YALE UNIVERSITY
LIBRARY

MANUAL

fllonomental % v u & & t &.

=1

V la S3 S3 gi E3 B Ol B D eTZX

JOHN TBELLICK. BISHOP, 1360,
Hereford Cathedral.

MANUAL FOR THE STUDY

onuntetttal Brasses,

DESCEIPTIVE CATALOGUE
OF
FOUR HUNDRED AND FIFTY " RUBBINGS"
US THE POSSESSION OF THE
OXFOEB AECHITECTURAL SOCIETY,
TOPOGRAPHICAL AND HERALDIC INDICES, &c.

.... EXPBESSI VULTUS PEE AHENEA BIGNA,
. . . MORES AHIMIQUE VIRORUM
CLABOBUM APPABEHT. — HoBAT. EpiST. ii. 1.

OXFORD,
PUBLISHED FOH THE ARCHITECTURAL SOCIETY ;
AND SOLS BY
JOHN HENRY PARKER,
BROAD STREET, OXFORD ; AND 377, STRAljD, .LONDON.
M UCCC XLVIII.

" Also in this commencement of my trauailes, I haue obserued certain
funeral monuments with the armes (if any thereon rest vndefaced) which
if it may be fauorably conceiued, I shall with more diligence obserae the
like hereafter, whereby may be preserued in perpetuall memory, that
which time may deface, and swallow vp in obliuion. Also by this obser-
uation, many may be certified of the places where their auncestors and
allies are interred, and by the coates finde out their vnknowne kinred."
— J. Noeden, Pkef. to Desckipt. of Middx., 1593.

PREFACE.

The following Manual originated in the short descriptions
which were annually published of the rubbings of brasses pre
sented to the Oxford Architectural Society. These lists were
discontinued about three years ago, when it was decided that
accurate catalogues of the different collections of the Society
should be printed ; and that the list of the rubbings of brasses,
on account of their numbers and importance, should form a
separate work.
It would appear at first sight a very easy task to compile such
a list; but several circumstances, some of which have reference
to the monuments themselves, and others to the mode in which
they had been copied, rendered it far otherwise. By a careful
comparison, however, of this with other collections, and in
many cases by an examination of the original brasses, most of
the obstacles have been overcome : and it is hoped that the
Catalogue will be found to contain as few inaccuracies, as could
be expected in a first attempt of the kind.
The principal objects kept in view in its compilation have
been, first, to give a brief but exact description of the design of
each brass, marking distinctly the costume and its changes : and
secondly, to furnish copies of all the inscriptions as they now
exist, and to supply as far as possible the parts which are lost
or mutilated. It is obvious that so large a number of inscriptions
must form a collection of records most valuable in various points
of view : no pains therefore have been spared to regain the lost
portion's from every available source. With this object, besides

PREFACE.

the works written professedly on sepulchral monuments,
as those of Weever, Gough, &c. ; various MSS. collections
and early rubbings, the several histories of counties, and other
topographical and antiquarian books, and in short any works
that offered the least prospect of repaying the scrutiny, have
been diligently searched. The restorations derived from these
sources, are in all cases plainly distinguished from the existing
legend : and as the usefulness of this part of the Catalogue
depends on its accuracy, great care has been taken that the
inscriptions should be printed with literal correctness. By the
aid of some of these early documents, the names of the persons
have been ascertained, to whom several brasses belong, whose
inscriptions are entirely lost ; as will be seen by instances not
only in the Catalogue, but also in the Introduction and Indices.
Notices of the persons commemorated, and references to sources
of information respecting them, have been added in some few
cases. It was not considered necessary to state the works in
which the brasses have been engraved, as this has been already
done by Mr. Manning in his List of Monumental Brasses, 8vo.
1846 : a work to which the present manual is much indebted,
and in which, it may be useful to mention, there is a topographical
list of brasses more full than that at the end of this volume.
But the bare Catalogue would have been of little use to most
persons, without an explanation of the technical terms which are
unavoidably employed in the descriptions of the brasses, and a
connected view of all the subjects represented on them. The
Introduction is intended to supply this deficiency : in which the
history of brasses is traced from their origin to the present time ;
the costume of the various classes of persons pourtraved on them,
with the charges through which it passed in each succeeding
period, are described, and the variations of ornamental detail and
execution are pointed out. This part of tlie volume is illustrated
by woodcuts of drawings made expressly for it by Mr. P. H.
Delamotte ; which have been selected chiefly with reference not

PREFACE.
so much to the size or beauty of the brasses, as to their fitness
for examples of costume, and to the probability of their spo
liation. They are engraved by Mr. Heaviside; and with the
exception of four, the subjects have never before appeared in print.
Besides these, several other wood engravings have been used,
for the loan of which the best acknowledgments of the Society
are due to the Committee of the Archseological Institute, and to
Mr. J. H. Parker. One of those lent by the latter gentleman,
from a brass in Christ Church Cathedral, Oxford, is also new.
In the description of the costume, the intention has been to
give a view at once full and concise of such particulars as have
especial reference to the memorials in question ; and to confirm
this view from original authorities. In almost all cases the works
made use of are referred to in the notes : but it is right to
acknowledge in particular the obligations on the subject of eccle
siastical vestments to the very useful dissertation of Krazer, (de
Liturgiis, 8vo. 1786) ; also to Lipscomb's Hist, of Bucking
hamshire, and to the highly illustrated works of Cotman, Wal
ler, and the Cambridge Camden Society, for the description of
several brasses which they respectively contain. A short time
before these sheets were sent to the press, the Rev. C. Bou-
tell's " Monumental Brasses and Slabs" appeared : to it the
present work is indebted for information respecting the brasses
at Trotton, Felbrigg, (No. 145,) and Trunch, and also as being
the medium of communication of some interesting particulars
derived from Messrs. Waller, relative to the brass at Minster,
(No. 129.)
It must not however be understood that the Introduction is
confined to the illustration of the present collection only : on the
contrary, it comprehends a general review of the brasses which
have survived destruction, and a reference under each head to the
purest and most instructive examples wherever found : so as to
form, it is hoped, a tolerably complete manual on the subject,
applicable to the study of all the monuments of this class, their

PREFACE.

chronological distinctions, and the appreciation of their style and
beauties ; applicable therefore to all the additions which may be
made hereafter to the collection of the Society. An Appendix
only would be needed, with a further list of such accessions.
The Indices also, which it has been an object of care to make
as full and accurate as possible, will make it easy to refer to
and compare the brasses of any particular class or period.
In conclusion the Editor desires to record his obligations to
H. N. Evans, Esq., for much valuable assistance rendered
throughout the work ; he is further indebted to C. R. Manning,
Esq., A.W. Pranks, Esq., iEneas B. Hutchinson, Esq., E. J.Carlos,
Esq. ; also to the Rev. G. S. Master, and S. P. Rooke, Esq., for
their co-operation in the compilation of a large portion of the
Catalogue : and his best thanks for affording him facilities of
obtaining information are due to J. B. Nichols, Esq., the Rev.
W. C. Lukis, H. N. Ellacombe, Esq., T. Nevinson, Esq., and
other friends.
H. H.
December 15th7 1847.

LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS.

Adams, G. E., Esq., Exeter Coll.
Ainger, Rev. T., Incumbent of Hamp-
stead.
Baker, Rev. A., Aylesbury.
Barlow, Rev. G., Ashreigney, Chulm-
leigh, Devon.
Baron, Rev. John, Waterpery.
Barton, W., Esq., Southwark.
Bastard, E. R., Esq., Balliol Coll.
Bates, J. C, Esq., Queen's Coll.
Batty, Rev. R. E., Curate of Drayton
Beauchamp.
Bayly, Rev. F. H., Brookthorp, Glou
cester.
Berger, Lewis, Esq.
Bicknell, C. B., Esq., Exeter Coll.
Blaauw, W. H., Esq., Bucklands, New-
ick, Sussex.
Blandy, C, Esq., Reading.
Bliss, Rev. Dr.
Bliss, Rev. W., Bath.
Bliss, Rev. Thomas, Chipping Norton.
Bliss, W., Esq., Chipping Norton.
Bloxam, Rev. Dr., Magdalen Coll.
Boutell, Rev. C, Trinity Coll., 2 copies.
Bowden, J. E., Esq., Trinity Coll.
Bowdler, Rev. Thomas.
Bowles, S. J., Esq., Magdalen Coll.
Boyle, Hon. G. F., Ch. Cb.
Brasennose College, The Rev. the Prin
cipal of.
Bristol Architectural Society.
Bromet, W., Esq., M.D., Knightsbridge.
Brookes, Rev. J. H., Brasenose Coll.
Brymer, the Ven. Archdeacon.
Buckle, Rev. G., Oriel Coll.

Bullock, Rev. W. T., St. Anne's, Soho.
Burgon, J. W., Esq., Oriel Coll.
Burney, the Ven. Archdeacon.
Burton, Wm., Esq., 7, Old Jewry,
London.
Butler, Rev. T., Magdalen Coll.

Cambridge Architectural Society.
Carlos, E. J., Esq., York Place, Wal-
brook.
Carre, C. M., Esq., Magd. Hall.
Carrick, J. L., Esq., Queen's Coll.
Chaffers, Rev. T., B.N.C.
Chamberlain, Rev. T., Ch. Ch.
Chester, Harry, Esq., Privy Council
Office.
Clark, Rev. S., St. Mark's, Chelsea.
Clarke, J., Esq., Lincoln's Inn Fields.
Clerke, the Ven. Archdeacon.
Coleridge, H. J., Esq., Oriel Coll.
Cook, Rev. C. F., Maunden, near
Bishop's Stortford.
Cooke, Rev. S., Ch. Ch., Cubbington,
Leamington.
Cooper, Rev. John, Dorchester.
Copner, J., Esq., Exeter Coll.
Cornish, Rev. H. K., Bakewell.
Cornthwaite, Rev. Tullie, Walthamstow.
Court, J. C. L., Esq., Exeter Coll.
Cowburn, G., Esq., 15, Lincoln's Inn
Fields.
Crawley, C, Esq., Littlemore,
Crawley, E. C, Esq., Exeter Coll., 2
copies.
Cox, G. W„ Esq., Trinity Coll.
Croome, J., Esq., B.N.C.

LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS.

Dand, Rev. T., Bletchington.
Digby, Rev. Canon, Worcester.
Donoghue, Rev. F. J. O., Over Peover.
Downe, Viscount, Bookham Grove,
Leatherhead.
Eaton, J. K., Esq.
Ellacombe, H. N., Esq., Bitton.
Ellison, Rev. H., University Coll.
Elwes, Dudley, C. C, Esq., Hastings.
Evans, H. N., Esq., Hampstead, 2
copies.
Evans, Rev. Lewis, Highgate.
Evans, Rev. T. S. , Vicar of St. Leonard's,
Shoreditch.
Evetts, Rev. T., C.C.C.
Exeter College, The Rev. the Rector of.
Faulkner, C, Esq., Deddington.
Featherstonhaugh, Rev. W., Ovingham,
Northumberland.
Feetham, W., Esq., St. John's Coll.
Fennell, T., Esq., 13, Devereux Court,
Temple Bar.
Forster, Rev. Thomas, New Coll.
Foulkes, Rev. E. S., Jesus Coll.
Fox, C, Esq., New Coll.
Franks, A. W., Esq., Trinity Coll.,
Cambridge.
Freeman, E. A., Esq., Trinity Coll., 3
copies.
Fytche, J. L., Esq., Thorpe Hall, near
Louth.
Gaunt, Rev. C, Isfield, Sussex.
Gibbs, H. H., Esq., Clifton Hampden.
Gibson, W. S., Esq.
Glynne, Sir S. R., Bart, M.P.
Godden, W. W„ Esq., Worcester Coll.
Godfrey, F., Esq., Beau Sejour, Jersey.
Gordon, G. E. R., Esq., Stockholm.
Greenhall, Rev. Richard, Stretton, War
rington.
Gregory, R, W., Esq., Wadham Coll.
Gresley, Rev. J. M. > Over Scale.
Gresley, B,ev. W., Lichfield.
Griffith, Rev. J., Wadham Coll.
Guillemard, Rev. H. P., Trinity Coll.
Gunner, Rev. W. H., Winchester.

Haines, H., Esq., Exeter Coll.
Hake, Rev. Robert, New Coll.
Heathcote, Rev. W. B., New Coll.
Heaton, Rev. C. W., Jesus Coll.
Helmore, F., Esq.
Hepburn, R. F., Esq., Ch. Ch.
Hill, Rev. G., Torquay.
Hinde, W. H. F., Esq., Univ. Coll.
Hodges, Rev. Dr., Lyme Regis.
Hope, A. J. B., Esq., M.P.
Hutchings, Rev. R. S., Lyme Regis.
Hutchinson, iEneas B., Esq.
James, Rev. Canon, Winchester.
James, Rev. E., Alton, Hants.
James, W. H., Esq., Balliol Coll.
Jenkins, Rev. W. J., Ramsgate.
Johnston, Rev. W., Coffin's Well, New
ton Abbots.
Jones, W. B., Esq., Queen's Coll., 2
copies.

Kelke, Rev. W. H., Drayton Beau-
champ.
King, Rev. Richard, Shoreditch.
Knowles, E. H., Esq., St. Bee's.
Kyrle, Rev. J. S. M., F.S.A.

Ladd, Mr., Bookseller, Ramsgate, 2
copies.
Laurie, A. J., Esq., Westwood House,
Sydenham.
Lechmere, E. A. H., Esq., Ch. Ch.
Lee, T. F., Esq., Queen's Coll., Cam
bridge.
Lenny, Rev. C, Ramsgate.
Lincolnshire Architectural Society.
Lingard, R. R., Esq., B.N.C.
Lowe, Rev. E. C, Ottery SL Mary.
Lukin, J., Esq., B.N.C.

Maclean, Rev. H. Caister, Lincoln.
Manning, C. R , Esq., C.C.C, Cam
bridge.
Margetts, Mr. T. K., St. John Street.
Markland, J. H., Esq., Bath.
Marriott, Rev. C, Oriel Coll.

LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS.

Marshall, J., Esq., Exeter Coll.
Master, Rev. G. S., Ellesmere, Salop.
Millard, Rev. J. E., Magd. Coll.
Milman, W. H., Esq., Ch. Ch.
Moor, Rev. J. F., Oriel Coll.
Mount, E., Esq., New Coll,
Nelson, Rev. M., Bodicott
Neville, Hon. — ., Audley End, 2 copies.
Neville, W., Esq., Trinity Coll.
Nevinson, T., Esq., Hampstead.
Nicholson, J., Esq.
Northampton, the Marquis of.

Oldham, Rev. R. S., Wadham Coll.
Ormerod, G., Esq., Sedbury Park, Chep
stow.
Owen, E. R., Esq., St. Martin's, Oxford.
Paget, E. H., Esq., Handborough.
Parker, Mr., Bookseller, Wolverhamp
ton.
Patterson, Rev. J. L., Trinity Coll.
Paul, C. K., Esq., Exeter Coll.
Pearson, Rev. C. B., Knebworth.
Penson, R. K., Esq., Qswestry.
Phillipps, Sir Thomas, Bart., Middle
Hill.
Phillipps, R. B., Esq., Longworth, Led
bury.
Phillipps, G. H., Esq., Mobberly,
Cheshire.
Pierpoint, M. A., Esq., St. John's Coll.
Plater, H., Esq., Merton Coll.
Poole, Rev. G. A., Welford.
Portal, G. R., Esq., Ch. Ch.
Price, Rev. B., Pembroke Coll.
Proctor, Rev. Dr. G., Hadley, Middle
sex.
Purrier, H., Esq., Magd. Hall.
Rawstorne, R. A., Esq., B.N.C.
Reay, Rev. S., Professor.
Rich, John, Esq., Ch. Ch.
Risley, Rev. W. C, Deddington.
Robins, C. M., Esq., Oriel Coll.
Robinson, M. W., Esq., 69, Fleet Street,
London, 2 copies.

Rodwell, Rev. R. M,, Romford, Essex.
Roe, W. H., Esq., Pembroke Coll.
Rooke, Seton P., Esq., Oriel Coll.
Roper, W. J. D., Esq., Lincoln Coll.
Rouse, W. G., Esq., Ch. Ch.
Rumsey, A., Esq., Exeter Coll.
Rumsey, L, H., Esq., B.N.C.
Salt, W., Esq., 20, Lombard Street.
Sewell, Rev. W., Exeter Coll.
Shipton, Rev. Dr., Vicar of Othery,
Somerset.
Skrine, Rev. Harcourt, Sunbury.
Slatter, Rev. John, Rose Hill.
Smith, Rev. J. F., Babbicombe, Tor
quay.
Smith, J. G., Esq., Trinity Coll.
Smyth, Pigott G. O., Esq., Exeter Coll.
Spencer, C, Esq., Devonport.
Spilsbury, F. M., Esq., Trinity Coll.
Stone, Miss, St. Clement's, Oxford.
Thornton, R., Esq., St. John's Coll.
Thomas, Goring, Esq., Llysnewydd,
Caermarthen.
Trinity College, the Rev. the President
of.
Tudor, Thomas, Esq., Wyesham, Mon
mouthshire.
Tupper, W. G., Esq., Trinity Coll.
Turner, Mrs., St. Clement's, Oxford.
Turner, Dawson, Esq., Great Yarmouth.
Tyssen, J. R. D., Esq., Hackney.
University College, the Rev. the Master
of, 2 copies.
Ward, Rev. H., Exeter Coll.
Way, Albert, Esq., Wonham, Reigate.
Wayte, Rev. S. W., Trinity Coll.,
2 copies.
Weare, Rev. T. W., Ch. Ch., West
minster.
Whateley, A. P., Esq., Ch. Ch.
White, Rev. H. M., New Coll.
White, Rev. R. M., D.D., Magd. Coll.,
Slymbridge, 3 copies.
Wickham, Rev. R., Twyford, Win
chester.

LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS.

Williams, George, Esq., Hampstead. Wright, Henry, Esq , Cheltenham, 2
Willis, Rev. Professor, Cambridge. copies.
Wilson, James H., Esq., Wadham Coll. Wright, Rev. Harry, Gloucester.
Wilson, R , Esq., Magd. Hall. Wyatt, Rev. C. F., Broughton, Oxon.
Wingfield, H. L., Esq., New Coll. Wynne, Rev. J. H., All Souls.

CONTENTS.

INTRODUCTION.
Page
Prefatory Remarks . . i
Ecclesiastical Costume . . xxiii
Emblems and Devices . . xiv
Brasses of the Fourteenth Century lviii
 Fifteenth Century lxxvii
 Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries xcviii
Concluding Observations cviii

DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE.
PART I.
Brasses of Bishops and Abbots . . 1
 Priests in the Chasuble, &c. . 10
 in the Cope, &c. . 21
 in Academical Dresses, &c. 30
 Post-Reformation Ecclesiastics 40

: PART II.
Knights and Ladies 43
PART III.
Civilians and Ladies 98

CONTENTS. PART IV. Pe-ge 167
Miscellaneous Brasses . • • ^g2
Appendices • jgg
Addenda et Corrigenda . 192
Indices . • • •

LIST OP ILLUSTRATIONS.

Page
1360. John Trellick, Bishop, Hereford Cathedral (Frontispiece)
1527. Walter Curson Esq., and wife, Waterpery,, Oxon, (No. 210) . xvi
1551. Anne Duke, Frenze, Norfolk ..... xviii
1577. Anne Rede, St. Margaret's, Norwich . . . . ib.
1498* Henry Denton, Priest, Higham Ferrers, (No. 43) . . xxiii
c. 1370. A Priest, Crondall, Hants ..... xxvi
Shield with the arms of the See of Canterbury imp. Chichetey . xxx
e. 1510. Richard BewfForeste, Abbot, Dorchester, Oxon, (No. 74) . xxxii
141 6.. Robert London, Priest, Chartham, Kent . . . ib.
1557. — Coothorp, Priest, Christ Church Cathedral, Oxford . . xxxiv
1442. Dr. Richard Billingford, St. Benet's, Cambridge . . xxxvi
c. 1480. A Priest, Magdalen College Chapel, Oxford, (No. 103) . xxxvii
c. 1480. A Priest, (upper part of figure,) ditto, ditto, (No. 101) .xxxviii
1415. Sir Hugh de Holes, Justice, Watford, Herts . . . xxxijt
Symbol of the Holy Trinity ..... xlvi
1498. Brass of William Complyn and wife, Week, Hants, (No. 446) . xlviii
Fylfot ....... 1
1330. Shield, Stanton Harcourt, Oxon . . . . Iv
1349. Monumental Slab of Abbot Sutton, Dorchester, Oxon . . lvi
1484. Merchants' Mark of John Pergett, Chipping- Norton, Oxon . lviii
1525.  Thomas Pownder, St. Mary's Quay, Ips
wich, (No. 335) . . . . ib.
c. 1320. Cross-brass of a Priest, Chinnor, Oxon . . . Ix
u. 1340. A Priest, demi-figure, Great Brington, Northants, (No. 16) . lxiii
1289. Sir Roger de Trumpington, Trumpington, Camb., (No. 126) . lxv
1277. Sir John D'Aubernoun, Stoke D'Abernon, Surrey, (No. 125) . lxvi
c. 1325. Sir John de Creke, Westley Waterless, Cambridgeshire . lxviii
c. 1360. William de Aldeburgh, Aldborough, Yorks. . . . Ixx
1382. Sir Nicholas Burnell, Acton Burnell, Shropshire . . ib.
1368. Leg of Sir Thomas Cheyne, Drayton Beauchamp, Bucks,
(No. 181) ....... lxxi
e. 1350. Nicholas de Aumberdene, Taplow, Bucks, (No. 240) . . Ixxii
c. 1380. A Civilian, King's Sombourne, Hants .... lxxiii
c. 1325. John de Bladigdone and wife, East Wickham, Kent . . lxxiv
c. 1400. Ellen Cerne, (part of figure,) Draycot Cerne, Wilts . Ixxv
1375. Nebule head-dress, Elizth. de Ferrers.'Ashford, Kent, (No. 245) ib.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

. 1370. Isabel Beaufo, Waterpery, Oxon, (No. 243)
1400. Brass of Thomas Chichele and wife, Higham Ferrers, North
ants, (No. 433) .
1414? Brass of Roger Cheyne Esq., Cassington, Oxon
1410. Sir John Wylcotes, Great Tew, Oxon, (No. 152)
. 1420. — Parys Esq., Hildersham, Cambridgeshire
. 1455. Rich, de Wygtham, Wytham, Berks
. 1460. John Dengayn Esq., Quy, Cambridgeshire
1479. Thomas Playters Esq., Sotherley, Suffolk, (No. 179)
1510. John Lementhorp, Great St. Helen's, London, (No. 201)
1451. John Yonge, Woolman, Chipping Norton, Oxon
1506. Gypciere from the brass of Thomas Baldry, St. Mary Tower,
Ipswich, (No. 310) ....
1506. Robert Wymbyll, Notary, from the same Church, (No. 310)
1404- Maria Stoughton ? (part of figure,) Sawtrey, Hunts
1401.. Elizabeth  , Goring, Oxon, (No. 252)
1414. Head, Fhilippa Byschoppesdon, Broughton, Oxon
1424. Elizabeth Poyle, Hampton Poyle, Oxon
1479. Anna Playters, Sotherley, Suffolk, (No. 179) .
1518. Anne Broke, (part of figure,) Ewelme, Oxon
1590. A Knight, Margate, Kent
1567. Thomas Noke Esq., Shottesbrooke, Berks, (No. 358)
1577. Katherine Staverton, (part of figure,) Cumner, Berks, (No. 363)
1433. Heart and scrolls, the brass of Thomas Smyth, Margate, Kent

Page
. lxxvi
. lxxix ib.
. lxxxiv
. lxxxv
. lxxxvi
Ixxxviii lxxxix

xcn ib.
xciii xciv xcv
xcvi ib.
xcvii cv
ib.
cvii
cxiv

AN
INTRODUCTION
TO THE STUDY OP
iftoitumental 35 r a 0 0 t 0.

The Monumental Effigies of England may be divided into three
classes : first, Sculptured Effigies, i. e. figures either complete or in
low relief, made generally of stone, but sometimes of wood or metal ;
secondly, representations engraved or incised, usually on flat plates
of brass inlaid in stone slabs, or more rarely cut on the stone slabs
themselves ; thirdly, figures painted on glass, or on wooden tablets.
These three classes, although they differ so much in the material
used, and in the mode in which this material is made expressive,
will be found very similar in general design. The incised memo
rials forming the second class may indeed be considered merely
imitations of the sculptured effigies on a fiat surface, and the pro
gressive history of the art shews that such was their origin".
Of these, Sculptured Effigies hold the first rank, by reason of their
higher antiquity, their greater size, and the labour, skill, and taste
required for their execution. On account of their costliness they
were chiefly confined to persons of rank and wealth : thus figures of
Priests below the dignity of Abbots, and of civilians, are rare ; espe
cially after the date of the introduction of brasses. To the antiqua
rian, however, and the ecclesiologist, Monumental Brasses, which it
is the object of the present Essay to illustrate, possess advantages
which render them in some respects even more interesting than effi
gies in sculpture : for although they cannot take the same high rank
as works of art, and are destitute of the expressiveness of colour b,
and also, from their nature, represent but one side of the figure c ;
yet, admitting as they do of every gradation of size and expense,
they have been used as the memorials of all ranks in society, and we
find accordingly that they present a corresponding variety of cos
tume. Some of them indeed, from their elegance of design and
a Some monuments unite in them- and inscription incised in the stone.
selves two or more of these classes, as ^ Sculptured effigies were almost al-
at Tideswell, Derbyshire, where there ways coloured, although few of them
is a recumbent emaciated figure of stone, now retain any traces of it.
and on a slab above, a representation of c The figures on brasses are very
the Holy Trinity, with a marginal in- commonly turned sideways, and thus
scription in brass to Sampson Meverell, display nearly the whole costume :
1462. At Blockley, Worcestershire, is many such instances will be pointed
a Priest in brass, 1488, and a chalice out hereafter.

ii USEFULNESS OF MONUMENTAL BRASSES.
beauty of execution, might even be considered to rival effigies m
relief, especially if these qualities could still be seen heightened by
the addition of their original gilding and enamel3. The costly and
elaborately carved altar-tombs on which those of the wealthy were
mounted, and the rich canopies of stone so often reared over them,
shew the high estimation in which they were held. The fine tomb
of Lady Percy, in Beverley Minster, now despoiled of its brass, is a
good instance of the truth of the above remarks.
There is one quality indeed, of the highest value to a sepulchral
memorial, which brasses possess in a degree beyond all others. Their
durability is so great, that under every disadvantage of situation
some of them have for nearly six centuries preserved their original
accuracy of outline and shading ; still does their " witness live in
brass e," a faithful record of those whom they commemorate. It
will frequently be found in our country Churches that the brasses are
the oldest memorials that have survived.
But it is the frequent preservation of the inscriptions on brasses,
fixing the date of their execution, which renders them so peculiarly
valuable to the student of archaeology. " The chief advantage which
is to be derived from an assemblage of examples, such as the nume
rous sepulchral monuments which exist in England present, arises
from the evidences which they supply towards forming a key to the
chronology of art ; evidences which, taken in combination, will al
most invariably suffice to fix with precision the date of any works of
painting or sculpture, or of the productions of the enameller, the
limner, and the worker in metals f, as well as the country where they
were executed. Without such an aid, the investigations of the nu
merous and ingenious artistic processes which were in use during the
middle ages would be deprived of their real interests." And this ob
servation may be extended to other sister arts; for "it were need
less to commend the value of these memorials to the genealogist, as
authentic contemporary evidences'1; to the herald also, as examples
of ancient usage in bearing arms, and of the peculiarities of heraldic
design, which supply to the practised eye sure indications of date ; or
as authorities for the appropriation of badges and personal devices."
a On the brass of Lord Berkeley, Journal, vol. i. p. 19S.
(No. 140,) the end of his belt, and the " At Wendover, Bucks, the brass of
fillet around the forehead of his lady, William Bradshawe and wife, 1537,
appear from the cavities left on their has the effigies of nine children, and
surface, to have heen ornamented with under them genealoo-ical tables of their
jewels, either real or imitative. respective issue.
' Shaksp., Hen. V., act iv. sc. 3. On a brass affixed to the north wall
f Much information on the form of of tlie Chancel of Finchley Church
the chalice has of late been derived from Middx., is an extract from the will of
the study of various brasses. Thomas Sanny, 1509.
* Albert Way, Esq., Archaeological

USEFULNESS OF MONUMENTAL BRASSES. Ill
"As specimens of palaeography, moreover, the inscriptions deserve
attention, and supply authorities which fix the distinctive form of
letter used at certain periods, conformable for the most part to that
which is found in the legends on painted glass, on seals1," and on
manuscripts. An accomplished critic of the last century remarks, " that the
seals of our English monarchs from the reign of Henry III., display
the taste of architecture which respectively prevailed under several
subsequent reigns; and consequently convey as at one comprehensive
view the series of its successive revolutions ; insomuch that if no real
models remained, they would be sufficient to shew the modes and
alterations of the buildings in England. In these each king" is repre
sented sitting enshrined under a sumptuous pile of architecture,
&c.k" If this be true of seals, how much more applicable is it to
brasses, whose greater number and larger size admit of their exhibit
ing on the beautiful canopies, with the most minute accuracy, the gra
dations of architectural style. And if besides this it be remembered,
that brasses very often record the names and deaths of the founders,
and even the date of erection, of Churches or their parts1, it must be
granted that no remaining monuments of former days can in this
point of view exceed them in interest and usefulness. It may suffice
here to allude merely to two advantages of different kinds possessed
also by brasses ; first, that they occupy no space in our Churches ;
and secondly, the ease with which transcripts of perfect accuracy
may be taken by those who are entirely unskilled in drawing. In
short, a careful survey of a series of the monumental brasses of this
country, would enable one to follow the gradual changes of manners
and habits, to track the prominent feelings, and even to detect the
religious emotions peculiar to each age : for not only the figure, its
attitude, and costume, but the inscription, and the subordinate parts
of the design, all conspire to furnish a lively picture of the individual
and his times.
In the following sketch it is proposed, to endeavour to trace the
origin of brasses, by an enquiry into the monuments that preceded
them; to furnish an account of the material of which they were
made, and the introduction of it and of its manufacture into Eng
land; to give some details of their execution, of the peculiarities
which distinguish those of England and the '.continent, and of their
distribution over different parts of Europe, and this country in par
ticular ; to describe some criteria of their dates, and some practices
1 Archaeological Journal, vol. i. p. vol. ii. p. 220.
j 97. ' For a list of a few of these, see
k Warton's Obs. on Spenser, 1807, Appendix C below.

iv ORIGIN OF BRASSES. INCISED SLABS.
in the mode of placing them in Churches ; to furnish some notice
of their cost ; to give a general description of the designs on them,
comprising the figure, the ecclesiastical and judicial vestments, and
the accessorial devices; and lastly, a history of the successive
changes in execution, ornament, and costume.
The question of the origin of brasses as sepulchral memorials, and
the time when they were first used for such purposes, is, as might
be expected, involved in much obscurity. The only materials for
such an enquiry are a few scattered notices, from which, at the pre
sent day, it is perhaps impossible to arrive at any positive informa
tion : but it may throw some light on the subject, to trace, in few
words, the progress of two forms of memorial which were in use
before we find any record of brasses, and which in several respects
were nearly allied to them. These two are, Incised slabs of stone,
and " Limoges enamels."
The earliest examples of Incised stones which have been noticed,
may probably be referred to a period not later than the eighth cen
tury : they consist of crosses and Runic characters cut on small
tablets. In the Archaeologia111 are described and represented some
which have recently been discovered at Hartlepool. Several crosses
with inscriptions of the ninth and tenth centuries, are engraved in
Petrie's Eccles. Architecture of Ireland" ; one of these is of the date
890, or 891, and commemorates Suibine, son of Mailae humai. Of
a somewhat later date, is an interesting monument, figured in Bor-
lase's Cornwall0, consisting of a flat stone with a cross incised upon
it, and used at once as an altar and a memorial, as it bears the
inscription, leuiut jusit hec altare pro anima sua.
On all these the letters and devices are cut into the stone ; but we
find more numerous remains of the same or an earlier date, on which
the intervals are cut out, so as to leave the design standing up in
relief; a raised border being also left as an ornament and protection.
Of this kind are the upright crosses or obelisks so common in Wales
and Scotland, and also found in England : many of which are highly
ornamented with interlaced patterns and figures P.
In the times succeeding the Norman Conquest, another step was
made in the progress of sepulchral memorials, which was the addi
tion to the cross and inscription, of some device betokening the pro-
T b °1-,^Vi" P; 480, p1, S2' otl,er the names of Centwine, (king of
Pp. 136-7, 320, seq. Wessex, 685.) Hedde, (Bp. of Winter.,
p t?" T P : XXX- fi-g; ?; „, 705'} and others> are P^bably among
P The two "pyramids" at Glaston- the earliest of these memorials whose
bury, mentioned by William of Malms- dates are ascertained. Will Malm
bury, on the oldest of which were (Lond. Hist. Soc), p 35
figures of a priest and king, and on the

ORIGIN OF BRASSES. LIMOGES ENAMELS. V
fession or occupation of the deceased : such as a chalice for a Priest,
a sword, shield, or bow for a Warrior, a horn for a Hunter, shears
for a Clothier, &c. About the same period it was very common to
place upon the stone coffins coped lids, sometimes plain, at others
bearing in relief small figures in medallions, or ornamented crosses.
Towards the twelfth century, we find for the first time an attempt
made to represent the figure of the person commemorated, by effigy
in low relief on the coffin lid, the raised border being still retained ;
good examples of which are, an Abbot (" Gislebertus Crispinus Abbas
1114"?) in the cloisters at Westminster, and Bishops Roger and
Jocelin, 1139, 1184, in Salisbury Cathedral. In these, a portion
of the design is represented by lines incised on the raised figure?.
During the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, it was a common
practice to place on coffin lids the face, or the upper half of the
figure, either above the cross, or in its head : and on these, as well
as on those containing the professional devices, the designs are found
sometimes in relief, and sometimes incised. The well-known monu
ment at Bitton, Gloucestershire, probably of Sir Walter de Bitton,
1228, affords an example of both methods united; for the upper
portion of the figure is in low relief, and the lower is pourtrayed by
incised lines on the flat stone ; thus exhibiting distinctly the transi
tion from bas-relief to the flat engraved effigy; which from this period
in England seems gradually to have supplanted figures in low relief.
Very early flat effigies of knights in mail remain at Avenbury, Here
fordshire17, and St. Bride's, Glamorganshire8, both of the end of the
thirteenth century. It is probable that this change arose from
the inconvenience and obstruction produced by raised stones on the
pavement of Churches ; for although such effigies in low relief were
discontinued, yet figures in full, which were necessarily raised on
altar-tombs, continued for centuries to be mucha used by the
wealthy'. The art of enamelling metals appears to have been introduced from
Byzantium through Venice into Europe, at the close of the tenth
century". This kind of manufacture, called from the town where it
was principally made, " GCuvres de Limoges," " Opus de Limogia,"
or "Lemovicinumx," was soon much employed for sacred vessels,
i In the Antq. Repert., vol. iv. ' At Hitchenden, Bucks, are three
p. 460, is engraved a representation stone figures of knights in low relief,
of the Crucifixion incised on a mutilated of a late date. They are engraved in
stone. It was found in an old chapel Langley's Desborough, p. 301.
in the Isle of Man, and was supposed u Archaeol. Journ., vol. ii p. 169.
to be a coffin-lid. x Ducange, voc. " Limogia." On the
r Engraved in the Archaeologia, vol. continent, monuments in low relief were
xxxi. retained to a very late period : most of
s See Archaeol. Journal, vol. ii. p. 383. these, however, may be called incised

VI LIMOGES ENAMELS.
crosses, pastoral staves, reliquaries, &c. Its use was not however
long confined to such utensils, for we find that the monument of
Geoffrey Plantagenet, le Bel, 1150, which was in the Church of
St. Julien at Le Mans, but is now in the museum of the same place,
consists of a quadrangular plate of copper with an enamelled effigy
upon it, resting on a diapered background, beneath a semicircular
canopy, and with an inscription at the top. It is the subject of the
second plate of Stothard's Monumental Effigies; who mentions a
similar enamelled plate to Ulger, Bishop of Angers, 1149, as formerly
existing in the Church of St. Maurice in that city, but destroyed in
the French Revolution. An enamelled plate of a similar kind, en
graved in Willemins, Mon. In6dits, commemorating a son of St.
Louis, is preserved in the Church of St. DenysT. We learn also from
Montfaucon2 that many such enamelled monuments, both in full re
lief, and flat, did exist in French Churches ; but they have shared the
same fate. The earliest instance recorded of the use of enamelled
metal for monumental purposes in this country, is the tomb of Walter
de Merton, Bishop of Rochester, 1277, in the Cathedral Church3.
This was destroyed by the puritans ; and it cannot now be ascer
tained whether it was in relief or flat. Examples however still re
main at Westminster Abbey, on the effigy of William earl of Pem
broke, 1 304, probably of foreign execution : and at Canterbury on
that of Edward the Black Prince, 1376, and on the shields around it.
It seems certain then that enamelled plates of metal were em
ployed for sepulchral memorials more than half a century before the
date of the earliest recorded brass, 1208 ; and this fact renders it
probable that the use of Limoges works led the way to the employ
ment of brass plates on the ground. Several circumstances tend to
confirm this view : for first, it is well known that brasses were made
and laid down on the continent before they were used in England.
Secondly, these foreign brasses are like the Limoges enamelled plates
in their form, which is quadrangular, and in having their backgrounds
diapered b. To which may be added, that the small figures on the
slabs, for the background is cut out so as £x\. v.s. vi.d. liberat' Magistro Johanni
to leave the figure, canopy, and marginal Limovicensi pro tumba episcopi Rof-
inscription at the same height as the fensis." The cost of the whole with
face of the slab, and consequently on a carriage was £07. 14s. 6d. Thorpe's
level with the pavement. The effigies Custum. HofFense, p. 193.
in alto-relief were placed on altar- b Theearliestbrassot'whichweknow
tombs, and many, especially in Ger- the design, is that of Philip and John,
many, are to be found fixed upright the two sons of Louis VIII., who
against the walls. reigned from 1223 to 1226. This
l ^loss-..of Arc"i'-> art. " Brasses." plate, which exhibits tlie characters
lorn. u. p. 1G0, seq. mentioned above, is engraved in Mont-
a In the accounts of his executors faucou's Monum. de la Monarchic
there is this entry: " Et computant Franc, torn. ii. pl. 18. p V>0

CONNECTION BETWEEN LIMOGES ENAMELS AND BliASSES. vii
sides of some enamelled shrines are very similar to brasses0. Thirdly,
we find such a similarity in design between some of the Limoges
works and the contemporary incised stones in France, as to shew an
intimate communion of ideas between their several artists. In both
of these the heads are in relief*, the remainder of the figure being
flat, and in both the backgrounds are diapered. Again, the resem
blance between these foreign incised slabs and the brasses of the
same date is so strong, as to make it evident that the workmen of
both wrought from one and the same design. Fourthly, the direct
connection of enamelled work and brasses is shewn by the use of the
former on some of the shields of early knights, as at Stoke D'Aber-
non, (No. 1 25 .) These shields, as might be expected, are not made
of brass, which would not bear the required heat, but of thin plates
of copper inlaid in the brass e.
But the delicacy of the colouring material of these enamels was
little suited to bear the rough treatment which it would encounter on
the floor of a Church : they were therefore usually fixed to walls, or
suspended over tombs, as in the instances mentioned by Stothard.
Their costliness also would place them beyond the reach of all but
the wealthy ; whereas brass was abundant and well suited in most
respects to such a purposed
From what has been said then it appears that stone monuments
on the pavements of Churches were gradually assuming, as more
convenient, the flat form, at about the same period that the beauty
c As examples may be mentioned white marble, or alabaster instead of
one in the British Museum, another in brass ; good examples occur in Here-
the Mus. of 03con. Geol., London, and ford Cathedral. At Brading Church,
an.ither at Shipley Church engraved Isle of Wight, the flat incised monu-
in Dallaway's Sussex, vol. ii. p. 304. ment of French workmanship, to Sir
These early enamels shew the " champ John Cherowin, 1441, had the head and
leve"," i. e. the copper is raised into hands in relief.
ridges of partition between the colours. e Waller's Brasses, pt. x.
A similar method is seen on the dresses fin Germany a great number of
of brasses towards the end of the 15th tombs of metal still remain, which
century and later. are wrought in very low relief, and
d See Archaeol. Journ., vol. i. p. 200. form the intermediate class between
In Duncumb's Collect, foi Hereford- the sepulchral brass and the effigy.
shire, vol. i. p. 549, there is an engrav- Sixty or eighty such figures of Bishops,
ing of the enamelled shrine of King Deans and Canons, exist at Bamberg
Ethelbert at Hereford, on which the Cathedral. Gloss, of Archit., art.
heads of the figures are raised. On the " Brasses." Some of these are the work
French incised slabs the hands also of Peter Vischer in the commencement
and other parts of the design are occa- of the sixteenth cent.* they were first
sionally found in relief; and sometimes cast, and afterwards finished with a
both these and the heads are of a differ- graving tool. Three or four other ex-
ent coloured stone inlaid in the ordi- amples may be seen at Ratisbon Cathe-
nary slab : compare the brass of Eliz. dral, and a small one in the museum at
Fynderne, (No. 168.) Indeed it was Basle. The same kind of memorial is
a frequent practice both here and still used in Germany.
abroad, to inlay in the slab plates of

Viii IMPORTED BRASS. ENGLISH BRASS WORKS.
of enamelled metals had attracted the attention of artists for monu
mental purposes. But the small size, the frailty of structure, and
the great expense of these enamels, soon led to the widely extended
use of brass?, which possessed most of their advantages without their
faults : for when its deeply incised lines were filled with cements of
various colours, it formed a substitute, not indeed quite so beautiful,
but as much more durable as it was less costly.
With respect to the material of which these memorials were made,
it appears certain that the brass plate was at first brought from the
continent. Flanders and the neighbouring provinces were early cele
brated for the manufacture of plates of "lattenn" or brass, called
" Cullen plate," a term corrupted from " Coin," i. e. Cologne, where
such plates were principally made. The earliest notice that has been
observed of the manufacture of brass in this country is a patent1
granted by Queen Elizabeth, Sept. 17, 1565, to William Humfrey,
assay master of the mint, and Christopher Shutz, " an Almain/' to
search and mine for calamine, and to have the use of it for making
all sorts of battery wares, cast works, and wire, of latten. At the
same time similar privileges were granted to Cornelius Devoz, and
to Daniel Houghsetter and Thomas Thurland. In 1568, May 28,
the company of the mineral and battery works was incorporated, and
in 1584 reincorporated ; in which year a lease of works at IsleworthJ
' The more frequent use of incised forged. The oar, or earth wherof it is
stone slabs in France, may perhaps be contryved, is browght out of Somerset-
fully accounted for by the greater hard- shire from Mendipp, the most from a
ness of the stone in common use. place called Worley Hill. The car-
h Latten, Belg. Lattoen, seems to riage is by wayne, which can not but be
have been used loosely for any com- very chardgeable. The workemen make
pounds of copper. There was a great plates both of copper and brasse of all
trade between Cologne and London. scyces little and great, thick and thyn,
King John granted many privileges to for all purposes. They make also
the Cologne merchants. Whitehall kyttles. Their furnace and forge are
belonged to them entirely. blown with great bellowes, raysed with
1 See Stringer, Op. Mineral. Ex- the force of the water, and suppressed
plic, 1713, p. 34; and a petition of agayne with a great poves and weyght
John Brode, &c. 1596. Lands. MSS. And the hammers "wherwith they
Brit. Mus. No. 81, 1, 2, and 3. worke their plates are very great and
J Norden, in his " Descript. of Mid- weightie, some of them of wrowght and
dx." 4to. 1593, under " Thistleworth," beaten iron, some of cast iron, of 200,
describes this mill, but the notice is 300, some 400 weight, which hammers
more full in the original MS. written so massye are lifted up by an artificiall
in 1592, (Harl. 570,) and is given at engine, by the force of the water, in
p. xiii. of the Introd. to Norden's De- that altogeather semblable to the Iron
script, of Essex, (London Camd. Soc.) myll hammers. They have snippers
as follows: wherwith they snyppe and pare their
" Thistleworth or Jstlcwortli, a place plates, which snippers being also of a
scituate upon the Thamise. Not farr huge greatnes, farr beyond the powr of
from whence betwene it and Worton is man to use, are so artificially placed,
a copper and brasse myll, wher it is and such ingenious devises thermite
wrowght out of the oar, melted, and added, that by the mocon of the water

CONTINENTAL BRASSES. IX
was granted to John Brode, who appears to have greatly improved
the art ; and about the same period many other brass mills were set
up, especially in Somersetshire.
Although the "plate" was not made at home until long after the
foreign brasses had attained a high degree of excellence, yet there is
every reason to believe that almost all the brasses in England were the
work of native artistsk. No one can doubt this who will compare
them with the few which remain on the continent, especially at St.
Sauveur, Bruges. The foreign brasses, at least the larger examples,
consist of a quadrangular sheet of metal, on which is engraved the
figure, usually under a canopy, and surrounded by an inscription, the
back-ground being ornamented with rich diaper, foliage, or scroll
work, and the incisions filled with colouring. When they were of
great size, and they sometimes measure nearly ten feet by five, seve
ral plates were neatly joined together, and the canopies elaborately
ornamented with figures of saints, &c, in niches. There is also a
peculiarity in the style of the engraving, which is easy to recognise
on comparison with those of English execution, but difficult to de
scribe1. These characters, together with the mode of execution, enable us
at once to decide upon the foreign origin of several brasses in Eng
land, viz., those at Lynn, Norfolk, to Adam de Walsokne and wife,
1349, and Robert Braunche and wives, 1364 (No. 242m); at St.
also the snippers open and shut and Stevyns coppersmith. It was finished
performe that with great facility e, which and gilt by Bartholomew Lambespring,
ells were very harde to be done." a Dutchman, and goldsmith of London.
k Some of the early metal effigies in See Blore's Mon. Effigies. The brass
this country are known to be of English in Constance Cathedral of Bobert Hal-
execution ; e. g. that of Anne, queen lum, Bp. of Saruin, who died while at-
of Ric. II., the contract for making tending the council in 1416, is of Eng-
which by " Nich. Broker and Godfrey lish design ; and the tradition is, that it
Prest, Citeins and Copersmythes de came from England. It is engraved in
Londres," in 1395, is given from the Archaeologia, vol. xxx.
Rymer's Feed. vii. 797, by Gough, ' In early brasses it seems to consist
vol. i. p. 168. It was to have "deux chiefly in the greater breadth and bold-
ymages de coper et laton endorrez . . . ness of the lines, the partial use of
une table du dit metall endorre . . . "stippling" or dotted shading, the
ovesque une frette de Flour de Lys, marking the divisions of stone in the
Leons, Egles, Leopardes .... Esco- canopy, and a difference in the folds of
cheous . . du dit metall endorrez, gravez, the drapery. See description of Priests
et anamalez de diverses armes." The of the fourteenth cent. In later brasses
diaper-work on the dress of this figure the letters-differ from the English of the
resembles that of the armorial bear- same date : and in both the early and
ings of Ferrers on the brass of Margt. late the inscribed borders are broader.
Beauchamp, 1406, at Warwick. See ™ There was a third a_t Lynn, also
Waller's Brasses, pt. x. The effigy of of foreign execution, to Robert Atte-
Richard Beauchamp, 1439, also at lathe and wife, 1376. The husband
Warwick, was made about 1453, of is engraved in Gough (vol. i. pl. xxxvi.)
" fine latten," by Will. Austen, citizen from two rubbings still preserved in the
and founder of London, and Thomas British Museum.

X CONTINENTAL BRASSES. ENGLISH BRASSES.
Alban's, to Thomas de la Mare, Abbot, 1396 (No. 4) ; at Topcliffe,
Yorkshire, to Thomas de Topclyff and wife, 1391 ; at Aveley, Essex,
to Ralph de Knevynton, Knt., 1370 (No. 132); at Newcastle-on-
Tyne, to Roger Thornton and wife, 1429 ; at St. Mary Quay, Ips
wich, to Thomas Pownder and wife, 1525 (No. 335) ; and at All Hal
lows Barking.London, to Andrew Evyngar and wife, c.1535 (No.343);
and at Fulham, Middlesex, to Margaret Hornebolt, 1529, a demi-
figure on a lozenge-shaped plate. To which may be added the frag
ment of a large brass of an Abbot, c. 1360, at Ramsgate, (No. 1,)
and a large plate brought from Flanders, and now in the Museum of
(Economic Geology, London ; it commemorates Lodewyc Cortewille
and wife, 1504 and 1496", and is very similar in execution to the
brass at Fulham.
The English brasses, on the contrary, are not on one quadrangular
plate, but consist of separate pieces, with an irregular outline, corre
sponding, for the most part, with that of the figure or device repre
sented ; they have consequently no back-ground of brass, its place-
being occupied by the stone in which they are inlaid. If these two
be compared together, the preference seems to be due to the English
method. In looking at the continental brasses, the eye is confused
by the large and profusely ornamented surface presented to it at one
view ; whereas those of England, by their arrangement, preserve
clearly the distinctness of the several parts, while the canopy and
surrounding marginal inscription sustain the unity of design. The
fine brass at Cowfold, Sussex, (No. 87.) may be selected in proof of
this opinion.
It is not improbable that the difference observable between foreign
and English brasses may be accounted for by the greater abundance
of metal abroad, and the different models which the artists here and
on the continent had before them. The English workmen had been
accustomed to stone figures without back-grounds, while those on the
continent were familiar with the Limoges plates.
There are, however, a few brasses in England of foreign workman
ship which present some of the English characteristics, being desti
tute of back-grounds of brass : as those of Sir John de Northwode
and lady, c. 1330, at Minster, (No. 129,) of French design ; and the
Priests, c. 1360, at Wensley, Yorkshire, and North Mimms, Herts,
(No. 18,) both of Flemish work. In all probability the figures of
Margaret, Lady Camoys0, 1310, Trotton, Sussex, and of Sir Hugh
Hastings, 1347, Elsing, Norfolk, should be added to this list.
n The metal of this brass yielded ° The dress was ornamented with
upon analysis, copper 64, zinc 29.5, nine small shields after the foreign
lead 3.o, tm 3. fashion. Compare similar figures in

ARTISTS OF ENGLISH BRASSES. xi
Many of the later English brasses, especially those affixed to the
wall, are engraved on small quadrangular plates. Those after the
middle of the sixteenth century have the back-ground plain, or occu
pied by masonry, arches, or the interior of a Church. The earliest of
the kind are Sir Thomas Sellynger and lady, 1475, St. George's
.... Chapel, Windsor ; Sir Peter Mede and wives, 1480, St. Mary Red-
cliffe, (No. 181,) both in tabards; Christopher Martyn, Esq., 1524,
Piddletown, Dorset; a Priest, 1492, Fovant, (No. 105) ; and Sir —
Compton and lady, c. 1500, in private hands p. The two last have
their back-grounds diapered with roses, &c, and the last has also the
fire beacon, the Compton badge, repeated four times.
Brasses of the same date present a great similarity of design and
execution ; figures, in Churches distant from each other many miles,
are so like in form and features as to produce conviction that they
are the work of the same artist. For instance, Knights at Stoke
D'Abernon, 1327, Surrey, (No. 128,) and Westley Waterless, c. 1325,
Camb.; at Cheddar, c. 1440, Somerset, (No. 167,) and Westmin
ster Abbey, 1457, (No. 171); Priests at Fulbourn, Camb., Hayes,
Kent, (No. 39,) c. 1470, and Crowell, Oxon, 1469 ; Ladies at Erith,
Kent, and Stamford, Lincolnshire, 1471, &c, &c.
A peculiar character often prevails in the design of brasses of cer
tain Churches or districts, or of those belonging to a particular family.
Thus at Burford, Oxon, we find in one Church that there were four
" bracket brasses," (three of them lost,) whereas perhaps the whole
county does not present as many more. At Tattershall, Lincoln
shire, the brasses are distinguished by the singularity of their cano
pies. The explanation is found in the directions to executors con
tained in wills, to have tombs made like specified examples.
It is obvious that the costume of the period when the brass
was executed was represented on the figure1!, but it is very re
markable that the more extravagant dresses of the time are not
copied. From the illuminated MSS. of the same date, we leam that
the dresses of both sexes during the fourteenth and fifteenth cen
turies were very fantastical and various. On the brasses, however,
such extravagancies appear, with great good taste, chastened, and
Montf, torn. iii. pl. xxxiv. fig. 10; and sition, but "well rubbed," over the
tom. ii. pl. xxxviii. p. 214: and Will, mantel-piece in the vicarage kitchen at
E. of Pembroke, supra p vi. the Temple Church, Bristol.
p Engraved in the Archaaol., vol. xvi. i An exception occurs in the beau-
p. 302, pl. xii. It was formerly in tiful brass to Sir Robert Swinburne
Netley Abbey, but when discovered and son, Little Horkesley, Essex, 1391
several years since, was used as the — 1412; which, although evidently ex-
back of a grate in a cottage. Three ecuted at the later date, exhibits the
years ago there was another brass (a armour of both periods.
palimpsest) in not quite so warm a po-

Xll ARTISTS OF ENGLISH BRASSES.
the more outrageous forms curtailed and simplified. If brasses were
each the work of individual artists, as illuminations certainly were, we
should expect to find an equal variety of costume in both.
The above remarks apply more especially to brasses before the end
of the fifteenth century, after which time a greater variety in execu
tion is observable. For instance, the later brasses in Norfolk and
Suffolk differ from those of the same period in other parts of Eng
land. The same remark may be made of the figures of Knights at
Cobham, Surrey, Isfield and Willingdon, Sussex ; and the brasses of
the Andrewe family, c. 1490, (Nos. 188, 298 r,) at Charwelton,- and
of a Knight and lady at South Kelsey, Lincolnshire, are each so
peculiarly executed as almost to stand alone.
Up to the present time, no record has been discovered to satisfy
our curiosity respecting t;he artists, to whom we are indebted for these
beautiful works. On two brasses only, marks are seen which are
supposed to be those of the engraver. One is at the lower corner
of the figure of Lady Creke, Westley Waterless, and consists of the
letter N, above which is a mallet, on one side a half-moon, and on
the other a star or sun. A similar device, without the letter, is on a
seal of a deed (5th of Ed. I.) of " S' Walter le Masuns." The
other is in a shield on a palimpsest fragment of a Flemish brass,
from Trunch Church, Norf.*; the half moon and star are in chief,
and the initial W in base.
From what has been stated, it is obvious that brasses were not
always the work of local artists, and that their designing and execu
tion were in the hands of a few persons. When we consider the
numbers required, and the condition of the sister arts, it is also not
improbable that those who were employed in their production formed
a guild, originally perhaps composed of foreigners ; and '* that the
same minds which designed the architectural structures of the middle
ages also designed the sepulchral monuments8."
Brasses are now found in far greater numbers in England than in
any other part of Europe. The whole number still remaining here
is probably not less than four thousand, and traces of as many more
which are now destroyed, may be found. On the continent the spe
cimens are far from numerous : some fine examples exist in the
Churches of St. Sauveur, Notre Dame, and the Cathedral, Bruges ; a
r A Priest at Walton-on-Trent, War- thought to be the artists'. The por-
wickshire, is said to resemble these. traits on brass, also of the seventeenth
¦ Waller's Brasses, pt. x. cent, of some of the Wynne family in
' Boutell's Brasses and Slabs, pp. the Gwedir Chapel at Llanrwst, Den-
40 and 149. The brasses of the seven- bighsh., are known to be the work of
teenth cent. :it Queen's Coll. Oxon. Sylvamis Crew and Wm. Vaughan.
(see Appendix A.) have the initials A. Gough, i. p. ciii.
II. and lt. H. on them j which are

GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF BRASSES. xiii
late mural one remains at St. Bavon, Ghent, and it is not unlikely
that several might be discovered in the country Churches in Bel
gium. In France very few seem to have survived the Revolution ;
one of the fifteenth century, (No. 12,) is in Amiens Cathedral!
Some are to be seen at the Cathedrals of Aix-la-Chapelle, Meissen",
and Constance x, and in other parts of Germany. One fine example
from Seville, in Spain, is described in the latter portion of this
volume, (No. 228.) There are a few in Funchal Cathedral, Madeira u,
and in Denmark there are known to have existed some of the four
teenth and fifteenth centuries y. Italy is entirely without themu, but
some incised slabs are to be found at Rome.
Most of the brasses in England are found in the counties on its
eastern side, Norfolk, Suffolk, Essex and Kent. Many are to be
seen in Cambridgeshire, Northamptonshire, Bedfordshire, Hertford
shire, Buckinghamshire, Middlesex, Berkshire, Oxfordshire, Surrey
and Sussex : but in the western and northern counties they are
more rare. Various reasons have been assigned for this peculiarity.
It has been supposed that as " the plate" was brought over from
Flanders, it was mostly used in the counties more particularly
related to that country, both by geographical position and mer
cantile intercourse. Something is perhaps due to this cause: but
we find brasses of Flemish work as far as Wensley and Topcliffe,
Yprks., and Newark, Notts. It will also be observed that the
majority of the Suffolk brasses are of a date subsequent to the in
troduction of the manufacture of the metal into England. Again,
the earlier brasses of other counties are exactly similar to those of
Norfolk and Suffolk z; and it does not appear that there were local
artists until a late date. Another explanation which has recently
been given, is the scarcity of stone in the eastern part of England, in
proof of which is urged the very extensive use of flint in the building
of Churches. The abundance of stone, especially alabaster, in some
districts, may have prompted its use for monuments to the exclu
sion of brass : thus in Northamptonshire, Leicestershire, and other
midland counties, incised slabs of stone are numerous, and brasses
scarce. But those who had neither stone nor brass at hand, would
be as likely to send to a distance for one as the other ; and in the
counties where stone is plentiful, we find that the founders of
u Manning in Paley's Manual of perhaps the proportion to the Churches
Gothic Arch. is not greater than in other counties
1 Of English workmanship, see p. ix. in which fewer brasses are found ; e. g.
n. k. Beds, and Bucks. The numbers which
y Art. on Brasses in Gloss, of Arch, are lost must also be remembered, in
1 Although the actual number of forming a correct judgment on this
brasses is larger in these counties, yet point.

xiv AGE OF BRASSES. CRITERIA OF DATE.
Churches and Chantries were frequently commemorated by brasses.
Others, with much more probability, have attributed the frequent
use of brasses, which were the chief memorials of the middle classes
of society, to the greater wealth of the people, especially the
clothiers, of these districts; which enabled them to leave such
magnificent monuments of their piety, in the fine Churches abound
ing in the same parts where brasses are most numerous : the wealth
of Kent was proverbial.
Very few brasses are to be found in Wales ; Beaumaris, Swansea,
Ruthin, and Whitehead possess the best : there is a Welsh inscrip
tion, c. 1400, at Usk in Monmouthshire. One example only is
at present known to exist in Scotland, namely, in Glasgow Cathe
dral. Dublin Cathedral contains two of the commencement of the
sixteenth century, which are all that have hitherto been found in
Ireland. The earliest brass of which we have any record was that of Simon
de Beauchamp, who died before 1208 ; thus mentioned by Leland a ;
" He lyith afore the highe Altare of S. Paule's Chirch in Bedeford
with this Epitaphie graven in Bras and set on a flat Marble stone.
De Bella Campo jacet hie sub marmore Simon
Fundator de Neweham."
Several others of the thirteenth century, now lost, are enumerated by
Goughb. At the present time, the earliest brass known is that of Sir
John D'Abernon, 1277, (No 125) : one other of the same cent, still
remains at Trumpington, (No. 126.) From this period their num
bers gradually increased until about the middle of the sixteenth
century, when they became less common : the latest observed ex
ample is at St. Mary Cray, Kent, 1776c. It is remarkable that the
earliest brasses are quite equal, in beauty of form and execution,
to any of a later date. From the early part of the fifteenth century
a gradual decline of the art is visible, and towards the end of the
sixteenth century it became utterly degenerate.
In deciding upon the date of a brass, the inscription is not always
a safe guide, as the following observations will sufficiently shew.
First, brasses were often laid down before the death of the per
son represented, especially if he happened to be the founder of a
Chantry : examples occur at Cobham, Kent, (No. 130), Thame, Oxon,
(No. 172), Lamboum, Berks, and Bradford, Wilts, (No. 330.) The
same practice was adopted with " shroud and skeleton brasses;"
the object being to lead the minds of their owners to the devout
" Itin. ed. 1768, vol. i. p. 112. to Alderman Fletcher, who died in 1826 :
' Sep. Mon., vol. i. p. ci. the figure is copied from one in St.
At \ arnton, near Oxtord, is a brass Peter's in the East, (No. 361).

CRITERIA OF DATE. PALIMPSEST BRASSES, &C. XV
contemplation of their approaching end. Instances are found in
Corpus Christi College, Oxford, (No. 427), Oddington and Cassing-
ton, Oxfordshire : on the brass of Thomas Neale, in the last named
Church, are these lines :
" Hos egomet uersus posui mini sanus, ut esset
Hinc praeuisa mihi mortis imago meae."
In such cases, blanks were often left for the date to be inserted
after decease.
Secondly, brasses were often laid down some years after the death
of the persons commemorated ; of which we have examples at Lam-
bourn, Berks, 1372, and c. 1410 ; Little Horkesley, Essex, 1391, and
1412; Etchingham, Sussex, 1404, 1412, and 1444; all these are
placed by sons to their parents. Other instances may be seen at Hil-
lingdon, Middx., 1479, and 1509 ; Ash, Kent, dates 1530, 1576, ex
ecution c. 1590; probably also at Little Casterton, Rutland, 1381,
and c. 1410 ; and Cirencester, dates 1427, 1434, execution c. 1470d.
Thirdly, brasses which had been previously laid down to one
person, were in some cases used afterwards for another. These
have been termed " Palimpsests," and may be divided into three
classes :
1 . A more recent figure or inscription is engraved on the reverse
side of the original. This is a very large class : a few examples will
suffice. Hedgerley, Buckse ; Burwell, Camb., a Canon, c. 1550, and
on the reverse an Abbot, c. 1500, also on the reverse of the canopy,
part of a Deacon (?); Fryerning, Essex, female figures, c. 1560, and
c. 1470 ; Temple Church, Bristol, a Priest and a Lady, c. 1460 ; Berk-
hampstead, Herts, inscriptions, 15 — , and c. 1460; Norton Disney,
Lincolnshire, figures, c. 1580, and a Flemish inscription on reverse ;
Sanderstead, Surrey, inscriptions to Henry Pollestede, 1556, and
Bycklay Williams, 1465, in private possessionf.
2. The original figure is altered, and appropriated to another per
son of a later date and costume. Such brasses occur at Okeover,
Staffordshire, (No. 169), and at Waterpery, Oxon, (No. 210); see
d Compare Nos. 85, 220, 268, 269, Margt. Bulstrode, 1540, is a former
and 322. Cotman has engraved ex- inscr. to Thos. de Totyngton, Abbot of
amples from Erpingham and Kimber- St. Edmund's Bury, who died 1312.
ley, Norfolk, 1370, and c. 1415, 1465, (Archaeol., vol. xxx. p. 121.) The lat-
and c. 1520 : also from Stoke, Suffolk, ter inscr. (whose date is not before the
1452, and c. 1535. fifteenth cent.) runs thus : —
e On the reverse of an inscr. to
©otnncrion SHjomas lEBmuof q' fuit aibas
9§it facet cato pia atti Butt'i u'go maria.
f Other instances are given in the Many more doubtless exist, but are un-
Catalogue, from St. Alban's (Nd. 6), known owing to the brasses being fixed
Rochester (No. 70), Walton-on -Thames down.
(No. 373), and Chobham (App. A.)

PALIMPSEST BRASSES.

WALTER ODBSON. Big.. , and WIFE. 16:7. Waterjwry. Oson.

CRITERIA OF DATE. DUPLICATE BRASSES. XVII
the engraving annexed, and the description given at p. 81 of the
Catalogue. 3. The original figure remains unaltered, but a fresh inscription,
shield, &c, are introduced. We have instances at Bromham, Beds.,
c. 1430 and 1535, (No. 161) ; Laughton, Lincolnshire, c. 1400 and
15498; Isleworth, Middx., c. 1450 and 1544; St. Peter Mancroft,
Norwich, c. 1470 and 1568 ; Great Ormsby, Norfolk, c. 1440 and
1538 ; Horley, Surrey, c. 1430 and 1516 ; Howden, Yorks., c. 1500
and 1621, &c.
Some Palimpsests are a combination of the above varieties ; as
Waterpery, of the 1st and 2nd; Howden of the 1st11 and 3rd; and
Okeover of all three1.
In a very few cases a brass may be seen to have been restored by
a later hand, as at Minster, Sheppy, and Wimborne Minster, see
Nos. 129, 269, and compare the brasses at Trinity Alms' Houses,
Bristol, and Worstead, Norfolk, Nos. 256, 306.
When a brass was intended to commemorate more than one per
son, it was very common to lay it down on the death of the first,
and to leave a blank for the date of the decease of the other. These
blanks were almost always neglected to be filled up ; so that when
two or more dates are found in one inscription, the latest will almost
invariably indicate the time of execution11. Sometimes a later figure
or inscription, to one of the same family, was added to an earlier
brass; thus at Southfleet, Kent, an inscr. of the date 1594, has been
added to the figures of John Sedley and wife, c. 1520. At Ches-
ham Bois, Bucks, a curious instance of the same kind is found : to
the brass of Elizabeth Cheyne, 1516, have been added in 1552 a
larger figure of her husband and another inscription.
Brasses to the same person are found in different Churches : the
usual case being that of a husband buried in one Church, and his
wife in another ; each having a brass containing one or both figures.
Thus at Childrey, Berks, are the figures of John Kyngeston Esq.,
and Susan his wife ; the former of whom dying in 1514, was buried
at Childrey, and the latter becoming a " vowes," and dying in 1540,
B Archaeol. Journ., vol. ii. p. 189. portant to ascertain that no mistake has
h Ibid. There are some lines on the been made in relaying, as at Hadden-
reverse of the inscription. ham, Bucks ; Digswell, Herts ; Char-
1 The brass of Thos. Fogg Esq., tham, Kent ; Broadwater, Sussex (No.
1512, Ashford, Kent, probably belonged 435), where wrong inscriptions have
to this cla.ss. The inscr. remains, but been attached to the figures.
the figure has been removed ; the out- * Besides the inscr., parts of the de-
line of the indent seems to indicate a sign are sometimes found unfinished ;
costume of an earlier date than that of as at Trumpington and Chartham (Nos.
the inscr. beneath. With respect to 126, 127.)
the third class of Palimpsests, it is im-

XV111

DUPLICATE BRASSES.

was interred at Shalston, Bucks, and commemorated by another
brass figure in the dress of a Nun. At Halton, Bucks, Henry
Bradschawe Chief Baron of the Exchequer, who died in 1553, is
there represented with his wife Joan, who died in 1598 and has a
brass at Noke, Oxon, (No. 383,) with figures of herself, Henry
Bradshawe, and a former husband. In like manner Anne Rede,
upon the death of her first husband Geo. Duke Esq., in 1551, is
with him commemorated by a brass at Frenze, Norfolk ; she after
wards married Peter Rede Esq., in 1568, and upon her own de
cease in 1577, was buried beside him at St. Margaret's, Norwich,
where there is a single brass to herself1. Other examples of a

Anue Duke. 1551.

Auue Rede. 1^7

SST tisof ^^^ " the braSS6S °f Joha Gunter ^d wife.
1624 and 1626, at Kentbury, Berks, and Cirencester, Gloucester-
exhi£t VXnge oSuS SI? A* ?* ??' WilHam Drake' * *•
.ally illustrated ®4 LtiJeZ\Zlll ^ J°Urn" V°l "' * 246'

DUPLICATE BRASSES. BRASSES USED AS EASTER SEP. XIX
shire, and of Bishop Robinson, 1616, at Carlisle Cathedral and
Queen's College, Oxford.
In Layer Marney Church, Essex, is the stone effigy of John Lord
Marney, 1524, and at the sides of his tomb were brass figures of his
two wives, but these are now lost. His second wife Bridget, married
again, died in 1549, and by her will ordered " three brass pictures"
of herself and her two husbands, to be placed on her tomb at Little
Horkesley, Essex, where they are still"1. Ralph Hamsterley, Master
of University College, who died in 1518, had brasses in the chapels
of University, Merton, and Queen's Colleges, and also at Oddington,
Oxon : only that at the last named place now remains11.
Indeed two brasses to the same individual are sometimes found in
the same Church; as at Southfleet, Kent, Joan Urban, alone 1414,
(No. 257,) and conjoined with her husband 1420; at Ruthin, Den
bighshire, Edward Goodman, alone 1560, (No. 356,) and with his
wife and family 1583. In Fairford Church, Gloucestershire, are
brasses on the floor to Sir Edmund Tame and his two wives, 1533 ;
and against the wall small kneeling figures of the same persons.
The same occurs in the brasses of John Cottesmore Judge, and wife,
1439, at Baldwin Brightwell, Oxon, and of Joan Brokes, 1487,
Pepperharrow, Surrey. At Horncastle, Lincolnshire, Sir Lionel
Dymock, 1519, is twice represented, once in armour, and again
in a shroud. The last instance exhibits a practice similar to that
which obtained with respect to stone effigies ; two figures were often
sculptured, the one above vigorous and in full costume, the other, an
emaciated figure in a shroud0.
Some examples remain which shew that brasses were occasionally
used for other purposes than merely commemorating the individual
deceased. Thus at Yeovil, Somerset, a demi-figure of a Priest is
engraved on a lettern : and it is very probable that the later altar-
tombs inlaid with brasses, and usually placed against the north wall
of the Chancel, were frequently used as Easter sepulchres. We
know that in one well -authenticated instance, at Stanwell, Middx.,
the tomb of Thomas Windsor Esq., 1485P, was so used.
m See Sir H. Nicolas's Test. Vetusta, another brass at Necton, in the same
pp. 627, 727. county ; the figure of his wife (?) 1483,
11 Bp. Stanley (No. 10) has a Chantry from the latter Church, (seeGough, vol.
Chapel and a monument in each of the ii. p. 227,) is now in the possession of
Cathedrals of Ely and Manchester. J. B. Nichols Esq.
According to Weever, (Fun. Mon., p. " Memorial windows and monuments
444,) Bp. Bowthe, whose brass (No. to one and the same person, frequently
8) exists at East Horsley, had an occur in the same or different Churches.
inscr. at St. Clement Dane's, London. See Nos. 77, 210.
It is not improbable that William Cur- P In his will dated 1479, and proved
teys Notary, whose brass, dated 1490, 1485, he directs "that ther be made a
is at Holme Hale, Norfolk, had also playn tombe of marble of a competent

XX BRASSES ON ALTAR SLABS. COST OF BRASSES.
Sometimes the slabs in which brasses are inlaid have small crosses
at the corners : as these are found of a date before the Reformation,
it is not unlikely that they were used for sacred purposes, perhaps
as Chantry Altars i. Examples occur at Dorchester, Oxon, on the
tombstone of Abbot Sutton, 1349; at Tempsford, Beds., on an
incised slab, c. 1360r; and at St. Cross, Winchester, 1502. The
brasses at Little Horkesley, Essex, 1549, and New College, 1592,
(see No. 380,) have certainly been inlaid in Altar slabs, and most pro
bably another, also subsequent to the Reformation, at Bray, Berks,
from which the brass (that of Ursula Norris, 1560 ?) has been torn.
It is a point of some interest to ascertain the cost of brasses, at
the several dates of their execution; The materials for such an en
quiry are to be found in the directions left in wills to executors : but
the number is small of those in which the design and the sum to be
expended are specified ; and in some cases where they are stated,
the brasses are not extant to guide us. Some approximation, how
ever, to the truth may be made by comparing the few notices that
follow ; from which it also appears that the earlier brasses were
much more expensive than the later.
Sir John de St. Quintin, by his will dated 1397, left xx marks for
a marble stone to be placed over himself and his two wives, with
three images of laton upon it. This brass still remains at Brands-
burton, Yorks. ; the figures are large, but that of one wife only
appears on it.
Sir Thomas Ughted in 1398 bequeathed x.l. for a marble stone
to be inlaid with two images in laton of his father and mother, and
placed over their tomb at Catton, Yorks.
In 1 399, Sir Philip D'Arcy left by his will x.l. for a similar monu
ment to himself and his wifes.
Maud Lady Mauley, 1438, left xx marks for a marble stone with
her portraiture thereon in copper or latten gilt'.
height, to then tent that yt may ber the * Compare the tombstone engraved
blessid body of our Lord and the sepul- in Borlase's Cornwall, and mentioned
ture at the tyme of Estre, to stond upon supra p. iv. " Dr. Bromet exhibited a
tlie same, and with myne Armes anda rubbing from a credence- table on the
Scriptur convenient to be set about the south side of the Chancel of Brabourne
same tombe," &c. See Collins's Peer- Church, Ktnt It is of black marble,
age, vol. iv. p. 74. ed. 1779. This and is sculptured with a cross inscribed
tomb is now removed to the west end in a circle, flanked with, apparently, the
ol the Church, and the brasses have matrices of inscriptions on brass."
disappeared. The altar- tomb of Chris- Archasol. Journ., vol. iii p 83
topher Urswyck (No. 79) which was r This has five crosses on it- it is
against the north wall of the Chancel of figured in Fisher's Coll for Beds
the old Church at Hackney, was pro- ' Test. Ebor. 215. 243. 255, cited in
lialily usi'd for the same purpose, to Gloss, of Archit.
which its inscr. may contain an al- ' Nicolas's Test Vetusta n 235
lusion. ' *'

COST OF BRASSES. SUBJECTS OF BRASSES. Xxi
The brass of Sir John Curson and Lady, 1471, Belaugh, Norfolk,
consists of two figures, about three feet and a half long, four shields,
and an inscription, for the making of which Sir John left viii. marks".
By his will bearing date Oct. 1, 1509, Sir Thomas Marriot, Clerk
and Parish Priest of Newington, directed the sum of xx.s. or there
abouts to be expended on his tombstone, which was probably inlaid
with brass*.
Robert Fabyan, the well-known chronicler, who died 1512, left full
instructions to his executors for the erection of a small mural brass,
the cost of which was not to exceed liii.s. iv.d.y
Ralph Hayman, of Milton, in Kent, 1598, gave iv.l. for a marble
stone graved with his picture (in brass" ?), and those of his three
wives, three sons, and four daughters.
The next point in order is to review the various subjects which
are represented on brasses, the first and principal of which is of
course the figure, and secondly, its accessory parts, viz., canopy,
inscriptions, and emblems. For convenience of arrangement and
description, the brasses in the following chronological list are divided
into four classes : Ecclesiastics, Knights, Civilians, and Miscellaneous
Brasses, including figures in shrouds, skeletons, and simple devices.
A somewhat different order will be adopted in the following remarks,
with the hope of rendering them more useful in the study of these
monuments in detail There are some portions of the designs on
brasses which are invariable, or nearly so, during the successive
eras ; as the Ecclesiastical vestments, the Judges' robes, and certain
emblems; whereas other parts, as the armour, exhibit a series of
» Cotman's Norf. Brasses, p. xxxii. figurys of a man and a woman with x
* " I will that my executors provide men children and vi women children,
and ordain a marble stone, with an and over or above the said figurys I
image and portraiture of our Saviour will be made a figure of the Fader of
J'hu and of a priest kneeling, with a Heven inclosed in a sonne, and from
cedule (schedule) in his hand, to the the man figure I will be made a rolle
foot of the said image of J'hu, and in to be graven O Pater in celis ; and
the cedule written these words, . from the figure of the woman another
J'hu fili Dei vivi miserere mei, lyke rolle wherein to be graven Nos
and other writings, with my name, in tecum pascere velis ; and at the feete
due order,, to be added to the same to of the said figurys I will he graven
lie on my grave, the which stone, with these ix verses following," &c. If he
the portraiture and writings to be the was buried at Theydon Gernon, Essex,
order and value of xx. s. or there- ' the figure of our Lady with her Child
abouts." — Test. Vetusta, p. 495. sittyng on a sterr' was to be substituted
y " I will that if I decesse within for that of the Deity, some shields were
the citie of London, that within three to be added, and tlie scrolls and inscr.
yeers following, myn executors doo were to be different. Test Vetusta, p,
make in the walle nere unto my grave, 510. He was buried in St. Michael's,
a littell tumbe of freestone, upon the Cornhill, London, but his tomb has
which I will be spent liii.s. iv. d. at the long been defaced. Weever, Fun. Mon.,
moost, and in the face of this tombe, I p. 416.
will be made in too plates of laten ii l See inscr. Nos. 400 and 403.

Xxii ' GENERAL ARRANGEMENT OF FIGURES.
changes. The unvarying particulars will first be considered: but
before doing so there are a few remarks to be made on the general
design and arrangements of the parts.
When it is remembered that stone effigies in relief were in general
use before the employment of brasses, and that the latter were in
deed imitations of the former on a flat surface, a general resemblance
between these two classes of memorials would be expected; and
such is the case : the early brasses also, as might be anticipated, are
most like their predecessors. The figures on the earher brasses
are usually represented in a recumbent posture, with their heads
resting on cushions or helmets, and their feet on lions, dogs, &c.
On those of later date a standing or kneeling attitude prevailed.
The hands are commonly raised in the posture of devotion, often
bear various emblems, and are sometimes crossed over the breast,
especially in foreign examples, as at St. Alban's and Wensley. Eng
lish specimens with the hands crossed occur at Fulbourn, Cambridge
shire, c. 1470; Sotherley, 1479, (No. 179 ;) and on shroud brasses.
Occasionally the husband holds the hand of his wife, as at Berk-
hampstead, Herts, 1356 ; Chrishall, Essex, c. 1370 ; Southacre, 1384,
(No. 136;) Draycot Cerne, Wilts, c. 1400; Dartmouth, 1403,
(No. 147;) Herne, Kent, c. 1420; Trotton, Sussex, 1424; Wilms-
low, 1460 ; St. Sepulchre's, Northampton, 1640, (Nos. 173, 413 a.)
The effigies of the husband and wife are usually of the same size,
or nearly so ; an exception occurs at Edenhall, Cumberland, 1458.
The wife is generally placed on the left hand of her husband, but
in many instances the post of honour is assigned to her ; the reason
of the difference is not apparent.
The figures of Priests are at once recognised by the tonsure, except
where the head is covered by a scull-cap. Of course they are gene
rally single figures, but in a few instances they are represented with
their parents, as at Luton, Beds, c. 1425 ; Sudborough, Northants,
c. 1430; Metton, Suffolk, c. 1430; South Creak, Norfolk, 1509;
or other relations, as at Dronfield, Derbyshire, 1399, (two brothers,)
and perhaps at Shottesbrooke, c. 1370, (No. 20;) and in one case
with a wife, Winwick, (No. 416.)
Half-length figures are of common occurrence, especially on early
brasses. Until about the middle of the fifteenth century the person
* Cotman has engraved a brass at Cathedral, (matrix of a Knt. and Lady
St. John Baptist's, Berstreet, Norwich, near the Altar,) were similar instances.
to John Brown and sister, 1597, whose The same posture is observable in the
hands arc joined. The fine brasses stoneeffigiesatWarwickofSirThos.de
formerly at Ingham, Norfolk, to Sir Beauchamp and Lady, 1370; atWim-
Miles Stapleton and Lady, 1365, en- borne Minster of John, Duke of Somer-
graved hy Cotman, and at Rochester set and Lady, 1414 &c

ECCLESIASTICAL DRESSES. EUCIIARISTICAL VESTMENTS. Xxiii
was invariably represented on English brasses as living and in proper
costume. After that period they often appear in shrouds, as emaci
ated figures or skeletons.
A general likeness is observable, throughout the whole period dur
ing which brasses were in use, between the costume of civilians and
ladies : the fashion of both sexes appears to have followed one type,
which may be traced in some cases even in armed figures, especially
those of the fourteenth century. At first sight a doubt might be
entertained as to the sex of some persons represented in the six
teenth century.

Of the various costumes delineated on brasses, the most important,
as well as the least varying, are the vestments worn by ecclesiastics
of our Church before the Reformation. It was the rule of the Church
to bury ecclesiastics in the full dress, and with all the ornaments, of
their orders; their effigies therefore exactly represent their costume.
These vestments will be next considered in order, so far as they are
related to the subject of this volume. As a matter of convenience,
although not of strictly correct division, they will be here arranged
into three classes, 1. Eucharistical vestments; 2. Processional; 3.
Academical. During the first five centuries
the ecclesiastic vestments were the
same as the ordinary dresses of
laymen. After this the laity in the
west adopted the short dress of
their barbaric conquerors, while
the clergy retained their former
long robes ; but they were strictly
forbidden to wear in public the
same vestments in which they offi
ciated. I. The vestments worn by the
Priest while celebrating the holy
Eucharist were identical with those
of the Bishops and Abbots up to
a certain point, beyond which addi
tional ones were worn by the two
latter. Those which were common
to all will be first described : they
are the amice, albe, maniple, stole,
and chasuble, which were put on

quiobut^mmotfttewnliB ffibutaxtttaitovi

A. Apparel of the Amice.
B. Stole
C. Maniple.

D. Chasuble,
E. Albe, with apparel at the
feet.

Heory Denton, Priest, 1493.
No. 43.

Higham Ferrers.

xxiv EUCHARISTICAL VESTMENTS. AMICE, ALBE.
in the above order b, and a short prayer was said as each was as
sumed °.
1. The Amice (amictus) was an oblong piece of linen with an ap
parel4 sewed on to one of its edges. It had two strings fixed to the
two corners of this apparelled side, and was put on from behind,
placed for a moment on the head, the strings brought round in the
front of the neck, passed under the arms, behind the back, and tied
on the breast. It then covered the neck, or might be drawn up
over the head like a hood. On brasses it is always represented fall
ing upon the shoulders e, with the apparel encircling the neck: the
apparel therefore has often been mistaken for the collar of the cha
suble. It was gradually introduced during the seventh and eighth
centuries, and is said to be derived from the ephod, (epomis,) which
name it sometimes bore, as well as superhumerale or humerale, and
anabolagium, (di/a/3a\Xo/iai.) It was considered to symbolize the hel
met of salvation, and from its surrounding the throat, the restraint of
speech f .
2. The Albe (alba, camisiag, -^iraviov) was a long close linen vest
ment, usually white, reaching down to the feet, (hence its names
talaris, woSijpj/s,) and with tight sleeves. To the cuffs and the lower
edge of the skirt in front apparels were always sewed. Such is the
Albe on brasses ; but originally it was an ample vestment with one or
b In some foreign Churches, as at broidery ; hence phrygio, an embroi-
Milan, Lyons, and perhaps in Eng- derer in gold, &c. The orphrey often
land, this order was different, the stole represented Saints under canopies, ini-
being sometimes put on before the ma- tials of the wearer, the armorial bear-
niple. It must be borne in mind also ings of the donors, &c. No coats of
that the same names were given to dif- arms appear on orphreys on brasses,
ferent vestments. but may be seen on the stone effigy of
c These prayers and the addresses of a Priest, fifteenth century, at Beverley
Bishops at ordination, embody some of Minster.
the symbolical meanings sanctioned e On the stone effigy in low relief of
by our Church, and therefore are the fourteenth cent, of St. Iestin at
here given from Maskell's Auc. Lit. Llaniestin, Anglesea, the amice is
of Eng. Ch., (2nd ed. p. 188, printed drawn over the head, and the apparel
from a MS. Pontifical of the Sarum encircles the face. It is engraved in
use in Camb. Univ. Libr.) and Mon. the Archaeol. Cainbr. ii. p. 324.
Rit, vol. iii. They agree for the most f " § Ad amictum imponendum capiti
part with those of the foreign Churches, suo. Spiritus Sanctus superveniet in
(see Martene de Eccl. Rit. 1. i. c. iv. me, et virtus Altissimi obumbrabit ca-
art. 7, and Le Brun. Expl. i. p. 37 put meuin." Pont. Sar. "Amictus
seq.) quo collum undique cingimus." " Per
d Parura, paratura, paramentumjiom amictum intelligimus custodiam vo-
parare to ornament, was an embroidered cis." Amalar. ii. 17, in Hittorp. de
borderoftenworkedwithgold,silver,and Div. Off., p. Ib8.
jewels, sewed on to the different vest- s "Camisise nomenhuic Tunics tri-
ments. It is chiefly used of the amice buerunt Veteres quia similis est Tunicae
and albe, the more general expression lineae interiori, qua in catnis, sive lectis
being orphrey, (Gall, orfroy ; Lat. au- utimur ; strata enim humiliora, et ter-
rifrigia, aurifrisia,) from aurum Phry- rae propiora Grosci appellant camas."
gium ; the Phrygians being, according Krazer de Liturg., p. 2S9.
to Pliny, (viii. 48,) the inventors of em-

EUCHARISTICAL VESTMENTS. MANIPLE, STOLE. XXV
more scarlet stripes in front, sometimes made of silk, and ornamented
with fringes of gold, &c.
The Albe was confined round the waist by the Girdle, (cingulum,
C<i>vt), baltheus,) which in early times was flat like a belt, and much
ornamented, but afterwards became a cord.
Mention of the Albe occurs in the decrees of the fourth Cone, of
Carthage, 398b; and it was originally worn by all orders of eccle
siastics as their ordinary dress. When angels are represented on
brasses they are clothed in the amice and albe'.
3. The Maniple (fanori**, manipulus, httfua/iiuiav) was originally
a narrow piece of linen hung over the left fore-arm, and used for
wiping the forehead and face ; hence its names mappula and suda
rium. Some time after the ninth century it was decorated with
fringes at the ends, embroidered in colours and gold, and made of
silk and rich stuffs : all which rendered it unfit for its proper use.
It is mentioned in the letters of St. Gregory the Great, c. 600 :
and in the eighth and ninth century it was a regular vestment of the
Church. 4. The Stole (stola, orarium) was a long narrow band or scarf of
embroidered silk or rich materials with fringed extremities. It was
hung over the nape of the neck : its ends were then crossed on the
breast, confined to the waist by being placed under the girdle, and
hung down low on each side. It was usually worn under the
chasuble, which hid all but its fringed extremities.
The origin of the Stole, and the meaning of its names, are some
what obscure. It was called orarium until the eighth or ninth
century, and most writers consider that it was at first a linen napkin
or scarf for wiping the face (ab ore tergendo) ; others think that it was
so called from ora, the border of a garment, because it was an ancient
custom to fix handkerchiefs to some border of the robes, or that, from
being a robe with stripes, it was afterwards so reduced in size that
the stripes only were retained. Others derive orarium from orare,
because it was worn during times of prayer. It formed however a
part of the ordinary dress of Priests.

h Mansi, tom. iii. p. 953. Germ., hence the Eng. vane.
i " § Ad album. Miserere mei, " § Ad fanonem. Indue me, Pater
Deus, miserere mei: et munda me a clementissime, novum hominem, de-
reatibus cunctis, et cum illis qui deal- posito veteri cum actibus suis, qui se-
baverunt stolas suas in sanguine Agni cundum Deum creatus est in justitia et
mereamur perfrui gaudiis perpetuis." sanctitate veritatis."
" § Ad xonam. Prascinge me, Do- " Accipe manipulum in mambus
mine, zona justitise, et constringe in me tuis, ad extergendas sordes cordis et
dilectionem Dei et proximi." corporis." Martene, quoted by Mas-
* Fana, Goth, et Ang. Sax., pannus, keil, iii. p. 183, (from MS. Pontifical
linteum, vexillum. (Lye in voc.) fahne, —to Sub-deacone.)

XXVI

EUCHARISTICAL VESTMENTS. CHASUBLE.

In the Greek Church the Stole of the Priest was called kmTpaxn-
Xiov, that of the Deacon apapiov. Bishops did not cross the stole
on the breast : by the Priest it was worn over both shoulders, but
by the Deacon over the left only, to leave his right hand at
liberty1. The Council of Laodicea, A. D. 364, forbad its use to
Sub-deaconsm. 5. The Chasuble or Chesible (easula, pla-
neta'") was put on over all the Eucharistical
vestments, and was worn only at the celebration
of the holy Eucharist. It was at first made
of wool, sometimes of silk, and its original
form was circular ; but on brasses it assumes
that of a Vesica Piscis, or pointed oval. It had
an aperture in the centre for the head, but none
for the arms : so that when these were raised
it fell over them in folds before and behind.
The older Chasubles were very long and ample,
but the sides, being a hindrance to the free
use of the arms, were first turned up, and then
curtailed : this change was made before A.D.
570. The Chasuble was ornamented with or
phreys, which were placed either round the
edges, or down the front and back in a straight
line, or both. The early orphrey has the form
of a pall, and was like it called superhumerale.
Besides the orphreys, a profusion of ornament
of gold, silver, &c, was often bestowed upon
the Chasuble itself, as painted stone effigies,
ancient inventories, &c, testify. These enrich
ments were gradually multiplied so as to render
it very cumbrous, and make it necessary to slit up its sides. On
brasses the chasubles are entire, and quite plain except the orphreys ;

&JU.

A Prlest.c. 1370. Crondall,
Bants

1 These rules do not seem to be in
variable. In Carter's account of Eccl.
Costume (in Fosbrooke's Brit. Mon.)
there are engraved figures of two
Bishops in copes, with crossed stoles ;
one of them, of foreign execution, is
from a bench-end in Barnack Church,
Northants, and is also engraved in
Carter's Ant Sculpt, and Paint., pl. 79.
No English brass of a Deacon remains,
but the figure of St. Laurence in Dea
con's vestments on a brass at Harrow
(No. 63) has the stole over both shoul
ders ; the same also appears (?) on
some French incised slabs of Deacons.

™ Krazer, p. 301.
" Accipe jugum Domini : jugum
enim Ejus suave est, et onus Ejus leve.
Stola innocentiae induat te Dominus."
Ordin. of Priest, Maskell, vol. iii. pp.
208, and 198, note 61.
u " Quia facile collo circumagi po-
terat, banc Vestem Planetam nuncu-
parunt Graeci, quae vox vagum aliquid
et errans significat. Latitii vero illam
Casulam, et barbare Casubulam vel Ca-
sibulam appellarunt, quia, ut Isidorus
1. 19. Orig. t. 24, scribit, instar parvce
casa a collo ad pedes usque totum tegebat
hominem." Krazer, pp. 308, 309.

EPISCOPAL VESTMENTS. BUSKINS, SANDALS, &C. XXVii
in a few cases they are seen ornamented, as Bishop Bell, 1496,
Carlisle Cathedral0.
The Chasuble is supposed to be derived from the Roman psenula ;
in the Greek Church it is called <pevu>\iov, <pe\6vtop, &c. It was esta
blished as a priestly vestment before 474, as we learn from the will
of Perpetuus, Bishop of Tours p. The fourth Council of Toledo 9,
633, directs that ecclesiastics unjustly deprived be not restored " nisi
gradus amissos recipiant coram altario de manu episcoporum, si epi-
scopus est, orarium, annulum, et baculum : si presbyter, orarium et
planetam : si diaconus, orarium et albam." It was essentially a priestly
and Eucharistical vestment, but its use was conceded at certain sea
sons to Deacons and Sub-deacons while assisting at the Altar1.
In addition to the foregoing vestments, Bishops and mitred Abbots
are represented on brasses, (see the frontispiece,) with the buskins,
sandals, tunic, dalmatic, gloves, ring, mitre, and pastoral staff s.
The first of these which were put on were the Buskins, (caligts,)
stockings of linen or silk of various colours reaching up to the knee,
and there fastened.
The Sandals (sandalia, compagi) were worn in early times by
Bishops, and afterwards their use was granted to the other orders
of the clergy, as to Deacons before the time of Gregory the
Great, c. 600. In process of time the Bishops only retained them.
They had strings, and were often richly ornamented with jewels,
stripes, &c. According to Innocent III. they were typical of the
preparation of the Gospel of peace4.
After the amice, albe, and stole, the Bishop put on the Tunic or
Tunicle, which was a close linen robe, with narrow sleeves, reaching
below the knees, and often with a fringed border below. It was
of very early use in the Greek Church. The Tunic, with the
maniple, was also the proper dress of the Sub-deacon u.
The Dalmatic, (dalmatica, o-roixapiov,) which was next put on, was
° Also on part of the figure of an s In the tenth century the Popes
Abbot, c. 1500, the reverse of a palimp- granted the use of Episcopal vestments
sest brass at Burwell, Camb., and on to many Abbots. The mitre was con-
the brass of Bp. Fitzhugh, 1435, for- ceded to a few in the eleventh, and
merly in Old St. Paul's, engraved by became common among them in the
Dugdale. The French incised slabs following century. Abbots had an
exhibit richly ornamented chasubles. original right to the pastoral staff.
P " Et Amalario Preshytero, Casulam ' " Per Caligas signifieatur rectitudo
unamcommunemdeserico." D'Achery gressus. Per Sandalia, quae pedes te-
Spicil. ed. 1723, tom. iii. p. 303. gunt,contemptusterrenorum." Thomas
i Can. xxviii. Mansi, tom. x. p. 627. Aquinas cited by Krazer, p. 321.
r "Accipe vestem sacerdotalem, per » " § Ad tunicam. Indue me, Domine,
quam caritas intelligitur: potens est vestimento salutis, et indumento lastitiae
enim Deus augere tibi caritatem, et circumda me semper." Mask. Anc.
opus perfectum." Ordin. of Priest, Lit. The tunic does not appear in the
Maskell, iii. p. 209. figure of Bp. Trellick.

XXviii EPISCOPAL VESTMENTS. DALMATIC, GLOVES, RING, &C.
very similar to the tunic, and sometimes called by the same name.
The Dalmatic was rather shorter, had larger sleeves, and was par
tially slit up at each side, with fringe along the edges. It was often
richly embroidered, as on the brass of Bishop Goodrich, Ely, 1554,
(see also Nos. 10, 11,) and of different colours, but usually white,
with two or more purple or scarlet stripes in front and behind.
These ornaments are not visible on English brasses, but may be seen
in the incised slabs of Deacons in France.
The Dalmatic was so called from being originally used in Dalma-
tia. It appears to have been worn by prelates as early as the fourth
century x, and subsequently to have been "conferred on particular
clergy, as a mark of distinction, by several Popes ; especially to the
Roman Deacons by Pope Sylvester II., who died 1003. Soon after
this time we find it used universally by that order of clergy, who
in early times wore the colobium, (koXo/3os, curtailed,) which was
similar to the Dalmatic, but with short sleeves. The ancient Dalmatic
was white, in the tenth century it varied, in the twelfth and subse
quent centuries it followed the colour of the chasuble?.
The Gloves (chirothecte, manualia, manica) were in the early
ages of leather, but afterwards usually of white netted silk, with
gold, jewels, and other ornaments on the backs. They were used
anciently by Priests also. After the eighth century Bishops always
wore themz.
The Ring {annulus) was worn by Bishops from a very early period.
In the seventh century its use was ancient. " Episcopo, cum con-
secratur, datur Annulus propter signum pontificalis honoris, vel sig-
naculum secretorum3." It was usually of pure gold, set with a jewel,
and placed on the middle finger of the right hand, with a guard ring
over it, and one of the fingers of the glove was cut away in order to
shew it. In the figures of Bishops Stanley and Young (Nos. 10, 1 1)
rings are represented on all the fingers of both hands0.
The Bishop having put on the chasuble and maniple, the Mitre
(mitra) was then placed on his head, and from it depended behind
vittee or infulce, two narrow strips of silk or other rich material with
fringed extremities. They may be seen on the brasses of Abp.
Grenefeld, 1315, York Cathedral; Bp. Bowthe, 1478, East Horsley,
" St. Cyprian, just before his mar- p. 321.
tyrdom " cum se Dalmatica exspoli- n Isid. Hisp. Off. Eccl. i. 5. See also
asset, et Diaconibus tradidisset, in linea the deer, of Cone. Tolet. iv. supra p.
stetit." Ruinart, Acta Martyrum, foi. xxvii. n. q.
1713, p. 218. ij "Accipe annulum fidei scilicet
' " § Ad dahnaticam. Da mihi, signaculum, quatenus Dei sponsam,
Domine, sensum et vocem, ut possim sanctam Dei videlicet ecclesiam, in-
cautaro laudein tuam ad banc missam." temerata fide omatus, illibate custo-
' ' Per Chirothecas significatur eau- dias." Consecr. Episcop. Maskell, iii.
tela in opere.' Tho. Aquin. Krazer, p. 274.

EPISCOPAL VESTMENTS. MITRE, PASTORAL STAFF. XXIX
(No. 8;) and Abp. Harsnet, 1631, Chigwell, Essex. The date of
the introduction of Mitres has been much disputed. The double-
pointed Mitre does not appear to have been used till the eleventh
century, before which a raised cap, closed at the top, was for a long
time worn by some Bishops. Innocent III. (1198 — 1216) describes
clearly the Mitre as afterwards used. Mitres were very low till the
fourteenth century, when they attained the perfection of their form.
They afterwards were elevated more and more, until they reached an
extravagant height0. In the eleventh and twelfth centuries the
material was linen ; afterwards silk, cloth of gold and silver, gems,
&c, were bestowed upon them. The Mitre was of three kinds, sim
plex, or plain ; auriphrygiata, or ornamented with golden orphreys ;
and pretiosa, or adorned with jewels, plates of gold, &c.a
The Pastoral staff (baculus pastoralis, cambutta, ferula, pedum)
was lastly received by the Bishop. Its form was that of a shepherd's
crook, and as early as the tenth century it was often elaborately
ornamented with enamelling, figures of saints, &c. To the knop
below the crook a scarf, called the vexillum, or banner of the cross,
was frequently attached. Pastoral staves were in use in very early
times. Gaudentius Brixiensis, 387, speaks of 'baculum correptionis.'
Isidorus Hispalensise alludes to the delivery of the staff at conse
cration as an established custom ; the early form, however, is un
certain. They were held in the left hand, or between the left arm
and the body, and the benediction was given with the right : this is
the usual attitude on brassesf. Abbots have heen said to hold the
crook turned inwards, to signify that their jurisdiction was confined
to their monasteries : but this distinction appears never to have been
observed in effigies ; and as a constrained attitude was avoided as much
as possible, the crook is usually represented as turned outwards,
which is the position into which it would naturally fall when held over
the shoulder, slanting outwards. In depriving an ecclesiastic, the
Bishop took off his vestments with the pointed end of his staffs.
c The mitres of Bishops Pursglove, rum de thesauro suo nova profert, et
1579, Tideswell, Derbyshire, and Bell, Vetera." Innocent III. i. xliv., quoted
1556, formerly in St. James', Clerken- by Maskell, ubi sup.
well, are unusually depressed. e Loc, cit. p. xxviii. n. a.
d " Deus qui mitrae pontificals ho- ' According to the Sarum Pontifical,
nore te voluit insignire clementer an- the Bishop in benedictions held the
nuat, ut quae per mitrae cornua figu- staff " curvatura bacnli ad populum
rantur, ad tutelam et salutem animae conversa, cujus contrarium faciant
fortiter et prudenter corde tractes et ministri tenendo baculum vel por-
ore." Consecr. Episc. Maskell, iii. tando." — Maskell, Anc. Lit., p. 185.
p. 275. — " duo cornua, duo sunt testa- » Maskell, iii. p. 324. " Accipe ba-
menta, duaa fimbriae spiritus, et litera : culum pastoralis officii : et sis in corri-
circulus aureus, qui anteriorem et pos- gendis vitiis pie saeviens, judicium sine
teriorem partem complectitur, indicat, ira tenens, in fovendis virtutibus audi-
quod omnis scriba doctus in regno ccelo- torum animos demukens, in tranquilli-

XXX

INSIGNIA OF ARCHBISHOPS. CROSIER, PALL.

The Crosier and the Pall were peculiar to Archbishops. The
former was a staff ending in a cross or crucifix, instead of a crook.
The Pall (pallium) was a narrow band of white lamb's wool of
three fingers breadth, consisting of a circle thrown over the should
ers, to which two other bands of the same material and breadth were
attached, which hung down before and behind, in the shape of the
letter Y : these were kept in their place by small plummets of lead
fastened to their extremities. It was adorned with purple or black
crosses of silk, and originally fastened to the chasuble by three gold
pins. The Pall, like the orarium, appears anciently to have formed
part of a large garment, for the old pallium was a long rich robe of
state, worn by Roman emperors, and identical with the Greek apo-
(poptov. The Pall of Gregory I. was a long band " ex bysso can-
dente,'' which hung from the right shoulder in a circular form in front
of the breast, and was then turned over the left shoulder, with the
end hanging behind. These early Palls were double on the left side,
and single on the right. This form, which was
preserved to the twelfth century11, then under
went a considerable change to its established
shape, which is still retained in the arms of the
see of Canterbury. It was customary for the
Pall to be laid on St. Peter's chair before its
delivery by the Pope to the metropolitans ; upon
whose decease it was buried with them i.

tate severitatis censuram non deserens."
Consecr. Episcop. ibid., p. 272.
" Designantur per baculum ea quae
his versibus comprehenduntur :
In baculi forma, Praesul datur haec
tibi norma.
Attrahe per primum, medio rege,
punge per imum,
Attrahe peccantes, rege justos, punge
vagantes ;
Attrahe, sustenta, stimula, vaga, mor-
bida, lenta."
Spelm. Gloss, voc. "Ferula." Com
pare the past, staff of Bp. Robinson,
Append. A, p. 182. On the brass figure
of Francis Halle Abp. of Narbonne,
1451 (?), formerly in Notre Dame at
Paris, both the pastoral staff and crosier
were represented.
h Krazer, p. 356.
1 " Accipe pallium summi sacerdotii
Domini Dei tui signum, per quod un-
dique vallatus atque munitus, valeas
hostis humani tentamentis resistere, et
omnes insidias ejus a penetralibus cor
dis tui, divino munimine fultus, pro-
cul abjicere : prsestante Domino nostro,

See of Canterbury, imp.
Cbichely.
Jesu Christo, qui vivit et regnat Deus,
per omnia ssecula saeculorum. Amen."
De Pallio Archiepiscopi, Maskell, iii.
p. 300. See the very interesting note
on this.
"Pallium significat disciplinam, quia
seipsos et subditos Archiepiscopi de-
bent regere." Spelm. Gloss, voc. ' Pal
lium,' where many minute particulars
and typical meanings may be seen.
The pall must be carefully distin
guished from the pallium-shaped or
phreys mentioned at p. xxvi., also from
the cope, which was sometimes called
by the same name.
The following is a list of the brasses
in England, of Bishops and Abbots in
the vestments that have been described.
1315. Wm. Grenefeld, Abp., York
Cathedral, (mutilated.)
1397. Robert de Waldeby, Abp. of
York, Westminster Abbey, (No. 5.)
1417. Thomas Cranley, Abp. of
Dublin, New College Chapel, Oxford,
(No. 7.)
1360. John Trellick, Bp., Hereford
Cathedral, (frontispiece.)

ROYAL VESTMENTS. PROCESSIONAL VESTMENTS. SURPLICE. XXXi
" As Kings by their coronation are admitted into a sacred as well
as a civil character, the former of these is particularly manifested
in the investiture with clerical garments*." In this country they
are, 1. the dalmatic, or open pall; 2. the supertunica, or surcoat,
with 3. the belt; 4. the stole; 5. the colobium sindonis, a surplice
without sleeves ; and 6. the caligse or sandals. Besides these, in
early times, the " Rex electus" entered the Church, clothed in a
" vestis" or " camisia ;" and after the colobium sindonis, an amice
was placed upon his head.
II. The Processional or Canonical vestments were the surplice,
(under which the cassock is generally visible,) the almuce, and the
cope. They are to be met with almost exclusively on the brasses of
members of collegiate bodies, in which processions would be more
frequent. Bishops and Abbots are rarely represented in them ;
perhaps the three following instances only occur : Samuel Harsnet,
Abp. of York, 1631; Richard Bewfforeste, c. 1510, Dorchester,
(No. 74, see next page,) and Richard Norton, 1509, South Creak,
Norfolk, both Abbots1.
1. The Surplice (superpellicium) was an enlargement of the albe,

1375. Robert Wyvill,Bp., Salisbury
Cathedral, (No. 2.)
1395. John de Waltham, Bp. of Salis
bury, Westminster Abbey, (No. 3.)
1478. John Bowthe, Bp. of Exeter,
East Horsley, Surrey, (No. 8.)
1496. Richard Bell, Bp., Carlisle
Cathedral, (with triple canopy.)
1515. James Stanley, Bp. of Ely,
Manchester Cathedral, (No. 10.)
1526. John Young, Titular Bp.,
New Coll. Chapel, Oxford, (No. 11.)
1554. Thomas Goodrich, Bp., Ely
Cathedral. 1556. John Bell, Bp. of Worcester,
from St James', Clerkenwell, in the
possession of J. B. Nichols, Esq.
1579. Robt. Pursglove, Suffragan
Bp. of Hull, Tideswell, Derbyshire.
c. 1360. Thos. de la Mare, Abbot,
St. Alban's Abbey, (No. 4.)
c. 1400. Mutilated figure, Abbot,
St. Alban's Abbey, (No. 6.)
1498. John Estney, Abbot, West
minster Abbey, (No. 9.)
c. 1500. Part of the figure of an
Abbot, on the reverse of a ' palimpsest,'
Burwell, Cambridgeshire.
At Wenden Lofts, Essex, one of the
sons on the brass of Wm. Lucas and
wife, c. 1420, in Episcopal vestments,
is supposed by Mr. Manning to com

memorate John Lucas, who died Abbot
of Waltham in 1475. See also No, 1.
In Stukeley's Itin. Curiosum, 1776,
p. 92. pl. 16, is an engraving of the
brass of Bp. Wm. Smith, co-founder
of Brasennose College, 1513, formerly
in Lincoln Cathedral; the stole and
tunic are omitted in the figure, owing
perhaps to the inaccuracy of the origi
nal drawing by Browne Willis.
k The Glory of Regality, by Arthur
Taylor^ F.S.A., 8vo. Lond. 1820, p. 80.
The anointing of kings and their inves
titure in ' Bysshopps gere,' did not give
them any power to discharge any of the
priestly functions, but only made them
'spiritualis jurisdictionis capaces,' as
is expressed in our laws, (Selden's
Titles of Hon.) See Taylor, pp. 36,
264. 1 The outer habit of Bewfforeste is
probably a monk's cloak. It is curious
that the brass of Bp. John White, in
Winchester Coll. Chapel, represents
him in a cope ; but we know that this
was laid down during the time that he
was Warden of the College, before his
consecration. It would appear from
the brass of John Martock (of Merton
Coll.?), Physician, 1503, Banwell,
Somerset, that these vestments were
not confined to ecclesiastics.

xxxn

PROCESSIONAL VESTMENTS. ALMUCE, COPE.

but without apparels or girdle. It
had very deep sleeves, was frequently
plaited, and was not open in front, as
in modern times. In brasses it gene
rally reaches to the ancles, but in early
examples it covers the feet. The name
Surplice, derived from its being placed
over the pelliceum, or tunic of fur worn
chiefly in the northern countries, is
first met with in England in the
eleventh century; but a similar white
vestment was worn by all orders of
ecclesiastics, under different names,
from very early times.
2. The Almuce or Amess (almutium)
was usually a hood of grey fur, ori
ginally of a similar shape to the stole,
worn like it, and on occasions of need
thrown over the head. It appears to
have been introduced about the thir
teenth century, and in the fifteenth
a cape and pendants were added to it.
The Almuce is generally represented
on brasses by a white metal engraved
in imitation of fur. In the French
incised slabs of canons habited in cha
subles, copes, &c, a similar hood is
found, either drawn over the head, with
the ends hanging down behind, or hung
over the left arm.
3. The Cope, (cappa, pluviale,) which
was put on over the surplice and
almuce, was semicircular, with an or
phrey along the straight edge, worn
like a cloak, and fastened across the
chest with a morse or brooch. Behind,
a hood (Caputium) was attached, which
after the fourteenth century became
a mere ornamental appendage, the
almuce probably superseding its usem.
This hood is rarely visible on brasses,
except those of which the figures are turned
sideways, as at All Souls' Coll. (No. 69.) It

P8fl WStftt WtiA flQoV"

Abbot, c. 1510. Dorchester, Oxon.

