Yale University Library

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YALE UNIVERSITY
LIBRARY

1942

TWo Puqdred aqd FiftiBth jlnniVersary

CELEBRATION

SANDWICH AND BOURNE

SANDWICH, MASSACHUSETTS,

SEPTEMBER a, 1889

AMBROSE E. PRATT
STAFF CORRESPONDENT ASSOCIATED PRESS AND BOSTON GLOBE.

OEFICIAL PROCEEDIHGS

FALMOUTH, MASS.:
LOCAL PUBLISHING AND PRINTING COMPANY.

PREFACE.
This memorial volume has been compiled in obedience to a vote
of the Executive Committee of the Quarter Millenial Celebration of
the towns of Sandwich and Bourne, at a meetingheld October 5, 1889.
I regret very much that the work was not completed earher.
Had I known at the time of the celebration, that the responsibility
of compiling these proceedings, was to devolve upon me, a steno
grapher would have been present and reported the exercises verba
tim, thus enabling me to have presented the book to you some
months ago. Much time has been consumed in getting the material
together. It was late in March before a greater portion of the man
uscript reached me, and other unavoidable delays prevented me from
issuing the volume sooner.
The account of the proceedings contained herein is authentic
in every particular, and it has been my purpose to present all the de
tails of this most successful celebration in a manner which will not
only be interesting, but valuable to all Sandwich folk, in years to
come, wherever they may reside, and I trust the volume will meet
with their approval. Ambrose E. Pratt.

CONTENTS.
Preliminary Proceedings,
General Committee,
Sub-Committee,Proceedings of the Committee, .
The Celebration,
The Procession, .
The Decorations,
At the Casino,
Oration by Rev. N. H. Chamberlain,
At the Tent,
Opening Address of Frank H. Pope,
The Toastmaster,
Hon. John D. Long,
The Toastmaster,
The Poem,
The Toastmaster,
Hon. Charles S. Randall,
The Toastmaster,
Col. Myron P. Walker,
The Toastmaster,
Charles E. Pope, . .
Ode, ....
Closing Remarks by the Toastmaster,
The Boat Carnival,
The Fireworks,
The Ball,
Celebration Notes,
Letters,Donors — on part of Sandwich,
Donors — on part of Bourne,
Legal 'Voters of Sandwich, 1889,
Legal "Voters of Boume, 1889,

56 7
8
15
1719
2279
80
. 84
8488
889090
92 92
94959999
IOO
lOI lOI
103
107 116117 120
126

PRELIMINARY PROCEEDINGS.

At the annual Town Meeting, held on April 2, 1887, it
was
Voted : That a committee of five be appointed by the Mod
erator, (Hon. Charles Dillingham) to take into consideration the
celebration of the 250th anniversary of the town of Sandwich, and to
report at the next annual meeting.
The following gentlemen constituted that committee : —
L T. Jones, H. G. O. Ellis, E. S. Whittemore, Dr. J. E. Pratt,
George T. McLaughlin. It was also
Voted : That the above committee be instrufted to secure such
special legislation as may be required to enable the town to legally
appropriate money for the celebration.
At the annual meeting, held in March, 1888, a commit
tee of five, consisting of James Shevlin, Philip H. Robinson,
H. H. Heald, F. S. Pope and Samuel Fessenden, were ap
pointed to confer with the towns of Yarmouth, Barnstable
and Bourne, as regards a general celebration.
In March, 1889 the committee having in charge, the pro
posed celebration, read its report, which was accepted, and it
was Voted : That the sum of ^600 be raised and appropriated, and
if there remains an unexpended balance, it should be returned to
the treasury of the town.

6
The meeting having decided to celebrate the anniver
sary of the town's incorporation, rather than its settlement, a
committee of five was appointed by the moderator, (Mr.
Dillingham) comprising the following : — T. L. Southack,
J. E. Pratt, E. S. Whittemore, F. S. Pope and James Shev
lin, to report a committee of forty to this meeting, to consti
tute the celebration committee. The committee's report
was accepted.

GENERAL COMMITTEE.

ORIGINAL COMMITTEE OF POETY FOE SANDWICH.

