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MICHIGAN. STATE LIBRARY l^sws r,g

THE AMERICAN FLAG
IN PROSE, POETRY AND SONG

SECOND EDITION, REVISED AND ENLARGED

Here's to our lake encircled slate,
Our Michigan so strong, so great;
Her minei'al wealth, her waving grain,
Her homes where -peace and plenty reign .'
Fairest of states since states began
We pledge to thee our Michigan. S.

LANSING, MICHIGAN
1916

BbS. 337

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The compiler wishes to thank the publishers noted below for their
kind permission to make selections from the works copyrighted by them.
Bohbs-Merrill Co.
Dick & Fitzgerald
Dodd, Mead & Co.
Frederick J. Drake & Co.
Educational Pub. Co.
Harper & Brothers
Houghton Mifflin Co.
Joel Munsell's Sons
N. Y. (state) Educational Dept.
Page & Co.
Penn Publishing Co.
G. P. Putnam's Sons
Chas. Scribner's Sons. Mary C. Spencer,
State Librarian.

£b9. 331

CONTENTS
Rules regulating manufacture and use of the U. S. flag  7
Act punishing desecration of U. S. flag  8
Etiquet of "Old Glory"  10
Flag day exercises  11
Flags of Michigan  15
Presentation of regimental colors of Michigan  21
Prose  : 28
Poetry and song  41
Index  69
2

RULES REGULATING THE MANUFACTURE AND USE
OF THE UNITED STATES FLAG
The Flag to be Thirteen Stripes and Thirty-seven Stars.
The flag of the United States shall be thirteen horizontal stripes, alter
nate red and white; and the union of tbe flag shall be thirty-seven stars,
white in a blue field.
A Star to be added for every new State.
On the admission of a new state into the Union one star shall be added
to the union of the flag; and such addition shall take effect on the fourth
day of July then next succeeding such admission.
Trade-marks which may be Registered.
No marks by which the goods of the owner of the mark may be dis
tinguished from other goods of the same class shall be refused registra
tion as a trade-mark on account of the nature of such mark.
(b) Consists of or comprises the flag or coat of arms or other in
signia of the United States or any simultation thereof, or of any State or
municipality or of any foreign nation 
Flag used for draping coffin or ofiflcer or enlisted man dying
in the service to be furnished on request to relatives, etc., of
deceased.
That the Secretary of the Navy be authorized at his discretion to issue
free of cost the national flag (United States National ensign No. 7) used
for draping the coffin of any officer or enlisted man of the Navy or Marine
Corps whose death occurs while in the service of the United States Navy
or Marine Corps, upon request, to the relatives of the deceased officer or
enlisted man or upon request to a school, patriotic order, or society to
which the deceased officer or man belonged.
Display of flag on Government Buildings, etc., on second Sunday in May.
The President of the United States is hereby authorized and requested
to issue a proclamation calling upon the Government officials to dis
play the United States flag on all Government buildings, and the people
of the United States to display the flag at their homes or other suitable
places, on the second Sunday in May, as a public expression of our love
and reverence for the mothers of our country.

Preservation of Flags in some Public Place.
All flags, standards, and colors of the description mentioned in the
foregoing section, which are now in the possession of the Navy Depart
ment, or may hereafter he transmitted to it, shall he delivered to the
President, for the purpose of being, under his direction, preserved and
displayed in such public place as he may deem proper.
Acceptance and care of gifts presented to vessels of the Navy.
The Secretary of the Navy is hereby authorized to accept and care for
such gifts in the form of  colors  or other articles of equip
ment  as, in accordance with custom, may be presented to vessels of
the Navy by States, municipalities, or otherwise. The necessary expense
incident to the care and preservation of gifts of this character which
have been or may hereafter be accepted shall be defrayed from the ap
propriation "equipment of vessels."
Volunteer regiments mustered out authorized to retain colors.
That the Secretary of War be, and he is hereby, authorized to permit
volunteer regiments, on being mustered out of the service of the United
States, to retain all of their regimental colors. Said colors shall be
turned over to the State authorities to which said regiments belong, and
the regimental quartermaster in making his returns may, in lieu of said
colors and in full release therefor, file with the proper official of the
War Department a receipt from the quartermaster-general of said State
that said colors have been delivered to said State authorities.
Articles for the Government of the Navy.
Art. 4. Offenses punishable by death.
(12) Striking flag or treacherously yielding
Twelfth. Or strikes or attempts to strike the flag, to an enemy or
rebel, without proper authority, or, when engaged in battle, treacher
ously yields or pusillanimously cries for quarter.

AN ACT to prevent and punish the desecration of the flag of the United
States.
The People of the State of Michigan enact:
Section 1. Any person who, for exhibition or display, shall place or
cause to be placed, any words, figures, numbers, marks, inscriptions,
picture, design, devise, symbol, token, notice drawing or any advertise
ment of any nature whatever upon any flag, standard, color or ensign of
the United States, or shall expose or cause to be exposed to public view,
any such flag, standard, color or ensign of the United States upon which
shall be printed, painted or otherwise placed, or to which shall be at
tached, appended, affixed, or annexed, any word, figures, numbers,
marks, inscriptions, pictures, design, device, symbol, token, notice, draw-

9
ing, or any advertisement of any nature or kind whatever, or shall pub
licly mutilate, trample upon, or publicly deface, defile, or cast contempt,
either by words or act, upon any such flag, standard, color or ensign
of the United States, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor.
Sec. 2. The words flag, standard, color or ensign of the United States,
as used in this act shall be construed to include any flag, standard, color,
ensign, or any representation or picture of a flag, standard, color or
ensign, made of or upon any substance whatever, and of any size what
ever, showing or displaying the national colors, the stars and stripes.
Sec. 3. This act shall not apply to any act permitted by the statutes
of the United States or by the United States army and naval regulations,
nor shall this act be construed to apply to the regular issue of a news
paper or other periodical on which shall be printed said flag, discon
nected from any advertisement, or the vignette of any political ballot.
Sec. 4. Any person offending against the provisions of this act shall
be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof before
a court of competent jurisdiction shall be punished by a fine of not less
than five nor more than twenty-five dollars, or imprisonment for thirty
days in the county jail of the county in which said conviction is had, or
both by such fine and imprisonment in the discretion of the court.

AN ,ACT to provide for the purchase and display of United States Flags
in connection with the public school buildings within this State.
Section 1. The People of the State of Michigan enact: That
the board of education or the board of school trustees in the several
cities, townships, villages and school districts of this state shall pur
chase a United States flag of a size not less than four feet two inches,
by eight feet and made of good flag bunting "A", flag staff and the neces
sary appliances therefor and shall display said flag upon, near, or in a
conspicuous place within the public school building during school hours
and at such other times as to the said board may seem proper ; and that
the necessary funds to defray the expenses to be incurred herein shall
be assessed in the same manner as moneys for public school purposes are
collected by law. And the penalties for neglect of duty provided in
section two, chapter thirteen of the general school laws, shall apply to
any school officer refusing to comply with the provisions of this act.

ETIQUET OF "OLD GLORY"
"The American flag should not be hoisted before sunrise nor allowed to
remain up after sunset.
At "retreat" sunset, civilian spectators should stand at "attention"
and uncover during the playing of "The Star Spangled Banner." Mil
itary spectators are required by regulations to stand at "attention" and
give the military salute. During the playing of the national hymn at
"retreat" the flag should be lowered, but not then allowed to touch the
ground. When the national colors are passing on parade, or in review, the
spectator should, if walking, halt, and if sitting, arise and stand at "at
tention" and uncover.
When the national and state, or other flags fly together, the national
flag should be placed on the right.
When the flag is flown at half staff as a sign of mourning, it should be
hoisted to full mast at the conclusion of the funeral.
The national salute is one gun for every state. The international sa
lute is, under the law of nations, twenty-one guns.
Whenever possible the flag should be flown from a staff or mast, but
should not be fastened to the side of a building, platform or scaffold
ing. When the flag is used as a banner the union should fly to the north on
streets running east and west and to the east on streets running north
and south.
When flags are used in unveiling a statue or monument they should
not be allowed to fall to the ground, but should be carried aloft to
wave out, forming a distinctive feature during the remainder of the
ceremony."

FLAG DAY EXERCISES

For the grades
A suggested program for the grades, prepared by Miss Clara Walker,
Principal School No. 16, Albany, New York
1. Chorus — America.
2. Exercise — The flag of our country.
Twenty fourth grade pupils
One pupil leads, carrying large .American flag, and takes his place ou
platform at extreme right. Nineteen children follow, each carrying a
large white letter. It is suggested that the letters forming the words
of the title be mounted on alternate red and blue shields, as THE on
red, FLAG on blue, etc. The pupil bearing the first letter stands oppo
site the leader at extreme left, the others standing so that the words may
be easily read. Each pupil recites one line, except the nineteenth, who
recites two lines. There is our country's banner
Held by a loyal hand;
Bach heart holds it in honor
Floating o'er all the land.
Love It we shall forever.
And as we older grow,
Great hope be ours that never
Our nation's blood shall flow.
From ocean vast to ocean
O, may men ever be
United in its devotion,
Reliant, safe and free.
Colors, crimson, blue and white,
Of these our flag is made;
Unfurled, floating in the light
Ne'er will its glory fade.
Those white stars on field of blue
Reveal the Union strong,
Yea, patient, staunch, sturdy, true.
In making right, in breaking wrong.
Leader with flag steps forward to center of the platform. At signal
the school arises and in concert gives the oath of allegiance to the flag.
3. Chorus — O, starry flag of Union, Hail !
4. Declamation — The American flag, by H. W. Beecher.

12
Sixth grade boy
5. Eecitation — Captain Molly at Monmouth.
Fifth grade girl
6. Chorus — Oh, Columbia, the gem of the ocean.
7. Tableau — Making the flag.
Three boys and two girls from seventh grade
The boys represent General Washington, Robert Morris and George
Eoss, standing, while one girl, Betsy Ross, is seated, sewing on a flag.
Very simple costumes will answer for this tableau. The second girl, in
ordinary dress, recites The Banner Betsy Made.
8. Song — There are many flags.
First year class
Each pupil carries a small flag which is held upright during the sing
ing of the verses, and waved above the head while the chorus is being
sung. 9. Recitation — The name of Old Glory.
Eighth year girl
10. Chorus — The schoolhouse and the flag.
11. Recitation — A song for flag day.
Third year boy
12. Concert recitation — God save the flag.
Ten third grade pupils
13. Chorus — The flag goes by.
14. Evolution of the American flag.
Seven eighth grade boys
Each boy carries the flag indicated by his description. It will add in
terest to this exercise if the girls of the class make the flags in their man
ual training class. Cheesecloth will serve the purpose. The boys may
make the dowels and mount the banners.
First boy— This is St. George's cross which was planted at Labrador
by Cabot in 1497, to proclaim England's possessive right to the land. It
was the first English flag unfurled in America.
Second boy— I bear the banner that first floated over the permanent
settlements in America. This flag was known as the King's Colors, and
was made by combining the white cross of St. Andrew and the red cross
of St. George, when England and Scotland were united after centuries of
war. It is believed by many historians that the ship that brought over
the Jamestown colonists in 1607, and also the good ship Mayflower in
1620, carried both the cross of St. George and the King's Colors.
Third boy— The Pine Tree Flag of New England, as well as the Liberty

18
Flag and the Rattlesnake Flag displayed the beginning of an independ
ent spirit among the .American colonists.
Fourth boy — The first flag of American independence was unfurled
over Washington's headquarters at Cambridge in January, 1776. It was
adopted by the Continental Congress, and consisted of thirteen stripes,
representing the thirteen united colonies, and retained the King's Colors
as evidence that the colonists still considered themselves Eliglishmen.
Fifth boy — This flag must thrill every heart as we realize that our
fathers assembled in Congress, June 14, 1777, nearly a year after the
Declaration of Independence was passed, adopted this design of thir
teen stripes and thirteen stars to show to all nations on earth the right
of the new-born nation to a place among them.
Sixth boy — Although Vermont was admitted into the Union in 1791,
and Kentucky in 1792, no change was made in the flag until July 4, 1795,
when by act of Congress two stripes and two stars were added. In a
few years it became evident that it would be impossible to continue to
add a star and a stripe for each new state. In 1818, there then being-
twenty states. Congress enacted a law making the flag of the United
States thirteen alternate red and white horizontal stripes, and providing
that one star be added to the union of the field upon the admission of
each new state.
Seventh boy — Our country's flag! Proudest emblem of our nation's
life ! America's heroes lifted it high over Fort Stanwix, Saratoga, Mon
mouth, Stony Point, Yorktown, Gettysburg, Vicksburg, Richmond, San
Juan and Manila. It has been carried to the North Pole by American
hands. Wherever it goes, may it forever carry peace and prosperity.
15. Semichorus — Our flag high above.
Seventh and eighth grades
16. Solo and Chorus — ^Star Spangled Banner.
Solo by sixth grade boy
17. Flag drill. Twenty-six second grade pupils

M

Red

M

L

White

L

K

Red

K

J

White

J

I

Red

I

H

White

H

G

Red

G

F

White

F

E

Red

E

D

White

D

C

Red

C

B

White

B

A

Red

A

14
This may be given by equal numbers of boys and girls, or in couples to
suit the personnel of the class. Couple AA is the smallest, MM the larg
est. The diagram will explain the arrangement as it appears at the final
figure in the formation of the flag. Strips of cheesecloth of suitable
length to make the desired width of the flag, are used. The ends of the
strips are pinned to the shoulders of AA, BB, etc. Couples join hands in
center of strip and hold it from the floor during the march. Begin
ning with GG the strips must be of two colors sewed together ; GG has
red and blue, HH has white and blue, etc. White paper stars pasted on
the blue will enhance the effect. Children enter stage in couples, AA,
BB, etc., in order. March forward, turn to left, march to back, down
center. AA turn to right, BB to left, CO to right, DD to left, etc. Meet
ing at center back, couples fall into first position, BB following AA, etc.
Down center, separate as before, come forward from center back in dou
ble couples, with space between EE. . . .FF
CC....DD
AA....BB

and stand marking time. The odd couple MM advance through space
between the lines ; one turns to right, one to left, winding in and out be
tween couples until they reach position at back. The two columns move
forward, AA turning to the left, BB to right, CC to left, etc., until they
reach center back, when they fall into first position. Couples separate
length of streamer, thereby showing flag in position. Close up ranks
and march off in couples.
18. Chorus — My own United States.