Robert I_.ond.uD, PrieBt in cope, 1416.
Chartham, Kent

PROCESSIONAL VESTMENTS. CASSOCK. Xxxiii
The Cope was worn in solemn processions, at vespers, benedictions,
by the assistant clergy during mass", &c. It was the most richly
ornamented of all the Sacerdotal vestments, being frequently covered
with gold embroidery, &c, and its orphreys enriched with figures of
Saints, monograms, jewels, &c. On brasses, however, the Cope, with
the exception of its orphreys, and occasionally a border round the
bottom, was usually left plain ; but it is sometimes richly diapered,
as at Knebworth, Herts, 1414; Winchester College, 1450, and c.
1525; Balsham, Camb., 1462; Beeford, Yorks, 1472; Queen's
College, and Dowdeswell, c. 1520 (Nos. 77, 78) ; Hereford Cathe
dral, 1529, and on some fine brasses formerly in Old St. Paul's
Cathedral, engravings of which are given by Dugdale. The morse
(morsus) was ornamented with busts of Saints, the owner's arms,
monograms, &c.
The Cope derived its name from the hood (cappa or capa) which
anciently covered the head. It is mentioned in the sixth cent, as
casula processoria, and cucullata, and was soon afterwards called
pluviale; all which names seem to point out its origin as coeval
with the use of litanies at Rome, in which Copes were worn as a
defence against the weather. 'Pluviale' was at first applied only to
the processional Cope, which was not so rich as that worn in the
choir. The name of the corresponding vestment used in the Greek
Church is Mandyas.
Doctors and professors wore a round cap, in addition to the fore
going vestments.
The Cassock (camisia vestis) was an under-garment of various
colours, reaching to the ground, with close sleeves. It formed the
ordinary dress of the clergy, and may be seen on a small figure,
c. 1480, at Cirencester. A hood with or without a cape was usually
worn in addition, examples of which are to be found at Upper
Hardres, Kent, 1405; Apsley Guise, Beds, c. 1410; Quainton,
Bucks, 1 422, all kneeling figures ; and at St. Martin Outwich, Lon
don, 1482°. In later brasses instead of the hood and cape, a kind
of short scarf was thrown over the shoulders, and affixed by a rosette
to the front of one of them ; instances occur at Cley and East Rain-
ham, Norfolk, 1429 and 1522; Shorwell, Isle of Wight, 1518;
may be just seen on brasses at Wat- that although Priests are very corn-
ton, Herts, c. 1 370 ; Shitlington, Beds, monly represented holding the chalice,
1485; and Dorchester, c. 1510, (No. when in the chasuble, &c, and even in
74.) None of these figures have or- academical vestments, (Nos. 100, 115,)
phreys to the copes j the same de- yet one instance only is known (Buck-
ficiency occurs on a'brass at Bampton, land, Herts,) in which a Priest holds
Oxon, 1500. it, vested in the cope.
" It is perhaps worthy of remark, ° See also Nos. 85, 95, 104, 105,
f

XXXIV PROCESSIONAL VESTMENTS. OMISSION OF COPE.

. IVOTHORP 10S7. OH. OB. OilEKD.ilL, OXFOKD.

VARIETIES IN ETJCH. AND PROCESS. DRESSES XXXV
Laycock (No. 196), and at Northleach and Southacre, c. 1530 and
1534 (Nos. 117 and 118P.)
The Eucharistical and processional vestments were usually worn in
the order described ; on a few brasses, however, they are represented
differently, the reason of which is not in all cases very obvious.
Deviations in the wearing of the Eucharistical vestments are such
as the following :
The tunic is very often omitted on effigies of Bishops and Abbots,
especially on those of early date. . Instances on brasses are at Here
ford, East Horsley, and Tideswell. In the figure of Bp. Goodrich,
at Ely, the stole is placed between the tunic and dalmatic.
John Erton, 1503, at Newnton, Wilts, wears the maniple over the
right wrist ; in the figures of Bishops Young and Pursglove it disap
pears altogether. On brasses at Newton Bromshold, Northants,
1426, and Blockley, Worcestershire, c. 1500, the stole is omitted ;
on others neither stole nor maniple are to be found, as at Wring-
stead, Norfolk, 1485; West Lynn, 1503, (No. 46,) and Sawston
Camb., 15229.
In the processional vestments the surplice and almuce were very
frequently worn without the cope. This appears upon brasses chiefly
of the sixteenth cent., as in a figure under the seats at Christ Church,
Oxford, (see the annexed engraving). Perhaps the omission of the
cope was optional, or at the particular season during which the Priest
died, it might have been customary not to wear it *.
In the brasses at They don Gernon, Essex, 1452 ; Temple
p The same dress is found also on c. 1420. Thos. Plymmyswode,
brasses of civilians, as at North Creak, Bampton, Oxon. (demi-figure.)
Norfolk, c. 1480; and West Chal- 1487. Son of John Lambard, Hinx-
font (?) Bucks, u. 1500. worth, Herts.
i Cotman has engraved another ex- 1501. Thos. Parker, Dean, Beds.
ample, John Althorpe, 1531, Brisley, 1508. Robt. Sheffelde, Chartham,
Norfolk. Kent.
r See Ducange, Gloss, voc. Almu- c. 1510 Ed. Sheffeld, Canon of
ciiuii. " Statuia Ecclesiifi Viennensis Lichfield, Luton, Beds.
apud Joan. Le Lievre, cap. 26, de Ca- 1515. John Fyners, Archdeacon,
nonicis. A festo S. Martini usque ad Bury St. Edmund's.
Pascha portabunt capas nigras supra 1515? Henry Bost? Provost, Eton
pellicium, et a Pascha usque ad festum College.
omnium SS. portabunt iuperpellicium 1518. John Aberfeld, Great Cres-
sine capa, et in capite capellum de griso, singham, Norfolk.
quern vulgariter Almuciam vocant." 1527. Geoff! Fyche, ) St. Patrick's,
The following is a list of some of 1528. Robt. Sutton, j Dublin.
these brasses. 1528. Provost Hacombleyn, King's
1413. John Morys ? Warden, Win- Coll., Cambridge.
Chester College. , 1532. John Moore, Sibson, Leices-
1418. Wm. Tannere, Cobham, Kent, tershire.
(demi-figure, almuce fastened by a See also Nos. 106, 108, 110, 113.
morse.)

XXXVI

ACADEMICAL DRESSES. DOCTORS.

Church, Bristol, c. 1460; and All Saints', Stamford, Lincoln, 1508,
the almuce is omitted ; and in those at Upwell, Norfolk, 1428 ;
Buckland, Herts, 1478 ; and St. Margaret's, Rochester, 1465, (No.
70,) the amice supplies its place. On the reverse of the last-named
brass, the almuce is represented ; hence it would appear that there
was good reason for the alteration.
Sometimes the cope was worn over the Eucharistic vestments, in
stead of the chasuble ; so that the opening of the cope in front
made the crossing of the stole visible. Four examples only have
as yet been noticed, at Horsham, Sussex, 1411; Winchester
College, (a demi-figure, much worn,) 1432 ; Sudborough, Northants,
c. 1430; and Upwell, Norfolk, 1435.
In Winchester College Chapel and Cloisters are demi-figures
(1445, 1494), vested in amices, albes, and copes, which dress also
appears on a Priest at Beeford, Yorks, 1472. It is probable that
where the cope is represented, and the almuce omitted, the wearer
was not entitled to the latter ; thus at Winchester, the privilege of
wearing the almuce might have been confined to the wardens, since
the brasses of the fellows are all without it.

III. Priests in Academical habits,
though common in the College Chapels
of the Universities, are rarely to be
met with in parigh Churches. In at
tempting to discriminate between the
dresses of the different Academical de
grees, a difficulty arises from the ab
sence of colour ; which would be the
only criterion of distinct habits, when
their forms are similar. The following
must therefore be regarded as a very
imperfect sketch of the distinctive
dresses of the various degrees.
Doctors or Professors in the faculties
pf Divinity and Law, wore a similar
dress ; which consisted of a round
cap, a cassock with fur cuffs, a long
gown (rochets ?) with an aperture in
front for the arms, and over this a

Dr. Baob.ard Billiogford. Master of
C. C. ColL, St Beliefs, Cambridge.

s The rochet, so called from the rochet was not used in Italy till the
Germ, roclt, was a diminution of the fourteenth century, before which time
albe; either without sleeves altogether it was called in that country, alba Ro
ot with tight sleeves, in order to adapt mana, or camisia Romana.
it better to ordinary use. The name

ACADEMICAL DRESSES. MASTERS AND BACHELORS. XXXVli

large hood lined with fur, from which the present academical hood
originated. Examples occur at St. Benet's, Cambridge, 1442, and
at King's College in the same city, Dr. William Towne, Provost,
1496 ; at St. Martin's Outwich, London, John Breux ? 1459 (c.
1500?), and New College, Oxford, 1441, 1468, (Nos. 88, 94.)
The dress of the Bachelor of Divinity may be seen on the brasses
of John Bloxham, c. 1420, Mertoh College, (No. 85,) and John
Darley, c. 1.450, Heme, Kent. It consists of a cassock, hood and
cape or tippet', and a rochet (?) with two slits for the passage of the
arms. The brass of John Lowthe, 1427 (No. 86), " Juris civilis pro-.
fessor," represents him habited like the foregoing, but wearing also
a cap, and two long labels hanging from behind his tippet (?) . A
figure in some respects similar exists at Trinity Hall Chapel, Cam
bridge, c. 1530, but it is without the cap. Bryan Rods, L.L.D.,
1529, Childrey, Berks, is in a dress somewhat like the former, (No.
86,) but without the rochet.
It appears then from the above instances, that as a general rule
the higher degrees were distinguished by the cap and rochet, worn
either together or separately.

The next class of dresses are those of the Masters and Bachelors
of Arts ; these appear, judging from a few examples remaining, to
have heen worn interchangeably; in the. majority of instances, how
ever, the two degrees are thus distinguished :'
In the fifteenth century Bachelors
of Arts and Scholars of Divinity wore
a cassock ; over it a shorter gown
with loose sleeves lined with fur,
reaching to the elbows, and falling in
a point behind ; a cape or tippet edged
with fur, and a hood. This dress ap
pears to have been worn in the thir
teenth and fourteenth centuries, with
out the cape by ordinary persons, and
also with it by Graduates, as by Mas
ters of Arts ; for example a demi-figure,
1445, in Merton College (No. 89 u.)
The dress of the Master of Arts, after the middle of the fifteenth
cent., consisted apparently of a cassock, over it a shorter gown, sleeve-

Prieat, c. 1480. Magdalen Coll.
Cbapel, Oxford, No 103 .

1 The cape or tippet and the hood, " See the figure of a M.A., 1376,
were often merely different parts of the engraved by Montfaucon, Mon. Franc,
same article of dress. vol. iii. pl. 17, p. 68.

XXXV111

DRESSES OF RELIGIOUS ORDERS. MONKS.

less (?), a tippet with two short labels
of furx, hanging down behind, and a
hood. But the brass of John Baratte,
at Winchester College, who was only
B.A., seems to exhibit this dress.
The Academical habit of the Bache
lor of Civil Law, was the same as that
of the Bachelor of Arts. Thomas
Rolf, Professor of Law, 1440, Gosfield,
Essex, wears also a coif and a pair of
bands. There is the brass of a Stu
dent of Civil Law in All Souls' College i^«.M.4.(« ium. Magadan cou.
° Chapel, Oxford. No 101.
Chapel, (No. 112.)
At Headbourn Worthy, Hants, is a small brass to John Kent,
Scholar of Winchester College, c. 1460, representing him in a long
gown with full sleeves close at the wrists. The figure of John Stonor,
1512, Wyrardisbury, Bucks, exhibits the dress of an Eton scholar;
which consisted of a cap or hood, a long gown, girded, faced with
fur, having tight sleeves, and fastened at the right side?.
A brief notice of the dresses worn by members of religious orders
will suffice.
The brasses of Abbots have been already described. Those of
Monks are very rare, owing doubtless to the rules of poverty by
which their orders were bound. Their usual habit was a black vest
ment, shaped like a surplice, with a large hood or cowl ; examples of
which may be seen on fine brasses at Cottingham, Yorks, 1382,
(Austin Canon ;) Cowfold, Sussex, 1433, (Cluniac Prior, No. 87 ;)
St. Lawrence's, Norwich, 1437, and St. Alban's, 1443 — 1521*,

1 It is difficult to determine accu
rately what these were. The figures
at Ewelme, and Merton Coll., (Nos.
114, 115,) and of Walter Charyls, (see
No. 103,) present a combination of the
dresses of the M.A. and B.A.
y The Academical habits of the Uni
versity of Oxford have, for the last two
hundred years, retained their forms
unaltered. They appear to be of two
classes, ecclesiastical and civil. The
former, worn by Graduates in Divinity
and Arts, and by Members on the
foundation, have loose sleeves, are
destitute of collars, and resemble the
more ancient dresses. On the other
hand the gowns of Graduates in Law
and the other faculties, and of under

graduates (not on the foundation) have
falling collars, closer sleeves, (which in
the latter instance have dwindled down
into mere strips,) and clearly derive
their origin from the ordinary dress of
Civilians of the sixteenth and seven
teenth centuries ; a description of which
is given below.
* The eldest son on the brass of John
Hampton and wife, 1556, Minchin-
hampton, Gloucestershire, is dressed
as a Monk. At Sawtrey All Saints',
Hunts, is a demi-figure of a Monk,
holding a flagellarium, with his cowl
drawn over his head. Figures of
Priests resembling Monks, occur at
Northleach and Southacre, (Nos. 117,
US.)

ABBESSES, NUNS. JUDICIAL AND LEGAL ROBES. XXxix

(Benedictines.) John Stodeley, Canon of St. Frideswide's, Oxford,
1515, at Overwinchendon, Bucks*, wears the habit of Canons of
St. Austin, which consisted of a black cassock, over which was a
white rochet, (represented by lead inlaid,) with close sleeves and
girded, and a black cloak and hood.
, Two brasses only of Abbesses are known : one at Elstow, Beds,
to Elizabeth Hervey, and the other at Denham, Bucks, to Agnes
Jordan, Abbess of Syonb, both c. 1530. Their dress, which was the
ordinary mourning habit, consists of a long gown, a mantle or cloak,
a barbe or chin cloth, and a veil head-dress ; the effigy at Elstow has
a pastoral staff on the right arm. Figures of Nuns in similar attire
may be seen at Frenze, Norfolk, to Joan Braham, widow, ' deo di-
cata,' 1519; Shalston, Bucks, 1540; and among the children on
brasses at Dagenham, Essex, 1479, and Minchinhampton, Glouces
tershire, 1556. At Isleworth, Middx., is a small brass commemo
rative of Margt. Dely, 1561, "A Syster professed yn Syon," a
Brigittine nunnery of which she was treasurer ; this figure is
without the mantle.
The description of the vestments worn by
Ecclesiastics of our Church after the Reforma
tion, will be deferred until the general notice
of the brasses of the sixteenth century.

The robes of the Judges, Barons of the Ex
chequer, and other law officers, are next
in order to be described ; they consisted of
a coifc or close scull-cap, a long robe with
narrow sleeves, a hood, a tippet, and a mantle
buttoned on the right shoulder. The two last
were lined with minever. Serjeants at law were
not allowed to wear the mantle nor minever, but
lambs' wool instead of fur, and to their hoods
two labels were attached a. Their dress may
be seen on brasses at St. Mary Redcliff, Bris
tol, 1522, (No. 333;) Cople (?) Beds.c. 1390;
Whaddon, Bucks, 1519; and without the cape
at Harefield, Middx., 1544. John Edward,
1461, Rodmarton, Gloucestershire, "famosus

Sir Hugh de Holes. Justice of
the King's Bench, 1416, Wat.
ford, Herts0.

a Engraved in Waller's Brasses,
pt. xiii.
b Ibid., pt. xv. There are matrices
of the brasses of Abbesses at Minster,
Isle of Thanet (crosses), and at Wim-
borne Minster.

0 As judges were originally Ecclesi
astics, the coif was worn by them to
cover the tonsure.
d Chauncy's Herts, p. 76.
' The marg. inscr. now lost, is in
part preserved by Weever, Fun. Mon.,

xl DEVICES ACCESSORY TO THE FIGURES. CANOPIES.
apprenticius in lege peritus," wears simply a round cap, in addition
to his ordinary habit.
Before quitting the subject of the Ecclesiastical and judicial vest
ments, the following brasses, which are partly connected with them,
deserve to be pointed out. At Winwick, Lancashire, Sir Peter Legh,
1527, (No. 416,) who, on the death of his wife, relinquished his
knightly calling for the Priestly office, is represented wearing a cha
suble over his armour. A somewhat similar practice was adopted by
Knights, who held some civil office. Thus William Yelverton, Judge,
c. 1470, Rougham, Norfolk, and Sir Wm. Harper, Alderman, 1573,
Bedford, (No. 230,) wear their official robes in addition to their
armour f.

Such are the particulars requiring notice with respect to the
figures delineated on brasses : next to which the accessorial devices
claim attention. Of these the most prominent and beautiful are the
canopies, which derive their origin from the horizontal canopies
placed round the sculptured effigies of the thirteenth and fourteenth
centuries. The canopies over single figures have sometimes one
pediment and sometimes three ; and in a few instances, two figures
are beneath a canopy with a single pediment : as in the brasses for
merly at Ingham, Norfolk, to Miles Stapleton and wife, 1365 ; and
Merton College Chapel, to Thomas Harper and Ralph Hamsterley,
p. 591. 3|{c facet 1§ugo t(e ^oles miles, lady, Middleton, Warwickshire.
SuaticlartuB ISarut IRegfs tempore regnt 1479. Sir Thos. Urswyk and lady,
 obijt'&nrt. 1415. Dagenham, Essex.
Besides the examples mentioned in 1481. Thos. Billing and wife, Wap-
the text, and those described in the penham, Northants.
Catalogue from Eyke, (No. 260,) 1491. Richd. Mareot and wife,
Graveney, (No. 264,) Bristol, (No. Sherrington, Bucks.
26.7,) Latton, (No. 277,) Aston, (No. 1494. Brian RouclyfFand wife, with
351,) Cople, (No. 352,) Narburgh, canopy, Cowthorpe, Yorks.
(No. 354,) and Noke, (No. 383,) the 1513. Wm. Sloughter and wife,
following may be added to the list of St. Mary's, Cheltenham.
brasses of Judges, &c. 1527. Robt Casteltum and wife,
1400. Sir John Cassy and lady, Long Ditton, Surrey.
with canopy, Deerhurst, Gloucester- 1553. Wm. Coke and wife, Milton,
shire. Cambridgeshire.
1419. Wm. Lodyngton, with canopy, r In the chapter on Costume in Fos-
Gunby, Lincolnshire. brooke's Brit. Mon., p. 389, is an en-
1422. Wm. Hachford, Monkleigh, graving of a stone effigy of a Knt from
Devon. Connington, Hunts, who wears a cas-
1439. John Cottesmore and wife, sock and cowl over his mail. Sir John
with canopy, (see p. xix.,) Baldwin Crosbie, 1475, is represented on his
Brightwell, Oxon. tomb at Great St. Helen's, London,
1475. Wm. Laken, nearly covered with his alderman's mantle over his
by the pulpit, Bray, Berks. plate armour.
1476. Sir Richd. Bingham and

ACCESSORY DEVICES. INSCRIPTIONS. xl]
1518. At Chrishall, Essex, the two figures of Sir John de la Pole
and ladys, with their hands joined, recline beneath a triple canopy.
On the other hand, at Haddenham, Camb., 1405, (the figure lost,)
and Sefton, Lancashire, 1528, (No. 336,) are instances of single
figures under double canopies. Over the pediment immediately
above the figure, we sometimes find a second canopy, (see frontis
piece,) consisting of an arch supporting an entablature of pierced
quatrefoils, &c. Canopies of this design occur without the pediment
in Surrey, at Lingfield, 1420, and Beddington, 1432 (No. 262.) A
row of quatrefoils is often placed also beneath the feet of the effigies.
The usual position of the Inscriptions on brasses is under the
figure ; or on the margin, surrounding the whole design ; in which
case they have usually a cross, and in a few instances a hand h, pre
fixed to them, to indicate the beginning of the legend. In a few
rare cases the inscription is over the figure. On altar-tombs marginal
inscriptions are usually inlaid in a chamfer or slanting edge of the
slab : and then, for convenience of reading, the words face from the
brass, instead of to it.
It was a frequent practice to inscribe on brasses Leonine verses1, a
corrupted form of Heroic or Elegiac verse, in which the last syllables
of the hemistychs are made to rhyme ; as in the following couplets
from Northleach, Gloucestershire, 1458, and Heme, Kent, c. 1530.
Uespue qttitf prcuwst presentis temjotfs ebttm ;
@mne quoU est, nicfjil «st, prefer amarr, Deum.
%ic chorus tntjecorus fuerat, nunc 6atiJ« Becorus ;
SnSreas is sum, qui. tfecorauit turn.
The versification is often very faulty, as the above examples shew,
and the dates are forced into the verse in a very confused mannerk.
Certain sets of verses were favourites during certain periods, the one
at Northleach1 for instance ; the principal of these will be given in
the chronological account of the inscriptions.
Barbarous and faulty however as are these verses, they are not
devoid of interest, when we consider that many of them were pro-
s Our acknowledgments are due to 1403, (No. 147.)
C. R. Manning Esq., for the names of ¦ They are said to be derived from
the individuals commemorated by this Leoninus, a monk of Marseilles, who
brass, as well as those at Wimbish, wrote some Latin poems in the early
Essex, and Tormarton, Gloucester- part of the twelfth century : they were,
shire. however, used long before his time.
h Enfield, Middx., Trinity Hall, About the end of the sixteenth century
Camb. The cross or hand is hardly they became obsolete.
ever found at the beginning of any * See Nos. 7, 178, &c.
legend that is not placed around the ' According to Weever, Fun. Mon.,
figure; two exceptions occur at Helles- p. 747, a similar inscription was to be
don, Norfolk, 1389; and Dartmouth, found at Melford, Suffolk.

xiii INSCRIPTIONS.
bably composed by the most eminent men of the period. We learn
from Weever"1 that John Whethamsted, Abbot of St. Alban's (1420
— 1460) " made certaine epitaphs" formerly in that Abbey and the
neighbouring Churches ; as at South Mimms, where there is a curious
set of verses to the memory of Thomas Frowyck and wife, 1448.
Sometimes we find the name of the writer recorded, as at Lambeth
(No. 214), Shottesbrooke (No. 358)n, and Latton, Essex (No. 277) :
of the latter, the Chantry Priest (Capellanus) was the author. It
was not uncommon for persons to write their own epitaphs, as is
seen by the brasses of John Claimond, at Corpus Christi Coll.
Oxford (No. 427), John White, Warden of Winchester Coll.0, Thos.
Nele at Cassington, OxonP, Robert Fabyan the Chronicleri, &c.
In addition to the date, the regnal year of the sovereign is often
inserted in the inscriptions of the fifteenth and following centuries' ;
when the person died upon a Saint's day or its eve, the day was
generally mentioned5 ; and sometimes the dominical letter was given,
as in the brass of John Sadler, Priest, Farringdon, Berks, who died
" ?lnno Bomint JWillestmo Cffiffiffiffib" Ittera Bomtnicali ffi.'" " One part
of the inscription was occasionally written in one language, the other
in a different one ; Norman French and Latin, Latin and English
are thus combined, and even these two last are found jumbled to
gether in the same verses".
Every opportunity of alliteration, punning, and playing upon the
sound of the words, especially the name of the deceased, was seized
upon ; as in the inscriptions to Thomas Hylle, 1468, (No. 94,) in which
is a couplet commencing, Mons in valle jacet, &c. The same prac
tice may be seen as late as 1616, in the brass of Henry Airay, at
Queen's College (App. A, p. 183.) Perhaps the most extravagant
instance to be met with is the epitaph of John Day, the printer,
"' Fun. Mon., pp. 574, 592. mund, there is an account of an occur-
n The authoress was dame Eliza- rence which happened when the Church
beth Hobby, who also wrote an epitaph of St. Mary the Virgin, Oxford, took
on Sir Thomas Hoby in Bisham Church, fire during divine service in 1536.
Berks. A lady of this name who died » See supra p. xv. Thomas Neale
in 1560, is buried at Wyrardisbury, was Hebrew Professor, and wrote a
Bucks. dialogue in Latin elegiacs, on the oc-
" One of the lines runs thus, " Scrip- casion of Queen Elizabeth's visit to
tor Johannes, Carminis ipse mei." Oxford with the Chancellor (Earl of
John White, Bishop of Winchester, Leicester), giving a description of the
preached the memorable funeral ser- Colleges, &c, with drawings of them.
mon of Queen Mary (printed in Strype, It was printed from the original MS. in
Memor., vol. iii. pt. 2,) and wrote also, the Bodleian, by Heame, with Dodwell
among others, a work in Latin verse, de Parma. Equ. &c. Oxon, 1713, 8vo.
the title of which is " Diacosio-Mar- i Supra p. xxi, note y.
tyrion, i.e. 200 virorum Testim. de ' Nos. 195, 215, 266, &c.
verit. Corp. et Sang. Christi in Eu- s Nos. 7, 26, 32, 63, &c.
charistia," &c. 4to. Lond. 1553. At ' See also Nos. 132, 143, 254, 255.

foi

82, iu ihe verses on John Clay- « See Nos. 117,203,324.

INSCRIPTIONS. CONTRACTIONS. xliii
1584, at Little Bradley, Suffolk31. The custom amounted at last to
absolute profaneness, as at Yoxford, Suffolk, 1610 (No. 402.)
The usual form of desiring the prayers of the reader was " Orate
pro anima," or " Of your charite pray for the soul of." In inscrip
tions on windows of painted glass, which were commonly erected
during the lifetime of those they commemorate, the form was very
frequently " Orate pro bono statu :" and this is sometimes found on
brasses ; as at Milton, Cambridgeshire, in behalf of Alice Coke, who
surviving her husband had a brass laid down containing figures of
both. There is a similar inscription at Newington, Kent, on the
brass of Thomas Chylton and wife, 1 501 , the former of whom, dying
first, is represented in a shroud, but his wife in her proper costume^.
Inscriptions are often met with turned upside down, which is pro
bably owing to inaccurate relaying. The clauses containing the
prayers for the soul of the deceased are sometimes found defaced,
especially in the neighbourhood of London ; and as this is generally
the case in brasses laid down a short time before the Reformation, it
is probable that such erasures were made by friends, to prevent the
entire demolition of the memorials.
The frequent Contractions used in inscriptions on brasses present
many difficulties to those who are unaccustomed to such studies :
as the present volume will probably fall into the hands of many such
persons, it has seemed desirable to add the following short expla
nation of them.
One of the most common is the omission of the letters ' m' and ¦ «,'
usually indicated by a horizontal line placed over the contiguous
vowel : e. g., (Norm. Fr. feme (femme) ; Lat. ala (anima), fjolcm
(hominem), t (in), lepju (legum), ots (omnis), quota (quondam), Sq)tJ=
litis (Septembris) ; Engl. 5 (on), suimne (sometime), gentilmg (gentle
man,) &c.
Another ordinary abbreviation is the leaving out the letter 'r' in
conjunction with the preceding or following vowel ; this is generally
shewn by an apostrophe, more rarely by a horizontal line : e. g.,
* It begins, "Here lies the Daye that 1 In Langley's Desborough, p. 456,
darknes could not blynd "  "he a curious inscription, containing the
set a Fox to wright how Martyrs runne same phraseology, is described as ex-
By death to lyfe." The concluding isting at Wooburn, Bucks. It begins,
lines are in allusion to his wife, " Pray for the soule of Margaret Awde-
"Als was the last encreaser of his lett, daughter of John Awdelett, gen-
store tilman, and for the good astate of
Who mourning long for being left William Welbik, marchaunt of the
alone staple of the towne of Caleyse unto
Sett upp this tombe her self turnd whom she shuld have been married
to a Stone." upon whose soule Jhu have mercy,"
She probablyremarried a person of the &c. 1522.
name of Stone.

xliv

CONTRACTIONS.

Norm. Fr. gee (grace), lo' (lour, leur), p' (pur pour), p'tra (priera) ;
Lat. cl'tcus (clericus), gen'osus (generosus), tjlta (gloria), IKat'ina (Kate-
rina), m'cator (mercator), mip' (nuper), proptciet' (propicietur), HUS'tus
(Robertus), s'uiens (serviens), t'ra (terra), b'mibtts (vermibus), ttx' (uxor),
&c. ; Eng. r/ep'too (departed), m'en (mercy), JW'gret (Margaret),
res'rerion (resurrection), s'geant (serjeant), s' (sir), &c, &c.
This omission of a vowel with ' r' is exceedingly common in words
whose first syllable, or first two, begin with ' p.' In the former case
a line is often drawn under the ' p,' and in the latter the two ' pp' are
conjoined thus, jp : e. g., Lat. p'ceSente (precedente), p'clarus (praecla-
rus), p'rjtctus (prsedictus), p'fatus (praefatus), p'fmor (professor), miciet'
(propicietur), giositus (prsepositus), &c. ; Eng. pTron (pardon), pson
(parson), pfslj (parish), &c.
Sometimes a vowel was written over the adjacent consonant, e. g.,
in m'c$ant (merchant), the ' a' stands quite over the following 'n,' so
in precor, pan (pray), tf' (qui), q'tJtn (quidem), qu°Bam (quondam),
Horn's, &c.
At the end of some words a consonant is in the same way placed
above, e. g., or (our), qd (quod), tocb (which), toBo* (whose), to' (wit,
with), W (your), »t (that), &c.
The terminations in ' is,' ' us,' and ' e,' are made by a single apos
trophe : e. g., mens' (mensis), pietat' (pietatis), ©ctohr' (Octobris),
Bom' (domus), et' (ejus), fat' (intus), fan' (unus) ; mtserer' (miserere),
ner' (yere), &c.
The dative and ablative cases in ' abus,' which were much used in
the middle ages, were thus contracted : atafrj (animabus), filtabj (fiha-
bus). The same mark '¦}' is used in the abbreviation of que, e. g.,
<TJ, quisq? (quisque), &c.
The contraction for the genitive plural in ' um,' is two apostrophes :
e. g., Cguor'^mar" (Quorum animarum).
Words ending cionis, cfonem, &c. z were shortened thus cots tocm :
e. g., purtficacoTs (purificationis), consolitiacoem (consolidationem).
There were several other contractions of words in frequent use,
which followed no particular rule. The chief of these are given
below.

ucficta

beneficia

unotcat

benedicat

canon

canonicus

co is coi.

communis, i.

Bei net fcr.

dictus, i, &c.

Siis Bitf IBna.

Dominus, i, «

IBs

Deus

lEcclta lEccltf, lEcce.

Ecclesia, ae.

'c' was generally use I before ' i' insteiid of* I.

CONTRACTIONS. EMBLEMS.

xiv

3Eps lEpi.
ff frls.
gta gte, gra.
ihe fhs, 3'hu fee.
iohes, 3!ohts.
ipe ipius fec.
I'ramage magvi, ml mri.
mta mta.
millmo, mullo fec.
TxTitrjusnr nit.

Episcopus, i.
frater, tris, so pater, &c.
gratia, ae.
Jesus, Jesu.
Johannes, is.
ipse, ipsius, &c.
litera
magister, tri.
misericordia, se.
millesimoNicholausnoster, tri, so vester, &c.
q' quod
p'bri presbyteri
HUBuS Radulphus
JRtCHS_ Bichardus
SCS scf. sanctus, i.
SCtif scaccarii
ScBo fee. secundo, &c.
SiBm secundum
SfS spiritus
•Mtlltus Willielmus
XpS. xpf i. e. xps" Christus, i.
Xpen Christen, Christian.
*pOta Christopher
When there was but little room, the words were often contracted
in a very arbitrary manner. In other cases two concurring letters,
which admitted of it, were conjoined like JE diphthong b ; especially
Ba, Be, and in the sixteenth and seventeenth cent. hb. In Norman
French inscriptions, the substantive and its article were generally
united, as saline, for sa alme.
In words ending in ' n,' and ' h,' a mark of contraction is frequently
added, without any apparent reason ; e. g. 3tot)fi, Cotton, TEItjaheiff, &c.

Besides the subjects upon brasses already described, we find a
variety of Emblems and Devices. They usually accompany figures,
canopies, &c. as a part of the design ; but in a few instances they
stand alone with an inscription, and constitute the entire memorial.
These devices may he divided into three classes : I. Ecclesiastical,
II. Heraldic, III. Professional, or personal devices which are not
Heraldic.

I. Ecclesiastical. These furnish many instances of the use, as
well as of the abuse, of a custom very prevalent in the middle ages,

» The XP interlaced, does not ap
pear on brasses as a sacred monogram.

b Diphthongs were not used until the
sixteenth century.

xlvi

ECCLESIASTICAL EMBLEMS. TRINITY, &C.

of embodying certain doctrines in pictures : for instance, on brasses
at S. Mary's, Oxford, and Northleach, (Nos. 110, 1 17,) the Romish
tenet of the invocation of Saints has been curiously represented. The
selection of the figures of Saints, so often found on brasses, appears
to have been made upon a varying principle ; sometimes the patron
Saint of the Church was taken, as at St. Alban's (No. 4), and
Hereford, 1529 ; sometimes that of the individual was selected ; thus
the brass of John de Waltham at Westminster, (No. 3,) contained
three figures at least of Saints who bore his own name John. Or the
Saint was chosen on whose festival or eve the person commemorated
died ; e. g., at Burford, Oxon, there were formerly the figures of the
B. V. Mary and Child on the brass of John Spycer, " qui obijt in
Vigilia Purificacionis beatissime virginis Marie c."
The following list contains the principal ecclesiastical emblems on
brasses. 1. Symbols of the Holy Trinity.;
a. The ancient verbal emblem. Ex
amples occur at St. Cross, 1382;
Cowfold, 1433 ; and Northleach, c.
1530, (Nos. 59, 87, 117.)
0. Representations of the Almighty
Father in the form of an aged Per
son, seated, and holding a crucifix,
upon which the Dove, the emblem
of the Holy Spirit, is alighting. The last is sometimes
omitted, as at Hildersham, Camb., 1408. Examples are very
numerous.
y. Three human figures. This symbol is apparently on the
brass of Dean Frowsetoure, at Hereford Cathedral*1.
2. Emblems, &c. relating to our Blessed Lord.
u. A figure of our Lord occurs on brasses at Sibson, Leicester
shire, 1532; Mereworth, Kent, 1542; Hambleden (?)
Bucks, c. 1500, and Heston, Middx., c. 1580: the two last
are demi-figures.
/3. A representation of the adoration of the shepherds, on a
small plate executed in the sixteenth century, remains at
Chobham, Surrey.
y. The instruments of the Crucifixion, the five wounds, &c. These

c The inscription also states that he
made the " rode solers" (or rood loft)
of the Church. The word " soler" sig
nifies an upper room. See Archwol.
Journ., vol. i. p. 217.

d Demi-figures of the first and
second Persons of the Holy Trinity are
of common occurrence on morses, &c.
See also No. 181.

ECCLESIASTICAL EMBLEMS. ANGELS, SAINTS. xlvii
may be seen on shields in brasses at St. Cross, (No. 59);
Snodland, and Cobham, 1506, both in Kent ; Edgmond,
Shropshire, c. 1525, and King's Coll., Camb., 1528. At
Kympton, Hants, on the brass of Robert Thornburgh, 1522,
is a small cross bearing the five wounds ; a similar device is
held by two ecclesiastics in New Coll. Chapel, (Nos. 94,
97,) in these instances the crosses are T shaped, and one
of them is without the wounds. Crosses were frequently
used as the sole or main device on brasses ; of these we
shall have occasion to speak more particularly hereafter.
8. Representations of the Resurrection. Examples are at Great
Coates, Lincolnshire ; Swansea, Glamorganshire e ; All Hal
low's Barking, London; Macclesfield, Cheshire; and Nar-
burgh, Norfolk, (Nos. 313, 354,) all of the sixteenth century.
e. The Holy Lamb with cross and banner occurs at Merton
Coll. Chapel, (No. 85,) and in the head of pastoral staves,
(See Nos. 1, 2. 3.)
f. The Pelican in her piety is the finial of the canopy of a fine
brass at Warbleton, Sussex.
n. The Sacred Monogram flf or tf)§, i. e. 'IH[20Y]2, is fre
quently met with on the orphreys and morses of copes,
Eucharistical wafers, &c.
3. Angels and Seraphim with six wings, as on the fine brasses
at Balsham, Camb. Ministering Angels are often found sup
porting the pillows beneath the head of effigies of the fourteenth
and early part of the fifteenth century ; e.g., on the Flemish brasses,
and those at Rothwell, Northants, 1361, Hever, Kent, 1419, (No.
259,) and Little Easton, Essex, 1483. They are supposed to have
reference to the Angels found sitting in the sepulchre, after our
Lord's Resurrection, (St. John xx. 12 ; St. Mark xvi. 5,) or to signify
the transmission of the soul of the deceased to Heaven.
4. Figures of Saints, often holding books in their hands, and with
their respective emblems, are common. They usually form part of
the canopies over figures, or of the ornaments of the orphreys of
copes. The following are the most frequent :
e On the brass of Sir Hugh Johnys, (properly Button), 1528, Alton Priors,
c. 1500, who was "JWatfe futtcrljt Bt Wilts, is stated to have "the Resurrec-
tfte t)0lp Septtlcrc of oure lorB ilfu CtiSt in tion" upon it. There is in the same
ffje citp of Jerusalem tf)e xfflf Bap of Church a late mural brass with a re-
¦Sugust tfje geie of OUl'e lorB goBe presentation of the final Resurrection.
JffiT.' fflffiCEffi xlj." The soldiers in The same errors have reappeared in
this interesting memorial are armed Mr. Boutell's work.
after the eastern fashion. At Childrey, Berks, two figures are
By an oversight in Mr. Manning's pourtrayed rising from their tombs.
' List,' the brass of Agnes Bulton

xlviii

ECCLESIASTICAL EMBLEMS. SAINTS, &C.

u. The blessed Virgin with the Infant, or Crucified, Saviour :
the former is commonly seen on brasses of the fifteenth
century; the latter occurs at Carshalton, Surrey, 1497; and
All Hallows' Barking, c. 1535, (No. 343.) The Annunciation
is occasionally found ; a fine example is the upper portion of
brass of John Porter, 1524f, formerly in Hereford cathe
dral : other instances are at Fovant, Wilts, (No. 105,) and
Cirencester, (the brass nearly all lost.)
/3. The Apostles, viz. St. Andrew, with a cross saltier ; St.
Bartholomew, with a knife ; St. James the Great, with a
pilgrim's staff, wallet, escallop shell, &c. ; St. James the
Less, with a fuller's bat, or a saw ; St. John, with chalice
and serpent ; St. Jude, with a boat in his hand, or a club ;
St. Matthew, with a club, carpenter's square, or money box ;
St. Matthias, with a hatchet, battle-axe, or sword ; St. Paul,
with a sword ; St. Peter with one, or two keys ; St. Philip,
with a tau cross, a double cross, or a spear ; St. Simon, with
fishes, and sometimes a saw ; St. Thomas, with an arrow, or
spear.
y. Other Saints, especially the fol
lowing : St. John Baptist, bear
ing the Holy Lamb on a book,
or his headj carried by Angels
in a charger, as at Biggleswade,
Beds, 1481 ; St. Anna instruct
ing the B. V. Mary ; St. George,
as a knight, spearing a dragon,
(see No. 151) ; St. Christopher,
carrying the Infant Saviour on
his shoulder across a river, and
leaning on a rude staff, occurs
on brasses at Morley, Derby
shire, and singly with an inscrip
tion, at Week, (No. 446.0
5. The Evangelistic Emblems. St.
Matthew, an Angel ; St. Mark, a winged
lion ; St. Luke, a winged ox ; St. John,

f This plate, which is nearly all that
isleft of the once magnificent brass of a
Priest holding a chalice, beneath a fine
canopy with Saints at the sides, is in
the possession of J. B. Nichols Esq.
Similar designs may be seen in Dug-
dale's engravings of the brasses for-

Brass of Win. Complyn and Wife, 149S,
Week . Hants.

merly in the old Cathedral of St Paul,
London. t For catalogues of the emblems of
Saints, see Archaeol. Journal, vol. i.
p. 53, Pugin's ' Glossary,' and ' Hints,'
published by the C. C. Soc.

ECCLESIASTICAL EMBLEMS. SOUL, HEARTS. xllX
an eagle, (see engraving at page lxxix.) These are usually with
scrolls, and placed at the corners of the slab, St. John at the upper
dexter, and St. Matthew at the upper sinister angle.
6. The Soul of the deceased, on brasses and incised slabs of the
fourteenth century (especially on foreign ones, and on these as late
as the sixteenth century), is often represented naked, and held in a
sheet by the Almighty Father. Examples occur over all the figures
of the canopied Flemish bras'ses in England of the fourteenth and
fifteenth centuries, and at Higham Ferrers, 1337, (No. 15) ; Elsing,
Norfolk, 1347; and Balsham, Camb., 1401. In the two last in
stances, it is being conveyed upwards by two angels : and this
device, with the addition of an inscription only, forms the memorial
of Walter Beauchamp, c. 1430, Checkendon, Oxonh.
7. 'Hearts are usually on brasses before the Reformation, and held
in the hands : as at Buslingthorp, c. 1310, and Broughton, c. 1370,
Lincolnshire ; Aldborough, c. 1360', and Brandsburton, 1397,
Yorks; Sheldwich, Kent, 1431; and Great Ormsby, Norfolk, c.
1440. They are sometimes inscribed with .Ptcrcn or 3Jl)u Jfitercn, as
at Graveney, 1436 ; Stifford, c. 1840; Sawbridgeworth, 1484; (Nos.
264, 418, 419) • or represented bleeding, as at St. Alban's, Robert
Beauner, monk, c. 1.470, from whose mouth a scroll issues, inscribed
" CCor munBum nea in me Bens." The passage from Job xix. 25, 26, is
frequently found in connexion with the heart, the latter being inscribed
"ffireBo," and the scrolls, usually three in number, continuing the text,
" qnoB IReBemptor metis," &c. Good examples held by hands are at
Letchworth, Herts, 1475; and Chenies, Bucks, 1510; also over
figures at West Mailing, Kent, and Fawsley, (No. 205 k.) Occa
sionally the heart, scrolls, and inscription, form the entire memorial ;
as at Margate, Kent, 14331 ; Wiggenhall St. Mary, Norfolk, c.
1450; Martham, 1487; Trunch, Norfolk; and Higham Ferrers,
Northants. Sometimes the heart is held by two hands issuing from
clouds ; as at Elmstead, Essex, (and Nos. 443, 444.) It is said that
such memorials indicate that the deceased was enabled to perform a
vow which he had made ; but more probably they are intended to

h The same emblem is found on Hitchenden, Bucks, held in the hands
stone effigies, as at Ely Cathedral on of the figure.
the monument of a Bp. formerly in St. ' Engraved among the description
Mary's Church, (engraved in Specimens of Knights of the fourteenth century.
of Anc. Ch. Plate, Sepulchral Crosses, k See also No. 265.
&c, Oxford, 4to. 1843); on canopies ' Engraved at the end of this In-
of tombs at Beverley Minster, and troduction. The inscr. runs thus:
Southfleet, Kent, (both mutilated) ; at 3§ic facet BnS tjhomas SmBtft cponBS
the heads ofBp.Northwold, Ely Cathe- btcarf istf ecclte qui Outfit t'cto Bte
dral, 1254; and Aymer de Valence, ©ctoMs %¦> Bin JrW" fflfflffiffl0 XXXtij0
Westm. Abbey, 1323 : perhaps also at cui' ate jptdet'Beus ?lmen.

1

ECCLESIASTICAL EMBLEMS. FYLFOT, ROSES, DEATH.

1

— | r-i

i

~i P"

L_

L,

embody the ancient invitatory " Sursum corda," and to indicate a
firm trust in the promises of Godm.
8. The Fylfot, a kind of cross potent re
bated, was of oriental origin, and used as the
symbol of a religious sect in India and China
as early as the tenth century before the Chris
tian era". It is found on runic obelisks at
Carew and Nevern0, and was a frequent orna
ment of the apparels of ecclesiastical vest
ments, belts, &c. in the thirteenth and four
teenth centuries ; after which date it is very rarely to be met with.
An instance as late as 1454 is at Chartham, Kent, (No. 68,) and it
also ornamented the amice of Abbot Stoke, 1451, at St. Alban's
Abbey p.
9. Roses were also used as religious emblems. Two are men
tioned by Gough i ; one in Edlesborough Church, (now removed to
Pitson Church,) Bucks, is the memorial of John Killyngworth, 1412 ;
the other (of the plate of which he gives an actual impression) was
beneath a Priest at St. Peter's, near St. Alban's. Both these have
this inscription engraved upon them, " lEcce, quoB cxpenfli fjabm, quoB
Bonatri habeo, quoB negabi puniot, quoB serbabt perBtBi.". That at St. Alban's
has also an English translation1. The connexion between the rose
and its inscription is not very clear. In the canopy of the brass of
Abbot Kirton, 1460, at Westminster, (now lost,) was a rose in
scribed JMarfa : its centre bore the monogram iffc with a crown over
it, and round it were the words " Sis rosa flos florum mortis meBictna
teorums." The rose is here evidently an emblem of the Blessed Virgin,
and it may have some allusion to the rose of Jericho or St. Mary, or
to the Christmas rose.
10. Figures of Death, usually with his darts pointed at his victim,
are to be found on some brasses of the sixteenth and seventeenth
centuries; as at Hunsdon, 1591; Harlow, 1602 (Nos. 378,391);

m The heart was often interred in a
different Church from that in which
the body was buried. This is pro
bably the case at Saltwood, Kent,
(No. 445.)
° Waller's Brasses, pt. x.
» Engraved in the Archseol. Journ.,
vol. iii. p. 71.
P The head, now lost, is engraved in
Gough, Sep. Mon., vol. ii. pl. Ixi. p.
168. i Ibid., vol. ii. pt. i. pp. cccvii,
cccxxxv. ' Divested of its contractions, it

runs thus :
Xo all rhat efjer I spent, tljat some=
tfine IjaB I ;
•ail that 3E gabc in gooB intent, (fiat
noin banc 3; ;
?P;at E neber gabe, nor lent, that noto
aim I ;
®fint I kept till E ment, tf>at lost I.
The same inscr. is on a brass as late
as 1584, at St. Olave's, Hart Street,
London. ¦ Engraved hy Gough, vol. ii. part
iii. p. 210.

HERALDIC DEVICES. ARMS, CRESTS, &C. li
Broughton Gifford, Wilts, 1 620. An early instance is at Biggles
wade, Beds, 1487. Sculls and cross bones, as emblems of mortality',
were introduced about the same time.
II. Heraldic. The armorial bearings of the deceased are on
shields, either let into the corners of the slab, or suspended on the
canopy : or on the dresses of the figures, and sometimes on the
pommel of the knight's sword. When their proper colours were
given, which was generally the case, Or was represented by the
brass being left projecting, and probably gilt ; Argent and Ermine
by a white mixed metal, and the other tinctures by coloured resin
ous compositions". These were melted and poured into cavities
in the brass prepared by hatching or scoring for their reception.
Few traces of the colouring matter now remain, owing to the expan
sion and contraction of the brass, and defacement by footsteps. Mural
brasses, and those on altar tombs, from their colouring material
being less hable to injury, afford the most numerous instances of
this kind of decoration. Examples occur at Broxbourne, 1473, and
Standon, 1477, Herts; Lambourne, Berks, c. 1480; Sprowston,
Norfolk, 1559, (No. 221,) &c.
Ladies often bore their husbands' arms on their mantles or cloaks,
and their own on their kirtles or gowns, but more frequently their
own on the sinister side of the mantle, their husbands' bearings oc
cupying the dexter.
Crests within wreaths on the helmets beneath the head of knights
are common. They are also occasionally placed beneath the feet.
Mottoes are rarely met with on brasses : instances occur at Great
Tew, c. 1410, (No. 152,) and Broxbourne, Herts, 1531.
Canting or allusive arms are very common, as might be expected
from the fondness for punning in the middle ages ; a practice which
has been noticed in the account of the inscriptions on brasses.
It was customary for those who had held office under the sove
reign, or were in his favour and confidence, to adopt the royal arms
or badges on their tombs x ; it may not therefore be irrelevant to the
subject before us, to notice briefly some examples which are to be
found on brasses.
Edward the Third was the first English monarch who introduced
1 On a brass to Johanna Strode, kind of pitch, to bring out the design.
1649, from  , the figure of the hus- Pitch or mastic was also used for
band is in the act of attempting to fastening them to their slabs.
arrest the fatal stroke. This design is * e. g. at Deerhurst, Gloucester-
common on foreign monuments, shire, 1400; Twickenham, Middx.,
¦ In some early brasses enamel was (Rich. Burton, royal cook,) 1443;
used ; see supra, p. vii. All the incised Sawbridgeworth, 1433, 1484, (Nos.
lines of brasses were filled up with a 163, 41!).)

Iii HERALDIC DEVICES. ROYAL ARMS AND BADGES.
the quartering of arms. He bore gules, three lions passant guardant,
or, England ; quartering azure, semee of fleur-de-lys or, France. His
figure on the brass at Elsing, Norfolk, 1347, exhibits these arms?.
Richard the Second bore the same arms, impaled occasionally with
those of St. Edward the Confessor; azure, a cross fleury within an orle
of martlets, or. These arms may be seen on the brasses of Abp.
Waldeby, 1397 (No. 5); and Sir Simon de Felbrigge, 1413, Felbrigg,
Norfolk. On the latter brass, the white hart, the badge of Rich. II.,
also occurs ; and it still remains on the fragment of the brass of
Sir John Golafr6, 1396, at Westminster Abbey.
In the first half of the fifteenth century the Collar of SS. frequently
appears on the monuments of distinguished persons of both sexes2.
The origin and meaning of this device are very obscure. It was a
badge of the house of Lancaster, and Henry IV. was the first sove
reign who granted it to the nobility. It is found on the figure of
Sir Thomas Burton, 1381 ; but the execution of this brass is of later
datea. The wearing of this collar was restricted, in the reign of
Henry VIII., to persons who were not below the grade of knight.
It is rarely, if ever, found on brasses so late as this sovereign.
Henry V. was the first of our kings who bore France modern;
azure, three fleur-de-lys or ; the number of fleur-de-lys having been
reduced by Charles VI. of France.
The Collar of suns and roses, the badge of Edward IV., occurs on
brasses of knights at Broxbourne, Herts, 1473 ; Rougham, Norfolk,
c. 1470; St. Alban's, 1480 (No. 180) ; Little Easton, Essex, 1483, &c.
The Portcullis, a Tudor badge, is attached to the collar of a knight,
1528, at Hutton, near Weston, Somerset.
Besides the above collars, others of a more simple kind were worn.
Those represented on brasses, are usually either plain, or ornamented
with stars, quatrefoils, &c, as at Taplow, Bucks, 1455. In the six
teenth century chain collars were used by every officer of the royal
household, who in virtue of his office ranked as an Esquire. The
figures of Robert Rochester, Serjeant of the pantry, 1514, Great
St. Helen's, London, and William Thinne, 1546, All Hallows' Bark
ing, (No. 217,) are thus adorned. On brasses however these collars
are not always added. On those of the reign of Henry VIII. gold
chains are often worn round the neck. The wearing of them was
limited to those who could afford to spend £200 a yearb.
y They are also on the brass of John and Middle Claydon, Bucks.
Sleford (1401, Balsham, Camb.) im- z It is worn by Lady Delamare,
paling Heinault for Queen Philippa, 1435, at Hereford Cathedral, but not
to whom Sleford was chaplain. It by her husband. See also No. 150.
was a common practice for Priests to * See p. xv.
have the arms of tlieir patrons on b Cotman, Norf. Br., p. xvii'.
their brasses', as at Flamstead, Herts;

HERALDIC DEVICES. ARMS OF COMPANIES. liti
Four examples only of brasses of knights of the order of the
Garter remain: Sir Simon de Felbrigge, 1413, Felbrigg, Norfolk,
and Sir Thomas Camoys, 1424, Trotton, Sussex, who wear the
garter simply; Henry Bourchier Earl of Essex, 1483, Little Easton,
Essex, who has also the mantle, and Sir Thomas BuUen, 1538,
Hever, (No. 2 1 2,) who is attired in the full insignia of the order.
Members of the various merchant-companies and guilds have the
arms of their respective societies on their brasses ; and they often
bore them quartered with their merchants' marks, practices which
were viewed with much jealousy by the heralds. To complete this
part of the subject, it is necessary to give the names of the chief
companies and their armorial bearings.
The Merchants of the Staple of Calais, the most important company
of foreign merchants, were incorporated by Edward III. after the cap
ture of Calais. Their arms were, barry nebulee of six argent and
azure, on a chief gules, a lion passant guardant, or. Examples,
Standon, Herts, 1477 ; Northleach, Gloucestershire, 1526.
The Merchant-Adventurers, or Hamburgh merchants, to whom
Edward I. granted a charter in 1296, were next in importance.
They bore barry nebulee of six argent and azure, a chief quarterly
gules and or, on the first and fourth quarters, a lion passant guard
ant of ;the fourth ; on the second and third, two roses of the third,
barbed vert. There were several other merchant companies but their
arms are hardly ever to be met with on brasses0. It may be noticed
however, that those of the later companies, of the Levant, Russia,
and East India merchants, are on the brass of John Eldred, the cele
brated navigator, 1632, at Great Saxham, Suffolk.
The arms of several of the great London companies are of frequent
occurrence on brasses : the following are the twelve which are Called
the principal,
The Mercers' Company, incorporated in 1394, was the chief. Their
arms were, gules, a demi-virgin couped below the shoulders, issuing
from clouds, all proper, vested or, crowned with an eastern crown
of the last, her hair dishevelled, and wreathed round the temples
with roses of the second, all within an orle of clouds proper. Ex
amples are very common. (See Nos. 308, 310.)
The Grocers, incorporated in 1346, had arms granted them in
1531; argent, a chevron gules, between nine cloves sable. Ex
ample, Finchley, Middx., 1610.
The Drapers, founded in 1332, were incorporated in 1364. The arms
c The brass of Drew Saunders Gent., shipfull companye of merchauntes of
1 579, at Hillingdon, Middx., designates the Estaple of England."
him as belonging to " the right wour-

liv HERALDIC DEVICES. ARMS OF LONDON COMPANIES.
granted to them in 1439, were, azure, three clouds radiated proper,
each adorned with a triple crown or. These are not unfrequent on
brasses ; instances are at Stone, Kent, 1574, and Walthamstow,
Essex, Sir Geo. Monox, Lord Mayor in 1514, who died 1543.
The Fishmongers were a very ancient body, consisting of two
companies, the Stock and the Salt fishmongers. The arms of the
former were, azure, two lucies in saltire argent, with coronets over
their mouths, or : those of the latter, azure, on a chief gules, three
pair of keys, indorsed in saltier, or : they occur at Wooburn, Bucks.
These arms were combined when the two companies were finally
united in 1534.
The Goldsmiths were also a very ancient company : they were
incorporated in 1327, and bore gules, a leopard's head or, quartered
with azure, a covered cup between two buckles of the second. These
are not unfrequently met with, as at Thorpe, Surrey, 1583 ; Datchet,
Bucks, 1593; and Ufford, 1598, (No. 432.)
The Merchant-Tailors, incorporated in 1466, and again in 1503,
bore argent, a royal tent between two parliament robes gules, lined
ermine, the tent garnished or, tent staff and pennon of the last ; on
a chief azure, a lion passant guardant or. These may be seen on a
brass at Luton, Beds, 1524.
The Skinners, incorporated in 1327, and confirmed in 1395, had
these arms : ermine, on a chief gules three princes' crowns composed
of crosses pattee and fleur-de-lys or, with caps of the first tasselled
of the third.
The Haberdashers' Company obtained its charter in 1 447- The
arms granted them in 1571 were, barry nebulee of six argent and
azure, on a bend gules a lion passant guardant. Example, Fever-
sham, Kent, 1625 ?
The Salters, chartered in 1364, were incorporated in 1530, when
they had these arms granted to them : per chevron azure and gules,
three sprinkling salts argent. They are on a brass at All Hallows'
Barking, c. 1535, (No. 343.)
The Ironmongers, incorporated in 1462, bore argent, on a chevron
gules three swivels or, (the middle one paleways, the other two with
the line of the chevron,) between three steel gads azure.
The Vintners, chartered in 1365, incorporated in 1437, bore sable,
a chevron between three tuns argent.
The Clothworkers, incorporated in 1482, confirmed in 1528, had
these arms granted to them in 1530 : sable, a chevron ermine be
tween two habicks in chief argent, and a tezel in base slipped or.
They are on a brass at Great Saxham, Suffolk.
The arms of other companies are occasionally found, as those of

ARMS OF CITIES, &C. PROFESSIONAL DEVICES.

Iv

the Brewers, (gules, on a chevron argent, between three pair of bar
ley garbs in saltier or, three tuns sable, hooped of the third,) on a
brass at All Hallows' Barking, (No. 379.)
Sometimes the arms of cities, especially those of London and
Bristol, are placed on the brasses of merchants and others who had
held civil offices in them. The latter city ranked next to London,
and had several incorporated companies : its arms are gules, a castle
on a hill by the sea side, and a stern of a ship under full sail passing
by, all proper. These may be seen on mural brasses at Waltham-
stow, Essex, 1543; Burnett, Somerset, 1575, &c.
Shields are frequently found
accompanied with an inscription
only; good examples of which
are at All Hallows' Barking,
c. 1400; and Felbrigg, Norfolk,
1411, (in a diaperd.) An early
instance of this kind is a curious
brass at Stanton Harcourt, Oxon,
consisting of a shield bearing the
arms of Harcourt and Beke dimi
diated, and let into a circular
stone about two feet in diameter.
This is supposed to commemo
rate Sir John Harcourt, 1330.

w

Shield, Stanton Harcourt, Oxon.

III. Professional, or personal devices which are not heraldic.
The most important that may be included under this head are
those which have reference to some particular incident in the life of
the person commemorated ; such as the representations on the Lynn
brasses, one of which exhibits a feast, (No. 242) ; the subject of
the other is obscure. The winning of a suit by Bishop Wyvill is
commemorated on his brass by the delineation of the objects of con
test, the castle of Sherborne and chase of de la Bere, 1375, (No. 2.)
The feat of agility exhibited by John Selwyn before Queen Eliza
beth, and pourtrayed on his brass at Walton-on- Thames, 1587, (No.
373,) and the charity of Thomas Mountague, who, on his brass at
Winkfield, Berks, 1630, is represented as giving away loaves to the
poor, are similar instances.
The figures of founders of Churches, &c, hold in their hands
Churches in miniature, as at Cobham, c. 1365, (No. 130); North
Creak, Norfolk, c. 1480 ; and Cowthorpe, Yorks, 1494. There is
d The design impressed on the cover of this volume is copied from this
brass.

lvi PROFESSIONAL DEVICES OF BISHOPS, PRIESTS, &C.

the matrix of a brass at Tormarton, Gloucestershire, to Sir John de
la Riviere, c. 1350, representing him within a floriated cross, and
holding a Church.
The memorials of Bishops and
Abbots sometimes consisted sim
ply of a pastoral staff and an in
scription, of which the tomb
stone of Abbot Sutton, now
stripped of its brass, is an in
stance. On the continent similar
examples are frequent e.
Priests sometimes hold chalices
in their hands, usually with the
Eucharistic wafer placed upright
over them (see engraving at page
xxiii.) The chalice was some
times placed beside the figure,
as at Aldbourne, Wilts, 1508,
and Blockley, Worcestershire,
1488f. In the sixteenth century
chalices were found accompanied
by an inscription only : ex
amples are frequent in Norfolk,
as at Attlebridge, Old Bucken-
ham, Catfield, North Walsham,
&c. ; at Holwell, Beds., (see also
Nos. 439 — 442.) Books were
often represented as held by
Priests, especially after the Re
formation, (see Nos. 120, 122.) Earlier examples are at Beeford,
Yorks, 1472, and Carlisle Cathedral, 1496.
Students of Law also have books in their hands : an instance is at
Iselham, Camb., 1574. Judges hold scrolls, (see Nos. 345, 351.)
Knights have no peculiar devices besides their arms, unless we are
to consider the lions and dogs beneath their feet as emblematical of
the virtues of courage, generosity, and fidelity, indispensable to then-
profession. One or two dogs are often at the feet of the lady. They
are probably intended for some favourite animal, as the name is occa-

Monumental Slab of Abbot Sutton, 1349,
Dorchester, Oxon.

0 The custom of carving chalice3,
swords, implements of work or trade
beside the crosses on the stone coffin
lids of the twelfth and two following
centuries, doubtless gave rise to their
adoption on brasses. A similar device

to that at Dorchester is on a stone
coffin lid at Flaxley Abbey, Glouces
tershire, engraved in " Specimens of
Ancient Church Plate," &c.
r See p. i, note a.

PROFESSIONAL DEVICES OF OFFICERS AND TRADESMEN. lvii
sionally inscribed " terri," e. g. at Deerhurst, Gloucestershire, 1400,
and "iafc&e," formerly on a fine brass at Ingham, Norfolk, 1438B.
Sir Simon de Felbrigge, 1413, Felbrigg, Norfolk, who was " vexil-
larius" to the King, holds a banner with the royal arms'1.
Serjeants-at-arms bore maces surmounted with crowns : an ex
ample remains at Wandsworth, Surrey, 1420. The curious figure
of John Borrell, 1531, formerly at Broxbourne, Herts, held a mace
in the hand.
Crown Keepers and Yeomen of the Guard bore crowns surmount
ing the badge of the King. Examples are, a Knight, c. 1480, (No.
183,) in private possession, bearing a crown on his left shoulder;
and Yeomen at Slapton, Bucks, 1519; Shottesbrooke, Berks, 1567,
(No. 358j); East Wickham, Kent, 1568; and Winkfield, Berks,
1630 : the last figure holds a halberd.
Woolmen and their wives have often woolpacks beneath their
feetk, and sometimes a sheep in addition ; as on the brasses at
Northleach, Gloucestershire. William Scors, tailor, in the same
Church, stands on a pair of shears. Another example may be seen
in a mural brass at Cirencester ; in which Church also are fine, but
much mutilated figures of a merchant and wife, c. 1400, with wine
casks beneath their feet. Notaries have pencases and inkhorns sus
pended at their girdles. Two instances are at Ipswich, c. 1475, and
I506k, (Nos. 283, 310); others are at Great Chart, Kent, c. 1470;
Holm Hale, Norfolk, 1490; and New College Chapel, Oxford, c.
1510, (No. 320.) At Fletching, Sussex, a pair of gloves, c. 1450,
for a glover, occur without the figure, as the only device. Thomas
Cotes, " Porter at Ascot Hall," on his brass at Wing, Bucks, has a
porter's staff and a key1.
Merchants' marks, with initials, are of frequent occurrence on
e Engraved by Cotman. An im- probably indicating that the deceased
pression of this brass is preserved in held lands by " cornage tenure."
the British Museum. Perhaps these Chauncy (Hist, of Herts, p. 261)
examples may explain the reason of mentions a cup and a flagon on the
the introduction of horses' heads at the brass of Richd. Pynere, " quondam
feet of effigies of Knights at Minster, Botelere cum Regina Angliae," 1419,
Isle of Thanet, and at Exeter Cathe- at St. Nicholas's, Hertford. At St.
dral. Mary RedclifF, Bristol, is an incised
h Compare the brass at Ashford, stone to "Wm. Coke, "quondam ser-
Kent, (No. 245.) vitii Willfhi Canynges," with a knife
1 Engraved with the description of and skimmer cut on it. On the
Civilians of the sixteenth century. brass of John Cok, Yeoman, Wormley,
k See engravings with the descrip- Herts, c. 1480, is a plate, representing
tion of Civilians of the fifteenth cen- the coursing the hare ; and later, at
tury. St. John's, Margate, a man of war in
1 Similar examples might easily be full sail is the device of Roger Morris,
multiplied. At Bexley, Kent, is * master "of attendance of his Majesty's
hunting horn suspended round a Navy Royall," 1615.
shield ; perhaps for a hunter, or more i

Iviii REBUSES, &C. BRASSES OF THE FOURTEENTH CENTURY.
brasses, from the earliest times downwards. They present many
different forms, several of them being variations of an early device
resembling a cross with two short legs, and a streamer attached to

KT7

Merchants' Mark of John Pergett,
Chipping Norton, Oxon. 1484

Merchants' Mark of Thomas
Pownder, St. Mary's Quay,
Ipswich, 1525, No. 335.

the shaft. This sort of mark is common on the brasses of woolmen,
and was perhaps adopted by them from the cross and banner borne
by the " Agnus Dei."
Rebuses are found on brasses ; as at Boston, Lincolnshire, 1398,
peascods for Pescod; at Bray, c. 1375, (No. 135,) a fox for Foxley ;
at Broadwater, 1432, (No. 65,) M and a maple leaf for Mapilton ;
at Hitchin, Herts, 1498, two hearts for Hert ; at St. Mary's, Oxford,
1507, (No. 110,) four tuns engraved on the arms of a cross for
Croston ; at Redburn, Herts, 1512, (No. 323,) a peacock for Pecok ;
at Holwell, Beds, 1515, two woodmen for Wodehowse; at Fever-
sham, Kent, 1533, COL and a well for Colwell™, &c.
Initials are frequently inscribed, especially on the orphreys of
copes; as at Winchester College, R. T. for Robert Thurbern, 1450;
and New College, 1403, (No. 61,) and 1494. On the cope of
Thomas Pattesle, Great Shelford, Camb., 1411, the whole name was
written. Such are the principal emblems and devices found on the brasses
that are extant. It now remains to trace the successive variations
in the costume, design, and execution of brasses during the period
of their employment for monumental purposes ; an enquiry of more
interest and importance than the preceding details, but at the same
time presenting many more difficulties.

FOURTEENTH CENTURY.
Ed. I., 1272— 1307; Ed. II., 1307— 1327 ; Ed. III., 1327— 1377 ;
Rich. II., 1377—1399.
General Remarks. — The combined beauty and simplicity which
characterize the architecture of the fourteenth century, are equally
"* See also No. 77.

XIV. CENT. FLORIATED CROSSES. lix
displayed in the monumental brasses of the same date. The elegant
curvature of the lines ; the skill exhibited in the disposition of the
drapery, with its ample and graceful folds, expressed by outline with
hardly any shading ; the chasteness of ornament ; and the freedom
and boldness of execution, at once distinguish the works of the pe
riod under consideration". The metal was in thicker plates, and of
a harder kind, and the lines of the engraving were more deeply cut
than in later examples, so that memorials of this centuiy are not
unfrequently found in a much better state of preservation than those
of the sixteenth, or even the seventeenth centuries.
The imitation also of the designs of stone monuments is especially
observable in the brasses of this period : the effigies are usually of
large size, and in the attitude of repose0, with their heads resting
on cushions or helmets, and their feet on lions or dogs ; they are
often made to lean somewhat affectedly to one side. The faces have
certain characteristics distinguishing them from later examples ; the
under lines of the eyes, for instance, are straighter ; the expression
of the difference between youth and age, especially observable on the
brasses of ecclesiastics, appears to have been almost the only attempt
that was made towards representing the portrait of the deceased.
Half-length figures are common, and their use, at least in many
cases, was not influenced by motives of economy ; this is evident
from their frequent occurrence in conjunction with crosses and
canopies, (Graveney, Kent, c. 1370,) and their being placed on
altar-tombs, with richly carved stone-work over them ; as were
formerly the brasses of Bishops Bingham and York, (1246, 1256,)
at Salisbury, and Cantilupe, (1282,) at Hereford, Cathedrals.
Floriated Crosses of great beauty were much used in this century,
as the numerous matrices or indents in our Churches still attests ;
of the brasses themselves but few mutilated instances have escaped
spoliation. Like the crosses on the coffin-lids of the previous cen
turies, they formed the chief memorials of ecclesiastics and civilians
during the first half of this century ; and their destruction is the
more to be lamented, as it leaves us but comparatively few examples
of the costume of these classes, and especially of the latter, during this
period of our history. The designs usually consisted of a long stem
with leaves sprouting from it, resting on steps, or some animal,- or

11 Traces of a foreign style, as might centuries formerly at Paris, the Priests
be expected, (see supra, p. xii,) are were represented as seated, and reading
perceptible in some of the early ex- to their congregation.
amples. p These matrices are generally well
0 On some of the French incised worthy of attention, and even of copy-
slabs of the fourteenth and fifteenth ing, for the sake of the outline.

Ix XIV. CENT. FLORIATED CROSSES. BRACKET BRASSES.

Cross-br^ss of a Priest, c. 1320, Chinnor, Oxon,

religious symbol, and termi
nating above in a cross with
rich finials, and with the bust
or head of the deceased
placed over it; e. g. matrices
at Dorchester and Garsing-
ton, Oxon, &c. ; or at the
intersection of the arms, as
at Merton Coll. Chapel, c.
1311, (No. 14,) and Chin
nor, Oxon, c. 1320. Some
times the head of the cross
was a quatrefoiled circle, as
at Woodchurch, Kent, c.
1320 ; or more commonly a
series of eight ogee arches,
foliated, alternately large and small, and surrounding full or half-
length figures, of which we have examples at East Wickham, Kent,
c. 1325, (see engraving at p. lxxiv.) ; Wimbish, Essex, 1347; Merton
Coll. Chapel and Taplow, c. 1350, (Nos. 83, 240); Sparsholt, Berks,
c. 1360; Hereford Cathedral, 1384 (?) ; and St. Michael's, St. Al
ban's, c. 1 400. Latin crosses, with the extremities simply foliated, were
more rarely used in this century. Sometimes the figure of a Saint,
&c, was placed in the head of the cross, as that of St. Faith, on a
brass at Newton, Northants, to John Mulsho and wife, 1400 : the
person commemorated was then represented as kneeling, either at
the base under a small canopy, or at the side of the stem, as in the
example just mentioned, and with a scroll from his hands.
The custom of placing figures in or above the heads, and on the
transverse arms of crosses, gave rise to the use of "bracket brasses,"
in which the form of the cross was usually lost, a bracket supporting
two or more figures, generally beneath a canopy, being substituted
for it, at the top of the shaft. Examples are common after the
middle of the century, as at North Mimms, c. 1360, (No. 18) ;
Brandsburton, Yorks, 1364; and West Hamiy, Berks, c. 1370;
the stems lost0-. In cross and bracket brasses the figure must be
supposed to be standing ; but the attitude is often rendered anoma
lous by lions or dogs, (distinctive marks of recumbent posture,)
being placed beneath the feet1.
Children are rarely represented on the brasses of their parents ;
pp. Germany, where the effigies are fre
quently fixed upright against the walls,
the feet are resting on lions or dogs.

i See also the engravings at
lxiii, Ixx.
r It is remarkable however, that in

XIV. CENT. CANOPIES. DEVICES. Ixi
when they are, their figures are placed beside those of their father
or mother, and are of equal, or nearly equal, size. Examples are at
Graveney, Kent, c. 1370; and at Stoke Fleming, Devon, 1391,
John Corp and granddaughter : the latter is raised on a pedestal.
The canopies in the early part of this century are straight-sided
with large finials, crockets, and pinnacles ; frequently trefoliated,
and springing from the marginal inscription, or from slender shafts
with corbels of stiff foliage. That on the brass of Jone de Cobham,
c. 1320, Cobham, Kent, is perhaps the only existing example ; ma
trices of others of the same date are not uncommon, e. g. Waltham
Abbey, and Pebmarsh, Essex; Gorleston, Suffolk, c. 1320, &c. But
the cinquefoiled ogee form soon superseded that just described ;
the mutilated canopy at Stoke D'Abernon, 1327, (No. 128,) is the
earliest example remaining : a similar one was not long since at
Westley Waterless, Camb., 1324. Figures of saints, &c, in niches
are occasionally found, as at Higham Ferrers, 1337, (No. 15);
Elsing, Norfolk, 1347 ; and Boston, Lincolnshire, 1398, 1400, &c.
The magnificent Flemish brasses of this date are very richly orna
mented with such figures. The pediments have usually large circles
in them, and the cusps have trefoil terminations ; the spandrils are
filled with foliage, and the pinnacles are ornamented with wolves'
heads at their bases ; groining is of rare occurrence. Good speci
mens may be seen on the brass at Acton Burnell, 13825. Tracery
similar to that of the canopy of Bishop Trellick (see frontispiece')
was also a frequent ornament in the pediments of this century, good
examples of which may be seen at Fulbourn, Camb., c.*1390 ; and
Watton, Herts, 1361, 1370, &c. When the canopies are double
or triple, shafts passing between the figures usually support each
separate pediment, as on the Flemish brasses, and those at Fletching,
Sussex, c. 1395 ; Campden, 1401, (Nos. 142, 253u.) Triple cano
pies over single figures are found only at the end of the centurv ;
e. g. at Westminster Abbey, 1395, 399, (Nos. 3, 1249.)
Devices peculiar, or nearly so, to this century, are the " Fylfot,"
the representations of the transmission and repose of the soul of the
deceased31, and the placing of angels with censers in the upper cor
ners of the design, as at Elsing, Norfolk, and Horseheath, Camb.
The two last devices are characteristic of foreign monuments, and
" Engraved at p. Ixx. receastt xjje fattens." These injuries
1 This canopy is now much muti- were perhaps sustained by the brass.
lated, but was perfect in Gough's time, when the remains of the Bp. were ex-
from whose engraving the frontispiece humed in 1813. Bp. Trellick founded
has been restored. There was also the New Inn Hall, Oxford.
sinister shield, and a small portion of " See also Nos. 20, 133.
the inscription then remaining, as foi- " See supra, p. 1.
lows: "?lnurce fcsto n'uentus movie

lxii

XIV. CENT. INSCRIPTIONS.

were retained on French incised slabs long after their disappearance
on English brasses.
The earliest inscriptions are in Lombardic or Uncial characters.
They were marginal, each letter was of brass, separately inlaid in
the stone slab, and the whole inscription was enclosed in fillets of the
same metal. This method was soon abandoned, owing to the great
liability of these letters to be lost?, and the inscriptions were then
engraved on broad bands of brass, as at Stoke D'Abernon, 1327 z.
After this date, the black letter in short and thick characters, with
Lombardic capitals, became common, and the inscriptions were placed
beneath the figures, especially in smaller brasses. The inscriptions
of Priests were for the most part in Latin, the canonical lan
guage ; while those of knights and ladies were in Norman French,
which in this century was spoken at court. Both classes of inscrip
tions were extremely simple : the former, as in the following cen
turies, commencing " 3|ic facet," or more rarely " ©rate pro anima," and
concluding with " cuius amme propicietur Ileus, "amen." The Norman
French inscriptions were usually in this form :
mam Uamesene gist sen »ieu Be sa alme eft nurrtj •ami.
3£tfcf)arB Be 'SertaBone & IBeatvice sa feme gisont ten Bieu Be lo' almes tit m'cg
amen, qi p' lour almes p'eta • x ¦ aans fc . xl . fours Be parBoun aueta-.
The two last lines are more rarely found, and the duration of the
grant of pardon was various, as vingt, trois cent., or more usually
quarante jours.
The names are generally Christian names prefixed to their birth
place or residence, as Nicholas de Aumberdene, (Ambrosden, Bucks) :
the "de" was dropped at the commencement of the next century.
When the date was inserted, which was the exception rather than
the rule, it was prefaced by the French inscription " qe morrusr," or
" trepassa le — jour  Ian Be grace  .'' Owing to the shortness of
the marginal inscriptions, spaces were left between the words.
Towards the close of the century, the following verses, with trifling
variations, were introduced into inscriptions ; as on brasses at the
Temple Church, Bristol, 1396 ; Caversfield, Bucks, &c. .
1£s testis cl)iiste : quoB non facet fyic lapis Iste
Corpus ut ometut : seB sphitus ut memorctur.
T^uic tu qui trans'is, magnus, mcBitis, puev an sis :
^ro me ftmBc pteccs, Babltut micl)i sft bcnie spcs.
' Two letters only remain in Mer- Jno. de Cobham, (No. 130) ; it is also
ton Coll. Chapel. found at Stokenchurch, Oxon, 1410
» The inscr. at Trumpington, 1289, and 1415. 'rJous qi pav lei passet? pur
(No. 126,) was an early instance. lalmc Be (©vjomas Be ©flbtyam) pvicrj,
" Chinnor, Oxon, and Hellcsdon, &c, occurs at Cobham, Kent, 1367, and
Norfolk. Another form may be seen is not unfrequent elsewhere.
in the description of the brass of Sir

XIV. CENT. PRIESTS. Ixiii
At Mere, Wilts, 1398, (No. 143,) &c. :
eguisqufs erfs qui transferls, sta, perlege, plota,
Sum quoB etis, fuetam que quoB es, pro me prtcor ora.
At Fulbourn, Cambridgeshire, c. 1390 :
fTermifius hit Bonot, et sic ostenBere eonor,
figuoB sicut l>ic ponor, ponitur omnls fjonot.
These two last, and the following text from Job xix. 25, 26, were
universal favourites as late as the sixteenth century :
ffiteBo quoB veBemptor meus bib it, et in nobisstmo Bie Be tetra suttecturus
sum, et rutsus circumBabor pelle mea, et in catne mea biBebo Beum Salbatotem
meum, Scc.b
Scrolls, when they occur in this and in the beginning of the next
century, issue from the hands of the figures ; an early example is on
a matrix, c. 1320, at Wotton-Under-Edge, Gloucestershire.
Only one inscription in English has been noticed in this century ;
at Wanlip, Leicestershire, to Sir Thomas Walsh and lady, 1393.
Ecclesiastics. The Priests of this century are generally repre
sented in Eucharistic vestments ; their
brasses present these peculiarities : " Cha
subles fitting closely to the body, and evi
dently of thin materials ; drapery judici
ously arranged, and represented by a few
bold lines ; the hair long and flowing
behind the ears," (which in the earliest
brasses are large and prominent, and the
neck broad and thick,) the beard stunted
and imitated by dots, " the amice lying
loosely round the neck, and not, as in late
brasses, like a stiff collar ; the stole and
., .. iAi- j i.i A Priest, c. 1310, Grjat "Brington,
maniple wider at their ends, and the appa- Northants.No. ie.
rels at the wrists of the albe usually continued entirely round the
wrists0" in brasses in the first half of the century, in others they
are a small square placed on the upper side. The orphreys and appa
rels are embroidered with large circular, square, or lozenge-shaped
compartments, filled with flowers or foliage of corresponding shape,
leopards' faces, or the " fylfot" and similar devices. The orphreys of
the chasuble are often of the pallium shape, and, in the latter half
of the century, the tight sleeves of an under-dress reach half way
up the hands, and are buttoned underneath.
b See Nos. 6, 59, and 241.
c Manning, in Paley's Man. of Gothic Archit.

lxiv XIV. CENT. PRIESTS.
The brasses of Bp. Trellick, 1360, (frontispiece,) and of the Priests
at Chinnor, c. 1320; Brington, c. 1340; and Crondall, c. 1370d,
furnish examples of the foregoing peculiarities. The earliest brasses
of Ecclesiastics are the fine large figure of Adam de Bacon, with feet
on a lion, Oulton, Suffolk, c. 1310, the demi-figure of Richard de
Hakebourne, Merton College, c. 1311, (No. 14,) both evidently the
work of the same artist ; the small figure in a cross at Woodchurch,
Kent; the demi-figure at Kemsing, Kent, c. 1320, and the curious
brass of John de Grovehurst, under a fine canopy, Horsemonden,
Kent, c. 1340. These and the Flemish brasses, c. 1360, at St.
Alban's, North Mimms, and Wensleye, have the apparels encircling
the wristsf. In these Flemish brasses, the folds of the orphreys are
differently designed from the English examples ; in the former, the
broad lines are cut through the pattern, which is drawn entire as if
on a flat surface, in the latter the pattern gives way to the folds,
and is represented as partially concealed, which gives a superior and
more artistic effect to the composition.
It is only towards the end of the century that Priests belonging to
collegiate societies are represented in the processional vestments :
the following fine instances have been noticed : Archdeacon Rothe-
welle, Roth well, Northants, 1361 ; a Priest, with feet on a lion,
Watton, Herts, c. 1370; Adam D'Ertham, demi-figure, Arundel,
Sussex, 1382 ; all without orphreys to the cope. John de Campe-
den, St. Cross, Winchester, 1382, (No. 59) ; and William de Ful-
burne, Fulbourn, Cambridgeshire, c. 1390; both apparently en
graved by the same artists ; and Matthew Assheton, with feet on
' Engraved at pp. Ix, lxiii, xxvi. c. 1370. Mutilated figure, Fulbourn,
e See p. x. Cambridgeshire.
' Besides the above mentioned, and c. 1370. John de Alderburne, demi-
those described in the Catalogue (pp. figure, ' fylfot' on amice, &c, Lewknor,
11 — 14) from Higham Ferrers, 1337; Oxon.
Ockham, c.1360; Binfield, 1361; Shot- c. 1370. Robert Levee, demi-figure,
tesbrooke, v.. 1370; Saltwood, c. 1370; Hayes, Middx.
Northfleet, 1375, and 1391; and (c. 1380. John de Lydgate? cross
Stifford, c. 1375: the following may lost, Lydgate, Suffolk?)
be added to the list of Priests in cha- 1388. Alexander Chelseye, demi-
subles of this century: figure, ' fylfot' on maniple, &c, Chin-
u. 1320. Demi-figure, now against nor, Oxon.
the wall, Wantage, Berks. 1389. Rich.Thaseburgh, Hellesdon,
c 1340. Rich, de Belton, demi- Norfolk.
figure, Corringham, Essex. 1390. John de Swynestede, large,
c. 1360. Rich, de Herleston, in a Pitson, Bucks.
cross, Sparsholt, Berks. 1396. William Groby, demi-figure,
c. 1360. Esmound de Burnedissh, High Halstow, Kent.
fine, French inscr., Brandish, Suffolk. 1398. Roger Campedene, large
1364. Will. Darell, demi-figure, demi-figure, Stamford in the vale,
bracket lost, French inscr., Brandsbur- Berks.
ton, Yorks. 1399. Thos. and Rich. Gomfrey,
c. 1370. John Seys, fine, West worn, Dronfield, Derbyshire.
Hanny, Berks.

XIV. CENT. MILITARY BRASSES.

lxv

a dog, Shitlington, Beds, 1400. In these, as in the figures at the be
ginning of the next century, the surplice is usually long, and covers
the cassock, the almuce is without any cape, and the morse, as at
Fulbourn, is ornamented with the armorial bearings of the deceased.
Military. The earliest brasses of
Knights extant, are those of Sir John
D'Aubernoun, 1277, Stoke D'Abernon,
Surrey, (No. 125, see next page) ; Sir
Roger de Trumpington, 1289, Trump
ington, Camb., (No. 126) ; Sir Robert
de Bures, 1302, Acton, Suffolk; Sir
Robert de Setvans, 1306, (No. 127);
and two demi-figures, c. 1310, in
Lincolnshire, one at Croft, and the
other, Sir Richard de Buslingthorp,
at Buslingthorp.
All these are armed in complete
mail, without any admixture of plate-
armour, with the exception of the
poleyns, or knee-caps, of the four full-
length figures s .- the latter, except Sir
John D'Aubernoun, are cross legged.
Their suit consists of a hawberk, or
shirt of mail, reaching nearly to the
knees, slit up a short way in front,
having a hood or coif de mailles, which
wraps round the neck and head, and
fastens across the forehead with an
interlaced strap ; long sleeves terminating in mufflers, or gloves not
divided into fingers, which also are fastened round the wrists by
straps ; the thighs, legs, and feet are encased in chausses of mail,
which in the figure of Sir John D'Aubernoun appear to be of one
piece with the hawberk. The chausses were sometimes of two
pieces, and joined at the knee by garters ; but whether this is the
case here, cannot be ascertained, as the knees are protected with
poleyns. The poleyns, or genoullieres of plate, were usually much
ornamented. Around the ancles, single-pointed or "pryck" spurs
are buckled, which are secured by straps passing across the instep
and under the foot. Over the armour was worn the bliaus or sur-
coath, which was sleeveless, with a short skirt open in front, and
8 Small plates at the elbows were nated with the crusaders for the pur-
also in use. P°se of distinguishing the many differ-
i> The surcoat " seems to have origi- ent nations serving under the banner
k

A. Heaume, ot Bascinet.
B. Coifdemaillea.
C. Atlettea.
D- Hawberk.

i'. Surcoat.
F. ChansseB.
G. Poleyns.
H. Pryck spur-

Sir Roger de Trumpington, 1239.

lxvi

XIV. CENT. MILITARY BRASSES.

«B.flY»S I R 6t
El

confined round the waist by a narrow
belt or cord. The shield, which was
either large and concave to the body,
or small and heater shaped, was at
tached above the left arm by an orna
mented guige or strap passing over the
right shoulder. A large sword, with
enriched scabbard and hilt, was sus
pended from the left side by a broad
belt buckled across the hips, and hung
down in front of the legs. Such is in
general the armour on the brasses
under consideration ; the demi-figures
being similar as far as they remain
entire. But a particular examination of these
several effigies in detail, furnishes a
still more complete view of the defen
sive armour of the period. In that of
Sir Robert de Setvans, the coif de
mailles is not drawn over the head, but
lies loosely round the neck ; his mail
gloves are slipped off the hands, and
hanging down from the wrists exhibit
the ends of the sleeves of the hauke-
ton, the skirt of which may be seen
beneath that of the hawberk. The hauketon1, which was nearly
identical with the wambais or gambeson, was a tunic of leather,
buckram, &c, stuffed with wool, stitched, and put on beneath the
hawberk, to diminish the pressure of the mail, and to serve as an
additional protection. It was sometimes worn outside the mail, and
possessed the advantage over steel armour of not being liable to rust.
A similar garment, but of lighter materials, was the pourpoint (per-
punctum), but its stitching was more ornamented, and the threads
seem to have been knotted outside so as to form a kind of em
broidery. This is well exemplified in the cuisses, or thigh armour,

Six John d'Aubemouu, 12'

of the cross, and to throw a veil over
the iron armour, so apt to heat exces
sively when exposed to the direct rays
of the sun." Meyrick, Ant. Arms and
Armour, p. 86, from which work much
of the information in the text relative
to the material and names of the vari
ous pieces of armour has been derived.

For a full account of the early brasses
of Knights in this century, the reader
is referred to Messrs. Waller's beauti
ful Series of Mon. Brasses.
1 The hoketon, hoqueton, or hau-
queton, as the name was variously
spelt, is perhaps derived from the
Asiatic, & xLTt*>I,> tunica.

XIV. CENT. MILITARY BRASSES. lkvii
of Sir Robert de Bures, whose figure appears to be more beautifully
designed than the rest. To the back of the shoulders of the Knights
at Trumpington, Chartham, and Buslingthorp, are fixed ailettes, or
little wings, which were made of leather, and probably intended for
defence : they were frequently charged with the armorial bearings of
the wearer. Besides the coif de mailles, the head was further pro
tected by a cerveliere, or skull-cap, which was worn either above or
beneath the mail hood. Helmets, such as that on which the head of
Sir Roger de Trumpington reclines, were also worn throughout the
century, and were chiefly used at tournaments. They were often
ornamented with a cross in front, had slits for the eyes, and breath
ing holes, or small crosses beneath ; to a staple at the apex, a fea
ther or the lady's scarf, called the cointisse, or " kerchief of Ple-
saunce," was attached. In the example just mentioned, the helmet
is attached by a chain to the girdle, " to enable the knight to recover
it if knocked off in the fray V
If these figures be still more minutely scrutinized, it will be
seen that the mail armour is represented in different ways. The
Knights at Trumpington and Croft have that kind of mail which
was formed of rows of rings set edgeways, and overlapping each
other, each row in succession lying alternately to the left and right1.
These rings were sewed on to a strong quilted tunic, and were
therefore extremely liable to be struck off by the blow of a sword.
In the armour of the knight at Croft, interstices are left between
each row of rings, in order perhaps to render it more flexible ; this
species of defence has been termed banded ring mail. All the other
figures furnish examples of interlaced chain mail, which was usually
composed of four steel rings joining a fifth, and all fastened by
rivets ; the rings at the edges were generally of brass, and some
times ten rings interlace, and form what has been called double
chain mail. This kind of armour appears to have been introduced
into England from the East, during the crusades in the reign of
Henry III. ; on account of its greater flexibility and strength, it
eventually superseded the mail formed of rings set edgeways.
The gloves of Sir Richard de Buslingthorpe afford instances of
another kind of ancient armour, which consisted of overlapping scales

k Waller's Brasses, pt. x. The same liar style of engraving said to represent
precaution may be seen on the brasses this sort of mail, be not in many cases,
at Minster and Aveley, (Nos. 129, a conventional form of representing the
132,) where the chains are fastened on interlaced chain mail, described below.
the breast, instead of the girdle; in When the partition lines are omitted,
the latter instance the sword and there can be little doubt that this is tlie
dagger are thus secured. case.
' It is uncertain whether the pecu-

lxviii

XIV. CENT. MILITARY BRASSES.

Sin JOHN DE CKEKE.
Westley Waterless, 1327.

of plate, sewed on to an under garment. The only other examples
on brasses are on the wrists of Sir John de Northwode, c. 1330,
Minster, (No. 129,) and on the feet of Sir William Cheyne, c. 1375,
at Drayton Beauchamp, (No. 134m).
The next change in armour is exhibited by
the brasses of the reign of Edward II. , of which
the following examples only remain. Two muti
lated figures of Knights, c. 1320, of the Bacon
and Fitzralph families, at Gorleston, Suffolk, and
Pebmarsh, Essex ; Sir John de Creke, c. 1325,
Westley Waterless, Camb. ; Sir John D'Auber
noun, 1327, Stoke D'Abernon, Surrey; and Sir
John de Northwode, c. 1330, Minster, Sheppy,
(Nos. 128, 129 n). These figures shew the gradual
addition of plate armour, consisting of roundels
or circular palettes, attached to the front of the
shoulder and elbow by tags or arming points;
demi-plates strapped over the upper and fore
arms, and termed respectively " arriere-bras,"
rerebraces, or brassarts, and " avant-bras," or
vambraces. The shins were also defended by
greaves of plate called jambs, and the upper part
of the feet by sollerets, composed of overlapping
plates. The Knights at Gorleston and Pebmarsh,
the one in banded and the other in chain mail,
differ from the earlier figures in the above re
spects only. In the other three, which are in
banded mail, the sleeves of the hawberk reach
only a little below the elbows, and are slit under
neath ; the fore-arms are entirely defended by
vambraces, and the hands are bare. On the
heads of these figures are " cervelieres," ° or bas-
cinets, to which the camailv, or upper part of the hawberk which
covered the neck and shoulders, was fastened, by laces or otherwise ;
and instead of the surcoat, the cyclasi is worn, which was also

if"

A. Roundels, in the form of
linns' heads, serving ns
BpnnUcres.
B. Demi-Brass&rts over the
sleeves of the Hawherk,
with vambraces of plate
under them to protect the
fore-arms.
u. Cyelns, over the pour-
D. Coutes. or elbow-pieces,
ornamented with lious'
E. Hauketon.
F. GeoouUieres.
G. Greaves or jambs.

'" It is sufficient just to allude to
another kind of armour made of
prepared leather, and called " cuir-
bouilli": it cannot be distinguished
on brasses.
" For the peculiarities of the Minster
brass, see the description at p. 45 of the
Catalogue. ° Called by the Italians cervelliera,
from cervella, a skull.

p Two derivations have been given,
one that it is a shortened form of cap-
mail ; the other, by Sir Sam. Meyrick,
from its resembling a tippet of camel's
hair, styled by the Greeks of Constan
tinople Kap.eKavKiov.
i Called also ciglaton, siclaton. Cy-
clas seems to be a term borrowed from
the Greeks, by whom it was called kvk-
Kds, from its fitting close to the body.

XIV. CENT. MILITARY BRASSES. lxix
sleeveless, was shorter in front than behind, and laced up at the
sides of the body. In the effigies of Sir John D'Aubernoun and
Sir John de Creke, the skirt of the hawberk is pointed in front ;
beneath it the edge of the hauketon is seen, and above it that of
the pourpoint, which is studded with rosettes, and has a fringed
border1. Rowell, or wheel spurs, first appear on the brass of Sir
John de Creke.
Not long after the commencement of the reign of Edward the Third,
tYiejupon* was substituted for the cyclas. This garment, like the
cyclas, fitted close to the body, was without sleeves, and sometimes
laced up at the sides ; but its skirt was shorter, and of equal length
in front and behind. It was made of silk or velvet, stuffed with
cotton, and stitched, and was frequently charged with armorial bear
ings. Probably about the same period breast-plates came into use :
they appear to have been suggested by the small plate, or " plas
tron de fer," and like it were worn either above or beneath the
hawberk. Two brasses only of Knights, of the first twenty-five years of
Edward the Third, are known to be extant : Sir Hugh Hastings,
Elsing, Norfolk ; and Sir John de Wantyng, or Wanton, Wimbish,
Essex; both of the date 1347. They wear jupons, and mixed ar
mour of mail and plate ; the former has a perforated moveable vizor
attached to his bascinet', and a gorget, or collar of plate, over the
camail. The Knight at Wimbish is the earliest instance in which
the shield is omitted.
After the middle of the century, Knights always wore moustaches
and beards u, and their armour became much less variable. It con
sisted of an acutely pointed bascinet, to which the camail or tippet
of mail, (now disunited from the hawberk,) was attached by a cord
passed through vervelles, or staples, placed round the lower edges of
the bascinet, with its ends carried up beside the face, and fastened
above, in knots or tassels. The body was defended by a short haw
berk or habergeon, with a straight edge ; in addition to which a
breast-plate was probably worn, and above all the jupon with an

r Sir John de Creke probably wears some of the small figures on the
another garment perhaps of cuir- shafts of the canopy of this brass,
bouilli between his hawberk and pour- and in that of a Knight of the Mau-
point. Waller, pt. a. leverer family, c. 1400, Allerton Mau-
s The guipon, or gyppon, French leverer, Yorks.
jupon and juppel, Ital. giubba, Spanish u The beard was covered by the
jubon, aljuba, (aljuca 1) was of Arabic camail, and therefore was rarely visi-
orifin, as the last word implies and ble ; but on the fine brass at Stoke by
signified the Moorish thorax. Nayland, of Sir Wm. Tendring, 1408,
« These vizors, when seen in profile, who is represented bareheaded, the
resemble the beaks of birds ; as in beard is seen.

h

XIV. CENT. MILITARY BRASSES.

escalloped border to its skirt*. A bawdric, or broad belt, enriched
with flowers in circles, &c, passed round the hips, and buckling in

William da Aldeburgh, c. 1360.
Aldborough, YorkB.

3ir Nicholas Burnrll, 1 382, Actoa Burnell,
Shropshire.

front, kept the jupon in its proper position. At the left side was
suspended the sword, with a circular or octangular pommel, and a
peculiar ornament at the top of the scabbard ; and at the right the
anelace, misericorde, or dagger of mercy, which was destitute of a
cross-guard : these weapons were attached to the bawdric by short
cords or chains. Epaulieres, (epaulets,) consisting of overlapping

x The haketon was of course worn
under the body armour; its sleeves
may be seen on the wrists of Knights
at Elsing, and Aveley, 1370, (No.
132j. Wm. de Aldeburgh has also
the pourpoint, which is just perceptible

under the skirt of his jupon: this is
the latest brass on which the shield
occurs. A jupon of pourpoint is on
the figure at Aveley, and was also on
that of Sir Miles Stapleton, 1364, for
merly at Ingham, Norfolk.

XIV. CENT. MILITARY BRASSES.

lxxi

plates, usually three in number, protected the shoulders : the bras-
sarts and vambraces were now generally of two pieces united by a
hinge, and entirely encircled the arms. Mail armour was seen at
the arm-pits ; and also at the elbow joints, which were covered by
coutes with heart-shaped, or in early instances, small circular hinges.
To these, the straps or axles which passed across the bend of the
elbows were fastened. The gauntlets were of leather, with scales or
separate plates on the backs, and knobs or spikes on the knuckles,
which were termed gadlings, and occasionally used for offence. The
cuisses, or thigh armour, were frequently of pour-
point-work, faced with silk or other rich material,
usually of a red colour, with gilt studs of metal
sewed on it. These are generally met with on
earlier examples, as at Elsing, and Wimbish,
1347; and at Cobham, Kent, 1354, c. 1365, &c.
Chausses of mail were still worn ; and over them
genoullieres, which in brasses before c. 1370 some
what resembled pot-lids ; also jambs of plate. The
construction of the genoullieres and jambs was
like that of the coutes, brassarts and vambraces.
Pointed sollerets protected the feet, and rowell spurs
were buckled over the instep. The mail on brasses
of this period is usually represented as made oi^Z^™^l™\
rings set edgeways. Towards the end of the (No.isi.jf
century the use of the hawberk and chausses of mail was gradually
relinquished, on account of their weight ; a short skirt of mail was
attached to the breast-plates and back-plates, and gussets, or small
pieces of mail, were retained at the various bends of the limbs.
About 1390, slight changes in the mode of decoration are percep
tible ; the chain mail was generally used, the jupon had escalloped
or fringed arm-holes, the edges of the armour of the legs and thighs
had an invecked border, the gauntlets were more ornamented, the
cuisses were of plate, the gussets of mail at the knees were more
distinctly visible, and the genoullieres had square plates below, and
sometimes above them. The hilt of the sword was ornamented
with cross cords, and its scabbard richly decorated. Collars were
now frequently worn. Fine examples of these changes are at Chin
nor, Oxon, 1392; Wanlip, Leicest., 1393; Mere, 1398, Lethering-

r The fringe below the genoullieres
in this example is perhaps unique.
The jambs, like the cuisses of Sir
John de Cobham, 1354, are either
strips of steel, sewed on cloth, or some
similar material ; or perhaps are of

pourpoint, fluted, with the studs ar
ranged in rows in the depressions.
Similar armour occurs on the cuisses
of a stone effigy of a Knt. at Tewkes
bury Abbey.

lxxii

XIV. CENT. CIVILIANS.

ham, c. 1400, Playford, 1400, (Nos. 143, 144, 145,) and Draycot
Cerne, Wilts, c. 1400z.
Civilians. Although but few examples of this class remain, there
are enough to enable us to determine with tolerable accuracy the
costume of this century.
Instances in the earlier half of the centuiy
are at East Wickham, Kent, c. 1325, (see en
graving at p. lxxiv.); Merton Coll. Chapel, and
Taplow, Bucks, c. 1350, (Nos. 83, 240) ; the fine
Flemish brasses at Lynn, 1349, and 1364,
(No. 242); and Newark, 1361, (No. 241).
From these figures it appears that the hair
was long and flowing, and that moustaches
and a beard, sometimes forked, were worn.
The dress, with slight differences, consists of
a close fitting tunic, or cole-hardie, reaching
below the knees, partly open, sometimes with
pockets, in front ; and with tight sleeves reach
ing to the elbows, and there either terminating,
or hanging down in long lappets, as in the an
nexed engraving. On the fore- arm are seen
the tight sleeves, with buttons underneath, of
an under-dress. Over the shoulders were a
hood, and a cape or tippet. The legs were
clothed in tight hose, and the feet in shoes,

z Good instances of Knights of this
century which are not mentioned in
the text or catalogue, are the follow
ing: 1361. Sir Philip Peletoot, legs lost,
Watton, Herts.
c. 1365. Sir John de Mereworth,
mutilated, with canopy, Mereworth,
Kent. 1367. Sir Thomas de Cobham, with
mutilated canopy, Cobham, Kent.
c. 1370. A Knt. and lady, Brough
ton, Lincolnshire.
c. 1370. Sir Reginald Malyns and
ladies, Chinnor, Oxon.
c. 1370. Sir John de la Pole and
lady, Chrishall, Essex.
c. 1380. Sir Roger de Felbrig, Fel-
brigg, Norfolk.
c. 1380. Sir Esmoun de Malyns
and lady, demi-figures, Chinnor, Oxon.
c. 1380. A Knt. (Montacute?) with
canopy, Caldbourne, Isle of Wight.
c. 1380. A Knt, St. Michael's,

Nicholas De Aumterdene.
c. 1350, Taplow, Bucks ¦
St. Alban's.
1382? Sir John de Argenteine?
Horseheath, Camb.
1387. Sir Wm. de Etchingham,
headless, Etchingham, Sussex.
1390. Sir Andrew Loutterell, with
canopy, Irnham, Lincolnshire.
1393. Sir Henry English and lady,
Wood Litton, Cambridgeshire.
1395,? John Raven, Esq.? Great
Berkhamstead. 1397. Sir John St. Quintin and
lady, Brandsburton, Yorks.
1400. Sir Ingelram Bruyn, with
canopy, South Ockendon, Essex.
c. 1400. Robert Albyn and wife,
(now mural,) Hemel Hempstead,
Herts. c. 1400. Sir — Mauleverer and
lady, (engraved on the same plate,)
Allerton Mauleverer, Yorks.
• Part of the right foot is mutilated
in the original.

XIV. CENT. CIVILIANS.

lxxiii

which either laced up at the sides, or fastened across the instep ;
which fashions prevailed throughout the century.
The tunic or cote-hardie sometimes reached only to the thighs,
and was buttoned up in front ; the sleeves were tight, and extended
to the knuckles, and a bawdric was buckled round the hips. Such
a dress is worn by Robert Parys, 1408, at Hildersham, Camb. Tu
nics with long tight sleeves, fastened with buttons below the elbows,
are on the demi-figures at Rusper, Sussex ; Graveney, Kent ; and Ded-
dington, Oxon, c. 1370, (No. 244). These wear also capes and hoods.
After the middle of the century the hair is
worn shorter, and is thrown back from off the
temples ; the cape is generally omitted, and the
hood is sometimes fastened with buttons. The
tunic reaches to the ancles, is in some cases
secured with buttons in front, and confined at the
waist by an ornamented girdle, from which is
suspended the anelace ; usually at the left side,
sometimes at the right, or in front. The sleeves
were close, and from beneath them emerge the
tight sleeves of an under-dress, which generally
buttoned beneath, and reached half way along the
hands. Over all was worn a mantle, fastened by
two or three buttons on the right shoulder, and
thrown over the left arm. Good examples of
frankeleinsb and merchants in this dress are on
fine brasses at Shottesbrooke, Berks, c. 1370,
(No. 20) ; Felbrigg, Norfolk, and King's Som-
bourne, Hants, two figures, c. 1380; Topcliff,
Yorks0, and Wimmington, Beds, (No. 248,)
1391 ; Boston, Lincolnshire, 1398, &c. ; Northleach and Cirencester,
c. 1400, and Chipping Campden, 1401, all in Gloucestershire.
A mutilated figure at Cheam, Surrey, c. 1370, and other civilians
at Stoke Fleming, Dorset, 1391, and Ore, Sussex, c. 1400, (No.
250,) are destitute of the mantle : in the two last examples the
bawdric passes over the right shoulder. Richard Torrington, 1356,
Great Berkhampstead, Herts, wears simply a hood and tunic, which

A Civilian, c. 1380, King B
Sombourue . Hants.

b " Frankelein signifies literally a
freeholder, a class noted for wealth and
great possessions, yet not considered
as gentle, or entitled to bear arms ;
nevertheless, according to Chaucer, of
no little importance." Waller, pt. x.
c Another Flemish example of the
date 1376, formerly existed at Lynn,
(see p. ix. note m). The small figures

at the sides of the canopies of the
brasses at Lynn, and Newark, Notts,
furnish further illustrations of cos
tume. From these it appears that the
edges of the mantle were often jagged,
and that a kind of high-crowned cap,
and a short cloak open and buttoning
in front, were also worn.

1

lxxiv

XIV. CENT. LADIES.

is the usual costume of demi-figures; as at East-Horsley, c. 1380,
(No. 247); the Temple Church, Bristol, 1396; Letchworth, Herts;
and Lambourn, Berks, c. 1400. The three last have ornamented
cuffs. Ladies. Six brasses only remain to shew the female costume of
the first half of the century ; they are those of Margaret de Camoys,
1310, Trotton, Sussex ; Joan de Cobham, c. 1320, Cobham, Kent ;
Alyne De Creke, c. 1325, Westley Waterless, Camb. ; Maud de
Bladigdone, c. 1325, (demi-figure,) East Wickham, Kent ; Joan de
Northwode, c. 1330, Minster, Sheppy, (No. 129) ; and Margaret de
Walsokne, 1349, Lynn, Norfolk, (Flemish). The three last are
placed beside the figures of their husbands.
From these, the dress of the period may be thus stated. The

JOHN DE BLADIGTJONE AND WIFE, o. 1325. EAST WICKHAM, KENT.
hair was parted on the forehead, and confined at each side of the
face, usually in plaits ; a gorget or wimple covered the neck, and
was drawn up over the chin, strained up each side of the face, and
generally fastened across the forehead, which was encircled with a fillet
ornamented with jewels. Over the head a veil was thrown, which
fell down over the shoulders. The under dress consisted of a kirtle
richly embroidered, (on brasses at Lynn,) and with tight sleeves and

XIV. CENT. LADIES.

Ixxv

rows of buttons underneath ; over this was worn a gown, either with
close sleeves reaching to a little below the elbow ; or else sleeveless, and
with the sides of the body cut awayd. Above all was worn a mantle
or cloak, fastened in front of the shoulders by means of a cord,
which usually passed through two metal loops with studs in front,
termed fermailes, placed at each side of the mantle, and generally
ornamented with jewels. The mantle occurs on the figures at
Westley Waterless and Lynn ; the others are without it. Owing to
the length of the upper gown and mantle, they were frequently
gathered up under the arm, to prevent their trailing on the ground.
After the middle of the century, the head-dresses present the chief
variety in the costume. The hair is still braided at the sides of the
face; as at Southacre, 1384; Dartmouth, 1403; and Baginton,
1407, (Nos. 136, 147, 150). Johane Plessi,
c. 1360, Quainton, Bucks, has the hair
flowing over the shoulders. But the most
common coiffure was a close cap with its
front edges plaited, carried straight across
the forehead, and down the sides of the
face. Over this was frequently worn a veil
or kerchief falling down on the back and
shoulders. The gorget, which is now very
rarely found, occurs at Lynn, 1 364,(No. 242,)
and Topcliffe, Yorks, 1391; but widows,
in addition to the veil head-dress just de
scribed, wore under the chin a barbe or
wimple, which was a kind of plaited gorget ;
a kirtle and mantle completed the mourning
habit, of which we have good specimens, at
the close of the century, at Westminster
Abbey, 1399, (No. 249) ; Draycot Cerne,
Wilts; and Northleach, Gloucestershire,
c. 1400.
In the latter half of the century preposter
ous coiffures, termed in the Catalogue zigzag,
nebule, and reticulated head-dresses, made
their appearance. They consisted of cauls
or close caps, in the latter instance made of Nsbuiebeaa-dress.Eiizii. as veam
net-work, in which the hair was confined
d This fashion appears to have origi
nated from the small slits which may
be seen in the brass at Minster, cut
in the sleeveless gown, to allow the
passage of the arms. These slits were
probably enlarged until the sides of the

Ellen Cerne, c. 1400, Draycoc Cerne,
Wilts".