B. G. Bartley,
S. Frank Brailey,
J. F. Carlton,
E. J. Donovan,
F. A. Fisher,
Francis Murphy,
F. S. Pope,
James Shevlin,
A. C. Southworth,
F. O. Ellis,
E. S. Whittemore,
G. T. McLaughlin,
F. H. Burgess,

I. T. Jones,- Chairman.

W. E. Boyden,
Arthur Braman,
G. B. Chamberlain,
Samuel Fessenden,
John Kennard,
William L. Nye,
F. E. Pierce,
T. L. Southack,
C. M. Thompson,
Zenas W. Wright,
Frank E. Pope,
J. A. Holway,
B. F. Chamberlain,

Charles Brady,
Charles F. Dalton,
S. S. Chipman,
W. H. Heald,
P. F. Mahoney,
S. I. Morse,
H. F. Spurr,
E. J. Swann,
C. C. Jones,
A. F. Sherman, Jr.,
J. L. Wesson,
Chas. Dillingham,
F. E. Elwell,

John E. Pratt, Secretary.

COMMITTEE FOE BOUENE.

Isaac N. Keith,
Nathan Nye,
O. R. Swift,
W. A. Barlow,
Andrew C. Bates,
B. H. Gilbraith,
Allen T. Rogers,
Hiram Crowell,
Geo. L. Atherton,
J. P. Knowlton,

WiUiam A. Nye,
David D. Nye,
Paul C. Gibbs,
Rev. J. J. Brackett,
Fred Dimmock,
James T. Handy,
Benj. B. Abbe,
Charles D. Swift,
John W. Wedlock,
E. Bourne Nye,

A. L. Aldrich,
A. R. Eldredge,
W. R. BlackweU,
F. E. Wright,
Ansel W. Fish,
A. L. Landers,
Calvin Crowell,
Clarence E. Pope,
Wm. R. Gibbs,
L. Latter.

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.

I. T. Jones, Chair. F. A. Fisher, W. E. Boyden,
G. T. McLaughlin, James Shevlin, C. M. Thompson,
F. S. Pope, Z. W. Wright, J. E. Pratt, Sec.

SUB-COMMITTEES.

FINANCE.

Sandwich. W. E. Boyden, Chairman; W. H. Heald, Zenas W.
Wright, Charies Brady, Frank E. Pope, I. T. Jones, F. H. Bur
gess, W. L. Nye, J. E. Pratt.
Bourne. I. N. Keith, A. L. Aldrich, A. R. Eldredge, I. Small, Jr.

LITEEAEY.

Sandwich. C. M. Thompson, Chairman ; Charles Dillingham, E. S.
Whittemore, G. T. McLaughlin, J. L. Wesson.
Bourne. Isaac N. Keith, Charles F. Chamberlayne, W. A. Nye,
Rev. John J. Brackett, L. Latter.

MUSIC.

Sandwich. Ambrose E. Pratt, Chairman ; W. L. Nye, Sec. ; W. H.
Heald, P. F. Mahoney, H. H. Heald.
Bourne. C. H. Burgess, 2nd, Eben Keith, O. R. Swift.
BALL.
A. F. Sherman, Jr., Chairman ; J. A. Holway, Sec. ; T. L. Southack,
Arthur Braman, Francis Murphy, F. O. Ellis, G. E. White and
James H. Kellehar. DECORATIONS AND FIEEWOEKS.
Sandwich. F. E. Pierce, Chairman ; F. S. Pope, Sec. ; E. J. Dono
van, S. Frank Brailey, H. F. Spurr, F. E. Elwell, J. F. Knowles,
Sam'l Fessenden, L. C. Jones, E. J. Swann, F. H. Burgess,
S. S. Chipman, John Kennard, S. I. Morse, B. G. Bartley.
Bourne. E. C. Swift, Walter G. Beal, Paul C. Gibbs, Andrew C.
Bates, Ansel W. Fish, I. Small, Jr.