15

THE FLAGS OF MICHIGAN
The flags of Michigan having borne a conspicuous part in the war of
the rebellion, their origin and description will not be out of place here.
The flags are complex in the emblematical composite, one of them being
the National standard of the Union, the stars and stripes ; the other com
posed in part of what is recognized as the Arms of the United States
and the Arms of Michigan.
From the earliest period, flags and banners have been adopted and
employed to designate nations, commonwealths, associations, clans, and
families as well as orders of nobility, one from another, by various
colors, forms, symbols, and mottoes, and their composite has been as
diversified as their use has been universal.
,As emblems, they are revered and loved by the people in all countries,
and exert a powerful influence in upholding unity and strength in na
tions and States, as well as in lesser compacts and associations.
In politics, they designate the various parties, and have much sig
nificance in processions, and other public gatherings, at the same time
constituting a very interesting part of the display.
They form a portion of the equipment of all armies and navies, and
although in peace they are usually erroneously regarded as merely for
display, yet in war they assume an importance and value which can only
be fully appreciated by those who follow and fight under them. They
often prove a more powerful incentive than the truest valor, and in the
smoke and din of battle, when commands are silenced, and tactics and
strategy fail, are the guiding stars, often leading armies on to glorious
victory. In our own country, the love and reverence for the old flag were power
ful incitements to patriotic action in the recent war, often leading those
in the field to follow it to deeds of heroism not surpassed in any other
war, while it aided much in strengthening and uniting the people in the
determination to maintain the unity of the republic.
It is claimed as being well settled, that so far as recorded the earliest
flags planted on North American shores were those of England, and that
with changing devices, various symbols and mottoes, they were continued
through the provincial and colonial times, in the Anglo Saxon settle
ments, until the raising of the great union banner at Cambridge, Mas
sachusetts, on January 2d, 1776. This contained the thirteen stripes of
alternate red and white, as an emblem of the union of the thirteen colon
ies against the oppressive acts of Great Britain, but still retaining the
blended crosses of Saint George and Saint Andrew. Soon after this,
however they were erased and a canopy of stars on a blue field substi
tuted, thereby adding beauty and meaning to the fact that the last sem
blance of loyalty to England was to be renounced, an entire separation
of the colonies from Great Britain effected, and the advent of a new
power, which had by declaration a short time previous, proclaimed a

16
free and independent state, to be known as the United States of America.
Symbolic ensigns, standards, and banners enter into the heraldry of
all nations, but differ much in design; some have birds and fishes, some
beasts, and others trees, while many have various other devices, and each
with some adopted significance.
The "stars and stripes" were chosen for America. Opinions vary as
to their meaning. Some say that red is emblematic of the blood shed
for our country by the forefathers, that the blue tells of the heavens,
and their protection, while the stars represent the several states as one
nationality. The designating stripes on the coats of the Continental soldiers are
said to have furnished the idea of the stripes, and some have supposed
that they were borrowed from the Dutch, while others have believed that
both stars and stripes were suggested by the arms of Washington, which
singularly contain both.
The designer of this union of stars is unfortunately unknown, but the
eloquent and chaste significance applied to them is sublime. A new
constellation, speaking of union, perpetuity, justice, equality, subordina
tion, courage, and purity, with a covenant against oppression and in
favor of liberty.
"For the hand that has woven those colors of light.
And sent it aflame thro' the World's every, zone.
That has led, and has kept it thro' storm and thro' night
Is the hand that has blest us, sweet Liberty's own!"
The star in the American banner, having only five points, seems to
have been taken from either the heraldry of France, Germany or Hol
land, while that on our coin follows that of England having six points.
On the 14th of June, 1777, the American Congress "Resolved, tihat the
flag of the thirteen United States be thirteen stripes, alternate red and
white; that the Union be thirteen stars, white, in a blue field, represent
ing a new constellation."
This is the first and only legislative action, of which there is any rec
ord, for the establishment of a National Flag for the sovereign United
States of America, declared independent July 4th, 1776, and proclaims
the official birth of a new constellation as the symbol of their union. This
dilatory resolve of Congress, it will be observed, was not passed until
eighteen months after the Union Flag raising at Cambridge, and the
sailing of the first .American fleet from Philadelphia, under colonial
colors, nearly a year after the declaration of the entire separation of the
colonies from Great Britain.
After a number of additional States had been admitted to the Union, a
resolution was offered in Congress appointing a committee to enquire
into the expediency of altering the flag of the United States. This com
mittee reported a bill on the 2d of January, 1817, but it was not acted
upon. On the reassembling of Congress, on the 16th of December fol
lowing, the resolution was renewed, and on the 6th of January, 1818, a
committee reported the following law, which was enacted and approved
April 4th, 1818.
"An Act to establish the Flag of the United States. "Section 1. Be

17
it enacted, etc., that from and after the 4th day of July next, the flag
of the United States be thirteen horizontal stripes, alternate red and
white; that the union have twenty stars, white, on a blue field.
"Sec. 2. And be it further enacted, that on the admission of every
new State into the Union, one star be added to the union of the flag;
and that such addition shall take effect on the 4th of July next succeed
ing such admission."
The flag, it is claimed, was designed by Captain S. 0. Reid, for which
he received a vote of thanks from Congress in 1859. He had been the
commander of a privateer, known as the "General Armstrong," and had
defended her with much gallantry while being attacked by a British
squadron of boats in Fayal roads. He died in 1861, a Master in the
United States Navy.
The first flag is said to have been made at New York, by Mrs. S. C.
Reid, under the direction of her husband, and to have been hoisted on
the House of Representatives on the 13th of April, 1818, although the
act establishing it was not to take effect until the 4th of July following.
It is also claimed that Mrs. John Ross was the first maker and partial
designer of the Stars and Stripes; that the house where the flag was
made is still standing, being 239 Arch street, Philadelphia; that she
was visited by General Washington and a committee of Congress in
June, 1776, who engaged her to make the flag, from a rough drawing, and
which, according to her suggestion, as redrawn by General Washington
in pencil, changing the formation of the stars from six-cornered to five-
cornered. It is said that a standard was presented to the Philadelphia troop of
Light Horse, by Captain Abraham Markoe, in 1774-5, and is still dis
played at their anniversary dinners, and which is generally believed to
be the first instance of the thirteen stripes being used upon an American
flag. Captain Nicholas Johnson, of Newburyport, master of the ship Count
de Grasse, is reported to have first displayed the stars and stripes as
the .American ensign on the river Thames, Connecticut; but the honor
has since been claimed in behalf of a bark named the Maria, afterwards
engaged in the whaling trade, and which was still in use in 1856, having
returned to New Bedford, Massachusetts, in that year, undoubtedly the
oldest vessel in America.
Paul Jones is accredited with being the man to first raise them as
the flag of America on a naval vessel named The Alfred, and in 1777 to
have received the first salute for it in European waters, although opin
ions are advanced that the ship Bedford, of Nantucket, Captain Wm.
Mooers, should have the honor of first displaying the flag in a British
port. After signing the Declaration of Independence, on the 4th of July,
1776, The Continental Congress, before adjourning on that day, ap
pointed Dr. Franklin, Mr. Adams, and Mr. Jefferson as a committee to
prepare a device for a seal of the United States. On August the 20th,
following, they made a report, which was laid on the table.
In the Congress of the Confederation, on the 20th of June, 1782, the

18
foUowing "device for an armorial achievement, and reverse of the great
seal for the United States in Congress assembled," was adopted.
Arms : "Paleways of thirteen pieces, argent and gules ; a chief ; azure ;
the escutcheon on the breast of the American eagle displayed proper,
holding in his dexter talon an olive branch, and in his sinister a bundle
of thirteen arrows, all proper, and in his beak a scroll inscribed with
this motto : 'E pluribus unum.' "
For the Crest: "Over the head of the eagle, which appears above the
escutcheon, a glory, or breaking through a cloud, proper, and surround
ing thirteen stars, forming a constellation, argent, on an azure field."
Reverse: "A pyramid unfinished. In the zenith, an eye in a triangle
surrounded with glory, proper. Over the eye these words : 'Annuit coep-
tis.' On the base of the pyramid the numerical letters, 'MDCCLXXVI ;'
and underneath the following motto : 'Novus ordo seclorum.' "
In September, 1789, an act was passed and approved which included
"That the seal heretofore used by the United States in Congress assem
bled shall be, and hereby is, declared to be the seal of the United States."
The arms are inscribed on what is used by the United States troops
as the regimental or battalion color, made either of blue, yellow or
scarlet silk, designating the different arms of service, and are carried
with the National flag, constituting the colors of a regiment.
The principal figure on the arms is the "National emblem," — the
bald or white-headed eagle, one of the largest of his species, as he is the
most beautiful of his tribe, while he is said to renew his age and to ex
ceed man in his length of days.
,As a bearing in a coat of armor, he is reckoned as honorable among
birds, as the lion is among beasts, although Dr. Franklin is said to have
protested against adopting him as the emblem of America, saying : "For
my part, I wish the bald eagle had not been chosen as the representative
of our country. He is a bird of bad moral character; he does not get his
living honestly."
Notwithstanding this objection by Dr. Franklin, the eagle has always
constituted a prominent feature in the heraldry of nations, and was at
an early day made the imperial standard of the Romans, and from his
aspiring flight and majestic soaring was fabled to hold communion with
heaven, and to be the favorite messenger of Jove.
At the Falls of St. Mary's, in 1671, representatives of the Indian tribes
from the St. Lawrence, the Mississippi, the Lakes, and even the Red
River, met in convention, and veteran officers from the armies of France,
intermingled here and there with a Jesuit missionary a cross having
been raised, and also a cedar post, on which French lilies were inscribed,
intended as a substitute for a flag, — the first symbol of government es
tablished on Michigan territory. The representatives of the savage hordes
were then informed that they were under the protection of the French
king, and the lands were formally taken possesssion of by M. deLusson,
on behalf of his government.
While a detachment of English troops was advancing to occupy the
fort at Detroit under the capitulation of 1760, a. very singular symbol
was made use of by the French officer in charge. Being indisposed to
give up possession, he determined on resistance, and with this in view he
collected a body of Indians to assist him. Being aware that the Indians

19
were liable to be strongly influenced by symbols he erected a pole, plac
ing thereon the image of a man's head, and on this he put a crow, tell
ing the Indians that the head represented the English, and the crow
himself, meaning that the French would scratch out the brains of the
English. They did not believe him however, but were of the opinion that
the reverse would be the case. When the Prnch officer gave up the fort
the Indians loudly shouted in derision, and rejoiced that their prophecy
had been verified.
It has been well established that no part of the United States has been
under so many national standards as Michigan, having been governed by
three different sovereignties and five times its flag has been changed. It
was under the flag of France from 1622 to 1760; that of England from
1760 until 1796. In that year the stars and stripes were raised at De
troit, by Captain Porter, with a detachment of General Wayne's army,
the first American flag that ever floated over Michigan. In the surren
der of Hull at Detroit, in 1812, the standard of Great Britain was es
tablished again. In 1813, the victory of Commodore Perry on Lake
Erie resulted in restoring Michigan to the Union, and the star spangled
banner floated once more on her shores and lakes.
It appears that, on the 22d of February, 1837, Stevens T. Mason, first
Governor of Michigan, presented to the "Brady Guard" of Detroit, then
in command of Captain Isaac S. Rowland, a flag, now in possession of
the State, having on one side the devices and inscriptions on the seal of
the State, with a Brady Guard and lady, and on the reverse his own
portrait. This was without doubt the first flag bearing the State coat
of arms, and was carried by the first uniformed company of militia in
the State, having been organized April 13th, 1836, and was called into
the service of the United States in the winter of 1837, as a frontier guard,
during what is known as the "Patriot War," a very feeble and limited
attempt at a Canadian revolution.
From that time forth, numerous flags and banners had been in use,
on which were placed the State arms, with various designs and emblems ;
but not until 1865 had there been adopted an official flag of the State.
This flag, a combination of the State and National arms, recommended
by John Robertson, Adjutant General, approved by Governor Henry H.
Crapo, by whose order it was made at Philadelphia in June of that year,
was first unfurled on the occasion of the laying of the corner-stone of the
monument of the Soldier's National Cemetery at Gettysburg, on the
Fourth of July, 1865. It is now the recognized standard of Michigan,
and is carried by the State regiments, side by side with the Stars and
Stripes. The flag is made np on one side of the State arms, on a blue field, with
the appropriate and truthful inscription: "Si quaeris peninsulam amoe-
nam circumspice," — "If you, seek a pleasant peninsula, look around
you," — a proud proclamation and implied challegne and with the signifi
cant motto on the shield, "Tuebor," — "I will defend," a gallant declara
tion, happily conceived as an honest pledge, to guard and defend our
border State, faithfully kept. On the reverse side, the arms of the United
States, with the motto, "E pluribus unum."
There does not appear to have been any translation of the Latin in
scriptions in the description of the seal recorded at the time it was pre-

20
sented to the Constitutional Convention adopting it, nor afterwards; at
least no record of it can be found, yet members of that convention who
have been questioned agree as to the foregoing being the accepted render
ing at the time of its adoption, and some of the very best authorities who
have been personally consulted give the same translation. It is there
fore deemed to be correct. Detroit, June 24th, 1835.
To the Secretary of the Territory of Michigan :
In conformity with the following clause in the Constitution, adopted
by the convention now in session, I transmit you the within description
and accompanying device for deposit in your office, hereby certifying
that they are the papers to which reference is made in said clause, viz. :
"A great seal for the State shall be provided by the Governor, which
shall contain the device and inscriptions represented and described in
the papers relating thereto, signed by the President of the Convention
and deposited in the office of the Secretary of the Territory."
John Biddle,
President of the Convention.

21

PRESENTATION OF REGIMENTAL COLORS TO THE
STATE OF MICHIGAN, JULY FOURTH, 1866
When the war had ended, the regiments returning delivered to the
State their colors, not one dishonored, neither blot or stain on their
escutcheon, but all distinguished and glorious, bearing record of many
battles. A prophecy was generally advanced early in the war, and even up to
its close, that idleness, debauchery, and crime would characterize the
release from military restraint, and the return to the State of so many
men who had been exposed to a service, judging from the results in
other armies, likely to engender irregular, improvident, and dissolute
habits leading to a lawless course of conduct, tending to the most de
plorable consequences.
Alas for the prophets ! Their sayings were but the idle babblings of
the most distrustful of humanity. By years of experience since their
return their theory has been completely refuted by a practice of honesty,
virtue and thrift, most commendable, comparing favorably with our
citizens generally, while many of them have filled the highest places in
the administration of the State, and in the ordinary avocations in life.
General Order No. 94, issued by the War Department, May 15th, 1865,
directed that the volunteer regiments returning to their respective states
for final discharge, should deposit the regimental colors with the Chief
Mustering Officer, to be held by him subject to the order of the Adju
tant General of the army.
Under date of June 13th, 1865, the War Department authorized the
Chief Mustering Officer of this State, to turn over to the Governor, at
his request, all the regimental colors of Michigan regiments then in his
charge, or that might thereafter come into his possession under the provi
sion of the order referred to.
Extract from the letter of Major John H. Knight, U. S. Army, ac
companying the delivery of the flags: "Office Chief Mustering Officer,
Detroit, Mich, June 19th, 1866.
Brigadier General John Robertson, Adjutant General State of Michigan,
Detroit, Mich.:
General — All the regiments sent from the State of Michigan to put
down the rebellion of the Southern States, having now been mustered
out of service, paid off, and disbanded, the time has arrived when I
should, in compliance with orders from the War Department, deliver to
the Governor of the State, the flags turned over to me by the officers of
the disbanded regiments.
I have the honor this day to deliver to you (you being at the head
of the State Military Bureau, and its chief officer), all of them in my
possession. 4

22
Please find a list of the flags enclosed. In turning them over to you
I am sensibly reminded that they are the flags under which so many
brave and successful deeds have been performed — so many valuable lives
given up in the cause of the Union and republican liberty, and such bene
ficial results obtained.

By depositing these flags in the archives of each state, the author
ities of the Government have placed therein a monument in memory of
its glories which will be most cherished, and whenever beheld by the
people will far surpass, in the feeling of veneration which they will call
forth, all the pillars of marble or granite which human genius could
build. It will be remembered that they have passed through the scenes of
strife, and that they have been carried by the hands of the brave men
themselves, who fought and died for our national liberties; it wiU be
seen that on them is inscribed the names of the battles passed through,
where the fate of liberty was staked and decided; and with what feel
ings of reverence will these strips of bunting be looked upon by the
father, mother, brother, or sister, whose son or brother marched to vic
tory or glorious death under their folds. Whilst all patriots on viewing
these battle flags will remember and mourn the loss of life and regret
the vast expenditures which have been made to preserve our liberties,
yet all will rejoice over the glorious results which have been achieved.
Permit me t* congratulate, through you, the people of Michigan, for
the brilliant and conspicuous part performed by Michigan regiments
in the late war for the Union. I believe there is no blot upon their rec
ord, but all is bright, conspicuous, and glorious, while an extraordinary
number of personal distinctions shine upon the pages."
Next of interest to the men who upheld and defended them in the
field, are the colors themselves. They are, aside from that, indelibly
stamped on the hearts of the people, the most forcible mementoes of the
gallant regiments that so heroically stood by them and the country, even
in the darkest days of the war. They were as little specks in the long
Unes of the great American armies, yet they were often watched in the
advancing columns with intense anxiety, but with strong confidence and
hope by the greatest generals of the land. To bear them aloft was the
signal for rebel buUets, often bringing swift and certain death, but they
were never trailed in the dust nor lacked a gallant bearer.
On the Fourth of July, 1866, those colors were formally presented in
Detroit, through the Governor, to the State, and were deposited in its
archives to be sacredly kept and carefully preserved.
The setting apart of the National birthday for the purpose was most
appropriate. Its hallowed memories reminded the people of the gal
lant struggle of their forefathers in establishing the government, in the
maintenance of which so many present had followed their flags to glor
ious victory.
The congregated emblems of National and State prowess, and of regi
mental bravery and fraternal associations there presented, revived in
the mind of every soldier recoUections of great and gallant deeds, of

23
days and nights frought with anxiety, doubt, danger, and death, of sac
rifices to patriotism, of hairbreadth escapes, of attacks, of repulses, of
sad defeats, of glorious victories, of long and weary marches, of hunger,
thirst and cold, and of sorrow and sadness for fallen comrades; but all
looked upon them with reverential pride, and recognized them as hav
ing been their guiding star in many brilliant but sanguinary conflicts,
having them in the victorious charge of the assaulting column, and from
them receive silent directions when all orders were lost in the din and
confusion of contending armies, and under their tattered but glorious
stars and stripes, battled long and bravely for the right.
The procession was under the direction of General James E. Pittman,
who at the time was Inspector General of the State, and who was se
lected and appointed by the Governor, as Chief Marshal of the day.
For the presentation of the colors in behalf of the regiments. Major
General O. B. Willcox was in like manner chosen, being the first Colonel
who left the State for the field with a Michigan regiment. The return
troops were commanded by Brevet Brigadier General WiUiam L. Stough-
ton, the ranking Colonel then in the State, amongst those who belonged
to their regiments at the time of the muster out of their respective or
ganizations. The divisions were organized as foUows, and the regiments took posi
tion in them in the foUowing order:
First Division — Brevet Maj. Gen. R. H. G. Minty, Commanding.
1st Regiment Engineers and Mechanics.
1st, 2d, 3d, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, and 11th Regiments
Cavalry. Companies H, I and L, Merrill Horse.
1st Eegiment of Light ArtiUery— Batteries A, B, C, D, E, P, G, H, I,
K, L, M, and 13th and 14th Batteries Light Artillery.
1st Regiment Sharp- Shooters.
Companies C, I and K, 1st U. S. Sharp-Shooters.
Company B, 2d U. S. Sharp-Shooters.
Michigan Companies that serve as such in regiments of other states.
Soldiers belonging to this State who served in regiments of other
states, not in Michigan companies.
Michigan soldiers and sailors who served in the regular army and
navy. Second Division — Brevet Maj. Gen. H. A. Morrow, Commanding.
1st (3 months), 1st (3 years), 2d, 3d, 3d (reorganized), 4th, 4th (re
organized), 5th, 6th (Heavy Artillery), 7th, 8th, 9th, and 10th Regi
ment Infantry.
Third Division — Brevet Brig. Gen. O. L. Spaulding, Commanding.
11th, 11th (reorganized), 12th, 13th, 14th, 15th, 16th, 17th, 18th, 19th,
and 20th Regiments Infantry.
Fourth Division — Brevet Brig. Gen. Heber Le Favour Commanding.
21st, 22d, 23d, 24th, 25th, 26th, 27th, 28th, 29th, and 30th Regiments
Infantry 1st Eegiment (102d U. S.), Michigan Colored Troops.