1375, Ashford, (No.245j.

skirt completely disappeared.
' Two elegant brasses of Knts. and
ladies very like this example, were not
long since in existence at Little Shel-
ford, Cambridgeshire.

lxxvi

XIV. CENT. LADIES.

round the face, or at the top of the head only ; or sometimes was
allowed to fall on the shoulders alsof ; the ornamented fronts which
are seen on brasses are perhaps intended to represent frills. Towards
the end of the century the reticulated head-dress became common ;
examples are at Wanlip, Leicest., 1393, Deerhurst, Gloucestershire,
1400, and Goring, Oxon, 1401, (No. 252s). The hair was fre
quently worn over the forehead only, especially when it was con
fined in cauls of net- work ornamented with jewels at the intersection ;
a small kerchief was also pinned at the top of the head and depended
behind : of this style of head-dress we have instances at Stoke
Fleming, Devon, 1391; Wotton-under-Edge, 1392; Wrentham,
1400; Shottesbrooke, 1401, (Nos. 140, 251, 254,) &c. With all
these, except the veil head-dress, jewelled fillets were generally
worn across the forehead.
The other portions of the dress of ladies underwent less change.
Mantles were frequently worn ; the kirtle had
close sleeves reaching usually to the knuckles, and
buttoned underneath as far as the elbow, and some
times to the shoulder. It was occasionally worn
alone, as at Quainton, Bucks, c. 1360; Stoke
Fleming, Devon, 1391, &c. : but more frequently
under another gown termed the cote-hardie, which
had sometimes pockets in front, (Winterbourne, c.
1380, No. 246h,) and always close sleeves, either
reaching to the wrists, or terminating above the
elbows, with long lappets hanging from thence.
The sideless dress was also in very common use,
was generally edged with fur at the openings ;
(Lingfield, Surrey, c. 1 380 ; Wanlip, Leicest., 1 393, IsabeI 5,^, c. 1370
and Stoke, Suffolk, c. 1400;) and was occasionally Waterpel7' Oxoa- 'No!U3'-
slit up at the sides of the skirt, (Ashford and Cobham, Kent, 1375).
All these dresses were low and square at the neck, fitted tight to
the body, and had frequently flounces of fur at the feet, and rows
of buttons, &c, up the front of the body. The kirtle and cote-
hardie were sometimes buttoned from the neck to the feet, as at
Chinnor, Oxon, c. 1370. The feet are generally very small, with
pointed toes'.

' Under the caul the small plaited
cap is often found, which renders it
probable that false hair, or some other
similar material, was used for stuffing
these head-dresses. Seethe engraving
in Hollis's Mon. Effigies, pt. ii. of the
head-attire of Lady Montacute, 1354,
at Ch. Ch., Oxford.

8 Engraved with the description of
Ladies of the fifteenth century, p. xciv.
b Another example is one of the
small figures on the brass at Newark,
1361, (No. 241).
• The following is a list of a few
figures of ladies of this century, which
may be added to those seen on the

BRASSES OF THE XV. CENT. GENERAL REMARKS. lxxvil

FIFTEENTH CENTURY.
Hen. IV., 1399— 1413; Hen. V., 1413— 1422; Hen. VI., 1422—
1461 ; Ed. IV, 1461—1483 ; Ed. V., Ric. III., 1483—1485 ;
Hen. VII., 1485—1509.
General Remarks. The brasses of the early part of this century
are remarkable for the carefulness* and delicacy of their execution.
Cross shading was now employed to represent the folds of the dra
pery ; accordingly the bold and swelling lines by which they were
expressed before, became unnecessary, and were superseded by others
of a finer character. About the year 1430 the art of engraving ap
pears to have reached its utmost perfection, the brasses of that date
being surpassed by none in either beauty of design or excellence of
workmanship. After the middle of the century a greater stiffness in
the figures is perceptible, as well as a gradual increase of shading
injudiciously introduced. Hitherto the execution of contempora
neous brasses was nearly uniform in goodness ; but towards the end
of the century a much greater diversity of merit begins to be appa
rent : many brasses, especially those of persons lower in rank, being
coarse and indifferent performances1.
The figures are now generally of smaller size than those of the
preceding century, and in a standing posture : the ground beneath
them is engraved with flowers, or shaded in lozenze-shaped divi
sions"1. The cushions™ and the animals, on which their head and
feet respectively rested, are rarely found, except on the brasses of
Knights, whose heads are frequently supported on tilting helmets,
and their feet on lions or dogs, or on their crests, if consisting of
some animal0. The introduction of the wired, or butterfly head
dress, c. 1470, which was worn entirely at the back of the head,
and consequently could not be delineated so as to display its fair
brasses of the Knights and Civilians 1391. Lady Margt. Willoughby
(especially the latter) which have re- D'Eresby, Spilsby, Lincolnshire.
cently been noticed : 1395. Margaret de Cobham, with
1372. Ismayne de Wynston, Nee- head on cushions, and fine canopy,
ton, Norfolk. Cobham, Kent.
c. 1380. Elizabeth Felbrig, Fel- k For instance the extraneous back-
brigg, Norfolk. ground is usually cut away, which was
c. 1380. Demi-figure, husband and commonly left between the arms and
inscr. lost, Chinnor, Oxon. the body, the legs, or the Knight's sword
c. 1380 (?) Maud de Cobham, large and his legs, &c.
and fine, Cobham, Kent. ' See p. xii.
c. 1390. Lady, Great Berkhamp- m See engraving at p. Ixxxviii.
stead, Herts. n Cushions are more common on
c. 1390. Lady, Stebbing, Essex. incised slabs.
1391. Cecilia de Kerdiston, Reep- " See Nos. 165, 169.
ham, Norfolk.

lxxviii XV. CENT. SHROUDS, &C. CHILDREN.
proportions ! p, except in profile, made it necessary to represent female
figures in this attire, as standing sideways. The wife being thus
turned towards her husband, common courtesy required him to be
placed in a similar posture ; and such at the close of the century be
came the frequent attitude of single figures of all classes, excepting,
as might be expected, Priests'). About the same period mural
brasses with kneeling figures first appear1. The hands also, espe
cially those of ladies, are sometimes raised and held apart at each
side of the breast, as at Heme, Kent, 1470; Iselham, Camb., 1484;
Blickling, Stokesby, and Ditchingham, Norfolk, 1485, 1488, 1490,
(No. 296,) &c.s
All these changes, which were more fully developed in the follow
ing centuries, tended to give more life to the figure; but we find
that the contrary principle was also adopted, and the deceased pour
trayed as enveloped in a shroud, and sometimes emaciated, or as a
skeleton. Early examples are at Sheldwich, 1431, and Margate,
1446, Kent; St. Laurence, Norwich, 1452, &c. Demi-figures, ex
cept those of Priests, are of rare occurrence after 1450, (see No. 286,
c. 1480). Small figures of children were now frequently placed beneath
those of their parents : early instances are at Ashby St. Legers,
1416, (No. 258) ; and Linwood, Lincolnshire, 1419, where the
children have small canopies over them. At Beddington, Surrey,
beneath the figure of Philippa Carreu, 1414, are thirteen demi-
figures of her brothers and sisters, with their names subscribed. The
sons are usually ranged under their father, and the daughters under
their mother, (see engravings at pp. xvi, lxxxviii). Sometimes the
children stand beside their parents ; for instance at Cobham, 1407,
(No. 151); North Mimms, Herts, 1458, &c. When the effigies
are kneeling, the children are placed behind their parents. The
elder children are sometimes represented in the proper costume of
their profession, as ecclesiastics, &c* At the close of the century
single brasses of children are found; as at Pulborough, Sussex,
1478; Blickling, Norfolk, 1479; and Stamford Rivers, Essex,
1492, (a chrysom child?) &c.
P See engraving at p. xcvi. children frequently paraded on brasses
i Figures in the fourteenth century of this century, and even more so in
are sometimes slightly inclined to one the following, when chivalry was still
side; as at Elsing, Norfolk. more in decline, our forefathers seem
r See supra, p. xi. to have been of the same mind as the
" Examples in the sixteenth century Persians. 'AvSpayaBiri 5' aSrn an-oSe'-
are at Dunstable, Beds, 1516; Little SeKTai, pera to paxtaSm eivm ayaSov,
Waldingfield, Suffolk, c. 1530, and %s av iroAAofij oiroBe'lp iraiSos' t$ Se
Christ's Coll., Cambridge. robs irKeiarovs airoSeiKi/iWi, $£>pa 4k-
' See supra, p. xxxi, note i, and p. ire/iirei 6 fiaaiAebs i.i>& irav eros. Herod.
xxxviii, note z. From the number of i. 136.

XV. CENT. FLORIATED CROSSES, &C.

lxxix

Floriated crosses, enclosing figures in their heads, occur at the
commencement of the century : beautiful examples remain at Bux-
ted, Sussex, (No. 26) ; Hildersham, Camb. ; Stone, Kent ; all of
the date 1408u : a very elegant cross with a foliaged head, c. 1480,
is at Grainthorpe, Lincolnshire. But the more usual form is that of a
simple Latin cross, as at Higham Ferrers, Northants, 1400, (No. 433),

BRASS OP THOMAS CHICHELE, AND WIFE,
HIGHAM FEEREES, KORTHANTS.

BHASS Of EOQER CHEYNE ESO.,
c. 1415. CASSINGTON, OXON.

and usually with fleury extremities to the cross-arms, as at Cassing-
ton, Oxon, 1414? (No. 434x) ; St. Mary's, Reading, 1416, (much
» The stem and a single finial of a Cheyne was the son of Wm. Cheyne
brass of this kind remain at Cobham, Esq., (No. 134,) upon whose decease
Kent, to John Gerrye, Priest, 1447, in in 1375, he apparently became pos-
cope sessed of the manor of Drayton Beau-
* The sinister arm of the cross is champ; he also held the manor of
mutilated in the original. Roger Cassington as belonging to the honour

IXXX XV. CENT. CANOPIES.
mutilated); Beddington, Surrey, 1425; Broadwater, Sussex, 1445,
(No. 435) ; and Peperharrow, Surrey, 1487- Bracket-brasses are not
uncommon : instances maybe seen at Upper Hardres, Kent, 1405 ; at
Cotterstock, Northants, 1420, and Cobham, Kent, c. 1420, both
Priests in copes under canopies ; at Merton Coll. Chapel, c. 1420,
(No. 85) ; and Burford, Oxon, 1437.
At Chelsfield, Kent, the memorial of Robert de Brun, Priest, 1417,
is a crucifix, with the figures of SS. Mary and John, now much
mutilated. Although many large and beautiful canopies of this century remain,
few (e. g. Balsham, Camb., 1462 ; Tattershall, Lincolnshire, 1479)
have their buttresses composed of Saints in niches ; double side-shafts
connected with arches being substituted, as at Playford and Cowfold,
(Nos. 145, 87). Figures of Saints, however, are often judiciously
introduced into the upper part of the design, either supported
on brackets attached to the pediment, or serving as a finial to it.
Shields are frequently very tastefully represented as suspended by
straps to crockets on the side-shafts, or beneath the finial* of the
canopy. Groining, although often seen at the beginning of the cen
tury, as at Haddenham, Camb., 1405, and Feversham, Kent, 1414,
(see also Nos. 145, 85,) does not become general until c. 1470.
In the early part of the century the canopies are often of a tre-
foliated ogee shape with pendants composed of lions' faces ; and the
pediments are filled with foliage y; ornamented circles in the centres,
and trefoil slips in the spandrils of the cusps, &c, became frequent
decorations of pediments, especially those of about the date 1430.
The usual soffit moulding of quatrefoils is sometimes now carried
down the side-shafts. A rose, with four leaves and four barbs, is
often found in the centre of pediments c. 1440. Towards the end
of the century the crockets are of a heavy and debased character"'.
Brasses consisting of single devices, as hearts, chalices, are not

of Wallingford. In 1404 he was (c. 1420. A Priest, B.A.? mutilated,
sheriff of Bucks, and he seems to have with single canopy.)
died in 1414. For the above informa- 1426? Sir John Howard? Stoke
tion the Society is indebted to the Rev. by Neyland, Suffolk.
W. H. Kelke, Vicar of Drayton Beau- 1432. Brian Stapleton Esq., and
champ. wife, Ingham, Norfolk.
y See the engraving at p. xciv. 1448. Nicholas Dixon, Priest and
* Several fine examples of canopies Baron of the Exchequer, Cheshunt,
are given in the lists of the Priests, Herts.
Knights, &c, in the notes to this cen- 1451. John Stoke, Abbot, St. Al-
tury. To them we may add the foi- ban's.
lowing, the figures beneath which have 1466. Milo Stapleton Esq., and
now disappeared : wives, Ingham, Norfolk.
1408. Johanna Boteler, small, 1497. Thomas Ellynbridge and
Graveney, Kent. wife, Carshalton, Surrey.

XV. CENT. INSCRIPTIONS. lxXXl
unfrequently met with in this century : an early instance of a chalice
is at St. Peter's, Leeds, 1469.
Inscriptions are now common in raised letters. This is particularly
the case in marginal inscriptions c. 1400 — 1410, which consist of few
words, with the spaces between each occupied by foliage, figures of
animals, &c. Curious devices of this sort are on marginal inscrip
tions at Northleach, 1447, and Tormarton, 1493, Gloucestershire;
Enfield, Middx., 1446, (c. 1475 ?).
Inscriptions in Norman French are rarely if ever found after 1420 ;
an example of this date is at Warkworth, Northants. Lombardic
capitals also disappeared about the same time. English inscriptions
are occasionally met with throughout the century ; as at Goring,
1401, (No. 252,) and Burford, 1437, Oxon ; but Latin is the preva
lent language. Short sentences, such as those in use in the four
teenth century, especially the three quoted above, (p. lxiii,) are fre
quently inscribed on scrolls usually issuing from the mouths of the
figures ; also brief ejaculations sometimes addressed to figures above,
of which the following are most common :
gantta ©rtnttas unus Beus miserere nobis.
pater Be celts Beus miserere nobis
Spiritus sancte Deus miserere nobis.
3esu fiU Bei miserere met.
.Plater Del memento met.
ISone 3)esu esto mftlji Scsus.
JUliserere met IBeus setunBum magnam misericorBiam tuam.
JttiseiicorBias Somint in etetnum cantabo.
" Jest! mtrr»" and " lEaon fcljK" are often placed on small scrolls at
the corners of the slab ; or the slab is " powdered" with them ; as
at St. Mary's, Reading, 1416, and Wiston, Sussex, 1426. Among
other sets of verses introduced in this century", the following appears
to have been a favourite :
jFaretoeU mn frenBes, tfje tnBe abioetl) no man,
I am BeparteB from fjense anB so sfjall ne,
13ut fn tl;ts passage the best songe that E can
Is requiem eternam noro : 3tju graunte ft,
fflafjan 3E Ijaue enBeB all mnn aouersite,
ffiraunte me in paraBise to ftaue a JWansion,
©hat sheB u)b WoDe fior mn «Bempcionb.
The ordinary inscriptions were in the usual simple form ; at the
» See the examples at p. xii. (North- Herts, (see Hand-book of Ecclesio-
leach) • p 1. note r ; and the couplet at logy, 1847) ; and according to Weever,
FairfonUNo. 195, p. 74). (Fun. Mon., pp. 545, 649,) it was at
" The above inscr. is copied from a Baldock in the same county, and at
brass at Northleach, Gloucestershire, Romford, Essex.
c. 1480 ; the same occurs at Royston,

Ixxxii XV. CENT. ECCLESIASTICS.
latter part of the century they sometimes end with " for whose soul
for charity say a pater noster and an ave." On the inscriptions of the
higher classes, long leonine verses are often found, and a few particu
lars relative to the deceased, such as the maiden name of the wife.
Ecclesiastics. Of these, numerous instances remain, especially
demi-figures. The chief peculiarities of the Eucharistical vestments,
are that the chasubles are for the most part entirely plain ; and the
ends of the stole and maniple are of equal breadth with the centre.
These vestments, and the apparels of the amice and albe, in the first
half of the century are usually ornamented with quatrefoils or
roundels in relief0: in the latter half, the hair, which before was
waved, becomes straighter; the ornament of the apparels is gene
rally a diaper of lozenge-shaped divisions quatrefoiled, (see engrav
ing at p. xxiii,) and chalices, with or without wafers, are more fre
quently held in the hands d.
Members of the numerous collegiate establishments are now re
gularly represented in processional vestments ; the surplice is worn
shorter, but in some cases, as late as 1430, it covers the feet; and
the almuce has a cape attached to it. The orphreys of the copes in
large figures are often enriched with saints, of which there are several
fine examples in this century. In smaller ones, during the first half of
the century, the ornaments consist of foliated circles or lozenges,
containing leaves, flowers, (especially the four-leaved rose before al-
c The incisions were originally filled Lovell, Wilts.
with colouring matter. Mitten sleeves c 1430. Robert Clere, Dean, Battle,
of the under dress are still visible on Sussex.
figures as late as 1420. 1431. Robert Blundell, Monks
d The following is a list of some Risborough, Bucks.
good examples : 1432. Win. Bischopton, with good
c. 1400. A Priest, with chalice, canopy, Great Bromley, Essex.
Stanford, Notts. 145-. Roger Grey, with chalice
1407. Wm. de Thorp, small, West and wafer, now mural, Whitchurch,
Wickham, Kent. Oxon.
1410. John Balsam, Blisland, Corn- c. 1450. Wm. Carbrok, demi-figure,
wall. Wilshamstead, Beds.
1410. John Morden, Emberton, c. 1450. A demi-figure, Gt. Green-
Bucks, ford, Middx.
1412. Rich. Bayly, large, Hoo, 1451. Wm. Gylborne, demi-figure,
Kent. Farningham, Kent.
1413. John Everdon, demi-figure, 1455. John Baker (with pallium-
Twyford, Bucks. shaped orphrey?) Arundel, Sussex.
c. 1420. A Priest, Haddenham, 1457. John Bradford, demi-figure,
Bucks. Lewes, Sussex.
c. 1420. John Broun, demi-figure, c. 1460. A Priest, Polstead, Suf-
Hoo, Kent. folk.
c. 1120. Robert Were, demi-figure, 1467. Henry Movecote, demi-figure,
Milbrook, Beds. Ewelme, Oxon.
c. 1420. Thos. Boyd (Byrd?) Saf- 1478. Ralph Parsons, with chalice
fron Walden, Essex. and wafer, much worn, Cirencester.
c. 1430. A demi-figure, Upton c. 1480. A Priest, Childrey, Berks.

XV. CENT. MILITARY BRASSES.

lxxxiii

luded to,) &c. often alternating with initials. In the latter part of
the century the foliage is larger, and the circles, &c. omitted ; jewels,
and the lozenge-shaped diaper, are also frequent modes of decoration ;
the latter however is also found on early examples of both classes of
vestments e- Priests in academical robes are not unfrequent.
Military. The armour of the fifteenth century presents many
more minute changes than that of any other period ; and as these
variations are observable on brasses of the same date, the description
is of necessity somewhat complicated. The same defences which
were used at the close of the previous century, namely, the bascinet,
camail, and habergeon of chain mail, breast and backplates,- jupon,
and plate armour over the arms and legs, are still represented on the
brasses of the first ten years, the chief distinction being the addition,
to the camail and skirt of the hawberk, of a fringe of small bunches
of rings, which were probably of brass f. Round the bascinet an

e Good examples of Priests in Pro
cessional Vestments :
c. 1400. A Priest, with Saints on
orphrey of cope, Boston, Lincolnshire.
1401. John de Sleford, with Saints
on cope, under a triple canopy, Bal-
sham, Camb.
1404. Henry de Codingtoun, ditto,
ditto, Bottesford, Leicestershire.
1411. Thomas Pattesle, with canopy,
mutilated, Great Shelford, Camb.
1416? John Prophete ? with Saints
on cope, and canopy, Ringwood, Hants.
1420. Robert de Wyntryngham,
with canopy, Cotterstock, Northants.
c. 1420. Reginald Cobham, ditto,
Cobham, Kent.
1423. Thomas Harlyng, ditto, Pul-
borough, Sussex.
1425. John Mershden, ditto, Thur-
caston, Leicestershire.
1436. Wm. Prestwick, ditto, War-
bleton, Sussex.
1452? Wm. (?) Kirkaby, Theydon
Gernon, Essex.
1456. ( Later ?)Wm. Moor, with Saints
on cope, Tattershall, Lincolnshire.
1462. John Blodwell, ditto, and
with Saints on canopy, Balsham, Camb.
1464. John Heth, Tintinhull, So
merset. 1476? Richard Rudhale? in dia
pered cope, and with canopy, from
Hereford, but now in the possession of
J. B. Nichols, Esq.
1477. Richd. Bole, with canopy,
Wilburton, Camb.
c 1480. A Priest, headless, Queen's

Coll., Cambridge.
1485. John Spence, Quainton, Bucks.
1480 ? Wm. Thornbury, canopy lost,
Feversham, Kent.
1494. Walter Hyll, New Coll., Oxf.
1497. Wm. Stevyn, Girton, Camb.
See also supra, pp. xxxiii, xxxvi.
' Fine brasses of Knights thus armed
are the following :
u. 1400. A Knt., under a triple
canopy, Laughton, Lincolnshire.
1401. Sir Nicholas Dagworth, Blick
ling, Norfolk.
1402. Rauf de Cobham, demi-
figure, Cobham, Kent.
1402. Sir Wm.Fienlez, with canopy,
Hurstmonceaux, Sussex.
1404. Sir — Stourton(?) and lady,
Sawtrey, Hunts, (see Arch. Journ. i.
p. 388).
1405. Sir Roger Drury and lady,
Rougham, Suffolk.
1405. Sir Reginald Brayhrook, with
fine canopy, Cobham, Kent.
c. 1405. Sir Thos. Massyngherd
and lady, large, with canopy, Gunby,
Lincolnshire. 1406. Thomas de Beauchamp Earl,
and Countess, St. Mary's, Warwick.
1408. Sir Wm. Tendring, Stoke by
Neyland, Suffolk.
1409. Sir Wm. Burgate and lady,
fine, with canopy, Burgate, Suffolk.
1409. Wm. Snayth and wife, ditto,
Addington, Kent.
c. 1410? (1381). Sir Thos. Burton
and lady, Little Casterton, Rutland.
See also Nos. 145, 146, 151.

lxxxiv

XV. CENT. MILITARY BRASSES.

orle was worn, which was a wreath enriched with jewels, &c, and
intended to lighten the pressure of the tilting helmet : an instance
occurs at Lingfield, 1403, (No. 148). Collars of SS. frequently
occur on brasses in the earlier half of the century.
The gradual addition of plate armour is ap
parent at its very commencement ; to the
breast and backplates was now attached a skirt
of taces or overlapping plates, reaching to the
middle of the thighs, with hinges at their left
side, and secured by straps buckled over the
opening at their right side ; an early example
of which is on the noble figure of Sir Thomas
de Braunstone, 1401, Wisbeach, Camb. The
jupon was now discarded s, and perhaps the
hawberk also, the edging of mail still seen
beneath the skirt of taces being probably a
mere fringe attached to the back of the lower
most plate, to the centre of which a small
plate, termed a baguette, was appended, and
which was afterwards superseded by a small
lappet of mail ; gorgets of plate were also worn
either over, or instead of the camail ; the epau-
lieres consist of several plates, and oblong pa
lettes, or more commonly others of a circular
form called roundels h were attached in front of
the armpits, and occasionally ornamented with
crosses. Roundels, or fan- shaped elbow-plates for defending the arm
when straightened, were placed at the elbows ; the straps fastening
the brassarts are usually distinctly visible, and the gauntlets have
three joints to the cuffs. The transverse bawdric was now succeeded
by a belt ornamented with trefoils, quatrefoils, &c, passing diagonally
across the skirt of taces, and sustaining the sword at the left side.
On a fine figure at Spilsby, Lincolnshire, of this date, both belts ap
pear, an arrangement which is especially observable on stone effigies.
In the first part of the century the pommel of the sword is mostly
pyriform, and occasionally ornamented with a shield of arms. The
top of the scabbard has a characteristic ornament, consisting of two
quatrefoils, with a row of guttis, or drops, beneath, and the anelace
was probably attached to the right side by a short cord passing

Sir Jobn Wylcotes.1410,
Great Tew. Oxon. (No. 15-j).

* The jupon appears for a short time
to have been worn over the taces, if we
may judge from the fringe, (not of
mail,) which sometimes appears over
(?) the lowest tace.

h On the curious figure of a Knight,
c. 1410, South Kelsey, Lincolnshire,
they are crescent-shaped ; the gauntlets
also are very peculiar.

XV. CENT. MILITARY BRASSES.

lxxxv

through a loop fastened to one of the taces1. The genoullieres have
oblong plates below, and sometimes also above them ; gussets of mail
appear behind them, and also at the insteps.
The brass of Sir John Wylcotes, 1410, is a good
example of the peculiarities above described11.
On brasses about" 1420, the plate armour
has entirely superseded the mail, traces of the
latter being very rarely visible1, (see the an
nexed engraving of a Knight at Hildersham,
Camb.) The earliest example of complete
plate is the figure of Sir John Lysle, 1407,
Thruxton, (No. 149) ; that of Sir John Cressy,
1414, at Dodford, (No. 154,) is also an early
instance. The bascinet is now less acutely
pointed, and the part over the forehead, the
lower edge of the gorget, the cuffs of the
gauntlets, &c, are often elegantly ornamented
with trefoils. Roundels in front of the arm
pits are rare after 1430, oblong or shield
like palettes being now more common ; the
spurs about this date, are "guarded" by "a.
thin plate of steel over the rowells, to prevent
their entangling or penetrating deep." Mous
taches and beards were now rarely worn™.

— Parya Esq. , c. 14.40.
Hildersham Camb

i On brasses the fastening of the
anelace is not apparent; on stone
effigies it is sometimes attached in the
manner described, but more frequently
by a cord, passing diagonally over the
hips, and crossing the sword belt.
Even the latter is sometimes omitted
on brasses.
k The beautiful brass at Little
Horkesley, Essex, of Sir Robert Swin
burne and son, 1391 — 1412, each under
a triple canopy united by a central
shaft, exhibits the two styles of armour
which have been described. Other
examples of the later changes are the
following :
c. 1410. Robert Lord Ferrers of
Chartley ? and lady, Merevale, War
wickshire. c. 1410. Sir John Routh and lady,
with canopies, Routh, Yorks.
c. 1410. A Knt., Linton, Camb.
1411. Sir John Drayton, legs lost,
Dorchester, Oxon.
1412. Sir John Chetwode, Wark-
worth, Northants.

1413. Sir Simon de Felbrigge and
lady, with canopy, Felbrigg, Norfolk.
1414. John Fitzwaryn, now mural,
Wantage, Berks.
1410-5. Robert Morle Esquires,
(two small figures,) Stoken-church,
Oxon. 1415. John Peryent Esq., and
wife, Digswell, Herts.
c. 1415. (1370). Sir John Erping-
ham, Erpingham, Norfolk.
1416. Wm. Skelton Esq., and wives,
Hinxton, Camb.
See also Nos. 147, 148, 150.
1 At Tbeddlethorp, Lincolnshire, is
a Knt., 1425, wearing a camail. On
the figure of a Knt. at Tame, c. 1430,
(No. 158), the fringe of the camail is
visible beneath that of the gorget of
plate. The edging of the skirt of mail
below the taces is seen as late as 1426,
at Battle, Sussex.
nl See a brass, c. 1445, at Newland,
(No. 170). Examples of Knights in
complete plate, such as has been de
scribed, are the following :

lxxxvi

XV. CENT. MILITARY BRASSES.

The brass of John Poyle, 1424, at Hampton Poyle, Oxon, is an
early instance of further changes ; two small plates called tuilles were
now buckled to the skirt of taces, and hung down over the thighs ;
the gauntlets were not divided into fingers, their cuffs were pointed,
and the genoullieres had pointed plates below them ; a good example
is at Beddington, Surrey, 1437- Tabards, or surcoats11, with skirts
covering the taces, and slit up at the sides, were also worn : they
were charged with armorial bearings, usually thrice repeated, once
on the breast and skirt, and twice on the sleeves, which in early
examples are small ; as at Great Snoring, Norfolk, 1423, and
Amberley, Kent, 1424.
About 1435, demi-placcards, or demi-placcates , began to be worn
over the cuirass ; these were additional plates, broad at their lower
part, and gradually diminishing in width towards the neck ; below
which they were fastened to the breast-plate by straps, which are
seldom visible on brasses, (see No. 190,) owing
to the raised posture of the hands. Similar
plates were also worn on the back, and were
united by hinges, &c, to those in front. The
left, or bridle arm, was now more fully pro
tected than the right, by large plates placed
outside the elbows, and in front of the armpits ;
in the latter position they were secured by a
small spike, or spring-pin, fitting into a staple
affixed to the epaulieres, the loop of which
passed through a hole in the centre of the
plate. The right, or sword arm, which was
required for action, had slighter defences ;
thus a small and peculiar shaped plate, called B
a moton, protected the armpit, and the elbow- i™"^1*'^ wytham, Berks.

c. 1410. Walter Rolond, Cople,
Beds. ' 1411. Thos. de Crewe Esq., and
wife, under fine canopies, Wixford,
Warwickshire. 1420. John Chetwood, Warkworth,
Northants. 1420. Sir Wm. Calthorp, with fine
canopy, Burham Thorpe, Norfolk.
c. 1420. — Warren, headless, Lewes,
Sussex. c. 1420. Sir John Worwarde and
lady, Booking, Essex.
c. 1420. Peter Halle Esq., and
wife, Heme, Kent.
c. 1420. Thomas Walysch Esq.,
and wife, Whitchurch, Oxon.

c. 1420. John Hamperotis? Nether
Winchendon, Bucks.
1422. Wm. Wylde Esq., and wife,
Dodford, Northants.
1423. Sir Ralph Shelton and lady,
Gt. Snoring, Norfolk.
1424. John Framingham Esq., and
wife, demi-figures, Debenham, Suffolk.
1425. Sir Wm. Molyns and lady,
Stoke Poges, Bucks.
1425. Sir Baldewin Seyntgeorge,
Hatley St. George, Camb.
1426. Sir John de Brewys, Wiston,
Sussex. 1428. John Norwich Esq., and
wife, Yoxford, Suffolk.

XV. CENT. MILITARY BRASSES. IXXXVli
pieces were much smaller. The rowell spurs were now without
guards, and screwed to the heels0.
After and about the year 1445, Knights were generally represented
bareheaded, with the hair cropped close, and their hands very fre
quently uncovered. The breast-plate was of a more globular form,
and had a curved groove at each side. The defences of the arms
were of equal size, and made of smaller pieces than before. The
epaulieres almost met across the breast, and were encircled by a
strap passing round the neck ; in front of them were worn pauldrons,
which were plates extending at first only just over the shoulders and
upper part of the arms. The skirt of taces had now longitudinal as
well as transverse lines of partition, and was thereby divided into a
number of small oblong plates. Brasses presenting the above
peculiarities, and without tuilles, are at South Mimms, 1448;
Hayes and Isleworth, c. 1450, Middx.; and Marston Morteyne,
Beds, 1451.
Some changes were made about the year 1460, which may be re
cognised by referring to the engraving on the next page of an inte
resting brass at Quy, Camb. A mentoniere, gorget, or collar of plate,
now covered the throat, and projected in front of the chin, so as to
meet the vizor when lowered, by which means the face was entirely
protected ; the pauldrons had frequently a projecting ridge, and the
exterior edges were generally invecked, and the upper one recurved
for the convenience of raising the arm : at the left armpit a gusset of
mail is usually visible. The coutes are sometimes of large size, and
attached to the elbows by arming points ; the skirt of taces shorter,
with two large and pointed tuilles strapped upon it, between which a
baguette of mail was worn. The sword had a hilt ornamented with
c. 1430. A Knt., under a single ° Examples of these peculiarities
canopy, Goudhurst, Kent. are as follows :
c. 1430. A Knt. and lady, Mug- 1435. Sir Richd. Delamere and
ginton, Derbyshire. lady, under very fine canopies, Here-
1435. Sir Wm. Arnold, demi-figure, ford Cathedral.
Battle, Sussex. 1440. John Meptyshale Esq., wife
1437. Thos. Brokill Esq., and lost, Mepshall, Beds.
wife, Saltwood, Kent. 1441. John Boteler Esq., and wife,
1441. Sir Hugh Halsham (bare- Mepshall, Beds.
headed) and lady, with fine canopies, 1441. Reginald Barantyn Esq.,
West Grinstead, Sussex. Chalgrove, Oxon.
1444. Sir Wm. de Etchingham, 1445. John Daundelyon, 'Gentil-
wife and son, ditto, Etchingham, man,' Margate, Kent.
Sussex. n. 1445. A Knt., small, Addington,
1444. Nicholas Mansion Esq., St. Kent.
Laurence's Church, Kent. 1451. John Bernard Esq., and
See also Nos. 153—162, 164—169, wife, Isleham, Camb.
171. 1453. Sir Robert Staunton, and
11 Examples are on the figures of lady, under fine canopies, Castle Don-
sons beneath the Knight at Quy, nington, Leicestershire.
Camb., engraved at p. lxxxviii. See also Nos. 166, 170.

lxxxviii

XV. CENT. MILITARY RRASSES.

cross cords and fringes, a circular
pommel, and was suspended diagonally
in front of the body. The genoul
lieres were large, with plates behind
them ; gussets of mail were again visible
at the bend of the knees and insteps,
and the sollerets were acutely pointed.
Lance-rests p, or hooks screwed on to
the right side of the cuirass, are now
first seen on brasses'; as at Green's
Norton, 1462, (No. 177); Hilder
sham, Camb., c. 1465, &c.
Helmets called salades are occasion
ally found on brasses of about this pe
riod. They had moveable visors in
front, and reached down low behind
so as to guard the back of the neck.
Examples are at Castle Donnington,
Leicestershire, 1453 ; Edenhall, Cumb.,
1458; Holton, Oxon, 1461 ; Cirences
ter, 1462, (No. 176); Haccombe, Devon,
1 469 ; Chenies, Bucks, 1484 ; Stokesby,
Norfolk, 1488, &c.

mvM 310. wimroa: yujo

Jobn Dengayn, c. 1460, wife lost, Quy. Camb. '

p See the figure of John Lemen-
thorp, 1510, p. xc.
i The edge of the skirt of the
hauketon, underneath the baguette and
tuilles, is again occasionally perceptible,
as in the kneeling figure of Henry
Unton, ' Chirographorus,' 1470, Scul-
thorpe, Norfolk, also at Hildersham,
and Roydon, 1471, (No. 178). The
following are examples of figures in
the species of armour described in the
text :
1458. Sir Thomas Shernbourn and
lady, Shernbourn, Norfolk.
1459. Robt. Eyr Esq., and wife,
Hathersage, Derbyshire.

c. 1465. Thos. Cobham Esq., and
wife, Hoo, Kent.
1465. Wm. Burghs, Esquires, (two
figures with large mentoniires,) Cat*
teric, Yorks.
1467. Henry Green Esq., in tabard,
and wife,Lowic, Northants.
See also Nos. 173, 175, 177.
r The inscription is more perfect in
the Collect. Cantab. 1750, p. 236.
[©rate pro anlmafius Slofjamus 5Den=
Barm, Bomini istitts ¥fllt, ac primi
f  trie tonsortisque sue. figul
qit(Bem] 31of)ts outft pnuthimo Die
jfKlensis ffebrttarij &nno ....

XV. CENT. MILITARY BRASSES.

lxxxix

About the year 1470, certain peculiarities,
some of which are met with several years be
fore, became prevalent. The cuirass had a
projecting edge in front called the tapul : the
demi-placcates s, pauldrons, and genoullieres,
were composed of two or three overlapping
plates, the pauldrons covered the back of the
shoulders, motons were worn over a gusset of
mail at the right armpit, and the elbow-plates
were of large size. The gauntlets had large
overlapping plates to cover the back of the
hand, and small separate pieces of steel to
protect the fingers. The tuilles were not on
so large a scale, although the skirt of taces was
still worn short ; and they often alternated with
tuillettes, or small tuilles. Collars and skirts of
mail', usually with vandycked edges, were now
worn, and the various pieces of plate were ridged,
fluted, and ribbed, and had also invecked
edges. The Knights were often inconsistently
represented standing on a ground with flowers, &c, while their
heads rested on tilting helmets, with highly ornamented mantlings.
Collars of suns and roses were frequently wornu (see p. Iii).
The next change that took place was shortly before 1480; the
hair was now worn long, and the armour was subject to much less
variation. The breast-plate had a tapul, the demi-placcate was often
omitted, and lance-rests were of frequent occurrence ; the pauldrons
were smaller, usually of two plates equal in size, with projecting edges

Thomas Playters Esq ,1479,
Sotherley, Suffolk, (Ho. 179).

' The figures in the illuminations to
Froissart (c. 1460 — 1480), generally
wear demi-placcates; but that part of
the body which is not defended by
them, is clothed in a coloured vest ; it
is therefore probable that the placcate
was sometimes worn over a hauberk,
or perhaps a quilted garment, instead
of the breast-plate,
* That these were mere fringes, or
short skirts, is evident from a cuirass
forming part of the bearings of a shield
on a brass, at Hinxworth, Herts, 1487.
u Examples of brasses of about this
period are the following:
1454. Wm. Ludsthorp Esq., Wark-
worth, Northants.
1467. Sir Wm. Vernon, and lady,
Tong, Shropshire.
c 1470. Sir Wm. Yelverton, and

lady, Rougham, Norfolk.
c. 1470, (1492). Sir Henry Grey,
and lady, Ketteringham, Norfolk.
1472. Robert Ingylton, and three
wives, under a quadruple canopy,
Thornton, Bucks.
1473. Sir John Say, and lady, with
arms on dresses, Broxbourne, Herts.
1477. John Feld Esq., in tabard,
Stan don, Herts.
1480. John Fitz Geoffrey Esq., and
wife, Sandon, Herts.
1483. Henry Bourchier, Earl pf
Essex, and Couniess, Little Easton,
Essex. 1484. Sir Thomas Peyton, and
wives, with canopy, Isleham, Camb.
1485. John Seyntmour Esq., and
wife, Beckington, Somerset.

xc

XV. CENT. CIVILIANS.

rising perpendicularly, that on the left
shoulder being generally higher than
the other. Two tuilles were attached
to the front of the taces, and fre
quently two at the sides. Gussets of
mail were ordinarily placed at the right
armpit and insteps ; the skirt of mail
had a straight edge, and was often slit
up in front. The sword was suspended
at the left sidex, and the dagger at the
right, the latter being larger than in
earlier examples ; the genoullieres had
very small plates above and below
them, and the sollerets or sabbatons
were of a disproportionate size, and
with round toes. Tabards were fre
quently worn, and jewelled Tau-crosses
were suspended round the neck.
Brasses of knights thus accoutred are
numerous ?.

John Lementhorp, 1510, Gt. St. Helen's
Bishopfeate Street, London (No. 201}.

Civilians. The brasses of the period
under consideration furnish numerous
examples of the costume of the gentry, and the wealthier classes
of citizens, of which the wool merchants were the most pro
minent. The mantle, as a part of the ordinary dress, is found only at
the very commencement of the century ; fine instances are at Dart-
ford, Kent, 1402 ; Hildersham, Camb., 1408 z ; and Higham Ferrers,
Northants, 1425, after which time it was retained as a distinctive
garment of judges, mayors, and other civic functionaries3. The

* This was not invariably the case,
at N. Mimms, Herts, on the brass of
Henry Covert, 1488, it is hung in front
of the body. The same arrangement
occurs as late as 1539, and 1587, at
Acton, Suffolk, and Clifton, Sussex.
y A few instances will suffice :
1478. John Welbek Esq., and
wife, Putney, Surrey.
1492. Piers Gerard Esq., in tabard,
under a fine triple canopy, Winwick,
Lancashire. 1494. Wm. Catesby Esq., in tabard,
and wife, with fine canopies, Ashby
St. Leger's, Northants.
1494. Walter Duredent, wives,
and twenty-six children, Denham,
Bucks.

2 This brass, which consists of two
figures kneeling beside a cross with a
symbol (£, p. xlvi.) of the Holy Trinity
in the head, appears to be of earlier
execution than the date assigned.
Those at Dartford and Higham Fer
rers, are of civilians and their wives
under double canopies.
¦ A few of the brasses of the latter
class may be enumerated :
1432. Robt. Baxter, mayor, and
wife, St. Giles', Norwich.
1433. Simon Seman, alderman,
Barton, Lincolnshire.
1436. Richd. Purdaunce, and wife,
St. Giles', Norwich.
c. 1400. Civilian, and wife, Gt. St.
Helen's, London.

XV. CENT. CIVILIANS.

XC1

tunic or gown had a long skirt reaching to the ancles, and slit up for
a short distance in front at the lower part ; its collar covered the
neck, and was buttoned up close under the chin : the sleeves were
almost invariably very full and deep, but close at the wrists, and in
early instances fastened there by a single button, the mitten sleeves
of an under dress emerging beneath. The tunic is girt round the
waist by a narrow belt, which is sometimes loosely buckled in front.
The lining of fur appears at its edges.
The brasses of persons of importance had
an anelace, or couteau-de-chasse attached to
the left sideb- The hood round the neck gra
dually fell into disuse ; a late example is at
Burford, Oxon, 1437. The legs are clothed
in tight hose, and the feet in shoes or half-boots
usually laced up at the sidesv and sometimes
embroidered, as at Margate, Kent, 1431 ; more
rarely they are tied across the instep. As
late as c. 1460, the hair was worn as at the
close of the last century, together with the
slight beard and moustaches0; but c. 1420,
the latter began to be discarded, and the hair
was cropped straight across the forehead and
round the head : after 1480 it was always
worn long.
Towards the middle of the century, the
" tunic became rather shorter, and its sleeves
less full ; and the hose and shoes were of one
piece, with very pointed toes. The brass of Jot"1 ?°nje, wooiman, 1451,
. . Chipping Norton, Oxon*.
John Yonge, at Chipping Morton, is a good
- specimen of the costume of this date.
About 1470 the tunic or gown reached to the ancles; it had an
opening entirely up the front, but on brasses this is represented as
closed : the sleeves were narrow, and of uniform breadth throughout ;

1477. John Feld, alderman, and
son, Standon, Herts.
1478. Thos. Rowley, under-sheriff,
and wife, St. John's, Bristol.
1480. John Brown, and wife, with
mutilated canopy, St. Mary's, Stam
ford. 1487. John Lambard, and wife,
Hinxworth, Herts.
b John Lyndewode, 1421, at Lin-
wood, Lincolnshire, has a separate belt
to the anelace. He is represented be
neath a fine single canopy, standing on

a woolpack, on which is his merchant's
mark. The beautifully executed little
brass of Edward Courtenay, c. 1460, at
Ch. Ch., Oxford, has apparently a
knife and fork sheathed in the scab
bard of the couteau-de-chasse. A late
example of the latter is at Steventon,
Berks, 1476.
0 See p. lxxiii.
rt This figure, that of the wife, and
several other figures and inscriptions,
are lying loose in a garret in the house
of one of the Churchwardens.

XV. CENT. LADIES..

the under sleeves were
occasionally buttoned (?)
beneath ; the anelace was
superseded by a short ro
sary, and a gypciere or
pouch attached to the
girdle e. A hood, usually
Gypciere from the brass of
Thomas Baiary, Mercht. st of a dark colour, and con-
Mary Tower Church, Ipswich, . .
(No. 310). sisting of a crown or cap
with a long scarf attached to it, was now fre
quently thrown over the shoulder, and the shoes
were distinct from the hose. This dress is found
on brasses quite at the close of the century, but
c. 1490, the gown was thrown open in front,
either above or below the girdle, and some
times both, and therefore exposed to view the
lining of fur ; the sleeves were loose, with large
fur cuffs, the shoes had broad toes, and the
hood is rarely found. A good example of this
J or Robert Wymhy 11, Notary, 1SC6,
costume is a notary at St. Mary Tower Church, st.MaryTowerchurch,iPswich.
. . . (No 310)-
Ipswich, of which au engraving is annexed'.
Ladies. The costume of the ladies, as is usual, presents a greater
variety than that of their husbands, although they much resemble
each other in their general features. During the first ten years of
the century, the dresses which were worn at the end of the four
teenth are still seen on a few brasses. The nebule head-dress is
found as late as 1410, at Great Tew, (No. 152,) and the reticulated
coiffure surrounding the face is seen on a small but elegant brass

e The pouch is affixed to the belt of
Simon de Felbrig, c. 1380, Felbrigg,
Norfolk ; another early instance is on
a small figure in the Flemish brass at
Newark, 1361.
f The brasses of civilians of this cen
tury are so numerous that they may
he dismissed with a few examples.
1404. John Rede, with triple canopy,
Checkendon, Oxon.
1409. Edmund Cook, with anelace,
small, Gt. Berkhampstead, Herts.
c. 1410. Harry Notingham, and
wife, with anelace, Holm hy the Sea,
Norfolk. 1411. Thos. Fayreman, mcht., and
wife, much worn, St. Alban's Abbey.
1417. Geoffrey Barbur, mcht.,
demi-figure, now in St. Helen's, Abing
don, Berks.

1420. John Urban, and wife, South-
fleet, Kent
1430. Henry Brudenell, and wife,
Amersham, Bucks.
c. 1430. Small figure, with anelace,
Hoo, Kent.
1433. Thomas Carew, and wife,
Beddington, Surrey.
14(4 ?)4. Robt. Pagge, and wife,
under fine canopies, Cirencester.
1437. Robert Skern Esq., and wife,
Kingston, Surrey.
c. 1440. Merchant, and wife, Dun
stable, Beds.
1442. Peter Stone, with anelace,
Margate, Kent
1447. Thos. Fortey, Wm. Scors,
and their wife, under fine canopy,
Northleach, Gloucestershire.
1455. Richd. Manfeld, brother, and

XV. CENT. LADIES.

XC111

of a lady, 1401, at Goring, Oxon, (No. 252). Joan and Alice Han-
ley, 1403, at Dartmouth, (No. 147.) and Margaret Bagot, 1407, at
Bagmton, (No. 150,) have their hair dressed in large plaits beside
the face. The veil head-dress is of frequent occurrence.
The usual habit worn by ladies of rank at the commencement of
the century was a tight-fitting kirtle, low at the neck, sometimes
girded across the hips, (Little Casterton, Rutland, c. 1410?) and
with tight sleeves buttoned underneath the fore-arm, and partly
covering the hands : over this was worn the mantle. The head
attire usually accompanying this dress is called the crespine : it was
a netted caul worn over the head, confining the front hair over the

MARIA STO.ORTON (•) 1404. 8AWTRBY, HUNTS
forehead, and in two small bunches above the ears. Over this, a
veil or kerchief was thrown, which fell down behind, and on the

sister, Taplow, Bucks, see p. xcvii. note
P- 1458. John Fortey, woolman, under
fine canopy, Northleach.
c. 1460. Civilian, and wife, New
Shoreham, Sussex.

1462. John Frankeleyn, and wife,
Chearsley, Bucks.
1485. Wm. Goldwelle, and wife,
Gt Chart, Kent
14:3. Roger Harper, mcht., and
wife, kneeling, Axbridge, Somerset

XC1V

XV. CENT. LADIES.

shoulders at each side.
This costume is well
shewn by a beautiful
figure at All Saints',
Sawtrey, Hunts.
Over the kirtle was
often worn another gown,
which had likewise close
sleeves, was buttoned
either entirely up the
front, or close up under
the chin only, with the
collar turned over ; it also
was often secured by a
girdle. The brass at Gor
ing, before mentioned,
furnishes a good exam
ple of the habit worn
by ladies c. 1400, the
head-dress being varied,
and the mantle often
omitted £.
Throughout the cen
tury the sideless dress
was frequently worn over
the kirtle and under the
mantle ; the ornament
down the body is seldom
found except in early ex
amples ; the edges of the
openings are bordered
with fur, and the girdle
of the kirtle is sometimes Elizth.— ,1101, Gorins, oson.(No. 252).
visible through them, as at Heme, Kent, c. 1420. The length of
this dress varied very much ; it frequently reached only to the hips,
sometimes below the knees, but more generally it covered the feet,
in which case it had often a facing of fur at the bottom'1.
After c. 1420 the sleeves of the kirtle extended no farther than

* See Nos. 250—254. In the figure
at Goring, the kirtle is worn without
the upper robe. It is however in this
case, with the exception of the mitten
sleeves, very similar, and affords a

good illustration of the costume of tlie
period. h Perhaps this in some cases is a
part of the kirtle.

XV. CENT. LADIES.

XCV

the wrists, and were no longer secured with buttons; the kirtle itself,
and especially the mantle, were frequently charged with armorial
bearings. These dresses are found in conjunction on brasses during
the whole century.
Soon after the commencement of the
century (c. 1415) the side cauls of the
crespine head-dress were always of
large size ; and either square, (as at
Broughton, Oxon, 1414,) or more
frequently their out;er edges were ele
vated above the forehead, so as to form
horns' ; hence these head-dresses were
called horned or mitred head-dresses;
or when the horns were of slight ele
vation, lunar and heart-shaped. Over
all these coiffures were generally placed veils, which covered the
forehead, and were dependent behind. About the same time small
chains, with crosses or other ornaments attached to them, were often
suspended round the neck.
The close sleeved robe was occasionally worn over the kirtle in
the earlier half of the century : examples are at Wandborough,
Wilts, 1402 ; Northleach, Gloucestershire, 1447, &c, and always
formed part of the dress of widows, who wore also the veil head
dress and barbe. After c. 1460 the latter is seen covering the
shoulders like a cape, the veil head-dress being worn shorter*.
Such is the dress of ladies of the upper class ; but that which
was common to all ranks in the fifteenth century was a long gown

Philippa Byschoppesdon, 1414,
Broughton Ozon

• See the engraving of Elizth. Poyle,
p. xcvi.
k Fine examples of all these dresses
are the ladies of the knights enume
rated above. To these the following
single female figures, chiefly in widow's
attire, may be added.
1407. Margt Bromflete, Wimming-
ton, Beds.
1416. Margt Holes, Watford, Herts.
1420. Isabella Brounyng, Wark-
worth, Northants.
1420. Eleanor Cobham, with
canopy, Lingfield, Surrey.
1420. Margt. Arundel, ditto, East
Anthony, Cornwall.
1427. Margt. Argenteine, Elstow,
Beds. c. 1430. Alice de Bryan, with
triple canopy, Acton, Suffolk.
c. 1430. A lady, with single canopy,
Horley, Surrey.

1433. Johanna de Cobham, Cob
ham, Kent.
c. 1440. A lady, with single canopy,
Ash, Kent.
1441. Elizth. Wallche, Langridge,
Somerset 1442. Lady Maria Daubeney,
South Petherton, -ditto.
1446 (c. 1475?) Joyce, Lady Tip-
toft, with heraldic mantle and coronet,
under a fine triple canopy, Enfield,
Middx. 1454. Agnes Molyngton, Dartford,
Kent. c. 1460. Isabel Cheddar, Cheddar,
Somerset. c. 1480. Two ladies of the Clopton
family, Melford, Suffolk, with muti
lated canopies.
c. 1490. Elizth. St. Amand, small,
mural, Bromham, Wilts.
1497. Joan Swan, Stretham, Camb.

XCVI

XV. CENT. LADIES.

put on over the kirtle, and much resembling
the tunic of the civilians ; it was girt under
the breasts, and had very deep sleeves, close
and edged with fur at the wrists, and in early
instances fastened there with a single button :
it had also a high stiff collar buttoned close
under the chin. In later instances the collar
falls on the shoulders, and a short lace is
substituted for the buttons. The heart-
shaped head-dress which is usually worn
with this gown is very seldom ornamented
(see No. 161 ')• The addition of the mantle
is extremely rare ; an instance is at Baldock,
Herts, c. 1410. Sometimes the sleeves,
especially on ladies of rank, resemble those
of the surplice, in being very deep and open
at the wrists, so as to reach to the ground
even when the hands are raised : such pecu
liarities occur on figures at Digswell, Herts,
1415; Booking, Essex, c. 1420; Arundel,
Sussex, 1430; Tame, c. 1430, (No. 158);
Northfleet, Kent, 1433 ; Great Missenden,
Bucks, 1436; Baldwin Brightwell, Oxon,
1439, &c. But after_1460 the sleeves were
always close, and of an uniform breadth
throughout ; the cuffs were large, lined with
fur, and turned back. The gown was open
above the waist, and had a border of furm at
the edges : it sometimes laced up in front,
and beneath it the kirtle is visible, fitting
close up to the neck. The horned head
dress was now often more acutely pointed, as
in the figures of Jane Keriell, c. 1460, Ash,
Christiana Phelip, 1470, Heme, Kent ; and
the veil dependent behind, much shorter.
About the year 1470 the wired or butterfly
head-dress before alluded to (p. lxxvii.) began
to be much in fashion, especially among ladies
of rank ; the hair was strained into a richly
1 Sometime a plain narrow caul was
worn under a veil ; as at Melton, Suf
folk, c. 1430 ; Chipping Norton, Oxon,
1451, 8ic.
™ In the descriptive catalogue this

Elizth. Poyle. 1424,
Hampton Foyle. Oxon.

Anna Playters, 1479, Sotherley,
Suffolk. (No. 179).
has been somewhat incorrectly called
a tippet In some instances it may
have been detached from the gown, but
certainly not in the majority.

XV. CENT. LADIES.

ornamented cap placed at the back of the head, over which a veil
of fine materials was extended, the whole fabric being supported
by wires. The dress usually worn with this preposterous head
gear was a close fitting gown laced tightly up the body", low at
the neck, with a fur edging and cuffs ; the latter were frequently
pulled forward over the hands. The skirt was sometimes gathered
up under the arm, and a plain girdle was worn over the hips, and
had an ornament attached to it by a chain. Rich and broad neck
laces were also now worn. The figure of Anna Playters, at Sotter-
ley, Suffolk, is a good instance of the attire just described. Ro
saries of several sets of beads were now attached
to the girdle, and the heart-shaped head-dress
began to be of smaller dimensions, so as to
become identified with the veil head-dress0.
About 1490 the wired or butterfly head-dress
merged into the pedimental or kennel, which
was also supported by wires, but of much
smaller size, and was destitute of the veil.
The long lappets which formed an angle over
the forehead, and hung down at each side,
are sometimes seen also in the wired head
dress ; but their peculiar shape gave the dis
tinctive title of pedimental. At the same time
the gowns were cut square at the neck, with
fur visible at the edges, at the bottom of the
skirt, and on the cuffs, and a broad ornamented belt was buckled
round the waist.
Besides the head-dresses which have been described, others were
occasionally worn during the century, which it is unnecessary to parti
cularize. It may be noticed, however, that unmarried ladies usually
wore their hair long, a fillet only encircling the head ; as at Lingfield,
c. 1450, (No. 273) ; and Taplow, BucksP. But married ladies are some
times similarly represented, as at Wilmslow, (No. 173,) Tattershall,

Anne Broke, 1518,
JLwelme, Oxon.

" On a brass at Iselham, Camb.,
1484, this dress is covered with a rich
pattern. ° A late instance is at Sharnbrook,
Beds, 1522, (No. 332).
» This figure and another in a
shroud are placed one on either side of
a larger effigy of a civilian ; the inscr.
beneath is so curious as to be worth
transcribing. 3§e« hjtfjl IRnchatB «<= aone antr se
"•Em*
ffif ftobaru JWanfelo Squner St

jKaternne his topfe,
ttmih EaabeUe fjns Susttr bothe noung
St fen re :
©hat at xix netr of age fie Ufte bna
Infe,
82apt& poung 3tof)fi W oroifin be \\)t
seconBe bopfe :
©he peer' full complete of tristis fn
carnacrjon
IRigcharo ¦ oBDe • pe . of • Ban • of .
Uprill. JW. ffiffiCffl-IStb.
ffioB vetoarBt ther soulps • tofit e!tr«
nail saluacpon,

XCVU1 BKASSES OF THE XVI.J.ND XVII. CENTUKIES.
Lincolnshire, 1479, &c. ; this therefore must not be considered as an
unvarying criterion of the brass of a maiden lady 4.

SIXTEENTH AND SEVENTEENTH CENTURIES.
Hen. VII., 1485—1509; Hen. VIII., 1509 — 1547; Ed. VI.,
1547—1553; Mary, 1553—1558; Elizth, 1558—1603; Jas. I.,
1603—1625; Chas. I., 1625—1649; Common., 1649—1660;
Chas. II., 1660—1685 ; Jas. II., 1685—1688.
General Remarks. The brasses at the close of the sixteenth, so
much resemble in character those of the following century, and both
are so much less important than those of an earher date, that it
seemed desirable to consider them together.
In the early half of the sixteenth century the style of engraving
and design had much degenerated ; the former being usually very
coarse, and the latter beginning to partake of the Italian character
which was now in process of introduction into England from the
continent. The diversity of artists also is now apparent ; the brasses
in the eastern counties, especially Norfolk and Suffolk, being some
what inferior to those in other parts of England. Many effigies,
however, of the upper classes present redeeming features ; and most
of those after the middle of the sixteenth century, although defective
in design, are yet of careful workmanship. The brass employed was
generally in thinner plates than before, and shading was largely be
stowed upon the whole design, in order to produce a perspective
effect, which contrasted strikingly with the beautiful simplicity and
ease of the earlier figures.
Brasses on the floor were rapidly losing their original character,
that of recumbent effigies ; and with a few exceptions, chiefly
knights', invariably represented standing figures, which after 1520
were nearly always turned sideways, single figures being generally
inclined towards the left : the attitude is often very constrained.
After the middle of the sixteenth century the ground beneath is a
pavement, or the feet stand on low circular pedestals. Thus it ap
pears that figures on brasses took the lead of stone effigies in their
posture, and were represented as standing, before the latter had
' Brasses of ladies in the costumes r During the sixteenth century many
recently described, are so numerous knights have helmets beneath tlieir
that it seems superfluous to cite exam- heads, and animals under their feet.
pies ; many of them are mentioned in At Biddenden, Kent, the heads of the
the catalogue, and a few more among figures of J. H. Randolph, and wife,
the wives of the civilians, a list of 1685, rest on cushions.
whose brasses has been given above.

XVI. AND XVII. CENTS. MUEAL BRASSES, SHHOUDS, &C. Xcix
raised themselves higher than to lean on thei* elbows. This last
attitude is occasionally seen on brasses of these centuries, as at
Marsworth, Bucks, 1681 (?). Towards the seventeenth century the
posture is much studied, and the figures are somewhat ridiculously
drawn, as if they were sitting, or rather standing, for their portraits :
their bodies are turned sideways, but their faces front the spectator ;
one hand frequently holds a book, and the other is placed on the
breast. This arrangement is especially observable in the children,
who are often placed in pairs beneath their parents.
Small mural brasses are now common, and affixed to the wall,
probably for additional security ; the figures are usually kneeling
at desks, on which open books are lying ; and if the memorial is
that of a knight, his gauntlets are often suspended at the side
of the desk, or lie on the floor with his helmet. After 1560 these
mural brasses perhaps invariably consist of quadrangular plates3
fixed into a stone frame. In fact, brasses had now completely be
come " pictures'," and probably the faces were often likenesses. Of
this kind are the brasses at Queen's College, Oxford, 1616, the im
pressions from which might easily be mistaken for copper-plate
engravings ; and the busts at Llanrwst, Denbighshire11 ; Denham,
and Bletchley (?), Bucks, 1560, 1693.
Demi-figures are rare : they occur at Wyddial, Herts, 1575 ;
Norton Disney, Lincolnshire, c. 1580 ; at York Cathedral, &c,
1585; and Winkfield, Bucks, 1630. Effigies in shrouds, skeletons,
&c, are common ; and if the figures are those of a husband and wife,
the deceased only is at times enveloped in a shroud, the survivor
being attired in proper costume ; of which we have instances at New
ington, Kent, 1501 ; and Edgmond, Salop, c. 1525.
Single brasses of children are exceedingly common during this
period : it is therefore unnecessary to cite more than a few of the
more remarkable instances. At St. George's Chapel, Windsor,
Dorothy and John King, (ten weeks old,) 1630, 1633, are pour
trayed in their cradles. Very frequently children are represented
swathed in a " chrysom," after the manner of a shroud, the part
which wrapped over the head being marked with a cross, and
generally the face only being visible". Such figures are not mi
's See supra, p. xi. This is also the also No. 425. The chrysom was the
case in late brasses on the floor ; the napkin used for wiping off the chrism,
shape of the plate being generally ob- or holy oil, used at Baptism. It was
lone, or if the figure is kneeling, customary to wrap the child in it until
square it was a month old, when the mother
t Seep. xix. at her churching "was to offer her
" See App A, pp. 182, 183, and chrisom and other accustomed offerings."
supra, p. xiii note t Kubric in the 1st Prayer Book of
* As at Taplow, Bucks, 1455 ; see Ed. VI. If the child d.ed previously,

C XVI. AND XVII. CENTS. CHILDREN, CANOPIES, CROSSES.
common on the brasses of their parents, and when the mother
died in childbirth she sometimes holds her dead infant in her
arms ; e. g. Anne Astley, 1512, Blickling, Norfolk ; and Eliz. Death,
1590, Dartford, Kent ; the former" with two children. Sometimes
the mother is represented in her bed, with the dead child lying on
the coverlid ; of which an instance remains at Heston, Middx., c.
1580v. Skulls were placed over the heads of children, especially in
the seventeenth century, to shew that they were dead, and some
times the word " dede" was superscribed, together with the name or
initials. The canopies of brasses just before the Reformation are of a very
debased character ; the crockets are usually very heavy, and recurved
towards the pediment, the soffit of which is often destitute of cusp-
ing. Sometimes the pediments resemble those of th& niches of the
period, consisting of three low arches supporting an entablature,
with the spandrils panelled, the whole being drawn in perspective :
instances are at Wivenhoe, Essex, 1507 ; Ashbourn, Derbyshire, c.
1545, (No. 216z). After the Reformation canopies are very rarely
found, except the small examples on mural brasses, hardly deserving
the name, with flat arches cusped, or composed of scroll-work, and
shields in the spandrils.
Such a convulsion in the habits and feelings of the people as took
place in England at the time of the Reformation, would lead us
naturally to expect a great change in the ecclesiastical emblems, and
the phraseology of the inscriptions. Accordingly, the Latin cross-
brass previously in use is found only in the early part of the sixteenth
century ; as at Launton, Oxon, (with an inscription on the arms) ;
Royston, Herts, c. 1500, (with the five wounds); Sutton, 1516;
Penshurst, c. 1520; and Floore, 1537, (Nos. 436, 437, 438).
A small cross, however, at North Tudenham, Norfolk, as late as
the chrysom served as its shroud, bracket, under a triple canopy, with
Brasses of children thus represented figures of Knts. at the sides, Hunstan-
are at Rougham, Norfolk, 1505, 1510 ; ton, Norfolk.
Lavenham, Sutfolk, c. 1510; Ches- 1509,(1479). John Lord Strange,
ham Bois, Bucks, c. 1515; Hornsey, and lady, Hillingdon, Middx.
Middx., c. 1520; Southfleet, Kent, c. 1510. Anna Phelip, Chenies, Bucks.
1520; Aveley, Essex, 1583, &c. c. 1510. A Knt., Goudhnrst, Kent
y Thorpe,(Regist.RofE,p.773,)men- 1520'. Thomas Bushe, and wife,
tions another at Hailing, Kent, 1587. Northleach, Gloucestershire.
' Brasses with canopies, in the earlier 1529. Edmund Frowsetoure, Dean,
half of the sixteenth century, are the with Saints on the canopy, Hereford
following: Cathedral.
1505. A merchant, and wife, Stoke 1533. Henry Hatche, and wife,
by Neyland, Suffolk. Feversham, Kent.
1506. Sir John Brokes and lady, 1537. Countess of Oxford, Wiven-
(male figure lost,) Cobham, Kent. hoe, Essex.
1506. Sir Roger L'Estrange, on a

XVI. AND XVII. CENTS. INSCRIPTIONS. CI
1625, commemorates Francisca Skyppe, aged two years. Other
symbols, common before the Reformation, are representations of the
Holy Trinity*, hearts, and chalices, as simple devices ; the latter are
especially found in Norfolk. After this era, skulls and cross-bones
with figures of death were the only emblems retained, and were
more of the nature of allegorical figures, in accordance with the
symbolism then so much in fashion ; good examples of which at
Queen's College, Oxford, are fully described in the Appendix, (p.
182, seq.) Small oblong plates, with the armorial bearings of the
deceased, surmounted by his helmet, with crest and mantling, are
common over figures after c. 1550.
The inscriptions of civilians before the Reformation are generally
in English, which is usually very badly spelt, and ungrammatical.
Afterwards the same language became prevalent on the brasses of
all ranks. Inscriptions c. 1520—1550, frequently have lines round
them, and in later times an ornamented border. Roman capitals1
come into more general use about the close of the sixteenth century,
soon after which time the lines of the inscriptions are broken.
The epitaphs of the period under consideration furnish much more
information than those of an earlier date respecting the individuals
whom they commemorate0 : the age of the person is often mentioned,
and sometimes the cause of death, (Hitcham, Bucks,) especially in
the case of women dying in childbirth d. Towards the middle of the
sixteenth century the names of the children are often introduced ;
sometimes a slight sketch of the history of the deceased, and fre
quently verses of an adulatory strain are to be met with.
The sentences, scrolls, and sets of verses in common use in the last
century are also found in this, before 1535 ; in addition to these we
now find others, some of which are given in the Catalogue11 ; and
others again are found at Feversham, Kent, 1533.
Mho so hpnt he thought, InroatBIn St oft
hoto IjatB ft toe« to flttt, frome 6eB bn to ptrtt,
JFrom pttt bnto papn, that neuer shall reasse certapn,
he tuolo not Bo on spn, all pls toorlB to route e.
After the Reformation, the invitation to pray for the soul was
a See p. xlvi, (0.) It is worthy of Elizabeth Denham, " toljo BepnrleB
notice that on the brass of Robert bnto goB on SBKeDneaBap at b of p" cloft
Sutton, at St. Patrick's, Dublin, this at aftemoam ffisler Sffielte p* last Bap of
emblem is covered by a veil, as if it martfje %° B' 1540."
were considered too sacred to be openly d See Nos. 117, 203,324: also Nos.
displayed. 393, and 432.
" See No. 212, Hever, 1538. e Weever, Fun. Mon., p. 625, gives
' As an instance of minuteness may a similar inscr. from Saffron Walden,
be cited an inscr. incised on a stone Essex.
at All Hallows' Barking, London, to

Cll XVI. AND XVII. CENTS. ECCLESIASTICS.
generally discontinued, and " 3f?ere IrjetJj buriro ri)e fioBp," &c. sub
stituted for it : the ancient form, reappeared in Queen Mary's
reign f. At its commencement, the clause "on tohoae soule ffioB Ijabe
mercp," is not uncommon, for example at Northolt, Middx., 156 — ;
Westerham, 1567, (No. 121) ; it is found even later. So many ex
amples of the style of inscription during the sixteenth and following
century are given in the Catalogue, that it is unnecessary to dwell on
them here.
Ecclesiastics. Before the Reformation, the figures are usually
small, with straight hair, and those in Eucharistical vestments often
hold chalices, with wafers inscribed, IHS. The chasuble has gene
rally an orphrey round the edge, and sometimes down the centre also,
especially in large figures : the patterns, as at the end of the last
century, are mostly jewels, or the lozenge-shaped diaper. The vest
ments appear now to be very carelessly delineated on the brasses,
and do not fit well : the maniple or stole is occasionally omitted s.
Several good examples of this century in copes are described in
the Catalogue : a few others are cited in the note below11.
Priests in the almuce and surplice are now common1. The cassock
worn under these, and under the academical dresses, was the same
as the ordinary habit of civilians, and often had buttons (?) beneath
the sleeves. The processional vestments appear on brasses as late
as the end of the reign of Henry VIII. : a few examples occur in that
of Queen Mary ; as at Christ Church and Magdalen College, Ox
ford, 1557, 1558k, but not later. A single exception is the brass of
Samuel Harsnet, Abp. of York, 1631, at Chigwell, Essex; who is
represented in a mitre, rich cope, rochet, and chimere (?), holding a
pastoral staff. Three brasses remain of Bishops of the dates 1554,
1556, 1579, in full Eucharistical vestments1.
f See No. 224, 1562. The epitaph 313.
formerly on the brass of John Mar- * See supra, p. xxxv.
sham, and wife, St. John's Mader- h 1501. Thos. Worsley, Wimpole,
market, 1525, is a curious instance of Camb.
the change of opinion. The original c. 1510, (1517). Dr. Walter Hewke,
inscr. concluded, with Saints on the orphrey, Trinity
$e shall not lose pour charitable Hall, Cambridge.
Beborton 1511. Thos. Wilkinson, Orpington,
ill ffiarBinals ftatie granteB pou xii Kent.
Banes of patBon. 1519. Thos. Swayn, Wooburn Dein-
The plate was afterwards reversed, court, Bucks.
and the new inscr. engraved on the 1545. Thos. Capp, St. Stephen's,
back, "©£ pour tljavltp &c," and it Southgate, Norwich.
concluded " on toI)o»e soules" &c. See See also supra, p. xxxiii.
Cotman's Norf. Brasses, p. xxxviii. ' See supra, p. xxxv.
Instances of religious abuses of the k See p. xxxiv. and No. 82, p. 29.
time, may he seen on Nos. 110, 117. ' See supra, p. xxxi.

XVI. AND XVII. CENTS. ECCLESIASTICS. Clll
It is well known, that the present book of Common Prayer of our
Church directs™ that the " ornaments of the Church, and of the
Ministers thereof, at all times of their ministration," shall be the
same as they were in the second year of the reign of Edward the
Sixth (1549). These were, for the Bishop, " beside his rochette, a
surpless or albe, and a cope or vestment (i. e. chasuble), and his
pastoral staff in his hand, or borne by his Chaplain." For the Priest
ministering the holy Eucharist, " a white albe plain with a vest
ment, or cope:" the assistant Priest and the Deacons, " aibes with
tunicles." In saying or singing the Litany, the Priest was to put on
a " plain albe, or surpless, with a cope." During the morning and
evening prayer, while baptizing or burying, a surplice. In all
cathedrals and colleges, graduates might use in the quire their seve
ral hoods besides their surplices. It does not appear that these
directions were regularly attended to, at least these vestments do not
appear on brasses. One of the principal distinctions between the
albe and the surplice, viz., the apparels of the former being removed,
the use of the two vestments being permitted indifferently, and then
for a short time the wearing the former forbidden (5 Ed. VI.), the
albe therefore appears to have been soon discarded : accordingly we
find on brasses of Priests in the early part of Queen Elizabeth's
reign, the surplice with or without a stole or scarf, and sometimes
a hoodn, but afterwards the usual dress is not the surplice, but the
Genevan, or ordinary civilian's gown ; a skull-cap is also found on
Doctors of Divinity ?
The brasses of Bishops Guest and Robinson, 1578 and 1619, at
Salisbury Cathedral, and Queen's College, Oxford, (No. 122, and
App. A,) are apparently in rochets, black chimeres open in front, with
lawn sleeves attached to them, and scarfs. The latter has a skull
cap, and holds in his hand a pastoral staff curiously inscribed0.
¦" Rubric before Morning Prayer. Bucks.
" See Nos. 119—121, 123, pp. 40— 1591. Henry Wilsha, D.D., Stor-
42. The chasuble or vestment seems rington, Sussex.
to have been occasionally worn as late 1602. Wm. Lucas, Clothall, Herts.
as the seventeenth century. The cope 1608. John Burton, Burgh, Nor
as late as the eighteenth, especially on folk.
great occasions ; it is even now used 1610. Isaia Bures, Northolt, Middx.
at coronations. See Hierurgia Angli- 1614. Humfrey Tindall, D.D., Ely
cana. Cathedral.
0 The following is a list of a few 1615. John Wythines, Vice-Chan-
brasses of Ecclesiastics, after the Re- cellor of Oxford, and Dean of Battle,
formation. Battle, Sussex.
1560. Sir Leonard Hurst, under a . 1693. Edward Taylor, Bletchley,
pue, Denham, Bucks. Bucks.
1574. John Metcalfe, Stonham See also No. 124, and App. A, pp.
Aspal, Suffolk. 183, 184.
1589. John Garbrand, Crawley,

CIV XVI. AND XVII. CENTS. MILITARY BRASSES.
Military. The armour worn during the reign of Henry VIII.
was much the same as that in use at the end of the last century : the
chief difference being the usual addition of pass-guards, or small
plates fixed perpendicularly to the top of the pauldronP, and answer
ing more completely the purposes of defence than the upright edges
of the latter. The pauldrons were now composed of several plates,
often with invecked edges, and reaching lower down the arms than
before. The cuirass was of a globular form, occasionally protected
by one or more demi-placcates, and fluted, or covered with scroll
work in imitation of the rich chasing so much employed at this
period. Examples are at Yetminster, 1531, (No. 211); and Haw-
stead, Suffolk, 1557. The tuilles are sometimes omitted, as on some
Norfolk brasses, (No. 200) ; or one tuille only is worn in front ; this
is especially the case when a large skirt of several small oblong plates
was represented, which was perhaps intended for the skirt of lam-
boys. Examples are at Wrotham, Kent, c. 1520; Moulsoe and
Nettleden, Bucks, 1528, and 1545; see also Nos. 199, 207. To
these a tuillette was attached in front, and two at the sides. Ro
settes were often placed as ornaments on the coutes and genoullieres,
the latter were frequently of large size, and with side plates. Chains,
supporting St. Anthony or Tau crosses, were commonly worn round
the neck.
About the year 1550, the breast-plate was made long waisted, and
had two tassets attached to it instead of the tuilles ; these were simi
lar in shape to the tuilles, but were composed of several overlapping
plates rivetted together, with the lower edges rounded off.
The tassets probably arose from the division of the skirt of taces
by an arched aperture in its centre. The collar of mail was super
seded by a gorget of plate i; the pauldrons were large and fluted, and
sometimes resembled morions or steel caps, and the upright edges
were often scroll-shaped ; the brassarts, &c. were often composed of
several plates, and the skirt of mail had a vandycked edge. The beard
is now generally long, and moustaches worn, but the hair is cut short :
frills encircle the neck and wrists, which fashions are also observable
on the brasses of civilians. The tabard, though of frequent occur
rence in the beginning of the centuiy, is rarely found after 1560 ; as
at Melbury, Sampford, 1562, (No. 223). Helmets are seldom seen
on the heads of knights ; examples are at Norton Disney, Lincoln
shire, c. 1580, and Cardington, Beds, 1638. About the date 1580,

p See engraving at p. xvi. Lancashire, 1548 ; and Sotterley, 1547,
* In a few brasses the camail, or No. 218.
hood of mail, still appears ; as at Sefton,

XVI. AND XVII. CENTS. CIVILIANS.

cv

the armour assumes the form represented in
the annexed engraving ; the pauldrons are
large, and fastened on the shoulders by arming
points ; their edges, and those of the tassets,
are usually escalloped; the latter are often
square at the bottom, and worn over the
stuffed breeches, or trunk hose, round which
they were sometimes strapped ; the skirts of
taces and mail have completely disappeared.
The coutes are small, and the rivets of the
different portions of the armour are plainly
represented. The sword has the modern
guard-hilt, and to that of the dagger a small
scarf is frequently attached ; this may be seen
in figures turned sideways, which shew the
dagger suspended by a short cord from the
sword-belt. The sollerets have the toes more
pointed. This kind of armour remained in use
till about the middle of the seventeenth century,
after which time brasses of knights are of very
rare occurrence. From the beginning of the
century, however, the tassets were generally
longer, (Great Chart, Kent, 1 680 ?) and the
armour below the knees was abandoned for the
heavy jack-boots, with tops spurs and spur-
leathers. Instances are at Dinton, and Hitcham,
Bucks, 1628, 164lr, &c.
Civilians. The same dress which was worn
at the end of the last century appears on
brasses as late as c. 1540. But about the
year 1525, the gown was shorter, with long
false sleeves, which had slits at the upper
part of their sides for the passage of the fore
arms, the lower portion hanging down use
lessly below the elbow8. The gown was now

& Knt.e. 1590, Margate
Kent

Thomas Woke, Esq.. l.'C;
Shottesbrooke , Berku ,
(No. 358).

r Brasses of armed figures, espe
cially of Esquires of the Royal House
hold, and those of civilians and ladies,
are so common in this century, that it
is needless to cite further examples.
" Slits through which the arms
might be passed at pleasure, were first
cut in the sides of the shorter sleeves
worn just before the introduction of

the long false sleeves. Examples are
at Aldenham, Herts, c. 1520; Churches
in Norwich ; St. Mary Magdalen's,
Canterbury, 1492, &c. : in the latter
example the arms are passed through
the apertures. In the illustrations to
Froissart, c. 1460—1480, similar
sleeves are frequently delineated,

CV1 XVI. AND XVII. CENTS. LADIES.
no longer girded, but thrown open in front so as to shew its lining
of fur, and also the doublet ; which was a kind of frock coat with tight
sleeves, and a short skirt, and usually secured round the waist by a
girdle, or sash, to which a gypciere was occasionally attached'. The
legs were clothed in hose, and on the feet low shoes were worn.
This dress, with slight variations, continued in use until nearly the
close of the seventeenth century.
After 1580, the gown is often destitute of the lining of fur, the
sleeves are generally striped, especially on the shoulders, from behind
which they eventually depended as mere strips, and in very late ex
amples were ornamented with braid at their upper part; round the
neck, ruffs were regularly worn, and frills encircled the wrists. The
doublet was now longer waisted, buttoned up in front, and had
usually a short skirt hanging over the trunk-hose, which were now
much in fashion ; these were short breeches, reaching a little above
the knees, stuffed with hair, and striped. Soon after the commence
ment of the seventeenth century, knee-breeches were worn instead,
which were fastened by garters, or buttoned at the sides ; stockings
and shoes completed the costume. But short cloaks with falling
collars instead of the civilian's gown, are now seen on the brasses of
gentlemen, who wear also jack-boots and rapiers. The figure of
Benjamin Greenwood Esq., 1773, at St. Mary's Cray, Kent, is
perhaps the latest illustration of male attire which brasses afford.
He is represented in a wig, an embroidered waist-coat, knee-
breeches, &c, and a straight coat with large sleeves, having buttons
on the cuffs. Many brasses of Mayors and Aldermen of the six
teenth century remain, especially at Norwich ; the dress consisted of
a red gown, and a brown mantle ; Mayors appear to have worn in
addition a short black scarf round the neck.
Ladies. The pedimental and veil head-dresses were still worn ; the
gowns fitted tight to the body and arms, and were lined with fur, which
appears at the neck, the cuffs, the bottom of the skirt, and in some in
stances at the edges of closed openings in front of the dress. The last
circumstance is especially seen in the brasses of Norfolk and Suffolk,
which are also distinguished by a bag suspended at their girdles, in
addition to the rosary". To the front of the girdle, one, two, or
three rosettes were frequently attached, from which a chain generally
depended, bearing some ornament, or pomander box for containing
scent or preservatives against infection. The gowns were often so
1 The wearing of rosaries was dis- " See engraving of Anne Duke,
continued after the Reformation. 1551, at p. xviii.

XVI. AND XVII. CENTS. LADIES. CV11
long in the skirt, as to require to be tucked up at one side under the
arms : and sometimes also in front kept from touching the ground by
having its edge turned up and fastened in two places by a band
passing round the hips. Examples of this curious fashion are at
Necton, and Hockwold, (?) Norfolk ; Belstead, Little Waldingfield,
and Hawstead, Suffolk ; Alderiham, Herts, &c, all about the date
1530—40. Jewelled crosses were suspended round the neck of
ladies of distinction, who still wore the sideless dress ; a late example
occurs at Cobham, Kent, 1529 ; after which date both it and the
barbe are not seen. Heraldic mantles occur as late as 1560.
About 1525 the gown became low and square at the neck; the
sleeves were rather shorter, and had loose and wide cuffs. The
under-dress was therefore partially seen ; ' it was puckered at the
neck, and its sleeves were close, striped longitudinally, and gathered
into little knots (?) beneath the arms. The figure of Isabel Curson,
Waterpery, 1527 x, is a good example of this costume. The lappets
of the pedimental head-dress were now turned
up, and so resembled very nearly the " Paris-
head," a kind of close cap projecting forward
at each side of the face, with a jewelled fillet
over the forehead, and a lappet dependent
behind (see the annexed engraving). This
kind of coiffure appears on brasses of about
the date 1545, and was the first that allowed
the hair to be exposed, which is now seen parted
across the forehead. A.bout the same time the
dress was worn open in front, and its collar was
ornamented with scroll-work, or edged with fur,
and thrown back ; it was either sleeveless, or
with sleeves covering the shoulders only, where UnmM'' Daika <No m6>
they were puffed and slashed, and sometimes extended a little way
down the arm, or depended in lappets from the back of the
shoulders. The kirtle, or under-dress, was now very conspicuous ;
it fitted close up to the neck, had striped and puffed sleeves, and
a richly diapered skirt ; sometimes, however, it was plain, and
concealed by the upper gown fastened in front by bows. Frills
or ruffs encircled the neck and wrists ; small sashes were frequently
worn; and mirrors, books, jewelled tablets, fans, &c, were sus
pended from them by cords y. This costume was worn throughout
the latter half of the sixteenth, and at the commencement of the fol-
* See engraving at p. xvi. 1577, at p. xviii, in which the sleeves
? Sec the engraving of Anne Rede, are also fastened by bows.

KTJBBINGS OF BRASSES.

lowing century. About the year 1590 the hair was brushed back
from the temples, the centre of the " Paris head" depressed so as to
resemble the horned head-dress, and the lappet at the back thrown for
wards over the top of the head : over this coiffure, broad-brimmed hats
wreathed round the crowns, and large calashes, or veils falling low
behind, were occasionally worn : large ruffs, sometimes of an immense
size, such as those seen in the portraits of Queen Elizabeth, surrounded
the neck. The kirtle was now very long, with highly ornamented
stomacher and skirt, the former peaked at the waist, and projecting
suddenly over the hips, above which the over-gown was secured by
a sash or narrow girdle : the top of the skirt was adorned with a
flounce, and the neck and arms with necklaces and bracelets of jewels.
Good examples of this costume are at Sawbridge worth, c. 1600;
Easton, 1601, (Nos. 388, 390); Bradford, Wilts, 1601, &c. Anne
Bedingfield, Darsham, 1641, (No. 414), and a similar figure at Ash,
Kent, shew curious ladies' dresses of a different style. The three
kneeling figures of the wives of Nicholas Toke, Esq., at Great Chart,
Kent, at the close of Charles the Second's reign, wear their hair
long and braided across the forehead ; tight bodices, gowns laced up
in front, low at the neck, with short sleeves ; and hold books and
flowers in their hands. Still later, the brass of Philadelphia Green^
wood, 1747, St. Mary Cray, Kent, exhibits the costume worn in
George the Second's reign ; namely, a gown with tight sleeves and
embroidered skirt, a plaited neckerchief, and a veil thrown over the
head and falling behind to the ground.

These then are the chief facts and considerations which it appeared
desirable to bring together, as an introduction to the profitable study
of monumental brasses, the discrimination of their dates.and various
styles, and the due appreciation of their beauties.
Respecting the method of copying brasses and incised slabs, little
need here be said, as the subject has been fully explained in the
article on brasses in the Archaeological Journal2. It is well known
that the composition similar to lithographic ink, termed heel or
pouch-ball, and manufactured by Messrs. Ullathorne, of Lincoln's
Inn Fields, has been the usual material employed for rubbing them on
white paper ; and experience has shewn that, for economy of time
and expense, durability, cleanliness, and distinctness of the tran
script, it is unsurpassed. It is therefore well suited to large collec
tions, which it is recommended should be made on narrow paper (23
2 Quoted supra, p. ii, note g, seq.

DEMOLITION OE BRASSES. C1X
in. wide), as being more portable ; and it will be found by far the best
plan, if time permits, to rub the brasses clean, i. e. without going
over the edge, which may be first marked out by rubbing with the
finger : cutting out and pasting should be avoided as much as pos
sible. The copies may be afterwards retouched ; but this can hardly
be done without destroying the sharpness of the original lines, and
obscuring the smaller onesa. The shields and dresses may be
coloured, by being first lightly rubbed with lead pencil, and after
wards painted.
To those, however, who are desirous of obtaining a more exact
fac-simile of the brass plates, Mr, Richardson's metallic rubber will
be found to answer their purpose entirely. The materials used, and
the effect produced, are too generally known to require further notice.
The old plan of obtaining impressions employedabout 1780 by Craven
Ord, and Sir John Cullum, was by means of damp paper and printers'
ink ; by which the copy, though quickly obtained, was necessarily
reversed, and therefore extremely inconvenient for decyphering
inscriptions. It is obvious from what has been stated above (p. xii.) of the number
of surviving brasses, that the present collection, although it contains
several of the most interesting examples, forms but a small portion,
probably about one eighth, of those which are still undestroyed. It
is much to be desired that rubbings of the remainder be added to it
as soon as possible, so that there may be at least one collection that
shall present to the Archaeologist and the student a complete view of
these widely scattered and often inaccessible memorials. And this is
the more requisite, as every year, nay, almost every day, is detracting
from their number or perfection.
A reverence for the monuments of the deadb seems to be a feeling
so inseparable from our nature, that it is almost inconceivable by
what means the sepulchral brasses of this country should ever have
been brought to their present condition. There are two periods in
our history when they seem especially to have suffered.
a Rubbings taken with heel-ball are drawings of brasses made with pre-
susceptible of a high polish if rubbed pared ink.
with a silk handkerchief, a hat-brush, " " Amongst the Romans, the de-
or other soft substance. They can facing them was punished by severe
also be transferred to stone or zinc, pecuniary mulcts, cutting off hands,
and numerous copies thereby printed, banishment, and sometimes by death ;
These rubbings may be also reduced and Solon made a special law for this
for the purposes of engiaving by the purpose. Alex, ab Alex. vi. 14; Cicero
Daguerreotype process. The anas- de Leg. ii. 26." — Staveley on Churches,
tatic, or zincographic printing will be p. 269.
found very useful for multiplying

CX DEMOLITION OF BRASSES.
It is well known that at the Reformation authority was given to
persons in each county to remove from all churches graven images, &c
which had been put to superstitious uses ; and that under pretence of
this commission much spoliation was effected. Among other out
rages the funeral monuments were violated, effigies destroyed, and
" inscriptions, for greedinesse of the brasse, or for that they were
thought to bee Antichristian, pulled out from the Sepulchres and pur
loined," and " dead carcases, for gaine of their stone or lead coffins,
cast out of their graves0."
That these proceedings, however, were neither intended nor ap
proved by the authorities, is evident from a proclamation of the
second year of the reign of Queen Elizabeth, each printed copy of
which was signed by the Queen's own hand, before they were dis
persed throughout her dominions'1. In this document, after reciting
the injury done by " sundrie people, partly ignorant, partly mali
cious, or covetous," to ancient monuments of metal and stone, " by
which meanes not onely the Churches remaine at this present day
spoiled, broken, and ruinated, to the offence of all noble and gentle
hearts, and the extinguishing of the honourable and good memory
of sundry vertuous and noble families deceased ; but also the true un
derstanding of divers families in this Realme is thereby so darkened,
as the true course of their inheritance may be hereafter interrupted,"
all persons are charged to forbear from " such barbarous disorders ;"
the offenders are to be punished with fine and imprisonment, and
provision is made for the restoration of the injured monuments'5.
"Her princely care took this desired effect, that it stopped the main
stream of sacrilege herein, though some by-rivulets thereof ran still
in private Churches, in defiance of all orders provided to the con
trary'." But the demolition of brasses at this period seems to have been
trifling compared with that by the rebellious sectaries in the follow
ing century. From the records of destruction in a few places some
notion may be formed of their wholesale ravages. " In all places,"
says a contemporary writer, " they left some infamous memorial of
their frenzie and hatred of the beauty and magnificence of God's
Houses ; and therefore in every place made it their first business to
rob and deface churches, and violate the Sepulchres and Monuments
of the dead, so they have exprest tlieir greatest hatred against the
Mother Churches^." The enormities committed in most of our Cathe-
0 Weever, p. 51. That the old " Wilkins, Cone. iv. p. 221.
brasses were quickly converted into ' Fuller, Ch. Hist, ubi supra.
palimpsests, is evident from the ex- s (Ryves's), Merc. Rusticus, (Ed.
amples cited at pp. xv, xvii. 1685,) Pref.
d Fuller, Ch. Hist. ix. § 1. 36.

DEMOLITION OF BRASSES. CXI
drals are well known ; they are detailed with painful minuteness by
the same writer". The proof of their ravages was still so evident in
Browne Willis's time that in 1718' he counted about 207 slabs in
Lincoln Cathedral from which brasses had been torn ; and Rawlin-
son found as many as 170 at Hereford Cathedral in a similar con
dition, although he thinks that " this Church met with better
Quarter from the Scottish Covenanters, than most of our Cathe
drals3. " Even now the floors of the Cathedrals just mentioned, and
those of Ely, St. Alban's and Westminster Abbeys, and the Chapter
house, Canterbury, (whither the slabs from various parts of the
Cathedral have been transferred,) not to mention other instances,
contain the empty matrices of many splendid brasses.
These were the deliberate acts of the soldiers under the command
of their leadersj who in many cases stood by and encouraged themk.
They were also approved and rivalled by those in power : in 1643
" the stately Screen of copper, richly gilt, set up by King Henry VII.
in his Chappel at Westminster, was by order of the House reformed,
that is broken down and sold to tinkers;" and in 1652 "it was
referred to a committee to consider what Cathedrals are fit to
stand or what to be pulled down ; and how such as shall be pulled
down may be applied to the payment of the Public Faith1."
But it was not the Cathedrals only that suffered : commissioners
h Ibid. Canterbury, p. 119; Roch- etoient dans l'eglise pour y trouver des
ester, p. 136; Chichester, p. 1 41 ; Win- tresors."— Deville, Tomb, de la Cathe-
chester, p. 147 ; Westm. Abbey, p. drale de Rouen, 8vo. 1833. p. v.
155; Exeter, p. 159; Peterborough, p. i Antiq. of Hereford, 8vo.l717.p.l37.
213 seq ; " Not one Monument es- and Pref. " The Brass Plates on her
caped undefaced." "They sold the grave-stones, as usual, turned into
Brass which they flaied from the graven Cannon against their Prince."— Ibid.
stones." See also Querela Cantabr. p. vii.
(by Dr. Barwick and others) for the k Sandys and Sir M. Livesey at Can-
havoc at Cambridge, and Dugdale's terbury ; Cromwell at Peterborough ;
Troubles (foi. 1681), p. 557 seq. for Purefey at Warwick ordered his sol-
that at Worcester, Lichfield, and Lin- diers to beat down and deface the
coin. At Norwich "what tearing up monuments in St. Mary's Church,
of monuments ! what wresting out of " standing by all the while and en-
iron and brass from the windows and couraging them." — Merc. Rust, p.
graves!" Bp. Hall. Hard Measure, 69. Sir W. Waller, at Chichester,
Works, (Oxf. 1837,) I. Iv. "and the rest of the commanders
1 Survey of Lincoln, p. 31. It is standing by as approvers," &c, p.
remarkable that some of the Churches 141.
in France suffered in like manner from ' Merc. Belg. Whitlock's Mem., p.
the professors of the Genevan heresy. 514, "March 3, 1647, I find a Com-
"Les Calvinistes, maitres un moment mittee ordered by the Commons, to
de la Normandie, dans le xvi. siecle, examine the state of Ely Cathedral
commirent plus de ravages dans la and bring in an Ordinance for selling
Cathedrale de Rouen que les niveleurs the materials," &c. " October 26, an
de 1793." "Apres avoir brise les order passed for the lead of the Cathe-
statues des tombeaux et les tombeaux dral of Worcester to be taken off and
eux-memes,ilslev£renttouteslestombes sold."— Ibid., pp. 277,292. Walker,
de cuivre et autres monuments qui Stiff., pt. i. p. 15.

CXI1 DEMOLITION OF BRASSES.
were appointed in every county to "reform" the parish Churches,
and Dowsing, who performed this office for Suffolk, boasts in his
Journal (pp. 10, 19) of having destroyed 192 brasses in 52 Churches
of that county only : 30 of these were in one Church, (Allhallows,
Sudbury,) and at Wetherden "there was taken up 19 superstitious
inscriptions that weighed 651bs."
It is not, however, the fanatic and the rebel only upon whom we
must charge the dilapidated state of our monumental brasses. Their
combined injuries, wholesale and deplorable as they were, have pro
bably been almost equalled by those arising from the carelessness
and apathy of the proper guardians of them. A want of due vigil
ance at all times, and especially on occasion of any accident or re
pairs done to our Churches, has allowed vast numbers of fine brasses
to be either stolen or mutilated. Thus at Hereford " several were
displaced when the Cathedral underwent its extensive repairs subse
quently to the fall of the west end in 1786, and no less than two
tons weight was sold to a brazier"1." Many that were perfect when
Gough published his work in 1786 — 99, and even at the date of
Cotman's plates (1819), are now sought for in vain, or if found are
sadly spoiled. Several of those of which impressions were taken
by Craven Ord and Sir John Cullum, and deposited in the British
Museum, have also been destroyed".
When any repairs or alterations have been made in a Church, the
brasses have almost always been allowed to become the plunder of
the workmen. It is not much more than a dozen years since those
of Sir William Corbet, and lady, 1403, and probably others, at
Marcham near Abingdon, when the nave was rebuilt, were sold for
five shillings to a builder0. Or if preserved, the brasses are often
broken in the removal and left loose in the parish chest, or sent to
the house of the incumbent or churchwarden, where upon the change
of occupiers they are extremely liable to be lost. That these depre
dations have been continued to the present day, is proved by almost
every page of the following Catalogue. It will be seen that, in

m Britton's Hereford Cath., p. 55. beer, until Mr. Danby, the builder,
Some of these were bought by Mr. greatly to his credit (?), buried them
Gough, from whom happily they have for security beneath a large flag-stone
passed into the safe custody of J. B. in the nave of the church. Such an
Nichols, Esq. instance of vandalism as that effected
B See supra, p. ix, note m. at Warkworth in 1841, has not taken
° During the repairs of Warkworth place in this neighbourhood, since the
Church, Northants, in 1841, among destruction of Banbury Church, in
other atrocities, "all the brasses of 1790." — Beesley's Hist, of Banbury,
this Church, excepting two, were thrown 1841, p. 612. Unhappily numerous
away unheeded, and might have heen similar instances might be cited.
purchased of the workmen for a pot of

CONCLUDING REMARKS. CX111
numerous instances, neither the virtues and rank of the deceased, nor
their benefactions to their country or its institutions, have been able
to protect their memorials from spoliation. Even the brasses of
those who founded and endowed our Churches, Colleges* and Schools,
have been allowed to go to ruin under the eyes of those who are
daily taught, and sheltered, and fed by their pious bounty p.
It is hoped that the present list, and the succeeding additions that
may be made to it, will contribute in some degree to arrest these
depredations; and, by indicating the existing mutilations, and the
sources from which many of them may be supplied, will also aid in
their restoration. From many brasses small portions only have been
stolen ; so that they might easily be renewed in almost their pristine
perfectness0.. It would be something also secured, if those which
are now loose were at once fixed safely r, and those preserved at the
houses of incumbents, churchwardens, parish-clerks, or others, were
replaced in the Churches to which they belong. It is not with any
desire to impute blame, but simply to make them known to the
authorities whose duty it is to watch over these memorials, that as
many such instances as possible have been recorded in these pages ;
in order, as far as may be, to realize the injunctions contained in the
proclamation of Queen Elizabeth before quoted.
If these monuments were worthy of such "princely care" in
1569, the few of them that remain after the lapse of three cen-
p See App. C. Most of the brasses cially of Messrs. Waller, approximate
there cited are in a very dilapidated closely to the spirit of the ancient
condition. For instance, of that of John works. The latter gentlemen have
Fogg, c. 1490, who built the tower and effected a very successful restoration of
enlarged the Church of Ashford, Kent, a brass at Baginton, (No. 150). The
all that is left is the head and a beauti- brasses of Mr. Archer have a. peculiar
ful device of an angel holding an inscr. ; merit, although they are less like the
his two wives are entirely gone. See old examples ; the modern dresses are
also p. xxxi, note i, ad fin., and the tolerably well adapted, a principle
brass of John Lyon, Founder of Har- which ought always to be followed :
row School, (No. 381). Even within it is an evident absurdity to clothe
our own walls in modern times similar effigies, like the Roman Generals in
neglect is observable. The brasses Westminster Abbey, in dresses which
of Robt. Abdy, Master of Balliol Coll., their living originals never wore. It
1494, (see No. 73,) and Alice Ham- is however suggested that when any
den, 1524, until recently were in the ancient peculiarities are introduced,
Church of St. Mary Magdalen; and such as lions under the feet, the rest
within the last three years, brasses of the design, as the canopy and inscr.,
have disappeared from one of the Col- should be as far as possible in keeping
lege Chapels. with them.
q That we have artists at the pre- r In refixing brasses pitch or mastic
sent day capable of restoring satis- melted and poured into the matrices
factorily our mutilated memorials, is should be used, and the nails em-
amply proved by the numerous and ployed should be either entirely of
appropriate modern brasses, (see App. brass, or at least brass-headed, and
B,) which have been engraved and laid driven into small plugs of lead let into
down within the last ten years. Those the slab.
of Messrs. Hardman, and more espe-

CXIV CONCLUDING REMARKS,
taries, are surely deserving of some pains to save them from further
injury. " Although it be very hard to recover things broken and spoiled,.
yet, both to provide that no such barbarous disorder be hereafter
used, and to repair as much of the said monuments as conveniently
as may be, her majesty chargeth and commandeth all maimer of per
sons hereafter, to forbear the breaking or defacing of any parcel of
any monument, or tomb, or grave, or other inscription and memory
of any person deceased, being in any manner of place ; or to break
any image of any kings, princes, or nobles, estates of this realm, or
of any other, that have been in times past erected and set up, for
the only memory of them to their posterity in common churches."
"And for such as be already spoiled in any church or chapel now
standing, her majesty chargeth and commandeth all archbishops,
bishops, and other ordinaries, or ecclesiastical persons, which have
authority to visit the churches or chapels, to enquire by presentments
of the curates, churchwardens, and certain of the parishioners, what
manner of spoils have been made, sithence the beginning of her
majesty's reign, of such monuments, and by whom ; and, if the
persons be living, how able they be to repair, and to re-edify the
same ; and thereupon to convent the same persons, and to enjoyn
them, under pain of excommunication to repair the same, by a con
venient day . . . And if the party that offended be dead, and the exe
cutors of the will left, having sufficient in their hands unadminis-
tered, and the offence notorious, the ordinary of the place shall also
enjoin them to repair or re-edify the same, upon like or any other
convenient plan, to be devised by the said ordinary. And when
the offender cannot be presented, if it be in any cathedral or colle
giate church .... her majesty enjoineth and straitly chargeth the
governors and companies of every such church, to employ such par
cels of the said sums of money (as any wise may be spared), upon
the speedy repair or re- edification of any such monuments so defaced
or spoiled, as agreeable to the original, as the same conveniently
may be."

DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE.

DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE

THE RUBBINGS

o tt u mental 35 r a s si e s
IN THE POSSESSION OF THE
OXFORD ARCHITECTURAL SOCIETY.
PART I.
ECCLESIASTICS.

ABBREVIATIONS, &c.

dau., daughters.
Bvang. symb., Evangelistic symbols.
fern., female.
h. dr., head-dress.
inscr., inscription.
knt., knight, used of any figure in armour.
marg. inscr., marginal inscription.
ped. pediment ; ped. h. dr., pedimental head-dress.
sdwys., sideways, used of figures in profile.
The usual heraldic contractions, quart., quartering, quarterly ; imp.,
impaling ; betw., between, &c.
I. II. III. IV. are used to denote the position of shields on the slab.
I. indicates the upper dexter corner ; II. the upper sinister ; III. the
lower dexter ; and IV. the lower sinister.
When the position of an inscription is not stated, it must be understood
to he immediately below the figure.
In inscriptions the words which are enclosed in brackets are lost, but
are supplied from the works to which a reference is subsequently given.

BRASSES OF
AKCHBISHOPS, BISHOPS, AND ABBOTS.