invitations.
Sandwich. Charles Dillingham, Chairman; F. H. Burgess, Sec;
F. S. Pope, Paul Wing, Azariah Wing, F. E. Elwell, D. C.
Percival.
Bourne. D. D. Nye, I. N. Keith, W. A. Nye, G. F. Swift, Joe
Jefferson, F. Dimmick, Nathan Nye, B. H. Gilbraith.
bnteetainment.
Sandwich. W. L. Nye, Chairman ; F. E. Pierce, Sec. ;'A. C. South-
worth, C. C. Jones, E. J. Swann, G. E. White, I. T. Jones.
Bourne. Calvin Crowell, W. R. Gibbs, B. B. Abbe, A. L. Aldrich,
F. E. Wright, W, A. Bariow.
parade.
Sandwich. James Shevlin, Chairman ; B. F. Chamberlain, Sec. ; J.
F. Carlton, J. F. Knowles, F. A. Fisher, G. B. Chamberlain.
Bourne. George I. Briggs, J. P. Knowlton, A. L. Landers, J. T.
Handy, W. R. BlackweU.
tent.
Arthur Braman, Chairman ; C. M. Thompson.
BADGES.
James Shevlin, Chairman; G. E. White, J. E. Pratt, T. L.
Southack, CM. Thompson. PEESS.
Ambrose E. Pratt, Chairman; A. F. Sherman, Jr., F. O. Ellis.
teanspoetation.
W. E. Boyden, Chairman ; I. T. Jones, J. E. Pratt.
GEAND MAESHALL.
William A. Nye of Bourne.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMMITTEES.

The first meeting of the committee of forty, on the
250th anniversa,ry celebration, held March 26, 1889, was
called to order by F. H. Burgess, Town Clerk. E. S. Whit-

9
temore was chosen temporary chairman and John E. Pratt,
secretary. It was voted that the chair appoint a committee
of three, who should retire to nominate permanent officers
and an executive committee; it reported as follows: —
Permanent Chairman, I. T. Jones.
Permanent Secretary, John E. Pratt.
Executive Committee , I. T. Jones, Geo. T. McLaughlin,
F. A. Fisher, W. E. Boyden, Charles M. Thompson, J. E.
Pratt, James Shevlin, F. S. Pope, Zenas W. Wright. The
committee subsequently elected I. T. Jones as chairman,
and J. E. Pratt, secretary.
Voted : That the executive committee be requested to confer
with committees of Bourne and Barnstable, relative to a union of
the towns in the coming celebration.
The executive committee met May 4, 1889. Mr. James
Shevlin acting as chairman pro tern. Remarks were made
by Messrs. Shevlin, Thompson, Boyden, and Wright (and
W. A. Nye, of Bourne, who, being present, was invited to act
at this meeting,) as to the propriety and advisability of hav
ing a celebration, Barnstable to the contrary notwithstand
ing, which culminated in the following :
Voted : On motion of W. A. Nye, seconded by James Shevlin,
that we, together with the town of Bourne, do celebrate the 250th
anniversary of the incorporation of Sandwich, in Sandwich village, on
the 3d of September next. (Unanimous.)
Voted : That a committee of three be appointed by the chair,
to report a plan of organization to the full executive committee, next
Thursday evening, and that the full committee report such plan, after
necessary revision and amendment, to a joint committee from the
towns of Sandwich and Boume, at Buzzards Bay, Friday moming next.
Committee : — J. E. Pratt, James Shevlin, C. M. Thompson.
At an adjourned meeting of the executive committee,
held May 9, 1889, the report of the sub-committee on plan
of organization was read and accepted.
Voted : That we recommend to the joint committee that W.
A. Nye be made chief marshal, and Charles DUUngham, president
of the day.
Messrs. Jones, Thompson, Shevlin, Wright, Pope and
Pratt met the committee of Bourne at Buzzards Bay, on the

