliday street, opposite Theatre
22. Part of Old or Jones-Town, up tho Falls.
23. Tho Cool Spring, generally used by the Town, at the
head of tho Basin, a few feet west of Charles street,
24. Deep point, wbcro tho second wharf was built.

25. Skeleton of Sloop Dove, first vessel belonging to
Baltimore.
26. Sloop Baltimore, the second vessel. -
27. Brig of Mr. N. Rogers ; the first square-built vessel,
and the only one at that time.
28. Jones' Falls, as they appeared at that day from
Federal Hill, whence Mr. Moale made his Draft.
29. Calvert Street Wharf. 30. Philadelphia Road.
31. Site of Battle Monument.

16 The Monumental City,
Prom about this time seems to date the growth of Baltimore. Fell's Point,
which, as has been already remarked, was not added to the town until 1773,
became a busy seat of industry. Ship-yards were established there, and on
account of its greater accessibility for the shipping, many merchants made their
residence there, so that for a long time it was doubtful whether town or point
was to be the nucleus of the future city. A disposition for internal improve
ments manifested itself at this time. In 1763, the first market-house was
built, situated at the corner of Baltimore and Gay streets. In 1766, the marsh
between Frederick street and the falls was ordered to be filled, and in 1768,
Baltimore had risen so much in importance as to justify the removal of the
court-house from Joppa, (now an inconsiderable village in the northwestern
portion of the county, on the Gunpowder River,) to this place. Baltimore
continued to be the county seat until 1851, when the city and county jurisdic
tions were separated and the county courts established at Towsontown. In
1769, the first fire-engine, which was bought by a few public spirited men at a
cost of £99, was introduced, and the same year, the first Eoman Catholic
Church was erected. The site of it is now occupied by Calvert Hall, a
school of the Eedemptorists, on Saratoga street. In 1773, a workhouse was
established, a small theatre erected, and a Methodist congregation organized.
The members of the Methodist society (which was yet in its infancy) built a
church for their use in Strawberry alley, and the next year, one in Lovely lane.
The general prosperity of the Province since the foundation of Baltimore,
appears from the rapid increase in the population. In 1733, the taxable
inhabitants, (i. e. all males above the age of sixteen and all negro or mulatto
females,) numbered 31,470. In 1748 the entire population was 130,000, .
(94,000 whites and 36,000 blacks.) In 1756, it had increased to 154,188,
(107,963 whites and 46,225 blacks.) In 1761, it amounted to 164,007,
(114,332 whites and 49,675 blacks.) A valuable addition to the population
during this period, (but one which was greatly deplored at the time by the
good people of the Province,) was the number of convicts imported, which
is estimated to have been no less than fifteen or twenty thousand. They
were brought over by private shippers, who made a contract with the gov
ernment -of England for the purpose, and sold them into servitude in the
Province for their term of transportation. Hazardous as it was to introduce
into a community such great numbers of persons whose past record was that
of crime, the experiment worked well. The lack of labor, which, as in all
new countries, had been felt as a serious inconvenience in the colony, was
by this means supplied, and the convicts, becoming identified with the
ordinary population, when their term of servitude expired, many of them
were transformed into useful and reputable citizens, and some of them rose
to honorable distinction.*
The exports of tobacco from Maryland to England were estimated in 1761
to be about 28,000 hhds. annually, valued at £140,000. The other exports at
* McMahon, p. 314.

I.I

Its Past History and Present Resources. 17
this period were wheat, lumber, corn, flour, pig and bar iron in small quanti
ties, skins and furs; but the total value of all these commodities was estimated
in 1761 at only £80.000.*
The policy of England was to stifle all manufacturing industry in her
colonies, so as to preserve in them a market for her own productions. In
pursuance of this system, manufactures were prohibited, and notwithstanding
the guaranty given in the charter of Maryland to the contrary, f the trade of
the colonies was restricted to England and her possessions. Thus thwarted
and repressed, Maryland made but little progress in commerce during this
period. Beyond the coarse homespun manufactured in private families for
their own use, there was nothing deserving the name of manufacture in the
Province, excepting the production of iron ; and so great was the jealousy with
which England looked upon even this enterprise, that in order to discourage
it, a bounty was offered upon English iron imported into the colonies.J The
Assembly of Maryland, in 1719, attempted to counteract this influence by
offering a free grant of one hundred acres of land to any one who would
put up a furnace or forge. As early as 1749, eight furnaces and nine forges
were in operation in the Province ;§ but for the materials for clothing
and all the appliances of civilized life, the colonists were kept entirely
dependent upon England. In the condition of the shipping, the same state
of dependence existed; in restricting the trade of the colonies to English
ports, England took care to see that that trade was carried in English
bottoms. So that, while in 1761 there were employed in the trade between
England and Maryland, one hundred and twenty vessels of 18,000 tons
burthen, the entire shipping of the colony, (which indeed had suffered con
siderable diminution during the war with the French settlements,) amounted
to but thirty vessels of 1,300 tons, chiefly employed in the trade with the
English possessions in the West Indies. |J Notwithstanding that these condi
tions of commercial dependence upon England were for a long period quietly
acquiesced in, the Province gradually grew in strength and population, and
in the development of those internal resources which are a necessary con
dition to the independent existence of every State.
Affairs were in this condition when there came the first mutterings of that
storm which was about to break over the American colonies, and amid the
• McMahon, p. 315. t See page 9.
t McSherry'B History of Maryland, page 116. In 1750 an act was passed by the English Parliament,
taking the duty off of .American iron, bat at the same time prohibiting the erection of slitting or rolling
mills in the colonies. The object of this measure was the preservation of the English forests from con
sumption as fuel for furnaces.
i An interesting relic of the iron manufactories of those days recently came into the possession of the
Stickney Iron Company, consisting of two or three pigs of iron discovered at the bed of the Patapsco River,
Just below the city, at a point between Port McHenry and the wharf of the Stickney Company's Furnace.
These pigs are corroded and covered with barnacles, but distinctly bear the mark "Principio * 1761,''
showing that they have probably lain at the bottom of the river for more than a century. The Principio
Furnace was erected in Cecil County, about 1716-20.
McMahon, p. 816.
2

18 The Monumental City,
struggles and hardships of which, the bands which bound them to Eng
land were to be finally severed, and the foundations laid of their future
greatness. The restrictions and encroachments which had been made by England, under
the plea of regulating commerce, upon the trade of the colonies, although giving
rise to occasional manifestations of dissatisfaction, had for the most part been
quietly submitted to. But notwithstanding this, the colonies with one consent
stoutly maintained their exclusive and indefeasible rights to regulate all matters
relating to their own internal government, and the imposition of taxes. In no
colony was this feeling more deeply rooted than in Maryland. Proud of their
charter government, and the rights it assured them, the freemen of this
Province viewed any encroachment upon their liberties with peculiar jealousy.
England on the other hand was as persistently determined to abrogate all char
tered rights, and take the matter of taxation into her own hands, so as to derive
a revenue from the colonies by this means. When, at length, the war with
France having been brought to a successful termination, the French posses
sions in America were ceded to England by the Treaty of Paris, (1763,)
and England was thus left to deal with only her own colonies, without the
possibility of foreign intervention, the time seemed to have come when the
long cherished plans of taxation might be put into successful operation.
Well aware of the difficulties of the undertaking, and the opposition which it
would excite on the part of the colonists, the English government proceeded
slowly towards its accomplishment, cautiously feeling the temper of the colon
ists, and seeking to adopt, as the entering wedge of the odious measures, some
plan of taxation which should be as little onerous as possible. The history of
the "Stamp Act," by which it was hoped that a tax — free from all the annoy
ances of collection — might he successfully imposed upon the colonies, belongs
to the history of the whole country. The act was passed by the English
Parliament in March, 1765. Perceiving the necessity for united and concerted
action on their part, the colonies had recourse in this emergency to a Conti
nental Congress. The Congress assembled at New York in October of the
same year, and in its firm but temperate tone, the colonies gave unmistakable
evidence that they were arrayed with an unbroken front against the aggres
sions of the mother country.
The sturdy opposition to the tax which was maintained by all the colonies,
and which led to the repeal of the act by the English Parliament the very
next year after its passage, manifested itself in Maryland by the prompt
expulsion of the Stamp distributor from the Province, with every mark of
indignation and contempt, immediately upon his arrival from England; and
a quantity of stamped paper which arrived here was not suffered to be taken,
from the ship in which it was brought over.
Although from the impossibility of enforcing it, the English Parliament
was thus obliged to repeal the Stamp Act, the long cherished purpose
of taxing the colonies was not abandoned. The next method resorted to

Its Past History and Present Resources. 19
for accomplishing this object, was the imposition of a duty on certain articles —
especially tea — imported into the colonies. This duty, it was thought, might
be successfully imposed under cover of the right to regulate commerce,
which had been already conceded to the English government. But public
feeling in this country was now too thoroughly aroused for any plan of taxa
tion to be submitted to. "Non-importation Societies" were formed for the
purpose of excluding English merchandise from the colonies. The American
market being thus closed, a large quantity of tea accumulated in the ware
houses of the East India Company. It then became the interest of that
Company to co-operate with Parliament in attempting to force the tea into
the American colonies; and in order to facilitate that Company in its efforts,
in May, 1773, Parliament allowed a drawback upon tea exported to America,
so that the duty might be imposed without enhancing the price of the article.
Under this arrangement, several cargoes of tea were shipped with the hope
that now they would be admitted into the country. But the colonies were
contending for a principle; they claimed that they could not be taxed by a
Parliament in which they had no representation, and they would agree to
nothing that involved a surrender of that principle. The vessels consigned
to New York and Philadelphia were forced to return without unloading; that
consigned to Boston was boarded at night by a party of citizens in disguise,
and its contents thrown overboard. Several packages of tea that were brought
over by a vessel that came into the St. Mary's River, Maryland, in August,
1774, were sent back without being unloaded; while a vessel which arrived in
the October following, at Annapolis, (then the principal city, and still the
capital of Maryland,) with eighteen packages of tea on board, was not allowed
to come up to the landing; and the consignee, who had paid the duty on the
tea, in the hope of being permitted to land it, could only allay the popular
indignation by burning the vessel and its contents, setting fire to it with his
own hand. As a consequence of the destruction of the tea at Boston, a bill,
depriving that city of its privileges as a port of entry and discharge, was
passed by Parliament, and received the royal sanction March 31, 1774.
A Continental Congress, which had proved so successful against the Stamp
Act, was in the present emergency again resorted to. It assembled in Phila
delphia, September 5th, 1774. The unanimous and determined resolution
exhibited by this Congress to maintain the colonial rights and liberties,
showed plainly that the English government had aroused a bold and free-
spirited people. A system of non-importation, which had already been very
generally adopted, was now formally recommended, excluding from the
country not only the taxed articles, but all articles whatsoever which came
either directly or indirectly from Great Britain or Ireland. Corresponding
restrictions were laid upon exportations; so that the system recommended
was really one of non-intercourse with the mother country. The object
which the colonies sought to accomplish by these means, was the repeal of
the obnoxious measures of taxation. They still hoped that the English

20 The Monumental City,
government would recede from its position, as it had done in the case of the
Stamp Act. A strong feeling yet existed, on the part of many, against
hostilities with the country they still called "home." But the course of the
English government showed that there was nothing to be hoped for from
that quarter. ".The petitions" of the colonies "were spurned, their assem
blies declared rebellious, their persons and property made objects of plunder,
and those bloodhounds of war, foreign mercenaries, were to be let loose upon
them to pillage and desolate their country."* All hope of reconciliation
was now removed, and the American people were ready to sever the last ties
that bound them to England. On both sides the preparations for hostilities
began. The decisive step was at last taken. On the 4th of July, 1776, the
Continental Congress, then assembled in Philadelphia, published to the world
the Declaration of Independence. The news was received in Baltimore with
great enthusiasm. On the 22d of the month, the Declaration was publicly
read from the Court-House, amid the acclamations of the people, the firing
of salutes, and cries for the prosperity of the United States. At night the
town was illuminated.
The Proprietary government of Maryland was at this time held by Henry
Harford, Esq., an illegitimate son of the last Lord Baltimore, who had died
in 1771, and with whom the title had become extinct. Towards the govern
ment of the Lords Baltimore, who, for the most part, had ruled the Province
with a beneficent sway, the people of Maryland entertained feelings of loyal
attachment; but .towards the present Proprietary, a stranger in person and in
name, none of these feelings existed. His government was promptly over
thrown, and a Convention called to frame a constitutional government for the
new " State of Maryland." In this Convention, which assembled at Annapolis,
on the 14th of August, 1776, Baltimore-Town, (which could now boast of
564 houses and 5,934 inhabitants, with 821 more at the point,) for the first
time had representation separate from the county, being permitted to send
two delegates in addition to the four returned from the county.
From the very commencement of the war, and throughout its continuance,
Maryland entered into it with spirit and energy. The nearness of the battle
fields caused constant demands to be made upon this State, for supplies of both
troops and provisions. The demands were promptly met; and the troops
themselves, by their gallant conduct in many a hard-fought field, have made
famous the name of the Maryland Line. At the battle of Long Island,
(Brooklyn Heights) August 27, 1776, when the Maryland troops were for the
first time brought into action, a part of a battalion shook, with repeated
bayonet charges, a whole brigade of British regulars. The reputation which
they then won, as being the first American troops to use the bayonet, was well
maintained. On more than one occasion thereafter, Maryland troops charged
and repulsed the enemy with unloaded muskets. In addition to her troops
in thp field, Maryland had, during a part of the war, to maintain a separate
* McMahon, p. 429,

Its Past History and Present Resources. 21
marine service, for the protection of her shores from the English cruisers,
which, until the arrival of a French fleet in 1779, continually infested the
Chesapeake Bay.
The demand for money for the public service, far beyond what could be
raised by taxation, which the necessities of the war occasioned, led to immense
issues of State and Continental paper currency. This currency, without
credit, and with a compulsory circulation, very soon became greatly depre
ciated. Perceiving the ruinous tendency of a superabundant and depreciated
currency, Congress sought to correct the evils inseparable from such a condi
tion of affairs, by calling upon the States to contribute their respective shares
for redeeming the greater part of the circulation. The portion for which
Maryland was thus called upon to provide, was more than $20,000,000.
Finding it quite impossible to raise this sum by taxation, it was finally
determined by the Assembly of Maryland, in March, 1781, to redeem it, by a
new issue, (called the black money,) at the rate of forty of the old for one of the
new. The next year the black currency was replaced by a new issue, called the
red money. The credit of this issue was better sustained than that of former
issues, as the proceeds of the sales of the confiscated property of persons dis
affected to the cause of American liberties, was pledged for its redemption.
The privations and necessities of the Revolutionary War, called for the
exercise in the American people of the very qualities which formed the best
guaranty of the stability of that independence for which they fought; namely,
a dependence on themselves and their own resources. Various branches of
manufacture which had been prohibited under British rule, were estab
lished during this period, to supply the place of the foreign products, which
could no longer be obtained. As early as 1778, there were established in
Baltimore-Town a linen factory, a bleach yard, a paper mill, a woollen and
linen factory, a slitting mill, a card factory and two nail factories. And
notwithstanding the difficulties which had to be encountered, a very consid
erable foreign trade was carried on — chiefly with the West Indies — in the
swift-sailing craft of the Chesapeake. The progress made in commerce at
this time, was sufficiently great to lead to the establishment of a custom-house
at Baltimore, in 1780; thus relieving the merchants of this place from the
delays and inconvenience to which they had hitherto been subjected, in
entering and clearing their vessels at the custom-house at Annapolis.
During the years intervening between the cessation of hostilities (1782) and
the adoption of the Federal Constitution, (1788) there was a temporary
suspension of even that commercial activity that had been able to exist during
the war. With a depreciated currency, inadequate shipping, an unpaid war
debt of $44,000,000, and the future condition of the country, and even its
national existence, enveloped in uncertainty, there was cause enough to para
lyze for a while even the most determined energy. The commercial difficultiei
at this time were very much increased by an over-importation of foreign
goods. The low prices of tobacco and flour, which still formed the principal

22 The Monumental City,
articles of export from Maryland, added to the distress in this part of the
country. But this state of things was not destined to continue long. The
establishment of the Federal Government, and the funding of the public
debt, restored a feeling of confidence, and there soon followed a period of
remarkable commercial activity and prosperity.
A new avenue that was opened for the tobacco trade, tended directly to
secure for Baltimore that pre-eminence to which it was justly entitled, but
for which it had long to struggle with several other towns, which in those
days were formidable rivals. Under England's colonial system, the tobacco
trade before the Revolution, had been carried on exclusively with English
merchants, who had their agencies at some of the older towns, situated at
convenient places of landing and shipment upon the rivers. Among the
principal seats of this trade were Annapolis, Bladensburg, Upper Marlboro',
and Elk Ridge Landing. To these places, the tobacco, securely packed in
hogsheads, was conveyed from the plantations by being rolled along roads
that were constructed for the purpose. Several of these primitive roads still
exist in the State. One of them, which leads through a part of Baltimore
County to Elk Ridge Landing, still bears the name of the "Rolling Road."
After the war, the English merchants sought to regain their lucrative
traffic, and for this purpose re-established their agencies at the former places
of trade; but in the meanwhile a Dutch house had settled at Baltimore, and
entered largely into the tobacco business, purchasing for direct shipment to
Holland. By the acquisition of capital, the Baltimore merchants were soon
enabled to make shipments in their own vessels, and for their own account.
In this manner, the tobacco trade became entirely diverted to Baltimore, and
the agencies of the English houses at other places were discontinued.
With the advancement of commerce, the condition of the harbor of Balti
more began to attract attention. In 1783, a board of nine port- wardens was
appointed, with authority to make a survey and chart of the basin, harbor
and Patapsco River, to ascertain the depth and course of the channel, and
provide for the cleaning of the same. In order to defray the expense of this
undertaking, an impost of one penny per ton, (afterwards increased to two
pence,) was laid upon all vessels entering or clearing.
The water at that time reached up to Exchange Place and Water street on
the north, and nearly to Charles street on the west; the space occupied by water
being estimated as equal to double the surface of the present basin and docks.
While the means of intercourse with foreign countries were being thus
improved, domestic and inland connections were not overlooked. In 1782 a
line of stages was established between Philadelphia and Baltimore, and the
following year lines to Frederick-Town and Annapolis. A company was
organized to make a canal on the Susquehanna, and shortly after the Potomac
Canal Company was formed. The Chesapeake and Delaware Canal Company
was not organized until 1799, but the project had been contemplated, and
the surveys made, as early as 1769. As the first indication in this vicinity of

Its Past History and Present Resources. 23
the revolution which steam was about to introduce in the commercial world,
James Rumsey, of Cecil County, procured, in 1784, the exclusive privilege for
this State for making and vending "vessels to be propelled by steam with
or against the current."
In the general spirit of progress manifested at this time, the internal
improvement of the town was not neglected. The streets were extended, and
for the first time paved; and the various bridges across the falls were put in
a more substantial condition. The single market-house which had hitherto
been used, being found inadequate to the wants of the growing population,
(which in 1782 was estimated at 8,000, an increase of one-third since 1775,)
it was abandoned in 1783 and three new ones erected, in which market was
held on different days of the week. The three new markets established were
the Centre Market, on land given by Mr. Thomas Harrison; the Fell's Point
Market, for the benefit of the residents at the Point, which was built on land
given by Mr. William Fell; and the Hanover Market, for the accommodation
of persons in what was then the extreme western portion of the town.
The ground upon which the Centre Market was erected was a part of the
marsh which has been hitherto spoken of as lying along the western border
of the falls. It was at first intended to dredge, out and make a long dock of
the lower portion of this marsh; but this plan was in part abandoned when
the erection of the market-house was determined on. From the nature of its
site, the Centre Market is still popularly called the " Marsh Market," and the
dock that comes up to its lower end, bears, and well merits, the name of
"Long Dock." In 1785, the wharves of the town were much extended and
improved. Among the improvements of this year, may be especially men
tioned the construction of Bowly's Wharf.
In 1784, the first Sugar Refinery was established in the town, and the same
year some Glass Works were erected on the Monocacy River, in Frederick
County, by some German manufacturers. These works were removed to
Baltimore in 1788, and located upon the south side of the basin, where they
still continue.
The revolution in France, and the subsequent wars upon the continent of
Europe, gave the occasion for that period of commercial enterprise and activity
to which allusion has already been made. The opportunity was grasped by
the merchants of Baltimore with promptness and energy; and from 1790 until
the outbreak of the war with Great Britain in 1812, this city was distinguished
for its rapid growth in population and commercial importance.
The interruption to agriculture occasioned by the wars, caused an increased
demand in Europe for American wheat and flour. The colonies too of
European nations, which, under the prevailing colonial system, were per
mitted in time of peace to have intercourse with the parent countries only,
being cut off by hostile cruisers from their accustomed avenues of trade, were
compelled to seek in America a market for the sale of their produce and the
purchase of their necessary supplies. An active foreign trade, both with

24 The Monumental City,
Europe and the West Indies, was thus created; and the sailing qualities of
the craft of the Chesapeake, which had already acquired a high reputation,
before the invention of steam, for fast sailing, secured for Baltimore the
greater portion of that trade. The sailing qualities of these vessels, which
have made the name of "Baltimore Clippers" familiar throughout the world,
were at that time unequalled by any vessels built in this country, and unap-
proached by any built in Europe. Indeed, it was long before the art of
constructing them was practised anywhere outside of the Chesapeake Bay.
They were schooner-rigged, and the great secret of their excellence lay in the
fact that they were built so as to sail within four or four and a half points of
the wind. The advantage that this peculiarity gave them, enabled them in
most cases successfully to elude the pursuit of any vessels belonging to the
blockading squadrons of the belligerent powers that might offer to give them
chase; for if they could but get to windward of their pursuers, it Avas useless
for vessels of any other construction to attempt to follow them.
Such was the success of the "Baltimore Clippers," that this city enjoyed
during the period of which we are speaking, the chief part of the European
and West Indian trades of this country, besides doing a large carrying trade
between the nations of Europe and the West Indies. For the latter, this was
one of the principal markets in the world, whether for selling or purchasing ;
and those West India goods that found their way to Europe, were for the
most part shipped first to Baltimore, and reshipped from here to their place
of final destination. The quantity of these goods brought to this port was so
great, that sales of them were chiefly made at auction, in entire cargoes.
These auction sales were at that time a special feature of the Baltimore market.
Upon the restoration of peace in 1801, the nations of Europe immediately
enforced their colonial systems, (by which the trade of the colonies was
restricted to their parent countries,) and thus that portion of the 'foreign and
carrying trade of Baltimore, that had arisen in consequence of the suspension
of those systems, was for a time interrupted. But the interruption was of
short duration. Upon the resumption of hostilities, in 1803, occasion was
again given for the exercise of that adventurous spirit of enterprise that had
before been so successful; and notwithstanding the Orders in Council and
Decrees wherewith the belligerent powers of Europe sought to close each
other's ports against the commerce of the world, the adventurous merchants
and daring seamen of Baltimore succeeded in maintaining their commerce
until the close of the year 1807, when, as a retaliatory measure to the restric
tions imposed upoh trade by the nations of Europe, a general embargo was
proclaimed by the government of the United States.
Although the hazardous trade of this period was for the most part success
fully and profitably prosecuted, heavy losses were occasionally incurred by
the capture of some of the blockade-runners, while attempting to elude the
vigilance of the squadrons which were everywhere on the lookout for them.
Prior to the year 1795, when the first Marine Insurance Companies were

Its Past History and Present Resources. 25
established here, the merchants either took the risk of these losses themselves,
or else effected an insurance with private capitalists, who, for a consideration,
would guarantee them against loss. This was, during the last century, the
usual method of marine insurance practised both in this country and in
England, where the-custom which long prevailed, of exposing the name and
description of vessels upon which insurance was asked, at Lloyd's Coffee
House, for the capitalists who congregated there to write under their names
and the amounts they were willing to venture, has caused the terms "Lloyds"
and "underwriting^ to be permanently identified with the business of marine
insurance. Upon the removal of the embargo in 1809, besides the reopening of the old
channels of trade, the neutral shipping of America was largely occupied, from
that time until the outbreak of the war with Great Britain in 1812, in sup
plying the English army in Spain, which it was found necessary to provision
chiefly from this country.
The prosperity of Baltimore at this time was not maintained solely by
a foreign and carrying trade. The imports, which were far beyond the
requirements for home consumption, could not have been disposed of, if a
market had not been found for them beyond the limits of the town, nor could
the demands for export have been met, if produce and cereals had not been
drawn from the agricultural regions of the interior. Its central position, its
accessibility as an inland seaport, and the direction of the water-courses, made
Baltimore the first, as it is still, the natural market for the West.
The western trade, which, before the Revolution, had been conveyed on the
backs of pack-horses, walking in single file through the narrow paths which
led across the mountains, now required for its transportation the huge canvass-
covered "Conestoga" wagons, which, with their teams of six or eight horses^
and jingling bells, used to traverse the old Braddock's road and the turnpikes
that had been constructed as far as the navigable waters of the West. The
relics of this old method of transportation may yet be discerned in the immense
yards, made for fhe accommodation of these wagons and teams, attached to a
few of the old inns in Baltimore that have yet escaped the march of improve
ment. The actual growth of Baltimore during this period is best indicated by the
increase in the population, which, from the United States census reports, we
are now able to observe by decades. In 1790, the population numbered 13,503.
In 1800, it had increased to 31,514, and in 1810, to 46,555. A considerable
accession had been made, in 1793, by the arrival of French refugees, to the
number of about 3,000, from Cape Frangois. Besides the increase in the
population, which this arrival made, it was of benefit to Baltimore as the
means of stimulating that West Indian trade, which contributed so greatly
to the prosperity of the city during this period. The tonnage of the town,
which, soon after the" adoption of the Federal Constitution, was reported as
36,305 tons registered vessels, and 7,976 licensed and enrolled, had increased

26 The Monumental City,
in 1795, to 48,007 of the former, and 24,470 of the latter. The same year
there were counted in passing to Baltimore 109 ships, 162 brigs, 350 sloops
and schooners, and 5,464 bay craft and small coasters. On the 31st December,
1796, sixty-seven years after its foundation, "Baltimore-Town" was at last
promoted to the dignity of a city, incorporated by the State Legislature under
the name of the " Mayor and City Council of Baltimore."®
Among the public buildings and internal improvements which deserve men
tion, Fort McIIenry, on the extreme end of Whetstone Point, was built in 1794.
In 1795, a number of flouring mills were established in and about the city.
The Baltimore Library Company was established the same year. In 1805, the
present court-house was begun, and occupied in 1809. The corner-stone of
the Roman Catholic Cathedral was laid in 1806, but this building was not
completed sufficiently for consecration until 1821. In 1808 the water com
pany, for supplying the city with water was incorporated, and the same year,
the manufacturing interests of the city were increased by the erection of
several new factories upon Gwynn's and Jones' Falls.
The arrogant claims made by England to a "right of search,'' that is, a
right of overhauling on the high-seas and searching the vessels of foreign
nations, with the purpose of taking therefrom any seamen that might be
claimed as British subjects, added to the restrictions with which she constantly
sought to embarrass the trade of this country, led to a declaration of war by
the United States government on 18th January, 1812. While some portions
of the country were violently opposed to that measure, Maryland, though from
her position and the nature of her trade, necessarily one**of the chief sufferers
by the war, was forward and determined in supporting the policy of the
general government.
From the commencement of the war, the Chesapeake Bay was^ vigorously
blockaded by the British fleet. Its position, affording an approach to the
interior and the National Capital, and the reputation its craft had acquired in
the commerce abroad, made it an important place to occupy and close. Occa
sionally a Baltimore vessel was able to elude the blockading squadron and get
to sea, but a return to port was quite impossible. In this extremity the
merchants of Baltimore resorted to the expedient of ordering their vessels
to return to other ports less vigorously blockaded, and there deliver aiid
receive their cargoes. By availing in this way of other ports, and convey
ing their merchandise inland by -means of wagons, the merchants of Balti
more were able to retain possession, in large measure, of their foreign com
merce. During the war a number of privateers were fitted out at Baltimore, some
of which performed very gallant and distinguished service. In 1814, the war
was brought directly home to our people. Hitherto, descents had been made
by the enemy's fleet only at comparatively undefended points along the bay
shore; but in August of this year, a force of 5,000 men, under General Ross,

Its Past History and Present Resources. 27
was landed on the Patuxent River, and began their march towards Wash
ington. Having overcome, on 24th August, a force which had been gathered
at Bladensburg to resist them, they proceeded to Washington and burned the
National Capitol, the President's Mansion, Government offices, public records,
the Library, and much private property.
After this success, General Ross next turned his attention towards Bal
timore. On the 12th September a force of 5,000 men was landed upon
North Point, at the mouth of the Patapsco River. They were met by
an inferior force of Maryland and Pennsylvania militia, and a sharp engage
ment ensued, at the close of which the militia fell back to a position nearer
the city, but not until they had inflicted such a loss upon the enemy as
deterred them from following. The commander of the invading force,
General Ross, was killed early in the engagement. On the evening of the
next day an unsuccessful attack was made by the fleet upon Fort McHenry,
and during the night a force, which, under cover of the fleet, had passed by
the fort in barges, was met with such a destructive fire from the batteries
which had been erected on the point, -above the fort, that one of the barges
was sunk, and the others retreated precipitately to the fleet. Thus gallantly
resisted by land and water, the invading force abandoned the attack upon
Baltimore, and made no similar attempt upon other cities. The war was
brought to a close about the end of the year by the Treaty of Ghent, signed
14th of December, and ratified by the United States the 17th of February
following. After the close of -the war, commerce began to resume its former channels.
But the wars with which the Continent of Europe had been so long convulsed
were about drawing to their close. And upon the final overthrow of the
Empire in France, in 1815, and the return of peace, the nations of Europe
resumed their own carrying trade, and the American merchants were thus
deprived of a trade of which they had had almost a monopoly. In the years
1817, 1818 and 1819, short wheat crops in England caused a demand in that
country for Maryland wheat; and in consequence of the removal of the Portu
guese Court to Brazil, and the revolutions which resulted in the overthrow of
Spanish rule in South America, new avenues of trade were opened to the
enterprise of our merchants in that quarter.
But a greater evil than the curtailment of foreign trade had to be contended
with at this time. The Bank of the United States had expired by limitation
in 18ll. Immediately there sprang up a host of local banks subject to no
restrictions whatever in their operations. Upon the closing of the ports upon
the Chesapeake Bay during the war with England, and the consequent
diversion of the trade of the Middle States to places which were less molested,
it soon appeared that the specie of the Middle States would be attracted to
places of greater activity. To prevent this drain, the banks resorted to tlie
suspension of specie payment and the issue of a paper currency. And when

"28 The Monumental City,
the demand for money occasioned by the exigencies of the war arose, it was
met by large issues of this money. This method of manufacturing capital
was found so easy and attractive, that it was indulged in recklessly and without
limit. A dangerous spirit of speculation was engendered. Every one rushed
into the arena, borrowing the easily obtained money upon almost any species
of property, with little thought bestowed upon the day of reckoning by either
'borrowers or lenders. The result of this system soon appeared in a rapid
¦depreciation of the money, (which had at best a fictitious value,) and wide
spread financial distress and embarrassment; for these evils, though falling
most heavily upon the Middle States, were felt throughout the country. It
was finally determined that the means for curing all these evils, and estab
lishing a uniform currency throughout the country, would be secured by the
re-establishment of a national bank. Accordingly, in 1816, the new Bank of
the United States was inaugurated. The enterprise was eagerly entered into,
and of the capital of $28,000,000, $4,014,100 were subscribed in Baltimore.
The principles upon which this bank was established made it necessary
that the local banks should prepare for specie payment. This at once placed
a check upon the accommodations which they had been extending to their
-customers, and upon which the latter had become dependent. Everywhere
the creditor pressed the debtor, and the financial difficulties increased. Added
to this, it soon became evident that it was quite impossible for the Bank of
the United States to redeem the promises that had been made for it, and a
fall in the price of its stock occurred to such an extent as to plunge in abso
lute ruin many of the subscribers.
Although thus beset with difficulties, their characteristic spirit of enterprise
-did not forsake the people of Baltimore. Since the critical period of which
we have been speaking, and which reached its climax in 1819, the history of
Baltimore for forty years, is a history of steady growth, interrupted only by
the financial crises of 1837 and 1857, which shook to their base the commercial
interests of the entire country. The foreign commerce during this period
was not what it had been during the continuance of the peculiar circumstances
amid which it took its rise; and though the spirit of adventure and excite
ment which had been fostered by the former conditions of trade, had to
accommodate itself to a slower motion, the latter is probably the more health
ful condition, and more truly indicative of steady and permanent growth.
Among the public buildings, etc., erected between the time of the war with
Great Britain and the year 1820, may be mentioned the School of Medicine
on Lombard Street, (part of the University of Maryland,) completed and
occupied in 1812; the Washington Monument, and the one known as the
Battle Monument, both begun in 1815; the Merchants' Exchange, undertaken
in 1815 and completed and occupied in 1820. This building is now occupied
by the United States Government as a Custom-House and Post-Office. In
1816 Gas Ayorks were established here, which were the first in the country

Its Past History and Present Resources.

29-

to afford a general supply for the use of citizens, and for lighting the streets^
The corporate limits of the city were extended the same year to the present
size, embracing an area of about 10,000 acres.
The comparative sizes of the original town and the present city, are accu
rately shown in the accompanying cut. The original water-line on the side-
of the basin is carefully marked, and the original course of Jones' Falls, which
once reached, in a deep horse-shoe bend, as far as to the corner of Calvert,
and Lexington Streets. On the eastern side of the Falls, the location of 'Old
Town"* is indicated, and north and south of the harbor, appear Fell's and.
Whetstone Points, with Fort McHenry upon the extreme end of the latter.

J^tESENTBcmSDAltlES OF TME CITY.

x„

v

-^

XTMITS OFHALT1MOKE TOWW.AS / V*^-]
lATO0UTaANtJA«ri2,173O,«s-^-- I
COMFKBLNG 60 ACRES 01? GMUSJJf

In

"W-

¦E

M

BAtiTIJNl0

V7

^

^

In 1813, the first steamboat was introduced here, to run between Baltimore-
and Frenchtown, as a part of the line between this city and Philadelphia.
The application of the newly discovered power of steam, which was then
deemed little better than experimental, soon began to exercise a powerful
influence upon the business relations of Baltimore.
The introduction of steamboats upon the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers
opened to the people of the West a new and cheaper mode of communication-

' See page 13.

30 The Monumental City,
with the seaboard than was afforded by the wagons and turnpikes upon
which they had hitherto depended. The establishment of steam communi
cation with New York, also attracted in that direction the trade which had
hitherto come to Baltimore. The people of Baltimore were not, however, of
a temper to permit the resources, which their natural advantages gave them,
to slip from them by reason of the superior artificial advantages of other
cities. In December, 1823, a public meeting was held in the Merchants'
Exchange, to take the sense of the people on the subject of canals, or rather,
(as their utility was recognized,) to ascertain whether it would be most
acceptable to the citizens to undertake, first, a canal to the Susquehanna, or
one to the Ohio. The great majority preferred the former. An act of the
Legislature was therefore procured, authorizing the city to make a. canal to
the head of tide-water on the Susquehanna, and further, if permitted by the
State of Pennsylvania. Another act was passed, incorporating the Potomac
Canal Company, for the purpose of constructing a canal from tide-water on
the Potomac, to the Ohio River. The next year, this latter was merged into
' the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal Company, which was incorporated by the
Legislature of Virginia for the same purpose. In 1826, upon the publication
of estimates, showing the immense expense that would be incurred, and the
great difficulties that would have to be overcome, in constructing a canal
across the mountains to the Ohio, it was at once perceived that this cherished
plan would not yield all the advantages that had been anticipated by its
projectors. This discovery only led the citizens of Baltimore to devise some
new means by which to secure their western communications. Their delib
erations resulted in the determination to accomplish their purpose by the
construction of a railroad. Accordingly, in February, 1827, an Act was
passed by the Legislature, chartering the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad
Company, which was the first railroad chartered in the United States. The
canal was not abandoned in consequence of this rival enterprise, but the
corner-stones of each were laid July 4th, 1828, Charles Carroll of Carrollton
officiating for the railroad, and President Adams for the canal. On the 9th
of August, 1829, the hundredth anniversary of the passage of the act creating
Baltimore-Town, the Susquehanna Railroad was begun. In 1837 the Phila
delphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad was opened for travel. In 1853
the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad was completed to the Ohio River, and in
1857 its continuation to St. Louis was perfected. In 1854 the Susquehanna
Road was consolidated with other roads extending through the State of Penn
sylvania, under the name of the Northern Central Railway. In 1829 the
Chesapeake and Delaware Canal was undertaken.
As in 1816 Baltimore had the distinction of being the first city in this
country that was lit by gas, and in 1827 of being the first to inaugurate a
railroad, so, in 1844, it was again distinguished by the erection, by Professor
Morse, between Baltimore and Washington, of the first electric telegraph in
the world.

Its Past History and Present Resources. 31
The growth of the city during a period of forty years, is indicated by the
United States census returns of the population :
In 1820 the population was  62,738
" 1830 " "  80,625
"1840 " "  102,313
"1850 " "  169,054
"1860 " "  212,418
The trade of Baltimore, which first rose to importance during the Revolu
tionary struggle, and flourished amid the clangers incident to subsequent wars,
both at home and abroad, was at length destined to be seriously crippled by a
war that came to our very doors. In the civil war of 1861-5, between the
Northern and Southern States, Maryland occupied the position of a border
State between the contending sections. Although herself the field of battle
on but two occasions, her frontier position, the constant presence of large
bodies of troops within her borders, the severance of all communication with
her Southern customers, and the risk attending the communications with
the West, from the liability of the railroads to interruption, and the freights
to capture or seizure, caused the loss to Baltimore, for the time, of her South
ern trade, and on account of the impoverishment of the Southern people, the
permanent loss of much that was owing from that section; whilst the West
ern trade became temporarily and partially diverted to other cities.
Since that period of enforced inaction, a reviving spirit of life and energy
has been manifested. The railway communications extend, by the Northern
Central Road, north and west to the lakes and Canada; by the Philadelphia,
Wilmington and Baltimore Road, to all parts of the Northern and Eastern
States. The Baltimore and Ohio spreads its constantly increasing connec
tions over the whole of the western country, and as far as San Francisco;
while its southern branch through Washington connects throughout the
Southern States and as far as New Orleans. Of local roads, there are the
Western Maryland, extending through the rich farm-lands of Carroll, Fred
erick and Washington Counties to Hagerstown, and projected to Williams-
port, upon the Potomac River; and the Baltimore and Potomac, opening up
a fertile country hitherto inaccessible by rail, and affording a southern con
nection for the Northern Central Road, and the Pennsylvania Central with its
connecting lines. Now in course of construction, there are the Baltimore and
Drum Point Railroad, which will extend from the city, south, through the
entire length of Anne Arundel and Calvert Counties; and the Union Railroad,
which, making almost the entire circuit of the city of Baltimore, will afford
the means for prompt connection between the various railways that enter the
city. These various roads secure to Baltimore by steam communications, its
natural advantages as the seaboard depot, indicated by the geographical form
ation of the country, for the West. Domestic lines of steamers communicate

32 The Monumental City-,
with Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Richmond, Norfolk, and all the
lesser places on the Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries, Wimington and New
Berne, N. O, Charleston, Savannah, Key West, New Orleans, Havana and
Ga,lveston; while two prospering lines of steamers to Europe, the North
German Lloyd to Bremen via Southampton, and the Allan line to Liverpool
via Halifax, demonstrate the fact that the foreign commerce that was once
enjoyed by Baltimore needed but the opportunity to return.
The imports at the port of Baltimore, which in 1860, amounted to $9,784,773,
and in 1862, in consequence of the war, had fallen to $3,696,620, rose in 1870,
to $21,017,313; in 1871, to $26,770,181; and in 1872 to $29,429,439. The
exports of domestic merchandise for the same years were, in 1860, $8,804,606;
in 1862, $8,375,303; in 1870, $12,396,518; in 1871, $18,236,166, and in 1872,
$17,381,591. The industrial products of the city and county of Baltimore
amounted, according to the census of 1870, to the sum of $59,219,993 annu
ally, in which was employed capital amounting to $26,040,040. The popu
lation of the city had increased from 212,418 in 1860, to 267,599 in 1870.*
The property in the city and county was estimated in the census at
$401,634,738. The tonnage of the port is 150,086.
Thus rapidly and in the merest outline, we have endeavored to trace the
growth of Baltimore, from the straggling village of 1730, to the prosperous
city of 1872. Whatever its growth has been hitherto, it is but the earnest of
its capabilities for development. Its geographical position as regards the
interior has been spoken of; as regards Europe, its position at the head of a
bay, which was formerly considered a disadvantage to it as a seaport, enables
the shipping to come that much nearer the interior, and by conveying freight
further by water, and in bulk, causes a corresponding reduction in the cost
of transportation; while the proximity of Baltimore to the coal regions, and
the direct communication with them, which enables the steamers to take in
their coal at $2.50 per ton less than it costs in New York, gives a direct
saving of $2,000 upon the 800 tons consumed by steamers in each voyage
across the Atlantic. The neighboring mines of anthracite and bituminous
coal; the marble quarries of Baltimore County; the iron beds with which
the State abounds; the lavish wealth of the Chesapeake Bay, with its world-
renowned game and oysters and fish, afford in themselves a ready-made and
apparently inexhaustible store of riches.
• An enumeration made the fame year by the City Police, put the population at 283,375.

Its Past History and Present Resources.

33

TO-DAY

IALTIMORE, asji home, is one of the most delightful cities in the world. It possesses
* more solid advantages than any other city on the Atlantic seaboard for those desirous
of establishing themselves in a great metropolis, for purposes of trade, commerce, or
business of any description. Situated about the centre of the Atlantic coast, at the
head of the great Mediterranean Sea of America, it is equally removed from the intense
cold of northern latitudes, and the blinding heat of onr more tropical sisters of the
South. An equable climate, soft, balmy, salubrious, and almost entirely free from the

NEW CITY HALL.
dense fogs which are the horror of the generality of cities adjacent to the seaboard, gives to
it that healthy mean, which is seldom present along any of the water courses of this
country or Europe. Its mild winters usually furnish ice enough for home consumption,
gathered during the cold snaps that occasionally occur; while the pleasant bracing weather,
which prevails during many weeks of that season, gives abundant opportunities for out
door labor, the use of hydraulic power and navigable water, and demands far less fuel than
is required in cities further north. Located upon a small but beautiful river Baltimore
3

34

The Monumental City,

extends back over a succession of gently sloping hills, whose substratum is a sandy marl,
and through which no mephitic vapors arise, no dampness injurious to health or life. In
the original construction of tlie city, these hills probably presented serious obstacles to our
worthy forefathers. Some were steep and unsightly, and required much grading, but the
gradual expansion of the town enabled its builders to trim the rough edges, and cut down
only so much as would relieve their precipitous character, without impairing their beauty
and picturesquencss. These hills rise one above another step by step, until, on the outer
boundaries of the city as now constituted, at almost any point, magnificent views of Balti
more, its harbor and the Chesapeake Bay, can be obtained. It may be also added that

THE CATHEDRAL.
because of its peculiar topography a person walking in any direction for three or four
hundred yards, can obtain panoramic views of different sections of the city, such as can
be had in few other places in the world. The Patapsco River with its inletsindents the
land upon which Baltimore is built to a very considerable extent, forming natural exten
sions for wharf-fronts, and at the same time adding greatly to the beauty of the harbor, and
the general landscape. Perhaps at some early period in the history of onr city the mai-shes
which formed at the head of these inlets, by their malaria may have produced those bilious
diseases so frequent along the water courses of the Chesapeake, and a citizen of to-day feels
doubtless a sensation of compassion, not unmixed however with self-congratulation, when
he thinks of his ancestor, racked and tortured with the shaking -ague as he hurried from his
morning meal to attend to the wants of his palsied customers. The marshes have long
since been drained, the shores about the inlets converted into substantial wharves for the
accomodation of our rapidly increasing commerce, and the miasma no longer rises from
the lowlands, to disconcert the calculations of our citizens. Whether he dwells upon the

Its Past History and Present Resources. 35
heights where he can view the broad expanse of water, the spreading woods and well
tilled fields of the surrounding country, or hves in a lowly hut on the river's bank, the
inhabitant of Baltimore is to-day in either case exempt from any of the diseases popularly
supposed to be generated in that element. In fact, Baltimore is one of the most healthful
cities in the world. Its location would make it so necessarily. "Cleanliness is next to
godliness'' and certainly very conducive to health. The City, from every point, converges
by gentle slopes to the river. It matters not what may be the condition of the streets, a
heavy rain will thoroughly cleanse them of all impurities, and in case of a drought it is
only necessary to turn on the water by means of the plugs, to secure this result. Baltimore
was built gradually; obstacles of no common magnitude were to be surmounted, and
though these -were regarded as disadvantages at the moment, they have since proved its
most attractive and healthful features. Their presence has given to us broad and well
ventilated streets, and a pleasing variety of surface, the absence of which is so oppressively
felt in other cities. In some instances irregularities have resulted from the many hills
encountered, but these without imparing their usefulness, have added greatly to the beauty
of the city. But there are other reasons why Baltimore is delightful as a home.
There is a subtle something, hard to describe, bon-homie, good fellowship, good breeding,
refinement, perhaps a combination of many excellent qualities, which seems to pervade
the very atmosphere of the City, and to penetrate all the avenues of life. Prom time
immemorial the reputation of our State and City for hospitality has been national. Recent
events — the opening of lines of railway, and the concentering of business and commercial
interests in Baltimore, through their representatives — have given a practical turn to this
feature of the people, and have spread its fame throughout the length and breadth of the
United States. Indeed, the numerous great assemblages that have taken place in our
midst during the past few years have borne such ample testimony to this quality, that any
further reference might savor of egotism. Society in Baltimore is delightful, and this
remark is intended to apply to all grades and classes. The lines of demarcation between
the different strata are finely drawn. The most severe and exclusive circles, refined,
intelligent and educated, exist side by side with less ostentatious, but not less cultivated
coteries; and in the humblest ranks of the community there is an. independence of thought
and action which beget manhood in the higher sense of the term. That our citizens
fully appreciate this is attested by the fact, that Baltimoreans, in whatsoever section of the
globe they may be, like the Swiss for their native Alps, long for the City that gave them
birth, and never lose their pride in its beauty and delights.
A stranger from ,any of the large cities in this country or Europe, upon his entrance
into the City of Monuments, is struck by the utter absence of tenement-houses — -those fearful
scourges, the hot-beds of crime and pestilence in so many of the larger communities
throughout the civilized world. There are none here. Baltimore does not need them.
Her unlimited capacity for extension in any direction is a practical barrier to the fabulous
prices obtained for land in other cities; and rents are so reasonable, and the rates of living
so much less expensive than elsewhere, that the humblest mechanic or laborer can ensconce
his family in a modest dwelling and surround them with the pleasures and comforts of
home. Instead of the indiscriminate herding of the industrious and the slothful, the sober
and the drunken, the upright and the criminal, the healthy and diseased, and the pro
miscuous mingling of the sexes, so destructive both to morality and life itself, the strug
gling man with small means can gather his household about him, in a commodious
dwelling, absolutely removed from impure contagion, and amenable only to those
influences which emanate from himself or his associations. He and his family acquire an
individuality and manliness which are apt to display themselves for the right, in their
careers through life. Home-influence, the strongest, the purest, and most precious that
can surround man, either in his relations to society, or the family circle, is offered here in
all its freshness and luxuriance; and other cities should not be surprised when we claim
superiority in this regard.

36

The Monumental City,

For many years Baltimore has fostered a Public School system, of which her citizens
have learned to speak with pride. Through all the dissensions of politics, and we have not
been exempt from them, this "stable bulwark" of good government and free institutions
has never been suffered to languish. We would not consider it illustrative of our progress

BETHANY INDEPENDENT METHODIST CHURCH.
in this respect to exhibit a model school-house at a World's Exposition, and yet our Public.
School edifices will compare favorably, in point of architecture, internal adornment, and
personal comfort, with those of any city in the world. Further — by zealous and persistent
efforts on the part of our legislators, and careful study of the systems of the most
advanced states in America, and the most enlightened nations of Europe, our School

Its Past History and Present Resources.

37

System has been perfected as far as it is possible to do so with our present experience.
The useful features of other plans have been incorporated with our own, and their
blemishes unhesitatingly rejected. The Public Schools are open to all — from the pitiful
gamin who cries the news through the day, and painfully ekes out his nightly slumbers
on cellar doors or market stands, to the fastidious scions of our most aristocratic families,
all are equally entitled to the benefits which our schools vouchsafe, and, what is more to
the point, they avail themselves of these advantages. Experience has led our citizens,
without sectarian or class distinctions, to send their children to the public schools of the
city, and perhaps this comming'.ing of the various elements that form the community has
done much to produce that fellowship which binds the different classes to each other.
When a boy has passed successfully through the various established grades — the Primary
Department, the Grammar School, and the City College — he has received as thorough and
comprehensive an education as can be obtained in many of the Colleges or Universities in
this country. This is plainly exemplified by the number of prominent merchants, suc
cessful bankers, skillful physicians, learned lawyers and shrewd politicians in our midst
who can claim no other Alma Mater. There are other schools and colleges in Baltimore, and
thickly strewn through the State, of high repute, and supplied with corps of Professors, whose
names are a guarantee of the advantages they claim. The education of the female portion
of our population has been an especial care of those who have been intrusted with the
supervision of our schools. Wise and virtuous mothers naturally lead to upright, manly
and useful sons. Nowhere has this truth been more fully appreciated than in Baltimore;
and the Female Department of our Public Schools bears ample testimony to its practical
adoption. "While the sesthetic and showy features of the more fashionable finishing insti
tutions for ladies have not been overlooked, the solid and substantial training which leads
to perfect womanhood is made to assume its proper place in the system. Thus the
women of our city are imbued with accomplishments which fit them to adorn whatever
station they may be called to fill , and at the same time are taught those durable branches
of knowledge which place them above the fickleness of fortune and the vicissitudes of life.
We give a summary of the number of Schools, Teachers, Pay Scholars, Free Scholars,
and the number on the roll October 31st, 1872, with the average attendance and number
of different pupils in the various Public Schools of Baltimore City during the year.

GRADES.

Baltimore City College, .
Eastern Female High School
Western " "
Male Grammar, . . .
Female "
Male, (unclassified) . .
Female, " . .
Male Primary, . .
Female " ...
Evening Schools, Male,
" " Female
Day Schools, (Colored)
Evening Schools, "
Music Teachers, . . .
Drawing " ...

1 11
18 19 1
1
2831 6 1
10 4

.°8/*; v

122

10
1112
98
102 fi6
142
140 20 1
41 12 44

614

a. «
= §¦
oft

317297379
2,378
2,535 169187
2,081
2,312 12
003
316

y,

2367
49
1,4671,711 63
110
4,3874,390 712 29
1,567 214

340364428
3,8454,246 232297
6,4686,702 724 29
2,170 530

11,586 14,789 26,375 20,259 39,918

314320 384
3,194 3,437 184
232
4,840 5,042 445 18
1,487 362

•-* _i •»
EJo*" .
^•g bole
*"*S* - c 3
g-5

502486565
5,918 6,390 351404
9,756
10,286 724 29
3,977 530

The promotions during the year were to the Grammar Schools 486, and to Primary
Schools 2,401 ; making a total of 2,887. Total number in School during the year 37,031.

38

The Monumental City,

Besides the Public Schools, there are "Institutes" for the education of females, supervised
and conducted by ladies whose very names are synonymes for all that is lovely and
refined in private life, where girls are taught by precept and example the beauties and
delights of the home-circle, and are fitted for that condition which has been so aptly
styled "unspotted faith and comely womanhood."
The "Normal School," for the education of teachers, is a branch of our Public School
system, and has been found very advantageous in the production of proficient instructors.
We would like to dwell more circumstantially upon the really admirable features of this
system, but our "space is limited.

PEABODY INSTITUTE.
As a natural auxiliary to the above, we come to those institutions which have been
founded through the munificence ol some, and the public spirit of others of our citizens.
Among these "The Peabody Institute" stands pre-eminent, both because of the bountiful
nature of the benefaction, and the truly sublime character of the Donor. The aim of Mr-
Peabody in the construction of the Peabody Institute has been but partially understood
by many of our citizens. He was as wise as he was munificent. He had arisen from the
humblest walks of life to affluence, and almost princely power. The sordidness usually

Its Past History and Present Resources. 39
begotten of wealth, and the arrogance which attends the acquisition of power, found no
lodging place in his great soul. His love for mankind, which was circumscribed neither by
race nor nationality ,and his sound judgment.springing from a series of successful commercial
transactions, in which neither avarice nor dishonesty played a part, taught him that there
were strata in the human race which must be separately treated — that "what was one
man's meat was another's poison" — that efforts to contribute to the advancement of all
classes of people by the same means, were likely to result in the rending of the ties which
bind classes to each other, and would ultimately convert what was intended as a blessing
into an occasion of dissension and strife. Such certainly were the sentiments, which actuated
him in bestowing upon Baltimore the munificent Institute which now crowns the summit
of her most beautiful thoroughfare. He never intended it to be popular. The directions
given by Mr. Peabody for the selection of a Library, for the creation of the Academy of
Music, for the interior governance of the Institute, all point conclusively to the fact that
he had in his mind's eye the elevation of the great middle class of people, the safeguard
of every enlightened government on earth. Aristocracy was as far removed from his
thoughts as was its antipode. The former is supposed, through its wealth and influence,
to be able to take care of itself, and if at all desirous of soaring to the empyrean in art
science, or hterature, a, visit to foreign lands will quickly assure the gratification of such
a taste; the latter class, except in extreme cases, develops no such inclination. Abject
poverty, undisciplined tastes and passions, and utterly uncultivated minds, do not prepare
people to wrestle with the higher branches of education, any more than does preaching fit
a man for soldiering, or ploughing qualify him for the judicial ermine.
The poorest classes of the people are provided with ample instruction for whatever course
in life they propose to follow, and generally, they seek just so much as will enable them to
pursue it. Occasionally some youth more ambitious than the rest, or more richly endowed
with qualities which win, breaks through all obstacles, and outstrips his fellows ia the race
of life. There is nothing in this country to stay his progress. It is as republican in tone,
as democratic in form. Class distinctions are of the slightest character — a helping hand is
immediately extended to such an one, and he at once passed from the lowest stratum, to a
higher place in society. Then can he avail himself of the advantages which "The Peabody"
holds out to every citizen of Baltimore. Mr. Peabody had experienced just such a trans
mutation. From humble life, by regular gradations he had reached the highest social and
financial position. His mind closely analytic with reference to his fellow-creatures, and
wonderfully clear-sighted, wrought out for their benefit, schemes in different portions of
the world perfectly consistent with their wants in those localities.
In London, where thousands of the poor perish annually from starvation, he devoted a
princely fortune to the amelioration of their condition. In America, where it was required,
he bestowed a similar amount ; but as has been said above Mr. Peabody was as far-seeing
as he was benevolent. America was the land of his nativity. He loved her, as only her
sons can love who have spent many of their days in a foreign land — when he returned to
her shores, after a lengthened absence, he saw many things to admire ; but one element was
lacking which he had learned during his European experience, to consider essential to a
nation's advancement. That solid system of education fostered by a thousand years of
aristocratic and kingly rule in England, and on the continent, was nowhere to be discerned.
With scarcely an exception, the institutions of learning in the United States actually left
off where the Universities of Great Britain and Europe commenced. The whole American
people were subject to a system of semi-education, which might serve for the present the
spirit of money-making inordinately developed among us, but which would in the future,
totally unfit men for grappling with the great problems that might arise when teeming
millions would swarm where thousands now imagined themselves crowded. Imagination
too, ideality, what was known to the Greeks as "the beautiful," which makes up one-half,
and far the better half of human life, was in danger of being forgotten. No school of Art

40

The Monumental City,

that deserved the name existed. To provide for such an anomalous state of society, and to
direct the American mind to the contemplation of all that is grand and beautiful in life, he de
termined to found institutions in different parts of America, through which, by libraries of the
first excellence, the diffusion of the principles of science, the illustration of the nobler
efforts of art, and the gradual education of the popular taste for the sublimer masters in
music, the Americans would ultimately come to learn and appreciate the advantages of
thorough, solid education as well as their neighbors across the water. His own declarations,
his own instructions, and the institutions which have arisen under his far-seeing beneficence,
tell us that such must have been his idea, and can there be a grander?
Mr. Peabody amid the multitudinous cares of a splendid mercantile and financial career,
ever turned to Baltimore his adopted home and the scene of his early business successes.
When released from the restraints and anxieties of commercial life he repaired hither, and
selecting men of the most exalted tone in our city, he placed in their hands his princely
donation, with the most ample instructions for its disposal. A massive marble structure
has arisen near the base of the Washington Monument. A more appropriate place could

MARYLAND INSTITUTE.
scarcely have been selected. Both structures commemorate men who towered above their
generations, and who alike conferred incalculable benefits upon the American people.
Mr. Peabody lived to see the completion of a portion of the Institute, and its practical
operation. Already have those, whose education and tastes were sufficiently advanced
received great and enduring benefits from the Peabody Institute, and its influence is being
rapidly extended through our city. All institutions must grow, but more especially is this
the case with one whose noble aim peers so far into the future. To cultivate and elevate
the tastes and understandings of the people of Baltimore, was not the only object of George
Peabody— his prophetic soul looked far beyond that— he knew that Baltimore was destined
to become a great city, about which would radiate thousands of satellites. It was to extend
to all these dependencies of the future, the benefits which Baltimoreans may at present
derive from his splendid donations. That his hopes will be realized there can be no doubt.

Its Past History and Present Resources.

41

We now come to the " Maryland Institute for the promotion of the Mechanic Arts."
About twenty -five years ago a number of public-spirited citizens perceiving the want of
some institution for the insfruction and improvement of the masses in our city secured from
the Legislature a charter. The institution was immediately organized under the name

EUTAW PLACE BAPTIST CHURCH.

given above. Its subsequent success is a matter of notoriety to our citizens. It is essen
tially a popular Institute, and supplies exactly the need in our city for which the Peabody
was not designed. Its course of popular and scientific lectures, meets just such longings as •

42 The Monumental City, Its Past History, Etc.
the great masses of the people are likely to feel, while the lectures at the Peabody are intended
for those much further advanced on the road to knowledge ; in fact, for the few who have
the energy and will to penetrate the arcana of nature, and pluck from her all that man has
yet been able to unearth of her secrets. The course of lectures at the Maryland Institute
has been for years, one of the most attractive features of our city. The greatest care is
exercised in the selection of the lecturers, and no expense spared to make the course enter
taining and instructive. The Institute contains a large circulating library with quite a
number of valuable books, and very excellent selections from the popular literature of the
day. Here again we see the contrast between the two institutions, and how admirably, in
their respective spheres, they minister to the necessities of our city. The Library of the
Peabody is for reference. It was so intended by its founder. The most costly volumes,
compiled by the great Academies of Europe through royal bounty, are to be found on its
shelves. When the student has exhausted the resourses of the Maryland Institute and
acquired a fondness for study, and a thirst for knowledge through the avenues it so gener
ously creates, he can betake himself to the Peabody, and he will find the one the
complement of the other. The various schools of the Maryland Institute, conducted upon
a scale of liberality which places them within the reach of the poorest and most humble
student, are provided with a corps of competent professors. Pupils are well-grounded in
all the elements of education, and fitted to strive for that higher sphere of intellectual culti-
vation'which Mr. Peabody so eagerly hoped our countrymen would reach in the near future.
In addition to these features, an annual Exhibition is opened in the Institute Hall generally
in October. These Exhibitions are very attractive, collecting as they do specimens of the
handi-work and ingenuity of the inhabitants of different sections of the United States;
and there are usually offered to the inspection of the public, choice and varied specimens of
the Fine and Useful Arts. Many thousands of our citizens, young and old, have availed
themselves of its advantages, and the benefits that Baltimore has derived from its establish
ment are inestimable.
About thirty years ago a number of gentlemen met together in the old Postoffice Building
to organize an association for the purpose of "collecting, preserving and diffusing informa
tion relating to the Civil, Natural and Literary History of the State of Maryland, and
American History and Biography generally." A charter was obtained from the State Legis
lature in 1845, and the association organized under the title of the " Maryland Historical
Society." The Athenaeum, a substantial building at the corner of St. Paul and Saratoga
streets, was completed in 1848 at an expense of $45,000, and presented to this Society by
the citizens of Baltimore. The progress of the Association has been slow but steady. The
nucleus of seventeen, has enlarged to upwards of four hundred members, embracing many
of the most prominent and distinguished merchants and professional meh of the city.
The library of the society has increased to sixteen thousand volumes, many of them rare
and valuable; while the collection of Maps, Coins, Medals, Manuscripts, Charts &c. is very
large, and in point of excellence not inferior to any similar accumulation in this country.
The Mercantile Library Association was organized in 1839, by the merchants' clerks of
Baltimore. In 1848, the Association obtained a perpetual lease of the lower floor of the
Athenceum building, and since that time the success of the enterprise has not been debate-
able. The Library has rapidly increased and has hecome a feature in our city. It is
circulating in its character, and all classes of our citizens, ladies as well as gentlemen are
permitted to enjoy its privileges upon payment of the necessary dues. Proper care is
exercised in the selectic >n of books, and only those are placed upon the shelves which are
likely to elevate the tone, or encourage the literary taste of the reader. A reading-room is
attached to the library, which is always abundantly supplied with the latest journals, and
most popular periodicals.
John McDonogh, a native of Baltimore, but for many years a resident of New Orleans
died in 1850 in the latter city, leaving a very large fortune to Baltimore and New Orleans

kfta.1*.,

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llliiiHL;

«%Pr

YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION BUILDING.