No. 1.

c. 1350. Part or the Brass of a Bishop or Abbot, in private
possession. Ramsgate.
A small portion of a fine brass of foreign execution, similar to that
at St. Alban's (No. 4), and consisting of the head of a Bishop or
Abbot with portion of the canopy above it. The head, which has a
stunted beard, wears a rich mitre, and rests upon a cushion orna
mented with scroll-work and tassels ; at the left side of the face is
the crook of a pastoral staff, containing the Holy Lamb with cross
and banner. Above is a rich trefoliated canopy, with figures in
niches ; in the centre is the seated figure of the Almighty Father,
holding in a sheet the soul of the deceased wearing a mitre, on either
side a saint holding a candle ; on the right St.  with book and
sword, and St. Paul, with sword ; on the left St. Peter, with key and
book, and a female saint (and martyr ?), holding a palm-branch.
No. 2.
1375. Bishop Wtvil, Salisbury Cathedral.
In the N. E. transept is this large and fine brass, which is the
more valuable from its being a rare instance of a sepulchral memorial
having any allusion to a particular circumstance in the history or
actions of the person represented. The following account is extracted
from Carter's Ant. Paint, and Sculpt, of England, p. 120. A castle,
intended for that of Sherborne, is here represented ; (about which
the Bishop had a dispute with William Montacute, earl of Salis
bury), with its keep and portcullis. In the centre appears a half
length figure of the Bishop, habited in amice, albe, chasuble, mani
ple, jewelled gloves and mitre, and bearing a pastoral staff in his
hand. Beneath this figure, without the door of the outer ward,
stands his champion, in a close coat (or jack ?) with breeches,
hose, and shoes all of one piece : in his right hand a kind of club
or battle-axe, technically called ' fustis cornutus,' in his left a shield.
The upper part of the castle forms a canopy over the figure of the

4 BRASSES OF BISHOPS AND ABBOTS.
Bishop. The whole is surrounded by a marg. inscr., having two of
the four Evang. symb. at its corners, and within it five shields ; of
which three only remain, and exhibit the arms of Wyvil, gu. a cross
betw. 4 mullets of 6 points pierced, or.
[1|fc jacet] ~~~  ,, — conaregautt et congregate bt pastor bigtlans amser=
tiattit Int' enfm alia beffria sua minima CCastrum isce ecclie Be Scbittion p Bucen=
tos annos et amplfus manu militari bialent _~  [occupatnm eftrem ecclie
ut pugil] intrepiBus recupautt at ipi eccKI cbaceam suam Be la 13ere restltut ptu=
rauit qui quarto Vie Septcmbr' anno Bni millfo <&&<S,moTXXBl° et anno tonsetr sue
XTBTE.10 sfcut altfssimo platuit fn Bco fflastro Bebitum uBBiBtt  [quo
spabit et treBiBit tuncta potens.]
See Hist, and Ant. of the Cath. Church of Salisbury, 1719, 8vo. p. 96.
No. 3.
1395. John de Waltham, Bishop of Salisbury.
Confessor Chapel, Westminster Abbey.
A large figure, much worn, and in episcopal vestments ; the cha
suble has a straight orphrey down the centre ornamented with qua
trefoils containing alternately the figures of the B. V. Mary bearing
the infant Saviour on her right arm and holding a sceptre in her left
hand ; and a plain cross. The orphreys of the amice and maniple
are adorned with fleur-de-lys and lions' (or leopards') faces alternately.
The lower part of the figure has recently (at the last coronation ?)
been reaved. The head of the pastoral staff which contained the
figure of the B. V. Mary and Child is also broken off. Of a rich
triple canopy with an embattled entablature of quatrefoils over it,
fragments only remain ; the buttresses were each composed of four
canopied niches, containing figures ; those of " SS. John Evang., John
Beviliac, John Elemosiner, and Peter," with their names inscribed,
were remaining in the last century. Three mutilated niches on the
sinister side, and of a marg. inscr. a single letter, is all that is now
left. John de Waltham was Lord High Treasurer of England, and so
high in favour with Rich. IT. that he was buried in the Confessor
Chapel, being the only person not of royal blood who has obtained
that distinction. For further particulars respecting this and the
other Westminster brasses see Mode's Ant. of West. Abbey.
No. 4.
1396. Thomas de la Mare, Abbot.
St. Alban's Abbey.
This brass, which was formerly inlaid in a stone before the steps
of the high altar, has been lately removed to Abbot Whethamstede's

BRASSES OF BISHOPS AND ABBOTS. 5
chapel, on the south side of the choir, and is broken across the centre.
Its dimensions are 9 ft. 3gin. by 4 ft. 3 J in., and its whole surface is
elaborately engraved. Under a rich canopy is the figure of the Abbot,
bearing a pastoral staff with the " agnus dei" in its head. The
orphreys and apparels are richly embroidered with lions' faces, grif
fins, and human heads, alternately with foliage : the orphrey of the
chasuble is of the pallium shape. The Abbot's hands encased in
embroidered gloves, are crossed, and hang down ; his feet rest on
two dragons. The canopy is composed of a series of niches, con
taining the following figures. At the top, the Deity, holding a small
figure representing the soul of the deceased, on either side an angel,
swinging a censer, and behind these, two others playing upon musi
cal instruments. Behind these last are SS. Peter and Paul, seated,
with their respective symbols. Under these are two figures of larger
size than the rest, with blank labels above their heads, the one, Offa,
king of Mercia, founder of the monastery, crowned and holding a
spear, the other, St. Alban, bearing a processional cross in one hand,
and a sword in the other. Beneath these again are twelve niches,
six on either side, containing figures of SS. John Evang., Andrew,
Thomas, James the Great, Bartholomew, and Philip ? side hy side
with six attendant saints bearing scrolls. The whole of the back
ground is diapered with griffins and trefoils. There is a marg. inscr.
in Lombardic letters, of which the following is all that has been
engraved, the legend having, from some unexplained cause, never
been completed.
& lien araeras jBffijwiOTs OTi©j*ras ^v®Tm%£&. ixmm
HCTEUS itt©W1£S65ROaEl.
At the corners are the Evang. symb. within quatrefoils, and at the
sides similar quatrefoils containing shields, bearing " on a bend three
eagles displayed." A diapered border surrounds the whole, part of
which, with the symb. of St. John, is destroyed. This brass is
evidently of foreign execution, and probably engraved c. 1360. A
detailed account of the life of this Abbot may be found in Newcome's
Hist, of St. Alban's Abbey. 1795.
No. 5.
1397. Robert de Waldeby, Archbishop of York.
St. Edmund's Chapel, Westminster Abbey.
A large figure in archiepiscopal vestments of a plain description.
He has a pall adorned with six crosses pattee fitchee, and bears a
crozier in his left hand, while his right is raised in the attitude of
benediction, and is adorned with the episcopal ring. Over the figure

6 BRASSES OF BISHOPS AND ABBOTS.
is an elegant single canopy, having as its finial the arms of Richard
II., Waldeby's patron, " S. Edward the Confessor, imp. Old France,
and England quart." Two shields have been removed from the
spandrils. Two sides only of a marg. inscr. remain.
>J< lit nlit erptus fn quouis 31u« Ifiobtus
Be ffiRalBebp. Bitt' [nunc est sub marmore stricrus
Sacre Striptuw IBoctor fuft et genfture
Ingenuus mcBlcus, 8c ^lebts semper amicus
^resul Sflurensis post bet '3rrbas ©ublinensis
line fflicestwn3is tanBem] ptimas ebarot.
Cguarto It 3Sanui mtg*tiit tursibj anni
Sepmf. millenl. ter ffi nouies quoqj Beni
Uos precor orate q' sint sibi Bona beate
¦CTum sets bite requiescat et bit sine lite.
See Weever's Fun. Moil., p. 481.
Waldeby was a native of Yorks., and an Austin Friar at Tickhill,
and going to France with the Black Prince, he pursued his studies so
successfully at Toulouse that he was made Professor of Divinity in
that University. His preaching so recommended him to the king
that he promoted him to the see of Ayre in Aquitaine, then to the
archbishopric of Dublin 1387, to the bishopric of Chichester 1395,
and last, 1396, to the primacy of York which he held scarce a year.
He was sent on several commissions about Castile, Arragon and
Navarre. (Gough, Sep. Mon., vol. I. part ii. p. 156.)
No. 6.
c. 1400. Abbot. St. Alban's Abbey.
The lower half of the figure of an Abbot in elegant vestments but
wanting the tunic. On the reverse, and apparently of about the same
date, is engraved the lower part of a female figure with a little dog
at her feet. This brass with six other figures, three inscr. and a
shield, is loose, and kept at the incumbent's house. It belongs appa
rently to a slab in the choir now nearly despoiled of its brass ; the
bottom of the shafts of a single canopy, part of a marg. inscr. with
the Evang. symb. of St. Luke, and the inscr. at the feet of the
figure alone remain. Both these legends are in raised letters of a
bold character, the latter runs thus, —
lie qulBS terra tegitur peccati soluens Bebitfi
ffiul nome no imponitut Sn Ubro bite sit coscrfptu.
The marg. inscr. has each word separated by an animal or some
other device, and is as follows :
'.  JWcus tfluit 3£t En Ttfoufssimo Blc  us Sum TEt lln
ffiaiiu 

BRASSES OF BISHOPS AND ABBOTS. 7
At the sides of this legend have been two shields, and there are also
the matrices of four circles. One of them containing a heart in glory
was in the left spandril of the canopy, in the ped. of which were
formerly the abbey arms. This brass is probably that of John de la
Moote who died 1401. No. 7.
1417. ThomAs Cranley, Archbishop of Dublin, Warden.
New Coll. Chapel, Oxford.
A fine large figure in the archiepiscopal dress, with elegant
orphreys to the amice, stole and maniple, and placed beneath a
triple canopy surmounted by an embattled entablature having richly
decorated circles in the spandrils. He holds a crozier having as its
head a crucifix, of which the arms only now remain. On each side
of his head is a shield, with these arms, a leopard's face in fess point
betw. 3 ducal crowns.
EnceBens siste- . locus aspice quiB tenet iste
^Pontiftcfs gnu . Beuehin torp' tttmulatum
©¦nsfuga qua ternis . Bit bita bites bariauit
J)$tors catnis biuis . sub hvxaa Iectu sibt strauit.
9lnnis bis Benfs . pat' aim' aiupn' egenis
SeBft sactus . fungens bice pontificatus
Spirit' eriptt . no arte balens reuocarf
fijueso pijs ptecib? . slbi brts 3luiiliat«.
The marg. inscr. is now nearly all lost :
H< dFIori pontfficum SCnome ffiranle Beus tstum
•annuit optatum funeris esse locum
Salem nutrfbit locus is quern postea terit
&Juo ubt quesibit requiem cum Iumina flexit
JWffi iunge quater [©] Buples JfcT numera ter
Inbenies annum quo] ruit (stc pater
¦aiBelmi festo cursu mfgrauit bonesto
<5ut circustatis [pvecibus subbenfatfs.] See Wood's Coll., p. 201.
No. 8.
1478. John Bowthe, Bishop of Exeter.
St. Martin's, East Horsley, Surrey.
Against the north wall of the chancel, is the small kneeling figure
of the Bishop in his episcopal vestments : his hands are raised in the
attitude of prayer ; his pastoral staff (which has a rich crook) is sup-

8 BRASSES OF BISHOPS AND ABBOTS.
ported between his right arm and his body. Owing to the peculiar
posture of the figure, the back part of the dress is visible. The mitre
is richly ornamented, and its vittse dependent behind are distinctly
seen, as is also the straight orphrey at the back of the chasuble : the
border at the edge of the latter is adorned with jewels. No tunic is
visible below the fringed border of the dalmatic. Beneath is the
following inscr. .
figuisquis etis qui transieris sta plege plora
Sum q" eris fueraq? qd es : pro me precor ora-
lie facet 3)obes bototfje quoBa lEps lExonieij qui
ffibiit b° Bie mesfs Uprilf s a° Bnt JW°eceCffiffi°3DCX°OTE3°.
At the upper sinister corner are these arms on a shield : Ar. 3
boars' heads, erect and erased, sa. armed or, beneath a label of three
points — , Booth.
In ancient times part of the manor of East Horsley belonged to
the Bishops of Exeter, who occasionally made it their residence.
It is probable that Bishop Bowthe retired thither, being weary of the
troubles into which the kingdom was thrown by the wars between
Edw. IV. and the earl of Warwick. For further information respecting
the history of this Bishop, see Illustr. of Mon. Brasses, by the C. C.
Society, Pt. III. p. 85. No. 9.
1498. John Estney, Abbot. Westminster Abbey.
A figure holding a pastoral staff with the vexillum. His mitre
and the edge of his chasuble are richly jewelled. From his mouth is
a label with this inscr. : TExultabo in Beo 3)bu meo.
Above him is an elaborate triple canopy, the ped. of which con
tains circles filled with tracery. Two shields are lost from the sides
of the head ; that on the sinister side bore the arms of the abbey,
az. on a chief indented or, a crozier on dexter, and mitre on sinister
side gu., the other shield was probably his personal bearings. This
brass was on an altar-tomb in the screen formerly on the south side
of the chapel of St. John Evang. which was destroyed in 1772 to
make room for the monument of General Wolfe, in the pavement
before which the brass is now inlaid. The chamfer inscr. is gone,
but is thus given by Camden (Reges Nobiles, &c. in Eccl. West, se-
pulti, 1606, p. 61.)
lie jacet Baminus iobannes CEstneu. quonBam "Site bulus loci qui obiit nib
Bie mensis JWafi mmo Dom. JW fflCCGEffl XCFE1E cuius animc propicietur JBeus
amen.

BRASSES OF BISHOPS AND ABBOTS . 9
No. 10.
1515. James Stanley, Bp. of Ely.
Collegiate Church, Manchester.
A figure in episcopal vestments ; the mitre, which is mutilated,
and the border of the chasuble, are ornamented with jewels; the
latter has a straight orphrey down the centre : the dalmatic is em
broidered with a rich diaper. The left hand of the effigy holds a pas
toral staff with vexillum, and a rose in the crook ; the right is uplifted
in the attitude of benediction and has a ring on every finger. The
lower part of the figure is lost, and the brass relaid in a fresh stone,
with the following inscr. close to the effigy :
©ff do' cfiarite prae for the soule of James Stanlen sutnme JBushipe of TEla anB
SitarBen of this ffiolege of JWamchestur tobicb BecesseB oute of ibis transitore coorlB
tbe xrij Bane of Jttarch tbe oer' of our 3EotB C&oB Jtt0ffifir.ffiffiffi & XV bpon tobos
soule anB all tristen soul? ihesu baue merco
©me (?) Beo gtatus toto muBo tumulatus : CDrimine muBat' semper transite
paratus : ffilif homi bsq? quo graui cotBe bt quiB Biligit banitatee et querit men=
Bacm : Utinam sapetent et ttelligeret ac nouissima prouiBetef.
No. 11.
1526. John Yong, Warden. New Coll. Chapel, Oxford.
The figure of a Bishop in his vestments, but without the maniple ;
his chasuble and dalmatic are richly ornamented. His head is lost,
as is also the crook of his pastoral staff to which the vexillum is
attached. He wears a ring on every finger. The inscr. is in raised
letters :
>J< ©rate pto ata Softts nong eCaUpolen THpt et custoBfs bui' eCoIIegrj qui obift
•anno arii millmo ffifflfflfflffi  ¦ Bie bero mensis  fflufus amine
propicietur Beus amen.
He was titular Bishop of Callipolis, a city of Thrace, and died March
28th, 1526. No. 12.
John, Bishop of Amiens, in Amiens Cathedral.
The figure of the Bishop habited in a cope and kneeling before the
Virgin, who is sitting on a throne with the infant Christ on her knee ;
behind the Bishop is St. John, with the chalice and serpent, and at
his girdle a pencase and inkhorn. The brass is well drawn and highly
finished, the back ground is ornamented with palm-trees and birds.
Beneath is this inscr. in raised letters :
»J< Sacent tous que reuerenB pere en Bieu mons' maistre 3cban auantage EaBis

10 BRASSES OF PRIESTS IN THE CHASUBLE, &C.
euesque Bamies foBa en so biuat en ceste eljapell messe perpetuelle qui chim jour
Boibt estte Bicte basse pat bng Be Iuniuersite Bes chapellais Be cheens tantost apties
la S messe Bu hreto et apties le son Be la cloche quil Bona pour soner la B messe
et pour tbune faulte. xbi.B BamenBe et restautatio Be messe a appliquier aule
 B  ~~ cbapellafns se haulte messe ou ronecto BesB chapellais ne
prorognet laBicte heme (St ansse a foBe le B . r . p par auant la B messe quatre
obis et messes haulies a Bpacre subBpacre tt Beux choriste aulx tiers jours Besmois
Be freuier mari aoust et nouebie come appert pl' aplai es lettres sur ce faictes Bont
les copies sot ou messel ql Bona alaB unuisite po'Bire les B mese.
No. 13.
John  St. Chad's, Birmingham.
A fine specimen of a modern brass, executed by Messrs. Hardman
of Birmingham from a design of Mr. Pugin's. It represents a Bishop
in pontificals under a single canopy, with a marg. inscr. in raised let
ters, and Evang. symb. at its corners.
>J< ©rate pro anima Domini Bomini Sobannis quonBam bicatii apostolici in
Bistrictu centrali in anglia et bujus collegii funBator (is ?) pater, ane. amen.

BBASSES OF PEIESTS IN THE CHASUBLE, &c.
No. 14.
c. 1310. Richard de Hakebourne. Merton Coll. Chapel.
A demi-figure habited in a chasuble ; round his neck is an amice
with the fylfot and.similar ornaments, these also appear on the apparels
which are carried round the wrists of his albe. His hair is flowing,
his beard very short, and his ears prominent. From behind him issue
the arms of a cross, the finials of which are now lost, as is also the
stem, which had four leaves sprouting from each side. An inscr. in
Lombardic letters (the brass lost) runs round the slab, the lower part
of which has been broken up, and two portions of it relaid in separate
places. >£< IE® : Ea©1E® : JWa«5[ES5I]ElR : MeCaMFS : M : iaiS1£=
[1S©imW]TE : ^©OTajW : U[1EffiS:©m] : W1CTESEE : M : wn:=
JF©m© : <S,VEB% : atfEJTOE : p»©lPffiEffiSEtm : WErJS : ajWEN.
Wood, p. 24, gives this inscr. and says (App. p. 204,) " Rich, de
Hakebourne or Hagbourn com. Berks, one of the first fellows of
Merton college and the last rector of Wolford in Warwickshire, gave
up that rectory into the hands of the college when it was made a
vicarage, in requital for which they allowed him a pension. He died
about 1311."

BRASSES OF PRIESTS IN THE CHASUBLE, &C. 11"
No. 15.
1337. Laurence de St. Maur.
St. Mary's, Higham Ferrars, Northamptonshire.
This is a large and fine brass, representing a priest in vestments
with handsomely ornamented orphreys and apparels ; those on the
sleeves of the albe are not carried round the wrists : on his breast
the words JFili Bei miserere mei :
his feet rest on two monsters. Above his head is a canopy, upon the
arch of which are inscribed the words
Susciplat me xpfsnis qui uocauit me & in slnu abrade angeli BeBucant me.
Over this, in an horizontal row of niches, are figures of the Deity
holding in his left hand an orb, his right elevated in the attitude
of benediction, while two angels stand before him holding in a
sheet the soul of the deceased ; also SS. Peter, Andrew, Paul,
and Thomas, with their respective emblems. The niches containing
these figures are connected by flying buttresses with the pillars which
support the canopy, and these last also are formed by niches with
figures : those on the dexter side are gone, with the exception of
the corner ones, SS. Matthew and Luke : on the sinister side are
the following; 1. St. John Evang.; 2. an angel holding a label;
3. St. John Baptist ; 4. St. Stephen, clad in albe, dalmatic, and
maniple, and holding three stones ; 5. a saint holding a pastoral staff
and a closed book; 6. St. Mark. Underneath is this inscr. :
lie iacet laureei' Be Sco JWauro qu°Ba rector isti' ecce cui' ate rpiciet' Beus.
There are also the matrices of four shields. The brass is now upon
an altar-tomb with a stone canopy which belonged to one of the earls
of Lancaster (?)
No. 16.
c. 1340. A Priest. St. Mary's, Brington, Northants.
A small demi-figure, with a scull-cap upon his head, in the usual
vestments, but without the maniple : the apparels of the albe encircle
the wrists ; the figure rests upon a bracket, the stem of which has
been lost. A cut of this brass is given in the Introduction.

12 BRASSES OF PRIESTS IN THE CHASUBLE, &C.
No. 17.
c. 1360. Walter Frilende. All Saints', Ockham, Surrey.
A demi-figure with stunted beard, having the amice ornamented
with the 'fylfot,' and the chasuble with a narrow pallium-shaped
orphrey. lie facet Bns cWalterus JPritenBe quonBa rector istius ecclte 8t factor but'
Capelle cuius ale rpicietut Beus.
No. 18.
c. 1360. A Priest. St. Mary's, North Mimms, Herts.
A small but beautiful Flemish brass, in style and workmanship very
similar to that of Abbot de la Mare, at St. Albans, (No. 4 :) the
effigy is in the Eucharistic robes ; the orphrey is of the pallium-shape,
and richly worked in quatref oiled circles. A beautiful canopy con
tains on the dexter side SS. Peter, John the Evang., and Bartho
lomew ; on the sinister, SS. Paul, James the Great, and Andrew, with
their emblems. Above is the representation of the Almighty Father
holding the soul of the deceased, with two angels at the sides swing
ing censers. A chalice with an inverted paten for the cover is placed
upon the breast of the figure. Between the feet is a stag crouching.
The whole is supported, after the manner of a bracket, by two lions,
having between them a shield bearing a saltire between four cross-
crosslets fitch^e, Russe or Brampton. The bracket has had a long
stem, the matrix of which remains. This brass perhaps commemo
rates Wm. de Kesteven, vicar, who died 1361.
No. 19.
1361. Walter de Aunesfordhe. All Saints' , Binfield, Berks.
A small demi-figure with stunted beard, the apparels of the amice
and albe ornamented with quatrefoils.
iKRater Be aunesforBbe gist icp,
Bfcu Be sa alme eit mcrcg.
The date of this brass has been ascertained from the register at
Salisbury.
No. 20.
c. 1370. A Priest and a Frankelein.
St. John Baptist's, Shottesbrooke, Berks.
" In the centre of the choir is this interesting brass, representing a
Priest, and a Frankelein, perhaps the father or brother of the former ;

BRASSES OF PRIESTS IN THE CHASUBLE, &C. 13
standing under sweeping canopies, in the ped. of each of which is a
rose within a quatrefoil. The characteristics of this brass are bold
ness and freedom of outline ; the figures are well drawn, and the
countenances executed with unusual skill. The marg. inscr., a por
tion of the shafts and pinnacles, a slender division between the figures,
together with a rosette in the upper part, shew the extent of muti
lation sustained. The priest occupies the dexter side, and is habited
in the usual vestments, the orphrey-work being richly embroidered
with the fylfot, and his stole having square ornaments at its extremi
ties. The other figure is that of a venerable looking man, with short
hair, forked beard and mustachios : who is dressed in a tunic with
narrow sleeves, which buttons up in front, and extends half-way down
the leg. Over the tunic is worn a mantle and hood ; the former is
open at the side, and fastened on the right shoulder with three but
tons ; the front portion is thrown over the left shoulder and gathered
upon the arm : the feet have shoes with pointed toes ; round the
waist is a narrow girdle, from which depends an anelace." The fore
going description is extracted, with slight alterations, from Waller's
Monumental Brasses, pt. x. No. 21.
c. 1370. John Verieu, Rector. SS. Peter and Paul,
Saltwood, Kent.
A demi-figure with elegantly ornamented apparel of amice.
lie iacet Bns Johannes berieu quonBa rector ecclle Be SanBfjerst cuius ale
jpicietur omnium rector Bs. No. 22.
1375. Peter de Lacy, Rector. St. Botolph's, Northfleet, Kent.
A fine large figure, formerly in the centre of the chancel (see No.
24) : the amice, apparels of albe, stole, and maniple, are ornamented
with flowers in circles. The head is loose ; above is a mutilated por
tion of a canopy ; and parts of a marg. inscr. remain.
[lie iacet JBomfnus petrus Be] Iacn quonBa Hector istius ecclte et prebcnBatiuSi
p'benBe Be sroerBe[s in etcliaj ffiatbeBral Bublin qui obiit [Becimo octabo Bie
mensis] ©ctobr' [anno Bni millmo CCCCC septuagesimo quinto cuius. . . .]
See Gough, Sep. Mon., vol. i. pt. i. p. 204.
No. 23.
c. 1375. Ralph Perchehay. St. Mary's, Stifford, Essex.
A demi-figure with the apparel of the amice ornamented with the
fylfot. ©rate p anima Biii BaBvIphi ^errhehan. quonBam rectorfs istius ecclte.

14 BRASSES OF PRIESTS IN THE CHASUBLE, &C.
No. 24.
1391. William Lye ? St. Botolph's, Northfleet, Kent.
A demi-figure, which together with No. 22, and some other brasses,
was formerly in the chancel, but when this was recently floored over
they were taken up by a gentleman in the neighbourhood, and placed
in a chest in the nave. It lay on the S. side of the chancel, and is
most probably the brass mentioned by Weever. Fun. Mon., p. 332.
lie iacet SHilleimus Xne Hector Be Jiorthfleete. 9. 3Jan. 1391.
No. 25.
1408. Richard Thorp. St. Mary's, Stanwell, Middx.
A demi-figure with the border of the chasuble ornamented with
quatrefoils. lit iacet HiearBus Be SChorp nup Hector lEcclIe Be Stanetoell qui obijt bj"> Bie
JUtesis Sunij anno Bni JWlllto W€&&°VM3° cut' ate jpiciet' Bs amen.
No. 26.
1408. Britellus Avenel. St. Margaret's, Buxted, Sussex.
An elegant cross brass consisting of a long and slender shaft, rising
from three steps, with three leaves sprouting from either side, and
supporting a feathered quatrefoil which incloses a three quarter length
figure resting on a rich diaper. The quatrefoil is composed of four
ogee arches which have exceedingly light and tasteful finials at the
apices. Three sides of a marg. inscr. with Evang. symb. remain.
>J< lie facet Bris 38rltellus aucnel quonBa Hector ecclte Be HufesleBe qui obijt
fit festo sec marie magBalene anno Bni [ JWilessimo ffiffleCffiOTiaj 
amen.] The date is thus given in the British Mag., vol. iv. p. 613.
No. 27.
1412. Robt. Scarclyf, Rector. St. James's, Shere, Surrey.
A small and well-executed figure in the chancel.
lie facet Bns Hobtus Search)'! quonBa Hector fstl' 3EecIie qui obijt. xxb. Bie
©ctobtis anno Bni . JWillo . ffl€CCffl.uXE3f. cuius ale rpicictur Beus amen
ajunEN.

BRASSES OF PRIESTS IN THE CHASUBLE, &C. 15
No. 28.
1424. Robert Willardsey. St. Mary's, Warwick.
A small figure like the foregoing, and formerly in the lady-chapel.
lie iacet Hobtiis cMlllarBseo ^rim' bfcari' isti' "fficclte qui obijt xf(j° Bie mens'
marcij anno Bfii JJlillo ffifflffiCD0XXi3EEilo ffiui' ate jpicietur Beus ame.
No. 29.
c. 1430. John Monemouthe. SS. Peter and Paul,
Harlington, Middx.
A small demi-figure in the chancel.
lie facet Sobjs JStonemouthe quonBa Hector istius lEcclie [ffluius ale rpicietur
Beus] amen.
The words in brackets are erased. No. 30.
c. 1430. John Yop, Rector. St. Mary's, Worstead, Norfolk.
A small demi-figure much worn.
lie iacet Bns Sohes pop quonBam Hector cede Bt Hoton cut' ate jpicict' Be'
amen. No. 31.
1433. John Churmound. St. Peter's, Little Wittenham, Berks.
A small figure in the chancel.
lie facet Bns 3tahes ffiburmounB quoBa Hector isti' TEcclte . qui obijt xii. Bie meV
mae a° Bni JW°fflece:ei>XXXEEE° cuius ate roiciet' Bs ame.
No. 32.
1439. Edward Peach 
A figure with this inscr. :
lie iacet Birius 3EBtoarBus IPeacb quonBam Hector istius ecclcsie qui obijt Bie
^atibitatis Sacte JWarie Hirginis anno Bomini millessimo fflfflffl€C»XXX°EX
ffiuius anime jpScietur Beus amen. No. 33.
c. 1450. A Priest. St. Mary's, Turweston, Bucks.
A figure, the inscr. of which is lost.

16 BRASSES OF PRIESTS IN THE CHASUBLE, &C.
No. 34.
1458. John Bradstane. St. Mary's, Ewelme, Oxon.
A demi-figure in the nave.
lie iacet Bns 3obes HtaBstane qu<>Bam Hector isti' ecclte qui obijt bij° Bie
JWarcfj anno Bni JSlillmo ffiffiffiffi°3COTE3° ffiuius ate rpicittur Be' amen.
No. 35.
c. 1460. A Priest. St. Mary's, Monkton, Isle of Tha.net.
A remarkably well-executed figure, the inscr. has been removed,
and a more modern one (date 1580) inlaid in the same stone.
No. 36.
c. 1460. A Priest. St. Augustine's, Broxbourne, Herts.
A figure in the nave, very similar to the preceding, and holding a
chalice. The inscr. has been removed from the feet, but the follow
ing remains on a label from the mouth.
Si quis eris qui trnnsfrfs sta plege plora
Su q' eris fuera q? quoB es p me precor ora.
At the lower sinister corner of the slab, upon a scroll,
lEaBg belppe.
This is not the brass of Peter Meedwyn, 1465 ; for that was a
kneeling figure, and its matrix still remains.
No. 37.
1461. Robert Loud. St. Peter's, Bristol.
A figure holding a chalice with the consecrated wafer, surrounded
by a glory.
lie iacet JWagist' Hob'tus HouB ffiapellanus qui obijt xxiij° Bie ffebruarij anno
Bni JWllmo ffiffiffiffi-ICXS0 cuius anime propicietur Beus amen.
No. 38.
1468. William Smarte. SS. Peter and Paul,
Chipping- Warden, Northamptonshire.
A small figure.
lie iacet tons cMlIms Smarte quoBam Hector isti' cccllc qui obijt Sexto Beclmo
Bie mes' Nobembvis a" Biil milllo ffiffiffiffi°XXx7EE3Su ffiuius anime propicietur
Beus amen.

BRASSES OF PRIESTS IN THE CHASUBLE, &C. 17
No. 39.
c. 1470. John Andrew. St. Mary's, Hayes, Kent.
A small figure.
E beseche pou all" that pasith" here bp for the Sofcole of Sir John anBreto that
here Both" Ipe sen apater nosier anB an abe.
No. 40.
1471. John Mere. St. Mary's, Cholsey, Berks.
A small figure holding a chalice of remarkably diminutive size in
his hands.
©rate p ala 3fohis JBtere qu°Bam bicarij istius ecclie qui obijt xiij0 Bie 3)unij
anno Bni JW°ffiffiffiffi°.3EXX3r cui' ale miciet' Be' ame.
No. 41.
1479. Ralph Fuloflove. All Saints', West Harling, Norfolk.
A figure with this inscr. ;
©rate p aia HaBulpbt ffuloflobe quoBa Hectoris isti' ecclie qui obijt sexto Becimo
Bie mens' septembri a°. Bni JBl°ffiffiffiffi° septuagesimo nono.
No. 42.
1498. William Branwhait. St. Mary's, Ewelme, Oxon.
A demi-figure very similar to two others (see No. 34) in the
same church, and probably engraved several years previously to
the assigned date.
lie iacet Bns 5®illius Hrantohait quoBa JWagt istius Bom' lEUmosiatie qui
obiit V Bie ianuarij a° BRi JW"ffiffiffiffi1DCX~XXl)IE3) cut' ate miciet' Be'.
No. 43.
1498. Henry Denton. St. Mary's, Higham Ferrars, Northants.
A figure holding a chalice, containing a wafer marked with a cross
crosslet. A cut of this brass is given in the Introduction.
lie iacet lenticus Benion qu5B"m ffiapellan' Be ffibelston qui obijt Becimo
VMS" Bie JWensis ffebruarii anno Biii millmo ffiffiffi0>IXXXXrJEE3f ffiuius
anime miciet' Be' ame. D

18 BRASSES OF PRIESTS IN THE CHASUBLE, &C.
No, 44.
1500. William Abell.
SS. Peter and Paul, Coleshill, Warwickshire.
A small figure in plain amice, albe, and chasuble, without stole or
maniple ; holding a chalice in his right hand and supporting the
base with his left : the wafer in the chalice is inscribed ihe.
hie 3)acet Bns cWilim' abell quoBam bfcari1 isti' eclie qui quiBe Bns aaillm'
obijt XVMM° Bie mes' mape ana Bni m B cui' ate miciet' Be' ami".
No. 45.
1501. John Clerk. St. Nicholas's, Newington, Kent.
A small figure holding a chalice and wafer.
©tale p aia Bni Slobls ffileA quoBam bicatij bui' ecclie q1 obijt b° Bie augusti
a" Biii _pi°yc primo. No. 46.
1503. Adam Owtlawe. St. Peter's, West Lynn, Norfolk.
A figure without the stole and maniple ; the apparels are orna
mented with circles ; the orphrey of the chasuble runs straight
'down the centre. Beneath is this inscr. in raised letters :
©rate p aia Biii aBe ©totlatne ffiapellani qui obijt secunBo Bie JfBlensis au=
gusti anno Biii JWillesimo ffiffiffiffiffi" tcrcio cui' ate jpiciet' oe' ame.
No. 47.
1507. John Frye. New College Chapel, Oxford.
A small demi-figure holding a chalice and wafer.
lie iacet magist' 3obrs ffroe quoBam soci' but' collegij et sacrc tbcologie shola=
ris q1 obiit V&& Bie mes' ap'lis a0 Biii iTO0'rJcrJE30 cut' ale rpfciet' Be' a.
No. 48.
c. 1510. Alexander Inglisshe.
St. John Baptist's, Campsey Ash, Suffolk.
A figure holding a chalice, over which is a wafer with a cross
crosslet upon it. Above the figure is a single canopy, the pinnacles
and buttresses of which are lost, as is also the marg. inscr. ; beneath
is the following :
ffif pour charite pvni> for the soule of s' aiexanBvc Inglisshe stltpme ppche prest
of ibis church 5 tohosc soule (bii banc m'cy.

BRASSES OF PRIESTS IN THE CHASUBLE, &C. 19
No. 49.
c. 1510. John Stokys.
St. Laurence's, Wymington, Beds.
A figure holding a chalice with wafer.
©rate pro aia Biii 3SohIs Stofcps quonBam Hectoris istius ecclte qui obilt -

Die  a° Bni J¥l° Biii JW° 1fcTc  cuius anime propicietur Beus amen.
No. 50.
1511. Walter Elmes, Rector.
St. Margaret's, Harpsden, Oxon.
A small figure with jewelled border to chasuble.
lie iacet Bns cWalterus lElmes quoBa Hector isti' ecclie qui obijt quinto Bie
augusti a° Biii JW°ffiffiffiffiffi°X3l° ffiuius aie rpicietur Be' amen.
No. 51.
1515. Philip Metcalffe.
St. Andrew's, Yardley, Northants.
A figure with this inscr. .
lie iacet ^biUppus JWetcalffe legum bacalatius BuBum bicarius buius ecclcsie
qui obijt xxix Bie 3Sunij a0 Bni $®.°VCXV. cui' ate propicietur Beus.
The last clause has been partially erased.
No. 52.
1518. Thomas Lawne. St. Cross, Winchester.
A large figure under the tower ; the border of the chasuble is
jewelled. ©rate pro aia Biii Whom latone Hecloris Be JWottpsfount qui obijt nono Bie
mensis maij a° Biii JW> quingentcsimo XMI30 cuius aie propicietur Beus.
No. 53.
1519. Henry Dodschone.
All Saints', Stanton Harcourt, Oxfordshire.
A figure in the chancel.
P:ap for the soule of s' benrp BoBschone preest late bpear of this cburcbe
tohicbe BecesseB the xxiij Bap of ianuatp the pete of out IotB goB m' b' to xix on
tnhose soule MhU haue mctcp amen.

20 BRASSES OF PRIESTS IN THE CHASUBLE, &C.
No. 54.
1519. John Wryght. St. Mary's, Clothall, Herts.
A figure holding a chalice of unusually large size, with wafer.
Above is the ordinary representation of the Holy Trinity. Proceed
ing from the mouth is a scroll inscribed :
Seta trinitas bu' Beus miserere nobis.
Beneath the feet is the following inscr. :
hie iacet Sobis KRrpgbt clicus in Becretis bacallarius collegij siue ante sancte
Srinitatis ffiantebr' quonBam magti siue custos ac etiam but' ecclie Be ffiloiball
quonBam Hectotis qui obijt xij° Bie maij a° Biii millmo quingentesimo XEX° cuius
ale jpicietur Beus amen.
The last clause has been partially effaced.
No. 55.
c. 1520. A Priest. St. John Baptist's, Latton, Essex.
A figure holding a chalice with wafer, on which has heen engraved
a cross crosslet. The inscr. is gone, but the four Evang. symb. in
circles remain. No. 56.
1523. John Heynys. All Saints' , Birchington, Isle ofThanet.
A figure in the chancel holding a chalice with wafer.
lie requitscit JMagesfir Sobes lepnps ffilericus nup bicarius Be JSlonltton
qui obijt nono Bie ©ctobtis anno Bni JBWXXEEJ. 
The last clause has been cut out.
No. 57.
1523. Richard Idon. St. John Baptist's, Clayton, Sussex.
A small figure holding a chalice with the wafer inscribed IHC.
©f por charite prap for the soule of mapst' HpcbarB EBoii pson of ffilapton &
^Jpfacit tnbiche BectsseB the bj Bap of 31anuatp the pcre of our lorB JW'FC anB
xxiij on tobose soule 31bu haue jfflercp amen.
No. 58.
1533. William Wardysworth.
St. Michael's, Bletchworth, Sussex.
A figure holding a chalice and wafer which is inscribed with IHC.
The late date of this brass accounts for the degenerate form of the
vestments. lie 3acct Bns tTOUmua eTOarBpstoovti; quonBam bicarius hui' ecclie qui obijt
bt0Bie 31anuarij anno Bni fW'ffiffiffiffiffiXXXEIS0 ffiuius anime jplcietur Beus
amen.

BRASSES OF PRIESTS IN THE COPE, &C. 21

BRASSES OE PRIESTS IN THE COPE, &c.
No. 59.
1382. John de Campeden. St. Cross, Winchester.
A figure the size of hfe ; the orphrey of the cope is embroidered
with a diaper pattern composed of roses, lions' faces, and leaves, in
lozenges. Proceeding from his hands on either side are two scrolls
inscribed :
3bii cu ben'is iuBicar' noli me coBepnar'— (SJui plasmasti me miserere mei.
At the upper corners are two shields, one bearing the verbal emblem
of the Holy Trinity in Unity, and the other with the emblems of
crucifixion, (viz., the cross, with crown of thorns, spear, reed, and
sponge, hammer, three nails, scourging post with cord, and two
scourges). The inscr. at the feet is as follows :
illic iacet Johannes Be ffiampeBeii quBa custos istius bospftalis cuius ale rpiciet'
Beus. The whole is surrounded with a marg. inscr. with the Evang.
symb, ?J< ffircBo qB reBemptor meus biuit 8c in nouissimo Bie Be terra surtecturus sum
&t rursum citcumBabor pelle mea et in came mea biBebo Beum saluatore mcu (DJuem
uisurus sum ego ipe & oculi mei conspecturi sunt $c non alius reposita est bee spes
mea in sinu meo.
For a further account, see Carter's Ant. Sculp, and Painting, p. 42.
No. 60.
1401. William Ermyn.
St. Mary Magdalen's, Castle Ashby, Northants.
A large figure, with long surplice : the orphrey of cope is em
broidered with the figures of saints under canopies, with labels bear
ing their names beneath each, in the following order :
Scfi anna, instructing the B. V. M. ScS PettUS, with key and book.
Sea Katerlna, with sword and ges 'Paulus, with sword.
wheel. ScS anBreas, with cross and book.
Sea Jfglargarta, holding a cross thrust ScS 'Nichus, in Episcopal vestments.
into a dragon's mouth. Si's lEaurentiuS, in deacon's vest-
Sea Jfilaria JSla, holding a box of ments (though the stole is put
ointment. on as a Priest's), with gridiron
Sc5 lElena, holding T cross. and book.
On the morse is a shield with these arms, erm. a saltier gu- on a chief
of the last a lion pass, guard, or.

22 BRASSES OF PRIESTS IN THE COPE, &C.
No. 61.
1403. Richard Malford. New College Chapel, Oxford.
A large figure. The orphrey of the cope is embroidered with his
initials iX. J#t. in circles alternating with foliage, and the surplice
covers the feet. From the hands proceeded a scroll, which is now
gone. The inscr., which is also lost, is given in Wood's Coll., p. 202,
as follows :
lie jacet JWagister HicbarBus JWalforB quonBam fflustos istius ffiollegij, qui
obiit xx Bie ©ctobtis an. Bom. JWffiffiffiffilBEf cujus anime &c.
No. 62.
1413. William Langeton. Exeter Cathedral.
The kneeling figure of a Canon ; his cope is without a hood, and
its orphrey is ornamented with knots and the letter at alternately in
lozenges and circles ; the X surrounded with a crown of thorns appears
also on the morse ; from his hands proceed a scroll inscribed :
Bne 3hu scBin actu men noli me iuBieare.
Beneath the figure is the following :
lie iacet magister aSftlllliiB Hangetoii ffionsanguineus magt lEB'i StafforB lExoii
3Epi quonBam ffianonicus hnfus lEcclie figui obijt xxix" Bie mensis Sanuarij anno
Biii millmo ffiffiffiffi» SCercfo Becimo. ffiuius anime propicietur onipeBeus amen.
On a shield at one of the upper corners are the arms of Bp. Stafford,
or, a chev. gu. within a bordure, az. charged with 7 mitres of the 1st.
No. 63.
1418. John Byrkhed. St. Mary's, Harrow, Middx.
A large figure, the head lost. The orphrey of cope is embroidered
with the figures of ten Saints in niches, with labels under them
bearing their names, as follows :
S JWarftt with Child. S' 3oh Hapta, with Agnus Dei on a
S' petrus with keys and open book. book.
S' 3 lEiingel' with chalice, serpent, Sen anna, with the youthful Virgin.
and palm branch. S' lauvenci',habited as a Deacon, with
s' Hiciis in Episcopal vestments. gridiron and hook.
Sea paula with closed book. s' Nichus, vested as a Bishop.
S' Hrigitta, with hands extended.
Over the figure are the remains of a fine single canopy, a great por
tion of which has been destroyed since 1799. Round the whole was

BRASSES OF PRIESTS IN THE COPE, &C. 23
a marg. inscr. with four shields at the corners, of which two are gone.
The lost parts of the inscr. are restored from Weever, (Fun. Mon.,
p. 531.) [Sta moriture biBe Bocent te massn Sobannis]
HprltbeB sub lapfBe quem ttux necat [atropos annis]
Jf6t Bominf ffi quatcr & X otto numeratis
Sungitur istc pater; cufhburge luce beatis
[lunc tharitas, gtauitas, fiBes, pruBentia motum]
^resulibus ptimis regni fecere Becorum
© Beus in celts tua lauriet alma [mai]estas
C§ue tantii' terris morii' pfecit honestas.
One of the shields bears the arms of the see of Canterbury, imp.
quart. 1st and 4th gu. a lion ramp, or, Fitzalan, 2nd and 3rd chequee
or and az. Warren, for Abp. Arundel. The other shield bears, sa. 3
garbs or, Birket. In the spandrils of the canopy were two scrolls,
one of which was inscribed :
3)'h« blesspB mitt thu be.
From the arms of Abp. Arundel, and those of Chichele, which ac
cording to Gough (vol. II. p. 260) formerly existed, and from the
style of the engraving, it is evident that the date (which some have
read as 1468), should be rendered as above ; and also that the rose
with glory on the morse is not intended for the rose, en soleil, the
Yorkist badge.
No. 64.
1419. John Desford. New College Chapel, Oxford.
A demi-figure, with part of the head, under the stalls.
lie facet magist' 3ohes DesforB Juris fflanonici IBacallari' & quonBa ffianonic'
©telle lereforBeii qui obijt XX° Bie mensis aprilis anno Biii JUlillo. ffiffiffiffi".
X3EX°. cui' ale joicietur Beus ante,
No. 65.
1432. John Mapilton. St. Mary's, Broadwater, Sussex.
A figure having the orphrey of the cope embroidered with circles
and lozenges alternately, in the former of which is the initial JW.
and a maple-leaf, and in the latter, roses ; the morse is engraved with
(he in a foiled circle. Above is a single canopy, in the ped. of which
is a circle with elegant tracery.
lie iacet in requie ; 3obn JSlapiltoii tumulatus;
lEstius ecclcsie ; Hector nup bocitatus
Bona JMagistratus ; sibi ffiancellaria p'stat ;
Hegis evat gBtus ; cuntts hoc plebs manifestat

24' BRASSES OF PRIESTS IN THE COPE, &C.
ffioniuis lMi' Hcgis ; hie ffiancellatius exit;
C§uf p'scrlpta legis ; quis erat, sua fama retextt
JWigrat felicis ; ottu xpi genetricis;
anno JWflleno ; ffi quat' bis X BuoBeno ;
No. 66.
1442. Simon Marcheford. St. Mary's, Harrow, Middlesex.
A small figure, which with two others and an inscr. is loose in the
parvise ; its head and legend are gone, but the latter is preserved by
Gough (vol. II. p. 128), as follows :
lie jacet B'ns Simon JWarcheforB quonBa canonic sar. ac ecia libe capelle regis
Be JKfnBesor, et rector isti' ecclie qui obijt HUE Bie J"ebruarii a. B'ni
jSlffiffiffiffixXH. cujus aie p'picietur Beus amen.
No. 67.
c. 1450. John Tubney. St. Nicholas's, Southfleet, Kent.
A small demi-figure.
JWiserere Beus ale 3Sobis tEubncp qu°B" bui' ecclie Hectotis & arcbiBiaconi
assapbensis ac eapellani Biii 3)ohis lotoe ffipiscopi Hoffensis.
No. 68.
1454. Robert Arthur. St. Mary's, Chartham, Kent.
A large figure. The orphrey of the cope is ornamented with the
fylfot and quatrefoil alternately.
lie iacet Una Hobettus artbur quonBam Hector isti' (Beetle qui obijt . xxbiij0 .
Bie . JWarcij . a° . Biii . JWillo . ffiffiffiffi- . 3DEEI3" . ffiut' ale Jjpicfet Be' am?.
At the corners of the slab are four shields ; two bear 2 bars
within a bordure ; the other two, a fess engr. betw. 3 leaves slipped.
No. 69.
1461. Philip Polton. All Souls' College Chapel, Oxford.
A small kneeling figure, without orphrey to the cope, the hood of
which is visible ; the head and a scroll from the mouth are gone ; the
latter was inscribed :
Horn preceptor fili DabiB miserere mei.
("Wood's Coll., p. 295.)
At the corners are 4 similar shields bearing ar. 3 mullets pierced, sa.
lie iacet Jttaglst' Piltimus polton IBaccallri' ffianon qui fuit anbiBcaconus
ffilouccstrlc . q< . obijt . xvij" . Bie Scptcbr' anno . Biii . JWillmo . ffiffiffiffi"
%X1" CTui' ale micictuv Be' amen.

BRASSES OF PRIESTS IN THE COPE, &C. 25
No. 70.
1465. Thomas Cod. St. Margaret's, Rochester.
A curious brass, engraved on each side with a demi-figure, one of
which (the oldest) has the orphrey of the cope embroidered with (bit —
m'cp in corresponding circles alternately with foliage : the other wears
an amice instead of the amess ; the orphrey of the cope being orna
mented with a running pattern of foliage.
ffioB tbomas Bict' sac' iacet hie nece bfctus
"ETicarms gratus huie ecclie q? bcatus
¦ffiitbesie xpf multu q? profuit isti
1Et capanili succutvit tempore biii
anno J^tilleno qtiat' ¦ ffi • X • Beno qj quo
Nouebris mense sat'nini nece berc
©biit hit ¦ 18, - ffi • sibi 3K tbu miserere
© sac' anBrca sibi pfcr ab hoste t'pbea
Pro eunetis merttis tlli sit bita pennis.
This brass has recently been very carefully restored, and the lines
filled up with colour : it is placed in a copper plate, which is framed,
and affixed to the wall of the Church.
No. 71.
1471. Henry Sever, Warden. Merton Coll. Chapel, Oxford.
A figure the size of life ; the orphrey of the cope is embroidered
with eight figures of Saints in niches, as below :
St.  , Bishop. St. John Baptist, with Agnus Dei on
St. James the Great, in pilgrim's a book.
attire. St. John Evangelist, (?) with closed
St James the Less, with club and hook.
book. St. Bartholomew, with flaying knife.
St. Paul, with sword. St. Thomas, with spear and book.
Over the figure are the remains of a rich triple canopy ; on eacH
side of the head was a shield, one of which only remains, bearing the
following arms, a fess nebulae betw. 3 annulets. Beneath the figure
is the following inscr. in raised letters :
lie facet Jttaglster lenrfcus Seber sacrc Stheologie pfessor ac quonBam ffius=
tos isti' ffiolleglj et Be progenie funBaiorfs eiusBem ffiollegij et bt funBator et prc=
eepuus benefactor ipius ffiollegij qui obijt sexto Bie mes' Sulij anno Biii JWillimo
ffiffiffiffi03aX30 ffiuius anime propicietur Beus amen.
No. 72.
1480. William Tibarde, President.
Magdalene Coll. Chapel, Oxford.
A figure of which the head, on which was a cap, and the lower part

26 BRASSES OF PRIESTS IN THE COPE, &C.
are lost : the orphrey of the cope is embroidered with roses. Beneath
is this inscr. in double lines :
cMllelmi tpbarB conBuntur membra magti, loc tumulo
preses primus et hie fuerat
38is Benfs soclos ulla sine lege statuti, annis atq? bno pace
ejufete regeits •
($uem utrt' labor et stuBiii Becotauit tn almo, ©ionic gremlo
cuius alumnus erat
^roeuratorem quern res fiec publica cepit, atq? barcpallartu
pagina sacra BcBit •
Nunc abit in rineres belutf mortalia ciicta, bnBc uenit re=
Biens sic caro queqj perit •
[afflillel]mi prccibus bestris memotate magistri, bt poterit cuius
leta uiBere Bei •
There is also a marg. inscr. in large raised letters, having each
word separated by a leaf, flower, &c. The lost parts are restored
from Wood's Coll. p. 331.
[©rate] ^to anima JWaglstri a®illmi StibarBe Sacre [©beologie] 33acallarf j
3Et lulus ffiollegij ^timi ^tesiBentls fi?ui ©bijt ibfj° oie JWcnsis [Nobembris
anno Bomira mlllimo fflffiffiffi'lEXXX0] ffiuius anime propicietur 2Beu[s amen]
This brass has been relaid very inaccurately, as there is at the upper
sinister corner the symb. of St. Matt, reversed, which from its shape
and workmanship has evidently belonged to a different brass. There
is also a mutilated symb, of St. Luke.
No. 73.
c. 1480. John Perch. Magdalene Coll. Chapel, Oxford.
A mutilated figure, the morse of the cope engraved with the
bust of a virgin saint ; four shields, a portion of the head, and the
feet, have been destroyed, and the brass has been incorrectly reset in
a fresh slab. Cgui quoBam potuf moritutis fern meBelam, 'Fltam
cr? Ineolumc morte mfnante Bare
Elle ego pallent' mort' bicttlcib? atmls, ©jprfmor
et nulla restat babenBa salus
Nil artes p'Besse mlcbi potture mfnerue, <$uar' olim
©xonlls (pe magister cram
Nil meBicas BiBicisse fuuabat apollinls berbas, Nil
ioufs ampin michi p'mia pfucri nl
figuo minu' (mpeteiet mors Bftam pallfBn uram, Non
igimr potut non aliquanBo mod
Wc Beus ergo p'tor etenra salus morientu, Fnica bluor'
firmaq? spes hominii
bt mfclji pfuncto bitalt luce Stohannj, perch" Beitate
tua posse frui liceat.

BRASSES OF PRIESTS IN THE COPE, &C. 27
A marg. inscr. surrounded the whole, of which fragments only
remain ; the lost parts are restored from Wood's Coll., p. 334.
[lie jacet Mm perch in artibus JWagfster et ISacallarius Pfroslce quonBam
ffiapellanus 3Epf cHinton] ac Socius ffiollegii See JWarie [JWagBalene in uni=
bersi]tate ©xoii Cgui ffibijt bltlmo IBle JHensis Sanuarij anno 3B[om 
This brass is very similar to that of Robt. Abdy, 1494, formerly
in St. Mary Magd. Church.
No. 74.
c. 1510. Richard Bewfforeste, Abbot.
SS. Peter and Paul, Dorchester, Oxon.
A figure in a cope (?) or capuchin cloak with a large hood, almuce,
&c, and bearing upon his right arm a pastoral staff: from his mouth
on a label, [© Bulcis mater] birgo birghra ora p nobis tuu film.
The words in brackets are restored from Wood's MSS. in the
Ashm. Museum. Beneath is this inscr. ;
Icre Ipeth sir HtcbavB Hetofforeste I
prap tfju gebe his sotole gooB Heste
A cut of this brass is given in the Introduction.
No. 75.
c. 1510. Richard Wtlleys, Warden.
St. Mary's, Higham Ferrers, Northants.
A large figure : his cope and morse jewelled.
©rate p aia JWri HfcarBi cKpIleps quonBm custoBis bulus collegil et pro
anfmahus ©mnium fiBelium Befunctorum amen.
No. 76.
1512. Silvester Gabriel. St. John Baptist's, Croydon, Surrey.
A large figure with jewelled morse to the cope.
Siluester cDabricl cuius lapis hie tcgit ossa
Vera sacetBotum gloria nuper erat
HEegis nemo sacre Biuina bolumlna berbis
ffilarius aut bita sanctius explicuit
ffiominus ergo Ven moBo felix eminus almfs
dgeue plus In scriptis biBetat ante biBet.
anno Biii millmo V X3E3E" HUE" Bie octobr' bita est funct'

28 BRASSES OF PRIESTS IN THE COPE,- &C.
No. 77.
c. 1520. Robert Langton. Queen's College, Oxford.
A large figure wearing a cap and rich cope semee of fleur-de-lys,
with an orphrey of different design, and a morse ornamented with
the rose in glory. This brass has been engraved by Gough, Sep.
Mon., vol. I. pt. II. pl. 36. p. 102, and is erroneously ascribed by
him to Robt. Egglesfield, founder of the college, who died 1349.
It is however clearly not earlier than the 16th cent., and most
probably commemorates Robt. Langton, whose brass is described by
Wood (Coll. p. 163) as being in the outer chapel with this inscr. :
anno Bomini millesimo quingentessimo Becimo octabo Hobcrtus Xangton ffile=
tints banc ffiapellam noba hac fabrica ampliabit ©rate int.
Above was the figure of a tun, and under it the letter L (for
Langton), and at each corner of the stone a tun. In one of the
chapel windows was a figure of Langton in his ' doctoral habit ' with
an inscr. styling him, utiiusque juris Boctoris.
No. 78.
c. 1520. A Priest. St. Michael's, Dowdeswell, Gloucestershire.
A figure almost an exact counterpart of the foregoing, but not
quite so well executed, and without a cap. The inscr. is lost. The
Evang. symb. of SS. Matthew and Luke remain at the lower corners
of the slab, which is not the original stone. From the ornament on
the cope it has been conjectured that the figure was intended to com
memorate one of the family of Rogers who still reside at Dowdeswell ;
but this opinion is unfounded, since the same ornament occurs on the
brass just mentioned. No. 79.
1521. Christopher Urswic
St. John Baptist's, Hackney, Middlesex.
A large figure with a scull-cap upon his head : the fur of his
almuce is not represented by lead inlaid. Above is a shield, the
bearings of which are completely effaced, but probably were ar. on
a bend sa. 3 lozenges of the field, each bearing a saltire gu. Above
them the word JJIUESTEHIffiffiHMa remains. The whole is upon an
altar-tomb, with a stone canopy, below which and against the wall is
this inscr. .

BRASSES OF PRIESTS IN THE COPE, &C. 29
ffiristoforus brstoicus regis hen. lei septimi elemoslnarius bir sua etate clarus
summatibus atq? inftmatibus fuxfa charus aB exteros reges bnBecfes pro patrfa
legatus Becanatum lEbot' archiBiaconatum HichmunBie Becanatum binBesore
habitos biuens reliquit : lEpiscopatum Noruicensem oblatum recusauit • magnos
honores tola bita spreuii. frugali bita contentus hie biuere hie mori maluit plentis
annis obijt ab omnibus BespBeratus funeris pompam eciam testamento betuit. hie
sepultus camis resurreccionem in aBuentu christi cxpectat.
ffibijt anno ffibristi incarnati m ¦ B ¦ xxj Bie xxiiij marctj anno etatis sue Ixxtiij.
He was appointed dean of Windsor in 1495, and resigned that
office and his other preferments in 1505, when he retired to the living
of Hackney. He and Sir Reginald Bray were the superintendants
of the finishing of St. George's Chapel, Windsor, and have mortuary
chapels in that edifice. Urswyck's chapel is at the west end of the
north aisle ; on its exterior an inscr. has been painted.
No. 80.
1521. John Rede, Warden. New College Chapel, Oxford.
A figure, of which the orphrey of the cope is adorned with quatre-
foiled circles. A portion of the inscr. is concealed by the stalls :
©rate p aia magri 3lobIs HeBe fn sacra fbeologfa 18ac[alarij] quonBam tustoBis
buius collegij qui obfjt primo Bie apr[ilis an0] Biii JW° Vco XXI° cuius aie pto=
picletur Beus amen.
No. 81.
c. 1540. Thomas Dallyson ? St. Mary's, Clothall, Herts.
A figure similar to No. 72, but without cap or almuce ; on his
morse is the monogram ihe- This is probably the brass of Thomas
Dallyson, whose inscr., now lost, is thus given in Chauncy's Hist.
of Herts, p. 52 :
©f fSlerep prap for the Soul of Jttaster Wbomaa JBallpson 38atcbelour of lEara,
anB sometime parson of this ffiburcb, anB .plaster of the jFree ffihappel, ot los=
pital of St. JWarp JMagBalen, cBffpeB anB sittiateB in this parish of ffilotball
next IBalBock, robicb DeceaseB the ninth Bap of JBlap. an. Bom. 1541. ©f rohose
Soul ffioB babe JBtercp.
No. 82.
1558. Arthur Cole. Magdalene Coll. Chapel, Oxford.
A figure habited apparently in cassock, surplice with short sleeves,
almuce with pendants at the sides, and over all a cope or cloak with
a cross in a circle embroidered on the left shoulder, and fastened by
a long cordon instead of a morse ; the dress apparently of a canon
of Windsor.
lie iacet corpus benetabilis bid JUtagistcr arthuri ffiole sacra tbcologte bacca=
lautij fflanonici collegij regij in castvo Be KlinBcsor et bui' ffiollegij ptesiBis ' qui
obijt • 18 Ilulij ¦ 1558 - ffiuius aia- propicietur Beus amen.

30 BRASSES OF PRIESTS IN ACADEMICAL DRESSES, &C.
BEASSES op peiests in academical
DEESSES, &c.
No. 83.
c. 1350. A Priest. Merton Coll. Chapel, Oxford.
A small figure habited in hood, and gown with half sleeves, below
which are visible the tight sleeves with buttons beneath, of an under
dress. Part of the head of a floriated cross, which surrounded the
figure, remains ; but the larger portion, together with the stem and
marg. inscr. is gone. No. 84.
1361. John Hotham. St. Andrew's, Chinnor, Oxfordshire.
A large demi-figure, of bold execution, and habited in gown, hood,
and tippet, with a pointed scull-cap on his head.
lie iacet magister Sobaiies hotham magist' in theologia (QuonBam Hector
ecclesie Be ffihpnnorc qui obijt in fcsto sanctt lEaurencij anno Biii JW° ffiffiffi° 3EX°
primo cui' ale jpiciettti: Beus.
He was Provost of Queen's College.
No. 85.
1387. John Bloxham, Warden, and John Whytton.
Merton Coll. Chapel, Oxford.
Two figures standing under groined canopies ; beneath them is an
inscr. on a scroll ; the whole is supported by a long stem, the fleury
offsets of which are gone ; at the base is the Agnus Dei under a small
canopy, with a scroll beneath. The figures are habited in cassocks,
hoods, and tippets ; one of them wears a rochet (?) or upper gown
with slits in it for his arms. On the scroll is the following :
lie iacent magist' Sobes Bloxham Haculari' sacre theologic quonBa ffiustoshni'
ffiollegij. et Sobes 5Ktf>ptton Hector TEcclie Be cKoBetoii 8c but' ffiollegij Benefactor
qui lapiB' istu fecft suis jprijs sumptib? orBinari ¦ qtiot' aiab? jpiciet' Bs amen.
On the scroll beneath the Agnus Dei is inscribed :
Johannes 'Bloxham ; Johannes Cffthnt'on.
John Bloxham died 1387, but the date of the brass is c. 1420.
No. 86.
1427. John Lowthe. Nino Coll. Chapel, Oxford.
A figure habited in a rochet (?) or gown with slits for the arms, hood

BRASSES OF TRIESTS IN ACADEMICAL DRESSES, &C. 31
and tippet with lappets hanging down behind ; and a pointed scull-
cap :
lie iacet magfster 3ohes Xotothe quonBa istius ffiollegij soci' ac Surfs ciuilfs
pfessot qui obiit x(ij° Bie mensis Dulij anno Biii JMlmo ffiffiffiffi° XXITij0 cu=
ius anime giicietnr Bens amen.
From his mouth proceeds a scroll, on which is inscribed :
JSliserere mei Beus scBni [magnam miam tuam :]
the latter part is gone, but is preserved by Wood, Coll., p. 207.
No. 87.
1433. Thomas Nelond, Prior of Lewes.
Holy Trinity Church, Cowfold, Sussex.
A superb brass, measuring upwards of 10ft. by 4ft., and represent
ing the figure of a Cluniac Monk the size of life, habited in a black
vestment resembling in shape a surplice with a large hood. From
his hands issue three scrolls inscribed :
jfBlartfr sancte Bei Buc aB loca mc requiei.— JBtater sancta Shu • mc serues
mortis ab esu, — Sit sanctl ©home suscepta ptecatio pro me.
Above him is a canopy of unrivalled beauty of design and execu
tion. It is supported by double shafts connected by arches, and rises
above the figure into three divisions, into each of which a scroll pro
ceeds. The centre division, which is higher and broader than those
of the sides and immediately over the head of the Prior, consists of
a triple canopy sustaining a panelled basement, above which is a
seated figure of the B. V. Mary and Child beneath a single canopy.
The two side divisions are formed by single canopies, bearing each a
figure on a bracket ; that on the left superscribed S1 ^Bancracius repre
sents that Saint as holding a book and a palm-branch, and treading
under foot a man armed with a sword ; that on the right is a Bishop
with a scroll above, inscribed S ©hoas ffiant'. At one of the upper
corners is a shield with the verbal symb. of the Holy Trinity. Three
sides of a marg. inscr. remain ; each line is separated by scrolls.
?Ji lie terre cumulus • ©home NelonB tegit ossa
1Est et ei tumulus ¦ presens sub matmore fossa
Firtuium Bonis • hie clatuit et tacionis
lExemplis q? bonis • Beeus auxit Heligionis
JSlunBo JBlartba fuit • s? xpo mente .plana
In munBo biguit • s? erat sibi celsa sophia
In maij mensis • quarto Becimo qj 3KalenBas
aB celf mensis • seBes migrmiit babenBas 

32 BRASSES OF PRIESTS IN ACADEMICAL DRESSES, &C.
No. 88.
1441. William Hautryve. New College Chapel, Oxford.
A figure habited in a rochet or gown, with a small slit in the
breast through which the hands pass, hood, and scull-cap ; from his
mouth proceeds a scroll, on which is inscribed :
mlserer' mei Be' scBm magna miam tug.
Beneath the figure is the following inscr. :
lie iacet magist' eHtillftis laufrpue quonBam soeius inri' ffiollcgu ac Becretor'
Boctor • figul obiit ¦ xiii° ¦ Bie mensis aprilis • anno Biii • Jtflillo ffiffiffiffl0 X%°
primo ¦ ffiuius anime propicietur Beus amen.
No. 89.
1445. John Kyllyngworth. Merton College Chapel, Oxford.
A small demi-figure habited in a gown with loose half sleeves,
tippet, and hood.
lie iacet 3obes lepllpngroortif, JUtagist in ariibus qui obijt xbij° Bie JWaij
a° Bni Jgt° ffiffiffiffi° XTLV tui' aie rpicief Be' ame.
Beneath was a shield, now lost.
No. 90.
1447. Geoffrey Hargreve. New College Chapel, Oxford.
A figure habited in a cassock, over which is a shorter gown with
full half sleeves, tippet, and hood. From the mouth proceeds a scroll
with the following inscr. .
JBlisertmini mei mis'emini mei salte bos amfti in 
Beneath is an inscr. as follows :
lie iacet JWagistcr ffialfriBus largreue quonBam Soci' lul' ffiollegij $t Sacre
©bcologie Seolaris qui obijl xbj° Bie JUlens' Scptembr' a" Biii JW° ffiffiffiffi"
X%V& eui' ale ^iciet Be'.
No. 91.
c. 1450. A Priest. St. Mary's, Harrow, Middlesex.
A demi-figure in the chancel, habited in a cassock, tippet, and hood.
The inscr. is gone. No. 92.
1451. Walter Wake. New College Chapel, Oxford.
A small demi-figure habited as No. 90.
lie iacet JWagist' 3®altenis cKtafce qu°Ba soci' bui' ffiollegij & sacre theologfe
scolacis qui obijt biij" Bie JWens' fcbinavij a° Bni JW° ffiffiffiffi0 IF cui' aie
jpicletur Be' amen.

BRASSES OF PRIESTS IN ACADEMICAL DRESSES, &C. 33
No. 93.
1451. William Snell. All Saints' , Boxley, Kent.
A small figure habited as No. 90.
Secimo Bie Jffilarcij anno gre millmo . ffiffiffiffio. %$°. magtstr' cMtiiis Snell
qtinBa Be collegio alar' ©xoii . isti' ecclie bicati' eccIiSstice ttaBit' stpulte cui' aia
in pace rcqulescat. No. 94.
1468. Thomas Hyllb, S.T.P. New College Chapel, Oxford.
A figure habited as No. 88, and holding in his hands a T shaped
cross with the five wounds on it ; from his mouth proceeds a scroll on
which is the following inscr. .
Hone iesu esto micbi iesus.
Beneath is an inscr. as follows :
Hone memotie Jfitagist' Slhomas Iplle qu°Bam pfcssor sacte tbcoTog'e . qui in
tinem pmansit socius bui' ffiollegij $c larga beneficia contultt eiBem . obijt . xxj°.
Bie SSanuarij anno Biii jmillmo fflffiffiffl°HXr7HE3r. ffiuius anime ptopicletut
Beus amen"
JWons in balle iacet: quern tu Beus crige rursum, bt baleat moment ctistu
pfingere sursum. No. 95.
1474. John Child, M.A. St. Martin's, Cheriton, Kent.
A small figure in cassock, tippet, and hood.
©rate p aia 3lohis ffibilB I artlfi? magti' at quoBa Hectoris ecclie Be ffiberpton
q' obijt b° Bie Becebr' a° Biii JW°ffiffiffiffi°H:XXEEI30 cut' ale rpicietur Be' amen,
No. 96.
1478. Ralph Vawdrey, M.A.
Magdalene College Chapel, Oxford.
A demi-figure habited in scull-cap (?), cassock, tippet, and hood ;
from his mouth proceeds a scroll on which is this inscr. :
ۤui plasmasti me miserere mei.
Beneath is an inscr. as follows :
©rate pro aia JWagistri HaBulphi UatoBrep in artibus JWagistrt quoBa
ffiapellani but' ffiollegii qui obiit xij° Bie Sunij a° Biii JW0ffiffiffiffi0XXX1tJII30
cui' aie ppfcief Be'. No. 97.
1478. Richard Wyard, B.C.L. New College Chapel, Oxford.
A figure habited as No. 90, and holding a T shaped cross in his
hands : a scroll proceeds from his mouth with the following inscr. :
Shu fili Bei miserere mei.
F

34 BRASSES OF PRIESTS IN ACADEMICAL DRESSES, &C.
Beneath is an inscr. :
[©rate pro anima JWag. HicbatBi cWparB Hacca]larij 3Sutis quonBam socij
[buius ffiollegii qui obiit an 3Bfif Jtt]ffiffiffiffi°H:XXr7IElEi)° mensis bero [©ctobtis
Bie scptimo cujus anime] propicietur Beus amen. See Wood's Coll., p. 207.
No. 98.
1478. Thomas Sondes. Magdalene College Chapel, Oxford.
A figure habited as No. 90. At the corners of the slab were four
shields, one of which only remains, and is partly concealed by the
steps of the pulpit. The arms of the shields are given by Wood,
(Colleges, p. 335,) I. Ar. 3 Moor's heads couped ppr. betw. 2
chevronells sa., Sondes ; imp. on a chevr. 3 cross crosslets. II.
Sondes, imp. 3 lozenges in fess within abordure. III. Sondes, imp.
3 martlets on a bend. IV. Sondes, quart. 1st, 3 storks in pale ;
2nd, 2 bars lozengy, each consisting of 3 ; 3rd, 6 lions, 3, 2, 1, and
a canton. Round his head is a mutilated scroll :
In [te Bom]ine Specftabf  ] eternum.
Beneath the figure is inscribed,
JBtagisf Stbomas SonBes.
A marg. inscr. with Evang. symb. surrounded the whole ; parts
only now remain.
[lie jacet JWagfster ©bomas SonBes] Sacre ©heologie Scolaris films aailli
SonBes Be SCretolegh" in ffiom Hanc' armigeri Cgui obijt [  ] no
JBrtt [JWillesimo ffiffiffiffilCXXOTEI. 3£t anno regnf regis] lEBtoatBi eguarti
^ost ronqm XOTE310 ffiuius anime propicietur IBcus amen ^ater Noster anB
[an abe for sepnt ffibarite.]
The inscr. are in raised letters, and the lost parts are supplied
from Wood's Coll., ibid.
No. 99.
1479. John Palmer, B.A. New College Chapel, Oxford.
A small figure habited as No. 90 ; from his mouth a label :
SecuBii mfa[m tuam meme]nto mef.
See Wood's Coll., p. 206.
Beneath is this inscr. :
©rate p aia Sohis palmer SasatBot' arciu bacallarij quonBii Socif bums
ffiolagij qui obijt bij° Bie mensis JWalj a° Biii JWoffiffiffiffi°1CXXIX0 ffiuius ale
rpiciet' Be'. No. 100.
c. 1480. A Priest.
A small full length figure of a Priest habited in a long gown with

BRASSES OF PRIESTS IN ACADEMICAL DRESSES, &C. 35
full half sleeves, tippet and hood, and holding in his hands a small
chalice. Inscr. lost.
No. 101.
c. 1480. A Priest, M.A. Magdalene College Chapel, Oxford.
A figure habited in a cassock, over which is a shorter gown with
out sleeves, a hood, and tippet, with two short labels of fur; ap
parently the dress of a M.A. Inscr. lost. See the cut in Introd.
No. 102.
c. 1480. A Priest, M.A. Magdalene College Chapel, Oxford.
A figure similar to the preceding. The inscr. is lost.
No. 103.
c. 1480. A Priest. Magdalene College Chapel, Oxford.
A small demi-figure habited as No. 90. The inscr. is gone. A
cut of this brass is given in the Introd.
The three last named figures are loose in the chapel; and two
years ago there were also four inscrs. and a figure to Walter
Charyls, M.A., 1502, also loose; these are now lost; one of the in
scriptions was as follows, and probably belonged to either No. 101,
or 102. ffilausa sub hoc tumulo ISentlep sut ossa iohis
attibus eBoctus qufq? magister erat
¦presbiter hie ffiantu Biuinis prefuit attem
ffiantanBi exetcens solo in honore Bel
lune Bolor 3Enecult pocius g' eorpore morbus
ffiul tamen est pietas ulla refunBe pteces.
No. 104.
1490. Richard Spekynton. All Souls' College Chapel, Oxford.
A small figure in cassock, tippet, and hood; from his mouth a
label, of which the letters  us only remain. Beneath his feet
is this inscr :
©rate p aia magfi HicarBi Spekpnton in Stroqj lure Hacallarij quoB"m Socij
hut' collegij ac ffiomissarfj 8c nfficialis Hufekpngamle q1 obijt ix° Bie mens' matcij
a" Biii JWffiffiffiffiXXXXX0
No. 105.
1492. George Rede. St. George's, Fovant, Wilts.
On an oblong plate is represented the annunciation of the B. V.
Mary, whose figure kneels at a desk, and is habited in a sideless

36 BRASSES OF PRIESTS IN ACADEMICAL DRESSES, &C.
kirtle with fur at the waist and at the bottom of the skirt ; over this
a mantle : her hands are crossed on her breast, and her hair (which is
long and flowing) is bound by a tiara of jewels ; round her head is a
nimbus. Above her the descent of the Holy Spirit is pourtrayed in
the form of a dove. Behind her is a lily in a vase ; and at her side
the angel Gabriel in albe and cope, holding a scroll inscribed,
JUlrie gratis plena Biis tecu.
At her left is the figure of a Priest in cassock and hood ; over his
arm a rosary, and from his hands a scroll inscribed,
© blessiB JWoBir of pece prap to tbf sone for me.
The back ground of the plate is diapered with roses, &c. Beneath
is this inscr :
©rate pro aia Biii ffieorgij HeBe quonBam Hector 'Ecclie Be fibbent ©empore
TEBificacfofs noiie tuee fhu anno Bomini millmo ffiffiffiffi»XXXXXI3° ffiuius anime
rjpiciet' Be' amc.
No. 106.
1494. Thomas Buttler. St. Peter's, Great Haseley, Oxon.
A small figure in cassock, surplice, and almuce, with bell-shaped
pendants. ©rate p aia magistri SChome ISutttcr quonBam Hector istius ecclie qui obijt
a° Biii JW°ffiffiffiffi°XXXXXEI13l° cui' aie rpiciet' Be'.
Above were two shields bearing gu. 3 covered cups or, Boteler.
No. 107.
c. 1500. George Jassy. Magdalene College Chapel, Oxford.
A demi-figure as No. 90.
Sassp ffieotgius hie iaceo bites abieve
^ecfunctus bita raptus ab orbe fui
Cgulsquts aBes tfbi me movtalem boiem cp fulsse
In mentem beniat et miseterc ptecor.
No. 108.
c. 1500. A Priest. St. Cross, Winchester, Hants.
A figure habited as No. 106, and wearing a pointed cap. The
inscr. is lost, but it is probable that a legend given in Wood's MSS.
(D. 4.8518. p. 56) in the Ashmolean belonged to it.
 [HicarBus lar]inaiB Bmetorum Boctoris ac nuper hujus [loci
©uato's'?] '  Bie aptllis, an Bom JWffiffiffiffi nonages, tevtio.
There was a Richard Harwood, or Harward, Master of the Hospital
in 1489.

BRASSES OF PRIESTS IN ACADEMICAL DRESSES, &C. 37
No. 109.
1501. Thomas Mason, M.A. Magdalene College Chapel, Oxford.
A figure habited as No. 101. Beneath is this inscr. :
©rate p aia JBltl ©home JHason in artifi? magistri qui quonBa fuit soctus but'
collegij et obijt sexto Bccio Bie mcsis fcbtuarij anno Biii JW° quigentcsio p'mo
cui' aie niicietur Beus amen. No. 110.
1507. Edmund Croston. St. Mary's, Oxford.
Against the wall, over the entrance from the tower into the nave,
is a curious brass representing the Romish doctrine of the intercession
of Saints. It consists of a small kneeling figure habited as 106 ;
behind it a Greek cross, with a tun engraved at the end of each
arm ; from the mouth proceeds a scroll to a figure of St. Catherine,
thus inscribed : auxiliare tuis famulti preclb? kat'ina
bt m1 cit superis sit sine fine locus.
On another scroll from St. Cath. to a lost representation of the
Trinity, ©bsecro sume Be' benfa eonccBe precatt
¦ffiBmiiBo croston gloria fine earcns.
Beneath St. Cath. is this inscr. :
hie lapis lEBmiiBi croston tegtt ossa sepultl
©lim qui biuus bir fuit eximius
lancastrensis erat patria princeps et eeni
ffiontubetmoll ptobiBus atq? sagax
procurator item respublica pace quicuft
postq? biiuilstoaoie prefuit ecclesie
post xpm natti labitut millesim' annis
9Et post quigentos Septimus an' evat
anteqs calenBas sextu februarius egit
lunc ex hoc seculo cu rapuere fata
bee qufctiq? legis croston memor esto p'tanBo
bt sibi cu superis Betur in arce locus.
No. 111.
1508. John London, M.A. New College Chapel, Oxford.
A figure habited as No. 101.
hie iacet Sops lonBon in artttrj magr' ac sacre tbeologie scolaris necnon but' alme
bniu'sitatis scriba qui obijt xix0 Bie augusti anno Biii JW" fflffifflfflffi VMS
cuius ale propicietur Beus amen.

38 BRASSES OF PRIESTS IN ACADEMICAL DRESSES, &C.
No. 112.
1510. David Lloyde, and Thomas Baker.
All Souls' College Chapel, Oxford.
Two demi-figures ; the one on the dexter side is a Priest, habited as
No. 90 ; the other is a civilian, and wears a hood, a mantle fastened
on the left shoulder, with the front portion thrown over the right
arm ; underneath this is an ordinary civilian's gown, with furred
hanging sleeves.
©rate p aiabus JWrl BauiB IlopBe In birocp Sure bacallartj Et thorne baker iuris
ciuilis scolastici qui obicrut anno Biii millimo quigetcslmo x° mesis bero Becebris
Bie xxiitj".
No. 113.
1515. William Goberd, B.A. Magdalene College Chapel, Oxford.
A figure habited as No. 106. Over his head is a scroll inscribed
as follows, the lost parts being restored from Wood's Coll., p. 333.
Sea [SCrinitas un' IB' micbi s]it oio benig'.
Beneath his feet is this inscr. :
lie iacet magr affitillm' ffioberB i artib? ISacularl' necno arcbiBiacon' salojp qui
obijt xbiij0 Beceb!s a0 Bni ffll°VcXV°, cui' ae Be' rpi'.
No. 114.
1517. John Spence, B.D. St. Mary's, Ewelme, Oxon.
A figure habited in a long gown with furred sleeves ; over this a
shorter gown with full half-sleeves, a hood, and a tippet with short
lappets. ©bft' JBlagri 3)ohis Spence in sacta tbeologfa bachalavij et magri Bom' Elfmo=
sinatlj Be Etoclme qui obiit primo Bie mensis aprilis anno Biij JWffiffifflffiffi
anB XUI3.°
At the corners of the slab on scrolls are the words,
3hii — mercp. bclpe — IaBp.
No. 115.
1519. John Bowcus ? Merton College Chapel, Oxford.
Near the entrance into the inner chapel is a small three quarter
figure habited as the last, and holding a large chalice containing a
wafer marked with a cross crosslett. From the position and execu-

BRASSES OF PRIESTS IN ACADEMICAL DRESSES, &C. 39
tion of the figure, and the matrix beneath it, there is every reason to
believe that the following inscr., given in Wood's Coll., p. 28, from
Hutton's MSS., belongs to it.
fijuum fuetim captus sacra Be fonte lohamtes
$uncupor ast Hotocus matrc ego natus cram
Ipse magistratus celebrem sumptibus bonorem
HesponBt reliquo pro gtege stante meo
EBibus inBe licet tempus brebe specto ttabenis
^resum quern interea mors ttuculenta raplt
6|uiB precor @s, quiB honor, quiB Benique gloria proBest
CguanBo sub exiguo clauBere saxeolo
Ductus magnificus ffiesar qui ffiresus Bibes usque
Jttanes hancque Bebes tenBere quisquis eris
.... erne igitur secli nimis inBulgere caBucis
.... anfmam supetis fae babftare locls.
ffiblit xl Bie aprilis %"° Wl 1519.
No. 116.
1523. Nicholas Goldwell, M.A.
Magdalene College Chapel, Oxford.
A small figure, not that of a Priest, habited as No. 101.
loc saxo matmoreo surp'mit' corp' Nicbotaf ffiolBtnell in artib? magfi bui'q?
p'elari collegij olim socij soluti nexib? corporeis xxiij0 Bie aprilis anno birginei
partus Jfit° ffiffiffiffiffi° XXH3)° fflui' glioso aspeetu fruat' in eiim amen.
Beneath, on a shield, these arms ; az. a chief or. over all a lion ramp.
erm. From his mouth was a label inscribed :
Succurre mihi Uirgo JStarta.
And above, the B. V. Mary and Child, (Wood's Coll., p. 333.)
No. 117.
c. 1530. William Lawnder.
SS. Peter and Paul, Northleach, Gloucestershire.
A figure in surplice, hood (?), and long gown, kneeling at a desk.
On a label from his mouth, to a lost figure of the B. V. M. and
Child : © regina poll meBiatrfx esto latonBer ffiHflli.
Over this, on another label, to a lost repres. of the Holy Trinity :
© nomen eeli labmBer miserere cBilfi.
Above, a shield remains with the verbal symb, of the Holy Tri
nity. Portions of a marg. inscr. are left :

40 BRASSES OF POST-REFORMATION ECCLESIASTICS.
[ JWan in inbat] state that euer tbofa> be
©fmor mortis sbulBe truble the
ffor iKRben thoto leest Sffltenpst beniet te mors supare
[anB] so tbp grabe grebps Ergo mortis memorarE.
See Gough, Sep. Mon., vol. ii. pt. 2. p. 150.
No. 118.
1534. Thomas Leman.
St. George's, South Acre, Norfolk.
A kneeling figure, habited similarly to the above. Behind him is
a figure of the Blessed Virgin crowned and holding the Infant Saviour.
©rate p aia Biii ©home leman qttoBS Hectoti' 3)stius Ecclie qui obijt X° Bie
mensis Sunii atio JBfif J$t'° fflfflffifflffi° XXXIII3T ffiui' aie miciet' Beus.

BRASSES OE POST-REFORMATION ECCLESIASTICS.
No. 119.
1561. Dr. Wm. Bill, Dean.
St. Benedict's Chapel, Westminster Abbey.
On a plain altar- tomb, a figure in long gown, open up the front,
and with narrow sleeves; over the shoulders a hood. Beneath is
this inscription :
EILLVS ET IPSE BONVS FVIT, ET VIRTVTIS AMATOR,
ET COLVIT DOCTOS, DOCTVS ET IPSE FVIT.
OFFICII CVSTOS ERAT, ATQ? MAGISTER HONESTI,
ET BENE PERFECIT MVLTA LOQVENDO PARV.
PATRIA PRVDENTEM, FIDVM REGINA MINISTRV
PERDIDIT ET PATREM PAUPER ABISSE GENIET.
ET TRIA TALE CAPVT COLLEGIA MESTA RELI8VIT
QUALE DIV RVHSVS NON HABITVRA REOR.
AVT EGO DELEXI NIM1RV (DVM VIVERET ILLVM ;
AVT PATRIE MAGNO CONCIDIT IPSE MALO.
Round the tomb is a chamfer legend as follows :
HIC IACET GVLIELMVS BILL, SACR.F. THEOLOGIZE DOCTOR, DECANVS WEST-
MINASTERII, PRIMARIUS COLLEGII ETONENSIS, COLLEGII TRINITATIS APVD
CANTABRIGIAM PlljEFECTVS ET SERENISSIMiE REGINA ELIZABETHS SVMMVS
ELEIMOSINARIVS OBIIT XV JVNII ANNO SALVTIS M.D.LXI.
On the slab were four shields, now all lost; that at the upper
dexter formerly bore Bill's arms, erm. two wood-bills sa. with
long handles ppr. in saltier, on a chief az. a pale or, charged with
a rose gu. betw. 2 pelicans' heads erased at the neck, az. These

BRASSES OF POST-REFORMATION ECCLESIASTICS. 41
arms were probably repeated on another shield, and the arms of the
abbey borne by the other two. Dr. Bill was the first dean of
Westminster, and had a share in the revision of the Prayer-Book at
the beginning of Queen Elizabeth's reign.
No. 120.
1566. John Fenton, Vicar.
SS. Peter and Paul, Coleshill, Warwickshire.
A Priest in a surplice, holding in one hand a Bible, to which he
points with the other. The Bible is inscribed, betbii Bei.
lere Kerb the boBp of Spr 31ohn JFenton prest IBacbelav of lain sumtpme bicar of
"fbis ffiburch anB offishall of fflobenttec tobo ©eceasseB the xbij Bape of Jttape 1566,
tohose soule Sesus parBon amen. No. 121.
1567. William Dye. St. Mary's, Westerham, Kent.
A Priest in cassock, surplice, and stole or scarf.
lere Ipeth burpeB In pe JW'cp of 3biis cbriste pe boBp of Spr affitBlliam Kpe
^rest sumtpme ^)son of fflattlsfplBe tohicbe DeceasseB in anno Biil 1567 of tohose
soule 3)1)5 babe mercy. No. 122.
1578. Edmund Geste, Bishop. Salisbury Cathedral.
A figure in rochet, lawn sleeves, and scarf; holding a book in one
hand, and a short staff in the other.
EBmunBus ffieste sacra; fbeologiee professor, fflantabrigfensis, Episcopi Hlottensis
onerelauBab titter, SuiniElemosinarij3Regijmunercliberaliier,annosplusquamBuo=
Becim perfunctus est,^ostea bero quam a serenissimaHUgina Eli?aberba translatus
quinquennfum huie Eplseopatui Sarum aB Bei gloriam bonoriftce, aB eccleste a>Bifica=
tionem fractuose, aBsuam ffiomenBationem egregieprKfuisset magno suo ffiomoBo at
maiote luctu suorum, bitam lauBabilem cum meliore morte commutans, honorii
(quae ^abuit neq? nulla, ncq? nimia) magnam partem cognatis et amfcis, mafotem
pauperfbus, maximam famulfs Bomestfcis legauit, et ingentem ©ptimonim librorum
bim, quantam bix bna capcre bibliotheca potest, perpetuo stuBiosorii bsui in bac
ccclesia eonserbahBam Bestinautt. luic fgitur otnatissimo et Boctissimo et seni et
prasulf bltimo Bie ffebruarij anno Biii 1578. etatfs bero sue 63, bita pie Befuncto
EgiBius Estcourte armiger, alter illlus tcstamenti executor, hoc monumeniii aB
tanti bltl memoria rctinenBam aB suam in illii obserbantiam testificanBam posuft.
Bp. Guest was the prominent person in the review of the Com.
Prayer Book, made under the direction of Secretary Cecil in 1559,
previously to its restoration after being abolished by Queen Mary.
See Strype, Annals, (Oxon. 1824,) vol. i. pt. i. c. iv„ and pt. ii.
p. 459. G

42 BRASSES OF POST-REFORMATION ECCLESIASTICS.
No. 123.
1582. Nicholas Asheton.
A figure vested in doublet, surplice, and scarf. Beneath it is the
following inscr., part of which is omitted in the rubbing :
lie Sacet Nicolaus asheton Sacra1 tbeologia> 13aec  ffiantabr : ffiappel=
lanus ffiomttls JBarbie : nuper UUctor  clcsite : ac ©Urn bicarius Be 1Sen=
Dalle : Eancastre  JWagna leabcr : qui obiit bltimo Bie jJWensis Septem
 Biii JSlilleslmo qufngentessimo ©ctogessimo secunBo  Ell?a=
bethse 9Rcg : bicessimo quarto.
No. 124.
1618. Hugh Johnson. St. John Baptist's, Hackney, Middlesex Jr
A figure of a Priest in a reading pue, wearing a ruff, doublet, and
a gown open up the front, and having long false sleeves ; from his
mouth proceeded a scroll, of which the words I?E' .'.'.: alone remain.
Beneath him is the following inscr. :
Quo properas hospes paulum confiste gradum et in
Johnfoni fortem confpice prejbiteri
Quern vaga gauifa est monitorem ferre juventus
et tenuem dites quern petiere procul
Parce precor manes lachrymis vrgere profujis
et frustrafuperos follicitare deos
Non perijt corpus rapuerunt fidera mentem,
doctrinam populi, catera mundus habet.
HEERE LYETH THE BODIE OF Mr H/VGI-IE IoHNSON WHO WAS VlCAR OF THIS
CHVRCH 45 YEARE AND DEPARTED THIS LYFE 16 OF IANVARY 1618, AGED 72.
AND WAS A GOOD BENEFACTOR TO Ye POORE OF THIS PARISH AND TO THE POORE
OF THE TOWNE OF MAKELESF1ELD IN CHESHIRE WHEERE HE WAS BORNE.

PART II.
BEASSES OF KNIGHTS AND LADIES. '

* BRASSES OP KNIGHTS OP THE THIRTEENTH CENTURY.
No. 125.
c. 1277- Sir John D'Aubernoun.
St. Mary's, Stoke Dabernon, Surrey.
The brass of Sir John D'Aubernoun is considered to be the earliest
example of this kind of sepulchral monument now in existence ; it is
the only example of the time of Edward I. that is not cross-legged.
He is entirely enveloped in a suit of interlaced chain mail ; the body
is covered by a hauberk with sleeves, a hood or coif-de-mailles is
drawn over the head, and chausses protect the legs and feet : at the
knees are genoullieres of plate ornamented with roses, and the spurs
are of the plain pryck form. Over all is worn a loose surcoat with a
fringed border ; it is confined at the waist by a plaited cord, below
which it opens in front, and falls on either side in ample folds. An
enriched guige passing over the right shoulder, supports on the oppo
site side a heater shield, emblazoned with armorial bearings, [the blue
enamel of which still remains ;] the ornament on the guige consists
alternately of a rose and the " fylfot." A broad belt slightly orna
mented suspends the sword, the pommel of which is curiously worked
with a cross in the centre ; the scabbard is plain. A lance passes under
the right arm, the shaft resting on the ground ; immediately below the
head is affixed a pennon charged with the arms of its owner, " azure,
a chevron or." The feet rest on a lion couchant, who holds the
bottom of the lance between his paws, and grasps the staff with his
teeth. At the head of the stone were originally two small shields,
of which one only remains : a legend, now much defaced, encircled
the slab in Longobardic characters.
SURE : I©iaN : ©aUEEMWPN ; ffllEtXaEE& : CHESS : Iffig :
W&V : ©E : Sa : aXJWE El® : JWEiaffll :

4<4< BRASSES OF KNIGHTS OF THE THIRTEENTH CENTURY.
The above account is extracted from Waller, pt. x. The brass lies in
the chancel, and was partly covered by the altar-rails, which have
been recently removed from off the figure. An engraving of it is
given in the Introduction. No. 126.
1289. Sir Roger de Trumpington.
SS. Mary and Michael, Trumpington, Cambridgeshire.
Upon an altar-tomb beneath a stone canopy, against the wall of the
N. A. is a cross-legged figure of a knt. the size of life, and attired as
the preceding example, but with plain belts and genoullieres. His
head rests upon the heaume or helmet, which is attached by a chain
to a narrow girdle round the waist. On the back of his shoulders
are ailettes charged with his arms, az. crusuly 2 trumpets in pale, or,
beneath a label of 5 points ar. ; these are repeated on four small
shields upon his scabbard, and, without the label, upon his shield.
This last is heater-shaped, concave to the body, and evidently in an
unfinished state ; for a small portion only of the surface of the brass
has been cut away round one of the cross crosslets, to allow the inser
tion of enamel. The feet rest upon a hound which bites the chape
of the sword. There was a narrow marg. inscr., now lost. A cut of
this brass is given in the Introduction. No. 127.
1306. Sir Robert de Setvans. St. Mary's, Chartham, Kent.
Inlaid in a grey slab in the centre of the chancel, is the cross-
legged figure of a knt. armed similarly to the preceding examples,
but differing from them in having the head and hands uncovered ;
the coif-de-mailles is thrown back, and lies on the breast and
shoulders ; the terminations of the sleeves of the hauberk are slipped
off, and hang from the wrists ; in this instance also the surcoat bears
the heraldic charge of the family, and it is worthy of remark that
there are seven fans displayed on the figure, reckoning the two on
the ailettes, and one covered by the shield ; thelatter is heater-shaped,
concave to the body, and charged with az. 3 vans (winnowing fans)
or., Septvans. Beneath the hauberk appears the quilted garment
called the hacqueton, and a similar material passes over the knee,
forming a pad for the genoullieres, which are shaped somewhat like
the elbow-pieces of a later period ; the edges are escalloped. The
sword-belt and scabbard are highly ornamented ; the spurs are of the
pryck kind, but smaller than in the foregoing instances. The lines
of the engraving, at the juncture of the three plates on which the

BRASSES OF KNIGHTS AND LADIES OF THE 14TH CENTURY. 45
figure is executed, are very awkwardly united, and the brass is in an
unfinished state, the interlaced rings of the chain mail being executed
in relief on the right instep only, the rest being sketched out by in
cised lines. There was a marg. inscr. in detached Lombardic letters
of brass, which are lost, and a portion only of their matrices is
legible,  XE : J3EXS : SIUE : HUBBEM : BE : SEOTaNS 
No. 128.
1327. Sir John D'Aubernoun.
St. Mary's, Stoke Dabernon, Surrey.
A large figure of a knt. under a single canopy, the shafts and
elegant crockets of which are lost. He is attired in a bascinet and
hauberk of banded mail, with its skirt verging to a point over the
thighs ; above this is the pourpoint studded with metal rosettes, and
having an escalloped border of fringe ; over all is the cyclas : an
ornamented transverse belt supports his sword : on his left arm is his
shield with his armorial bearings (see No. 125.) His arms and legs
are protected by demi-plates strapped over the mail ; his shoulder and
elbow-pieces are circular, the latter are fastened by tags, or arming
points : at his wrists the sleeves of the tunic are visible beneath those
of the hauberk, which reach half way down the lower arms, and are
slit underneath : moveable lames, over which pryck spurs are buckled,
cover the upper part of his feet, which rest on a lion. A small portion
of a marg. inscr. in Lombardic letters remains.
 Effif IB   © JWEMC3E,
The altar-rails, which recently covered the face of the figure, have
been removed. No. 129.
c. 1330. Sir John de Northwode and Lady.
SS. Mary and Sexburga, Minster, Sheppey, Kent.
On the floor of the S. A. is this interesting brass, representing the
large figures of a knt. and his lady, with their heads resting on
diapered cushions of different designs, still retaining portions of
their original colouring. The knt. is attired in bascinet and hauberk
of banded mail, beneath the skirt of which the studded pourpoint
with its escalloped edge is visible : the sleeves of the hauberk reach a
little below the elbows, and hang loose ; beneath them, his arms are
protected by curious overlapping plates resembling scales ; his hands

46 BRASSES OF KNIGHTS AND LADIES OF THE 14TH CENTURY.
are bare ; his shoulder and elbow-pieces are composed of circular plates
escalloped at the edges. He wears also a cyclas, confined round the
waist by a girdle, to which his sword is attached. To the back of his
bascinet a chain is fastened, having its other end secured to a staple
screwed on to the left side of a plastron- de-fer, placed beneath the
cyclas. His shield, which is heater-shaped, and concave, is suspended
over his left thigh by an ornamented guige passing over his right
shoulder, and bears his arms, erm. a cross engr. gu. But owing to
several inches having been removed from the centre of the knt.'s
figure, to make it equal in length to that of his wife, the side arm of
the cross has disappeared, and the charge is reduced to a pale.
The legs below the genoullieres, are cased in chausses of mail, with
demi-jambs strapped over them ; and over his sollerets, which rest on
a lion, rowelled spurs are buckled. This lower portion of the brass
Mr. Waller has shewn to be a modern restoration, which is clear
from the different composition of its metal, and from the inferior
execution of the legs, which were evidently not crossed in the original
design. From the cross-shading beside the sollerets, and from the
resemblance of the lion to that beneath the feet of Peers Gerard, Esq.,
1492, Win wick, Lancashire, the restoration appears to have been
made at the close of the 15th cent., at which time the body and left
elbow of the figure were probably curtailed.
The lady (Joan de Badlesmere) has flowing hair plaited at the sides
of the face, and a wimple ; she wears also a long robe with an orna
mented border, gathered up under her right arm, and having two
pointed lappets, drawn forwards over her shoulders, so as to hang
down in front and exhibit a lining of vair ; these were perhaps drawn
up the sides of the face like a wimple, and buttoned over the head.
An under garment with tight sleeves reaches to the feet ; beneath
them is a dog with a collar of bells.
This brass is probably of French execution, if we may judge from
the peculiar position of the knt.'s shield and the resemblance of the
lady's attire to that of some effigies of the date 1312 and 1336,
which are engraved in Montfaucon's Mon. de la Monarchie Franc,
tom. ii. pl. 38. 52, no dress of precisely similar design having been
observed in England. No. 130.
c. 1365. Sir John de Cobham.
St. Mary Magdalene's, Cobham, Kent.
A large figure of a knt. holding the model of a church with tran
septs and spire, and wearing an acutely pointed bascinet, a camail

BRASSES OF KNIGHTS AND LADIES OF THE 14TH CENTURY. 47
and hauberk of banded mail, a jupon with escalloped and fringed
edge, and a highly ornamented bawdric buckled in front, and sup
porting his sword and anelace ; his arms are protected by epaulieres,
brassarts, small coutes, and vambraces ; his hands by gauntlets jointed
and divided into fingers ; his legs by cuisses of pourpoint, genoul
lieres and jambs ; and his feet, which rest on a lion, by pointed
sollerets with rowel spurs buckled over them. Above him is the
mutilated ped. of an elegant canopy, and round the edge of the slab
this inscr. on a narrow fillet of brass :
[De terre fust fait et foutme Et en] ©erre et a tene [suis retourne iohan Be
ffiobham founBer Be ceste place qui fut nomme] JWercp Be malme eft la seint
©rtnite. See Gough., Sep. Mon., vol. ii. pt. ii. p. 22.
This Sir John de Cobham was the last Lord Cobham of that name ;
he rebuilt Cowling castle, and founded, c. 1362, a college of seven
priests at Cobham. He died A.D. 1407, but his brass was probably
laid down about the same time as that of Sir Thos. de Cobham, 1367,
to which it bears considerable resemblance.
No. 131.
1368. Thomas Cheyne, Esquire.
St. Mary's, Drayton Beauchamp, Bucks.
A large figure armed similarly to the preceding, but without ane
lace ; his jambs are of studded bars, and from his genoullieres depends
a pointed fringe, (see cut in the Intr. ;) his feet rest on a lion. The
inscr. is lost.
No. 132.
1370. Ralph de Knevynton. St. Michael's, Aveley, Essex.
A Flemish brass consisting of a small oblong plate, upon which,
under a canopy having circles in its spandrils filled with tracery, is
engraved the figure of a knt. with bare head bound across the fore
head with a fillet, and having a long beard. His hauberk is visible
at the neck, and comes to a point below the jupon, which last is of
pourpoint. His sword and anelace are attached to his breast by
chains ; his arms and legs are cased in plate, at the joints of which
mail is visible ; his hands are bare and shew the sleeves of the hac-
queton at his wrists ; his feet, resting on a greyhound, are protected
by jointed sollerets, long and pointed, with rowell spurs buckled over
them. lie iacet 3aaBuIphus Be Uneupntoit. ©bitus iBem Bie 3oufs ante festti set
Nfcbolal ffipiscopi anno Biii millmo. fflffiffi.XXX. Ira Bnical\ f.

48 BRASSES OF KNIGHTS AND LADIES OF THE 14TH CENTURY.
No. 133.
c. 1370. Edmund Flambard. St. Mary's, Harrow, Middx.
A bracket-brass which consisted of a long stem supporting a
double canopy, under which, with a shaft between them, were the
figures of a knt. and his lady. The fem. figure, the stem and
side shafts of the canopy, two shields, and a marg. inscr. are now
gone. The knt., whose feet rest on a lion, is armed as No. 130;
at his armpits and insteps mail is visible. In Grose's Ant. of Eng.
and Wales, 1773, (vol. i. pl. 6. of the Preface,) this brass is
engraved, and the figure of the lady was then remaining ; she was
habited in a long gown, over which was a mantle secured by a short
cordon ; her hair was arranged in three zigzag rows, and at her feet
was a dog with a collar of bells.
Weever (p. 531) gives this inscr. .
EBmunB JlambarB 8c Elisabeth gisont iep.
Dieu Be salmcs ept mercp. amen.
JTambarB EBmunBus iacet hie tellure sepultus
ffioniur aBBetur Elisabeth et societur.
No. 134.
1375. William Cheyne, Esquire.
St. Mary's, Drayton Beauchamp, Bucks.
A large figure armed as No. 130, but without anelace; gussets of
mail are visible at the armpits and insteps : his sollerets, composed of
overlapping scales, rest on a lion. On each side of his head was a
shield, now lost. Three sides of a marg. inscr. remain.
 fflbepne qui obijt mi0 Bie augusti anno Biii millmo fflffiffilnb
[cuius] ate micletur Bs. No. 135.
c. 1375. Sir John Foxley, and wives.
St. Michael's, Bray, Berks.
A fine bracket-brass with a short stem, resting upon a, fox couchant,
and supporting the figures of a knt. between his two wives, which
were formerly under a fine triple canopy, the buttresses of which
only remain. The lint., whose feet rest on a lion, is armed as
No. 130, but with plain cuisses, and gussets of mail at the armpits ;
his head reclines upon a helmet bearing a cointisse and his crest, a
fox's head ; his jupon is charged with his arms, gu. 2 bars, ar. The
female figures wear their hair in three rows nebulee, and have tight

BRASSES OF KNIGHTS AND LADIES OF THE 14TH CENTURY. 49
gowns buttoned up the waist, and close sleeves with buttons beneath
from the elbows, above which long lappets are suspended. Then-
dresses are charged with their husband's arms ; the lady on his right
hears them imp. a lion ramp. The marg. inscr. is lost.
No. 136.
1384. Sir John Harsick and Lady.
St. George's, Southacre, Suffolk.
Large and fine figures ; the lady at the right hand of the knt. He
wears a bascinet, camail and hauberk of banded mail ; his arms and
legs are cased in plate, with gussets of mail at the armpits, elbows,
and insteps : over his sollerets, which rest on a lion, rowell spurs are
buckled ; upon his jupon, the edge of which is escalloped, are his
arms, or, a chief indented sa. : his bawdric supporting his sword, and
ornamented with flowers in circles, is grasped by his left hand, which
is protected by a gauntlet with gadlings at the centre joints of the
fingers; his right, which is bare, holds the right hand of his lady.
The latter wears her hair in straight plaits at the sides of her face,
and her forehead is bound with a jewelled fillet : her gown, long and
tight to the waist, was charged with erm. a maunch, gu. Calthorp, imp.
the coat of her husband; the former of these arms are gone. Over
her gown is a mantle fastened across the shoulders by a short cordon,
which she holds in her left hand ; at her feet is a dog. Above the
figures are the knt.'s arms repeated on a shield set obliquely, and
surmounted by a tilting helmet with a cointisse, and the crest, in
a hoop or, a bunch of turkey feathers, to bear which, license was
granted to him and his heirs by Sir John Camoys, 13th Ed. III.
There was another shield between the shoulders of the figures. The
marg. inscr. is as follows :
Mr< lie facet Bns iobes harsick miles ejusBem nominis] tercfus qui obijt scBo
tie septebr' anno Biii mfllto ffiffiffi lirxSuj cuius ate [niicief] Bs ame Et Bns
Haterfna bx'  See Gough, Sep. Mon., vol. i. p. 146.
No. 137.
1387. Sir Robert de Grey.
Rotherfield Greys, Oxon.
Under a fine single canopy is a large figure of a knt. similar to
the preceding example. The marg. inscr. runs thus :
lie facet IRobertus Be ffirep mples Bominus Be IRetberfclB qui obijt xij Bie
ianuar' anno Bomini millio ffiffiffi octogesimo septlmo cuius anime gucief Beus
amen.

50 BRASSES OF KNIGHTS AND LADIES OF THE 14TH CENTURY.
No. 138.
c. 1390. John Flambard. St. Mary's, Harrow, Middx.
A large figure armed as No. 136 ; his anelace is lost ; his feet
rest on a lion. The inscr. is curious from the two syllables of his
name " Flambard" being separated by an intervening word.
Don me'Bo marmore 'Numfnis otBine flam tumlat
13arB q°? berbere stfgfs E ftm're hie tucatur :
No. 139.
c. 1390. A Knight.
A figure of a knt. attired as No. 1 36 ; his feet rest upon a hound :
the inscr. is lost. No. 140.
1392. Thomas Lord Berkeley and Lady.
St. Mary's, Wotton-under-Edge, Gloucestershire.
Upon a plain altar- tomb in the N. A. are two large figures of a
knt., and his lady at his right hand. The knt., whose feet rest on
a lion, is attired as No. 136, and wears a collar of mermaids, the
cognizance of the Berkeleys ; his bawdric, which is richly ornamented,
is buckled in front, and terminated with a jewel ; the tilting helmet,
on which his head rested, his sword, and hilt of anelace, are gone.
The lady wears the reticulated head-dress, with a small kerchief
pinned at the top and dependant behind, and round her forehead a
jewelled border ; her head rests upon two elegantly diapered cushions.
A kirtle, with tight sleeves buttoned beneath, appears under her
mantle, which is confined by a cordon ; at her feet is a dog with a
bell-collar. Lord Berkeley was appointed, with others, to pronounce
sentence of deposition on Rich. II. , A.D. 1399. He died 1417, but
this brass was doubtless engraved at the time of his wife's decease,
1392. No. 141.
1395. Sir William de Bryene. St. Peter's, Seal, Kent.
A large figure armed similarly to No. 136 ; his head rests upon a
tilting helmet, having as its crest, on a chapeau a bugle horn stringed,
with a cointisse below : beneath his feet is a lion. On two shields
are these arms, I. or, 3 piles in point az., Bryan; II. Bryan, imp.
quart. 1st and 4th a lion ramp. 2nd and 3rd fretty. There is a
marg. inscr. with Evang. symb.
?£< lie iacet Bns eMlIlms Be IBrpenc miles quonBam Bns Be ISempspng $c Be
Sele qui obijt xxiij Bie mensis Stptembr' anno Biii JW° ffiffiffi" Iraxb0 ffiuius ale
jpicct' Beus amen.

BRASSES OF KNIGHTS AND LADIES OF THE 14TH CENTURY. 51
No. 142.
c. 1395. Sir  Dallingridge and Lady.
SS. Mary and Andrew's, Fletching, Sussex.
On an altar-tomb in the S. chantry is a fine brass of a knt. and
his lady, attired as No. 135. On the jupon of the former are his
arms, or, a cross engr. gu. The lady wears a mantle, and has no
lappets attached to her arms. Above is a fine double canopy, with
an embattled entablature, and supported by three shafts, one of which
is between the figures. On a canopy above the altar-tomb is a shield
bearing the arms as before, and surmounted by a unicorn's head for
a crest. No. 143.
1398. Sir John Bettesthorne. St. MichacFs, Mere, Wilts.
A figure, attired in acutely pointed bascinet, and camail hauberk and
gussets of interlaced chain mail ; the edge of the skirt of the hau
berk is formed of small bunches of rings, his brassarts and vambraces
are ornamented with an invected pattern, and his gauntlets are armed
with gadlings; his jupon has an escalloped edge, and fringes at the
arm holes ; his bawdric, to which his sword and anelace are attached,
is adorned with roses in circles, and buckles in front : cuisses, genoul
lieres with gussets of mail behind, and jambs, protect his legs, and
solkrets his feet, which rest on a lion. The inscr. is reversed.
lie iacet 3tabes bettesthorne quonBa Bns Be ffihaBenropsche funBatot istius
cafflarie qui obijt bj Bie JFebruarij anno Biii J$t° ffiffiffi0 xebllj litera Bnical'
E cui' aie mfcict' Beus ame.
tju qui trasferis : biBeas sta plege plow
Es qB' cram et eris : qB' su p me precor ora.
No. 144.
c. 1400. Sir John Wingfield (?)
St. Mary's, Letheringham, Suffolk.
A large figure armed similarly to the preceding : his jupon has
escalloped arm holes, and is charged with his arms, ar. on a bend gu.
betw. 3 cotises sa. 3 pairs of wings, joined in leure, of the field. The
inscr. is lost, but in Gough's Sep. Mon. (vol. ii. pt. 2. p. 27.) is an
impression taken from an inscr. of a brass at Letheringham which
may belong to this figure ; it runs thus :
lie iacet Bits Sobes Be SUpngefelB miles quoBa Bns Be Xetheringf)am cui'
There is also the impression of a shield, bearing Wingfield imp.

52 BRASSES OF KNIGHTS AND LADIES OF THE 15tH CENTURY.
or, a maunche gu., Sir John having married Margaret, dau. of Sir
Hugh Hastings : he died A.D. 1389.
No. 145.
1400. Sir George Felbrigg. St. Mary's, Playford, Suffolk.
A fine large figure armed as No. 143, but without fringe to his
jupon, which is charged with his arms, or, a lion ramp. gu. : at his
feet is a lion. Above was a fine single canopy, groined, with the
arms of Felbrigg in the ped., but of this the double side-shafts alone
remain. Part of a marg. inscr. in raised letters, having each word
separated by the letter JJt and a demi-rose conjoined, is left, and
runs thus :
funBa Be per' a Bleu loange et Bieu pur lalme Be lui a[Bieu qufl est pete ei. . .
teste . . . ] See Gough, Sep. Mon., vol. ii. pl. xlvii.* p. 134.
Sir Geo. Felbrigg was esquire of the body to Edward III., and
was knighted in Scotland A.D. 1385".
No. 146.
1401. Sir Morys Russel and Lady.
St. Peter's, Dyrham, Gloucestershire.
In the S. A. are two large figures of a knt. and his lady at his
right hand. The knt. is armed as No. 136, but with straight edge to
his jupon ; his feet rest on a lion. The lady wears her hair in three
nebule rows across the forehead, and falling down behind on her
shoulders ; she is attired in a kirtle with tight mitten sleeves buttoned
underneath, and a mantle ; at her feet is a dog. Above the figures
remains the ped. of a fine double canopy, having two shields suspended
within quatrefoils, and bearing, I. ar. on a chief gu. 3 bezants, Russel;
II. Russel imp. quart. 1st and 4th, erm. 3 annulets one within the
other gu., Fitton ; 2nd and 3rd, a bend nebulae, cotised, gu.
JWiles pu'atus, bita facet hie ttrmulatus :
Sub petra stratus, JWorps IRussel bocitatus :
Isabel sponsa, fuit bufus militls fsta :
£gue iacet absconsa, sub marmorca raoBo cista :
ffielf solamen, trinltas his conferat amen :
C§uf fuit est et erit, concito movie perit :
No. 147.
1403. John Hanley and Wives.
St. Saviour's, Dartmouth, Devon.
Large figures under a highly ornamented triple canopy much
mutilated, the ped. of which contains circles filled with tracerv : the
• Mr. Boutell (p. 68.) informs us that this brass has been recently floored over.