10
morning of May 10. The joint committee was organized by
choice of I. T. Jones, President and W. A. Nye, Secretary.
The plan of organization reported from executive com
mittee of Sandwich was adopted without question. Consid
erable time was spent in discussion, as to the relation of the
town of Bourne in the matter of her appropriation, and no
business of importance was transacted.
The committee of forty held a meeting at the Town
Hall, July 18, 1889, called in anticipation of a town meeting,
to be held the 23d, on petition of citizens opposed to the
celebration for certain reasons. The chairman, Mr. Jones,
stated the present status as to finances, showing a very grat
ifying exhibit.
Voted. That we recommend to the town that the plans for a
celebration be prosecuted.
Chas. Dillingham, chairman of the Board of Selectmen,
by request, stated that the increase in taxation this year, by
reason of the $600 appropriated at the March meeting, would
be 40 cents per f 1000.
At this meeting, Mr. E. F. Elwell, a summer resident,
was made a member of the committee.
The executive committee met July 22, '89 when it was
Voted : That A. L. Aldrich, W. A. Nye, I. N. Keith and Na
than Nye of Bourne, be invited to participate in the next general
meeting. Voted : That the committees on decorations and fireworks be
consolidated. Voted : That W. E. Boyden be appointed treasurer of the
Centennial committee.
A convention of all the committees was held at the Town
Hall, July 26, 1889, with I. T. Jones as chairman.
Various persons from Sandwich and Bourne were added
to the several sub-committees, and the latter organized with
choice of chairmen and secretaries.
Voted : To send special invitations to Hon. Samuel Snow, of
Barnstable, to act in conjunction with Hon. I. N. Keith, in securing,
if possible, the Hon. J. D. Long, as orator, and failing in this, to
secure Hon. George D. Robinson.

11
Voted : That the price of dinner tickets do not exceed 50 cents
per plate, and that the committee guarantee to the caterer, 1000
plates. It was suggested that inasmuch as it is desirable that
all possible benefits arising from the celebration should ac
crue to the towns of Sandwich and Bourne, that the sub
committees should procure, as far as possible, their equip
ments, appliances, facilities, etc., in these towns, and that or
ders and contracts should not be placed elsewhere, except in
the interest of real economy.
On the evening of August 14, 1889, the executive com
mittee met the chairman of the various sub-committees for
conference, vice chairman Shevlin, presiding. The sub-com
mittees reported progress through their chairmen, all of
whom were present.
The matter of selecting a President of the day being
brought up, eloquent and spirited remarks, setting forth the
qualifications of Hon. Chas. Dillingham to fill that post of
honor, having been made by several gentlemen present it was
Voted : That Hon. Chas. Dillingham be invited to act in the
capacity of President of the day.
This was a rising unanimous vote.
Voted : That the guests of DeWitt Clinton Lodge, and of the
Charles Chipman Post No. 132, G A. R., be furnished dinners by
the committee. Voted : That a press committee of three be appointed ; that
the entertainment committee provide a table in front of the
speakers for the reporters ; that F. H. Burgess and the secretary have
full power to provide general postersj that the ball committee be
empowered to provide their own posters.
The executive committee met Aug. 24, and the following
circular was ordered printed and distributed.
Sandwich, August 26, 1889.
Information received by the committee, indicates that
the resources of the town will be taxed to their full capacity,
to provide lodging for our visitors, on the night otSept. 3.
In consideration of the fact that the generosity of friends in
Bourne, and abroad, has made the success of this celebration
possible, it is hoped by the committee that our resident house-

12
holders will be considerate enough to place at their disposal,
all their spare rooms, at a fair price. It is, of course, under
stood and expected that no person will seek to use an occa
sion of such public interest for the furtherance of extortion
ate private speculation.
Any person having rooms to spare will please report to
W. L. Nye, chairman of entertainment committee.
Pee Oedek of Executive Committee.
The executive committee met Oct. 5, with the president
in the chair. The treasurer reported |50 iu the treasury,
with some due, and it was voted that the treasurer collect
the sums due the committee.
Voted : That Rev. N. H. Chamberlain be paid ; that the
secretary write letters of thanks to Messrs. Long, Swift, Kendrick,
Nye, Pope, and Miss Conroy.
The subject of publishing the proceedings of the anniver
sary was discussed and resulted in the following : —
Resolved: That Ambrose E. Pratt be authorized to com
pile and publish the official memorial volume with the approval of
the executive committee.
The final meeting of the executive committee was held
on the evening of March 18, called to order by I. T. Jones,
Chairman, who read the statement prepared by the treasurer,
to be presented to the town at its annual meeting. The re
port showed one cent in the hands of the treasurer, with all
bills paid. It was voted that a copy of the report be trans
mitted to the town of Bourne.
It was also voted that C. M. Thompson and J. E. Pratt
be a committee to read the manuscript of the memorial vol
ume, revising it if necessary, and that their action will be a
sufficient approval of the executive committee.
At this meeting it was voted that the services and labors
of the officers of this committee deserve recognition from
the committee and the people of Sandwich. Mr. James
Shevlin presented the following :
Resolved: That the thanks of the people of Sandwich are due
to chairman I. T. Jones, for the energy displayed by him in enlisting
the sympathy of our non-resident townsmen with the celebration,
thereby securing the financial assistance that assured success.