- is -s -a ¦« i

44 The Monumental City,
for the education of poor children. The will of Mr. McDonogh was contested and for a
number of years a legal war was waged which threatened to engulph the whole estate,
and which did consume a large portion of the money intended for charitable purposes.
The contest was at length decided in favor of the two cities, and in the division of the
property Baltimore received about $800,000. The intention of the donor was to establish
a School-Farm, where children were to be instructed in the Christian religion, a plain
English education, music, and the art of husbandry or farming. The Trustees, who
have charge of the fund have purchased a farm of eight hundred and thirty -three acres of
land in Baltimore County, about ten miles from the city, and purpose erecting thereon an
institution with all the necessary improvements to carry out the views of Mr. McDonogh.
The school will begin with one hundred pupils, and with a fund of $700,000 the interest
from which will be amply sufficient to cover all expenses.
We now propose to notice briefly the Societies and Associations in our city that are
devoted to the relief of suffering humanity.
" God loves a cheerful giver "—so do the poor. We know qf nothing more refreshing
than the genial smile of benevolence playing over the countenance of a silver-haired grand
father who has battled with the world for three-quarters of a century. If after contem
plating all the meannesses, the frauds, the deceptions, the disappointments of his own life,
he can smilingly put his hand in his pocket and draw forth from its recesses with real
pleasure the wherewithal for the comfort of those less fortunate, that man is simply sublime,
and his name is written in letters more lasting than bronze. Charity, which vaunteth itself
and is puffed up, the noisy demonstrative counterfeit of the genuine article, is as abundant
in Baltimore as elsewhere, but for true beneficence our city has no superior.
We will premise first that a street beggar is a rarity in Baltimore. Many things have
conduced to this result, — the utter absence of tenement-houses, with their squalid wretch
edness, — the fact that prior to the war the bulk of the poorer classes consisted of negroes,
and these were cared for by their masters, — the ample provision made by the city for this
class of our population, — but above all, the genuine spirit of benevolence which pervades
every avenue of our city, and gushes out regardless of race, sect or condition of life.
Almost every church in Baltimore has attached to it an eleemosynary association of some
description, and the vast majority of well to do and reputable citizens are connected with
one or more of the organizations for the relief of suffering humanity. Among those that
deserve special mention is the "Association for the Improvement of the Condition of the
Poor." Enrolled on its books are the names of the most prominent of our citizens. Its
system, as far as we know, is peculiar to Baltimore. No imposing structure arises osten
tatiously to point to the spot from whence the good works spring, but a back office in a
building on a by no means conspicuous street, is all that the Society can call their own.
The object of the Association is not to assist paupers, but to discourage vagrancy and
street begging as much as possible. As was said above, the city provides abundant refuge
for those who are unable to care for themselves, and however much the Association might
desire to give aid in this way, their limited resources would render it impossible. Their
aim is to help worthy persons to help themselves. Large communities swarm with
individuals, and even families, thoroughly worthy, whose daily lives are martyrdoms.
They struggle honestly, earnestly and industriously, but either owing to misdirected
efforts, or causes that neither economists nor philosophers have yet been able to explain,
they go down in the strife.
Frequently the heads of families are stricken down in the midst of their usefulness, and
helpless women and children are thrown upon the community without the means of
obtaining bread, or the worldly wisdom necessary to acquire those means, — business men
by a series of luckless operations are overwhelmed and paralyzed for the time being by the
very force of their misfortunes, — young men with situations which give them a bare sup
port are overtaken by disease, — a disastrous fire may sweep away the accumulations of

Its Past History and Present Resources.

45

years, — in all of these cases the parties would be too proud or too manly to become a
burden on the city, but a little help, the slightest in the world, extended at the proper
moment, will bridge over the chasm in their lives, and enable them to continue honorable
and useful members of society. To this portion of our population the services of the
Association have been unremitting. Quietly, on the principle that the right hand-should
not know what the left is doing, have the officers and agents moved through the city on
their errand of mercy, "To the alleys and lanes, where misfortune and guilt,
"Their children have gathered, their city have built,
" Where hunger and vice, like twin beasts of prey,
"Have hunted their victims to gloom and despair.
*****
"To the garret, where wretches, the young and the old,
"Half-starved and half-naked, lie crouched from the cold."

No portion of the city
has been neglected in their
visitations, and an especial
feature we think of our
community, ladies refined,
delicate, daintily dressed,
as ministering angels, fol
low in the footsteps of these
Good Samaritans, and the
dark dens of wretched
ness — for such there must
be in every large city — are
not seldom illumined by
their gentle presence. As
we have dwelt at consider
able length upon the above
organization, we are com
pelled to enumerate the
other minor charitable in
stitutions without com
ment. They are as fol
lows : " Henry Watson
Children's Aid Society,"
"Boys' Home," "Manual
Labor School," " House of
Industry," " Home for
Girls," " St. Paul's Boys'
Home," "Industrial School
for Girls," "St. Mary's In
dustrial School," " German
Orphan Asylum," " Union
Orphan Asylum," "Balti
more Orphan Asylum,"
"Colored Orphan Asylum,"
" Christ Church Orphan
Asylum," " St. Mary's Or
phan Asylum," "St. Vin
cent's Orphan Asylum,"

mm

"THE HOMELESS BOY.'

46

The Monumental City,

St. ^Patrick's Orphan Asylum," "Hebrew Orphan Asylum," " St. Peter's Orphan Asy-
lum, " St. Francis Orphan Asylum," " St. Anthony's Orphan Asylum," " St. Paul's
Orphan Asylum," "Aged Men's Home," "Aged Women's Home," "Home of the
Friendless," "House of the Good Shepherd," "Church Home," "Protestant Infirm
ary," ''Lombard Street Infirmary," "Washington University Hospital," "The Home,"

THE OLD FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, BUILT IN 1791.

Its Past History and Present Resources.

47

mf\

M
111

" St. Joseph's Gemian Hospital," " Young Catholic Friends' Society," " Sabbath As
sociation," "St. Joseph's School of Industry," "St. Vincent's Infant Asylum," "St.
Agnes' Hospital," " Asylum of the Little Sisters of the Poor," " Conferences of St. Vincent
de Paul," "Confraternity of St. Peter," "McKim Free School," "Colvin Institute," "Pris
oners Aid Association," " Young Men's Christian Association," " Young Women's Christian
Association ,' ' and eight
Dispensaries which distri
bute medicines gratuitous
ly to the poor. The above
are all imbued with the
same spirit of homely
charity as that association
of which we have spoken
at length. They realize
the truth of the adage, that
" charity begins at home,"
and they find an inexhaust
ible field for the display of
their energies. To say that
Baltimore has reaped in
calculable benefits from
their exertions, and that
the conspicuous lack of
real poverty in our midst
is mainly due to them, is
but a feeble expression of
the work the}r have accom
plished. A magnificent edifice has
been dedicated to the poor
by our City Fathers on the
eastern limits of the city.
The building entitled "Bay
View" because of the ex
pansive view it affords of
the Chesapeake Bay and
the surrounding country, is
spacious, commodious, and
from its inner comforts, and
the adoption of all modern
improvements more sugges
tive of the ample means of
some nabob who has re
tired from the cares of life
upon a princely income,
than of the home of the for
lorn and helpless vagabonds
which the seething caul- " the new first Presbyterian church.*
dron of city life casts to the surface. It was built at a cost of $500,000 and is surrounded
by grounds containing forty-six acres of land, from whence all the vegetables indigenous
to this portion of the globe, can be had in quantities to insure an unfailing supply to the
occupants. * Height of Towers, 78, 128 and 268 feet.

48 The Monumental City,
Immediately outside of the western boundaries of our city is located another monument
of the energy of some of our citizens, and those who administered the affairs of the corpo
ration in times agone. This is the House of Refuge, for the reformation of boys, who, like
Topsy, " never had no mother, but growed," or whose parents after a series of years of
unsuccessful training have pronounced them incorrigible, and have turned them over to-
the tender mercies of those who recognize no such word in their vocabulary. For years
this asylum was tolerably well supplied with inmates, but the establishment of the
"Boys' Home," and kindred institutions, has materially retarded the growth of these
embryotic felons, and it is to be hoped that the rapid enlargement in the future of their
sphere of usefulness will leave the House of Refuge without occupants.
The nation's of antiquity were divided as to their policy for disposing of those afflicted
with constitutional infirmities. While some maintained the doctrine that those who, by
reason of the loss of one or more of the senses, or because of physical deformity, could not
contribute towards the support of the State, should be summarily slaughtered ; others
upheld the less revolting but almost equally absurd theory, that this class were divinities
or demi-gods, and should be worshipped accordingly. The insane, the idiotic, the blind,
the deaf and dumb, were in some communities immediately put to death, while in others
their mad prattle or incoherent mutterings were unhesitatingly adopted as oracles upon
which depended the fate of empires. Though perhaps it is quite as impossible now to
" minister to a mind diseased" as in the days of yore, it must be confessed that the moderns
in their appreciation of this unfortunate class are far ahead of the ancients.
Every enlightened community regards them as the wards of the nation, an outgrowth
it may be of the sins of the people, but nevertheless irresponsible for their misfortunes, and
to be cared for with the utmost kindness and tenderness, as does a parent for an afflicted child.
Some of the finest edifices in our country, imposing in design, artistic in structure and
splendidly finished, attest the consideration which our people evince toward this phase of
suffering humanity.
The State of Maryland has vied with private benevolence in her efforts to provide for
the afflicted, and the result has been the erection of Asylums magnifice nt in point of
architectural finish, and embracing in their management all the best features that the
extensive experience of the nineteenth century can furnish. Nineteen years ago a project
was set on foot which had for its object the erection of an Insane Asylum. A number
of citizens banded together and raised an amount sufficient to purchase one hundred and
thirty-six acres of land on the road leading from Baltimore to Catonsville. This property
was donated to the State, on condition that an Asylum should be erected for the insane
Successive legislatures appropriated about $750,000 for this purpose and the result has
been the "Spring Grove Asylum," an institution complete in all its appointments, with
capacity for three hundred patients, and which is equal in every respect to any similar.
establishment in this or any other country.
Moses Sheppard, descended from a Quaker family and a member of that persuasion him
self, died in this city in 1857, after having amassed by industry and frugality, a very
considerable fortune. Mr. Sheppard, early in life was horrified at sight of the treatment
extended to insane paupers in our almshouses and jails. Men and women were crowded
into narrow cells.'Stripped of every comfort, chained to the floor or braced to the miserable
apologies for beds and literally suffered to wallow in filth. Their coarse and insufficient
food was grudgingly meted out to them, and scantily clad they were exhibited like wild
beasts to the morbid gaze of those whose gorge did not revolt at the spectacle. Many
whose mild maladies might have been cured by timely and proper treatment, were trans
formed into raving maniacs, and instances were not rare of patients tortured to death by
the use of the scourge or the lack of decent food. They were treated as though they were
incarcerated for heinous crimes rather than confined as a security to themselves, with the
hope of ameliorating their condition. This system was long in vogue in many sections of

Its Past History and Present Resources.

49

this country. Custom had deadened the sensibilities of the public, and its very antiquity-
was a sufficient excuse for its brutality.
That we have been emancipated from this frightful incubus, that we have awakened to
a proper appreciation of this unfortunate class of people, and that the insane from all
parts of our State can now, within a stone's throw of Baltimore, receive the best atten
tion and treatment that skill or experience can suggest, is due to the munificence and
energy of such men as Moses Sheppard. For many years this subject was the leading
idea of his life. He surrounded himself with plans, examined carefully the designs of the
most prominent Asylums m the country, and studied the various systems adopted for the

HEBREW HOSPITAL.
treatment of lunatics. Before his death he had matured a scheme for an Insane Asylum
somewhat novel in its character, and it is to be presumed, from the care bestowed upon its
creation, the best that has yet been devi^d.
Six hundred thousand dollars were donated by Mr. Sheppard for the erection and
maintenance of the institution. The money was prudently invested, and has since that
time with the property acquired increased to $1,000,000.
Three hundred and seventy-seven acres of land have been purchased within six
miles of Baltimore, with an outlet both upon Charles Street Avenue and the York
4

50 The Monumental City,
Road. The land is beautifully located in one of the most picturesque sections of our
State, and in the hands of the landscape-gardener is destined to become a most exquisite
addition to the natural ornaments which surround our city. The building is in course_of
erection, the annual income from the endowment furnishing the funds for its construction.
The style of architecture is Elizabethan. When completed it will have no superior on
this continent for beauty of design, or substantial comfort to those who will be its occu
pants. The patients are to be selected by the Trustees, according to their best judgment, — and
as the establishment is mainly designed for a curative Hospital, care must necessarily be
taken to open its doors principally to those whose types of insanity are such as hold out
hopes of ultimate recovery. The charges for maintenance of patients are to be regulated
by the ability of themselves or their relatives to pay their expenses; if utterly unable, the
charges will be remitted altogether.
"Mount Hope," in the Northwestern suburbs of the City, has long been celebrated for
its treatment of insane patients. The accommodations of the institution are ample, while
the beautiful grounds by which it is surrounded must, if anything can, produce a soothing
effect upon the terrible maladies of those who saunter through its avenues or rest under
the peaceful shadows of the foliage, so near to the whirl and bustle of the busy city, and
yet so entirely separated from its life and passions.
It will thus be seen that through State aid and private charity and enterprise, those
bereft of reason in our midst have been most lavishly provided with homes.
Closely allied to the above, are the institutions for the cure of inebriates. The opinion
has rapidly gained ground during the past few years that drunkenness, like insanity, con
sumption and a host of other maladies is constitutional or inheritable. Whether this be
so or not it is unnecessary here to inquire. Philanthropists have been awakened to the
necessity of placing a check upon this frightful scourge. Whether proceeding from the
painful weakness of human nature, or the reckless carelessness which has almost become
a feature of modern life, the results of drunkenness are the same upon the public weal,
and society to save itself has been forced to seek the best method of preventing it. Inebri
ate Asylums have been established in different parts of the country, and Baltimore has
not been behindhand. A number of benevolent persons founded a few years ago, an
Asylum in the Western part of Baltimore, and Mount Hope Retreat, about six miles
from the City, has a distinct department reserved for the restoration of inebriates. It may
seem quixotic to direct benevolence to this channel, but when we consider that the majority
of diseases are directly or indirectly the result of violations of the plainest principles of
nature, and that by far the greater number of crimes may be traced to the improper use of
spirituous liquors, the question assumes another aspect. Instances are not rare of poor
besotted wretches rescued from the gutter and taken to these retreats, limp, quivering with
horror and bearing about them but the semblance of manhood with its noble attributes,
its god-like qualities nearly dead. Kind words, gentle nursing, soothing remedies have
restored the relaxed muscles, and given tone to the broken spirit, and a few weeks have
sufficed to effect a radical cure. Many a valuable life has been saved, many a useful citi
zen restored to society through their influence.
The maimed, the halt, and the blind have been equally the objects of solicitude in our
City and State. The "Deaf and Dumb Asylum" established by the State in the city of
Frederick, is an enduring memorial of her consideration for all classes of her citizens. In
addition to the substantial and handsome edifice erected for their comfort, the institution
has been supplied with a corps of competent instructors, who educate the unfortunate chil
dren confided to their care as far as their sad deprivations will permit, and the proficiency
attained by the pupils in all branches of knowledge is truly wonderful when we consider
the obstacles against which they have to contend. An Asylum has been established on
Broadway, in this City, for the care and education of colored deaf mutes.

Its Past History and Present Resources.

51

The Maryland Institution for the Instruction of the Blind, located on North Avenue, in
this City, was incorporated in 1853, through the efforts of several benevolent citizens. The
present building, constructed of Baltimore County Marble at a cost of $145,000— is beauti
fully located and can accomodate all who are likely to apply for admission for years to
come. Those who are able to pay are expected to do so, but the indigent are received and
educated at the expense of the State.
Mr. Thomas Kelso, a native of Ireland, but for eighty-two years a citizen of Baltimore, has
been long known in our city as a benevolent and philanthropic gentleman. His many dona
tions to charitable purposes, and the princely aid he has given to churches would of
themselves entitle him to special notice. Age has not dimmed that spark of humanity
which shone with such lustre in days of yore, nor has experience tempered its brightness.
Eighty-nine years of life have but intensified his love for his fellow beings. Within a few
weeks he has purchased a house and lot for a Methodist Episcopal Orphan Asylum, and

BLIND ASYLUM.
has endowed it with one hundred thousand dollars. Thus in the evening of his days
he is enabled to contemplate the practical workings of his many charities, and to behold
this crowning memorial which will number him among the benefactors of mankind.
Samuel Ready, a native of Baltimore County, but for many years a lumber-dealer in our
City, left at his death $400,000, for the establishment of an Asylum for Female Orphans.
Early in life his attention was attracted to those pitiful waifs who stray into lumber-yards ,
and earn a precarious livelihood by the pickings and frequently, stealings they may gather
thence. He was painfully aware of the manifold temptations to which they are exposed and the
aim of his existence appears to have been, by rigid economy and close application to
business, to set apart a sufficient sum to provide these little creatures with a shelter and
home. Mr. Johns Hopkins, a gentleman thoroughly identified with the interests of Baltimore,
and one of her wealthiest and most influential citizens, has determined to establish a

52

The Monumental City, Its Past History, Etc.

series of charities which for munificence and scope, will exceed any heretofore instituted
by any one person in America. Mr. Hopkins is of an old and highly respectable Quaker
family from the adjoining county of Anne Arundel, and came to Baltimore in 1812, and
entered upon a mercantile career which by his sagacity, frugality and energy, has
developed into a success unexampled in the history of the City. While amassing a fortune,
colossal in its dimensions, he has kept steadily in view the prosperity and advancement of"
Baltimore, and has contributed greatly to the improvement of the City by fostering her
commercial interests, erecting solid and substantial edifices for her increasing trade, and
extending timely and judicious aid to her young and enterprising merchants and
manufacturers. The material assistance which he granted to the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad in the
hours of darkness which shrouded that corporation prior to 1857, is deserving of special
mention. Mr. Hopkins endorsed the paper of the corporation to a large amount, and
pledged his private fortune in support of the Company's interests. The present condition
of that great work fully attests his sagacity, and to the judgment which led him to embark

mwxmpMm
wmmMkm

BOYS' HOME.

his capital in the fortunes of this company, is due much of the success which has attended
his subsequent business career. He now proposes to crown a useful life by conferring upon
the community in which he made it the perpetual benefit of much the larger portion of
his great fortune.
The "Johns Hopkins University" has been organized by the appointment of trustees.
They have been carefully selected by Mr. Hopkins from among the business men of the
highest standing and character in Baltimore. It will be a University in fact and not
merely in name — embracing in its functions the various branches necessary to thorough
education, to which will be added a Botanical School on an extended scale. His mag
nificent and beautiful estate on the outskirts of the City, "Clifton," containing nearly four
hundred acres of land, has been set apart for this purpose, and the trustees have been
clothed with ample powers for the maintenance of the University in a manner which will
be creditable to the City and an honor to the memory of the donor. Its endowment will
be four millions of dollars.
The site of the old Maryland Hospital, fourteen acres within the City, has been pur
chased by Mr. Hopkins for the erection of a Hospital for the reception of all persons

HOME OF THE AGED OF THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH, CORNER OF WEST FRANKLIN AND FULTON STREETS, BALTIMORE.

54 The Monumental City, Its Past History, Etc.
afflicted with bodily injuries or non-contagious disorders. Separate buildings will be
provided for the sexes, and also for the unfortunate of different races. The services of the
most skillful surgeons and physicians will be secured, and an endowment of over two
millions will provide ample means for its support.
In addition to the above, Mr. Hopkins has made liberal arrangements for the erection
of an asylum for the education and maintenance of about four hundred colored orphan
children, which will be under the supervision of the trustees of the "Johns Hopkins
Hospital." "The Press" of Baltimore is peculiar. In these days when journalism may be said
to be paramount, when it directs public opinion, frames legislation, prescribes the code of
morality, and at the same time furnishes highly seasoned and meretricious food to palates
vitiated by excess of sensation, the Press of our City is almost original. Its aim thus far
has been " to hold up the mirror to nature," faithfully to portray current events as they
actually occur, to exaggerate nothing, "nor set down aught in malice."
The example set by several of the gasat dailies of New York, of transforming the most
trivial events into matters of excitement through the magic of a vivid imagination, or of
relying entirely upon that wonderful faculty for striking impressions, has been extensively
imitated in many of the large cities of America. Public taste thus perverted reacts upon
public journals, and a morbid appetite is engendered which newspapers find it difficult to
satisfy. The Press of our City has happily avoided this snare, and the public of Balti
more, by its appreciation, endorses what it considers the true vocation of journalism.
Our journalists are men of culture, education and ability, and what is of infinitely
more importance, incapable of prostituting the censorship they exercise, for personal con
siderations. The entente cordiale is strictly observed between those engaged in rival
enterprises, and rarely forgotten even in the ardor of a political campaign.
The history of the Press of Baltimore would be exceedingly curious and interesting,
but our space will only permit a brief reference to those newspapers at present in existence,
and wielding a potent influence in the community. The Baltimore American and Com
mercial Advertiser naturally heads the list, both because of its antiquity and its importance
as a public journal. Away back in the annals of the City, when Baltimore was little
more than a country village, and Annapolis a commercial emporium, we find mention of
a Mr. William Goddard, a printer of Rhode Island, who, with the acuteness and enter
prise so characteristic of his section, moved from Philadelphia, where he had for sometime
resided, and on the 20th of August, 1773, established a paper in this City, entitled the
Maryland Journal and Baltimore Advertiser. Prior to this date it was customary to
receive the paper from and send advertisements to either Annapolis or Philadelphia.
It is difficult to conceive at this day that Baltimore could have been at any time so
helplessly dependent upon Annapolis, that venerable connecting link between the present
and the past. Goddard's paper was at first issued in weekly instalments from a house on
South street, near the main thoroughfare of the City. The smouldering fires of the Revo
lution were being rapidly fanned into a blaze, and a feverish excitement had taken pos
session of the public. A better moment for beginning a newspaper enterprise could
scarcely have been selected, and the old files of the paper give convincing proof of the
proprietor's appreciation of the crisis. Mr. Goddard more than once during "the times
that tried men's souls" displayed an indomitable perseverence in the acquisition of news
so characteristic of modern journalists, but not viewed in a friendly light by our Revolu
tionary fathers. On several occasions he was called to account for inopportune publica
tions, or for the freedom with which he criticised the actions of those in power, and the ardor
with which he espoused the cause of Gen. Charles Lee, when that officer was suspended
by the fiat of a court-martial, brought about his ears the indignant protests of a number
of patriotic citizens, and but for a timely recantation, which he subsequently disclaimed

THE BALTIMORE AMERICAN BUILDING,
123 * 128 West Baltimore Street.

56 The Monumental City, Its Past History, Etc.
he would have received the coat of tar and feathers which was administered by the popu
lace to several of his less fortunate supporters.
After the war, and during the suspension of Benjamin Franklin from the Postoffice
Department, Mr. Goddard resigned the editorial chair to his sister, Miss Mary K. Goddard,
and undertook the establishment of post-routes in different parts of the country. Miss
Goddard was perhaps the first of her sex in America to assume the arduous duties of a
journalist, but with the assistance of several gentlemen of talent and public spirit, she
more than maintained the high character the paper had acquired under the management
of her brother. She afterwares took charge of the local postoffice, and discharged the
duties of both positions with credit to herself, and to the entire satisfaction of the great
public of Baltimore, which at this period consisted of some seven or eight thousand persons.
The early files of the paper, a number of which are still preserved at the American
office, exhibited signs of business energy and enterprise which compare very favorably
with like manifestations in our city to-day. The advertising columns were well filled,
and the accuracy and celerity apparent in the collection of news seem marvellous when we
consider the impossibility of easy and regular communication.
These old files give a very fair picture of the customs which prevailed at that period.
The announcement of a combat to take place on Laudenslager's hill, between a royal
Bengal tiger and four well trained dogs, sounds rather primitive to modern readers of
newspapers, and the result of the terrific struggle, the dying agonies of the royal brute,
and the subsequent exhibition of his stuffed skin to the public at a shilling a head, and
half price for those of tender years, is really refreshing in the light of these degenerate
days, when the fancy are confined to the tamer amusements of cock-fighting, rat-killing
and punching each others heads.
In 1798 the name of the Maryland Journal and Baltimore Advertiser was changed to the
American and Daily Advertiser, and in the year 1820 to the Baltimore American akd
Commercial Advertiser, the title under which it is issued at present. The American
during the hundred years of its Ufe has not been exempt from the vicisitudes of fortune. —
Like other papers its lines have sometimes been cast in pleasant places, and at others the
reverse has been the case. Its course however has always been consistent. Bold and
outspoken in its sentiments and generally enlisted on the side of good government and
the true interests of Baltimore, it has become a power in the community and has aided
very materially in the development and progress of our City.
In 1855, Mr. Charles C. Fulton, its present proprietor, took charge of the paper. A prac
tical newspaper man himself he fully appreciated the fact that a public Journal to be
successful must give the news to its readers in an attractive form and with as near an
approach to accuracy as circumstances will permit. Since that time the success of the
American has been uninterrupted As its name imports, it is an admirable commercial
paper and relied upon by our merchants and business men for its able and thorough
market reports and monetary articles.
The tone of the paper is temperate and the impartial bearing it has maintained upon all
questions affecting the growth and development of our City and its internal management,
has established for it a reputation for good sense and sound judgment, and its advice has
been repeatedly sought and acted upon by the municipal authorities, even though opposed
to its political teachings. The financial management of the paper since 1869 has been
marked by great ability and enterprise, and has contributed measurably to its prosperity.
The publication of The Stw, of which Mr. A. S. Abell, the original founder, is the
proprietor, was begun May 17th, 1837. It was the first attempt made in this city to
establish a penny -paper, and its success during the first nine months of its existence far
exceeded the most sanguine hopes of its projectors. The breaking out of the Mexican war
and the energy displayed by the proprietors of TJie Sun in securing the earliest intelli
gence from the seat of war by means of a pony express gave the paper an impetus which
it has since then maintained, in fact, its subsequent career has been an uninterrupted success.

THE SUN IRON BUILDING,
S. E. Corner of Baltimore and South Streets,
BALTIMORE, MD.
OFFICE OF THE DAILY AJVD WEEKL Y SUXV,
THE BEST AND CHEAPEST NEWSPAPERS PUBLISHED.
Daily circulation larger than all the other city morning papers combined— conse
quently unrimalled as an advertising medium.
TERMS- Daily Sun, $6 for 12 months; $3 for 6 months; $1.50 for 3 months.
Weekly Sun, $1.50 for 12 months; %\for 6 months— m advance.
A. S. ABELL & GO., Proprietors.

The Monumental City, Its Past History, Etc. 59
As a public journal, giving the news in a concise but readable form, The Sun has no
¦superior in the country. Sagacity and enterprise are exhibited in its management, and
its eiditorial columns are marked by ability and sound sense. The Sun Iron Building, on
"the southeast corner of South and Baltimore streets, from whence the paper is at present
issued, was the first edifice of that character erected in America. It was built entirely of
iron at a time when business men generally were unwilling to try the experiment, and its
usefulness and beauty have abundantly attested the discernment of Mr. Abell.
The publication of The Daily Exchange was begun in this City on the 22d of Feb-
Tua^, 1858. The paper because of the bold stand it assumed with reference to local
•disorders and its manly and vigorous leaders, immediately attracted attention.
It was mainly instrumental in restoring a healthy tone to local politics, and during the
first year of its existence became a power in the community.
The Exchange was suppressed by the strong arm of the military in 1861, but promptly
reappeared as the Maryland News Sheet, under which title it was published until the
¦cessation of hostilities in 1865, when it was issued under its present name, The Balti
more Gazette. On the 3d of May of the present year The Gazette partially changed
hands. Mr. Charles J. Baker, a prominent merchant and manufacturer of this City, and a gen
tleman of no ordinary enterprise, united himself with Messrs. Welsh & Carpenter in fhe
conduct of the paper — the latter having been connected with it from its origin. The name
¦of Mr. Baker must be a tower of strength to any journal issued in Baltimore City. With
rare busin^sss tact, large experience and ample means, he unites sterling integrity and a
lofty and generous nature, whose impulses are ever enlisted for the advancement of the
¦City and the good of the people.
The Gazette will be published hereafter in the quarto form, after the manner of the lead
ing New York dailies. Its prospectus is admirable. "It will maintain fully and fearlessly
an independent position ; but whilst it will be free from all partizan trammels, it will con
sistently advocate and maintain Democratic principles.
It will be under the control of no cliques It will not admit the right of any one to
dictate its policy. It will utter its own opinions.
It will defend the right. It will denounce wrong. It will strive to be worthy of public
¦confidence, by correct accounts of current eveijts, and fair discussion of public measures;
by withholding scandal, as well as exposing public vices. It is pledged not to screen
wrong doing in any one. Political and commercial friends will be sustained, so far as
ihey are right. If they wish wrong palliated, or schemes of plunder and mismanagement
in public affairs defended, they must seek other "helpers.
Considering the growth and wealth and resources of this city, its extending commerce,
its many avenues of trade, * * * * ; considering its position and capability of becoming
one of the largest centres of commercial and manufacturing activity in the country; con
sidering the number and increase of its public charities, and plans of public education, we
have room among its growing activities for more public journals, and especially for one of
-the veryhighest class.
In carrying out its plans it will scrutinize the management of public institutions and
¦faithfully comment on their administration, and the capacity and uprightness of their
managers. It will advocate a liberal policy for public schools ; and whilst it will be a
¦cherished aim to watch these nurseries of thought and morals for evidences of successful
and conscientious administration, it will not hesitate to oppose promptly partisanship or
incapacity in school boards or teachers."
With the enlargement of the size of the paper there will be a corresponding increase in
the amount of reading matter, and no pains will be spared to obtain the earliest and most
trustworthy news and the most interesting correspondence.

'^WSHHB

GERMAN CORRESPONDENT BUILDING,
CORNER BALTIMORE STREET AKD POST OFFICE AvENDE.

The Monumental City, Its Past History, Etc. 61
The above is the programme of The Gazette under its new auspices. The names of the
gentlemen who have charge of the paper are a sufflcient guarantee that it will be complied
with in every respect.
This journal already wields a potent influence in the City of Baltimore and many sec
tions of Maryland and the Southern States. That this will be measurably increased under
its new direction admits of no doubt.
The emigration of Germans to our city has aided materially in its development. As a
class they have been industrious, energetic and enterprising, and many of the interests,
detailed minutely in another portion of this volume, owe their rise and subsequent success
to their sagacity and skill. A large number of them upon reaching our shores find it
dfflcult to master our language, and in consequence several newspapers have been estab
lished in this city which are published in the German language.
The most prominent is the German Correspondent, founded in 1840 by Col. Frederick
Eaine, who has been since that time, a period of nearly thirty-three years, its proprietor
and chief editor. The paper began its career as a weekly journal, with a list of eighty
subscribers, but, through the prudence and energy of its proprietor, in 1848 it became one
of the leading dailies of our city. In 1869, the Marble Building at the southwest corner of
Baltimore street and Post Office avenue, was built by Colonel Raine at a cost of $200,000,
and since that time the Correspondent has been regularly issued from that handsome and
substantial edifice. Its success is sufficient evidence of the admirable management of the
paper and the ability displayed in the editorial columus has made it an influential organ
among the Germans of Maryland and the neighboring States.
A number of weekly papers are published in this City, prominent among which is the
Baltimore Bulletin, of which W. Mackay Laffan and S. S. Early are proprietors. —
This paper was established in 1870, and by its sprightliness, wit and common sense, soon
earned for itself a popularity surpassing that of any weekly in Baltimore. It is not likely
to lose its prestige in the hands of its present publishers.
Among the periodicals published the Southern Magazine occupies perhaps the most
conspicuous place. Its selected matter evinces taste and judgment, and the original articles
which appear in its pages give evidence of ability and cultivation.
Among the weeklies and monthlies there are a number of journals devoted exclusively
to religion. These are under the auspices of the different denominations and are well
supported by the respective Churches, both in this City and the rural districts of this and
other States.
The Merchants Exchange and News Room has been organized for more than a
half century. For the past thirty years it has been under the management and proprietor
ship of Mr. George U. Porter. Prior to the purchase by the general Government of the
old Exchange Building, the reading rooms were located therein, but in 1857, they were
removed to the adjoining building where they have since been located. A careful record
is preserved at the Exchange News Rooms, of the marine and commercial news ; tele
graphic advices of the New York and Liverpool markets are received ; together with files
of papers from all the principal points in our own and foreign countries. The rooms are
maintained at considerable expense and for support are dependent upon the annual sub
scriptions of the members.
The Marine Observatory is situated on Federal Hill-, overlooking the river and
Chesapeake Bay to a distance of twenty miles and signaling vessels as they approach the
harbor. Though entirely independent of the Exchange, it is nevertheless a valuable
auxiliary. The Board op Trade of Baltimore, with the single exception of the New York
Chamber of Commerce, is the oldest in the United States. It was organized in 1820, and
in 1849 a reorganization was effected which proved highly beneficial, the Board since that
time having proved itself thoroughly active and efficient. Recently, similar organizations

62 The Monumental City,
have been formed in nearly all the cities on the seaboard, from Portland to New Orleans,
and every prominent city in the West to the Pacific coast has its Board of Trade or
Chamber of Commerce, designed more especially to promote the interests of its immediate
locality, but by united representation in the National Board, destined to wield much
influence in shaping the commercial policy of the country. The high character of the
men who compose the Board in this City have given to it a tone and strength almost
peculiar to Baltimore.
The members elect annually a President, four Vice Presidents, Secretary, Treasurer, and
twenty-four Directors. Stated monthly meetings are held in their rooms at the Exchange
Reading Rooms for the transaction of business. The first President under the reorganiza
tion in 1849 was John C. Brune, who filled that position with credit to himself and to the
satisfaction of the Board until 1862, when he was succeeded by Thomas C. Jenkins, who
served three years. The lamented Albert Schumacher was then chosen President, which
position he occupied until his death, on the 26th of June, 1871. Horatio L. Whitridge was
selected as the successor of Mr. Schumacher and still occupies the position with B. M.
Hodges, Jr., J. Hall Pleasants, Laurence Thomsen and Israel M. Parr, Vice Presidents,
Edward B. Dallam, Treasurer, and George U. Porter, Secretary. Mr. Port has filled the
position of Secretary to the Board since 1849, the date of its reorganization, with great
acceptability to the members.
The Baltimore Price Current and Weekly Journal of Commerce was first
issued on 29th June, 1849, by George U. Porter and Thomas W. Tobin. Prior to that
period and for some years thereafter but little attention was bestowed by the daily news
papers upon commercial reports, and the need of such a publication was keenly felt by
our merchants. Since the death of Mr. Tobin, in April, 1862, Mr. Porter has edited and
conducted this journal, and is at present its sole proprietor.
The Price Current is a faithful index of the Baltimore markets. It is conducted with
marked ability, and is accepted by our merchants and business men as the highest
authority in all matters pertaining to the trade and commerce of our City.
No city in America offers a broader field than Baltimore for the development of jour
nalistic enterprise. Those papers already established are eminently worthy of the
patronage they receive, but in a city of 300,000 inhabitants there must necessarily be room
for at least twice the number of journals which now occupy the field.
The moral and religious tone of our community is excellent. Though the city is not
¦exempt from the nameless evils incident to all localities where human beings dwell together
in masses, immorality does not rear its brazen front with impunity, nor does the law by
its inaction encourage vice or embolden its votaries. Purity from time immemorial has
been claimed as an especial virtue of the inhabitants, and our citizens have not soiled the
fair fame which has come down to them as a priceless legacy from their ancestors. ¦¦ Balti-
moreans are eminently a church-going people.
There are two hundred and four churches within the limits of the City divided among
the different denominations as follows : Methodist Episcopal 46 ; Protestant Episcopal 30;
Catholic 24 ; Presbyterian 18 ; Evangelical Lutheran 13 ; Baptist 10 ; Jewish Synagogues 9;
Methodist Episcopal (South) 9 ; Methodist Protestant 8 ; United Brethren 8 ; African Meth
odists 7 ; Reform Church "3 ; Independent Methodists 2 ; Friends 3 ; Swedenborgian 3 .
Evangelical Association 2 ; Independent Church 2 ; and the Christian, Seamen's Union
Bethel, Unitarian, and Universalists each one. Of the two hundred and four churches,
seventeen are maintained by the colored population of the City. In this summary of
churches none save those within the boundaries of the corporation are enumerated.
Immediately outside of the jurisdiction of the city are numerous churches and chapels,
many of them constructed and maintained largely through the liberality of our citizens,
which would swell the aggregate considerably. There are two hundred and thirty-seven
ecclesiastics actively engaged in ministerial duties who may be classified as follows :

Its Past History and Present Resources.

63

Catholics 61 ; Methodist Episcopal 43 ; Protestant Episcopal 44 ; Presbyterian 18 ; Evan
gelical Lutheran 12 ; Baptist 9 ; Methodist Protestant 9 ; Methodist Episcopal (South) 9 ;
United Brethren 6 ; Reformed Church 6 ; African Methodist 5 ; Independent Methodist 2 ;
Evangelical Association and Independent Church, two each ; and the Christian Church,

ST. PAUL'S P. E. CHURCH.

Seamen's Union Bethel, Universalist and Unitarian, each one. The Province of Bal
timore being at the head of the Catholic Hierachy in this country, the Primate of that
Church in America, Archbishop Bayley, with his council, resides in this City. Bishop
Whittingham, the Senior Bishop of the P. E. Diocese of Maryland, Bishop Ames of the

64 The Monumental City, Its Past History, Etc.
M. E. Church, Bishop Weaver of the United Brethren and Bishop Wayman of the African
M. E. Church, also live in Baltimore. »
Sunday is emphatically a day of rest in our City. Under the law, business of e-fe-y
description is suspended, and the citizens willingly co-operate with the authorities in the
enforcement of its provisions. A stillness unbroken, save by the tinkle of the car-bells
or the voices of the people as they move to and from the houses of worship, reigns through
the city during the morning hours, and upon pleasant afternoons the promenades and
thoroughfares are fairly alive with happy faces eager to bathe in the soft Sabbath sunlight
and breathe the invigorating air which rolls up from the Chesapeake.
A large amount of capital has been invested in the construction of Church edifices, and
many of them furnish evidences of cultivation and taste. This brings us to the con
sideration of another feature of our City.
The effect of its buildings upon the character of a city is not always properly appreci
ated. Sombreness or gaiety, lights or shadows, depend oftener than is generally supposed
upon the style of ornamentation adopted in the construction of our houses; and the tastes
and habits of a people may be sometimes accurately inferred from the style of Architec
ture prevalent among them. Not many years ago the popular mind was completely fet
tered in this regard by arbitrary rules. The most tyrannical despot could not have more
thoroughly bound his subjects hand and foot. The severity of -Grecian models or the
almost equally simple outlines of Roman architecture, formed the framework upon which
were designed all public buildings, while private dwellings, with few exceptions, were
constructed solely with a view to their inner convenience and comfort, and without a
thought to their external adornment. Wherever these heavy styles obtained exclusively,
a corresponding gravity was noticeable among the people.
The attention of Ruskin was attracted to this phase of the subject, and the efforts of that
practical but exquisite thinker, coupled with the exertions of his co-workers, have effected
a complete revolution in the science of architecture abroad, while the fresh and vigorous
impulses of Americans have done much to emancipate them from the master they learned
to serve in provincial times. The spirit which held us in Grecian and Roman bonds is
rapidly giving way before the ambitious efforts of our energetic architects, and a system
has grown up not referable to any particular style, but a combination of many which may
be described as distinctively American.
The steady and substantial development of Baltimore has been favorable to the con
struction of stable and handsome public edifices. While no recognized style of architec
ture has been rigidly enforced, the beauties and advantages of the Grecian, Roman)
Corinthian and Gothic have been adopted by our architects, and blended with more
modern ideas, varied occasionally by suggestions originating with themselves. As an
illustration of the advances since made in this direction we subjoin a cut of the old Light
Street Methodist Episcopal Church, built in 1797. The Roman outlines of its windows
scarcely relieve the primitive aspect of the building, and we turn with pride and some
what of enthusiasm to the magnificent Gothic structure known as the Mount Vernon
Place M. E. Church, and completed in 1872.
But the desire for architectural adornment manifested itself at an early period in the
history of Baltimore. In 1806 the foundations of the Cathedral, the metropolitan Church
of the Catholics in this country, were laid, and in 1821 it was consecrated. In thorough
ness of design and substantial workmanship it has no superior in the United States. It is
located at the corner of Cathedral and Mulberry Streets, an elevated portion of the City,
and is an unfailing source of admiration to all who visit Baltimore. It approaches nearer
the Roman style of architecture than any other, in its construction, though the architect
did not permit himself to be circumscribed by the limits of a particular school. It is
built in the form of a cross. The immense Dome suggesting* grandeur, while the massive

66

The Monumental City,

pillars and towering arches are indicative of a strength and durability, calculated to defy
the insidious ravages of time for many generations. The interior of the Cathedral is pro
fusely decorated with paintings of rare merit, and ita vaulted recesses by the manifold
vibrations they create, have given it a national reputation for acoustic properties.

if|,r

i!!iplkti?H^.fe,f^,.^l]lfll

^ijp

MOUNT VERNON PLACE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH.
Dixon & Carson, Architects, Baltimore.
St. Paul's Church, at the corner of Charles and Saratoga streets, a fair specimen of tha
Romanesque or Lombardic, by its uniqueness of design gives variety to our church
architecture.

Its Past History and Present Resources. 67
In point of beauty, exquisite finish and faithful adherence to scientific principles the
First Presbyterian Church, at the corner of Madison and Park streets, stands alone. It is
built in the Pointed Gothic Style, of a very richly colored freestone from the quarries of
New Brunswick. The ornamentation though simple is highly wrought and the perfect
symmetry and grace of its numerous spires, and in fact of every portion of the edifice will
challenge comparison with any similar effort at home or abroad. The eye dwells upon
its bold but comely outlines with ever increasing delight, and the citizen evinces a legiti
mate pride in a structure which is at once a triumph in architecture, and a memorial of the
taste of Baltimoreans.
Among the churches possessing claims to notice for architectural finish may be mentioned
the Independent Methodist Church at the corner of Lexington and Calhoun Streets, and
the Entaw Place Baptist Church — both of them modified specimens of Gothic Architecture.
But the spirit of improvement in the science of architecture, has not been confined to
the embellishment of churches. Many of our public buildings give evidences of marked
progress in this respect. The City Hall, now approaching completion in the heart of the
City is a magnificent marble structure, the design of which is in accordance with the
Roman style, very materially modified by modern innovations, of which the French roof
is a prominent feature. The marble was obtained from the quarries near the City, and
dressed in the vicinity of the building by Baltimore stone cutters. The City Hall, when
finished, will be one of the handsomest and most imposing edifices in this country, and
will reflect credit on our City, the materials for its construction, to the minutest item,
having been obtained within the limits of the State, and the work upon it, having been
done altogether by the artisans of Baltimore.
The Baltimore City Jail, a massive granite structure, Romanesque in its outlines, combines
with usefulness and durability all the most attractive features of that impressive style of
architecture, and may be cited as a model for the erection of prison buildings, an experience
of fifteen years having demonstrated as well its security as its thorough sanitary properties.
The Masonic Temple, on Charles street, and the Voung Men's Christian Association
Building, to be constructed at the corner of Charles and Saratoga streets, the one of white
marble, the other of pressed brick, with freestone dressings, are distinctive types of what
may be termed American Architecture. Their outlines are referable to no received schools,
but embrace features which resemble in some respects the leading characteristics both of
Grecian and Romanesque styles, so blended with modern principles of construction and
originality of design, as to puzzle the student pertinaciously bent upon adding to his class
ical knowledge, but none the less interesting and attractive to the general public on that
account. The United States Custom House and Court House are both substantial buildings,
the one located for convenience at the corner of Gay and Second streets, in the business
heart of the city, and the other at the corner of Fayette and North streets, in close prox
imity to the offices of the members of the Bar and the State Courts of Justice.
In addition to the above there are many other public buildings of prominence, a very
large number of which are built entirely of white marble, inexhaustible supplies of this
material lying within easy access of the city and procurable at rates which make it
specially desirable for building purposes.
Any reference to the architecture of Baltimore would be incomplete, without an allusion
to the dwelling houses of her citizens. In traversing some cities, a feeling of oppressive
ness steals over the traveller which he strives in vain to overcome. The streets are
methodically laid out, the houses neat, regularly built, and uniform in appearance, and
the stranger instinctively looks within himself for an explanation of his dullness. This
feeling is easily accounted for. Nature abhors equality and similitude. This very
uniformity produces a sensation of weariness. A street may be lined on either side for
miles with handsome residences, but if they are of the same size, built exactly alike, with
similar door-heads, windows, shutters, cornices, and roofs, the effect is necessarily monoto-
5

68 The Monumental City, Its Past History, Etc.
nous, and when to this is added an indefinite number of streets, counterparts of the one
described above, we cease to wonder at the tiresome impression created. Baltimore is
certainly as free from this fault as any city in the United States. While the streets in
many portions of the city are lined with costly and elegant dwellings, there is generally
sufficient variety in the mode of construction, and external adornment to attract attention
and insure interest, and the numerous cottages which dot the sides of our thoroughfares
especially in the sections recently built, impart a charm to the landscape which must be
seen to be appreciated.
It is proverbially said that Republics are ungrateful, and the adage earns confirmation
from the spectacle presented to-day in the Capital of the Country. A huge mass of marble
rises out of the mud-flats on the Potomac river. Misshapen, unfinished and gradually
settling in the ooze upon which its foundations are laid, it is rather a monument to the
bad taste of the American people, or their representatives, and the lukewarmness with
which they regard their great benefactors, than a memorial of him who was "first in
peace, first in war, and first in the hearts of his countrymen." For more than twenty
years the most strenuous efforts have been made by the patriotic people of the United
States of both sexes to complete this marble column in honor of him whom the world
calls great, but the shaft has scarcely risen above the foundations.
The vividness of the contrast presented by the action of our own people fairly entitles
Baltimore to be styled " The Monumental City," a name by which she is known both at
home and abroad, and of which she is justly proud. In 1809, while the City was yet in
swaddling clothes, a number of well-known citizens were empowered by the Legislature of
Maryland to erect in Baltimore a Monument to George Washington. It was to have
been built upon the spot where the Battle Monument now stands, but the breaking out
of the war between this country and Great Britain soon absorbed public attention, and
the project was held in abeyance until hostilities had ceased. In the meantime the City
had been saved from destruction by the Battle of North Point, and the heroism of those
who had fallen in that memorable action was fresh in the minds of the citizens. To
honor their memories appeared as natural as commendable to Baltimoreans, and the
echoes of the guns had scarcely died away ere a petition was circulated by the Committee
of Safety soliciting subscriptions for this purpose. All classes contributed freely, and in
1815 the "Battle Monument" was reared in the centre of the space now known as Monu
ment Square.
This necessitated a change of location for the Washington Monument, and Col. John
Eager Howard, distinguished as an officer in the Revolutionary war, and subsequently
Governor of Maryland, offered the Commissioners as much land as was needed about the
crest of the hill now known as Mount Vernon Place, but which was at that time covered
with forest trees. In those days it was customary to make use of lotteries to secure the
necessary funds for the prosecution of public enterprises, a rather questionable expedient
in the light of modern ideas of morality. Churches and buildings for secular purposes
were alike indebted to the blind goddess. It was thus that much of the money was
raised for the completion of the Washington Monument.
The corner-stone was laid with appropriate ceremonies on the 4th of July, 1815, and
the statue, representing Washington resigning his commission, was placed in position
October 19th, 1829. The Monument is a graceful Doric column built of white marble.
The base is 50 feet square and 24 feet high, and the column is 164 feet in height. The
whole structure rises to an elevation of over 280 feet above tide- water, and from its top can
be obtained a view which for beauty, variety and extent is seldom equalled.
At the base of this memorial lies the Monumental City, a picture, the inequalities of
which are softened by the distance of the spectator, and whose attractive features are beau
tifully blended by its subtle enchantment,— to the south, the Patapsco rolls on to' the

WASHINGTON MONUMENT.

70

The Monumental City,

stately Chesapeake, land-locked and obstructed by many a rudely jutting point from the
adjacent County of Anne Arundel, or the low-browed shores on the opposite side,— to the
west, the hills, gathering strength as they recede, rise one above another until a lofty spur
of the Blue Ridge marks the horizon, and its azure lines shut out the scene beyond —to
the north and east the beautiful villas and smiling valleys of Baltimore County are seen
in numbers— the whole forming a gorgeous panorama which the visitor once contem
plating will not easily forget.

WILDEY MONUMENT, BROADWAY.

Baltimore has other claims to the title mentioned above. On the 2fith «f a„„-i 100e
the Odd Fellows' Monument, an unique structure sm-mounted by a GrecLn n„? ', *'
the whole 52 feet in height, was dedicated to Thomas iSSS.l SS :S Z g£5

Its Past History and Present Resources. 71
Odd Fellows in America. The Monument is on Broadway, above Baltimore Street, and
is a very handsome ornament to the eastern section of the City.
The Wells and McComas Monument has been erected in Ashland Square to the memory
of the two young men who are popularly supposed to have slain General Ross, the
commander of the British troops in the battle of North Point, contributing thereby very
greatly to the defeat of the invaders, though neither of them lived to learn the service they
bad rendered to their native City.
In America the taste for Painting and Sculpture has not proportionately developed with
ber material advancement. While in the number, variety and usefulness of her discove
ries and inventions, the United States has surpassed every other enlightened nation, she
has never ceased to pay tribute to Europeans in the matter of the Fine Arts. This does
not arise so much from the want of talent among our people as from the morbid national
tendency to sacrifice the ideal to the desire of gain, and the absence of that higher class in
our midst upon whose patronage and wealth, Art has always been completely dependent.
Thus in almost every instance where native artists have attained eminence it has been
.secured under the fostering influence of a more congenial clime and accompanied by the
aid and countenance of persons other than Americans.
In matters of art Baltimore has made much unostentatious progress, and to day there
are collections of pictures, growing little by little, in the possession of some of her citizens,
which promise within the near future to assume proportions of national interest. Mr.
William T. Walters is the owner of one which is conceded to be the finest in the United
States. Colonel J. Strieker Jenkins comes next, with a large and extremely valuable
collection, a majority of the pictures in which were painted upon direct commissions from
the owner and not purchased when already finished and in the market. The most distin
guished names in contemporary art are to be found in it. There are several other promi
nent collectors, foremost among whom may be mentioned Mr. John King, Jr., Vice
President of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad ; Mr. George R. Vickers, a retired merchant;
Mr. Samuel S. Early, a Baltimore editor, formerly of Terra Haute, Indiana ; Mr. B. F.
Newcomer, Mr. D. L. Bartlett, Dr. George Reuling, and others.
Mr. Walters' collection is a remarkable one in many respects — in the pictures that it
contains, the history of their acquisition, and the extreme beauty of the gallery, which for
graceful design, appropriateness to its purpose and costliness of material, is not anywhere
equalled in this country. It is situated in the rear of Mr. Walter's elegant city residence
on Mount Vernon Place, and the several years occupied in its construction have been
amply repaid. Nothing could be more charming than the beautiful spectacle that it
presents or the effect conveyed by the warm neutrality of its tapestry, fresco, woodwork,
and carpeting in contrast with the brilliant kaleidoscope of art treasures that hang on its
walls. Among the artists represented the following are noted at random from the differ
ent schools: Delaroche, Meissonnier, Gerome, Frere (Edouard), Jalabert, Rousseau,
Breton, Vibert, Plassan, Calame, Corot, Willems, Gallaif, Jaique, Zeim, Bonheur, Bida,
Hamon, Gleyre, Lasalle, Dargelas, Des Goffes, Odier, St. Jean, Tissot, Chavet, Landelle,
Breton (E.), Merle, Duverger, Prever, Hubner, Troyon, Van Marcke, Weber, Muller
Bischoff, Leutze, Achenbach, Hiddeman, Heilbuth, Fichel, Kensett, Hart, Durand, Wood-
ville, Stevens, Johnston, Richards, Church, Lambert, Trayer, Jacovacci, Herring, &c.
In Colonel Jenkins' collection must be noted several remarkable pictures by such artists
as Jalabert, Jourdan, Bouguereau, Schreyer, Delort, Plassan, Brillouin, Piot, Beranger,
Castres, Caille, Escosura, Baugniet, Grandchamps, Boulanger, Bakalowicz, Arnold,
Chavet, Fichel, Castan, Toulmouche, Pecrus, Herbsthoffer, Coomas, Comte-Calix, Seignac,
Antigua, Billotte, Baron, Van Schendel, Hamon, Lemmens, Robbe, Coutourier, Frere,
Kensett, Hart, Gray, Baker, Huntingdon, Elliott, Rossiter, Benson, Gifford, Casilear,
Richards, Boughton, Lambdin, Durand, Church,. &c. All these are of the highest order

72

The Monumental City,

of merit and have, many of them, a reputation that extends not only to all American art
collectors, but also to those of European capitals.
Among native artists who, by reason of the reputation universally accorded them,
deserve special notice may be mentioned the sculptor, William H. Rinehart. Mr. Rine-
hart was born in Carroll County, Maryland, and began life as a stone cutter. He soon
developed an extraordinary talent for sculpture, and through the kindness of friends was

MASONIC TEMPLE.
enabled to pursue his studies in Italy, "the cradle of the Muses." His early promise has
been more than realized. He has won for himself a proud place among living sculptors,
and as has been justly said, "the State owes him much for the reflected honor of his well
earned reputation." His works are numerous and many of them adorn the dwellings and
grounds of Baltimore's wealthy citizens. Among them may be mentioned the statue of

Its Past History and Present Eesources. 73
"Clytie," — regarded by the artist himself as his chef-d'oeuvre — which was purchased
recently by our public spirited townsman, Mr. John W. McCoy, and presented by him to
the Peabody Institute, where it is placed in an elegant and appropriate setting, and by the
terms of the gift is accessible to the public, at all times, without charge ; the statue of
Chief Justice Taney, lately unveiled in Annapolis, the capital of the State; the Woman of
Samaria, in possession of Mr. Wm. T. Walters; the Bronze Door to the Capitol at Wash
ington ; the Monumental Female Figure, in bronze, in Greenmount Cemetery; a beautiful
group of Sleeping Babes, in marble, in the same Cemetery ; " Christ — I am the Resurrec
tion and the Life" — with the Angel of the Resurrection, in Loudon Park Cemetery; and
a host of minor productions which display as well the fertility of his genius as his perfect
taste and marked merit.
An annual exhibition and sale of paintings in this City, begun in 1871 and continued
since that time, has brought to light a number of artists, evidencing that if Painting has
not reached its highest development, a talent for it has at least been very generally diffused
in our community. These exhibitions bear testimony both to the ability and versatility
of Baltimore artists. Among those who deserve mention for a creditable degree of talent
maybe cited Mrs. S. Sch wing, her "Marguerite" and "Hero and Leander" having re
ceived the commendations of the critics and press generally ; A. Quartley, whose Coast
Scenes are very much admired : A. J. H. Way, a very able and painstaking painter of
Still-Life Studies ; and H. Bolton Jones, some of whose Landscapes are an earnest what the
public may anticipate in the future.
The rare opportunities offered by the extension of the Peabody Institute and the
enlargement of its sphere of usefulness will make Baltimore, at no distant period, a very
desirable location for artists who are pursuing their studies, while the encouragement given
by one of the Clubs, the Allston, has also a most beneficial tendency.
Already the example set by Mr. McCoy has borne fruits. Mr. George S. Brown, a
prominent banker of Baltimore, presented to the Peabody recently two statues, Pocahontas
and Venus, possessing great merit, and the prospect is that before long the Institute will
be able to form an Art Gallery of no mean pretensions.
The Bar or Maryland has ever been renowned for the standing and ability of its
members. When Baltimore was but an overgrown village the adjacent counties of Anne
Arundel and Harford were known all over the country through the prominence of their
lawyers — in fact, the revolutionary struggle was barely at an end when Luther Martin,
towering over his fellows by his massive intellect and legal acumen, became the leader of
his profession in the young but vigorous Republic, and maintained this proud position
against all competitors, until disease prostrated those powers which had been the admira
tion of the thirteen colonies. In those early days the names of Dulany, Chase and Johnson
were household words in our Slate. They were as noted for their sterling integrity, as for
their standing at the Bar.
William Pinkney, whom Chief Justice Marshall styled the greatest of American lawyers
was a contemporary of Luther Martin. His great talents were publicly recognized by
his appointment as Minister to the Court of St. James, and his efforts subsequently in the
Senate of the United States made it matter of profound national regret that his taking off
in the flower of his life so abruptly terminated his services to his country.
During the professional career of Pinkney, Baltimore began to lose somewhat of its
provincial character, and with its growth came gradually the concentration in our city of
the legal talent of the State. William Wirt, a native of Maryland, but by adoption a
Virginian, sought here a wider field for the display of his wonderful genius as did also
Robert Goodloe Harper, and the encounters between these intellectual athletes have fur
nished rich material for the essayists and biographers of the present day.

74 The Monumental City,
But the line of distinguished lawyers did not stop with Pinkney and his contemporaries.
Their mantle fell upon the shoulders of such men as Chief Justice Taney, the great Chris
tian jurist, and John Nelson, the fiery Templar of modern jurisprudence; the one a
beautiful exemplar of that justice which the storms of passion, prejudice and unreasoning
malice were powerless to change, the other the advocate, whose eloquence like a torrent,
swept everything before it, and whose versatility of genius made him equally at home in
the Cabinet of the Nation or the Courts of Princes. Nor must the name of John V. L.
McMahon be omitted. His herculean efforts in behalf of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad
have forever linked his name with that corporation, while many of the gems which
adorned his popular speeches are unwittingly used at the present day to round a period or
give force to an otherwise pointless speech.
Reverdy Johnson, a native of the City of Annapolis, is to-day confessedly the leader
of the Baltimore Bar, and without a peer in the United States. His knowledge is profound,
his reason singularly analytic and his conclusions marked by a clearness and accuracy
which give to them the force of judicial decisions. The reputation of Mr. Johnson is not
circumscribed by national boundaries. He is well and favorably known in Europe as in
America. He has held in turn the offices of Cabinet Minister, United States Senator and
Minister Plenipotentiary and Envoy Extraordinary to Great Britain, and in each of these
capacities has demonstrated his right to the proud eminence he has attained as the great
expounder of constitutional law. Mr. Johnson to-day, at an advanced age, is as vigorous
in mind and body as when in the prime of life, and is justly revered by his fellow-citizens,
who feel themselves to a certain extent sharers in the honor he has reflected upon his
native State and the City of Baltimore.
We have simply spoken of those members of the Bar whom the world has known, and
each one of whom was princeps inter pares in his day and generation. There were many
others who added lustre to the galaxy named above, and who aided materially in building
up the reputation of the Baltimore Bar and giving to it that high tone which is at this
present writing its most cherished feature. That there is no likelihood of degeneration in the
future, might be shown by the number of gentlemen whose names are already well known
to the country. The Library of the Baltimore Bar is one of the largest and most carefully
selected in America, containing in addition to the reports from the different States in the
Union, reports of all the leading cases adjudicated in Great Britain and on the continent
of Europe.
The Law Department of the University of Maryland is furnished with an excellent
corps of Professors and its influence and efficiency are becoming more apparent every
year. The Science of Medicine has made decided advances in the last half century. A corps
of tireless workers have watched, noted and compared results in the squalid huts of
poverty and amid the poisoned air of the pest-house. With dauntless courage they have
stood between the pestilence and humanity and though not always victorious they have
faithfully used all the weapons which scientific research could furnish, and if nothing
more, like true sentinels have fallen in their armor and at their posts. Statistics have been
compiled from which reliable inferences can be drawn, and a hospital system perfected
that has gone far to alleviate the sufferings of the sick and has saved many lives which
would have been sacrificed heretofore by neglect or inexperience.
The Medical men of this State have not been behind their brethren elsewhere in their
contributions to the common cause. The names of Littlejohn, Brown, Mackenzie,
Donaldson and Buckler, are household words and their memories are revered by the
descendants of those whom they so well and truly served.
Appreciating the importance of united effort for the public good, as early as 1799, they
organized the " Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland," and by an act of incorpo
ration were made examiners of all who desired to "practice the healing art, thus showing

Its Past History and Present Eesouroes.

75

their recognition of the need of the highest intelligence and most careful preparation as
prerequisites for the successful physician. This Society is still in existence, and the sug
gestions thrown out at its semi-annual meetings through the medium of scientific discus
sions .and essays are of value to the profession.
The University of Maryland was incorporated in 1812. A handsome building was
erected and a full corps of Professors secured. Like similar institutions in this country, it
bad its early struggles, and not until 1827 were its advantages generally recognized by the
public Among many eminent men who have taught within its walls some have acquired
a world-wide reputation, as for instance Granville Sharpe Pattison and Robley Dunglison,
but to no one is the school more indebted for its standing than to Nathan Ryno Smith.
Professor Smith, son of the celebrated surgeon of that name at Yale College, was elected
to the Chair of Surgery in the Maryland University in 1827. Possessed of abilities which

first baptist church.
would have distinguished him in any path of life, it may be regarded as fortunate for the
world that he selected medicine as his profession. His acceptance of a chair in the
University infused new energy into the institution and the reputation which he soon
earned as one of the most daring and skillful Surgeons in the country, attracted students
from all parts of the South and West, and frequently from States lying North of Maryland.
Dr. Smith, combined with wonderful energy and great experience, unusual originality and
the world is indebted to him for the invention of instruments for lithotomy and fracture
by means of which much suffering has been prevented and many lives saved. For more
than forty years he has pursued his profe^ional career with unwearied steps and constantly
increasing usefulness. In 1867 he visited Europe and was the recipient of the most
flattering attentions from Physicians and Scientists of distinction. It rarely happens to
the lot of professional men to receive such honors while yet alive, but Dr. Smith, at a ripe

76 The Monumental City,
old age, has universally accorded to him the proud title, the Chief of American Surgeons.*
Although he has retired from the University his example and influence still stimulate his
younger brethren who are so successfully sustaining the reputation of the School.
The success of the Maryland University encouraged our enterprising physicians to
undertake an institution of similar character. In 1867, a favorable moment for the estab
lishment of a second Medical College, the Medical Department of Washington University
was reorganized in this city. The zeal and ability displayed by the Faculty in the incul
cation of "the mysteries of the healing art" have been rewarded with unusual success.
The reputation of the Institution has kept pace with their efforts, and is now national. The
course of instruction is thorough and comprehensive, embracing all the branches com
monly taught in such Colleges. Adjoining the School is a large Hospital, under the
exclusive control of the Faculty, where students may witness at the bed-side the practical
illustration of what is theoretically taught in the lecture-room.
Within a recent period another competitor in the race for professional honors has been
added to the list — the College of Physicians and Surgeons. Its Professors are young men
of high culture, who are determined by earnest work to make up for any advantage that
age may have given its rivals. Latterly, a number of diseases particularly belonging to
the domain of Surgery have been so developed by the discoveries of the Microscope,
Opthalmoscope, &c, that specialists have devoted themselves exclusively to their study
and treatment. In addition to the medical schools proper, these correlative institutions
have been established in our City, and are presided over by as distinguished and capable
Occulists and Aurists as can be found elsewhere.
Chemistry and Pharmacy are so nearly allied to Medicine that wherever the one
Department is found in healthy growth the advance of the other may be safely predicted-
The Maryland College of Pharmacy was established in 1841, under the presidency of the
veteran pharmaceutist, George W. Andrews. This institution has an excellent reputation.
Its diplomas are as valuable as those granted by any similar institution in the country.
It will thus be seen that in all that enters into the practical value, scientific resources
and efficient teaching of Medicine and its sister sciences, Baltimore offers superior
advantages. In one sense Dentistry is a modern science. That it was known and practiced in
ancient Egypt, is evident from the discoveries in the Pyramids ; and that a measure of
skill was attained, is apparent from the remnants of workmanship still preserved, but its
disappearance was as complete as the passing away of the Lost Arts, and in the eighteenth
century practical Dentistry had no existence. During that period public attention was
attracted to the subject, and a number of theoretical treatises were written by enthusiastic
physicians. It was not however until the early part of the present century, that the views
of its votaries assumed a practical direction sufficient to elevate it into a distinct science.
America had the honor of nursing it through its infant struggles, and Baltimore may with
propriety be called the birthplace of modern Dentistry
In 1826, the "Principles of Dental Surgery" appeared in London, a work written by
Leonard Koecker, a Baltimore physician. This was followed, in 1839, by the establish
ment in Baltimore of the " American Journal and Library of Dental Science," and in 1840
the "Baltimore College of Dental Surgery" was organized under a charter granted by the
Legislature of Maryland. Shortly afterwards the great standard work of Dr. Chapin A.
Harris, the " Principles and Practice of Dental Surgery," made its appearance. The
Baltimore College of Dental Surgery, in which Dr. Harris was for a number of years a
leading Professor, is not only the oldest, but if we may judge by results, one of the best in
the world. Seven hundred and nine students have been graduated by this institution
since its foundation. They are distributed pretty generally through the civilized por-
* Since writing the above, Professor N. R. Smith has been called to^he Presidency of the Medical Faculty
of the Maryland University, with the title of "Emeritus Professor of Surgery.''