24
"I saw the soldiers come today
From battlefields afar;
No conqueror rode before their way
On his triumphal car;
But Captains, like themselves, on foot.
And banners sadly torn,
AU grandly eloquent, though mute.
In pride and glory borne."
These divisions, composed of the veterans of the respective regiments,
carrying their old colors, presented the finest appearance possible. It
was remarkable with what pride each color-bearer held aloft the banner
under which he had served, and with what elasticity of step and erect
bearing the whole marched to the strains of the martial music, to which
they had been so long accustomed.
The State authorities were cheerfully aided and liberally sustained by
the citizens of Detroit, and the affair was honored by magnificent cele
bration and participated in by the most numerous assembly of people
from all parts of the State ever congregated within its borders.
The invitation extended by the Governor to the soldiers was well re
sponded to, and they rallied in great numbers under their old banners
as in time past, presenting them to the State, as follows :
First Infantry (3 months), one; 1st Infantry (3 years), seven; 2d
Infantry, two; 3d Infantry (reorganized), two; 4th Infantry (re
organized), one; 5th Infantry, five; 6th Heavy Artillery, two; 7th In
fantry, one; 8th Infantry, four; 9th Infantry, three; 10th Infantry, two;
11th Infantry, one; 11th Infantry (reorganized), two; 12th Infantry,
four ; 13th Infantry, four ; 14th Infantry, four ; 15th Infantry, four ; 16th
Infantry, four; 17th Infantry, four; 18th Infantry, two; 19th Infantry,
one ; 20th Infantry, two ; 21st Infantry, four ; 22d Infantry, two ; 23d In
fantry, two; 24th Infantry, seven; 25th Infantry, two; 26th Infantry,
five; 27th Infantry, five; 28th Infantry, two; 29th Infantry, two; 30th
Infantry, two; 1st Engineers and Mechanics, four; 1st Sharp-Shooters,
one; 1st Cavalry, two; 3d Cavalry, one; 4th Cavalry, one; 5th Cavalry,
one; 6th Cavalry, one; 7th Cavalry, three; 8th Cavalry, one; 9th Cav
alry, one; 10th Cavalry, one; 11th Cavalry, one; Battery B, one; Bat
tery E, one; Battery F, one; Battery H, two; Battery I, one; Battery
K, two; 14th Battery, one; 1st Colored Infantry (103d U. S.), three.
These flags bear the National and State emblems, and are the cher
ished and venerated mementoes of great public services rendered by the
soldiers of the State to the Republic, and of regimental bravery.
Around them will cluster hallowed memories of State pride, of Na
tional grandeur and prowess, of individual heroism and patriotism, of
fallen comrades, and family bereavements.
"Those banners soiled with dust and smoke.
And rent by shot and shell
That through the serried phalanx broke
What terrors could they tell!

25
What tales of sudden pain and death —
In every cannon's boom —
When e'en the bravest held his breath.
And waited for his doom."
At the close of the procession, which was one of the finest and most in
teresting displays ever witnessed in Michigan, the veterans were massed
in front of the Speaker's stand, on the Campus Martins, and delivered
their flags to the Governor, when, after a prayer by Bishop S. A. Mc-
Coskry, appropriate addresses were made, from which the following ex
tracts are taken :
Welcoming Address of Mayor M. I. Mills.

"You have permitted no rebel hand to tear them from your grasp, and
bear them trophies to the foes of our Union. But, with Spartan fidelity,
true to the trust confided, you have returned them home again, now to be
placed in the archives of the State, there to remain mournful relics and
mementoes of our cruel and bloody strife, a warning to all; and we
have yet to learn that our State, or a single Michigan flag, has ever been
dishonored upon the battle field. You have now forsaken the tented
fields for the peaceful pursuits of citizen life. You now rest from your
dangers and your toil. You have proud consciousness of knowing that
you are among the defenders and preservers of our Union. You have the
satisfaction of again seeing the old flag, the flag of our fathers wave de
fiantly and triumphantly over every foot of our national domain. Your
prowess and your victories have rejoiced every patriot heart in the land.
A Nation's gratitude is yours. The orphans of your brave comrades are
entitled to your paternal care. They must be ranked as children of the
State. Amid our happiness and our rejoicings upon this glorious anni
versary of our country we cannot forget that our countrymen — our err
ing and misguided countrymen of the South, are still smarting under the
blow that justice and patriotism compelled you to inflict. Shall we not
show to the penitent that we are as magnanimous in peace as we have
been irresistible in war? Shall we not imitate the examples of your
most illustrious generals. Grant and Sherman, that brave men do not
trample upon the fallen foe? Shall we ignore the meek and lowly, teach
ings of Him who died upon the cross ! God forbid !"
Presentation address of General O. B. Willcox.

"Of all these flags there is scarcely one which has not waved in the
thickest of the fight ; scarcely a color which has not seen its heroic hear
ers one after another struck down in battle. Ah yes ! many a hand that

26
vigorously grasped these flagstaffs and led the van now lies crumbling in
the grave; and not color-bearers alone, but nearly 15,000 others who
fought beside them — the flower of Michigan return not to receive your
thanks and the plaudits of their grateful countrymen. They walk the
earth no more in the flesh, but their fame survives, and their glorified
forms bend above us now and, with hands unseen, deck these colors with
invisible garlands. While we have souls to remember, let their mem
ories be cherished. Let a monument be erected to them — at once worthy
of their deeds and worthy of the State ; let their widows and orphans be
cared for; and never let us forget the cause for which they fell; a war
not for ambition, not for a dynasty or a party — no, let party spirit be
hushed in their majestic presence — not to establish or defend a throne,
neither for spoils, oppression nor any other unworthy object, but sim
ply for the Union, and as soon as may be, let the ancient foundations of
the Constitution be restored with only the crumbling stone of slavery
left out, and with liberty guaranteed to all.
I have seen the finger of Providence through the thick smoke of bat
tle, and now that the dark curtain is lifted, and the sun of victory
break through in meridian splendor, I have more confidence than ever
in our destiny. We thank God that we have returned to our homes vic
torious. If you, the Governor and the People of the State of Michigan,
are satisfied with the manner with which we have performed our part,
we are grateful for your applause. We have tried to do our duty, and we
have done no more than that duty which every citizen owes to a free and
fraternal government, and in the peaceful walks of civil life we shall
endeavor to set an example of peace, moderation and submission to the
laws. It only now remains for me, in the name of the Michigan soldiers,
to surrender to the State these flags, tattered but not stained, emblems
of a war that is past. We shall ever retain our pride in their glorious
associations, as well as our love for the old Peninsular State."
Eeception Speech of Governor Henry H. Crapo.

"I receive, in behalf of the people of Michigan, these honorable mem
orials of your valor and the Nation's glory; and on their part, I once
more thank you for the noble services you have rendered in defending
and preserving the life of the Nation, at the hazard of your own, and at
the sacrifice of so many of your comrades. I may venture to give you
the assurance that you have the unbounded gratitude and love of your
fellow citizens; and that between you and them the glory of these de
faced old flags will ever be a subject of inspiration — a common bond of
affection. To you they represent a nationality which you have periled
your lives to maintain; and are emblematic of a liberty which your
strong arms and stout hearts have helped to win. To us they are our
father's flags — the ensigns of the worthy dead — ^your comrades, our rel
atives and friends — who for their preservation have given their blood
to enrich the battle-fields, and their agonies to hallow the prison pens of
a demoniac enemy. They are your flags and ours. How rich the treas
ure ! They will not be forgotten and their histories left unwritten.

27
Their stories will be as household words; and the minds of those who
come after us will dwell upon the thoughts of manly endeavor, of
staunch endurance, of illustrious achievements, which their silent
eloquence will ever suggest. They will ever typify the grand results
accomplished by the loyal men of tie Nation in this great rebellion ; and
should the flame of patriotism ever wane upon our altar stone, the halo
from these mementoes will kindle again the ancient fire that electrified
the world.
Let us, then, tenderly deposit them, as sacred relics, in the archives of
our State, there to stand forever, her proudest possession a revered in
centive to liberty and to patriotism, and a constant rebuke and terror to
oppression and treason."

The ceremony concluded with a benediction by the Eev. Dr. George
Duffleld, when the veterans marched to the depot of the Michigan Cen
tral railroad, where they partook of a substantial repast, prepared for
them by the citizens, and where they were waited upon at tables by
ladies and gentlemen of the city.
Those old flags, fluttering proudly in the breeze, bearing the mark of
many bullets, and the record of many battles, under which friends have
fought and loved ones fallen, strengthened the people in their love of
country, and made them firmer in their faith of the lasting union of the
Eepublic. They were gladdened in heart at the presence of the veterans
of the army of Michigan. Yet, alas! their joy was mixed with sorrow.
Fourteen thousand and over of that army had joined the "legion of the
dead;" they had fallen under the flag on many battle fields. Most of
them, in a spirit of humanity and veneration, have been gathered by
kindly hands into the beautiful cemeteries, provided by a beneficent gov
ernment, and now sleep in their windowless palaces of rest, where they
will lie in peace until the last reveille; but some of them yet lie where
their comrades left them, by the wayside, on the sunny brows of many
hills, in the dense forests, in the valleys, and under the orange and palm
trees, on the banks of rivers, under the deep, dark waters, and on the
sea beach, where the restless waves forever chant their requiem. But
they lie under the flag they defended and made stainless, and in the
land they saved and made free.
"Thank God ! there beams o'er land and sea
Our blazing star of victory;
And everywhere, from main to main
The 'Old Flag' flies and rules again."

28

THE AMEEICAN FLAG
A thoughtful mind, when it sees a nation's flag, sees not the flag only,
but the nation itself; and whatever may he its symbols, its insignia, he
reads chiefly in the flag of the government, the principles, the truth, the
history, which belong to the nation that sets it forth.
When the French tricolor rolls out to the wind, we see France. When
the new-found Italian flag is unfurled, we see resurrected Italy. When
the other three-cornered Hungarian flag shall be lifted to the wind, we
shall see in it the long-buried but never dead principles of Hungarian
liberty. When the united crosses of St. Andrew and St. George on a
fiery ground set forth the banner of Old England, we see not the cloth
merely; there rises up before the mind the noble aspect of that mon
archy, which, more than any other on the globe, has advanced its ban
ner for liberty, law, and national prosperity.
This nation has a banner too; and wherever it streamed abroad, men
saw daybreak bursting on their eyes, for the American flag has been the
symbol of liberty, and men rejoiced in it. Not another flag on the globe
had such an errand, or went forth upon the sea, carrying everywhere, the
glorious tidings.
The stars upon it were to the pining nations like the morning stars of
God, and the stripes upon it were beams of morning light.
As at early dawn the stars stand first, and then it grows light, and
then as the sun advances, that light breaks into banks and streaming
Unes of color, the glowing red and intense white striving together and
ribbing the horizon with bars effulgent, so on the American flag, stars
and beams of many-colored light shine together. And wherever the flag
comes, and men behold it, they see in its sacred emblazonry no rampant
lion and fierce eagle, but only LIGHT, and every fold significant of
liberty. The history of this banner is all on one side. Under it rode Washing
ton and his armies ; before it Burgoyne laid down his arms. It waved on
the highlands at West Point ; it floated over old Fort Montgomery. When
Arnold would have surrendered those valuable fortresses and precious
legacies, his night was turned into day, and his treachery was driven
away, by the beams of light from this starry banner.
It cheered our army, driven from New York, in their solitary pilgrim
age through New Jersey. It streamed in light over Valley Forge and Mor-
ristown. It crossed the waters rolling with ice at Trenton; and when
its stars gleamed in the cold morning with victory, a new day of hope
dawned on the despondency of the nation. And when at length, the long
years of war were drawing to a close, underneath the folds of this im
mortal banner sat Washington while Yorktown surrendered its hosts,
and our Eevolutionary struggles ended with victory.
Let us then twine each thread of the glorious tissue of our country's
flag about our heart-strings; and looking upon our homes and catching
the spirit that breathes upon us from the battle-fields of our fathers, let
us resolve, come weal or woe, we will, in life and in death, now and for
ever, stand by the stars and stripes. They have been unfurled from the

29
snows of Canada to the plains of New Orleans, in the halls of the Monte-
zumas and amid the solitude of every sea ; and everywhere, as the lumin
ous symbol of resistless and beneficent power, they have led the brave
to victory and to glory. They have floated over our cradles; let it be
our prayer and our struggle that they shall float over our graves.
E. W. Beecher

APOSTEOPHE TO THE FLAG
The flag for which the heroes fought, for which they died, is the sym
bol of all we are, of all we hope to be.
It is the emblem of equal rights.
It means free hands, free lips, self-government, and the sovereignty of
the individual.
It means that this continent has been dedicated to freedom.
It means universal education — light for every mind, knowledge for
every child.
It means that the school house is the fortress of Liberty.
It means that it is the duty of every citizen to bear his share of the
public burden — ^to take part in the affairs of his town, his county, his
state, and his country.
It means that the ballot box is the Ark of the Covenant; that the
source of authority must not be poisoned.
It means the perpetual right of peaceful revolution. It means that
every citizen of the Eepublic — native or naturalized — must be protected;
at home, in every state — abroad, in every land, on every sea.
It means that all distinctions based on birth or blood have perished
from our laws; that our government shall stand between labor and cap
ital, between the weak and strong, between the individual and the cor
poration, between want and wealth, and give the guarantee of simple
justice to each and all.
It means that there shall be a legal remedy for every wrong.
It means national hospitality — ^that we must welcome to our shores
the exiles of the world, and that we may not drive them back. Some may
be deformed by labor, dwarfed by hunger, broken in spirit, victims of
tyranny and caste — in whose sad faces may be read the touching record
of a weary life ; and yet their children, bom of liberty and love, will be
symmetrical and fair, intelligent and free.
That flag is the emblem of a supreme will of a Nation's power. Be
neath its folds the weakest must be protected and the strongest must
obey. It shields and canopies alike the loftiest mansion and the rudest
hut. That flag was given to the air in the Revolution's darkest days. It
represents the sufferings of the past, the glories yet to be; and like the
bow of heaven it is the child of storm and sun. Rohert G. Ingersoll
Delivered Memorial Day, New York, 1882.