13
Resolved : That secretary John E. Pratt merits the gratitude of
his fellow- citizens, for the faithfulness with which the laborious duties
assigned him were conducted.
Resolved: That we tender the thanks of the people of Sand
wich to treasurer Willard E. Boyden, for the admirable manner in
which he managed the finances of the celebration.

it

THE CELEBRATION.

The 250th anniversary celebration of this old Cape Cod
town and her recent offspring, the new town of Bourne,
opened at sunrise with the ringing of bells from churches,
factory and academy. Every Sandwich man turned an anx
ious look heavenwards with the first opening of his eyes,
but nobody's enthusiasm was dampened in the least, for the
weather wp,s most propitious. At an early hour the streets
were alive with sightseers and a most brilliant spectacle did
the old town present.
No such attempt at public demonstration was ever be
fore made here. From nearly every dwelling, store and public
building, especially on the line of march, drooped the nation
al colors, arranged in many unique and artistic combinations
which the taste of the decorator suggested. Shields, stars
and stripes and mottoes, were fantastically interwoven
amid the bewilderment of color and bunting, while across
Jarves street near the Old Colony station, was stretched a
huge triumphal arch with " Welcome " over the centre, be
neath which the procession passed.
Sandwich's sons and daughters, long exiled from the pa
ternal hearthstone, returned by every train and renewed old
memories and pleasant acquaintances, and there were also
within her gates, guests who are always welcome, for the
trains during that, and the day previous landed a host of liv
ing humanity.

15
The early morning trains from Provincetown and way
stations were crowded, notwithstanding extra cars had been
added. The same could be said of the special train from
New Bedford, Woods HoU and intermediate stations. The
invited guests and speakers ( with the exception of Hon. John
D. Long, who came by the regular) arrived on the special
train, as did many others, which left Boston at 7.30 A. M.,
reaching Sandwich about 10.30. When all the trains had ar
rived the streets of old Sandwich were completely thronged
with people, and probably the town never had so many per
sons within its borders on a single day. The streets were in
excellent condition as usual, thus affording a splendid oppor
tunity for both civil and military organizations to do good
marching; and with the music of five brass bands, the town
cast aside its quiei attitude of the past, awakened, and
breathed new life, as it were, and rejoiced in its fifth grand
jubilee. The special train from Provincetown and way stations
brought Frank D. Hammond Post, No. 141, G. A. R., of
Harwich, J. C. Freeman Post, No. 53, G. A. R., of Province-
town, as guests of Charles Chipman Post, No. 182, G. A. R.,
of Sandwich, Adams Lodge of Masons, of Wellfleet, and
visiting brethren of other lodges in the 28th Masonic dis
trict, as guests of De Witt Clinton Lodge, of Sandwich.
The Standish Guards, Plymouth Lodge of Masons and Ply
mouth band, came the entire distance, eighteen miles, by car
riages, arriving soon after nine o'clock, and during their stay
were entertained by De Witt Clinton Lodge.

THE PROCE

^SION.

Early in the day preparation began for the grand parade,
which was looked forward to by the throng assembled, with
as much interest, perhaps, as any event of the day. In fact,
it was most creditable, and several times during the march
the attractive features were applauded again and again.
The procession was made up as follows :
Chief MarshaU — William A. Nye.
Chief of Staff — James Shevlm; Adjutant — Charies M. Thompson.