Its Past History and Present Kesources.

77

tions of the globe, and wherever they have located the fame of their Alma Mater has
accompanied them. Every Dental College in this country contains in its faculty some
graduate of this institution, and a large majority of the Court Dentists of Europe acknow
ledge their obligations to the same source. The Museum of the College is, without doubt,
among the most complete in the United States, possessing a large and rare collection of
pathological specimens, while the course marked out for the students is very comprehen-

SHARP ST. M. E. CHURCH, (COLORED,) BETWEEN LOMBARD AND PRATT STREETS.
sive, embracing anatomy, physiology and chemistry, the lectures upon these subjects being
very full and minute.
Baltimore took the lead in this department of science from the first, and has steadily
maintained her position. The students matriculating in this city, are not confined to the
United States, but many come from the enlightened centres of Europe to avail themselves
of the advantages which Baltimore extends to those desirous of acquiring a knowledge of

78 The Monumental City,
Dentistry. The great advances made latterly in this science would seem to suggest the
propriety of pursuing a similar course with reference to other parts of the human body.
By separating the science of Medicine into distinct branches perhaps the same beneficial
results might ensue.
There is a Dental College organized here, (to be opened in the fall,) the faculty of which
embraces some of the most prominent and distinguished Practitioners of Dentistry in the
city. Club-life, an almost universal feature of London society, and extensively imitated in
some American cities, has received but little encouragement in Baltimore. This is due
possibly to the superior attractiveness of domestic life in our City. There is small need
for Clubs where cultivated and refined society, divested of artificiality, offers such tempting
inducements. Clubs have been organized here, however, and they will compare very
favorably with those in other places.
The Maryland Club, the oldest in the City, was founded by a number of the most cul
tivated gentlemen in the State for the purpose of keeping alive a civilization in some
respects peculiar, and which was endangered by the rude but vigorous strides of Young
America. It at present numbers among its members gentlemen from all portions of
Maryland, and the close communion thus established has resulted in the perpetuation of
that traditional hospitality of which every true Marylander is proud. Gentlemen from all
parts of the United States and from the centres of civilization in Europe have referred with
pleasure and somewhat of enthusiasm to the courtesies received from its members. —
The Allston Association is more ambitious. In addition to the amenities of social life it
designs to inspire a taste for the beautiful, and with this end in view a series of entertain
ments are given annually which combine the aesthetic with pleasurable features. It
differs from "The Maryland" also in the fact that ladies may become honorary members
of the Association, and a number of the most gifted in Baltimore have availed themselves
of this privilege.
The Baltimore Club, recently organized, is a worthy competitor of the above, and
already embraces within its membership many of the leading gentlemen in the City
Our citizens of foreign birth or ancestry, the Germans, L-ish, Scotch and English have
organized Clubs which, aside from their social characteristics, have been the means of
relieving much suffering and materially benefiting their brethren newly arrived upon our
shores. Baltimore has always been more remarkable for the social qualities of its people than
for any decided penchant on their part for public amusements. In the past, the full
development of the one has measurably done away with the necessity for the other. But
with the enlargement of trade and commerce and the consequent addition to the transient
population of the City the taste for popular entertainments has greatly increased. Ford's
Grand Opera House, at the corner of Fayette and Eutaw Streets, will compare favorably
with any similar place of amusement in the country. Its external finish is tasteful, while
the appointments of the interior are luxurious and elegant. The drawing-room or parlor
on the second floor is decorated by the genius of the best portrait and landscape painters in
Baltimore. The advantages of the auditorium are ample room, great height of ceilingi
and perfect optical and acoustic properties. The roomy stage, numerous modes of exit
and massive strength of the entire building, make it one of the pleasantest and safest
theatres to visit in the United States.
Mr. John T. Ford, to whose enterprise our City is indebted for this creditable Temple
of the Muses, has further exerted himself to offer to the public, entertainments, both
operatic and dramatic, the best to be had. HoUiday Street Theatre, the Old Drury of

Its Past History and Present Resources. 79
Baltimore, under the management of the same gentleman, is a cosy and pleasant retreat
where the citizen or the stranger within our gates, may be entertained for an evening by
the latest novelty in the dramatic line. Mr. Ford has shown himself to be a public-
spirited citizen, by the decided and progressive views he has entertained and oftentimes
enforced with reference to the government of the City, and by his bountiful charities
during periods of great public distress. His Theatres have been surrendered repeatedly to
the little ones in our midst, and the wonders of the Arabian Nights revealed to their
astonished and delighted gaze, thereby setting an example which has been followed
in some of the cities along the Atlantic seaboard with great benefit to the needy inno
cents. Front Street Theatre, under the management of its present proprietor, has catered with
commendable success to the public taste, offering what is known in dramatic parlance as
a variety entertainment, which justifies the name, and the ever-recurring novelties of
which, have won for Colonel Sinn no small reputation as a theatrical manager.
The above are the most prominent places of entertainment in our City. An Academy
of Music is now being erected on Howard Street, under the auspices of a stock company,
composed of our most eminent and influential citizens. The location is central and
admirably suited for the enterprise. It will be built under the direction of a committee
selected because of their peculiar fitness, and will doubtless prove a powerful auxiliary in
the future progress of Baltimore.
The Maryland State Agricultural and Mechanical Association was incorpo
rated in 1867. It was simply the revival of a Society which had existed for many years
prior to the civil war and which numbered among its members many of the first men in
Maryland. Appropriations were made both by the State and City, and the grounds at
Pimlico on the outskirts of the City were purchased for the use of the Association. Situ
ated in the heart of a beautiful country and accessible to the public through the railways
and delightful county roads, perhaps a better location could not have been selected in the
vicinity of Baltimore. The grounds were carefully laid out and proper buildings erected
for the convenience of exhibitors and the purposes of the Society. The Annual Exhibi
tions which take place usually in October, have steadily increased in popularity and
excellence, and have begotten a very decided improvement in husbandry throughout the
State. The leading farmers, and merchants, are thus brought together and the community
of intercourse established, produces a reciprocity of sentiment which cannot fail to be
advantageous to both classes of our citizens.
Marylanders from a very early date have evidenced a decided taste for out-of-doors
sports. The State was among the first to import the race horse from England, and fox
hunting, racing and field sports generally, were almost as familiar to those who became
distinguished in olden times as were the means whereby they raised themselves to emi
nence. For many years Maryland horses bore off their full share of honors from the
numerous contests which took place in different parts of the country and care was exercised
by the farmers and planters in rearing the best specimens of this noble animal.
For some unexplained reason, racing fell into disrepute, and at the close of the war no
organized Jockey Club existed in the State. Mr. Sanford, the winner of the Saratoga Cup
at the Saratoga race meeting in 1868, gave a dinner immediately thereafter to eight persons.
Among the invited guests was Governor Oden Bowie, of Maryland. The conversation
at table drifted to the establishment of races on a firm and reputable basis, to be presided
over by gentlemen and from which, fraud and rascality, so often in the past unpleasant
concomitants of the course, should be banished. It was proposed during the dinner that
each* of those present should subscribe $1,000 to make up a stake for the Fall of 1870. The

80 The Monumental City,
proposition was enthusiastically adopted and the subscriptions closed. In a subsequent
conversation as to where the race should take place, Governor Bowie assured the gentlemen
that if it was run at Baltimore he would pledge a club and a course. This was the origin
of the celebrated " Dinner Stakes" of 1870, and also of the Maryland Jockey Club which
already numbers among its members many of the most influential and distinguished gen
tlemen in the State, and which, though as yet in its infancy is favorably known through
the country.
An arrangement was effected with the Agricultural Society by which Pimlico was
secured and a charter was obtained from the Legislature for the organization. Stables
were built upon the grounds, the track, a mile in length, put in perfect order and a Grand
Stand constructed which for strength, amplitude and the expansiveness of view it affords,
is probably superior to any in the United States. The meetings of the Maryland Jockey
Club which have taken place annually since 1870, in the autumn, have been eminently
successful. The Course over which the races are run has steadily improved until at
present it will compare favorably with any race-track in the country, and the great influx
of strangers drawn hither during the annual meetings, tempted by the reputation of our
citizens for hospitality and the aesthetic features for which our city is remarkable, together
with the patronage extended by all classes of our own people have encouraged the Club
to greater exertions, and hereafter two race-meetings, in the spring and fall respectively,
will be held at Pimlico. The object contemplated in the organization of the Club, the
purification of the Turf and its freedom from debasing influences has been kept steadily in
view and the meetings are marked by the presence of the beauty, wealth and fashion of
Baltimore. If the history of each large city was traced it would be found that its progress had been
marked by the springing up of towns and villages within reach of its influence. That
these towns as soon as they had attained a sufficient degree of importance had been
absorbed by the parent city and the intermediate space filled up with a hardy and indus
trious population — that perhaps to these offshoots is due in great measure the health of
some cities and to their paucity the unwholesome atmosphere of others.
Villages or towns built at a distance are laid out with a latitude of which the costly
ground in cities proper will not admit. The land lying between the villages and cities is
comparatively speaking cheap, and persons are somewhat more careful of the aesthetic
features when laying it off into towns and townships, just as the farmer with time and
space will have an eye to the beautiful and picturesque, while his poorer neighbor is com
pelled to make every foot of ground minister to the wants of himself and family.
Some of the largest cities in America owe their present importance and much of their
beauty and healthfulness to these accessories. Boston, with its dozen satellites is a city of
much grander proportions than the simple town embraced within the corporate limits.
Philadelphia, with Germantown, Kensington, the Northern Liberties and Philadelphia
County, presents a more imposing array of inhabitants than would that same city divested
of these important adjuncts. Baltimore is encompassed by a number of these surburban
towns and villages which add greatly to the attractiveness and prosperity of the city.
Waverley, formerly known as Huntingdon, lies immediately outside of tlie city limits
to the north of Baltimore. It contains a population of about 5,000 inhabitants and is well
supplied with churches, public buildings and school houses. It is interesting as embracing
the former seats of some of our older families, together with "Friendship" originally
owned by the Quakers, " The Homestead " and Peabody Heights. The inhabitants are
largely operatives, but many engaged in business in the City, have established their homes
and have erected handsome dwellings within its limits. Two lines of horse-cars afford
easy and constant communication with the City, its incorporation with Baltimore is a
matter that cannot be much longer delayed.

Its Past History and Present Resources. 81
In these latter days when fact has usurped the place of fancy and nothing which does not
minister to the material advan cement of the community can secure a lodgment within its
limits, Mr. Horatio N. Gambrill, a gentleman of unsurpassed business capacity and
energy deserves at least a passing notice.
A more perfect representative of the practical side of the American character could
scarcely be instanced, and the town of Woodberry, on the very verge of our City, is likely
to prove an enduring monument to his sagacity and enterprise. In 1839, Mr. Gambrill
leased the property then known as the Old Whitehall Flouring Mill, and in company with
others, commenced the manufacture of Cotton Duck on a very limited scale. Trained from
early youth in a cotton factory, he brought to the undertaking a thorough knowledge of
his business, and his adventurous spirit cared little for the overgrown monopoly which had
its seat in Patterson, New Jersey. The enterprise prospered — the original factory was
enlarged and others erected until a thriving and beautiful town sprang into existence.
Woodberry has at present a population of from 5,000 to 6,000 inhabitants. Situated under
the shadow of Baltimore's handsomest ornament, Druid Hill Park, not the least attractive
portion of which, " Tempest Hill," was contributed by the town itself, Woodberry is one
of the most promising villages around the City of Baltimore. In addition to the cotton
duck factories, Pool & Hunt's mammoth machine shops are located here. The inhabitants
are mostly operatives and their families.
The town is noted for its high moral tone which has been fostered and encouraged by
those who have thus far controlled its destinies. No intoxicating drinks are allowed to be
sold within its precints, and it is abundantly supplied with churches and school houses.
Mount Washington is perhaps the most picturesque of the small towns which encom
pass Baltimore. It is located upon lofty hills about five miles from the City. Elevated
and healthy, with pure water and cultivated society, the village has of late years grown
very rapidly and its eminences are now studded with the residences of merchants and
business men from Baltimore. Both Woodberry and Mount Washington are situated on
the Northern Central Railroad, within a few minutes ride of the city, and the trains of
that railway and the Western Maryland are constantly passing backwards and forwards.
Brooklyn, southeast of Baltimore, and connected by a commodious bridge over the
middle branch of the Patapsco, was settled by the Patapsco Company in 1857. It is a
flourishing village, regularly laid out, healthily located, and increasing rapidly in popula
tion and importance. Brooklyn has been selected as the terminus of the Baltimore and
Drum Point Railroad, a work designed to penetrate the lower counties of the Western
Shore of the State. It has a land-locked harbor and a water front of one and a half miles
with a depth of water greater than can be found elsewhere in the vicinity of the City, and
as the trade and commerce of Baltimore expand, doubtless the development of Brooklyn
will be proportionate.
Towsontown, the county seat of Baltimore County, is situated on the York road, about
seven miles from the City. It is delightfully located near the most elevated point on the
road between Baltimore and York, and is being rapidly improved. It connects with our
City by means of a horse railway, and the completion of a steam railroad now in process
Of construction will bring the town within a few minutes ride of Baltimore.
Govanstown, located on the same road, about midway between Baltimore and Towson
town, is a flourishing village, and has of late increased longitudinally to such an extent as
to render it difficult to fix accurately its boundaries, in fact, the York road from Baltimore
to within a short distance of Towsontown is a continuous street, lined on either side with
houses. The adjacent lands are in many instances laid off in town lots, with broad
avenues and thoroughfares, awaiting only the touch of capital to turn them into thriving
towns and cities.
Pikesville, about seven miles from the City, on the Reisterstown road, is a beautiful
village, and notable as the location of the United States Arsenal, established prior to the

82

The Monumental City,

war of 1812. There are many other towns and villages in the immediate vicinity of Bal
timore in addition to those mentioned above, which are destined to great development in
the near future, and which will add vastly to the importance of the City.
The growing tendency on the part of merchants and business men to reside in the
country during the summer months, or to make their homes permanently in those towns
within easy communication of the City, has assisted wonderfully in the development of
the district contiguous to Baltimore, and it is estimated that the population of these towns
will aggregate at least fifty thousand at the present moment, with a ratio of increase
which leaves it matter of easy conjecture what the number of inhabitants will be in a
few years.
When the early settlers of Maryland founded the town of Baltimore they little supposed
it was destined to become one of the leading ports of entry on the Atlantic coast. Ita
inland position, almost at the head of navigation, seemed to be an effectual barrier against

foreign commerce, which it was thought would seek those cities lying more immediately
along the Atlantic. The location of Baltimore however conduced more perhaps than any
other cause to her advancement in this regard. In addition to the safe and commodious
harbor furnished to shipping, freight was brought that much nearer to the interior by water,
the cheapest mode of conveyance.
The introduction of steam as a motive power on water led to the construction of vessels
of much heavier draught than were used in the old merchant service, and our shippera
had to contend against a real bugbear in the shape of a defective channel. The channel
of the Patapsco was neither deep enough nor sufficiently wide for the safe passage of first-
class steamers when heavily laden. Fifteen years ago the attention both of our own
citizens and the national authorities was attracted to this difficulty and lukewarm and
desultory measures undertaken for its removal. From time to time small sums were
appropriated by Congress and the city, and an officer of engineers in the United States
Army was assigned to this post, for the purpose of deepening the channel. But little pro
gress was made in the work until 1871, when the advent of several lines of foreign steamers

Its Past History and Present Resources. 83
awakened both the community and the general Government to the paramount import
ance of securing to the rapidly increasing foreign trade of the city easy access.
The City appropriated $200,000 for the improvement of the harbor and the national
legislature $40,000 additional. Congress, in 1872, supplemented its appropriation with
another of $100,000, and at the session of 1873 voted an additional $200,000, which the
municipal authorities of Baltimore gracefully acknowledged by voting a similar amount
for the same purpose. Since 1871 the work upon the channel has progressed rapidly
under the direction of Colonel Craighill, of the United States Army. The money in hand
at present amounts to $450,000, a sum amply sufficient for the completion of the improve
ment. It is proposed to clear the channel to a depth of 24J feet at low tide, and to give it
an uniform width of 300 feet. It will be finished in 1874, and the harbor of Baltimore
will possess a channel equal in all respects to the best approaches to ports of entry in this
country, and will be accessible for the largest vessels employed in the merchant marine of
any nation on the globe.
Baltimore, like other cities, has had its periods of misrule, when anarchy usurped the
place of order, and the lowest, most disreputable elements of the community rose to the
surface, and for a time defied the honest efforts of law-abiding citizens. Such a state of
affairs undoubtedly existed during the years 1858, 1859 and 1860. The Roughs obtained
control of the City and inaugurated a reign of terror similar to that which at present
disgraces one of the largest cities in the country. This saturnalia of rowdyism was short
lived. Good citizens, irrespective of party, combined for the protection of society, and
during the winter of 1860 the State Legislature enacted the famous "Metropolitan Police
Bill." The Police Force was organized in accordance with its provisions on the 7th of
May of the same year. The features of the bill were simple. Its main characteristic was
the separation of the local government and that organization which must be manipulated
with impartiality to make it honest and efficient. Its workings were magical.
The transition from a state of rowdyism to perfect order was instantaneous. The Bowie-
knife and the Bludgeon were laid aside, and the law suffered to interpose its protecting
arms for the good of the community. The Roughs either abandoned their infamous mode
of living, or betook themselves to other cities.
From this period onward, with a brief interruption during the continuance of the civil
war, Baltimore has been emphatically an order loving' city. With little modification, and
that of a .serviceable nature, the Police System of 1860 is at present in operation, and our
City can challenge comparison with any other in the country for the security of the lives,
liberties and property of her citizens.
The perfect order preserved in every portion of this great metropolis is really a subject
for admiration, when taken in connection with the numerical force by which it is accom
plished, As at present constituted, the organization consists of three Commissioners, styled
the Board of Police, a Marshal, Deputy Marshal, 4 Captains, 8 Lieutenants, 43 Sergeants
and 489 men. The officers are appointed by the Commissioners, and are usually selected
from among the men for meritorious conduct. No man is placed upon the Force because
of his political opinions, or for any other reason than general efficiency ; nor are any dis
missed therefrom, save for misconduct, demonstrated' to the satisfaction of the Board.
While the duties of the police of Baltimore are more numerous and onerous than those of
the same'class in other cities, their numerical strength is much smaller than that of similar
organizations in any of the cities of America of approximate size or importance. We
have dwelt at some length upon the merits of our Police System, because they have been
freely recognized by all classes in the community regardless of political affiliation.
Baltimore was among the first cities in America to avail herself of the great improve
ments in the apparatus for subduing fires. In 1858, the old volunteer Fire Department,
6

84

The Monumental City,

with its hand engines and internal dissensions, was abolished and an organization formed
under the pay and control of the City. The new Department was furnished with
improved Steam Fire Engines, and it very soon demonstrated both the superiority of the
system and the utility of steam as a means of overcoming conflagrations Since that time
the Department has been strengthened and enlarged. Under the management of a Board
of Commissioners, selected from our most estimable citizens, and whose services are given
to the city gratuitously, it has become the most perfect organization in the country, a
subject of pride to Baltimoreans and of admiration to visitors from other cities.
The apparatus of the Department consists at this time often engines in service, and two
reserve engines, with the necessary hose-carriages, and three hook and ladder trucks. The
entire force numbers one hundred and sixty men. Since the institution of the Steam Fire
Department there have been but few fires of magnitude in our City. Indeed, Baltimore
has enjoyed an exemption from the ravages of this terrible scourge that cannot be altoge
ther attributed to the efficiency of the Fire Department, ably managed as it undoubtedly
is, and a further reason for which may be found in the construction of the city, the broad
streets and well-built houses.
As an exhibit both of the usefulness of the Department and the marked immunity of the
City from fires, we append the following table, giving the number of fires, losses, number
of Companies, and expenses of Departments in seven of the leading cities of the United
States, from November 1st, 1871, to October 31st, 1872 :

City.

No.
Fires

Loss.

No.
Companies.

Expense op
Department.

1,647 523 489 549213300 172

$2,725,000 1,275,000 973,000 704,000453,000
1,411,000 300,000

5227 26 382325 13

$1,000,000

250,000

328,000

331,000
281,000
180,000
145,672
Of course the losses by the great fire in Boston have been omitted in the above estimate.
It will be seen from this table that Baltimore, with a Department scarcely half the size of
the smallest of these cities, has suffered a loss by fire of $300,000, a sum less by $153,000
than that acknowledged by the most fortunate of those enumerated.
The Water-Supply has already become a question of paramount importance in large
cities. Those along the Atlantic coast are prone to pride themselves upon the efforts they
have made in this regard, and not without reason, though it may be doubted whether any
of the works established in modern times would compare in magnitude and completeness
with some of the magnificent structures of the ancients, the remains of which are still in
existence. The Croton Aqueduct in New York and the Fairmount Water- works in Phil
adelphia, are monuments of modern engineering skill, and constitute exceedingly attrac
tive features of the cities to which they respectively belong.
The attention of our citizens was directed many years ago to the necessity of securing
an abundant supply of Water, and in 1804 the old Water Company was established. This
corporation served its purpose for a number of years, but in 1854, the rapid development
of Baltimore made it evident that this source of supply could not much longer be relied
upon, accordingly the City bought out the Company, and in 1858 commenced the construc
tion of the works which now supply the inhabitants. An exquisitely beautiful artificial
lake, with a capacity of 500,000,000 gallons, known as Lake Roland, was formed at the
Relay House, the intersection of the Western Maryland and Northern Central Railroads;
Its Past History and Present Resources. 85
about eight miles from Baltimore. Hampden Resorvoir, a smaller basin constructed near
the village of Hampden, with a capacity of 50,000,000 gallons, and Mount Royal Reservoir,
on North Avenue, with a capacity of 30,000,000 gallons, both of the latter supplied by
means of an aqueduct from Lake Roland, were considered amply sufficient for the
requirements of the City for years to come. Subsequently Druid Lake, with a capacity
of 493,000,000 gallons was formed in Druid Hill Park, more with a view to ornamentation
and as a storage reservoir, than with any actual expectation that the increasing needs of the
City would require its services during the lives of its projectors.
Twenty years had scarcely elapsed after the commencement of these works ere the City
Fathers were admonished, by the rapid increase in population and the equally speedy
multiplication of industries requiring the free use of water, that the demand would soon
exceed the supply, and a plan is now matured by which an unlimited quantity of this
indispensable element will be brought into the City from the Gunpowder River, a stream
of fresh and pure water, which passes through the centre of Baltimore County, and
empties into the Chesapeake Bay. This great undertaking cannot be completed for at least
three years, and in the meantime a temporary method has been devised by which the
immediate wants of the City will be abundantly supplied. When finished, the Gunpow
der Water-works will exceed any similar enterprize in this country, and perhaps in
Europe. A conduit through which may be passed 170,000,000 gallons of water daily,
will convey the supply from the Gunpowder to the City, a distance of about eight miles.
The elevation of the water above tide will be 163 feet, sufficient for present necessities or
for any likely to occur in the future of our City
It has been said with truth that its Parks and Squares are the lungs of a city. Balti
more is bountifully provided with these adjuncts to healthfulness. Druid Hill Park, in
the northwestern portion of the City, contains seven hundred acres of land, and for varied
natural scenery is perhaps unequalled in this country.
For more than a century and a half prior to its purchase by the city, the Park was the
homestead of a Maryland family. Some older member of the house had displayed exqui
site taste in the preparation of the grounds, and succeeding generations had the good sense
to perpetuate his ideas with simply a touch here and there to heal the blows of time and
preserve the design in its original purity.
During the year 1860 the City obtained possession of Druid Hill, at a cost of $500,000,
and since then it has been enlarged by purchases of contiguous tracts of land. Its man
agement as a Park has been characterized by wisdom and enlightened policy. Immedi
ately after its acquisition by the City it was placed under the government of a Commission
consisting of a number of gentlemen of intelligence and high standing in the community,
selected because of their peculiar fitness for the undertakiug. This Commission, with
enlarged powers, has been continued to the present time. The main effort appears to
have been to preserve, as far as possible, the natural beauties of Druid Hill, and only to
interpose art when needed by the poverty of the landscape or the wants of the City. In
this the Commission has been eminently successful.
A* broad expanse of land is spread out before the spectator, rolling in great waves of
verdure, forming at some points gentle undulations intertwined with pretty little glens,
and at others rising in terraces, one above another, until lofty hills disclose the City, the
river, the bay, and the territory of Maryland as far as the eye can reach. Majestic
primeval forest trees, hickory, oak, chesnut, and walnut, of immense size, are succeeded by
impenetrable thickets where the greenbrier and the laurel strive for the mastery. Spread
ing groves invite the citizen, weary and worn with the turmoil of busy life, and joyous
fountains gush forth at his feet to moisten the parched lips or cool the heated brow.
Pleasure boats play over the silvery bosom of the lake, and swan move gracefully through
the waters of the numerous natural basins which intersperse the grounds, while fallow
deer in groups roam through the woods and groves. Beautiful drives traverse the Park.

*&?mm$m

The Monumental City, Its Past History, Etc. 87
in every direction, many of them adorned with antique vases filled with flowers and
covered with creeping vines, and rustic retreats are so judiciously distributed as often to
beguile the visitor with their perfect semblance to nature.
Nor has the Commission been unmindful of the convenience of those whose modest
means forbid the use of showy equipages. Walks, with the truest regard to taste,
have been arranged through the grounds, and the valetudinarian, when once the Park is
reached, may fairly revel in the ever changing pictures and invigorating atmosphere he is
permitted to enjoy through the foresight of the City's former guardians.
Druid Hill is at present the most beautiful Park in America, and with the ample revenue
derived from the tax on City Passenger Railways, it is impossible to fix any limit to its
improvement in the future. The influence of the Park upon adjacent property has been
wonderful. Its value has been greatly enhanced, streets have been opened, avenues created,
long lines of elegant and costly residences have been built, and the time is probably not

EDMOND'S WELL— DRUID HILL PARK.
remote, when the Park will form a centre around which will cluster the fashion and
wealth of the City of Baltimore.
Seventeen acres have been set apart within the enclosure for the erection of a Botanical
Garden. A Conservatory 300 feet long and 30 feet high is about to be erected, and a Nursery
established for the purpose of supplying the other Parks and Public Squares with trees.
The Botanical Gardens will be enlarged to forty acres as soon as circumstances will permit,
and a Zoological Department added, which will contribute much to the attractiveness of
this truly beautiful spot. The project was originated by the Maryland Academy of
Sciences, but will be under the supervision and control of the Park Commission.
Patterson Park, in the eastern section of the City, contains 76 acres of land. Already
it has been handsomely adorned, and the contemplated improvements will make it a
delightful place of resort for the citizens of this portion of our City. From any part of
the grounds a magnificent view can be obtained of the harbor and Chesapeake Bay, and
the neighboring counties of Baltimore and Anne Arundel.

88 The Monumental City,
In addition to the Parks, Baltimore has a number of Public Squares judiciously
distributed in different portions of the City. In the western section are Union Square,
Franklin Square and Harlem Square ; in the north-west, La Fayette Square ; in the cen
tre, Monument Square and the City Spring ; in the north-east, Madison Square ; in the
east, Jackson Square, and the eastern City Spring, and in the south, Battery Square. With
the exception of Monument Square, they are all sodded down with turf and beautifully
decorated with shade trees, forming reservoirs of health for the citizens enervated by the
fierce heat of summer and unable to betake themselves to the fashionable places of resort.
It is proposed to establish another Park in the southern section of the City, with Battery
Square as a nucleus. This Square is located in the immediate vicinity of the middle
branch of the Patapsco, and when its limits are extended so as to embrace the intervening
property, it will become, because of its water view, one of the most attractive spots in the
City.

FOREST TREES— DRUID HILL PARK.
From the Parks of Baltimore to her Cemeteries is a natural transition. Tender love
for the memory of the dead is a distinctive feature of some nationalities. With the French
it is a passion. Poets, Warriors, Statesmen and PhilCsophers, severed in liie, are all brought
together within the narrow confines of Pere La Chaise. The tomb of Abelard and
Eloise blooms perennially with fresh flowers, while the immortelles never die on the graves
of such men as Ney, Moliere, and a host of others.
Though Americans do not exhibit the intense pathos displayed by the French, Mount
Auburn, Greenwood, Laurel Hill, Greenmount and Bona Ventura, all Cemeteries on the
Atlantic coast bear ample testimony to the care displayed by the American people for the
repose of their dead. Greenmount Cemetery, formerly the country seat of a citizen, is
situated on the York road, just within the City limits. It contains about sixty acres of

Its Past History and Present Resources. 89
land, handsomely embellished. Its natural beauty is very great. The land is rolling in
character and very thickly studded with shade trees and evergreens. The hand of the
landscape gardener has added much to its attractions. It is intersected by graceful avenues
and promenades, and many of the memorials to the departed, so beautifully distributed
within the enclosure, evidence taste and a high order of merit in the artist, among which
may be mentioned the bronze statue of a female, sprinkling flowers upon a tomb, and
several other pieces of statuary by Rineharl, a native of the State.
At an elevated point in Greenmount a monument has been erected by the City of Bal
timore, to the memory of John McDonogh. A massive granite base supports a marble
pedestal which is surmounted by a statue of the great philanthropist.
This city of the dead is often visited by our citizens, both because of its exquisite beauty
and the tender associations which cluster about its "quiet places," and the flowers and

SILVER LAKE— DRUID HILL PARK.

freshly planted evergreens upon many of the mounds are an assurance that those who are
gone are not so soon forgotten. In addition to the above, there are a number of Cemeteries
in and around our City, some extending over a greater area than Greenmount, and several
highly ornamented and possessing considerable natural attractiveness.

Upon opening this volume the reader will find a very comprehensive Map of Baltimore
and its environs. The present boundaries of the city are clearly indicated, as also those
portions lying beyond the corporate limits, together with the straggling villages located
within one and a half miles of the City proper. By reference to the Map it will be seen
that much of what should constitute the City of Baltimore lies in the county. The City
itself covers an area of but 10,000 acres. The boundaries established in 1816 by legislative
enactment have never been changed. Efforts, oft repeated, have been made by our citizens
but for reasons presently stated the enlargement of the City limits has been deferred until

90 The Monumental City,
hope has well nigh sickened and died. The census of 1870 places the population of
the City proper at 267,354. The unfairness of this estimate, not to characterize it
by a harsher term, is glaring to every resident of Baltimore, and its palpable absurdity
would provoke a smile were it not so serious in its consequences to the welfare of our
City and State. A subsequent enumeration under the direction of the City government,
hurried in its character, and hence liable to many errors against the City, made the popu
lation of Baltimore 283,375. We must not be understood as accepting either of these sets
of figures as a correct exhibit of our numerical strength ; on the contrary a census taken
by a thoroughly reliable citizen of Baltimore, and taken under circumstances from which
accuracy may be reasonably inferred, has placed the population far beyond either of
these enumerations. But assuming 283,375, the number ascertained by the muni
cipal authorities, as the population of Baltimore in 1870, that portion of the City
which lies outside of the corporate limits, and which probably will soon be brought
under the control of the corporation, would have swelled the number of inhabitants to
350,000, and would have made Baltimore in this respect the fourth city in the United States.
That the extension of the City limits cannot be much longer delayed is apparent to the
opponents as well as to the friends of the measure. Baltimore County has heretofore
claimed, and with some show of reason, that by wresting from her this large and valuable
slice of her domain, the City will so diminish the basis of taxation as to embarrass the
county government. The City on the other hand desires room for expansion, and the
people who live on the debateable ground are crying out for the protection and benefits
that will accrue to them from annexation. The requirements of our rapidly increasing
population and the advantages which the middle and poorer classes, residing on the out
skirts of Baltimore, will reap from the enlargement of her boundaries, constant supplies of
gas, water and the like, with the security afforded by a well regulated police force, must
in a brief space override any minor considerations.
The people of the county feel that the blow is inevitable, and already many are favoring
the annexation of Baltimore County in its entirety in imitation of the example set by
Philadelphia and New York, while others are beginning to realize that the decrease in the
revenues of the county would be temporary, as the prosperity of Baltimore must eventually
inure to the advantage of the territory which surrounds her.
The enlargement of the City limits once determined, the aegis of the municipal govern
ment extended over this region would produce that feeling of security which is certainly
lacking now, and which would lead mechanics and operatives to lease lots and erect for
their families houses where their close proximity to the agricultural districts would insure
the very cheapest rates of living. The intermediate spaces between Baltimore and the
towns within the circle of expansion would rapidly fill up with a thrifty population, while
satellites would multiply about the parent city.
This has been the experience of all great cities in the past, and, when similar influences
are working with ten-fold force in our midst, can we doubt that the analogy will be com
plete? In concluding an article which has for its object the exposition of the resources of Balti
more, it may be well to summarize the forces that have ministered to her importance.
The great natural necessities in these days of steam-power are iron and fuel ; iron to be
worked into the multitudinous forms of which it is susceptible, and which the ingenuity
of man has discovered, and fuel to supply the motive-power for its manipulation. Wood
in this country, where it was supposed it would be abundant for many generations, is
actually becoming a scarce commodity before one hundred years of the national life have
transpired, and in some places the system, so long in vogue in Great Britain and on the
continent of Europe, the plan of setting out groves of trees as a farmer would a crop of
corn, has already been adopted.

Its Past History and Present Resources. 91
A substitute, under the circumstances, becomes a matter of the first importance, and
Wherever this can be found, trade and commerce will necessarily gravitate towards that
point rather than to a locality unfortunately bereft of this wonderful auxiliary in the
the march of Progress.
Baltimore is absolutely independent of her sister cities in these respects. The bituminous
coal beds of Alleghany, West Virginia and portions of Pennsylvania have been barely
opened ; in fact, several of those in the vicinity of Cumberland have never been tapped,
and, though it is known that the supply is vast beyond computation, its real richness is
as yet only conjectural.
The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, a mammoth corporation, and the Chesapeake and
Ohio Canal, almost equally extensive in its operations, with their combined strength have
been utterly unable to develop these beds of wealth beyond the threshold, and two more
railroads are now projected for the purpose of bringing the coals to our city. In addition,
the various species of this mineral, such as gas, cannel and anthracite coal, are supplied
by the numerous roads leading to Baltimore, in unlimited quantities. Iron is so plenti
fully imbedded in the soil of Maryland as almost to constitute the State a great bed of this
ore. In Alleghany, Anne Arundel, Baltimore, Cecil, Frederick, Garrett, Harford, How
ard, Prince George's, Queen Anne's, Washington and Worcester Counties the beds of ore,
inexhaustible and of the finest description, are being worked with profit to their owners
and to the rapid advancement of our City, into whose lap the most of this metal is poured.
Besides the coal and iron of Alleghany, lime stone, sand stone, hydraulic cement, and
wonderful water-powers abound, and the city of Cumberland, the county seat, is rapidly
becoming the centre of a very important trade, the enterprise of her citizens expediting
this result and exhibiting an example that might be followed with a happy issue by others.
Anne Arundel County, in addition to the supply of iron ore, possesses a wide stretch
of fertile territory where tobacco and grain are grown in large quantities, and truck-
gaTdens are located sufficient in themselves to supply the demand in Baltimore for fresh
and wholesome vegetables. Annapolis, the county seat, and capital of the State, is one
¦of the oldest cities in America, and notable as being the place where the illustrious
Washington resigned his sword after the completion of his labors in the War of Indepen
dence, and as still possessing the building (State House) in which the deed was done, and
where Congress met immediately after the same war. This city is remarkable also as
having produced a number of the most distinguished lawyers that have ever graced the
Bar in this country.
Baltimore County, in addition to her great beds of iron ore, has fine water-powers, and
is noted for her extensive milling operations, carpet, cotton and woollen factories, furnaces,
foundries, paper and flouring mills. The finest and strongest cotton-duck and flour equal
to any manufactured in the world are made here. This county contains also valuable
copper mines and chrome ore, a large proportion of the latter article used in the State
being obtained from Baltimore County. Exhaustless quarries of marble, lime stone and
building stone are found here, from the latter of which gneiss and granite are taken in
large quantities.
Calvert County produces the best tobacco grown in the State, as well as boundless
supplies offish, oysters and wild fowl, and tripoli is found in many localities.
Caroline County, on the Eastern Shore of Maryland, is celebrated for its fine peaches
and fruits of all descriptions, and this remark will apply with equal force "to Dorchester,
Kent, Queen Anne's, Somerset, Talbot, Wicomico and Worcester, all located on the same
side of the Chesapeake. Their mild climate, rich soil and proximity to the Bay and
Ocean enable them to produce the earliest and most superior fruits and vegetables, which
are sent in large quantities to the Northern cities, where they find a ready sale at fancy
prices. Large supplies of shell-marl, green sand and marl are found in this section, the
latter furnishing an excellent manure, by means of which the strength of the land can be
regularly renewed.

92 The Monumental City,
Carroll County possesses first-class water-powers, cotton and woollen factories, mer
chant and paper mills, also a great number of tanneries, copper mines and extensive
quarries of granite, marble, lime stone, soap stone and slate.
Cecil County has quarries of granite and soap stone, the most valuable chrome mines in
the world, clay for fire-bricks, fine water-powers, great shad and herring fisheries, kaolin
or porcelain clay, and a tremendous trade at Port Deposit, on the Susquehanna river, in
lumber and logs.
Frederick County has an abundance of water-power, a large number of mills, tanneries
and various domestic manufactures, quarries of lime stone and slate, copper mines, a
species of ston^ similar to Italian marble, and a quarry resembling verde-antique, together
with marble of variegated colors, the light and dark red prevailing. Frederick City, the
county seat, is a large and thriving town, with an intelligent and energetic population.
Harford County contains extensive water-power, furnaces, factories, foundries, flour
mills, quarries of building stone, gneiss or granite, iron ore and valuable chrome beds,
quarries of slate and kaolin or porcelain clay.
Howard County has factories, mills, furnaces, quarries of lime stone, also a stone that
resembles very much Quincy granite, and Porphyritic granite.
Montgomery County possesses quarries of sand stone and marble, excellent roofing slate,
other building stone, also chrome ore and fine water-powers.
Prince George's County, in addition to iron ore, sulphuret of iron, bole, tripoli and large
shad and herring fisheries, produces the largest quantity of tobacco grown by any single
county in the United States, and contains large cotton factories.
Saint Mary's County is the oldest in the State, and the first government of the Province
had its seat there for many years. Marl is abundant and tobacco the principal crop.
Washington County produces lime stone, slate of a very superior quality, emery or
corundum, and is a great grain growing section of the State, containing extensive flour
ing mills. Hagerstown, the county seat, is a prosperous and growing city. *
Of course the resources of the counties would advance but little the interests of Balti
more City were there not convenient methods of reaching them. Let us see what they
are. Through Baltimore County the lines of four extensive railroad corporations already
pass at such favorable distances that nearly all the wealth to which we have just alluded
may be poured into our City in quantities to suit the demand of the market. Shorter lines
of railroad stretch their arms into the richest portions of her territory in all directions,
while county roads of the first excellence offer the strongest inducements to producers.
Another very useful railroad, the Maryland Central, is about to be put under contract.
It will pass through the most fertile sections of Baltimore and Harford Counties, fixing its
terminus at the Pennsylvania line. The northwestern tier of counties, Montgomery,
Frederick, Washington and Alleghany are pierced in all directions by the Baltimore and
Ohio Railroad and its branches, and bounded on the south by the Chesapeake and Ohio
Canal, while Carroll, Frederick and Washington Counties are almost bisected by the West
ern Maryland Railroad. Harford and Cecil are crossed by the Philadelphia, Wilmington
and Baltimore Railroad, and the latter is intersected at various points by the Philadelphia
and Baltimore Central Railroad, and the Columbia and Port Deposit Railroad.
The Baltimore and Ohio, and its branches, pass through Howard County in several
places. This County is also tapped by a number of short lines.
The lower tier of counties on the Western Shore consisting of Prince George's, Anne
Arundel, Calvert, Charles and St. Mary's, much the larger portions of which have been
heretofore without railroad communication with Baltimore, are about to be abundantly
supplied. Already the Baltimore and Ohio through its branches strikes Anne Arundel
and Prince George's, and brings the former into easy communication with our City by
•Note. — The author desires to express his obligations for facts relating to the Counties to a volume entitled
"The Atlas of Maryland, District of Columbia, and the United States,'* by S. J. Martenet( H. F. Walling and
0. W. Gray. G. W. H.

Its Past History and Present Resources. 93
means of the Annapolis and Elkridge Railroad, while the Baltimore and Potomac Rail
road passes directly through Anne Arundel, Prince George's and Charles to the Potomac
River. The Drum Point Railroad, at present under contract, bisects Anne Arundel and
Calvert through their entire length and strikes the Patuxent at its mouth. The Washing
ton jOity and Point Lookout Railroad, which is also under contract, will run from
Washington City down through Prince George's, Charles and St. Mary's to Point Lookout,
the extreme southern end of the Peninsula and intersecting the Baltimore and Potomac
at a point in Prince George's, will bring the produce of these counties directly to Balti
more. Already the Baltimore and Potomac Railroad connects with the great Union Rail
road, a road incorporated to unite all the lines of Railway running into Baltimore, and
arrangements are now being perfected by which the Drum Point Railroad will leave its
terminus at Brooklyn, on the Patapsco, and passing round the City, will enter the same
road at the tunnel.
It must also be borne in mind that these lower counties are intersected in all directions
by navigable rivers and streams which furnish by far the cheapest mode of transportation.
We have reserved the Eastern Shore Counties until the last. They have never hereto
fore had railroad communication with our City save by long and circuitous routes which
were practically, barriers to commercial intercourse, and the Bay and its tributaries have
been relied upon as a means for securing the produce of that wealthy section of Maryland.
Much of the valuable traffic which should have found its way to Baltimore, the great
metropolis of the State, was on this account diverted to Philadelphia by the extensive
railroad connections with that city through Delaware. The surface of the land on the East
ern Shore is admirably adapted to railroad construction, and unusual energy has been dis
played in the location of those wonderful adjuncts to civilization. Besides the great facili
ties they possess for water communication, each county can boast its railroad, all of which
connect with the Delaware Railroad, which meets the Philadelphia, Wilmington and Bal
timore Railroad, 71 miles from Baltimore and 28 miles from Philadelphia, thus naturally
urging trade to the latter city.
All this is about to be changed and by a means so simple as to cause amazement that
the project has never been seriously entertained before. The Baltimore, Chesapeake and
Delaware Bay Railroad Company has been organized and the money necessary for the
construction of the road subscribed. It is to be built from Love Point, the northern
extremity of Kent Island, on the Chesapeake Bay, (18 miles from Baltimore) immediately
across the Eastern Shore, through the counties of Queen Anne's and Caroline, to Harrington
in Delaware, a distance of 40 miles, where it connects with the Delaware and the Junction
and Breakwater Railroads. The connection with the latter road unites by an air- line the
Chesapeake and Delaware Bays. The results to Baltimore will be, first, communication
with New York by the cheapest and pleasantest route yet projected, the Company having
contracted with the Lorillard Steamship Company to take freight and passengers from
the Delaware Breakwater to New York immediately upon the arrival of the train, while
several Baltimore corporations are at present striving to secure the contract for their con
veyance between Baltimore and the railroad depot at Love Point on the Eastern Shore of
the Chesapeake. This will constitute during much the larger portion of the year the most
agreeable line of travel between Baltimore and New York, and by all odds the cheapest
route for freight at all seasons. There will be but one change on the line, as the cars will
be carried across the Chesapeake on very heavy steamers. But this is the least of the
advantages likely to accrue to Baltimore from the building of this railroad. It will run
within a stone's throw of Queenstown, the western terminus of the Queen Anne's and
Kent Railroad, with which, of course, connection will be made and which intersects the
Kent County Railroad at Massey's Junction. It will intersect the Maryland and Dela
ware Railroad at Hillsborough, and thus the productions of Kent, Queen Anne's, Talbot
and Caroline, will be immediately diverted to Baltimore. At Harrington, it will tap the

'94 The Monumental City, Its Past History, Etc.
Delaware Railroad, the real main- stem of all the railroads south of that point, and thus
the productions of Dorchester County, through the Dorchester and Delaware Railroad;
of Wicomico, through the Delaware and the Wicomico and Pocomoke Railroads ; of
Worcester through the latter and the Worcester Railroad, and of Somerset through the
Eastern Shore Railroad, will all be poured into Baltimore, while much of the produce of
Delaware will follow the same channel ; trade always chosing for itself the most natural
and expeditious routes. It will thus be seen that through this little railroad only forty
miles in length, and which will be constructed at comparatively insignificant cost, all the
trade of the purely Eastern Shore Counties, and much of the State of Delaware, will be
attracted to our City, the route to Baltimore being shorter by one half than that which now
draws a large portion of this trade to Philadelphia.
It is proposed to construct another line of railroad between this City and New York.
The New Jersey Southern Railroad, which has recently changed hands it is said, proposes
to build a road across the Delaware River, somewhere in the neighborhood of Fort Penn,
which will strike the Delaware Railroad at Townsend, and from thence using the Town-
send Branch Railroad, and the Kent County Railroad, will reach a point on the Chesapeake
Bay near Rock Hall. Here passengers and freight will be shipped direct to Baltimore in
steamers constructed for the purpose.
If carried out, this route will prove as effectual in diverting to Baltimore the trade of the
Eastern Shore and Delaware as the road mentioned above.
The City by its admirable location, situated in the very heart of the country, at the
head of a bay which is superior to the ocean because of the protection it affords to ship
ping, gives access to a broad reach of territory on either side, from which stores can be
drained by water communication, and the receipts of our foreign and domestic commerce
distributed at the smallest possible cost to producers.
The great grain fields of the far West are made tributary to her through gigantic lines
of railway ; the Valley of Virginia, teeming with cereals, mineral wealth and forests of
inestimable value, through the same source pours into the City its varied productions; the
South, with its inexhaustible resources, lumber, cotton, rice, tar, pitch, turpentine, rosin
and tobacco is linked with her by splendid lines of steamers; competing railroad corpora
tions are already struggling for the mastery in their efforts to empty into her lap the
riches of the Central West, and the great Mississippi Valley ; her enterprising merchants,
business men and railroad companies have established, in connection with foreign corpo
rations, magnificent lines of steamers which connect the City with the prominent ports of
Europe, and the cheapness of these modes of communication are being practically demon
strated to the satisfaction of the South and West; her inner attractions, her beautiful
parks, public squares, refined society, handsome and well ventilated thoroughfares, the
high moral tone of her citizens, healthfulness, cheapness of living within her limits, her
institutions, and the hospitality which has distinguished her in every period of her history,
her iron works, cotton factories, sugar refineries, machine shops, glass works, flour mills,
and her other great and important interests, have all been elaborated with care in the
progress of this volume.
To predicate the future of Baltimore, with such a combination of resources as a basis,
requires neither the use of isothermal lines, nor analytic deduction extending through
long cycles of ages. Theories may be true and useful, but facts are stubborn and indis
putable. The future of Baltimore depends upon but one hypothesis. The elements of
her present and prospective greatness stare us in the face and need only utilization by a
proportionate amount of energy on the part of our people to realize a prosperity scarcely
exampled in the history of the world.

THE BUSINESS INTERESTS OF BALTIMORE.

UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND
SCHOOL OF MEDICINE.
Hon. SEVERN TEACKLE WALLIS, LL. D„ Provost.

FACULTY

NATHAN R, SMITH, M. D.
Emeritus Professor of Surgery and President
of the Faculty.
WILLIAM E. A. AIKIN, M. D., LL. D.
Professor of Chemistry and Pharmacy.
GEORGE W. MILTENBERGER, M. D.
Professor of Obstetrics.
RICHARD McSHERRY, M. D.
Prof, of Principles and Practice of Medicine.
CHRISTOPHER JOHNSTON, M. D.
Professor of Surgery.
FRANK DONALDSON, M. D.
Professor of Physiology and Hygiene, and
Clinical Professor of Diseases of the
Throat, Lungs and Heart.

SAMUEL C. CHEW, M. D.
Professor of Materia Medica and Therapeu
tics, and Clinical Medicine.
WILLIAM T. HOWARD, M. D.
Professor of Diseases of Women and Children
and Clinical Medicine.
JULIAN J. CHISOLM, M. D.
Professor of the Diseases of the Eye and Ear.
FRANCIS T. MIXES, M. D.
Professor of Anatomy, and Clinical Profes
sor of Diseases of the Nervous System.
ALAN P. SMITH, M. D.
Professor of Operative Surgery.
L. McLANE TIFFANY, M. D.
Demonstrator of Anatomy.

The regular course of Lectures commences on the 1st of October, and, terminates on the last day of February.
For further information apply to any member of the Faculty for an annual Circular.
Note. — See pages 74, 75 and 76 for further information in regard to the University of Maryland.

96

The Monumental City,

THE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY.
SCHOOLOF MEDICINE.
BALTIMOEE, MD.
ANNOUNCEMENT.
The Winter Session begins on the 1st of October, and terminates on the 22d of February
™?t£!P^ ,™1)e6ill! on the 2d Monday in March, and continues four months.
w i 7 '*aJ-™ ™E •' &c-— Ful1 course of Lectures, including Dissection and Hospital
iickets, $65.00. Matriculation Fee (paid but once), $5.00. Graduation Fee, $20.00. All
lees, except the graduation, must be paid at the beginning of the session.

JOSEPH E. CLAGETT, M. D,
Professor of Obstetrics.
JOHN F. MONMONIER, M. D.,
Professor of Physiology.
MARTIN P. SCOTT, M. D.,
Professor of the Diseases of Women.
CHAS. W. CHANCELLOR, M. D.,
Professor of Surgery.

JAS. E. LINDSAY, M. D.,
Professor of Chemistry.
A. B. ARNOLD, M. D.,
Professor of Practice of Medicine.
J. S. CONRAD, M. D,
Professor of Materia Medica.
H. B. TRIST, M. D.,
Professor of Anatomy.

For further information or circulars, address,
Prof. CHAS. W. CHANCELLOR, M. D.,
 DEAN OF THE FACULTY

INSTITUTION FOR THE EDUCATION OF THE DEAF AND DUMB
(Wm. F. Wnin, Archt.)
FREDERICK CITY, MD.

Architect,
Cob. Charles and Lexington Sts., Baltimore.

Its Past History and Present Eesouroes. 97
BALTIMORE

No. 2 NORTH GREENE STREET.

The Baltimore College of Dental Surgery, the oldest Dental College in the world, was
incorporated by an act of the Legislature of the State of Maryland in the year 1839.
Six hundred and sixty-four students have had conferred upon them the degree of
"Doctor of Dental Surgery" by this institution since its organization, and its diploma is
recognized in all civilized countries as a testimonial of proficiency in the science of Den
tistry. The majority of the eminent practitioners of Dentistry in Europe are graduates of this
College, and there are but few Dental Colleges in this country in whose Faculties are not
found graduate of the Baltimore College.

f

ACULTY,

PHILIP H. AUSTEN, A. M., M. D., D. D. S. .
Professor of Dental Science and Mechanism,
FERDINAND J. S. GORGAS, A. M., M. D., D. D. S.
Professor of Dental Surgery and Therapeutics.
HENRY REGINAL NOEL, M. D.
Professor of Physiology and Pathology.
E. LLOYD HOWARD, A. M., M. D.
Professor of Anatomy.
M. J. DeROSSET, A. M., M. D.
Professor of Chemistry and Materia Medica.
JAMES H. HARRIS, M. D., D. D. S.
Professor of Clinical Dentistry.
WILLIAM FARMER, M. D., D. D. S.
Demonstrator of Operative Dentistry.
B. M. WILKERSON, M. D., D. D. S.
Demonstrator of Mechanical Dentistry.
THOMAS S. LATIMER, M. D.
Demonstrator of Anatomy.
The regular sessions commence in October of each year, and continue until March.
For further information address,
F. J. S. GORGAS, M. D., D. D. S.
DEAN OF THE FACULTY,
259 N. EUTAW STREET, BALTIMORE, MD.
Note.— See pages 76, 77 and 78 for further information in regard to Dentistry.

98 The Monumental City,
BALTIMORE EYE AND EAR INSTITUTE,
55 FEANKLIN STEEET,
B A LTI MOR E.

JULIAN J. CHISOLM, M. D.
Professor of Eye and Ear Diseases in the University of Maryland,
SURGEON IN CHARGE.

One of the largest and finest Residences in the City of Baltimore has been purchased,
and fitted up with every convenience as a "Home" for persons suffering from Eye and
Ear Diseases who come to Baltimore for Surgical treatment. The Surgeon in Charge
resides in the Institution, so that he can visit his Patients frequently, and at all
hours. For further information apply to
JULIAN J. OHISOLM, M.D.,
55 Franklin Street,
BALTIMORE.
MARYLAND EYE AND EAR INSTITUTE,
66 N. CHARLES ST. and 77 SARATOGA ST.
BALTIMORE.

OFFICERS.
President— JOHN B. MORRIS, Esq.
Vice Presidents— B. F. NEWCOMER, Esq., CHRISTIAN AX, Esq.
Secretary— J. J. STEWART, Esq.
Treasurer— WILLIAM WILKENS, Esq.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
Johns Hopkins, Esq. Christian Ax, Esq. John H. B. Latrobe, Esq. H. H. Grace, Esq.
John B. Morris, Esq. J. Harhanus Fisher, Esq. C Morton Stewart, Esq. Dr.W. Chew Van Bibber,
Hon. G. W. Dobbin, Jacob Trust Esq. Charles G. Kerr, Esq. Dr. James Cart Thomas,
B. F. Newcomek, Esq. G. W. Gail, Esq. John Stellman, Esq. Dr. John Morris,
Sam'l >I. Shoemaker, Esq, John A. Niohols, Esq. William Wilkens, Esq. Dr. J. L. Wareiels,
William P. Friok, Esq. Col. S. M. Hess, J. J. Stewart, Esq. Dr. George Reuling.

Surgeon in Charge, GEORGE REULING, M. D.
We respectfully announce to the Medical Profession and Puhlic generally, that this
Institute, incorporated April 3d, 1869, and now located at No. 66 N. Charles Street, and
No. 77 Saratoga Street, has been lately enlarged and improved, and offers increased facili
ties for the treatment of those suffering from
DISEASES OF THE EYE AND EAR.

Application slionld be made to GEO. KEIil.IIVO. 91. IK, Surgeon in Charge.

V **Ht wow co^eeU &yta&0>fW«*l South rt •

A c^il audExamina^on of Specimens is solicit^-

i

Its Past History and Present Resources. 101

Oyster, Fruit and Vegetable Packing.
|HE Oyster Trade of Baltimore City, in its various branches, constitutes a
most important industry, and one which has no rival in the other cities
* of the United States. The unlimited supply afforded by the Chesapeake
Bay and its tributaries, and the superiority and delicate flavor of the Oysters,
make it impossible for any other city in the world to compete with Baltimore in
this regard. About thirty years ago a single house was established on Federal
Hill, for the canning of cooked Oysters ; its owner had discovered the secret
of sealing the cans, and vainly imagined that it could be confined within his
own brain. He wore his life away in his efforts to amass a fortune, and his
secret was soon discovered, which, in course of time was to convey to sections
that had scarcely heard by name of the delicious bivalves, bountiful supplies
as fresh and as pure as those to be found ou onr tables. At present there are
more than one hundred packing establishments engaged in the business, some
of which employ as many as six hundred hands; upwards of twenty thousand
persons are identified with the trade from first to last, in some form. A
failure of the Oyster supply would bring distress to hundreds of households.
Our space does not permit a detailed statement of the modus operandi of
packing. Eight hundred pungies or small schooners and fully three thousand
smaller boats are engaged in gathering Oysters. They commence work about
the middle of September. The pungies separate the Oysters from the beds
by means of dredges, while from the smaller boats tongs or rakes are plied by
hand. The Oysters brought to the packing establishments are shucked, and
if intended for shipment raw, are washed, and packed in the cans until every
particle of air is excluded, and hermetically sealed ; or they are first cooked
and then packed in the same manner. As an exhibit of the amount of
packing done, fifty thousand cans of raw are put up daily by a single house,
and thirty thousand cans of cooked Oysters by another. The trade is kept
up without intermission until the warm days of spring warn the proprietors
that the Oysters will soon be unfit for use. There is then a short intermission;
the hands are suffered to take a holiday and the pungies lie idly at the
wharves. In a very few weeks fleets of these small vessels line the waters of
the bay, and the streams which flow into it. The orchards and market-gardens
adjacent to the streams are stripped of their fruits and vegetables, the packing
houses are transformed into huge bee-hives, the operatives go to work with
renewed vigor, countless thousands of boxes of these perishable productions
of the soil are poured into their insatiable reservoirs, and by a process some
what similar to that made use of in Oyster packing, are stored away in
cans and sent to all sections of the world to be kept pure and fresh until
demanded by the ever increasing requirements of modern palates. Pickles,
Sauces, Preserves, are all canned in large quantities by the packers and find
7

102 The Monumental City,
a rapid sale in the market. These canned Oysters, Fruits and Vegetables are
sent to all portions of the United States, and are exported to all sections of the
civilized world. The Hindoos, the Chinese, the Japanese, and all European
markets are largely supplied with canned goods from the packing-houses of
the city of Baltimore. An industry so extensive necessarily tends to the
development of other branches of trade intimately connected with it; among
these is the manufacture of tin-cans.
A few of the packing-houses find it convenient to import their own tin and
make their own cans. The machinery for this and the hands employed form
no inconsiderable portion of the whole establishment, but by far the larger
number rely upon the houses which have been established in the city exclu
sively for that purpose. The increase in the importation and manufacture of
tin has kept pace with the development of the packing trade, and at this
writing it is estimated that between twenty and thirty million cans are manu
factured yearly for this market.
The trade is increasing and the resources for conducting the packing busi
ness are inexhaustible. It is impossible to fix any limits to this branch of the
trade of Baltimore in the future. Another business connected with the
packing trade deserves notice. The cans of Oysters, Fruits or Vegetables,
after they are sealed, are supplied with labels denoting the character of their
contents. Great competition has arisen between the firms engaged in the
business, and they have sought to secure the most unique and beautiful
designs, with which to advertise their wares to the world. Large printing-
houses now exist in the city whose sole occupation is the printing of these
labels. Much capital has been employed and great pains taken to reduce their
designs to perfection. The result is that many of these designs at first glance
can scarcely be distinguished from wood engravings. "Where so many Oysters
are shucked the question will naturally be asked, what becomes of the shells.
Many of the larger packing-houses have extensive lime-kilns, with a capacity
of one thousand to twelve hundred bushels each. One firm alone burns twenty
thousand bushels into lime every four days, and has made as much as six
hundred thousand bushels of pure white lime in a year. Even this immense
quantity does not dispose of the accumulations, and in many instances farmers
and others are paid to haul away the shells for the construction of roads, or
the improvement of the lands adjacent to the city. It will be seen from the
above that the packing trade is already of paramount importance in Balti
more, and is rapidly increasing in extent and the number of substantial
citizens engaged in it.
The Oyster laws of the State form no inconsiderable portion of the Code,
and the efforts of legislators have latterly been directed to the regulation of
the manner of taking tlie Oysters, that the beds may not be permanently
injured by this traffic. An Oyster-navy has been established with this view,
and efficient officers selected to command it; and during the season the vessels
composing this water-police are constantly in motion for the purpose of
enforcing the Oyster laws.

Its Past History and Present Resources

103

::W,

I frLf "^
 §giif "

lb "

«

fiptKef ill

.\nisi;x-s block.

WM. NUMSEN & SONS,
PRESERVERS, PIOKLERS,

#*

fe

Office, 18 Light Street,

Factories at Jackson St., Federal Hill, and German St., near Green St.

WM. NUMSEN,
J W. NUMSEN,
N. G. NUMSEN,
WM. N. NUMSEN.

BALTIMORE.

104

The Monumental City,

Successors of THOS. KENSETT & CO.
PACKERS OF HERMETICALLY SEALED
OYSTERS, FRUITS, &c.
122 W. Falls Avenue,
BALTIMORE.

THOMAS H. KENSETT,
HORATIO N. VAIL,
JOHN R. KENSETT.

JAMES E. STAISTSBTJIIY,
OYSTER, FRUIT AND VEGETABLE PACKER,

AND SHELL-LIME KILNS,
Atlantic Wharf, near Boston Street, Canton, BALTIMORE.

ESTABLISHED 1850.

THOS. J. MYEE. A. K. SHR1VEK. M. O. SHRIYEK.
THOS. J. MYER & CO.
Successors to BALDWIN & MYEE,

No. 90 WEST FALLS AVENlfE,
Opposite Philadelphia Depot, B-A_LT-C]VIO!EiE.

Its Past History and Present Resources. 105
j.c. mahony. established 1853. hyfleming.

P

J. C. MAHONY <£ CO.
YSTER AND F^TJIT ^ACKERS,
MAHONY'S WHARF, CANTON", Baltimore.

Shot.