APOSTEOPHE TO THE FLAG
"When my eyes shall turn to behold, for the last time, the sun in
heaven may I not see him shining on the broken and dishonored frag
ments of a once glorious union; on states dissevered, discordant, bellig
erent; on a land rent with civil feuds, or drenched, it may be, in fra
ternal blood. Let their last feeble and lingering glance, rather behold
the gorgeous ensign of the republic, now known and honored throughout
the earth, still full high advanced, its arms and trophies streaming in
their original lustre, not a stripe erased or polluted, not a single star
obscured, bearing for its motto no such miserable interrogatory as What
is all this worth? nor those other words of delusion and folly. Liberty
first, and Union afterward, but everywhere spread all over in characters
of living light, blazing in all its ample folds, as they float over the sea,
and over the land, and in every wind under the whole heavens, that
other sentiment, dear to every true American heart, 'Liberty and Union,
Nov/ and Forever, One and Inseparable.' " Daniel Webster
(In Speech delivered in tJ. S. Senate
Jan. 26, 1830)

BEAUTIFUL SYMBOLIZATION OF THE FLAG
"There is the national flag! He must be cold, indeed, who can look
upon its folds rippling in the breeze without pride of country. If he be
in a foreign land, the flag is companionship, and country itself with all
its endearments. Who as he sees it can think of a state merely? Whose
eye once fastened upon its radiant trophies can fail to recognize the image
of the whole nation? It has been called 'a floating piece of poetry,'
and yet I know not if it have any intrinsic beauty beyond other ensigns.
Its highest beauty is what it symbolizes. It is because it represents aU
that all gaze at it with delight and reverence. It is a piece of bunting
lifted in the air ; but it speaks sublimely and every part has a voice. Its
stripes of alternate red and white proclaim the original union of thir
teen states to maintain the declaration of independence. Its stars, white
on a field of blue, proclaim that union of states, constituting our na
tional constellation which receives a new star with every new state. The
two together signify union, past and present. The very colors have a
language which was officially recognized by our fathers. White is for
purity; red for valor; blue for justice; and all together, bunting, stripes,
stars and colors, blazing in the sky, make the flag of our country, to be
cherished by all our hearts, to be upheld by all our hands." Charles Sumner

31

THE CALL OF THE FLAG
The strong colors and the glorious beauty of the American flag express
well the overwhelming fact of modern history — the evolution of the
American republic. Wlierever it may be, the flag is both attractive and
assertive. In the home the colors do not clash with other colors. If they
do not blend, neither do they repel. In the remotest distance the flag
may be seen above every other object and distinguished from every other
flag. The red and the white stripes standing for the original states, and
the silvery stars representing the Union, radiate and scintillate as far as
the eye can reach. Far or near, the American flag is true and sure,
brilliant and radiant, cordial and independent.
It is a modern flag. There are no myths or legends, no ruins or her
aldry, no armour or castles about it. It expresses the political inde
pendence of a plain people, the advance of a new nation, the self-con
scious power, the confident aspirations, and the universal good will of
popular government.
What has been said of the flag has largely been inspired by war. Souls
must be aflame to give out oratory and poetry. The flag has many times
been at the battle front. The sight of it has inspired many a boy to do
and die for his country. It was in the crucial campaign of the Eevolu
tion, that for the possession of New York, beginning at Fort Schuyler,
continuing at Oriskany, and ending with the surrender of Burgoyne's
entire army at Saratoga, that the flag was first given to the air in the
face of an enemy. In this state it began to gather the deep love of a free
people. That love has since grown deeper and yet deeper through the
hail and flame, the heroisms and deaths, of an hundred battles. It is sad
that war had to be, but for us there was no other way. Independence of
Britain could not come by arbitration. The Union could not be saved
by negotiation. Fighting is bad business, but there are times when it is
better than submission. The strength and courage of a people are the
guardians of their peace, of their freedom, and of their progress. The
perils, the sufferings, and the heroisms of the country have made the
literature of the flag.
But the flag of the American Union, now as never before, tells of toler
ation and of good will, of education and of industry. It has welcomed
millions from all nations of the world and it has held out the equal
chance to all who come under its folds. Every new star added to its
blue field has told of a new state, and every new state tells of more farms
cleared, more factories opened, more churches and schools set in motion,
and more laws and courts to regulate them all and to assure the equal
rights of everyone.
Out of the equal chance of freedom, out of the farms and forests and
mines, out of the majestic rivers and charming valleys and lofty moun
tains, and out of the bracing air that is fiUed with sunshine, mighty pub
lic works and marvelous institutions of culture have sprung. Eailways
and roadways, tunnels and acqueducts, newspapers and magazines,
theaters and art galleries, cathedrals and universities, have grown. They
are the products and the promoters of civilization and they give strength
and stateliness to the flag.

32
The American flag has looked down upon the writing of more consti
tutions and the making of more laws than any other flag in history. Some
of this law-making has been crude, and perhaps some of it has been mis
taken, but it has been both the necessary accompaniment and the stim
ulating cause of our wonderful national evolution.
As man does, so is he. All of these industrial, educational, religious,
and political doings have produced a new nation of keen, alert, sinewy,
and right-minded people who have power and know it. They have the
traits of a young nation. But they are lacking neither in introspection,
nor in imagination, nor in humor. More knowledge of other peoples
than their fathers had and increasing responsibilities are sobering and
steadying them. In their dealings with other peoples they intend to be
just, frank, magnanimous. Their political philosophy is only the logical
outworking of the Golden Eule. They have undoubting faith in democ
racy and would exemplify it in ways to commend and extend it.
The American flag expresses a glorious history, but it does not hark
hack to it overmuch. It looks forward more than backward. It calls
upon us to do for this generation and to regard all the generations that
will follow after. It knows that some time there will be five hundred or
a thousand millions of people in the United States instead of one hun
dred millions. It expects still greater public works and many more pub
lic conveniences. It sees better than any one of us does how hard it will
be for such self-governing people to hold what belongs to them in com
mon, and to manage their great enterprises without frauds and for the
good of all.
The people of the United States are not only the proprietors of great
natural possessions; they are inheritors of the natural rights of man,
fought for by their ancestors in the mother country, granted in the great
charters of English liberty, and established in the English common law.
They have added to this what seemed worth taking from other systems
of jurisprudence and from the manifold experiences of other lands; they
have proved their capacity to administer their inheritance, and to their
natural and political estates they have added the experiences of their
own successful and notable national career. The flag not only adjures
us to guard what we have in property and in law, but to train the chil
dren so that the men and women of the future may administer their in
heritance better than we have ours or than our fathers did theirs.
The flag does more than emblazon a momentous and glorious history;
it declares the purposes and heralds the ideals of the Eepublic; it ad
monishes us to uphold the inherent rights of all men ; it tells us to stq,nd
for international justice and conciliation ; and it encourages us to accept
the consequences without fear. It hails us to individual duties and the
cooperation which alone can maintain equality of rights and fulness of
opportunity in America. It insists that we set a compelling example
which will enlarge both security and freedom, both peace and prosperity,
in all parts of the world.
A flag of glowing splendor calls to a nation of infinite possibilities. It
calls upon the American people to conserve property, health, and
morals; to preach- the gospel of work and protect the accumulations of
thrift ; to open every kind of school to all manner of people ; and to spare
neither alertness nor force in keeping clean the springs of political action

33
and in punishing venality in public life. That is the call of the radiant
flag of the Union to the self-governing nation of the western world which
is being compounded out of all the nations and is creating a new man
ner of civilization out of all the civilizations of the earth.
Andrew 8. Draper
Commissioner of Education, New Yorl£.

EXTRACT FROM THE MAKING OF AN AMERICAN
I have told the story of the making of an American. There remains
to tell how I found out that he was made and finished at last. It was
when I went back to see my mother once more and, wandering about the
country of my childhood's memories, had come to the city of Elsinore.
There I fell ill of a fever and lay many weeks in the house of a friend
upon the shore of the beautiful Oeresund. One day when the fever had
left me they rolled my bed into a room overlooking the sea. The sun
light danced upon the waves, and the distant mountains of Sweden were
blue against the horizon. Ships passed under full sail up and down the
great waterway of the nations. But the sunshine and the peaceful day
bore no message to me. I lay moodily picking at the coverlet, sick and
discouraged and sore^-I hardly knew why myself. Until all at once
there sailed past, close inshore, a ship flying at the top the flag of free
dom, blown out on the breeze till every star in it shone bright and clear.
That moment I knew. Gone were illness, discouragement and gloom!
Forgotten weakness and suffering, the cautions of doctor and nurse. I
sat up in bed and shouted, laughed and cried by turns, waving my hand
kerchief to the flag out there. They thought I had lost my head, but I
told them no, thank God! I had found it, and my heart, too, at last. I
knew then it was my flag; that my children's home was mine, indeed;
that I also had become an American in truth. And I thanked God, and,
like upon the man sick of the palsy, arose from my bed and went home,
healed. Jacoi A. Biis

THE FLAG AND AMERICAN CITIZENSHIP
Whatever gentlemen may have imagined, so long as that proud em
blem of my country's liberties, with its stripes and its stars (pointing to
the Amei*ican flag over the portrait of Lafayette) shall wave in this hall
of American legislators so long shall it cast its sacred protection over
the personal rights of every American citizen. Sir, when you shall have
destroyed the pride of American character, you will have destroyed the
brightest jewel that heaven ever made. You will have drained the purest
and holiest drop which visits the heart of your sages in council, and your
heroes in the field. You will have annihilated the principle that must
sustain that emblem of the laation's glory, and elevate that emblem above
your own exalted seat. These massy columns, with yonder lofty dome.

34
shall sink into one crumbling ruin. Yes, sir, though corruption may
have done something, and luxury may have added her seductive powers
in endangering the perpetuity of our nation's fair fame, it is these privi
leges which still induce every American citizen to cling to the institu
tions of his country, and to look to the assembled representatives of his
native land as their best and only safeguard.
But sir, so long as that flag shall bear aloft its glittering stars — ^bear
ing them amidst the din of battle, and waving them triumphantly above
the storms of the ocean, so long, I trust, shall the rights of American
citizens be preserved -safe and unimpaired, and transmitted as a sacred
legacy from one generation to another, till discord shall wreck the
spheres, the grand march of time shall cease, and not one fragment of all
creation be left to chafe on the bosom of eternity's waves.
Samuel Houston (1793-1863.)
His defense at tlie bar of the House, delivered
May 7th, 1832, before the House of Repre
sentatives.

FLAG DAY PROCLAMATION
Every civilized nation symbolizes its governmental ideals. The story
of the origin and growth of the Stars and Stripes is the story of Ameri
can Patriotism. Patriotism constitutes the very soul of a republic. The
forty-eight stars represent our Union and the stripes symbolize the en
during attributes of this Union.
The great nations of the earth are now in deadly conflict. The
mothers and children survive to carry crushing burdens during their
natural lives and then succeeding generations must take up the task of
rebuilding their native countries. Until a few months ago we supposed
the nations of the earth knew something of democracy, something of the
arts of peace. Fifty years ago the United States concluded the Civil
War. Since that war the "stars and stripes" have a new meaning.
In our selfishness, we well nigh forgot from '61 to '65 the significance
of our flag. Today our flag means more to us, more to the world than
ever before. Even now we sometimes forget that abiding loyalty to our
flag means the right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness for every
man, woman and child in our glorious republic. This ideal we shall yet
realize. In realizing this ideal we shall awaken sister nations to cherish
the same ideal. Our flag demands the patriotism of peace. In our flag
we see the laughter of children, the joy of fathers and mothers, the prom
ise of peace and good will for all men.
It should be remembered that Old Glory becomes more and more pre
cious in proportion to the spirit of loyalty cherished by our citizens. We
know the awful cost of this flag, we know its protecting influence, we
know its message to all the peoples of the earth. Let it be carried in
time of war, and in time of peace consecrated to the ultimate reign of
human justice. Woodbridge N. Ferris Governor

35

THE FLAG TO ITS MAKERS
This morning, as I passed into the Land Office, the flag dropped me a
most cordial salutation, and from its rippling folds I heard it say:
"Good morning, Mr. Flag Maker!"
"I beg your pardon. Old Glory," I said, "you are mistaken. I am not
the President of the United States, nor the Vice-President, nor a member
of Congress, nor even a general in the army. I am only a Government
clerk." "I greet you again, Mr. Flag Maker," replied the gay voice. "I know
you well. You are the man who worked in the swelter of yesterday
straightening out the tangle of that farmer's homestead in Idaho."
"No, I am not," I was forced to confess.
"Well perhaps you are the one who discovered the mistake in that In
dian contract in Oklahoma."
"No, wrong again," I said.
"Well, you helped to clear that patent for the hopeful inventor in
New York, or pushed the opening of that new ditch in Colorado, or made
that mine in Illinois more safe, or brought relief to the old soldier in
Wyoming. No matter, whichever one of these beneficent individuals you
may happen to be, I give you greeting, Mr. Flag Maker."
I was about to pass on feeling that I was being mocked, when the flag
stopped me with these words:
"You know, the world knows, that yesterday the President spoke a
word that made happier the future of ten million peons in Mexico, but
that act looms no larger on the flag than the struggle which the boy in
Georgia is making to win the corn club prize this summer. Yesterday the
Congress spoke a word which will open the door of Alaska, but a mother
in Michigan worked from sunrise until far into the night to give her boy
an education. She, too, is making the flag. Yesterday we made a new
law to prevent financial panics ; yesterday, no doubt, a school teacher in
Ohio taught his first letters to a boy who will write a song that will give
cheer to the millions of our race. We are all making the flag."
"But," I said, impatiently, "these people were only working."
Then came a great shout from the flag.
"Let me tell you who I am. The work that we do is the making of the
real flag. I am not the flag, not at aU. I am but its shadow. I am what
ever you make me, nothing more. I am your belief in yourself, your
dream of whut a people may become. I live a changing life, a life of
moods and passions, of heart breaks and tired muscles. Sometimes I am
strong with pride, when men do an honest work, fitting the raUs together
truly. Sometimes I droop, for then purpose has gone from me, and
cynically I play the coward. Sometimes I am loud, garish, and full of
that ego that blasts judgment. But always I am all that you hope to be
and have the courage to try for. I am song and fear, struggle and panic,
and ennobling hope. I am the day's work of the weakest man, and the
largest dream of the most daring. I am the Constitution and the courts,
statutes and statute makers, soldier and Dreadnaught, drayman and
street sweep, cook, counselor and clerk. I am the battle of yesterday

36
and the mistake of tomorrow. I am the mystery of the men who do with
out knowing why. I am a clutch of an idea, and the reasoned purpose of
resolution. I am no more than what you believe me to be, and I am all
that you believe I can be. I am what you make me, nothing more. I
swing before your eyes as a bright gleam of color, a symbol of yourself,
the pictured suggestion of that big thing which makes this nation. My
stars and my stripes are your dreams and your labors. They are bright
with cheer, briUiant with courage, firm with faith, because you have
made them so out of your hearts, for you are the makers of the flag, and
it is well that you glory in the making." Franklin K. Lane
Secretary of the Interior

HARRISON AND THE FLAG
I was never so profoundly touched with the beauty of our flag than
at night time in one of our immense political demonstrations. One of
the features of the occasion was the sending upward of a mighty stream
of electric light, which, piercing the darkness of the night, reached a
large flag which had been carried upon cords a thousand feet from earth.
The scene was too impressive for me to describe. I can only say that it
did seem as though the flag of our country was waving from the very
battlements of heaven  God pity the American citizen who does not
love the flag; who does not see in it the story of our great, free institu
tions, and the hope of the home as well as the Nation. Benjamin Harrison

THE LANGUAGE OF THE FLAG
The Star Spangled Banner of Freedom was always beautiful but
never as beautiful as now. The very colors have a language known and
read of all men. The groundwork of the flag, as of the Union, is white
ness, white being the symbol of truthfulness, righteousness, and purity,
and drawn across that white face — white as an angel's wing — is the crim
son band which from creation's morning has symbolized all the courage
and self-sacrifice and open-veined manhood which can flow in wide red
streams from the gaping wounds of patriot and hero. And pressed close
upon that seamless robe of purity, and close beside the costly crimson
streams that flow like rivers of salvation over it, is blue, like the very
body of heaven for clearness, out of which shine the mysterious, death
less stars, lighting the night with cheerful fires. Ah, yes, the blue of
the ocean and of the sky is there, and on whatever coast, the deep blue
ocean beats, and over whatever people the peaceful firmament bends
down like God's own pity, the starry flag shall shed its triumphant, bene
ficent, celestial influence. The stars and all the powers of heaven are
there, and so surely as the stars in their courses fought against Sisera

37
in the olden time, so will they fight now for the flag which is the em
blem of righteousness and truth and freedom.
G. H. Gobern, D. D.
Chicago (1902.)