BRASSES OF KNIGHTS AND LADIES OF THE 15TH CENTURY. 53
knt. is attired as No. 143, but with taces (?) having a fringed
border, in place of the jupon ; the edge of the skirt of his hauberk is
invected ; his left hand grasps his bawdric, his right holds the hand
of one of his wives, whose left is placed upon her breast. The ladies,
with their faces turned toward their husband, have their hair plaited
on both sides, with jewelled fillets, and small kerchiefs. They wear
kirtles as in the preceding example, and over them sideless gowns
with rosettes in front. Each figure has at her feet two dogs with
bell collars.
>J< lit facet ucnerabilis bit Kohncs lanlep fatitis cancelle funBator qui obijt
xxxm° Bie Becembris anno Biil JW  Bextra Iacet ux' eius prima note Sohiia
true obiit xb° Bie Dultj anno B'o millo ffiffiffim° nonagesto qrto. In pac 
aifcia que obijt bit" Bie Sanuar" anno Biil Jttillo fflffiffiffi"" tercio qttor' anfma=
bus propicietur Beus am 
No. 148.
1403. Sir Reginald de Cobham.
SS. Peter and Paul, Lingfield, Surrey.
A large figure armed as No. 143, but with an orle* and fringed
taces in place of a jupon; his sword and anelace are richly orna
mented : his head rests upon his tilting helmet, from which the crest,
apparently a head in profile, has been removed ; his feet upon a grey
hound. Two shields are lost from beside his head. There is a marg.
in3cr. in relief as follows :
3Be Steresburgh" Bomin' Be ffiobham sic ffiegfnalBus
lie iacet hie ualiBus miles fuit ut IcoparBus
 borfs
In cuntfs terris famam preBauit honoris
JBapsilis in mensis formosus more gerosus
Eargus in expensis imperteritus generosus
Et quanBu placuit Jfflessie moreretur
Expirans obijt in cells gloriftcetur
JWllIe quaBringeno tercio ....
JWigrabit celo sit sibi uera quies,
amen, paternoster.
No. 149.
1407. Sir John Lysle. Holy Cross Church, Thruxton, Hants.
A fine large figure, the earliest instance known of a knt. in com
plete plate armour without any mail visible. He is attired in a
bascinet, not so acutely pointed as the former examples, gorget, cui
rass, circular pallettes in front of his armpits* epaulieres, brassarts,
vambraces, fan-shaped coutes, and gauntlets divided into fingers,
their cuffs and the gorget ornamented with a border of trefoils ; a

54 BRASSES OF KNIGHTS AND LADIES OF THE ] 5TH CENTURY.
skirt of taces is attached to his breast-plate, a diagonal belt supports,
at his left side, his sword, which has the usual ornament at the top
of the scabbard, and at his right is an anelace ; cuisses, genoullieres
with plates below them, jambs, and sollerets with guarded rowell
spurs buckled over them, complete the suit. At the sides of the
figure are four shields ; I. or, on a chief az. 3 lions ramp, of the 1st,
Lisle ; II. a chev. betw. 3 heathcocks ; III. Lisle imp. or, 3 torteaux,
a label of three points az., Courtenay ; IV. Lisle imp. a chevr. betw.
3 heathcocks (or roundels ?). Above is a rich triple canopy with
ornamented circles in the ped. The marg. inscr. runs thus :
Sub laplBe isto tacent pie memorie Bominus Johannes Epsle JfBtiles Bomtmts Be
aRoajmton in Insula becta ffit Bomina ffili?abetb Insle bxor eius Eoem Bominus
Sohannes obijt bltimo Bie JWensis Sanuarij anno  Bomini JStiHesimo
fflfflffiffi°bij° ffiorum anime pace ftuantur eterna ajWffiN.
No. 150.
1407. Sir William Bagot and Lady.
St. John Baptist's, Baginton, Warwickshire.
A large figure similar to No. 143, with straight edge to his hau
berk : on his jupon are his arms, ar. a chevr. gu. betw. 3 martlets sa. ;
a crescent for diff. At his right side is his wife, her head resting on
two cushions ; her hair is plaited at each side of her face ; she wears
a kirtle (as No. 146) girded across the hips, over it a sideless gown
and a mantle lined with fur ; at her feet are two dogs. Both figures
wear collars of SS. Over the knt. are his arms, and over the lady,
who was sister and heir of Robt. de Whatton of Northants, these
arms, billety a chevr. indented. Dugdale (Hist, of Wai^ckshire,
p. 253) gives this marg. inscr. with Evang. symb.
?J< lie facent OTillms IBagot quonBam miles  quaBringentlssimo bij.
llj Bie Sept. et JWargareta bxor elusBem Sffillltelmt qtte obijt anno Jfilillesimo
quaBcingcntesimo  quorum animabus propicietur trlnitas sc* bnus Beus
in maiestate 
This brass has been well restored by Messrs. Waller.
Of the above knt., who took so prominent a part in the afrairs of
Rich. II., some additional notices may be seen in the " Chron. de
Rich. Deux," publ. by the Eng. Hist. Soc, 1846.
No. 151.
1407. Sir Nicholas Hawberk.
St. Mary Magdalene's, Cobham, Kent.
A fine large figure somewhat similar to No. 136 ; the edges of his
camail and hawberk are ornamented with bunches of rings : below
his genoullieres are oblong plates. At his right side is a small male

BRASSES OF KNIGHTS AND LADIES OF THE 15TH CENTURY. 55
figure wearing a long gown with full sleeves tight at the wrists, and
standing on a pedestal inscribed, lie iacet ifohnes fill' cor.'
Over his head is a fine canopy, consisting of a trefoliated ogee arch,
supporting three pedestals with figures under canopies ; in the centre
is an aged Person seated and holding a crucifix, on the left, the B. V.
Mary and Child, on the right, St. George and the dragon ; on the
shafts below, on either side, was a shield suspended with the arms of
Hawberk imp. Cobham ; the latter, gu. on a chevr. or, 3 lions ramp.
sa., alone remain. The marg. inscr. runs thus :
<%< lie facet B[ns Nlcbolaus] latobera quonBam marltus Brie 3lobne tine Be
fflobham lereBis Biii fohls Be ffiobham funBatorfs [istius ffiollegij qui qulBem]
Nicbolaus obijt apuB fflastru Be ffiotolpng Nono Bie ©ctobtis anno Bomini
JWillmo eguaBringenteslmo Septlmo cul[us anime propicietur] Beus amen.
See Gough, Sep. Mon., vol. ii. pt. ii. p. 17.
No. 152.
1410. Sir John Wylcotes and Lady.
St. Michael's, Great Tew, Oxon.
Large figures, the lady on the knt.'s right hand. The latter (see
cut in the Introd.) is armed as No. 143, but has a gorget over his
camail, oval pallettes in front of his armpits, and a skirt of taces (?)
with fringed border ; he also wears a livery collar : his head rests on
his helmet, part of which is now lost ; beneath his feet is a greyhound.
The lady has her hair arranged in four rows nebulee, and covered with
a kerchief : she wears a long gown, short waisted, with tight sleeves,
and standing collar buttoned up to the chin and turned over ; above
this a mantle : at her feet is a dog with a bell collar. Above is a
handsome double canopy, mutilated ; in its spandrils have been four
shields, two of which remain, and bear az. an eagle displayed, ar.
armed and unged, or, Wylcote. The same arms are quartered on a
shield between the heads of the figures, the eagles in the 1st and
2nd quarters have coronets about their necks, ar. In each ped. of
the canopy is a circle containing a hand holding a label with the
motto, En on is al.
This device is repeated between each verse of the marg. inscr.
which is in raised letters, and mutilated.

©bsequijs sfbl grata nimls nidbilo crj molestia
JSlatronis speculum miseris Bos pads amairix

56 BRASSES OF KNIGHTS AND LADIES OF THE 15TH CENTURY.
. . ctobtis quintaBecima sub luce sub anno

 ault allcla fata
©ssa Babantut bumo repetebat spfrit[us astra ?]
In a MS. of Anthony a Wood in the Ashmolean Museum, (8505.
43. p. 114,) 'John Wylcotes et Alicia ux. ejus ob. 1400 et semel x'
occurs in the Church notes of Gt. Tew.
No. 153.
c. 1410. A Knight. St. Mary's, Wendon, Essex.
A figure of a knt. similar to No. 1 49, but with circular plates at
the elbows, and the edge of his skirt of mail, with its bunch of rings,
visible beneath the taces, to which a baguette is attached. Three
shields above the head, and an inscr. at the feet, are lost
No. 154.
1414. John Cressy Esquire, and Wipe.
St. Mary's, Dodford, Northants.
Small but well executed figures, the knt. armed as No. 149 : at his
right side is his wife, who wears the horned h. dr., and a long gown
with turned over collar and high girt waist ; the sleeves, deep and
hanging, are gathered up close at the wrists.
lie facet 3Sobes ffitessp armlg' 8c ffiristina ux' efus qui quiB' 3obes obijt p'mo
Bie octob' a° Biii J¥t° ffiffiffiffi° xiiij" et Bca ffiristina obijt  Bie a° Biii
JW" ffiffiffiffl°  quor' atabj jpiclet' Be'.
No. 155.
1416. Matthew Swetenham Esquire.
St. Mary's, Blakesley, Northants.
A knt. similar to No. 149, with a collar round his neck.
lie iacet JWattheus Shjetenham quonB"m Monitor arms ac armfger fHustrfs=
slmi 5Regis lenrlcl quart! qui obijt axix° Bie mens' Becembr' anno Biil JIW°.
ffifflfflffl-. xbj». ffiui' ale giiciet' Bs ame.
No. 156.
1426. John Brook ? All Saints', Easton, Suffolk.
A small figure armed as No. 149, with his feet resting on a dog.
His anelace and inscr. are lost.

BRASSES OF KNIGHTS AND LADIES OF THE 15TH CENTURY. 57
No. 157.
1429. Roger Isly. Sundridge, Kent.
A figure as No. 149 : his bascinet and gauntlets neatly ornamented
with trefoils. Above were two shields, I. erm. a fess gu., Isley ; II.
Isley imp. erm a bend gu.
lie iacet IRogerus Islp quonBam Bns Be SonBtessbe 8c flrenpngb*m qui obijt
xbj° Bie JWensls JWaij anno Bni millmo ffiffiffiffiXXEX° cui' ate jpiciet' Beus.
No. 158.
c. 1430. Two Knights and two Ladies.
St. Mary's, Thame, Oxon.
On an altar- tomb in the S. transept is a fine brass, now much
mutilated : it consists of a bracket, supported by two short stems,
having upon it the figures two knts. between two ladies : the lower
half of one of the knts. and seven shields are lost. The knts. are
attired as No. 149, but one of them has oblong pallettes. One of
the ladies has the veil head-dress, barbe, long gown with close
sleeves, and mantle ; the other wears the horned h. dr. with orna
mented caul, and a gown short-waisted, with deep open sleeves
reaching to the feet. The following is all that remains of a
chamfer inscr. :
.... ®hoe Be ffiircp filij 3&oberti Biii Be (tap BetberfelB' mlluis 
Compare No. 137.
Perhaps two of these figures commemorate Thos. Quatremain
and wife, 1432 ?
No. 159.
1430. Sir Thomas Brounplet.
St. Laurence's, Wymington, Beds.
A fine large figure, like No. 149, with ohlong pallettes; his head
rests upon a tilting-helmet, surmounted by his crest, a fox's head
issuing from a coronet. Above is this inscr. in double lines :
Xaus ©home ctcscit IBrounflet Bccus onie fauesclt :
figuf post Biscessit bac tumba morte quiescit :
Begis HUx Bonis pincetna fuit rcgfonis ;
lui'. et fpe bonis pro factis conBicionis :
JBignus aB hoc utiq?. sit ©resorer' bospicij q? ;
1. quarti sibi qj quia berax bixit ubiq' :
lie rex iussiset bt ©besaurarius fsset :
anglis. mansisset ex sensu ni renuisset :
i

' 58 BRASSES OF KNIGHTS AND LADIES OF THE 15TH CENTURY.
© tlbi sunt similes, paucl Blgm'ssie JWtles :
Namcr? graBus abilcs scanBunt scnsu Subenilcs :
Siluestrf festo mfgrasti sine moBesro :
anno JWtlleno quater 8t ffi. ter quoq? Beno :
JKiiles Bisrete mellotis Bigne poete :
Het Xpe lete. te seBem scanBere mete :
He was cup-bearer to Richard II. in 1396, comptroller of the
household to Henry IV., and lord of tbe manor of Swindon, North
ants, and of Wimmington. No. 160.
c. 1430. A Knt. and his Lady. St. Mary's, Harlow, Essex.
A small figure of a knt., with his wife on his right hand ; they are
habited as No. 149. The inscr. is gone, but the following, of a date
clearly too late, is added to the board on which the brass is fixed :
Robert JBruncaster [SpmonB?] principal Secretatp to lenrp VM. 1490.
No. 161.
c. 1430 and 1535. Sir John Dyve, Mother, and Wife.
St. Owen's, Bromham, Beds.
Under an elegant triple canopy, having circles filled with tracery
in the ped., are the figures of a knt. between two ladies : the former
is habited in plate armour similar to No. 149, and wears a collar of
SS. The ladies have ornamented horned h. dr., short- waisted gowns,
with full sleeves furred at the wrists, and tippets ; one of them wears
in addition a mantle lined with fur ; both have dogs at their feet with
bell collars. Suspended below each finial of the canopy was a shield ;
that in the centre alone remains, bearing gu. a fesse dancettee betw.
3 escallops erm., Dive. On each side of the knt.'s head are two
shields, I. ar. a fesse and canton conjoined gu., Woodville, imp. a
chev. betw. 3 hears (or dogs) couchant ; II. Woodville imp. on a
chief a fleur-de-lys. Part of a marg. inscr. in raised letters remains
on the left side of the brass, as follows :
IHistus pacificus BfscocBia Bamna ptemebat
Xargitbnisque plus mlseris bona multa fcrebat
^aupibus bfctum nuBis bestem tribuebat
Ecclte cultum bita rebusque fobebat.
The arms of Dyve and the following inscr. have been added at a
subsequent period :
JHflatris ffloniugfs et meBio iacet (lie suavuin mater ffiUjabeth hevcs 3Thome
JUllBe armfgerl fflonfux Isabella heres IRaBulphi lastpngs milit' et hie scpc=
Iitus (lf° Nouembils an° 1535.

BRASSES OF KNIGHTS AND LADIES OF THE 15TH CENTURY. 59
This brass was originally put down to one of the Woodville family,
perhaps to Sir Thomas Woodville and wives, as there are the arms of
that family on each side of the knt.'s head. Lysons (Mag. Brit. Beds.
p. 163,) says, "The family of Dyve did not become possessed of
Bromham until the sixteenth century, by the marriage of Henry,
son and heir of John Dyve of Harlston, in the county of North
ampton, with Elizabeth, daughter and heir of Thomas Wilde of
Bromham. The maternal grandfather of this Henry Dyve married
Elizabeth, sister and heir of Thomas Woodville of Grafton, in the
county of Northampton ; whence one might be led to conjecture that
the brass plates had been brought from that county, and had not
been originally placed at Bromham, with which place the Woodvilles
do not appear to have had any connection."
No. 162.
1431. Edward de la Hale Esquire.
St. John Baptist's, Oakwood, Surrey.
A small and well executed figure armed as No. 149 : over his
gorget he wears a collar of SS : his feet rest upon a lion. On a
scroll from his head, 3hii mercp'
Beneath his feet this inscr., now reversed :
lie iacet ffiBtoarBus Be la lale armfg' Be fflom Surr' Cgui obijt blfj°. Bie
mensis Septembr' anno Biii JWtllo fflfflffiffl». xxxj°. ffiuius anime jpfcietur Beits
ajWffiN.
No. 163.
1433. John Leventhorp Esquire, and Wipe.
St. Michael's, Sawbridgeworth, Herts.
Two fine figures, the size of life ; the knt. habited as No. 149, but
with heart-shaped elbow pieces, and two short tuilles strapped to his
skirt of taces ; he has a collar over his gorget, and his feet rest
upon a greyhound collared. His lady wears the veil head-dress, a
long gown close at the waist and sleeves, over which is a mantle
fastened by a cordon ; at her feet is a little dog with a bell collar.
At the upper corners of the slab are two shields, I. France and
England, quart. ; II. England, with the addition of a label of 3 points,
az., each charged with as many fleurs-de-lys or.
Weever (Fun. Mon., p. 549) gives the following inscr., which
probably belonged to this brass :
lie facet Johannes Xtucnthorp at. qui obijt xxbij mens. JSlaij, Jttffifflffiffi.
xxxiii & Hatherina bx eius, que obijt V. Bie ©ctob. . JW.ffiffiffiffi. xxxj. quotum . . .

60 BRASSES OF KNIGHTS AND LADIES OF THE 15TH CENTURY.
No. 164.
1434. Laurence Fyton Esquire. St. Andrew's, Sunning, Berks.
A figure in plate armour as No. 149, but with heart-shaped
coutes ; his feet rest upon a lion. On a label from his mouth are
these words :
Vluet aia mea Sc IauBabit te : et SuBieia tua aBiuuabut me.
Beneath his feet is this inscr. :
lie facet lautencius ftptoii atmig' quonBam ISalUuus Be Sonnpng. qui obijt
xx£x° Bie mens' Jttarcij anno Orti JBtillo. fflffiffiffl. ixxiiij"- ffiuius ale gifeictur
Beus amen.
At the corners of the slab were four shields, three of which re
main, and bear, ar. on a bend az. 3 garbs or.
No. 165.
1436. Thomas Chaucer Esquire, and Lady.
St. Mary's, Ewelme, Oxon.
On an altar- tomb of grey marble in the S. chantry are the figures
of a knt. and his lady. The former is in complete plate armour,
similar to No. 149, but has oblong pallettes in front of his armpits,
heart-shaped coutes, his gauntlets are not divided into fingers, and
his genoullieres have pointed plates below ; his feet rest upon a uni
corn couchant, his crest (?) The lady is attired as No. 163, and
wears a barbe : at her feet is a lion, double queued, the crest of
Burgherst. At the corners are four shields with the arms of Roet,
gu., 3 wheels, or ; and those of Burgherst, gu. a chief, over all a lion
ramp, double queued, or, single and quart. ; and ar. a bend sa.,
quart, gu. a fret or, Despencer. In panels at the front and sides of
the tomb are twenty-two shields, which have been recently restored
with their proper colours. A chamfer inscr., preserved by Leland,
has also been replaced :
lie iacet ^bon^s fflhaucer atmig' qu°B*m Biis isti' tittle et patronus isti' ecclte
qui obijt xbllj" Bie JWensis nouembvis anno Bni JWillimo fflfflfflffl xxxliij0 et
JtfiatllBls uxor elus que obijt xxblij Bie JWens' ap'ilis %" Biii jfBt° fflfflfflffl"
xxxbj". Thomas Chaucer was the son of Geoffrey Chaucer the poet, by
Philippa, daughter of Sir Payne Roet, and married Maud, dau. and
co-heir of John de Burgherst of Ewelme, by whom he had a dau.
Alice, who married Wm. Delapole, duke of Suffolk, and with him
founded the hospital of Ewelme. For a further account see Gough,
Sep. Mon., vol. ii. pt. 2. pp. 106, 107.

BRASSES OF KNIGHTS AND LADIES OF THE 15TH CENTURY. 61
No. 166.
1438. Richard Dixton Esquire.
St. John Baptist's, Cirencester, Gloucestershire.
A large figure in complete plate armour, which exhibits some im
portant changes. He wears a bascinet and gorget, with ornamented
edges ; his left shoulder is protected by a pauldron fastened by a spike,
and his right by a moton ; his elbow-pieces are heart-shaped ; his
gauntlets have large cuffs, and are not divided into fingers : over his
cuirass is a demi-placcate, to his skirt of taces two large pointed
tuilles are buckled, and his genoullieres have pointed plates below.
Over his sollerets, which rest on a dog, rowell spurs, guarded, are
buckled. A shield on the hilt of his sword bears his arms, sa. a pile
ar., surmounted by a chevr. gu. Over him is a fine single canopy,
with a circle filled with tracery in the ped. ; the pinnacles and two
shields in the spandrils are lost. The marg. inscr. runs thus :
[lie jacet HUcharBus IBixton] armiger qui obijt Bie Sancti Eaurencij [martp=
rls anno Bomini] JWillesimo fflfflffiffi0 xxxbiij° ffiuius anime proplctetut [Be'
amen.] See Rudder's Hist, of Cirencester.
No. 167.
c. 1440. Sir Robert Cheddar?
St. Andrew's, Cheddar, Somerset.
Upon a canopied altar-tomb on the north side of the chancel is a
full length figure, armed similarly to No. 165 ; at his feet is a lion.
No. 168.
1444. William Fynderne Esquire, and Wife.
St. Mary's, Childrey, Berks.
Two large figures under an elegant double canopy. The knt. is
armed similarly to No. 165, but is bare-headed, and wears a tabard,
which is represented by lead, and on which his arms are thrice re
peated, ar. a chevr. betw. 3 crosses pattee fitchee sa., an annulet for
diff. His wife wears the horned, or heart-shaped, head-dress, the
hair being gathered up in an ornamented reticulated caul on each
side of her head, and a veil thrown over it. On her mantle are the
arms of Fitton and  , quart, see No. 146. On her kirtle, with a
tight body and sleeves, are her husband's arms ; at her feet is a lion.
The whole of this figure is of lead, with the exception of the head,

62 BRASSES OF KNIGHTS AND LADIES OF THE 15TH CENTURY.
neck, and hands. On a shield between their shoulders are their arms,
imp. The knt.'s arms remain on a shield over his head ; the corre
sponding one over the lady is lost. From their mouths proceed
scrolls having a common ending, which meets the junction of the two
peds. of the canopy ; the scrolls are inscribed :
', ©rate pro nobis
Beneath their feet is an inscr. in raised letters :
lie iacent iElillius ffpnBeme atmig' Et JBtia Elizabeth Bx el' Et quoBa ox' Bnf
Sobis 3Spng  JStilitis qui qiflcm aiHilliiis obijt xiij0 Bie JUlens' JBlarcij
anno Bni JW0ffiffiffiffl°XE3EE3HI° Et Bca  Elizabeth obijt  Bie
JWens'  a° Biii JJl°ffiffiffiffi°  quor' aiab? giieleturBe 
There is a perfect marg. inscr. as follows ;
»{i armig' eximi' qu°Ba legls cp pit',
Et fiBus mun' subiatet hie positus,
SHilllus Bict' ftpnaetne fuit 8c beneratus,
ffiriminc non bictus consilio q? rams,
Bonis gratuitis ipm natura beauit,
Sots sublimauit bnBiq? fortuftfs,
ffiJuam sponsarat heram claram Bocta q°? bera,
Hcpngeston Elizabeth" hie loc' un' babet,
Cguos thot' aBmislt bn' lapis fste relislt,
ffiranBis marmore' • hijs miserere Beus,
©ssa teglt plana petra. qB' sit q°tiBiana,
lie immm mencio spirituti,
ffirastla Bu perat lux ffiregorlj bRBlcti,
cffiillmi Bicti bita breuis Beerat,
ann' JUHllen' quat' Sc c- pretlere,
Et quater bnBen' tuc subierc fere,
Esiac qui rjpeils peBlbus conscenBfs aB aras,
BunBe p'ces caras. sint socij supfs,
Si quos leserunt bei qB male p'muerut,
assls Xpe tamen pace ftuantur amen.

No. 169.
c. 1445 and 1530. Humphrey Oker Esquire, and Wipe.
All Saints', Okeover, Staffordshire.
A curious palimpsest brass, consisting of an elegant triple canopy,
beneath which are the figures of a knt., his wife and children. The
knt. is attired in plate armour as No. 165, but without gauntlets : his
head is bare and rests upon a helmet, which has for its crest an oak tr

BRASSES OF KNIGHTS AND LADIES OF THE 15TH CENTURY. 63
inscribed ©Ser. On his tabard are his arms thrice repeated, erm. on a
chief gu. 3 bezants ; his feet rest upon two eagles, which stand upon
trunks of oak trees. The lady, upon her husband's right, is habited
as the preceding example ; at her feet are two dogs with bell collars.
Corresponding to this figure, on the left side is a brass plate, appa
rently the reverse of a Priest in a cope ; on the head of this is en
graved a shield, Oker imp. ar. a fesse sa. in chief, 3 lozenges of the
2nd, Aston ; suspended upon an oak tree eradicated, with this inscr. :
the armps of ©iter anB aston.
Beneath are three rows of children : the two uppermost of sons,
in long gowns, open, and furred up the front, and with long false
sleeves ; the lower row, of daughters, in close caps with lappets,
long gowns, girdles, and furred demi-sleeves. Under them are their
names as follows :
^hilpp. Uauf. 3obri, cMUm, Koger. Nicolas, Hobt. ®bomas. gone, clsabetb.
JW'gerc. jjWare. Botorathe.
Beneath the finials of the canopy are three shields; I. Oker imp.
Aston ; II. the same ; III. Oker. The same bearings are repeated
upon three shields below the figures ; one of them is mutilated. The
following is all that remains of a marg. inscr. :
>{< lere bnBer tbps stone ipetb b  ©ber Esqupct Sumtpme EotB of ffiket
anB Sisabell hps bonfe Botogbter of ilobn asto Esqupcr Sc Bame Elsabetb hps
topfe the tohicbe lumf  BecesspB the xxb Bap of aprell the pere of our EorB
 ame.
The tabard, a slight shading upon the knt.'s figure, the children,
shields, and inscr., form the modern alterations, which appear to he
about the date 1530.

No. 170.
c. 1445. A Knight and Lady.
All Saints', Newland, Gloucestershire.
The figures of a knt. with his wife on his right hand. The knt.,
whose legs are gone, is armed as No. 166, but has no demi-placcate ;
his elbow-pieces are larger, he is bare-headed, with a flowing beard,
and his head rests upon a tilting helmet, the vizor of which is raised ;
the lady is attired as No. 154. Upon an oblong plate of brass above
the figures is a helmet with mantling and wreath, having as the crest,
a miner. Part of a marg. inscr. remains.
 anno Bill JUllllo fflfflfflffl' 

64 BRASSES OF KNIGHTS AND LADIES OF THE 15TH CENTURY.
No. 171.
1457. Sir John Harpedon. Westminster Abbey.
A large figure in complete plate armour, almost a precise counter
part of No. 167, his head resting upon a tilting helmet, with his crest,
a hind's head or, issuing from a coronet. Round the figure are four
shields ; I. ar. a mullet of 6 points pierced, sa., charged with a mart
let (gu. ?) Harpeden, imp. quart. 1st and 4th. barry of 6 or and az.
an escotcheon ar., on a chief of the 1st betw. 2 esquires based, 3
pallets of the 2nd, Mortimer; 2nd and 3rd or, a cross, gu., Ulster.
II. Harpeden imp. gu. on a chevr. or, 3 estoiles, sa., Cobham of
Starhorough. III. Harpeden imp. Cobham of Kent, (see No. 151).
IV. Harpeden. This brass was formerly on a grey marble altar-
tomb, beside No. 9 ; both altar-tombs were destroyed in 1772. The
chamfer inscr. is lost. No. 172.
c. 1460. Richard Quartremayns Esquire, and Lady.
St. Mary's, Thame, Oxfordshire.
On a richly panelled altar- tomb in the S. transept, are the figures
of a knt. in plate armour, having his wife at his right hand. He is
bare-headed, has cropped hair, and wears a collar of mail with van-
dycked edge, and a breast-plate ; his left shoulder is protected by a
large ridged pauldron, and the elbow by a plate of extravagant size,
larger than that of the right, and sharply pointed ; the right shoulder
is defended by a moton ; the gauntlets are composed of overlapping
plates not divided into fingers, and have large cuffs ; the taces of the
skirt of plate are curved ; to the last tace are attached two long
tuilles, which, with the cuisses and plates below the genoullieres, are
ridged ; the tuilles, genoullieres, and sollerets, are pointed ; he wears
also a baguette of mail ; a large sword is suspended diagonally in
front of his legs, by a belt passing loosely round the waist. The
lady had the horned h. dr., but the head of the figure is now gone ;
she wears a tight gown with close sleeves, above it another vest
hollowed out at the sides, over all a mantle with a tasselled cordon.
Below the figures in the centre, is a smaller figure of their son armed
precisely similar to his father. Of the shields at the corners of the
slab, one only remains, and still retains a portion of its colouring ; it
bears these arms, barry of 6  , over all a bendlet gu. imp.
quart. 1st and 4th, ar. a fess sa. betw. 4 dexter hands couped at the

BRASSES OF KNIGHTS AND LADIES OF THE 15TH CENTURY. 65
wrists gu., Quatremaine, 2nd and 3rd, 2 talbots pass. There is the
following marg. chamfer inscr. in slightly raised letters :
>|< © eertepfi Beth" that nob) hast ou throb)
UUcbarB eguartremapns Squper anB Sibil his inife that lie here noco full [lotoc]
Sthat truth" rial princes of ffiounsel ferns true anB roise fameB
©o micbarB JBuke of $ork anB aftur torch his Sone ISpng EBtoarB the iiij">
nameB
©hat IbunBiB in the ffibtrcbe of Shame a ffih'unttle ¦ bj . pore men anB a
ftatenipte
Un the SKKorsbijp of Sepnt ffiristofere to be relebiB in jpetupte
[Stbep] that of her almps for ther Soulls a pater noster anB [abe] BcBoutlp
tout Sep.
of bolp ffaBurs is grantiB thep pBon of Bapes fottp altoep
boiche UUcharB anB Sibil oute of the toorlBe passiB in tfje pere of oure Eotfl
a JWffiffiffiffi EX  Vtpori their Soules 3Jbu banc mcrcp amen.

No. 173.
1460. Sir Robert del Bothe and Lady.
St. Bartholomew's, Wilmslow, Cheshire.
In the chancel are the figures of a knt. and his lady ; the former
armed similarly to the preceding : he has a mentoniere instead of a
collar of mail ; his elbow pieces and pauldrons are of equal size, the
latter have each a large ridge, and under that on the right shoulder
is a gusset of mail ; his hands are bare, one of them grasps the hand
of his lady, and the other is placed on his breast ; his feet, which
have rowell spurs, rest on a greyhound. The lady has long flowing
hair, confined by a fillet, and wears a tight-fitting kirtle and a mantle ;
at her feet is a dog. Both figures stand on an embattled base ; above
them was a double canopy, now lost. Two shields remain ; 1st, 3 boars
erect and erased sa., armed or, in chief a garb, Bothe ; 2nd, ar. on a
bend az. 3 garbs or, Fitton. Two others with the arms of Massey
and Thornton are lost. Portions of a marg. inscr. remain.
[lie jaeent corpus IRobertf Bel IBotbe militis quonBam Bni Be IBolpn Stborneton
ct Bunbiti qui obiit in festo see Steele bltglnis anno Bomini millmo fflfflffiffi°li° et
corpus Bulcie ux'is B'ci JELob'ti Bel IBothe que obiit in] ffitastlo See Steele birgnls
anno Domini JWillmo ffiffiffiffi" figuiquagesimo tercio quor' anfmabus- [gilcletur
Beus amen.] See Ormerod's Hist, of Cheshire, vol. iii. p. 811.
The above is the only inscr. remaining in the county, relating to
any of the warriors who fell at the battle of Blore Heath.

66 BRASSES OF KNIGHTS AND LADIES OF THE 15TH CENTURY.
No. 174.
c. 1460. A Knight. St. Michael's, Sawbridgeworth, Herts.
A small figure of a knt. armed as No. 172 ; he has a collar round
his neck, and a talbot at his feet. This brass was formerly inlaid in
the above named Church, but is now in the possession of Sir Sam.
Meyrick. No. 175.
c. 1460. A Knight and his Lady.
St. Mary's, Adderbury, Oxfordshire.
Two fine figures in excellent preservation, having been till lately
covered by a pue in the chancel. The knt. is armed as No. 172 ; his
head rests upon his tilting helmet ; round his neck is a collar ; he has
a gusset of mail under his right arm ; at his feet is a dog. The lady
wears an ornamented horned head-dress and a long high-girt gown,
with close sleeves, fur cuffs, and a tippet ; round her neck is a chain,
to which is attached a cross patonce ; at her feet a little dog with a
bell collar. No. 176.
1462. Wm. Prelatte Esquire, and Wives.
Trinity Chapel, St. John Baptist's, Cirencester, Gloucestershire.
The figures of a knt. between his two wives, all attired as the last
examples. The knt. wears a salade with the vizor up, and has a
demi-placcate. Over their heads were three shields, now gone, which
probably bore his arms, ar. an escallop gu., single, and imp. his wives'.
Beneath the figures is the following inscr., part of which is loose,
having been removed to allow the insertion of a modern inscription
upon a lozenge- shaped piece of marble.
lit sepeliuntur cTOilius prelatte armiger Specialissfm' benefactor hul' ffiapelle
agnes nup bxor 3obann(s JWartpn et 3Jobaiia filia et beres IRtcarBl Be ffiobpnBon
3R[ell]cta Sobannls Sttopnpbo Be ffiapfotBe fn fflomftatu Som's acmigevi bxores
ipius aaillt qui qulBe cHillius prelatte obij[t in] bigilla asceneionis Biiice xxblj"
maij anno Biii JW°ffiffifflffi"lxij° quor' atabj mfclet' Be' a'.
No. 177.
1462. Sir Thomas Grene, and Lady.
St. Bartholomew's, (or St. Laurence's,) Green's Norton, Northants.
The figures of a knt. and his lady, formerly upon an altar-tomb
now demolished. The knt. is armed as No. 172, with these .excep-

BRASSES OF KNIGHTS AND LADIES OF THE 15TH CENTURY. 67
tions ; his hands are bare and he wears a demi-placcate, a lance-rest
screwed on his right breast, a large anelace in front between his legs,
and his sword at his left side ; the legs are engraved with the knees
turned outwards, consequently the tuilles appear to be at the sides
rather than in front of the thighs ; his head rests on a tilting helmet,
from which the crest is gone. The lady is habited as No. 163, and
wears a barbe. Beneath were four children, labelled Thomas,  ,
John, Elizabeth, all of which have disappeared except the last. Of
four shields at the corners, two only remain, 1st, az. 3 bucks trippant
or, Grene, quart, gu. a chevr. betw. 3 cross crosslets, in chief a lion
pass, guard, or, Mablethorp ; 2nd, Grene, imp. vaire or and gu.,
Ferrars. The marg. inscr. runs thus :
»{< lie iacet ©bomas ffirene JUtfles Bns Be Norton et JWatltB' bx' el' qui Bero
©homes fuit fill' Sc heres ©home ffircne JJlillt' Biii Be eaBm' Sc ^htlipp* t»x'is
eius ttlie 3Roberti Biil fierrairs Be ffihartelep Et Elizabeth" bxorls elus ftlie ©home
Biii le Spencer qui quiB iii ©bomas fflrcne pater prefatl ©home ffitene fuit Alius Sc
leres ©home ffirene Jttilltls Bni Be Norton preBca' Sc JWarie bx'is eius fille
Utict Biii ©albot Sc ankerele bxoris eius die Sc bercB' Jlobts Biii Strange Be
ISIafumere qui quiBm p'fatus ©bourns filius p'Bcor' ©home Sc ^Philippe obijt ¦ Ix".
Bie • JWens' • Septcmbtfs • anno • Biii JWiumo • fflffiffiffl:- lxij°. Et p'fata JWatilB'
bna ttltarum 3opis ©brocltmartoii ^rmigert quonBam Subtbesauratij angl' obijt
Bie JBlens' anno • Biii • jWillo . ffiffifflffi" q°t atabus
jaicfetur Beus amen.
No. 178.
1471. Thomas Colte Esquire, and Wife.
St. Peter's, Roydon, Essex.
The figures of a knt. and his lady, attired as No. 172, with collars
of stars round their necks. The knt. has bare hands and a lance-
rest, is without a collar of mail, his pauldrons and coutes are smaller,
and he has rowell spurs. The lady, who is turned sdwys. towards her
husband, wears a wired h. dr. ; at her feet is a little dog. Four shields
remain (?) but are not given in the rubbing; I. ar. a fess betw. 3
colts courant sa., Colt; II. gyrony of 8 az. and erm., Trusbut of
Shingham ; III. in a bordure engr. a fesse betw. 2 chevr., Anley ;
IV. Colt imp. Trusbut; a fifth shield is lost from the bottom of the
slab. The inscr. is in a double column.
Nobilis tile ©bomas ffiolte atmiger hie requiescit,
EBroarBi IRegis consul honorltltcus,
^ruBens ¦ Biscretus . fortis • tarn consllijs q'
armis uix talem quis rcpetlre potest.
Illius sobolti sponse Dnsq? 3)obanne
Stirpls preclare tumba Bat effigiem
JW ffl quater • semel I- x- b. biss Sc *T probus iste
augusti mensis x bis ct E bis'"" obit.

68 BRASSES OF KNIGHTS AND LADIES OF THE 15TH CENTURY.
No. 179.
1479. Thomas Playters Esquire, and Wipe.
St. Margaret's, Sotherley, Suffolk.
The figures of a knt. and his wife, turned sdwys., (see cuts in the
Intr.) The knt. is armed as No. 172, but his pauldrons and elbow
pieces are of smaller dimensions, and of the same size on each arm ;
the former are turned up at the edges; he has also long rowell
spurs. The lady has her hands crossed upon her breast, and wears
the wired h. dr., a necklace, a tight gown low at the neck, short
waisted, with long girdle, and tight sleeves, whose furred cuffs are
not turned back, so that they reach half way up the fingers. Above
on a shield, bendy wavy of 6 ar. and az., Playters, imp. quart. 1st
and 4th ar., a chevr. sa. betw. 3 mullets of 6 points gu. pierced or,
Denys ; 2nd and 3rd vert, a lion ramp, crowned or, Briseworth.
There were two other coats, not given in the rubbing, Playters, single,
and Denys quart. Briseworth. The inscr. is lost, but is preserved
by Weever, Fun. Mon., p. 762.
©rate pro anfmabus©home 'piapfers armigeti, nuper hnius Ecclesie 'Patronf, et
anne bxorfs eius et sotoris et bereBis IRogeri lenaps nuper Be ©aBington armigert,
qui qufBem ©bomas obijt ixi. Bie mensis Septemhris, anno JBl. fflfflfflffl. Ixilx. ct
preBicta anna obijt x. Bie mensis ©ctobtis ex tunc prox. sequent, figuotum anima=
bus propitletur Beus, amen.
No. 180.
1480. Sir Anthony Grey. St. Alban's Abbey, Herts.
A figure of a knt. as the last, and wearing a collar of suns and
roses ; his head rests upon a tilting helmet, on which is his crest, out
of a ducal coronet az. a demi-peacock in pride ppr. ; this is now mu
tilated. Of four shields one only remains, and bears, quart. 1st and
4th barry of 6 ar. and az. in chief 3 torteaux, Grey ; 2nd and 3rd
quart. 1st and 4th or, a maunche, gu., Hastings, 2nd and 3rd barry
of 6 (10 ?) ar. and az. an orle of martlets gu., Valence. In Gough's
time part of the inscr. remained. (See Sep. Mon., vol. ii. pt. iii.
p. 269.)  itnpght son Sc be ire to EBmonB Eric of ISent
 I" pe fourth" hole sustcr to our' sou'ainc laBp pe
 peve of our' EorBe a JW°ffiffiffiffi°lxx.v° Sc of pe kpng
 IBelie on tohose soule C5oB baue mercp amen.
Sir Anthony Grey was the eldest son and heir apparent of
Edmund Lord Grey of Ruthyn, by Catherine, dau. of Henry Percy,

BRASSES OF KNIGHTS AND LADIES OF THE 15TH CENTURY. 69
earl of Northumberland. This Lord Grey was created by Ed. IV.
earl of Kent ; his son, Sir Anthony, married one of the dau. of Rich.
Woodville, Earl Rivers, and fourth sister to Elizabeth, queen of
Ed. IV., and died before his father, A.D. 1480.
No. 181.
1480. Sir Philip Mede, and Wives.
St. Mary's, Redcliffe, Bristol.
On the wall, beneath the canopy of a rich altar-tomb, are the
kneeling figures, in profile, of a knt. between his two wives, all
engraven on an oblong brass plate. The knt. is armed in plate,
with his head and hands bare ; he wears a tabard charged with his
arms, gu. a chevr. erm. betw. 3 trefoils slipped, ar. ; his visored
helmet lies before him. The ladies wear the ped. h. dr., gowns with
tight sleeves and long girdles ; one of them has a mantle with these
arms : 2 (3 ?) lions ramp, double queued ; from her hands, which are
held apart, proceeds a label inscribed,
Pater Be celts Beus miserere nobis.
From her husband on a corresponding one,
Sea titnitas, bn' Be' miserere nobis.
Above the figures is a half-length representation of the Deity
surrounded by rays.
No. 182.
c. 1480. Two Knights and a Lady.
St. Mary's, Grendon, Northants.
The figure of a lady between two knts., who are armed as No. 179 ;
one has round toed, the other pointed sollerets ; their feet rest on
greyhounds. The lady wears a veil h. dr., kirtle, and mantle ; the
inscr. is lost. No. 183.
c. 1480. A Knight. In private possession.
A small figure armed like the preceding examples ; he wears a
demi-placcate, small elbow pieces, and pauldrons, a moton, and
upon his left shoulder a crown: from a short skirt of escalloped
taces depend several tuilles, alternately large and small ; beneath
them is a skirt of mail with vandycked edge ; a very large sword is
suspended at his waist; his feet are protected by overlapping lames
above mail, and rest upon a lion.

70 BRASSES OF KNIGHTS AND LADIES OF THE 15TH CENTURY.
No. 184.
c. 1480. A Knight. St. Margaret's, Sotherley, Suffolk.
A small figure armed as No. 172, but with the pauldrons and
elbow pieces of smaller and equal size ; his sword hangs at his side,
and he has additional tuilles suspended over the sides of his thighs.
This figure is probably that of Robt. Bumpsted, whose inscr. is thus
given in Weever's Fun. Mon., p. 763.
©rate pro anima Uoberti UumpsteB generosi, qui obijt xb. Bie mensis aprilis,
anno Bomini, JW. ffifflffiffi. Ixxxii.
At p. 784, Weever gives the date, April 7, 1479.
No. 185.
1483. Sir Thomas Vaughan.
St. John Baptist's Chapel, Westminster Abbey.
On an altar-tomb is a figure of a knt. in plate armour, his head
and hands bare, the former resting on a helmet surrounded by
mantling, and bearing his crest, a unicorn's head crowned ; he wears
a gorget of mail, small pauldrons and elbow pieces fastened by points,
a demi-placcate, two tuilles attached to a short skirt of taces, and ge
noullieres with pointed plates. The legs of the figure, six scrolls on
either side, and twelve in front of the tomb, two shields, and part of
a chamfer inscr. are lost; the shields bore or, a saltier gu., Vaughan,
quart, a bend engr. betw. 3 fleurs-de-lys. The inscr., which is in
relief, has each word divided by a sun and rose, and was more perfect
a few years back.
 [et ©besaur. ffiamcr. EBtoarBi quarti. at ffiamerara ^rinclpls] et primo=
genitf Bicti regis rcquiescat in pace amen. No. 186.
c. 1485. A Knight and Lady. St. Mary's, Latton, Essex.
The figures of a knt. and his lady, the latter turned towards her
husband, who is armed as No. 179, with his feet resting on a grey
hound. The lady wears the ped. h. dr., and in other respects is attired
as No. 179 ; over her is a shield bearing (vert ?) a lion ramp, (or ?
Arderne ?), imp. paly of 6 or and gu. (az. ?), on a chief ar. 3 lozenges of
the 2nd, the centre one charged with a chess-rook of the first, Ar
derne. Two other shields bore the above arms singly. The inscr.
(and figures of three sons and a dau. ?) are lost. This may be the
brass of John Bohun and Anne his wife, dau. of Sir Peter Arderne.
See Gough, Sep. Mon., vol. ii. p. 217.

BRASSES OF KNIGHTS AND LADIES OF THE 15TH CENTURY. 71
No. 187.
1487. Walter Mauntell Esquire, and Wife.
SS. Peter and Paul, Nether Heyford, Northants.
Upon an altar-tomb are the large figures of a knt. and lady turned
sdwys., their right hands joined, their left placed upon their breasts-
The knt. is armed as No. 183, but with pauldrons, having turned-up
edges, vandycked gussets of mail at the insteps, and sabbatons ; he
has a sword at his left side, and a dagger at his right. The lady
wears a furred ped. h. dr. with long lappets, a long gown low at the
neck and tight at the waists and sleeves, with furred cuffs, and a long
girdle. Four shields remain, I. ar. a cross engr. betw. 4 martlets
sa., Mauntell ; II. a maunche ; III. a stag's head cabossed ; IV. on a
bend 4 lozenges. Another shield is lost from between the heads of
the figures ; it bore Mauntell quart. IV., imp. a chevr. between 3
inkhorns, Abbot. The marg. inscr. is as follows :
4< ©rate pro animabus iffiatreri JBlauntell Jglllitis et Elizabeth bxoris eius
bni' filiar' Sc hereB' Jobis abbot amigerf. qui quiBem cKalterus felicit' obijt
xiij Bie mensis Sunij anno Biii JWilUmo ffiffiffiffi Ixxxbij quor' aiabus mid . . .
No. 188.
1490. Thomas Andrewe, Gent., and Wife.
Holy Trinity Church, Charwelton, Northants.
The figures of a knt. and his wife turned towards him ; the knt. is
armed as the preceding examples, his head is bare, and rests upon a
tilting helmet, he wears a collar, pointed pauldrons, a skirt of mail
with vandycked edge, two tuilles and large genoullieres ; his feet rest
upon two small greyhounds. The lady is habited as No. 179, and
has her gown gathered up under her left arm. Above is a shield
bearing gu. a saltier or, surmounted of another vert, differenced by
a crescent, Andrewe ; over this is an esquire's helmet with mantling,
a crest, a moor's head in profile ppr. The inscr. is in two lines.
I>anc homo te pctram precib? precor aspice sacris
p tale" metam ptuis reBBamur ab attis
^jlrfnceps cclestis prece tactus cntholicor'
letfs nos testis agios coiunge poioi ' ame.
Beneath this, under a row of small canopies of different sizes and
designs, are the figures of four sons and seven dau., the latter wear
ing wired h. dr. There is a marg. inscr. which has had four shields

72 BRASSES OF KNIGHTS AND LADIES OF THE 15TH CENTURY.
at the corners, one of which alone remains, and bears Andrewe imp.
quart. 1st and 4th  2nd and 3rd paly of six. The inscr. runs
thus :
Sub lEsto laplBe marmoreo iacet Emma anBretoe bxor ©home anBretoe 3unt=
oris flienerosi bna filter' UUcarBi .... tlep armig'i qui obijt bnBecimo Bie mes'
aprilis anno Biii mill'mo fflfflfflffl0 nonagesimo cui' ale rpicietuc Beus amen.

No. 189.
c. 1490. John Coke Esquire, and Wife.
St. Mary's, Goring, Sussex.
On the floor of the chancel are two figures attired like No. 187,
but the knt. has bare hands, and the lady a necklace, and her cuffs
are turned over her fingers ; she has also no girdle ; on a label from
her mouth : Splritus sancte Be' miserere nobis.
This brass appears to have been inlaid on an altar-tomb, with this
inscr. :
ffif pour cbarltie prap for the soules of 3lobn fflofee Sc Emme his topfe on tohose
soulcs 3'su babe mercp. See Dallaway's Hist, of Sussex, vol. ii. pt. i. p. 42.
No. 190.
c. 1490. William Berdewell Esquire, and Wife.
All Saints', West Harling, Norfolk.
Small figures, the knt. with long flowing hair, and bare hands,
and his demi-placcate buckled on his breast-plate ; he has a spear-
rest, and large tuilles over a short skirt of mail with a vandycked
edge ; his sollerets pointed. His wife wears a close furred head
dress with lappets, a necklace, and a long gown low at the neck,
with a furred flounce, or furbelow, at the bottom ; tight sleeves,
furred cuffs, and a girdle having a long and tasselled chain hanging
in front. From the mouths of the figures are labels inscribed :
Ibit fill Bault miserere mei  Sea Bel genltrlx ota p me
Beneath is this inscr. :
©ratepaiab? Sfttlli 38eiBctocll armlg' et Elizabeth bxoris el' bni' filter' EB=
munBl cKtpcbpnghm. et p quibus tenentur quor' aiab? jaiciet' Be'.
Between the figures is (?) a shield with these arms, ar. a goat
salient, gu. armed or, Berdewell.

BRASSES OF KNIGHTS AND LADIES OF THE lOTH CENTURY. 73
No. 191.
1491. Sir John Towchet. St. James's, Shere, Surrey,
On the floor of the chancel is the upper part of a knt. with flow
ing hair, his head bare and resting upon a helmet. He is in plate
armour, with a skirt of mail under his taces, from which tuilles
depend at the front and sides : he has also a mail gorget, and the
same armour is visible under the armpits ; a jewelled cross is sus
pended round his neck : the legs of the figure rested upon a grey
hound, but are now lost. This brass was formerly on an altar-tomb
of marble, which was levelled to the ground about the year 1747.
Portion of a marg. inscr. in relief remained not long since, as follows :
. . . . blr Bominus Sobannes ©otorhet quonBam BKs Be atoBelep qui obijt bice=
simo Bie mens  See Gough, Sep. Mon., vol. ii. p. 372.
Lord Audley was made treasurer of Rich. III.'s Exchequer, and
died Sept. 20, 1491.
No. 192.
1498. Thomas Knaresburght Esquire, and Wife.
All Saints', Floore, Northants.
Small figures turned sdwys. The knt. is bare-headed, and has long
hair ; he wears a collar of mail, a cuirass with pauldrons, composed
of two overlapping plates, and turned up at the edges, brassarts,
small coutes, vambraces ; his hands bare. He has a short skirt of
curved taces, with two tuilles in front and two at the sides dependent
from it, and underneath, a skirt of mail. He has also cuisses, small
genoullieres, jambs, and round toed sollerets, rowell spurs screwed
into the heels, and gussets of mail at the insteps, which are scarcely
perceptible in so small a brass. A sword is suspended at his left side
by a diagonal belt buckled in front of the thighs. The lady is habited
like No. 187, but her cuffs are turned back over her hands, and her
girdle is ornamented with a running pattern.
©rate p afab? ©home Unaresburcrbt armigeri Sc acmet' bxotfs ci' q1 qtiiBcm
©bomas obijt laarBls palmar' a° Biii JW° fflfflfflffl . E • Sc p'Bicta agnes que bie
facet obijt xxbj0 Bie marelj a° Biii JW fflfflfflffl Ixxxxbiij0 quor' atab? aiclet'Be'
amen. N.B. The brasses subsequently described as being similar to this
knt., have anelaces at their right sides, and if the figures are those
of a man and his wife, they are turned sdwys. towards each other.

74 BRASSES OF KNIGHTS AND LADIES OF THE 15TH CENTURY.
No. 193.
c. 1500. Thomas Gray Esquire, and Wife.
All Saints', Cople, Beds.
Small figures ; the knt. armed like the preceding example ; his
wife wearing a ped. h. dr. with long lappets, a gown with tight
sleeves and furred cuffs, secured by an ornamented girdle buckled in
front. The inscr. is in double columns.
What tan mpght potot' ot auncpet blooBe abapH :
©r els rpcbes that men cotonte felicite :
iBtbat can tbep pelpe ferfull Bethe to assapll :
fflertes notbpnge. anB tbat is pbpB bp me :
©hat baB thos giftfs rebersiB to4 all plente :
Weutbelesse pit am HE lepB lotoe in clap :
©hat tobplom toas squper' calliB tbo's gep :
38enet mp topfe eke is fro this tootlB past :
pit toe trust to be baB fn memorp :
as longe as the parpsbe of fflooplc shall last :
fibr our' benefitfs Bon to ft largelp :
as tolttnesse xxt! potonB' to4 other gif tis manp :
iHtberfor' all ctlsten men that goo bp this toap :
^tj for pe soulls of ISenet anB ©bo's grap :
The last line is partially erased. Below are four sons and nine
dau. Also two shields, bearing, 1. a fleur-de-lys; and 2. Grey.
(See No. 180.) No. 194.
c. 1500. A Knight. St. Mary's, Waterpery, Oxon.
A small figure, armed similarly to No. 192. The lower part of
the legs, together with the figures of the wife, eight boys, and nine
girls, are lost, and what is left is partly covered by a pue.
No. 195.
1500. John Tame Esquire, and Wife.
St. Mary's, Fairford, Gloucestershire.
The figures are on an altar-tomb on the north side of the chancel.
The knt. is armed as No. 192, but with a gusset of mail under his
right shoulder : he has also a demi-placcate and a spear-rest. The
lady is habited like No. 193. Beneath their feet is this inscr. in
raised letters :
- (for 3hus loue pvap for me ; I map not pvap notoe prap pe
tolib a paicr nostcr Sc an aue : ©hat mp papnps HUlesspB map be.

BRASSES OF KNIGHTS AND LADLES OF THE 16TH CENTURY. 75
On four shields are these arms : I. ar. a dragon nat. a lion az.
crowned gu. combatant, Tame : imp. a chevr. betw. 3 Muscovy
ducks (?) ; II. the lady's arms, single ; III. Tame ; IV. as I.
There is the following chamfer legend :
?J« ©rate pro animabus Sobis ©ame aimigctl et allele bxoris eius qui quiBem
Dohes obiit octauo Bie mensis JSlaij anno Bni JBUllesimo quingentesimo et anno
HUgnt HUgfs benrfct Septf sextoBecimo et preBicta alicia obiit blcessimo Bie JBIen=
sis Becemhris anno Bomini JStilliino ffiffiffiffi Seputagcstmo ptimo quorum aia=
bus propicietur Be' flbr ihils lobe prap for me I map not prap noto prap pe.
John Tame was the founder of the church of Fairford. For a
further account of this brass see C. C. Society's Illust. of Mon.
Brasses, No. IV. p. 115.
No. 196.
1501. Robert Baynard Esquire, and Wife.
St. Cyriac's, Laycock, Wilts.
The figures of a knt. and lady : the former is armed as No. 192,
and wears a tabard charged with these arms, quart. 1st and 4th, an
eagle with two heads, displayed ; 2nd and 3rd, sa. a fess betw. 2
chevrons or, Baynard. The same arms are on two shields at the
dexter corners of the slab. His wife is habited as No. 193, and
wears a mantle hearing Baynard quart, a chevr. betw. 3 dog's (?)
heads erased. The like arms are on shields at the sinister comers.
The knt.'s feet rest on two dogs.
5»lc facet Uobertus ISapnarB armiger fair Egrcgius et Icgis peritus in armis 6*1=
licis multti strennuus Bapifcr pretipuus int' primos pacis ros'uator Biligcntissimus
fexore hens Elizabeth Beuotissima cu totiBem filijs et filtab? suberraf qui obijt xxbj
Bie augusti a° Biii JWffiffiffiffiffi" ptimo €§uor' animab? pplciet' Beus amen.
Beneath are thirteen boys, the second a priest, and five girls.
No. 197.
1 503. Roger Wake Esquire, and Wife.
St. John Baptist's, Blisworth, Northants.
At the east end of the S. A., on an altar-tomb, are the figures
of a knt. and his wife; the former armed like No. 192, but with a
gusset of mail under the right shoulder ; the lady attired as No. 1 93.
Beneath, are seven sons in long gowns, with hanging sleeves ; and
three dau. with flowing hair, and gowns with furred cuffs. At the
corners are shields, two of which hear these arms, or, 2 bars gu. in
chief 3 torteaux, Wake ; the other two bear, Wake imp. ar. 2 lions

76 BRASSES OF KNIGHTS AND LADIES OF THE 16TH CENTURY.
pass, guard, sa., crowned or, Catesby. From the figures proceeded
two scrolls to a representation of the Holy Trinity placed above, all
which are now lost. The marg. inscr. is as follows :
lere IpetbHoger cHJake Esquper lorBe of IBlpstoortbe in the counte of N 
his  e tobicb TRogcr BecesspB the xbj Bap oi JWarehe the pete of oute lorB
JBl'ffiffifflfflffitij on tohose soule chit haue m'cp.
No. 198.
1505. Sir Humphrey Stanley.
St. Nicholas's Chapel, Westminster Abbey.
The figure of a knt., armed as No. 192 : under his right shoulder
is a gusset of mail, his left pauldron has a projecting upper edge,
and his skirt of mail is divided in front. Over his head is a shield
with these arms, quart. I. quart. 1st and 4th ar. on a bend az. 3
bucks' heads cabossed, or, Stanley ; 2nd and 3rd, or, on a chief in
dented az, 3 plates, Lathom; II. or, a chevr. gu. betw. 3 mart
lets sa., Stafford of Pipe; III. az. crusilly, 2 pipes chevronwise,
or, Pipe of Pipe ; IV. az. 3 lions pass, ar., Camville of Clifton,
quite defaced. At the upper corners of the slab are two shields
bearing, Stanley quart. Lathom ; and Stafford of Pipe single. Two
shields, probably with the arms of Pipe and Camville, have been
reaved from the lower corners.
I|tc facet bumftlBus Stanlep miles pro corpotc excellentlssim princlpfs henricl bij
3Regls anglie qui obijt xxij Bie marcii anno Biii millimo qutgentissimo quite cui' ale
Ipicictur Beus amen.
No. 199.
1505. John Harewell Esquire, and Wife.
St. Mary's, Wooton Wawen, Warwickshire.
On an altar-tomb are inlaid the figures of a knt. and his wife : the
former is armed as No. 192, but his. skirt of taces, (Camboys ?) is com
posed of oblong plates placed horizontally, from which depend two
small tuilles at the sides and one in front. He has no anelace or gus
sets of mail at the insteps. The lady wears a ped. h. dr. with orna
mented lappets ; a long gown cut square at the neck, with loose
sleeves and furred cuffs ; and an ornamented girdle with a long
chain dependent from a rosette, and a pomander box (?) at the end
of it. Beneath this dress is another gown, fastened with buttons,
and puckered at the neck : its sleeves are close, and longitudinally
striped, and at the wrists are small frills. Below the figures are five

BRASSES OF KNIGHTS AND LADIES OF THE 16TH CENTURY. 77
sons and five dau. These arms are at the corners : I. ar. on a fesse
nebulee sa. 3 hares' heads couped or, Harewell. — II. quart. I. quart.
1st, Grey, 2nd, Hastings quart. Valence (see No. 180), 3rd a rose,
4th as first; II. on a bend 3 griffins' (?) heads erased; III. on a
chevr. betw. 3 lions' heads erased, crowned, 3 roundles; IV. as I.:
imp. quart, gu. and or, a cross patise on the dexter quarter, ar. Mid
dleton. — III. Harewell imp. per fesse, 3 birds in chief. — IV. Baron
imp. betw. his wives ; the first crussuly 3 lucies or pikes hauriant,
Lucy?; on the dexter side, Middleton; on the sinister, quart., 1st
and 4th, a fess betw. 3 fleurs-de-lys ; 2nd and 3rd, a lion ramp.
crowned. The second shield appears to be inaccurately engraved.
The marg. inscr. is as follows :
We facet Sofies ijaretoell armfgr' Sc Bite anna quonBam uxor eius ac nuper bxor
QBtoarBi fflrep militis qui qulBnx lobes obfjt x° Bie aprilis anno Biil JW° VV.
Et que qutBm anna obijt  Bie  . a° Bni JW0 bc  quor' atabs
jpiefet' Beus.

No. 200.
1508. William Berdewell Esquire, and Wife.
All Saints', West Harling, Norfolk.
Small figures, not turned sdwys. The knt. armed as No. 192, hut
without tuilles over the mail skirt, which has a vandycked edge ; his
sword is suspended in front of his legs, and there are large plates
above his genoullieres; the lady, attired as No. 193, has a rosary
and pouch suspended at her left side.
©rate p alab? TOllml ISerBctoell armigt' Isti' ecclie patronl Sc margatete bx' sue
q1 obletut t bna ebBomaBa mes' tenuarij a0 Biil JW ffiffifflfflffl" bif j°.

No. 201.
1510. John Lementhorp Esquire.
Great St. Helen's, Bishopgate Street, London.
A figure armed as No. 192 : he has a spear-rest, and his head
reclines on a helmet, with a man's head as the crest ; at his feet is a
greyhound; The last clause of the inscr. is nearly effaced.
hfe facet 3lohes leenthorp armig' nup bnus quatuor bostiarior' camere Biii reg'
bericf sepifmi quf obfjt bj Bfe augusti a° Biii ¦ ml b° x cui' ale jpicietur Beus ante.
A cut of this brass is given in the Introduction.

78 BRASSES OF KNIGHTS AND LADIES OF THE ] 6TH CENTURY.
No. 202.
1511. Richard Gyll Esquire.
St. John Baptist's, Shottesbrooke, Berks.
The figure of a knt. like No. 192, but with the skirt of mail
divided in front.
1§ere Ipeth the boBp of UicbarB ffipll squper late scrgeaiit of the ISakehous to*
fepng l|emp the bij anB also toptb fcpng benr' the btij anB baplp of the bij bunBrcB'
of fflofeam anB IBrap the tohicbe HUcbarB BceeesseB pe bij Bap of august the perc oi
our lorB goB JKl° bc xj 5 torjose soule ilhii baue m'cp.
No. 203.
1513. John Acworth Esquire, and Wives.
St. Mary's, Luton, Beds.
The figures of a knt. and his two wives, one on each side. He is
armed as No. 192, but has a gusset of mail under his right shoulder,
and a divided skirt of mail ; beneath his head is a tilting helmet, with
this crest, a hand issuing from a coronet, and grasping a serpent :
beneath the crest is a cointisse. The ladies are dressed like No. 193 ;
the lappets of their h. dr. are ornamented.
prap for the soules of iobri actootth Squper Sc alps Sc amp his topfes tohicbe
3oh?i BecesseB the xbij Bap of marche the per' of or lorB m' b'xiij on tohose soules
tt)ti haue m'cp.
Beneath are eight sons and nine dau. At the sinister corners
remain two shields with these arms : 1. quart. 1st and 4th, erm. on a
chief indented gu. 3 coronets or, Acworth ; 2nd and 3rd, 3 roses :
2. (ar.) a griffin segreant per fesse ( — and az.) armed or, Acworth. ?
The two lost shields bore the same as the former of the foregoing.
The following verses are on a marg. inscr. :
[© man toboe'er] tboto be : ©imor mortis sbulBc trotoble t^e :
for toben tboto lees[t toenpst] beniet te mors superare :
anB so [thp] grabe grebps : ergo mortis memorare :
[3J'bu : mercp : laBp belpe ; _plcrcp Ihu]
See Nichols's Coll. Topograph. Beds., Luton, p. 49.
No. 204.
1514. Thomas Brewse Esquire, and Wife.
All Saints', Little Glenham, Suffolk.
A large brass of a knt. and his lady, the former armed like
No. 1 92, but with one tuille only attached to the front of the taces ;

BRASSES OF KNIGHTS AND LADIES OF THE 16TH CENTURY. 79
the lady attired like No. 199. Beneath them are two sons and three
dau. Above is a double canopy groined, and quite perfect ; in circles
in the ped. are the faces of our Lord and the B. V. Mary. There
are four shields on the slab ; I. quart. 1st and 4th, az., crusilly a lion
ramp, crowned or, Brewse ; 2nd and 3rd, a bend betw. 2 crescents,
imp. quart. ; 1st and 4th, a bend, a crescent for diff. ; 2nd and 3rd,
a saltier engr. II. Brewse imp. a lion ramp. III. Brewse imp.
quart. 1st and 4th, on a bend 3 eagles (?), 2nd and 3rd, abend betw.
2 crescents. There is a broad marg. inscr. as follows :
 IBretose Esquper sumtpme lorB of this maner'anB patron of this churcbe
anB Sane his topf the tohicbe ©bomas BecesseB the bj Bap of Nouembre the pete of
out lorB goB m' bc xiiij Sc the se . . . .

No. 205.
1516. Thomas Knyghtley Esquire.
St. Mary's, Fawsley, Northants.
A small figure armed as No. 192, but with divided skirt of mail,
and wearing a tabard charged with his arms, quart. 1st and 4th, paly
of 6 or and gu., Knightley ; 2nd and 3rd, erm. within a bordure az.
The same arms are on four shields at the corners of the slab. His
head rests on a tilting helm, with his crest, a buck's head ar. attired
or, upon it. Above is a heart, with three scrolls issuing from it,
inscribed : fflreBo quoB reBemptor meus biuit
Et t nouissimo Bie Be terra surrccrurus sum
Ei i came mea biBebo Beu salbatore men.
Beneath the figure is this inscr., with the first words erased :
©rate p ate ©home Itnpgbtlep armig't secunal filij laict Knpghtlep militfs pi
quiBem ©bomas nuptus fuit Dohane burnebp filfe Sc %eiiai ©home burnebp arm(=
B'f qui obfjt sine exitu xbtij° Bie octobris anno Bni J$l°ffiffiffiffiffi°xbj°.

No. 206.
1516. John Baynton Esquire.
St. Nicholas's, Bromham, Wilts.
A figure armed like No. 192; the left pauldron with high pro
jecting edge ; the coutes and genoullieres have the fastenings orna
mented with rosettes. At the corners are four shields; I. quart. 1st,
sa. a bend lozengy ar., Baynton ; 2nd, two lions pass. ; 3rd, 3 dol-

80 BRASSES OF KNIGHTS AND LADIES OF THE 16TH CENTURY.
phins naiant ; 4th as 1st. II. the same imp. a cross erm. III. as
II. IV. as I. There is a marg. inscr. as follows :
?J< ©rate pro aia Sohts IBapnton atmlgerl filfj et bereB' IRobertf IBapnton mflf=
tfs ffionsangulnlj et bereB' J&icarBi IBeaucbamp Bomino Be sco amanBo qui obijt
bltimo Bie mensis ©ctobris anno Biii millmo bc xbj° cuius ate propicietur. Beus
ajttEN. No. 207.
1520. Sir Thomas Isley and Lady. Sundridge, Kent.
The figures of a knt. and his lady : the former is armed like
No. 192, but the upper edge of his right pauldron is curved down
wards ; his cuirass is somewhat globular, and has a skirt of lamboys ?
with a small tuille attached to the front. The lady is habited as
No. 193. Beneath are the figures of ten sons and three dau. The
inscr. is lost, and also four shields, three of which remained in Hasted's
time, (Hist, of Kent, 1797, vol. iii. p. 143.) Their bearings are
given by Thorpe, (Registr. Roff., p. 967). II. quart. 1st and 4th,
Isley, see No. 157 ; 2nd and 3rd, erm. a bend gu. imp. quart. ; 1st
and 4th, or, a saltier betw. 4 martlets sa., Guldeford; 2nd and 3rd,
a bend ingr. anda chief. III. as II. IV. Isley, quart, as before.
Sir Thomas Isley married Elizabeth dau. of Sir Rich. Guldeford, and
died A.D. 1520. No. 208.
1521. John Colt Esquire, and Wives.
St. Peter's, Roydon, Essex.
The figures of a knt. and his two wives; the former armed as
No. 192, but his skirt of mail divided, and no gussets of mail at
the insteps. His head rests on a tilting helmet, with a colt for the
crest, and he wears a tabard charged with his arms, (see No. 178.)
Round his neck is a triple chain with a cross patee attached to it.
The ladies wear ped. h. dr., gowns with tight sleeves furred at the
wrists, ornamented girdles, with tasselled chains dependent from three
roses. Over all is a mantle charged with their respective arms;
those of the first wife, ar. on a fesse dancettie sa. betw. 3 Cornish
choughs ppr. 6 bezants (?), Elrington ; those of the second, gu. a
fesse betw. 2 chevr. or, Anby or Andelby. On scrolls from their
mouths, and on one over their husband's head, is inscribed :
©u nos ab boste p'tege  JWarte iiir gie mr mte (i. e. Maria mater gra-
tiae mater misericordiae)  Et In bora mort' SUSCfpe [nos]
Beneath the figures are two groups of children, four sons and

BRASSES OF KNIGHTS AND LADIES OF THE 16TH CENTURY. 81
eight dau., and three sons and three dau. One shield only remains
with the arms of Colt imp. Andelby. There is the following marg.
inscr. with Evang. symb. ; that of St. John is lost.
?J< 1§ic iacet strenuus bit 3lobnes fflolt armfger filius ©home ffiolt armfgeri
Elizabeth filte Sobnis ElBtlngton mllitis et JUtarte filte lohiiis anbe militis bx'
el' 4§ul quiBem Kobnes ffiolt 

No. 209.
1524. Philip Chatwyn.
St. Lawrence's, Alvechurch, Worcestershire.
A figure turned sdwys., and armed like No. 192, but with a gusset
of mail at the left armpit, and a demi-placcate. The fastenings of the
coutes and genoullieres are ornamented with rosettes. At his feet
lie gauntlets.
©ff poure cbarite prap for the soule of pbilfp fflfiattopn gent' bshet to Htpng
1|enrp the blij'h tobich BecesslB the xxbjth Bap of September an0 Biii JBl'b'xxfiif"
on toho' soule thu baue m'cf.
At the corners are these arms on four shields. I. az. a chevr.
betw. 3 mullets pierced, or, Chatwyn. II. quart., 1st, Chatwyn, 2nd,
defaced, 3rd, 3 piles (?), 4th, defaced; imp. quart., 1st and 4th, 3
roses, 2nd and 3rd, a fess betw. 3 lions ramp. III. same as sinister
side of the last. IV. same as dexter side of II.
No. 210.
1527. Walter Curson Esquire, and Wife.
St. Mary's, Waterpery, Oxon.
The large figures of a knt. and his wife, not turned sdwys. (See
cut in the Introduction.) Both are palimpsest, a brass of the date
c. 1440 — 50 having been altered to suit the style of dress worn
about the year 1527. In the knt.'s figure a new head and shoulders
have been added, representing him bareheaded, and having a collar
of mail with a vandycked edge : also with pass-guards on the paul
drons, which last have been engraved over the shield-like palettes of
the original figure. The skirt of taces has been altered to chain
mail, with two tuilles over it : three demi-placcates have been added
over the breast-plate, and gussets of mail at the insteps. The pointed
sollerets have been made round-toed, and the edges of the different
pieces of armour invecked and shaded. In the lady's figure, the
upper half is a fresh plate, (or the old one reversed ) : the lower half

82 BRASSES OF KNIGHTS AND LADIES OF THE 16TH CENTURY.
shews the engraving of the original brass, altered by the addition of
shading : the dress is similar to No. 199. At her feet is a little dog,
with a bell-collar : the feet of her husband rest upon a lion. The
engraving of both the animals is characteristic of earher brasses.
Beneath are the figures of eight sons : those of seven dau. are lost.
At the corners are these arms on four shields. I. quart., 1st, ar. on
a bend sa. 3 martlets or, Curson ; 2nd, on a fesse, 3 horses' heads
couped ; 3rd, paly of six on a chevron, a cross-crosslet ; 4th, per
chevron, 3 birds' heads erased. II. the foregoing imp. per chev
ron ar. and sa., 3 elephants' heads erased counter-changed, Saun
ders. III. same as the last. IV. Saunders.
Surrounding the whole is a marg. inscr., having each word divided
by a scull and cross-bones alternately :
>J< Scimus enfm q' rcBemptor noster bluit et fn nouissimo Bie Be terra surrecturf
sumus et rursum cfreumBabuntur pelle  nostra bfBebfmus Beum
 bisuri sumus nos fpsl et occull  et non allij
HUposita est bee spcs nostra fn sinu nostra. <Bt. ffi.
It is probable that the whole of this brass legend is engraved on
the reverse side, as the portion inscribed ' bisuri sumus' is loose, and
exhibits on the back ' [a]ugusti mense Utam'
Beneath the figures was an inscr., probably similar to that remain
ing under the kneeling figures of Walter Curson and family, in a
painted glass window in the S. A.
Prap pee for the soule of Matter fflurson anB Isabel h»s toife toboose gooBps
as toell the roofe of this fflburcb anB the roof of this EorBps 3le anB the eobering
of leeB oi all the same, as also this toinBoto lucre matte, tohose boBps rest in the
augustin JFreers fflhurcb pn ffixforB, tobich SKalterBieB the bfjth Bap of aprplc pn
the pear of our EorB ffioB JTO fflfflfflffl® xxbfj on tohose Sec.
This brass was originally in the chapel of the Augustine Friars at
Oxford, to which body Walter Curson appears to have been a consi
derable benefactor. Upon the dissolution of the fraternity the figures
were removed to Waterpery. For further information, see " Guide
to the Arch. Ant. in the neighbourhood of Oxford," part iii. p. 252 ;
and the " Proceedings of the Society, Easter and Act Terms, 1845."

No. 211.
1531. John Horsey Esquire, and Wife.
St. Andrew's, Yetminster, Dorset.
Large figures of a knt. and lady, the former armed like No. 192 ;
but his right pauldron is larger than the left, which is unusual : upon
both of them are pass- guards ; his coutes, genoullieres, and anelace

BRASSES OF KNIGHTS AND LADIES OF THE 16TH CENTURY. 83
are of large size, and his cuirass is richly chased with scroll-work.
The lady wears a ped. h. dr., a long gown puckered at the neck,
tight sleeves, furred cuffs, and an ornamented girdle with a pastille
dependent from three rosettes ; over all, a mantle. Down the sides
of the slab were ten scrolls inscribed, five with 3)esu • mercp, and five
faBp ¦ fielpe; two of these are now lost. Two shields remain with
these arms; 1. quart. 1st and 4th, az. 3 horses' heads, couped, or,
bridled gu., Horsey ; 2nd and 3rd, a saltier ; 2. the same imp. az. a
chev. betw. 3 cross-crosslets fitchee, within a bordure engr. or,
Turgis. ©f por cbarptc prap for pe soules of John 1§orsep epsquper for pe boBp to our
sou'aicme lorB 3Kpng benrp pe bifj anB stitpme lorB of ffllpfton in pe ffloumieof Bors=
sett anB Elizabeth his topfe sometime laBp of ©urges Jttelcombe in the seiB ffloun=
tie spstec anB hepte of IRobert ©urges Esquper sone anB hefrc of UicharB ©urges
Esquper sutpme lorB of pe seiB ©urges JMeleombe tohicbe 3tobnBeptiB p= bilj Bap
of 3mlp pe oet> 0f 0r jorrJ jjit be xxxj Sc Elizabeth BeptiB pe  Bap
oi  pe pet' oi or lotB goB JW' Vc  on tohose soules 3bu haue
mercp amen.
This brass is now lying loose at the Rector's house at East Chel-
bro' ; it is to be hoped that it will speedily be relaid.

No. 212.
1538. Sir Thomas Bullen. St. Peter's, Hever, Kent.
A large figure, armed as the preceding examples, having on his
head a jewelled coronet, and wearing the insignia of the order of the
Garter; viz., the surcoat reaching to the knees, over it the mantle
falling to the heels, and fastened in front by a tasselled cordon ; on
the left breast is the star, consisting of the red cross of St. George
in a shield (the rays omitted), surrounded by the blue garter, in
scribed hony soyt ¦ qvi . mal ¦ y • pense : the garter is also
buckled below the left knee. Over his right shoulder is the hood,
and round his neck is the collar of garters, each of them surround
ing a red rose. Beneath his head is his tilting helmet, with the
assumed crest of Ormond, a demi-falcon volant ar., issuing from a
mound vert. His feet rest upon a male griffin. This figure of the
father of Anna Boleyn is peculiar in having its inscr. in Rom. letters,
and being much shaded.
Here • lietb . S' . thomas . bvllen _ Knight , or . the , order of . the
garter Erle . or • wilscher . and . Erle . of . Ormvnde , wiche . decessed ¦
THE 12 DAI . OF . MARCHE • IN • THE • IERE OF • OVR • LORDE ¦ 1538.

84 BRASSES OF KNIGHTS AND LADIES OF THE 16TH CENTURY.

No. 213.
1541. Thomas Andrewes Esquire, and Wife.
Holy Trinity Church, Charwelton, Northants.
A figure of a knt. much like No. 192, but his skirt of mail is
divided. His wife, turned sdwys. towards him, is habited as No. 211,
but the ends of the lappets of her h. dr. are turned up, and she
wears a cape fastened by a brooch. Her upper gown is open up the
skirt, and secured by a sash, which is tied in front, and has an orna
ment suspended from it. Above and below the knt. are two shields
bearing his arms (see No. 188.)
Sub fsto marmore 3acet ©bomas anBretoes armfg' et agnes bxor eius : qui qni=
Bern ©bomas obijt secunBo Bie mensis Sulij anno Biii jfflfHestmo eguingentestmo
quaBragcsimo primo quor' atab? rjntiet' Be'.
The figure of the knt. appears to have been engraved several years
before the above date.

No. 214.
1545. Thomas Clere Esquire. St. Mary's, Lambeth, Surrey.
The figure of a knt., armed as No. 192 : he has pass-guards in
addition, but no gorget of mail ; his pauldrons are composed of three
overlapping plates, and nearly meet across the breast-plate, which is
of a somewhat globular shape, and defended by a small demi-plac
cate. Above is a shield with the arms of Clere, ar. on a fesse az., 3
eagles displayed or, quart, ar., a cross moline gu., Owydale or Dove-
dale. There was formerly a tablet over the figure, with this inscr. :
ffipitapblum ©boma fflltre qui fato functus est 1545, auctote Henrico 1§otoarB
eomfte Surrfensf in cujus felicis ingenff specimen et sfngtilarls facunBte argumcn=
turn appensa fuit haec tabula per m. 1§otoarB, filfum ©homa- nuper JBucls Notf.
filli ejusBem 1§enrlcf comitfs Surtiensis.
Norfolfec sprung thee, Xambetb bolBs thee BcaB ;
ffllere, of the count of fflleremont, thou bight,
(Hiitbln the toomb of ©imonB's race thou hrcB,
anB satocst tbp cousin cromneB tn tbp sight.
Shelton for lobe, Sump for lorB thou chase,
ape me tohfle life BIB last that league toas tenBcr
©racing tohose steps thou satocst Uelsall blase,
EaunBetsep burnt anB battereB IBullepn venBer.

BRASSES OF KNIGHTS AND LADIES OF THE 16TH CENTURY. 85
at JWuttwll gates hopeless of all recure,
©bine Earl, half BeaB, gabe in tbp banB his toill ;
Which cause BiB thee this pining Beath procure,
Ere summers four=tfmes seben thou coulBst fulfill,
ape, ffilete, If lobe baB booteB, care, or cost
1§ca&en haB not toonne, nor earth so timelp lost.
(See Lysons' Env. of Lond., vol. i. p. 278.)
The above was the faithful friend and attendant of the illustrious
Earl of Surrey. He was descended from Clere, of Cleremont, Nor
mandy : his father was Sir Robert Clere, of Ormsby, Norf., and his
mother Alice dau. of Sir Wm. Boleyn (brother of Sir Thos., No.
212), by Margt., dau. of Thos. Boteler, E. of Ormond. The '* Shel
ton" whom he " chase for love," but does not appear to have mar
ried, was probably a dau. of Sir Jno. Shelton, Norf. Clere was with
the Earl at the burning of Kelsal in 1543, and afterwards at the
siege of Landrecy. When Henry invaded France in 1546, Surrey
was appointed marshal, and Clere again accompanied him in the
sieges of Montreuil and Boulogne. In an attack on the former place,
Sept. 19, he saved the Earl's life, but in carrying him off, he
received a wound himself, from the effects of which he died on the
14th of April in the following year. See Surrey's Poems, Lond. 1 831 .

No. 215.
1545. John Spelman Esquire.
All Saints', Narborough, Norfolk.
A figure very similar to the preceding, but smaller : the pauldrons
are of two plates only ; no demi-placcate is visible, and the anelace is
very large. On a shield are these arms : quart., each quarter con
sisting of two coats per pale, 1. sa. platee, 2 flaunches ar., Spelman,
and 2. gu. a chief erm., Narburgh, quart. 1. az. a chevr. betw.
3 leopards' faces or, Frowyk, and 2. az., 3 sturgeons naiant in pale, or,
fretty gu., Sturgeon ;
Utere Ipetb 3ohn Spelman Esquper Son anB heier apparant to Spr 3tobn Spel=
man knight oon of the Knsticps at plees before the Utpng to be boIBen anB Bame
ffili^abetb hfe topfic tobich 3lohit marpeB JBlargaret oon of the JBoughters of s'
©homas IBlenbasset Unpgbt Sc Bame JWargaret his topfie anB baB pssue bp the
seiB JWargatet too Sonnes anB too Uougbters Ipblng at the Bap of his Beth . anB
©ecesseB the xxbij* Bape of December in the pere of or lorBe ffioB jk' bc xlb anB
in the xxxbij"1 pete of the l&aigne of l&png 3|enrp pe bflj • on tohose Soule ipii
haue mercp.

86 BRASSES OF KNIGHTS AND LADIES OF THE 16TH CENTURY.
No. 216.
c. 1545. Sir Francis Cockayne, and Lady.
St. Oswald's, Ashboum, Derbyshire.
The figures of a knt. and his lady : the former has his head bare,
and resting on a tilting helmet, the crest on which is a cock, as in
his arms ; ar. 3 cocks gu. armed, crested, and jelloped, sa. These
appeared also on his tabard, but are now quite defaced. The armour
is similar to that of the preceding examples ; the genoullieres are
large, and have large plates with invecked edges above and below
them. The lady has her head resting upon an ornamented cushion,
and wears a ped. h. dr. with ornamented lappets, a small cape, a
gown gathered up at the left side, with full sleeves, and girt with a
sash : underneath it is another gown, with close sleeves, slashed, and
striped longitudinally. Both the figures have frills on their wrists.
Above, is a low triple canopy ; the centre division represented as
projecting forward, the entablature of trefoil leaves, and the span
drils panelled : the twisted shafts that supported it are lost, as is
also the inscr. No. 217.
1546. William Thinne Esquire, and Wife.
All Hallows', Barking, London.
The figures of a knt. and his wife : the former armed like No.
214, but without a demi-placcate, wearing gauntlets, not divided into
fingers, and a chain round his neck. The lady has her hair parted
in front, and wears a close h. dr. (Paris head,) with long lappets
behind; her gown, which fits tight to her waist, is thrown open at
the neck, so as to form an embroidered collar ; the sleeves are tight
and puffed at the shoulders ; at the wrists are frills ; — the girdle has
attached to it, by a short chain, a tablet inscribed IHS ; the lower
part of the figure is broken off. The brass has been inaccurately re-
laid in a fresh slab : the only Evang. symb. (St. Matthew) that re
mains is placed above the figures. Part only of the marg. inscr.
remains. [^tap for the Soul of JW. eBllllam ©binne fflsqulre.one of the .piasters of the
honourable l$ousholB to ISlng 1§enrp VS.M our Sobeielgn EotB. 3^e] BepartpB
from the prison of his maple boBp pe xth Bap of augusie anno Biii- 1546. Sc in
the xxxbilj'h [peat of our Soberefgn EotB the 38lng. Which IBoBp, Sc cberp part
thereof, in the last Bap, shall be vniscB again at the SounB]e oi the EorB' ©trumpet

BRASSES OF KNIGHTS AND LADIES OF THE 16TH CENTURY. 87
In tohose ffiompng that toe map all Kopfullp mete Ifpm [our beabenlp JFatber grant
us tohose JWercp is so great totoarBs us, that he freelp offeretb to aE them that
eamcstlp repent their Sins, cberlasting life, through the Bcath of bis BeatIp belobeB
Son Jesus : ©o tohom be cberlasting ^rafse amen.]
See Seymour's Survey of London, 1734, vol. i. p. 287.
His arms were : gu. on a chevr. betw. 3 martlets or, as many
mullets sa., a chief of the 2nd, charged with 3 mascles pierced of
the first ; these are now lost from the tomb".

No. 218.
1547. Christopher Playters Esquire.
St. Margaret's, Sotterley, Suffolk.
A small and curious figure in armour, somewhat like that worn
in the early part of the fifteenth cent. He has a scull-cap with
camail attached to it, pauldrons of several plates, brassarts, &c. ; also
a skirt of taces with a narrow arched aperture in front, beneath which
is a skirt of mail with vandycked edge. The figure stands on a round
base. 1|erelpeth burfeB the boBp of ffibristopber ^lapters esqr: toho baB tton topfes
biB? : Borotpfe one of pe Baugbters Sc heires of Will : aselaek of ffiarroto esqr bp
tohom he baB Issue ©bomas Sc bp ann Baugh' : to Will : 3ReaB of IBecles esqr :
he baB 5 sonnes anB 4 Baugbrs : f>e BieB bpon pe xx Bap of aug : an" 1547.
Beneath is a shield with his arms ; see No. 179.
No. 219.
1550. John Shelley Esquire, and Wife. Clapham, Sussex.
The small figures of a knt. and his wife, kneeling on cushions at a
desk ; the former is bare-headed, with his hair cropped close ; he
is in armour like that worn in the early part of the cent, (see
No. 192.) The breastplate is somewhat globular, and has large
pauldrons of one plate, turned up at the edges : tassets, of several
plates, are attached to a very short skirt of taces. The lady is
dressed like No. 217, but has a standing collar, and ruff. On the
b W. Thinne, alias Botevill, was the " The great number of Chaucer's
editor of " The works of Geffray works, never before published, which
Chaucer:" printed by Thomas God- appear in It, fully entitles it to the
fray, 1532, foi., which was the first commendations which have always
edition of the entire works, with the been given to it on that account.
exception of the " Ploughman's Tale," Accordingly it was several times re-
first printed in 1542. The volume printed as the standard edition." See
was ded. to Hen. VIII., by "William Tyrwhitt's Chaucer, i. xvi. Dibdin's
Thynue, chefe clerke of his kechyn." Typ. Ant, iii. p. 62.

88 BRASSES OF KNIGHTS AND LADIES OF THE 16TH CENTURY.
desk are two books, and suspended in front is a pair of gauntlets
a helmet lies on the ground beneath. Behind the knt. are four sons,
in gowns open up the front; and behind the lady, are eight dau.
habited like their mother, but without girdles.
3§ere bnBer Ipetb burleB the IBoBp of 3Sobii Sbellep lEsqufer toblcb BecesseB the
xb* Bape of Beeember fn the pere of our 3EorB ffioB a ©IjobsanB fpbe : HjunBretb
fpfte: toho JWarieB JWarp the Batogbtcr of Spr Will'm ffirjtoilltems knight bp
tohom be baB Issetoe fibuer Sonnes anB eight Batogbters.
Over the figures is a row of five shields with these arms : 1st, a
saltier betw. 4 martlets, imp. sa. a fesse engr. betw. 3 whelks or,
Shelley ; 2nd, a cross engr. (Norton ?) imp. Shelley ; 3rd, az. a
chevr. betw. 3 bundles of cotton yarn ar. Cotton, imp. Shelley;
4th, quart. 1st and 4th, per pale indented or and vert, a chevr. gu.,
2nd and 3rd, sa. 2 bars ar., in chief 3 plates, Hungerford, imp.
Shelley ; 5th, a saltier within a bordure, a crescent for difference,
(Gage ?) imp. Shelley. There are also three other shields : 1st,
Shelley ; 2nd, Shelley imp. Fitzwilliams ; 3rd, Fitzwilliams. These
are not given in the rubbing.
No. 220.
1551. Edward Leventhorp Esquire, and Wife.
St. Michael's, Sawbridgeworth, Herts.
The figures of a knt. and his wife, affording good examples of the
dress worn in Queen Elizabeth's reign. The knt. is represented with
short curling hair, moustaches, and beard. His armour consists of
a gorget of plate, large pauldrons reaching down nearly to the coutes,
fastened on the shoulders by spring-pins, and, together with the
tassets and cuisses, composed of several plates with the outer edges
escalloped ; to the lower rim of a rather long- waisted breastplate,
the tassets are buckled, and hang over the trunk hose ; he wears
also vambraces, jambs, and sollerets, which are without broad toes,
and have spurs buckled over the instep. The lady wears a close
cap (Paris head), an under gown, with the bodice peaked at the waist,
and the skirt highly ornamented with scroll work : over this another
gown open in front both above and below the waist, and bulging out
above the hips. Both the figures wear ruffs, and appear to have
been engraved at the close of the century ; compare No. 388.
Here lyeth bvkied Edward Leventhorp Esquire, who diedinDecemb
1551. (being yc eldest sonne of Thomas Leventhorp Esqvire, & Eliza
beth his wife, ye Davghter of Barlee of Aldbvry Esqvire.
theire eldest sone was also Edward who married Mary Parker the
second davghter op Sr Harry Parker Knight y° eldest sone of Harry
Lo : Morlie.

BRASSES OF KNIGHTS AND LADIES OE THE 16TH CENTURY. 89
No. 221.
1559. John Corbet Esquire, and Wife.
SS. Mary and Margaret, Sprowston, Norfolk.
The kneeling figures of a knt. and his wife, attired like No. 224.
The upper part of the knt.'s figure is lost ; behind him are four sons,
and behind the lady, six dau. with long hair bound by fillets. Three
shields remain, and still retain portions of their original colouring ;
1st, or, a raven close ppr., a mullet for diff., Corbet, imp. quart, gu.
and az., over all a cross engr. erm., Berney ; 2nd, Corbet, engraved
on a lozenge-shaped plate, and surmounted by a helmet, &c, with the
crest, a squirrel sejant or, charged with a mullet ; 3rd, Berney. The
inscr. is in raised letters.
1§ere bnBer this ©ombe Ipeth burieB 3)n the mercp of Shesus ffibrist the boBp oi
3obn ffiorbet lEsqttper anB 3Sane his topfe tobicb 3fobn BecessiB pe xxbitj Bap of
Beeember %xc Biii JW<> ©fflffiffig; Ux anB pe salB iane BpeB pe 
Bnp of  %° m1 bc — — tohois IBoBies anB soule goB grant a lopiul
res'rexctfon.
No. 222.
1561. Henry Hobert Esquire.
Holy Trinity Church, Loddon, Norfolk.
A curious figure in plate armour, represented as wearing mous
taches and a long forked beard ; also a tabard with very short sleeves,
charged with his arms, sa. an estoile of 8 points or, betw. 2 flaunches
erm. His rerebraces cuisses and jambs are scored to represent
separate plates, and his gauntlets are composed of several pieces.
The upper part of the head is mutilated.
®t pour ebatlteprape for pe soule of henrp hobert esquper tochBeptiB pia trasltorn
life pe last Bape of aprlll anno Bo1 JW° ffiffiffiffiffi Ixf .
No. 223.
1562. Sir Giles Strangwayes. Melbury Sampford, Dorset.
A knt. with his head bare and resting on a helmet, on which is
his crest, a Hon pass, in pale, paly of 6 ar. and gu. : he wears a chain
round his neck, and a tabard with these arms; quart, of 6, 1st,
defaced, probably sa., 2 lions pass, in pale, paly of 6, ar. and gu.,
Strangwayes ; 2nd, or, a chevr. within a bordure engr. gu., Stafford ;
3rd, sa., a fret or, Maltrevers ; 4th, per fesse az. andgu. 3 crescents
ar., Aumarle ; 5th, sa. 6 Uons ramp, or, St. Martyn ; 6th, 6 barrulets
N

90 BRASSES OF KNIGHTS AND LADIES OF THE 16TH CENTURY.
gemelles. Above are (?) two other shields, not given in the rubbing :
their bearings are to be seen in Hutchins's Hist, of Dorset, vol. ii.
p. 243.
3|ete Ipeth Spr ffiples Strangtoapes Ucnpgbt toho BpeB the lElebentb Bap of
aptpll tn the pere of or3EotBe goB % ©hotosanB fpbe 1§unBreth ©hreescore anB too.
No. 224.
1562. William Hyde Esquire, and Wife.
The figures of a knt. and his wife kneeling at desks : the former
a'rmed as No. 192, but without a mail collar ; he has tassets instead
of tuilles, and his skirt of mail is vandycked at the edge : his gaunt
lets and helmet lie on the ground in front. The lady wears a close
h. dr. (Paris head), a gown girt with a sash, open up the front, and
turned over at the neck : the sleeves are tight, have a scroll twisted
round them, and are puffed and slashed at the shoulders. From
their mouths proceed scrolls, inscribed :
JWfsercre mef Beus scBm magna misericorBia tuam— Ijeale mp soule o lorBe for
I haue SpnneB agapnst the.
Behind the knt. kneel eight sons, and behind his wife seven dau.
Beneath is the following unusual inscr. :
djuisqufs transieris pro nostris ora aiabus
1£t 3)unctos tumulo tu prece 3Sunge Ben.
©he tohicbe Wpllam ^pBe TEsquper BecesspB the seconBe Bap of JWape in the pere
of oure TCorB ffioB Jtt'ffiffiffiffiffilbfj anB the sapBe JFBlargerp his topfe BecesspB
the xxbij Bap of 3mne in the pere of oure UJrBe ffioB JW' ffiffiffiffiffilxtj.
No. 225.
1568. William Bulkeley Esquire, and Wife.
All Saints', Cople, Beds.
On a quadrangular brass plate are engraved the small figures of
a knt. and lady ; behind the former are three sons, with their initials
over them, I. W. C, and behind the latter, five dau., with the
initialsA. I. I. S. C. ; all these figures are kneeling, and dressed like
those in the preceding example. Above all is a shield with these
arms ; quart. 1st, sa. a chevr. betw. 3 bulls' heads cabossed ar.,
Bulkeley ; 2nd. 8 fusils, 3, 2, and 3 ; 3rd, a chevr. betw. 10 roundles ;
4th, on a chief 2 bucks' heads cabossed ; over the shield is a helmet
with its crest, a bull's head and neck erased, per pale ar. and sa.
Beneath the shield, and between the figures, are these words :
3)esus or (op Sc or Belpgtb in the o cbiist make bs pBgtb Return 1568.
On scrolls from the mouth of the figures,
i DEUS M1SERIATVR. NR1 ET BENEDICAT. NOBl[s].

• BRASSES OF KNIGHTS AND LADIES OF THE 16TH CENTURY. '91
Above is a foliated arch supported by two twisted columns, and
inscribed, lESVS • NASARINVS • REX • IVDIORVM • FILII . DEI . MISERERI NOSTRI.
Over all is an embattled parapet, with shields in the spandrils
bearing, 1 , (ar.) on a pale (sa.) a conger eel's head couped (or), a mullet
for diff. (Gascoigne ?), imp. per fesse — and erm. 2 lions pass, and a
lion ramp, charged with a mullet (?) : 2, quart., 1st and 4th, ar. a
bugle horn sa. stringed or, Luke ; 2nd and 3rd, a fleur-de-lys, imp.
3 lions ramp. betw. 5 cross crosslets fitchee.
Tfyete bnBer Ipeth hurpeB pe boBpes of Williin IBulkelep IHsquier anB Kane his
toife Batogbter of IBaron lEuke of pe figuencs l^igbncs excbcquier tobo baB beitoen
them fij sones (fflharles 8c Willin) tohose boBps Ipclb here burieB 8c 3tobii anB V
Batognjers an Hopse DuBptb Susan 8c ffifsselej tohom 3Jesus ebi'fst baue mcp $c
grant them eternal fop.
No. 226.
c. 1570. Anthony Forster Esquire, and Wife.
St. Michael's, Cumnor, Berks.
Against the wall, at the back of a canopied altar-tomb on the north
side of the chancel, are the small figures of a knt. and his lady,
kneeling at desks, and attired like No. 224. Behind the latter are
three sons kneeling : behind the knt. these arms ; quart. 1st and
4th, ar. 3 bugle horns stringed sa. ; 2nd and 3rd, three pheons with
the points upwards, a martlet for diff., Forster; imp. quart. 1st, az.
2 organ pipes in saltier betw. 4 crosses pattee ar., "Williarrs2nd, a
raven (?) 3rd, a chevr. erm. betw. 3 lions' heads erased, on a chief
nebulee, a pale charged with a pelican, all within a bordure changed
with roundles, 4th as 1st.; over this, Forster single. Between the
figures on a shield, Forster ; above the shield, a helmet &c. with
the crest, a stag lodged and reguardant gu., charged with a martlet
or, for diff., vulned through the neck by an arrow ar. Behind the
lady, the arms on the sinister side of the first mentioned shield.
Beneath the figures, is this inscr. in double columns.
antonfus JForster generis generosa propago,
ffiumnera Bominus IBarcheriensis erat.
&tmiger armlgero prognatus patre IfticharBo,
(OJui quonBam Ipbletba' Salopiensis etat.
figuatttor ex (sto fluxerunt stcmmate nati,
1£x isto ?lntonius stcmmate quattus crat.
JlWente sagax, animo prseccllens, cotpore promptus,
¦ffiloquio Bulcis, o:e Bisettus etat.
In factis probitas, fuit in setmone bcnustas,
En bulttt gtauitas, IRellfgione fiBes.

92 .BRASSES OF KNIGHTS AND LADIES OF THE 16TH CENTURY.
En pattfam pfetas, fn egenos grata boluntas,
acceBunt relfpfs annumeranBa bonis.
Sic quoB tuncta rapit, rapuit non omnia fetfium,
SeB qua mots rapuit, biutBa fama BeBit.
anna IRainolBo Wiliams fuit orta parente,
lEuasit meritfs armiger (lie suis.
SeB minor huic frater, prastante IauBe IBaronis
©hamensis ufguit gloria magna soil.
¦armiger ergo pater, Bominus seB auunculus anna>,
ffilara etat bijs, meritis clarior anna suis.
ffiasta biro, stuBfosa Bef, Bilecta propinquis,
Stirpe beata satis, prole beata satis.
JFElater 3)oannfs, meBiaq? state Hoberti.
3Et Bemum T^entici nobilis ilia parens.
' v fflpntbia ^enelope tumulo rlauBuntur in (sto,
anna seB hoc tumulo sola sepulta Iacet.
arguta> resonas eithara pratenBere eborBas
Nouit, et aonia tonttepuisse Ipra.
ffiauBebat tens teneras Beftgere plautas,
1Et mita pulchcas construete arte Bomos
ffiomposita uartas lingua formare loguelas
Boctus, et eBocta scribere multa manu.
Sir Walter Scott, in his " Kenilworth,'* has given " Tony Forster"
a very different character from the above.

No. 227.
c. 1570. A Knight and Lady. St. Mary's, Redburn, Herts.
Small figures of a knt. and his wife kneeling at desks, and habited
as No. 224; behind the former are three sons, and behind the
latter three dau., all kneeling. Above, on a lozenge-shaped plate,
are these arms engraved on a shield ; on a cross betw. 4 birds, the
2 in chief on roundles, 4 lions ramp. ; above this is the crest, a bull's
head couped fretty. The inscr. is lost.
No. 228.
1571. Don Perafan de Ribera. Seville, Spain.
A fine and large brass, measuring 8 ft. 3 in. by 5 ft. 6 in., and
representing a knt. standing on a scroll pedestal. He is bareheaded,
and wears plate armour, having the edges of the different pieces
richly ornamented by rows of scroll-work, &c, within a border; the

brasses of Knights and ladies of the 16th century. 98
breast-plate is long waisted ; the pauldrons do not cover the epau-
lieres, and are adorned with shields bearing armed figures ; on two
circles, at the hinges of the pauldrons, are profiles. The gauntlets
have pointed cuffs, and are divided into fingers : the right hand
sustains upon the thigh a helmet with vizor and plume, while the
left rests upon the hilt of the sword. At the upper corner are two
shields surmounted by coronets, and bearing these arms ; 3 bars
imp. tierce mantle, in chief 2 towers, in base a lion ramp.
There is the following marg. inscr. within a border of Grecian
ornaments. It commences at the lower dexter corner, and runs up
wards. Aqvii aze elex"10 Senorq' Don Perafan de Ribera, Dvqve de Alcala,
Marqves de Tarifa, Conde de los Molares, Adelantado Maior del An-
DALVZIA, VISORE IDE NaPOLES. FALLESCIO A, Z. DE ABRIL DE 1571 AN0S.
The following is a translation :
Here lies the most illustrious Senor Don Perafan de Ribera, Duke
op Alcala, Marquis of Tarifa, Count of Los Molares, Adelantado0
Major of Andalusia, Viceroy of Naples, He died a a (10th?) of April
1571. Beneath the figure are these lines, supported by two nearly naked
boys. hoc iacet in tvmvlo, quem virtus vexit ad ASTRA :
quem canet ad svmmvm debita fama diem.
tempore diverso duo regna amplissima rexit
barchinoem ivvenis parthenopenqve senex
dvm fvit eois, fvlsit qvasi sidvs eovm :
dvm hesperus, hesperos alter erat.
flere nefas illum, qui f^lix vixit vbiqve
ante homines vivvs, mortvvs ante deos.
Mention is made of this brass in the Proceedings of the Society,
Hilary Term 1845, p. 17. It has been removed from one of the
lately desecrated conventual churches in Seville, to the University
chapel in the same city. No. 229.
1572. Thomas Playters Esquire.
St. Margaret's, Sotterley, Suffolk.
The figure of a knt., armed as No. 192, his head rests upon a
helmet, his gorget is of plate, and at his wrists are frills.
UnBer this Stone 3Cpetbe burieB ihe boBpe of ©bomas 'Papters of Sotterlp
¦ffisquier Ration of this manor, toho baB issue bp "Elizabeth his topff one of the
i Th'j governor of a frontier province.

94 BRASSES OF KNIGHTS AND LADIES OF THE 16TH CENTURY.
Baughters oi Sr ©bomas Herman of IRusbebrofie fn the countie of Suit' ISnpght
sixe Soimes anB sfxe Baughters 8c BpeB the ix Bape of September anno Bomini
1572. Beneath on a shield, Playters, (see No. 179,) imp. sa. a crescent
betw. 2 mullets in pale ar., Jermyn. No. 230.
1573. Sir William Harper, and Lady. St. Paul's, Bedford.
A knt. and his wife : the former, with his head resting on a helmet,
is armed like No. 192, but has a plate gorget, pauldrons of several
plates, and reaching nearly to the elbows ; his tassets are square at
the bottom ; round his neck and wrists are frills, and over his armour
he wears an alderman's mantle. The lady is habited like No. 224,
and has a fur collar to her gown, which is open in front, and displays
the ornamented skirt of the under-dress.
fflbijt. 27- Bie Jebruarij. 1573. ano aetatis suse. 77°.
1|ere bnBct Kerb burieB the boBp of Sir William, harper knight aiBerman anB
late HjrBe JWaior of the ffiitfe of IConBon toitbe Bame JWargarert his last toifeto*
Sir William toas borne in this totone of IBcBforB 8c here fouBeB 8c gaue lanB' for
the mapntenance of a ffiramer scboole.
He was lord mayor in 1561.
No. 231.
1573. Clement Throkmorton Esquire, and Wife.
St. Mary's, Haseley, Warwickshire.
On an altar-tomb are the figures of a knt. armed as the preceding
example, and his wife habited like No. 224; to her sash a clasped
book is attached by a long cordon. At the corners of the slab are
four shields; I. quart, of 7 pieces, 1st, gu. on a chevr. ar. 3 bars ge-
melles sa., Throckmorton ; 2nd, a fesse with 2 embattlements ; 3rd,
a fesse with 2 embattlements betw. 6 cross-crosslets fitchee ; 4th, a
chevr. betw. 3 crescents ; 5th as 3rd ; 6th, 3 maces (?) ; 7th, a bar
betw. 6 guttes, a martlet for diff. II. on a lozenge-shaped brass
plate, quart, of 5, 1st, gu. on a saltier ar. a rose of the 1st, seeded or,
barbed vert, Neville ; 2nd, chequee ; 3rd, 3 chevr.; 4th, quart., 1st and
4th defaced, 2nd and 3rd a fret, over all a bend ; 5th, a bar betw.
6 cross-crosslets. III. as I. IV. consists of I. imp. II. , which arms
are also on a shield above the figures. The inscr. is in a chamfer,
and runs thus :
?J< ¥?erc liell) the boBpe of ffilcmcfnt ©hvoftmovton] TEsquler the tbirBc Sonne
of Sr fficoige ©brofcmorton finnght nnB IKnthevln Nebell his topffe the Rirste anB

BRASSES OF KNIGHTS AND LADIES OF THE 16TH CENTURY. 95
tlBest Battghter of Sr 1£BtoarB Nebcll fenpght of tohom he .begate spxe sonnes 8c
seben Baughters he BepartiB this toorlB the sonBape befnge the xiil,th of Beeember
fn the pere of our lorBe ffioB mccccc sebentpe anB three anB fn the spxtene pere of the
rafgne of out most ffiraciotts 8c sufferatgne laBpe quene lElijabeth.

No. 232.
1576. Richard Tomynw Esquire, and Wife.
St. Mary Magdalene's, North Ockendon, Essex.
The figure of a knt., armed as the preceding examples ; that of
his wife is lost.
UfcbarB ©ompnto lEsquier tobo JWarpeB JWacp one of the Baughters of Sit
JWatbetoe IBrotone oi IBet&toorrh ffiastlc fn the countie of Surrep Utnigpt BeceaseB
the xfj of 3une 1576.
Whoe bnBer stone of marble here Both test
13d Devest frenBes remembereB as poto see
Suche topsBome sure BiB loBge toitbin his brest
anB suche contempt of toorlBlp things haB he
as maBe him passe toitb gainc of toortbp ptapse
©he qupet course of those his ageB Bapes.
a man InBueB toith bertues of the mpnB
3Estemlng mpche the mepne anB qupet state
WeU learneB lie toas to eucrp gooB inclpneB
With pacience great colBe broofee eche other fate
©o prpnee, anB pere, most true fn seruice still
•at eightie petes on him ffioB BiB bis toill.
No. 233.
1584. John Wingpeld Esquire.
All Saints', Easton, Suffolk,
A knt., armed as No. 220, with his head bare, and resting on a
helmet. His breast-plate is long, and verges to a point at the waist.
Above is a shield with twenty quarterings; 1st, defaced, but appa
rently ar. on a bend gu. betw. 2-cotises sa., 3 pairs of wings joined
in leure, of the field, Wingfield ; 2nd, quart, or and sa., Bovile-, 3rd, a
cross within a bordure engr. ; 4th, a chevr. betw. 3 plumes of ostrich
feathers; 5th, barry of 6 (or and az.), a canton erm., Gousell (?) ; 6th,
barryofS; 7th,across; 8th, a lion ramp. ; 9th,achief; 10th,3garbs;
1 1th, defaced ; 1 2th, semee of fleurs-de-lys, a bordure charged with

96 BRASSES OF KNIGHTS AND LADIES OF THE 16TH CENTURY.
lions pass, guard.; 13th, chequee; 14th, a bend fusilly; 15th, a
chief; 16th, 3 garbs (?); 17th, on a chevr. 3 crescents; 18th, a
cross betw. 4 escallop shells ; 19th, a chief indented ; 20th, defaced.
lere Ipeth 31ohn WingfelB of lEston esquper one of the sonnes of ©bomas
WingfelB late of greate Bunham in the countp of Norff. esquper tohfcb sapB ilobn
WfngielB BpeB anB bias burpeB in the moneth of Sanuarp anB fn the peare of our
ICorB ffioa 1584.