16
Staff' Officers.
WiUiam P. Stoddard, Dr. E. B. HUl, W. H. Drew, Col. B. S. Lovell,
E. C. Swift.
Aids.
Frank Howland, Frank O. EUis.
FIEST division.
Platoon, State Police.
Geo. I. Briggs, Asst. MarshaU.
Hills Band, New Bedford, 25 pieces.
Standish Guards of Plymouth, Capt. Hennessy.
Charles Chipman Post, 132 G. A. R., Sandwich, William C.
Gifford, Commander.
Frank D. Hammond Post 141, G. A. R., Harwich, Dr. George M.
Munsell, Commander.
J. C. Freeman, Post 53, G. A. R., Provincetown, Joshua Cook,
Commander.
SECOND DIVISION.
B. B. Abbe, Asst. Marshal.
Sagamore Brass Band, 20 pieces.
Cavalcade of seventy-five Horsemen.
THIED DIVISION.
Arthur Braman, Assistant Marshal.
Middleboro Brass Band, twenty-five pieces.
DeWitt Clinton Lodge, F. & A. M., of Sandwich.
Plymouth Rock Band, twenty-five pieces.
Plymouth Lodge, F. & A. M., of Plymouth.
Members of James Otis Lodge F. & A. M., Bamstable.
Members of Adams Lodge, F. & A. M., Wellfleet.
Visiting members of other lodges.
FOUETH DIVISION.
S. I. Morse, Assistant Marshal.
Bourne Brass Band, twenty-five pieces.
President of the Day, Orator, Chaplain, Invited Guests, Speakers,
Committee of Arrangements and Committee on Entertain
ment in Carriages.
School Children in Barges.
Citizens.
The procession was formed on Jarves street after the
arrival of the regular and special trains, and marched over

17
the following route : From Old Colony Station up Jarves
street to Main to opposite the residence of Joshua T.
Faunce ; countermarch on Main to Grove, to residence of
Ezra T. Pope; countermarch on Grove to Water, School,
Main, to residence of Leander Chamberlain ; countermarch
on Main to Liberty, Factory, Freeman, State, Church*
Jarves, Main, to School, where the parade was dismissed at
the Casino at 1.30 p. M.

THE DECORATIONS.

All of the citizens of the old town entered fully into the
spirit of the occasion and joined heartily in the display. It
will, of course, be impossible to describe the numerous pri
vate decorations; nor is it proper to select any for special
commendation, where all were so good. It was frequently
remarked, however, both by strangers and invited guests,
that the decorations were characterized by novelty in color,
and excellent taste in arrangement. This was largely due
to the committee on decorations, who were liberal with
their advice and aid, together with the artistic work done
by Masten & Wells, of Boston, who had established head
quarters here.
The large evergreen arch across Jarves street, near t.he
depot, the ^t of Mr. Charles H. Nye, of Hyannis, Division
Superintendent of the Old Colony Railroad, was exceedingly
creditable to him, and to the committee having in charge its
decoration. All the decorations were elaborate, and those of historic
interest especially noticeable. Postoffice square was proba
bly the most elaborate of any. From the large elm tree,
planted years ago, there were festooned flags to all sides of
Jarves and Main streets. At the Jarves street entrance to
the square, coming from the depot was the motto :
Welcome to our Sons and Daughters.
On the easterly entrance :
Thankful for the Past, Hopeful for the Future.

18
And on the westerly side :
250th Anniversary of the Settlement.
At the old Cobb house on Main street was prettily arranged :
Sandwich. 1889. Shawme, 1639.
The Unitarian church came in foi; its full share of inter
est and attention, by its decorations and the motto over the
main entrance : 1638. First Church. 1889.
At C. E. Pope's was :
Home of the Popes for Five Generations.
At E. S. Whittemore's, a large shield was arrayed over the
front entrance bearing : 1690.
Jaeves Street: Sandwich Young Men's Mutual Im
provement Society, Sanford I. Morse, John W. Dalton, J.
Charles Stever, Fletcher Clark, Procter Bros., John Hobson,
John Murray, A. C. Southworth, Pickwick Club, George W.
Rogers, Chas. H. Burgess, George Hartwell, F. S. Pope,
Post-office, Headquarters Charles Chipman Post, G. A. R.,
B. G. Bartley and the Old Colony station
Main Street . H. G. O. Ellis, Mrs. J. Leonard, Head
quarters of Masten & Wells, George N. Chipman, Charles
W. Spurr, Willard E. Boyden, N. Y. & B. Despatch Express
Office, Central House, Capt. E. Nichols, E. S. Whittemore,
Ambrose E. Pratt, Mrs. L. A. Spring, Fletcher Clark, Mrs.
C. Hall, Mrs. Sarah Wesson, Dr. J. H. Stevens, Mrs. Kern,
William L. Nye, G. N. Chipman, Town Hall, Dr. J. E.
Pratt, J. D. Lloyd, I. T. Jones, Miss Lucinda AUyne, I. K.
Chipman, S. Wells Hunt, Mrs. Exie Bourne, B. F. Cham
berlain, Leander Chamberlain, John Perrj'.
Grove Street: B. G. Bartley, Josiah Newcomb,
Charles E. Pope, J. C. C. Ellis, Thomas Baker, Ezra T. Pope.
Water Street: F. E. Pierce, Anthony Chapouil,
F. H. Burgess, Henry Lapham, Percival Homestead, Mrs.
Linekin, Hoxie Estate, H. II. Heald.