§MO!N"Gr the most prominent objects in a distant view of Baltimore, towering
far above the loftiest building, and, although situated near the water
level, rivalling in height the summit of the Washington Monument, is
the Merchants' Shot Tower. This immense piece of masonry was erected
in 1828, and is said to be the finest specimen of brick work on this continent,
and perhaps in the world. It is two hundred and twenty feet high, above
the pavement, and has a foundation seventeen feet in depth, resting upon
solid rock. This gives the tower the rare and important advantage of being
absolutely free from vibration, except during the heaviest gales of wind, when
the maximum vibration at the highest floor does not exceed four inches.
This absence of vibration is essential to the perfectness of the Shot. The
walls were built entirely from within, no outside scaffolding having been
used; they are six feet thick at the base of the tower, tapering off to eighteen
inches at the top. The circumference at the base is one hundred and twenty-
nine feet. The top is reached by a spiral stairway of three hundred and ten
steps. With regard to the manufacture of the Shot, it is sufficient to say that the
large sizes of Shot, from B to 3 T inclusive, are dropped from the highest
floor, while the smaller numbers are dropped from the middle floor. The
company which works this tower claims to make the most perfect Drop Shot
in the world, in consequence of the firm foundation and substantial structure
of the tower, which secures it against vibratory motion. The sizes of their
Shot, moreover, are carefully graded by fixed standards, and are mathemati
cally perfect. The manufacturing capacity of the tower is now 100,000 bags
in a season; it can readily be increased to 200,000 every six months, or indeed
if necessary to half a million annually.

106

The Monumental City,

f§' iip} ipipppg,

COE. FKONT AND FAYETTE STS.
"Baltimore, ]Vld.
Having all new and the most approved machinery
for the manufacture of Drop and Mould Shot and
liar Lead, the quality of our manufactured articles
in sizes, style and finish is not excelled in the world.
The sizes of Shot we manufacture are

l&

M

-,-«"f; p/.u MOULD SHOT, -
IAU+h  ' 
JST*: ™2- Number to tlie Pound j 16

371551 IC ! AFIKP

37|55|212| 51 | 85
Colt's Army. Nav
Pistol.

000! 00
85 111

144|170

250

340

DROP SHOT— TTT TT T BBB BB B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

HENRY D. HARVEY, President.

LDCTEN O'CONNOR, Secretary, pro tem.

HENRY D. HARVEY.
JAMES HOOPKR, Jk , of James Hooper & Sons, I FRANCIS A. CROOK, Treas Balto. Equitable Society,
GEORGE N. EATON, of Eaton Bros. & Co. WILLIAM WILSON. Je . of Wilson, Burns & Co.
GEORGE WM. BROWN, late Mayor of Baltimore, | GEORGE W. CORNER, of James Corner & Sons.

Provisions.

fHE immediate connection of Baltimore with the West, renders it the chief
point for distribution southward, of the great Provision supplies from
y that important and rapidly growing section of our country. It has long
been known as one of the cheapest ports for this purpose on the entire sea
board ; but the Provision trade with the States of Georgia and South Carolina
was in some measure diminished by the establishment of direct lines of rail
way to the Mississippi valley. The trade with the Southern Atlantic
States has however been largely augmented of late years, both through a
disposition to purchase in Baltimore, and because the consumption in those
States has greatly increased. In view of this fact, tlie railways and lines of
steamers communicating directly or indirectly with the South, have become
much more active than formerly. During 1872 Baltimore distributed 70,000
hhds. of bacon and bulk meats ; 20,000 casks of hams ; 50,000 tierces of lard ;
30,000 bbls. of pork.- A large proportion of these articles is sent to the West
Indies and points further South ; while to Great Britain and Germany great
quantities of lard are shipped annually. The aggregate export of lard to
Liverpool and Bremen alone, in 1871, was about half the total amount of
4,877,470 lbs. The demand for this article has become so great, that the
refining of the cruder grades has risen within a short period into a yery
important branch of manufacture, of which we treat in the succeeding article.

Its Past History and Present Resources.

107

MANUFACTURERS OF
KEiiEDWRDA

NO. 48 SOUTH ST.

"31.1,11
LARD l,p|t
REFINED LAHD Kan

^4-LTIMO*8,

fe<fe H Hw0

fe 0 H fe H
fe
0 <<

K few
K

The Monumental City, Its Past History, Etc.

109

Refined Lard.

fITHIN three or four years past a new branch of the Provision trade has
arisen in Baltimore, and, growing with astonishing rapidity, has already
become one of the important departments of manufacture and commerce.
This is the preparation and exportation of Refined Lard. The crude article,
formerly exported as received from Western markets, is now cleansed of
impurities, in establishments conducted on a very large scale, and being thus
rendered easier to handle, as well as fitter for use, is sent in immense lots to
Europe and elsewhere. There are four refineries now engaged in this busi
ness, which, only three or four years ago, was almost unknown ; and of these
four, two are also occupied in the preparation of Lard Oil.
The shipments for the last three years have been as follows :
1870  1,791,360 lbs.
1871  4,876,760 "
1872  12,622,649 "

Gr. CASSAED Sd SOIST,

AND DEALERS IN

PROVISIONS, PRIME LARD AND LARD OIL,
Nos. 407 & 409 West Baltimore Street,
Baltimore.

GEO. CASSARD & CO.
mm lm Segai^-Owe-il Wmmt
Shoulder, Sides, Pork, Lard,

AND

No. 46 SOUTH STREET, BALTIMORE.

110 The Monumental City, Its Past History, Etc.
THOMAS CASSARD. JOHN CASSARD. P. W. CASSARD.
CASSARD BROTHERS,
LARD REFINER©

ISTO. ei SOUTH STEEET,
BALTIMORE.

Butter and Cheese.

l;Sa market for Butter and Cheese, produced in the great pasture lands of
mk the country, Baltimore now fairly rivals New York City. The trade
i was formerly quite inconsiderable, in the days when each farmer made
into Cheese the products of his own dairy; but since the establishment
of large factories, the supply now of refined quality and vast quantity, is
an important branch of commerce in both of the cities named. The trans
portation facilities of our own market for these articles are now fully as cheap,
as rapid, and as convenient as those of New York, while we are nearer to the
large Cheese and Butter consuming Southern country. As a consequence of .
this point in our favor, so large a proportion of the annual production comes
to Baltimore, that occasionally New York merchants have found it to their
advantage to purchase in this city; and the daily sales here are now several
hundred per centum greater than they were a few years ago. These remarks,
though made especially in reference to Cheese, are equally true in regard to
Butter, of which the best article is received in very large quantities as cheaply
as in New York.
The trade in Butter has increased largely during the year 1872, the
receipts for that period being 10,000,000 pounds, and the receipts of Cheese
during the same time have aggregated fully as much as during any former year.

UNTo. 6 Exchange Elace,
CHEESE, BUTTER AND WESTERN PRODUCE,
Arriving Daily, and For Sale AT LOWEST MARKET KATES,
Wo also offer for sale at Factory prices, as Manufacturers' Wholesale Agents,
T. Klngsford <V Son's <lsnc;<> Starch,
Procter «fc Gamble's Olcine Soap and Adamantine Candles,
Emil Itlatliieu al- Son's Clarified Vinegar,
Stickney & Poor's Premium Mustard,
Naphey'N Choice Leaf l.ard. in 3,"5, 10 aii<V2f5 ¦'omul' I ¦¦¦.Tail*.

BALTIMORE STEAM SUGAR REFINERY,
I' WOODS, WEEKS & CO., Proprietors.
MANUFACTURERS OF ALL GRADES OF REFINED SUGARS AND SYRUPS.

The Monumental City, Its Past Histoky, Etc.

113

(c,

IDJ 'I

^W I"1

XX.A

- — '

i ' ' '"llHiKL ,

Ir

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- ",_.
1 [nu
ll
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i — - — i ..
X> a ,,..1
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s:lii:li!i
Lg
.' I ,p|||: , ' -i'i'; p'" 'pT-p'.i '1,'tlil.,'1  Il.li-.iiulu
114

The Monumental City,

Sugar.

IN the importation of Sugar, as well as of Coffee, the business of Baltimore
has increased surprisingly within three years past. In 1870, New York
v alone could show larger receipts; but in Sugar especially, Boston reported
almost an equal amount, and Philadelphia was not far behind. In 1871, the
receipts at Baltimore were nearly two-thirds as great as the aggregate of
Boston, Philadelphia and New Orleans ; and the current year shows thus far
a still heavier augmentation of the receipts. At the close of the first six
months of 1872, the aggregate of imports for those months, as compared with
the corresponding period of the previous year, were as follows:

HHDS.

BOXES.

BAGS.

TIERCES.

BBLS.

1872, . .
1871, . .

76,024=69,601

39,19323,895

33,000
21,233

3,1701,421

6,671
9,597

Inc. 6,423

Inc. 15,298

Inc. 11,767

Inc. 2,769

Bee 2,908

The rapid growth of the trade in the past four years is displayed in the
following table of receipts:
1872  122,402 hhds. 70,180 boxes, 41,100 bags.
1871  122,075 " 53,945 " 44,620 "
1870  87,598 " 57,444 " 29,678 "
1869  81,461 " 57,761 " 10,930 "
These large cargoes of raw Sugars are of course brought to Baltimore not
merely for local consumption; and this introduces another extensive manu
facturing interest of our city — the work of the Sugar Eefineries. These
factories are of great importance, inasmuch as their influence upon the
prosperity of the city reaches far beyond the mere employment of a given
number of laborers, or the production of a certain value in merchantable
wares. By them importation is promoted, and our port is made to assume a
high position as the great medium of traffic in one of the principal articles of
necessity in the civilized world; while every means of transportation is called
into activity by the requirements for distribution of the immense product.
In the Baltimore, Maryland, Calvert and Chesapeake Refineries the aggregate
amount of the crude material worked up during the year 1871 was 109,686,000
pounds, from which were produced 91,000,000 pounds refined Sugar, and
1,929,272'gallons Syrup. Two other companies, the Canton and Merchants',
which are employed in preparing Sugar from Molasses, boiled in 1871, 23,000

Its Past History and Present Resources.

115

116

The Monumental City,

hogsheads of Molasses, producing 11,300,000 pounds of yellow Sugar, and
440,000 gallons of Syrup. During that year, the receipts of Molasses, though
so largely in excess of the previous years, were inadequate to the needs of the
several establishments, and work was suspended much earlier in the season
than is usual, in consequence of the deficiency of material. The Canton
company, which worked up during the season 8,000 hogsheads, with a
capacity of 15,000 hogsheads, was compelled to draw half even of this reduced
amount from Northern markets. This deficiency of course suggested the
necessity of heavier importations, and the receipts of the current year, as
shown above, have been much larger.
Baltimore is undoubtedly destined to become a great market for both crude
and refined Sugars and Molasses, and the character of the gentlemen who
control the trade should be a sufficient inducement for purchasers to seek our
city, when the other inducements offered compare so favorably with other
places.

Coffee.

«OFFEE is an article of importation in which Baltimore stands second
among the ports of the United States; more prominently so, indeed, than
* in the case of Sugar, as here the receipts are more than twice the aggregate
entries at the three other chief ports, of Boston, Philadelphia and New
Orleans. The amount recorded for 1871, at Baltimore, was 92,892,904
pounds, principally Brazil, (or Rio,) while the receipts at Philadelphia,
5,792,915, at Boston, 6.398,256, and at New Orleans, 33,072,914, make a total
of 45,264,085 pounds — less than half that of Baltimore, notwithstanding the
great importance of New Orleans as the port of distribution to the valley of
the lower Mississippi. The large supply given above is yet below the real
amount, as large cargoes are shipped westward under bond without showing
to the credit of Baltimore on the books of the Custom-House.
The following average of monthly sales during five years will give an idea
of the rapid progress of the trade :
(160 lbs. to the bag.)
For 1867  20,810 bags, or 3,329,600 lbs.
1868  20,919 " " 3,347,040
1869  29,534 " " 4,724,440
1870  42,213 " " 6,754,080
1871  45,900 " " 7,344,000
1872  32,922 " "5,267,520
The crop of 1872 was short; Baltimore importing its full share.
Baltimore, indeed, has become a port of entry in coffee, even for New York
merchants, in consequence of the facilities offered for economical handling,
and for cheap and speedy transportation to various points in the West.

Its Past History and Present Resources. 117
BARKLEY & HASSON,
No. 50 South Charles Street, Baltimore,
MANUFACTURERS.

>9 v/tvwwy n^- f*yy"*)
CREAM TARTAR, MONUMENTAL YEAST POWDER,
Tlie "Enterprise" Roasted Coffee,
Packed in 1 lb Papers.
DEALERS IUST
Coffees, Teas, Spices, Starches,
Soaps, Sodas, Ess. Coffee, Canned Fruits,
Grocers' Drugs, Candles, Lye, Extracts,
Shoe Blacking, Sj-e.

ESTABLISHED 18S5.

G. H. REESE & BROTHERS,

il

»it«I

207 &. 209

W. Pratt Street,

BALTIMORE.

118 The Monumental City, Its Past History, Etc.
Charles Reese. Percy M. Reese.
CHARLES REESE & SON,
IMPORTERS OE AND DEALERS IN
Wines, Fruits and Fine Groceries,
cor. etjtaw, madison & garden sts.
b^lltimo:re,
Have at all times a complete assortment of Choice Family Groceries,,
AT LOWEST CASH PRICES.

SE3ST1D FOR'LIST OE PEICES-FEEE.

Salt.

|HB three great markets for Salt in this country are New Orleans, New
York and Baltimore. We name them in point of prominence. The
article itself is such an absolute necessity that the wonder has often been
expressed from where does it all come. Liverpool, Turk's Island and some of
the local wells, situated principally in the States of New York, Michigan,
Ohio and West Virginia, furnish the bulk of the article consumed in this
country. There have been .brought from the West Indies to this port during
the past year about 150,000 more bushels of Salt than at any similar period
of our history. The importation from Liverpool has somewhat slackened
during the same time, owing to the strikes at Liverpool, and high prices and
scarcity only; but the figures made up by one of the largest Salt dealers in
America, very clearly indicate that Baltimore is to become the greatest market
on the Atlantic seaboard for the importation and sale of that commodity.
The fact that gentlemen of undoubted probity and substantial resources have
control of the Salt market in Baltimore, should be an inducement to all
buyers in the South and West to come to this city for their supplies. The
facilities for importation are unequalled and the prices correspondingly low.
The rates of freight and railroad transportation are not surpassed in this
country for cheapness, dispatch and security to the buyer.

120 The Monumental City,
STEWAET & OO

.a.:ntd
COMMISSION MERCHANTS
No. 13 IS". HOWAED STREET, BALTIMORE.

Teas.
' tsHE Tea trade of Baltimore is a large and growing interest. Prior to the

,,;,,! establishment of the Pacific Mail Steamship Company, Teas were brought
* direct from the East to New York. This Line to some extent changed
the direction of Eastern goods ; but the completion of the Central Pacific
Railroad, and the low rates for freight established by that corporation, have
effected a complete revolution in the Tea trade. Tea is now brought by water
to the Pacific coast, and shipped overland to the Eastern Cities of America.
The geographical position of out City, and the energy of her Merchants,
have secured for her much of the trade, which was formerly monopolized by
New York. At least, one of the largest Houses in Baltimore has a member
of the firm in the East, as special agent for the selection and purchase of
Teas ; and all those engaged in the business are very careful of the character
of the goods offered to the market. Large quantities of Tea are shipped from
Baltimore to the South, and South- West; and from present indications our
City at no distant day will compare favorably with her sister Cities on the
Atlantic coast, in this very extensive branch of commerce.

Martin Gillet, Martin Gillet & Co.
Established 1815. Established 1832.
MARTIN GILLET <£ CO,
70 EXCHANGE PLACE, BALTIMORE,
Importers of China and Japan Teas,
Also, JAPAN FANS.
Office in Netv York, 95 Front Street.

Its Past History and Present Resources. 121
GEO. SANDERS & SONS,
IMPORTERS .A^D JOBBERS OF
VflAi

65 EXCHANGE PLAGE,
BALTIMORE.

Rice.
(JJIHE Rice Market of Baltimore, without very great variation in the total
H| amount of its business, has changed considerably in its character during
*F the years of which we take especial note in this sketch. Domestic crops
are now consumed wholly within the United States, and fall considerably
below the needs of the country; and in consequence of this, and the cheap
rates of through shipment, much of the business in home-grown Rice is done
in Charleston and New Orleans. On the other hand, and in consequence of
this insufficiency, the receipts of foreign Rice have greatly increased, and the
report of the current year shows an aggregate at least fifty per cent in excess
of last or any previous year — say 25,000 bags as compared with 15,000 for the
entire receipts of 1871. In exact figures, there were received last year 25,618
bags, in 1871, 15,873 bags, and in 1870, 8,980 bags. The report of domestic
Rice, for the same years, shows also a slight excess in favor of 1871, over
1870, notwithstanding the short crops in the South.
Of the foreign cargoes received, fully three-fourths are sold for home
consumption, but the sales for exportation to the West Indies and elsewhere
abroad, are steadily increasing. Among the kinds of Rice brought from the
East Indies, that called Patna Rice, said to be produced from American seed,
and which has a fine, bright, slender grain, is a favorite article. Rangoon
Rice is received in large quantities for shipment to the West Indies, and when
of very good quality, often goes largely into consumption in the United States.

J. D. EHLERS & GO.
87 SECOND STREET, BALTIMORE.

122 The Monumental City,

Spices.

¦j $EW articles are more generally used than manufactured Spices. They
!t | appear upon the table of every household in the city, and enter into the
**S» preparation of nearly all the dishes that are served for human consump
tion, and yet but few are aware of the extent of their manufacture, or the
vast amount consumed. In Baltimore there are five extensive establishments
engaged in their production, besides a number of smaller houses, which do a
flourishing business. Pepper, Ginger, Cloves, Nutmegs, Mace, Cassia, Cayenne,
&c, &c, are manufactured in immense quantities, and of a character certainly
equal to the productions of the factories in any other sections of the country.
The very best materials are used by the manufacturers, and our market in
this regard is entirely independent of all others. Jobbers complete their
stocks from the home factories, and their experience is decidedly favorable to
a continuance of this system. Large capital is invested in the business, and
the gentlemen engaged in it are among our most reliable and sterling mer
chants. This fact gives confidence that in a trade where probity and fair
dealing are absolutely essential, dealers can purchase with the utmost
security. The manufacture of Spices in Baltimore has already assumed
large proportions, and the demand increasing every day, will doubtless lead
to an indefinite expansion of the trade in the future. The manufactured
goods are sent from this city in immense quantities to the South, West and
North- West, and to the neighboring States.

Fish

| MONG the many advantages offered by the location of the City of Balti-
K more, are the products of the Chesapeake Bay, whose waters teem with
% Fish suited to the table of the most fastidious epicure, as well as adapted
to the requirements of trade. In almost every season the markets are sup
plied with its offerings, and the Bay Mackerel, Potomac and Susquehanna
Shad, Sheepshead, Drum, Taylor, Rock, white and yellow Perch, and other
numerous varieties are supplied in greater quantities and more decided
excellence than can be found in any port of this or any other country. In
addition to these, large quantities of Shad and Herring are yearly caught at
the fisheries on the shores of the bay and its tributaries, which find their
way to this mart, and form an important article of trade and commerce.
Owing to the geographical position of Baltimore it is also a centre for the
distribution over its various railroads of the Fish from the British Provinces
and the New England States, and the Carolinas; the Western country being
almost entirely supplied from this Port with these commodities.

Its Past History and Present Resources. 123
geo. m. lamb. edw. l. kemp.
Successors to GIST & WELLS,
ESTABLISHED ....... 1852.

Nos. 126 & 128 S. EUTAW STREET,
Opposite Balto. and Ohio R. R. Depot, BALTIMORE.

Soap and Candles.

L
HE manufacture of Soap and Candles has been carried on in Baltimore
for many years past, and there are now in the City five large factories,
W with quite a number of smaller establishments. At two of the larger
Houses, Candles are manufactured on a considerable scale. Large shipments
are made to the West Indies, and also to other foreign regions, especially Cape
of Good Hope. Notwithstanding the influences exerted against this trade by
the general use of coal oil in various forms, and the extensive introduction
of gas, the exportation from Baltimore has been at least quadrupled during
the past twenty years.
JAS. ARMSTRONG & CO.
MANUFACTURERS OE

AND
Hard Pressed Tallow Candles,
CONCORD ST.
ilol; Simstrono. B ALTIMOEE.

SMITH t£ CURLETT,
MANUFACTURERS OF

*9
ADAMANTINE AND TALLOW CANDLES,
Corner of HoUiday and Pleasant Streets,
BALTIMORE.

1*4

The Monumental City,

James Beatly. George R. Skillman.
JAMES BEATTY & CO.
STEAM
Cracker, Cake and Ship Biscuit
BAKERS,
Nos. 92, 94 and 96 Dugan's Wharf,
3STEA.-R PBATT STREET, B iLlLl\[r IIT[OX\.X!«l

Matches.

[HE manufacture of Matches was commenced in this City in 1865, under
favorable auspices. Experienced and skillful workmen were employed ;
and the interest has steadily increased in importance. At present
upwards of one hundred hands are employed, and from two hundred and
fifty to three hundred gross are daily manufactured. Both Sulphur and
Parlor Matches are made which compare favorably in quality, with those
manufactured elsewhere in the country. Baltimore is the only city south of
Wilmington, Delaware, where these very necessary articles are manufactured ;
and hence the demand is very great. Besides supplying the home market,
large quantities are sent to the South, at rates certainly as favorable as are
offered in any other localities. The superiority of Baltimore Matches has
created for them a popularity in some localities, which has materially
enlarged the business. This branch of industry is growing in importance,
and the fact that all the materials necessary in the manufacture can be
purchased here, makes it specially remunerative.

WEEDON, ARMISTEAD & CO.

MANUFACTURERS OF

Sulphur and Parlor Matches

13 CHEAPSIDE, BALTIMORE.

Its Past History and Present Resources.

125

Imported Wines and Liquors.
S>N~ addition to the Whiskey trade of our city, quite a large business is done
df in Imported Wines and Liquors. Before the civil war, in this country,
'•? large quantities of Brandies and superior Wines were imported into this
market. But the excessive duties afterwards imposed, caused a falling off in
the consumption. The establishment of the Bremen and Allan Lines of
Steamers, together with partial reduction in duties, have very materially
revived this branch of our commerce; and to-day Baltimore can compare
favorably with other cities both in the stock offered to buyers, and the
character of the gentlemen engaged in the business. The fashions have
somewhat changed in this branch of industry of late years. The introduction
of Lager-Beer and the cheapness of Whiskey as compared with foreign
Brandies, &c, and the finer classes of Wines, have altered to a very consid
erable extent the public taste, and at present large quantities of the cheaper
French and German Wines, together with heavy invoices of " Brown Stout,"
India Ales, and fermented Liquors are brought to this Port. Gin, too, is
imported in considerable quantities ; and the wholesale dealers in this City
have always on hand choice selections of the finest Foreign Wines and
Liquors, and offer inducements to customers certainly not inferior to those
extended by other cities.

LAURENCE THOMSEN & CO.

IMPORTERS OF
Mm

AND DEALERS IN
FINE OLD RYE WHISKIES,
No. 114 WEST LOMBARD STREET,

NEAR CHARLES STREET,

BALTIMOBE.

CHAS. H. MYERS & BRO.
IMPORTERS OF

RUM, SCOTCH ALE, BROWN STOUT,

SALAD OIL, CASTILE SOAP, &C.
CONSTANTLY ON HAMD
choice oxjI3 ir-ste Ss bourbon whiske-2*,
no. 72 exchange place, - baltimore.

126 The Monumental City,
GEO. P. THOMAS & CO.

iu:ai.i:ks in

Foreign and Domestic

No. 385 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore.

Whiskey.

j|>OR many years, Baltimore has. borne a reputation deservedly high for
5|s the manufacture of fine Rye Whiskies, and at this writing controls
¦F1 the markets, of the. United States in these grades. The manufacture
of Whiskies of all. kinds and qualities is extensively carried on in and around
the city; and the sales foot up an aggregate in barrels, which mark it as one
of our most important industries. Five Houses are at present engaged in
its production, with a capacity in the aggregate of 4,500 bushels of grain,
or from 450 to 500 barrels of the raw material daily. Fully two hundred
Houses, large and small, are engaged in the Liquor trade. Six of the larger
sell 50,000 barrels annually, while the business transacted by the others,
placing it at 50,000 barrrels, a moderate estimate, will bring the sum total of
sales, to 100,000 barrels annually. The capital invested in the Whiskey
business in this city is about $3,000,000, while the receipts from sales,
allowing an average price of $1.50 per gallon, would aggregate $6,000,000.
Of course the large amount of Whiskey manufactured and sold here is not
all intended for home consumption. To the extreme South, heavy shipments
of tlie very best grades of Rye Whiskey are made; while with the neighboring
States, the trade consists principally of inferior grades. Massachusetts,
New York and northern Pennsylvania, also consume large quantities manu
factured here. In the West, where the people have heretofore used exclusively
the Bourbon or Corn Whiskey, manufactured in the vicinity of Louisville
and Cincinnati, a taste is developing for the better grades of Baltimore " Old
Rye." The increase since the war in the manufacture and sale of Whiskey
in this city has been very decided, and the evidences furnished by the trans
actions of the last two years, lead to the conclusion that its expansion will be
more rapid in the future.

Its Past History and Present Resources.

127

W. T. WALTERS <£ CO.
68 EXOHA.NaE PLACE,
BALTIMORE.

WHOLESALE DEALERS IN

LIQUOE SOLE PROPRIETORS OF THE CELEBRATED
BAKER'S PURE RYE WHISKEY.

128

The Monumental City,
established 1825.

m 7^ra-CTwra*I*EO

11 nm

#

THOS. J, FLACK & SONS,
WINES AiNTD LIQUORS,
52 SOUTH STREET, BALTIMORE.

FLACK BROTHERS,
Distillers of Eye and Bourbon Whiskies, Enm, Gin and Brandy,
OFFICE, 52 SOUTH STREET, BALTIMORE, MD.
Distillery, bounded by Clinton and First Streets and Fifth and Sixth Avenues.

Its Past History and Present Resources. 129

Grain.

JL

IALTIMORE, the commercial centre of a large and wonderfully rich
3PJ agricultural region, has long been one of the leading Grain markets of
* this country. The soil and climate of the sections naturally tributary
to our city, are peculiarly adapted to the growth of cereals. Prior to the
development of the gigantic West, and the introduction and extension of
railroads, a short or full crop of Grain on the "Chesapeake" established the
value of Breadstuffs along the entire Atlantic coast. The portions of our
country which more immediately feed the Baltimore market, comprise the
State of Maryland, a large part of Virginia, with sections of Delaware,
Pennsylvania, and North Carolina.
Those divisions which lie more directly on the Chesapeake, produce the
very finest varieties of Wheat; unsurpassed, and probably not equalled in
quality by that grown in any other part of the world; being of a bright color,
thin skin, plump berry, and rich in gluten. The Baltimore milling demand
for this high grade Wheat, absorbs nearly the whole crop at high prices;
leaving but little or none for export, or for neighboring markets. The Corn
produced in this favored section, is also of superior quality. "Baltimore
White Corn" is well-known, and sought after by the trade of the Atlantic
States and Great Britain whenever 9, high grade article for human food is
wanted. The waters of the Chesapeake furnish a rapid and cheap mode of
transportation to farmers, in vessels whose tonnage is from two to five thousand
bushels. The cargoes are taken immediately from their farms, at a cost of
five to seven cents per bushel, and reach market in one to five days.
With the radical change in the labor system, and the sub-division of farms,
this rich section of country is destined to rapid development, and great
increase of crops. It offers to capable and industrious farmers with moderate
means, the finest opportunity for location and settlement, that can now be
presented. The completion of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, and the extension of
its Western connections, together with the facilities granted by its great
competitor, the Pennsylvania Company, have caused a large increase in the
Grain trade of Baltimore during the past few years. With a wise policy, and
proper facilities extended by the management of these Roads, we hope soon
to recover our former paramount importance; or at least to become a close
competitor with the present leading market on the coast.
An extensive Grain Elevator established by the Baltimore and Ohio Rail
road Company, facilitating the handling of Western Grain, has greatly
increased the receipts of Corn; so that Baltimore has already become a
considerable exporting Corn Port. . The success attending this enterprise has

130 The Monumental City,
led to the projection of several others of a similar character. The Baltimore
and Ohio Railroad Company we learn will immediately build additional
Elevators, and the Pennsylvania Company having obtained desirable property
on deep water, at Canton, will soon erect another; thus enabling our Mer
chants eager for the trade, to handle our portion of the ever increasing
surplus of the West.
The extension of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad to Chicago, must add
largely to the receipts of our Port, and enable Northwestern Wheat to reach
foreign markets through Baltimore, at cheaper rates, and in better condition
than by any other route.
The rigid inspection of Grain established by the Corn and Flour Exchange,
together with the great care exercised by shippers, have already given to cargoes
shipped from Baltimore, a very high reputation abroad ; thereby maintaining
the boasted supremacy of our market for quality. Since the establishment
of the Baltimore and Ohio Elevator, the receipts of Corn have largely
increased. For the first six months of 1872, 5,908,000 bushels were received,
against 2,398,000 for the same period of the previous year; and 5,735,000
bushels for the entire year 1871. The extensive improvements and additions
to our Railroad facilities, and other causes, will in the near future magnify
our Grain trade to such proportions, as the most sanguine amongst us can
now scarcely appreciate.
We append a table showing the comparative receipts of Grain at this
market for four years: 1872. 1871. 1870. 1869.
Wheat  2,456,100 4,076,017 3,039,357 3,249,995
Corn  9,045,465 5,735,921 3,831,676 3,923,563
Oats  1,959,161 1,833,409 1,243,720 1,171,424
Rye  90,938 88,956 77,778 177,246
Peas  10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000
Beans  35,000 30,000 30,000 30,000
Total  13,596,664 11,774,303 8,232,531 8,562,228
JOHN GILL «£ CO.
Commission and Shipping Merchants,

Liberal advances made on consignments of Cotton,
Grain, and other Produce, to our care.

U. S. BONDED STORES
AND
FREE WAREHOUSES.
The Baltimore Warehouse Company,
Chartered by the State of Maryland, January, 1867, with an authorized capital
of One Million Dollars, are prepared to
STORE MERCHANDIZE, BONDED OR FREE,
On which they will make liberal advances, if required.
OFFICE-No. 2 RIALTO BUILDINGS, SECOND STREET.
DIBECTOES.
JOHNS HOPKINS, W. E. HOOPER,
THOMAS KENSET, S. M. SHOEMAKER,
HENRY JAMES, JAMES A. GARY,
JAMES S. WHEDBEE.
JAMES H. BARNEY, President.
C. A. FOOTE, Secretary.
Monumental Cotton Press and Warehouse,
STORAGE CAPACITY, 5,000 BALES,
INSURANCE MINIMUM,
WITH TWO WATEE FRONTS,
ADJOINING CHARLESTON S. 8. WHARF, UNION DOCK.
E. G. Uhthoff, Proprietor.
J. M. Uhthoff, Agent.
Maryland Institution for the Instruction of the Blind,

NORTH AVENUE. BALTIMORE.

DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS OF THE INSTITUTION.
DIRECTORS. F. T. King,
Charles J. Bakbb,
Chakles E. Wethered,
John T. Morris,
E. Wyatt Blanchard,
Jacob Tome,
President, Secretary, Treasurer,
J. HOWARD McHENRY. JOHN T. MORRIS. B. P. NEWCOMER.
Superintendent, Physician, Oculist,
F. D. MORRISON. JAMES A. STEUART. RUSSELL MURDOCH, M. D.

J. Howard McHenry,
Dr. Wm. Fisher,
B. F. Newcomer,
George N. Eaton,
W. W. Glenn,
Jacob Trust,

George S. Brown,
John Glenn,
George M. Rogers,
Wm. A. Fisher,
F. W. Brune,
J. J. Jackson.

Zdtfn bv A-'Ko p=r, a, C° 3dlto

K. G. Macgill.
P. H. Macgill.
A. Gambrill.

Patapsco Flouring Mills,
CHARLES A. GAMBRILL & CO., Proprietors, BALTIMOEE

Its Past History and Present Resources.

133

ISRAEL M. PARR.

HENRY A. PARR.

I. M.PARE & SON",

BALTIMORE.

Flour.

REVIEW of the Flour and Meal trade naturally follows that of Grain.
J The requirements of merchants engaged in the Breadstuff's trade, led to
the establishment of the Corn and Flour Exchange, where this business
is exclusively transacted.
The high character and position of the merchants engaged in this trade in
Baltimore, is proverbial, and excelled nowhere in America. Baltimore
situated in the centre of a great Wheat growing country, has always main
tained the first-class reputation as a Flour market. The Grain is obtained
principally from Pennsylvania, Virginia, Maryland, and the West. The
manufacturing capacity of our city is extensive. Large and substantial
Mills, with all modern improvements, are located upon powerful streams
within and contiguous to the city; and several large Steam Mills of great
power are favorably located. The great drought of the past few years, the
consequent diminution of water, and its interference with milling operations,
have caused some proprietors of Mills to add to their water-power, steam
engines to supply the constantly increasing demands. The Flour manufac
tured in Baltimore, from the high grade and fancy Maryland and Virginia
Wheat, is of well-known superior quality, and wherever introduced main
tains this reputation. The highest grade for family use, such as the famous
" Patapsco " brand and others well-known, are unsurpassed, if ever equalled
in the world, and have become the standard in markets, for the best grades.
A very high grade of " Strong Flour," a quality well-known to the trade
and to bakers, is also manufactured with great care in this city for shipment
to Brazil and other South American ports. This Flour is capable of standing
long voyages to the tropics. Its quality is due to the peculiarity of the

134 The Monumental City,
Wheat grown in this section, in addition to judicious selection and careful
attention bestowed on its milling. The proprietors of the celebrated " Rio "
brands, such as the " Mount Vernon " and others, are very jealous and
deservedly proud of their reputation, which is equal to that of any Flour
ground and shipped from the States. The Country and Western Flour
received here for sale is generally of high or good grade, and is exported to
Europe and the West Indies, or goes into domestic consumption. Inferior
or very low grades are not received in any quantities, as they are not suitable
to the market; and merchants will not take them to the profit of the
shippers. After continued effort by the trade, the compulsory State inspection laws
with regard to Flour, were abolished by the Legislature, and expired on the
first day of May, 1872. These laws were always an incubus upon trade, and
resulted in giving us incompetent inspectors, (whose sole recommendation
was party fidelity,) to examine and report the quality of goods submitted to
them. We have done with them. The only inspection of Flour now with
us is voluntary. The merits of the article itself, the judgment of the buyer,
and above all, the character and reputation of the miller or seller, are the
safeguards against imposition and fraud, and these are sufficient without the
dictum of an ignoramus to "brand" the goods according to his bad judgment,
prejudice or partiality.
Our market has been singularly free from any of the disreputable practices
said to prevail elsewhere. In fact the trade "wont stand it." We look to
reputation as a guarantee of the goods.
With the opening and extension of the various arteries of trade, we confi
dently look forward to a rapid development of the Flour Trade of this Port,
together with an increase of receipts of Western Wheat, and a large addition
to our milling capacity.
The following table will show the receipts of Flour at this market for the
last four years :
1872....-  1,175,967 bbls.
1871  1,123,028 "
1870  >  1,117,314 "
1869  1,051,251 "
In addition to the trade of Flour, large quantities of White Corn are ground
in and around the city for domestic consumption, and for the contiguous
couhtry. Yellow Corn, kiln-dried, ground and packed in barrels for ship
ment to the West Indies, and British Provinces, is an important article of
manufacture and commerce. Hominy, prepared from a peculiar variety
of Maryland white Corn of superior quality, is manufactured on a large
scale, and meets with a great domestic and export demand.

Its Past History and Present Resources. 135
||f |<*ffpf? |p niiij |fw ||||apgf,
SOUTH ST., WOOD ST. and BOWLY'S WHARF,
MAIN ENTRANCE ON SOUTH STREET.

S. SPRIGG BELT, .... . President.
J. M. GIRVINand GEO. F. ANDERSON, - - - - Vice Presidents.
R. M. WYLIE, Treasurer. \ WM. F. WHEA TLEY, Secretary
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE:
H. F. TURNER, JOHN GILL, A. W. GOLDSBOROUGH.

•BoAF^p OF PlF^ECTOP^S FOR 1873.
Jas. E. Tyson, Herman Williams, Allen Dorsey, Thos. I. Dail,
Frank Hersch, Edwin Hewes, Harry McCoy, Geo. P. Williar,
J. M. Girvin, Geo. F. Anderson, R. M. Wylie, H. F. Turner.
John Gill, A.W.Goldsborough, S. Sprigg Belt,

ffijjt Corn artft Jylour <&,*z\m\%t, ai ^aliimore, was established in 1853, for the promo
tion of the general business of the city, but more particularly for the facilitation of trade in
Bteadstufifs, and the convenience of parties engaged therein. Since its establishment, having
grown in the confidence and esteem of the community, it has of necessity attracted many
associate interests, and has thus become the leading and mostinfiuential commercial organization
in the city. Its usefulness and influence are being constantly extended. Inaugurated in 1853.
incorporated under general laws in 1855, its charter amended several times, as the wants and
experience of the trade demanded, it finally received from the State in IpS^O, an ample charter,
giving the Directors more complete control, with power to establish and maintain the highest
tone of commercial morality.
The Exchange is governed by a Board of fifteen Directors, elected annually. The Presi
dent, Vice Presidents and Treasurer are elected by and from the Board.
Qualification for membership requires the applicant to be a citizen of the State, engaged
in business in Baltimore, and election by the Executive Committee.
The charge for Membership is $50 initiation fee, and $20 yearly subscription. Firms
cannot become members as such. Each and every individual doing business on the floor, must
become a member. Clerks are admitted, to transact business only for their employers paying
the yearly subscription.
Strangers are admitted by card, upon the introduction of a member.
The main Hall in the Exchange Building is furnished with tables for the exposition of
samples, the yearly rental of which is one, two and three dollars, according to size. The
occupancy of these tables for the grain is sold at public auction ; premiums for the choice
ranging from $25 to $150. Much excitement prevails at these Annual Sales.
The roll of membership for the year 1872 contained 464 names.

CO
Oi

t-3Wta
oa¦*! Kw
l>t-l
aMH

GEORGE F. WEBB, FLOUR, GRAIN AND GENERAL COMMISSION MERCHANT, 130 NORTH ST., BALTIMORE
JAberal Advances made on Consignments. Adjoining the Northern Central Railroad Depot.

Missing Page

Missing Page

Its Past History and Present Resources. 139
Malt.
JN connection with the extensive manufacture of Lager-Beer in our city
there are several large establishments for the production . of Malt, an
ingredient which enters largely into the composition of Beer. Six Malt
Houses are now iu operation, with an aggregate capital of $1,500,000,
employing three hundred hands. The principal element used in the manu
facture of Malt is barley. This grain is grown upon an extensive scale only
in Western New York, the Western States, and Canada.
The establishment of these large Malt Houses, and the consequent demand
for the grain, has led to efforts on the part of our enterprising agriculturalists
to produce barley, and the experiments of several have resulted so favorably,
that they have been encouraged to make other and more persistent efforts.
The demand for Beer is not likely to decrease. The numerous Breweries
already established are in a nourishing condition, and others are constantly being
started. The sales from the Malt establishments sum up probably $5,000,000,
with a tendency to increase. Some of our capitalists are engaged in the
business, and the flourishing condition of the trade invites money from abroad.
«jj|m. |inabc S fetr., |^iano-^ortc m&nufactuxtv&,
Ware-Rooms. No. 350 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore.
112 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY.

Candies and Foreign Fruits.
j MONG the branches of trade which have given impetus to the growth of
our city, and have decidedly ministered to its importance as a commercial
centre, may be mentioned the trade in Candies and Foreign Fruits. The
two are so thoroughly joined, that separate consideration of them would
perhaps be out of place. In New York City, specialties seem to be the
tendency of the trade. One house will import Mediterranean Fruits ; another
will deal entirely in West Indian goods* while a third will expose for sale
only the products of the Canton trade. In Baltimore this is not the case.
Quite a number of large and imposing buildings have been erected by our
Candy and Fruit dealers, which stand out as conspicuous monuments of the
enterprise of the firms which constructed them, as well as handsome additions
to the aesthetic features of our city. Candy, French or American, Mediterra
nean Fruits, such as Oranges and Lemons from Sicily, Almonds and Raisins
from Malaga, Raisins from Valencia, Currants, Citron, Figs, Dates, Prunes,
Sardines, Canton Ginger, Fire-Crackers, &c, &c, can be purchased at any of
these Houses upon terms as advantageous as are offered by any market in the

140

The Monumental City,

country, with the additional facility to buyers of being able to fill their entire
order in one large establishment, instead of being compelled to go from one
House to another, as in other cities, with the cost of drayage, &c. Baltimore
is entirely independent of any other city in the Candy and Fruit trade. The
business has increased fourfold within twenty years. Five hundred hands
are employed, and a capital of more than one million dollars is invested in
the business. The facilities which her geographical position and varied
industries give her in this regard, are such, that the merchants can offer their
goods at the lowest market prices. Refined Sugar, which is the ingredient
in the manufacture of Candies, can be secured at our great Sugar Refineries ;
and this is the only article used in the production of Candy in Baltimore, as
no adulteration has ever yet been practiced or detected upon home goods in
the market. In regard to the Mediterranean Fruit trade, much could be
said, but our space is limited. The enterprising gentlemen who are connected
with it, by a series of successful operations, have gradually enlarged their
business until at present Baltimore can boast of one of the most extensive
Mediterranean Fruit importing houses in the country. In addition to their
regular trade in the articles already enumerated, these parties are now
importing large quantities of Brimstone from Sicily to supply the extensive
manufactories of Chemicals, Acids and Phosphates in this city. The annual
consumption of Brimstone for the above purposes in Baltimore, is about five
thousand tons, all of which it is designed to import direct to this market.

WILLIAM BRIDGES.
WHOLESALE DEALER IN
Foreign Fruits, Nuts, Candies,
HERMETICALLY SEALED FRUITS,
313 WEST BALTIMORE ST.
Baltimore, Md.
CHAS. PRACHT & CO.
STEAM
llHrV 111

Nos. 155 and 157 Franklin Street,
BALTIMOEE.

Its Past History and Present Resources.

141

John Q. Clarke.

William H. Jones.

CANDY MANUFACTURERS,

iHiarair

xFMx^SSSM0.

~JA

iiiiili

I CRACKERS PICHlt'Mif.T •'-''^\ f| *j®5aiwS£l-=s
--"TeC ¦»iii:m JiLLsSiiSis™

AND WHOLESALE DEALERS IN
FOREIGN FRUITS, NUTS, &c.
No. IB Light St., Cor. German,

142 The Monumental City,

The Jobbing Trade.

A.

|HE Jobbing Trade of Baltimore has kept pace with her increasing
U| importance as a commercial and manufacturing city. Its various depart-
V ments, such as Dry Goods, Groceries, Hardware, Notions, Boots and
Shoes, Hats and Caps, Clothing, Books and Stationery, Queensware, Straw
Goods and Millinery, Drugs, &c, &c, are fully up to the standard, and will
compare favorably with those of any other city in this country. As a general
rule these departments are in the hands of old and established Houses, whose
proprietors are among our most highly esteemed and responsible citizens, who
have been educated to their calling, and whose natural tastes and judgment
have been strengthened by the experience of a lifetime, and a thorough
rational application to business. Many branches of the Jobbing Trade not
enumerated above are successfully conducted in this city : and the number of
new establishments and branches of old ones, is a clear indication of the pros
perity of the Trade, as well as the growth of the City. The stock carried by
these Houses embraces full supplies from all the best factories in the United
States, and the choicest selections of goods from foreign countries. The
Lines of Steamers between this City and the Ports of Europe, furnish facilities
for the importation of the most desirable goods at lower rates than at any
other Port. The port charges are lighter, ship supplies cheaper, and the
difficulties in the way of shipping comparatively trifling. Since the estab
lishment of steam communication between Baltimore and Europe, our
merchants engaged in the Jobbing Trade have displayed an energy and
enterprise which command admiration. They make regular trips to Great
Britain, and the continent of Europe for the purchase of goods; and the
articles imported are selected under their own inspection. Baltimore is
largely independent of the Eastern Cities, in her Wholesale Jobbing Trade ;
and bids fair in a short time to compare favorably with New York, as a
distributing market. In each department there are Houses contending for
business, and making of course the most active competition, thus reducing
prices to minimum rates. Her proximity to the South and West, offers
inducements to merchants from those sections, which cannot be lightly
estimated. The trade in Dry Goods, Groceries, Hardware, Clothing, Boots
and Shoes, Hats and Caps, Millinery Goods and Notions is particularly
active ; and the rival Houses engaged spare no pains to make their stock as
full and complete as possible; so that the taste of every section may be
gratified, and favorable prices assured. The Jobbing Trade, comprehending
a large number of important interests, necessitates the employment of a vast

Its Past History and Present Resources.

143

capital, which in this city aggregates many millions of dollars. It is not
unreasonable to infer, that in the near future Baltimore will become the great
reservoir of supplies for the entire South, South- West, and many portions of
the Central- West. Many of the great manufactories of the country have
agencies here, selling at factory prices.
The attractions of Baltimore as a Jobbing centre, are so well-known to the
local Retail Trade, embracing within itself some of the most intelligent
dealers in the country, that they are content to buy at home. The closest
buyers have tried rival markets time and again, without advantage of
prices or termsA Capital, competition, and a thorough knowledge of busi
ness, have accomplished for Baltimore quite as much as for the more
northern Cities. Our City for the quality and variety of goods, is fully
equal to New York; and the market will be found always adequate to
the demand.
Although Baltimore is not so large a market as New York, it is yet larger
than New York formerly was, when it commanded the entire trade of the
country; and sufficiently so, for the general demands of its present trade.
The merchants, in view of the rapidly augmenting trade, have increased their
facilities ; • and \to-day extend all the inducements which can be offered by
any other city in the country.

Chauncey Brooks.

Isaac Thrasher.

JOBBEES IN

No. 346 Baltimore Street,

BALTIMORE.

144 The Monumental City,
William Devries. Christian Devries, of S. William E. Devries. Solomon Kimmell.

as

Wm, Devries & Co., wholesale Dealers in Foreign & Domestic Dry Goods & Notions,
312 W. BALTIMORE ST., (Between Howard and Liberty,) BALTIMORE.

Its Past Histoky and Present Resources.
SHIPE, CLOUD & CO.

145

«i^ira'

Wholesale Dealers in

Foreign

and

Domestic

DRY GOODS

273 W. Baltimore St.
BALTIMORE.

BRUFF, FAULKNER & GO.
Successors to BAKER, BRUFF & CO.
Importers and Wholesale Dealers in
FOREIGN & DOMESTIC

i

JOSEPH E. BRUFF.
ALFRED B. FAULKNER.

BALTIMORE.

146 The Monumental Citt,
HAMILTON EASTER & SONS,
BALTIMORE,
Importers, Jobbers and Retailers
OP
DRY GOODS.

BOTH

gtt ##? )$>*w$tu.

One of the firm spends most of his time in the Capi
tals of Europe, in the selection of Fabrics suited to our
own and the Southern markets, securing thereby the
latest novelties of each season.
We buy and sell exclusively for Cash, and guar
antee as low prices as any House in the country.
Samples of Goods sent by mail on application.
Freight prepaid on purchases at Retail amounting
to $20 and over.

Its Past History and Present Resources. 147

ESTABLISHED 18-3=6.

DANIEL MILLEU & CO.

IMPORTERS AND JOBBERS OF

•

NOTIONS,

WHif i ®##:

•»

329 Baltimore Street,
4^4z G-erman Street.

SOLE IMPORTERS OF THE CELEBRATED BRAND
DANIEL MILLER BLACK ALPACAS

Special inducements to cash or prompt time Buyers.

/

148 The Monumental City,
SILK AND DRESS GOODS HOUSE.

GEORGE H. C. NEAL,
IMPORTER AND

IMPORTER AND JOBBER OP
- -all

WHITE GOODS, LINENS, SHAWLS,
DOMESTICS.
A. LrVE HOUSE.

Corner Baltimore and HoUiday Streets,

Business Established 1816.

CHAS. SIMON & SONS,
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALERS IN

No. 63 NORTH HOWARD STREET,
BALTIMORE.
CHAS. SIMON. HERMAN SIMON. ADOLPH SIMON. EDMUND SIMON. AUGUST SIMON.
W. H. Perkins. Samuel Be van.
PERKINS <fe CO.
22 N. Charles Street, Baltimore,
FAMILY DRY GOODS HOUSE
Offer, at low prices, a large stock of
Ladies' Dress Good, Shawls, Velvets, Beal Laces, Embroideries,
, White Goods, Mourning Goods, Irish Linens, Hosiery,
Gloves, Housekeeping Dry Goods, Men's Wear,
ELEGANT ~F -A. 3ST C "*Z" .A. H T I C L E S .

Its Past Histoky and Present Resources. 149
established i3st 1837.

Samuel Bevan. Wm. A. Williar. Edgar G. Miller.

/(CUiMl

I

IMPORTERS AND JOBBERS IN
nt §o oil t bmkobi
279 Baltimore Street,
B alt imor e.
MAYER «&, BROTHER,
IMPORTERS AND JOBBERS OP
WHITE OOODS
German, English and French Fancy Goods,
BOTIOBS MEW f S1MMI1W,
No. 4 NORTH HOWARD STREET,
Baltimore.
TAYLOR & PRICE,
IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN
SWISS, FRENCH AND NOTTINGHAM CURTAINS,
UPHOLSTERY COODS,
Curtains and Window Shades,
ALL KIND CABINET MAKEES' MATEEIALS,
No. 11 North Charles Street,
BALTIMORE.

150

The Monumental City,

ESTABLISHED IN 1846.

HODGES BROTHERS
S3 Hanover Street,

l^^fftP If jjg^

Direct Importers of British and Continental

! ¦¦!; ¦ » ¦ cm ^ al ¦'!

• •.,ni !¦».-] vi .-
ii. ' Iblb.'1

iiii;

And every description of

mmm

«f«»lw

1

H

ALSO,

MiifSP

!§««

White Goods, Handkerchiefs, Shawls,
Laces, Hosiery, Underwear,
Gloves, Umbrellas
and Parasols,
Together with a large and well assorted stock of

Gentlemen's Furnishing Goods
AND NOTIONS GENERALLY.

One of our firm, having made purchasing trips to Europe, semi-annually
for nineteen years, and buying all our domestic goods for cash, we have great
confidence in assuring the Trade that our Foreign and American business is
on a footing that defies competition. Merchants, not dealing with us, are
invited to make our acquaintance when they next visit Baltimore. Our stock
can be examined without much labor, as the use of steam elevators renders
the ascent of staircases unnecessary.

151

Its Past History and Present Resources.
HURST, FURNELL & GO.
Importers and Wholesale Dealers in
American, English, German and French
ill ^%%BB,
White ®®@1® mmik Settras,
No. 241 Baltimore Street,

J E. HURST,
L. B. PUE.VELL,
A. MADDUX,
L. L. JACKSON*.

BALTIMORE.

JOHNSON, SUTTON & GO.

IMPORTERS AND JOBBERS OF
inn
No. 296 Baltimore Street,
AJVD
No. 1 N. Liberty Street,
BALTIMORE.

Offer special advantages to cash and short time buyers.

152

The Monumental City,

IMPORTEKS AND DEALERS IN
WHITE GOODS, NOTIONS,
TRIMMINGS, HOSIERY,
GLOVES and SMALL WARES,
268 W. Baltimore Street,
BALTIMORE.

MANUFACTURERS AGENTS FOR AND IMPORTERS OF

White Goods,

S.H.BROSTUS.

315 BALTIMORE STREET,
BALTIMORE.
SILAS BROSIUS. A. W. FITZHUGH. S.B.H06PMAN.

153
mo.

The Monumental City, Its Past HibTORY, Etc.
ESTABLISHED  IMPORTERS,
W. MALLINCKRODT & SON,
22 GERMAN STREET,
BALTIMORE,
Cloths, Doeskins and Cassimeres.
Robert Moore & Bro.

IMPORTERS AND JOBBERS OF

3$3g§i

tm I

sa-Ssi

KK, J*R» SfEmt offlESl ,9s

41® YlSTHffiS,
No. 233 BALTIMORE STREET,
BALTIMORE.

JOHN A. GRIFFITH & CO.

Importers and Manufacturers of

[I

J

I

Baltimore, 249 W. Baltimore Street.
Cincinnati, cor. Fourth and Walnut Sts.

Henry Bogne-

Kobt. If. Bogue.

i«:

N. E. eor. Charles & Baltimore Sts. 54 Sixth Street,
BALTIMORE, PITTSBURGH,
IMPORTERS OF
Cloths, Doeskins, Worsted Serges, Drapd' Etes,
SILK SERGES & SATINS DE CHINES, VELVETS, ITALIANS,
.A.nd all Kinds of Tailors' Trimmings.

154

The Monumental City,
WM. P. MA6EE,
No. 60 North Eutaw St., Baltimore,
IMPORTER OF
LHSTEISTS, HOSIEEY,
AND
GENTLEMEN'S FURNISHING GOODS,
MANUFACTURER of
Shirts, Cuffs, Collars, Drawers and Undershirts.
TO ORDER OR READY MADE. STEAM MADE BOSOMS,

Great Inducements to Wholesale Trade.

IIS
Importers, Manufacturers and Dealers in
Saddlery Hardware & Coach Furniture
OILS, PAINTS, VARNISHES, IRON AND STEEL,
HORSE COVERS, LAP RUGS AND FLT NETS.

DEPOT AND BALTIMORE AGENTS FOR
Henry's Patent One Plate Springs,
Sheldon's Archimedian Axles,
Brinton & Johnson's Philadelphia Axle Works,
Btirdick's Punch, Shear and Iron Shrinker,
Taylorville Spoke Works,
Saddle Trees, Bits,Stirups &c,
DEPOT FOIR.
Dolls' Hub Boxing Machines and Drills, Bellow's Patent Creasers and
Trace Raisers, Perkin's Patent Hair Beaters, Seitzes' Baltimore
Wagon Hames, Manheim's Pressed Harness Loops,
Wilcox & Smith's 5th Wheels and Shackles.
338 Baltimore Street, between Hoivard and Eutaw,
BALTIMOEE.

ESTABLISHED 18S3.

ALLEN PAINE, SON & CO.
IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN

»

m

Mill Ii

IRON AND STEEL,
No. 2 SOUTH LIBERTY STREET,

B-A-Ij T 1 3VE O "RE .

Its Past History akd Present Resources.
R. B. PORTER & SON,
DEALERS IN

155

ISAB&I&f&lB

ilrlllklJ

'§

R. b. porter.
B. B. PORTER.

L S. CHAELES ST.
Baltimore.

POULTNEY, TRIMBLE & CO.
§mnrzM

IJHF> OUTERS

i e

FOREIGN FANCY GOODS,
200 W. BALTIMORE ST.

y. G. Pennimnn. .Toltn H. Daniel.
Francis Albert. *X. A. Clarltson.
PENNIMAN & BRO.
Importers & Wholesale Sealers
iy
FOREIGN

1. F. Cirlin. II. 0. Fulton. J. F. Eridentaugk.
Carlin& Fulton,

IMPORTERS OF

AND

Oi

DOMESTIC ^
pi(A

o

NO. 10 NORTH HOW* ARD ST.,
BALTIMORE.

fibam
Special Attention <<iivon to Orders.

156 The Monumental City,
HARDWARE
COMMISSION HOUSE.

Illi III wm. MmmMmw

s?ty c

^«1« 'HI «a^*«^^
Nos. 23 and 25 South Charles Street,
BALTIMORE,
Manufacturers' Agents for the Sale of
Chesapeake Nail Works' Best Cut Nails and Spikes,
Mallory, Wheeler & Co.'s Locks, Knobs and Pad-Locks,
Stanley Rule and Level Co.'s Rules, Levels, Squares, &c.
R. Mann's Superior Axes,
American Butt Co.'s Hinges, &c.
Naylor & Co.'s Best Cast Steel,
Newton Nail Rods,
Plymouth Tack Co.'s Tacks and Nails,
Savery's Enamelled and Tinned Ware.
ALSO HEADQUARTERS FOR
American Screw Company's Screws,
Disston's Saws,
Ames & Rowland's Shovels and Spades,
Moss & Gamble's Files,
Baltimore Standard Blacksmiths' Bellows,
Stewart's Iron Wire and Galvanized Wire,
Ohio Tool Co.'s Planes,
AND A GENERAL ASSORTMENT OF
AMERICAN HARDWARE.

Its Past History and Present Resources.

157

SAM'L G. B. COOK,
Hardware Manufacturers' Agent,
BALTIMOBE,
Representing the following Manufacturers :

Branford Lock Works,
Door Locks, Knobs, &c.
A. Field & Sons,
Tacks, Shoe Nails, etc.
Sanseer Mfg. Co's Plate Locks,
Roy & Co's Wrought
Hinges.
Clark's, Lull & Por
ter's, and II u Iter's
Pat. Blind Hinges.
Chattillon's Balances

Carr, Crawley & Devlin,
Building & Cabinet Hardware.
William McNiece,
Hand, Panel, Rip & other Saws.
Abbes Gong Door Bells.
Peck Bros. Brass
Cocks.
Fenn's Faucets and
Cork Stops.
Mersereau's Stair
Rods.

United States Screw Co's American Screws.

Douglass Manufac'g Co's
Chisels, Gauges, Drawing
Knives, Augers, Bitts, Gim-
blets, Boring Machines, etc.
Cook's Patent Augers & Bitts.
Chapin's Rules, Levels, Gauges, &c.
Bridgeport Brass Co's
Sheet Brass, Copper Wire,
Copper and Iron Rivets.

Ives & Co's
Patent Hollow Augers, Tap
Borers, Braces, Augers
and Bitts.
"Continental" & "Great Amer
ican" Horse Nails.
"A No. 1 Anchor" Sad Irons.
Hartje, Wiley & Co's
Enamelled Kettles and Sauce
pans.
C. S. Planters' Hoes.

AND A PULL ASSORTMENT OP
Shelf and Heavy Hardware
FOR SALE AT MANUFACTURERS' PRICES.

158 The Monumental City, Its Past Histoky, Etc.
TAYLOR'S
HATS, FURS AND UMBRELLAS,
Opposite Barnum's Hotel,

R. Q. TAYLOR,
WM. W. PRRTZVAN,
G. B. S. LANSDOWNE.

Millinery.

|HE Millinery business of Baltimore is one of her leading industries. In
addition to the domestic goods manufactured in this city, and other sec
tions of the United States, large quantities of the choicest goods are
imported from abroad for this market. The largest House in the country,
and perhaps the oldest, is located in this city. It was established in 1813,
and by enterprise and prudence, has developed into its present proportions.
The Firm occupies four buildings, two as warehouses and two for the trans
action of its daily business. The clerical force of the establishment numbers
seventy-two persons, in addition to which, seventy females are employed (in
the Work Rooms) in the manufacture of Millinery. White Goods, an interest
which is largely represented in many of our leading Jobbing Houses, has
been made an especial feature of their business. In connection with this
Establishment, is a Firm, engaged Extensively in the manufacture of Ladies'
Hats, &c. These hats are made exclusively for the Millinery Establishment
mentioned above, and during the months of March, April, May, June, Sep
tember, and October, one hundred females are constantly engaged in their
manufacture. It will thus be seen that a single establishment in our city for
the manufacture and sale of Millinery, and the sale of White Goods, gives
employment during the greater portion of the year to two hundred and fifty
•persons. Their importations are very large; two Buyers, one for the White
Goods Department, and the other for the Millinery, being employed for the
selection and purchase of foreign goods ; and only such as are superior in
quality and design to those manufactured in our own country are offered to
the Trade in this city. The Southern trade with Baltimore in this branch of
industry is very great; while of late years, extensive connections have been
formed with the West, and a heavy business is done in the States of Ohio,
Indiana, Kentucky, Kansas, and Missouri.

¦SB

STRONG CATOK & CO.

SILK & STRAW GOODS

SILKS & RIBBONS

:|^^ir(OMlWiIi^M

S'l'KAW &OODSJ

IMPOKTEKS AM» )H,\,l,FpHll<Il.lb

Ribbons, Millinery and Straw Goods, White Goods,
LIB ENS, LAOES, EMBROIDERIES, HANDKERCHIEFS, &c. t
Orders solicited and promptly executed.
237 & 239 BALTIMORE ST., BALTIMORE.

Win. !>. Barrett. Jesse T. Higrgins.
BARRETT & HIGGIItfS,
M AND F ACTU RERS AND JOBBERS OF
HATS, CAPS, STRAW GOODS AND LADIES' FURS,
244 West Baltimore Street, BALTIMORE.

The Monumental City, Its Past History, Etc. 161

The Shoe and Leather Trade.
IHE Shoe and Leather Trade of Baltimore is one of immense and daily
increasing importance. Few persons in our midst are aware of its mag
nitude. It is authoritatively stated, that this interest is the largest after
that of Agriculture, in America ; the exhibit of official statistics placing it
thirty-three per centum above those of cotton and wool combined. For many
years New England, comparatively speaking, monopolized the trade in this
country, and of late years Philadelphia acquired quite a reputation for fine
work, in so much, that Southern and Western buyers were attracted to that
city, to make their purchases of fancy goods. The Trade has recently under
gone a very decided change in this regard. Tanneries have multiplied rapidly
in Maryland, and factories for the manipulation of their products, have in
creased in corresponding ratio in our city. The Line of Steamers established
between this Port and Boston, and known as the " Boston and Baltimore
Steamship Company," has had much to do with this rapid increase in the
trade; but the sagacity and energy of the gentlemen who have embraced this
branch of business, have been the main springs of its prosperity. There are
at present in Baltimore twenty-six wholesale Manufactories, working thirty-
one McKay machines, each machine making from two hundred and fifty to
three hundred pairs of Shoes per day, and arrangements are now being made to
organize several new factories on a large scale. During the past year, great
improvements have been made in the style and quality of the goods manufac
tured here. Southern and Western buyers need no longer go to Philadelphia,
to obtain their supplies. As fine and stylish Shoes are made in Baltimore, as
can be produced anywhere in the country; and this fact has come to the
knowledge of the trade throughout the South and West, who are already dis
playing an appreciation of it, by resorting to this market to make their
purchases. The terms obtained here, are as favorable as can be secured
anywhere else in America. As an evidence of the solid growth of the trade,
it may be as well to mention, that not a single failure has ever occurred
among the manufacturers, and those who have begun with small capital, and
very meagre stock, have been encouraged to enlarge their sphere of operations,
and enter into competition with old and established Houses. About three
years ago the Baltimore Shoe and Leather Board of Trade was established,
and its influence has been very beneficial to the growth of this branch of
industry. It has endeavored to bring about a proper state of feeling between
the laborer and capitalist, and ward off, the strikes, so destructive to the true
interests of any business, and in the main it has been successful. The officers
of the Shoe and Leather Association are as follows: President, Henry C.
Smith; Vice Presidents, Jas Carey, Geo. J. Appold, T. J. Magruder, Wm. F.
Larrabee; Becording Secretary, E. S. Allnutt; Corresponding Secretary,
Arthur P. Baer; Treasurer, Wm. T. Dixon.