THE MARCH OF THE FLAG
In 1789 the flag of the republic waved over 4,000,000 souls in thirteen
states, and their savage territory, which stretched to the Mississippi, to
Canada, to the Floridas. The timid minds of that day said that no new
territory was needed, and, for the hour, they were right. But Jefferson,
through whose intellect the centuries marched; Jefferson, whose blood
was Saxon, but whose schooling was French, and therefore whose deeds
negatived his words; Jefferson, who dreamed of Cuba as a state of the
Union; Jefferson, the first imperialist of the republic — Jefferson ac
quired that imperial territory which swept from the Mississippi to the
mountains, from Texas to the British possessions, and the march of the
flag began!
The infidels to the gospel of liberty raved, but the flag swept on ! The
title to that noble land out of which. Oregon, Washington, Idaho, and
Montana have been carved was uncertain ; Jefferson, strict construction
ist of constitutional power though he was, obeyed the Anglo-Saxon im
pulse within him, whose watchword then and whose watchword through
out the world today is, "Forward," another empire was added to the
republic, and the march of the flag went on!
Those who deny the power of free institutions to expand urged every
argument, and more, that we hear today; but the people's judgment ap
proved the command of their blood, and the march of the flag went on !
A screen of land from New Orleans to Florida shut us from the gulf,
and over this and the Everglade Peninsula waved the saffron flag of
Spain. Andrew Jackson seized both, the American people stood at his
back, and, under Monroe the Floridas came under the dominion of the
republic, and the march of the flag went on !
The Cassandras prophesied every prophecy of despair we hear today,
but the march of the flag went on ! Then Texas responded to the bugle-
calls of liberty, and the march of the flag went on! And, at last we
waged war with Mexico, and the flag swept over the southwest, over
peerless California, past the Gate of Gold, to Oregon on the north, and
from ocean to ocean its folds of glory blazed.
And now, obeying the same voice that Jefferson heard and obeyed, that
Jackson heard and obeyed, that Monroe heard and obeyed, that Seward
heard and obeyed, that Ulysses S. Grant heard and obeyed, that Benja-
man Harrison heard and obeyed, William McKinley plants the flag over
the islands of the seas, outposts of commerce, citadels of national secur
ity, and the march of the flag goes on! Bryan, BaUey, Bland, and
Blackburn command it to stand still, but the march of the flag goes on !
And the question you will answer at the polls is, whether you stand
with this quartet of disbelief in the American people, or whether you
are marching onward with the flag! * » * * FeUow Americans,

38
we are God's chosen people. Yonder at Bunker Hill and Yorktown His
providence was above us. At New Orleans and on ensanguined seas His
hand sustained us. Abraham Lincoln was His minister and His was
the Altar of Freedom the boys in blue set on a hundred battle-fields. His
power directed Dewey in the East, and delivered the Spanish fleet into
our hands on the eve of Liberty's natal day, as He delivered the elder
Armada into the hands of our English sires two centuries ago. His
great purposes are revealed in the progress of the flag, which surpasses
the intentions of congresses and cabinets, and leads us like a holier
pillar of cloud by day and pillar of fire by night into situations unfore
seen by finite wisdom, and duties unexpected by the unprophetic heart
of selfishness. The American people cannot use a dishonest medium of
exchange ; it is ours to set the world its example of right and honor. We
cannot fly from our world duties ; it is ours to execute the purpose of a
fate that has driven us to be greater than our small intentions. We can
not retreat from any soil where Providence has unfurled our banner; it
is ours to save that soil for liberty and civUization. For liberty and
civilization and God's promise fulfilled, the flag must henceforth be the
symbol and the sign to all mankind — the flag! Albert J. Beveridge
Extract from a speech (The March of the Flag) de
livered at Indianapolis in 1898, relative to the
holding of the Philippine Islands by the U. S.

OUR COUNTRY'S FLAG
Mr. President, as I sink into silence behind the last gleaming of this
twilight hour, let me salute the colors that surround me — the flag of
our fathers — the flag of the Union, and now, please God, our flag forever.
I do not forget here that dear old flag of tender memories, consecrated
in heroic convictions and furled forever over an issue never to be re
opened. But the last happy duty of this happy hour is to lift my head and my
heart and my hand in loyalty to the standard that carries all the glory
of the present and all the hope and promise of the future. It is the
symbol of liberty, and wherever it streams men see daybreak bursting on
the world. "Not another flag in history," says a great American, "Has
such an errand or goes forth to carry such tidings on land and sea." The
stars upon it are to the pining nations like the stars of God, and the
stripes are beams of morning light. Wherever this flag flies and men be
hold it, they see in its sacred emblazonry no ramping lion, no shrieking
eagle, no embattled castles, no signals of despotism, no insignia of im
perial authority. It is the banner of dawn. It is the flag of the morn
ing, the emblem of peace, the signal of liberty, the unbought, unshamed,
unconquered, glorious, over-all-victorious, star-spangled flag of the free.
And as we behoW it streaming now — we who are veterans and the sons
of veterans — we who lost the cause that rose without shame and fell
without dishonor — with the blood pulsing in veins unclotted by a single
bitter memory, we may take it to our hearts and lift it above our heads,
and thank God that it waves at last above a reunited country, with its

39
white stripe of peace and its red stripe of kindred and the azure radiant
with stars which speak the Providence that makes us — now and forever
— one people in this great Eepublic of the free. J ohm, Tem/ple Gi~aves
(Extract from an anniversary speech delivered
at Augusta, Ga., July 4, 1898.)

THE STOEY OF THE FLAG
The "star spangled banner" became the national flag of the United
States of America on June 14, 1777, when the Continental congress as
sembled in Philadelphia, adopted it as the nation's official emblem.
The thirteen stars and thirteen stripes represented the thirteen or
iginal colonies. The stars on the first flag were arranged in a circle —
the circle signified eternity, and the stars unity. The stars also denote
the subordination of the states to the union — the broad red stripes rep
resenting the union.
The first national flag was made by Betsy Eoss.
The flag was first recognized by a foreign power when John Paul
Jones, commander of the "Eanger" carried it into foreign waters imme
diately after its adoption by congress.
The flag was first recognized on land when it was raised over Fort
Stanwix, N. Y., August 6, 1777.
In 1818 congress decreed that on the admission of each new state a
star should be added to the flag, and the number of stripes, then twenty,
to be reduced to thirteen.
New arrangement of the stars on the flag was made in 1912 and the
new flag was officially recognized on July 4, 1912.
There are now forty-eight states represented on the flag.
The design of the American flag is said to have been suggested by
George Washington's coat of arms — three stars and three stripes.

THE VOICE OF OUE FLAG
The national ensign, pure and simple, dearer to all our hearts at this
moment as we lift it to the gale and see no other sign of hope upon the
storm cloud which roUs and settles above it save that which is reflected
from its own radiant hues, dearer a thousand fold dearer to us all than
ever it was before while gilded by the sunshine of prosperity and playing
with the zephyrs of peace. It speaks for itself far more eloquently than
I can speak for it. Behold it ! Listen to it ! Everj' star has a tongue.
Every stripe is articulate. There is no language or speech where their
voices are not heard. There's magic in the web of it. It has an answer
for every question of duty. It has a solution for every doubt and every
perplexity. It has a word of good cheer for every hour of gloom or of
despondency. Behold it! Listen to it! It speaks of earlier and later
struggles. It speaks of heroes and patriots among the living and among

40
the dead. But before all and above all other associations and memories,
whether of glorious men, or glorious deeds, or glorious places, its voice
is ever of union and liberty, of the constitution and the laws. Behold
it ! Listen to it ! Let it tell the story of its birth to these gallant volun
teers as they march beneath its folds by- day, or repose beneath its
sentinel stars by night. Let it recall to them the strange eventful his
tory of its rise and progress. Let it rehearse to them the wonderous
tale of its trials and its triumphs in peace as well as in war.
Robert C. Winthrop, Oct. 3, 1861
In speech delivered on presentation of flag to
22nd Eegiment of Massachusetts Volunteers,
on Boston Commons, Oct. 3, 1861

WHAT THE FLAG MEANS
What American of all of us, can see our Starry Banner flutter out on
mast or tower, or in the street, without a sudden heart throb? Love,
pride, memory, exultation, mingle in one swift emotion, and yet we
seldom pause to think what "Old Glory" really means to us.
It means history — stained here and there with mistake and wrong, in
deed, but as a whole, wonderful and glorious. It means protection —
the right to live, to think, to aspire, to work in an atmosphere of the
most blessed freedom and safety our earth has ever known. It means
hope — hope and help for ourselves and for all the world.
Whatever the Nation is to achieve or to become in the future depends
upon its citizenship, and the mighty voice of the people is but the com
bined voice of individuals. What would you have your country to be
in honor, purity, high endeavor, and righteousness? Make one citizen
of that kind; that is the part given to you to do. Kate W. Hamilton
In Wellspring (Boston, 1901)

41

POETRY AND SONG
THE AMERICAN FLAG
When Freedom, from her mountain height,
Unfurled her standard to the air,
She tore the azure robe of night.
And set the stars of glory there!
She mingled with its gorgeous dyes
The milky baldric of the skies.
And striped its pure celestial white
With streakings of the morning light;
Then, from his mansion in the sun,
She called her eagle bearer down,
And gave into his mighty hand
The symbol of her chosen land!
Majestic monarch of the cloud!
Who rear'st aloft thy regal form.
To hear the tempest trumpings loud.
And see the lightning-lances driven,
When stride the warriors of the storm
And rolls the thunder-drum of heaven!
Child of the sun! To thee 'tis given
To guard the banner of the free,
To hover in the sulphur smoke.
To ward away the battle stroke.
And bid its blendings shine afar
Like rainbows on the cloud of war,
The harbingers of victory.
Flag of the brave! Thy folds shall fly.
The sign of hope and triumph high!
When speaks the signal trumpet tone
And the long line comes gleaning on
(Ere yet the life-blood warm and wet
Has dimmed the glistening bayonet,)
Each soldier eye shall brightly turn.
To where thy sky-born glories burn.
And, as his springing steps advance,
Catch war and vengeance from the glance.
And when the cannon mouthing cloud
Heaves in wild wreathes the battle shroud.
And gory sabres rise and fall,
Like shoots of flame on midnight's pall;
There shall thy meter-glances glow.
And cowering foes shall shrink beneath
Each gallant arm that strikes below
That lovely messenger of death.
Flag of the seas! On ocean wave
Thy stars shall glitter o'er the brave;
When death, careering on the gale.
Sweeps darkly round the bellied sail.
And frighted waves rush wildly back
Before the broadside's reeling rack.
Each dying wanderer of the sea
Shall look at once to heaven and thee,
And smile to see thy splendors fly
In triumph o'er his closing eye.

42

Flag of the free heart's hope and home.
By angel hands to valor given;
Thy stars have lit the welking dome
And all thy hues were born in heaven;
As fixed as yonder orb divine.
That saw thy bannered blaze unfurled,
Shall thy proud stars resplendent shine,
The guard and glory of the world. Joseph Rodman Drake
From Brander Matthews'
Poems of American Patriotism

THE BANNER OP THE STARS
Hurrah! boys, hurrah! fling our banner to the breeze!
Let the enemies of freedom see its folds again unfurled.
And down with the pirates that scorn upon the seas
Our victorious Yankee banner, sign of Freedom to the World !
Chortjs
We'll never have a new flag, for ours is the true flag.
The true flag, the true flag, the Red, White and Blue flag.
Hurrah! boys, hurrah! we will carry to the wars
The old flag, the free flag, the Banner of the Stars.
And what tho' its white shall be crimsoned with our blood?
And what tho' its stripes shall be shredded in the storms?
To the torn flag, the worn flag, we'll keep our promise good.
And we'll bear the starry blue field, with gallant hearts and arms.
Cho.
Then, cursed be he who would strike our Starry Flag!
May the God of Hosts be with us, as we smite the traitor down!
And cursed be he who would hesitate or lag
Till the dear flag, the fair flag, with Victory we crown.
Cho. R. W. Raymond
From Paget's Poems of American Patriotism

BALLAD OF FORT MOULTRIE
"We were stationed at Fort Moultrie, but about a mile away,
The battlements of Sumter stood proudly in the bay;
'Twas by far the best position, as he could not help but know
Our gallant Major Anderson just fifty years ago.
"Yes, 'twas just after Christmas, fifty years ago to-night
The sky was calm and cloudless, the moon was large and bright;
At six o'clock the drums beat to call us to parade
And not a man suspected the plan that had been laid.
"But the first thing a soldier learns is that he must obey,
And that when an order's given he has not a word to say;
So when told to man the boats, not a question did we ask,
But silently, yet eagerly, began our hurried task.

43
"We did a deal of work that night, though our numbers were but few,
We had all our stores to carry, and our ammunition too;
And the guard ship — -'twas the Nina — set to watch us in the bay,
Never dreamed what we were doing, though 'twas almost light as day.
"We spiked the guns we left behind, and cut the flagstaff down —
From its top should float no color, if it might not hold our own —
Then we sailed away for Sumter, as fast as we could go.
With our good Major Anderson, just fifty years ago.
"I never can forget boys, how the next day at noon.
The drums beat, and the band played a stirring martial tune;
And silently we gathered round the flagstaff strong and high.
Forever pointing upward to God's temple in the sky.
"Our noble Major Anderson was good as he was brave.
And he knew without His blessing no banner long could wave.
So he knelt, with head uncovered, while the chaplain read the prayer.
And as the last amen was said, the flag rose high in air.
"Then our loud huzzas rung out, far and widely o'er the sea!
We shouted for the stars and stripes, the standard of the free!
Every eye was fixed upon it, every heart beat warm and fast,
As with eager lips we promised to defend it to the last!
"'Twas a sight to he remembered boys — the chaplain with his book.
Our leader humbly kneeling, with his calm undaunted look;
And the officers and men, crushing tears they would not shed.
And the blue sea all around us, and the blue sky overhead!"
Mrs. Julia Caroline Ripley Dorr

THE BATTLE CRY OF FREEDOM.
Yes, we'll rally round the flag, boys, we'll rally once again.
Shouting the battle-cry of freedom.
We will rally from the hillside, we'll gather from the plain.
Shouting the battle-cry of freedom.
Chorus —
The Union forever, Hurrah! boys Hurrah!
Down with the traitors, up with the stars.
While we rally round the flag, boys, rally once again.
Shouting the battle-cry of freedom.
We are springing to the call of our brothers gone before.
Shouting the battle-cry of freedom.
And we'll fill the vacant ranks with a million freemen more,
Shouting the battle-cry of freedom. — Cho.
We will welcome to our numbers the loyal, true and brave,
Shouting the battle-cry of freedom.
And altho' they may be poor, not a man shall be a slave.
Shouting the battle-cry of freedom. — Cho.
So we're springing to the call from the East and from the West
Shouting the battle cry of freedom.
And we'll hurl the rebel crew from the land we love the best.
Shouting the battle-cry of freedom. From Bggleston's American War Ballads

44

BARBARA FRIBTCHIE
Up from the meadows rich with corn,
Clear in the cool September morn.
The clustered spires of Frederick stand
Green-walled by the hills of Maryland.
Round about them the orchards sweep,
Apple and peach tree fruited deep,
Fair as a garden of the Lord
To the eyes of the famished rebel horde.
On that pleasant morn of the early fall.
When Lee marched over the mountain wall,-
Over the mountains winding down.
Horse and foot, into Frederick town.
Forty flags with their silver stars,
Forty flags with their crimson bars,
Flapped in the morning wind: the sun
Of noon looked down, and saw not one.
Up rose old Barbara Frietchie then
Bowed with her fourscore years and ten;
Bravest of all in Frederick town.
She took up the flag the men hauled down;
In her attic window the staff she set
To show that one heart was loyal yet.
Up the street came the rebel tread,
Stonewall Jackson riding ahead.
Under his slouched hat left and right
He glanced; the old flag met his sight.
"Halt!" — the dust brown ranks stood fast.
"Fire!" — out blazed the rifle blast.
It shivered the window, pane and sash;
It rent the banner with seam and gash.
Quick, as it fell, from the broken staff
Dame Barbara snatched the silken scarf;
She leaned far out on the window-sill.
And shook it forth with a royal will.
"Shoot, if you must, this old gray head.
But spare your country's flag," she said.
A shade of sadness, a blush of shame.
Over the face of the leader came;
The nobler nature within him stirred
To life at that woman's deed and word;

45
"Who touches a hair of yon gray head
Dies like a dog! March on!" he said.
All day long through Frederick street
Sounded the tread of marching feet:
All day long that free flag tost
Over the heads of the rebel host.
Ever its torn folds rose and fell
On the loyal winds that loved it well ;
And through the hill-gaps sunset light
Shone over it with a warm good-night.
Barbara Frietchie's work is o'er,
And the Rebel rides on his raids no more.
Honor to her! and let a tear
Fall, for her sake, on Stonewall's bier.
Over Barbara Frietchie's grave.
Flag of Freedom and Union, wave!
Peace and order and beauty draw
Round thy symbol of light and law;
And ever the stars above look down
On thy stars below in Frederick town! John Oreenleaf Whittier.