19
School Street : Samuel Fessenden, C. M. Thompson,
Dr. G. E. White, Casino, James Ingraham, James Perry,
W. H. Heald.
Liberty Street : Seth Hargreaves, W. H. Gibbs, John
Murray, Mrs. Robert Wright, R. C. Clark.
Freeman Steeet : Geo. T. McLaughlin.
State Steeet ; Murphy Family, Mrs. J. W. Dalton,
Nicholas Lutz, James Shevlin, James Davis.
Chuech Steeet : Rev. T. F. Clinton.

AT THE CASINO.

The immense building was profusely decorated with
flags and bunting artistically arranged. Long before the
hour arrived the large auditorium was completely filled by
an appreciative audience.
The Middleboro Band furnished a selection, after which
an eloquent invocation by Rev. S. F. Upham, D. D., LL.D.,
of Drew Theological Seminary, Madison, New Jersey, was
offered. Hon. Charles Dillingham, president of the day delivered
the ADDEESS OF WELCOME.
It has fallen to me to welcome you to the celebration of
the Quarter Millennial Anniversary of the founding of Sand
wich. Two hundred and fifty years is but a short period in
the world's history; but in the history of Sandwich it takes
us back to within two years of the time when the " ten men
from Saugus," with their wives and children commenced
their struggle for existence on the shores of yonder bay,
founding the first permanent settlement by Europeans in
Barnstable county.
It is fitting that we should thus celebrate the day. It
is fitting that we should pause at times, and turn our thoughts
back upon the events of the past. What more appropriate
season can there be, than the day which marks the very
beginning of our existence as a municipality ?
Edward Everett in that eloquent oration at Barn
stable, fifty years ago to-day, said: ''I do not know bow

20
the faculty of looking before and after, which belongs
to us as rational beings, can be better employed than calling
up to grateful recollection on apjiropriate occasions, the
toils and sufferings of those, to whom, as a community, we
owe our existence. It is a pious office to the past."
Let us then, while we celebrate with joy and gladness
this day of our birth, give a passing thought, at least, to the
memory of those Godly men and women, through whose
trials and sacrifices, endured for conscience sake, and obe
dience to the Divine law, we to-day possess so goodly an
inheritance. Did time permit, we might speak of the patriotic stand
the fathers took in resisting the oppressive laws of the
mother country, the poverty and sore distress they endured
during the seven long years of war which followed, and
later when the country was rent and torn by internal strife,
of the prompt action of our people in taking up arms in
defence of the goverment which was purchased at such a
price. We cannot point to any remarkable growth in wealth or
population. The attractions of the cities and the fertile
prairies of the West, offering such fair promise of bettering
fortune, have proved stronger, than the attachment to native
soil or the ties of kindred.
Our sons and daughters are found in every state in the
Union, from the shores of the Atlantic to the slopes of the
Pacific ; carrying with them always, wherever found, those
principles so dear to our fathers' civil and religious liberty ;
planting side by side those symbols of New England's civil
ization, the church and the " free public school."
Two hundred and fifty years have passed and we have
gathered here in commemoration of the event. We have
come up, like Jews of old, to celebrate this, our fifth jubilee
year. In behalf of the ccmimittee who has arranged this
celebration, and the people of Sandwich, we bid you most
welcome. To the daughter town of Bourne, whose history is iden
tical with our own, that has responded so generously to our
invitation, old mother Sandwich extends a most cordial greet
ing. We bid her God speed, aud rejoice in her prosperity.