No. 234.
c. 1590. A Knight and his Wives.
The figures of a knt. and his two wives ; the former armed like
No. 220, and the latter habited like No. 224, but without sashes.
The inscr. is lost. No. 235.
1592. John Shellie Esquire, and Wife. Clapham, Sussex.
On an oblong brass plate a knt. and his wife, kneeling at a table ;
behind them are a son and dau. The knt. is armed as No. 220 ;
the lady is in a similar dress to No. 224, but with plain sleeves, and
a ruff round her neck. Between the figures is a shield bearing a
chevr. betw. 3 escallops, Shelley, imp. ar. a chevr. az. betw. 3 squir
rels sejant gu., Lovell. Beneath, incised in marble, is the following :
%exe Ipeth the boBle of 3ohn Sbeltfc 2d son of 3lobn Shellie of JWticbelgrobe tobo
marpcB TEUnor Baugbter of Spr ©bomas ICobell of darling in Norfolfee knight 8c
baB bp her a Sonne 8c a Baugbter.
No. 236.
1593. Humphrey Brewster Esquire.
St. Nicholas's, Wrentham, Suffolk.
The figure of a knt. armed as No. 220 : two shields above bear
1st, sa., a chevr. erm. betw. 3 estoiles ar., Brewster; above is the
crest, a — head erased : 2nd, Brewster quart, or, on a cross engr.
sa. 5 cinquefoils of the field, imp. ar. 3 bugle-horns stringed sa.,
Forster. Here lyeth the bodye of Hvmphrye Brewster Esqvier whoe deceased
the 29 of Ivne 1593 and in the 67 yere of his age.
The shields and inscr. are given in Cotman's Norf. Brasses, but
are omitted in the rubbing ; it is to be hoped that they are not lost;

BRASSES OF KNIGHTS AND LADIES OF THE 16TH CENTURY. 97
No. 237.
1593. Nicholas Ansley Esquire. St. Margaret's, Lee, Kent.
A figure, armed as No. 220, and kneeling at a desk, with his face
turned towards the spectator.
When p4 figuene 'ffil^abetb full fibe peres baB rainB
©hen Nicholas anslep tobos ffiorps Ipes here interreB.
at fibe anB ttoentp peres of age toas entertapnB
3n to her serl is tobere tocll him selfe he catteB
In eche mans lobe, till fiftp anB epgbt peres oulB
3Being sergant of her seller, Beath him then controulB
1593.
No. 238.
1596. John Windham Esquire, and Wipe.
St. Decuman 's, Somerset.
The figures of a knt. and his wife, deeply incised on thick plates of
brass, and dressed like No. 220. The lady has the lappet at the
back of her head-dress turned back over her head ; and both wear
very large ruffs.
36ere Ipeth the boBies of 3lobn aSUnBbam, lEsq: Sonne anB heite of Sir 3Sof)n
WinBham, of ©rcharB'in the ffiountpe of Somerset, knight, BeceaseB, tobo BieB
(his father then libing) the 25th Bap of august, in the peare of oure TSJotV 1572, anB
of his age about 56. anB of Jflorence his toife, one of the Baughters of 3Sobn
WaBham, of JWetefielB in the countie of Somersett, TEsq : anB coheire of Nicholas
WaBham of JWetefielB aforesatB, Sonne of the saiB John, anB brother of her the
saiB ^Florence, tobo BleB the 26lh Bap of JFebruatfe, fn the peat of our 3EotB 1596,
anB of her age 58. ©hep baB issue onlp Sir 3obn WinBham, of ©rdjarB afore=
saiB, tobo of his Butifull affection to the memorie of h^ Beere parents barf) here
placeB this monument.
m. 'tus I a®^,en £feanBeless tate to Beath BiB change mp life,
IE prap'B it to be gentle to mp toife.
m flBut sbee, tobo hart anB bans to thee BiB toeBB
iBesireB nothing mote than ibis thfe beBB.
jp . c, 3TBtougf)t pour soules that lincfet toere each in either,
I ©o rest abobe, pour boBies here togeilher.
See Collinson's Hist, of Somerset, vol. iii. p. 491.
No. 239.
1611. Ambrose Duke Esquire, and Wipe.
St. Mary's, Benhall, Suffolk.
A knt. and his wife dressed like No. 220 ; but the latter has the
lappet of her cap thrown over her head, and the skirt of, her under-

98 BRASSES OF CIVILIANS AND LADIES OF THE 14TH CENTURY.
dress is unornamented. Between them is a shield, quart., 1st, ar. (?)
a chevr. betw. 3 birds close ar. membered gu., Duke ; 2nd, a fesse
betw. 2 chevr., an annulet for diff. ; the rest of the shield is hardly
to be deciphered, but it bears the arms of Calthorpe, vaire or, and gu.
Here lieth the bodies of Ambrose dyke Esq: & Elizabeth his wife
one of yb davghters & heires of Bartram colthorp Esq: he died the
29 of November 1610 & shee dyed the 30 of December 1611 having issue
one sonn and two davghters resting vpon thassvred hope of a ioyfvll
resvrrection.

PART III.
BRASSES OF CIVILIANS AND LADIES.

BRASSES OP CIVILIANS AND LADIES OP THE FOURTEENTH
CENTURY. No. 240.
c. 1350. Nicholas de Aumberdene, Fishmonger.
St. Nicholas's, Taplow, Bucks.
An elegant cross-brass, consisting of a long stem resting on a
dolphin, and terminating in a head composed of eight ogee arches,
alternately large and small, with tasteful finials, and surrounding a
small male figure. The figure, of which a woodcut is given in the
Introd., has flowing hair, moustaches, and beard, and wears a hood,
cape, tunic or tight-fitting gown, reaching below the knees, partly
open in front, and with two pocket-holes ; the sleeves are short, and
hang down from above the elbow in long lappets, exhibiting the
tight sleeves of an under dress : the legs are in tight hose, and the
feet in low shoes laced up at the sides.
Nlchole Be aumberBene laBis pessoner Be UimBrcs gist Icp : Bieu Be salme eit
mercp amen.
This brass has been relaid in a fresh stone, and the inscr. incor
rectly placed above the cross: one of the finials, and probably some
leaves from the sides of the stem, are lost. It has been removed
to the new church !, upon the shameful destruction of the old one.

BRASSES OF CIVILIANS AND LADIES OF THE 14TH CENTURY. 99

No. 241.
1361. Alan Fleming.
St. Mary Magdalene's, Newark, Notts.
A superb brass of Flemish workmanship, consisting of an unbroken
surface measuring 9 ft. 4 in. by 5 ft. 7 in., and most elaborately orna
mented. In the centre is a large male figure, habited as the pre
ceding ; the tunic is longer, and, together with the cape, has orna
mented borders : the tight under-sleeves are buttoned beneath, and
the shoes fastened across the insteps ; the head rests upon a richly
diapered cushion supported by angels, and the feet on a satyr and
lion grappling with each other. A scroll passes between the hands
inscribed : mfserete • mei . Bomine . Beus . meus.
Around the figure is an exceedingly rich canopy, each shaft of
which is composed of six rows of niches, containing male and female
figures in various postures, and exhibiting a variety of costume ;
those on the upper row playing on musical instruments. The portion
of the canopy over the head of the figure is groined, ornamented with
stars, and has three divisions ; in the centre, between four figures,
two of which are playing on the guitar and violin, is the seated figure
of the Almighty Father holding the soul of the deceased ; at the
sides are the figures of SS. Peter and  , each between two
attendants. There are in all thirty-nine small figures; the niches
in which they stand have groined canopies, and the back ground is
engraved with diapering, chiefly of scroll-work. There is also a
diaper of griffins in trefoils between the principal figure and the
canopy ; round the whole is a marg. inscr. within a border of scroll
work ; at the corners are the Evang. symb., and at the middle of
the sides a merchant's mark, with the initials 3. N. The inscr. is
as follows :
?J< Ifc • facet • alanus • flemrng • qui • obfjt • anno • Bnf ¦ millto • ffiffiffi • lExf ¦
jn ¦ Bie . sea • belena . tut' . aia • per • Bei • mfsericorBiam • requiescat • fn . pace .
amen ffireBo • quoB • rcBemptor • meus • bfuft • et • fn • noufssfmo • Bfc • Be •
terra ¦ surrecturus • sum • et ¦ ruisus . cfrcumBabor • pelle , mea . et • in . came •
mea • biBebo ¦ Beum - saluatotem . meum ¦
This brass is much worn in the upper part, but to preserve it from
further injury, it has been placed at the back of the altajr.screen.

100 BRASSES OF CIVILIANS AND LADIES OF THE 14TH CENTURY.
No. 242.
1364. Robert Braunche and Wives.
St. Margaret's, Lynn Regis, Norfolk.
A splendid brass, of similar design and execution with the fore
going, and measuring about 9 ft. by 5 ft. The figures are those of a
civilian between his two wives, their heads resting on cushions as
before : the former has a stunted beard, and is habited like Alan
Fleming ; beneath his feet is an eagle attacking a wild figure in
human form. The ladies wear wimples and veil h. dr., long flow
ing robes, lined with fur, gathered up under one arm, with tight
sleeves reaching to the elbows, and hanging down from thence in
lappets ; an under dress, beautifully embroidered with scroll-work
and birds, is visible at their feet, and its tight sleeves appear beneath
those of the upper robe : at their feet are little dogs with bell-collars.
In the tahernacle-work over each figure are five niches ; in the centre
one, the Deity is represented with the soul of the deceased in the
lap, and in the other niches are four angels, one on either side
swinging a censer, and the other two playing on musical instruments.
Each shaft of the canopy consists of four niches, containing male and
female figures in varied costume. Beneath is a representation of the
*' peacock feast :" at the table sit nine men and three women ; the
first figure on the left is made prominent by a more ornamented cap,
and by having in front of him a man kneeling on one knee, and
placing before him a peacock in a dish ; on the table are viands of
different sorts, drinking vessels, &c. ; standing at the same end of
the table are five figures, viz., two musicians, one playing on a violin,
the other on a guitar, and three females, the first bringing another
peacock. At the right end of the table stand four figures, the first,
a female presenting a peacock to the man who sits at that end, the
other three, musicians blowing trumpets.
With respect to the feast represented on this unique brass, Gough
conjectures that it may be " some grand anniversary celebrated in this
wealthy town, perhaps the feast of St. Margaret their patroness, or
the fair day granted them by King John, or perhaps the mayor's
feast, when Mr. Braunche held that office, 1349 or 1359." For an
account of the " peacock feasts," and of this ancient and distinguished
family, see his Sep. Mon., vol. i. p. 115. There is a marg. inscr.
nearly surrounding the whole, with the Evang. symb. at the corners,
and shields in quatrefoils half way down each side, which bear the

BRASSES OF CIVILIANS AND LADIES OF THE 14TH CENTURY. 101
following arms ; on one, old France, and Engl, quart. ; and on the
other a cross engr. : the inscr., which is in raised Lombardic letters,
runs thus :
<& ©ma©iE . pa® ¦ aNijwaisus . m@isepm©i . Tm%v$®w& ¦
ra©Effiiffi • he© ¦ jwaiMiaira©^ • ux®mrJjw • -&v% ¦ ie© . ^m@ ¦
©JWNllSirs • fig rTBSTJS ; ©lENMWirm • <®VH ¦ e§rHEB3S Jtt • m®=
3B®m©'FS ¦ ©1B3EI ¦ XV ¦ BEffi fflffi©@1SUIS aNN® - B® {WINE •
_p ¦ ffiffiffi • EXEEEE • aNI jlfflTH • rS.©H&.V0L ^TEffi, • JWISTElkEffiffilR=
Biajm . btee . in • ^affiiE • EUEegOTffisffiaN© ¦ ajwiEN.
c. 1370. A Frankelein and a Priest.
St. John Baptist's, Shottesbrooke, Berks.
For a description of this brass see No. 20, p. 12.
No. 243.
c. 1370. Isabel Beaufo. St. Mary's, Waterpery, Oxon.
A small fern, figure wearing a zigzag h. dr., and a close fitting gown
low at the neck, and buttoned in front of the waist. The sleeves are
tight, and buttoned beneath as far as the elbows, above which long
lappets depend. Esabel] ISeaufo iaBis la [fern 
Nolm] gist itp : Bleu Be [Sal 
See Proceedings of the Society for Easter and Act Terms, 1845.
An engraving of this brass is given in the Introd.
No. 244.
c. 1370. A Civilian. SS. Peter and Paul, Deddington, Oxon.
A demi-figure with flowing beard and moustaches, in a gown with
tight mitten- sleeves buttoned underneath, a hood and cape. The
inscr. is lost, and the brass is taken up from its slab in the nave, and
affixed to the end of a pue. No. 245.
1375. Elizabeth de Ferrers, Countess op Atholl.
St. Mary's, Ashford, Kent.
On the floor of the chancel is a large fern, figure, having a reti
culated h. dr. of three rows nebuly (see the cut in Introd.), and
wearing a low dress sideless at the waist, and slit up at the sides of the

102 BRASSES OF CIVILIANS AND LADIES OF THE 14'TH CENTURY.
skirt, with a row of lozenge-shaped ornaments up the body : beneath
is an under dress. The hands of the figure held two banners, with
the arms of Valoyns and Ferrers ; the arms of the figure and the ban
ners are all lost, except the last mentioned coat, gu. 6 (7 ?) mascles
conjoined in pale, 3 and 3 (and 1) or. Four shields are also gone
from the sides ; they bore the arms of Strabolgie, Ferrers, Groby, &c.
See Gough, Sep. Mon., vol. i. p. 135. Over the head of the figure
is a trefoliated canopy with curved and embattled entablature ; the
staves of the banners did form the shafts. Above are the arms of
old France, and Engl, quart. There is a mutilated marg. inscr. :
[Ecp gist ffili?abetb] fflottntesse B atbers la fille [Sign Be jFerrers] 
q Bieu asoil [qe motustjle xxfj four Boc[tober Tm Be ©race JW. ffiffiffi. TXXV.]
" She was wife to Dauid de Strabolgie, the fourth of that Chris
tian name, Earle of Atholl, and the daughter of Henry Lord Ferrers
of Groby; and being secondly married to Iohn Maleweyn of this
County, here dyed in this Towne." See Weever's Fun. Mon., p. 275.
No. 246.
c. 1380. A Lady. St. Mary's, Winterbourne, Gloucestershire.
The figure of a lady wearing a veil h. dr. falling upon her shoulders,
and a long gown with tight sleeves and slits for pockets in front ; at
the wrists are visible the tight sleeves, buttoned underneath, of an
under-dress reaching partly over the hands. Above the figure was
a single canopy, which, together with a marg. inscr., is now lost.
The brass is in the chantry chapel of the Bradstones, and probably
commemorates one of that family. No. 247.
c. 1380. Robert de Brentyngham ?
St. Martin's, East Horsley, Surrey.
A demi-figure wearing a hood and a gown both buttoned up in
front; the latter with close sleeves, beneath which tight mitten-
sleeves, buttoned beneath, are visible. His beard is forked, and he
has moustaches. The inscr. is lost, but the following, given in
Manning and Bray's Surrey, vol. iii. p. 34, most probably belonged
to this brass.
" 1§lc facet ffiobettus Be IBrenlpngbam tarter lUbc'nBl parris ©horna TExon TEp'i
cujus a'l'e p'picietur Beus."
Thomas de Brentyngham was Bp. of Exeter from 1370 to 1894.

BRASSES OF CIVILIANS AND LADIES OF THE 14TH CENTURY. 103
No. 248.
1391. John Curteys and Wipe.
St. Laurence's, Wymington, Beds.
Under a double canopy are the small figures of a merchant and
his wife, with their heads resting on double cushions, with diaper
patterns on them : the man is habited in a hood, a long loose gown
girded at the waist, over which is a mantle fastened on the right
shoulder with three buttons, and thrown over the left arm. The
tight mitten-sleeves of an under-garment, buttoned beneath, are also
visible ; he bears an anelace, his beard is forked, and under his feet
is a greyhound. His wife is dressed in a flowing gown, over which
is a mantle fastened with a cordon attached to two fermailes ; she
wears a barbe, and a veil h. dr., and under her feet are two small
dogs with bell collars. In the ped. of the canopies are two quatre
foils in circles, above which are two griffins. At the upper corners
of the slab are two shields, bearing, I. 3 estoiles, II. quart., in the 1st
quart, a bar in base, in the 2nd a roundle (?) The whole is sur
rounded with a marg. inscr. in raised letters, with the Evang. symb.
at the corners, (those of SS. Matt, and Mark lost,) as follows :
1|ic facet Hops ffiurteps Bns Be Wumpnton quonBam maior staple lanarii
ffialesij & aibteBa bx' et' qui istam eccliam Be nobo consttuxerut obijt et fBe 3!obes
xfx° Bie mensis april' anno Bnt millmo ccc" Ixxxxj0 aiab? quorii micietur altlssim'
amen.

No. 249.
1399. Alianora de Bohun, Duchess op Gloucester.
St. Edmund's Chapel, Westminster Abbey.
On an altar-tomb is the large figure of a lady, attired as the last,
under a fine triple canopy, on each of the shafts of which three shields
are suspended : those on the dexter side bear, 1st, Old France, and
Engl, quart, within a bordure ar. for Thos. de Woodstock ; 2nd, az.
a bend ar. cotised betw. 6 lions ramp, or, Bohun ; 3rd, gu. 2 bends,
one or, the other ar., Milo, earl of Hereford : those on the sinister
side bear, 1st, Woodstock imp. quart. 1st and 4th, Bohun ; 2nd and
3rd, Milo, earl of Hereford ; 2nd, Bohun imp. quart. 1st and 4th, gu. a
lion ramp, or, Fitzalan ; 2nd and 3rd, chequed or and az., Warren ; 3rd
is lost, but bore gu. a swan ar., ducally crowned and chained, or, Man-
deville, earl of Essex (?). On the brass chamfer below the figure, are

] 04 BRASSES OF CIVILIANS AND LADIES OF THE 14TH CENTURY.
the badges of Bohun, a swan close, and of Thomas of Woodstock, a
swanar., with the wings expanded, ducally gorged and chained, or .
Of the latter the coronets and chains only remain. The badge of
Woodstock occurs also in the centre ped. of the canopy ; that of
Bohun at the spring of the arches, and at the commencement of the
chamfer inscr., which is in relief, and runs round three sides of the
slab, as follows :
?J< ffip gist aiianore Be 38ohun eisne fille 8c bn Bes heirs a lonurable seignour
mons' 3|umfrep Be IBobun ffiounte Be 3§ereforB' Bessex 8c Be Norhampton 8c
ffionesrable Benglet'te • llemme a puissant 8c noble prince ©bomas Be aKoBesiofce
filj a ttesexcellcnt 8c trepuissant seignour lEBtDatB IRop Btnglet're puis le conquest
tier? . Buc Be ffiloucestre ffiounte Bessex 8c Be 38ukpngbam 8c fflonestable Bengle=
tete Cge mottust le tier? iour Boctorbr Ian [Be grace JBllll ccclxxxxix B' quf alme
Bieux face JBlercp amen] See Dart's Hist, of West. Abbey, vol. i. p. 125.
The duke, being suspected by his nephew Rich. II. , was by his
order arrested, conveyed to Calais, and smothered before trial, A.D.
1397. His body was brought to England, and buried in the Con
fessor's chapel at Westminster ; where the slab that covers his
remains still exists, but is despoiled of its brass. His widow
afterwards retired to Barking nunnery, Essex, where she died
A.D. 1399.
It is perhaps hardly necessary to refer to Shakspere's Rich. II.
in which the above duchess, and also Ld. Berkeley and Sir W. Bagot,
[Nos. 140, and 150,] are amongst the persons represented.

No. 250.
c. 1400. A Civilian and Wipe.
St. Helen's, Ore, Sussex.
Two small figures under a double canopy ; the man wears a loose
gown reaching to his ancles, and buttoned a short way down from
his neck, with close sleeves ; a hood, an anelace supported by an
ornamented belt over the right shoulder, and shoes. His wife is in a
long flowing gown, buttoned the whole way up the front, and with
tight sleeves ; her neck is bare, and her hair is plaited in two rows
nebulae over the forehead, and falls down over the shoulders behind.
The inscr. is lost.
11 It is uncertain whether tliese are intended for separate badges.

BRASSES OF CIVILIANS AND LADIES OF THE 15TH CENTURY. 105r
No. 251.
1400. Ele Bo wet. St. Nicholas's, Wrentham, Suffolk.
A female figure habited in a long gown buttoned up the front,
girded at the waist, and with loose sleeves, beneath which are visible
the tight mitten-sleeves with buttons underneath of an under dress ;
her hair is gathered up over.her forehead into a caul of net-work, and
a kerchief is thrown over it behind. On each side of her head is a
shield with the following arms, as far as can be decyphered ; I. — imp.
a cross engr., over all a bendlet, Ufford ? II. — imp. party per fesse
chequee. 3EIc Botoet grata muller Iacet hie tumulata
SRoberti nata fuit bftbrB bee boeitata
JBt. ffi. quater in bijs febtuart septtm' (Bus
Vmai in eternis pagrault tunc sup" siBus.
No. 252.
1401 . Elizabeth  . St. Thomas a Becket 's, Goring, Oxon.
A small figure under a single mutilated canopy, habited like the
last, with a mantle fastened from two fermailes, and a dog under her
feet." Round the whole is a marginal legend, the upper piece of
which is gone ; the remaining part is as follows ;
 he tobcebe that BepBe the (ere of our lorB millmo
ffiffiffiffiE the Bep of sepnt ^Saul conclo the tobecbe elpsabetb gooB baue mercp on
the soule anB on al cristen soulps amen Shu fi'li Bei miserere mei amen.
A wood-cut of this brass is given in the Introd.
No.-253,
1401. William Grevel, Wool Merchant, and Wipe.
St. James's, Chipping Campden, Gloucestershire.
A very large brass in the chancel of the church, consisting of the
figures of a merchant and his wife, under a double canopy, the
slender central shaft of which passes between them. The merchant
is dressed as No. 248, and has an ornamented girdle, from which
hangs an anelace : his wife is habited as No. 250. In the ped. of
the canopies are foiled circles containing a merchant's mark, and in
the spandrils are four shields, which bear sa. on a cross engr. or 5 pel-
p

106 BRASSES OF CIVILIANS AND LADIES OF THE 15TH CENTURY.
lets, within a bordure engr. of the second, a mullet for diff. : round
the whole is a marg. inscr. commencing beneath the feet of the
figures. Ifc facet aailetmus fflreuel Be ffiampBenc quonBam ffilufs loriBon 8c tlos
m'catot' lanac' toeius anglle quf obijt pmio Bie mens' ®ctobris an° Biii JWillmo
ffiffiffifl> p'mo ?£< 1§ic facet JStariona bxor pteBfcti effiilelmi que obijt Becimo Bie
mensis Scptembris anno Dnf Jttillmo ffiffiffi" £XXX° bj° ' «§uor' aiab? 
William Grevel rebuilt Campden church.

No. 254.
1401. Margaret Pennebrygg.
St. John Baptist's, Shottesbrooke, Berks.
A figure habited like No. 251, with the end of her girdle, which
is ornamented, hanging down in front, and the ends of the veil on
her head dependent, on each side, to the bosom : two diapered
cushions, which cross each other diagonally, support her head. Part
of a marg. inscr., with the Evang. symb. of SS. Matthew and Mark,
remains. >{< Ecp gist [Bame JWargat que fufst la femme JWonsir JF(nlk)] ^ennebrpgg .
ffibeua[ler prle? put lul a Bleu quilBe salme eit pitfe et mercp. amen.]
See Gough, Sep. Mon., vol. ii. p. 11.
She was the daughter of Sir Wm. Trussel knt., who was the pro
minent person among the commissioners appointed to receive the
resignation of Ed. II. in 1327; and founded here in 1337 a college
and chantry. He was buried in the N. trans, with his wife Maud,
daughter of Sir Wm. Butler, Lord Wemme.

No. 255.
1411. John Barstaple. Trinity Almshouse Chapel, Bristol.
A small figure habited as No. 250, but his girdle is buckled round
the waist. He has a small forked beard and moustaches.
1§fc iacet 3!obcs ISarstaple Purges bllle IButstoll fuBator isti' loci qui obijt
xb° fealii octob' Ira B'ocal' • B • a° • Bo' • m."*"10 cccc™0 • xjmo • ffiui' ale jplriet'
Bs amen.
Beneath is a shield bearing a merchant's mark; and over the
figure was a small single canopy, now lost.

BRASSES OF CIVILIANS AND LADIES OF THE 15TH CENTURY. 107

No. 256.
1411 ? Isabella Barstaple, wife of the above,
from the same Chapel.
A similar brass, and of the same size as the preceding, the canopy
of which is also lost. She is represented in a veil head-dress, with a
barbe, a long gown, with tight sleeves, open up the front, and
secured by a sash.
3§ic iacet Ssabella quonBa bx' fohts ISarstaple que obijt  anno Biii
mlllo • ©ffiffiffi.™"  Ira Bo' calis  ffiui' aie spicfef Bs ante.
Beneath is a shield bearing az. on a fesse betw. 3 roses or, as
many bugle-horns sa., Gayner (?). The figure appears to be a
restored copy of an older one, with shght variations.
No. 257.
1414. Johanna Urban. St. Nicholas's, Southfleet, Kent.
A small fern, figure. Her hair is plaited at each side of the
forehead, and a veil is thrown over her head, and falls down in front
on her shoulders ; she wears a long flowing kirtle with tight mitten-
sleeves, over which is a mantle fastened with a short cordon ; at her
feet is a small dog with a bell collar, and under this, a plate with this
inscr. :
3|ic facet 3obna quonBa Bxor Sobis Urban armigeri filfa Sobts 3Reskemer mi=
Iff Be com ffiomub' cu pu'is suis. que obijt xj°. Bfe 3unf{ a° Biii Jtt°. ffiffiffiffi°.
xflljo pat' atar' giicict' Bsamen.
The whole of the above is supported by a pillar with a foliaged
capital, at the foot of which again is the following couplet :
ffis testis xpe - q' no iacet hie lapis iste,
ffiorp' bt' ornet' ¦ seB spes bt memoret'.
No. 258.
1416. Thomas Stokes Esquire, and Wife.
SS. Mary and Leodgare, Ashby St. Leger's, Northants.
Two small figures under a single ogee canopy, above which rises a
smaller one, which contained a representation of the Holy Trinity, now
lost. The man is in a hood, loose gown, with full sleeves close at
the wrists, and girded at the waist ; the woman wears a long flowing

108 BRASSES OF CIVILIANS AND LADIES OF THE 1 5TH CENTURY.
gown girded at the waist, with full sleeves close at the wrists, cuffs,
and the veil h. dr. From their hands proceed scrolls, inscribed,
parce nobis Bomine  miserere nostti Bomine.
At their feet is the following :
3|ic facent ©bomas Stokes armig' qui obijt xbiij0 • Hie mensfs aprilis anno Bni
JWillo ffiffiffiffi" xbj° ' 3Et 1£lena bx' eius ac ^pueri eoriiBem quor' atab? jjicieutr
Beus amen.
Under the above are the figures of four sons and twelve dau.
kneeling, and wearing long loose gowns, girded at the waist.

No. 259.
1419. Margaret Cheyne. St. Peter's, Hever, Kent.
The figure of a lady, attired as No. 257 : her head, which rests
on two cushions embroidered with a running pattern of leaves and
supported by two angels in girded albes, has the horned h. dr. At
her feet is a little dog with a bell collar.
l|fc iacet JBtargareta quonBa bxor SSillmi ffibepne <§ue obijt xxiij0 Bie mensis
augusti anno Bomini JUitllmo. ffiffiffiffi°. xix". ffiuius ale jpiciet' Beus amen.
No. 260.
c. 1420. John Staverton ? and Wife.
All Saints', Eyke, Suffolk.
The man is habited in a hood, a long loose gown slit up a short
way in front, with long sleeves, and over it a mantle buttoned on
the right shoulder. The lady is dressed as No. 258. The heads of
both figures are gone, and of the marg. inscr. the following words
only remain :  ale jpfeletur Bs ami.
In Cotman's Brasses of Suffolk, p. 11, this is supposed to comme
morate John Staverton and wife. He was Baron of the Exchequer
in 1413, and was dead in 1428.
No. 261.
1429. John Thomas. All Saints', Lydd, Kent.
A figure dressed like No. 258. His gown is a little slit up in
front at the bottom. From his mouth proceeded a scroll, of the

BRASSES OF CIVILIANS AND LADIES OF THE 15TH CENTURY. 109-
inscr. on which only 3fi . . . . remains. Beneath the feet is the
following inscr. :
Tkic facet iobes ©bomas qui obfjt quarto Bfe Nouembt1 arnioBiif Jtt°ffiffiffiffi°
xxix" cui' ate gfiief Beus amen.

No. 262.
1432. Nicholas Carrew Esquire, and Wife.
St. Mary's, Beddington, Surrey.
Two large figures under a double canopy, with embattled entabla
ture : the husband is in a tunic or gown reaching nearly to the
ancles, slit up a short way in front, lined with fur, and girded ; the
sleeves are deep, and tight at the wrists ; his feet rest on a grey
hound : his wife is in a long gown, short waisted, with girdle, and
deep sleeves close at the wrists, and the collar turned back ; she
wears also a mitred or horned h. dr. > at her feet is a small dog with
a bell-collar. There were five shields, but the fifth is gone. : I. or,
3 lions pass, in pale sa., armed and langued gu., Carew; II. Carew
imp. gu. 2 hons pass. ar. Delamar. III. as I. IV. gone. On
another shield, forming the pendant of the arches of the canopy,
Carew imp. 3 Cath. wheels. There is a marg. inscr., with Evang.
symb., as foUows :
<%t In gracia 8c mfserfcorBfa Bef hfe facent corpora iKfchoIai ffiarrero armigctf
8c Biii quonBam bulus bille Esabelle bxoris sue et ©home filtj eoriiBem qui quiDcm
Nicholaus sencx 8c plentis Biei' in pace quieutt (UJuario. Bie mens' Septembris anno
Bomini JWfUmo. ffiffiffiffi". xxxf j" 
The above, son of Nich. de Carew, Lord Keeper to Ed. III., was
sheriff of Surrey and knt. of the shire in several parliaments under
Rich. II. His wife died many years before him, and he then mar
ried Mercia, dau. of Steph. Heyme, for whom Henry Sever (see No.
71) by his will, 1471, ordered an obit to be observed for ever in
Merton Coll.
No. 263.
1433. Elizabeth Slypeld.
St. Nicholas's, Great Bookham, Surrey.
In the chancel, under the floor of a pue, is the small brass of a
lady attired as the foregoing.
3§ic facet lElijabetl)" nup bx1 ©home SlpfelB' ac quonBa bx' ffieorgij IBretoes
armig'i ffilfe lEBroatBf Sepnt iobn uiilft'. que obfjt xxiii j" Bie mes' augusti ao
Biii Jtt°. fiij. xxxifj".

110 BRASSES OF CIVILIANS AND LADIES OF THE 15TH CENTURY.
No. 264.
1436. John Martyn, Judge, and Wife.
All Saints', Graveney, Kent.
A beautiful brass, consisting of two large figures under a fine
double canopy: the Judge is in his robes, and holds a heart, on
which is inscribed 3)bu JSlcp ; his feet rest on a lion. The lady wears
an ornamented horned h. dr., a kirtle with tight sleeves, and a mantle ;
at her feet is a small dog in a bell collar. Round their heads are
scrolls inscribed,
Jttiserere mei Beus : secunBum magnam misericorBiam tuam,,
ffit scBm multituBine mfsetacionu tuaru : Belt iniquitatem nostram.
In the spandrils of the canopy were four shields ; one only remains,
and bears sa. 3 covered cups or, Boteler : another shield is lost from
the shaft of the centre pinnacle. Under the figures is the following
inscr. :
Inclines oclm : me eonsplce marmore ptessum, ® birsumspeclm: mortfspmago
tuum,
Nunc flens prospfcfto: stans ora sepe memento, JBlagnitteam imam: mors
inopina rapit,
ante fui iuBex : iam tuBicfs ante tribunal, TRcsponBcns panco iuBicor : ipe moBo,
©ransit lux bbl lex : bbt laus mea fama stlescunt, Ymmo bix nomen : box semf=
uiua sonat,
Non sum quf fueram : bfBuata caro sepelitut, ae prlus acta male : mens reno=
uanBa luit,
Nam post came mea : Botatus luce superna, fficrnerc spero Beum : te salutare
meum,
There is a marg. inscr. as foUows :
1§(c latent Sohnes JWartpn quonBam IJnusiust  BnlHUgisBe cof IBanco.
Cgui obijt JfcTfcesimo. quarto. Bie mensis ©ctobris anno ...  ffiffiffiffi". xxxbj.0
€Bt anno HUgni Ifcegis 1$enrici Sexti post eonquestii anglfe figulntoBecimo. ac eciam
anna bxor eius. Cgue obijt  Bie mensis  anno BiU Jttillesimo
ffiffiffi©0  tfguor' aiabj spicletur Beus amen.
An inscr. in Hackington Church, Kent, very similar to that under
the figures, is given in Parsons's Kentish Mon., p. 163; it com
memorates Roger Manwood, Chief Baron, 1592. The wife was the
dau. and heiress of John Boteler Esquire, and brought her husband
the manor of Ewell Court ; after his death she retained this in dower,
and married Thomas Borgeys Esquire, whom she survived, and died
in 1458. Hasted's Kent, vol. ii. p. 705. There was a brass to
Thomas Borgeys in the same church, the marg. inscr. of which stiU
remains : he died in 1452.

BRASSES OF CIVILIANS AND LADIES OF THE 15TH CENTURY. Ill
No. 265.
1437. John Bacon, Wool Merchant, and Wipe.
All Hallows', Barking, London.
Two small figures, habited as No. 262 ; the merchant wears also
low boots laced at the sides, and stands on a woolpack. Over the
figures is a heart, on which is inscribed JSlercp ; and, encircling it, is
a scroU, the ends of which proceed from the mouths of the figures,
with these inscr. in raised letters : from the man,
Shit fili Bei miserere mei,
from the woman, JWater Bel memento mei.
Beneath the figures is the following, also in raised letters :
^ic iacet 3fohes 38acon quonB'm ffiiufs 8c eWoIman lonBoii qui obijt bjo Bfe
JWens' Jttatj a° Biil JWillmo ffiffiffiffi" xxxbtj" ffit 3oha fix' eius • 4§uot' alab?
jpiclet' Be' amen.
No. 266.
1439. Edmund Forde Esquire.
St. Mary's, Swainswick, Somerset.
A smaU figure, habited as No. 262 ; he has a short forked beard
and moustaches ; an anelace hangs from his girdle ; the ground on
which he stands is ornamented with foliage. Three scroUs, which
surround his head, are thus inscribed :
ffircBo qB' reBemptor meus shut :
1£t in nouissfmo Bie Be t'ra sunecturus sum
TEt in came mea biBebo Beit saluatore meu.
Beneath the figure is this inscr. :
©rate p aia lEBmiiBl florBe Be Stoapnestopae armfgr' qui obijt xbij" Bfe
ffcbruarij • %° Biii JWffiffifflffi0 XXXIX" TEt : %° regnl llegfs 1|enrici bj" post con=
questii xbiij" cui' aie jjiiclet' Be'.
No. 267.
1439. Sir John Juyn, Chief Justice.
Sr. Mary's Redcliff, Bristol.
In the Lady-chapel is the figure of a Judge in his robes ;

112 BRASSES OF CIVILIANS AND LADIES OF THE 15TH CENTURY.
under him is the following inscr. in raised letters, the parts in
brackets being hidden by pues :
Juste Beus ¦ pactens luBex • mfscrere Slobannis :
3fupn qui ius faciens [ JBtiles fuft ejus in armis :]
17rbe HUcorBator fuft bac ¦ IBaro Scctoq? :
Sumus et in ISanco 3uB[ex capitalts utroque :]
Susiiciam • boluit cofixam cu pietate :
JBliliciam coluit subnfxa[m nobilitatc :]
Suste ibii • fottis miles • lam jpiciatus :
lEsto • fores mortis sibi c[lauBe remltte rcatus:]
Beneath is a shield bearing these arms ; Baron and Femme, the
first, of two coats ? per fesse, a demi-lion ramp., the second, 7 roundels,
3, 3, and 1, imp. a lion ramp. ; two other shields are probably under
the pues ; one of them bearing, or, a fess az. betw. 3 unicorns' heads
couped, within a bordure, ar., Juyn ? quart, a lion ramp. Round the
whole, in raised letters, is a marg. inscr., a part of which is also
hidden by pues • a peculiar ornament fiUs up the space between each
word. 3|ic iacet Sobes 3mpn [fBUles rapiialis justicfatius Bomfni regis aB placita
coram ipso rege tenenBa quf obijt] xxxiiij Bie JWarcij anno Biii JBlillmo ffiffiffiffi°
xxxii" ffiui' aie jnicietur Be' amen. See Barret's Hist, of Bristol, p. 587.

No. 268.
c. 1440, db. 1395. Lady Philippa Halsham.
St. George's, West Grinstead, Sitssex.
A weU executed fern, figure similar to No. 264, but with plain
h. dr. : above is a single canopy. Part of a marg. inscr. remains
as follows :
[Ijfc Iacet philippa quonBam uxor 3Sobts T$alsbam armfgeti et una filfa'um et
bereB' BabfBfs Be Stvabolge nup' coin's] Be atbcll que obijt piimo Bfe Noutmbris
anno Biii JflJUlImo ffiffiffi" [Ixxxxb. cui' an'e piopfciet' Beus.]
See C. C. Society's Illustr. of Mon. Brasses, partii. p. 41.
A shield also remains with these arms; quart., 1st and 4th, a chevr.
engr. betw. 3 lions' heads erased, (leopards' faces, Halsham ? ;) 2nd
and 3rd, a lion ramp., over all a fesse, imp. paly of 6 or. and sa.,
Strabolgie. Philippa Halsham was the dau. of Elizabeth Ferrers,
(No. 245), and her first husband was Sir Ralph Percy.

BRASSES OF CIVILIANS AND LADIES OF THE 15TH CENTURY. 113
No. 269.
c. 1440. Saint Ethelred, King and Martyr.
Wimborne Minster, Dorset.
A small demi-figure crowned, in a royal robe, viz., a loose cloak
with a tippet of ermine ; in his left hand is a sceptre, the head of
which is gone, and his right rests on his breast.
In hoc loco qviescit corpvs Sa Ethelredi regis west saxonvm Mar-
TYRIS QVI ANO DNI 873 23 DIE APRILIS PER MAHVS DACORVM PAGANORVM OC-
CVBVIT. Under this is a shield bearing a cross patonce. The inscr., which
is on a copper plate, is much more modern than the figure : the date
which it bears is incorrect, as S. Ethelred was martyred A.D. 872.
No. 270.
1443. Thomas Berwyk.
iS^. Mary Magdalene's, East Hampstead, Berks.
In the chancel is a smaU demi-figure in a gown, secured by a
girdle buckled at the waist, with close sleeves.
©rate pro aia ©home 3Setropk nup in societate - JIW - 3) Boteler Be ffiapella
megis • 1 • bj" qui obijt in bigilia Sei anBree anno xpf JWfUo ffiffiffiffi" xliij" cui'
ate miclet' Be' amen.
No. 271.
1444. Margaret Dyneley.
St. Denys's, Stanford Dingley, Berks.
A smaU fern, figure, habited as No. 262.
Subfacet hoc lapfBe • JSlergret Bpnelep tumulata
dtuonB'm eSSlllmi Bpnelep . confux bocitata
armfgerf UUgis, moBo b'mibus esca pamta
JW • Bni • ffi • quater ¦ quater ¦ x • quater • 3 ¦ caBit ilia
Uom.im festo - Sesus ergo sui memor esto.
" Some difficulty arises in determining the date here given, from
the fact of there being two SS. Romanus in the English Calendar
before the Reformation, one commemorated on the 9th of August, the
other on the 23rd of October. It seems most likely that the 9th of
«

114 BRASSES OF CIVILIANS AND LADIES OF THE 15TH CENTURY.
August is the day mentioned in the inscr., because there is evidently
a connection in the writer's mind between the words • cadit Ula
Romani festo,' and ' Jesus ergo sui memor esto.' As the service
for the festival of the name of Jesus (August 7th) was repeated
during the whole of the octave, and consequently on St. Romanus's
day, the memory of Romanus would thus be associated from time to
time with the name of our Lord." See Proceedings of the Society,
Lent Term, 1843, p. 7.

No. 272.
1446. John Olyver and Wife.
All Saints', Naseby, Northants.
Of these figures, the former, whose head is lost, is habited as No.
265 : the wife is in' a long flowing gown with loose sleeves and
girded, over which is a mantle ; on her head is a veil h. dr. The
inscr. (which is lost ?) is thus given in Bridges's Hist, of Northants,
vol. i. p. 578.
3§fc jacent SSohes ffilpber 3Jun(or qui quiBem Johannes obiit bicesimo quarto Bie
mensis aupsti anno Bni -JWilmo ffiffiffiffi" xlbj" et agnes uxor ejus que obiit
 Bie mensis  anno Biii JWillimo ffiffiffiffi"  quorum
animabus propicietur Beus amen.
No. 273.
c. 1450. A Lady.
SS. Peter and Paul, Lingfield, Surrey.
A small and elegant fem. figure in a long gown with full hanging
sleeves, and girded ; her hair, long and flowing over her shoulders,
is bound with a jewelled fillet; at her feet is a small dog with the
bell-coUar. The inscr. is lost. No. 274.
1460. Thomas Harecourt and Nicholas Atherton Esquires.
All Saints', Stanton Harcourt, Oxon.
Two small male figures, habited like No. 262, except that the
sleeves are not so full : above them is a shield bearing these arms :

BRASSES OF CIVILIANS AND LADIES OF THE 15TH CENTURY. 115
gu. 2 bars or, Harcourt, imp. bendy of 6 : under each of the figures
is an inscr. as follows :
3|ic iacet in tumba ©bomas l|arecourt atmig' qui obijt fij»B(e Hebtuarfj a° Biii
Jtt° ffifflffiffio fo° cuius anime miciet' Beus ame.
Ifc facet simflf m' Nihus atherton armig' qui obfjt xxbjo Bie ®ctob"a° Biii
Jtt° ffiffiffiffi" liiij» cui' ale spiclet' Be' amen.
Beneath are three children, one a son habited as above, and two
dau. in the horned h. dr., and short-waisted gowns with tight
sleeves. Their names, which were subscribed, are lost.

No. 275.
c. 1460. A Civilian.

A fine figure of a man habited as No. 262, but the sleeves of his
gown are not so full, and he wears a furred collar : his shoes and
hose are of one piece. The inscr. is lost.

No. 276.
c. 1460. Susanna Arderne. St. Bartholomew's, Leigh, Surrey.
A very small fern, figure habited like the children of No. 274.
Above is a scroll inscribed :
JWercp 3Shu 8c grattntm'cp,
At her feet :
lie iacet Susanna fttlia lohts atBerae armig'i 8c ISujabetb bx'is Sue ffiui' ate
gifefetur Beus amen.
No. 277.
1467. Sir Peter Arderne, Judge, and Lady.
St. John Baptist's, Latton, Essex.
On an altar-tomb in the N. Chantry, are the figures of a judge
and his wife ; the former in his robes, the latter wears a horned
h. dr., a kirtle with tight sleeves, over it a sideless gown, and over
all a mantle fastened by a tasselled cordon. Four shields remain,
bearing these arms : I. paly of 6 or and gu. (az. ?) on a chief ar.,
3 lozenges of the 2nd, the centre one charged with a chess-rook of
the 1st, Arderne; II. a bend cotised betw. 6 lions ramp., a muUet
for diff., (Bohun?); III. on a bend 3 mullets; IV. a chevr. engr.
betw. 3 chess-rooks. The chamfer inscr. is lost ; the following,

116 BRASSES OF CIVILIANS AND LADIES OF THE 15TH CENTURY.
which was written on a piece of vellum, framed, and suspended on
the tomb, is probably a copy of it. See Gough, vol. ii. p. 217.
1|ic subter petra : benetanBus bfr humatur,
TEtte Bocent metra ; petrus arBern . . bocatur,
lEonBinlis stuBuit : fn fama crebit oplmus,
liege cl'icusq' fuit : post in sacc'io IBato primus.
ac post Susticiatius : in banco resiBebat :
KeBBere juBicia : pro nullo justa ttmebat.
Bitabit multis : banc eBem quam fabticabit.
Beprecor ut bultis : ^salmum jam Bicete BablB.
©ransiit a munBo junlt lucente secunBo,
JBlllle quaBrlngent' ttes Bemptis septuageno.
JWetra ffiapellanus scrfpsit : si quarete curas
Nomcn ei Stephanus . . intales (mortales ?) aBBe figuras.

No. 278.
1467. John Andrew, Thomas Palmer, and "their Wife."
SS. Martin and Gregory, Wye, Kent.
In the nave is this fine brass, much worn, representing a lady
between her two husbands, all habited like No. 262. The lower
part of one of the male figures is lost. There is a group of 3 (?)
sons and 6 dau. remaining.
Sobti anBreto iusttts ©bomas 'Palmer cr? bcnust',
¦ffixemptt seclo clauBuf marmoro Buro,
ffiousors 8c sfmtlem Imitatur aiicia claBem,
Vt butant xpo non immemor te p'cot esto,
No. 279.
1 470. Geoffrey Joslyne and Wives.
St. Michael's, Sawbridgeworth, Herts.
In front of the altar are figures of a man and his two wives, one
on each side. The former is habited in a long gown edged with fur
and with loose sleeves ; a rosary depends from his girdle. His
wives, both dressed alike, are in long gowns, which are girded, have
tight bodies and sleeves, and fur cuffs ; they wear also a fur tippet,
and the wire h. dr. ; both are turned towards their husband.
lit iacet ffialfriBus Sloslpne et batevina ac 31ohana bxor' ci' qi . . obijt xx° Bie
mensis ianuartj anno Biii JW° ffiffiffiffi" l,v.v° quor' a 

BRASSES OF CIVILIANS AND LADIES OF THE 15TH CENTURY. 117
No. 280.
c. 1470. A Lady. St. Saviour's, Dartmouth, Devon.
A small fern, figure habited as the last. No inscr. remains.
No. 281.
1472. Cecilia Kydwelly. St. Peter's, Little Wittenham, Berks.
A figure dressed as No. 279, but with the horned h. dr.
Tfjlc iacet ffiicltfa nupet bxor ffialfriBi UpBroellp que obfjt penultimo Bie mensis
JBlaij anno Biii JBUllio ffiffiffi©- Ixxij0 ffiuius aie propfcietur Beus amen.
No. 282.
1474. Bobert Parnell and Wipe.
St. Luke's, Spratton, Northants.
Two smaU figures : the man is habited in a long gown with close
sleeves, sht up at the bottom in front, and edged with fur ; a hood
is thrown over his right shoulder. His wife, attired as the fore
going, is turned towards him.
3|ic iacent l&obertus parnell 8c Sohana bx' efus qufBe lHobertus obfjt fx Bfe
iamtarij ano Biii millmo ffiffiffiffi" Ixxiiij quor' atab? jpiciet' Be' amen.
Beneath are five sons and four dau.
No. 283.
c. 1475. A Notary. St. Mary Tower Church, Ipswich.
A large figure of a man standing on a mound, on which a scull
and some bones he scattered. He wears a long gown faced with
fur, and having loose sleeves; a hood is thrown over his left
shoulder. From the right side of his girdle depend an inkhorn and
an ornamented pen-case : a scroU, placed on his breast, bears this
inscr. : IReposita est bee spes mea t sfnu meo
Sea ttlnftas bn' Be' miserere mei.
Above was an elegant canopy supported by slender shafts ; and at
equal distances down each side were small scroUs, one of which
remains, and is inscribed, ©ibi laus, tibi glia.
There were also a marg. inscr. and a shield beneath the figure,
both now lost.

118 BBASSES OF CIVILIANS AND LADIES OF THE 15TH CENTURY.
No. 284.
1480. John Coblegh and Wives.
St. Urith's, Chittlehampton, Devon.
Three small figures of a man and his two wives, similar to No.
279 ; but the man is without a rosary.
H|ic iacet Dobcs ffioblegh" et iisahella bxor ei' nup' bxor IRobetti ffiorneto amtig't
que qufBm 3Ssabella obijt xxj° Bie ©etobr' a° Biii JW° ffiffiffiffi" libj" ct ifobanna
bxor p'Bci Sobts ffioblegh" q' qutBm iohanna obijt bltio Bie Septcbit' %° Brii JW°
ffiffiffiffi" lxxx° q°r' atab? rpiciet' Be' amen.
Beneath is the figure of a dau.
No. 285.
c. 1480. A Civilian and his Wives.
St. Mary's, Ufford, Suffolk.
Four small figures of a civilian and three wives. The upper half
of the man is gone ; he is habited in a long gown ; over his right
shoulder is a hood, and to his girdle is affixed a gypciere. The
wives are attired like No. 279 ; one of them is turned towards her
husband ; the other two wear the horned h. dr., and are not turned
sdwys. There are two small portions of the Evang. symb. remain
ing, but the inscr. is lost. No. 286.
c. 1480. A Lady. St. Nicholas's, Newington, Kent.
A small demi-figure, attired like No. 279. No inscr.

No. 287.
c. 1480. A Civilian. All Saints', Turvey, Beds.
A small figure of a man, habited as No. 279 : from his mouth
proceeds a scroll, on which is inscribed :
figuisquis eris qui transfcvfs sta perlcge plota,
Sum quoB eris ftieram que quoB cs p mc precov ova.
The inscr. at the feet is lost.

BRASSES OF CIVILIANS AND LADIES OF THE 15TH CENTURY. 119
No. 288.
c. 1480. A Civilian and Wife.
St. Bartholomew's, Orford, Suffolk.
Two small figures of a man and his wife, attired like No. 279.
The latter has a rosary hanging over her arm. Inscr. lost.
No. 289.
c. 1480. John Jay and Wife. St. Mary's, Redcliff, Bristol.
Two large figures, under a double canopy with groining, and
habited as No. 279. The man has a rosary and gypciere at his
girdle : the wife wears the horned h. dr.
3|fc iacent 3lobes Sap quonBam bicecomcs istius bttle 8c Hobanna bx' ef q1 quf=
Bern 3obes obfjt  Bie mens'  a° Biii JW° ffiffiffiffi Ixxx" 
<£uor' aialrj gHcfet' Be' ante.
Underneath the man are six sons, habited as himself; and under
the fem. eight dau., five of whom wear the wired h. dr. ; the other
three have round caps. In the spandrils of the canopy are two
shields, one bearing a merchant's mark, the other a winnowing fan ? ;
and beneath the chUdren are two shields, bearing the same devices.
No. 290.
1483. Geoffrey Kidwelly Esquire.
St. Peter's, Little Wittenham, Berks.
On an altar-tomb on the N. side of the Chancel is the figure of a
man, habited as No. 283, with a rosary and gypciere in his girdle :
from his mouth proceeds a scroU thus inscribed, in raised letters :
JSlfsetere mei Beus.
and on either side of it is a shield, which bears the foUowing arms ;
az. a wolf salient ar., collared gu. Kidwelly, quart. — defaced. Be
neath the figure is this inscr. in raised letters, and reversed :
life facet ffialfriis HtfBtoellp armfg' quf obfjt t'cioBecimo Bfe mens' JUtarcij a°
Bni JWlllmo ffiffiffiffi0 lxxxiij° 8c anno Kegni IRegfs 3&fct tercfj post conquests
anglie p'mo ffiuf aie jpfefeur Beus amen.

120 BRASSES OF CIVILIANS AND LADIES OF THE 15TH CENTURY.
No. 291.
1485. Geoffrey Porter and Wife.
St. Mary's, Little Walsingham, Norfolk.
Two small figures of a man and his wife ; the man is habited as
No. 282, but without a hood ; at his girdle is a gypciere : the fem.
is attired as No. 279, and has a long girdle.
®tate p aiab? ffialft'f porter 8c IBeatric' bx' ei' q' q'Bem ffialfriB' obijt xxiij Bie
octobr' a" Jtt" ffiffiffiffi" Ixxxb" cui' aie
rpieiet' Be'.
No. 292.
c. 1485. Edith Chaunceler.
St. Mary's, Higham Ferrers, Northants.
A figure habited in a long flowing gown with tight sleeves and
fur cuffs, over which is a mantle fastened with a tasseUed cordon ;
she also wears the barbe and the veil h. dr.
3|ic iacet Bna TEBitba ffibau[nceler quoBm bxor 3lobis] ffibaunccler Be ISensbam
mar[catot ffiuius ale mulct' Be' ante.] See Gough, Sep. Mon., vol. ii. p. 333.
No. 293.
1486. Roger Perot. All Saints' , Snodland, Kent.
A small figure, habited as No. 279, with a rosary and gypciere at
his girdle : from his mouth proceeds a scroU with this inscr. :
3bu JUtercp 3Jhu mercp mercp 3bu,
There are two shields, each bearing these arms ; per fesse, counter-
changed, a lion ramp., crowned.
®rate p ata IRogert ^erot qui obijt xbij Bie mens' Septebris a" Bni JW" ffiffiffiffi
Ixxxbj" ffiuius anime jpicielur Be' amen.
No. 294.
1487. Edward Bischoptre and Wife.
All Saints' , Snodland, Kent.
Two small figures of a man and his wife, facing each other ; they
are habited as No. 279, but the man wears a hood over his right

BRASSES OF CIVILIANS AND LADIES OF THE 15TH CENTURY. 121
shoulder, and a gypciere at his girdle ; the wife has a long orna
mented girdle, and her gown is gathered up under her left arm.
©rate p aiabus TEBtoarBi IBtschoptre 8c margarete bx' ei' q' q'Bem lEBbwrBus
obijt p'mo Bie mes' Septebs et Bca margareta obijt xbj" Bfe mes' Nouebrfs a" BRi
JW° ffiffiffiffi- taxbij" q»r' Blab? giicietur Be' amen.
No. 295.
c. 1490. William Smyth and Wives.
St. Michael's, Bray, Berks.
The figures of a man and his two wives, one on either side of
him ; he wears a long gown with loose sleeves and furred cuffs, and
a plain girdle, from which a gypciere and rosary depend. The
wives wear veil h. dr., long gowns cut square at the neck, with tight
sleeves and furred cuffs ; long and ornamented girdles are buckled
in front.
©rate ^ro animabus cffiillt Smpth" agnet' et JttatllBa bxoru eius 4§ul qui=
Bern aaillius obfjt  quoru aiabus micfet' Be' ame.
Beneath are groups of seven sons and five dau.
No. 296.
1490. Philip Bosard Gent., and Wife.
St. Mary's, Ditchingham, Norfolk.
Two smaU figures of a man and his wife, turned towards each
other, and habited as No. 279. The man has a rosary and gypciere
at his girdle ; at his feet are four sons. The wife, whose hands are
extended, has five dau. at her feet.
©rate p aia ^bilipt IBosarB ffien'osi q' obijt xfci" Bie Becembr' a" Bn' _pi°
ffiffiffiffi" xe° 3Et p ata JWargerie bx'fs sue q6 obijt  Bie a" Bn' JW
 quor' aiab? mieiet' Be' ame.
No. 297.
c. 1490. A Lady. St. Mary's, Luton, Beds.
A figure under a mutilated triple canopy with groining : she is
turned sdwys., and habited as No. 292. The inscr. is gone.
No. 298.
c. 1490. Thomas Andrews Merchant, and Wipe.
Holy Trinity Church, Charwelton, Northants.
A fine brass of peculiar execution, (see No. 188,) consisting of two
large figures of a man and his wife, with their faces turned towards

122 BRASSES OF CIVILIANS AND LADIES OF THE 15TH CENTURY.
each other, under rich double canopies. The merchant is habited as
No. 282 ; over his left shoulder is a hood, and a rosary and gypciere
are at his girdle ; one of his feet rests on a dog, and the other on
a lamb. His wife is habited in a long loose gown, furred at the
edges, gathered up under the left arm, with tight sleeves reaching
to the knuckles, and a fur tippet ; her h. dr. consists of a circular cap
of ermine, turned up in front, and with ornamented lappets. Beneath
is the following inscr., in raised letters :
3En ©home ossa anBretoe bee eotinet fossa : Be tena facta p'tinus in terra reBacta :
ffiiuib? scot' me fungat rex angtlor' :
JWargeria censors sternitur sub isto coloso: aiam set llnquens Beo sibf trino 8c
bno : migrates t spe tecom fn et'nu gauBere.
Underneath are five sons and three dau. ; the sons all have a
gypciere at their girdles, and one of them wears a hood. There is
also a shield bearing the arms of Andrewe, see No. 188. Over the
canopy is a similar shield, with mantling and helmet, on which was
a moor's head in profile ppr., between two angels. Surrounding
the whole is a marg. inscr., with the Evang. symb., two of which
are gone.
l^fc facent SThomas anBretoe mercator  anno Bni milli'mo
ffiffiffiCC0  quor' aiabus Beus cui mriu est [semper misereri patcere] mt=
cletur amen.
Thomas Andrew married Margery dau. of Ric. ClareU of Edgcote,
Esq., and died Nov. 15th, 1496. See Baker's Hist, of Northants,
vol. i. p. 302.

No. 299.
1492? William Basset, and Wipe.
St. Bartholomew's, Blore, Staffordshire.
The head of the husband is gone ; he is habited in a long loose
gown open up the front, faced with fur, and with loose sleeves.
His wife, who is turned towards him, is habited as No. 272. There
is a marg. inscr, with the Evang. symb., two of which, (SS. Mark
and Luke,) together with a portion of the inscr., are gone.
>J< ©rate pro animabus cOTillml IBasset avmigevi Biii Be IBloic TEt langelep et
Jlohanne bxoils eius bna filtau ethevcBmn IRfcarBf  
Bni Slobanna obiit  Bie mensis  anno Bni JSlillfo ffiffiffiffi
 quot' animabus ^io 

BRASSES OF CIVILIANS AND LADIES OF THE 15TH CENTURY. 123

No. 300.
1493. Thomas Broke, and Wife.
St. Margaret's, Barking, Essex.
Two small figures of a man and his wife, habited as No. 279 ; but
the wife wears the horned h. dr.
3§te Sacent ©bom's IBroke 8c allcia bxor eius qui quiBem ©homas obfjt b» Bie
mensis fMtttarfj anno Bnt Jtt" ffiffiffiffi" Ixxxx" iij" quotum animabus micletur
Beus a JW IE N.
No. 301.
1495. Thomas Wylliams Gent., and Wipe.
St. Helen's, Bishopgate, London.
The figures face each other: the man is habited as No. 299,
having a rosary and gypciere at his girdle : the wife as No. 295,
with an early specimen of the ped. h. dr. Beneath is an inscr. as
foUows, the prayer for mercy being erased :
?|ic iacet ©bomas iKRplliams fficnetos' et JBtargaceta bxor eius qui qufBe
©homas obijt xbj0 Bie mens' Sanuarij a° Biii jflST ffiffiffiffi" Ixxxxb" ffit p'Bicta
JWargareta obijt  Bfe mens'  anno Bin jfBl" ffiffiffiffi 
quorum [animabus propicietur Beus amen.]
No. 302.
1498. John Snellyng, and Wife.
St. Martin's, East Horsley, Surrey.
On the north side of the chancel are the small .figures , of a man
and his wife facing each other, and habited as those of the preceding
example ; but the lady is without the long girdle.
prap for the Sorollfs of Myu Snellpng 8c alps bps ropfe the tohpcb BcsecpB the
bfij Bap of ffeuerpH in the per of otoc' lorBe JW ffiffiffiffi" Ixxxxbiij on tohse Sotollis
goB haue jJWercp.
Beneath are the figures of six sons and five dau.
In the vestry of the same church is an inscr. on brass to Thomas
Snelling and Jone his wife, 1504, with the figures of eight sons and
five dau. beneath. The larger figures are now lost, but were ap
parently remaining in 1804.

1 24 BRASSES OF CIVILIANS AND LADIES OF THE 15TH CENTURY.
No. 303.
1498. John Rusche Gent. All Hallows', Barking, London.
A large figure turned sdwys., habited as No. 299, with a rosary
and gypciere at his girdle, and a very diminutive dog between his
feet. Beneath is this inscr., the last clause being erased :
1§ic facet 3iobannes IRuscbc fficnerosus qui obfjt ©ctatto Bie JUtesis maij
anno Bomini JWillto ffiffiffiffi0 Ixxxxbifj" [ffiuius aie micfetur Be' ami.]
No. 304.
c. 1500. A Civilian, and Wife.
St. James's, Southelmham, Suffolk.
The wife on the right hand of her husband. He wears the usual
long gown open up the front and fastened by a plain girdle, to the
front of which a gypciere is attached. The wife is dressed as No. 295.
The inscr. is gone. No. 305.
c. 1500. A Civilian, and Wife.
Holy Trinity Church, Middleton, Suffolk.
In the nave are the smaU figures of a man and his wife, facing
each other. The former has flowing hair, and wears a long gown
open up the front, faced with fur, and secured by a girdle, which has
a gypciere ; the sleeves are loose, and furred at the cuffs. The fem.
figure is habited like No. 295, but has a plain ped. h. dr. and girdle.
The inscr. is lost. No. 306.
c. 1500? John Spicer. St. Mary's, Worstead, Norfolk.
A figure habited as No. 304, and wearing a rosary at his right
side. The inscr. is in large characters.
lie lapis in pannfs Spicer tegit ossa 3Johis : figuf
CguaBtlm Bomino plus. x°. 1°. et JSl". meat anno.
The figure appears to be of later date than 1440, but is perhaps
somewhat earlier than 1500.

BRASSES OF CIVILIANS AND LADIES OF THE 16TH CENTURY. 125
No. 307.
c. 1500. A Civilian.
SS. Mary and Bartholomew, Hampton in Arden, Warwickshire.
The smaU figure of a civilian hke No. 305, and having a rosary
and gypciere. The inscr. is gone. No. 308.
1504. William Thorp, Mercer, and Wife.
St. Mary's, Higham Ferrers, Northants.
The husband is habited like No. 305, the wife as No. 292, but
without a tasseUed cordon. From their mouths are scrolls, inscribed,
^ater Be ffielis Beus mfserere nobis— Seta trinitas bn' Beu' misere nobis.
Above, on a shield, are the arms of the Mercers' Company (see
Introd.). At the upper corners are the Evang. symb. of SS. Matt.
and John.
Prap for the soull' of cKfll'm ©borpe JWarcer anB JWarion his topfe tobicb
astfll'm BecessiB the bth Bap of ©ctobec the pere of oute lorB JM' bc iiij on tohose
soullps ihu baue mercp.
Below are six sons and as many dau., facing each other.
No. 309.
1505. Roger Bozard Gent., and Son.
St. Mary's, Ditchingham, Norfolk.
Two figures habited hke No. 305. The son is about half the size
of his father, and is placed on his left hand.
©rate p aia 3Rogeti 18o?arB ffien'osf 8c cfflillml $5o?arB filfj ei' q> quiBcm Hoger'
obfjt xuij" Bfe JWes' septebr' a° Bo' JW° ©ffiffiffiffi" b° cut' aie gitciet' B's.
No. 310.
1506. Thomas Baldry Merchant, Robert Wymbyll Notary,
AND " THEIR WlPE.'
St. Mary Tower Church, Ipswich.
A fem. figure as No. 295, between her two husbands, who are
dressed as No. 305 ; one of them has a good example of a gypciere

126 BRASSES OF CIVILIANS AND LADIES OF THE 16TH CENTURY.
at his girdle ; the other, of which a cut is given in the Introd., has
a pen- case. On scroUs from their mouths :
Seta trinitas bnus Beus miserere nobis  Sps scte Beus miserere nobis
 flli teBemtor muBi Beus miserere nobis.
Beneath the figures is this inscr. :
@f poure charite prap for the soull of alps late the topfe of ©homas IBalBrp mar=
chant sumtpme the topfe of master Btobert cfflpmbpll Notari tobicb alps. BecessiB
the fiij'h Bap of august the pete of oure lorB tboussanB ffiffiffiffi® bj on tohose soull"
fhu haue metcp anB on all cristin soullts amen.
Beneath are the Mercers' arms imp. Baldry's merchant's mark:
also five dau. and four sons, in two groups.

No. 311.
1506. Johanna Decons. St. Mary's, White Waltham, Berks.
A fem. figure turned sdwys., and wearing a ped. h. dr. with orna
mented lappets ; a gown fitting tight to the body and arms, cut
square at the neck, with fur cuffs ; and a girdle with a tasseUed
chain attached to it with three rosettes at the junction. Above, on
a shield, are these arms, gu. on a fesse betw. 6 martlets or, a muUet
pierced sa. Beauchamp, Beds.
©rate pro aia Hobamte Betons nup bxotis IRicarBl Becons armigeri et filte ac
bereBis ©home IBeauchamp armigeri que obijt xxx" Bie augusti anno Bni JIT10
quingentesimo sexto.

No. 312.
1506? Alice Clifton ?
SS. Peter and Paul, Coleshill, Warwickshire.
A figure attired as the above, but with a plain h. dr. This brass
has been recently discovered, and is at present in the possession of
the Rev. W. Digby, Worcester. It perhaps commemorates Alice
Clifton, whose figure, with a slight difference, is engraved in Dug-
dale's Hist, of Warwickshire, (p. 1018,) with this marg. inscr. :
@f pour fflharitle prap for the soule of aiice ffilifton late the topffe of Bobert
ffilffton 1Esqp  the 1R  nB the peace of our loiB goB
JW ffiffiffiffi© bj on tohose soules 3lbu haue mercp.

BRASSES OF CIVILIANS AND LADIES OF THE 16TH CENTURY. 127
No. 313.
1506. Roger Legh Esquire, and Wipe.
Rivers Chapel, St, Michael's, Macclesfield, Cheshire.
A figure habited as No. 305, with six sons behind him, all kneel
ing ; from his mouth proceeds a scroll inscribed,
a Bampnacoe metua lib'a nos Drte.
The opposite figures of a wife and 6 dau. are now lost, and also a
scroU inscribed, in Bie juBicii Ifbcra nos Bomfne.
Above, is a quadrangular plate with a pope kneeling before an
altar, on which are a chahce and an open book; a representation of
the resurrection being at the back. The inscr. beneath this plate is,
©he pBon for sailing of b pater nost' 8c b aues anB a creB is xxbj thousanB peres
anB xxbj Bapes of parBon.
Beneath the figures is the following inscr. :
©rate p atab? IRngerf legh" et lElrjabetlj bx'fs sue quf qufBm IRogetus obijt filjo
Bfe Nouembris a° Brit m° bc bj" lElrjabetb bero obijt b° Bie ©ctobris a° Biii
_pl° ffiffiffiffi Ixxxix" quor' aiah? micletur Be'.
The wife was Elizabeth Sutton, aunt to Sir Richard Sutton, the
co-founder of Brasen-nose college, Oxford. This brass is engraved
in Joseph Burroughs's "View of Popery." 8vo. Lond. 1735.
No. 314.
1507. Katharine Berecroft, and Elizabeth Barton.
St. Mary's, Beddington, Surrey.
Two small figures facing each other, and habited as No. 295,
but one has a ped. h. dr. Above are two shields, each bearing ar.
3 bears pass, sa., muzzled or, Bearcroft.
^3rap for the soules of kat'pn IBcrecroft late the topf of Hobert IBerecroft gentfl=
man tohicbe BecesspB the xx Bap of September the per of or lorB m* b° bij 8c for pe
soule of 1Eli?abelb IBarton topBotoe spstet of the sepB Utaterpn late the topf of topll'm
IBarton gentilman the tohicbe ffilijabeth BecesspB the . xxbj Bap of 31anuarp pe pere
of or lorB m' bc bij 
The prayer for mercy has been cut out.

128 BRASSES OF CIVILIANS AND LADIES OF THE 16TH CENTURY.
Nos. 315—319.
c. 1510 — 1520. Civilians and Ladies.
St. Bartholomew's, Orford, Suffolk.
Nos. 315, 316, c. 1510. Two male figures, habited as No. 305.
No. 316 on N. side of chancel. No. 315, in nave, has no gypciere.
Beneath is a merchant's mark, resembling the letter F.
No. 317, c. 1510. A fem. figure, in the nave, as the No. 311, but
with the veil h. dr. Beneath, six sons and six dau.
No. 318, c. 1520. A man and his wife, on the south side of chan
cel, as No. 305 ; the latter with an ornamented ghdle. Above is a
representation of the Holy Trinity.
No. 319, c. 1520. A small male figure like No. 305, without gir
dle or gypciere.
The inscr. of aU these brasses are lost.
No. 320.
c. 1510. A Notary. New College Chapel, Oxford.
A small figure, wearing a long gown with large sleeves ; to his
girdle are attached at his right side a pen-case and ink-bottle. The
inscr. and a shield below it, are lost.
No. 321.
1512. Oliver Sandes. St. James's, Shere, Surrey.
In the S. A. is a small figure of a man similar to No. 305 ; that
of his wife is lost.
prap for pe soullis of ®leber SanBes 8c lone his topfe pe tobicb JWaBe this topn=
Boto anB this auter tobicb oleb' BieB p bfj Bap of nobeber pe per' of our' lorB m b
xij on tohos soil fhu haue m'cp.
In the window alluded to were these arms ; or, a fesse dancettee
betw. 3 cross crosslets fitchee gu., Sandes, imp. ar. a fesse chequee
sa. and ar., betw. 3 cross crosslets fitchee of the 2nd. See Manning
and Bray's Hist, of Surrey, vol. i. p. 524.
No. 322.
1512. William Playters Esquire, and Wife.
St. Margaret's, Sotterley, Suffolk.
On an altar-tomb against the north wall of the chancel, is the
small figure of a lady wearing a long gown with pointed stomacher,

BRASSES OF CIVILIANS AND LADIES OF THE 16TH CENTURY. 129
a ruff, cape, and kerchief thrown over her head. On two similar
shields are these arms : quart. 1st, Playters ; 2nd, Denys; 3rd, Brise
worth; 4th, Playters; (see No. 179 :) imp. quart. 1st, erm., a bend
gu. (?) cotised — ? Jenney ; 2nd, a chevr. betw. 3 buckles (?) ; 3rd,
a  between 3 martlets ; 4th, Jenney. The male figure and one
shield have been abstracted since 1843. There is a verge inscr.
running round three sides of the tomb, as foUows :
1|ere lietb burieB the boBte of William ^lapters esquire Sonne anB heire oi
©homas anB ann fjfs toffe fob" marrteB Sane Baugrjter lo Sit lEBmonB Jennep of
3Knotshall Scnigbt bp tohom he baB fssue xpofer 8c others 8c BleB the xj"> Bap of
Nouembet anno Bomini 1512.
This brass was probably executed c. 1560.
No. 323.
1512. Richard Pecok, and Wife. St. Mary's, Redburn, Herts.
Of the figures of a man and his wife facing each other, part of the
former only remains. The dress is like that of No. 305.
^rap for the soulps of l&pcbarB pecok anB ffilsabetb bes topfe tohfche UpcharB
BpeB pe xiij Bap of Beceber in pe pere of our lorB J|W ffiffiffiffi®" xlj on tohose
soulps 3bu haue mercp ami.
Beneath, are a peacock mutilated, and four sons. There were
also some dau., but they are lost.
No. 324.
1513. William Bosby, and Wife.
St. Michael's, Great Tew, Oxon.
The former is habited hke No. 305, the latter like No. 295, but
with the ped. h. dr.
prap for the soules of (ffilllam IBosbp anB agnes hfs topf the tohfche cMllam
BeceesseB the ix Bap of Sanpber fn the per of our lotB JW ©ffiffiffiffi anB xii j on
tohose soules Dhu haue mercp amen.
In 1816e portions of a misplaced marg. inscr., measuring 5 ft. by
2 ft. 7 in., were remaining.
?J< man fn tobat slate that eber thoto be : ©  mors superare,
anB so tbp grebe  3)b« mercp IaBp helpe.
Compare Nos. 117, 203.
e For information respecting this Faulkner, Esq., of Deddington, who
brass, and the representation of the copied the brasses in the above named
Holy Trinity at Great Tew, No. 447, year.
tbe Society is indebted to Charles S

130 BRASSES OF CIVILIANS AND LADIES OF THE 1 6tH CENTURY.
No. 325.
1516. John Redfford, and Wife. St. James's, Shere, Surrey.
SmaU figures facing each other, and dressed, the man like No.
305, but without a gypciere ; and the wife like 295, but with an
ornamented ped. h. dr.
©ft por charfte pap for the soule of 3Sobn IReBfforB tobicb BecessiB the xxbij Bap
of map an" JW° ©ffiffiffiffi xbj. on tobols soule 3bu ^atte mei.
Beneath are the figures of four sons and two dau.
No. 326.
1516. Ellen Camby. All Saints', Stanton Harcourt, Oxon.
Dressed as No. 311.
ffif por cbarite prap for the soule of lElen ffiambp late the topfe of 3Jobn ffiambp
tohicbe BecesseB the xxilij Bap of 3lune fn the pere of our lorB goB m* bc 8c xbj on
tohose soule 3bii haue mercp amen.
Beneath are the figures of a son and dau.
No. 327.
1518. Edmund Wayte Gent., and Wife.
All Saints', Renhold, Beds.
Two small figures facing each other ; the man in a long gown,
open, and furred up the front, the girdle tied in a bow, and the
sleeves loose ; at his feet a dog. The wife atthed like No. 295, but
with a ped. h. dr. Between them are these arms ; per fesse indented
— and erm., an annulet for diff.
lere Ipeth lEBmiiBe SSRapte gent' 8c agnes his topfe tobicb ffiBmunBe BpeB the
xj Bap of august an0 Biif J¥l° b<= xbiij" of por eharlte sei a pr fir 8c an abe.
No. 328.
1520. John Albastyr. St. Mary's, Worstead, Norfolk.
A small figure like No. 305.
©rate p aia 3fobls aib'astpr q1 obiit xxliil0 Bie septebpr a0 Bni _p° bc xx° cui'
aie jpiclet' *>«'•

BRASSES OF CIVILIANS AND LADIES OF THE 16TH CENTURY. 131

1520.
N. B. After this date aU the figures face sdwys., except when the
contrary is stated.

No. 329.
c. 1520. Thomas Goodenouth, and Wife.
All Saints', Hastings, Sussex.
The former dressed as No. 305, but without gypciere. The latter
as No. 295, but with ped. h. dr. Above is a quatrefoiled circle en
closing the word Sbesus.
¦^ere bnBet tbps ston Ipetp the boBps of ©homas CEiooBenouth somtgme burges of
this totone anB margatet his topf of tohose soules of pour charite sap a pater nostet
anB a aue.
No. 330.
c. 1520. Thomas Horton, and Wife.
Holy Trinity Church, Bradford, Wilts.
Small figures, placed at the extremities of a long inscr. ; the man
is habited as No. 305, but without a gypciere ; the wife as No. 311,
but with plain h. dr. Scrolls proceed from their mouths, inscribed,
Sancta ©rinitas bn' Be'  JWisercre nobis,
Above is a merchant's mark, and below the wife on a scroU,
lEaBp T|eipe.
The inscr. runs thus :
©ft por charite ptap for the soules of ©homas Norton 8c JSlarp bps topffe tobicb
©horn's tons sihpme ffunBet' of this cbatontrp anB BecessiB the  Bap of
 an0 Biil JW° ©ffiffiffiffi"  8c pc sapB JWarp BecessiB p«
 Bap of  an" Jtt° ffiffiffiffiffi"  ©n tohofs soules 3)hii
haue mercp.
No. 331.
1522. John Fox, and Wife. St. Peter's, Steeple Aston, Oxon.
Both are dressed as No. 305, but the girdle of the wife is orna
mented. The inscr., which is now lost, is thus given in a MS. of
Anthony a, Wood in the Ashm. Mus. (E. 1. 8505. 43. p. 112.)
^Prap for the Soules of 3)obn Jox 8c Soane his toife the tohpch 3obn BeceaseB
xxf Bap of 3une in the peaie ot our HorB JW B xxfi on tohose soules 3tsu babe
mercp.

132 BRASSES OF CIVILIANS AND LADIES OF THE 16TH CENTURY.
No. 332.
1522. William Cobbe, Wife, and Son.
St. Peter's, Sharnbrook, Beds.
The wife is on the dexter side, and is habited like No. 295, but
her h. dr. approximates very closely to the horned shape. The men are
dressed like No. 305, but without gypcieres ; all the figures have
rosaries. Beneath is this inscr., now turned upside down :
ffiff por cbatfte prap for the soules of eTOllam ffiobbc smpthe 8c alps bps
toffe 8c for the soule of ©homas ffiobbe tbepr son tobicb SKSiUm BecessiB pe xxiij"
Bap of ©ctobt' a° 'Ont JW" b" xlj" 8c pe safB alps BecessiB the xxiij"1 Bap of JWap.
No. 333.
1522. John Brook Judge, and Wife.
St. Mary's, Redcliff, Bristol.
Large figures ; the judge in official robes, viz., a coif, hood, and
cape, a gown with loose sleeves, and underneath it a longer gown with
tight sleeves. The wife wears a plain ped. h. dr., a tight-fitting
gown, furred at the cuffs and bottom, secured by an ornamented
ghdle, and having a chain dependant from two rosettes.
1§fc iacet ffiorpus benitabilis bfti 3obIs brook quonBam s'uicnf aB legem lllus=
trissimi prlnclpis felicis memorie IRegis bcnrlci octaui et Kusticiarij efusBem aegis
aB assisas tn ptib? occlBentallb? anglle ac ffiapitalis Sencscalli illius honorabilis
Bomus et JWonastaril IBeate JWarie Be ffilasconla In ffiom Som'cett qui qulBcm
3ohes obijt xxb° Bfe JWensts Becembris anno Brif millestmo quingentesimo xxfj°
ffit iuxta eum HUqulescit Jlohanna bxor eius bna filtaru "ffit hcteBu l&ichatBi
ametike quor' aiab? jplcietur Beus amen.
At the lower dexter corner is a shield with these arms : Baron
and Femme, the first of two coats per pale, Cobham of Cobham, (see
No. 171,) a crescent for diff. ; and the second, gu. on a chevr. ar., a
lion ramp, sa., crowned or, armed and langued of the first, Brook ;
imp. quart., 1st, Cobham ; 2nd and 3rd, 7 mascles conjoined, 3, 3,
and 1, (Ferrers, ? see No. 245 ;) 4th, Brook.
No. 331.
1524. William Chaucey Gent., and Wife.
St. Peter's, Charlton, Wilts.
Against the west wall of the S. chantry are the figures of a man
and his wife; the former habited as No. 305, his wife as No. 311,

BRASSES OF CIVILIANS AND LADIES OF THE 16TH CENTURY. 133
but with plain h. dr., and without a chain attached to her girdle.
On a scroll, from the mouth of the man, is inscribed,
JWfserfcorBias Bni iet'nu eantabo.
At the upper corners are two similar shields, bearing, quart., 1st and
4th, a chev. betw. 3 escallops ; 2nd and 3rd, a chevr. betw. 3
castles ; a crescent for diff.
©ff por charite prap for the soul' of 8tMl"m ffihaucep gentplma 8c JWarlon his
topfe tobicb Willam eBefieB fbps ffihapell 8c BecesspB the fx Bap of Jiunfj anno Bni
JW> ffiffiffiffi®" xxiiij".
No. 335.
1525. Thomas Pownder Merchant, and Wife.
St. Mary's Quay, Ipswich.
A quadrangular plate of Flemish work, on which are engraved a
man and his wife, standing beneath a canopy of arabesque work
supported by Italian columns. The merchant wears a gown open in
front, faced with fur, and having long false sleeves, with slits for the
arms. Before him kneel two sons, one dressed as himself, the
other wearing a doublet and pouch. His wife has a crespine (?)
h. dr. covered with a veil, a long gown cut square at the neck, with
full sleeves, fur cuffs, and rosary. Beside her kneel six dau., who
have lappets in front of their crespine h. dr. Over the principal
figures is a merchant's mark, (see engraving in Introd.) On the
dexter side are the arms of Ipswich, very incorrectly given : instead
of "per pale gu. and az., on the dexter side a lion ramp, guard, or,
on the sinister 3 demi-hulls of ships joined to the impaled line of
the last," here only one demi-hull is given, and the coats are
reversed. On the sinister side are the arms of the Merchants Adven
turers. The arms and other portions of the brass were coloured, and
the back- ground is fined up with foliage. There is a marg. inscr. in
a border of scroU-work, with Evang. symb.
3$erelictb bctieB ©bomas ^otonBer JWarcbauns anB somtimebalie of Spstolche
tohfche BepartiB in the pete m' bc. xxb peris anB bij Bap of Nouebpr anB ffimme
^otonBerhis toftte tohicbe BepartiB in the pete • JW • Vc. 
See Shaw's Dresses and Decorations, &c, where this brass is en
graved.
No. 336.
1528. Margaret Buleley. Sr. Helen's, Sefton, Lancashire.
A lady not facing sdwys., and habited as No. 311 : her h. dr.
is plain and she wears a jewelled T cross suspended from her neck.

134 BRASSES OF CIVILIANS AND LADIES OF THE 16TH CENTURY.
Above is a double canopy, groined, and in debased style. At the
dexter side of the slab are these arms on two shields : 1st, az. a
cross moline or, Molyneux ; 2nd, a chevr. betw. 3 horses' heads
bridled: at the sinister side, 1st, quart., 1st and 4th ar. ; 2nd and
3rd, gu. a fret or, Dutton : 2nd, Molyneux.
©rate p aia JWargatete ffilie IRlei JWolpneux JWilit' qu°Bam bx' 3Sobls Button
armfg' Biii Be Button et postea bx' cKfllmf IBulelep armtg' que tuc tatariam me=
tuam funBauft ac teBBiBlt' 8c terras suffiet' p bno capellao In rjjetuu Bla celtbratut'
ac p aiab? elusBem JWargarete paretu 8c benefactor, suor' exotaturum stabilut 8c Bo=
tault que obijt xxj Bfe februatij a° Biif xbc xxbiij" cui' aie rrjtcietur Beus.
No. 337.
1530. Richard Tante, and Wife.
St. Mary's, Chipping Norton, Oxon.
The figure of the man is lost: his wife is habited hke No. 295,
but with a ped. h. dr. The inscr. has been recently transferred to
the churchwarden's house, where are several other brasses.
©f pour ffibarfte ^rap ftbr ©he Soules of mpcbarB ©ante anB -Elrrjabetb bis
topfe toiche IRfe' BepartiB the . bij Bap of februarij. ©he pete of ©ur lorB goB
JW ffiffiffiffiffi XXX.
Beneath were the figures of three sons and seven dau., now lost.
No. 338.
c. 1530. A Lady.
Similar to the foregoing. The inscr. is lost.
No. 339.
c. 1530. A Civilian, and Wife.
All Saints', Worlingham, Suffolk.
The man has his wife at his right hand, and is habited like No. 327 :
he has also a gypciere. His wife wears a ped. h. dr. with orna
mented lappets, a gown tied with a long sash, and at her right side
a rosary and bag suspended. The inscr. is lost. Is this the brass
of Nicholas Wrenne and wife, 1511 ?
No. 340.
c. 1530. A Lady.
A small brass, in the possession of the Society, which was found in
a shop in London. The dress consists of a kind of ped. h. dr., with

BRASSES OF CIVILIANS AND LADIES OF THE 16TH CENTURY. 135
a circular crown, and a gown, tight to the waist and arms, and low at
the neck : from the centre of the girdle, a rosary and bag are sus
pended. No. 341.
1531. Thomas Potter. St. Mary's, Westerham, Kent.
The figure of a man in a gown open in front lined with fur, and
having long sleeves slit near their top, as an opening for the arms.
Underneath is a coat or doublet, reaching nearly to the knees,
girded, and with its sleeves fuU to the elbows, but tight below them.
©rate pro ata ©home potter fflij ilobls potter gen'osf q1 qulBcm ©homas obijt
trjto ufe 3Junij an0 Biii m° bc xxxj" cui' aie micletu' Beus.
No. 342.
1534. Morrys Osberne Gent., and Wives.
St. Denys's, Kelmarsh, Northants.
The man is habited as the preceding example. This brass is
much mutilated, the whole of one wife, the upper part of the other,
and part of the inscr. being lost.
[©{ pout ffibarite prap for t]he soules of JEtorrps ©sberne gentplman [ffirace
anB alpce his top]bes tobicb JMotrps BecesspB the xbfijth Bap [of Dune an"
xrf m° b° x]xxiiijth on tohois soules 33i>u haue JWercp ame.
See Bridges's Northants, vol. ii. p. 41.
Beneath are eight sons and nine dau.
No. 343.
c. 1535. Andrew Evyngar, and Wipe.
All Hallows' Barking, London.
A Flemish brass. On an oblong plate are engraved the figures of a
man and his wife : the former in a gown, lined with fur, thrown open
in front, and having loose sleeves ; underneath is a shorter gown :
his wife wears a stiff veU h. dr., a gown tight to the body and arms,
and secured by an ornamented girdle, from which a rosary hangs.
From the mouth of the man proceeds a scroll inscribed,
© fflij Bei miserere mei.
And on that from the woman, ® mater Bei memento mei.
Between the figures are those of a son and six dau.; the last wear
h. dr. resembling the modern bonnets ; and there is also a merchant's
mark. Above are two pointed arches, groined and supported by

136 BRASSES OF CIVILIANS AND LADIES OF THE 16l'H CENTURY.
shafts with scroUs winding round them : in the centre spandrils is a
seated figure of the ' Virgin of pity,' upon a rich bracket. At the
sides are two shields, one with the arms of the Merchants Adven
turers, the other with those of the Salters' company. (See Introd.)
The back- ground is filled up with foliage, and the interstices and
shields were coloured, the former with a red composition. Beneath
is this inscr. in raised letters, the first and^last clauses erased :
[©if pour charite prap for the sotols] of anBretoe 3Ebpngar epte^e anB Salter of
lonBon anB ellpn hps [topff on tohoos soulps Ihesu haue m'cp ame'] .

No. 344.
1535. Lady Catherine Howard.
St. Mary's, Lambeth, Surrey.
The figure of a lady, not turned sdwys. She wears an ornamented
ped. h. dr., a gown close, and puckered at the neck, with sleeves
longitudinally striped, and frills at the wrists ; a girdle and rosary :
a smaU cross is suspended from her neck. Over all, is a mantle
charged with these arms : on the dexter side her husband's arms,
quart., 1st, gu. on a bend betw. 3 cross-crosslets fitchee ar. an
escutcheon or, charged with a demi-lion ramp, pierced through the
mouth by an arrow, within a double tressure, flory, counterflory, of
the 1st, over all a label of 3 points, Howard; 2nd, gu. 3 hons pass.
guard, in pale or, in chief a label of 3 points ar., Brotherton ; 3rd,
gu. a Hon ramp. ar. armed and langued az., Mowbray ; 4th, Warren
(see No. 249.) On the sinister side are her own arms, quart., 1st,
ar. a chevr. betw. 3 muUets gu., Broughton ; 2nd, ar. on a chevr. gu.,
3 fleur de lys of the field, Pever; 3rd, ar. on a cross gu., 5 escaUops
or, Stonham ; 4th, az. 2 lions pass, guard, in pale, Denston. At her
feet a squirrel sejant, holding in his paw — ?. Above are the traces
of a canopy, and at the sides of scrolls. The marg. inscr. is lost,
but is given in CoUins's Peerage, (ed. 1813, vol. iv. p. 280,) as
foUows :
3§ere Ipeth ffiatberine 3BjotoaiB, one of the sistcvs anB belies of 3ohn IBrougbton,
¦Esq. the late toife of the XorB cMlllam l|otoavB, one of the sonnes of the right
high anB mlgbtp prince 3CorB ©homas, late Duke of Norlolke, Ujtgft ©reasuret anB
lEarl JWarshal of EnglanB ; tohlch %oxV cKilliam anB laBp ffiatberine left issue
hehinB them, latotullp begotten, agnes T§otoatB,tbc onlp Baugbter anB heir ; tobicb
saiB 3EaBp ffiatberine BeceaseB the 23d Bap of apvfll.anno Biil, 1535, tohose soule
3ksu parBon.
This lady was indicted with her husband for concealing the mis-
emeanors of her namesake Queen Catharine Howard ; and being

BRASSES OF CIVILIANS AND LADIES OF THE 16TH CENTURY. 137
convicted, they were both sentenced to perpetual imprisonment, but
were afterwards pardoned. — See Lysons's Env. of Lond., vol. i. p.
278. No. 345.
1538. Sir Anthony Fitzherbert, and Lady.
St. Mary's, Norbury, Derbyshire.
The lady in a long gown, open and puckered at the neck, with fur
cuffs, and two tasselled chains dependent from the ghdle ; over all
a mantle charged with these arms : on the dexter side, quart., 1st
and 4th, gu., 3 lions ramp, or, Fitzherbert; 2nd and 3rd, ar., a chief
vaire or and gu., over all a bend sa., Norbury. On the sinister
side, which is mutilated, quart., 1st, az., an eagle displayed ar.,
armed gu., Coton ; 2nd, defaced ; 3rd, 3 birds ; 4th, 2 bars, on an
escutcheon a bend. The same arms are impaled on a shield above.
The figure of her husband is now lost (?). He was represented in
judge's robes, and holding a scroll in his hand. Fragments of a
marg. inscr. remain.
 [men bcncbc anB sometime XotBe anB pa]trone of thps©oton 
 [of UUchatB ffioton of lampstali lR.pBtoare] ....
See Lysons's Magn. Brit, vol. v. p. 233.
No. 346.
1539. William Kemp, and Wipe.
St. Mary's, Little Walsingham, Norfolk.
Two figures, in the same dress and relative position respectively
as No. 339. The lady wears a kind of wire h. dr., and a long girdle
instead of a sash.
^rap for p= soul' of cXRllij ISemp 8c JWgatet h' topf pe tofcbe toiltj BeptiB in
p" pere of otor lorB. JW bc xxxfx. No. 347.
c. 1540. A Civilian, and Wife.
St. Mary's, Little Walsingham, Norfolk.
A man habited like No. 341 : his wife placed at his right hand,
and wearing a veil h. dr., akin to the ped., a gown furred at the bot
tom and gathered up at the right side, and a girdle with a rosary
attached to it. The inscr. is gone.

138 BRASSES OF CIVILIANS AND LADIES OF THE 16TH CENTURY.
No. 348.
c. 1540. A Lady, St. Helen's, Bishopgate, London.
The dress is similar to that of No. 344, but without a rosary. The
arms on either side of her mantle are, a lion ramp., vulned in the
shoulder in three places, perhaps for Robsart or Pickering. The
inscr. is gone, and the brass fixed on a fresh slab.
No. 349.
c. 1540. John Symonds, and Wife.
SS. Peter and Paul, Shiplake, Oxon.
The man dressed as No. 341 : the wife in a dress hke No. 340 ; to
her girdle a tasselled cord is attached, and she wears also a cape.
ffiff pour ffibarfte pt»p for the Soules of 3Jobn SpmonB' 8c Hone his topfe o
toftos soules to4 ther chplBre' 8c all xpen soules 3hu bane m\c i.
No. 350.
1541. William Tilghman, and Wives.
All Saints', Snodland, Kent.
The former, similar to No. 305, is between his two wives, who
wear veU h. dr., tight-bodied gowns, and girdles with three rosettes
in front.
^tap for the Soules of aKilliam ©ilgbman thclBcr Ssabell 8c Jioanr his
topbes tobicb cWfllfam BecesspB the xxbij Bap of august an'Biif JUI» ©ffiffiffiffi"
xlj°ffin tohose Soules 3esu haue m'cp.
as pou ar so toas E, anB as I am so shall pou be.
No. 351.
1545. Thomas Holte, Judge, and Wife.
SS. Peter and Paul, Aston, Warwickshire.
The judge, in his robes but without the cape, holds a scroU in his
hand. The head is broken off. Beside him is the lady, who wears
a ped. h. dr., a tight-bodied gown with the skht gathered up under
the girdle at the right side; the sleeves full, puckered, and with
transverse bands. Over the figures is a shield bearing az,, two bare

BRASSES OF CIVILIANS AND LADIES OF THE 16TH CENTURY. 139
or, in chief a cross formee fitchee of the seeond, Holt ; imp. sa. ?, a
saltier ar., Aston ?.
©homas bolte bete Ipeth fn grauc : Kbu for thim passpon :
©n I)im tljou haue compasspon : anB his soolle Bo saue :
Beneath are the figures of a son, and two daughters, habited like
their mother. The following verge inscr., having the Evang. symb.
at the corners, (S. Matt, lost,) surrounds the whole :
®t por cbaritpe prape foi the sooles of ©homas bolte Esquper late Justice of
North toales 8c lEorBe of this totone of aston anB JWargerpe his topfe tolcb
©homas BeceaseB the xxiij Bape of marche anno Bni : : _pl° ffiffiffiffi® xlb tohose
soolles CRoB patBon.
No. 352.
1545. Sir Walter Luke, Judge, and Lady.
All Saints' , Cople, Beds.
A mural brass, consisting of two small figures kneeling at desks
on which he open books. The judge wears the ordinary gown of
civilians, with a gypciere at his right side ; over it the judge's robes,
and on his head a coif. The lady wears a ped. h. dr., having the
ends of the front lappets turned up, a close-bodied gown with furred
cuffs, and a mantle charged with her arms ; gu., a fleur de lys, ar.,
LanceUyn. At the upper corners are two shields bearing, ar., a
bugle-horn sa., stringed or, Luke ; and Luke imp. LanceUyn.
3|ere Ipeth s' Salter 3£u6e Utnpgbt one of the Justpe' of the ^piees D|olBcn
before the most TExcelcnt ^rpnce Upng 1§cntp the TEpght anB Bame anne hps topfte
Notpsthe tonto fips sepB JBtagestg anB one of the Dougbters anB bepre of 3ohfi
Xauncelepn CPsquper tobpebe sepB s' aBalier BecesspB the xxC" Bap of Sulij in the
xxxb^ pere of the IRepgne of ouer sepB Sou'rapgne lEorBe anB the sepB Bame anne
BecesspB tfie ix Bap of September in the ixx pere of the Ulepgne of tb* sepB most
gracpus Sou'taigne lorB [5 tobo' soull' ibu haue m'cp a.]
The last clause is erased.

No. 353.
1549. William Barker, and Wife.
St. Andrew's, Sunning, Berks.
The man dressed as No. 341 ; his gown very short. The wife
wears a ped. h. dr., with the ends of the lappets turned upwards,
and a gown tight to the body and arms, open in front, turned over
at the neck, and girt round the waist : the sleeves are puffed at the
shoulders, have stripes winding round them, and frills at the wrists :
a jewelled ornament is attached to the girdle.

140 BRASSES OF CIVILIANS AND LADIES OF THE 16TH CENTURY.
Ifere bnBer this stone Iptbe aelpllfam IBarker sittpme StetoatB 8c J&ecepber of
this lEotBsbtp of Siinpng anB anne his topffie . pe tohfche eKpllfam BeptpB otote of
this present Ipfe p« xbffjlh Bap of September fn tbe pere of o1 lorB ffiroBja bcxlfx.
8c fn pe thfrBe pere of pe Kafgne of or sou'apne EorBUcpngTEBtoarB p'Sj" • 5 tohose
Soull' ibu haue m'cp.
Beneath is the figure of a dau. dressed as her mother, but with a
• Paris head.'
No. 354.
1556. Sir John Spelman, Judge, and Lady.
All Saints', Narburgh, Norfolk.
Kneeling figures against the waU, and habited as No. 352. On
the lady's mantle are the arms of Froyck, quart. Sturgeon, (see No.
215,) and the same arms are on a shield over her. The dresses and
shields were formerly coloured. From the mouths of the figures
proceed scrolls inscribed, in raised letters,
Saluator munBl memento mei  Ifesu fill Bel • miserere mei.
Above is a representation of the Resurrection, and beneath the
figures this legend, in raised letters :
¦^ere bnBer Ipeth burpB the boBps of s' 3Jobii Spelman ISEmgbt anB SecunBarp
3ustle' of the 3tpng' bench" 8c Bame ffilrjaberb hps topfe tobicb baB xiij Sonnes
anB bij Bqugbters of there boBps bettoen them begoten . the tohfcb s' 3ohri BecesspB
the xxbjth Bap of febtuarp fn the pete of our %oxV ffiioB JW° bc xlb. 8c (be safB
Bame lElijabetb BecesspB the bth Bap of Noueber the pere of 5 lorB JW bc Ibj on
tohose soull' fhu haue m'cp .
No. 355.
1557- William Myddilton, and Wives.
St. Mary's, Westerham, Kent.
His gown is lined with fur, open in front, and has long false
sleeves, with holes in their upper part, to admit the arms : the under
coat, or doublet, which reaches to about the knees, is open in front,
and buttoned above the ghdle ; he wears also low shoes. On either
side of him are his wives, who wear their hair parted, close head
dresses with lappets behind, (Paris head,) gowns open in front, but
closed at the upper part with strings, and with long false sleeves,
puffed and slashed at the shoulders ; the under gown has tight sleeves,
and frills at the wrists, and is fastened by a ghdle, to which a square
jewelled ornament is attached by a long cord. AU the figures have
smaU frills round their necks.
©f por cbarpte prap for the Soules of cKillam JWpBBilton "Esquper TEIp?a=
bethe 8c IBorothe his topffes tohicbe aiRiliam BecesspB the xbijth Bap of august in
the pete of our' Xottte e&oB 0ll ©ffiffiffiffi Ibij. ©n tohose Soulles 3iesu haue
jlWci'cp amen.

BRASSES OF CIVILIANS AND LADIES OF THE 16TH CENTURY. 141
No. 356.
1560. Edward Goodman. St. Peter's, Ruthin, Denbighshire.
The dress is similar to the preceding example : the head, on which
is a cap, rests on a cushion ; round the neck is a narrow scarf, which
hangs down a short distance in front ; and a smaU gypciere is sus
pended at the left side. In front of the pedestal on which the figure
stands, is a tablet inscribed, JWfori fn ffibristo lucrum.
On a plate beneath are these lines :
We Iacet TEBtoarBus, ©ooBmanus nomine Blctus
(Gratia bfrtutfs ; cui bona multa BeBft,
^ars bomfnfs tcgftur moctalis et altera cerium
ScanBtt perq? orbem, Nomcn bbfq? bolat,
©bljt ¦%% . JWalj, an" 1560.
No. 357.
c. 1560. A Lady. St. John Baptist's, Latton, Essex.
A small figure habited like No. 355 ; her upper gown is sleeve
less, and secured by a sash, and the tight sleeves of the under vest
are striped. From her mouth is a scroU inscribed,
* ©borough ffihrpst 3 haue Ipff .
The legend at the feet is lost. No. 358.
1567. Thomas Noke Esquire, and Wives.
St. John Baptist's, Shottesbrooke, Berks.
The man, habited as No. 355, (see engraving in the Introd.,)
has a crown and rose on his left shoulder, and wears a beard. One
wife is placed on his right, and two on his left hand. They are also
dressed hke No. 355, but have furred coUars, their gowns are with
out false sleeves and strings, and they have no jewelled ornament.
One of them wears a more ornamented dress than the other two.
Above are these arms on a shield ; or, on a fess sa. betw. 3 leopards'
heads, a bow? of the 1st; over them is a helmet with this crest, a
hand (or lion's gamb) erased, and grasping an arrow.
Ijjcrr Ir>ctfj burieB ©fiomas Noke tobo for his great age anB bertuous lief bas
KeberenceB of all men anB eomenlp calleB JFather Noke, creates lEsquiet bp

142 BRASSES OF CIVILIANS AND LADIES OF THE 16TH CENTURY.
3£pnge lenrp the biff 'h be toas of statute high 8c comlp anB for hfe lExcellencle fn
artilarle maBe ¥oman of the ffirotone of lEnglonB tohich haB in hfs lief three toffes
anB bp eberp of them som ftupte 8c ofptpnge anB DeceasseB the xxj* Bap of 1567
In the pere of bis age Ixxxbij, leabing behpnBe T§pm Sultan his last toief, ttno of
hfs brotberne one Sister one onlp Sonne anB ij Baughters Ipbtng.
Beneath were three groups of chUdren, of which only the centre
group, consisting of three sons and three dau., remains. Below is a
second inscr. lEpttaphtu Brie lElljabetb gobble fn morte ©home Noke.
© multum Bllecte senex, pater atq? bocate,
Vel quia gtanBemis, bei quia probus eras.
annos bixfsti nobies Becem, atq? satelles
jFfBus eras regum, ffaus erascp tuis.
Sam fatis functus baleas, SeB tu, Beus alme,
Sic mlbi conceBas biuere siq? mori.

No. 359.
c. 1570. A Civilian and Wife.
Habited as No. 355 ; the former has also a gypciere. The wife
wears a h. dr. with a circular crown and without lappets, and a collar
of fur ; the sleeves of her outer gown reach only to the elbow, and
her dress is confined by a sash. There was apparently the figure of
another wife at the left hand of the man, but this and the inscr. are
now lost. No. 360.
c. 1570. Emma Foxe. SS. Peter and Paul, Aldeburgh, Suffolk.
A small figure attired as No. 355 ; her h. dr. is ornamented, and
without lappets behind ; her outer gown is fastened by a ghdle with
out any appendage, and its sleeves reach only to the elbows. On
either side of her is a group of children, seven sons, and seven dau.
Beneath are the following verses in a single column :
©o pou that Ipfe posses J«lp Iobfnge ftoxe faretoell
great troubles Bo befall CGoB gupBe the to bis grace
cHther toe that slepe bp ffleatbe prepare ihnsclfc to come
Bo feele no harme at all. anB I tofll geue the place
an honest life Bothe btinge JWp cbilBren all afetoe
a fopful Deatpe at last anB be right sute of tbps
anB life agapnc begins $ou shall be brought to fflrist
toben JBeatbe fs obetpast. as TEmme ffoxc por mother is.

BRASSES OF CIVILIANS AND LADIES OF THE 16TH CENTURY. 143
No. 361.
1574. Richard Atkinson, Alderman, and Wives.
St. Peter's in the East, Oxford.
On an altar-tomb in the lady-chapel are the figures of a man and
his two wives. The alderman wears a long gown fined with fur,
open in front, and with long false sleeves with slits for the arms :
over it a short narrow scarf, and a short mantle lined with fur,
fastened on the right shoulder, and thrown over the left. His wives
wear long sleeveless gowns, open in front, puffed and striped at the
shoulders, and fastened by sashes : beneath is an under dress with
tight sleeves.
¦$jere Ipeth the bOBfe of HMcbarB atkinson late alBerman of ©ion to*" hath
borne the office of the JWapraltlp fpbe tpmes, anB toas both Justice of pB peace 8c
quoru anB so DepleB out of this transptorp Ipfc fn the faith of Christ the last of
Jttap in the pere of our' EorBe ffioB JW ©ffiffiffiffi Ixxllij. ©ogether toitj) his late
toiffe annes atkfnson.
Beneath the wife on the left hand, are five sons and six dau. j the
opposite group is lost.
No. 362.
1575. William Barker Esquire, and Wipe.
St. Andrew's, Sunning, Berks.
The lady is attired like No. 355, but her outer gown is secured
simply by a sash, and its sleeves reach only a little below the elbows.
The figure of her husband is lost.
3|ere Ipeth the corps of cHlilliam IBarkci lEsquicr, fn botpell' of this grabe.
STiRbose Bapes bp all mens Boome BeserbeB, a longer Ipfe to haue.
3§ou tofBotoes isaplt bis losse, anB orphanes topsbe his Ipffe.
ftou Bearlp toante hfe topsBomes skull, tohose Causes are at strpffe.
Nc pou allone lament, pour frpnBes bntpmclp Sate ;
TEjis ann Both morne amonge the most, tobo least mape misse (er mate.
ann spronge of Stotogbtons stocbc, an auncfet progenp,
She topth h« ffihilBten toaple ti)is ffihaunce, anB Boleffull Bestenpe,
Wet this both toe anB ail, baue iustlpc to %eiopce,
l^fe iustpce fafthe anB frauBles hart, bathe toonne the peoples topee.
3|fe boBle in this soile, anB earthlpe seat Both Ipe.
3|fe ffame in apre his gost for ap, Bothe Ipue a lofte the Skpe.
Beneath are six sons and five dau. Two shields only, at the lower
corners of the slab, remain, bearing 1, quart., 1st and 4th, per chevr.

144 BRASSES OF CIVILIANS AND LADIES OF THE 16TH CENTURY.
engr. or and sa., a lion ramp, counterchanged, Barker; 2nd and 3rd,
ar. ? a chief sa. ? over all three tilting spears, erect, counterchanged,
a crescent for diff., Burley ? ; imp. az. on a cross engr. ar. 5 erm.
spots sa., Stoughton : 2, Barker, quart. Burley ?.

No. 363.
1577. Katherine Staverton. St. Michael's, Cumner, Berks.
She is represented with her hah parted, a ' Paris head,' or close
cap with the sides projecting forward, and with a lappet or veil
hanging behind ; a sleeveless gown open in front, turned over and
furred at the neck, and confined at the waist by a sash. Beneath is
an under-dress fitting close to the neck, with puffed and striped
sleeves, and having a skirt ornamented with a diaper pattern. At the
neck and wrists are smaU frills. The lower part of the figure is lost,
as are also some armorial bearings. See the engraving in the Introd.,
and compare, for the arms, No. 377-
N.B. The dresses of the other figures hereafter described as simUar
to this, have plain sleeves, and are mostly without the fur coUar.
9|e« Ipeth the boBp of Icatrjerfn sometpme the topffie of H|enrp Staberton ffient'
anB daughter [of] IRapnoIB iKRpllpams of IBorgfelB In the ffio untie of Uark ffisquicr
tobo BpeB a gooB ffibristlan the xxfj'" Bape of Ue[eembet, in the Yere] of out
XoxVt ffioB 1577.
Beneath were the figures of three sons and a dau. See Ashmole's
Hist, of Berks, vol. i. p. 146.

No. 364.
1578. Thomasine Playters.
St. Margaret's, Sotterley, Suffolk.
A lady with her dau. behind her, both dressed as the preceding
example. Above is an extremely large shield with these arms :
Baron, quart., I. and IV. quart., 1st, Playters; 2nd, Denys; 3rd,
Briseworth, (see No. 179); 4th, Playters : II. and III., quart, of 8
pieces, 1st, sa., a chevr. erm. betw. 3 cath. wheels ar., Aslack;
2nd, ar. a chevr. betw. 3 bears' heads, couped and muzzled, sa.,
Berry ; 3rd, sa. a fesse betw. 2 chevr. or, Baynard ; 4th, ar. on a
fesse az. 2 ducal coronets or, Gerbridge ; 5th, az. a fleur de lys
ar. betw. 3 cinquefoils or, Bardolph ; 6th, erm. on a chief gu. 3
Cornish choughs or, each charged with an annulet sa., Charier ;
7th, on a chevr. gu. 3 fleur de lys or, Charier ; 8th, Aslack ; Femme

BRASSES OF CIVILIANS AND LADIES OF THE 16TH CENTURY. 145
quart., 1st, ar. 2 chevronels az. within a bordure engr. gu., Tirrell;
2nd, paly of 6, ar. and sa., Burgate; 3rd, gu. on a chevr. engr. ar.
3 dolphins embowed vert, Flambert ; 4th, ar. a cross betw. 4 escallops
sa., CoggeshaU ; a mullet for diff. The inscr. is lost ? but is en
graved by Cotman as follows :
•J§ere Ipeth bttrpeB ©homage late topfe bnto ciapllam pteptcts of Sottoerlep
•ffisquper one of the Datogbtets 8c ffiobepers bnto ^EBmtiB ©prrell of fetches fn the
countp of lEssex lEsquier tobo baB psstte bp the sapBe cWpllnn Susan ^lapters
anB BpeB the bfij Bape of JSlape an" Bnf . 1578. ©n tohose soule 3)esus haue JW'cp
ISepng of the age of xxxflf j peares.