162 The Monumental City,
The manufacture of Boots and Shoes gives employment to at least four
thousand persons, the average weekly salary being $22 for men, and $12 for
women and girls. The Rubber trade, a branch of the Shoe business, has
assumed large proportions. From a statement of the President of the
Shoe and Leather Board of Trade, we give the following statistics for 1872:
Sales of boots and shoes by jobbers and retailers  $8,500,000
Rubbers sold  500,000
Manufacturers  6,600,000
Auction sales  '.  500,000
$16,100,000
Sales of leather about  3,000,000
Sales of hides  1,256,000

$20,356,000

Most of the Leather (over two-thirds of the hides) is tanned in Maryland,
and one-third is consumed by the factories of Baltimore, while a very large
amount is exported to New York city, Philadelphia, Rochester and other
places. The rapid growth of the trade, made necessary about two years ago the
addition by the Baltimore and Boston Steamship Company, of another first-
class Steamer to their Line, making in all six fine Steamers plying between
this Port and Boston ; and these having been found insufficient to accomodate
the rapidly increasing trade between' these two Ports, another splendid
Steamer has been ordered, and will be ready for the line by the first of Sep
tember, 1873. As was said above, the gentlemen engaged in this branch of
business by their high character, and substantial position in the community,
are a sufficient guarantee to purchasers from abroad, that they will receive
here, what they buy, and at prices which compare favorably with those else
where offered.

TUCKER, SMITH & CO.
Manufacturers and Wholesale Dealers in

W. A. tucker,
H C. SMITH.
S. B SPKaGINS.

250 Baltimore Street,
BALTIMORE.

Its Past History and Present Resources.

163

164

The Monumental City,

DEVRIES, YOUNG & CO.
WILLIAM DEVRIES,
ALEXANDER YOUNG,
S. K. G. DEVRIES.
WHOLESALE
BOOTS AND SHOES
310 W. Baltimore Street,
BALTIMORE, MD.
We invite the Trade to an examination of our stock, which consists
principally of warranted work, made by best factories at home and abroad.
Satisfaction guaranteed.

CHAUNCEY BROOKS.
DAVID G. ROGERS.

WILLIAM F. CLAUTICE.
ADORAM PHELPS.

BROOKS, ROGERS & CO.

WHOLESALE DEALERS IN

jpiwwpi m

346 BALTIMORE ST.

Baltimore.

Its Past History and Present Resources.

165

JNO. J. & S. J. HURST,
WHOLESALE DEALERS IN

286 W. BALTIMORE STREET,
Nearly Opposite Sharp Street, B All T I.DU.OjEvXj.
FRANK F. HORNER & GO.
wholesale:
RUBBER GOODS, ETC.
343 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, Md,
PERRY, CLARK& CO.
MANUFACTURERS OF
WOMEN'S, MISSES' & CHILDREN'S
Machine and Hand-Made Shoes.
With capacity and facilities for making One Thousand pairs of Shoes daily, we are enabled
to fill orders promptly.
EST A.BLISHE3D IN 1843,
Thirty years' practical experience enables us to produce Stylish, Substantial Goods, that will
give satisfaction to the consumer, and reputation to the dealer.
PERRY, CLARK. & CO., 9 N. Charles St., Baltimore.
RUSSELL & ALGER,

MANUFACTURERS AND WHOLESALE DEALERS IN
mmm mm wm

No, 25 SOUTH HOWARD ST., (New Building,)'

BENJAMIN RUSSELL, I „ „„ „. _ . „
P. R. ALGEE, } General Partners.
JAMES A. GARY, Special Partner.

«1

}%

5®

166

The Monumental City,
LA.-R-R,a.BEE,s BLOCK.

E. LARRABEE & SONS,

WUOL,E&*ftL,m

Lmr J p

yj' M.M, i

lilJjf. :,

AND
IMBI1
iN'O. >© fl. CALVERT STREET,
BALVIUOBB.

Its Past History and Present Resources. 167
john d. hammond. henhy a. anthony.
JOHN D. HAMMOND & CO.
SADDLE, HARNESS, TRUNK
AND
Collar Manufacturers,

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL.
361 West Baltimore Street,
(Opposite the "Eutaw House,11)
BALTIMOEE.

ROBT. IiAWSON <£ CO.
MANUFACTURERS OF
SADDLES, HARNESS, TRUNKS & COLLARS,
ALSO, DEALERS IN
Robes, Horse Covers, Whips, Traveling Bags, &c.
N. B. — We are largely engaged in manufacturing
BUGGY SADDLES.
No. 277 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore.

219 WEST BALTIMORE STREET, BALTIMORE,
Manufacturers' Agent, Importer and Dealer in

¦m

lm w

s Was v.v

Of every description. Also,

fliP^

Cotton and Woolen Factory Supplies. Leather and Rubber Machine Belting,
Hose and Packing?, Patent Lace "Leather, Rubber Roots, Shoes and
Clothing:, Elastic Stockings and Knee-taps. English Table
Oil Cloths, Umbrellas, Trunks and Traveling Bags.

J. C. BALDERSTO.V.

J. H. WARD.

BALDERSTON, WARD & CO.

il A I

AGENTS

»JQ

"MeCREERY BUILDING,"

Baltimore.

168 The Monumental City,
Maryland Life Insurance Co.

No. 10 South Street, Baltimore.

Paper

%MONG the many interests that have rapidly developed of late years in our
K city, may be mentioned the manufacture and sale of Paper. Fifteen years
ago but one or two paper-mills were in operation in the State, while
$200,000 would probably have covered the capital invested in its production
and sale. To-day the capital employed in this branch of industry, will not
fall far short of $4,000,000, and the gentlemen engaged in it are among our
most substantial and reliable citizens. Numbers of mills have been established
along the streams accessible from Baltimore. Large numbers of operatives
are employed, and nearly all the different varieties of paper known to the
Trade, are manufactured as cheaply and of as good quality as at any similar
establishments in the country. In fact, with the exception of .the finest kinds
of writing paper, paper of any grade manufactured in our own State, can be
bought in Balimore at as low prices as in any city in America, and the large
wholesale dealers are ready to guarantee the statement. Straw wrapping
Paper that originally came exclusively from New York is now manufactured
in such quantities by our wholesale dealers, as to render the home market
entirely independent. Straw-Print, Eag-Print, No. 2 Book, No. 1 Super, are
all staple productions of the mills; and several large establishments are now
engaged in the manufacture of bogus Manilla and No. 1 Manilla. In the
single article of Printing-paper, upwards of 50,000 pounds are manufactured
daily in this State. Indeed in the manufacture of Book and Printing paper,
New York is made to pay tribute to our city. The mills engaged in supplying
the wholesale dealers in Baltimore, are extensive, and fitted with the most
costly and thoroughly improved modern machinery. They are located upon
streams immediately adjacent to the different lines of Eailroad leading to the
city. The location of Baltimore is favorable to an indefinite expansion of
their numbers, as the demands of the trade increase. For the finer grades of
Writing-paper, agencies are established in this city by the manufacturers, and
such goods can be purchased here at factory prices. Paper is now sent from
Baltimore to all parts of the country, and the limits of the trade are enlarging
every day.
In addition to the above, the finest classes of French and German Paper
are imported to this city, and distributed to all sections of the United
States.

Its Past History and Present Eesources. 169
paper of every description made to order.

DATID W. GLASS.

MARCUS W..WOLF.

DAVID W. GLASS & CO.
PBOPRIBTOES, BRAKTDS,
CONGRESS, CAPITOL, OLD DOMINION AND MONUMENTAL MILLS
WAW
7, 9 & 11 SHARP STREET, BALTIMORE.
128 N. FBONT STBSET, PHILADELPHIA. AU orders addressed to Baltimore, receive prompt attention.

J. WHEELWRIGHT.

G. A. DOBLER.

E. T. MUDGE.

WHEELWRIGHT, MUDGE & CO.
m

"WHOLES -A-TLB

AND MANUFACTURERS OF
BOOK AND NEWS PAPER,
ALL GRADES, SIZED AND UNSIZED,
S. E. Corner Sharp and Lombard Sts., Baltimore.
JOHN A. DUSHANE,
MANUFACTURER OF AND DEALER IN

Of Every Description,
!N"o. -40 South, diaries St., Baltimore.
 »-?« 
§00k mft Ifctos faprs a Spnltg, an& Ifa&c ta (SBrte at Styrct Dfoifoe.

JOHN CUSHING.

JACOB H. MEDAIRY.

GUSHING & MEDAIRY,

No. 6 N. HOWARD STREET,
Opposite the Howard House, BALTIMOEE.
BLANK BOOKS MADE TO ORDER IN ANY STYLE.
il

170

The Monumental City,

WM. J. C. DULANY & GO.
WHOLESALE JOBBERS IN

AND ALL KINDS OF
WRITING AND WRAPPING PAPERS,
332 WEST BALTIMORE STREET, BALTIMORE.

SOLE PROPRIETORS OP THE CELEBRATED

2H|, M

&m,&m

mw&

Put up in handsomely Lithographed Boxes (Six to the Gross.) The most
desirable Pen to Retail yet manufactured.
A handsome Lithographic Picture of General Lee accompanies each Gross.
PRICE $1.

PUBLISHERS OF THE NEW
School History of the United States,
BY
J. S. BLACKBURN and W. N. McDONALD,
Principal Alexandria Sigh School, Va. Principal Male High School, Louisville, Ky.
One Volume, 12mo, 510 pp., Cloth, $1.75.
AND
BLACKBURN & JlcDOS ,'AI.»'S
GRAMMAR SCHOOL HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES.
One Volume, 12mo, 225 pp., Cloth, $1.25.
These Boohs are largely used in the Public Schools, and many of the best
Private Schools in the United States.

LIBERAL TERMS FOR INTRODUCTION.

Its Past Histoky and Present Resources.

171

METHODIST EPISCOPAL BOOK DEPOSITORY,
122 W. FAYETTE STREET, BALTIMORE.
Have constantly on band a large and varied stock of
THEOLOGICAL
AJTD
Sunday School Library

The Latest and Best from all the Publishers.
BIBLES, HYMN BOOKS,
POCKET BOOKS,
ALBUMS, CHROMOS,
French, English & American Stationery,
MUSIC, REWARDS, REQUISITES,
Church and Sunday School Papers,
Everything, in fact, necessary for the complete outfit of
the Sunday School and the Church. We guarantee satis
faction and furnieh all the above at New York prices.
Address,
D. H. CARROLL, Agent.

Turnbull Brothers,
8 N. CHARLES ST.
BALTIMOEE,
Importers, Publishers, Booksellers & Stationers
Dealers in Books in Every Department of Literature,
Publishers of Standard Works,
Importers of Fine Stationery,
Manufacturers of Blank Books and Commercial Stationery.
lithographing -a. specialty.
Check Books, Drafts, &c, Neatly Executed,
Our House is represented abroad by skillful and experienced buyers, who
keep us constantly supplied with the choicest and most elegant works of the
Foreign Press.
Our facilities for furnishing PUBLIC LIBRARIES
are unsurpassed, and our prices are the lowest.
Correspondence solicited.

172

The Monumental City,

CUSHINGS k BAILEY,
Publishers, Booksellers and Stationers,
No. 262 Baltimore Street, Baltimore.

BOOKS.
Keep constantly on hand a large stock of Books, embracing
School Books, Law Books, Medical Books,
Scientific Books, Agricultural Books, Theological Books,
Miscellaneous Books, Bibles, Prayer Books,
Hymn Books of every Denomination,
Children's Books, Toy Books.
STATIONERY,
For Dealers, Banks, Insurance Companies, Counting
Souses, Associations, JVewspaper Offices, Printers,
Binders, Lawyers, Physicians, Clergymen,
Brokers, Schools, Families, Rail Roads,

Papers, Envelopes,
Lead Pencils,
Slates and Slate Pencils,
Inks, Inkstands,
Paper Weights,
Eulers,
Erasers, Penknives,Portfolios,Pens, Clips,
Mathemat'l Instruments,
Cash Boxes,

INCLUDING
Post Office Boxes,
Bill Head Boxes,
Eeference Files,
Copying Presses,
Copying Books,
Copying Brushes,
Oil Paper,
Blotting Paper,
Pocket Books, Games,
Photograph Albums,
Newspaper Piles,
Calendars,

Memorandum Books,
Pass Books, Twine,
Pen Holders,
Copy Books,
Books of Notes,
Drafts, Checks,
Mucilage, Sealing "Wax,
Tags, Wrapping Papers,
Diaries, Shears,
Stamping Machines,
Check Cancellers,
&c, &c, &c.

BLANK BOOKS OF EVERY SIZE, QUALITY AND BINDING.

Its Past History and Present Resources. 173
PAPER, STATIONERY, &c.
Blank Book Manufactory.
JOHN MI. MILLER <£ CO.
325 BALTIMORE STREET,
S, W. eor. Baltimore and Howard Sts., *p A T TTIVTm? P
Keep on hand a large and well assorted stock of
Cap, Letter, Note, Legal and Wrapping Papers,
BONNET BOARDS, WINDOW SHADES,
J|ttk9, plates, %ttd ||ens, pencils, ffiolir Bens,
And every variety of Stationery for Counting- Rooms and Country Merchants.
BLANK BOOKS of all descriptions constantly on hand or made to order
Tor Banks, Corporations, or Business Firms.
RAGS purchased for cash or exchanged for Goods.
John M. Miller. Hiram D. Musselman.
ESTABLISHED I2KT 1840.

THE BALTIMORE NEWS CO.
SUN IRON BUILDING, 1 ti a t TTMnttF
Cor. Baltimore and South Streets, / JJALlllIlUllJ]J.
Wholesale and Retail Dealers in all articles which form the
Booksellers', Stationers' and News Sealers' Stock.
 1 • ¦ i 
We keep on hand a full line of the Publications of all the New York, Boston
and Philadelphia Houses, and sell at Publishers' lowest prices.
STATIONERY GOODS.— A full stock always on hand, including Papers,
Pens, Inks, Pen Holders, Lead and Slate Pencils, Blank Books, Playing
Gards, Envelopes, Slates, Toy Books, Games, Albums, Portfolios, Writing
Desks, and all the New Novelties, &c, &c.
INITIAL PAPERS a Specialty.
Trade List, containing lists of NEWSPAPERS, MAGAZINES, and other
information of value to Dealers sent free on application. Send your orders to
The Baltimore News Co.
Sun Iron Building, Baltimore.

^mio^'

161 W. BALTIMORE ST.. BALTIMORE.

-W—^S-o-SS  1*—-

SOUTHERN DEPOT FOE
BANK, RAILROAD AND OFFICE STATIONERY.

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*H *3
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CT3

OO

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i£ Z<
cn

Si

cx
o>-3>-3
tt
B hS
g RB.fc

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Employ the be^t *worla*qen, ti$e the be^t rqktefikl ; kqd
dkq doinpete ^udde^fully Avith, h,ny hou^e in the doiuqti'y, in
yprlde kqd quhlity of wofk. H^s'tunMes' dh,eef fully iqkde. ^
SEND for CATALOGUE and SAMPLES of WORK.

/

The Monumental City, Its Past History, EtO. 175
shut, fm *& m.
Printers, Publishers, Booksellers, Stationers
-A-TSTID IMPOKTERS,
174 WEST BALTIMOEE STREET, BALTIMOEE.
Jobbers anir Retailers of ^cliool anb itfisccUancous looks.
BOOK AND JOB PRINTING IN ALUTS BRANCHES.
BLANK BOOKS MADE TO ORDER IN THE BEST MANNER.
PUBLISHERS OF
Newell & Creery's Series of Spellers and Readers,
Used in the Public Schools of Baltimore City.
Irving' s Series of School Catechisms.
Gen. F. H. Smith's Series of Mathematical Books,
Used in the Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Va.
THE CATHOLIC MIRROR,
Official Organ of the Archbishop of Baltimore, and of the Bishops of Richmond, Wheeling,
Wilmington and Vic. Apost. of North Carolina.
A First-Class Family Newspaper Published every Saturday.
TERMS.— Invariably in Advance.— $3.00 per Year; Six Months, $1.50; Four Months, $1.00.
CLUB RATES.— 2 Copies, $5.00 ; 3 Copies, $7.00 ; 4 Copies, $9.00 ; 5 Copies, $10.00.
Any Book, no matter where published, if to be had, can be procured by ordering from
 KELLY, PIET & CO., Baltimore.
PEMBROKE SCHOOL FOR BOYS AND YOUNG MEN,
Nos. 187, 189 & 191 MADISON AVENUE, BALTIMORE,
A SELECT

iisrsTiTTJTioasr."
Prof. JAMES 0. KINEAE, A. M., Principal,
Aided by Six Professors of established reputation.
Advantages and Accommodations for Boarding and Day Students Unequalled.
COMPLETE CY-I.VASIl'-I AKD EXTENSIVE PlATGROtNI).
Session opens Second Monday in September and closes June 20th.
For CIRCULARS, with Details and References, apply as above.
Artists', Drawing and Wax Flower Materials.
KELLINGER & CO.
No. 6 NORTH CHARLES STREET, BALTIMORE,
Keep in stock a large and complete, assortment of
Artists', Drawing, Gilders', Grainers,' Prescoers, Coach & Sign Painters' Materials
OF BEST MAKES.
OIL PAINTINGS, ENGRAVINGS, CHROMOS, LITHOGRAPHS, PHOTOGRAPHS
IN LARGE VARIETY.
Wax Flower Materials, French Glass Shades,
Decalcomania or Transfer Pictures.
All of which are offered to the trad* at lowest prices, and all orders shall have prompt attention.

176 The Monumental City,

Paper Bags.

|HE manufacture of Paper Bags is of recent origin. Only a few years
ago they were unknown, and dealers seemed content to wrap their goods
and wares in the old-fashioned paper bundles. But American genius,
which contemplates convenience, as well as principles of science and me
chanics, applied itself to the comfort of store-keepers and customers, with
complete success. The Paper Bag now* universally used, is an indispensable
requisite to the business, and the economy of home. The most perfect Bag
in use, is the invention of an American Lady. The machine which cuts, pre
pares, folds, and pastes the bag with the square ends is her invention; for
which she should receive the daily thanks of sellers and buyers.
All articles designed for shipment or transportation, or home consumption,
are packed neatly in appropriate bags ; hence their manufacture has become a
very extensive interest, and some of our largest Houses have made a specialty
of them, with an invested capital of upwards of $250,000. The demand for
them increases proportionately with growth of business, and during the past
year we manufactured about one hundred millions, the sales of which amounted
to $400,000, requiring about 800 tons of paper. A large portion of these
were shipped to New York ; and great quantities sold to the South and West,
besides those used at home. On account of the great facilities which Balti
more possesses for the manufacture of Paper, and Paper-Bags, its Paper
mills, which line'the never failing streams of Maryland, its exhaustless stores
of raw-material, and the cheapness of labor, render it the best market for
the supply of this indispensable Paper Package.

Cotton.
tHE Cotton Trade of Baltimore, is a growing interest. For many years
little was done in this great Staple, but the increased facilities for ship-
-r ment to this Port, the enterprise and thrift of the men engaged in the
trade, and the admirable system of warehouse storage recently introduced,
have given an impetus to the Cotton business which promises to make it a
very powerful auxiliary to the commercial prosperity of our city. A Cotton
Exchange has lately been established, which publishes a daily Market State
ment, and in many ways facilitates trade in this important branch of industry.
Its officers are Messrs. George P. Tiffany, President; Geo. E. Gaither Jr.,-
Vice-President; Jos. S. Whedbee, Treasurer; Fred'k. G. Whelan, Secretary;
and its members are gentlemen of the highest standing and excellence in the
community. The receipts of Cotton for the present year have greatly
exceeded those of any similar period in the past; and the demand for expor-

Its Past History and Present Resources.

177

tation, and for home consumption, by the immense factories in and around
our city for the manufacture of Cotton Duck and the lighter Cotton goods,
leaves no doubt of the very rapid increase of the trade in the future. The
system of warehouse storage established in 1867 under a charter from
the State of Maryland by a number of our leading capitalists, is superior
perhaps in perfection of detail and security, to that of any city
in the country. Some of our leading merchants are engaged in the
Cotton business, and they can now advance money on consignments with
security to themselves, and their patrons. When the Cotton reaches this port,
it can be stored at comparatively little expense in the vast reservoirs of the
Company, where it may remain for a mere trifle, until a favorable opportunity
offers for its disposal. In the meantime cotton-certificates are issued by the
Baltimore Warehouse Company, incorporated 1867, which can be transferred
as other negotiable securities. The capital of the company is $1,000,000, and
the flattering auspices under which it was inaugurated leaves no doubt of its
success in the future and its beneficial influence upon the Cotton trade of our
city. In connection with the Cotton trade of Baltimore, a Cotton- Press has
been established, with all the modern improvements in machinery, and with
a capacity sufficient to accommodate the wants of the trade for many years to
come. From data before us and for reasons which have been repeatedly urged,
we think it safe to say, that Baltimore is destined in the future to become one
of the great Cotton marts of the world.

ED WD. T. KOBRTS.

svmmmbfieTjD haTjDwin.

WAEEEN COTTON MILLS, WAEEEN, BALTIMOEE COUNTY, MD.

NORRIS & BALDWIN, AGENTS, DRY GOODS COMMISSION MERCHANTS,
ISTO. 28 SHARP STREET, BALTIMORE.

178 The Monumental City,
ALBERTON COTTON MILLS,

manufacturers of the well known
Alberton Standard
SHEETINGS and DRILLS.
Alberton and Kentucky 7-8 and 4-4
OSNABURGS.
Alberton and Sagouan 28, 36 and 40 inch
TWILLS.
Western Star 29 and 40 inch
DUCK,
For Tents and Wagon Covers.
Baltimore 28 i inch
DUCK.
Alberton 40 inch Striped
BAGGING.
Alberton Blue and Brown
DENIMS.
Alberton Blue, Green and Fancy Colors,
AWNING STRIPES.
Cotton Warps, Carpet Chains, &c.

OFFICE, 24 GERMAN STREET,
BALTIMORE.

cn 2^-

-_-
QAUo[fi HSCDH «fi -«! !H03
OH
CD}— I
w

-4
Ph

DRUID MILLS, BALTIMORE COUNTY, MD. GAMBRILL, SONS & CO.
OFFICE, No. 41 LOMBARD STREET.

180 The Monumental City,
SAVAGE MANUFACTURING CO.
HOWARD COUNTY, MD.
Owners, WM. H. BALDWIN, JR. & CO.
Selling Agents, WOODWARD, BALDWIN & C0.{ j^J^*'
LAUREL MANUFACTURING CO.
LAUREL, PRINCE GEORGE'S COUNTY, MD.
GEORGE P. TIFFANY, President. RnR,T PH rftw cIinppin,t
EDWARD TIFFANY, Secretary. R0B T PILS0N* Supermt.
LAUREL D 4-4 STANDARD SHEETINGS,
Do. H 4-4 MEDIUM Do.
CHASE, STEWART & CO., Baltimore and New York Selling Agents.
Cotton Duck.

JRIOR to 1839 all or nearly all the Cotton Duck manufactured in this
country was made by the Passaic and Phoenix Mills in Paterson, New
Jersey, and the exorbitant prices demanded by these monopolists, did
much to check the trade in this article. To-day, two- thirds of the Duck made
in the United States is manufactured in the vicinity of Baltimore, and the above
mentioned mills have discontinued its production. In the year 1839 the
property known as the Old White Hall Flouring Mill, on Jones' Falls, was
purchased by one of our distinguished citizens and converted into a Cotton
Factory. The enterprize prospered, and in 1843 the Woodberry Factory was
built, and its capacity doubled in 1845. The Mount Vernon Factory was
constructed at the same time. The Old White Hall was burnt in 1852, and
the Clipper Mill, a factory of great capacity, was erected on its site with such
expedition, that it was in running order six months after the conflagration.
This mill was destroyed by fire in 1866, but subsequently rebuilt, and its
capacity doubled. The Druid Mill was commenced in 1865, and enlarged in
1872. The latter is at present the largest Cotton Duck Mill in the country.
In addition, there are now at work in the vicinity of Woodberry, the Mount

Its Past Histoky and Present Resources. 181
Vernon Factory No. 2, the Park Mill, and the Washington Factory, all
engaged in the manufacture of Cotton Duck.
Of course the war had a depressing effect upon the production of this com
modity. Our domestic mills were cut off from their Southern supply of the
raw material — Cotton advanced fabulously in price, and Russian and English
looms for the time practically supplied the market. In 1866, the price of
cotton fell rapidly — the new crop from the South was brought to the factories,
and since that time foreign goods have almost been driven from the market.
The process through which the raw material passes before it is converted
into Duck may be interesting to our readers. The cotton is first cleaned by
machinery, and after seeds, lumps and dirt are removed, it is transferred to
carding machines, which perform, on an immense scale, the operation which
was formerly slowly effected by hand. It passes thence through several
machines, by which the roll of fibres is gradually reduced in size, and becomes
at last a firm, fine thread. A number of these are then twisted together, to
make a cord of sufficient strength, and of these latter the "warp," or foun
dation of the fabric is formed ; other cords, wound on bobbins, supply the
"woof" or filling. These woven together by the looms make the cloth oom-
plete, and it is then rolled into bolts, and packed in bales for shipment. All
this necessarily requires an immense amount of intricate machinery, and it is
estimated that a force of two thousand two hundred horse power is used in these
Mills. In addition to the manufacture of Cotton-Duck, Fishing Nets are made
here by machinery, the only place in the United States where this is done
to any great extent. Upwards of 25,000 bales or more than 12,000,000 pounds
of cotton are consumed annually by these Mills. They employ fully 1,800
hands, and minister to the support of at least 5,000 persons. The Cotton-
Duck is used extensively in the manufacture of sails, awnings, bags, and for
a number of other purposes. It is unnecessary to add that the South and
West can be supplied in this market on the most reasonable terms.

Cotton Bags.

A

S an appendage to the manufacture of Cotton goods in the city of Balti-
$ Ii more, and especially to the manufacture of Cotton-Duck, the preparation
% of grain Bags and Sacks demands particular notice. Baltimore is favor
ably located for their manufacture. The many mill streams in the neighbor
hood of the city, the numerous cotton mills in and immediately around it, and
the superiority of the heavier class of domestics especially suitable as material
for their construction, enable the manufacturers to compete, successfully with
any of the Eastern cities ; while the moderate cost of living, and low rents,
give the trade an advantage over New York and Boston. The immense

182 The Monumental City,
amount of wheat and corn which passes through, or is manipulated in our
market, creates a demand for the manufacture of grain Bags and Sacks, which
would at all times cause a degree of activity with the merchant engaged in
that trade ; but a system prevails at this Port which renders the market very
particularly active. A very extensive business is done in hiring Sacks for
shipment to Europe, the owner of the Sacks shipping under his own Bill of
Lading, in the same manner as the dealer ships his grain. The capital
invested in the trade is very large, all Jute Goods are landed by our
European Steamers at lower freights than elsewhere. The facilities for
the manufacture of the Bags are first-class, and the character of the men
engaged in this branch of industry is a complete guarantee that persons
dealing with them are sure to get what they buy. In this particular branch
of manufacture, the Baltimore article can readily compete with that of New
York or any other.
JOHN C. GRAFFL1N. GEO. W. 8RAFFLIN.
BALTIMORE; BAG FACTORY,
Nos. 73, 75 and 77 SOUTH STREET.
JOHN C. GRAFFL1N & CO.
IMPORTERS, MANUFACTURERS AND ,>EAl,ERS IN
BURLAPS, COTTON BAGGING,
BALE ROPE, TWINES,
New and Second-Han d Seamless, Grain & Gunny Bags, Cotton Duck, Twills &c.
GUANO, BUCKWHEAT, FLOUR AND SALT BAGS PEINTED TO OEDEE.
AGENTS FOR T"RCE ".A-IR.-EtO'W" TIE,"
MARYLAND BAG FACTORY.

ML^^^> ^ve.^W,

MANUFACTURERS AND DEALERS IN EVERY DESCRIPTION OP

Phosphate Bags neatly Printed to Order.
(^-TOBACCO POUCHES A SPECIALTY SOUTH AND PRATT STREETS, BALTIMORE.

Maryland Life Insurance Co.
No. 10 South Street, Baltimore.

Its Past Histoky and Pkesent Resoueces. 183
wm. KNABE & GO.
PIANO-FORTE MANUFACTURERS, SQUARE, GRAND AND UPRIGHT,
Ware-Rooms, No. 350 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore,
112 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY.

Curled Hair

|H BOUT the year 1836, a young German came to this country and shortly
mk afterwards established a small factory for the manufacture of Hair,
¥ Bristles, &c, on Colston's Hill, near the Hookstown Road. The life of
the factory was healthy from the first, and its business gradually enlarged,
until in 1847 the location was insufficient for its pressing requirements. A
lot of ground was purchased on the Frederick Road, and a new factory erected.
From that time to the present the increase of the trade has been very rapid.
The various uses to which Hair and Bristles are put, the rapid development
of the country, and the incessant demand for goods of this sort for upholstering
purposes and brush materials, and the toilet generally, caused an expansion
of the trade, which rendered it difficult at times, to supply the orders that
came to the factory. Its capacity was enlarged, agencies were created in the
leading cities of the west for the procurement of raw materials; tenant houses
were erected for the employees, warehouses for the storage of both crude and
manufactured goods; and now a thriving village crowns the location which
but a few years ago was a barren plat of ground. Others encouraged by the
success of the young German, have invested money in the business, and a
number of smaller factories have sprung into existance, whose business is only
circumscribed by their capacity.
The factory on the Frederick road, known as Wilkens' Factory, turns out
40,000 pounds of manufactured goods per week ; and it is estimated that at
least seven hundred operatives are employed, and several million of dollars
are invested in the business. The manufactured goods are consigned to Retail
Merchants and Upholsterers throughout the United States ; and large quan
tities are exported for consumption abroad.
The curled and manufactured Hair produced by the factories of Baltimore
is unsurpassed for excellence, and the market price is lower than in any other
city in the United States, because of the vast capital invested, the extensive
experience, and thorough knowledge of the business, possessed by those
engaged in its production.

184 The Monumental City,
William Willtens. H. H. Graue.
WILLIAM WILKENS & CO.
STEAM
Curled Hair & Bristle Manufacturers,
DEALERS IN
HAIR CLOTH, DAMASK, PLUSH,
AND
Upholsterers' and Coach and Cabinet Makers' Materials
IN GENERAL,
3001 W. Pratt Street, 217 Pearl Street,
BALTIMORE. NEW YORK.

Leaf Tobacco.

|HE Tobacco market of this city has been of paramount importance at all
times since the commencement of its history. In colonial times and in
deed for a long period afterwards, it was the only crop raised in this State,
by which she was known to outsiders, insomuch that the lands were impov
erished, and farmers and planters driven to the cultivation of other products,
to restore the soil to its original fertility. Early in the history of the State,
inspection laws were adopted by the Legislature for the protection of planters
and buyers. These laws were perhaps the most judicious of their kind ever
devised, and have remained in force with but little alteration to the present
moment. Under them, five large warehouses have been established in Balti
more, at points convenient to the shipping. The manner of inspection is so
simple, and apparently equitable, that it may not be out of place to give a
brief description of the process. One head of a hogshead of Tobacco having
been removed and the hoops loosend, the hogshead is turned over, and the entire
casing lifted off the Tobacco. The compact mass thus exposed, is broken into at
five different points with an iron bar, and a sample taken from each opening.

Its Past Histoey and Peesent Resoueces. 185
An average of each of these samples is selected, and the whole tied together
with a strong tape, sealed and labelled. The casing is replaced, and the hogs
head coopered according to its necessities. The samples chosen and made
official, are regarded as establishing the grade of the Tobacco, as well as
the quality of the packing, and by these the sales are made. The fees,
waste and cost of storage, &c, are so insignificant when compared with
methods of inspection in other cities, that though the policy of the State
of late years has been to discourage governmental inspections, the system
with reference to Tobacco has not been disturbed. Four of the five In
spectors are taken from the rural districts, where the wiles of politics
usually give place to integrity and fair dealing; and the consequence has
been that with the rarest exceptions, the offices have been filled by high-
toned, honorable gentlemen engaged in the cultivation of the plant them
selves, and thoroughly competent to discharge the duties which pertain to
the office.
The increase of the trade in this city, and the insufficient accommodations
of the present warehouses, have led to the erection of another which will
be completed in a few months. During the year 1872, there were inspected
51,209 hogsheads of Tobacco, in addition to 5,682 hogsheads remaining
in the warehouses on the 1st of January of that year. The Foreign ship
ments during that period, and which were made to a large number of
European ports were 49,983 hogsheads. The quality of the Tobacco grown
in Maryland, and that brought to this market from Ohio, and Kentucky, is
of coarse, heavy grade, and is consumed principally in portions of France,
and Germany, where the people care more for quantity than quality. Ship
ments have been retarded to some extent by the scarcity of tonnage, but the
increased facilities afforded by the improvements in the harbor to be completed
by the first of May, and the very rapid augmentation of the shipping in the
past few months, will lead in the near future, to a very large expansion of the
trade.

L. W. GKLTNTHER,
General Commission Merchant
TO BAC'COT FACTOR,
]STo. 90 Lombard Street,
ONE DOOR WEST OF EXCHANGE PLACE,
BALTIMORE.
12

186 The Monumental City,
WM. A. BOYD & CO.
WHOLESALE DEALEES IN
SEED, LEAF & HAVANA m

Have always in store a full assortment of '-CONN'' and other select crops.
Manufactured Tobacco,
CIG-ARS, &o.
No. 33 South Street, Baltimore.
WEENEB DBESEZ. FEBD. DBESEL.
W. DRESEL & CO.

TOBACCO

AND

General Commission Merchants.
Werner Dresel, Imperial German Consul.
37 South Gay St. BALTIMORE.

Its Past Histoey and Present Eesoukces. 187

Manufactured Tobacco.

»¦

jfJlUR City has always been one of the leading markets for Manufactured To
bacco. It is contiguous to Virginia, North Carolina, and the great sections
of America noted for the production of the best Tobacco on this continent,
and also for the manufacture of the best Chewing and Smoking Tobacco in
the world. Thus located, Baltimore commands a large portion of this trade,
and is in reality the best distributing market in the country. The Commis
sion and Jobbing Trade, with heavy capital is enabled to carry large stocks,
and with the forwarding facilities of rail and water, gives us superior advan
tages over any other city. We have also several very large factories for the
manufacture of Smoking Tobacco, Fine-cut, and Snuffs, with advantages
unsurpassed by any others elsewhere. The Brands of these have attained a
wide reputation in this country and Europe.
Cigars are extensively manufactured in this city, and their superior quality
has gained for them, great popularity at home and abroad.
Eesponsible agencies of the Tobacco Manufacturers of any prominence in
the trade of the country are established here, thus giving additional value
and attraction to the Baltimore Market.
B. F. PARLETT <£ CO.
WHOLESALE DEALERS IN
MA N UFA CT UR ED

CIGARS, PIPES, <&c.
92 Lombard Street, near South,
BALTIMORE.

J. D. KREMELBERG'S FACTORY OP
avmfbmb mmmmm oicmum,
14 & 16 South Frederick Street,
Office — 56 South Gay Street,
P.O. BOX 781. BALTIMORE.

188 The Monumental City,
MARYLAND LIFE INSURANCE CO.
No. 10 South Street, Baltimore.

Lumber.

fHE Lumber Trade of Baltimore city, is very great. We are so favorably
located for the prosecution of the business, it would be really strange
were this not the case. The Chesapeake Bay affords easy access to the
vast Lumber regions of Virginia and North Carolina; the Susquehanna
drains the extensive woodlands of Pennsylvania, while the railroad corpora
tions which centre in Baltimore stretch out their arms into the almost lim
itless forests of West Virginia, Ohio and Indiana. In addition to the require
ments for building purposes, this branch of industry has been greatly extended
of late because of the vast increase in the number of Houses engaged in the
Furniture Trade, the enlargement of the business of those already estab
lished, and the springing up in our midst of factories for the manufacture of
Mouldings, Ovals, Mirror and Picture Frames, &c, &c.
The last few years have witnessed a decided change in popular taste with
reference to the material out of which furniture is constructed. Fashion has
greatly diminished the use of rose-wood and mahogany, and hence their
importation is mainly for veneering purposes. With the increase in wealth
and the development of taste, wants have become general which were formerly
confined within a narrow circle, and the demand for highly wrought mouldings,
handsome frames, passe-partouts, &c, has necessitated the establishment of
extensive factories to meet it, where work of the most finished description is
turned out-
Walnut, Ash, Poplar and White Pine are now used almost exclusively by
furniture dealers, and immense quantities reach the market annually. The
best Walnut is brought from the States of Ohio and Indiana; vast quantities
of Poplar come from the forests of West Virginia, while the States of Vir
ginia, North Carolina, Georgia and Florida furnish Yellow Pine, from the
last two of which is obtained the finest material to be found in the world.
Ash and White Pine reach this market in large quantities from Pennsyl
vania, Ohio and Indiana. About thirty large Houses are engaged in the
Lumber business in this city with an immense aggregate capital. The gen
tlemen who compose the above firms are among our most reliable and honored
citizens. One hundred million feet of White Pine, one hundred million feet
of Yellow Pine, and fifty million feet of other Woods, including Walnut,

Its Past Histoky and Present Eesoueces.

189

Poplar, Ash, &c, are received in Baltimore annually. Much of the Wood is
dressed in Baltimore and shipped from here to other places. The machinery
used in the trade is of the most highly improved character, and the number
of employees very large. The workmanship is superior, and the trade offer
inducements to purchasers equal to those extended in any other market in
the country.
It is a fact worthy of mention, as showing not only the facilities of the
trade, but the reciprocity of the different sections of our country, that large
quantities of the Lumber product of the South, Yellow Pine and Cypress, are
sent to the distant cities of the West and North- West, where it is used almost
exclusively in car building, and for other manufacturing purposes, in which
cheapness, durability and strength, are essential qualifications. This Lumber
is manufactured to order at the Southern mills, shipped direct to the con
sumer, and is ready for use upon receipt. The orders are received in Balti
more by those dealers who have large interests in the South, and of course
minister to the importance of our City. The trade is growing rapidly and
will ere long demonstrate the fact that the Western Lumber dealer appreciates
the Lumber product of the South as thoroughly as we value the White Pine
forests of the Xorth and West. In addition to the Lumber Trade carried on
with the South and West, large quantities of White and Yellow Pine are
shipped to the West Indies and South America.

GEO. G. TYLER, TIMBER AND LUMBER,
BOSTON STREET, CA.NTOTST.

190 The Monumental City,
D. E. THOMAS & CO.
Wholesale and Retail Dealers in
CABINET AND BUILDING
LUMBER,
No. 56 East Falls Avenue,
Baltimore, Md.

Agricultural Implements.
(JPHE honorable position which the Science of Agriculture has occupied in
Uf Maryland in conjunction with the other Southern States, has made Balti-
^F more at all times during her history an extensive market for Agricultural
Implements. The present is unquestionably the era of improvement in labor-
saving machinery. The farmers of Maryland, generally educated and culti
vated, have not been slow to avail themselves of the advantages which have
been thereby presented.
They early found that their lands, along with the saving of labor by the
use of implements, exhibited also an increase of productiveness which
amply compensated them for an appreciation of the prices of machinery.
This exercised a fostering influence over the establishments engaged in their
manufacture, and gave to the trade an impetus, which by judicious foresight
and energy the manufacturers have been able to enlarge, until to-day our
City ranks far ahead of most of the large cities in America ; and surpassed by
few if any, in the production of these essentials to farming. In fact, East
of the Ohio no city can compete with Baltimore in this regard.
Ten large Houses are at present doing a thriving business in this branch of
industry with a very handsome working capital, and a number of hands
averaging four hundred. Formerly each House embraced in its operations all
the various implements used in Agriculture, as also Seed and other goods
belonging to that pursuit. The introduction of steam and the vast improve
ments in machinery made it cheaper for Houses to select a specialty and
follow it. In this way certain labor-saving machines are manufactured at
cheaper rates than formerly, and in a style excelled nowhere on this continent.
Of course the number of machines or implements manufactured here has
been reduced ; but the usefulness of those produced has been proportionately
increased, and the general dimensions of the trade greatly enlarged, while

Its Past Histoky and Present Resources. 191
factories for all the very best labor-saving machines manufactured in the
United States have here established agencies, where they can be purchased at
the factory rates.
All the Agricultural establishments of Baltimore offer the strongest induce
ments to purchasers from abroad in the way of choice and carefully selected
seed, large quantities of which, when not produced under favorable auspices
in this country, are imported expressly for the Baltimore market. The
annual sales in this branch of industry are very heavy and rapidly increasing,
annually amounting at present to fully $3,000,000. Large invoices of Ag
ricultural Implements, Seeds, &c, are shipped to the Southern States, and
along the line of the Atlantic coast, in fact through all the country east of
the Ohio. In this department of trade, Baltimore affords to dealers, a market
equal in quality and prices, to any other in the United States.
E. WHITMAN. Established 1843. E. B. WHITMAN.
E. WHITMAN & SONS,
Nos. 145 & 147 WEST PRATT ST.,
BALTIMORE,
Manufacturers and Wholesale and Retail Dealers In
AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS, SEEDS AND FERTILIZERS.
WHITMAN'S METAL-LINED CUCUMBER PUMP,
the only perfect portable wood pump made.

Sash Factories.

tjINCE the introduction of steam-power into the ordinary pursuits of life,
vast improvements have been made in carpentry. Especially has this
been the case with reference to the manufacture of Sash, Window
Frames, Doors, Blinds &c. So great have been the advances in this depart
ment of industry, that the humblest and cheapest dwelling erected in the
larger cities at this present writing, will compare favorably in interior finish
with the most gorgeous edifices of former times. Baltimore has kept pace
with other cities in this regard.
Thirteen Sash Factories, employing upwards of seven hundred hands, and
manipulating $1,000,000 of capital, are at present in operation in this city.
For fifty years the business of wood-working has been one of our most active
industries, but in the last five years the trade has trebled. The quality of the
work done by our factories is fully up to the standard established in other

192

The Monumental City,

cities. Offices, churches, and public buildings are fitted by the trade, in a
style of taste and elegance unsurpassed elsewhere, and which has commanded
the admiration of parties from abroad. Baltimore has great facilities in the
way of securing lumber of the most available description, and upon the most
advantageous terms. The factories engaged in the business, turn out all kinds
of work, and offer as great inducements to purchasers as can be obtained in
any other city in America. As large as the demand is for home consumption
it by no means disposes of the material turned out by these establishments ;
and large quantities of Sash, Window Blinds, and general Finishings for
buildings, are shipped to the Southern States, South America and the West
Indies.

G. 0. STEVENS.

D. G. STEVENS.

GEO. O. STEVENS & CO.
Corner Front and Fayette Streets,
Opposite Shot Tower. BALTIMOEE.

ftttfe** £**ta
Slate, Marble and Wooden Mantels,
Mouldings, Cornice, Stair Fixings, &c.
 BUILDERS' SUPPLIES.
BALTIMORE MADE WORK.
JOHN W. WILSON. JOHN W. WILSON, Jtt.
JOHN *Off. WILSON & son,
LUMBER DEALERS
AND MANUFACTURERS OF
Sashes, Doors, Blinds, Brackets, Mouldings,
Handrails, JYewels, Balusters, ffic.
No. 333 SOUTH EUTAW STREET, BALTIMOEE.

S. H. & J. F. ADAMS,

No. 4i Barnett Street,
33 A. XL- -X" X JM£ O 3E1. 3ES

Its Past History and Present Resources.

193

J. B. THOMAS.

J. L. LAWTON.

WM. MENTZEL.
JOS. THOMAS <£ SON,
Maryland Moulding, Turning & Sawing Works,
AND SASH, DOOR AND SHUTTER FACTORY.

Church Pews
AND
Furniture.

Established

Office
Desks,
in i i ; i nW
¦"¦''"' rW Railing, Ac.

1820.

BUILDING MATERIALS,
¦E**-A--H."B: A.TSTJD CLA-Z* STEEETS.
BUILDING AND HARD WOOD LUMBER DEALERS,
434 WEST PBA.TT STBEET, COBNEB FENN, BAXTIMOBE.

Furniture.

|HE manufacture of Furniture is usually a prominent feature in the bus
iness of large cities. Our own is not behind her sisters in this regard.
The manufacture and sale of all kinds of Furniture have been for years
a leading and rapidly increasing interest in Baltimore. Our facilities are
superior to those of most American cities. For the lighter kinds of Cabinet
Furniture the very best article of yellow- pine can be obtained via the Chesa
peake Bay, from the forests of lower Maryland, "Virginia, and North Carolina.
For other classes of Furniture the forests of West Virginia furnish an inex
haustible supply of soft poplar, which by easy an d cheap transportation over the
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, can be obtained on the most reasonable terms,
while the competition between the western sections of this Road and the Penn
sylvania Central, enables our manufacturers to obtain their supplies of black-
walnut from the forests of Indiana, at less cost than those of the ISTorth and
East, whose distance is more remote. This, in addition to the fact that the
cost of living and labor is cheaper in Baltimore, has led to a very rapid de
velopment of the business ; and in the last five years the manufacture and sale
of Furniture have been more than doubled ; while many new firms have been
added to those already in existence.

194 The Monumental City,
As an indication of the enlargement of the trade and the low prices in this
city, it may be stated that during the past year extensive orders for Sewing
Machine Frames have been received by our manufacturers from the large
towns of the North, and have been filled so satisfactorily as to lead to a
repetition of the orders. Every style of Furniture, from the richest and
most chaste designs for parlors, drawing-rooms, chambers, and offices, to the
less pretentious cabinet setts, is manufactured with equal care and skill. Those
engaged in the business have displayed great enterprise; and have not
contented themselves with their own resources in the selection of patterns,
but have made it a point to visit localities where Furniture is largely manu
factured, and study the ingenuity and tastes of other sections. Thus the
most fastidious and refined taste can be gratified in our city.
A certain amount of European Furniture is imported here, to supply the
demand of those who can afford the luxury of foreign styles, but the skill of
our handicraftmen has so thoroughly kept pace with the spirit of modern
improvement, that this is generally conceded to be totally unnecessary.
From accurate information, we are able to state that fully $1,500,000 are
invested in the business, 2,000 hands are employed, and the annual sales
amount in the aggregate to $3,000,000. Besides the local trade, vast quantities
of Furniture are shipped from this city to the South and West. During the
year 1872, shipments were made to the West Indies and South America, giving
promise of a valuable trade to that direction.
FURNITURE! FURNITURE! FURNITURE!
THE POPULAR FURNITURE HOUSE OF
KLIPPER, WEBSTER & GO.
7 SOUTH CALVERT STREET, BALTIMORE.
Parlor and Cabinet Furniture of Every Description.
POK THE PABLOB.
New and Elegant Resigns of Parlor Suites in Brocatelle, Silks and Reps of
Every Shade; also, in Hair Cloth, Beautiful and Durable.
EOR, THE OHA-T^EER..
Full Walnut Suites (10 pieces each) of plain, massive and elaborately carved Chamber
Suites, beautifully veneered and polished in French wood.
COTTAGE SUITES,
In great variety, Substantially Finished, and at Lowest Manufacturers' Prices.
OTHER EXJ"R"lSriTTTIiE,
Including plain, handsome and magnificently finished Dressing Oases, in Sienna, Ten
nessee and Italian marble; also, a complete line of Sideboards, Buffets and Etageres,
plain and elalaborately carved, and finished with Imported and Domestic Marbles.
Walnut and French Veneered Secretaries, Book-Cases; single and double Walnut
and Poplar Bedsteads, Bureaus and Wardrobes, at all prices.
CHAIES,
Finished in Hair, Cane and Wood, including Easy-Chairs of modern styles and patterns,
Arm-Chairs of every description, Rockers, and Wood of Forty Different Styles.
MATTEESSES.
Hair, Cotton Top and Shuck Mattresses, our own manufacture, always on hand and
made to order of any size, quality and price.
NOTE. — Our long experience and superior facilities enable us to offer advantages to pur
chasers not excelled by any similar House in Baltimore. We invite an inspection of our
large and complete stock, and guarantee to purchasers satisfaction in every respect.

Charles P. Stevens, Manufacturer of Cabinet Furniture,
SCHOOL DESKS, SETTEES, MATTRESSES, SEWING MACHINE CASES, &c.

COoPSpo
COH
wCOH
Ph n
PSoH

w

<1
p-l COH

Office AND
Warerooms, No. 3
S. CALVERT ST.

INCLUDING

Carroll Building.

Factory, No. 6
LOW STREET.
LUMBER YARDS,
EUTAW, FRONT and
HIGH STS.

Catalogue and complete Price List of Goods sent on application by mail.

196 The Monumental City,
WILLIAM J. HISS,
FURNITUHE Upholstering and Decorations,
128 W. Fayette Street,
BALTIMORE.

Pianos.

f^HE wonderful advances made during the present century in all depart
ments of industry have been no-where more marked than in the develop-
t ment and improvement of Pianos — and it is a matter of just pride to
Americans, that the world is indebted to this country, for many of the
advantages which modern instruments possess. The largest Piano factories
on the globe are located in the United States, and owing to the thrift and
independence of the laboring classes, and the facilities for advancement offered
them through our institutions, and mode of government, and the elevation of
taste thus acquired, the number of these instruments sold annually is immense.
During the year 1865, one hundred and eighteen thousand, two hundred and
eighty Pianos were made in this country, and the trade in these instruments
amounted to $59,284,673. What the increase has been since that date is a
matter of conjecture, but the fact that the Piano has become almost as
necessary in the humblest households, as the most useful article of furniture,
forbids the idea that there has been any diminution in the statistics of the trade.
Baltimore has obtained her full share of this gieat and increasing business.
There are a number of factories in this city, among which is the establish
ment of Wm. Knabe & Co., one of the largest in the United States. William
Knabe, the founder of the firm, (since deceased"), came to this country and
commenced the manufacture of Pianos on Liberty street, in 1837. Their
beginings were humble — large investments in an untried branch of trade
were then unheard of, and a wide-spread and deeply rooted prejudice existed
in favor of articles from abroad. The superior delicacy of tone, which still
so distinguishes the instruments of the Firm, gradually attracted the attention
of competent judges and the germ of a factory rapidly developed into mam
moth proportions. The great increase in the business of the Firm, necessitated
the abandonment of their original location, and the selection of another site;
and since 1855, their factory has been in operation- on Eutaw street. Wm.
Knabe & Oo. manufacture annually from 1,500 to 2,000 Grand and Square
Pianos which are shipped to all portions of the United States, but. principally

Its Past History and Present Resources.

197

to the South and West, with which sections their business relations are of an
extensive character.
The prices of these instruments vary from $500 to $1,500. The difference
in price, is occasioned chiefly by the outside ornamentation, carving, tracing
&c; the cheaper instruments being as melodious and powerful as the most
costly. The advantages claimed for them by Knabe & Co., are that their
method of constructing the "action" is peculiar, which imparts to the instru
ment an unsurpassed delicacy and fullness of tone; that the woods used in
their construction are selected with the utmost care, and with all the known
tests, and are thoroughly seasoned before being worked up; and that before a
Piano is taken from the factory, the proprietors always assure themselves
of its excellence and durability. That this is no idle boast is attested by the
reception of more than eighty medals and premiums at various exhibitions and
by the approval of such artists as Thalberg, Gottschalk, Heller, Strakosch,
Marmontel, Vieuxtemps and others, and also, by the reception of a number
of orders for work from distinguished artists in Europe. The firm has a
branch establishment in New York, and an agency in Boston.

Musical Instruments.

[OST of the different varieties of Musical Instruments are manufactured
in Baltimore, and in many instances rare skill is displayed in their
production. For twenty years the manufacture of Organs has formed
an important feature among the industries of the city and of late the orders
from neighboring states have attested the estimation in which they are held
for finish and excellence of tone. Church Organs, ranging in price from
$1,000 to $50,000 are constructed here and large numbers of them are shipped
to the South and West, and some because of their tone and compass are sent
to Eastern markets. In a number of our finest churches are to be seen
specimens of the Organs manufactured in this city.

H. SANDERS & GO.
General Agents and Wholesale and Retail Dealers in the
Sltintoaa' an& §tablmrB paws,
79 W. FAYETTE ST., BALTIMORE.
The "ESTEY" is the acknowledged LEAD
ING ORGAN everywhere. Call and examine
our splendid stock. Special terms to Churches,
Sunday Schools and Clergymen.

SHEET MUSIC AND MUSIC BOOKS.

198 The Monumental City,
Jewelry.
pftMONG the many branches of industry which minister to the importance
Wffi and add to the wealth of our city may be mentioned the manufacture
% and sale of Jewelry. A number of large houses are established in Balti
more, with extensive capital, and employing many hands. All the different
styles of Jewelry known to the trade are manufactured with skill and neatness,
and our Jewelers have always endeavored successfully to meet the popular
taste so excessively variable in this regard. The various precious stones of
which large and costly stocks are always on hand, are set in Baltimore with
an elegance and finish that cannot be surpassed. Silver ware is manufactured
here to a very considerable extent, and as every place has its peculiar styles,
supplies of Baltimore-made Ware are eagerly sought by Jewelers from the
neighboring cities. Watches of all kinds, both of American and foreign
manufacture, from the most expensive to the least costly, are sold by the trade
as low as can be obtained from the manufacturer. In addition, the rarest of
foreign Bijoutry is imported direct to this city, and the shelves of our best
Jewelers are beautifully adorned with these articles. A prominent character
istic of this branch of industry in Baltimore is the thorough reliability of the
gentlemen engaged in it. They are among our most highly esteemed citizens
and purchasers coming to this city can be assured that they get what they buy.
ESTABLISHED 1834.
CANFIELD, BRO. & 00.
Corner Baltimore and Charles Streets,
BALTIMORE,
Wholesale and Retail Importers and Dealers in
WATCHESf
Diamonds, Pearls, Rich Jewelry

Triple Silver Plated Ware; Gilt, Bronze and Marble
Clocks, Gilt and, Bronze Figures, and Ornaments, Bisque
and Parisan Figures, Rich Porcelaine Vases, Gilt and
Leather Vienna Goods, Opera Glasses, Fans, Music Boxes
and Fancy Goods.
AMERICAN WATCHES A SPECIALTY.

Its Past Histoky and Present Resources.
Established 1800.

199

GEORGE T. SADTLBR.

GEORGE W. SADTLER.

G. T. SADTLER & SONS,

No. 212 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore,
Importers, Manufacturers and Dealers in

'yj?

s,

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^

ST

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1 91*

Special attention paid to adaptation of Glasses to the Eye.
Prompt attention given to repairing Watches and Jewelry.

GEO. W. WEBB,

(Adjoining the Carrollton Hotel,)
DEALER IN
DIAMONDS, RICH JEWELRY, FINE WATCHES, CLOCKS & BRONZES,
STERLING SILVER AND PLATED WARE.
Particular attention is paid to neatness and durability in the manufacture and repair of
Jewelry. "Watches repaired by experienced workmen.
CHARLES. OT. BLAKE.
PRACTICAL.

AND DEALER IS

FINE WATCHES, JEWELRY, SILVER AND PLATED WARES,
No. 3 North Charles Street,
B Jl. L T I M O R E

Clocks, Watehes and Jewelry Carefully Repaired.

200 The Monumental City,
Plated Ware.
{HE manufacture of Plated Ware was begun in this City about twenty
years ago on a small scale. The care and skill displayed in its production
led to a gradual expansion of the business, and at present Baltimore can
boast of an extensive establishment fitted with all the modern improvements
in machinery, and with a capacity for all classes of work. Gold and Silver
Plated Work and Britannia Wares are produced, which for excellence of
workmanship and beauty of design will compare favorably with similar
articles in any portion of the country.
The fact that the styles of the various factories in America are very different,
and that dealers are compelled to have samples of each, has led to the intro
duction of Baltimore Plated Ware in all sections of the country, and it has
been received with favor wherever sent. The business is largely on the
increase and dealers can supply themselves in this market upon terms quite
as reasonable as are offered elsewhere.
Maryland Britannia and Gold and Silver Plate Works
ESTABLISHED 1850.

WM. HOLMES,
SALES ROOM, ]STo. 3 TsT. CHARLES ST.
Office and Factory, Nos. 50 and 52 HoUiday St.
BALTIMORE.

Tin.

^L

IHE Tin Trade of Baltimore, allusion to which has already been made in
IK a previous article, has wonderfully developed in the last few years. The
*^ demand for Tin is always large in a great city, where it is so lavishly
used for household purposes,and of late for coverings for the roofs of buildings;
but this demand has been measurably increased of late by the rapid multipli
cation of oyster and fruit packing houses, and their immense consumption of
the article in the course of their business. As no Tin mines exist in this
.country, the raw material is of course imported from abroad ; but the favorable
terms under which it can be brought to this market has led to its importation

Its Past History and Present Eesources.

201

in large quantities. We give the statistics of importation from the books of
the Custom House for the year 1871, and the first ten months of 1872 :

For 1871.

January  150
February  16,785
March  29,900
April  13,817
May  14,387
June  8,550
July  9,928
August  13,825
September  18,197
October  11,582
November  10,289
December  18,186

Value. $820.00
93,189.00
170,648.00 79,635.00 83,042.00
48,058.0055,160.00 81,116.00
104,122.00 66,742.00
58,224.00
106,194.00

Total  165,596 $946,950.00

For the first

January.... February. . .
March 
April 
May 
June 
July 
August —
September., October 

ten. months
Boxes.
16,26114,72318,242 15,89825,452 8,186
11,095
20,66829,562 18,569

of 1872.
Value.
$98,052.00 98,508.00
132,112.00 119,933.00 205,489.00 73,860.00
101,880.00
188,246.00
272,921.00 164,518.00

Total  178,656 $1,455,519.00

It will be seen from the above that the importation of this article has
increased in value in the first ten months of the year 1872, $508,569 over the
entire importation of 1871. The demand for the raw material is increasing
with each successive year. Oyster and fruit packing houses are springing up
in the city, while the large wholesale houses which deal in the article are
multiplying in number and extending their business. All materials requiring
Tin for their manufacture are made in Baltimore in a style of finish and
excellence comparable with any other sections of the country, and at rates
which offer inducements to purchasers. Besides supplying the demand for
the article in this city the wholesale trade is constantly in receipt of orders
from Virginia, West Virginia, West Pennsylvania and all the Southern
States.
GALVANIZED IRON CORNICES.
JAMES W. GEDDES,
Tin, Galvanized Iron, Copper, Lead, Zinc & Iron Roofing,
Spouts, Gutters, &e.
6j & 69 North St., Baltimore.

AGENT FOR E. G. SMYSER'S VARIETY IRON WORKS, YORK, PA.
13

202 The Monumental City,
alfred h. reip. j. henry reip.

MANUFACTURERS OF

PLAIN & JAPANNED
TIN WARE
AND DEALERS IN
Wooden Ware and Housekeeping Articles,
335 W. Baltimore Street,  BALTIMORE.
Type Foundries.
^MONG the other industries in which Baltimore has made some progress,
is Type manufacture. Two factories are in operation, employing a
"W number of hands, and absorbing considerable capital. All the various
styles of type are manufactured with skill and elegance, that rival the work
manship of any similar factories in the larger cities of this country, and
orders are filled as cheaply here as elsewhere.
RYAN & RICKETTS,
Type, Stereotype and Electrotype Founders.
Brass and Bell Founding.
«HE Brass and Bell Founding interest has been largely developed in
Baltimore. The introduction of gas in our cities and towns, the
extension of water facilities, and the almost universal application of
gas and water to public and private buildings have created an enormous
demand for the necessary fixtures, and have led to such expansion of the
resources and capacity of the establishments in this city as enables them to
compare very favorably with those in any other section of the country. All
articles pertaining to this branch of industry, viz: Plumbers' Brass Work,
Water, Gas and Steam Fixtures, and Apparatus and Bells of all descriptions,
are manufactured by them in quantities to suit the increasing trade, and
with a perfection and finish which are unsurpassed.
The metals of which the articles in this department are composed, such as
tin, zinc, copper, &c, are usually obtained direct, and plumbers' earthen-

Its Past History and Present Eesodrces. 203
ware is imported from Europe. So that Baltimore possesses every facility
for supplying the trade at the lowest prices, and it gives us pleasure to
state that the trade is rapidly increasing, especially with the South and
West. Henry McShane & Co.'s Brass Works were established in 1856. The firm
has rapidly enlarged its sphere of operations, and is to-day one of the largest
establishments of that character in the United States. The Works are
located on North street, the building occupying a front two hundred and fifteen
feet with a depth of one hundred and fifty feet. Two hundred and sixty
hands are employed by the firm, of whom sixty are engaged in their
Phoenix Iron Works, HoUiday street, where six tons of iron are run down
daily into light castings for plumbers' and machinists' use. Electro
plating in silver and gold forms a very important feature of the work of
this firm.
The establishment of Eegester & Sons, on HoUiday street, is very exten
sive, and employs a large number of operatives, many of them skilled workmen.
A special feature of' this Foundry is its manufacture of Bells, the excellence
of workmanship displayed therein recommending the firm throughout the
country. Henry McShane. John McShane.
Henry McShane & Co.
BRASS FOUNDERS and FINISHERS
Nos. 147 to 161 North Street, Baltimore,
MANUFACTURERS OF ALL KINDS OF
BRASS COCKS, Globe, Check and Safety Valves ; Water Gauges and Gauge Cocks.
BRASS CASTINGS, for STEAM ENGINE and RAIL ROAD purposes.
BRASS PUMPS of all kinds.
"WROUGHT IRON" PIPES, Malleable Fittings, Bartholomew Patent Water Closets.
IMPORTERS INGOT COPPER & PLUMBERS* WEDGEWOOD WARE.
Dealers in Banca Tin, Pipe and Sheet Lead, Solder and Bablitfs Metal.
VBOFBIETOBS OF
PHCENIX IRON WORKS,
85, 87 & 89 HOLLIDAY STREET,
CAST IRON" FIFE,
For Sewer, Drain, Steam and Water, BENDS, BEANCHES, TEAPS, BATH
TUBS, Hoppers, etc., etc.
ALL KINDS MACHINE CASTINGS.

BRANCH HO USE, 1312 Broadway, New York.

204

The Monumental City,

Baltimore Bell and Brass Works,
JOSHUA REGESTER & SONS,
Nos. 53 and 55 N. HOLLIDAT STREET, BALTIMORE.
E. F. BROOKS,
SPECIALTIES
IN
CRYSTAL, BRONZE & QILT
CHANDELIERS.
Staple Goods at Factory Prices.
PLUMBING IN ALL ITS BRANCHES.

None but First-Class Workmen Employed,
17 Iff. BUT AW STREET,
BALTIMORE.