THE FLAG
Here comes The Flag.
Hail it!
Who dares to drag
Or trail it?
Give it hurrahs, —
Three for the stars
Three for the bars.
Uncover your head to it!
The soldiers who tread to it
Shout at the sight of it.
The justice and right of it,
The unsullied white of it.
The blue and the red of it,
And tyranny's dread of it!
Here comes The Flag!
Cheer it!
Valley and crag
Shall hear it.
Fathers shall bless it.
Children caress it.
All shall maintain it.
No one shall stain it.
Cheers for the sailors that fought on the wave for it,
Cheers for the soldiers that always were brave for it.
Tears for the men that went down to the grave for it.
Here comes the Flag! Arthur Macey

46

COLUMBIA, THE GEM OF THE OCEAN
O, Columbia, the gem of the ocean.
The home of the brave and the free;
The shrine of each patriot's devotion
A world offers homage to thee.
Thy mandates make heroes assemble
When Liberty's form stands in view.
Thy banners make tyranny tremble
When borne by the red, white and blue.
When war winged its wide desolation.
And threatened the land to deform.
The ark then of freedom's foundation,
Columbia, rode safe through the storm;
With her garlands of victory around her.
When so proudly she bore her brave crew.
With her flag proudly floating before her.
The boast of the red, white and blue.
The wine cup, the wine cup bring hither
And fill you it true to the brim.
May the wreaths they have won never wither.
Nor the star of their glory grow dim.
May the service united ne'er sever
But they to their colors prove true.
The army and navy forever.
Three cheers for the red, white and blue. David T. Shaw

THE FLAG
There's a flag hangs over my threshold, whose folds are more dear to me
Than the blood that thrills in my bosom its earnest of liberty;
And dear are the stars it harbors in its sunny field of blue
As the hope of a further heaven, that lights all our dim lives through.
But now should my guests be merry, the house is in holiday guise,
Looking out through its burnished windows like a score of welcoming eyes.
Come hither, my brothers, who wander in saintliness or in sin;
Come hither, ye pilgrims of Nature, my heart doth invite you in.
My wine is not of the choicest, yet bears it an honest brand;
And the bread that I bid you lighten, I break with no sparing hand:
But pause, ere ye pass to taste it, one act must accomplished be, —
Salute the flag in its virtue, before ye sit down with me.
The flag of our stately battles, not struggles of wrath and greed.
Its stripes were a holy lesson, its spangles a deathless creed :
'Twas red with the blood of freemen, and white with the fear of the foe;
And the stars that fight in their courses 'gainst tyrants its symbols know.
Come hither, thou son of my mother ; we were reared in the self-same arms ;
Thou hast many a pleasant gesture, thy mind hath its gifts and charms;
But my heart is as stern to question as mine eyes are of sorrow full:
Salute the flag in its virtue, or pass on where others rule!
Thou lord of a thousand acres, with heaps of uncounted gold,
The steeds of thy stall are haughty, thy lackeys cunning and bold:
I envy no jot of thy splendor, I rail at thy follies none,—
Salute the flag in its virtue before ye sit down with me.

47
Fair lady with silken flouncings, high waving thy stainless plume.
We welcome thee to our banquet, a flower of costliest bloom.
Let an hundred maids live widowed to furnish thy bridal bed;
But pause where the flag doth question, and bend thy triumphant head.
Take down now your flaunting banner ; for a scout comes breathless and pale.
With the terror of death upon him; of failure is all his tale:
"They have fled while the flag waved o'er them, they've turned to the foe
their backs;
They are scattered, pursued, and slaughtered; the fields are all rout and
wrack."
Pass hence then, the friends I gathered, a goodly company.
All ye that have manhood in you, go, perish for Liberty!
But I and the babes God gave me will wait with uplifted hearts.
With the flrm smile ready to kindle, and the will to perform our parts.
When the last true heart lies bloodless, when the fierce and the false have won,
I'll press in turn to my bosom each daughter and either son:
Bid them loose the flag from its bearings, and we'll lay us down to rest
With the glory of home about us, and its freedom locked in our breast.
Julia Ward Howe
BETSY'S BATTLE FLAG
From dusk till dawn the livelong night
She kept the tallow dips alight.
And fast her nimble fingers flew
To sew the stars upon the blue.
With weary eyes and aching head
She stitched the stripes of white and red.
And when the day came up the stair
Complete across a carven chair
Hung Betsy's battle flag.
Like shadows in the evening gray
The Continentals flled away.
With broken boots and ragged coats
But hoarse deflance in their throats;
They bore the marks of want and cold.
And some were lame and some were old.
And some with wounds untended bled.
But floating bravely overhead
Was Betsy's battle flag.
When fell the battle's leaden rain,
The soldier hushed his moans of pain
And raised his dying head to see
King George's troopers turn and flee.
Their charging column reeled and broke,
And vanished in the rolling smoke,
Before the glory of the stars.
The snowy stripes, and scarlet bars
Of Betsy's battle flag.
The simple stone of Betsy Ross
Is covered now with mold and moss.
But still her deathless banner flies.
And keeps the color of the skies.
A nation thrills, a nation bleeds,
A nation follows where it leads.
And every man is proud to yield
His life upon a crimson field
For Betsy's battle flag! Minna Irving
From Ford's Every Day in the Year

48
THE AMERICAN FLAG
Flag of my country! in thy folds
Are wrapped the treasures of the heart;
Where'er that waving sheet is fanned
By breezes of the sea or land.
It bids the life-blood start.
It is not that among those stars
The fiery crest of Mars shines out;
It is not that on battle-plain,
'Mid heaps of harnessed warriors slain,
It flaps triumphant o'er the rout.
Short-lived the joy that conquest yields;
Flushed victory is bathed in tears;
The burden of that bloody fame
Which shouting myriads proclaim
Sounds sad to widowed ears.
Thou hast a deeper, stronger hold.
Flag of my country! on the heart.
Than when o'er mustered hosts unfurled.
Thou art a signal to the world,
At which the nations start.
Thou art a symbol of the power
Whose sheltering wings our homes surround;
Guarded by thee was childhood's morn.
And where thy cheering folds are borne.
Order and Peace are found.
Flag of our mighty Union, hail!
Blessings abound where thou dost float;
Best robe for living Freedom's form.
Fit pall to spread upon her tomb.
Should Heaven to death devote.
Wave over us in glory still.
And be our guardian as now!
Each wind of heaven salute thy streaks!
And withered be the arm that seeks
To bring that banner low! William Parsons hunt

"GOD BLESS OUR STARS FOREVER!"
"God bless our stars forever!"
'Tis the burden of the song.
Where the sail through hollow midnight
Is flickering along;
When a ribbon of blue heaven
Is gleaming through the clouds.
With a star or two upon it.
For the sailor in the shrouds.
"God bless our stars forever!"
It is Liberty's refrain.
From the snows of wild Nevada
To the sounding woods of Maine;
Where the green Multnomah wanders,
Where the Alabama rests.
Where the Thunder shakes his turban
Over Allegheny's crests.

49
Where the mountains of New England
Mock Atlantic's stormy main,
Where God's palm imprints the Prairie
With the type of Heaven again, —
Where the mirrored morn is dawning.
Link to link, our lakes along.
And Sacramento's Golden Gate
Swing open to the song —
There and there! "Our stars forever!"
How It echoes! How it thrills!
Blot that banner? Why, they bore it
When no sunset bathed the hills.
Now o'er Bunker see it billow.
Now at Bennington it waves,
Ticonderoga swells beneath,
And Saratoga's graves!
Oh! long ago at Lexington,
And above those minute-men,
The "Old Thirteen" were blazing bright —
There were only thirteen then!
God's OWN stars are gleaming through it, —
Stars not woven in its thread,
Unfurl it, and that flag will glitter
With the heaven over head.
When the weary years are halting.
In the mighty march of Time,
And no new ones throng the threshold
Of its corridors sublime;
When the clarion c^U, "Close up!"
Rings along the line no more.
Then adieu, thou blessed Banner,
Then adieu, and not before! Ben). T. Taylor
From Fallow's Story of the American Flag

FREEDOM'S STANDARD
God bless our star-gemmed banner;
Shake its folds out to the breeze;
From church, from fort, from housetop.
Over the city, on the seas;
The die is cast, the storm at last
Has broken in its might;
Unfurl the starry banner.
And may God defend the right.
Then bless our banner, God of hosts!
Watch o'er each starry fold;
'Tis freedom's standard, tried and proved
On many a field of old;
And Thou, who long has blessed us,
Now bless us yet again,
And crown our cause with victory.
And keep our flag from stain. Anon.
From Stafford's Patriotic Recitations

50

THE FLAG OP WASHINGTON
Dear banner of my native land! ye gleaming, silver stars.
Broad, spotless ground of purity, crossed with your azure bars —
Clasped by the hero-father's hand — watched over in his might.
Through battle-hour and day of peace, bright morn and moonless night.
Because within your clustering fold, he knew you surely bore
Dear Freedom's hope for human souls to every sea and shore!
O precious Flag! beneath whose folds such noble deeds are done —
The dear old Flag! the starry Flag, the Flag of Washington!
Unfurl, bright stripes — shine forth, clear stars — swing outward to the
breeze —
Go bear your message to the wilds — go tell it on the seas.
That poor men sit within your fehade, and rich men in their pride —
That beggar-boys and statesmen's sons walk 'neath you, side by side;
You guard the school-house on the green, the church upon the hill.
And fold your precious blessings round the cabin by the rill.
While weary hearts from every land beneath the shining sun
Find work, and rest, and home beneath the Flag of Washington.
And never, never on the earth, however brave they be.
Shall friends or foes bear down this great, proud standard of the Free,
Though they around its stafi may pour red blood in rushing waves,
And build beneath its starry folds great pyramids of graves;
For God looks out, with sleepless eye, upon His children's deeds.
And sees, through all their good and ill, their sufferings and their needs;
And He will watch, and He will keep, till human rights have won.
The dear old Flag! the starry Flag! the Flag of Washington! F. W. Gillett
From Dick's Festival Reciter

THE FLAG OF THIRTEEN STRIPES AND A STAR FOR
EACH STATE OF THE UNION
When kingly presumption loosed war's desolation
To sweep o'er Columbia and sully her charms.
Our fathers united to found a new nation.
And symboled it well in our blazon of arms.
Their homes were thirteen, so they followed that number,
Seven red and six white, in a series of bars;
And — painting love's vigilance, foreign to slumber —
They chose a blue quarter with thirteen white stars.
Thirteen blazed at once in their new constellation,
The Daughters of Freedom, a star for each mate;
A new silver star is the fine augmentation
Of honor they granted for every new state.
They named no abatement in view of secession;
But bound us, their children, to foster the trust.
May God blast the wretch to propose the regression
Of part of their glory — of part of their dust!
The white of the fleld proved their hate of oppression.
Their passion for peace and abhorrence of war;
The red, in excess, warned o'erweening aggression
It aye should be met and repulsed from their shora
Truth shines in the quarter, thus tinctured of Heaven;
Youth and strength light the stars, that have ne'er paled or set
Year by year they increase — may God grant that their levin
Extending, shall re-youth the continents yet!

51
So fashioned our fathers the FLAG OF THE UNION,
Which glads every wave of the world-lashing seas —
Revered by each man in our patriot communion —
The handsomest banner that rides on the breeze.
With this sign they conquered. 'Midst cannon and mortarj
Sword, musket, and rifle, still glitters this shield;
A quarter that stoops to no nation for quarter —
A field present ever where foes are a field.
As the stars and the stripes are our states interwoven.
Having grown thus from weakness to far-spreading might;
Then perish the villain! who, wanting them cloven.
Would quench their resplendence in treachery's night!
May "a blacker than Cain" on his forehead be branded!
May his race be accursed, as clods of a clod!
May the tale to futurity's farthest be handed,
That damns him a traitor to man and to God! Charles F. LuTcens
From Preble's History of the American Flag

THE FLAG
Roll a river wide and strong.
Like the tides a-swinging.
Lift the joyful floods of song.
Set the mountains ringing.
Run the lovely banner high —
Crimson morning glory —
Field as blue as yonder sky.
Every star a story.
Let the people, heart and lip.
Hail the gleaming splendor!
Let the guns from shore and ship
Acclamation render!
All ye oceans clap your hands!
Ekiho, plains and highlands.
Speed the voice through all the lands
To the Orient islands.
Darling flag of liberty
Law and love revealing.
All the downcast turn to thee
For thy help appealing.
In the front of human right.
Flash thy stars of morning.
All that hates and hides the light
Flies before thy warning.
By the colors of the day.
By the breasts that wear them.
To the living God we pray,
That the brave may bear them!
Run the rippling banner high;
Peace or war the weather.
Cheers or tears, we'll live or die
Under it together. Dr. Melancthon Woolsey Btryker
Pres. HamDton College,
in the Hamilton Literary Monthly
From Paget's Poems of PatriotiBm

52

THE NAME OF OLD GLORY
Old Glory! say, who,
By the ships and the crew.
And the long, blended ranks of the gray and the blue, —
Who gave you. Old Glory, the name that you bear
With such pride everywhere
As you cast yourself free to the rapturous air
And leap out full-length, as we're wanting you to? —
Who gave you that name, with the ring of the same.
And the honor and fame so becoming to you? —
Your stripes stroked in ripples of white and of red.
With your stars at their glittering best overhead —
By day or by night
Their delightfulest light
Laughing down from their little square heaven of blue!-
Who gave you the name of Old Glory? — say, who —
Who gave you the name of Old Glory?
The old banner lifted, and faltering then
In vague lisps and whispers fell silent again.
Old Glory, — speak out! — we are asking about
How you happened to "favor" a name, so to say.
That sounds so familiar and careless and gay
As we cheer it and shout in our wild breezy way —
We— the crowd, every man of us, calling you that —
We — Tom, Dick and Harry — each swinging his hat
And hurrahing "Old Glory!" like you were our kin.
When — Lord! — we all know we're as common as sin!
And yet it just seems like you humor us all
And waft us your thanks, as we hall you and fall
Into line, with you over us, waving us on
Where our glorified, sanctified betters have gone, —
And this is the reason we're wanting to know —
(And we're wanting it so, —
Where our own fathers went we are willing to go.) —
Who gave you the name of Old Glory — O-ho! —
Who gave you the name of Old Glory?
The old flag unfurled with a billowy thrill
For an instant, then wistfully sighed and was still.
Old Glory: the story we're wanting to hear
Is what the plain facts of your christening were, —
For your name — just to hear it.
Repeat it, and cheer it, 's a tang to the spirit
As salt as a tear; —
And seeing you fly, and the boys marching by,
There's a shout in the throat and a blur in the eye
And an aching to live for you always — or die.
If dying, we still keep you waving on high.
And so, by our love
For you, floating above.
And the scars of all wars and the sorrows thereof.
Who gave you the name of Old Glory, and why
Are we thrilled at the name of Old Glory?
Then the old banner leaped, like a sail in the blast.
And fluttered an audible answer at last. —

53
And it spake, with a shake of the voice, and It said: —
By the driven snow-white and the living blood-red
Of my bars, and their heaven of stars overhead —
By the symbol conjoined of them all, skyward cast.
As I float from the steeple, or flap at the mast.
Or droop o'er the sod where the long grasses nod, —
My name is as old as the glory of God.
 So I came by the name of Old Glory. James Whitcomb Riley
OUR FLAG HIGH ABOVE
High above! High above.
Floats the standard that we love.
Starry emblem of our might.
Proudly borne in many a fight.
On the land and on the sea,
Borne along to victory.
Tyrants fear it, freemen cheer it,
As it floats! As it floats!
Its gay stripes lightly streaming.
And its stars brightly gleaming
From the sky of its blue,
Mark the banner of the true.
Let it wave! Let it wave!
'Neath its folds no cowering slave.
Ground to earth by tyrant power.
Waits the dawn of happier hour;
Under it all men are free;
Breathing air of liberty.
We revere it, let us cheer it.
Cheer its stripes! Cheer its stripes!
For its stripes breathe deflance.
And its stars speak alliance.
While its red and its white,
With the blue of truth unite.
Should a foe! Should a foe!
In his pride his strength to show.
On our shore presume to land.
Firm, undaunted, we will stand.
Shouting loud our freeman's cry.
Our proud standard waving high.
We will fight him, we will smite him,
Till he fly! Till he fly!
For stout hearts yield them never.
And strong arms conquer ever.
In defense of their sires.
And their altars, and their fires.
May It stand! May It stand!
Guardian o'er the happy land.
Where our sires forever broke
Haughty despot's iron yoke.
Flag of might and flag of right.
Patriots hail It with delight.
High we rear It, loud we cheer it,
Cheer its red, blue, and white!
For the North and South united.
And the East and West are plighted.
To be one evermore.
From the center to the shore. P. H. McQuade
From N. Y. (state) Education Dept.
The American Flag