No. 365.
1580. Francis Bacon Esquire, and Wives.
SS. Peter and Paul, Pettistree, Suffolk.
He is dressed as No. 355, and is between his two wives, who are
attired like No. 363 : one of them has a plain under-skirt. Above,
were three shields, now lost.
Hjere Ipeth fftances 38acon tbeirB Sonne to lEBmunBe IBacon of bessett ©squier
BecesseB, toijfcbe first marfeB HEltjabeth Baugbter to ffiotton of IBarton in SuS, anB
habinge bp her on onlp Daughter TEltyabeth, matfeB to hiss seconB toffe marp
Daughter anB heft to ffiieotge IBlenetbapsett. lEsquier anB bp Ijcr habinge noe
Issue, BeparteB this Ipfe the xffj of December, fn the pete of out HJJtB ClloB 1580.
No. 366.
1581. Mary Huddleston.
A similar figure to No. 363.
3|ete lietb pe boBp of JWatle l^uBBleston Dougbtcr of Sfr cffitllfam IBartentpne
Unigbt 8c tofef to anthonp 3§uBBleston . esqufer, a gentletooman of soche bcttue
tofseBome 8c goBlines, as toee babe great cause to thank goB fot her 8c to babe
suet hope p* shee fs exalteB to a ffitoton of glorte, she BieB pe stos (?) Bale of
JWafe 1581.

No. 367.
1582. Edward Bugge Gent., and Wipe.
St. Mary's, Harlow, Essex.
The former wears his hair cropped close, a beard, and moustaches ;
he is dressed in a doublet, hose, (the trunk hose being ornamented

146 BRASSES OF CIVILIANS AND LADIES OF THE 16TH CENTURY.
with stripes,) a short cloak, and has frills at the neck and wrists.
The wife is dressed like No. 363.
%ete Ipeth IBurpeB the boBp of Sarnie IBugge late topfe to ffiBtoatB IBugge the
elBer gent' habfng Issue bp bpm (f j sonnes anB f j Baughers tobicb Danrte BeceasseB
the xxfij Bap of august fn the pete of out XotB goB. 1582.
Beneath, are three sons mutilated, and two dau. Above are two
shields, 1. az. 3 water bougets or, within a bordure erm., Bugge;
2. Bugge imp. a cross, amuUet for diff.
No. 368.
1582. Isabel Annesley. St. Margaret's, Lee, Kent.
A lady dressed as No. 363. Compare No. 237.
l|cre Ipeth the boBp of Jttfstris Esabell ^atteclpf Baugb ... to JWr ©homas
3|anecipf of ^atteclpf lEsgufer) anB BpeB topcf to £&' Nptolas armeslep ffien=
tellman, ptap to ffioa all pou that Bothe this teBe pou Bp as toell to ffioB' tootBe
as she BeB the xxiifj Bap of Decembet in pe pete of pur TLotVe ffloB, 1582.
No. 369.
1584. John Dryden Esquire.
St. Mary's, Canon's Ashby, Northants.
A figure, not inclined sdwys, habited like No. 355, and wearing a
beard and moustaches. Above is a brass plate, on which are his arms ;
az. a lion ramp., in chief a sphere betw. 2 estoiles or. Over this is
a helmet with his crest, a demi-lion ramp, az., holding in his dexter
gamb a sphere or. The inscr. is gone. He married Eliz., dau. of
Sir John Cope, of Canon's Ashby, and willed her arms also to be
placed on his brass ; either these were omitted, or the shield on
which they were placed is now lost. See Baker's Hist, of Northants.,
vol. ii. p. 5. No. 370.
1584. Simon Parret, M.A., and Wipe.
St. Peter' s-in-the- East, Oxford.
An oblong plate, with the small kneeling figures of a gentleman
and his wife ; the former wears his hair cropped close, moustaches,
and has on him "the ordinary civilian's gown. The lady wears a long
gown open in front, with sleeves to the elbows, and girt with a sash ;
beneath is an under-dress with puffed sleeves. Both wear friUs at

BRASSES OF CIVILIANS AND LADIES OF THE 16TH CENTURY. 147
the neck and wrists. Behind the husband are nine sons, and behind
his wife ten dau., all kneeling. The back- ground is fiUed up with
masonry. Over the sons are these arms, gu. 3 pears or, on a chief
ar. a lion issuant sa., Parret. Above, on a helmet, this crest, a par
rot, close ppr. beaked and legged gu., holding in his dexter claw a
pear or, and charged on the breast with a mullet of the last. Over
the dau., vert, a lion ramp, guard, or, on his shoulder a crescent,
Love. Over the principal figures, Parret imp. Love.
1§ete testltb the boBies of Simon garret ffirentliman : JWastet of arte : late
fellotoe of JWagBalen ffiolleBge : anB ttoise ^toctot of the bniuetsuie of ©xforB :
anB 3Eli?abetb bfe toife : Dougbtcr of lEBtoatB Xobe of aenobe : in the ffioontie oi
Northampton lEsquiet : tobicb Simon DepatteB this toorlBe the 24 : Bap of Septeb1
in the pete of otote TEoxVe ffioB JW ffiffiffiffiffi 84 anB in the pete of his age 71 s anB
ffiltjabetb DepatteB fn cbilBbeB the xxiiij Bap of December in the pete of otote 3£otBe
ffioB JUl ffiffiffiffi® Ixxlj : anB In the pete of bet age xlij.

No. 371.
1584. Richard Makepeace Yeoman, and Wipe.
SS. Peter and Paul, Chipping Warden, Northants.
A man and his wife, habited like No. 367. The former has a
short skirt attached to his doublet, and girt with a sash ; his trunk
hose are plain. The latter has a kerchief thrown over her cap : her
figure is much mutilated.
1§ere bnBer Ipeth the boBp of UUchatB JWakepeace peoman, torjo baB Issue bp
Dorotbp hfe toife bj sonnes 8c ix Baughters. be being of pe age of Ixblij petes Be=
ceaseB p" b"1 of Decemb' fn p" pete of or lotB goB : 1584.
Below are the figures of six sons and nine dau.

No. 372.
1585. William Todde. St. Peter's, Hever, Kent.
A small figure simUar to No. 370, kneeling at a desk, on which
an open book is lying.
Tjjcre Ipeth William ©oBBe late scholmaster to ffibatles eHlalBegratte ffisqutre
tofjo DeceaseB tl)e eleuenthe Bap of JBlarche an» Dili 1585 In tohose perpetuall
memorpe thfe monumente toas eteeteB bp his louing ftetnB eMill'm Nappet of
^poncfecnoll in p" ffioiitie of Dotset gent'.

148 BRASSES OF CIVILIANS AND LADIES OF THE 16TH CENTURY.
No. 373.
1587. John Selwyn Gent., and Wife.
St. Mary's, Walton-on-Thames, Surrey.
The former is attired in a forester's dress, with a hunting horn
suspended under his right arm : the latter as No. 363, but she wears
a hat, and a plain skirt to her under-dress. Between the figures are
five sons and six dau. On a plate above, Selwyn is represented as
sitting on the back of a deer, and stabbing him with a sword.
The following account is given in the Antiq. Repert., vol. i. p. 1,
where this brass is engraved. John Selwyn was " extremely famous
for his strength, agUity, and skiU in horsemanship, specimens of all
of which he exhibited before the Queen (Elizabeth) at a grand stag
hunt at the park of Oatlands, in Surrey, where attending, as was the
duty of his office, he, in the heat of the chase, suddenly leaped from
his horse upon the back of the stag, (both running at that time with
their utmost speed,) and not only kept his seat gracefully, in spite of
every effort of the affrighted beast, but drawing his sword, with it
guided him towards the Queen, and coming near her presence,
plunged it in his throat, so that the animal feU dead at her feet.
This was thought sufficiently wonderful to be chronicled on his
monument." On the reverse of the plate, Selwyn is represented
with a short beard, without hat or doublet, and holding with one
hand the stag's horns. This engraving was probably canceUed, on
account of some inaccuracy in the costume and posture.
1§ere Ipeth Be hoBpe of 3obn Selwpn gent' kepper of bet JSta68 ^parke of fflte=
lanB' bnBer p" tight honorable ffibarles ^ototoarB lorB aBmptall of lEnglanB hfs
gooB 3EorB 8c JBT tobo baB (ssue bp Susan hfe topfe b suncs 8c bj Daughters all
Ipbing at hfs Beath. anB BepatteB out of this toorlB the xxi\ih Bape of JSlarcbe anno
Domfnf . 1587.
No. 374.
1589. Elizabeth Stanley, St. Peter's, Roydon, Essex.
On a square plate is the figure of a lady, habited hke No. 363,
with the sleeves striped. Her hands are stretched out, the one
towards a son, standing at her right ; and the other towards a tomb
behind her, on which lies the figure of a child in swaddling clothes.
At her left, are two dau. and a son. In the back-ground, are

BRASSES OF CIVILIANS AND LADIES OF THE 16TH CENTURY. 149
columns and arches, and at the dexter corner, a shield bearing,, ar.
on a bend az., 3 bucks' heads, cabossed, or, Stanley; imp. sa. a
marlion's wing in fess, ar., betw. 4 crosses formed, two and two
or, Dyne. Beneath it is inscribed,
IE beleue p' mp IReBem* ipueth.
Below the figures, is the foUowing :
Here vnder Heth the bodie of Elizabeth Stanley late wief to John Stanley of
Roydon Gent, and eldest doughter of Henry Dinn of Heydon in the county of
Norff. Esquier one of the seauen Auditors of Thexcheq' which Elizabeth depted
this lief the vijth daye of Marche 1589. who by hir said husband had fyue children
Henry Beatris and Fraunces lyuing Richarde and Jane deceasad.

No. 375.
1589? Anne Staverton. St. Michael's, Sunning, Berks.
The dress is similar to that of No. 363 : she has false sleeves
depending from behind her shoulders, and the ruff round her neck is
of large size.
Here lyethe bvryed the body of Anne Staverton davghter and sole
heire of William Barker thelder Esqvier deceased, late the wife
of Willyam Staverton of Ockyngam in the Conti of Barke Gentel-
man by whom she had Ishew 4 Sones viz Fravnces Willyam George
and lohn who departed this worlde the 21. day of septemb' in the
yeare of ovr lord god : 158[9 ?]
a frend vnto the widdoo fatherles sycre and poore
a comforte and a svcker contyneved she ever more.
Beneath are the figures of four sons : a shield, which was above
her head, is lost.

No. 376.
1590. Laurence Hyde Esquire, and Wife.
St. John Baptist's, Tisbury, Wilts.
On an oblong plate : the former has a beard and moustaches, and
wears a doublet, a long gown open in front, with long false sleeves,
striped, and hanging from behind his shoulders, and ruffs at his
neck and wrists ; behind him are six sons. The lady is attired as

150 BRASSES OF CIVILIANS AND LADIES OF THE 16TH CENTURY.
No. 363 : behind her are four dau. The back-ground consists of
the arches and windows of an Italian church. At the upper corners
are two shields, with these arms ; 1. az. a chevr. betw. 8 lozenges or,
Hyde ; 2. a tiger pass, reguardant, gazing in a mirror.
Between them is an eagle, holding in his beak a scroll inscribed,
EVERYE MAN LYVING IN HIS BESTE ESTATE IS ALLTOGETHER VANITYE.
Beneath the figure is the foUowing :
Quicquid eras terras morbo cofect' & annis
Concidit et factu est terra quod antefuit.
Viuet at aetermi pars ducta ab origine coeli
Mens generosa, nitens, sancta, recepta, deo;
Cu tuba terribilis Iusti vocitavit ad aulam
Sorte necis spreta, viuet vtruq' polo.
Here lyeth the bodye of Laurence Hyde late of "Westhatch Esquyer, who had
issue by Anne his wyfe, sixe sonnes and foure daughters, and dyed the vij,h day of
I une, in the yeare of the incarnation of our lord, god. 1590. beati qvi morivn-
tvr IN DOMINO.

No. 377.
c. 1590. Edith Staverton and Husband.
St. Michael's, Cumnor, Berks.
SmaU figures habited as the preceding example, but the sleeves of
the man's gown are plain. Between their heads is a plate inscribed,
IgeBptbe Stauertoon Bafter to BapgnalB KRpIlpams of IBotfelB in the ffionntpe
of IBark : essqupet.
Above is a shield bearing, ar. a chevr. sa. betw. 3 water bougets
vert, Staverton; imp. quart., 1st and 4th defaced; 2nd and 3rd, a
chevr. betw. 3 hons' heads erased, on a chief nebule'e a pale charged
with a pehcan, all within a bordure charged with roundles. See
No. 226. The inscr. at the feet is lost.
No. 378.
1591. James Gray. Hunsdon, Herts.
On a single plate of brass, a man atthed in a forester's dress,
with a sword and horn, shooting with a cross-bow at a stag.
Between the two, is a figure of death striki a dart into each of

BRASSES OF CIVILIANS AND LADIES OF THE 16TH CENTURY. 151
them, with a scroll from his mouth inscribed, ' sic pergo.' Beneath
is this inscr. :
Beloved of all whilst he had lyfe,
vnmoend of none when he did die,
Iames Gray, interred of his wife,
neer to this deaths=signe brasse doth lye.
yeares thirtie fyve in good renownn
Parke and hovse=Keeper in This Towne,
Obiit. 12 die Decembris A°. Dni 1591.
iETATIS. sve. 69.

No. 379.
1592. Roger James, Brewer. All Hallows', Barking, London.
A large figure with close-cropped hah, moustaches and long
beard, wearing a doublet and gown like No. 355, with the sleeves
of the latter striped at the shoulders. At the upper sinister corner
is a shield with the arms of the Brewers' Company, (see Introd.)
^cre bnBer Herb pe boBpe of IRoget lames late of lonBon ISrctocr toboe betnge
of the age of tbteeskote anB seuen BepatteB this Ipfe the seconB Bape of JFElarcb fn
the peare of our XorBe one ©hotosanB fibe hunBreB foure skore anB ffileaben?
Ieabinge behlnB him Sara his topfe eight sonnes anB one Baugbter.
No. 380.
1592. Walter Bailey, M.D. New College Chapel, Oxford.
A figure not turned sdwys, habited like No. 376, with the sleeves
striped at his shoulders. Above is a plate with these arms; gu.
3 martlets or, a chief vaire ; over them a helmet with the crest, a
fleur-de-lys counterchanged. ffiualtcrus tumulo Dormft Madams in fsto,
ffiuf Dotfeasttensfe pattfa funBus etat.
cKiccbamicfs BiBlcft fuuenfe quam sumptlbus arte
ffiranBior banc lector regtus eBocuit.
JFama bftum euexft regina acciutt aB aulam,
Dungetet bt mcBicis lElijabetba suis.
1|(c ttla lustra eglt longe illusttfssimus amplo
1Et celebtf, quantum Bat meBfcina loco.
ffibatus erat multte, Bum bita manebat, et IBem
DcflcnBus multfe, bfta bbf fugft, erat.
©bijt3° JSlattij anno salutfe humana mectcelxxxxij artatis sue 63° ^osult
ffirulielmus ISailcp fflius amotis et pietatfe monumentum.

152 BRASSES OF CIVILIANS AND LADIES OF THE 16TH CENTURY.
There is the following mutilated marg. inscr. :
1|[anc subtus patbam casus Bemlsit fn utnam
©ccultum motbo] suppeBitante malum
figuem neq? cotroso tenuis ^ulmone catari[fjus
ISis puttte in summo nee pijtufta loco :
figeuem non fgnlto ffiausos feruote, nee ingens
^Ibstulit exaso quam ^tope tene lapis.
See Wood's Coll., p. 203.
For an account of his life and works see Athen. Oxon., vol. i.
p. 586. While he was court physician, it appears that the earl of
Leicester endeavoured to displace him, for refusing to prescribe for
the countess at Cumnor, because he suspected poison would be mixed
with the medicines. See Ashmole, Hist, of Berks, vol. i. p. 159.
The stone in which this brass is inlaid, is evidently an altar-slab;
the smaU crosses at the corners, and two of the arms of the centre
cross, are stiU visible.

No. 381.
1592. John Lyon, and Wipe. St. Mary's, Harrow, Middx.
The former is habited like No. 367, but with plain trunk-hose.
The wife wears a hat, ruff, a gown open up the front of the skirt,
and secured by a sash ; the skirt of the under-dress is unornamented.
The lower part of the figure is mutilated, and the figure of a child
lost! Heare lyeth bvryed the bodye of Iohn Lyon late of Preston in this
Pish yeoman deceased the hi"1 daye of October in the yeare of ovr
Lord. 1592. who hath Fovnded a free Grammer Schoole in this Pish to
have continvance for ever and for ma1ntenavnce thereof and for
releyfe of the poore and of some poore schollers in the vniversityes,
repayringe of high wayes, and other good and charitable vses hath
made convayavnce of lands of good valve to a corporacion gravnted
for that pvrpose. prayse be to the avthor of al goodnes who make
vs myndefvll to followe his good example.
Lyon founded Harrow school in 1571. John Norden in 1593
writes thus : " There is a schoole in Harow, as yet not a free schoole,
but intented to be, and one Iohn Lyons Gent, hath giuen (after his
decease to be imployed towards the erection and founding thereof,)
300. pound, and 30. pound per ann. for a Master, and 10. pound for
an Vsher (as it is informed) a president good to be foUowed of the
able." Speculum Britannia?, pt. i. p. 23.

BRASSES OF CIVILIANS AND LADIES OF THE 16TH CENTURY. 153
No. 382.
1598. Henry Slypield Esquire, and Wipe.
St. Nicholas's, Great Bookham, Surrey.
He has moustaches and beard, and wears a doublet with tight
sleeves ; over it, a gown open in front, with false sleeves hanging
from behind the shoulders. His wife wears a close h. dr., has her
hair brushed up in front above the temples, but depressed in the
centre like the horned h. dr. She has also a kirtle with tight sleeves,
pointed stomacher, and skirt highly ornamented with scroll-work :
over this is another gown, sleeveless, open in front, turned over at
the neck, and at the waist contracted by a sash. Both these gowns
are stiff, and enlarge abruptly at the hips.
Here lieth bvried Henry Slyfield Esq : & Elizabeth his wipe who
was the davghter of rlchard bvckfold citizen of lond : the sayd
h: was of ye age of 56 yeres & deceased a° dni 1598. & had issve by
his wife 6 sones & 4 davghters.
Beneath are the two groups of children. Above are three shields
with the arms of Slifield, gu., a fesse engr. ar. betw. 3 saltires or.,
and Buckfold, per chevr. ar. and sa., 3 bucks' heads counterchanged,
attired or ; and other quarterings. No. 383.
1598. Johanna Bradshawe, and Husbands.
St. Giles's, Noke, Oxon.
On a quadrangular plate are engraved the kneeling figures of a
lady between her two husbands. She, and one of her husbands, are
dressed like the preceding example ; the other husband wears a long
gown with loose sleeves, and a hood and cape ; behind him are four
sons, and behind his wife four dau. Above are two shields bearing,
I. ar., 2 bars gu., Mainwaring, imp. a harrow (?). TI. quart. 1st and
4th, ar. ? 2 bends sa. ? an annulet for diff., Bradshawe ; 2nd and 3rd,
quart., 1 and 4, a cross patonce, over all a bendlet ; 2 and 3, on a
cross 5 lozenges, imp. a harrow?
Here lyeth the bodye of Johan Bradshawe davghter and coheire of
John Hvrste of Kingston on Temes the covntie of svrry Gent, who
had to her first hvsband "William Manwayringe of Eastham in the
county of Essex Gent, who died the 10th day of October A° 1529. and
x

154 BRASSES OF CIVILIANS AND LADIES OF THE 16TH CENTURY.
TO HER SECOND HVSBAND HeNRY BRADSHAWE ESQ. LATE LORD CHEIFE BaR-
ron of thexchqver who had issve betwene them 4 sonnes & 4 davgh-
ters ; who dyed 27° day of ivlye 1553 the said johan all her life was
very charitable to the poore and pchased lands & rents for ever to
the vse of the poore of the towne of noke in the covntie of oxon.
& to Halton & Wendover in the covntie of Bvck. and at her chargys
newlye bvilte this chappell and dyed 27° day of febrvary a° 1598 a°
Rne Elizabethe 41°

No. 384.
1598. Edward Duke Esquire, and Wipe.
St. Mary's, Benhall, Suffolk.
Two figures dressed as No. 382 : the stomacher of the lady is plain,
and she has no sash. Above are three shields with these arms ; I.
quart. 1st, Duke (see No. 239); 2nd, a bird displayed; 3rd, a fesse
betw. 2 chevr., a canton; 4th, a fesse betw. 2 chevr. II. the same,
imp. sa., a crescent betw. 2 muUets in pale, ar., Jermyn. III. quart.
1st, Jermyn ; 2nd, a fesse betw. 3 roses ; 3rd, quart. 1 and 4, quart.
within a bordure charged with roundles, a crescent for diff., 2 and 3,
a dog collared; 4th as 1st.
Here lyeth the body of Edward duke Esq : who maried Dorothye
one of the davghters of sr ambrose jermine knight and haveing issve
TEN SONES & SIX DAVGHTERS DYED THE SECOND DAY OF APRILL ANNO DnI
1598. Beneath are ten sons, two and two, wearing cloaks, &c, and six
dau. also in couples. No. 385.
1599. Richard Ratclipp, M.D., and Wipe,
New College Chapel, Oxford.
Small figures on a quadrangular plate, represented as kneehng on
cushions, and habited as No. 382. The lady's kirtle is plain ; the
husband holds a scroU in his right hand, his left rests on a scull.
RlCHARDVS RATCL1FF, IN MEDICINA DOCTOR OBIJT JaNVARU 18 1599. SE-
pvltvs Est Jan. 21. .Statis svje 54.
Qvem PROBITAS, virtvs, pietas doctrina tveri
Non poterat vivv, vel prohibere mori •
con1vx chara viro monvmentv triste svperstes
defvncto statv1t, constitvitq' sibi.

BRASSES OF CIVILIANS AND LADIES OF THE 17TH CENTURY. 155
No. 386.
c. 1600. A Civilian and Wipe.
St. John Baptist's, Latton, Essex.
The former in a doublet, a long gown open and faced with fur in
front, and with false sleeves striped. The lady is dressed as No. 382.
The inscr. is lost.

No. 387.
c. 1600. A Civilian and Wipe.
St. Thomas a Becket 's, Goring, Oxon.
Two figures dressed as No. 382. The wife wears a hat over
her heart-shaped h. dr., her dress is plain, and her ruff large. The
inscr. is lost. Beneath are 3 sons and 5 dau.
No. 388.
c. 1600. Mary Leventhorp.
St. Michael's, Sawbridgeworth, Herts.
A large figure exhibiting a good specimen of Elizabethan cos
tume. She is dressed like No. 382 : the lappet of her h. dr. is
thrown forward over her head, she wears an immense ruff, and has a
flounce at the top of the skirt of her gown : she has also a jewelled
girdle, necklace, and bracelets.
Here lyeth bvried Mary ye wife of Edward Leventhorp Esqvire
who died at Rome in Avgvst 1566. & is there accordinge to his decree
decently interred this mary was ye second davghter of sr henry
Parker Knight eldest sonne & heire apparant to Harry Lord Mor-
ley . this Edward & Mary had Issve to theire eldest sonne John
Leventhorp. No. 389.
1601. John James and Wipe.
SS. Peter and Paul, Aldeburgh, Suffolk.
On a quadrangular plate are the very small figures of a man and

156 BRASSES OF CIVILIANS AND LADIES OF THE 17TH CENTURY.
his wife, like No. 387. Behind the former are two sons, behind the
latter three dau.
The corps of Iohn Iames, was bVryed vnder this stone
in ye year of or lord, one thovsand six hvndreth & one
his age 50 lack 10 dayes, well to be tryed,
when in his last baily week then he dyed.

He HAD IoAN TO HIS WIFE TWENTY SIX YEARES
BY HER HAD FIVE CHILDREN AS WELL IT APPEARES
TWO SONES AND 3 DAVGHTERS, THEY WERE Wcn THEY HAD,
Vtcb OF TEN TIMES MADE THEM BOTH MERY AND GLAD.

Bvt now from those pleasvres, he cease for to rest,
wher god hath appoynted, and he likes it best
whose trust in god ever was with him to remaine,
and in his end hoped, his blis to obtaine.

I (a merchant's mark) I.
who lvsts to live the world to see,
and pleasvres therin crave,
at length he shal be dispossest
and bvryed in the grave.
Deceased the 21 of ivly 1601.

No. 390.
1601. Radclipf Wingfeld. All Saints' , Easton, Suffolk.
A large figure of a lady, very similar to No. 388, and apparently
the work of the same artist : her stomacher is plain. Above are two
shields bearing, I. quart, of ten pieces; 1st, defaced, Wingfield (?)
(No. 144); 2nd, Bovile (No. 233); 3rd, Gousell (? Ibid.) ; 4th,
Arundel (No. 249) ; 5th, Warren, (Ibid.) ; 6th, quart., gu. and or,
in the first quart, an escallop, Vere ; 7th, vert, a lion ramp, ar.,
crowned — , Bulbeck ; 8th, barry of 6, Sandford (?) ; 9th, 2 bars,
Badlesmere (?); 10th, gu., a bend betw. 3 (6?) cross crosslets
fitchee or, Howard : imp. quart. 1st and 4th, az., a lion ramp, erm.,
ducally crowned or, Gerard ; 2nd and 3rd, ar. 3 torteaux in bend
betw. 2 cottises sa., a crescent for diff., Ince. On the other shield

BRASSES OF CIVILIANS AND LADIES OF THE 17TH CENTURY. 157
the sinister of last, imp. quart. 1st, ar., a bend engr. sa., Radcliff ;
2nd, a cross patonce betw. 4 martlets ; 3rd, a lion ramp. ; 4th, as
first. Here lyeth bvried Radcliff Wingfeld the wyfe of Thomas Wing-
FELD OF EASTON EsQVIER, Ye DAVGHTER OF S' GILBERT GERRARDE KNIGHT,
of Bromley Gerrarde in Stafforde Shire sometyme master of the
Rowles & of Dame Anne Gerrarde his wyfe, which saide Radcliff dyed
THE XVIIjth DAYE OF IVLY 1601.

No. 391.
1602. W.Newman. St. Hugh's, Harlow, Essex.
On an oblong plate, a man dressed as No. 367, but with plain
trunk-hose. On his left is a figure of death wearing a sash, and
holding a dart. On a tablet between them is inscribed,
Obijt. 1602 Veritas mihi Dulcior Vita. W: Newman.

No. 392.
1604. Frances Frankelin. St. John Baptist's, Latton, Essex.
A large fem. figure, wearing a smaU cap, (Paris head,) and a
stomacher gown, with false sleeves dependent behind the arms : the
skirt is ornamented with scroll-work, and has a flounce at the top ;
the tight sleeves of an under-dress cover the arms. At her right,
stands a son, and at her left, a dau., both being dressed much like
their mother. Above are two shields ; I. ar., on a bend az., 3 dol
phins of the field, Franklin; imp. quart. 1st and 4th, ar., 3 pheons
sa., on a chief of the 2nd, a greyhound courant of the, 1st, collared
gu., Roberts ; 2nd and 3rd, paly per fesse 3 demi-lions crowned, the
colours counterchanged : II. Franklin.
Here lyeth bvried Frances Frankelin, wife of Rychard Frankeli
of Willesdon in Midd : Esq.' & davghter to Frances Robert' Esqvire
who Deceased the v"1 of September, 1604. beinge of the age of xxiij
yeres, and lefte behinde her a sonne and a davghter, decended in the
fovrth generation from the lady ivdd.

158 BRASSES OF CIVILIANS AND LADIES OF THE 17TH CENTURY.
No. 393.
1605. Bridgett Smith, and Daughter.
St. Bartholomew's, Orford, Suffolk.
In the S. A. is a large brass of two fem. figures, the one above the
other; the upper wears a circular cap, a ruff, a plain kirtle, and a
gown over it, open in front ; the under, a pointed hat, with a wreath
round the crown, a ruff, a kirtle with a pointed bodice, a flounce over
an ornamented skirt, and striped sleeves : over this, another gown,
open in front and sleeveless ; at her right hand is a son, and at her
left three dau., the two eldest having sculls over their heads, to inti
mate that they were dead. Under the upper lady is this inscr., which
is very similar to that on the brasses of Bp. Pursglove, 1579, at
Tideswell, Derbyshire, and Walter Tooke ? and wife, 1598, Worm-
ley, Herts.
In Christ aloone is all ovr trvst, salvation to obtayne
althovgh ovr bodyes lye in earth ovr sovles with christ remayne.
fvll brittle is ye state of flesh, and soone it doeth decaye
so all the glory of this worlde mvst passe and vade awaye.
Beneath the under figure :
In yovthfvl yeres I was berefte of bketh
THE DEVINE POWER, OF ME DID SO DEVISE
THAT I IN GRAVE, SHOVLD LIE A LINGRING SLEEPE
TIlL SOVNDE OF TRVMP DOO SVMMON ME TO RISE.
Surrounding the whole is this marg. inscr. :
lete Ipeth pe boBp of IBtiBgett Smith &>ho haB 2 busbanB'. ut? ^Robert ffiouet=
Ball, anB IRobett ISence & haB issue bp Bobert. bj. chiltue 8c bp Hobert IBenre
of this totone, one sone, anB. ij. Baughters, the sapB IBtiBgett, BeceaseB the xibiijtb
of Jttarcb. 1605. beinge ages Ixb peies anB her Baught' 3one daughter of Bobert
IBence toas matpeB to Kohert afflheatlep 0f innB' Salter, anB haB Essue bp him
one sone anB iij Baught' p" sapB Sone BeceaseB the xxth of 3>ulp 1603. Shee bias
butpeB in S' ISuttolpbes tolllout 'SUgate lEonBo : being of age 28. peres.

No. 394.
1606. Alice Bernard. All Saints', Turvey, Beds.
The dress like No. 382, with a circlet round the h. dr., and a
ruff. Above on a shield, quart, of 6 pieces ; 1st, ar., a bear ramp.
sa. muzzled or, Bernard; 2nd, 3 fishes naiant within a bordure

BRASSES OF CIVILIANS AND LADIES OF THE 17TH CENTURY. 159
engr. ; 3rd, a bordure charged with roundles, a canton ; 4th, fretty;
5th, a bend lozengy ; 6th, Bernard : imp. quart. 1st and 4th, erm.,
on a flasque 2 lions pass, in pale ; 2nd and 3rd, a dragon ramp.
Here lieth y* body of Alice Bernard, the wife of Richard Bernard
Esqvire, the davghter of John Chvbnoll of Astwood Esq :, who de
parted THIS LIFE Ye 24* OF APRILL, 1606. BEINGE OF Ye AGE OF LxlIIJ
yeares in remembrance of whose vertves & religiovs piety, her hvs-
band Richard Bernard hath laid this Monvmet.

No. 395.
1606. William Bence, and Wife.
SS. Peter and Paul, Aldeburgh, Suffolk.
In the nave is the figure of a man with moustaches and beard,
dressed in a doublet, trunk-hose, a gown open in front, with false
sleeves dependent behind. His wife wears a hat, a plain kirtle, and
a sleeveless gown open in front, contracted at the waist, and pro
jecting at the hips. Both wear ruffs. Above them is the fol
lowing :
Hie iacet Gvilelmvs Bence dvm vixit vnvs capitliv Bvrgesivm istivs
VILLE QVI OBIJT SECVNDO DIE SEPTEMBRIS ANNO DNI 1606 ANOO jETATIS SVj£
57 et nvptvs Mari^; Blome Reliqvit 'ples Rob'tvm, Johem, Thomam, et
Mariam, expectans Resvrrecconem mortvorvm.
Beneath them are these verses :
If to be Jvst, Religiovs, Wise, and Free
Be mans : or his, what better covld there bee
To Stravngers Kinde, and to his home so deare,
Well knowne for Traffick, w"1 those nations neare.
If to attaine a competent possession
By faithfvlle paines freed from oppression
Or of his word so circvmspect and sovnde
As that the same beyond the lawes him bovnde
And by that straight Rvle w1* experience brings
Tooke the trve height' of momentary things
Boldly her Bence many Aldborovgh preferre
Whome as she bredd here kyndely doth interr.

No. 396.
1606. Barbara Eliot.
Holy Trinity Church, Sutton Coldfield, Warwickshire.
A figure habited as the last, but her stomacher is ornamented with
scales, and instead of a hat, she wears a kerchief thrown over her

160 BRASSES OF CIVILIANS AND LADIES OF THE 17TH CENTURY.
head, and falling on her shoulders. On either side of her is a small
figure of a son and dau.
Hie iacet Barbara Eliot filia Raphaelis Simonds generosi vxor
magistri Rogeri Eliot, rectoris hvivs ecclesls: qvje obijt mense Sept :
an0 Dni millesi : sex — cent : sexto An" .statis svm. vicesim. qvarto et
habvit exitv' Raphaelem Eliot et Elizabetha Eliot.
No. 397.
1607. Thomas Cogdell, Yeoman, and Wives.
St. Lawrence's, Abbot's Langley, Herts.
Three figures like No. 395.
Ijerr lieth the boBie of ©bomas CCogBcll of this patrishe TBcoman tofjo haB
2 toibes bi? Sane 8c 'Slice) 1§ee BeceaseB pe 12 Bate of fcbtuatp %n° ©iij 1607
being of pe age of 83 peares : tobo Iperi) 1§ere fn peace in the state of corruption :
bntill Sesus CDbrist shall come to testote p* same tn the glotious libettie of all his
Saint' to immortalitie anB life euetlastinge.
No. 398.
1607. Margaret Chewt.
All Saints', Ellough, Suffolk.
On the S. side of the chancel is a figure wearing an immense
h. dr., (resembling the horned h. dr. of the XV. cent.,) and a
kirtle with sleeves, also a girdle, necklace, and bracelets, aU orna
mented with jewels. Above are two shields bearing, Playters
(No. 179) ; and or (?) 3 swords barways, with their points to the
dexter, sa. ; above is written cheut.
Heer lyeth bvryd margret chewt. thee faithfvll lovinge wife of
ARTHVRE CHEWT GENT  DAVGHTER TO ChRISTOFER PLAYTORS EsQVIER
WHOE DIED AT THE AGE OF 55 (?) IN FEBRVARIE 1607.
No. 399.
1608. Bury Blunsden.
St. Andrew's, Broad Blunsdon, Wilts.
A fem. figure dressed as No. 395, but wearing a close cap, with a
lappet behind thrown forward over her head, and false sleeves to her
outer gown. Beneath are two dau., habited like No. 395, but with
plain h. dr.
Part of a marg. inscr. remains :
 BVRY BLVNSDEN DYED BEINGE THE MOTHER OF HIS TWO DAVGHTERS
& HEIRE  1608 OF THE XJ DAY OF 

BRASSES OF CIVILIANS AND LADIES OF THE 17TH CENTURY. 161
No. 400.
1610. Anthony Pettow, Yeoman.
Holy Trinity Church, Middleton, Suffolk.
Dressed like No. 367, but with knee-breeches in place of trunk-
hose. Here lieth the bodie of Anthony Pettow Yeoman who maried
Fravncis davghter of Thomas Bishope of Kelleshall Yeoman wch
cavsed this marble Stone to be layd who departed this life the x'vith
of November Annoq' dni 1610. of the age of liiij.
No. 401.
1611. Michael Hare Esquire, and Wives.
St. Peter's, Bruisyard, Suffolk.
The husband is lost ; his wives, not turned sdwys, are dressed as
No. 395, but have kerchiefs thrown over their heads, and falling on
their shoulders ; the stomacher of one is tied up the centre with
bows. Two shields bear, I. gu. 2 bars or, a chief indented of the
2nd, Hare, imp. ar. a chevr. gu. betw. 3 caps az., Brudenell ; II.
quart. 1st and 4th, Hare, 2nd and 3rd, gyronny of 12.
T|ic facet © JWcbael l^ate atmiger quonBa tins Be IBruspetB cum Buab' bxotf=
bus sufs TEUsabttba Tiobcrt & J&arfa IBruBenel £guf quiBe Jtticbacl obijt Bie
rj mensis 'aprilis &no xpl. 1611. No. 402.
1613. Anthony Cooke. St. Peter's, Yoxford, Suffolk.
Dressed like No. 395, but with knee-breeches instead of trunk-
hose. An epitaphe vpon Anthony Cooke, who deceased vpon Ester Monday
Anno Dni 1613.
At the dve sacrifice of the paschall lambe
Aprill had eayghte days wepte in showers the came
leane hvngry deathe who never pitty tooke
And cawse Ye feaste was ended slewe this COOKE.
On ESTER MONDAY HE LYVES THEN NO DAYE MORE
Bvt svncke to rise wth him that Rose before
Hees heere intombed A man of vertves line
Outreche his yeares yet they were seveanty nyne
He lefte on earthe tenn Children of eleaven
To KEErE HIS name whilste himselfe wente to heaven.
y

162 BRASSES OF CIVILIANS AND LADIES OF THE 17TH CENTURY.

No. 403.
1613. Henry Dickson, George Miller, and Anthony Cooper,
Servants.
St. Mary's, Watford, Herts.
On a quadrangular plate, three figures like No. 381, with swords
at their sides. Over them,
Henry Dickson g George Miller | Anthony Cooper.
deceased the ! Deceased the vth i
xxvth of Jvne : 1610. i of April 1613. '
Beneath their feet ;
Here lyeth bvryed the bodies of Henry Dickson George Miller
and Anthony Cooper who were late Servant's to Sr Charles Morrison
Knight deceased & after Contynewed in service w'l" Dorothie La :
Morrison his wife & Sr Charles Morrison Knight and Barronett
their sonne, by the space of 40 year's in memory of them the sayd
Dorothie La : Morrison hath vovchsafed this stone and inscription.

No. 404.
1614. William Gale, Gent., and Wipe.
St. Mary's, Hadley, Middlesex.
Two figures like No. 382, but the man has striped sleeves and
trunk-hose, and his wife has a flounce at the top of the skirt of her
upper gown, which is secured by a sash.
Here lyeth the bodye of William Gale Gent, somtime M'. of Arts
in Oxford, who had to wife Anne Gale the davghter of Roger Bragge
Gent, and had issve by her 2 sonnes William and Nicholas Ye said
Nicholas deceased before his father : ye above sayd William Gale,
DYED THE XXXth DAYE OF MARCH An0 DnI 1614. BEINGE ABOVT THE AGE OF
FORTYE YEARES.
Beneath are the figures of a little boy, and his elder brother wear
ing a cloak and sword. Between them is a shield bearing, az. on a
fesse betw. 3 saltiers ar., as many lions' heads erased, of the field,
imp. a chevr. betw. 3 bulls passant.

BRASSES OF CIVILIANS AND LADIES OF THE 17TH CENTURY. 163
No. 405.
1615. James Hobart, and Wife.
Holy Trinity Church, Loddon, Norfolk.
Dressed as No. 382 ; the wife with a plain gown.
Here lyeth the body of James Hobart Esq: & Francis his wife,
Davght : vnto Sr Willia Drvry of Havsted in Ye covnt : of Svff :
Knight : who lived together 60 yere and had Issve 8. sones, & 6
davght : she depted this life ye 12th of jvne 1609, and he depted the
6th DAY OF FEBRVary 1615. His Age 91.
For vertve & hospitality
Deo hominibvsq? cari.
No. 406.
1617. Robert Lawson, and Wipe.
St. Hugh's, Harlow, Essex.
The man in a gown faced with fur, and with false sleeves : his wife
with a kerchief thrown over her h. dr., and her gown open in front
below the waist. The lower portions of the figures are lost.
Here lyeth bvried the body of Margery Lawson late wife of Robert
Lawson Gent, and Davghter of Nicholas Cely Gent : wch Margery
DECEASED Ye 2» OF JANVARY ANNO DNI 1617.
On the right of the inscr. and on the same plate is a shield, bear
ing, per pale ar. and sa. a chevr. counterchanged, in chief an escal
lop of the 2nd, imp. quart. 1st, az. a chevr. betw. 3 muUets or,
Cely ; 2nd, 3 crescents, a chief erm. ; 3rd, erm. on a chevr. 5
roundles ; 4th, 2 bars, on a chief as many roundles.
No. 407.
1618. Johanna Brooke. St. Peter's, Yoxford, Suffolk.
Wearing a curious coiffure, a large quantity of hair being confined
in a cap at the top of her head, and encircled by a jewelled fillet;
she has a ruff, a kirtle with pointed stomacher, tight sleeves, and
skirt ornamented with scroll-work. Over it is a gown open up the

164 BRASSES OF CIVILIANS AND LADIES OF THE 17TH CENTURY.
front, and having a plaited flounce at the top. The feet of the figure
are ridiculously small.
Hie iacet sepvlta domina Johanna Brooke vxor Roberti Brooke
Militis QVjE fvit primogenita filiarvm Hvmfridi Weld Militis vixit
ANNOS, TRIGINTA OCTO ET OBIIT XXU DIE MAIJ An0 DNI. 1618.

No. 408.
1618. Christian Foxe. St. Peter's, Yoxford, Suffolk.
A figure like the lower one of 393.
Here lyeth bvried Christian Foxe, the wife of Iohn Foxe, by whom
he had Issve one Sonne, she departed this life the fouertenne day of
December in the yeere of ovr Lord 1618 she beeinge of the age of
twentye and 9 yeares. vixit dvm vixit bene.
Beneath is the figure of a son.

No. 409.
1621. Josias Bull.
Holy Trinity Church, Sutton Coldfield, Warwickshire.
A small figure like No. 395, but with knee-breeches instead of
trunk-hose. Above, on a shield, az. 3 annulets in fesse or, betw. as
many bulls' heads erased, ar. attired of the 2nd; imp. az. a chevr.
(ar ?) betw. 3 covered cups or, a mullet for diff., Boteler.
Here vnder resteth Ye body of Iosias Bvll late of this towne Gent :
he tooke to wife Katherine Walshe widdowe. davghter of Willm Bot-
lier of Tyes in Essex Esq': by whom he had issve 4 sonnes & 1 davgh
ter Josias Henry George John & Ann he deceased the 29th of March
ANO. 1621. ABOVT Ye AGE OF 50. YEARES.
Beneath are four sons and a dau.
No. 410.
1628. Christopher Stickland, Gent.
St. Mary's, Yielden, Beds.
On an oblong plate is a figure like No. 381.
HEERE LYETH THE BODY OF CHRISTOPHER STICKLAND GENT: WHO LIVED IN
THIS PARISH A LONG TIME, AND WAS A VERY GOOD BENEFACTOR, HEE DYED THE
12 of Jan : 1628 being of the age op 80 yeares.

BRASSES OF CIVILIANS AND LADIES OF THE 17TH CENTURY. 165
No. 411.
1635. Alexander Bence, and Wives.
SS. Peter and Paul, Aldeburgh, Suffolk.
Three figures turned towards the left. The man has a beard and
moustaches, and wears a large ruff, a doublet with tight sleeves,
knee-breeches, garters, stockings and shoes, and a long gown with
false sleeves. His wives are dressed in hats with broad brims, ruffs,
and gowns open to the waist and girded.
Here lyeth bvried the body of John the son of Alexander Bence
who had two wives Mary and Elizabeth by his first wife Mary who
lyeth interred by him he had issve 4 sones and two Davghters . Viz :
John Alexander Edmvnd Mary and Elizabet, these five weare living
AT HIS DEATH, HE WAS BaYLIF OF THIS CORPORATION FOVER TIMES AND DYED
THE SECOND OF JVLY ANNO DOMINI 1635 iETATIS SWS. 54.
No. 412.
1640. John Coggeshall? and Wipe.
St. Bartholomew's, Orford, Suffolk.
A single plate, with the figures of a man and his wife kneeling at
a circular table, on which are open books on a desk. The man has
a long gown with false sleeves braided on the shoulders : his wife
wears a large veU over her head, which falls behind to the heels, a
kirtle with a flounce, puffed and slashed sleeves : both figures wear
ruffs. From their mouths proceed scrolls, inscribed, on a brass
tablet. Grant thes May liue 1 in Charytee and hope
Inspired by thee S Through faith.
Behind the man kneel five sons, and behind the wife two dau.
Above, on an oval plate, is a shield bearing, ar. a cross betw. 4 escal
lops sa., a martlet for diff., Coggeshall, imp. a millrind betw. 2 mart
lets in fesse : over this a helmet with the crest, a stag lodged, sa.
Above aU are two naked boys, one on either side, drawing aside a
curtain, and supporting a lamp. Inscr. lost ?

166 BRASSES OF CIVILIANS AND LADIES OF THE 17TH CENTURY.

No. 413.
1640. George Coles, and Wives. St. Sepulchre's, Northants.
A large brass, consisting of a single plate, with a man holding the
hands of his two wives, who stand one on either side of him. The
figures are dressed as No. 411, but the man wears trunk-hose, and a
collar turned over instead of a friU : his wives' stomachers are thrown
open in front. Beneath, on two plates, are, 1. two sons and a dau. ;
2. seven sons and two dau. The children are represented as walking,
and in a studied posture. The sons wear short cloaks, some of them
have loose sleeves, and cuffs with buttons round them. Below, on
another plate, are two hands joined, and beneath them these lines :
Farewell trve friend, Reader Understand
By this Mysterious knott oi hand in hand,
This Emblem doth (what friends mvst fayle to doe)
Relate our Friendshipp, and its firmnes too,
Svch was OVR love, not time, but death doth sever
ovr mortall parts bvt 07r immortall never.
All things doe vanish here belowe above
Svch as ovr life is there, svch is ovr love.
On a marg. inscr. :
Here resteth y' body of Mr George Coles of Northampton w"1 his
2 wives Sarah and Eleanor by whom he had 12 Children he gave to
piovs vses xi1 yearely for ever to this towne and deceased ye first of
Janvary 1640.

No. 414.
1641. Ann Bedingpeild. All Saints' , Darsham, Suffolk.
With flowing hair, and wearing a long straight gown Uke a great
coat, with a cape, loose sleeves, and turned over cuffs with buttons
on them. Her left hand holds a kerchief. Above, on two square plates,
are these arms; I. erm. an eagle displayed gu., Bedingfeild; imp.
bendy of 9, a chief erm., Hawke ? : II. Hawke ?
Here lyeth bvried y" body of Mis- Anne Bedingfeild late wife op
Evstace Bedingfeild of Holme-hale in y« Covnt : of Norf : Esq : who
pvt off her mortalitie the 29 day of march a". 1641. being op age 80
yeaes & 7 montiies.

MISCELLANEOUS BRASSES. 167
No. 415.
1683. Anne Dunch. St. Peter's, Little Wittenham, Berks.
A smaU oblong plate, with a child in a long dress, and tight sleeves.
Above, on a separate plate,
Behold an Innocent without spott
Other then from its Parents gott
Let none these Little ones Despise
Since theyre soe Precious in Christs eys
But Guilty Parents humbly Pray
to become Innocent as they
th' old man cannot 'tis ye new babe must please
Heavens only promised to such as these.
Below the figure :
Here ly's Anne Dunch y° Daugh. of Henry Dunch & of Anne Dunch
his wife who being born 13 of Nov : 1682. departed this life Aug : 29.
1683. Fiat Voluntas Dei.

PART IV.

MISCELLANEOUS BKASSES.
No. 416.
1527. Sir Peter Legh, Knt. and Priest, and Wipe.
St. Oswald's, Winwick, Lancashire.
On the floor of the Legh chapel is the brass of a knt. in plate
armour, bare headed, and with his sword at his side. Over the
armour, he wears a chasuble with ornamented borders, on his breast
a shield, bearing quart, of 6; 1, ar. a cross sa. in the 1st quart.
a fleur-de-lys of the last, Haydock ; 2, gu. a cross engr. ar., Legh;
3, a chevr. betw. 3 crosses fleury; 4, ar. a mullet sa., Ashton; 5,

168 MISCELLANEOUS BRASSES.
Molineux (No. 336) ; 6, a chevr. betw. 3 covered cups, on a chief 3
lozenges. His hands are raised on the sides of the shield. His
lady wears a ped. h. dr., a long gown with fur cuffs, above which is
a short sideless kirtle of fur secured by a girdle, and over all a
mantle, bearing on the dexter side a cross, on the sinister ar. a
pale (?) fusilly sa., Savage. Round her neck a T cross is suspended.
Above the figures a shield is hanging obUquely from a strap, and
bearing the six quart, above mentioned : over it a helmet with
mantling, and the crest, a ram's head erased, in his mouth a laurel
sprig. Beneath were the figures of children, probably 4 sons and 5
dau. There is a marg. inscr. with Evang. symb.
?J< ®rate pro alab? probf Viti Biii ^etrl lecrh Jfitilitis 1§lc tumulati et One
lElene bx' eius ft'Iic Sohis Sabagc JfSlilitis cuius quit)' lEltnc corpus sepellt' 3lpuB
IBc&ogcntu 17 Bie jlWensfs JBlafj anno bomini JWillesimo ffiffiffiffi Imri.
The inscr. is resumed beneath the feet of the figures.
EBem q? petrus post (plus Gtac mortf i sacerBotem canoire cosrerat' obijt apuB
Inme I hauler) xi" Vie augusti a" of m° bc nbfj°.

SHROUDS AND SKELETONS.
No. 417.
1472. Thomas Flemmyng, Priest.
New College Chapel, Oxford.
A small emaciated figure in a shroud. Beneath is this inscr.,
partly covered by the stalls :
bit Sacet magr ©boas ffleinnng [fn btrocr? jure] bacallari' ac quoBam socius
bui' co[Ucgij quf obijt bij] Bie mens' aplis anno Bni millcsim[o cccctalj fflulus]
anime propicietur Beus amen.
No. 418.
c. 1480. A Priest. Sr. Mary's, Stifford, Essex.
He is enveloped in a shroud, which is open at the top, and dis
plays his head, and hands supporting a heart inscribed m'rn : the
feet are also visible. A scroll round the head, and an inscr. at the
feet, are lost.

SHROUDS AND SKELETONS. 169
No. 419.
1484. John Leventhorp Esquire, and Wiffj.
St. Michael's, Sawbridgeworth, Herts.
Two large and well-executed figures in shrouds, with their eyes
closed, and holding hearts inscribed ihe m'en. The inscr. is lost, but
the following, preserved by Weever, (Fun. Mon., p. 549,) probably
belongs to this brass :
1§ic latent Sohannes leuenthotp ar. qui obiit bltimo Bie men3fs piaij
JW . cccc . Ixxxiiii & Soanna bxor eius, que obiit nix. augusti, m. cccc. xlbiij.
TEn iacet hie puluis, putreBo, bevmis et esca ;
3Et JFamulus mortis ; nam bfta iam caret ista.
3§ic nil scit, nil babet, nee birtus inBe telucet ;
ffieme luto bilius, horror, terror, fetor orbis,
approbrium cunttis. ac est abiectio plebis,
%ic frater aspice te, spira suttragia pro me.
Above are two shields with the same arms as No. 163. Beneath
were three other shields, two of which bore, I. ar., a bend, gobony,
gu. and sa., between two cottises of the second, Leventhorp, imp.
a chevr. with a label of three points ; II. Leventhorp quart, a fesse
betw. 3 fleur de lys. See Neale's Parochial Churches.
No. 420.
1485. Tomesina Tendryng.
St. Peter's, Yoxford, Suffolk.
On the floor at the side of the chancel is a large figure in a
shroud, with her hair extremely long, and her hands raised in the
attitude of devotion. Beneath, also in shrouds, are 3 sons and 2
dau. ; one of their hands holds the shroud in front of them, and the
other is placed on the breast. There are also two figures of dau.
with long hair, and gowns high girt, tight to the waist and sleeves,
with furred cuffs and flounces. At the upper dexter corner of the
slab is a shield with these arms, az. a pheon or, (or the colours
reversed,) Sidney, imp. ar. 3 chevr. gu., a label of as many points
az., Barrington.
3Bj(c facet ©omesina fflcnBrong nup bxor iffliili STenBrnng armigeri bna filial'
tOTlli £»Bnep armigeri TEt ©omesina iBargngtoii bxot' ei' qe q'Om ©omesina
obijt iiij° Bie mensis ©ctobr' a° Bni millio ffiffiffiffi" Ixxxb0 cui' ate micici' Be'
ame.

170 MISCELLANEOUS BRASSES.
No. 421.
1495. Margaret Shelley. Hunsdon, Herts.
A figure facing sdwys in a winding sheet : from her mouth pro
ceeds a scroll, part only of which remains.
 es spiritus lauBet Bominum.
Above, is a representation of the Holy Trinity.
3§fc iacet JJlargareta Shelleo nup bx' 3obannis Shellerj nup ciufs $r JBterceri
lonBon que obfjt xxiftj" Bie mensis JWarcij %° Brit JW° ffiffiffiffi Ixxxxb" cui' ale
jpiciet' Be ... .
Beneath was a shield, now lost. No. 422.
1497. William Leynthait ?.
St. Peter's, Great Hasely, Oxon.
A small figure in a shroud, at the S. E. corner of the S. A.
figuisqufs erfs qui transleris sta pspice plora
Sti quoB eris fuera cr? sfs pro me precor ora.
3|ic facet iBUllm' lepntbait Be quoBa Bits Be lachforB' quf obijt xxbiij°Bie mensfs
iunij a° Bnt 0L° ffiffiffiffi" Ixxxxbij0 cui' aie gitciet' Be.'
The arms over his head were, ar. on a bend cottised sa., 3 mullets
or, Lenthall.
No. 423.
1499. Richard Howard, and Wipe.
St. Michael's, Aylsham, Norfolk.
Two skeletons with their hands crossed on their breasts, and
shrouded. ©rate p atab? HUct l|ob)arti nup ciuis 8c bie' cmltalts Nortotcl & ffiecilie
bx'is el' . quf obijt xiij° Bie Sanuartj a» Biii J¥l° ffiffiffiffi° Ixxxx" ix°.
No. 424.
1507. Joan Strangbon. St. Mary's, Childrey, Berks.
A curious brass, representing at the lower part of the slab a female
figure in a shroud, lying on an altar-tomb, on the side of which is
inscribed, ®b(tus anno tiiil jfStillmo  eptimo.
From the feet and head of the figure proceeded two scrolls, the

SHROUDS AND SKELETONS. 171
terminations of which alone remain ; one is inscribed  ; lenson.
Above, is the following inscr. in raised letters :
Jfflaker of mankinB o goB in ©rnngte
@f thBn i)fgh" mercn g»unt me this bon
©hat for ms sobile seBtb a pat' nost' 8c aue
3Bougbf to ©bomas MalronB babtsiB be b„ name of Hone
Slffitife toben b in the toorlB lebpB to Mobt Stranghon
5Cf)e seconB BaB of ap'le f)tns passfB 8c lenB her l g"ue
©her atoet sorolis merca lorB g'unt them to f>aue amen.
Above, is a large and well-executed representation of the Holy
Trinity, which forms the most prominent feature of the brass. At
the sides were four shields, one of which is lost. The arms are,
a bend engr. betw. 2 lions ramp., imp. on the first shield, 3 lions
ramp., on the second, Quatremayns? (see No. 172.) and on the
'third,  defaced, in chief a Uon ramp.

No. 425.
1516. Ellen Bray. St. Mary's, Stoke D'Abernon, Surrey.
A small figure of a chUd-in swaddling clothes, on the head a cross
patee. ^raa for the sotole of lEhjn brag Botogbtur of s' lEBmonB brag fcnBgbt 8c Kane
has toBfe tohfche elan BfieB fie xbj Baa of Jttafj a° JUt0bcxbj.

No. 426.
1518. John Goodryngton Gent.
St. Laurence's, Appleton, Berks.
In the centre of the floor of the chancel is an emaciated figure in
a shroud. Igere iBetb 3!obn gooBtBngton geniBlma tobicb BecessiB the last Baa of Becembr'
an" Bnt JW ffiffiffifflffi xbiij. ©i sor charite p»s for has soule anB for IBorathe his
urpft tobicb aft' hfs Bethe toke relagson in bc monasters of sson.
No. 427.
c. 1530. John Claimond, President.
Corpus Christi College Chapel, Oxford.
An emaciated figure in a shroud, on the floor of the ante-chapel,

172 MISCELLANEOUS BRASSES.
but formerly at the right hand side below the altar steps. Beneath
is this inscr., in peculiar characters, and double columns :
lEpitapbiu Soannis ffilaimonBi. eguiB ipse incolumis,
ffijuiB pBrstis opes blanBa quiB luBicra pompa
CguiB baliBa bfres forma quiB egregia.
ffium bftse extreme tonftegit tempore fila
atropos et tenebris lumina clausa tegit
Spes nullo auxilij in nobis solatia nulla,
figuos ante ornastis Beseritis famulos
Spes sola in christo est inunso fonte bonorum
lEx quo prorumpit psBium misetis
¦ffitgo sibi comenBo animii christe accipe qua-so
atq? tufs semper pascito Belitijs
Bterra tibi reBBat corpus quanBo ante tribunal
ffiuncti apparebunt ©erriftcante tuba.
There is the following inscr. round the margin : the portions in
brackets are now lost, but are given in Wood's Coll., p. 401.
[H|ic iacet tumulatum corpus btnerabllis] JBtagrt Sobnis ffilaimonO' primi pre=
siBis hui' ffiollegij et preciput bencfactotis ettsBm fi|ui [quiBem Johannes] obiit
 Bfe  JJlensis  • an0 Bnt JWillmo Cguingcntesimu STri.csima
 ffiuius anime ct [animabus ffibrtsti fiBelium omnium Benefactoium pro=
pfcietut Beus amen].
John Claimond was elected Pres. of Magd. Coll. about 1504 ; at
the request of his friend Bp. Fox, he resigned this office to become
the first Pres. of Corpus Coll., founded by Fox in 1516. He was a
benefactor to Corpus and Brasenose Coll., and died Nov. 19, 1537.
For an account of him and his works, see Wood's Athen., vol. i.
p. 1068.

No. 428.
1546. John Blomevile Esquire, and Wife.
Holy Trinity Church, Loddon, Norfolk.
Two figures in shrouds, with their hands crossed on their breasts.
s He was the friend of Erasmus ; a p. 211.) In a MS. life of him by Shep-
letter of whom to him respecting the reve, it is stated that he built a shed
new foundation of C. C. C, is given by in the corn-market, on which was in-
Knight, (Life of Erasmus, Camb. 1726, scribed :
PJebs ubi Rura colens, empturis hordea vendit,
Aspice quadrifido tecta propinqua foro.
Hoc erexit opus, talem Claymundus in TJsum
Ut siccum possit saccus habere locum.
See Hearne's "Vindic." Pref. p. xii.

SHROUDS AND SKELETONS. 173
The style of execution is good, considering the late date of this
brass. ffif noutc ffiljatite ^rari fot the soule of Bame luiieryn Sampso late the toyf e of
SBt ©homas Sampson ttnagbt anB late the rrjpfc of mastar John Momeufle
Ttsquycr on tohose soules Jcsu haue. men. tlie xblij Baa of aprill in the rjcic of lorBe
a J»° ffiffiffifflffi" xlbj.
There is (?) also a shield between the figures, bearing, per pale, and
per fesse dancettee, over all a bend, Blomeville (?), imp. sa., an estoile
of 8 points or, between two flaunches erm., Hobart.

No. 429.
1548. Elizabeth Horne.
On a single plate is engraved a figure in a shroud, above which
is a large shield of fantastical shape, bearing ar., a chevr. engr. gu.
betw. 3 unicorns' heads, erased, az., Horne ; imp. quart., 1st and
4th, Tame, (see No. 195) ; 2nd and 3rd, chequee on a bend 3 Uons
ramp., a crescent for diff. The background is filled up with scroll
panelling, beneath a foliated arch.
©his picture presentatbe to eor IRememberanee-
©he laste semblBtuBe of alle B0r beirrta anB fame.
ailso hit SBngmfBethe the JBtortall cbaunce-
©f ffilrjabetbe Boughtet 8c heaet of ©homas ©ame-
Wbithe sumteme toas the Bere anB louange roaffe-
©f lEBn-onBe Ijorne 3Esquaer Betorenge all h« Ufte.
Whose jWortall boBB note consunmB to Buste-
iKtas laaBe here In graue as ba nature neB' hit muste-
In the sere off ffibrestas Encarnacaon.
a thotosanB fibe bunBraB forts anB eBght
©f)e xb of august her bertbus enclanacaon-
ISiotight ficr to the place of tfje eternall laght.

No. 430.
1567. Alexander Belsyre, first President op St. John's
College, Oxford.
SS. Peter. and Paul, Handborough, Oxon.
In a recess in the wall of the chancel is a single plate, with the
figure of a man lying in a shroud. Above is the following inscr. :
©fiomas Nelus nepos, alumnus, atexanBio HJcIsBre
abumulo meciTnaii suo sibiq?, ac succes£oribus suis posuit.

174 MISCELLANEOUS BRASSES.
3|oe quoB es ipse fui mottalis btecp petinBe
JUlortuus ac fato tu morlcre tuo
Sic ergo bluas, bt quu moriere superstes
rJita sit in ccdis non moiitura tlbi.
©hat tboto art note the same toas I.
anB thoto hAetoise shall suer Bbc
Xebe so, that top thoto h'nse Boest (tocnB ?)
©I;oto maist babe bias, that bath n(o enB?)
Beneath the figure, ©bijt alexanBer JBelsore. 13. Bie 3ulij.
anno Bomini. 1567.

No. 431.
1585. Joan Furnace. St. Botolph's, Brampton, Northants.
A skeleton on an oblong plate, with the foUowing inscr. reversed,
underneath it :
Here Herb Sone furnace the toife of 3lames furnace, that toas anB fs not. Basing
to them that reaBs this : 'gou are anB shall not be : toho In ma life tome trusteB
to haue a IBtoellinge place in 3|eauen to' goB the father anB in glorge eke to raagne
to' ffibrst his Sonne ; a° JBni 1585 Bie. 21. 3unij. ,
No. 432.
1598. Richard Ballett, Goldsmith.
St. Mary's, Ufford, Suffolk.
On a single plate is engraved a skeleton : above is a Grecian ped.
containing the arms of the Goldsmith's Company, (the quart, re
versed) ; and supported by two Corinthian columns. On the archi
trave, is inscribed : V1VIT POST FVNERA VIRTVS.
Beneath this, and above the figure, are these lines, the three first
of which resemble those on the brass of Edw. GreneviUe Esq. 1587,
Wooton Underwood, Bucks.
©hoto mortall mann that tooblBest attaine
©he bapple Ijabenc of Ijetenla rest,
JFantb anB Repentance fs the best.
like thee 3E toas somtime
H3bt noto am ©bvnB to Bust,
as thoto at length ffi lEavtb anB slime
UUtbrne to assises mbst
E rest In hope toftb Xobe ac see
ffibrfst Jesbs that IRcBcmeB mee.

CROSSES WITHOUT FIGURES. 175
Beneath the figure is the following inscr. :
lere rJnBer this Stone Heth the IBoBte of 9RicharB ISallett, JFttst ffioblBsmitb of
the ISalletts In IConBon. ffioB senBe htm a Soafbll Resbrrectfon atatfs suae. 76
1598. Above the ped. are two dragons, and three fiery balls.

CROSSES WITHOUT FIGURES.
No. 433.
1400. Thomas Chichele, and Wife.
St. Mary's, Higham Ferrers, Northants.
A large and elegant cross, (see engraving in the Introd.) The
arms ornamented with a running pattern, and having at their ex
tremities the Evang. symb., with scrolls inscribed with the names :
that of St. Mark is lost. At the intersection of the arms is a seated
figure of the Deity, with the right hand upraised, and the left holding
an orb surmounted with a cross and banner. The base of the cross
is ornamented with quatrefoils, and rests upon two steps, beneath
which is this inscr. in raised letters :
Iftc facet ©homas ffihfchcle qui obijt. xxb°. Bie mens' ffebtnarif anno Biii
JUliUmo, ffiffiffiffi0, TEt agnes bxor etus quor' animab? jpicieiur Beus a JW3EN.
These were the parents of Archbishop Chichele, the founder of
AU Souls' College.

No. 434.
c. 1420. Roger Cheyne Esquire.
St. Peter's, Cassington, Oxon.
A plain cross fleury of elegant proportions, and resting on four
steps. At the sides are two shields, bearing chequee or and az. on
a fesse gu. (?) a lozenge ?, Cheyne.
2jtc facet Uogems ffibeane quonBam armiger Biif Regis cuius anime jrjiciet'
Beus amen.

176 MISCELLANEOUS BRASSES. ;
No. 435.
1445. Richard Tooner ? Priest.
St. Mary's, Broadwater, Sussex.
A fine large cross fleury, with its arms inscribed,
Sanguis rpl Salua me  ^assio xpi ffiomforta me .
The base rests upon five steps.
T^.fc facet Jfobes ffiorba quonBam Sector bui' Ecclie qui obijt iiij'0 IB' Jpebru=
arij anno Biii Jtt° ffiffiffiffi" xb° ffiul' ale giicieiur Beus amen.
In DaUaway's Hist, of Sussex, vol. ii. p. 36, it is stated that this
brass was discovered in 1826, in taking up the pavement of the
church, and that it was probably intended for Richard Tooner, Rec
tor, 1432 — 1445. It has since been relaid, and the above inscr.
placed at the foot, although it certainly does not belong to it.
No. 435.
1516. Thomas Burgoyne, and Wife.
All Saints', Sutton, Beds.
A cross fleury rising from three steps.
©t ao' charote p"B for the sotoles of ©bos ISurgonn anB 'Elisabeth hBS bwfe
tohfche ©homas BecessaB B" ix Bas of august the a"' of our lorB goB a thotosanB
fabe hunBreth anB sexten on tohose soules anB all ffinjstcn soules 3csu haue
merce amen.
No. 437.
c. 1520. Thomas Bullayen.
St. John Baptist's, Penshurst, Kent.
A small plain cross 8j in. high, raised on three steps drawn in
perspective. ©hom"s HJtoUancn flje sone of sat ©homas IStollaaen.
A similar brass was, until lately, in existence at Hever, Kent, to
Henry, brother of the above ; they were the sons of Sir Tho. BuUen,
No. 212.

CHALICES. 177
No. 438.
1537. Alice Wyrley. All Saints', Floor e, Northants.
A smaU cross 10 in. in length, fixed in a rock. The cross arms
are lost; they probably had naUs fixed in them, corresponding to
one at the foot of the shaft.
l|ete laeth aiBce aHarica Boughter of Kobfi iHtBrlee C&eiBiman ic Bororhe has
toaf Boughter jc beate of ihon flftake esquaet the tohate alee BcceasslB the xxb Baa
ot iula a° Bnt JW B° xxxbtj0 amen.

CHALICES. No. 439.
1502. Richard Grene, Rector.
St. Mary's, Hedenham, Norfolk.
A chalice containing the wafer, inscribed, Ehc.
©rate p aia Wid ffirene quonB' ISector' isti' ecclie q; obijt fn a" Biii. JW
fflffifflfflffi" l{°.
No. 440.
1502. Henry Alikok, Rector.
St. Andrew's, Colney, Norfolk.
A chalice similar to the above, and probably executed by the same
hand. ©rate p ata^enrici alikok quonB' ^Rector' fstf ecclie qui obijt b°. Bie scptembt'
a° Bnt m° b°. ij°. No. 441.
1519. Thomas Elys, Vicar. SS. Peter and Paul, Shorne, Kent.
A chalice, on which is a wafer inscr. IHC, surmounted by a
cross. praa for the soule of s' ©horn's lEhjs late bscar of shorne tohicbe BecesseB the
xbfijBaa of marche fn the a«e of out lotB goB JW* b° fc xix on tohose soule Ibu
haue rn'cs amen. a a

178 MISCELLANEOUS BRASSES.

No. 442.

1519. Edmund Ward, Vicar.
St. Nicholas's, North Walsham, Norfolk.
A chalice and wafer.
©rale p aia Biil eEBmonBj TOarB quoBa bicarfj Estl' ecclecfe cui' aie giiciet' Beus.

HEARTS. No. 443.
1462. Dionysius Willys.
Holy Trinity Church, Loddon, Norfolk.
Two hands issuing from clouds, and supporting a heart, inscribed,
ffireBo, from which a scroll proceeds, with the continuation of the
text : quoB reBemptor meus uiuit. Two other scroUs are lost.
©rate p aia Bfonislj [(Wiles qui obijt xiiij" Bie mens' nouebris anno Biii J¥t°
ffiffiffiffi0 Sexagesimo scBo cuf aie jpicict' Be' ame.
The inscr. are in raised letters.
No. 444.
e. 1530. Thomas Denton? St. Lawrence's, Caversfield, Bucks.
A brass of similar design to the last ; the heart and scroUs in
scribed as foUows :
heu mfcbf tone quia pecaui nimfs in bita men.
ffireBo quiB facia miser bbi fugiam nisi aB te Beus mc'.
misetere mei Bum bcneris fn nouissimo Bie.
Beneath was another inscr., below which a shield remains, with
these arms, ar. two bars gu. in chief 3 cinquefoils of the 2nd, a mul
let for diff., Denton, imp. erm. a cross moline.
Willis, in his Hist, of Buckingham, p. 170, supposes, with great
probability, that this is the memorial of Thomas Denton, who by his
will, dated 1533, appointed his body to be buried at Caversfield.

HEARTS, &C. 179

No. 445.
1496. Anne Muston. St. Peter's, Saltwood, Kent.
An angel issuing from clouds, with a nimbus, plain amice and
albe, and holding a heart. Beneath is the following :
^erc Iieth the botoell' of Bame anne JUiuston late the toaf of efflillm JWuston
tobicb Bame anne BecessaB xhe bijth Baa of septeber ee B«te of or lotB JFfil« iiijc
Ixxxxbj on tohose soull' ibu hane mcrca.
Beneath is a shield with these arms, Baron, a chevr. betw. 3 swords
erect, imp. Femme, on the dexter side a chevr. betw. 3 dogs' heads
coUared, erased ; on the sinister 3 cross crosslets.

No. 446.
1498. William Complyn, and Wipe.
St. Mary's, Week, Hants.
Against the north wall of the Nave is a brass representing the
figure of St. Christopher bearing the infant Saviour across a stream,
(see engraving in the Introd.) Beneath is this inscr., which occu
pies sixteen lines :
3§tre lieth Mill'm fflomplBn 8c amies his toife ac tohicbe cMlm BecessiB ae xxj
BaB of JWaaj ee B«e of oure lorB JW' cc-c-c Ixxxxbiij also this be ?e BeBis a* ?e
saiB ffiRium hath Boton to this fflhurch" of iHtike a' is to sae ftest BeBecacion of ae
ffihurcb xls $c to make natoe bellis to a" sam fflhurch x1" also gabe to b» balloaeng
of ae gtettest bell". bjs. btij-B- Sc for ee testimonBaU" cf the BeBicacion of b° sam
ffihurch . bj". bitj-B- on tohos soules ibu haue JUterca amen.

No. 447.
c. 1400. Representation op the Holy Trinity.
St. Michael's, Great Tew, Oxon.
An oblong plate, measuring 1 1\ in. by 8 in., with the usual sym
bol of the Holy Trinity. The figures are well executed, and are
placed beneath a trefoliated canopy with panelled spandrils, and an
embattled entablature above : the back-ground is diapered with
quatrefoUs. This plate is now loose, and is all that remains of the
brass of William Reynesford Esquire, and wife, whose large figures

180 MISCELLANEOUS BRASSES.
have been for some time stolen. In 1816 (see No. 324) portions of
a marg. inscr. (measuring 8 ft. 5§ in. by 3 ft. 6 in.) with the Evang.
symb. of SS. Matt, and John, and other fragments, were remaining.
<$< Hjic facent fMfllius XUaneforB' armlger nuper 3Bns istius bllle ....
.... jplcfef Beus 

INSCRIPTIONS WITHOUT FIGURES.
No. 448.
1349. William de Haukes worth, Priest.
St. Mary's, Oxford.
On the floor, at the west end of the chancel.
1|fc facet JUtagr fflRflls Be H|aukestoorth sacre paglne quonBa pfessor $c terete'
tp'osftus hulus ecclie qui obfjt bfff° Bie aptfl anno Biii : JW° : ffiffiffi XTSX.
No. 449.
1359. William de Pateshull.
St. Nicholas's, Doddington, Northants.
There was formerly a cross above the inscr.
Ece gist J¥lons' cTOlleam Be pateshull q' morust le xbij four Be septcmbr :
Iten Be grce : JJW : ffiffiffi : TEX. No. 450.
1361. John Barfoot. St. Mary's, Cholsey, Berks.
Eci gist Stobii 38arfoot Bc ffihelseae qe morust le biii io Boctob' Ian Be grace
m° tec" Ixj" lalme Be qi Bieu elt m'ca. No. 451.
1375. Henry de Aldryngton.
St. Thomas h Becket's, Goring, Oxon.
Ecb gist 3§cnri Be aitunngioii q morust le vbiij io Be august Ian Bc g"cc
JUl ffiffiffi lx.vb Bieu Bc snlmc cit m'ty.

INSCRIPTIONS WITHOUT FIGURES. 181

No. 452.
1394. John Bate, Vicar. St. Mary's, Cholsey, Berks.
3|k facet Bns Sohes^Sate bic' Be cbelseae qui ©bijt bicesimo i° Bie julU anno
Biii JW° ffiffiffi" Nonageslmo qrto cut' ale propfciet'^Beus amen.
In all the foregoing inscr. the capital letters are Lombardic.

No. 453.
c. 1400. John Mauntell, and Wipe.
SS. Peter and Paul, Nether Heyford, Northants.
3lohii mauntcl gist ica
^Elvjabetb" sa femme auxi. amen.
Be lor almes Bieu eit m'ca.
At each end of the inscr. was a shield ; one (MaunteU) is gone ;
the other bears a maunch.
No. 454.
1415. Nicholas Englefield Esquire.
St. Peter's, Great Haseley, Oxon.
" S'uiens Bom' ffiomputor' in hospicto Dni Hict nup HUg' angl'"

Several other inscr., chiefly of the XVI. and XVII. cent., from
churches in Suffolk, it has been thought unnecessary to particu
larize.

APPENDIX A.

RUBBINGS OF BRASSES RECEIVED TOO LATE FOR
INSERTION IN THE CATALOGUE.

I.
POST-REFORMATION ECCLESIASTICS.
1610. Henry Robinson, Bishop op Carlisle.
Queens College, Oxford.
A quadrangular plate, measuring 21f in. by 15f in., and finely
engraven with allegorical devices, &c. In the centre, the Bishop is
represented kneeling : he has a beard and moustaches, and wears a
scull-cap, a rochet open in front with lawn sleeves, and a scarf;
on his left arm he supports a pastoral staff, the shaft of which is
inscribed ' Ps. 23. Corrigendo . svstentando ;' and the crook,
' Vigilando . Dirigendo ,-' the two last words encircle an eye. Above
the crook is a stork ? holding a baU in his claw, and from the crook
is suspended a veil or vexiUum, on which is the word ' Velando.' The
right hand holds a lighted candle, round the flame of which is in
scribed, 'Emtpdvat rols h o-xdrei. Lu. 1 . ; also three cords to which
dogs are attached, who guard three sheepfolds from two wolves and a
lion : beside one of the cords are these words, ' Tanquam ligati, tame
liberi.' On some of the sheep in one of the folds are the initials
A. H, probably those of the artist. Beneath the candle are a group
of figures with implements of husbandry &c, and the foUowing inscr.
at their feet : ' Ad dirigendos pedes nostras in viam Pacis. Luc. 1 .' At
the top of the plate are clouds, and the angel of the Lord, surrounded
by rays, holding a scroU inscribed, Toir 'Eino-Koirois. Luc. ; also on
another scroU, ' Erant pastores in eade regione excvbates, et
agetbs vigilias noctis svper gregem svvm. Luc. 2.' Behind the
Bp. on the right is a quadrangular building, intended for Queen's
College, with the CoUege arms over the gateway. On it is in
scribed, INVENIT DKSTRVCTVM RELIQVIT EXSTRVCTVM ET INSTRVC-
tvm.' Above this is pourtrayed a Cathedral, intended for that of
Carlisle. At the door of the S. transept are four figures, one of
them kneeling and receiving a benediction, intended to represent the
consecration of the Bp. (?) ; over them on a scroll, ' Permansit fidelis,'
and on the steps beneath them, ' Recessit bcatus.' Over the entrance

APPENDIX A. 183
on a label, ' Intrauit per ostium ;' and above this the arms of the See
imp. az. a flying fish in bend ar., on a chief of the 2nd a rose gu.
betw. 2 torteaux, Robinson, with the words "Non te deseram"
adjoining. On the ground in front of the Bp. are broken weapons,
with the inscr., ' Tundent gladios suos in ligones, et hastas suas in
falces. Isa. 2. 4;' beside these is a lamb caressing a wolf, and the
words, Deadly Feude extinct. Isa. 11. 6. Beneath the whole is the
foUowing :
HENRICO ROBINSQNO CARLEOLENSI, COLLEGII HVIVS ANNIS XVIII PRZEFOSITO
PROVIDISSIMO, TANDEMQ' ECCLESI.E CARLEOLENSIS TOTIDEM ANNIS EPISCOPO
VIGILANTISSIMO, XIII° CAL : IVLII ANNO A PARTV VIRGINIS M DC XVI°, .STAT :
LXIII" FIE IN DOIO OBDORMIENTI, ET IN ECCLESIA CARLEOL : SEPVLTO, HOC COLL :
IPS1VS LABORIBVS VASTITATI EREPTV, MVNIFICENTIA DEMV LOCVPLETATVM,
ISTVD QVALECVNQ' MNHMEION GRATITVDINIS TESTIMONIVM COLLOCAVIT.
Non sibi, sed Patria praluxit, Lampadis instar,
Deperdens oleum; non operam Ille suam.
In minimis fido Servo, maioribus apto,
Maxima nunc Domini gaudia adire datur. Math. 25.
A similar Brass exists at Carlisle Cathedral.
1616. Henry Airay, Provost. Queen's College, Oxford.
A Brass very similar in size and execution to the foregoing. The
Provost is represented as kneeling on an altar-tomb, wearing a scull-
cap, a gown open in front, with long sleeves, and slits at their sides for
the arms ; a hood and scarf : his hands hold the edges of his gown.
On the tomb, at his right, is a globe, and beneath it, ' desero ne
deserar;' on his left an open book, on one page of which are
delineated flowers, with the superscription, ' SPS vivipicat ;' on the
other Death, with the words ' litera occidit.'
Above is a representation of Elijah carried to heaven in a fiery
chariot, impelled by the blasts of the winds ; to this a scroU pro
ceeds from the mouth of the figure, inscribed, ' TE SEQUAR ;' and
above him are the words,
ignis et afflantes pvrgarvnt AERA venti.
TRANSITVS IN CC3LVM PROMPTIOR INDE PATET.
On the left of the figure is Elijah's mantle, inscribed, ' SPS, S16W-
KoAmr .' ' SPS e'AfVxov ;' and beneath, ' sit portio dvpla de tvo spirit v
penes me.' At the sides of the plate are representations of four of
Elisha's miracles. On the dexter side, the healing of the waters, with
the inscr., * perfecit gratia.' 'vos estis sal terr-b.' ' depecit
natura :' in the water is a fish bearing the initials r. h. Above is
the destruction of the mocking children, and on a scroll from Elisha's

184 APPENDIX A.
mouth, ' convitivm trahit ivdicivm.' On the sinister side, Elisha
casting meal into the cauldron, out of which a figure of Death is
stepping ; on the cauldron are the words, ' Pellitur farina mors in
olla.' Above, Elisha is thus interrogating Gehazi ; ' an tempvs
erat accipiendi pecvnias.' At the lower corners of the plate are
pomegranates and gourds, and on the tomb is this epitaph :
MEMORIE VIRI SANCTITATE ET PRVDENTIA CLARISSIMI HENRICI AIRAY s.
THEOL. D. HVIVS COLLEGII PROPOSITI VIGIL ATIS. REVEREDI ROBINSONI (VT
ELIM ELISHA) SVCCESSORIS ET .EMVLI, CHARISS. PATRVELIS. CHRISTOPH. POTTER
HVIVS COL. SOCI', HOC AMORIS, ET OBSERVATI.E: TESTIMONIV L. M. Q. ( i. C lu-
gens msestusque ?) POSVIT.
Non satis ELISHjE est ELI.33 palla relicta,
Dum (licet in Caelum raptus) Amicus abest.
Tristis agit, quteritq' amissum turturis instar
Consortem, ac moriens, TE SEQVAR orbus, ait.
SPLENDEAT VT MVNDO PlETAS IMITABILE AYRIE,
IN LAVDEM CHRISTI; HOC «RE PERENNIS ERIT. Matt. 5. 16.
MORTALITATE EXVIT_A°. 1616. 6°. ID' OCTO : NAT' AN. 57. ET HIC SEPVL :
ALTERV MESSlJE ADVETV EXPECTAT.
1619. Henry Mason, M.A. All Saints', Eyke, Suffolk.
A figure wearing a doublet, and a gown with long false sleeves,
with slits at the sides for the arms. There are Latin inscr. and
verses in Roman capitals.

II.
KNIGHTS AND LADIES.
1475. John Weddecot Gent., and Wife.
1483. John Weston, and Wipe. All Saints', Ockham, Surrey.
1485. Thomas Halle Esquire. St. Nicholas's, Thannington,
Kent.
c. 1500. A Knt. of the Catesby family in tabard, kneeling.
SS. Mary and Leodgare, Ashby St. Leger's, Northants.
c. 1500. A Knight, and two Wives. St. Mary's, Belstead,
Suffolk. 1530. James Sutton. St. Lawrence's, Chobham, Surrey.
A palimpsest brass ; the original figure is a priest, c. 1510, in
Eucharistic vestments, holding a chalice and wafer inscribed, 3bs
Esto m 3Jhs. (i. e. Jesus esto mihi Jesus.) On the reverse is a knt.

APPENDIX A. 1 S5
with a long beard, in plate armour, with gorget and demi-placcate,
a short skirt of taces, and a shirt of mail beneath. This brass is
described by Manning and Bray (Hist, of Surrey, vol. ii. p. 738), as
loose in the Church chest, with the following inscr., now lost :
©i Bout charite praa for the soules of Samcs Sutton .... tame baale of thfe
lEoiBesbeppe, anB JWatoBe has toBf, tobicb  the xlj Ban of 3uIb Be B« of o'
XoxV ffioB jffil V xxx, anB the saaB  m  the  BaB of
 the a«w of our 3EotB ffioB JW ffiffiffi 
The execution of this brass does not appear to be earlier than
c. 1550.
1527. John Shurley Esquire. St. Margaret's, Isfield, Sussex.
Chief clerk of the kitchen to King Henry VII., and cofferer to
King Henry VIII. The inscr. only remains, but there were figures
of the knt., and of the B. V. Mary and Child.
1558. Edward Shurley, and Wipe, kneeling : the knt. like
James Sutton. From the same church.
1579. Thomas Shurley, and Wife, like No. 220, and with a
long inscr. From the same church.

III.
CIVILIANS AND LADIES.
c. 1470. A Civilian. St. Peter's, Carlton, Suffolk.
c. 1480. Thomas Grene, and two wives. St. Mary's, Tur-
weston, Bucks.
c. 1485. Two fem. figures. St. Michael's, Michel Dean,
Gloucestershire. 1508. Jane Smyth. St. Mary's, Adderbury, Oxon.
1563. Thomas Wikes. All Saints', Hastings, Sussex.
1586. Thomas Inwood, Yeoman, and three Wives. St.
Nicholas's, Weybridge, Surrey. On an oblong plate, mural.
1598. John Woulde, Gent., and two Wives : from the same
church. c. 1600. A Civilian, and Wipe, large. St. Nicholas's, Ipswich.
c. 1600. Emanuel Wollaye, Gent., and Wipe. St. Join
Baptist's, Latton, Essex.
1601. John Barley, and Daughter. All Saints', Hastings,
Sussex. 1635. Elizabeth Blighe. St. James's, Finchhampstead, Berks.
Bb

APPENDIX B.
BRASSES BY MODERN ARTISTS,
Namely, Archer, London ; Hardman, Birmingham ; and
Waller, London.
Prescot, Lancashire. George Case Esquire, -and Wife, 1836.
A floriated cross like that at Stone, Kent. (H. ?)
Sir Charles Throckmorton, Bart., 1840. A small cross rest
ing on the Agnus Dei. (H.)
Grafton Underwood, Northants. Lady Gertrude Fitzpatrick,
1841. A kneeling figure under a canopy, supporting a cross. (H.)
W. Brown Darwin Esquire, 1841. A smaU double canopy like
No. 85, the stem omitted, and containing shields and inscr. (H.)
Marlow, Bucks. Lady Morris, 1842. A floriated cross, with
monogram in the head, supported on the Agnus Dei, and surrounded
by a marg, inscr. (H.)
Foulmire, Cambridgeshire. Anna Maria Blackburne, 1843.
A floriated cross like No. 26, with fbc in the head. (A.)
Kibbisford, Worcestershire. Captain F. W. Ingram, 1843. In
a cloak, standing on a lion, beneath a single canopy. (A.)
Windlesham, Surrey. Edward Cooper, Rector, and Wives,
1807. A plain cross Uke No. 435, with fyc at the intersection of
the arms. (W.)
Gresford, Denbighshire. Rev. Christopher Parkins, and Wipe,
1843. Two figures under a double canopy. (W.)
Wargrave, Berks. Colonel Raymond White, 1844. A large
figure of an angel with a chalice and sword ; below, two angels hold
ing an inscr. (A.)
Marlow, Bucks. Cath. Bladell Vernon, 1844. A figure
kneeling beside a cross fleury. (A.)
Launde Abbey, Leicestershire. Edward and Maria Dawson,
1845. A large plate with inscr., monograms, cross, &c. (W.)
Fen Drayton, Cambridgeshire. Rev. George Shaw, and Wipe,
1845. Two figures kneeling beside a cross fleury, with scrolls. (W.)
Church of the Holy Sacrament, Coventry. William Patterson,
and Wife, 1845. A cross like No. 433, with a heart in a shroud
at the centre. (W.)
Ware, Herts. Rev. Henry Coddington, 1845. A smaU figure
with marg. inscr. (W.)
Milverton, Somerset. John Thos. Trevelyan, Vicar, 1842,
(brass made 1846.) A cross, with monogram in the centre, scroUs
and marg. inscr.

APPENDIX C.
LIST OF BRASSES CONTAINING THE NAMES AND DATES OF
THE DECEASE OF FOUNDERS OF CHURCHES, CHANTRIES,
&c.
c. 1360. Ockham, Surrey. Walter Frilende. No. 17. (chantry.)
c. 1360. Tormarton, Gloucestershire. Sir John de la Riviere.
Matrix of brass, (chancel ?)
c. 1365. Cobham, Kent. Sir Jno. de Cobham. No. 130. (col
lege, &c, in 1362.)
c. 1370? Lower Gravenhurst, Beds. Robt. de Bilhemore.
(church.) 1372 (c. 1410.) Lambourn, Berks. John Estbury, and Son.
(chantry.) 1384. Hellesdon, Norfolk. John de Heylesdon, and Wife.
(chantry.) 1391. Wymington, Beds. John Curteys, and Wipe. No. 248.
(church.) 1393. Wanlip, Leicestershire. Sir Thomas Walsh, and Lady.
(church.) 1398. Mere, Wilts. John de Bettesthorne. No. 143. (chantry.)
1401. Balsham, Camb. John de Sleford. (stalls, nave?)
1403. Dartmouth, Devon. John Hanley, and Wives. No.
147. (chantry.)
1403. Hagbourn, Berks. Claricia York, (chapel.)
c. 1410. Holm by the sea, Norfolk. Harry Notingham, and
Wife, (steeple, choir, &c.)
1411. Wixford, Warwickshire. Thos. de Crewe, and Wife.
(chapel.) 1411. Trinity Almshouses, Bristol. John Barnstaple. No. 255.
1413 (1445.) Hagbourn, Berks. John Yorke. (aisle.)
1435. Wandborough, Wilts. Thomas Polton, and others,
began to build the bell-tower.
1437 (c. 1400?) Iron Acton, Gloucestershire. Robt. Poyntz,
and Wives. Incised slab, (tower.)
1448. Cheshunt, Herts. Nicholas Dixon, (chancel.)
1458. Northleach, Gloucestershire. Thomas Fortby. (roof.)
c. 1460. Thame, Oxon. Richard Quatremayns Esq., and
Wife. No. 172. (chantry.)

188 APPENDIX C.
1461. Holton, Oxon. Wm. Brome. (chapel.)
1462. Cirencester, Gloucestershire. Wm. Prelatte Esq., and
Wives. No. 176. (benefactor to Trinity chapel.)
1465. St. Margaret's, Rochester. Thomas Cod. No. 70. (tower.)
1467. Latton, Essex. Sir Peter Arderne, Judge, and Lady.
No. 277. (chantry.)
c. 1470? Thornton, Bucks. John Barton, and Wife, (chantry.)
(c. 1433.)
1472. St. George's Colegate, Norwich. Wm. Norwiche, Mayor,
and Wife, (chapel.)
1475. St. George's, Windsor. Sir Thos. Sellynger, and Lady.
(chantry.) c. 1480. Lambourn, Berks. John Estbury. (chantry.)
c. 1480. North Creak, Norfolk. Civilian, (church.)
c. 1490. Ashford, Kent. John Fogg Esq. (tower, &c.)
1492. Fovant, Wilts. George Rede. No. 105. (Priest during
the rebuilding of the church ?)
1492. Catterick, Yorks. Will. Burgh Esq. (chantry.)
1494. Cowthorpe, Yorks. Sir Brian Rouclyff, and Lady.
(church.) 1497. Hereford Cathedral. Andrew Jones, and Wife. In
cised slab, (crypt, &c. of lady-chapel.)
1498. Week, Hants. Wm. Complyn, and Wife. No. 446.
(benefactor at fresh dedication of the church.)
c. 1500. Cold Ashton, Gloucestershire. Thos. Keims. (church.)
1512. Shere, Surrey. Oliver Sandes, and Wife, (window
and altar.)
1512. Trinity Church, Guildford. Henry Norbrige, and Wife.
(chantry in old church.)
1516. Childrey, Berks. Wm. Feteplace Esq., and Wipe.
(chantry.) c. 1520. Bradford, Wilts. Thomas Horton, and Wife. No.
330. (chantry.)
1521. Stoke D'Abemon, Surrey. John Norbery. (chantry.)
1524. Charlton, Wilts. Wm. Chaucey, Gent., and Wife.
No. 334. (chantry.)
1528. Sefton, Lancashire. Margt. Bulkeley. No. 336.
(chantry.) 1598. Noke, Oxon. Joan Bradshawe, and Husbands. No.
383. (chapel.)
See also Nos. 195, 253.

ADDENDA ET COKPJGENDA.

Page x, line 2. Add to the list of Flemish brasses ' at Newark, Notts, Alan
Fleming, 1361 (No. 241);'
Ibid., line 5, ' and at All Hallows,' dele ' and.'
Page xii, line 21. It is improbable that the mark on the palimpsest from
Trunch Church is the engraver's ; for both the mallet as wanting, and the mark
occupies too conspicuous a portion of the design to allow of the supposition.
And as the star and crescent were ordinary badges of handicraft, it is most likely
that the device in question is that of some rich trader, for whom the original
Flemish brass was engraved.
Page xiv, line 22, for ' Neweham ' read ' Newenham.'
Page xviii, line 11, dele 'beside him.'
Page xx, add this note. In 1378 the annual stipend of a Priest with cure was
8 marks. In a College at Cambridge, founded c. 1450, each Fellow was allowed
for every expense 1\ marks. See Bp. Fleetwood, Chron. Prec. This would
make 20 marks equal to nearly 2502. of modern money.
Page xxxvi, line 15, for '1494' read '1473.'
Page xxxviii, line 14, add, ' Such Priests as have ' Sir' before their Christian
name [see No. 39] were not graduated in the University, being in Orders and
not in Degrees ; whilst others, entitled ' Masters,' had commenced in the Arts.'
Fuller, Ch. Hist.,vi. 5, 10.
Page xiii, line 19, for 'CC' read 'IE.'
Page xlix, line 20, for ' c. 1840,' read ' c. 1480.'
Page li, line 3, for ' 1487,' read ' 1481.'
Page lxxviii, note q, for * Elsing, Norfolk,' read ' Wimbish, Essex.'
Page lxxxiii. To the list of Knights in note f add, ' 1414. Geoffrey Fransham
Esq., with canopy, Great Fransham, Norfolk.'
Page lxxxvi, line 1 1, for ' Kent,' read ' Sussex.'
Page xcvi, note 1, for ' Melton,' read ' Metton.'
Page xcvii, in the black letter inscr. in the note, line 5, for 'poung,' read
'pong;' last line, for 'ther,' read 'her' ;' and for 'saluacpon,' read 'snluaCBOn.'
Page xcix, (about middle of page,) for ' Winkfield, Bucks,' read ' "Winkfield,
Berks.' Page c, note z, for ' 1505, See.,' read ' 1503, A merchant and wife, Neyland,
Suffolk.' Page cii, note f, after ' Mad derm arket,' add ' Norwich.' ,
Ibid., note h, 1545, 'Thos. Capp, St. Stephen's Southgate, Norwich,' omit
' Southgate.' Page cv, iu note, line 2 of 2nd column, for ' c. 1520,' read ' c. 1500.'

190 ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA.
Page 8, line 5 from bottom, for ('Reges Nohiles, &c.,' read ('Reges, Reginas,
Nobiles, &c.'
Page 9, No. 10, line 6 of inscr., for ' banitattc,' read 'banitatc.'
Page 10, No. 12, line 4 of inscr., for ' restauratio ' read ' restauratio.'
Page 19, No. 51, line 3, for ' Northants,' read ' Herts.'
Page 20, No. 58, line 3, for ' Sussex,' read ' Surrey.'
Page 22, No. 63. The date should be 1468, and not 1418, which last is also
Weever's rendering. In Gutch's Collectanea Curiosa, 1 781 , vol. ii. p. 267, among
other extracts from the Archives of All Souls' College, is one entitled, ' Ad-
missio J. Birkede in Confratrem,' and dated April 5, 1465. From which it
appears that in consideration of extensive benefactions conferred upon the Col
lege by John Birkede, an executor of Henry Chichele the founder, an inden
ture was made between William Poteman the Warden, and John Birkede, by
which the latter was admitted " in fratrem ipsius Collegii quoad suffragia," and
a yearly obit was engaged to be celebrated for his soul. This explains the reason
why the arms of Abp. Chicheley were placed on his brass.
Page 24, No. 65, line 1, for ' ffioniuis,' read ' Coniugis.'
Ibid., No. 67. For c. 1450, read 1457. See Thorpe, (Cust. RofE, p. 252,) who
quotes Willis's Survey of St. Asaph, p. 287, and shews that John Tubney must
have deceased before May 10, 1457. He was preferred to the rectory of South-
fleet, June 10, 1453. Willis observes that there was an inscr., of the date 1450,
in memory of him in the chancel window of Dissert, in Radnorshire.
Page 34, No. 100. The Priest, t. 1480, is from Barking, Essex.
Page 37, No. 110, line 3, for 'intercession,' read 'invocation,' and in line 9 of
inscr., for ' ^nteqs,' read ' 'JSnteq?.'
Page 39, line 3 from bottom, for ' nomcn,' read ' numcn.'
Page 40, No. 119, line 6 of inscr., for ' geniet,' read ' gemit.'
Page 45, No. 127, line 7, add, The above description is partly extracted from
Waller's Brasses, pt. x.
Page 47, No. 131. Thomas Cheyne was shield-bearer to Edward III. His
arms which were on the brass of his son, (No. 134,) were, chequee or and az., a
fess gu. fretty, ar. The inscr. which belonged to the figure is printed by Dr.
Lipscomb, (Hist, of Bucks, vol. iii. p. 336,) from Steele's MSS.
linto 'piasmatus bic ©homas ffibesne bocatus
^irmiger ot(n)atus JUegts jacct infra (fntus ?) httmatits
©mnibus ct gratus fuetat sermone beams
Christi (Bei natus) hujus rege terge rcatus.
Page 49, No. 136, line 3, for ' Southacre, Suffolk,' read ' Southacre, Norfolk.'
Page 52, No. 146, line 12, for ' a bend nebulee cottised gu.,' read ' ar., a bend
wavy gu., betw. 2 bendlets of the last, Kingston.'
Page 54, No. 150, line 11, for 'billety,' &c, read 'a fess dancettee betw. 14
billets sa., Whatton.'
Page 59, No. 163, line 11, after 'as many fleur-de-lys or,' read 'the arms of
the duchy of Lancaster.' " John Leventhorp was a highly trusted servant of
the house of Lancaster. He was so employed in the first year of Henry IV., and
one of the executors named in the will of Henry V. He came from Leventhorp,
in the West Riding of Yorkshire, about the 15th of Rich. IL, M.P. for Hertford
shire in 1 and 3 Henry V., and 1 Henry VI. His wife was Katharine daughter
and heiress of — Twyehet." (Note injhe old list.)

ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA. 191
Page 61, No. 1 67. This is probably the brass of Sir Thomas Cheddar, 1 442.
Ibid., No. 168, line 10, for ' Fitton and  , quart.,' read ' Fitton and King
ston, quart.,' and see correction, supra.
Page 63, No. 169, line 9, for ' ©ker anB Alston,' read ' ©ker & Alston.'
Page 64, No. 172, last line. The arms should probably be quart. 1st and
4th, gu., a fess az. betw. 4 dexter hands couped at the wrists or, Quatremaine j
2nd and 3rd, ar., 2 talbots passant sa., Bretton.
Page 74, No. 193, last line, add 'over the figures, were the arms of Grey and
Hastings, quart, a fleur-de-lys.'
Page 76, No. 199, line 4, for 'Camboys,' read 'lamboys.'
Page 78, No. 204, line 3, for ' Little Glenham,' read ' Little Wenham.'
Page 90, No. 224. This brass is from St James's, North Dencheworth,
Berks. Page 105, No. 251, line 8. The arms of Ufford are sa., a cross engr. or, over
all a bend ar.
Page 132, No. 333, last line but one, for ' 7 mascles,' &c, read ' ar., 7 mascles
conjoined, 3, 3, and 1, gu., Braybrook.'
Page 134, No. 336, line 3, for ' a chevr. betw.' 8cc, read ' sa., a chevr. betw.
3 hulls' heads, ar., Bulkeley,' and in the inscr., line 2, for ' tUC,' read ' bic.'
Page 139, No. 351, line 1, for ' imp. sa V &c, read 'or ? a saltier vair? Wel
lington.' Page 140, No. 354, line 5, add, ' Behind the Knt. are his arms (see No. 215.)'
Page 142, No. 358, line 12, for 'crranBcmtS,' read ' granBettUS.'
Page 165, No. 411, line 3, for 'Alexander,' read 'John.'
Page 166, No. 413, line 1, for ' Northants,' read ' Northampton.'
Page 182, line 6, for ' 1610,' read ' 1616,' and line 11, for 'a rochet open,' read
*a rochet, a chimere (?) open.'

INDEX TO THE INTRODUCTION

Abbesses, 39.
Abbots, vestments of, 27, 31 ; brasses
of, 31, 56.
Academical habits, 36.
Agnus Dei, 47, 58.
Ailettes, 67.
Albe, 24, 103.
Aldermen, brasses of, 90, 106.
Allegorical designs, 101.
Almuce or Amess, 32, 35, 36.
Altar slabs, brasses inlaid in, 20.
Amice, 24, 31, 36.
Analysis of a brass, 10.
Anelace, 70, 73, 91.
Angels, 25, 47, 61.
Apostles, emblems of, 48.
Apparel, 24, 63.
Archbishops, insignia of, 30.
Arming points, 68.
Arriere bras, 68.
Artists, marks of, 12, add. p. 189.
modern artists, 113.
Austin Canons, dress of, 39.
Avant bras, 68.
Bachelors of Divinity and Arts, dresses
of, 37 ; of Civil Law, 38.
Baguette, 84.
Banded mail, 67.
Barbe, 39, 75.
Barons of Exchequer, &c, see Judges.
Bascinet, 68, 69.
Bawdric, 70, 73.
Bishops, vestments of, 27, 31 ; brasses
of, 30, 56.
Bliaus, 65.
Books, 56, 107.
Bracket brasses, 11, 60.
Brassarts, 68.
Brasses, interest of the study of, 2;
origin of, 4 — 8 ; manufacture of, 8 ;
foreign and English, 9, 10; artists
of, 12; numbers of, ibid.; geogra
phical distribution of, ibid. ; earliest
and latest, 14 ; criteria of date of,
ibid. ; palimpsest, 15; restored, 17;
duplicate, 17 ; used as Easter se
pulchres, 8zc., 19 ; inlaid in altar
slabs, 20 ; cost of, ibid. ; subjects
find classification of, 21 ; arrange

ment of figures on, 22 ; ecclesias
tical costume on, 23 ; canopies on,
40 ; inscriptions on, 41 ; emblems
and devices on, 45 ; of the 14th
century, 58 ; of the loth century,
77; of the 16th and 17th centuries,
98 ; rubbings of, 108 ; destruction
of, 110 ; modern neglect of, 112.
Breast-plates, 69.
Buskins, 27.
Butterfly head-dress, 77, 96.
Calvinists, destruction of French mo
numents by, 111.
Camail, 68.
Camisia, 24, 31, 36.
Canonical vestments, see Processional.
Canopies, 40 ; 14th century, 61 ; 15th
century, 80 ; 16th century, 100.
Canting arms, 51.
Cap, professorial, 33, 36, 103.
Cape, 33.
Cassock, 33, 36, 37, 39, 102.
Cathedrals, spoliation of, 110.
Cerveliere, 67, 68.
Chain mail, 67.
Chalices, 2, 5, 33, 56, 80, 102.
Chamfer inscr., 41.
Chasuble, 26, 103.
Chausses, 65.
Children, brasses of, 14th century, 60;
15th century, 78; 16th and 17th
centuries, 99.
Chimere, 102.
Chrysom, 99.
Civilians, 14th century, 72 ; 15th cen
tury, 90, 92 ; 16th and 1 7th centuries,
105.
Coif, 38, 39.
Coif-de-mailles, 65.
Cointisse, 67.
Collars, 52.
Colobium, 28, 31.
Colour on brasses, 51.
Contractions, 44.
Cope, 32, 35, 36, 103.
Cost of brasses, 20.
Cote-hardie, "2, 76.
Couteau-de-chasse, 91.
Coutes, 71.

INDEX TO THE INTRODUCTION.

193

Crespine head-dress, 93.
Crests, 51.
Crosier, 30.
Crosses, stone, 4 ; brass, 47 ; 14th
century, 59; 1 5th century, 79 ; 16th
and 17th centuries, 100; before in
scr., 41.
Crown keepers, 57.
Crucifixion, representation of, 5, 80 ;
emblems of, 46.
Cuir-bouilli, 68.
Cuisses, 67, 71.
Cullen or Cologne plate, 8.
Cullum, rubbings by Sir John, 102,
112.
Dalmatic, 27, 31, 35.
Date, criteria of, 14; omission of, 17.
Deacons, dress of, 26, 28.
Death, figures of, 50, 101.
Defacement of monuments, 109.
Demi-figures, 22, 59, 78, 99.
Demi-placcards or placcates, 86.
Design, variety of, 1 1.
Devices, ecclesiastical, 45 ; heraldic,
51 ; professional, 5, 55.
Diapered back grounds, 6, 7, 9 — 11.
Doctors, dress of, 33, 36.
Dogs at feet, 22, 56, 60.
Dominical letter, 42.
Doublet, 106.
Dowsing, destruction of brasses by,
112.
Easter sepulchres, 19-
Ecclesiastics, costume of, 23 ; emblems
of, 45 : brasses of, 14th century, 63 ;
15th century, 82; 16th and 17th
centuries, 102.
Elizabeth, proclamation by Queen,
110, 114.
Emaciated figures, 19, 23.
Emblems, see Devices.
Enamel, 2, 5, 7.
English brasses, 10, 11.
Epaulieres, 70.
Epitaphs, see Inscriptions.
Epomis or Ephod, 24.
Eton scholars, dress of, 38.
Eucharistical vestments, 23; figures
in, 14th century, 63; 15th century,
82; 16th century, 102.
Evangelistic symbols, 48.
Execution, variety of, 12.
Fanon, 25.
Fermailes, 75.
Fifteenth century, brasses of, 77.
Flemish brasses, 10, 49, 64.
Foreign brasses, 9, 10, 13, 61.
Founders of churches, brasses of, 3, 13,
55, 113, App. C.
Fourteenth century, brasses of, 58.

France, incised slabs of, 7, 27, 28, 32,
59.
Frankelein, 73.
Fylfot, 50, 63.
Gadlings, 71.
Gambeson, 66.
Garter, Knights of, 53.
Genoullieres, 65.
Germany, monumental effigies of, 7,
60.
Girdle, 25.
Glass, painted, memorial windows of,
1, 19.
Gloves, 28.
Gorget, military, 69 ; female, 74.
Groining, 61, 80.
Guarded spurs, 85.
Guige, 66.
Guilds, arms of, 58.
Gussets of mail, 71.
Gypciere, 92.
Habergeon, 69.
Hands joined, 22 ; held apart, 78 ; be
fore inscr., 41.
Hauketon, 66.
Hawberk, 65.
Heart-shaped head-dress, 95.
Hearts, 49.
Heel-hall, 107.
Hood, ecclesiastical, 32, 33, 37, 103;
civil, 72, 92.
Horned head-dress, 95.
Humerale, 24.
Illuminated MSS., 3, 11.
Incised slabs, 1, 4, 7, 13.
Infulas, 28.
Inscriptions, 41 ; 14th century, 62 ; 1 5th
century, 81 ; 16th and 17th centuries,
101.
Isleworth, brass works at, 8.
Jack-boots, 105.
Jambs, 68.
Judges, robes of, 39 ; brasses of, 40, 56.
Jupon, 69.
Kennel head-dress, 97.
Kirtle, 74.
Knights, devices of, 56 ; brasses of,
14th century, 65, 72; 15th century,
83; 16th and 17th centuries, 104.
Ladies, 14th century, 74, 75; 15th
century, 92, 95 ; 16th and 17th cen
turies, 106.
Lamboys, 104.
Lance-rests, 88.
Latten, 8, 20.
Leonine verses, 41, 82.
Letlern, effigy on, 19.

194

INDEX TO THE INTRODUCTION.