H MANUFACTURER'S ARTICLES, *
BELT 8c HOSE MAKER, *
¦v 33 SO.EUTAW ST. BALTIMORE. >

John H. Haskell's
Old Established
CARD, LEATHER BELTING
And Hose Manufactory,
ALSO A LARGE STOCK OF
COTTON AND
Woolen Manufacturers' AND
Railroad Supplies
On hand, or furnished to order.

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Ph H
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Ph Q
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ESTABLISHED 1857.

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FACTORY.— Square bounded by Henrietta, Claret, Fremont and Warner Streets.

206 The Monumental City,
Iron.

i i/ifcHE Iron Trade of Baltimore is one of her most prominent interests. The
very ground upon which the city is built is an ore-bank, and the neigh
boring hills teem with this valuable metal in the crude state, ready to be
manipulated at the least possible expense, for the purposes of trade. The
Iron made from this ore has the highest reputation for car-wheels and
malleable purposes. It is known all over this country and is in great demand
from the extreme East to the West, being considered by the trade superior to
all other Iron for such uses. The numerous water courses in the vicinity of
Baltimore immediately adjacent to the main lines of communication, offer
admirable facilities for smelting ore, while the railroads running directly to
the coal mines, or the localities where charcoal is prepared, reduce the cost
and transportation of fuel to a minimum figure, which enables manufacturers
to produce the metal with profit to themselves, and at reasonable rates to
consumers. The furnaces which supply the trade of Baltimore are twenty-
six in number, of which twenty- three are at present in blast, and doing a very
active and increasing business. Of the above, fifteen are charcoal furnaces,
four anthracite, and three are coke. The production of Iron in the aggregate,
amounted in 1872, to 54,000 tons. In connection with these furnaces are a
number of Bar and Plate Iron Works, which do a heavy business — one com
pany alone running four Plate Mills, which yield an annual product of
$1,000,000 in value. Aside from the Boiling Mills of the great railroad
corporations, which have termini in this city, there are works for the manu
facture of Bailroad and Plated Iron, Car- Wheels, Bivets and Spikes, Boilers,
Steam Engines, &c., &c, which in magnitude and excellence of workmanship
will compare favorably with similar manufacturing establishments in any
portion of the countrv.

MANUFACTURERS OF

RAILS, BOILER AND PLATE IRON,
BALTIMOEE.
CONTRACTS MADE FOR RE-ROLLING RAILS.
C. H. ASHBURNER, J. S. GILMAN, J. A. L. MORRELL,
President. Vice-President. Treasurer and Secretary.

Its Past History and Present Eesources.
ESTABLISHED 1871.

207

ROBERT POOLE.

GERMAN M. II DNT.

POOLE & HUNT,
FOUNDERS & MACHINISTS,

Baltimore Co,

Northern Central
Railway,

MANUFACTURERS OF
PORTABLE &, STATIONARY STEAM ENGINES,
STEAM BOILERS,
Babcock & Wilcox's Patent Tubulous Steam Boiler,
THE CELEBRATED
Leffel Patent American DOUBLE TURBINE WATER WHEEL,
THE BEST WATEB WB.EEI IN EXISTENCE.
CIRCULAR SAW MILLS, (JANG SAW MILLS,
EBAUGH'S PATENT CRUSHER. FOR MINERALS, &c.
MINING MACHINEEI, GEIST MILLS,
FLOURING MILL MACHINERY, HYDROSTATIC PRESSES,
SHAFTING, PULLEYS AND HANGERS.
Machinery for White Lead Works, Cotton Seed and other Oil Mills.

The Proprietors possess in their extensive and well appointed Workshops, (between
which and the Office there is instantaneous communication by means of Magnetic Tele
graph Wires,) unsurpassed facilities for the Manufacture of MACHINERY and CAST
INGS of the largest and heaviest character, and of the best quality, both as regards
materials and workmanship. They will be pleased to have a call from any who are in
want of good Machinery in their line of manufacture, or to reply to inquiries by mail;
and promise their best effort to please purchasers, both as to quality and price.
address, POOLE & HUNT,
BALTIMORE.
Established 1851, not "1&71" as printed above.

208

The Monumental City,

STICKNEY IRON COMPANY,
CLINTON STREET, CANTON.
CHARCOAL PIG IRON.
J. H. STICKNEY, President. WILLIAM OLIVER, Jr., Manager.
WILLIAM HARVEY, Secretary. REED, STICKNEY & CO., Selling Agents.
OFFICE,—No. 4L2 SECOND STREET,
BALTIMORE.

TROXELL, HANDY & GREER,
AGEKTTS FOB
ANTHRACITE, CHARCOAL AND COKE PIG IRON,

AND

CHAR CO AL HAMMERED BLOOMS.
Dealers in Bar, Bundle and Sheet Iron; Cut Nails and Snlkes:
Horse and Mule Shoes, Ac.

Corner Charles and German Sts.

BALTIMORE.

Its Past -History and Present Resources. 209
wm. ke ysf.r ii . irvine* khv.sek

uA-C3-E3STTS FOE
ANTHRACITE, CHARCOAL & COKE FIG IRON,
SCOTCH PIG IRON,
dealers in all descriptions of
Bar, Sheet and Boiler Plate Iron, Cast and Spring Steel, Nails and Horse Shoes.
CORNER CALVERT AND GERMAN STREETS,
B ALTIMORE.
MOJSTUMElSrT IBON WQBKS.
DENMEAD & SON,
Comer North and Monument Streets, Baltimore,
MANUFACTURERS OE STATIONARY AND PORTABLE
STEAM ENGINES AND BOILERS
OF ALL SIZES.
DAVID'S PATENT PULVERIZING MILLS, for Guanos, Bones and other hard
substances. GRD7FITH & WUNDRAM'S PATENT SAFETY-TUBE BOILERS.
THE BALTIMORE STEAM BOILER WORKS,
No. 25 SOUTH FRONT ST.,
1 ALT IMOBi,
Manufacture STEAM BOILERS of every description,
TANKS, STILLS,
AND ALL KINDS OF PLATE IRON WORK.
C. W. BENTLEY, President. JNO. E. BENTLEY, Secretary.
JOHN T. COLEMAN. SAMUEL «. TAYLOR.
COLEMAN & TAYLOR,
•©Ilslm HAS SIRS,
CORNER HOLLIDAY AND HILLEN STREETS,
Near Hillen Street Bridge, BALTIMORE.
Manufacturers of all kinds of BATH and STEAM BOILERS, WATER TANKS, OIL
STILLS, SMOKE STACKS, &c, &c.
PARTICULAR ATTENTION GIVEN TO REPAIRS.

210

The Monumental City,

THOMAS C. BASSHOR & CO.
28 Light Street, Baltimore,
Manufacturers and Dealers in
BOILERS, ENGINES, PUMPS,
Plain and Galvanized Iron Pipe,
Fittings, Brass Work, Heaters, &c.
Steam Heating in all its branches.
SOLE AGEWT8 FOR
Bacon's Hoisting Engines, Earle's Patent Steam
Pump, Piokering's Governor and Valve, Cham
pion's Patent Boiler Feeder, American Steam
Guage Co.'s Steam Guages, Brown's Low
Water Reporter, &c &c.
t^- SEND FOR CATALOGUE.

No.

C. HEEDEH & CO.
51 Hughes Street, Baltimore,

MANUFACTURERS OF

MARINE

AKD
TATIONARY STEAM ENGINES.
Machinery and Castings of all kinds.
PLYNN & EMRIOH,
50, 52 and 54 North HoUiday Street, Baltimore,
MANUFACTURERS of
Steam Engines & Boilers, Iron & Wood Working Machinery, Presses, Punches,
Dies and Tinners' Tools of every description, and all kinds of Machinery.
SOLE AGENTS FOR
Knowles' Patent Steam Pump. New York Safety st.'.nii Power Company's
Engines and Boilers, and Clogston*!* Patent Steam Heating: Apparatus.
STEAM HEATING, WITH CLOGSTON'S HIGH OR LOW PRESSURE STEAM
HEATING APPARATUS, for Warming and Ventilating Public and Private Buildings,
Mills, Factories, Green Houses, Graperies, &c. The above apparatus may be seen in
operation at our own establishment.
CUMBERLAND DUGAN & CO.
No. 26 SOUTH CHARLES ST., BALTIMOEE,
KEEPS ALWAYS ON HAND A LARGE ASSORTMENT OF
ENGINES and BOILERS,
BOTH STATIONARY AND PORTABLE.
Lathes, Planers and Drills_ for working in Iron; Lathes, Planees
and Moulding Machines ; Morticing Machines and Saw Tables for
working in "Wood ; Anvils, Vises, Bellows, Nuts and Washers ; Wrought
Iron and Oast Iron Pipe, for Gas and Water; Portable Forges and Drill
Presses for Blacksmiths; Steam Pumps, all sizes, &c. &c.

Its Past History and Present Resources.

211

A.isrr>

FOR
Hotels, Stores, Warehouses, &c, &c.
ALSO,
HOISTING ENGINES
For Shipping, Wharves, Coal Yards, Mines, Tunnels, &c.
MANUFACTURED BY
SNOWDEN & COWMAN,
86 W. Fayette Street,
BALTIMOEE.

IRON FOUNDER
AND MANUFACTURER OF

For Warehouses, Hotels, Dwellings, &c.
CORNER PRATT AND PRESIDENT STREETS,
BALTIMOEE.

ANDREW MERKEK.

GUSTAV KRUG.

A. MERKER & KRUG,

Manufacturers of every Description of

IRO

S. W. Cor. Saratoga and Jasper Streets,
BETWEEN EUTAW AND PACA,
BALTIMORE,
Such as Wrought and Cast Iron RAILINGS, DOORS, SHUTTERS and SAFES, and are-
prepared to put up work in the city and country at the shortest notice, and on reasonable-
terms. All Orders promptly attended to.

212

The Monumental City,
HUTCHINSON BROS.

MANUFACTURERS OF THE
NEW "FLAT TOP

?>

AGENTS FOR THE
Golden Eagle Furnace,
No. 14 LIGHT STREET,
 BALTIMORE.
WM. E. WOOD & CO.
Inventors and Manufacturers of the
SIX SIZES, FOR FAMILIES AND HOTELS.
Also of the Lightning and Parlor Sun Fire Place Heaters.
Agents for the Lawson Hot-Air Furnaces, Warren Upper Oven Ranges, and
the most approved Goolc and Heat Stoves, Grates, Registers, &c.
Special attention paid to the manufacture and erection of GOLD'S STEAM HEATING
and VENTLLATING APPARATUS; New Forms of Cast Iron Direct and Indirect
RADIATORS, for Steam or Hot Water; Agents for CONDE'S CHALLENGE STEAM
PUMP and AMERICAN GOVERNOR; Dealers in Wrought Iron PD?E, FITTINGS,
VALVES, COCKS, and MACHINISTS' SUPPLIES GENERALLY.
WM. E. WOOD & CO., cor. Baltimore & Eutaw Sts., Baltimore.
DUFUR c£ CO.
No. 36
N. HOWARD ST.
BALTIMORE,
Manufacturers of

Wire Grating, Sieves, Fenders, Cages, Wire Cloth, Coal
and Sand Screens, also Iron Bedsteads, Chairs, SfC. •
8AML. R. WAITE,
MANUFACTURER OP
Ship, Steamboat and Yacht Fixtures,
SHIP CHANDLERY, HARDWARE
Anchors and Chains,
HUGHES AND COVINGTON STS., SOUTH BALTIMOEE.

Its Past Histoky and Present Resources.

213

Rivets and Spikes.

1 IN 1865, a Factory was established in this city, under very modest auspices,
*| for the manufacture of Rivets and Spikes. The concern prospered, and
W from time to time was enlarged. It passed subsequently into the hands of
one of our most energetic citizens, and has become one of the largest establish
ments in America. That which was originally a mere machine shop possesses
to-day a capacity almost unlimited for the manufacture of all the smaller
articles known to the trade in connection with Railroads, Boilers, &c, such
as Rivets and Spikes, Bolts of all kinds, Nuts, Washers, Wood Screws, &c.
Already the trade in these articles from this Factory has assumed large
proportions in our city and elsewhere. Large quantities of them are shipped
through the country, North, South and West, and the trade is on the increase.
Purchasers can be supplied in our city at the most reasonable rates, and
the skill displayed in their production is a guarantee that buyers will be
satisfied.
Removed to Corner President and Fawn Streets,

3 s-•-j
ta

VI

2
M h HI
UI "

UI *3

w

C/3

ENOCH PRATT.

HENRY JANES.

E. PRATT & BROTHER,
27 and 29 South Charles . Street, Baltimore.

IEON, OUT NAILS, SPIKES,
HORSE AND MULE SHOES.
Taunton Yellow Metal and Cumberland Coal.

lm.

nnbt

<o„ fflinno-WiotU M&nnfuttvitttB,

Ware-Rooms, No. 350 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore.
112 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY.

214 The Monumental City,
ImTIOfSAKE1

JmeJi

Nos. 6 and 8 N. Charles Street, Baltimore. W. H. SADZEB, Bres't.

Architectural Iron Works.

§,F the many uses to which Iron is put, none are more comprehensive than
p the modern application of it in the erection of warehouses. The advan
tages claimed for buildings constructed of this material are ease in
embodying any architectural design, economy in cost, space, moving or
rebuilding, security against atmospheric phenomena, such as lightning,
moisture, &c; ease of ventilation, durability of material and immunity from
fire. We have in Baltimore one of the largest establishments in the country
for the manufacture of Architectural Iron Works. Bartlett, Robbins & Co.
began business in 1844 as stove founders. They soon added the manufac
ture of railing and ornamental work generally, and later on added the
business of Architectural Iron Work proper. A large number of first-class
iron buildings have been erected by them in this city; among which may be
mentioned, as monuments of their skill, and admirable illustrations of the
advantages of this new method of house-building, the following*, the Tracy
Building, Baltimore street; Numsen Building, Light street; Consolidated
Building, corner German and South streets ; Office Building of George R.
Vickers, German near South street; McCreery Building, corner German and
Sharp streets; Gary Building, on Hanover street; Noah Walker Building,
on Baltimore street above Howard; and J. W. Bond & Co.'s Building, Nos. 90
and 92 West Baltimore Street, opposite Post Office Avenue.
The Works of this firm are very extensive, embracing every facility for
the manufacture of material used in the construction or enjoyment of an
iron building to the minutest detail; walls, floors, doors, windows, roof, por
ticoes, balconies, cornices, vaults, ventilators, fences, gates, fountains, vases,
statuary, chairs, settees, gas and water fixtures, a heating apparatus, ranges
or cooking stoves, parlor stoves, grates, brackets, stable fixtures, iron pave
ments, pots and kettles, culinary implements, bedsteads, in fact everything
except beds and bedding, and science will doubtless ere long find some means
of remedying this apparent difficulty. Independent of the work done in
Baltimore by Bartlett, Robbins & Co., they are constantly in receipt of orders
from other cities, and already have erected many iron buildings in New
York, Richmond, Raleigh, New Orleans, Galveston, as far as Portland, Oregon,
where they erected the "Corbett Hall," a building constructed at their works
in Baltimore and carried around Cape Horn to its destination on the Pacific.

Its Past History and Present Resources.

215

oas*; t» oo&Joa CD*3 !**ra
¦t-j{>ra •a

o l-i
o fcd

to

s•aca ¦-^
S*-*fcd ?3

216 The Monumental City,

Iron Bridge Building.
PRON Bridge Building, since the advent of Railroads in this country has
assumed mammoth proportions. The multiform character of the work
W the exceeding nicety required in construction, and the eminent engineering
skill necessary, have made it a very important branch of industry, and have
led to the employment of some of the ablest minds in America. Baltimore
in this regard occupies a prominent position, in fact she is not second to any
of our large cities. Two extensive Firms, the Patapsco Bridge and Iron Works,
and the Baltimore Bridge Company have been established in this city with
branches in other places. The former especially has erected very extensive
works in our midst necessitating a large outlay of capital and requiring for
their operations a heavy laboring force. Collectively these Firms have manu
factured twelve miles of Bridging and Trestle-work. To mention in this
work the names of the various railroad corporations that have sought their
skill would exceed the limits necessarily allotted to this department. Suffice
it to say, their industry may be seen on nearly every railroad in this country,
and on a number of railroads in South America. The Patapsco Bridge and
Iron Company have built two and a half miles of Bridging and Trestle-work
in North Carolina, crossing and connecting both branches of the Cape Fear
River, and using Pneumatic Piles instead of masonry, and passing through
three separate strata of rock in the bed of the river, encountering in the last
two strata cypress trees from ten to thirty inches in diameter, and in a perfect
state of preservation. They have also constructed Bridges in Cuba and Mexico;
and the numerous Bridges built in this city and on the railroads and county
roads leading out of it, bear ample testimony to the estimation in which they
are held.
The Baltimore Bridge Company constructed the St. Charles Bridge across
the Missouri River 6,675 feet in length and 90 feet above low water, the Rock
Island Bridge across the Mississippi 1,840 feet in length, the great Varrugas
Viaduct which spans one of the deep chasms in the heart of the Andes
12,000. feet above the level of the sea, on wrought iron pins at a maximum
elevation of 252 feet, and a number of other works which attest their skill.
The science of pneumatics has been specially availed of, and piles of the
largest dimensions ever yet sunk have been successfully laid in the swamps of
North Carolina. It must be borne in mind, in order to appreciate the extent
of this business in Baltimore, that the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad builds
its own Bridges. A better market than our city for those in need of this kind
of work cannot be found in the world. There are very extensive iron and
machine shops in Baltimore comprehensive in their scope, where every class of
iron-work is done.

Its Past History and Present Resources.

217

BALTIMORE BRIDGE CO.
54 LEXINGTON STEEET,
BALTIMORE.
71 BEOADWAY, - - New York.

C. SHALER SMITH,
PRESIDENT AND CHIEF ENG'R.
C. E LATROBE,
ASSOCIATE ENG'R, SECT'Y AND TREAS'R.

T. E SMITH,
ASSOCIATE ENG'R AND GEN'L STJP'T.
C. 0. WRENSHALL,
SUP'T OF ERECTION .

BENJAMIN H. LATROBE, Consulting Engineer.

DESIGN AND CONSTRUCT

Iron, Steel and Composite Bridges and Roofs

OF ANY FORM AND SPAN DESIRED.

Our Patent Wrought-Iron, Viaducts and Trestles for
crossing deep Ravines and wide Valleys
are a specialty.
"We refer to the Rock Island Bridge across the Mississippi, built for the United States;
to the St. Charies Bridge across the Missouri, on the North Missouri Railroad ; to the
Varrugas Viaduct for the Lima and Oroya Railroad, Peru, 353 feet high. These with
numerous other Railroad and Highway Bridges, &c, amount to an aggregate of 41,000
lineal feet of Bridging and Viaduct, designed and constructed by us during the past six
years. We are prepared to furnish first-class
COUNTY ROAD-BRIDGES,
And Commissioners can obtain any desired information from us.
Lithographs Sent on .Application.

218 The Monumental City,
PATAPSCO BRIDGE AND IRON WORKS,
"WENDELL, BOLLMAN, PROPRIETOR,
The only Establishment in Baltimore Manufacturing its own Bridges,

BOLLMAN'S PATENT SUSPENSION TRUSS,
And other forms of Iron and Combination Bridges, Roofs, Iron Fronts and every descrip
tion of Cast and Wrought Iron "Work for Buildings and Railroad construction.
• PNEUMATIC PILE,
Having on hand all the necessary appliances for sinking the same, we would call especial
attention to our great facilities for executing this branch of work.
THIEMEYER'S PATENT SWITCHES.
Eight-Inch Cast Iron Revolving Station Water Column,
Which will fill locomotive tanks in about one minute, and such as used on the Baltimore
and Ohio Railroad.
MARINE WORK IN ALL ITS BRANCHES.
The most improved designs and thorough execution guaranteed in the construction of
all classes of work.

OFFICE, No. 8 S. Gay St., Baltimore,

WORKS, Canton, Baltimore.

GEO. W. P. COATES.

CHAS. E. COATES.

COATES & BROTHER,
LOCUST POINT ROLLINS MILLS,
BALTIMORE,
Manufacturers of Best Charcoal Iron, for LOCOMOTIVE and MAKINE
BOILEES ; also, best Iron for Tube and. Gas Pipe furnished.
No. 1 Iron for Cylinder Boilers, and Common Puddled. Plate for Tanks, made
at short notice. Iron from 1 inch thick to No. 27. Wire Gauge furnished.
Note. — All Iron exposed to Fire reheated and warranted sound.
SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF HOMOGENEOUS " PATAPSCO PLATES."

Coal.

^MONG the many branches of industry which have contributed to the
development and financial advancement of Baltimore City, the Coal
trade may be specially cited. The inexhaustible supplies of Bitumi
nous Coal furnished from the Cumberland Coal regions, the superior quality
of the article, the Gas Coal from West Virginia, and the Anthracite Coal
brought to the City from the Coal regions of Pennsylvania, all point to Balti-

Its Past History and Present Resources. 219
more as a centre for that trade, and the lines of railroad now in process of
construction, and the contemplated extension of others at no distant day,
make it scarcely problematical that our City is to be in the future, the most
extensive Coal market in America if not in the world. The Bituminous Coal
regions, situated about two hundred miles from Baltimore and extending
along the Georges Creek Valley from Piedmont to Erostburg, have never been
fully explored. Hidden away there are endless mines of wealth which the
labor of a thousand years will not appreciably diminish. It is only within
the last few years that the real value of Bituminous Coal has been discovered.
The strikes and difficulties encountered by operators at the Anthracite mines,
and the sudden elevation of prices resulting therefrom, have led to its intro
duction where it was before unknown, and its use has been attended in every
instance with a desire to repeat the experiment. The rapid substitution of
steam in every branch of industry and trade for the ruder and slower appli
ances has already created an immense demand for its use, but what may be
expected in the future can scarcely be hypothecated upon any data at present
in hand. But a few years ago, 1,700 tons were considered a heavy shipment of
Coal from the mines for one year — 2,345,153 tons were shipped from the
mines in 1871, and 2,355,471 tons in 1872, and this, though a very decided
indication of the increase in the trade, gives but a feeble idea of what it will
be in future years when competing routes are opened up and the supply is
made commensurate with the demand for Bituminous Coal. There were shipped
to Baltimore in 1872, 1,915,000 tons from the Cumberland Coal regions; of
Gas Coal from Western Virginia, 250,000 tons; of Anthracite Coal from Penn
sylvania about 350,000 tons. The completion of the Pittsburg and Connells-
ville Eailroad has opened up to the market another region of Gas Coal from
which doubtless in a short time large supplies will be obtained. The Coal at
present received in Baltimore affords freight for 5,000 vessels, ranging in size
from the largest class of ships to the smallest coasting schooners. It is shipped
to all ports along the coast of the United States, and during the past eighteen
months a foreign trade has sprung into existence which bids fair to rival that
of any port in the world. Two years ago, Coal was seldom shipped from
Baltimore to any foreign port except Aspinwall. Since that time, Cumber
land Coal has grown rapidly into favor. A panic, caused by well-grounded
fears of tbe exhaustion of the English Coal mines, has seized upon the opera
tors in Great Britain and the prices have steadily advanced with no likelihood
of any reduction. The result has been a demand upon the Baltimore market
which it has been found at times difficult to meet, and to-day, Coal is shipped
from this City to all quarters of the globe. The immense resources of the
Baltimore and Ohio Eailroad and the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal are taxed
beyond their capacity to supply the market, and the extension of the Western
Maryland Eailroad to the Coal regions is merely a matter of time, while the
Canton Company have it in contemplation to run a shorter and quicker route
to the Bituminous Coal regions and to Pittsburg by means of which the trade
can be indefinitely extended.

220 The Monumental City,
%
GILMOR MEREDITH. BENJAMIN C. BABROLL, Js.
GILMOR MEREDITH & CO.
SHIPPING AND COMMISSION MERCHANTS,
AGENTS
PACIFIC MAIL STEAMSHIP CO.
To negotiate Coal Charters to Aspinwall, Panama, Acapulco, San Francisco and Ports in
Japan and China,
lidation Coal Company of Md.
MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF
GEORGES CREEK CUMBERLAND COAL,
AND OF THE
TJ3STION MXNTI^a OO.
Manufacturers of the Celebrated "Mount Savage" FIRE BRICK and CLAY,
No. 25 SOUTH GAY STREET,
p. o. Box 773. BALTIMOEE.
CHS. P. MAYBE. SAML. S. CARROLL.
MAYEK, CARROLL & CO.
Shipping and Commission Merchants,
Miners and Shippers
OP
Georges Creek Cumberland Coal,
AND
WEST VIRGINIA GAS AND CANNEL

Receive Coal on consignment for Shipping and negotiate Coal Charters to all Domestic
and Foreign Ports.
No. 13 GEEMAN STREET,
(Near South Street,)
Shipping Wharf, Locust Point. (P. 0. Box 257.) BALTIMORE.

Its Past History and Present* Resources. 221
Petroleum.

tIALTIMORE offers great facilities for the refining and shipment of Petro-
3} leum or Coal Oil; and these are rapidly effecting an increase in the
^ amount passing through this market. The double connection by rail with
the oil region, the cheap rates of transportation, and the abundant means of
storage, compare favorably with those offered by any other seaport. The
completion of the Union Railroad, with its tunnel, will still farther promote
this traffic ; so will also the competition of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad
effecting a reduction in freights. As a market for southern purchasers, Balti
more is unequalled.
CANTON OIL WORKS,
c^NTonsr,
MERRITT, JONES & CO.
OFFICE, No. 56 EXCHANGE PLACE,
Next door to Post Office on Lombard Street,
BALTIMORE.
Paints and Chemicals.
" "IjAlSrY years ago the manufacture of Chemicals was an especial feature of
the trade of this City in so much that cities of larger growth were
dependent upon Baltimore for their supplies. For some unexplained
reason the business dwindled down and the preparation of these articles fell
away to almost nothing. The introduction of guano, however, as a fertilizer,
and the discovery that its nutritive properties were vastly increased when in
combination with other compounds dissolved by acid, led to a revival of the
manufacture of Chemicals under circumstances which justify us in concluding
if not at present, that it will ere long be one of the most important industries
in our City.
The number of factories for the manufacture of Oil of Vitrol, Muriatic
and Nitric Acids and Sulphate of Ammonia has doubled, and those already
in existence have largely increased their capacity.
Immense quantities of Sulphuric Acid are required in the preparation of
fertilizers, and as the manufacture of the latter article is largely on the increase

222 The Monumental City,
in this City it is difficult to fix a limit to the expansion of trade in these
articles. Epsom Salts, (Sulphate of Magnesia) Glauber Salts (Sulphate of Soda)
and (Sulphate of Iron) Copperas, are manufactured in great quantities for
the use of the wholesale druggists. In these regards our City may be consid
ered independent of any other community. Large quantities of indigenous
roots possessing Chemical or remedial properties are also consumed in Balti
more by the wholesale dealers in medicines, and are sent to all portions of the
country. The manufacture of medicines, with the exception of those already
mentioned, has recently become an interest in the City, but the energy and
enterprise displayed by those engaged in the business, lead to the conclusion
that it is soon to become a very important branch of industry.
Large amounts of money are invested in the wholesale drug business, and
the gentlemen engaged in it are among our substantial and leading citizens.
The only establishment in America for the manufacture of Bi-Chromate of
Potash, is located here, and the largest factory in the world for the manufac
ture of Chrome Yellow is also located in this City. Paints of every descrip
tion are manufactured at this factory, but Chrome Yellow has become a
specialty and is exported in large quantities to all quarters of the globe. In
South America, European manufactures have found it impossible to compete
with Baltimore, and at this time trade with that country is practically
monopolized by our dealers.
The reputation of Baltimore for the manufacture of Paints is equal to that
of any city in the world. Large supplies of Soda, Roots, Dye Woods,
Cochineal and Quick Silver, are imported from South America and "West
Indies, besides Nitrate of Potash from the East Indies, and Arsenic and Paris
Green from other places. Salt- Petre, for packers in the West, is extensivly
manufactured in Baltimore. It is estimated that fully $5,000,000 are invested
in the manufacture of Paints and Chemicals in the city of Baltimore, and it
is difficult to fix an estimate to the amount of sales made annually.
It may be added that the Maryland White Lead Company, who are very
large corroders, have one of the most extensive establishments in the country.
There are other houses largely engaged in the manufacture and grinding in
oil of White Lead, White Zinc and Colors. Baltimore Lead is shipped to all
parts of the United States, and has a reputation equalled by few articles of a
similar character made elsewhere and excelled by none. Baltimore has also
one of the oldest Varnish Factories in America for manufacturing fine
Furniture and Coach Varnishes, Japan, Leather and Dormer Varnishes. —
This house has been manufacturing these goods for forty years. Among the
houses engaged in the manufacture of Linseed Oil is the firm of Thomas and
John M. Smith, established nearly thirty years ago. The reputation of this
house for the production of a pure article is national. Raw and Double
Boiled Linseed Oils are manufactured by them and shipped to many points in
the North, South, East and West.

Its Past History and Present Resources. 223
JOHN J. THOMSEN. ALONZO LILLY, Jr. JOHN P. MUTH.

THOMSEN. LILLY k

r\

\&m

>«

IMPORTERS OF

DRUGS, CHEMICALS, DYE-STUFFS,
ESSENTIAL OILS, SPONGES, CHAMOIS SKINS,

And a General Assortment of

Druggists' Fancy Goods,
ISTo. 26 HANOVER STREET.
EDWARD A. SMITH,
MANUFACTURING

Fluid and Solid Medicinal Extracts.
Pure Natural Fruit Juices and Syrups.
Artificial Fruit Essences, Distilled
Waters. Standard Pharmaceutical and Chemical
Preparations. No. 52 S. Sharp St., Baltimore.

&24 The Monumental Oitt,
WIU. H. BROWN <£ BRO,

NO. 25 SOUTH SHARP STREET,
BALTIMORE,
Importers and Jobbers of
Drugs, Medicines, Chemicals
ESSENTIAL OILS, CORKS, SPONCES,
Fancy Goods, Perfumery and Druggists' Sundries.

This is the name of
One of the Sweetest Perfumes in America.
It is made by our fellow -townsman, W. H. READ, and
has a large sale. Any one that uses it
once will never be without it.
R. J. BAKER & CO.
IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN
DYE-WOOD, DYE-STUFFS, GLUE,
Indigo, Madder, Bi- Carbonate of Soda, Etc.
OIL VITRIOL AND CHEMICALS
FOR MAKING
SUPER-PHOSPHATES AND FERTILIZERS,
36 & 38 Soiatli Charles St., Baltimore.
MARYLAND PAINT & COLOR WORKS
Established 1838.
G. & N. POPPLE1N, JR.
No. 27 HANOVER STREET, BALTIMORE,
Manufacturers, Importers and Dealers in
Paints, Colors, Oils, Varnishes, Brushes; Flint, Sand and
Emery Papers; Artists' , Gilders' and Painters' Sup
plies; Lithographers' Yellows; Trego's Chrome
Yellows for Export; Baltimore do. do.; Ame
rican Vermillions; Chrome Greens, tyc.

Its Past History and Present Resources. 225
BALTIMORE CHROME WORKS,
JESSE TYSON, President,
MANUFACTORY OF
BI-CHROMATE OF POTASH,
Having large "Works in the South-Eastern part of the City. Started in 1845. For
several years the markets in the United States have been mainly
supplied with Bi-Chromate by this Establishment.
WM. STUAKT SYMINUTON. THOS. A. SYMINGTON.
Patapsco Chemical Works,
SYMINGTON BROS. & CO.

MANUFACTURERS OF

ACIDS & OTHER CHEMICALS,
Works on Locust Point, Office, 44 South Street,
 BALTIMOEE. 
CHAS. F. PITT & SONS,
Importers and Commission Merchants,
116 LOMBARD STREET,
Baltimore.
Soda Ash, Caustic Soda, Sal Soda,
Rosin, Indigo, Jute Butts, &e.
1VM. DAVISON & CO.
MANUFACTURERS OF
VARNISHES, WHITE LEAD,
FEENCH AND AMERICAN ZINCS IN OIL,
Epsom Salts, Refined Saltpetre, Spanish Brown,
Venitian Red, Colors, Putty,
Lamp Black, Sj-c.
104 West Lombard Street, Baltimore.

226 The Monumental City,
WM. DAVISON, President. GILBERT T. SMITH, Sec'y.
Maryland White Lead Company
OF THE CITY OF BALTIMORE.

i'U

Manufacturers of

^A-nxriD

Office— No. 89 West Lombard Street.
Factory — Locust Point.

%

DIEECTOES.
CHARLES J. BAKER, THOMAS M. SMITH,
JAMES E. TYSON, JOHN GREGG.
Incorporated 1867,
CAPITAL, ..$300,00 0.
With a corroding capacity of 3,000 tons and upwards per annum, this
Company possesses unsurpassed facilities for the manufacture of WHITE
LEAD, (dry and ground in oil,) which is guaranteed to be strictly pure
and in every respect equal in quality to the very finest made.

Its Past History and Present Resources. 227
THOS. & JNO. M. SMITH,

LINSEED OIL,
Nos. 121 and 123 Smith's Wharf,
BALTIMOEE.
Flaxseed Bought.
READ! READ! READ!--CREAT DISCOVERY!

[Made from Pure White Lead, Linseed Oil and Zinc,
and always Ready for use.
Sold by the Gallon.
ONE GALLON COVERS 20 SQUARE YARDS TWO COATS.
C. P. KNIGHT,
SOLE AGENT,
No. 93 W. LOMBARD ST., BALTIMOEE.
Specimens and Price List furnished i

The Plains, Fauquier Co., Va., February 6th, 1873.
Mb. C. P. Knight — Sir: — The "Paint" came safely to hand as ordered — two kegs, five
gallons each, and three buckets, one gallon each. As practice was slack, I did the job
myself. Two weeks, not constant work, completed the house, two coats. The last coat
I applied thick, and it is now generally conceded, that for "Enamel" like hardness, and
body, and harmony of colors, there is not a handsomer job in the place. I saved sixty-
five ($65) dollars by the operation, which is an item just now with " Southern People."
It should be generally adopted in this State. Any country lad can apply it.
I never dabbed in such stock as Testimonials, but I feel so forcibly the great adapta
bility of your "Enamel Paint" to the wants of our people in excellency of material, in
beauty of color, and in the fact of its being ready mixed, that I give you free permission
(if it is desirable to you) to make what use you think proper of this letter.
Very respectfully and truly, S. McGILL, M. D.

Naval Stores.

(HE steady improvement in the market for Naval Stores in our City is
due to greater facilities as well as lower rates of freights arising from
shorter lines of road, which enable Baltimore to compete favorably with
Northern markets.
The establishment of additional lines of Steamers to Europe will soon
restore the foreign freight room of which the introduction of steam lines
temporarily deprived our city by monopolizing the more lucrative freights

•228 The Monumental City,
and thus dispensing with a large number of sailing vessels. The superiority
-of Baltimore over any one Southern market lies in the fact that, receiving
from all points South, she can offer the produce of many markets,' and
forward in thorough order, merchandize which has been in transit from two
to five days, the time requisite for reaching the City.
We append the receipts at this port for the last five years:
Years. Spirits. Rosin. Tar. Pitch.
1872,  21,407  77,990  10,207  3,168
1871,  22,852  79,352  11,302  1,941
1870,  15,523  66,003  8,088  781
1869,  14,434  51,520  5,686  870
1868,  11,646  ...53,904  6,629  649
Edgar M. Lazarus. Robt. A. Taylor.
E. M. LAZARUS & CO.
COMMISSION MERCHANTS
59 S. Gray Street, Baltimore,
FOR THE SALE OF
COTTON and NAVAL STORES.
KEEPING CONSTANTLY ON HAND
SPIRITS TURPENTINE, all grades of ROSIN, all sizes
and kinds of TAR and PITCH.
¦C. Morton Stewart. Frank Frick.
C. MORTON STEWART & CO.
GENEEAL 1th

BALTIMORE.

*L. JT. HOPKINS. JOHNS H. IANNET.
HOPKINS & JANNEY,
COMMISSION MERCHANTS
FOR SALE OF
Goti on, Naval Stores, c£c

18 SPEAR'S WHARF, BALTIMORE.

Its Past History and Present Eesources. 229-
Window Glass and Glass Ware.

jj$EW articles admit of more general consumption than Glass, and still
!|!| fewer are liable to a more constant demand. Its varied uses and its
***• brittle character make it the subject of constant solicitude alike to the
housekeeper and the merchant, and its plentifulness and cheapness a matter
of no little consideration. The attention of the trade of Baltimore was turned
to the manufacture of Window Glass and Glass Ware in the very infancy of
the City; and the matter of its production and sale was of great importance,
when only the most sanguine of our citizens dared hope for the splendid
future that has since dawned upon her. A Glass Factory known as the
"Baltimore Glass Works," was established on Federal Hill, on the south side
of the Basin, during the year 1790, and was among the first establishments of
that description in America. Por nearly eighty years it has been in continu
ous and successful operation, undergoing from time to time vast additions
and extensive improvements. Sixteen years since, a new factory was started
at the Spring Gardens for the manufacture of Bottles, Vials, Jars, &c. In
1858 this factory changed proprietors, and like its predecessor has undergone
many improvements, its capacity having been enlarged at various times until
at present there are in operation two furnaces for the manufacture of Bottles,
Vials, Jars, Flasks, Demijohns and a great variety of other articles. One
flint furnace from which are turned out Tumblers, Chimneys, Jars, Vials,
Cologne and Extract Bottles and all the little Glass articles for the toilet, and
the perfumers art. These works employ some two hundred hands and manu
facture yearly $200,000 worth of Glass Ware. For the manufacture of this
large amount of Glass it may be interesting to enumerate some few of the
more important materials consumed. In the space of twelve months thia
factory uses 500 casks of soda ash, 2,000 tons of coal, 500 tons of packing hay
and straw, 2,000 tons of sand, 50 tons of marl, 1,000 cords of wood, 500 tons
of lime, 1,000,000 feet of lumber, 10 tons of iron, 50 tons of pot-olay, 300
kegs of nails, &c, &c.
The Baltimore Window Glass Works have two large furnaces in operation
employing about one hundred hands and manufacturing 60,000 boxes of
Window Glass and Coach Glass for cars and coaches, Picture Glass,
&c, annually amounting to $160,000. In addition to the establish
ments mentioned above, there are also the Maryland Glass Works. Thia-
factory, erected some years ago on the Spring Gardens has rapidly developed
into importance and is at present turning out at least 30,000 boxes of Window
Glass annually, employing a large number of hands and consuming 250 tons
of soda ash, 600 tons of sand, 1,600 tons of coal, 500 cords of wood, 40 tons
of pot-clay and a large quantity of lumber. From the above it will be seen
that the production of Window Glass alone, during the year, amounts to

230

The Monumental City,

90,000 boxes, being an increase since the year 1865 of 60,000 boxes. The
increase in the manufacture of Glass Ware during that time has doubled,
making the annual value of the manufacture of the two articles in this City
at present, something under a million of dollars. The facilities for its manu
facture are great. The reputation of Glass made in Baltimore has always
been the highest ; and the merchants engaged in the business are not only
thoroughly acquainted with all its minutia, but are among our most influen
tial and substantial business men, and they have made this City a market
where all the articles of Glass manufacture can be purchased at the lowest
prices, and on the most desirable terms.
MARYLAND WINDOW

WAREHOUSE And
OFFICE,
112 Lombard St.
BALTIMORE.

FACTORY,

Foot of
Leadenhall St.

BALTIMORE.

SEIM, EMORY & SWINDELL,
Manufacturers of Baltimore Window Glass,
AND IMPORTERS OF
French and Crystal Plate, Paints, Oils, Glaziers' Diamonds, &c.
F. T. HOLTHAUS. H. C. HOLTHAUS.
F. T. HOLTHAUS & SON,
MANUFACTURERS AND IMPORTERS OF
Window Glass, White Lead and Zinc,
VARNISHES, BRUSHES, COLORS,
. GLAZIERS' DIAMONDS, &c, &c.
51 S. Charles Street, BALTIMORE.

Its Past History and Present Resources. 231

WM. KING. ESTABLISHED 1830. WALLACE KING.

WM. KING & BEO.

IMPORTERS OF

FRENCH

WINDOW GLASS
Colored, Enamelled and Fancy

illll

W

Id\\ ,4iii, |:'jrjk( '¦¦•; W?i

Nos. 2 & 24 LIBERTY STREET,

The Monumental City, Its Past History, Etc. 233
CHARLES J. BAKER. WM. BAKER, Je. CHARLES E. BAKER. GEO. B. BAKER
BAKER BROTHERS & CO.
MANUFACTURERS OP
BALTIMORE

Druggists and Perfumers'"
FLINT & GREEN GLASSWARE,
Demijohns, Wine Bottles, Flasks, &c.
IMPORTERS AND DEALERS EST
FRENCH WINDOW GLASS,
CHEMICALS, FAINTS, OILS, &c.

OFFICE AND WAREHOUSES,
32 & 34 S. CHAELE8 STREET.
WINDOW GLASS FACTORIES, BOTTLE FACTORIES,
Federal Mill. Spring Gardens & Eutaw St.
15

234

The Monumental City,

Thorough House-Furnishing Establishment!

SAMUEL CHILD & GO.
NO. 20 NORTH CHARLES STREET,
DIRECT IMPORTERS OF
FINE FRENCH DECORATED CHINA,
Fine French China plain white, Fine English China do. do.
Fine French, English & Bohemian TABLE GLASS. INDIA CHINA, beautifully deco
rated. Also, BLUE CANTON and NANKEEN WAKE. FINE IVORY TABLE
CUTLERY. Fine Triple Plated Tea Sets, Casters, Cake Baskets, Butter Dishes,
Ice Pitchers, Waiters, Goblets, &c. &c. Fine quality Heavy Block TIN, Ja
panned and Plain TIN WARE. BASKETS. KITCHEN UTENSILS, and
MANUFACTURERS OF THE CELEBRATED ICELAND REFRIGERATOR.

J. P. AMMIDON.

D. P. HATNES.

GEORGE LOCKWOOD.

347 WEST BALTIMORE and 60 GERMAN STS.,
BALTIMORE.
IMPOETERS -A-.TXr:D JOBBERS I"N*
FRENCH AND ENGLISH CHINA,

OF EVERY DESCRIPTION.
Lamps and Chandeliers, Table Glassware,
CASTORS,
Srcoons, Tea Trays and Table Cutlery, &c, &c.
BURNING AND LUBRICATING OILS.
We invite attention of purchasers from every section of the country, to our large, varied,
and constantly replenished stock of goods, which we can confidently say, is unequalled in
quality and adaptation to the wants of our customers. The facilities for importation of
English Earthenware into the Port of Baltimore are such, that we do not hesitate to say,
we can offer advantages to close buyers which other cities cannot.
We keep constantly on hand a large assortment of Original and Assorted Packages of
Queensware, Lamp Goods and Glassware at very low figures.
Prices and Goods guaranteed.
^MMIDOIST & oo.

Its Past History and Present Besot/roes. 235
Mcdowell & co.

No. 364 Baltimore St.
Opposite Hanover Street, BAL T IJXLORE.
Guano and Fertilizers.

"I",|HILE immense tracts of land are being cleared for cultivation in the
West, and grain is becoming so plentiful as to be used in some in
stances for fuel, the soil nearer home in many cases is suffering a
corresponding decrease in productiveness from the thriftless mode of tillage
adopted by some, and the great tax of its powers by all farmers in their efforts
to secure from it the very greatest possible yield. It is gratifying to know
however, that this destructive policy has been in a measure checked during
the last few years, and that more enlightened farmers and agriculturists have
begun to learn the importance of recuperating worn-out lands by means of
the various kinds of Fertilizers. Cotton planting, tobacco culture, and a
number of the crops grown in the Bast and South, are more exhaustive in
their effects upon the soil than grain, and hence the greater necessity for the
use of Fertilizers in their cultivation. A growing conviction of the true
value of these Fertilizers has caused their manufacture and distribution to
become a most important branch of the trade of Baltimore. This City was
the first and for many years the only port in the country for the importation
and sale of Peruvian Guano — a business which was begun as early as the
year 1832. For a long time the Guano was used in the crude state, just as it
came from the Islands, but the advance made in the science of Agricultural
Chemistry led to the discovery that the force of this Fertilizer might be
greatly increased, and a large proportion of the amount imported is now used
in the preparation of artificial Fertilizers. Into their manufacture also enter
large quantities of bone, and the offal from the slaughter-houses, both of Bal
timore and the West. The factories for the preparation of these articles are
located chiefly in South and East Baltimore, and occupy a very considerable
area of ground. In the same portion of the City are extensive Chemical
Works for the manufacture of sulphuric acid, or oil of vitriol, of which
agent an immense quantity is used in making Fertilizers. The analysis of
new soils and numberless experiments largely increase the list of artificial

236 The Monumental City, Its Past History, Etc.
manures from year to year, and so numerous are now the different compositions,
from the same general basis, that almost all are designated by some proprie
tary name, to give a list of which would be outside of the purpose of this work.
The ease with which these Fertilizers can be adulterated makes the
trade peculiarly liable to fraud. It is matter of congratulation that the
gentlemen engaged in this business in our City are persons of such standing
and tone in the community as to preclude the idea of deception in the manu
facture or sale of these compounds.
Suffice it to say, that all the varieties of Fertilizers known to the trade and
likely to be beneficial to any known soil, can be purchased in Baltimore on as
reasonable terms as elsewhere, while the facilities for shipment to any part of
the country are unrivalled.
fertilizers!
Maryland Fertilizing and Manufacturing Company,
WARREN, HAMBURG, GATES AND HENRY STREETS,
OFFICE, No. 4 S. HOLLIDAT ST.,
Manufacture Fertilizers of the highest grade
FOR WHEAT, CORN, VEGETABLES AND ALL SPRING CROPS, COTTON FOOD AND TOBACCO FOOD.
DIRECTORS.
CHARLES J. BAKER, SAM'L H. LYON,
WM. G. HARRISON, ROBERT TURNER,
LAWRENCE SANGSTON, RICHARD H. BAKER.
Farmers are invited to visit these Works and see how and of what materials Fertilizers
are made.
They also manufacture Fertilizers to special Formulas in quantities not less than Ten
Tons, and supply Farmers who desire to manipulate for themselves with all the necessary
materials.
Lawrence Sangston, President.
H. C. HOWARD, Sec'y. J. EDWIN MYERS, Gen'l Agent.
QRCHILLA_GUANQ, AA.
A True Bird Guano, Rich in Phosphates and Alkaline Salts,
From Orchilla Island in the Carribbean Sea, belonging to Venezuela,
Lat. 11° 50' N., Lon. 66° 14' W.
B. M. RHODES & CO.,
AGENTS FOR THE SALE OF ORCHILLA GUANO,
OFFICE, No. 82 South Street, below Corn Exchange,
«@»$30 Per Ton, in Bags. BALTIMORE.

HORNER'S
MARYLAND SUPER PHOSPHATE
contains:
Peruvian Guano  700 lbs.
Bone Dust and Concentrated Animal Matter, 1150 "
Muriate of Potash  150 "

2000

Liberal Discount to Dealers.

m&-*^um&

BONE DUST Ammonia, 3.
Bone Phosphate, 59.63
Soluble Phosphoric Acid, 29.16
Maryland Super Phosphate  $50 per ton.
Bone Meal  50 " "
Tobacco Sustain (extra quantity) Potash  50 " "
Bone Dust  45 " "
Dissolved Bone  48 *' "
Ground Plaster  $1.75 per bbl.
Peruvian Guano, Oil Vitriol, Potash, and other Chemi
cals for Fertilizing.
JVew Bags and no charge for delivery.
JOSHUA HORNER, jr.
54 S. GAT STREET.

The Monumental City, Its Past History, Etc.

239

CHAPPELLS CHEMICAL WORKS,

ESTABLISHED 1845,

T&^NTJFA-CTOTt^r OF

AND

COTTON KING-

m-ffiQirufii

PENDLETON'S GUANO COMPOUND,

EMPIRE GUANO,
AND
[III IT 1ft

P. S. CHAPPELL,
Proprietor,
OFFICE, 31 SOUTH STREET,
Baltimore.

240 The Monumental City,
The Pacific Guano Company's
(CAPITAL $1,000,000.)
SOLUBLE PACIFIC GUANO.
JOHN S. REESE & CO.
GENERAL AGENTS,
 BALTIMOEE.
WHITELOCK'S VEGETATOR
ADAPTED TO
EVERY SPECIES OF CROPS AND ALL KINDS OF SOILS.
This manure is prepared with great care from the best
materials. It is uniform in quality and
always in a suitable condition
for drilling.
MANUFACTURED BY
W. WHITELOCK & CO.
44 South Street,
BALTIMORE.

The undersigned would call the attention of Farmers and Planters to their stock of
Peruvian Guanape Guano, AA., A., B. & C. Mexican Guano,
Md. Fertilizing Co's Cotton Food & Ammoniated Phosphate.
AU of which we will guarantee. Orders for all PHOSPHATES of known value will
receive our prompt attention. We also solicit orders for
CORN, OATS, HAY, &o. <&c.
Our facilities and experience of thirty -five years will warrant satisfaction.
FlEI.lt SEED OF ALL DESCRIPTIONS CONSTANTLY ON HAND.
"We respectfully solicit correspondence.
ROBERT TURNER & SON, 43 & 46 S. Frederick St., Baltimore.

Its Past Histoky and Present Resources. 241
joseph reynolds. aug. c. phacht.
CHESAPEAKE GUANO
An Ammoniated Soluble Phosphate,
Containing all the Properties of Bone and Peruvian Guano,
Manufactured and sold by
ISAAC REYNOLDS & SONS,
BALTIMORE.
Send for Circulars containing Analysis and Certificates.
Maryland Life Insurance Co.
No, 10 South Street, Baltimore.

Marble.
L "tITHIN a few miles of Baltimore on the line of the Northern Central Rail
way are located quarries of Marble practically inexhaustible, and of a
quality which rivals that found in any other portion of the country.
These quarries have been worked for many years. Their convenient location
along one of the main lines of railroad leading out of our city, has enabled
their owners to supply the material at prices remunerative to themselves, and
favorable to purchasers. Immense quantities of the Marble have been shipped
to Baltimore and other cities. The monolithic columns of the Capitol at Wash
ington, and many of the public buildings in that city built of this material,
are ample evidence of the quality of Baltimore County Marble, and the
estimation in which it is held by those best qualified to judge, and the
numerous buildings that have been erected in our own city are an indication
of its appreciation by those who reside in Baltimore. The new City Hall, a
magnificent edifice recently erected in our midst, has been constructed entirely
of Marble from these quarries, as was also the Washington Monument. —
Immense blocks of the crude stone can be taken out and shipped to market ;
blocks in fact, of any size likely to be required for practical purposes. It is
susceptible of the very highest polish, and is largely used for ornamental
purposes. Large establishments exist in our city for cutting and dressing Marble,
which employ a number of hands and are furnished with the most improved
Bteam machinery.

242 The Monumental City,
HUGH SISSON,

flnr *» m if& 1 «* ill
if i

Comer North and Monument Streets,
BALTIMORE.

CONSTANTLY ON HAND AND MAKES TO ORDER
MONUMENTS, TOMBS,
MANTELS,
FURNITURE SLABS, TILE-COUNTERS, &c.
OF THE DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF MARBLE.
Also Furnishes the Trade with Marble Cut to Size.
BALTIMORE FRENCH BURR MILL STONE
Manufactory and Mill Furnishing Establishment,
DEALERS IN
BOLTING CLOTHES,
SMUT MACHINES, MILL BUSHES, PROOF STAFF, LEATHER AND GUM
BELTING, MILL PICKS AND HAMMERS, and MILL FIXTURES of every
description. Also ESOPIUS, COCALICO and COLOGNE MILL STONES.
B. E\ 8TAER & CO.
173 North Street, cor. of Centre, Baltimore.
HORACE NOBLE. C. W. WILSON.
NOBLE Sd WILSON,
Manufacturers]of Fire and Water-Proof
PLASTIC SLATE ROOFING MATERIALS,
SLATE FLOUR, COAL TAB, ROOFING FELT, CLEATINGS, &o.
Plastic Slate Roof applied to any style of Building.
Office, No. 3 Post Office Avenue, Baltimore.
THE PLASTIC SLATE, as a Roofing material, stands unrivalled. A mastic, it adapts
itself to every shape and slope. Non-combustible, impervious, non-expansive and unde-
caying — frost does not crack, nor heat dissolve it. Possessing all the advantages of a sheet
slate roof without its joints and crevices. Being susceptible of little, if any, wear from
exposure, and perfectly fire-proof, it is unequalled as a coating for Railroad and Farm
Buildings, Bridges, &c. Oedebs for Shipping Promptly Attended to.

Its Past History akd Present Kesouroes.

24a

Xifs&i '•; \<z>:

Tmiril

COFFIN WARE-ROOMS N95 4 * 6
^DRUIOHILL AVE«UE,NEAR EUTAW ST., %
BALTIMORE.WD.

FURNISHING UNDERTAKER
AND
Manufacturer of

Metalic, Lead and all
desceiptions of
COFFINS
Furnished in the best style
and manner.
FUNERALS
Promptly and carefully
conducted.

Baltimore Frame and Moulding Works.
 -ex*— 

MOULDINGS OF ALL DESCRIPTIONS,
VELVET AND PAPER MATTS,
Nos. 29, 31, 33, 35, 37 and 39 LEADENHALL STREET,
BALTIMORE.
JAMES L. PERRIGO, Superintendent.

244 The Monumental City,
BALTIMORE CAR WHEEL CO.
OFFICE, 15 SOUTH STREET,
CAPACITY 300 WHEELS PER DAY,

MANUFACTURE WHEELS FOR
CITY or STEAM RAILWAYS,
WITH OR WITHOUT AXLES,
WHEELS OF ALL PATTERNS
Made to Order and in Stock, of Baltimore Irons,
Annealed by Cochran's Process, Warranted Free from
Strain and Equal in Tenacity and Uniformity
of Chill to any Wheels made.
W. 8. G. BAKER, President. W. J. COCHRAN, Superintendent.

WORKS, Cor. Essex and Concord Streets, Canton, Baltimore.

Its Past History and Present Eesources.

245

The Chesapeake Dredging Company
OF
Baltimore County, Maryland.

PRESIDENT,
THOMAS C. BASSHOR.

DI R ECTO RS ,
THOMAS C. BASSHOR, J. H, TEEMYER,
FRANKLIN B. COLTON,
WILLIAM KIMMELL.

JOHN 0. EVANS,

Builders and Operators of Dredging Machines and Tug-boats, Contractors
for the construction of Piers, Bridges, Wharfs, Floating and Dry Docks,
Marine Bailways, Timber and Stone Foundations. _„„„„
Owners and Operators of the SHAW GUN-POWDEK PILE DEIVING
MACHINES, for Baltimore City and County, Anne Arundel County, Md.,
Alexandria, and Fairfax County, Va., and the District of Columbia.
MAIN OFFICE— 10th Avenue, near foot of Clinton St.,
Canton.
BRANCH OFFICE— 5 Postoffice Avenue, Baltimore.
" " 341 Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington, D. C.
COMMVNICATION8 ADBBESSEB- TO
JOHN H. TEEMYER, Secretary.

246 The Monumental City,
SA.TU>1, BTJBNS. GEO. F. SIiOAJT.

No. 132 Light Street Wharf, BALTIMORE.
BUILDING AND HARD WOOD
Doors, ©ash., Bricks, &o.
IN LOTS TO SUIT.

Fire Bricks and Potteries.

^FtALTIMORE possesses superior advantages for the manufacture of all
a I kinds of Bricks. The surface of our soil is underlaid with clays which
W are manufactured into all varieties of ware constructed of clay — Stone
ware, Pottery, Terra-Cotta, and Chemical Ware the most difficult and important
of all. The largest kinds of Fire Blocks, and Betorts for the use of zinc works,
sugar refineries and gas works, some of the latter weighing considerably over a
ton, are manufactured in Baltimore. No place in the country affords such fine
material for these varied industries. In Pottery Ware alone Baltimore should
surpass Trenton, and command the trade of the West and South. With
grounds for these establishments at a nominal price contiguous to rail and
water transportation, and the clays often on their sites, it is a wonder that
more capital and enterprise should not have sought investment in them with
such assurance of success.
There is already one concern manufacturing refractory materials which is
sending its Betorts, Fire Bricks, Sewer Pipes, Tiles, &c, &c, to the remotest
sections of the country, from Maine to Louisiana and westward, even across
the Mississippi, with a rapidly increasing business. The manufacture of
artificial hydraulic cement, similar to the far-famed English Portland and
Boman Cements, might be developed here to an almost unlimited extent
with our variety of clays and limes in close proximity. These manufactures
of raw material, direct from the soil where it is lying awaiting the skilled
labor which capital can so easily provide, are the most solid source of per
manent wealth to any community.

Its Past History and Present Resources. 247
Baltimore Retort & Fire Brick Works,
GEORGE O. HICKS & CO.
BALTIMORE.
Office, 3 S. HoUiday St. Manufactory, Locust Point.

STANDARD CLAY RETORTS,
TILES OF ALL KINDS,
FIRE BRICKS
OF ALL QUALITIES, SHAPES AND SIZES,
Fire Cement, Fire Mortar, Fire Clay
AND
KAOLIK,
STOVE LININGK3 AND
FURNACE BRICKS,
Vitrified, Steam Pressed, Drain & Sewer Pipe,
AND
MANUFACTURES OF CLAY IN GENERAL.
A LARGE STOCK ALWAYS ON HAND.

248 The Monumental City,
Bricks.

|EW persons who walk the streets or cast their eyes up to the substantial
dwellings which line them, care to inquire how many distinct bricks
were used in their construction, and yet perhaps could the number be
ascertained, it would foot up an array of figures, by the side of which those
that express the combined national debts of all the nations on the globe,
would dwarf into insignificance. As new buildings are erected or old ones
repaired, new streets paved or old ones mended, the number required is indefi
nitely increased; and the system adopted long since by the municipal authorities
of this City to allow none but Brick, Stone or Iron dwellings to be built,
save under peculiar circumstances, while a very great advantage to the City,
has marvelously increased the demand for bricks. It will probably not
astonish any of our readers then to be informed, that more than 100,000,000
Bricks are manufactured in and about the City of Baltimore annually. The
clay in the vicinity of Baltimore, the finest in the world, is peculiarly adapted
to the manufacture of Brick, and the materials used in burning them can be
purchased at rates which render their production, a means of profit to the
manufacturer, while at the same time he can successfully compete in price
with those of any other locality in the country. Extensive Brick yards are
established west of Jones' Falls, on the Washington road, at Moale's Point,
Locust Point, on the Frederick road, east of the Falls at Canton,
Brooklyn and Belair Avenue. One million of dollars is invested in the
business, 2,000 hands are employed, 25,000 tons of coal, and 2,000 cords of
wood are consumed in their production. The quality of the Bricks made in
this City is unsurpassed by that of any made in the United States, and Balti
more Pressed Brick are superior to any made in the world, as is evidenced by
the fact that they are shipped to all seaport towns, and along all the different
railroad lines leading out of Baltimore. The increased demand for Pressed
Brick growing out of the fires in the East, has led to their use in that section
to a greater extent than in our own City.
ESTABLISHED 1818.
BURNS, RUSSELL & CO.
MANUFACTURERS OF THE BEST
Pressed, Sand, Paving and Coraraon
BRICKS MADE BY HAND,
YARDS: Washington Road and Annapolis Road,
OFFICE, 30 COLUMBIA STREET,
Pressed Brick a Specialty. BALTIMORE.

Its Past History and Present Kesources. 248-
W. H. PITCHER. y. o. WILSON.
PITCHEE & WILSON,
BRICK MANUFACTURERS, BEST QUALITY OF
DUST AND SAND PRESSED,
Dressed Sand and Hand-Made Common Brick,
YARDS— Washington Road. OFFICE— No. 1 N. Paca St.
All Orders Promptly Attended to. B A L T I M ORE.

Horses and Mules.

FEATUKE of the trade of Baltimore is the traffic in Horses and Mules.
With the exception of the Kentucky market, that of this City is the
~¥~ largest in the United States. The very best Mules raised in America
are to be found in the sale stables of this City, and Horses of heavy draught,
fed upon the blue-grass of the Western States, and notoriously free from the
imperfections and disorders to which Horses are liable, are brought to this
City for sale in larger numbers and in better condition than they can be
found elsewhere, save where they are raised. In fancy Horses for road pur
poses the market does not pretend to compete with that of New York, where
the best breeds of trotters are raised, and where the demand is always great,
though of late years even in this respect, Baltimore has been by no means
insignificant ; but the market is always stocked with medium Horses at fair
prices, and the character of those engaged in the business is a guarantee to
buyers that their representations are correct. The finest Mules in the world
are sold here in large numbers for home use, while many are shipped from
this point to the South and the West Indies. The market is more active
usually during the Fall and Spring months, but an adequate supply may
be found in the City at all times. Baltimore possesses unusual facilities
for the shipment of these valuable animals, and the Baltimore and Ohio
Eailroad is at present perfecting arrangements for the transportation of live
stock, which will doubtless create a large addition to the trade. The Stable
accommodations are admirable, and Western men have heretofore shown a
very decided preference for our City.
It is estimated that from eighteen to twenty thousand Mules and Horses
pass through this market annually, and with the increase of railroad facili
ties it is safe to predict a corresponding increase in the trade.

250

The Monumental City,

JryahiJ

iutiwuie

Nos. € and 8 jy. Charles Street, Baltimore.

W. H. SADI,EB, Pres't.

The Cattle Market.

JHE Cattle Market of Baltimore has long been famous. The City occu
pying as she does a central position on the Atlantic Coast, in striking
distance of the various grazing fields by her railroad connections and
water communication, and contiguous to broad stretches of fertile countryj
where grass and forage of every description are plentiful, her market has
always been supplied with superior beeves, hogs and sheep. The market is
furnished from Virginia, West Virginia, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Kentucky,
Missouri, Illinois, Texas, North Carolina, Indiana and Ohio. The facilities
offered to drovers in Baltimore are considered by stockmen from other cities
the finest in the United States, both as regards stabling and the dues re
quired of them. The trade is steadily on the increase, and the accommoda
tions which competing lines of railroad now offer will give it an impetus in
the future. We append the monthly receipts of live stock for the years
1871 and 1872, as reported at the State Scales :

1871.