54

A SONG FOR OUR FLAG
A bit of color against the blue:
Hues of the morning, blue for true,
And red for the kindling light of flame,
And white for a nation's stainless fame.
Oh! fling it forth to the winds afar.
With hope in its every shining star.
Under its folds wherever found.
Thank God, we have freedom's holy ground.
Don't you love it, as out it floats
From the schoolhouse peak, and glad young throats
Sing of the banner that aye shall be
Symbol of honor and victory?
Don't you thrill when the marching feet
Of jubilant soldiers shake the street,
And the bugles shrill, and the trumpets call,
And the red, white, and blue is over us all?
Don't you pray, amid starting tears.
It may never be furled through age-long years?
A song for our flag, our country's boast.
That gathers beneath It a mighty host;
Long may it wave o'er the goodly land
We hold in fee 'neath our Father's hand.
For God and liberty evermore
May that banner stand from shore to shore.
Never to those high meanings lost,
Never with alien standards crossed.
But always valiant and pure and trufe.
Our starry flag: red, white, and blue. Margaret E. Sangster

THE SMALLEST OP THE DRUMS
When the opulence of summer unto wood and meadow comes.
And within the tangled graveyard riot old-time spice and bloom.
Then dear Nature brings her tribute to the "smallest of the drums,"
Spreads the sweetest of her blossoms on the little soldier's tomb.
In the quiet country village, still they tell you how he died;
And the story moves you strangely, more than other tales of war.
Thrice heroic seems the hero, if he be a child beside.
And the wound that tears his bosom is more sad than others far.
In the ranks of Sherman's army none so young and small as he.
With his face so soft and dimpled, and his innocent blue eyes.
Yet of all the Union drummers he could drum most skillfully.
With a spirit — said his colonel — fit to make the dead arise!
In the charge at Chickamauga (so, beside his little grave,
You may learn the hero's story of some villager, perchance).
When his regiment sank, broken, from the rampart, like a wave,
Thrice the clangor of his drum-beat rallied to a fresh advance.
There he stood upon the hillside, capless, with his shining hair
Blown about his childish forehead like the bright silk of the corn;
And the men looked up, and saw him standing brave and scathless there.
As an angel on a hilltop, in the drifting mist of morn.

55
Thrice they rallied at his drum-beat, — then the tattered flag went down!
Some one caught it, waved it skyward for a moment, and then fell.
In the dust, and gore, and drabble, all the stars of freedom's crown.
And the soldiers beaten backward from the emblem loved so well!
Then our drummer-boy, our hero, from his neck the drum-cord flung,
And amid the hail of bullets to the fallen banner sped.
Quick he raised it from dishonor; quick before them all he sprung.
And in fearless, proud defiance, waved the old flag o'er his head!
For a minute's space the cheering, louder than the singing balls.
And the soldiers pressing forward, closing up their broken line,
Then the child's bright head, death-stricken, on his throbbing bosom falls.
And the brave eyes that God lighted cease with life and soul to shine.
In the fiag he saved they wrapped him; in that starry shroud he lies.
And the roses, and the lilacs, and the daisies seem to know;
For in all that peaceful acre, sleeping 'neath the summer skies.
There is neither mound or tablet that is wreathed and guarded so!
James Buchham
From Paget's Poems of American Patriotism

NOTHING BUT FLAGS
Nothing but flags — ^but simply flags
Tattered and torn and hanging in rags;
Some walk by them with careless tread.
Nor think of the host of patriots dead
That have marched beneath them in days gone by,
With a burning cheek and a kindling eye.
And have bathed their folds with their life's young tide,
And, dying blessed them, and blessing died.
Nothing but flags — ^yet, methinks, at night
They tell each other their tale of fright;
And spectres come, and their twin arms twine
'Round each standard torn, as they stand in line.
As the word is given, they charge; they form!
And the dim hall rings with the battle's storm!
And once again, through smoke and strife.
These colors lead to a nation's life.
Nothing but flags — yet, bathed with tears.
They tell of triumphs, of hopes, of fears;
Of earnest prayers for the absent men.
Of the battlefield and the prison pen;
Silent, they speak; and the tear will start
As we stand before them with throbbing heart,
And think of those who are not forgot;
Their flags came hither — ^but they came not.
Nothing but flags — yet we hold our breath
And gaze with awe at these types of death;
Nothing but flags — yet the thought will come.
The heart must pray though the lips are dumb.
They are sacred, pure, and we see no stain
On those loved flags, which came home again;
Baptized in blood of our purest, best.
Tattered and torn, they are now at rest. Moses Owen
From N. Y. (state) Education Dept.
The American Flag

56

THE STRIPES AND THE STARS
O Star-Spangled banner! the flag of our pride!
Though trampled by traitors and basely deflled,
Fling out to the glad winds your red, white, and blue.
For the heart of the Northland Is beating for you!
And her strong arm Is nerving to strike with a will,
Till the foe and his boastings are humbled and still!
Here's welcome to wounding and combat and scars
And the glory of death — for the Stripes and the Stars!
From prairie, O ploughman! speed boldly away, —
There's seed to be sown in God's furrows today!
Row, landward, lone fisher! stout woodman, come home!
Let smith leave his anvil and weaver his loom.
And hamlet and city ring loud with the cry:
"For God and our country we'll flght till we die!
Here's welcome to wounding and combat and scars
And the glory of death — for the Stripes and the Stars!"
Invincible banner! the flag of the free.
Oh, where treads the foot that would falter for thee?
Or the hands to be folded, till triumph is won
And tfie eagle looks proud, as of old, to the sun?
Give tears for the parting — a murmur of prayer —
Then forward! the fame of our standard to share!
With welcome to wounding and combat and scars
And the glory of death — for the Stripes and the Stars!
O God of our fathers! this banner must shine
Where battle is hottest, in warfare divine!
The cannon has thundered, the bugle has blown —
We fear not the summons — we fight not alone!
Oh, lead us, till wide from the gulf to the sea
The land shall be sacred to freedom and thee!
With love for oppression; with blessings for scars —
One country — one banner — the Stripes and the Stars!
Edna Dean Proctor

UNCOVER TO THE FLAG
Uncover to the flag; bare head
Sorts well with heart as, humbly bowed,
We stand in presence of the dead
Who make the flag their shroud.
Uncover to the flag, for there
The patriot past is typified.
Of those who taught us how to dare
For liberty, and died.
Uncover to the flag, for those
Of Concord and of Bunker Hill,
The first to fire on freedom's foes.
With shots that echo still.
Uncover to the fiag, for him
Who sang the song, the gallant Key,
When in the dawn hour, gray and dim.
He strained, its stars to see.

57
Uncover to the flag, for one
Who scorned to have his colors dip.
And flghting all but flying none.
Cried, "Don't give up the ship."
Uncover to the flag, for him
Who stoutly nailed it to the mast.
And dauntlessly, or sink or swim.
Stood by it to the last.
Uncover to the flag; the land
It floats above is one anew, —
The North and South, now hand In hand,
See God's skies, gray and blue.
Uncover to the flag; it flew
Above the men who manned the Maine,
The pledge that wp will mete the due
Of vengeance out to Spain!
Uncover to the flag; it stands ^
Por all of bravest, all of best.
In us with flower-laden hands.
In those who lie at rest. E. C. Cheverton
From Paget's Poems of American Patriotism

THE STAR-SPANGLED BANNER
O, say, can you see by the dawn's early light
What so proudly we hailed at the twilight's last gleaming? —
Whose broad stripes and bright stars, through the perilous fight
O'er the ramparts we watched, were so gallantly streaming!
And the rocket's red glare, the bombs bursting in air.
Gave proof through the night that our flag was still there;
O! say, does that star-spangled banner yet wave
O'er the land of the free, and the home of the brave?
On that shore, dimly seen through the mists of the deep,
Where the foe's haughty host In dread silence reposes.
What is that which the breeze, o'er the towering steep.
As It fltfully blows, half conceals, half discloses?
Now It catches the gleam of the morning's flrst beam.
In full glory reflected now shines on the stream;
'Tis the star-spangled banner! O, long may It wave
O'er the land of the free, and the home of the brave!
And where Is that band who so vauntingly swore
That the havoc of war and the battles' confusion
A home and a country should leave us no more?
Their blood has. washed out their foul footsteps' pollution.
No refuge could save the hireling and slave
Prom the terror of flight, or the gloom of the grave ;
And the star-spangled banner in triumph doth wave
O'er the land of the free, and the home of the brave!
O! thus be it ever when freemen shall stand
Between their loved homes and the war's desolation!
Blest with vict'ry and peace, may the Heaven-rescued land
Praise the Power that hath made and preserved us a nation.
Then conquer we must, when our cause it is just,
And this be our motto. "In God is our trust:"
And the star-spangled banner in triumph shall wave
O'er the land of the free, and the home of the brave. Francis Scott Key

Cho.

58

THOSE REBEL FLAGS
Shall we send back the Johnnies their bunting,
In token, from Blue to the Gray,
That "Brothers-in-blood" and "Good Hunting"
Shall be our new Watchword to-day?
In olden times knights held it knightly
To return to brave foemen the sword;
Will the Stars and Stripes gleam less brightly
If the old Rebel flags are restored?
Call it sentiment, call it misguided
To fight to the death for "a rag;"
Yet, trailed In the dust, derided.
The true soldier still loves his flag!
Does love die, and must honor perish
When colors and causes are lost?
Lives the soldier who ceases to cherish
The blood-stains and valor they cost?
Our battle-fields, safe In the keeping
Of Nature's kind, fostering care
Are blooming, — our heroes are sleeping, —
And peace broods perennial there.
All over our land rings the story
Of loyalty, fervent and true;
"One flag," and that flag is "Old Glory,"
Alike for the Gray and the Blue.
Why cling to those moth-eaten banners?
What glory or honor to gain
While the nation is shouting hosannas.
Uniting her sons to flght Spain?
Time is ripe, and the harvest worth reaping,
Send the Johnnies their flags f. o. b..
Address to the care and safe keeping
Of that loyal "old Reb," FItzhugh Lee!
Yes, send back the Johnnies their bunting.
With greetings from Blue to the Gray;
We are "Brothers-in-blood," and "Good Hunting"
Is America's watchword to-day. John H. Jewett
From Paget's Poems of American Patriotism

THE STARRY FLAG
From proud Atlantic's surging waves
To where the broad Pacific lies.
And playfully the bright sand laves
Beneath clear, sunny skies!
From far along Canadian lines
The rocky borders of the land.
To where the Gulf in beauty shines.
And breaks upon the strand;
From Allegheny's crested mounts,
And on the Rocky's summits gray.
Where, brightly, snow-fed crystal founts.
Are welling forth alway;

59
On Mississippi's mighty tides.
And on Ohio's silver stream.
Or where the Susquehanna glides.
Or Schuylkill's ripples gleam;
Where Delaware, with current grave.
Is sv/eeping outward to the sea;
In every land, on every wave.
The Starry Flag floats free!
And through all time this flag above.
In triumph o'er oppression's holds,
Shall, In the light of peace and love.
Unroll its glorious folds. Stockton Bates

OUR FLAG
Fling it from mast and steeple.
Symbol o'er land and sea
Of the life of a happy people.
Gallant and strong and free.
Proudly we view its colors.
Flag of the brave and true,
With the clustered stars and steadfast bars.
The red, the white and the blue.
Flag of the fearless hearted.
Flag of the broken chain,
Flag in a day-dawn started,
Never to pale or wane.
Dearly we prize its colors,
With the heaven light breaking through,
The clustered stars and the steadfast bars.
The red, the white and the blue.
Flag of the sturdy fathers,
Flag of the loyal sons.
Beneath its folds it gathers
Earth's best and noblest ones.
Boldly we wave its colors,
Our veins are thrilled anew;
By the steadfast bars, the clustered stars.
The red, the white and the blue. Margaret E. Sangster
From N. Y. (state) Education Dept.
The American Flag

REGIMENT SONG
The old flag is a-doin' of her very level best, —
She's a rainbow roun' the country from the rosy east to west;
An' the eagle's in the elements with sunshine on his breast,
An' we're marchin' with the country in the mornin'!
We're marchin' to the music that is ringin' fur and nigh;
You kin hear the hallelujahs as the regiments go by;
We'll live for this old country, or In Freedom's cause we'll die, —
We're marchin' with the country in the mornin'! Frank L. Stanton
From Paget's Poems of American Patriotism

60

FLAG OP THE RAINBOW
Flag of the rainbow, and banner of stars.
Emblem of light, and shield to the lowly,
Never to droop while our soldiers and tars
Rally to guard it from outrage unholy.
Never may shame or misfortune attend It,
Enmity sully, or treachery rend it,
While but a man is alive to defend it:
Flag of the rainbow, and banner of stars.
Flag of the land. where the people are free.
Ever the breezes salute and caress it;
Planted on earth, or afloat on the sea.
Gallant men guard it, and fair women bless it.
Fling out its folds o'er a country united.
Warmed by the fires that our forefathers lighted.
Refuge where down-trodden man is invited:
Flag of the rainbow, and banner of the stars.
Flag that our sires gave in trust to their sons,
Symbol and sign of a liberty glorious,
While the grass grows and the clear water runs,
Ever invincible, ever victorious.
Long may it 'waken our pride and devotion.
Rippling its colors in musical motion.
First on the land, and supreme on the ocean:
Flag of the rainbow, and banner of stars. Thomas Dunn English

THE FLAG OP OUR UNION
A song for our banner, the watchword recall
Which gave the Republic her station:
"United we stand — divided we fall!"
It made and preserves us a nation.
The union of lakes, the ilnion of lands.
The union of States none can sever!
The union of hearts, the union of hands.
And the Flag of our Union forever and ever.
The Flag of our Union forever!
What God in His infinite wisdom designed.
And armed with republican thunder.
Not all the earth's despots and factions combined
Have the power to conquer or sunder.
The union of lakes, the union of lands.
The union of States none can sever!
The union of hearts, the union of hands.
And the flag of our Union forever and ever.
The Flag of our Union forever!
Oh, keep that flag flying. The pride of the van!
"To all other nations display it!
The ladies for union are to a — man!
And not to the man who'd betray it.
Then the union of lakes, the union of lands.
The union of States none can sever!
The union of hearts, the union of hands.
And the Flag of the Union forever! George P. Morris

61

COMRADES! JOIN THE FLAG OP GLORY.
COMRADES! join the flag of glory.
Cheerily tread the deck of fame.
Earn a place in future story.
Seek and win a warrior's name.
Yankee tars can laugh at dangers.
While the roaring mountain wave
Teems with carnage — they are strangers
To a deed that is not brave.
May our bannered stars as ever
Splendidly o'er freemen burn.
Till the night of war is over.
Till the dawn of peace return. From Bggleston's American War Ballads

THE SCHOOLHOUSE AND THE FLAG
Ye who love the Republic, remember the claim
Ye owe to her fortunes, ye owe to her name.
To her years of prosperity past and in store, —
A hundred behind you, a thousand before!
The blue arch above us is Liberty's dome.
The green fields beneath us is Equality's home;
But the schoolroom today is Humanity's friend, —
Let the people, the flag and the schoolroom defend!
'Tis the schoolhouse that stands by the flag;
Let the nation stand by the school!
'Tis the school bell that rings for our Liberty old,
'Tis the school boy whose ballot shall rule.
Frank Treat Southwick
Prom N. Y. (state) Education Dept.
The American Flag

EXTRACT PROM THE LAY OF THE LAST MINSTREL
Breathes there a man with soul so dead.
Who never to himself hath said.
This is my own, my native land!
Whose heart hath ne'er within him burn'd
As home his footsteps he hath turn'd.
From wandering on a foreign strand!
If such there breathe, go, mark him well;
For him no minstrel raptures swell;
High though his titles, proud his name.
Boundless his wealth as wish can claim;
Despite those titles, power, and pelf.
The wretch, concentered all in self,
Living, shall forfeit fair renown.
And, doubly dying, shall go down
To the vile dust, from whence he sprung.
Unwept, unhonour'd; and unsung. Sir Walter Scott