Limoges enamel, 5.
Lions at feet, 22, 56.
Lombardic characters, 62, 81.
Loose brasses, 112.
Lunar head-dress, 95.
Maiden ladies, 97.
Mandyas, 33.
Maniple, 25, 35, 63.
Mantle, judges', 39; civilians', 73;
ladies', 75 ; aldermen's, 90.
Marks, artists', 12, add. p. 189 ; mer
chants', 57.
Masters of Arts, dress of, 37.
Matrices, 59.
Mayors, brasses of, 90, 106.
Mentoniere, 87.
Merchant companies, arms of, 58.
Metallic rubber, 109.
Military brasses, see Knights.
Misericorde, 70.
Mitre, 28.
Mitred head-dress, 95.
Modern brasses, artists of, 113.
Monks, 39.
Monograms, 47, 58.
Monumental effigies, classification of, I.
Morse, 32.
Moton, 86.
Mottoes, 51.
Mural brasses, 11, 51, 78, 99.
Nebule head-dress, 75.
Norfolk brasses, 12, 13, 98, 106.
Norman-French inscr., 42, 62.
Notaries, 57.
Nuns, 39.
Obelisks, 4.
Orarium, 25.
Ord, Craven Esq., rubbings of brasses
by, 109, 112.
Orle, 84.
Orphrey, 24, 63.
Palettes, 68.
Palimpsests, 15, 27.
Pall, 30, 31.
Pardon, grants of, 62.
Paris head-dress, 107.
Parura &c, 24.
Pass-guards, 104.
Pastoral staff, 29, 103 ; brasses of, 56.
Pauldrons, 87.
Pedimental head-dress, 97.
Pelican, 47.
Planeta, 26.
Plastron de fer, 69.
Pluviale, 32.
Poleyns, 65.
Pomander box, 1 07.
Portraits, 59, 99.
Post-reformation ecclesiastics, 102.

Posture of figures, 22, 69, 77, 99.
Pourpoint, 66.
Processional vestments, 31 ; figures in,
I4th century, 64; 15th century, 83 ;
16th and 17th centuries, 102.
Professors, see Doctors.
Pryck spurs, 65.
Punning inscr., 42 ; arms, 52.
Puritans, destruction Of brasses by, 6,
110.
Rebuses, 58.
Refixing brasses, 113.
Reformation, changes at, 100, 102.
Relief, monuments in, ], 4, 7.
Rerebraces, 68.
Resemblance of distant brasses, 1 1 ;
of male and female costume, 23.
Restoration of brasses, 17, 113.
Resurrection, representations of, 47.
Reticulated head-dress, 75.
Ring, 28.
Rochet, 36, 39, 102.
Rode solers (loft), 46.
Roses, 50.
Roundels, 68.
Rowell spurs, 69.
Royal vestments, 31 ; arms and badges,
51, 52.
Rubbings of brasses, 108.
Ruffs, 107.
Runic crosses, 4, 50.
Sabbatons, 90.
Saints, on canopies, 9; on orphreys,
24; on crosses, 60; selection and
invocation of, 46 ; emblems of 48.
Salades, 88.
Sandals, 27, 31.
Scrolls, 68, 81.
Scull cap, 22, 103.
Sculls, 51, 101.
Sculptured effigies, 1, 5.
Seals, 3.
Serjeants, at Law, 39 ; at arms, 57-
Shrouds, 19, 23, 78, 99.
Sideless dress, 75, 76.
Sir, epithet of priests, add. p. 189.
Skeletons, see Shrouds.
Sollerets, 68.
Soul, emblem of, 49, 61.
SS, collar of, 52.
Stole, 25, 31,35,36, 63.
Stomacher, 108.
Student of Civil Law, dress of, 38.
Subdeacon, dress of, 25 — 27.
Suffolk brasses, 12, 13, 98, 106.
Superhumerale, 24.
Surcoat, 31 ; military, 65.
Surplice, 31, 103.
Symbolical meaning of vestments, 2t.
Symbols, see Devices.

INDEX TO THE INTRODUCTION.

195

Tabards, 86, 104.
Taces, 84.
Tapul, 89.
Tassets, 104.
Tau-cross, 47, 90, 104.
Tippet, academical, 37 ; legal, 39 j
civilians', 72 ; ladies', 96.
Tonsure, 22.
Trinity, &c, symbols of, 46, 101.
Trunk-hose, 105, 106.
Tuilles, 86.
Tuillettes, 89.
Tunic, regal, 27 ; ecclesiastical, 35 ;
civil, 72.
Variations in wearing ecclesiastical vest
ments, 23.
Veil head-dress, 75.
Verses, favourite, 41 ; of the 14th
century, 62; 1 5th century, 81 ; 16th
and 17th centuries, 101,

Vervelles, 69.
Vestment, 103.
Vexillum, 29.
Virgin, Annunciation of, 48.
Vittse, 28.

Wambais, 66.
Widows, attire of, 39, 75, 95.
Wills, on brasses, 2 ; extracts from, 19,
21.
Winchester Scholars, dress of, 38.
Wimple, 74.
Wired head-dress, 77, 96.
Woolmen, brasses of, 57.
Yeomen of the Guard, 57.
Zigzag head-dress, 75.

INDEX OF ARMORIAL BEARINGS.

The figures refer lo tlie numbers in the Catalogue.

Abbot, 187.
Acworth, 203.
Adventurers, Merchant, liii, 335, 343.
Andelhy, 208.
Andrewe, 188,-213, 298.
Anley, 178.
Arderne, 186, 277.
Arundel, 63, 249, 390.
Ashton,416.
Aslack, 364.
Aston, 169.
Aumarle, 223.
Bagot, 150.
Bailey, 380.
Bardolph, 364.
Barker, 362.
Barrington, 420.
Baynard, 196, 364.
Baynton, 206.
Bearcroft, 314.
Beauchamp, 311.
Bedingfeild, 414.
Berdewell, 190.
Bernard, 394.
Berney, 221.
Berry, 364.
Bill, 119.
Blomeville, 428.
Bohun, 249, 277.
Booth, 8.
Boteler, 106.
Boteler, 264, 409.
Bothe, 173.
Bovile, 233, 390.
Bradshawe, 383.
Braybrook, 333 (add.)
Bretton, 172 (add.)
Brewers, company of, liv, 379.
Brewse, 204.
Brewster, 236.
Briseworth, 179, 322, 364.
Bristol, liv.
Brook, 333.
Brotherton, 344.
Broughton, ib.
Brudenell, 401.

Bryan, 141.
Buckfold, 382.
Bugge, 367.
Bulbeck, 390.
Bull, 409.
Bulkeley, 225.
Bulkeley, 336 (add.)
Burgate, 364.
Burgherst, 165.
Burley, 362.
Calais, merchants of the staple of, liii.
Calthorp, 136.
Calthorpe, 239.
Camville, 198.
Carew, 262.
Catesby, 197.
Cely, 406.
Charier, 364.
Chatwyn, 209.
Cheut, 398.
Cheyne, 434.
Clere, 214.
Clothworkers, company of, liv.
Cobham of Cobham, 151, 171, 333.
Cobham of Starhorough, 171.
Cockayne, 216.
Coggeshall, 364, 412.
Colt, 178, 208.
Corbet, 221.
Coton, 345.
Cotton, 219.
Curson, 210.
Dallingridge, 142.
D'Aubernoun, 125, 128.
Delamar, 262.
Denston, 344.
Denton, 444.
Denys, 179, 322, 364.
Despencer, 165.
Dive, 161.
Dixton, 166.
Dovedale, 214.
Drapers, company of, liii.
Dryden, 369.
Duke, 239, 384.

iJNDBX. OF ARMORIAL BEARINGS.

197

Dutton, 336.
Dyne, 374.
Edward III., Iii.
Ellington, 208.
England, 163,419.
Ermyn, 60.
Felbrigg, 145.
Ferrars, 177.
Ferrers, 245.
Fishmongers, company of, liv.
Fitton, 146, 168.
Fitton, 164, 173.
Fitzalan, 63, 249.
Fitzherbert, 345.
Flambert, 364.
Forster, 226, 236.
Foxley, 135.
Franklin, 392.
Frowyck, 215, 354.
Fynderne, 168.
Gale, 404.
Gascoigne, 225.
Gayner, 256.
Gerard, 390.
Gerbridge, 364.
Goldsmiths, company of, liv, 432.
Goldwell, 116.
Gousell, 233, 390.
Grene, 177.
Grevel, 253.
Grey, 180, 193, 199.
Grocers, companv of, liii.
Guldeford, 207. "
Haberdashers, company of, liv.
Harcourt, 274.
Hare, 401.
Harewell, 199.
Harpeden, 171.
Harsick, 136.
Hastings, 144, 180, 199.
Hawke, 414.
Haydock, 416.
Henry V. , Iii.
Hobert, 222, 428.
Holt, 351.
Horne, 429.
Horsey, 211.
Howard, 344, 390.
Hungeribrd, 219.
Hyde, 376.
Ince, 390.
Ipswich, 335.
Ironmongers, company of, liv.
Isley, 157, 207.
Jenney, 322.
Jermyn, 229, 384.
Juyn ? 267.

Kidwelly, 290.
Kingston, 146, 168 (add.)
Knightley, 205.
Lancaster, duchy of, 163, 419 (add.)
LanceUyn, 352.
Lathom, 198.
Lawson, 406.
Legh, 416.
Leventhorp, 419.
Lisle, 149.
Love, 370.
Lovell, 235.
Lucy, 199.
Luke, 225, 352.
Mablethorp, 177. *
Mainwaring, 383.
Maltrevers, 223.
Mandeville, 249.
Mauntell, 187.
Mede, 181.
Mercers, company of, liii, 308, 310.
Middleton, 199.
Milo, earl of Hereford, 249.
Molyneux, 336, 416.
Mortimer, 171.
Mowbray, 344.
Narburgh, 215.
Neville, 231.
Norbury, 345.
Northwood, 129.
Oker, 169.
Owy dale, 214.
Parret, 370.
Pever, 344.
Pipe, 198.
Playters, 179, 218, 229, 322, 364, 398.
Polton, 69.
Prelatte, 176.
Quartremaine, 172, 424 (add.)
Radcliff, 390.
Richard IL, Iii, 5.
Roberts, 392.
Robinson, App. A.
Roet, 165.
Russell, 146.
St. Martyn, 223.
Salters, company of, liv, 343.
Sanders, 210.
Sandes, 321.
Savage, 416.
Septvans, 127.
Shelley, 219.
Shelley, 235.
Sidney, 420.
Skinners, company of, liv.

198

INDEX OF ARMORIAL BEARINGS.

Slifield, 382.
Sondes, 98.
Spelman, 215, 354 (add.)
Stafford, 223.
Stafford, Bishop, 62.
Stafford of Pipe, 198.
Stanley, 198, 374.
Staverton, 363, 377.
Stonham, 344.
Stoughton, 362.
Strabolgie, 245, 268.
Strangwayes, 223.
Sturgeon, 215, 354.
Tailors, Merchant, liv.
Tame, 195, 429.
Throckmorton, 231.
Thynne, 217.
Tirrell, 364.
Trumpington, 126.
Trusbut, 178.

Turgis, 211.
Ufford, 251 (add.)
Ulster, 171.
Urswick, 79.
Valence, 180, 199.
Vaughan, 185.
Vere, 390.
Vintners, company of, liv.
Wake, 197.
Warren, 63, 249, 344, 390.
Westminster Abbey, 9.
Whatton, 150 (add.)
Williams, 226.
Willington, 351 (add.)
Wingfield, 144, 233, 390.
Woodstock, 249.
Woodville, 161.
Wylcote, 152.
Wyvil, 2.

TOPOGRAPHICAL INDEX.

The figures at the end of the lines refer to the pages of the Introduction.

BEDFORDSHIRE.
No. A.D.
_ . „( A priest kneeling, with St. John Baptist stand-
Apsley Guise  c. 1410 \ . ,, ' ,, , ,, „„
( ing, (the cross between them lost,) 33.
230 Bedford St. Paul's  1573.. .Sir William Harper and lady, 40.
 1208. ..Simon de Beauchamp, lost, 14.
Biggleswade  1481. ..John Rudying, figure lost, 48, 51.
161 Bromham  c. 1430, 1535. ..Sir John Dyve, mother, and wife, 17, 96.
Cardington  1638. ..Sir Jarrate Harvye, 104.
Cople  c. 1390...Nichol Rokmd and wife, 39.
 c. 1410... Walter Rolond Esq., 86.
193  c. 1500... Thos. Gray Esq., and wife.
352  1545. ..Sir Walter Luke, judge, and lady.
225  1568. ..Win. Bulkeley Esq., and wife.
Dean  1501. ..Thos. Parker, canon, 35.
Dunstable  c. 1440...Mercht. and wife, inscr. lost, 92.
 1516. ..Henry Fayrey and wife, in shrouds, 78.
Elstow  1427... Margt. Argenteine, 96.
 c. 1530... Elizth. Herrey, Abbess, 39.
Holwell  1515. ..Robt. Wodehowse, priest, chalice, &c, 56,58.
Luton  c. 1435. ..Hugo atte Spetyll, wife lost, and son, 22.
297  c. 1490. ..A lady on an altar tomb.
 c. 1510. ..Edward ShefTeld, priest, 35.
203  ¦ — 1513. ..John Ackworth Esq., and wives.
 1524. ..Robt. Colshill and wife, 54.
Marston Morteyne  1451. ..Thomas Reynes Esq., and wife, 87.
Mepshall  1440.. .John Meptyshale Esq., 87.
 .  1441 ...John Boteler Esq., and wife, 87.
Milbrook  c. 1420... Robt. Were, priest, 82.
327 Renhold  1518. ..Edmund Wayte, gent., and wife.
332 Sharnbrook  1522. ..Wm. Cohbe, smith, wife and son, 97.
Shitlington  1400. ..Matthew Assheton, priest, 65.
 ..  1485. ..Thos. Portyngton, priest, inscr. lost, 33.
436 Sutton  1516. ..Thos. Burgoyn and wife, a cross, 100,
287 Turvey  c. 1480.. .A civilian, inscr. lost.
394  u  1606. ..Alice Bernard.
Wilshamstead  c. 1450. ..Wm. Caibrok, priest, 82.

200 TOPOGRAPHICAL INDEX.
No. A.D.
248 Wymington  1391. ..John Curteys and wife, on altar tomb, 73.
 1407.. .Margt. Bromflete, 95.
159  1430... Sir Thos. Brounflet.
49  c. 1510. .. John Stokys, rector.
410 Yielden  1628. .. Christ, Stickland, gent.
BERKSHIRE.
Abingdon, St. Helen's. ..1417. ..Geoffrey Barbur, demi-figure, 92.
426 Appleton  1518. ..John Goodryngton, skeleton.
19 Binfield  1361.. .Walter de Aunesfordhe, priest.
135 Bray  c. 1370... Sir John Foxley and wives, 68.
 1475. .. Wm. Laken, judge, wife lost, 40.
295  c. 1490. ..Wm. Smyth and wives.
 1560.. .Ursula Norris, lost, 20.
168 Childrey  1444.. .Wm. Fynderne Esq., and wife, fine, 7.
 ¦  c. 1480...A priest, inscr. lost, 82.
-¦  c. 1500. ..Two small figures, in shrouds, 47.
424  — — 1507... Joan Strangbon, in shroud.
 — 1514. ..John Kyngeston Esq., and wife, 17.
 1 529... Bryan Roos, priest, 37.
450 Cholsey  1361. .. John Barfoot, inscr.
452  1394. .. John Bate,~inscr,
40  1471... John Mere, priest.
226 Cumner  c. 1570. ..Anthony Forster Esq., and wife.
363  ¦  1577.. .Katherine Staverton, 107.
377  c. 1590. ..Edith Staverton and husband.
224 Dencheworth, North ...1562...Wm. Hyde Esq., and wife, mural.
Faringdon  1505. ..John Sadler, priest, 42.
270 Hampstead, East  1443. ..Thos. Berwick, demi-figure.
Hanny, West  c. 1370. ..John Seys, priest, mutilated, 60, 64.
Kenthury  1624. ..John Gunter and wife, 18.
Lambourn  c. 1400.. .John de Estbury and wife, inscr. lost, 74.
 c. 1410.. .John Estbury (1372) andson, demi-figures, 15.
 7  c. 1480. ..John Estbury Esq., in tabard, 14, 51. .
Marcham  1403. ..Sir W. Corbet and lady, lost ? 112.
 ;  1540. ..Edmund Feteplace and wife, lost ? 112.
Reading, St. Mary's ...1416.. .Win. Baron, remains of a cross, 80, 81.
20 Shottesbrooke  c. 1370.. .A priest and frankelein, 22, 73.
254  1401. .. Margt. Pennebrygg, 76.
202  .  1511... Richd. Gyll Esq.
358  .  1567... Thos. Noke Esq., and three wives, 42, 57, 105.
Sparsholt  c. 1360. ..Rich, de Herleston, priest in a cross, 60, 64.
Stamford  1398. ..Roger Campedene, priest, 64.
271 Stanford Dingley  1444. .. Margt. Dyneley.
Steventon  1476. ..Richd. Do and wife, inscr. lost, 91.
164 Sunning  1434... Laurence Fyton Esq.

TOPOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 201
No. A.D.
353 Sunning  1 549... Wm. Barker and wife.
362  1575. ..Wm. Barker Esq., (lost,) and wife.
375  1589?.. Anne Staverton.
311 Waltham, White  1506.. .Johanna Decons.
Wantage  c. 1320.. .A priest, demi-figure, inscr. lost, 64.
 1414. ..John Fitzwaryn Esq., large, 85.
WCha7eiSt" Ge°lgeS 1 1475-Sh' Th0S> SeUyngCT aDd lady' 1L
 *^f T*y KiDg I children, 99.

1633. ..John King
Winkfield  1630. ..Thos. Mountague, mural, 55, 57, 99.
31 Wittenham, Little ...... 1433. ..John Churmound, priest.
281  1472...Cicilia Kydwelly.
290  ¦  1483. ..Geoffrey Kidwelly, Esq.
415  1683. ..Anne Dunch.
Wytham  c. 1455... Richd. de Wygtham and wife, inscr. lost, 86.

BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
Amersham  1 430 ... Henry Brudenell and wife, 92.
Bletchley  1693... Edward Taylor, 99, 103.
Caversfield  c. 1400. ..An inscription, 62.
444  c. 1530.. .Thos. Denton, a heart, &c.
Chearsley  1462. ..John Frankeleyn and wife.
p, . 14„ (Edmund Molyneux Esq., and wife, with
( canopies, 88.
 1510... Anna Phelip, 49, 1 00.
Chesham, Bois  1552. ..Robt. Cheyne and wife, (1516,) 17.
Claydon, Middle  1526. . .Alex. Anne, priest, demi-figure, with chalice, 52.
Crawley  1589. ..John Garbrand, priest, 103.
Datchet  1593.. .Rich. Hanbury, goldsmith, and wife, 54.
Denham  1494. ..Walter Duredent and family, 90.
 c. 1540.. .Agnes Jordan, Abbess, 39.
 1560. ..Leonard Hurst, priest, 99, 103.
Denton  1628. ..Simon Mayne Esq., and wife, 105.
131 Drayton Beauchamp ...1368. ..Thos. Cheyne Esq., 71.
134  1375. ..Wm. Cheyne Esq., 68, 79.
Edlesborough  ...Brasses removed to Pitson..
Emberton  1410. ..John Morden, priest, 82.
Eton  1515?.. Henry Bost, provost, 35.
Haddenham  c. I420...A priest, inscr. lost, 82.
Halton....  1553. ..Henry Bradschawe and wife, 18.
Hambleden  c. 1500...  ¦  Esq., and wife, 46.
Hedgerley  1540. ..Margt. Bulstrode, palimpsest, 15.
Hitcham  1551... Nicholas Clarke Esq., 101.
 1641. ..John Pen Esq., and wife, 105.
Dd

202 TOPOGRAPHICAL INDEX.
No. A.D.
Marsworth  .1681 I Edmund West? and family, with a figure of
( death, &c, 99.
Missenden, Great  1436. ..John Iwardby Esq., and wife, 96.
Moulsoe  1528. .. Rich. Routhall and wife, 104.
Nettleden  1545. ..Sir Geo. Cotton, 104.
Pitson  1390. ..John de Swynstede, priest, 64.
 1412. ..John Killyngworth, inscT., 50.
Quainton  c. 1360...Johane Plessi, small demi-figure, 75, 76.
 1422. .. John Lewys, priest, 33.
 1485. ..John Spence, priest, 83.
Ri.sborough, Monks ...1431... Robt. Blundell, priest, inscr. lost, 82.
Shalston  1540. ..Susan Kyngestone, ' vowes,' 18, 39.
Sherrington  1491 . . .Rich. Mareot and wife, 40.
Slapton  1519. ..James Tornay and wives, 57.
Stoke Poges  1425., .Sir Wm. Molyns and lady, 86.
240 Taplow  c. 1350... Nich. de Aumberdene, in a cross, 60, 72.
 1455... Rich. Manfeld, sister, and brother, 52, 92, 97.
Thornton  1472. ..Robt. Ingylton Esq., and wives, 89.
33 Turweston  c. 1450... A priest.
Twyford  1413. ..John Everdon, rector, 82.
Wendover  1537. ..Wm. Bradshawe gent., and wife, mural, 2.
Whaddon  1519. ..Thos. Pygott and wives, 39.
Winchendon, Over  1515. ..John Stodeley, priest, 39.
Winehendon, Nether c. 1420. ..John Hamperotis? Esq., 86.
Wing  15 — ...Thos. Cotes, mural, 57.
Woodburn Deincourt... 1519. ..Thos. Swayn, priest, 102.
(432) Wooton-Underwood 1587... Edw. GreneviUe, Esq., wife and child.
Wyrardisbury  1512. ..John Stonor, Eton scholar? 38.
CAMBRIDGESHIRE.
Balsham  1 401 . . .John de Sleford, priest, very fine, 47, 49, 52, 83.
 1462. . .John Blodwell, ditto, ditto, 33, 47, 80, 83.
( A canon, c. 1550, on reverse the lower half of
Burwell c. 1520 and c. 1550 < an Abbot, (pastoral staff at right side) ; under
\ a canopy also palimpsest, 15, 27, 31.
Cambridge.
St. Benet's  1442. ..Dr. Rich. Billingford, inscr. lost, 36, 37.
Christ's Coll  1582? Dr. Hauford? inscr. lost, 78.
King's Coll  1496. ..Dr. Wm. Towne, 37.
 .  1 528 . . . Provost Hacumblen, 35, 47.
Queen's Coll  c. 1480.. .A priest, head and inscr. lost, 83.
Trinity HaU  c. 1510. ..Dr. Walter Hewke, head lost, 41.
 c. 1530...A priest, 37. #
Ely Cathedral  1564. ..Thos. Goodrich, Bishop, 28, 31, 35.
,  161 1... Humphrey Tindall, D.D., 103.

TOPOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 203
No. A.D.
Fulbourn  c. 1370.. .A priest, inscr. lost, 64.
 c. 1390... Wm. de Fulburne, priest, fine, 61, 63—65.
 ¦ . c. 1470... A priest, nailed to a pue, 22.
Girton  1497.. .Wm. Stevyn, priest, 83,
Haddenham  1405, ..Wm. Noion, priest, figure lost, 41, 80.
Hatley St. George  1425.,, Sir Baldewin Seyntgeorge, 86.
C Robt. Parys and wife, kneeling beside a cross
Hildersham  1408 < with a symbol in its floriated head, 46, 73,
( 79, 90.
 «_  ,  C- 1420.., — Parys Esq., and wife, inscr. lost, 85.
 — — '- —  c. 1465. ..Henry Pavice Esq., under good canopy, 88.
Hinxton  1416. ,.Wm. Skelton Esq., and wives, 85.
Horseheath  1382? Sir John de Argenteine? canopy lost, 61, 72.
Isleham  1451... John Bernard Esq., feet on crest, and wife, 87.
 ¦  1484... Sir Thos. Peyton and wives, good, 78, 89, 97.
¦  1574. ..Rich. Payton and wife, 56.
Linton  c. 1410...— Parys Esq., 85.
Milton  1553.. .Wm. Coke, justice, and wife, 40, 43.
Quy  c. 1460... John Dengayn, wife lost, 87, 88.
Sawston 1527 I Wm" Richardson> alias ByggyM> witn cna"
 ( lice, 35.
Shelford, Great  141 1. ..Thos. Pattesle, priest, good, 58, 83.
Shelford, Little  c. 1400... Two brasses of knts. and ladies, lost, 85.
Stretham  1497. . .Joan Swan, widow, canopy lost, 95.
126 Trumpington  1289... Sir Roger de Trumpington, 14, 17, 62, 65, 67.
Westley Waterless... c. 1325 j 8h J°h* de °reke a"d Wy' "> 12' 61' 68'
' 01?) 74, 7o.
Wilburton  1477. ..Rich. Bole, initials on cope, inscr. lost, 83.
w. fe ( Thos. Worsley, priest, above B. V. M. and
F  ( Child, 102.
Wisbeach  1401. ..Sir Thos. de Braunstone, with canopy, 84,
Wood Ditton  1393. ..Sir Henry English and lady, 72.
CHESHIRE.
173 Wilmsiow  1460.. .Sir Robt. del Bothe and lady, 22, 97.
313 Macclesfield  1506.. .Roger Legh Esq., and wife, 47, 102.
CORNWALL.
Blisland  1410. ..John Balsam, priest, 82.
East Anthony  1420. ..Margt. Arundell, 95.
CUMBERLAND.
Carlisle Cathedral  1496.. .Rich. Bell, Bishop, 27, 31, 56.
 1616. ..Henry Robinson, Bishop, 19, 30.
Edenhall  1458. ..Wm. Stapilton and wife, 22, 88.

204 TOPOGRAPHICAL INDEX.

DERBYSHIRE.
No. A.D.
216 Ashbourn  c. 1545. ..Sir Francis Cockayne, 100.
Dronfield  1399. . .Thos. and Rich. Gomfrey, priests, 22, 64.
Hathersage  1459 (1473?) Robt. Eyr Esq., and wife, 88.
Morley  1470. ..Thos. Stathum and wives, 48.
 1485... John Sacheverell Esq., and wife, kneeling, 48.
Muggington  c. 1430.. .A Knight and lady, 87.
345. Norbury  1538. ..Sir Anthony Fitzherbert (lost) and lady.
Tideswell  1462... Sampson Meverell, inscr. and symbol, 1.
 . ,„„ ( Robt. Pursglove, alias Sylvester, Bishop, 29,
(31,56.

DEVONSHIRE.
284 Chittlehampton  1480... John Coblegh and wives.
147 Dartmouth  1403. ..John Hanley and wives, fine, 41, 75, 93.
280  :  — -c. 1470. ..A lady.
62 Exeter Cathedral  1413. . .Wm. Langeton, priest.
Haccombe  1469... Nicholas Carew Esq., 88.
Monkleigh  1422. ..Wm. Hachford, justice, 40.
„ , „, . ,„„, „, (John Corp and granddaughter, with canopy.
Stoke Fleming  1361-911 ' 8 8 ' rj'
DORSETSHIRE.
223 Melbury Sampford  1662... Sir Giles Strangwayes, 104.
Piddletown  1524... Christ. Martyn Esq., in armour, 11.
269 Wimborne Minster... c. 1440... St. Ethelred, King and Martyr, (872,) 17.
211 Yetminster  1531. ..John Horsey Esq., and wife, 104.
ESSEX.
132 Aveley  1370. ..Ralph de Knevyngton, (Flemish,) 10, 67, 70.
 1583. ..Elizth. Bacon, child, in shroud, 90.
100 Barking  c. 1480... A priest.
300  1493. ..Thos. Broke and wife.
Booking  c. 1420. ..Sir John Worwarde and lady, 86, 96.
Bromley, Great  1432. ..Wm. Bischopton. priest, 82.
Chigwell  1631... Samuel Harsnet, Abp., now mural, 29,31, 102.
Chrishall  c. 1370. ..Sir John de la Pole and lady, fine, 22, 41, 72.
Corringham  c. 1340. ..Rich, de Beltou, priest, 64.
Dagenham  1479. ..Sir Thos. Urswyk and lady, 39, 40.
„ , T .li1 ,.0„ ( Henry Bourchier earl of Essex, and countess,
EaSt0D' LlUle  U83\ 47,52,53,89.
Elmstead  c. 1480. . .A heart upheld by hands, 49.
Fryerniug c. 1470 and 1560.. .A lady, palimpsest, 15.
Gosfield  1440... Thos. Rolf, 38.

TOPOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 205
No. A.D.
160 Harlow  c. 1430. . .A knight and lady.
367  1582. ..Edward Bugge gent., and wife.
391  1602.. .W. Newman, 50.
406  16 17... Robt. Lawson gent., and wife.
Horkesley, Little 1391, 1412... Sir Robt. Swynborne and son, veiy fine, 11, 85.
 1549. ..Lady Bridget Marney and husbands, 19, 20.
277 Latton  1467. . .Sir Peter Arderne and lady, 42.
186  c. 1485... A knight and lady.
55  c. 1520.. .A priest.
357  c. 1560... A lady.
386  c. 1600... A civilian and wife.
392  1604. ..Frances Frankelin.
232 Ockendon, North  1576. ..Rich. Tomynw Esq., and wife.
Ockendon, South  1400. ..Sir Ingelram Bruyn, head gone, 72.
Pebmarsh  c. i320...Sir — Fitzralph, mutilated, 61, 68.
178 Roydon  1471. .. Thos. Colte Esq., and^wife, 88.
208  1521 ...John Colt Esq., and wives.
374  1589... Elizth. Stanley.
Saffron Walden  c. 1420. ..Thos. Boyd? priest, inscr. lost, 82.
Stanford Rivers  1492. ..Thos. Greville, child, 78.
Stebbing  c. 1390... A lady, 77.
23 Stifford  c. 1 375 . . . Ralph Perchehay, priest.
418  c. 1480... A priest in a shroud, 49.
Theydon Gernon  1452.. .Wm. Kirkaby, priest, 35, 83.
Waltham Abbey  c. 1320... Matrix of the brass of an Abbot.
Walthamstow  1543. ..Sir Geo. Monox and lady, mural, 54, 55.
153 Wendon  c. 1410.. .A knight.
Wendon Lofts  c. 1420. ..Wm. Lucas and family, 31.
Wimbish  1347.. .Sir John de Wantyng aud lady, 69, 71.
Wivenhoe  1507. ..Wm. Viscount Beaumount, 100.
 1537. ..Countess of the above, in heraldic mantle, 100.

GLOUCESTERSHIRE.
Bkistol.
St, John's ...1478 { Tllos' Bowley an(i wife' under moveable
( flooring, 91.
267 St. Mary Redcliff  1439. ..Sir John Juyn.
181  1480. ..Sir Philip Mede and wives, 11.
289  -c. 1480... John Jay and wife.
333  1522. ..John Brook and wife, 39.
37 St. Peter's  1461. ..Robt. Loud, priest.
Temple Church  1396.. .A civilian, demi-figure, 62, 74.
 c. 1460... A priest, on reverse a lady, 11, 15, 36.
255 Trinity Alms House ... 1411... John Barstaple.
256  1411 ?... Isabella wife of the above, 17.

206 TOPOGRAPHICAL INDEX.
No. A.D.
253 Campden, Chipping ,..1401...Wm. Grevel and wife, fine, 61, 73.
Cheltenham  1513. ..Wm. Sloughter and wife, worn, 40.
Cirencester  c. 1400 \ A melchant and wife> with canopies, worn
( and mutilated, 67, 73,
___  __„ 1434. ..Wm. Notyngham and wife, 15.
166  — 1438. ..Rich. Dixton Esq., fine.
 14(4?)4.Robt. Pagge and wife, inscr. lost, 92.
176  1462.. .Wm. Prelatte Esq., and wives, 88.
 1478. ..Ralph Parsons, priest, much worn, 82.
 c. 1480. ..A priest, inscr. lost, 33.
 c. 1600,, .Fragments of a brass, 48.
 1587. ..Philip Marner, tailor, 57.
Deerhurst  1400.. .Sir John Cassy and lady, 40, 51, 57, 76.
78 Dowdeswell  c. 1620.. .A priest, 33.
146 Dyrham .,,  1401 ...Sir Morys Russel and lady, fine.
195 Fairford  1500. ..John Tame Esq., and wife, 81.
 — — 1533, ..Sir Edmund Tame and ladies, 19.
Minchin Hampton  1556. ..John Hampton and wife, in shrouds, 38, 39.
170 Newland  c. 1445.. .A knight and lady, 85.
Northleach  c. 1400.. .A woolman and wife, large and loose, 73, 75.
 ...-(Thos. Fortey, woolman, Wm. Scors, tailor,
I and their wife, 57, 81, 92, 95.
 1458. ..John Fortey, woolman, fine, 41, 81, 93.
 -c. 1480.. .A woolman and wife, 81.
 1526.. .Thos. Bushe and wife, 53, 100.
1 17  — _o, 1530. ..Wm. Lawnder, priest, 35, 38, 46.
Rodmarton  1461. ..John Edward, lawyer, 39.
Tormarton c 1350 \ ^atr*x "fthe brass of Sir John de la Riviere,
'"  - 1 41,56.
 — — 1493. ..John Ceysyll, " famulus," 81.
246 Winterbourne  c. 1380... A lady, 76.
w„». , i i7 j ,m (Matrix of brass of R. de Wotton, Rector,
Wotton-Under-Edge c. 1320 ) ' '
( kneeling beneath a cross, 63.
140  1392. ..Thos. Lord Berkeley and lady, fine, 2, 76.

HAMPSHIRE.
Calbourne, Isle of) . . ,
[ c. 1380.. .A knight, inscr. lost, 72.
Crondall  c. 1370... A priest, canopy and inscr. gone, 26, 64.
Headbourn Worthy c. 1460. ..John Kent, scholar, 38.
Kympton  1522., .Robt. Thornburgh Esq., and wives, 47.
Ringwood  1416?. ..John Prophete? priest, 83.
Shorwell, Isle of Wight 1518. ..Rich. Bethel], priest, 33.
Sombourne, King's.. .c. 1380. ..Two civilians, inscr. lost, 73.
149 Thruxton  1407. ..Sir John Lysle, fine, 85.

TOPOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 207
No. A.D.
446 Week  1498. ..Brass of Wm. Complyn and wife, 48.
Winchester Coll. Chapel 1413?. ..John Morys? Warden, inscr. lost, 35.
 r  1432. ..John Wyllynghale, priest, 36.
 — 1445. ..Nich. North, priest, 36.
 1450... Robt. Thurbern, Warden, inscr. lost, 33, 58.
 1473. ..Edward Tacham, priest, (in cloisters,) 36.
 1524. ..John Barratte, priest, kneeling, 38.
 c. 1545.. .John White, Warden, 31, 33, 42.
59 Winchester, St. Cross ...1382. ..John de Campeden, priest, fine, 46, 47, 64.
108  ¦ 1493?.. .Rich. Harward? priest, inscr. lost
52  1518. .. Thos. Lawne, priest.

HEREFORDSHIRE.
Hereford Cathedral ...1282. ..Matrix of the brass of Bp. Cantilupe, 59.
 1360. ..John Trellick, Bp., 27, 35, 61, 64.
 ¦  1384?.. .Rich, de la Barr, priest in cross, 60.
 ,„, ( Rich. Delamare Esq., and wife, very fine, 52,
(87.
 1529.. .Edmund Frowsetoure, Dean, fine, 33, 46, 100.
See also the list of brasses in private possession.
HERTFORDSHIRE.
Aldenham  c. 1500.. .A civilian and wife, 105.
 c. 1540.. .A lady, inscr. lost, 107.
Baldock  c. 1410.. .A lady, mutilated, inscr. lost, 96.
Berkhampstead, Great 1356. ..Rich. Torryngton and wife, 22, 73.
 c. 1390. ..A lady, inscr. lost, 77.
 1395?:.. John Raven Esq. ? inscr. lost, 72.
 1409.. .Edmund Cook, 92.
1460 15  ( Palimpsest inscrs. — Humfre, goldsmith,
( on reverse with fine initial letter.
36 Broxbourne  c. 1460.. .A priest.
.  1473. ..Sir John Say and lady, good, 51, 52, 89.
¦  ¦ 1531. ..John Borrell and wife, nearly all lost, 51, 57.
Buckland  1478. ..Wm. Langley, priest, 33, 36.
p, , . 144ft ( Nich. Dixon, canopy and inscr. alone remain,
( 80.
54 Clothall  1519... John Wryght, priest.
81  — . — ¦ ¦¦ - 1541?... Thos. Dallyson? priest.
_— — w.   1602.. .William Lucas, priest, 103.
Digswell  1415. ..John Peryent Esq., and wife, large, 85, 96.
 ¦  c. 1450. ..John Peryent Esq., inscr. lost, 17.
Flamstead  1414.. .John Oundeby, priest in cope, good, 52.
. Hemel Hempstead... c. 1400. ..Robert Albyn Esq., and wife, 72.

208 TOPOGRAPHICAL INDEX.
No. A.D.
Hertford, St. Nicholas's 1419 . Device of Rich. Pynere, lost, 57.
Hinxworth  1487. ..John Lambard and wife, 35, 89, 91.
Hitchin  1498.. .Jas. Hert, priest in cope, inscr. lost, 58.
421 Hunsdon  1495. ..Margt. Shelley, in shroud.
378  1591. ..Jas. Gray, 50.
Knebworth  1414. ..Simon Bache, priest, 33.
397 Langley, Abbots  1607. ..Thos. Cogdell and wives.
Letchworth  c. 1400... A civilian and wife, 73.
 1 475 . . .Thos. Wyrley, priest, 49.
18 Mimms, North  c. 1360.. .A priest, Flemish, 10, 60.
 1458. ..Elizth. Knolles and children, 78.
 1488. ..Henry Covert Esq., inscr. lost, 90.
323 Redburn  1512.. .Rich. Pecok and wife, 58.
227 ¦  c. 1570...A knight and lady.
Royston  u. 1420. ..Upper half of a priest, with canopy, 80.
 c. 1500... A cross, inscr. lost, 100.
a cj, aii. ¦ 11.1 , oan S Thos. de Mare, Abbot, very fine Flemish, 10,
4 St. Albans Abbey ...c. 1360 i ' ' J
J I 22, 46.
6  c. 1400. ..Lower half of an Abbot, palimpsest.
 1411. ..Thos. Fayreman and wife, 92.
 1443?. ..Reginald Bernewelt? monk, 38.
 .... (John Stoke, Abbot, fine canopy, figure lost,
( 50,80.
 c. 1470... Robt. Beauner, monk, 49.
 -c. 1470...A monk, demi-figure, 38.
180  1480. ..Sir Anthony Grey, 52.
 1521. ..Thos. Rutlond, sub-prior, 38.
St. Alban's, St. Mi- ) ,„„„ , . . ,. . , . „„
, „ ' > c. 1380.. .A knight, mscr. lost, 72.
chaels  ) , ,nr, (A civilian in head of a fine cross, (under the
 c. 1400 , v
( pues,) 60.
Sandon  1480. ..John Fitz Geoffrey Esq., and wife, 89.
163 Sawbridgeworth  1433. ..John Leventhorp Esq., and wife, 51, (add.)
279  1470. .. Geoffrey Joslyne and wives.
.,n  ]4q4 (John Leventhorp Esq., aud wife, in shrouds,
I 49, 51.
220 '  1551 ...Edw. Leventhorp Esq., and wife.
388  ¦  c. 1600. ..Mary Leventhorp, 108.
Standon  1477. ..John Feld and son, good, 51, 53, 89, 91.
Watford  1415. ..Sir Hugh de Holes, 39, 40.
 1416. ..Margt. wife of the above, inscr. lost, 95.
403  1610-13. ..H. Dickson, G. Miller, A. Cooper, servants.
Watton  1361. ..Sir P. Peletoot, mutilated, 61, 72.
—  c. 1370.. .A priest under canopy, fine, 61, 64.
Wormley  c. 1480. ..John Cok and wife, mutilated, 57.
 1598?. .Walter Tooke? and wife, (see No. 393.)

TOPOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 209
No. A.D.
Wyddial  1575. ..Margt. Plumbe, a large demi-figure, 99.
51 Yardley  15 15... Philip Metcalffe, priest.

HUNTINGDONSHIRE.
Sawtrey, All Saints ...1404 \ A kni^bt' (with the Stoulton crest> a demi"
( monk,) and lady, fine, 38, 83, 93.

KENT.
Addington  1409. ..Wm. Snayth Esq., and wife, 83.
 c. 1445... A knight, small, 87.
Ash  c. 1440.. .A widow, with canopy, 95.
 c. 1460. ..Jane Keriell, 96.
 1530 j A knight, and a lady of the Septvans
(c. 1590) j or Harflete family, 15, (two brasses.)
/ , „„„> > A lady of the Septvans family, 15, 108.
(c. 1620) J
245 Ashford  1375. ..Elizth. de Ferrers, 57, 75, 76.
¦  c. 1490. ..Remains of the brass of John Fogg Esq., 113.
 ;  1512. ..Thos. Fogg Esq., and wife, figures gone, 17.
Bexley  c. 1420.. .A hunting horn and shield, 57.
Biddenden  1685? J. H. Randolph and wife, 98.
56 Birchington  1523.. John Heynys, priest.
93 Boxley  1451.. Wm. Snell, priest.
Canterbury, St. Mary..,1492 > chrigt_ Elcot d m
Magd  )
Chart, Great  c. 1470.. .A notary, inscr. lost, 57.
 1485. ..Wm. de Goldwelle and wife, inscr. lost, 93.
 , fiRf| \ Nich. Toke Esq., and three wives, kneeling,
( 105, 108.
127 Chartham  1306.. .Sir Robt. de Setvans, fine, 17, 65—67.
 1416. ..Robt. London, priest, very small, 32.
68  1454.. .Robt. Arthur, priest, 50.
 1508. ..Robt. Sheffelde, priest, 35.
Chelsfield  1417.. .Robt. de Brun, priest, 80.
95 Cheriton  1474. ..John Child, priest.
Cobham  c. 1320. ..Joan de Cobham, 61, 64.
 '  1354. ..Sir John de Cobham, headless, with canopy,71.
13<> ¦  c. 1365. ..Sir John de Cobham, 14, 55, 62.
 1367.. .Sir Thos. de Cobham, 62, 72.
 —  1375?.. Margt. de Cobham, mutilated, inscr. lost, 76.
¦  c. 1380.. .Maud de Cobham, 77.
¦  — 1395. ..Margt.de Cobham, 77.
e e

210 TOPOGRAPHICAL INDEX.
No. A.D.
Cobham  1402. ..Rauf de Cobham, holding inscr., 83.
.  1405... Sir Reg. Braybrook, 83.
151  1407.. .Sir Nich. Hawberk, 48, 78.
 141 8. ..Wm. Tannere, priest, 35.
 c. 1420. ..Reg. de Cobham, priest, inscr. lost, 80, 83.
 1433. ..Joan de Cobham, widow, 95.
 1447. ..John Geirye, priest, nearly all lost, 79.
 1506. ..Sir John Broke, (lost,) and lady, 47, 100.
 1529. ..Sir Thos. Brooke and lady, 107.
Cray, St. Mary  1747. ..Philadelphia Greenwood, 108.
 1773. ..Benjamin Greenwood, 14, 106.
Dartford  1402.. .Rich. Martin and wife, 90.
 1454... Agnes Molyngton, widow, 95.
 1590. ..Wm. Death, gent., and wives, 100.
Erith  1471. ..Emma Wode, 11.
Famingham  1451 . . . Wm. Gylborne, priest, 82.
Faversham  1414...Seman Tong, figure lost, 80.
 1480 ?. . .Win. Thornbury, priest, 83.
 1533... Rich. Colwell and wives, 58, 101.
 1533. ..Henry Hatche and wife, 100.
 1625?... Thos. Napleton?, inscr. lost, 54.
Goudhurst  c. 1430. . .A knight, inscr. lost, 87.
 c. 1510.. .A knight, 100.
Graveney  c. 1370. ..Joan de Feversham and son?, 56, 61, 73.
 1408... Joan Boteler, figure lost, 80.
1264  1436... John Martin and wife, fine, 49.
 1452... Thos. Borgeys Esq., figure lost, (see No. 264.)
Halstow, High  1396. ..fin. Groby, priest, 64.
Hardres, Upper  1405. ..John Strete, priest, 33, 80.
39 Hayes  c 1470.. .John Andrew, priest, 11, (see add.)
Heme  c. 1420. ..Peter Halle Esq., and wife, 22, 86, 94,
 c. 1450. ..John Darley, priest, 37.
¦  1470. ..Christiana Phelip, 78, 96.
 c. 1530... Inscription, 41.
259 Hever  1419. ..Margt. Cheyne, 47.
212  1538. ..Sir Thos. BuUen, 53.
372  1585. ..Wm. Todde.
Hoo  1412. ..Rich. Bayly, priest, headless, 82.
 c. 1420. ..John Broun, priest, 82.
 c. 1430... A civilian, 92.
 c. 1465... Thos. Cobham Esq., and wife, 88.
Horseinonden  c. 1340... John de Grovehurst, priest, fine, 64.
Kemsing  c. 1320. ..Thos. de Hop, priest, 64.
368 Lee  1 582... Isabel Annesley.
237  1593. ..Nich. Ansley Esq.
261 Lydd  142;)... John Thomas.

lurOiiitApriiUAij INDEX. 211
NO. A.D.
Mailing, West  A heart and scrolls, figure lost, 49.
Margate  1431. ..Nich. Canteys, with anelace, 91.
 1433. ..Brass of Thos. Smyth, priest, 49, 114.
 1442. ..Peter Stone, 92.
 1445... John Daundelyon, gent., 87.
 1446... Rich. Notfelde, skeleton, mutilated, 78.
 c. 1590.. .A knight, (Norwood?) inscr. lost, 105.
 1615. ..Roger Morris, inscr. &c, 57.
Mereworth  c. 1365... Sir John de Mereworth, mutilated, 72.
 ¦  1542... Sir Thos. Neville, kneeling, 46.
129 Minster, Isle of) c. 1330. ..Sir John de Northwode and lady, 10, 17, 67,
Sheppy  S 68,74,75.
35 Monktun  c. 1460. ..A priest.
286 Newington, juxta ) ...
TT ° ' > c. 1480.. .A lady, 78.
Hythe  ) •"
45  1501... John Clerk, priest.
 1501... Thos. Chylton, in shroud, and wife, 43, 99.
22 Northfleet  1375... Peter de Lacy, rector, fine.
 1391... Wm. Lye, rector, inscr. lost.
 1433... Sir Wm. Rickill and lady, mutilated, 96.
Orpington  1511. ..Thos. Wilkinson, priest, 102.
437 Penshurst  c. 1520. ..Thos. Bullayen, (small cross,) 100.
Rochester Cathedral  Matrix of knight and lady, 22.
70  St. Margaret's 1465... Thomas Cod, priest, palimpsest, 36.
St. Laurence, Isle of ) , , , -T. , - , „ .-,„
„,, ' \ 1444. ..Nich. Manston Esq., 87
I hanet )
21 Saltwood  u. 1370. ..John Verieu, rector.
 1437. ..Thos. Brokill Esq., and wife, 87.
445  1496. .. Anne Muston, (angel with heart,) 50.
141 Seal  1395. ..Sir Wm. de Bryene, fine.
Sheldwich  1431. ..Joan Mareys, holding a heart, 49, 78.
441 Shorne  1519. ..Thos. Elys, priest, (chalice.)
293 Snodland  I486.. .Roger Perot.
294  1487. .. Edw. Bischoptre and wife.
350  1541. ..Wm. Tilghman and wives.
257 Southfleet  1414. ..Joan Urban, good, 19.
 1420.. .John Urban Esq., and wife, 19, 92.
67  1457.. .John Tubney, priest, (add)
 c. 1520. ..John Sedley and wife, 17.
 c. 1520. ..Thos. Cowrll, child, 100.
Stone  1408. ..John Lumbarde, priest, in a cross, 79.
157 Sundridge  1429. ..Sir Roger Isly.
207  1520. ..Sir Thos. Isley and lady.
341 Westerham  1531. ..Thos. Potter.
355  1557. ..Wm. Middleton and wives.
121  1567. ..Wm. Dye, priest, 102.

212 TOPOGRAPHICAL INDEX.
No. A.D.
„,. , , „ , ,,„.( John de Bladigdone and wife, in a cross, 60,
Wickham, East  c. 1325 < &
( 72, 74.
 ¦  1568. ..Wm. Payn and wives, now mural, 57.
Wickham, West  1408.. .Wm. de Thorp, rector, 82.
Woodchurch  c. 1320...Nichol de Gore, priest, in a cross, 60, 64.
Wrotham  c. 1520.. .A knight, inscr. lost, 104.
278 Wye  1467.. .J. Andrew, T. Palmer, and their wife.
LANCASHIRE.
10 Manchester Cathedral 1515.. .Jas. Stanley, Bishop, 19, 28.
336 Sefton  1528. ..Margt. Bulkeley, 41.
Winwick  1492. ..Piers Gerard Esq., large, 90.
416  1527.. .Sir Peter Legh, priest, 22, 40.
LEICESTERSHIRE.
Bottesford  1404. ..Henry de Codingtoun, fine, 83.
Castle Donnington  1453 { Sir Kobt. Staunton and lady, under groined

canopies, 87, 88.
Sibson  1532. ..John Moore, priest, 35, 46.
Thurcaston  1425. ..John Mershden, priest, 83.
Wanlip  1393. ..Sir Thos. Walsh and lady, 63, 71, 76.
LINCOLNSHIRE.
Barton  1433. .. Simon Seman, 90.
Boston  1398. ..Walter Pescod, and wife, 58, 73.
 c. 1400.. .A priest, 82.
Broughton  c. 1370.. .A knight and lady, 49,72.
Buslingthorp  c. 1310. ..Sir Rich, de Buslingthorpe, 49, 65, 67.
Coates, Great  1503. ..Thos. Barnardiston Esq., and wife, 47.
Croft  c. 1310.. .A knight, 65, 67.
Grainthorpe  c. 1480. ..A floriated cross, 79.
Gunby  c. 1405. ..Sir Thos. Massyngberd and lady, large, 83.
 1419. ..Wm. de Lodyngton, with anelace, 40.
Horncastle  1519.. Sir Lionel Dymock, mural ; also in a shroud, 19.
Irpham  ,  1390. ..Sir Andrew Loutterell, fine, 72.
Kclsey, South  c. 1410... A knight and lady, 12, 84.
Laughton  c. 1400 j A kniRbt- (i,,scr- to Wm' and Geo- Dalison'
b ( 1543, 49,) 17, 83.
Lincoln Cathedral  1513. ..Wm. Smith, Bishop, lost, 31, 113.
Linwood  1419. ..John Lyndwode and wife, with canopy, 78.
 1421. ..John Lyndewode, good, 91.
Spilsby  1391. ..Margt. Willoughby d'Eresby, 77.
— — — — — — — c. 1405... A knight and lady of the d'Eresby family, 84.

TOPOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 213
No. A.D.
Stamford, All Saints'. ..1471. ..Margt. Elmes, 11.
 1480... John Brown and wife, 91.
 1508. ..Henry Wykys, priest, head lost, 36.
Tattershall  1456? Wm. Moor, priest, 83.
 1479. ..Jane Lady Cromwell, 80, 98.
Theddlethorp  1425. ..Robt. Hayton Esq., small, 85.

MIDDLESEX.
Enfield 1446 [ Joyce Lady rriPtoft> nne> on altar-tomb, 41,
t 81, 95.
Finchley  1509. ..Will of Thos. Sanny Esq., 2.
 1610. ..Thos. White, grocer, and wives, mural, 53.
Fulham  1529. ..Margt. Hornebolt, in shroud, Flemish, 10.
Greenford, Great  c. 1450.. .A priest, inscr. lost, 82.
79 Hackney  1521. ..Dr. Christ. Urswic, priest, 20.
124  1618. ..Hugh Johnson, priest.
404 Hadley  1614. ..Wm. Gale, gent., and wife.
Harefield  1544. ..John Newdigate and wife, 39.
29 Harlington  c. 1430.. .John Monemouthe, priest.
133 Harrow  c. 1370. ..Edmund Flambard Esq.
138  c. 1390... John Flambard Esq.
66  1442. ..Simon Marcheford, priest.
91  c. 1450.. .A priest.
63  1468. ..John Byrkhed, priest, (see add.)
381  1692.. .John Lyon and wife, 113.
Hayes  c. 1370. ..Robt. Levee, priest, 64.
 c. 1450. ..Walter Grene Esq., on altar-tomb, 87.
Heston  c. 1580.. .A lady, in childbed, 46, 100.
Hillingdon  1479. ..John Lord l'Estrange and lady, 15, 100.
 1579... Drew Saunders and wife, 53.
Hornsey  c. 1 520... John Skevington, child, 100.
Isleworth  c. 1450 \ A kni$ht> <in80r- to Wm' Chase Es1-> 1544>)
( 17, 87.
 1561. ..Margt. Dely, nun, affixed to a pue, 39.
London.
AU Hallows' Barking c. 1400. ..Wm. Tonge, a Fr. inscr. round a shield, 55.
265  1437. ..John Bacon and wife.
303  1498. ..John Rusche, gent.
 c. 1510.. .A representation of the Resurrection, 47.
343  c. 1535. ..Andrew Evyngar and wife, (Flemish,) 10.
217 All Hallows' Barking 1546. ..Wm. Thinne Esq., and wife.
379  — 1591. ..Roger James, brewer, 55.
St. Helen's, Bishop- j c 1470 _ A civilian and wife, mutilated, 90.
gate-street  )

214 TOPOGRAPHICAL INDEX.
No. A.D.
301  1495. . .Thos. Wylliams gent, and wife.
201  1510. ..John Lementhorp Esq., 88, 90.
 1514... Robt. Rochester Esq., 52.
348  c. 1540... A lady.
St. Martin's, Outwich...l459? John Breux? rector, inscr. lost, 37.
 1482. . .Nich. Wotton, rector, 33.
St. Olave's, Hart-street 1584. ..John Orgone, mcht. and wife, mural, 50.
3 Westminster Abbey ... 1395.. .John de Waltham, Bishop of Sarum, 61.
 1396. ..Sir John Golafre, (fragments of brass,) 52.
5  1397. ..Robt. de Waldeby, Abp. of York.
249  1399...Alianora Duchess of Gloucester, 61.
171  1457.. .Sir John Harpedon.
 1460. . . Matrix of brass of Abbot Kirton, 50.
185  1483. ..Sir Thos. Vaughan.
9  1498. ..John Estney, Abbot.
198  1505. ..Sir Humphrey Stanley.
119  1561...Dr.Wm. Bill.
Mimms, South  1448.. . Thos. Frowyk Esq., and wife, mutilated, 41, 87.
Northolt  156-.. .John Gyffordes Esq., and wife, 102.
 1610...Isaia Bures, priest, 103.
25 Stanwell  1408. . .Rich, de Thorp, rector.
 1485. ..Thos. Windsor Esq., and wife, brass lost, 19.
Twickenham  1443. ..Rich. Burton, shield and inscr., 51.

MONMOUTHSHIRE.
Usk  c. 1400. ..An inscr. in Welsh, 15.
NORFOLK.
Attlebridge  ...A chalice, 56.
423 Aylsham  1499. ..Rich. Howard and wife, in shrouds.
Belaugh  1471. ..Sir John Curson and lady, 21.
Blickling  1401. ..Sir Nich. Dagworth, 83.
 1479. ..Anna Boleyn, child, 78.
 1485. ..Isabella Cheyne, 78.
 1512. ..Anne Astley, 100.
Buckenham, Old  .c. 1530.. .A chalice and host, 56.
, Burgh  1608. ..John Burton, priest, 103.
Burnham Thorpe  1420. ..Sir Wm. Calthorpe, with SS collar, 86.
Catfield  ...A chalice and host, 56.
Cley  1429(?)...John Yslington, priest, with chalice, 33.
440 Colney  1502. ..Henry Alikok, rector, (chalice.)
Creak, North  c. 1480,. .A civilian, under a triple canopy, 35, 55.

iwrvjvjiwiriin^Aij INDEX. 215
NO. A.D.
Creak, South  ....1509. ..Rich. Norton, Abbot, and father, 22, 31.
Cressingham, Gt  1518.. .John Aberfeld, priest, 35.
296 Ditchingham  1490. ..Philip Bosard gent., and wife, 78.
309  1505. ..Roger Bozard gent., and son.
Els; 1347 ( Sir Hugh Hastings, fine Flemish, 10, 49, 52,
 ( 61,69,71.
Erpingham  1370. ..Sir John Erpingham, 15, 85.
Felbriee c 1380 \ Simon (le Felbrig, Roger his son, and their
 \ wives, 72, 73, 77.
 1411. ..Geo. Felbrigg Esq., shield and inscr., 55.
 141o I ^'r Simon Felbrygge and lady, fine, 52, 53,
"  \ 57, 85.
Frenze  1519. ..Joan Braham, 39.
 1551. ..Anne Duke, (husband's figure lost,) 18.
41 Harling, West  1479.. .Ralph Fuloflove, rector.
190  c. 1490. ..Wm. Berdewell Esq., and wife, 86.
200  1508...Wm. Berdewell Esq., and wife.
439 Hedenham  1502. ..Rich. Grene, rector, (chalice and inscr.)
Hellesdon c 1370 [ Rich" de Hevlesdone and wife> demi-figures,
 ( 62.
 1389. ..Rich. Thaseburgh, priest, 41, 64.
Holm Hale  1490. ..Wm. Curteys, 19, 57.
Holm by the Sea ...c. 1410. ..Harry Notingham and wife, 92.
Hunstanton  1506. ..Sir Roger L'Estrange, curious, 100.
Ingham  1 364 ... Sir Miles Stapleton and lady, lost, 40, 70.
 1432... Canopies of Brian de Stapiltou and wife, 57,80.
 1466. ..Canopies of Milo Stapleton Esq., and wife, 80.
Ketteringham  1492. ..Sir Henry Grey and lady, 89.
Kimberley  1465. ..John Wodehowse Esq., and wife, 55.
443 Loddon  1462. ..Dionysius Willys, a heart and scrolls.
428  •  1546. ..John Blomevile Esq., and wife, in shrouds.
222  1561... Henry Hobert Esq.
405  1615. ..James Hobart Esq., and wife.
„, ,, „ .„.,. (Adam de Walsokne and wife, very large
Lynn, St. Margarets ... 1349 j ^.^ fl> ^ ^ ^
„.„ .„„. (Robt. Braunche and wives, ditto, 9, 55, 72,
242  1364 \\ 73, 74.
 1376... Robt. Attelathe and wife, ditto, lost, 9, 73.
46 Lynn, West  1503. ..Adam Owtlawe, priest, 35.
Martham  1487. ..Robt. Alen, priest, a. heart and scrolls, 49.
215 Narburgh  1545... John Spelman Esq.
354  1556... Sir John Spelman and lady, 47.
Necton  1372...Ismayne de Wynston, 77.
 1532. ..Sabine Goodwyn, (husband's figure lost,) 107.
Norwich, St. Giles's ...1432. ..Robt. Baxter, mayor, and wife, 90.
 1436... Rich. Purdaunce and wife, 90.

216 TOPOGRAPHICAL INDEX.

No. A.D.

'' > 1525.. .John Marsham, mayor, and wife, 102.
market  ) ( Geoffrey Langley, prior, on a bracket, (from
St. Laurence's  1437 j Horsnan)?;) 38.
 1452... Thos. Childes, clerk, 78.
St. Margaret's  1577.. .Anne Rede, 18, 107.
St. Peter's, Mancroft ...1568... Peter Rede Esq., palimpsest, 17, 18.
St. Stephen's  1545. ..Thos. Capp, priest, 102.
Ormsby, Great  1538.. .Alice Clere, demi-figure, palimpsest, 17.
Rainham, East  1522. ..Robt. Godfrey, priest, 33.
Sir Wm. de Kerdiston, mutilated, and lady,

Reepham  1391 .
Rougham  c. 1470.. .Sir Wm. Yelverton and wife, 40, 52, 89.
 1505-10... John and Roger Yelverton, infants, 100.
Sculthorpe  1470. ..Henry Unton, gentilman, 88.
Sherbourn  1458. ..Sir Thos. Shernbourn and lady, 88.
Snoring, Great  1423. ..Sir Ralph Shelton and lady, 86.
136 Southacre  1384. ..Sir John Harsick and lady, 22.
118  1534.. .Thos. Leman, rector, 38.
221 Sprowston  1559. ..John Corbet Esq., and wife, 51.
Stokesby  1488. ..Edmund Clere and wife, 78, 88.
Trunch  ...A heart with scrolls, 49.
Tudenham, North  1625...Francisca Skyppe, child, (a cross,) 100.
Upwell  1428...Wm. Mowbray, priest, with canopy, fine, 36.
 1435. ..Henry Martyn, priest, 36.
442 Walsham, North  1519. ..Edmund Ward, (chalice,) 56.
 -c. 1520... Robert Wythe, ditto, 56.
291 Walsingham, Little ...1485. ..Geoffrey Porter and wife.
346  1539.. .Wm. Kemp and wife.
347 —  e. 1540. ..A civilian and wife.
„r. , ,, „ ,, .,,„ j A heart surrounded with scrolls for Robt.de
W.ggenhall, St.Mary c. .450 j ^.^ £sq ^ 4g
30 Worstead  c. 1430. ..John Yop, priest.
306  c. 1500. ..John Spicer, 17.
328  1520... John Albastyr.
Wringstead  1485. ..Rich. Kegell, priest, 35.
NORTHAMPTONSHIRE.
258 Ashby, St. Leger's  1416. ..Thos. Stokes Esq., and wife, 78.
 1494... Wm. Catesby Esq., and wife, fine, 90.
155 Blakesley  1416. ..Matthew Swetenham Esq.
197 Blisworth  1503. ..Roger Wake Esq., and wife.
431 Brampton  1585. ..Joan Furnace, a skeleton.
16 Brington, Great  c. 1340.. .A priest, 63, 64.
369 Canons Ashby  1584. ..John Dryden Esq.

TOPOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 217
No. A.D.
60 Castle Ashby  1401... Wm. Ermyn, priest, fine.
188 Charwelton  1490. ..Thos. Andrewe gent., and wife, 12.
298  c. 1490... Thos. Andrewe, mcht., and wife, 12.
213  ¦  1541. .. Thos. Andrewes Esq., and wife.
38 Chipping Warden  1468. ..Wm. Smarte, priest,
371  1584. ..Rich. Makepeace and wife.
Cotterstock  1420. ..Robt. de Wyntryngham, priest, good, 80, 83.
449 Doddington  1359. ..Wm. de Pateshull, inscr.
154 Dodford  1414. ..John Cressy Esq., and wife, 54.
 1422... Wm. Wylde Esq., and wife, 86.
205 Fawsley  1516.. .Thos. Knyghtley Esq.
192 Floore  1498. ..Thos. Knaresburght Esq., and wife, 49.
438  1537... Alice Wyrley, a cross, 100.
177 Greens Norton  1462.. .Sir Thos. Grene and lady, 88.
182 Grendon  c. 1480. ..Two knights and a lady.
187 Heyford, Nether  1487. ..Walter Mauntell Esq., and wife.
15 Higham Ferrers  1337... Laurence de St. Maur, priest, fine, 61.
433  1400. ..Thos. Chichele and wife, a cross, 49, 60, 79.
 1425. ..Wm. Chichele and wife, 90.
292  c. 1485. ..Edith Chaunceler.
43  1498... Henry Denton, priest, 23.
308  1504. ..Wm. Thorp, mercer, and wife.
75  c. 1510. ..Rich. Wylleys, priest.
 ...A heart, 49.
342 Kelmarsh  1534...Morrys Osberne gent., and wives.
Lowic  1467. ..Henry Green Esq., and wife, 88.
272 Naseby  1446. ..John Oliver and wife,
Newton  1400. ..John Mulsho and wife, with a cross, 60,
Newton Bromshold  1426. ..Wm. Hewet, priest, 35,
413 Northampton, St. Se- 1 1640 Geo. Coles and wives> 22.
pulchre s J
Rothwell  1361. ..Wm. de Rothewelle, priest, 47, 64.
282 Spratton  ,.  1474. ..Robt. Parnell and wife.
( Wm. West and family ; and John West,
SudWouSl1  c'1430l priest, 22, 36.
Wappenham  1481. ..Thos. Billing, judge, and wife, 40.
Warkworth  1412. ..Sir John Chetwode, 85.
,  _ — ,  1420., .Sir John Chetwood, 86.
 1420. ..Isabella Brounyng, 81, 95.
 1454. ..Wm. Ludsthorp Esq., 89. See also p. 1 12.

NORTHUMBERLAND.
Newcastle  1429. ..Roger Thornton and wife, fine Flemish, 10.
Ff

218 TOPOGRAPHICAL INDEX.

NOTTINGHAMSHIRE.
No. A.D.
241 Newark  1361 S Alan FleminS> vei7 Iarge Flemish, 10, (add.)
Stanford  c. 1400... A priest, 82.

OXFORDSHIRE.
175 Adderbury  c. 1460... A knight and lady.
Bampton  e. 1420. ..Thos. Plymmyswode, priest, 35.
 — 1500... Robt. Holcot, priest, 33.
BrightweU, Baldwyn ...1439... John Cottesmore, judge, and wife, 10, 40, 96.
Broughton  1414. ..Philippa Byschoppesdon, 95.
t> ,f , j , . o7 J John Spycer and wife, kneeling at a bracket,
( 11,46,80,81,91.
434 Cassington  1414 ?..Roger Cheyne Esq., a cross, 79.
 — 1590... Thos. Nele, in shroud, mural, 15, 42.
Chalgrove  1441. ..Reginald Barantyn Esq., 87.
Checkendon  1404. ..John Rede, 92.
 c. 1430.. .Walter Beauchamp, angels and soul, 49.
( stem lost, 60, 64.
84  1361. ..John Hotham, rector.
 .„ J Sir Reg. Malyns and ladies, (partly covered
_ C" I by a pue,) 72, 76.
 c. 1370. ..Adam Rameseye, inscr., 62.
 c. 1380. ..Sir Esmoun de Malyns and lady, 72.
 c. 1380.. .A lady, husband and inscr. lost, 77.
 1388. ..Alex. Chelseye, priest, holding chalice, 64.
 1392.. .John Cray Esq., 71.
Crowell  1469. ..John Payne, priest, 11.
244 Deddington  c. 1370.. .A civilian, 73. «
Dorchester 1349 \ Matrix of the brass of Jolm Sutton, Abbot,
 ( 20,56.
 14,j (Sir John Drayton; lady, canopy, and inscr.
( lost, 85.
74  c. 1510. ..Richd. Bewfforeste, Abbot, 31—33.
165 Ewelme  1436. ..Thos. Chaucer Esq., and lady, 60.
34  ¦  1458... John Bradstane, rector.
 1467. ..Henry Morecote, rector, 82.
42  1498.. .William Branwhait, priest.
114  1517. ..John Spence, priest, 38.
 ¦ 1518. ..Thos. Broke Esq., and wife, 97.
451 Goring  1375. ..Henry de Aldryngton, inscr.
252  1401. ..Elizth.  , 76, 81, 93, 94.

, . , A cross with a bust of a priest in the head,
Chmnor  c. 1320 '

TOPOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 219
No. A.D.
386 Goring  c. 1600.. .A civilian and wife.
Hampton Poyle  1424. ..John Poyle Esq., and wife, 86, 96.
430 Handborough  1567. ..Alex. Belsyre, priest, in shroud.
50 Harpsden  1511. .. Walter Elmes, priest.
106 Haseley, Great  1494. ..Thos. Butler, priest.
422  1497... Wm. Leynthait.
Holton  1461. ..Wm. Brome Esq., now mural, 88.
Launton  15 — ...Rich. Glasyer, priest, a cross, 100.
Lewknor  c. 1370.. .John Alderburne, inscr. lost, 64.
383 Noke  1598.. .Joan Bradshawe and husbands, 18.
Norton, Chipping  1451. ..John Yonge and wife, 91, 96.
 1484. ..John Pergett, ironmonger, and wife, 58.
337  1530... Elizth. Tante.
„.,. . „/,™ ( Ralph Hamsterley, an emaciated figure eaten
Oddmgton  15(18) { \ , . , . „ ,„
' ( with worms, in a shroud, 15, 19.
Oxford.
69 All Souls' College  1461. ..Philip Polton, archdeacon, 32.
 1490. ..Rich. Spekynton, fellow.
no  j David Lloyde, and Thos. Baker, demi-fi gures,
\ 38.
Christ Church Ca- ) ,.,„„„, ,„
... > c. 1460... Edward Courtenay Esq., 91.
 1557...  Coothorp, priest, 34, 35, 102.
427 Corpus Christi Coll.. ..153(7). ..John Claimond, in shroud, 15, 42.
96 Magdalen College  1478. ..Ralph Vawdrey, M.A.
98  1478. ..Thos. Sondes, M.A.
101.3  c. 1480. ..Three loose figures of priests, 37.
72  1480. ..Wm. Tibarde, president.
73  c. 1480. ..John Perch, M.A.
107  c. 1500. ..Geo. Jassy, priest.
109  ¦  1501. ..Thos. Mason, M.A.
 :  1502... Walter Charyls, demi-figure lost, 38.
113  1515. ..Wm. Goberd, B.A.
116  1523. . .Nich. Goldwell, M.A.
82 —  .  1558. ..Arthur Cole, canon of Windsor, president, 102.
14 Merton Coll  c. 1310. ..Rich, de Hakebourne, on a cross, 60, 64.
83  .  c. 1350. ..A priest, in a cross, 60, 72.
( John Bloxham and John Whytton, good, 37,
85  1387 (c. 1420) j ^ ga
89  1445.. .John Kyllyngworth, M.A., 37.
71  1471. ..Henry Sever, warden, large.
115  1519?..John Bowcus ? 38.
\ Matrix of the brass of T. Harper, and R.
 1518 j Hamsterley, 19, 40.
61 New Coll  1 403... Rich. Malford, warden, 58.
7  1417. ..Thos. Cranley, Abp. of Dublin, warden.

220 TOPOGRAPHICAL INDEX.
No. A.D.
64 New Coll  1419. .. John Desford, canon.
86  1427.. .John Lowthe, priest, 37.
88 —  1441. ..Wm. Hautryve, fellow, 37.
90  1447... Geoffrey Hargreve, fellow.
92  1451... Walter Wake, fellow.
94  1468. ..Thos. Hylle, fellow, 37, 42, 47.
417  1472. ..Thos. Flemmyng, in shroud, fellow.
97  1478. ..Rich. Wyard, fellow, 47.
99  1479. ..John Palmer, fellow.
 1494. ..Walter Hyll, warden, 58, 83.
47  1507. ..John Frye, fellow.
Ill  1508. ..John London, M.A.
320  c. 1510...A notary, 57.
80  1521... John Rede, warden.
11  ¦  1526. ..John Young, Bp., and warden, 28.
380  1592. ..Walter Bailey, M.D., 20.
385  1599. .. Rich. Ratcliff, M.D., and wife, mural.
77 Queen's College  1518 ?..Robt. Langton ? priest, 33.
_ ... ( Henry Robinson, Bp. of Carlisle, provost,
" ( (add. p. 182,) 19, 30, 99, 101, 103.
j Henry Airay, provost, (add. p. 183,) 42, 99,
361 St. Peter's in the East.. .1574. ..Rich, Atkinson and wives, 14.
370  1584... Simon Parret, M.A., and wife.
St. Mary Magdalen  1494. . .Robt. Abdy, ) ^ ng
 1524... Alice Harnden, J
448 St. Mary the Virgin ... 1349. ..Wm. Hawkesworth, priest.
HO  1507. ..Edmund Croston, priest, 46, 58.
137 Rotherfield, Gieys  1387.. .Sir Robt. de Grey, fine.
349 Shiplake  c. 1540. ..John Symonds and wife.
Stanton Harcourt ...c. 1330...A shield for Sir John Harcourt ? 55.
274  ¦  1 460... Thos. Harecourt, and Nich. Atherton.
326  1516...EUen Camby.
53  1519. . .Henry Dodschone, vicar.
331 Steeple Aston  1522. ..John Fox and wife.
Stoken Church  1410-15. ..Robt. Morle Esquires, (two brasses,) 62, 85.
_ _ . ,  ( Part of the brass of Wm. Reynesford Esq.,
447 Tew, Great  c. 1400 \ , ., j ii
( and wile.
152  14 1 0...SU- John Wylcotes and lady, 51, 84, 85, 92.
324  1513. ..Wm. Bosby and wife.
158 Thame  c. 1430. ..Two knights and two ladies, 85, 96.
172  c. 1460. ..Richd. Quartremayns Esq., and wife.
243 Waterpery  c. 1370.. .Isabel Beaufo, 76.
194  c. 1500.. .A knight, mutilated.
210  1527.. .Walter Curson Esq., and wife, 15, 16, 107.
Whitchurch  c. 1420.. .Thos. Walysch Esq., and wife, 86.

TOPOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 221
No. A.D.
Whitchurch  145-.. .Roger Grey, priest, 82.
Yarnton  1826...Wm. Fletcher, alderman, 14.

RUTLANDSHIRE.
Casterton, Little  1381. ..Sir Thos. Burton and lady, 15, 52, 83, 93.
SHROPSHIRE.
Acton Burnell  1382. ..Sir Nich. Burnell, fine, 61, 70.
Edgmond  c. 1525.. .A man and his wife in shrouds, 47, 99.
Tong  1467.. . Sir Wm. Vernon and lady, good, 89.
SOMERSETSHIRE.
Axbridge  1493. ..Roger Harper, mcht., and wife, 93.
Banwell  1503. ..John Martock, physician, 31.
Beckington  1485. ..John Seyntmour Esq., and wife, 89.
Burnett  1575. ..John Cutte, Mayor of Bristol, and wife, 56.
167 Cheddar  1442? Sir Thos. Cheddar? 11. j
 c. 1460. ..Isabel Cheddar, inscr. lost, 95.
Hutton  1528. ..Thos. Payne Esq., and wife, 52.
Langridge  1441. .. Elizth. Wallche, widow, 95.
Petherton, South  1442. ..Lady Maria Daubeney, 95.
238 St. Decuman's  1596... John Windham Esq., and wife.
266 Swainswick  1439. ..Edmund Foide Esq.
Tintinhull  1464. ..John Heth, Canon of Sarum, 83.
Yeovil  c. 1430? Martin Forrester, priest, 19.
STAFFORDSHIRE.
169 0keover  c. 1445 j *wf*' °kel' Esq" and family' % 1530>
( palimpsest, 15, 17.
299 Blore  1492? Wm. Basset Esq., and wife.
SUFFOLK.
Acton  1302. ..Sir Robt. de Bures, fine, 65, 67.
 c. 1430. ..Alice de Bryan, fine, 95.
 1539... Henry Bures Esq., 90.
360 Aldeburgh  c. 1570... Emma Foxe.
389.  —  1601. ..John James and wife.
395  — 1606...Wm. Bence and wife.
411  1635. ..John Bence and wives,

222

TOPOGRAPHICAL INDEX.

No. A.D.
48 Ash Campsey  c. 1510.. .Alex. Inglisshe, priest.
Belstead  c. 1530.. .A knight and two wives, 107.
384 Benhall  1598.. .Edward Duke Esq., and wife.
239  1611. ..Ambrose Duke Esq., and wife.
Bradley, Little  1584. ..John Day, printer, and wife, 42.
401 Bruisyard  1611. ..Michael Hare Esq., and wife.
Brundish  c. l360...Esmound de Burnedissh, priest, 64.
Burgate  1409. ..Sir Wm. Burgate and lady, fine, 83.
Bury St. Edmund's  1515. ..John Fyners, archdeacon, 35.
414 Darsham  1641. ..Anne Bedingfeild, 108.
Debenham 1424 I John Flammgham Es1-» and ™{e> inscr- lost>
 ( 86.
156 Easton  1426? John Brook?
233  1584. ..John Wingfeld, Esq.
390  1601. ..Radcliff Wingfeld, 108.
398 Ellough  1607.. .Margt. Chewt.
260 Eyke  e. 1420. ..John Staverton? and wife.
Gorleston  c. 1320. ..Sir  Bacon, now against wall, 61, 68.
Hawstead  c. 1540. ..Ursula Allington, 107.
 1557. ..Sir Wm. Drury and wives, 104.
335 Ipswich, St. Mary ) , .„. ( Thos. Pownder, mcht., and wife, (Flemish,)
Quay ) '" ( 10,58.
283 St. Mary Tower  c. 1475...A notary, 57.
„, 0  . ,„„ ( T. Baldry, mcht., R. WymbyU, notary, and
( their wife, 57, 92.
Lavenham  c. 1510. ..Clopton D'Ewes, child, 100.
144 Letheringham  c. 1400. ..Sir John Wingfield? 72.
Lidgate  c. 1380?. .John de Lydgate? priest, loose, (cross lost?) 64.
Melford, Long  c. 1480. ..Two ladies of the Clopton family, 95.
Melton c 1430 \ A priest, civilian, and lady ; with canopy, mu-
( tilated, 22, 96.
305 Middleton  c. 1500... A civilian and wife.
400  16 10. ..Anthony Pettow.
Neyland  1503... A merchant and wife, 100.
288 Orford  c. 1480...A civilian and wife.
315-19  c. 1510-20. ..Several civilians and ladies.
393  1605...Bridgett Smith and daughter.
412  1640?.. John Coggeshall? and wife.
Oulton  c. 1310. ..Adam Bacon, priest, large, 64.
365 Pettistree  1580... Francis Bacon Esq., and wives.
145 Playford  1400. ..Sir Geo. Felbrigg, fine, 80.
Rougham  1405 ... Sir Roger Drury and lady, 83.
Saxham, Great  1632. ..John Eldred, 53, 54.
179 Sotherley  1479... Thomas Playters Esq., and wife, 22, 89, 96,97.
184  c. 1480. ..Robt. Bumpsted?
322  .  1512. ..Win. Playters Esq., lost, and wife. -- - -

TOPOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 223
No. A.D.
218 Sotherley  1547.. .Christ. Playters Esq.
229  1572. ..Thos. Playters Esq.
364  r  1578...Thomasine Playters.
304 Southelmham  c. 1500... A civilian and wife.
Stoke by Nayland ...c. 1400.. .A lady, 76.
 1408... Sir Wm. Tendring, 69, 83.
t  1426?. .A portion of a double canopy, 80.
 1452 (c. 1535). ..Lady Catherine Howard, 15.
Stonham Aspal  1574. ..John Metcalfe, rector, 103.
285 Ufford  c. 1480.. .A civilian and wives.
432  1598. ..Rich. Ballett, a skeleton, 54.
Waldingfield, Little c. 1530... A female figure, 78, 107.
204 Wenham, Little  1514. ..Thos. Brewse Esq., and wife.
339 Worlingham  c. 1530... A civilian and wife.
251 Wrentham  1400. ..Ele Bowet, 76.
236  1593... Humphrey Brewster.
Yoxford  1428. . .John Norwich Esq., and wife, 86.
420  ¦  1485...Tomesina Tendring, in shroud.
402  1 6 1 3 ... Anthony Cooke, 43.
407  1618... Johanna Brooke.
408  161 8... Christian Foxe.

SURREY.
Beddington  1414. ..Philippa Carreu, 78.
 1425... Margt. Oliver, a mutilated cross, 80.
262  1432.. .Nich. Carrew Esq., and wife, good, 41.
 1433... Thos. Carew and wife, inscr. lost, 92.
 1437. ..Roger Elmebrygge Esq., 86.
314  1507... Kath. Berecroft and Eliz. Burton.
58 Bletchworth  1533... Wm. Wardysworth, priest.
263 Bookham, Great  1433. ..Elizth. Slyfeld.
382 — .  1598. ..Henry Slyfield Esq., and wife. .
Carshalton 1497 \ CanoPy of Thos- EUynbridge Esq., and wife,
( 48, 80.
Cheam  c. 1370.. .A frankelein, mutilated, 73.
Chobham 1530? I John Sutton Es1- '• on reverse a V^^ (APP-
' ( p. 184,) 12, 15.
 . .  ( Representation of the Adoration of the Shep-
( herds, 46.
76 Croydon  1512. ..Silvester Gabriel, priest.
Ditton, Long  1527.. .Robt. Casteltum and wife, 40.
, A lady under a canopy, inscr. to Joan Fenner,

HOTley  C-U3°( 1516,17,76,95.
247 Horsley, East  c. 1380. ..Robt. de Brentyngham? 74.
g  1478. ..John Bowthe, Bp. of Exeter, 19.

224 TOPOGRAPHICAL INDEX.
No. A.D.
302 Horsley, East  1498. ..John Snellyng and wife.
Kingston-on-Thames... 1437. ..Robt. Skern and wife, 02.
344 Lambeth  1535. ..Lady Catherine Howard.
 1545. .'.Thos. Clere Esq., 42.
276 Leigh  c. 1460. ..Susanna Arderne, child.
Lingfield  c. 1380.. .Lady Cobham, fine, 76.
148  1403. ..Sir Reginald de Cobham, fine, 84.
 :  1420. ..Eleanor Cobbam, good, 41, 95.
273  -c. 1450.. .A lady, inscr. lost, 97.
162 Oakwood  1431.. Edward de la Hale Esq.
17 Ockham  c. 1360. ..Walter Frilende, priest.
Pepperharrow  1487 \ Joan Brokes> Reeling at a desk, mural; also a
1 cross on the floor, 19, 80.
Putney  1478. ..John Welbek Esq., and wife, 90.
Sanderstead  1465, 1556 \ PalimPsest inscrs- in tlle possession of Mr.
' ( Glover, 15.
27 Shiere  1412. . .Robt. Scarclyf, rector.
191  1491. ..Sir John Towchet, mutilated.
321  1512.. .Oliver Sandes.
325  1516... John Redfford and wife.
125 Stoke d'Abernon  1277. ..Sir John d'Aubernoun, fine, 7, 14, 65, 66.
Sir John d'Aubernoun, jun., fine, 11, 61, 62,

r

128  132,, „M
425  1516...EUen Bray, child, in shroud, 99.
Thorpe  1583. ..Wm. Denham and wife, mural, 54.
373 Walton  1587. ..John Selwyn gent., and wife, 15, 55.
Wandsworth  1420. ..Nich.  , serjeant-at-arms, 57.

SUSSEX.
Amberley  1424. ..John Wantele Esq., bareheaded, 86.
Arundel  1382. ..Adam D'Ertham, priest, 64.
( Agnes Salmon, (husband gone,) with canopy,
._ ... 14 | g6
 1455... John Baker, priest, 82.
Battle  1426. ..Sir John Lowe, 85.
 -c. 1430... Robert Clere, dean, 82.
¦ ¦  1435... Sir Wm. Arnold, demi-figure, 87.
 1615. ..John Wythines, priest, 103.
65 Broadwater  1432. ..John Mapilton, priest, good, 58.
435  —  1445. ..Rich. Tooner? priest, a cross, 17, 80.
26 Buxtead  1408...Britellus Avenel, priest, in a cross, 79.
219 Clapham  1550. ..John Shelley Esq., and wife.
235  1592.. .John Shellie Esq., and wife.
57 Clayton  1523.. .Rich. Idon, priest.

TOPOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 225
No. A.D.
Clifton  1587.. .Geo. Clifton, youth, 90.
87 Cowfold  1433.. .Thos. Nelond, prior, very fine, 10, 38, 46, 80.
Etchingham  1387.. .Sir Wm. (?) de Etchingham, 72.
< Sir Wm. de Etchingham, wife and son, fine,
( 15,87.
142 Fletching  c. 1395. ..Sir  Dallingridge and lady, fine, 61.
 c. 1450.. .A pair of gloves to Peter Denot, 57.
189 Goring  c. 1490. ..John Coke Esq., and wife.
268 Grinstead, West. ..1395 (c. 1440)... Philippa Halsham, good.
 1441... Sir Hugh Halsham and lady, fine, 87.
329 Hastings  c. 1520. ..Thos. Goodenouth and wife.
Horsham  1411. ..Thos. Clerke, priest, inscr. lost, 39.
Hurstmonceaux  1402. ..Sir Wm. Fienlez, fine, 83.
Isfield  1558. ..Edward Shurley Esq., and wife, 12.
Lewes, St. Michael's.. ,c. 1420...  Warren Esq., 86.
 1457. ..John Bradford, priest, 82.
250 Ore  c. 1400.. .A civilian and wife, good, 73.
Pulborough  1423... Thos. Harlyng, priest, fine, 83.
 1 478 . . . Edmund Mill, 78.
Rusper  c. 1380.. .John de Kyggesfolde and wife, 73.
Shorebam, New  c. 1460.. .A civilian and wife, 93.
Storrington  1591. ..Henry Wilsha, D.D.,103.
Trotton  c. 1310... Margt. de Camoys, 10, 74.
 1424. ..Thos. Lord Camoys and lady, very fine, 53.
Warbleton  1436. ..Wm, Prestwick, prior of Hastings, good, 83.
WiUingdon  1558. ..Thos. Parker Esq., wife gone, 12.
Wiston  1426... Sir John de Brewys, fine, 81, 86.

WALES.
Llanrwst  1653. ..Mary Moslun, bust in oval, ) ,<, „„
 1660. ..Sir Owen Wynne, ditto, 5
356 Ruthin, Denbigh  1560... Ed ward Goodman Esq., 19.
 1583. ..The same and family, mural, 19.
Swansea  c. 1500. ..Sir Hugh Johnys and lady, 47.

WARWICKSHIRE.
351 Aston  1545. ..Thos. Holte, judge, and wife.
150 Baginton  1407.. . Sir Wm. Bagot and lady, fine, 52, 75, 93.
44 Coleshill  1500.. .Wm. Abell, priest.
120  —  1566. ..Sir John Fenton, vicar.
307 Hampton in Arden c. 1500... A civilian.
231 Haseley  1573.. .Clement Throckmorton Esq., and wife.
Merevale  c. 1410. ..Robt. Lord Ferrers and lady, fine, 85.

226 TOPOGRAPHICAL INDEX.
No. A.D.
Middleton  1476. ..Sir Rich. Bingham, judge, and lady, 40.
396 Sutton Coldfield  1606.. .Barbara Eliot.
409  1621. ..Josias Bull.
Walton on Trent  c. 1490 ?.. A priest, 12.
Warwick, St. Mary's 1401-6 I Thos- de BeauchamP> eari> and countess, fine,
1 I 9,83.
28  1424. . .Robt. Willardsey, priest.
Wixford  1411. ..Thos. de Crewe Esq., and lady, fine, 86.

WILTSHIRE.
Aldbourne ,..,  1508. ..Henry Frekylton, priest, small, 50.
Alton Priors  1528. ..Agnes Button, 47.
330 Bradford  c. 1520.. .Thos. Horton and wife, 14.
 1601. .. Anne Longe, 108.
399 Broad Blunsden  1608... Bury Blunsden.
Bromham  c. 1490... Elizth. St. Amand, with dress coloured, 95.
206  1516... John Baynton Esq.
Broughton Gifford  1620. ..Robt. Longe Esq.,51.
334 Charlton  1524. ,.Wm. Chaucey gent., and wife.
Draycot Cerne  c. 1400. ..Sir Edw. Cerne and lady, good, 22, 72, 75.
105 Fovant  1492. ..Geo. Rede, priest, 105.
196 Laycock  1501. ..Robt. Baynard Esq., and wife, 35.
143 Mere  1398. ..Sir John Bettesthorne, 63, 71.
Newnton  ,  1503. ..John Elton, rector, 35.
Salisbury  1246... Matrix of the brass of Robt. Bingham, Bp.,59.
 1256.. .Ditto of Wm. de York, Bp., 59.
2  1375. ..Robt. Wyvill, Bp., very large, 55.
122  1578. ..Edmund Geste, Bp., 103.
376 Tisbury  1590. ..Laurence Hyde Esq., and wife.
Upton, Lovell  c. 1430.. .A priest, demi-figure, 82.
Wandborough  1402?.. Thos. Polton and wife, demi-figures, 95.
WORCESTERSHIRE.
209 Alvechurch  1524. ..Philip Chatwyn.
Blockley  1488...PhilipWorthyn, in acad. dress, kneeling, 1,56.
— ¦  c. 1500. ..Wm. Jombharte, priest, kneeling, 35.
YORKSHIRE,
Aldborough  c. 1360.. .Wm. de Aldeburgh, fine, 49, 70.
AUerton Mauleverer c. 1400. ..Sir — Mauleverer and lady, 69, 72.
'Beeford  ,  1472. ..Thos. Tonge, priest, 36, 56.
Brandsburton  1364.. .Thos. Darell, priest, 60, 64.
 ¦  1397. ..Sir John St. Quintin and lady, 20, 49, 72.

TOPOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 227
No. A.D.
Catteric  1465. ..Wm. Burghs Esquires, two figures, 88.
Cottingham  1382?.. Nicholas  , monk, with canopy, fine, 38.
Cowthorpe  1494. ..Brian Rouclyff and wife, fine, 40, 55.
Howden  1621 (c. 1500). ..Peter Dolman, palimpsest, 17.
Leeds, St. Peter's  1469.. .Thos. Clarell, priest, a chalice, 81.
Routh  c. 1410.. .Sir John Routh and lady, 85.
Topcliff . 1391 \ Thos. de Topclyff and wife, fine Flemish, 10,
} 73,75.
Wensley  c. 1360.. .A priest, fine Flemish, 10, 22, 64.
York Cathedral  1315. ..Wm. Grenefeld, Abp., mutilated, 28, 30.
 1585. ..Elizth. Tims, widow, 99.

Dublin Cathedral  1527 \ Geoffrey Fyche> Priest> 011 a quadrangular
( plate, 35.
 1528.. .Robt. Sutton, ditto, ditto, 35, 101.

BRASSES IN PRIVATE POSSESSION,
FROM THE FOLLOWING CHURCHES.
1 e 1360 I ^ fragment 0I* a Flemish brass of a Bishop or
"""' ' ( . Abbot, 10.
Truncb V 1360 / ^ PalimPsest inscr. engraved on the reverse of
*; I part of a Flemish brass, 12, (add.)
174 Sawbridgeworth  c. 1460. ..A knight.
Hereford Cathedral ...1476?.. Rich. Rudhale ? priest, 83.
183  c. 1480.. .A knight, 57.
Necton?  1483?.. Alice Curteys ? 19.
Netley Abbey  c. 1500. ..Sir — Compton and lady, li.
312 Coleshill  1506?.. Alice Clifton?
Hereford Cathedral ... 1524. ..Part of the brass of John Portar, 48.
340  c. 1530.. .A lady.
FOREIGN BRASSES.
Constance Cathedral. ..1416. ..Robt. Hallum, Bp. of Sarum, with canopy, 9.
12 Amiens Cathedral  14 — ...John A vantage, Bp.
„ , ... ™ , , ,,, . ( Lodewyc Cortewille, in armour, and wife, now
Corteville, Flanders ...1504 < . '
( m London, 10.
228 Seville  1571. ..Don Perafan de Ribera, large.

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volume, and both in its principles and accessories exhibits a scholarly clearness and
mastery. The exterior is very handsome — richly elegant without the least approach to
gaud."— Spectator.
"The book is handsomely got up in every respect— typography, paper, and illustra
tion." — Guardian.
"This work furnishes, in a convenient and popular form, a valuable manual for that
large class who diligently study the ' Peerage.' With the aid of numerous admirably-
executed woodcuts, this volume throws a strong and interesting light upon most subjects
in any way connected with the science of Heraldry." — English Churchman.
" An exceedingly useful book, for which we have to thank the spirited publisher of
'the Glossary of Architecture,' already so well-known and appreciated. Almost all
persons, at one time or other, need a little knowledge of Heraldry ; and this is just the
thing to turn to. There is, in reality, in its pages and cuts much to amuse as well as
instruct ; it gives us an insight of the history, manners, and tastes of our ancestors. To
all who wish for a useful manual well illustrated, for ea<y reference and plain informa-
tion, we can cordially recommend this volume."— Art- Union.

BOOKS PUBLISHED BY JOHN HENRY PARKER,

By the REV. JAMES INGRAM, D.D., President of Trinity College.
Memorials of the
Colleges and Halls in the University of Oxford,
With numerous illustrations on steel and wood. Second edition.
2 vols. 8vo., cloth, £\. 10s. ; morocco, £2. 2s.
The Public Buildings of Oxford. In the Press.
The Churches of Oxford. In the Press.
By the REV. CHARLES BOUTELL, M.A.
Monumental Brasses and Slabs :
Or an Historical and Descriptive Notice of the Incised Monumental Memorials
of the Middle Ages.
Royal 8vo., price, in cloth boards, 10s. 6d.
A Concise Glossary of Architecture.
Illustrated by four hundred and forty Examples.
\2mo., cloth, 7s. 6d. ; morocco, 10s. 6d.
By JAMES BARR, Architect.
Anglican Church Architecture,
With some Remarks upon Ecclesiastical Furniture.
Illustrated by one hundred and thirty examples.
The third edition, revised and enlarged. V2mo., 5s.
An Architectural Description of St. Leonard's
Church, Kirkstead, Lincolnshire.
Published under the superintendence of the Lincolnshire Architectural Society,
with illustrations hy F. Mackenzie and O. Jewitt.
Small folio, 10s.
By the REV. JOHN LEWIS PETIT, M.A.
Remarks on Architectural Character.
With 44 etchings.
Royal folio, cloth, £l. Is.
By the REV. PROFESSOR WILLIS, M.A., F.R.S., &c.
The Architectural History of Canterbury Cathedral.
8v0., with 52 woodcuts, 10s. 6d.
The Architectural History of Winchester Cathedral.
8vo., with 33 woodcuts, and a coloured plan, 5s.
York. Nearly ready. Norwich. In the Press.

OXFORD ; and 377, STRAND, LONDON.

VIEWS IN OXFORD,

ENGRAVED BY JOHN LE KBTJX, PROM DRAWINGS BY P. MACKENZIE.
Quarto, price one shilling each.

1 Christ Church Cathedral, from the north-west.
2 Interior of Christ Church Cathedral.
3 The west Front of Christ Church.
4 Christ Chnrch Hall.
5 Interior of Christ Chureh Hall.
6 Staircase leading to the Hall, Ch. Ch.
7 Christ Church Library, and Peekwater.
8 Interior of the Chapter-house, Ch. Ch.
8*Peckwater Quadrangle, Christ Church.
9 The Front of University College.
10 The Hall and Chapel of University College.
LI The Front of Balliol College.
12 The Hall, and part of the Library, Balliol Coll.
13 Merton College from the Held.
l3*Mertoa College, the New Front.
14 The Library, and small Quadrangle, Merton
College.
15 East window, <fcc. Merton College Chapel.
16 Merton College Chapel, from Magpie-lane.
16*Merton College Chapel, the north side.
17 The Front of Exeter College.
18 The Hall and Quadrangle, Exeter College.
19 The west Front of Oriel College.
20 The Hall and Chapel, Oriel College.
21 South Front of Queen's, & part of High-street.
22 The South Quadrangle, Queen's College.
23 New College Cloister, and west end of Chapel.
24 New College Chapel, and Quadrangle.
25 Interior of New College Chapel.
26 New College, from the garden.
27 The Front of Lincoln College.
28 Lincoln College Chapel.
29 South Front of All Souls' College.
30 All Souls' College Chapel, and Quadrangle.
31 The west Front of All Souls' College.
32 The north Quadrangle of All Souls' College.
33 The west Front of Magdalen College.
34 View of Magdalen College, from the bridge.
35 Cloistered Quadrangle of Magdalen College.
36 Magdalen College, from the Water-walk.
37 The Front of Brasenose College.
38 Interior of Brasenose College Chapel.
39 The Front of Corpus Christi College.
40 Quadrangle of Corpus Christi College.
41 Trinity College, from the garden.
42 Trinity College Chapel, from Broad-street.
43 The west Front of St. John's College.
44 The garden Front of St. John's College.
45 The Front of Jesus College.
46 The Quadrangle of Jesus College.
47 The Front of Wadham College.
48 Interior of Wadham College Hall.
49 Pembroke College, and St. Aldate's Church.
50 The Quadrangle of Pembroke College.

51 Worcester College Library.
52 Worcester College Garden, and Quadrangle.
53 St. Mary Hall.
54 Magdalen Hall.
55 New Inn Hall.
56 St. Alban Hall.
57 St. Edmund Hall, and St. Peter's Church.
58 The Bodleian Library, and Divinity School.
59 Interior of the Bodleian Library.
60 East Front of the Schools, from New College-
lane.
61 Proscholium of the Divinity School.
62 Interior of the Divinity School.
63 Tower and Quadrangle of the Schools.
64 Front of the Theatre.
65 The Clarendon, and Broad-street, from the east.
66 Broad-street, and the Clarendon, from the west.
67 The University Printing-house.
68 The Ashmolean Museum.
69 The Radcliffe Observatory.
70 The Radcliffe Library, from All Souls' College.
71 The Radcliffe Library, &c. from Cat-street.
72 Interior of the Radcliffe Library.
73 The Radcliffe Infirmary, from the Parks.
74 The Botanic garden.
75 The Castle, with part of the Mount.
76 The Town Hall.
77 St. Peter's Church, from the south-east.
78 Interior of St. Peter's Church.
79 The Tower and Spire of St. Mary's Church.
80 South Front of St. Mary's Church.
81 Interior of St. Mary's Church.
82 St. Michael's Church, and Ship-street.
83 All Saints' Church, and part of High-street.
84 St. Martin's, or Carfax Church.
85 St. Peter-le-Bailey Chnrch, and Queen-street.
86 St. Aldate's Church.
87 St. Ebbe's Church.
88 St. Mary Magdalen Church, south front.
89 St. Mary Magdalen Church, from St. Giles's.
90 St. Giles's Church.
91 Holywell Church.
92 St. Clement's Church.
93 St. Thomas's Church.
94 Iffley Church, exterior, from the south-west.
95 Interior of IfHey Church, from the west end.
95»Intcrior of Iffley Church, from the east end.
96 South-east view of Oxford, from Merton field.
97 South-west view of Oxford, from the meadows.
98 South view of Oxford, from the Abingdon road.
99 East view of Oxford, from the Henley road.
100 North-east view of Oxford, from Holywell
meadows.
101 The Martyrs' Memorial.

BOOKS PUBLISHED BY JOHN HENRY PARKER,

AN INQUIRY INTO THE DIFFERENCE OF STYLE
OBSERVABLE IN
ANCIENT PAINTED GLASS,
WITH HINTS ON GLASS PAINTING, by an Amateur.
Illustrated by numerous Coloured Plates from Ancient Examples. 2 vols. 8vo. £1. 10s.

"The objects of this work are very correctly set forth in the title-page ; but such a suc
cinct description utterly fails in conveying any adequate notion of the elaborate research
that must have been required for the compilation of the volumes, of the value of the sug
gestions that they embody, or of the archseological knowledge which tbe anonymous
author has brought to bear on the subject of his disquisition.
" By the happy revival of tbe taste for architectural decoration, especially in reference
to ecclesiastical edinces, an importance bas been given to the art of painting on glass, of
which the neglect of very many years had deprived it. We may now expect to see painted
glass once more assume the distinguished place that it formerly beld amongst the deco
rative devices of medieval magnificence ; but, in our zeal for its revival, it becomes ex
tremely necessary that we should take care to avoid the solecisms that too frequently
attend the assumption of a forgotten art. With this view we hail the endeavour now
made to classify, so far as may be possible, the successive styles of glass painting, in
order that the adoption of tbem may be in accordance with the date of the architecture
to which it shall be intended to apply them.
" From a comparison of ancient and modern specimens, tbe autbor arrives at the con
clusion that the latter has a more poor and thin appearance tban the former. He consi
ders this difference to arise from the superior purity of the materials now employed, and
the improved methods of fusing them. According to his hypothesis, he holds it impos
sible by the present practice to produce a copy of the former that shall not at once be
detected as spurious j and therefore recommends the adoption of a new style; 'so com
prehensive and flexible as to admit of adaptation to the style of the architecture of any
building,' rather than, by a necessarily imperfect adherence to the older models, to
injure the effect both of the architecture and of its decorative adjunct.
" In the suggestions we entirely agree with him. We recognise the soundness of
his arguments in favour of reviving an ancient and laudable custom, as well as of his
assumption that the objection to glass as a, monumental material, on the ground of its
perishable nature, is not a valid one ; since, in proportion to the original quantities of
each, as much of ancient glass has escaped destruction as of ancient sculpture in stone or
engraving in brass. But the application of painted glass to dwelling-houses is a question,
we think, very full of difficulty. So long as our domestic residences c mtinue to be dis
tinguished by the utter absence of any architectural style ; so long as they shall remain
mere lines of brick or stuccoed wall, perforated with doors and windows, in the manner
of barracks or workhouses — so long, we conceive, would it be impossible to employ painted
glass as a decoration, with any regard to artistic effect, or to the general principles of taste.
The ancient residences cited by tbe author do not in our opinion afford a case in point,
because in them there was always architectural pretension of some sort, and very fre
quently architectural merit ; and we do not see therefore that it would be safe or prac
ticable at present to make a further advance than to the windows of the German round
glass with coloured borders, which the writer suggests, as an inoffensive mezzo termine in
domestic decoration.

OXFORD; and 377, STRA.ND, LONDON.

" The second volume is dedicated to the plates, illustrative of the various styles referred
to by the author. Some of these plates, are in outline, but many are coloured, with a
carefulness of touch and^brilliancy of effect altogether unusual, and all are so accurate as
to' be available, if necessary, for working models, from having been drawn to a scale.
" On the whole we can honestlj reeommend this work to the general notice it deserves,
hot more for the labour it must have cost, than for the ability with which the results of
that labour are communicated to the world, and the costly attention paid to its typogra
phical and pictorial execution. We may sometimes indeed differ from the author in his
views, but we must always consider them with respect, as those of a man who advances
' nothing for which he does not adduce a reason, frequently convincing and never frivo
lous." — Morning Post.
" At the present time, when attention has been, so strongly directed to decorative art
and medieval antiquities, it has often been a matter of regret that whilst other branches
of art, and especially architecture, have been so fully investigated and illustrated, the art
of glass-painting, so intimately connected with thein, has hitherto been treated in a very
cursory and insufficient manner. The present work is intended to supply this deficiency,
and treats of the subject in such a way as is likely to be useful and interesting at once to
the antiquary, the amateur, and the practical artist. Much confusion has hitherto arisen
in treatises on glass-painting- from an ignorance on the part of the writers of the practical
details of the art. This objection will not apply to the present work. The Introduction
contains a clear and succinctly detailed account of the process pursued.in the different
systems of glass-painting, the characteristic features of which are distinctly pointed out.
A large space is given to a careful examination and classification of the styles of glass-
painting which have successfully prevailed : on a plan corresponding with Rickman's
classification of Gothic architecture. This part of the book constitutes in effect a history
of glass-painting, especially as practised in this country : and shews how much the ability
to distinguish glass-painting of different periods depends on an attention to minute points
of manufacture and execution, and, consequently, how necessary some practical acquaint
ance with the art is to the antiquary.
'"The hints' relate to the employment of glass-paintings as a means of decoration ; in
the course of which enquiry, amongst other things, their compatibility in the same build
ing with mural paintings is considered. An examination follows of the true principles of
glass colouring, in which are considered what subjects are best suited to the art, and
the mode of execution : an enquiry which involves an examination of the comparative
merits of the different systems which have been employed. In conclusion the necessity
is pointed out of treating glass-painting as an art, and an endeavour to raise it above its
present condition. Suggestions are added as to the reparation and restoration of ancient
windows. " Some highly curious matter is collected in the appendices of the work. The first ap
pendix consists of a translation of so much of the treatise of Theophilus, a work of the
tenth or eleventh century, as relates to the art of glass-painting, with explanatory notes.
In the second many particulars are collected from various documents relating to the cost
of windows, and of their materials. A third consists of a description of the subjects of
many ancient windows, especially those in Canterbury Cathedral as they formerly existed,
and the fourth contains extracts illustrative of the subject, taken from the Vision of Piers
Plowman, and various inscriptions of a monumental character found in windows.
" The work is richly embellished by a series of plates, many of them coloured, (which,
with some explanatory remarks, form the second volume,) and also by numerous Wood
cuts interspersed throughout the letter-press of the first volume. These plates and cuts
are taken from ancient examples. They have been evidently most carefully selected,
with a view to shew the progress of the art from the thirteenth to the seventeenth century,
and in execution and getting up are inferior to none which have hitherto appeared."^
Guardian.

BOOKS PUBLISHED BY JOHN HENRX PARKER.

A HAND-BOOK FOR VISITORS TO OXFORD,
WITH TWENTY PLATES BY LE KETJX, FBOM DBAWINGS BY MACKENZIE,
AND ONE HUNDRED WOODCUTS BY JEWITT AND HEAVISIDB, rBOM DRAWINGS BT
W. A. AND P. H. DEI.AMOTTE.
8vo. price 10s. 6d.
Also a smaller edition, without the steel plates, \2mo. 5s.

" All who love Oxford — all who remember her — all who desire to see her, or learn
what she is and has been, will find the work a pleasant and useful one, as far as it goes.
Its compass is small, and its pretensions are modest. This is so much the better, as
information on the subject has hitherto been a good deal buried in books of imposing
and somewhat formidable bulk and gravity. One hundred well-raised woodcuts of the
principal buildings illustrate the historical and descriptive letter- press ; and, considering*
the variety of details which the author has brought together, tbe number of inaccuracies
is insignificant indeed." — Morning Post.
"This is a valuable and costly publication — full of information as to the various insti
tutions and buildings which make the interest of this fine city — and preceded by a well-
written Introduction, giving a summary of the constitution of the aggregate University
itself. Many a one may be tempted to Oxford by this reproduction of many of the vene
rable features of the place." — Athenteum, August 21st, 1847.
" A great improvement upon former guide books. This will probably always remain
the hand-book for Oxford. It is amply illustrated." — Guardian, Aug. 18th, 1847.
" A Hand-book for Visitors to Oxford will prove a most welcome and valuable com
panion and guide to the chief points of interest. It is profusely illustrated with excellent
woodcuts, is within the compass of a pocket volume, and is printed in a good bold type —
a point of great importance in a work which has frequently to be consulted while the
reader is perambulating the streets and buildings. It is worthy of Oxford." — English
Churchman, Sept. 2nd, 1847.
" The merits of this volume have been tested by us during a recent visit to the famous
city and colleges of Oxford ; with it in our hand, we sought the time-honoured halls, the
colleges, and groves, which cause Oxonia to be the most interesting of English cities.
Each point of interest is made the subject of a beautiful woodcut, whether it be a gate, *
corbel, or a canopy, rich in the unmutilated effigy of king or prelate ; in fact, the
engraver is joined in fellowship with the author to imprint on our memories the magni
ficence of Oxford. At the conclusion of our visit we asked ourselves, what had we known
of the beauties of Oxford without this unpretending, beautiful, and instructive volume,
indispensable as it is to every lover of the picturesque in nature, art, and the science of
architecture." — Bath Journal.
"We recommend every one who is about to visit Oxford to procure a. copy of this
Hand-book, which is immeasurably the best guide we have ever seen to the University of
Oxford. Indeed, we think that all members of the University, and all who are anxious
to refresh their memories of its beauties, could not do better tban purchase this volume,
which, at a very moderate expense, will place before them all the principal objects of
interest in the University in a series of very beautiful woodcuts, accompanied by literary
descriptions, of a character far superior to any thing which has yet made its appearance
under the title of an Oxford Guide. To the ecclesiologist and the antiquarian the
volume will possess a peculiar interest and value. The Introduction contains a well-
written account of the constitution of the University." — English Review, September.

I