187S.
Beeves.
Hogs.
Sheep.
Beeves.
Hogs.
Sheep.
January,
5,974
18,172
11,175
6,632
29,306
6,941
February,
6,758
23,136
16,756
6,370
36,099
11,173
March,
3,115
17,552
5,351
4,202
27,471
6,170
April,
3,983
16,794
7,504
3,727
25,419
6,620
May,
3,684
22,811
12,598
3,703
27,101
13,537
June,
4,318
23,477
9,529
5,857
30,684
18,662
July,
5,959
20,181
20,313
4,457
24,879
11,995
August,
8,341
22,247
17,309
8,304
31,729
19,317
September,
12,939
27,233
16,370
12,313
36,271
16,161
October,
14,432
37,873
20,316
17,993
48,975
20,807
November,
14,658
45,811
15,631
9,394
37,579
11,628
December,
5,587
27,697
5,672
7,450
7,625
37,217
89,748 303,284 158,624 90,402 363,138 180,228
Its Past History and Present Eesouroes.

251

Hotels.

|;E.RHAPS no feature contributes more directly to the rapid development
of a city than the number, convenience and comfort of its Hotels. —
Without these indispensable adjuncts it is like a well selected library with
no means of access to the shelves. The books may be very instructive and
entertaining but the public will never discover the fact by personal inspection.
For a long time Baltimore was behind the spirit of the age in this respect.
Her public houses were few and far between, and partook more of the home
liness of the old road-side inns than of the elegance and luxury of modern
caravanseries. Thanks to the spirit of enterprise which has manifested itself
in the Monumental City during the past decade, old things have passed away,
at least so far as they retard our progress, and Baltimore to-day is as well sup
plied with Hotels in proportion to the number of her inhabitants as any
city in America — further, they are as splendidly fitted up and give as much

m^xx~fxix>®

¦XXXXX

1,4, "- ; ^.v^- , . -y

GUY'S HOTEL, ON THE EUROPEAN PLAN, BALTIMORE.
comfort to visitors. "The Carrollton," recently erected on Light Street, with
a front on Baltimore Street, the main thoroughfare of the City, is admirably
located. Situated in the very heart of Baltimore, it is convenient both for
business and pleasure. Sumptuous in its appointments, it is furnished with
every improvement that modern taste or ingenuity can suggest, and will com
pare favorably with any of the recently constructed Hotels in this country.
We cite the Carrollton, not because it is superior to others, but as an illustra
tion. "Barnums" is an old established house and has a cosmopolitan
reputation. There is a number of other first-class Hotels in the City whose
accommodations have proved ample for all the demands of the greatest
exigencies that have occurred within the past few years. Baltimore is well
supplied with a cheaper class of Hotels, whose outer finish, interior comforts
and excellent tables, have earned for them an enviable reputation both at home,
and with strangers.
16

252

The Monumental Citt,

^xxtmm^^m

ndilfJ

I

'jfl

!:(%'

PWfcgtumtK

«# | - ^^'^ali^Jx^

«s£

This new and beautiful Hotel, located upon the site of the "Old Fountain
Hotel," extended by an elegant front on Baltimore Street, is convenient alike
to the business man and the tourist.
It is the only Hotel in Baltimore of the new Style, embracing Elevators,
Suits of Booms, with Baths, and all conveniences; perfect ventilation and
light throughout, and was planned and built as a Hotel, new from its
foundation. Its elegant and convenient Office and Exchange Boom, with Telegraph, &c,
will at all times, be at the disposal of the merchants and citizens of the City —
its builders.
The location of the Ladies' Entrance on Baltimore Street, and the beautiful
Drawing Kooms connected therewith, will give to families more than the
usual degree of quietude and seclusion.
The undersigned refers to his career of over thirty years as a Hotel Mana
ger in New York and Baltimore, feels confident, that with a new and modern
house, he can give entire satisfaction to his guests.

®

BALTIMORE.

Proprietor.

Its Past History and Present Resources.

253

The Houses kept on the European plan in this City are worthy of special
mention. They are numerous and fitted up in a style of elegance combined
with perfect taste which is really exceptional. Among these is " Guy's Monu
ment House" — Established at an early period in the history of Baltimore, it
has steadily preserved its reputation as a house where gentlemen are treated as
though they were at their own homes. The Maryland Club, the oldest organi
zation of that description in this country, was formed at " Guy's." This suffi
ciently expresses the character of the men who resorted thither years ago, and it
is only necessary to say that there has been no alteration since then in the nature
of the guests. The Guys were eminently a set of men who knew how to
keep a hotel, and the mantle that fell from the shoulders of the last of the
name has been very creditably worn by the present proprietor. The cuisine
of this establishment has acquired fame in many portions of this country, and
more than once has its excellence been attested by orders from Europe. A
number of other houses conducted upon the same plan, offer to visitors
during their sojourn in our City, both the comforts of home and all the lux
uries that taste and money can supply, while their moderate charges especially
recommend them to the travelling public.

MANSION HOUSEJ
HOTEL.
I. ALBERTSON,
PROPRIETOR.
Cor. Fayette and St. Paul Streets, I i
BALTIMORE.
Capacity, 200 Guests.
Persons taking the City Pas- t|
senger Cars, will ride to the Cor- ¦
ner of St. Paul Street, within a *|
few steps of the Mansion House. ,§

JmeJ

mnsninwuiQ

Nos. 6 and 8 N. Charles Street, Baltimore.

W. H. SADLEB, Pres't.

THOMAS E. HAMBLETON, Insurance Broker,
Will attend to obtaining Insurance against Fire, Marine and Life, for all persons
entrusting their Insurance business to his care, without charge to the Insured for his services.
And from his long ezperience as an Underwriter hopes to give satisfaction, in placing risks
in reliable Companies in this country or Europe. . Prompt attention given to all letters
OFFICE, No. 10 SOUTH STREET, BALTIMORE.

254 The Monumental City, Its Past History, Etc.
MARYLAND

OF BALTIMOEE.
ORGANIZED 1865.
Office in Co.'s Building, 10 South St.
ASSETS, - - $750,000.
Paid up Guarantee Capital $100,000, Deposited with the
Treasurer of the State of Maryland.

well-established Maryland Company grants Insurance upon Lives
upon all the most approved Plans, and at the Lowest Bates consistent with
undoubted security.
DIVIDENDS MADE ANNUALLY.
GEORGE P. THOMAS, President.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
HAMILTON EASTER, HIEAM WOODS,
ALLEN A. CHAPMAN, THOMAS CASSARD,
GEORGE P. THOMAS, GEORGE H. MILLER,
HUGH SISSON, WILLIAM DEVRIES,
CHARLES WEBB.
A. K. BOAED, Secretary.
CLAYTON C. HALL, Ass't Sec'y and Actuary.
T. "W. MATTHEWS, Manager of Agencies.
J. W. F. HANK, M. D., Medical Examiner.
CHRISTOPHER JOHNSTON, M. D.f \- ... _. . .
PRANK DONALDSON, M. D., \ ****** PhyS10ianS-

G. R. VICKERS' OFFICE BUILDING.

GERMAN STREET, NEAR SOUTH ST., BALTIMORE.

256 The Monumental City,
INCORPORATED 1794.

Charter ML Xg&XXM ^P^1-

BALTIMORE EQUITABLE SOCIETY
F O *R
INSURING HOUSES AND FURNITURE FROM LOSS BY FIRE,
Office, No. 19 South Street, Baltimore.
This old and favorite Office continues to Insure Houses and Furniture from Loss or
damage by Fire, by the year, for a small premium, or on the Mutual Plan, perpetually;
and will also grant CARPENTERS' RISKS on pleasing terms.
Persons Insuring their Property in this Office on" the Permanent Plan have no greater
responsibility than the amount of their deposits.
DIREC TO IR, S .
Thos. Kelso, Samuel Bevan, Samuel Kirby, "Wm. S. Rayner,
Wm. Kennedy, John M. Orem, Wm. E. Hooper, James H. Brown,
Micahel Warner, John R. Kelso, Wm. J. Rieman, George J. Appold.
FRANCIS A . CROOK, Treas, HUGH B. JONES, Seo'y.
Howard Fire Insurance Company
OF BALTIMORE,
OFFICE N. W. COR. SOUTH AND WATER STREETS.
Incorporated 1856. Cash Capital $200,000.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
ANDREW REESE,  President.
Samuel Appold, Aaron Fenton, J. Stricker Jenkins, Samuel R. Smith,
M. Benzinqer. Chas. Hoffman. James M. Pouder, Jacob H. Taylor,
Isaac M. Denson, Sam'l T. Hatch, E. H. Perkins, H. J. Werdebaugh .
J. II. KATZEXBERGER, Secretary. •
PEABODY FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY,
SECOND STREET,
ADJOINING POSTOFFICE, ON THE WEST,
INSURES ALL DESCRIPTIONS OF BUILDINGS
IN THE CITY AND COUNTRY,
ANNUALLY, OR FOR SHORT TERMS.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
THOMAS I. CAREY, President. RICHARD B. POST, Secretory.
GALLOWAY CHESTON, JESSE TYSON, H. D. HARVEY,
ENOCH PRATT, JOHNS HOPKINS, JAMES CAREY,
THOMAS WHITRIDGE, JNO. H. B. LATROBE, AUGUSTUS KOHLER.
WM. KENNEDY,

Its Past Histoky and Present Resoukoes.

257

Baltimore Fire Insurance Co.
INCORPORA.TED 1807.
S. W. COMER OF SOUTH AND WATER STS.
Capital paid in,  $200,000
Contingent Fund,  $200,000
ASSETS — Invested in first-class Securities, (1st Sept. 1872) $513,876
This Company insures against LOSS OR DAMAGE BY FIRE, in the city or country
on the various descriptions of Property.
Short insurances are also made for any length of time desired — for a single day or longer
period. This Company also issues PERPETUAL OR PERMANENT POLICIES.
WILLIAM G. HARRISON, President.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.

GEORGE E. VICKERS,
DAVID S. WILSON,
JOSIAS PENNINGTON,
FRANCIS T. KING,
HENRY CARROLL,
RICHARD S. STEUART,
WILLIAM H. BRUNE,

HERMAN VON KAPFF,
T. ROBERT JENKINS,
C. MORTON STEWART,
B. F. NEWCOMER,
ORVILLE HORWITZ,
WILLIAM W. TAYLOR,
ISRAEL COHEN,

GEORGE L. HARRISON.
FREDERICK WOODWORTH, Secretary.

258

The Monumental City,

Home Fire Insurance Company of Baltimore,
Office, Marble Building, No. 10 South Street.
Insurance made on every description of Property, for long or short
Periods, in the City or elsewhere, on most favorable Terms.
Perpetual Policies granted on Buildings, on an Economical Plan.
JAMES OWENS, Sec'y. «• HARLAN WILMAMS, Prest.

Hiram Woods,
John Ctjglb,
Lewis Turner,
James L. Barbour,

BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
Hamilton Easter, O. Dipfenderffer, George P. Thomas,
Wm. H. Perkins, James Boyce, John Cassard,
Ferdinand Meter, J.Brown George, Jackson C. Gott,
Charles Markell, G. Harlan Williams. 

PHCENIX FIRE INSURANCE CO.

OFFICE, MARBLE BUILDING, 44 SECOND ST.
WM. F. BURNS, Vice Prest. N. P. CAMPBELL, Prest.
C. W. RUDDACH, Secretary.
DIRECTORS.

WM. P. BURNS,
H. L. WH1TRIDGE,
JOHN J. WIGHT,
WM. H. PEROT,
JAS. H. MILLIKIN,

HoH. WM. P. WHYTE,
WM. T. MARKLAND,
De J. F. monmonier,
ROBT. T. BALDWIN,

WM. R. SEEVERS,
ALFRED JENKINS,
JOHN S REESE,
WM. SEEMULLER,

EDWARD R. LTJSBY,
JNO. A. HAMBLETON,
C. OLIVER O'DONNELL,
IRVIN C. MILLER,
C. M. HAWKINS.

Banks and Bankers.

IHE Banking Capital proper of Baltimore is about fifteen millions of
dollars. Were this all, our City would offer but feeble inducements to
enterprising men to make their homes with us. Such an amount
seems totally inadequate to the necessities of a great commercial emporium,
and a weak exhibit when placed in juxtaposition with the capital held by
the Banks of other cities.
But this is supplemented in a variety of ways which, if not peculiar to Balti
more, at least find their fullest development here. The private Banking Houses
are not only numerous, but solid and substantial. Those in charge of them
are, with scarcely an exception, men of large capital and an extended ex
perience, enabling them to rival the Banks in the magnitude of their opera
tions, and at the same time affording the most ample security to those whose
financial agents they become. There are no bogus Banks or Banking Houses
in the City. While there are Exchanges for the convenience of business
men, and the transactions of legitimate trade, speculation has not yet reared
its front in our midst, and "puts" and "calls" are unknown terms save in
the vocabulary of curb-stone brokers, or the under current of mercantile life,
where obscurity begets immunity, and tends to the preservation of that high
tone which should always characterize commercial communities.

Its Past History and Present Resources. 259
In addition to that furnished by the Banking Houses, a large amount of
floating capital in the hands of our wealthy citizens is constantly seeking
investment, and the large towns of the State, such as Frederick and Anna
polis, are supplied with Banks far beyond the requirements of the trade in
those localities. The surplus capital of these Banks, and in fact that of the
entire State, seeks Baltimore as its natural outlet, and in this manner an
amount of money aggregating many millions of dollars and adequate to the
wants of business is placed in this market.
The marked success of our Banks, their payment of large semi-annual
dividends, and the fact that no failure has occurred among them for thirty
years, are powerful inducements to capitalists from other sections to make
similar investments in this City. The Banking Institutions and private
Banking Houses of Baltimore have shown commendable enterprise, especially
in the buildings they have erected, and some of our handsomest edifices,
replete with architectural adornment and evincing decided taste, having
been built to accommodate their increasing business.
There are in our City upwards of ten Savings Banks and Institutions
embracing the "Savings" feature, with deposits aggregating nearly twenty-
five millions of dollars. This is a creditable showing for Baltimore. These
Banks are established principally for the benefit of the mechanics and labor
ing classes, and are dependent upon them for their success. Such an exhibit
speaks volumes in behalf of the thrift and energy of the larger class of our
population as well as of those to whom they have trusted their earnings.
CENTRAL SAVINGS BANK,
S. E. Corner CHARLES & LEXINCTON STREETS. *

This Savings Bank has been recently established in one of the most central and promi
nent business locations in the city ; its deposits already exceed $500,000, and its depositors
number 4,814.
The Bank is conducted exclusively for the benefit of the depositors — there being no
Stockholders. Four per cent, is annually added to the deposits, and every three years the
Burplus earnings are divided among the depositors — making the average year's interest
thus far 6i per .cent, clear of all taxes.
Sums of any amount received daily, between 10 and 2 o'clock, at the discretion of the
officers. FRANCIS T. KING, President.
JOHN CURLETT, Vice President.
GEO. W. CORNER, CHAS. J. BAKER, THOMAS J. WILSON, DANISL J. FOLEY,
W. B. CANF1ELD, HENRY C. SMITH, WM. WOODWARD, D. L. BARTLETT,
J. B. SEIDENSTRICKER, FRED. W BRUNE, JAMES CAREY, J. F. MONMONIER,
J. M. OREM, ROBERT TURNER, GERMAN H HUNT, CHRISTIAN AX,
WM. BRIDGES, WM. NUMSEN, JESSE TYSON, SAMUEL APPOLD,
GEORGE SANDERS, HAMILTON EASTER.

WILLIAM E. COALE, Treasurer.

260

The Monumental City,

The Savings Bank of Baltimore.

<!<-'m~r~-

THE SAVINGS BANK OF BALTIMORE.

_ The Savings Bank of Baltimore was organized on the first dav of Tanna™ 1«1« « a
incorporated at December session, 1818, being the second'of fhlTi^dlormedT/the8 Unfted
stolks, o^ther S^S^tS Sot S £&f ^aT S ^ ""?« ^ PUMc
By-Laws of the Corporation, the surplus Tprofite to beXwed evervtree Hf '* hj S8
the^oC boVd6yDireCt0rS "* Cll0Sen' annUally' by ^ membefS °f the Corporation, out of
The Directors have power to make such Bv-Law<t or ntw ™i«, „„ tl.
expedient The Corporation is prohibited fror^issumg bills o -note n the naluS &
Notes, and from lending any portion of the funds to a Director °f Bank
Ihe object of this Institution was to encourage the laboring DODulation and nil ir, ™ a
erate circumstances, to lay by something for the future, in KeUef hat the habft Z°t
doing would conduce, not merely to the better support of indivSs anf Lmmes but

Its Past History and Present Eesouroes. 261
promote their moral, as well as physical well being. It is well known to those who have
observed the operation and effect of the Institution on the welfare of the community, that
it has been the instrument of enabling many to become owners of their own dwellings,
and that without involving the necessity of paying forfeits, or running into debt.
For several years the Bank was opened only one day in the week, when its business
was conducted by the Directors in person, these being divided into committees, and per
forming a large part of the clerical labor. The increase however in the number of Depos
itors, and consequent increase of general business, has made it necessary to employ
permanently, officers and clerks, and at this time the daily services of a President, a
Treasurer, an Assistant Treasurer, and several Clerks, are required.
The Depositors, on tbe first day of January, 1873, numbered 28,635, and the funds
amounted to $10,735,394.
The rate of interest paid to the Depositors annually is 4 per cent, and the extra dividends
of surplus profits have made the whole interest distributed more than 6 per cent, as much
as 7i per cent having been divided for the last six years to deposits of one year's standing.
The Bank is open daily, for the receipt and payment of deposits, and for the transaction
of general business, from 10 to 1 o'clock.
OFFICERS.
ARCHIBALD STIRLING, President. DAVID BALDWIN, Treasurer.
SAM'L McDONALD RICHARDSON, Assistant Treasurer.
DIRECTORS.
Archibald Stirling, Joseph Cushing, Jr. Austin Jenkins,
Michael Warner, Thomas C. Jenkins, Thomas M. Smith,
Chatjncey Brooks, Nicholas Popplein, "William Lamping,
Deeter Bargar, Samuel Kirby, Laurence Thomsen,
Edward Kurtz, George S. Brown, Christopher Hinrichs,
Galloway Cheston, George N. Eaton, Enoch Pratt,
William McKlm, Thomas Whitridge, Henry W. Drakely,
William Kennedy, Solomon Corner, Henry James.
James I. Fisher,
THE FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF BALTIMORE,
No. 8 SOUTH GAY STREET.
Organized 1863. Capital, $1,110,000.

DIRECTORS.
JOHNS HOPKINS,
WILLIAM J. ALBERT,
WILLIAM E. HOOPER,
THOMAS KELSO,
HORACE ABBOTT,
SAMUEL M. SHOEMAKER,
GEOGE SMALL,
J. SAURIN NORRIS,
THOMAS PEIRCE.
J. S. NORRIS, President. THOMAS KELSO, Vice President,
E. K. HOLTZMAN, Cashier.

262

The Monumental City,

The Eutaw Savings Bank of Baltimore

The Eutaw Savings Bank of Baltimore was formally organized by the corporators on
the 16th April, 1847, by their acceptance of the Charter granted at tbe December session of
the Maryland Legislature in 1846, and by the election of Directors and Officers.
- At that time a number of public spirited and influential citizens interested in promoting
the general welfare, considered that it was important to establish a Bank in the western
part of the city for the purpose of benefitting widows and orphans, and that important
portion of every large community, who desire the safe-keeping and profitable investment
of their hard earned and careful savings.
The Bank was opened in a small room on Baltimore street, near Eutaw street, and for
many years the services of its devoted President, the late Jesse Hunt, were given for an
almost nominal salary, and the Institution was conducted upon the most economical
system. At the end of 1848 its accumulated deposits and interest amounted to $52,895.21.
In 1858, the business of the Bank had so much increased that it became necessary to erect
a building suitable for its wants, and adapted for the proper care of the large amount of
securities then in its keeping. The present building on the corner of Eutaw and Fayette
streets was then occupied, and the popularity of the Bank continued yearly to increase.
The accumulated deposits and interest at the close of 1872 amounted to $4,197,901.96,
and the number of depositors, having open accounts, to 11,585.
By its Charter, the Eutaw Savings Bank is prohibited from issuing any form of notes or
bills for circulation, and its By-Laws provide that its investments shall be confined to the
purchase of public securities, or to loans upon real estate, and such collaterals as the
Board of Investment shall approve.
But in no instance has the discounting of commercial paper been authorized, the loans
of the Bank being made only upon such securities as in fact represent the perpetuity and
prosperity of the Nation and the State. Deposits are received in sums not less than one
dollar, and interest is allowed thereon at the rate of 4 per cent, per annum. Every third
year the surplus profits of the Bank are divided among the Depostiors, thus increasing the
actual interest on balances remaining on deposit for three years, to an average of from
¦6J per cent, to 7 per cent, per annum.
OFFICERS.
WM. F. BURNS, President. ROBERT D. BROWN, Treasurer.

George Bartlett,
William H. Perkins,
J. Harman Brown,
Aaron Fenton,
Francis Burns,
Henry Snyder,
William J. Rieman,
Sam'l R. Smith,

DIRECTORS.
William Devries,
James Harvey,
N. G. Penniman,
William Wilson, Jr.
Elisha H." Perkins,
Asa Needham,
William F. Burns,
Matthew B. Clark,
John L. Weeks.

Francis Dawes,
Hy. R. LOTJDERMAN,
John Cushing,
Daniel M. Thomas,
George P. Thomas,
John Gregg,
Alfred Jenkins,
A. A. Hack,,

Its Past History and Present Resources.

263

JJStSO Chartered 1810.

>9

CAPITAL,
$626,750.00. No. 15
South St.
OPPOSITE

'iT^'fl # ' German Street.

| CHAS. J. BAKER,
President.
Chas. Goodwin,
Cashier.

DIKE0T0KS:
^WZ^XXf^X j; S. SPRIGG BELT,
y^ZMj^^- 1 ROBERT TURNER,
'"X^^^S^^^9\-- GEORGE SANDERS,
'^y^X^^^^^^W&t GERMAN H. HUNT,
I WM. SEEMULLER,
CHARLES WEBB,
HUGH SISSON.

SAFE DEPOSIT VAULTS
Of STEEL and IRON,
For the Safe Keeping of Government and
other Bonds, Securities or Valuables.

2&i The Monumental City,
Western National Bank of Baltimore,
No. 14 Eutaw Street.
CHARTERED l CAPITAL - - - $500,000
1835. { SURPLUS - - - 170,000

CHAUNCEY BROOKS, President.
W. H. NORRIS, Cashier.

DIBFCTOMS :

CHAUNCEY BROOKS,
FRANCIS BURNS,
AARON FENTON,
"WM. BRIDGES.
GEORGE BARTLETT,
JAMES HARVEY,

WM. G. POWER,
SAMUEL R. SMITH,
WM. F. BURNS,
MATTHEW B. CLARK,
WALTER B. BROOKS,
ROBERT GARRETT.

NATIONAL UNION BANK OF MARYLAND,
J^T BALTIMORE.
CHAKTEEED 1804.
Reorganized as a National Bank 1865.

Wm. W. Taylor, President.
R. Mickle, Cashier.
Capital $1,268,728.

DIRECTORS:

WM. W. TAYLOR,
JOHN STELLMAN,
O. OLIVER O'DONNELL,
CHARLES W. LORD,
GERARD H. REESE,

WM. WOODWARD,
LEWIS N. HOPKINS,
WM. A. WILLIAR,
A. FULLER CRANE,
SAML. H. ADAMS,

Its Past History and Present Resources. 265
T TT TT
SAFE DEPOSIT COMPANY
OF BALTIMORE.
Authorized Capital, $500,000. Paid up, $200,000.
Chartered by Special Act of the Legislature of the State of
Maryland, for the
SAFE-KEEPING OF VALUABLES,
UNDER GUARANTEE,
AND THE
Renting of SAFES in the BURGLAR-PROOF VAULTS
IN THE
IVew Marble Fire-Proof Building,
CORNER OF SOUTH AND GERMAN STREETS,
BALTIMORE.
THE COMPANY OFFERS FOR RENT, RENTER EXCLUSIVELY HOLDING
THE KEY, SAFES INSIDE ITS BURGLAR-PROOF VAULTS, AT 10, 15,
20, 25, 30, 35, 40 AND ,60 DOLLARS PER ANNUM,
ACCORDING TO SIZE AND LOCATION.

GUARANTEE RATES.
Government and all other Coupon Securities, $1,00 per $1,000 for one year.
Government and all other Securities, negotiable only by endorsement, 50 cts. per $1,000
for one year.
Silver Plate $1.00 per $100 for one year.
Deeds, Mortgages, Valuable Papers generally, when of no fixed value, $1.00 a year each,
or according to bulk.
Wills, $5.00, which premium covers the remainder of the life of the maker.
COUPONS -AXNTD INTEREST
WILL BE COLLECTED WHEN DESIRED, AND REMITTED TO THE OWNER.

B. P. NEWCOMER,
ROBERT LEHR,
S. M. SHOEMAKER,
H. S. SHRYOCK,

FRANCIS T. KING,
C. OLIVER O'DONNELL,
WM. T. WALTERS.

B. F. NEWCOMER, President.
EOBERT LEHR, Vice President. W. A, WIS0NG, See. and Treas.

266 The Monumental City,
BANKING HOUSE
OIF
JOHN A. HAMBLETON & CO.
No. 20 SOUTH STREET, BALTIMORE.

TRANSACT A GENERAL BANKING BUSINESS.
RECEIVE ACCOUNTS of BANKS, BANKERS, CORPORATIONS and INDI
VIDUALS, and allow INTEREST on BALANCES.
NEGOTIATE LOANS and make advances on approved Collaterals.
BUY and SELL, on commission, all descriptions of Stocks, Bonds, and Securities.
MAKE COLLECTIONS and remit promptly on day of payment.

Its Past History and Present Resources. 267
ALEXANDER BROWN & SONS,
ORGANIZED 1811,
153 Baltimore Street.

BILLS OF EXCHANGE ON GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND.
COMMERCIAL AND TRAVELLING CREDIT ISSUED, available in any
part of the world.
TELEGRAPHIC TRANSFERS OF MONEY made to and from London
and Liverpool.
ADVANCES MADE ON COTTON AND OTHER PRODUCE.
JAMES G. WILSON. F. M. COLSTON. WM. B. WILSON,
WILSON, COLSTON & CO.
BANKERS & BROKERS,
Southern Securities a Specialty.
134 W. BALTIMOEE STREET.
LANCASTER & CO. LANCASTER, BROWN & CO.
RICHMOND, VA. NEW YORK.
BROWN, LANCASTER & CO.

No. 6 RIALTO BUILDING^
SECOND STREET,
BALTIMORE.
Isaac Tu Nicholson. Edwin G. Nicholson.
Isaac F. Nicholson. Albert W. Nicholson.
NICHOLSON & CO.

Established 1832. Baltimore,
CORNER BALTIMORE AND NORTH STREETS,
Keceive Deposit Accounts, make Collections, and Buy and Sell all kinds of Stocks and
Bonds on the most favorable terms.
17

"V-

268

The Monumental City,

JOHNSTON BROTHERS & CO.

198 BALTIMORE STREET,

BALTIMOEE.

Transact a General Banking Business,
Receive Deposits, subject to Sight Check,
Loan Money-Make Collections,
Buy and Sell Bonds and Stocks, on commission,
in all the markets,
Negotiate Railway and other Loans,
Draw Sterling Exchange and Francs, in sums
to suit.

Its Past History and Present Resources. 269
MCKIM & CO.
BANKERS,
CORNER BALTIMORE AND ST. PAUL STREETS,
Transact a General Banking Business, and Buy and Sell STOCKS, BONDS, GOLD,
&c, on Commission, in this and other markets.
FIRST-CLASS SECURITIES offered at all times to those having funds to invest
Particular attention given to COLLECTION OF COMMERCIAL PAPER, and
returns made on day of payment.
Deposits received subject to Sight Checks, the same as on Banks, and INTEREST
ALLOWED under special agreement.
Sterling Bills of Exchange drawn in sums to suit.
ROBERT GARRETT & SONS,
7 South. Street, BALTIMORE,
Make advances on approved Collaterals.
Deal in Sterling Exchange.
Allow Interest on Deposits. Make Collections.
Negotiate Railway and other Loans and Commercial
Paper.
Buy and Sell Stocks and Bonds on Commission.
WM. FISHER & SONS,
IIIHIi,
STOCK AND NOTE BROKERS
South Street, opposite Second Street,
BALTIMORE,
Buy and Sell Stocks, Bonds, &c., in this and the Eastern and Southern
markets on Commission or on Direct Offerings, by telegram or letter.
Stocks and Bonds carried for any length of time on Margin.
Money Advanced on Collateral Security. Deposits
received subject to Check, and Interest allowed.
Correspondence solicited and detailed information cheerfully given.

270 The Monumental City,
OEGANIZED 1828.
Exchange and Deposit Bank.
J. J. NICHOLSON & SONS,
No. 284 Baltimore Street,
s BETWEEN HANOVEB AND SHARP STREETS,
Personal attention given to the SALE OR PURCHASE of all kinds of
STOCKS AND BONDS.
Buy Cbmmereial Paper,
Make Collections Promptly,
Loan on Collaterals, Receive Deposits,
Discount Daily,
Issue CERTIFICATES OF DEPOSIT bearing Interest.
Pay Advanced Prices for LAND WARRANTS.
J. J. Nicholson. Chas. G. Nicholson. J. H. R. Nicholson. Andw. J. Nicholson.
CLABAUGH, NELSON & CO.

Buy and Sell Stocks, Bonds, Gold and
Governments on Commission.
Special attention given to the Negotiation of Commercial Paper.
No. 144 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore.
INTEREST ALLOWED ON DEPOSITS.
FRANCIS B. LONEY,
N. W. corner Holliday and Second Streets, in Basement.
SPECIALTY :
COMMERCIAL PAPER NEGOTIATED.
Investment Securities of every kind Bought, Sold & Exchanged.
Investors can frequently save themselves from loss and INCREASE
THEIR INCOMES by consulting as to CHANGING- their Securities.
ALL SUBSCRIPTION BONDS on this or the New York market fur
nished on the most favorable terms.

Its Past History and Pkesent Resources. 271
The National Bank of Baltimore,
CORNER OF SAINT PAUL AND BALTIMORE STREETS.
Chartered by State of Maryland 1796. Organized as a National Bank 1865.
CAPITAL, $1,210,700.
HENRY A. THOMPSON, President. J. THOMAS SMITH, Cashier.
X5I"REaTOP{.S.
HENRY A. THOMPSON, THOMAS M. SMITH
WILLIAM KENNEDY, C. MORTON STEWART,
DAVID S. WILSON, ALEX'R P. MURDOCH,
BOUDINOT S. LONEY.

Executive Officers

since

*¦**¦».*» * ¦
its Organization

in 1796.

President.

Cashier.

GEORGE SALMON, Elected 1796

JAMES COX,

Elected 1796

WILLIAM WILSON,

1807

C. C. JAMISON,

1841

JOHN STRICKER,

1824

PATRICK GIBSON,

1853

WILLIAM LORMAN,

1825

J. THOMAS SMITH,

1868

JAMES H. McCULLOH, "

1841

C. C. JAMISON,
1853
HENRY A. THOMPSON, "
1863
THE
Central National Bank of Baltimore.
ORGANIZED 1871. CASH CAPITAL, $200,000.
U. S. GOVERNMENT AND U. S. COURT DEPOSITORY.
No. 5 South. Street,
BALTIMORE.
JAMES O'CONNOR, President. CHAS. H. PITTS, A sst. Cashier.
DIRECTORS.
JAMES O'CONNOR, EDWARD M. HARDY,
ISAAC BROOKS, Jr., EDWARD G. McDOWELL,
Gen. JESSE LAZEAR.
273 The Monumental City,

the

MERCHANTS' NATIONAL BANK
OF BALTIMOEE.
CAPITAL, - $1,500,000.
DIVIDENDS PAYABLE JANUARY AND JULY.

Johns Hopkins, President.
David A. Jones, Cashier.
DIRECTORS.
JOHNS HOPKINS, ALEXANDER H. STUMP,
WILLIAM H. GRAHAM, JOHN M. OREM,
HORATIO L. WHITRIDGE, WILLIAM H. BALDWIN, Jr.
ROBERT A. FISHER.
Geo. Wm. Brown. F. W. Brume. Stewart Brown. Arthtjr Geo. Brown.
BROWN & BRUNE,
ATTORNEYS JUVn COUNSELLORS JIT EJ1W,
No. 4=0 ST. PAUL STREET.
J. MORRISON HARRIS,
JMTTORJYEJT JlJVn COUJTSEEEOR JIT EJ1W,
Xj-a/w BXJiXjODinsra-, BALTIMORE.
SLINCLUFF & SLINCLUFF,
Attorneys at Law,
BALTIMORE A]STD TOWSOHNTTOWHST.
C. BOHN SLINGI/TOF, FlELDER C. SlETGLUFF,
Towsontown. 48£ St. Paul Street, Baltimore.
JAMES W. DENNY,
Attorney at Law,
No. 31 ST. PAUL STREET, BALTIMORE.
Practices in all the Courts of tlie State. Special attention given to the collection of
claims in all the States of the Union.

Its Past History and Present Resources. 273
noah walk uk. s. hamilton caughjey. n. w. cac6het.
NOAH WALKER & CO.

WASHINGTON BUILDINGS.

274 The Monumental City,
North German Lloyd Steamship Line

-BET*\A7rEE:iXr

Baltimore, Southampton and Bremen.
The magnificent new Al Iron Mail Steam Ships

BALTIMORE,

2,500 Tons,

BERLIN,

2,500 Tons,

OHIO,

2,500 "

LEIPZIG,

- 2,500 "

BRAUNSCHWEIG,

3,000 "

NURNBERG,

3,000 "

Run regularly between the above Ports, as follows:
FROM BREMEN EVERY ALTERNATE TUESDAY,
SOUTHAMPTON " FRIDAY,
BALTIMORE " SATURDAY.
For Freight or Passage apply to
'A. SCHUMACHER & 00., Agents,
9 South Charles St., Baltimore.

ALLAN STEAM SHIP LINE
BET*WEEN
Baltimore, Halifax, St. Johns, K F., Queenstown <fc Liverpool.
The magnificent Al Iron Mail Steam Ships
HIBERNIAN, - - 3,500 Tons, MORAVIAN, - - 2,700 Tons,
CASPIAN, - - 3,200 " PERUVIAN, - 2,600 «
MANITOBAN, - - 3,000 " NOVA SCOTIAN, - 2,300 «
AUSTRIAN, - 2,700 " CORINTHIAN, - 2,000 "
NESTORIAN, - - 2,700 " NORTH AMERICAN, 2,000 "
Run regularly between the above Ports, as follows :
FROM LIVERPOOL EVERY ALTERNATE TUESDAY,
" BALTIMORE " WEDNESDAY.
For Freight or Passage apply to
A. SCHUMACHER & CO., Agents,
9 South Charles St., Baltimore.

Its Past History and Present Resources. 275
Boston Steamship Company
BOSTON AND PROVIDENCE.
STEAMERS:
GEOKGE APPOLD, WM. CRANE,
WM. LAURENCE, McCLELLAN,
BLA0KST0NE, WM. KENNEDY.
JOHNS HOPKINS,
The above elegant and commodious Steamers will sail Tri-Weekly from Baltimore for
Boston and Providence via Norfolk.
Fare to Boston, including Meals and State-Room, $15.
Providence, " " 12.
Capacity of the seven Steamers 100,000 bbls. Tonnage 1,000 to 1,800 tons each.
For Freight or Passage apply on Board, or to
^l. L. HUGGINS,
Boston Wharf, Toot of Long Dock.
THE BALTIMORE STEAM PACKET COMPANY
S*r"BA.3VCE*R,S
LOUISIANA, GEO. LEARY, ADELAIDE, TRANSIT, ROANOKE, SEABOARD.
Through Passenger and Freight Line, in connection with the Seaboard and Roanoke Rail
road at Portsmouth, and with the Atlantic, Mississippi and Ohio Railroad at Norfolk,
FOR THE SOUTH AND SOUTH-WEST.
Through Tickets and Baggage Checks and Through Bills of Lading for Freight to all
points South and South-West. MAIL STEAMERS leave daily (Sundays excepted) at 4
P. M. FREIGHT dispatched twice daily. Passengers by this line enjoy a night's rest,
unsurpassed State-Room and Saloon accommodations and an excellent Table, and con
nect with Fast Express Trains, making this the most agreeable route to the South.
Baggage Checked from Hotels* and Residences by application at No. 154
W. Baltimore Street.
EMMET BROWN, General Ticket Agent.
THOMAS £. DELL. THEODORE KNAFP.
DELL, KNAPP & CO.
STEAM BOOKBIKDEEY,
84 West Fayette St., bet. Charles & Liberty, B ALTlMOR E .
Bindings in 'Roxbv/rg, 'Oxford, Titrkey.Calf, Antique, Russia, Muslin, &c. Also, Fancy,
Iamb and Mime. Whole Editions of Books Bound m 'ea&ry style.
At ILowbsst Prices and With Despatch.
THOS. E. DELL & SOItf,
BLANK BOOK MANUFACTURERS AND BOOK BINDERS,
OVER NO. 6 N. HOWARD STREET, BALTIMORE.

276

The Monumental City,

"Teach them that which they will
Practice when they become Men.
THE BRYANT,
STRATTON & SADLER

*t

<K

Nos. 6 & 8 N. CHARLES STREET,
BALTIMORE.

Ms

;-DftY-gpOK (ffi|
Sales book / -

Organized and devoted entirely to
preparing
Young Gentlemen
To become thorough
Sradical MccovntmtB
AND
Successful Business Men.

JASHBO O K ( ';y#
cJ-OUgMAL ¦ XkLX% THERE ARE NO VACATIONS.

ZEDGEB

%\LX\

STUDENTS CAN ENTER AT ANY TIME.
Night Session commences Oct. i, 1873,
And continues in session until April 1, 1874.
The Business Department of this Institution is most thorough and prac
tical. Consignments of Merchandise are daily received and Shipments made.
Exchange Bought and Sold. Drafts and Collections upon all the principal
cities of the United States and Canadas. The public are invited to call and
examine the workings of the College, which will convince the most skeptical
of the importance of young men attending our institution. For College
Documents, address
W. H. SADLER, President,
Nos. 6 & 8 N. Charles Street,
BALTIMORE.

Its Past History and Present Resources. 277
PEMBROKE SCHOOL FOR BOTS&TOUNG MEN
PROF. JAS. C. KINEAR, A. M., PRINCIPAL.
For further particulars see page 175.

^?^^^|j3|!..n5l|(W 'XM

Sis3p

This Seminary of learning, instituted for the liberal education of young ladies, was
incorporated in 1849, with authority to confer degrees, and was liberally endowed by the
State of Maryland in 1860. t
There are two departments of instruction, the Preparatory Department, for young
misses, and the Collegiate Department, for young ladies. In the latter are conferred
the degrees of Baccalaurea Literarum, Baccalaurea Artium, and Magistra
Abtium. Among its educational facilities the College has a well-selected library of 3,750 volumes,
chemical and philosophical apparatus, including a good telescope, presented by Geo. W.
Chtlds, Esq., of Philadelphia, a painting gallery, and cabinets of minerals, coins, medals
and copies of antique gems.
In a few months the College will be removed to Park Place, at the intersection of Park
and North avenues, where extensive buildings are being erected for its accommodation.
These aTe beautifully situated in a grove on a lofty eminence that commands a view of
the country around, of the city, and the river and bay for many miles. There are shady
walks for exercise, and various arrangements will be made for recreation and amusement,
which, with pure refreshing breezes from the adjacent country, will render it both healthy
and attractive to the pupils. The buildings will embrace all the modern improvements
for heating and ventilation, and will have study, recitation, and music rooms, separate, with
every convenience for boarding and day pupils.

FACULTY OF INSTRUCTION.

Prof. N. C. Brooks, LL.D., An. Languages.
Prof. W. C. Robinson, A:M.,Mathem'cs, &c.
Prof. Felix Aucaigne, French.
Prof. A. J. Volck, Painting.
Prof. C. Gola, Piano and Singing.

Miss Ltjella Kelly, Belles-Lettres.
Miss Fannie E. Jessie, Mathematics.
Miss L. A. Maddox, Vocal Music.
Mrs. E. A. Polster, Piano and Guitar.
Miss Emma Polster, Piano.

For catalogues containing full information as to regulations, tuition, boarding, &c.
N. C. BROOKS, LL.D., President.

278 The Monumental City,

Established 1342,
vr, ) Principals.

JVLf^ 8r M.i\s. Wilson M.. Gary, |
Mfss, Gen. John Pegf^m, J '

197 & 199 N. Charles Street,
2W squares distant from the Washington Monument. BALTIMORE.

Cooperage Stores.

J PREVIOUS to the war the business in Cooperage could not be called
£ extensive, but since 1861 it has been constantly increasing in this City.
3 A large proportion of the Oil, Pork, Syrup, Beef and Whiskey Barrels
used in this and neighboring cities is made here of materials from "West
Virginia and Pennsylvania. "Whiskey, Pork and Lard Tierces are shipped
"to Eastern cities in large quantities. Flour and Sugar Barrels, mafre of
materials from Ohio and Michigan, are consumed principally by the mills
and refineries in this vicinity. The demand for these articles keeps in con
stant operation four factories, besides a number of smaller establishments
which employ from 800 to 1,000 operatives. One single House in our City
aggregated more than $600,000 in its business during the past year. Barrels are
sent in large quantities to Wilmington, N". C, and other Southern ports for the
shipment of Turpentine. Cooperage for the "West Indies is largely exported
from Baltimore. During 1872, 300,000 Shooks, and upwards of 2,000,000
Hoops were shipped to those Islands and South American ports, and consid
erable demand has sprung up for Molasses Shooks and Hogsheads from the
Eastern cities. They are made in the mountains of Pennsylvania and West
Virginia for Houses in this City, and are brought here over the different
railways. The Trade is rapidly increasing and the facilities possessed by
Baltimore preclude a diminution in the future.
KIMBALL, SHAFFAR & GO.
MANUFACTURERS OP
AND DEALERS IN COOPERAGE STOCK.
ALSO,
PROPRIETORS STEAM BARREL FACTORIES,
PENNSBORO, W. VA., AND BALTIMORE, MD.
Office Corner Canton and Central Avenues,
BALTIMORE.
Capacity, Tight Barrels  100,000 per annum.
" Slack "  500,000 "

Its Past History and Present Kesouroes. 279
CHOICE LOTS FOE SUBURBAN RESIDENCES,
On Graded Avenues, 66 feet wide,
FOR SALE OR LEASE AT HIGHLAND PARK.
Gas, Water and Two Lines of Passenger Railroads.
Apply to CLENDINEN & WILSON,
Attorneys at Law, No. 54 Lexington St., cor. Charles St.
[From the Baltimore Saturday Night of May 3, 1873.1
SUBURBAN IMPROVEMENTS— HIGHLAND PARK.
It is questionable if there is any city within the United States surpassing Baltimore in.
her suburban advantages. This is not only the opinion of our own citizens, but it has
been freely and frequently expressed by visitors (strangers) from almost every part of the
world. Having been ourselves residents of Baltimore for many years, and noticed with
especial interest her expansion into the surrounding country, particularly in northerly,
northwesterly, westerly and easterly directions, we are not surprised, considering all
these inducements, but gratified that such should have been the case.
There is, indeed, scarcely a limit to our growth as a centralizing and radiating com
mercial metropolis. It is only surprising these suburban attractions were not long ago
more thoroughly appreciated and availed of. Fortunes were lying in them comparatively
dormant equal to gold mines, waiting only development through energy and enterprise to
insure actual realization. Fortunately, however, for a considerable number of our citizens,
they had forecast sufficient to see what was in the future, and boldness enough to embrace
opportunities thus offered. By so doing some have already become millionaires, and
others are on the easy road to fortune. Scarcely an instance can be recalled within the
past twenty-five, thirty or more years, where investments were made either in improved
or unimproved property, bordering inside upon the city limits or outside her boundaries,
extending far out into Baltimore County, that it did not rapidly — almost fabulously —
advance substantially in value, making fortunate purchasers rich. The fact is — has been
over and over again practically demonstrated — that fortunes, to a greater or less extent,
have been more rapidly, surely, and more easily accumulated in this way than by any
other means. It is free from all risk, and time, without labor, care or anxiety, adds value
to such investments with each passing month and year. Numerous instances, surprising in
themselves, could be adduced to prove what we assert. Many of our friends, we gladly
know, have thus been successful. We could, if necessary, name them by scores, and
trace their successes almost exclusiuely to speculations of the sort here mentioned.
It is evident that the increased and increasing population of Baltimore, the inevitable
tendency of trade and business towards her existing limits, must in time disagreeably
encroach upon present resident localities. This being the case, persons will gradually
feel inclined to locate farther out, as many are now doing, choosing country villas as more
agreeable. Within our own recollection this principle has realized most positive verifica
tion. Beautiful little towns and elegant villas — magnificent improvements indeed — have-
gone up where not long ago farms, barren fields, hunting grounds and unsightly prospects
were only visible.
We might present numerous instances in proof of what is above asserted, but at present
refer more especially to one'as an example, challenging emulation. It is the enterprise of
Messrs. Thomas R. Olendinen and Charles Gr. Wilson, representatives of the Chesapeake
Land and Loan Company, the Franklin Land and Loan Company, and the Lexington
Savings Bank and Loan Company, who. by their enterprise, their young active energy
are accomplishing, and about to accomplish, improvements similar to those now existing
within the vicinities of Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Chicago, and other large cities.
It requires just such gentlemen, with quick forecast, expansive, liberal views, who have
stepped far outside the confines of antiquarian notions, to see, appreciate, and outwork
enterprises like those in which they have embarked. Baltimore needs more of them to
insure her progress in every respect, and we hope the time is not distant when she can
realize their presence, come from where they may.
The locality to which we here refer, and the scene of operations embarked in by these
gentlemen, is only one mile from Baltimore, known as "Highland Park." It is a magnifi
cent estate of 144 acres rolling land, superbly wooded and watered, rising to an elevation of
about 500 feet above tide, on the Liberty or Windsor Mill road, reached by the Baltimore,

280 The Monumental City,
Calverton and Powhatan railroad, which leaves our city at the head of Baltimore street,
and by the Baltimore and Randallstown railway, running from Pennsylvania avenue and
Baker street. The first named road skirts along the western front of the property a dis,
tance of more than 4,000 feet, and the last through the centre of the park 4,500 feet. The
¦ entire park has been laid out in lots twenty-five feet front, with a depth of 160 feet. Parties
desiring to purchase, lease or improve, can procure one or more lots adjoining on advan
tageous terms. It is the object of the holders to offer such inducements as will meet a
ready response.
This is the most extensive, complete, and inviting suburban improvement of its kind
ever undertaken within Baltimore's vicinity, and promises great success. The first spade
was struck 29th August, 1872, and now, less than nine months, some 12,000 feet of ave
nues sixty-six feet wide have been graded, planted with silver and sugar maples, white
poplar and other trees. Gas works capable of supplying as large a quantity as is used in
Hagerstown have been erected, and a dozen handsome villas, varying in value from $6,000
to $12,000, have been built, each of different design and style of architecture. All are
furnished throughout with modern conveniences of gas, water, baths, ranges, furnaces,
marble mantles, etc. They are substantial, airy, well ventilated, well lighted, commodi
ous, elegantly ornamented, and finished in a superior style. Each one is advantageously
located. The plan of the park, as also that of the building operations, is admirable.

Established 1850.

The Leading
pRINTINQ -*- Establishment ^~^^
IN
Baltimore.
€HgEB Adams Express Building,
I64
Baltimore Street. Baltimore.
A. L. Innes, Jb.
J. Newton Gregg.

"Win. Knabe & Co.
PIANO-FORTE MANUFACTURERS,
Ware-Rooms, No. 350 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore.
112 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY.

Its Past History and Present Eesouroes. 281
CANTON.

IHE Canton Company, by reason of its varied and extensive powers as a
Corporation, its wonderful development and its future prospects, is
entitled to special mention in any article professing to give a history of
the resources of Baltimore City. The Company was organized in 1828,
under a charter granted by the State of Maryland, giving the Corporation
the right to hold land to the extent of ten thousand acres, and, to use the
language of the fourth section of the Act itself, "to improve in such manner
as may be conformable to the laws of the State, any lands which shall belong
to said Company, by laying out streets, &c, in the vicinity of Baltimore on
or near navigable water, and erecting and constructing wharves, slips, work
shops, factories, stores, dwellings and such other buildings and improve
ments as may be deemed necessary, ornamental and convenient."
Forty-five years ago this Company commenced operations. At the moment
the community was not ripe for an enterprize which comprehended within
its scope such vast improvements and that was likely in its developments to
exceed any organization of a similar character in the country. Able and
energetic men connected themselves with the Corporation; persons whose
foreknowledge looked beyond the mere hour and its necessities and saw in
the struggles of the youthful City the elements of a great emporium ; men
who discovered in Baltimore at that early period the materials for future
growth, and a destiny not dreamed of in the most sanguine imaginings of her
very worthy bat somewhat sluggish citizens. Their enterprize and energy
have already reaped for them golden rewards, scarcely comparable, however,
with those which await them in the future.
Contrary to the general law which has obtained in the development of
cities, (which usually leads them to spread in the direction of the West and
Northwest,) Baltimore at an early period exhibited a capacity for, and a
tendency to, expansion in the East certainly equal to that observable in
either of the other sections. The spirit, too, which had originally created
distinct towns on the opposite side of Jones' Falls was still at work, and the
rivalry thus established was entirely favorable to the growth of the City as a
whole. The topographical features of the eastern section were similar to those in
the west and northwest. A beautifully undulating country offered to
builders and those in search of residences, eligible sites in either locality, and
Canton in the east possessed the additional advantage of a magnificent
expanse of water front, the natural haven of the shipping, and with accom
modations ample for an almost indefinite increase of commerce. The Canton
Company were not slow to avail themselves of these advantages. They
bought lands and water-fronts and erected houses.

282 The Monumental City,
There came a period of stagnation. The enterprize languished, and the
hopes of its well-wishers were dampened. Some imagined that the fore-
shadowings of Baltimore's future greatness were illusory, others that the
opportunity had not yet presented itself, and that its founders had better
await a more convenient season. The corporators were undismayed. New
and vigorous elements were introduced into the management. Land in and
about Canton was purchased whenever thrown upon the market — wharves
were constructed — factories and warehouses built — streets were laid out,
graded, and paved, until a vast extent of waste common was transformed into
a busy and prosperous City. The community, slow to realize improvement
in any shape, began to be attracted by this thriving seat of factories, dwell
ings and commercial enterprizes which appeared to have sprung from the
very bowels of the earth.
They at length discovered that a great work had been quietly accomplished
in their midst, but not before capitalists from a distance had been interested
by the sturdy determination of the Canton Company, and after a careful
examination of the progress and design of the work, these latter did not hesi
tate to embark in it their capital. The stock of the Company appreciated
rapidly, and after a series of years the foresight of its projectors was abun
dantly rewarded and their judgment completely vindicated.
To-day the Canton Company owns 2,800 acres of land, comprising 18,00f>
building lots — laid out 20 by 100 feet — many of them binding on streets
graded and paved, with water and gas convenient, part within the city limits
and part without, in Baltimore County, on shelled roads or streets ; also a wharf
property and water front of 20,000 feet, with a depth of water from 16 to 26
feet. The following is a list of factories and industrial enterprizes in active opera
tion on the Company's grounds, together with the number of hands employed
in each:

iVb. Hands.
12 Oyster and Fruit Packing Houses, 2,500
1 Stone Cutting Yard  60
2 Stove and Hollow Ware Foun
dries  200
1 Suear Refinery  40
1 Fruit and Oyster Can Factory.... 60
1 Rolling Mill  1,000
1 Axe Handle Factory  50
1 Dredging Company  100
1 Transfer Company 
2 Chemical "Works 
1 Car Wheel Foundry  250
7 Brick Yards  2,000
2 Steam Saw Mills  40
1 Agricultural Work  30

No. Hands.
1 Sash Factory and Planing Mil 1  25
1 White Lead Work, (just started)....
3 Iron Smelting Furnaces  150
1 Copper Smelting Furnace  250
1 Bridge Builder and Machinist  160
3 Distilleries 
8 Coal Oil Refineries, (with capacity
for refining 5,000 bbls. per week) 75
6 Lager Beer Breweries  60
1 Packing Box Factory  10*
1 Ship Yard 
4 Fertilizing Manufactories  45
3 Lime Burners  30
1 Cotton Batting Factory  20
1 Furniture and Wooden Ware Fac'y 300

Note.— In an article In another part of thia volume the Canton Company was unintentionally mentioned, in
enumerating the extent of the manufacture of Bricks in the city. This was an error. Without the mention of
the Brick-Yards at Canton, the summing up on page 248 will be correct.

Its Past History and Present Eesouroes.

283

A number of enterprises have been established since the foregoing statistics
were compiled, and the employees and residents have vastly increased during
the last twelve months. The establishment of transatlantic steam-lines, the
increasing trade of great rail road corporations with termini in this City, and
the proposed construction of others have created a pressing deman d for ship
ping facilities. Our rapidly increasing commercial marine needs much more
extensive accommodation than the upper harbor of Baltimore, or even Locust
Point, can furnish. In this emergency the attention of the public has natu
rally been directed to the Canton Company for relief. The Company have
proved themselves equal to the exigency. An increased energy has been
displayed in the construction of wharves, while immense numbers of piles
have been driven for any necessity that may arise in the future. Preparations
have been made for the accommodation of all the rail road corporations, which
will afford ample facilities for an indefinite augmentation of the trade of Bal
timore, and temporary measures have been adopted for immediate and pressing
demands. The Union Eail Eoad, recently completed, a work of great magnitude, was
projected mainly under the auspices of the Canton Company. It consists for
the most part of a -Tunnel, constructed at heavy cost through a treacherous
soil at a depth in some places of 65 feet below the surface, and finished in the
most substantial manner. In addi- 1
tion to the long desired outlet it I
affords to tide-water, it constitutes j
a most important link in the great j
highway between the Metropolis I
and the Capitol of the nation. — i
This corporation was chartered to I
build a rail road around the City to j
connect roads centering here or
passing through, and to obviate the !
delay and inconvenience of travel \
by horse-power through the streets j
of the City. The Canton Com-
pany subscribed for most of the '
Stock of the road, and endorsed
the bonds of the Company to an j
extent sufficient to defray the j
expense of its construction.
Under a section of its charter,
all the railroads passing through CLAY cutting, union rail road tunnel
Baltimore are entitled to its use at a certain fixed valuation per mile. The
Northern Central, the Baltimore and Potomac, the Western Maryland, and
the Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore will immediately avail them
selves of this provision. The first named is now negotiating for 1,700 feet of
18

284: The Monumental City,
water-front, sufficient to accommodate more than its present trade. The
Baltimore and Ohio Bail Eoad Company has also obtained a crossing from
their property on Locust Point, by which, the cost of transfer of Cumberland
coal is reduced to 20 cents per ton, and thousands of tons are already passing
over. Negotiations are pending for the incorporation of a Company to build
elevators of a capacity sufficient for any quantity of grain. Trestle works
and transfers are already constructed by which grain, coal and produce gener
ally, may be transferred from cars to shipboard, at the smallest possible
expense. Arrangements are now being perfected for the extension of the
Western Maryland Eail Eoad, by a route the shortest yet found to Pittsburg,
the Lakes, the bituminous and gas-coal fields and coal oil regions.
The brick yards are to be removed to remote portions of the Company's
land that the whole property adjacent to the four miles of water-front may be
developed — in fact everything is being done that a careful foresight can sug
gest for the most liberal accommodation of trade that is already centering at
Canton. Several enterprising New York Capitalists have been added recently
to the Directors, and the Board is at present composed as follows :
Chas. J. Baker, George S. Brown, Charles Weber, Wm. G. Harrison, and S.
Sprigg Belt, of Baltimore, and James H. Banker, Wm. Mertens, Wm. Butler
Duncan and Samuel L. M. Barlow, of New York.
The influence exerted by the Canton Company is to be seen not only on
their own grounds but through the entire Eastern section of the City, and the
rate of improvement in the latter quarter is at present quite as great as in any
other portion of Baltimore. The extension of Patterson Park, whence the
finest views of the City and harbor, with their surroundings may be obtained,
invites the erection of the handsomest residences, and enterprising builders
are availing themselves of the opportunities thus presented. A feature of the
Company's work and to which much of their success may be attributed is the
fact that they are always ready to extend a helping hand to energetic
mechanics or business men. Those desirous of prosecuting a certain business
who do not possess the adequate capital nor machinery, have but to show their
capacity and energy to be assisted.
The future of the Canton Company can be readily foretold, but how rapid
will be its development, and how extensive its usefulness to the City of Bal
timore, it is impossible to predicate from any data at present in our possession.
The anthracite coal from Pennsylvania will seek here a depot, and an outlet
by hundreds of thousands of tons, — the bituminous and gas-coals will pour
into Canton in quantities of which the present receipts give but a feeble idea
while the facilities for shipment, indefinite in extent and of such easy accesi-
bility throughout the entire year, leave no room for doubt that it will rival, if
it does not supass all other marts for the exportation of coal in this country.
The rail roads centering here drain an immense extent of fertile country
and will pour into Canton the great grain products of Maryland, Pennsylva-

Its Past History and Present Eesouroes. 285
nia, Virginia, and a large share of the produce of the vast plains of the West,
and the elevators to be erected will constitute it the most accessible spot for
the shipment of grain on the Atlantic seaboard — but it is as a manufacturing
center that Canton will be especially useful to Baltimore. The number of fac
tories already established is but an earnest of its future development in this
regard and the inducements held out by the Company, the moderate rents, the
cheapness of living in Baltimore, and the character of the men who comprise
the Board of Directors, substantial, high-toned and able to accomplish what
they promise, all point to Canton as the future manufacturing center of the
seaboard.