62

CONCORD HYMN
By the rude bridge that arched the fiood.
Their flag to April's breeze unfurled,
Here once the embattled farmers stood.
And fired the shot heard round the world.
The foe long since in silence slept;
Alike the conqueror silent sleeps;
And Time the ruined bridge has swept
Down the dark stream which seaward creeps.
On this green bank, by this soft stream.
We set today a votive stone;
That memory may their deed redeem.
When, like our sires, our sons are gone.
Spirit, that made those heroes dare
To die, and leave their children free.
Bid Time and Nature gently spare
The shaft we raise to them and thee. Ralph Waldo Emerson

THE FLAG GOES BY
Hats off!
Along the street there comes
A blare of bugles, a ruffle of drums,
A flash of color Iseneath the sky:
Hats off!
The flag is passing by!
Blue and crimson and white it shines.
Over the steel-tipped, ordered lines.
Hats off!
The colors before us fly;
But more than the fiag is passing by.
Sea-fights and land-flghts, grim and great,
Fought to make and to save the State:
Weary marches and sinking ships;
Cheers of victory on dying lips;
Days of plenty and years of peace;
March of strong land's swift increase;
Equal justice, right and law,
Stately honor and reverend awe;
Sign of a nation, great and strong
To ward her people from foreign wrong:
Pride and glory and honor, — all
Live in the colors to stand or fall.
Hats off!
Along the street there comes
A blare of bugles, a ruffle of drums;
And loyal hearts are beating high:
Hats off!
The fiag is passing by! Henry Holcornb Bennett
From Paget's Poems of American Patriotism

63

OLD IRONSIDES.
Ay, tear her tattered ensign down!
Long has It waved on high.
And many an eye has dimmed to see
That banner In the sky;
Beneath it rung the battle shout.
And burst the cannon's roar; —
The meteor of the ocean air
Shall sweep the clouds no more.
Her deck, once red with heroes' blood.
Where knelt the vanquished foe.
When winds were hurrying o'er the flood.
And waves were white below,
No more shall feel the victor's tread,
Or know the conquered knee; —
The harpies of the shore shall pluck
The eagle of the sea!
O better that her shattered hulk
Should sink beneath the wave;
Her thunders shook the mighty deep,
And there should be her grave;
Nail to the mast her holy flag.
Set every threadbare sail,
And give her to the god of storms.
The lightning and the gale! Oliver Wendell Holmes
From Bggleston's American War Ballads

THE FLAG THAT HAS NEVER KNOWN DEFEAT
On history's crimson pages, high up on the roll of fame.
The story of Old Glory burns, in deathless words of flame.
'Twas cradled in war's blinding smoke, amid the roar of guns.
Its lullabies were battle-cries, the shouts of freedom's sons;
It is the old red, white, and blue, proud emblem of the free,
It is the flag that floats above our land of liberty.
Then greet it, when you meet It, boys, the flag that waves on high;
And hats off, all along the line, when freedom's flag goes by.
Chorus
Uncover when the flag goes by, boys,
'Tis freedom's starry banner that you greet,
Flag famed in song and story.
Long may i%. wave, Old Glory,
The flag that has never known defeat.
All honor to the Stars and Stripes, our glory and our pride,
All honor to the flag for which our fathers fought and died;
On many a blood-stained battle-field, on many a gory sea.
The flag has triumphed, evermore triumphant may it be.
And since again, 'mid shot and shell, its folds must be unfurled,
God grant that we may keep it still unstained before the world.
All hail the flag we love, may it victorious ever fly.
And hats off, all along the line, when freedom's flag goes by.
Charles L. Benjamin and George D. Sutton
From Paget's Poems of American Patriotism

64

HYMN
"Here where our fathers came
Bearing the holy flame
To light our days —
Here where with faith and prayer
They raised these walls in air.
Now to the heavens so fair.
Their flag we raise.
"Look ye where free it waves
Over their hallowed graves
Blessing their sleep;
Now pledge your heart and hand
Sons of a noble land
Round this bright flag to stand,
Till death to keep.
"God of our fathers! now
To thee we raise our vow
Judge and defend;
Let freedom's banner wave
Till there be not a slave
Thou thyself strong to save
Unto the end."

Harriet Beecher Stowe

THE FLOWER OF LIBERTY
What flow'r is this that greets the morn.
Its hues from heav'n so freshly born?
With burning star and flaming band
It kindles all the sunset land:
O tell us what its name may be.
Is this the Flower of Liberty?
It is, it is the banner of the free.
The starry Flower, the Flower of Liberty!
In savage Nature's far abode,
Its tender seed our fathers sowed;
The storm-winds rocked its swelling bud.
Its op'ning leaves were streaked with blood.
Till lo! earth's tyrants shook to see
The full-blown Flower of Liberty!
Then hail, then hail the banner of the free.
The starry Flower, the flower of Liberty!
Behold its streaming rays unite.
One mingling flood of braided light, —
The red that fires the Southern rose.
With spotless white from Northern snows.
And, spangled o'er its azure, see
The sister Stars of Liberty!
Then hail, then hail the banner of the free.
The starry Flower, the Flower of Liberty!
The blades of heroes fence it round.
Where'er it springs is holy ground;
Prom tower and dome its glories spread;
It waves where lonely sentries tread;

65
It makes the land as ocean free,
And plants an empire on the sea!
Then hail, then hail the banner of the free.
The starry Flower, the Flower of Liberty!
Thy sacred leaves, fair Freedom's flower.
Shall ever float on dome and tower.
To all their heav'nly colors true.
In black'ning frost or crimson dew, —
And God love us as we love thee.
Thrice holy Flower of Liberty!
Then hail, then hail the banner of the free.
The starry Flower, the Flower of Liberty! Oliver Wendell Holmes

GOD SAVE THE FLAG
Washed in the blood of the brave and the blooming.
Snatched from the altars of insolent foes.
Burning with star-fires, but never consuming,
Plash its broad ribbons of lily and rose.
Vainly the prophets of Baal would rend it.
Vainly his worshipers pray for its fall;
Thousands have died for it, millions defend It,
Emblem of justice and mercy to all:
Justice that reddens the sky with her terrors,
Mercy that comes with her white-handed train,
Soothing all passions, redeeming all errors.
Sheathing the sabre and breaking the chain.
Borne on the deluge of old usurpations.
Drifted our Ark o'er the desolate seas,
Bearing the rainbow of hope to the nations,
Torn from the storm-cloud and flung to the breeze!
God bless the Flag and its loyal defenders.
While its broad folds o'er the battle-field wave,
Till the dim star-wreath rekindle its splendors.
Washed from its stains in the blood of the brave.
Oliver Wendell Holmes

STAND BY THE FLAG
Stand by the flag! on land and ocean billow;
By it your fathers stood, unmoved and true;
Living, defended; dying, from their pillow.
With their last blessing, passed it on to you.
The lines that divide us are written in water.
The love that unites us Is cut deep as rock.
Thus by friendship's ties united.
We will change the bloody past
Into golden links of union.
Blending all in love at last.
Thus beneath the one broad banner.
Flag of the true, the brave the free.
We will build anew the Union,
Portress of our Liberty. Anon
From Stafford's Patriotic Recitations

66

THE FLAG OF THE CONSTELLATION.
The stars of our morn on our banner borne.
With the iris of heav'n are blended.
The hands of our sires first mingled those fires.
By us they shall be defended!
Then hail the true — the Red, White, and Blue,
The flag of the constellation;
It sails as it sailed, by our fore-fathers hailed.
O'er battles that made us a nation.
What hand so bold to strike from its fold,
One star or stripe of its bright'ning;
To him be each star a fiery Mars,
Each stripe a terrible lightning.
Then hail the true — the Red, White, and Blue,
The flag of the constellation;
It sails as it sailed, by our fore-fathers hailed.
O'er battles that made us a nation.
Its meteor form shall ride the storm
Till the fiercest of foes surrender;
The storm gone by, it shall gild the sky.
As a rainbow of peace and splendor.
Then hail the true — the Red, White, and Blue,
The flag of the constellation.
It sails as it sailed, by our fore-fathers hailed.
O'er battles that made us a nation.
Peace, peace to the world — is our motto unfurled,
Tho' we shun not a field that is gory;
At home or abroad, fearing none but our God,
We will carve our own pathway to glory!
Then hail the true — the Red, White, and Blue,
The flag of the constellation.
It sails as it sailed, by our fore-fathers hailed.
O'er battles that made us a nation.

T. Buchanan Rfiid
From Bggleston's American War Ballads

O STARRY FLAG OP UNION, HAIL!
O starry flag of Union, Hail!
Now wave thy silken folds on high.
The gentle breeze that stirs each sail
Proclaims a broad dear freedom nigh.
Who dares haul down from mast or tow'r.
Yon emblem of Columbia's pride.
His life holds light in that dread hour.
Since brave men for that flag hath died.
We raise no hand for strife or war.
We plead for peace for every land;
But love we always each bright star.
Each color, stripe, and rain-bow strand.

67
Blue field, thy stars for ev'ry state;
Thy crimson stripes, thy peerless white,
Wave now o'er us, while our chorus
Swells our watchword, God and Right. Charles W. Johnson
From N. Y. (state) Education Dept.
The American Flag

A SONG FOR FLAG DAY
Your Flag and my Flag!
And how it flies today
In your land and my land
And half a world away!
Rose-red and blood-red
The stripes forever gleam;
Snow-white and soul-white —
The good forefather's dream;
Sky-blue and true-blue, with stars to gleam aright —
The glorious guidon of the day; a shelter through the night.
Your Flag, and my Flag!
And, oh, how much it holds —
Your land and my land — •
Secure within its folds!
Your heart and my heart
Beat quicker at the sight;
Sun-kissed and wind-tossed.
Red and blue and white.
The one Flag — the great Flag — the Flag for me and you —
Glorifled all else beside — the red and white and blue!
Your Flag and my Flag!
To every star and stripe
The drums beat as heart beat
And fifers shrilly pipe!
Your Flag and my Flag —
A blessing in the sky;
Your hope and my hope —
It never hid a lie!
Home land and far land and half the world around.
Old Glory hears our glad salute and ripples to the sound!
Winur D. NesHt
From N. Y. (state) Education Dept.
The American Flag

OLD FLAG FOREVER
She's up there, — Old Glory, — where lightnings are sped;
She dazzles the nations with ripples of red;
And she'll wave for us living, or droop o'er us dead, —
The fiag of our country forever!
She's up there, — Old Glory, — how bright the stars stream!
And the stripes like red signals of liberty gleam!
And we dare for her, living, or dream the last dream,
'Neath the flag of our country forever!
She's up there, — Old Glory, — no tyrant-dealt scars.
No blur on her brightness, no stain on her stars!
The brave blood of heroes hath crimsoned her bars.
She's the flag of our country forever! Frank L. Stanton
From Paget's Poems of American Patriotism

68

STAINED BY THE BLOOD OF HEROES
Around the globe, through every clime.
Where commerce wafts or man hath trod.
It floats aloft, unstained with crime,
But hallowed by heroic blood. Anon

OUR NATIONAL BANNER
O'er the high and o'er the lowly
Floats that banner bright and holy
In the ra;ys of Freedom's sun.
In the nation's heart embedded.
O'er our Union newly wedded.
One in all, and all in one.
Let that banner wave forever.
May its lustrous stars fade never.
Till the stars shall pale on high;
While there's right the wrong defeating.
While there's hope in true hearts beating,
Truth and freedom shall not die.
As It floated long before us.
Be it ever floating o'er us.
O'er our land from shore to shore:
There are freemen yet to wave it.
Millions who would die to save it,
Wave it, save it, evermore. Dexter Smith
From Stevenson's Poems of American History

69

AUTHOR AND TITLE INDEX Page
American flag. Beecher  28
American flag. Drake  41
American flag. Lunt  48
Apostrophe to the flag. Ingersoll  29
Apostrophe to the flag. Webster  30
Ballad of Fort Moultrie. Dorr  42
Banner of the stars. Raymond  42
Barbara Frietchie. Whittier  44
Bates, Stockton. The starry flag  58
Battle cry of freedom  43
Beautiful symbolization of the flag. Sumner. .¦  30
Beecher, H. W. The American flag  28
Benjamin, C. L. and Sutton, (x. D. The flag that has never known defeat  63
Bennett, H. H. The flag goes by  62
Betsy's battle flag. Irving  47
Beveridge, A. J. The march of the flag  37
Buckham, James. The smallest of the drums  ".  54
Call of the flag. Draper  31
Cheverton, E. C. Uncover to the flag  56
Cobem, C. H. The language of the flag  36
Columbia the gem of the ocean. Shaw  46
Comrades! Join the flag of glory  61
Concord hymn. Emerson  61
Dorr, Mrs. J. C. R. Ballad of Fort Moultrie  42
Drake, J. R. The American flag  41
Draper, A. S. Call of the flag  31
Emerson, R. W. Concord hymn  61
Enghsh, T. D. Flag of the rainbow  60
Extract from the lay of the last minstrel. Scott  61
Extract from the making of an American. Riis  33
Ferris, W.N. Flag day proclamation  34
Flag. Howe  46
Flag. Macy  45
Flag. Stryker  51
Flag and American citizenship. Houston  33
Flag day proclamation. Ferris  34
Flag goes by. Bennett  62
Flag of our union. Morris  60
Flag of the constellation. Reid  66
Flag of the rainbow. English  60
Flag of thirteen stripes and a star for each state of the union. Lukens  50
Flag of Washington. Gillett  50
Flag that has never known defeat. Benjamin and Sutton  63
Flag to its makers. Lane  35
Flower of liberty. Holmes  64
Freedom's standard  49
Gillett, F. W. The flag of Washington  50
God bless our stars forever. Taylor  48
God save the flag. Holmes  65
Graves, J. T. Our country's flag  38
Hamilton, K. W. What the flag means  40
Harrison, Benjamin. Harrison and the flag  36
Harrison and the flag. Harrison  36
Holmes, O. W. God save the flag  65
The flower of hberty  64
Old Ironsides  63
Houston, Samuel. The flag and the American citizenship  33
Howe, J. M. The flag  46

70

Hymn. Stowe  64
Ingersoll, R. G. Apostrophe to the flag  29
Irving, Minna. Betsy's battle flag  47 ,
Jewett, J. H. Those rebel flags  58 '
Johnson, C. W. O starry flag of union hail  66
Key, F. S. The star-spangled banner  57
Lane, F. K. The flag to its makers  35
Language of the flag. Cobern  36
Lukens, C. F. The flag of thirteen stripes and a star for each state of the union . . SO
Lunt, W. P. The American flag  48
McQuade, P. H. Our flag high above  53
Macy, Arthur. The flag  45
March of the flag. Beveridge  37
Morris, G. P. The flag of our union  60
Name of old glory. Riley  52
Nesbit, W. D. A song for flag day  67
Nothing but flags. Owen  65
O starry flag of union, hail! Johnson  66
Old flag forever. Stanton  67
Old Ironsides. Hohnes  63
Our country's flag. Graves  38
Our flag. Sangster  59
Our flag high above. McQuade  53
Our national banner. Smith  68
Owen, Moses. Nothing but flags  55
Proctor, E. D. The stripes and the stars  56
Raymond, R. W. The banner of the stars  42
Regiment song. Stanton  59
Reid, T. B. Flag of the constellation  66
Riis, J. A. Extract from the making of an American  33
Riley, J. W. The name of old glory  52
Sangster, M. E. Our flag  59
A song for our flag  54
Schoolhouse and the flag. Southwick  61
Scott, Sir Walter. Extract from the lay of the last minstrel  61
Shaw, D. T. Columbia the gem of the ocean  46
Smallest of the drums. Buckham  54
Smith, Dexter. Our national banner  68
Song for flag day. Nesbit  67
Song for our flag. Sangster  54
Southwick, F. T. The schoolhouse and the flag  61
Stained by the blood of heroes  68
Stand by the flag  65
Stanton, F. L. Old flag forever  67
Regiment song  59
Star spangled banner. Key  57
Starry flag. Bates  58
Story of the flag  39
Stowe, H. B. Hymn  64
Stripes and the stars. Proctor  56
Stryker, Dr. M. W. The flag  51
Sumner, Charles. Beautiful symbolization of the flag  30
Taylor, B. T. God bless our stars forever  48
Those rebel flags. Jewett  ' . . . . 58
Uncover to the flag. Cheverton  56
Voice of our flag. Winthrop  39
Webster, Daniel. Apostrophe to the flag  30
What the flag means. Hamilton  40
Whittier, J. G. Barbara Frietchie  44
Winthrop, R. C. The voice of our flag  39

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Date Due
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