BALTIMORE AND OHIO RAIL ROAD.

jHAELES CAEEOLL of Carrollton, the last surviving signer of the
Declaration of Independence, laid the corner-stone of the Baltimore
and Ohio Eail Eoad on the 4th of July, 1828. The character of this
illustrious man has shed its influence upon this great work from that hour.
A long list of Presidents, whose judgments have been surpassed only by
their integrity, and successive Boards of Directors with foresight and enter
prise, tempered with prudence, have given tone to ^the Corporation in the
past, and have brought the undertaking to a conclusion so eminently suc
cessful as to challenge the admiration of thinking men both at home and
abroad. When we consider that the Baltimore and Ohio Eail Eoad was the first road
of that nature projected in this country, it is easy to imagine the difficulties
attending its construction. Prom the very novelty of the undertaking, many
untried problems had necessarily to be solved or their impracticability
demonstrated. During the first few years of its existence these efforts to dis
cover the best and most economical modes of construction, without prece
dents, and with the comparatively limited scientific acquirements of those
days, presented obstacles by the side of which the trials of modern engineering
shrink into insignificance and the solution of which has facilitated the con
struction of many similar works in America. Bnt the perplexities encoun
tered in building the road were slight in comparison with the financial difii
culties which beset the Company until the road was completed to the Ohio
river on the 1st of January, 1853. The opening to Wheeling, a distance of
379 miles, was attended with special ceremonies and really marked an era in
the history of railway enterprise. Vast mountains had been tunneled, val
leys filled up, and rivers spanned to admit the passage of the locomotive, and
vexed questions in engineering set at rest forever. A country abounding in

286 The Monumental City,
mineral wealth and fertile plains, which needed but the hand of the husband
man to "blossom as the rose," was opened up to civilization and made tribu
tary to Baltimore ; a traffic was begun in Coal which has since then de
veloped into gigantic proportions — millions of tons passing over the road
annually, and a line of intercourse established with the great West that gave
an impetus to emigration, and has since added greatly to the trade and com
merce of our City.
Mr. John W. Garrett, of the firm of Eobert Garrett & Sons of this City,
accepted the Presidency of this road in 1858. Financial difficulties had
embarrassed its operations for some years prior to 1856. Mr. Garrett was
first induced- to interest himself in its affairs about 1857, and very soon there
after the good influence of his wise counsels became apparent in its manage
ment, but an immediate and palpable change became manifest upon his
accession to the Presidency. He surrendered to the Eoad his vigorous powers
of mind, his vast financial experience and his great executive ability. His
presence at its head acted like a spur upon the Corporation, and since that
time the history of the road has been a series of uninterrupted successes.
The Baltimore and Ohio Rail Road Company have established permanent
co-operative relations with the Marietta and Cincinnati and the Ohio and
Mississippi Rail Roads, thus virtually extending the Baltimore and Ohio
Rail Road to Cincinnati, and through that City to St. Louis, connecting by
friendly Northern and Southern Roads with, and drawing business from the
Southern half of the great States of Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois, also from
Kentucky, having direct connection with Louisville, its chief city, and
reaching Tennessee, Arkansas and other Southern States through other
effective alliances.
Under the policy of President Garrett the Baltimore and Ohio has been
extended to Columbus, Ohio, to Sandusky on Lake Erie and to Pittsburg by
the extension of the Pittsburg and Connellsville Eail Road, now known as
the Pittsburg, Washington and Baltimore Rail Road. The Winchester and
Potomac Rail Road, the Winchester and Strasburg Rail Road, the Washing
ton County Eail Road, and the Metropolitan or Point of Rocks Rail Road,
have been established during this period. This Metropolitan Branch
shortens the line between Washington and the great West 48 miles. By this
route and the Connellsville Rail Road the distance from Pittsburg to Wash
ington is but 300 miles; thence to Baltimore 38 miles; and only 10 miles
further from Pittsburg to Baltimore via Washington than by the direct line ;
hence the name Pittsburg, Washington and Baltimore Rail Road. Under
the auspices of the Baltimore and Ohio, a line of rail road is now being con
structed through the Valley of Virginia, which will bring this wonderful
agricultural region into direct communication with our City. By its con
nection with the Chesapeake and Ohio Rail Road at Staunton, the Coal, Iron
and Salt territory of West Virginia is opened up to Baltimore, and by the
extension of this Valley Rail Road to Salem, and connection with the Vir
ginia and Tennessee Rail Road the salt and other minerals of Southwest

Its Past History and Present Resources. 287
Virginia are reached, and also the products of East Tennessee, Georgia,
Alabama and Mississippi. By the Orange, Alexandria and Manassas Rail
Eoad, with its extensions under its new name, "Washington City, Virginia-
Midland and Great Southern," the mineral regions of Virginia, the Carolinas
and Georgia are reached, where gold, silver, lead, copper and iron are found,
and where the climate and soil are favorable to agriculture, particularly so
for fruits and vegetables.
This latter connection is formed by the Washington Branch of the Balti
more and Ohio, which leaves the Main Stem at the Relay House, about nine
miles from Baltimore, and runs to the National Capital. Another short road
is to be constructed from the Metropolitan Branch to a point in the neighbor
hood of the Annapolis Junction, by means of which passengers and freight
from the West can be conveyed directly to our City by a much shorter route
than that at present in use, while the line of rail road along the Patapsco
and Monocacy, penetrating a region abounding in vegetable and mineral
wealth, will still by its way-traffic add to the revenues of the Company.
At a point 90 miles above Newark, on the Lake Erie Division of the road,
it is proposed to construct a line of Rail Eoad direct to Chicago, a distance
of 260 miles. In addition to the trade directly from Chicago, and along the
line of this road, it will have many important connections east of the Prairie
City, which, in obedience to their interests, will be feeders to this Chicago
extension. The Cincinnati, Sandusky and Cleveland Eail Eoad connects at
Tiffin; the Dayton and Michigan Eail Eoad extending from Cincinnati
through Toledo to Detroit, with connections penetrating the Michigan prairies,
north and west of Saginaw, connects at Deshler, Henry County, Ohio, and
the Toledo, Wabash and Western Eailroad, connects at Defiance, Ohio. This
road, with its branches, extends over Illinois and Missouri more than 1,200
miles. At Auburn, Indiana, it connects with the Fort Wayne, Jackson and
Saginaw and the Eel River Roads, both extending south into Indiana, and
north into Michigan. At Walkerton it crosses the Indianapolis, Peru and
Chicago Rail Eoad, and by this route can reach Laporte and Michigan City,
Indiana, the latter a port on Lake Michigan. Before entering Chicago a con
nection can be made with the Illinois Central Eail Eoad, which, with its
branches, drain the greater portion of Illinois. This road can have no inter
est in opposition to the Baltimore and Ohio, but will seek over its line the
port of Baltimore, as its best entrepot for the produce of the country, through
which its main line of branches extend. Numerous branches are proposed to
connect important towns in Ohio and Indiana, with this Chicago extension.
The benefits that will accrue to our City from the completion of these great
enterprises, are incalculable.
Already has the trade of Pittsburgh, the great manufacturing city west of
the Alleghanies, begun to pour into Baltimore, and the time is not far distant
when we shall compete successfully with the cities of Philadelphia and New
York for the carrying trade of this great region of country. The Baltimore
and Ohio, with its through connections South and West, has materially aided

288 The Monumental City,
the development of those sections, by opening up territory, rich in mineral and
agricultural resources, susceptible of great improvement and to which the
rapidly increasing population of the Atlantic seaboard, and the tide of
emigration pouring into our City may resort with confident hopes of at least
realizing many of their anticipations by frugality and industry. Towns and
villages have sprung up along the line of railroad, and even those sections but
remotely connected with the road have felt its wonderful influence.
A spirit of enterprise has grown up in neighboring districts; roads and
turn-pikes have been opened, and vast stretches of country that might have
remained primeval forests but for this great work of internal improvement,
have become productive and the inhabitants cultivated and refined. The
extension of the road from Centreton on the Lake Erie Division to Chicago*
gives the Baltimore and Ohio one continuous line of rail road from Baltimore
to the Lake City of the West, the granary where is received the exhaustless
products of the fertile plains which stretch out through the northwest. Thus
Baltimore is enabled to compete with the great cities of the East for a share
of this immense trade. The extension of the road from Pittsburg to Cen
treton, a mere question of time, will give another direct route from Chicago
to Baltimore.
The scenery along the line of the Baltimore and Ohio Eailway is pictur
esque and beautiful, but portions of the road merit special notice. " Harper's
Ferry," the point at which the peaceful waters of the Shenandoah become lost in
the more boisterous Potomac, has been described by Jefferson as "one of the
most stupendous scenes in nature, and well worth a voyage across the Atlantic
to witness." Jefferson's Eock, named after that illustrious statesman, a great
overhanging cliff which looks frowningly down as though it would topple
headlong upon the unwary traveler, offers an exhaustive view of the wonder
ful passage of these two rivers through the very heart of the mountains.
The road from this point to the Ohio Eiver gives to the sight-seer a succession
of views embracing nature in almost every attitude. Long ranges of moun
tains, beautiful valleys, level plains, changed by the magic of the husband
man into boundless gardens, lofty precipices, mountain torrents, and the
endless phases in which nature fantastically arrays herself, pass before the
vision like the ever changing views in some gigantic kaleidescope. "Fort
Frederick," whose hundred years have witnessed the downfall of one govern
ment and the uprearing of another, the vigorous growth of which has
astonished the world, and with whose history the name of Washington will
ever be connected, is located near the line of the road between Harper's Ferry
and Cumberland. "The Glades" and "Cheat Eiver Valley" are perhaps as
rich in exquisite natural scenery as any portion of the world, and tourists at
this early date have evinced their appreciation of what has been aptly styled
"the American Switzerland."
Among those features on the line of the Baltimore and Ohio well worthy
of inspection by sight-seers and travelers, are the immense rol ling-mills or

Its Past History and Present Eesouroes. 289
machine-shops of the Company, located at Cumberland, and the magnificent
Hotel, recently erected by the corporation for the accommodation of travel
over their roads.
The affairs of the Baltimore and Ohio Eail Eoad under the present adminis
tration have been conducted with prudence and economy, and yet, when the
end appeared to justify the means, the Company has not hesitated to venture
its capital in behalf of the boldest enterprises. Shortly after the war, a
pioneer line of Steamers was established between this port and Liverpool
under the auspices of this corporation, which, though not entirely successful,
because of the very limited carrying capacity of the vessels employed, clearly
demonstrated that as a port of entry, Baltimore was destined to become one
of the leading Cities in America. This line was succeeded by what is known
as the " North German Lloyd," or " Baltimore and Bremen " line of Steam
ships. Four first-class steam-ships have already been placed on this route
(and two more are in process of construction) to ply between Baltimore,
Southampton and Bremen.
The property of the Baltimore and Ohio Eail Eoad at Locust Point has
been greatly improved to meet the requirements of these Steamers. The funds
necessary for improving the harbor and channel having been provided by
the Government of the United States and the City of Baltimore, this work,
which has been in progress for some time, is rapidly approaching completion.
When finished, the depth of water will be sufflcient for the largest sea-going
vessels, — all that is necessary to make Baltimore equal to any seaport in the
country and without drawback from the advantages she possesses over all
others in geographical position. Piers have been constructed at Locust
Point, spacious and substantial warehouses built, and a grain elevator erected
with a capacity for 600,000 bushels of grain. In addition, the Company
proposes to erect immediately two more grain elevators with a capacity of
1,000,000 bushels each.
The success of the Bremen Steamships has led to the establishment of
another Transatlantic Steamship Company, the Allan Line, which connects
this port with Halifax and Liverpool. The cheapness of fuel in Baltimore
gives these Steamers a great advantage over other cities. They are enabled
to coal here at a reduction in cost of $2,000, for each voyage, and the port
charges in comparison with other cities along the Atlantic Coast, are insig
nificant. The great Workshops of the Company at Mount Clare, on the Western
suburbs of our City, in which are employed more than sixteen hundred
hands, form an especial feature of Baltimore. Here all varieties of work
required by the necessities of a mammoth rail road are manufactured. Great
Iron Bridges, Locomotives, Pullman Palace Cars and the most elegant
Passenger Coaches, with all their polished veneering and rich upholstery,
Stationary Engines, Boilers, Car Wheels, Axles, Bar Iron, Eail Fixtures,
Springs, &c, are produced with a neatness of finish and skillfulness, and with

290 The Monumental City,
strong and durable qualities not exceeded anywhere in the world. At
various points along the line of road, similar workshops of very ample
capacity for the repair and manufacture of machinery, are established.
The benefits which our City has reaped from this great road are simply
inestimable. The impetus given to manufactures and the employment
furnished to citizens would alone abundantly compensate the City for the
assistance she gave the road in the early stages of its construction, but the
vast amount of wealth, mineral and agricultural, poured into our City
through this main artery can only be measured by her rapid increase in all
the elements which make a great metropolis.
The financial condition of the City has been very strikingly affected by
her relations to the Baltimore and Ohio Eail Eoad. Being a proprietor of
$3,250,000 of the stock of the Company, she receives ten per cent, upon her
investment, and, paying but six per cent, upon the debt created to aid this
work, she realizes a profit of $130,000 annually for the benefit of the tax
payers. It may be noted here as a remarkable fact that the assessed value of the
real estate in Baltimore at the time the Baltimore and Ohio Eail Eoad was
commenced, in 1827, was but $27,000,000, a sum less by $29,000,000 than
the amount since absorbed in this great work.
The vast proportions to which this organization has grown, are shown by
the fact that its control already extends over railway properties in many
States, the cost of which exceeds $100,000,000. It possesses more than 500
locomotives, over 10,000 passenger and freight cars, and employs above 20,000
men in its working departments ; its disbursements for labor, material and
supplies exceeding $1,000,000 per month.
fUf As the Baltimore and Ohio Eail Eoad, together with the vast net-work of
railways co-operating with it, is used in making Baltimore a great manufac
turing and commercial centre, and the most economical and desirable
entrepot for the constantly expanding business of large portions of our exten
sive country, it requires but the concurrent energy and enterprise of our
citizens to make the progress and greatness of the City unlimited in extent
and thoroughly substantial in character.
The following is a list of the prominent officers of the Baltimore and Ohio
Eail Eoad :
President — John W. Garrett ; 1st Vice President — John King, Jr.; 2d Vice
President — Wm. Keyser ; Master of Transportation — Thomas E. Sharp ; Mas
ter of Machinery — John C. Davis; Master of Road — John L. Wilson; Gen
eral Freight Agent — N. Guilford ; General Ticket Agent — L. M. Cole ; Gen
eral Passenger Agent — Sydney B. Jones, (Cincinnati) ; Auditor — Wm. T.
Thelin ; Assistant Auditor — A. D. Smith, (Columbus, Ohio); Treasurer — Wm.
H. Ijams ; Superintendent of Telegraph — A. G. Davis ; General Superinten
dent Ohio Division, (Columbus, O.) — W. C. Quincy; Edward Potts, Secretary
to the President.

Its Past History and Present Eesources.

291

NORTHERN CENTRAL RAILWAY.

IN that broad expanse of country with Niagara Falls, between Lakes Erie
and Ontario, forming the apex and New York, Philadelphia and our
own City marking the base of the triangle, may be found pretty fully
illustrated the great wealth which Nature has given to man.
That its importance was thoroughly appreciated by all three of these large
cities and that they desired to secure its advantages to themselves peculiarly,
is evidenced by the fact that great lines of rail roads were very early in the
history of our country projected through its entire length and breadth and
now form a perfect net-work over the territory embraced in the triangle.
The richest fruits of husbandry, the exhaustless mineral deposits which
underlie the soil in that region, the great woods which furnish so luxuriously
our best saloons and drawing-rooms, form together a combination of treasures
which can be surpassed probably in no other section of the globe.
The range of territory embraced within the lines drawn from these cities
to the point named above, has had expended upon it, perhaps, more of the
muscular strength and exuberant energy of man than any other district of
the same dimensions in this or the Old World, save the portions of Great
Britain and the continent of Europe that have been for ten centuries inhabi

ted and cultivated by an enlight
ened race. Several causes have led
to this wonderful development of a
region not a whit better than many
other parts of these United States.
Proximity to our great cities and

292 The Monumental City,
the vast capital which centres in those places, but especially the facilities for
building rail roads, have brought about a result which must necessarily lead
to the growth of the whole American Continent and the realization of the
prophecies, of our sanguine politicians with reference to its immense forces at
the beginning of the next century.
Among those great Eoads which have contributed to the progress of this
vast section of our country may be mentioned with pride by Baltimoreans
the present "Northern Central Eail way," formerly known as the Baltimore
and Susquehanna. Chartered by the State of Maryland on the 13th day of
February, 1828, organized as a Company on the 5th of May following, with a
Board of Directors whose names are historic, it commenced operations by the
laying of the corner-stone on the 8th of August of the succeeding year. It
was confidently expected that the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania would
combine with our State in this great undertaking, and after long delay, in
March, 1832, an act of incorporation was obtained from the Pennsylvania
Legislature to extend the road from York to the Maryland line. The latter
act was objectionable in its features, and it was not until November, 1835,
that a satisfactory conclusion was reached between the Legislative body of
that State and the Stockholders of the road. Our space requires that we
should be brief in our notice of the early history of this Company.
Like all great works of internal improvements, planned almost in the dawn
of our national life, it had its trials and struggles. The wisdom of our Leg
islators which had manifested itself so conspicuously with regard to other
corporations was not slow to perceive the advantages that must accrue from
this organization to the City of Baltimore and the State of Maryland. Timely
aid was extended, and our own City contributed her quota towards its con
struction. It must be borne in mind however, that rail roads at that time
were in their infancy — civil engineering was scarcely a distinct science outside
of the army, and very able men with the best intentions in the world were
liable to make mistakes in estimates, and did make egregious errors. The
road was opened to the Eelay House on July 4th 1831 and to Timonium and
Owings' Mills in 1832. It was perhaps the first rail road corporation in this
country to undertake gradients of any considerable magnitude. The Parr
Spring Eidge was overcome by a grade of 84 feet to the mile, for two and
seven-tenths miles.
An interesting feature in its early history was the importation of a locomo
tive from Liverpool, ordered in March 1831, and ready for delivery six months
before a vessel could be obtained to bring it over — the third locomotive, by
the by, in successful operation in America. The Baltimore and Susquehanna
Eail Eoad was completed to York, in August 1838; the Wrightsville, York
and Gettysburg Eail Eoad subsequently operated in connection with this road,
was finished in 1840; to Columbia it was opened in the same year and com
munication secured with Pittsburg by means of a canal from that point.

Its Past History and Present Resources.

29a

The State of Maryland on the 10th of March, 1854, and the Common
wealth of Pennsylvania on the 3d of May following, passed an act with
this title*.
"An Act to authorize the consolidation of the Baltimore and Susquehanna
Eail Eoad Company, with the York and Maryland Line Eail Eoad Company,
the York and Cumberland Eail Eoad Company, and the Susquehanna Eail
Eoad Company by the name of the Northern Central Eailway Company."
The connection
of the Northern
Central with the
great Pennsyl
vania Eoad, its
extension by
means of its own
branches or
healthful con
nections to the
Lakes, the West,
the North-west,
the South, and
the Pacific Coast
are so well
known to the
public at large,
as to require no
allusion in an
article of thia
kind. That this
road ramifying as
it does, through
its connections,
the whole North
American Conti
nent as far as it
has yet been set
tled, has accom
plished incalcu
lable good for
our country, it
the artist's dream-watkins glen. jg scarcely neces
sary to mention here, but there are features about it which belong to few
rail roads, and which we feel bound to recount in an article setting forth its
advantages in connection with the history of Baltimore. If we glance at any

294 The Monumental City,
of the maps which exhibit its extensions, we shall find that along its line
have sprung into existence towns and cities as though by magic. So thickly
are they strewn from Baltimore to Canandaigua, that a map drawn with
proper scales will hardly contain their names. The whole road appears to be
& continuous city with here and there a more thickly settled portion to mark
the greater enterprise of a particular class of the inhabitants.
The immense wealth underlying the surface of Baltimore County, iron,
marble, granite and lime, is tapped and brought into our City. The road
penetrates the wonderful anthracite region in Pennsylvania, and its exhaust-
less products are received in Baltimore by hundreds of thousands of tons.
The Copper mines about Lake Superior contribute to its revenues, — the
through travel from the great North-west, the products of that section and
of the "Far West" and their vast resources, mineral, vegetable and cereal,
are poured into our City through its means.
The gentlemen connected with the road have displayed an energy and have
adopted a far-sighted policy that really rank them among those great practical
men who have made the nineteenth century an extraordinary era in the
annals of history. Whenever a connection could be profitably formed and
was likely to lead to trade and travel to any of the larger cities where its
termini are located the road was extended in that direction, and this has
been done repeatedly when immediate profit could not have been a considera
tion, indicating clearly that it was the result of enlightened prudence, and
that future prosperity was the object at which the Company was aiming.
This policy undoubtedly in the early history of the road impaired its financial
strength, but "it is an ill-wind that blows nobody good," and the terrific war
between the North and the South which brought trouble to every community
and almost every fire-side in the land, yielded a golden harvest to the rail
roads located along or leading to the lines of the contending armies. This
road was convenient to the capital of the country, and like similar corpora
tions having depots in this City, its coffers were replenished by the revenue
acquired from the Government for the transportation of troops and supplies
and its embarrassments were consequently dissipated. A double track was
completed over the greater portion of its length, and its monetary strength
so considerably augmented that it wa3 enabled to extend a helping hand to a
new road projected through a very fertile section of our State but which had
languished because of the impoverished condition of our people who resided
in that region.
The latter, the Baltimore and Potomac, has since then been built through
several of the lower Counties of Maryland to the Potomac river and also to
the City of Washington, and forms close and continuous connections by
locomotive power through the great tunnels under the Eastern and North
western sections of our City with all the leading Northern and Southern
routes of travel.

Its Past History and Present Resources.

295

The Northern
Central Bailway
Company have!
not been content!
to rest on their
oars; they seek
now by means of;
the Union Eail
Road an outlet to
tide- water, which
in view of the very
great increase in
the Coal trade of
our City in the
past 18 months,
will be specially
advantageous to
our commercial
interests. They
have invested
heavily in land at
Canton and pur
pose the erection |
immediately of]
spacious piers,;
wharves and ele-j
vators for the re
ception of West- 1
ern grain. But
we shall devote
the balance of our
space to a sum-l
mary of the more
interesting and beautiful features along the line of this great road. A trip
over it from Baltimore to Niagara cannot fail to interest, and its impressions
will be stamped upon the mind forever. For simple beauty, splendor or
sublimity the scenery along the route is perhaps not equalled by that of any
road in the world. There may be lines of travel which, separately, illustrate
more strongly any one of these features, but such a combination can scarcely
be witnessed on any other road. The Eocky Mountain passes give us an
idea of grandeur, some of the terrific declivities of the Andes, sublimity, and
the beautiful little glades about Cheat Eiver in the Alleghany range suggest,
simple loveliness, but along this line of road we have them all, and can enjoy
them seriatim.

THE EAGLE CLIFF AND FALLS— HAVANA GLEN.

,296 The Monumental City,
As the train passes out of the substantial depot on Calvert Street the trav
eller is confronted with the great machine shops which have given Baltimore
such a reputation as a centre for manufactures. Through a line of villages,
the natural off-shoots of a great city, teeming with busy life and echoing the
sound of the manufacturer's hammer, the train glides until a beautiful little
lake is reached which nestles peacefully in a smiling valley. So cosily is it
located one finds it difficult to realize that the skill of man, not the hand of
Nature, has created Lake Eoland as a reservoir to supply the wants of a
great city.
The road passes Timonium, at one time the great race-course of the State,
where many of the contests that so delighted the distinguished heads of the
old Maryland families, were wont to occui*. Further on, beyond Cockeysville,
are located the marble, granite and lime quarries and the iron works at Ash
land, with great beds of ore that are likely to add for an indefinite period to
the resources and prosperity of our City. The Gunpowder Eiver, a small
stream tributary to the Chesapeake Bay, intersects the road at numerous
points until the Maryland line is reached. The river crosses beneath the
railway in several places, and in some instances its windings and twistings
among the overshadowing rocks give a decidedly picturesque appearance to
the landscape. Long ranges of hills in the upper part of Baltimore County,
discovering to the pleasure-seeker or traveller the various strata of rock so
instructive to the geologist and attractive to all who take an interest in
the workings of Nature, mark this portion of the Northern Central Bail-
way. There are so many features of general interest along the line of this road
that it will be impossible for us to mention them all, and many omis
sions will necessarily occur of spots which travellers, once seeing, can never
forget. The connections of the Northern Central with Gettysburg and its
vicinity point it out as a delightful Eoad to excursionists. Here occurred
what has been supposed by many to have been the crowning battle of the
fratricidal strife which deluged some of the fairest portions of our country in
blood. The Healing Springs of Gettysburg, a recent discovery, and the
variegated scenery of the surrounding country, are strong inducements both
to the sight-seer and the valetudinarian.
It is not, however, until after Harrisburg is reached that the more striking
features of this great highway can be thoroughly appreciated. The Susque
hanna comes in view, a stream, broad, majestic and prolific in points of
interest, and, as the full moon at times casts its pale rays over the waters,
suggestive of scenes far away, where the people traverse their city in boats,
and shadowy forms glide from under the dark arches like phantoms from
another world, with this difference, that the apparitions proceed from the
numberless drifts which crowd the river, and the gondolas are lovely little
islands studding its centre and sides.

Its Past History and Present Eesources.

297

SUSQUEHANNA, NEAR HARRISBURG.

But there is s=
a region be- _
yond Harris- ^z"3f
burg on this ¥r==h
road, a section of America which deserves
special mention, where nature has invest
ed the country with all the qualities
alluded to above, and where the industry
of man with his feeble auxiliaries, has utilized the
boundless treasures she offers him. As we pass through
the centre of Pennsylvania into the Western portion
of New York, we encounter a succession of beautiful views, — lofty precipices,
mountain torrents, rushing cascades, pastoral fields, awful chasms, headlong
falls of streams and wonderful upheavals of the Earth's surface which cause us
to gaze with admiration, and if reflection at such a time be possible, to think
of the limitless phenomena produced for our pleasure and instruction by an all
wise and all powerful Creator, in a space which occupies so small a portion of
the planet on which we live. The exquisite beauty of the landscape along the
canal near Millport; Watkins Glen, already world renowned, with its bound
less variety of scenery, alternately awing us into soberness by its grandeur
and calling forth exclamations of delight by its sweet peaceful beauty; the
very names of the views suggestive and showing how man can only be an
imitator of the manifold workings of nature, "the Cathedral," "the Artist's

x^^^..M$im£. '¦"2^-w^sfe^^Sr-

Dream ;" Havana Glen with its
" Bridal Veil," its " Mystic Cas
cade," its "Eagle Cliff and Fall;"
the little mountain torrents
flowing through each of these
vales displaying a multiplicity
of motions, at one moment leap
ing with resistless fury from
precipice to precipice as though
they would rend the adamantine
surfaces upon which they fell;
at another gliding mildly along
with graceful sinuosity as though
they had never rushed and spout
ed and foamed ; the mammoth
walls of rock, with jagged sides
which rear their lofty heads on
either hand as these limpid foun
tains gush down their sides or
seek the old and beaten path
way marked out for them at
some preada,mite period, when
man was known only in the mind
of the great Creator — all these
varied and wonderful objects of
interest widely known at pre
sent, are destined in the future
to make this region the mecca
of tourists, and the Northern
Central Railway the route by
which their pilgrimages are to
be accomplished.
Genesee Falls are too well-
known to need description here,
and finally the great Falls of
Niagara, the eighth wonder of
the world, the apex of the tri
angle referred to in the begin
ning of this article are reached.
Their grandeur and sublimity
are known to the whole world,
and the impossibility of doing
justice to their magnificent fea
tures should be a sufficient
apology for their mere mention.

THE BRIDAL VEIL— HAVANA GLEN.

In closing our re
marks upon the
Northern Central, it
is due to this corpor
ation that we should
particularly specify
the great benefits it
has accomplished,
not only for the sec
tions of country
through which it
immediately passes,
but for the whole of
our vast territory as
yet brought under
cultivation and made
tributary to the
wants and luxuries
of our people.
Beginning its ef
forts early in our
history, it pushed
steadily on with its
work until that por
tion already alluded
to had been pene
trated, and its rich
treasures, — mineral,
agricultural and
beautiful, — exposed
to the gaze and col
lected for the use of
mankind. The development
of one region leads
to the advancement
of all. How far the
Company has been
instrumental in as
sisting the progress
of civilization to the
far West, it is im
possible to estimate;
it is sufficient for
our purposes to state,

19

UNDER THE FALL, LOOKING TOWARD THE CATHEDRAL—'

QLEN-

300

The Monumental City,

that, as in the past, it has sought connections and extended its road
wherever they were likely to prove mutually profitable to the corporation
and the City of Baltimore, so for the future, the present energetic and pru
dent management of the Company is a satisfactory guarantee.
The following are the officers of the Northern Central Railway :
President — J. D. Cameron; Vice President — J. N. Du Barry; General
Manager — A. J. Cassatt; Secretary — E. S. Hollins; Treasurer — J. S. Leib;
Auditor — S. Little ; General Passenger Agent — Edwin S. Young ; General
Eastern Freight Agent— J. M. Drill ; General Western Freight Agent — Isaac
M. Schermerhorn.

BALTIMORE AND POTOMAC RAIL ROAD.

I,HE five lower Counties on the Western Shore of Maryland contain a
population, intelligent, educated and refined, and possessing character
istics very similar to those which distinguish the inhabitants of our
own City; moreover, in each of those counties may be found broad tracts of
country remarkably fertile and productive and most beautifully located, and
yet until within the last year or so, but little has been known of these people
or the section in which they live.
m jgguatfBMfaiM -A- number of reasons may be urged for this apparent
Mv -- obscurity. We shall, however, suggest but one, so self-
i ' '-' ' _- evident, that its bare mention will cause its recognition.
Until a very recent period there were practically no
avenues of communication between Baltimore and large
sections of these counties, not forty miles distant from
gjtg^jg^ajjjajrig* the city limits. The fact
[I is the "iron-horse" had
;; >',"vgE penetrated the vast wil-
- — - "- - ts^^-,.X^XXifsi^\ ,;!t dernesses of tlie West and
XXXX. 0  ~M r _ XXM scaled the lofty altitudes
m of the Eocky Mountains
before he had entered the
"forest of Prince George"
or the great tobacco grow
ing country of Charles and
St. Mary's,while much the
larger and richer portions
of Anne Arundel and Cal-
HIGH BRIDGE OVER GWYNN'S FALLS, B. & P. R. R. Tert are gtiU wj.thout rail

Its Past History and Present Eesouroes. 301
road communication. The steamboats which ply between Baltimore and
different points along the shores of these counties, though furnishing safe
and commodious means of access, do not of themselves afford sufficient outlet
for the trade of the Southern portions of the Western Shore, even when not
obstructed by the inclemency of the weather during the winter season.
Though they contribute their quota to the development of that portion of
our State they are not able to bring about that rapid improvement which
would seem to be necessary to enable these sections of Maryland to keep pace
with the great march of progress and advancement taking place in many
other parts of the country.
Before the war, the gentlemen from these counties lived like feudal barons.
Surrounded by their slaves, nearly all were independent as far as this world's
goods were concerned, and the spirit of money-making, at present the preva
lent feature of all communities, had made but slight inroads among the
wealthy neighborhoods which so thickly dotted this lower tier of counties.
Hospitality, the brightest gem in Maryland's crown, the jewel which has
made her far better known in foreign lands than some of her wealthier and
more enterprising sisters, seemed to be both the business and pastime of the
inhabitants of this portion of our State, and as there was no urgent necessity
for the exercise of energy, at that time but little of it was exhibited. There
were bright exceptions even then to the rule. Some men were conspicuous
in these localities for their clear appreciation of the real needs of lower Mary
land and endeavored to arouse a spirit of enterprise. As early as 1853, a
number of these gentlemen applied to the Legislature and obtained a charter
for the Baltimore and Potomac Eail Eoad. The preliminary organization
was not effected until 1859, and the following ' gentlemen were selected as
Directors of the road : Hon. John Stephen Sellman, of Anne Arundel County ;
Hon. William D. Bowie and Col. W. W. W. Bowie, of Prince George's County;
Hon. Walter Mitchell and John W. Jenkins, of Charles County ; Edmund S.
Plowden, of St. Mary's County, and Edwin Eobinson, of Virginia.
Unavailing efforts were made to commence the construction of the road
during the year. No State or City aid had been secured, and as was said
above the large majority of land owners did not at that time realize the neces
sity for railroad communication with Baltimore. The Hon. Oden Bowie,
since then Governor of our State, was made a Director of the road, and very
soon thereafter its President, in I860.' He immediately suggested a more
active policy, and two sections of the work, from Upper Marlboro to the
Annapolis and Elk Eidge Eail Eoad, were put under contract. Had the
contractors completed their work, Upper Marlboro, the county seat of Prince
George's, would have been placed in communication with our City by means
of the Annapolis and Elk Eidge Rail Eoad and its connection with the
Washington Branch of the Baltimore and Ohio Eail Eoad. Unfortunately
the civil war broke out and a long period of inactivity followed. Governor

302

The Monumental City,

Bowie never relaxed his efforts, but the political agitation which convulsed
the country for the next four years rendered abortive every attempt to build
a road that did not minister to its necessities in some form.
The war over, the people of Prince George's and Charles became alive to
the almost absolute necessity of the road, but they were in no condition to
respond financially to the demands of Governor Bowie. The system of labor
in these counties had undergone a complete revolution. Millions of dollars
worth of property had been swept away — hundreds of households were impov
erished, and those who had escaped bankruptcy had not yet adjusted them-

EASTERN ENTRANCE OF BALTIMORE AND POTOMAC RAIL ROAD TUNNEL.
selves to the great change that had taken place in their mode of planting and
farming. With what rapidity they assimilated themselves to the change in
their condition and put their shoulders to the wheel, it is hardly necessary to
state here, but at this juncture, no local capital could be raised and the prospects
of the corporation were desperate. Governor Bowie was undismayed. He had
seen all along the great advantages to be derived from its construction, not
only to the portion of Maryland through which it would pass, but also to
Baltimore, which it would place in such close connection with the great South-

Its Past History and Present Eesources. 303
em and South-western lines of travel and which through its branch road to
Washington gave another means of approach to the National Capital.
The capitalists of Maryland had very generally invested in the great corpo
rations which had served to extend the trade and commerce of Baltimore, and
the financial pressure which had followed the close of the war, and which
has not altogether abated at this writing, did not leave many of them in a
condition to aid in the construction of another road. Struggles, too, ensued
with rival corporations, and it was not until 1867 that legislative enactments
were obtained that enabled the corporation to commence its work.
In the meantime, the President had not been idle. Finding it impossible
to interest the capitalists of our own State because of the crippled condition
in which they were placed, he went elsewhere. The Pennsylvania Eail
Eoad Company appreciated directly the advantages likely to accrue to
Baltimore and its own system of roads from its completion, and the requisite
funds were secured for its construction. The road was put under contract
immediately throughout its entire length.
It was to be built first from Baltimore through Anne Arundel, Prince
George's and Charles Counties, to Pope's Creek, on the Potomac Eiver, a dis
tance of 73 miles, and its lateral branch to" Washington, from Bowie Junction
in Prince George's, was to be 17 miles long, making its entire length 90 miles.
The Baltimore and Potomac was opened from Baltimore to Washington on
the 2d day of July, 1872, and from Bowie to Pope's Creek on the 1st of Jan
uary, 1873.
The most prominent features of the road are its great tunnels under the cities
of Washington and Baltimore. The tunnel in our City passes directly under
the streets and houses, is one and a half miles in length, and at some points
55 feet below the level of the streets. It is cut in many instances through
solid rock. Water and other obstacles were encountered, but the most scien
tific principles of engineering were brought into play to surmount them, the
magnitude of which will be better understood when it is known that its cost
has been more than two millions of dollars. Indeed there is no such work
under any other city in the Union. The road itself from Baltimore to Pope's
Creek is a model of engineering skill. The Company have availed themselves
of all the modern improvements in rail road construction known to Engineers.
Its superstructure is substantially built and laid with durable rails weighing
64 pounds to the yard.
The immediate results to follow to the city of Baltimore are, an impetus to
farming and planting through an extended and very fertile region of our own
State, by which the productions of that section, such as corn, wheat and
tobacco, are likely to be increased four-fold, and fruits and vegetables of every
description brought into the city at prices which will place them within
reach of the whole community ; an enhancement of the value of property
along its line, and an offer of sites for summer residences for our successful

304 The Monumental City, Its Past History, Etc.
merchants, together with small farms, for their recreation and pleasure, at
prices likely to render unnecessary the expensive exodus of our people during
the hot months of summer to the various fashionable and uncomfortable
resorts and watering places.
To the country through which it passes it will simply be an inestimable
auxiliary. Its more remote beneflits to our City will manifest themselves at
an early day when the plans at present in contemplation have been carried
out and the extension to Eichmond completed. Already, through its Wash
ington branch, intercourse with the Southern lines of rail road has been
secured, and the completion of the Baltimore tunnel gives a perfectly agreea
ble and convenient route to through trade and travel. The road is abund
antly provided with the finest equipment of engines, passenger coaches,
palace and sleeping cars, and has already fulfilled the most sanguine hopes of
its friends.
, The following is a list of the present officers of the corporation :
Hon. Oden Bowie, President ; J. N. Du Barry, Vice President and General
Manager; E. L. Du Barry, Superintendent; S. Little, Secretary and Auditor;
J. S. Leib, Treasurer; Edwin S. Young, General Passenger Agent; James
M. Drill, General Freight Agent.

The author begs to say, that in compiling this account of "The Monumental
City, Its Past History and Present Eesources," he has had to contend with
peculiar difficulties. In the effort to represent all interests, it has been
necessary to seek information from many sources, and to accept it in various
shapes. The facts obtained were sometimes a little highly colored by the
prejudices of those from whom they were derived.
Whatever may be the faults of the work, he feels that he has gathered
a mass of information in regard to our prosperous and growing city, and that
in acting the pioneer, he has materially lightened the labors of those who will
come after him.
GEO. W. HOWARD.
THE CELEBRATED
LEFFEL PATENT AMERICAN
Double Turbine Water- Wheel,
The Best Water-Wheel in Existence.
MANUFACTURED BY
POOLE & HUNT,
BALTIMORE.

J. W. BOND & CO.
BOOKSELLERS AND STATIONERS,
o,S^toIK.3l8Sa,i,^S'a..} No. 90 Baltimore St., Baltimore.

306

The Monumental Gity,

National Fire Insurance Company
OF BALTIMORE.
XX^S^X^^S^ff^. r Maryland, Dec. Sess. 1849.

Chartered Capital,
3 300,000.

Cash Capital,
100,000.

WmmsSM

Assets,
207,000.

JOHN B. SEIDENSTRICKER, President.

DIRECTORS.

HENRY M. BASH,
GEORGE BARTLETT,
JOSEPH W. JENKINS,
WILLIAM WOOD W ARD,
EDWARD J. CHURCH,
GEORGE SMALL,

HUGH SISSON,
ROBERT LAWSON,
DECATUR H. MILLER,
OLIVER A. PARKER,
ROBERT LEHR,
GEORGE C. JENKINS.

H. G. LANDIS, Secretary.
THOMAS C. JENKINS, Jr., Clerk.
WILLIAM C JENNESS, Clerk.
Office at the North-West cor. of HoUiday & Second Sts.

-£>• OCO

mo K
Po HH|Zito« a?
I**-. ntf o
H

H
CO -"*

AGENCIES FOE THE SALE OF THE KNABE PIANO IN ALL THE PEINCIPAL CITIES.

WM. KNABE & CO.'S PIANO FACTORIES, COENEE EUTAW AND WEST STEEETS, BALTIMOEE.
Warerooms, 350 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, and 112 Fifth Avenue, above 16th Street, New York.

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Page.
American Building, The . 55
Artist's Dream — Watkins' Glen, 293
Baltimore Female College, . 277
" Fire Ins. Co.'s Building, . 257
" Glass-Works, . . 232
" In 1752, ... 15
" Pearl Hominy Building, . 138
" Steam Sugar Befinery, . 112
Banking House — John A. Hambleton
& Co.'s, . . .266
Blind Asylum, . . 51
Boys' Home, . * . . 52
Bridal Veil — Havana Glen, 298
Building — Brosius & Co.'s, . 152
J. W. Bond & Co.'s, . 305
Carlin & Fulton's, . . 155
William Devries & Co.'s, . 144
Shipe, Cloud & Co.'s, . . 145
Young Men's Christian Association , 43
Buildings — Drake! ey & Fenton's, 108
Flack Bros.' . . 128
George & Jenkins,' . . 107
Building — Hodges & Bros.' . 150
National Fire Ins. Co., . . 306
George F. Webb's, . 136
Wilson, Burns & Co.'s, 119
Business Houses — Armstrong, Cator
& Co % . . . 159
Business House — Barrett &Higgins', 160
Church — Bethany Independ. Methodist, 36
344175C64746657763
113
252
283245 179
295302 87
86
197

Cathedral, Catholic, The
Eutaw Place Baptist,
First Baptist,
Mount Vernon Place Methodist
Episcopal, .
New First Presbyterian, .
Old First Presbyterian,
Old Light Street Methodist,
Sharp St. Meth Epis (colored,)
St. Paul's Protestant Episcopal,
Calvert Sugar Refinery,
Carrollton Hotel,
¦Clay Cutting — Union Rail Road
Tunnel,
Cut of the Harbor,
Druid Mills,
Eagle Cliff and Falls — Havana
Glen.
Eastern Entrance of the Balti
more and Potomac Tunnel,
Edmond's Well — Druid Hill Park,
Entrance of Druid Hill Park,
Estey Organ,

Page.
Forest Trees— Druid Hill Park, 88
Franklin Bank, . . . 263
Frontispiece.German Correspondent Building, 60
Guy's Hotel, . . . 251
Hebrew Hospital, . . 49
High Bridge over Gwynn's Falls, 300
Hoen, A., & Co. . . . 99, 100
Home of the Aged of the M. E.
Church, . . 53
Homeless Boy, . . .45
Horner, Joshua, Jr. . 237, 238
Institution for the Education of
Deaf and Dumb, . . 96
Iron Works —
Bartlett, Robbins & Co.'s, 215
Knabe, Wm., & Co., . . .307
Lake Roland, . . 291
Larrabee's Block, , . 166
Mansion House, . 253
Maryland Institute, . . 40
Maryland Moulding, Turning
and Sawing Works, . 193
Maryland Sugar Refinery, 115
Maryland Window-Glass Works, 230
Masonic Temple, .... 72
Miller's Safe and Iron Works, 205
Monuments — Washington, . . 69
Wildey, ... .70
New City Hall, . . 33
Numsen's Block, . . 103, 141
Patapsco Flouring Mills, . 132
Peabody Institute, . . 38
Poole & Hunt's Works, . 207
Present Boundaries of the City, 29
School of Medicine, University
of Maryland, . . 95
Shot Tower, . . . 107
Silver Lake— Druid Hill Park, 89
Stansbury Building, . 104
Steam Furniture Works, . 195
Stickney Iron Works, . . 208
Sun Iron Building, . . 57
Susquehanna, near Harrisburg, 297
Tannery of Geo. Appold & Sons, 163
The Savings Bank of Baltimore, 260
Tyler's Lumber Yard, . 189
Under the Fall, Looking Toward
the Cathedral — Watkins Glen, 299
Vickers', Geo. R., Office Building, 255
Warren Cotton Miils, . 177
Washington Building, . . 273
Works Maryland White Lead Co. 226

GENERAL INDEX.

Page.
Abell, A. S.,  57,59
Academy of Music, .... 79
Agricultural Implements, . . 190, 191
Allan Line of Steamships, . . 289
Amusement, Places of . . . 78, 79
Annapolis, . . . .19, 22, 91
Architectural Iron Works, . . 214
Architecture, . . . 64,66 — 68
Abt,  42

Association, Maryland State Agricultu
ral and Mechanical, 79, 80
Young Men's Christian, 67
Asylum, Bayview  47
' " Blind  51
" Deaf and Dumb, . 50
Sheppard, . . . 48—50
" ^Spring Grove, ... 48
Baker, Charles J. .... 59
Baltimore and Bremen Line of Steamers, 289
Baltimore City Jail, .... 67
Baltimore Clippers, .... 24
Baltimore Corn and. Flour Exchange, 135
Baltimore and Drum Point Rail Road, 31, 81
Baltimore and Potomac Railroad, Its
Influence upon the Prosperity of
Southern Maryland, &c, 294, 300—303
Baltimore and Ohio Rail Road, Its
Connections, Extensions, Influence
upon Baltimore, &c, &c.
30, 31, 74, 129, 130, 284—290
Baltimore Warehouse Company, . 131
Banks and Bankers, . . 258, 259
Bar of Baltimore, ... 73, 74
Bar of Maryland  73
Bartlett, D. L.,  71
Battle Monument, . . . . 28, 68
Battle of North Point, . . 27, 68, 71
Board of Trade, . . . 61, 62
Boundaries of Maryland, . . 8, 9, 10
Bowie, Governor Oden, . 79, 80, 302—304
Brass and Bell Founding, . . 202, 203
Bricks, Manufacture of, . . . 248
Brooklyn  81
Brooks, Chauncey, ... 3
Brown, George S  73
Burning of the Tea, . . . .19
Butter and Cheese, . . . 110
Calvert, George, Lord Baltimore, 7, 8, 9, 10
Calvert, Leonard, .... 10
Candies and Foreign Fruits, . . 139, 140
Canton and the Canton Company, In
fluence upon the Progress of the
City, &c, &c. . . . 281—285
Carroll, Charles, . . . .285

Page.
Cattle Market, .... 250
Cemeteries, .... 88, 89
Chemistry and Pharmacy, Maryland
College of,  76
Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, . . 30, 92
Churches, .... 62- 64
Bethany Independent Methodist, 67
Catholic Cathedral, . 26, 64, 66
Eutaw Place Baptist, . . 67
First Presbyterian, . . .67
Mount Vernon, M. E. . . 64
Old Light St., M. E. ... 64
St. Paul's  14
City Hall.

29,89,90,28 8
78
78 78

City Limits, Extension of, .
Clayborne, William, .
Clubs — The Allston,
The Baltimore,
The Maryland,
Coal, . . 32,91.218,219,284,286
Coffee, . . ... . .116
Continental Congress, . . .18, 19
Cooperage Stores, .... 278
Corn Flour, Manufacture of, . . 138
Cotton,  81,176,177
Cotton Bags, Manufacture of, . 181, 182
Cotton Duck, " " . 180, 181
Cotton Press, The Monumental, . 131
Counties of the State in Brief, 91 — 94
Alleghany, . . . . 91, 92
Anne Arundel, . . 91, 92, 93

Baltimore,Calvert, .
Caroline,Carroll,Cecil, .
Charles,
Dorchester,Frederick, Garrett,Harford,
Howard, .
Kent, .
Montgomery, .
Prince George's,
Queen Anne's,
St. Mary's, .
Somerset, .
Talbot, Washington,
Wicomico, .
Worcester,
Court House,
Cromwell's Commissioners,

90, 91, 92, 93
91, 92, 93, 13
91, 93

91

91,92 . 92
91,94
91,92 91
91,92
91,9291,93 92
92,93
91,9292,9391,94
91,93 92
91,94 91,94 26 11

* Note.— Inadvertently, the name of De. Kichabd S. Stewabt was omitted in our mention of the
Maryland Hospital, now Spring Grove Asylum. That he was the originator of this institution and has
nurtured it to the present moment, when it has assumed such grand proportions, is a fact with which
¦every intelligent Marylander is familiar.
The treatment of the Insane, in our State at least, has been advanced to a Science mainly through his
efforts.

310

Index.

Page.
Cumberland,  91
Curled Hair,  183
Dedication,  3
Deepening of the Channel, . . 82, 83
Dentistry, Its Origin and Progress in
Baltimore, .... 76—78
Domestic Lines of Steamers, . . 32, 94
Druid Hill Park, . . .81, 85—88
Dulany, Chase and Johnson, . . 73
Dwelling Houses, ... 35, 67, 68
Early, Samuel S  71
Early Trade and Commerce,-
14, 17, 21, 23, 24, 25, 27, 28, 31
Eastern Shore Rail Roads, . . ' 93, 94
East India Company, ... 19
Eleemosynary Associations, . 44 — 47
Elevators at Locust Point, . . 289
Establishment of Manufactures, . 21
Federal Hill,  14
Fell's Point, . . . . 13,16
Fell, William, . . . . 13, 16
Fire Bricks and Pottery, Manufacture of, 246
Fire Department, Compared with
the same in other Cities, . . 83, 84
First Steamboats, ... 23, 29
Fish, Trade in, ... . 122
Flour, Manufacture of, and Market for,
133 134
Ford, John T  78,79
Foreign Steamers, . . .32, 94, 289
FortMcHenry, . . . . 13,26
Founding of the City, ... 12
Frederick City,  92
Front Street Theatre, ... 79
Fulton, CO,  56
Furniture, Manufacture of, . 193, 194
Gambrill, Horatio N  81
Garrett, John W  286
Gas,  28,30
Glassware, Manufacture of, . 221, 222
Glassworks, ... 23, 221, 222
Govanstown,  81
Grain Trade, .... 129, 130
Grand Opera House, Ford's, . . 78
Greenmount Cemetery, . . .88, 89
Guano and Fertilizers, Manufacture
of,  235, 236
Gwynn's Falls,  13
Hagerstown,  92
Harbor of Baltimore, . . .22, 82, 83
Harper, Robert Goodloe, . . 73
Harris, Dr. Chapin A. ... 76
Healthfulness of the City, . . 35
Historical Society, .' . . .42
HoUiday Street Theatre, . . 78, 79
Hopkins, Johns, ... 51, 52
Horses and Mules  249
Hospital, Johns Hopkins, . . 61, 52
Hotels,  251,253
House of Refuge, ... 48
Howard, Col. John Eager, . . .68
Incorporation of Baltimore, . . 26
Ingle Rebellion,  10
Imported Wines and Liquors, . 125

Page.
Imports and Exports, ... 32
Iron, .... 17,90,91,32,206
Iron Bridge Building, . . . 216
Jenkins, Colonel J. Strieker, . . 71
Jewelry,  198
Jobbing Trade, .... 142,143
Johns Hopkins University, . . 52
Johnson, Hon. Reverdy, . . 74
Jones, David  13
Jones' Falls, . . . 12, 13
Jones' Town, or Old Town, . . 13
Jones, H. Bolton, ... 73
Joppa,  16
Journalists,  54
Kelso, Thomas,  51
King, John, Jr  71
Klemm, F., see Map of Baltimore.
Law Library  74
Leaf Tobacco, . . . 184, 185
Location of the City, 12, 13, 26, 29, 33, 94
Lower Counties of Marvland, 300, 301, 302
Lumber Trade, . " . 188, 189
Malt, Manufacture of, ... 139
Manufactured Tobacco, . . . 187
Marble, .... 32,91,92,241
Marine Insurance, . . . 24
Marine Observatory, ... 61
Market Houses, . . . . 16, 23
Martin, Luther, .... 73
Maryland Institute, ... 41, 42
Maryland Jockey Club, . . .79, 80
Mason and Dixon's Line, ... 9
Masonic Temple, .... 67
Matches, . . ... 124
McCoy, John W  73
McDonogh, John, . . . 42, 44
McMahon, John V. L. . . .7, 74
Mercantile Library, .... 42
Merchants' Exchange, . . .28, 61
Medical and Ohirurgical Faculty, 74, 75
Medicine, Progress of the Science in
Baltimore,  74
Millinery Business, . . . 158
Monuments,  68
Mount Hope and Mount Hope Retreat, 50
Mount Washington, ... 81
Naval Stores, .... 227, 228
Nelson, John, .... 74
Newcomer, B. F. . . . .71
Non-Importation Societies, . . 19
Northern Central Railway, Its Origin,
History and Influence on the Pros
perity of Baltimore, &c, &c, 31, 291—300
Oyster, Fruit and Vegetable Packing, 101, 102
Painting and Sculpture, . . 71
Paints and Chemicals, . . 221, 222
Paper,  1«8
Paper Bags, ... 176
Parks and Squares, . . 85 — 88
Patapsco River, .... 12
Patterson Park  87
Peabody George, . . 38 — 40
Peabody Institute, . . . 38—40

Index.

311

Page.
Pearl Hominy  138
Petroleum, . ... 221
Philadelphia, Wilmington and Balti
more Rail Road, .... 31
Pianos,  196,197
Pikesville, ... .81
Pimlico,  79,80
Pinkney, William, ... 73
Plated Ware,  200
Police of Baltimore, Its efficiency,
and favorable comparison of the same
with other cities, .... 83
Poor Association, ... 44
Population, ... 31, 62, 89, 90
Porter, George U. . . 61, 62
Preface,  5
Press, .... 54, 56, 59, 61, 62

Privateers, Provision for the Inebriate,
Provision for the Insane,
Provisions, Trade in
Public Schools, .
Quartley, A.
Raine, Frederick,
Ready, Samuel,
Refined Lard,
Religious Toleration,
Resources of Baltimore,
Reuling, Dr. George,
Rice 
Rinehart, William H.
Rivets and Spikes,
Salt 
Sash Factories,
Scenery along the Northern Central
Railway, .... 296—299
Schwing, Mrs. S. . . . 73
Sheppard, Moses, . . 48 — 50
Shoe and Leather Trade, . . 161, 162
Shot. ... 105

26 50
. 48
106
36—38 73
. 6151
109 11
90—94 71
121
. 72,73 213
. 118
191, 192

Page.
Soap and Candles, . . . 123
Society in Baltimore, ... 35
Spices, . . . . 122
Stamp Act, . ... 18, 19
St. Mary's Town, . . .10
St. Paul's Church, . . . 14,66
Sugar,  114,116
Sugar Refineries, . . .23, 114, 116
Taney, Chief Justice Roger B. . 73, 74
Teas,  120
Tenement Houses, Absence of, . . 35
Timonium,  296
Tin,  200,201
Tobacco Trade, . 16,21,22,184,185,187
Towns and Villages, . . . 80,81
Towsontown,  81
Tunnels Under Baltimore, 283, 294, 302, 303
Union Rail Road, . . 31,93,283
United States Bank, ... 28
U. States Custom House and Court House, 67
University of Maryland, . . 28,75
Vickers, George R. ... 71
Walters, William T. . . . 71
War of 1812  26
Wars with the Indians, . . 14
War of the Revolution, . . . 20,21
Washington Monument, . 68, 70, 28
Water Company, . . . 26,84
Water Supply of the City, Present and
Prospective, . . . . 84, 85
Waverley,  88
Way, A.J. H  73
Wells and McComas Monument, . 71
Western Maryland Rail Road, . 31,284
Whiskey,  126
Wildey Monument, ... 70, 71
Window Glass and Glassware, 229, 230
Wirt, William, . 73
Woodberry, ... .81
Workshops at Mount Clare, 289, 290

INDEX TO ADVERTISEMENTS'.

Abbott Iron Company,
Adams, S. H. & J. F.
Alberton Cotton Mills,
Allan Steamship Company,
Ammidon & Co.
Appold, G.eorge, & Sons,
Armstrong, Cator & Co.
Armstrong, James, & Co.
Bag Factory, The Baltimore,
Bag Factory, The Maryland,
Baker Brothers & Co.
Baker, Richard J., & Co. .
Balderston, Ward & Co.
Baldwin, Wm. H. Jr., & Co.
Baltimore Female College,

Page. 206 192 178
274234 163 159
123 182182
232, 233 224
. 167180
277

Page.
Baltimore Steam Packet Company, 275
Banks —
The Central National, of Baltimore, 271
The Central Savings, of Baltimore, 259
The Eutaw Savings, of Baltimore, 262
The First National , of Baltimore, 261
The Franklin, . . .263
The Merchants' National of Baltimore, 272
The National, of Baltimore, . 271
The National Union, of Maryland, 264
The Savings, of Baltimore, . 260
The Western National, of Baltimore, 264
Barkley & Hasson, . . 117
Barrett & Higgins, . . 160
Bartlett, Robbins & Co. 215

312

Index.

Page.
Basshor, Thomas C, & Co. . . 210
Bates, James, . . . 211
Beatty, James, & Co. . . . 124
Bell and Brass Works, The Baltimore, 204
Bertram, Wm. A. 243
Bevan, Samuel, & Co. . 149
Blake, Charles W. . . .199
Blind, The Maryland Institution for the
Instruction of the, . . 131
Bogue, Henry, & Son, . . 153
Bond, J. W., & Co. ... 305
Book Depository, The Methodist Epis
copal, .... 171
Boston Steamship Company, . 275
Boyd, Wm. A., & Co. . . 186
Bridge Company, The Baltimore, . 217
Bridge and Iron Works, The Patapsco, 218
Bridges, William, . . . 140
Brooks, E. F., ... 204
Brooks, Rogers & Co. . 164
Brooks & Thrasher, . 143
Brosius&Co. . . .152
Brown, Alexander, & Sons, 267
Brown & Brune, . . .272
Brown, Lancaster & Co. . 267
Brown, Wm. H.,&Bro. . . 224
Bruff, Faulkner & Co. . . 145
Bryant, Stratton & Sadler, Business Col
lege of, . . 276,214,250,253
Burns, Russell & Co. . . 248
Burns & Sloan, ... 246
Buzby, David T., & Co. . . 110
Canfield, Bro. & Co. . . 198
Carlin & Fulton, . . .155
Oar Wheel Company, The Baltimore, 244
Cassard Brothers, . . 110
Cassard, George, & Co. . . 109
Cassard? G., & Son, . . 109
Chappell's Chemical Works, 239
Chemical Works, The Patapsco, 225
Chesapeake Dredging Company, . 245
Child, Samuel, & Co. . 234.
Chrome Works, The Baltimore, . 225
Clabaugh, Nelson & Oo. . 270
Clarke & Jones, . . . 141
Coates & Brother, . ¦ 218
Coleman & Taylor, . . .209
Cook, Samuel G. B. . . 157'
Corn & Flour Exchange, The Baltimore,135
Cotton Press and Warehouse,The Mon
umental, . . ' . . 131
Cushing & Medairy, . 169
Cushings & Bailey, . . .172
Davison, Wm., & Co. . 225
Dell, Knapp & Co. . . .275
Denmead & Son, . 209
Denny, James W. . . 272
Denson & Quincy, . 137
Devries, Wm., & Co. , . 144
Devries, Young & Co. . 164
Drakeley & Fenton, . . .108
Dresel, W., & Co. . . 186
Druid Mills, . . 179
Dufur & Co. . 212
Dugan, Cumberland & Co. . 210

Page.
Dulany, Wm. J. C, & Co. . 170
Dushane, John A. . . . 169
Dental Surgery, Baltimore College of, 97
Easter, Hamilton, & Sons, . . 146
Ehlers, J. D., & Co. •. . 121
Eye & Ear Institute, The Baltimore, . 98
Eye & Ear Institute, The Maryland, 98
Fertilizing and Manufacturing Com
pany, The Maryland, . . 236
Fisher, Wm., & Sons, . . 269
Fire Insurance Companies —
The Baltimore, . . .257
The Baltimore Equitable, . . 256
The Home, . . 258
The Howard, . . .256
The National, ... 306
The Peabody, . • 256
ThePhcenix, ... 258
Flack, Brothers, . . .128
Flack, Thomas J., & Sons, . 128
Flynn & Emrich, . . .210
Frame and Moulding Works, The Bal
timore, .... 243
Gambrill, C. A., & Co. . 132
Gambrill, Sons, & Co. . . 179
Garrett, Robert, & Sons, . . 269
Gary, James S., & Son, . . 178
Geddes, James W. . . 201
George & Jenkins, . . . 107
Gill, John, & Co. . . 130
Gillet, Martin, & Co. . . . 120
Gilmor, Wm. of Wm. . . 213
Glass, David W., & Co. . . 169
Glass Works, The Baltimore, . 232, 233
Glass Works, The Maryland Window, 230
Grafflin, John C. & Co. . . 182
Griffith, John A., & Co. . . 153
Gunther, L. W., 185
Guy's Monument House, . 251
Hambleton, John A., & Co. . . 266
Hambleton, Thomas E. . 253
Hammond, John D., & Co. . . 167
Harris, J. Morrison, . . 272
Haskell, John H., . . . 204
Hicks, George C, & Co. . . 247
Highland Park, . 279, 280
Hiss, Wm. J. . 196
Hodgpss Bros., . . . 150
Hoen, A., & Co. . 99, 100
Holmes, William, . .' 200
Holthaus, F. T., & Son, . 230
Hopkins & Janney, . 228
Hotel, The Carrollton, . 252
Horner, F. F, & Co. . . . 165
Horner, Joshua, Jr., 237, 238
Hurst, S. J. & John J. . . 165
Hurst, Purnell & Co. . 151
Hutchinson Bros., . . 212
Innes & Company, 280
Johnson, Sutton & Co. 151
Johnston, Bros., & Co. . 268
Keith & Kelso, . . 156
Kellinger & Co. . . 175
Kelly, Piet & Co. 175
Kensett & Co., . 104

Index.

313

Keyser, Brothers & Co.
Kimball, Shaffar & Co.
King, Wm., & Bro.
Klinefelter Brothers, .
Klipper, Webster & Co.

Page. 209
278 231 182 194

138, 139, 183, 213, 280
. 227

Knabe, Wm., & Co,
Knight, C. P.
Kremelberg, J. D. 187
Lamb & Kemp, . . 123
Larrabee, E., & Sons, . . 166
Laurel Manufacturing Company, . 180
Lawson, Robert, & Co. . . 167
Lazarus, E. M., & Co. . . 228
Life Insurance Company, The Mary
land, . . 254,182,168,188,241
Loney, F. B. . . . 270
Mackenzie Brothers, . 154
Magee, Wm. P. 154
Mahony, J. C, & Co. . 105
Mallinckrodt, W., & Son, 153
Mansion House, . . . 253
Mayer & Brother, . . 149
Mayer, Carroll & Co. . 220
Maxwell, Wm. G. . . 167
McDowell* Co. . . . 235
McKim&Co. . . .269
McShane, Henry, & Co. . . 203
Meredith, Gilmor, & Co. . . 220
Merker, A., & Krug, . 211
Merritt, Jones & Co. . . .221
Miller, Daniel, & Co. . 147
Miller, John M., & Co. . . .173
Miller's Safe and Iron Works. . 205
Monument Iron Works, . . 209
Moore, Robert & Bro. . 153
Myer, T. J., & Co. . . 104
Myers, Charles H., & Bro. . 125
Neal, Geo. H. C. . . 148
News Company, The Baltimore, 173
Nicholson & Co. . . .267
Nicholson, J. J., & Sons, . 270
Noble & Wilson, . . 242
Norris & Baldwin, . . 177
Numsen Wm., & Sons, . . 103
North German Lloyd Steamship Line, 274
Oil Works, The Canton, . . 221
Paine, Allen, Son, & Co. . . 154
Paint and Color Works, The Maryland, 224
Parlett, B. F., & Co. . . .186
Parr, Israel M., & Son, . 133
Passano, L., & Sons, . . 152
Patapsco Flouring Mills, . . 132
Pearl Hominy Co., The Baltimore, 138
Pembroke School for Boys and Young
Men, .... 175, 277
Penniman & Bro , 155
Perkins & Co., . 148
Perry, Clark & Co., . . 165
Pitcher & Wilson, . . 249
Pitt, Charles F., & Sons, . 225
Poole & Hunt, . . 207, 304
Poplein, N., Jr., & G. . . 224
Porter, 11. B., & Son, . . .155
Poultney, Trimble & Co , 155
Pracht, Charles, & Co. . 140

Pratt, E.,& Bro.
Read, Wm. H.,
Reeder, O, & Co
Reese, Charles, & Son,
Reese, G. H., & Bros.
Reese, John S., & Co.
Regester. Joshua, & Sons,
Reip & Son.

Page. 213
. 224210
. 118117
, 240 204
. 202

Retort and Fire Brick Works, Baltimore, 247
Reynolds, Isaac, & Sons, . 241
Rhodes, B. M., & Co. . . 236
Russell & Alger, . . 165
Ryan & Ricketts, . . .202
Sadtler, George T., & Sons, 121
Safe Deposit Company, . . 265
Sanders, George, & Sons, . 121
Sanders, H , & Co. . . .197
Savage, Manufacturing Companv, 180
Schumacher, A., & Co. " 115,274
Seim, Emory & Swindell, . . 230
Shipe, Cloud & Co. . . 145
Shot Tower Company, The Merchants, 106
Simon, Charles, & Sons, . . 148
Sisson, Hugh, ... 242
Slingluff & Slingluff, . . 272
Smith & Curlett, . . 123
Smith, Edward A. . . 223
Smith, John M., & Thomas, . 227
Smith, Professor Nathan R. . . 75,76
Snowden & Cowman, . . 211
Southern Home School, . . 278
Stansbury, James E. . . 104
Starr, B.F., & Co. . . 242
Steam Boiler Works, The Baltimore, 209
Stevens, Charles P. . . .195
Stevens. George O., & Co. . 192
Stewart, C. Morton, & Co. . 228
Stewart* Co. . . 120
Stickney Iron Company, . . 208
Stork & Wright, ... 174
Sugar Refinery, The Baltimore, . 112
Sugar Refinery, The Calvert, . 113
Sugar Refinery, The Maryland, . 115
Symington Bros. & Co. . . 225
Taylor, R. Q. . . . 158
Taylor & Price, . . .149
Thomas, David E., & Co. . . 190
Thomas, George P., & Co. . 126
Thomas, Joseph, & Son, . k 193
Thomsen, Laurence,* Co. . 125
Thomsen, Lilly & Co. . . 223
Troxell, Handy & Greer, . 208
Tucker, Smith & Co., . - 162
Turnbull Brothers, . . .171
Turner, Robert, & Son, . . 240
Tyler, George G., . 189
University, The Maryland, . 95
The Washington . 96
Vickers, George R. . . 255
Waite, Samuel R. . . . 212
Walker, Noah, & Co. . 273
Walters, W. T., & Co. . 127
Warehouse Company, The Baltimore, 131
Warren Cotton Mills, . . 177
Weaver, Jacob, . . . 243

314

Errata.

Page.
Webb, A. L., &Son, . . 137
Webb, George F. . 136
Webb, George W. . . 199
Weber, Wm. F. . 96
Weedon, Armistead, & Co., . . 124
Wheelwright. Mudge & Co., . 169
White Lead Company, The Maryland, 226
Whitelock, Wm., & Co. . 240

Whitman, E., & Sons, .
Wilkens, William, & Co.
Wilson, Burns & Co
Wilson, Colston & Co.
Wilson, John W., & Son,
Wood, Wm. E , & Co.
Woods, Weeks & Co.
Woodyear, Wm. E., & Co.

Page. 191184119
267 192
212 112137

ERRATA.

On page 39, line 29, read "passes" for '
On page 73, line 20, substitute "of" between "earnest" and " what."
On page 76, in tbe note at the bottom, read "University" instead of " UnviersUy."
On page 123, iu the Article on Soap and Candles, at the 5th line, read "the Cape of Good Hope"
instead of " Cape of Good Hope."
On page 133, in tbe Flonr Article, at linfe 6, read "are" instead of "is."
On page 142, leave out " colon," at 12th line.
On page 183, at line 18, read "existence" instead of " existance."
Top of page 207, read " Established 1851 " instead of " Established 1871."
On page 248, read "200,000,000 Bricks" instead of "100,000,000 Bricks." This includes the manu
facture of Bricks at Canton.

NOTE.

The Firms of Woodwabd, Baldwin & Co. and Noeeis & Baldwin have dissolved since this work
went to press, and a Co-Partnership has been formed under the name of
WOODWARD, BALDWIN & NORRIS,
Nos. 9 and 11 Hanover Street,
Dry Goods and Commission Merchants,
And Selling Agents for the Savage Manufacttjeinq Company and Waeeen Cotton Mills.
Seo Pages 177 and 180.

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