21
To all the sons and daughters of Sandwich, who have come
home to the maternal roof; to friends, neighbors and strangers;
to the distinguished representatives of nation or state, who
have honored us by their presence, to all our guests, from
whatever quarter they have come, we bid you a cordial wel
come, and open to you our hearts and homes.
There are, doubtless, those within the sound of my voice,
who will participate in celebrating the three hundredth anni
versary, fifty years hence. What the condition of our town
or country may then be, 'twere not wise for me to predict,
but we will hope that as now, it will be the home of a united,
free and happy people.
Here the President introduced Rev. N. H. Chamberlain,
of Bourne, as the orator of the day, who was given a hearty
welcome by all present.

ORATION BY ,REV. N. H. CHAMBERLAIN.

Fellow Townsmen, Ladies and Gentlemen:
Allow me, first of all, to congratulate you upon this, the
250th anniversary of the settlement of the ancient town of
Sandwich. In paying homage to our venerable ancestors, we
lay claim to our own heraldry among the peoples and honor
ourselves and them. For they only are able to transmit a full
civilization to posterity who are willing to learn wisdom at
the graves of their forefathers. On memorial days like this,
we break away from the cark and care of our temporal cir
cumstance and join the ceaseless procession of the human race,
to thereby secure our immortality as a part of that vast host
of man which is forever.
Birthdays, whether of men or of towns, derive their
dignity, in the eyes of the just, from the virtues and the uses
of the life commemorated ; and the recount of a great life is
a perpetual incentive to honor, in those who heed the lesson.
Certainly the story of a Pilgrim town like this, seven gener
ations long, must stimulate us all to a new sense of tlie dig
nity and duty of American citizenship and urge on the Pilgrim
blood especially, wherever it may inhabit, to imitate the per
sistency and loyalty of their forefathers in behalf of man, of
whatever color and whatever creed.
The ties which bind a man to his birth town and the ties
which bind a man to his native land, interweave themselves

23
together in the human conciousness and are always treated by
the wise with respect. If the tie of our Fatherland be some
thing grander and more imperative the tie which binds us to
our Father and Mother town is of necessity something more
intimate and personal. For an incorporated town, is both by
law and nature, an articulated and specified part of infl-
nate space ; and as men articulate and break eternity with
specified durations of time — sueh as days, years and centuries,
so meu break and articulate the surface of the earth, by towns,
states, provinces, nations. Therefore what our native town
does for us is this: out of this infinite space whose concave
is a limitless globe, " this brave, overhanging firmament,
this majestic roof, fretted with golden fire," as Hamlet phrases
it, a town gives us a specific and named abode, with metes
and bounds; our home where our cradles were, when our
mothers put us asleep ; and where perhaps after work, by
friendly hands, we are laid among our own, to cease from that
strife of life, which, if it have any use or meaning, foretells a
great peace, wherein we shall greatly love and greatly know.
Let us clearly understand each other at the outset.
When a birthday is thronged, usually some one voices the
general mind. By the courtesy of your committee, acting
for you, I have been appointed, as a native of this town, in
this passage of your festival, to speak for you as to the his
tory of Sandwich, and to voice the thoughts which naturally
arise in the minds of its citizens on an occasion like the pres
ent. As your mouthpiece, as the mouthpiece of Justly
judging men, I am bound not to discolor, distort or exaggerate
our town history, as to its trend or actual influence on public
affairs. The facts involved in the history of this town will
suffice to give it an honorable place in the history of this
commonwealth and nation ; and more no one will claim.
I hope then that I may truly express your minds, when,
first of all, (and for us all) I offer here our reverent and
grateful salutations to the memory of the dead generations
of Sandwich folk, who made this town, and out of whose
loins so many of us are. Peace, rest and eternal happiness
to them all. Next we salute those of our stock wherever
scattered over the globe, unavoidably absent from this solem
nity, wishing that wherever the blood of Sandwich strain

24
this day courses through human veins, our greeting of kin
ship aiid good will should reach. And next we send new
salutations of a long-lived friendship to all those ancient
towns of Plymouth Colony — and especially to our neigh
bors of the Cape ; towns which for more than two hundred
years have wrought, toiled, suffered, won, and lived with us
through wars, civilized and barbarian, and the crises of civil
life, side by side in building up our civilization by the sea.
Health, happiness and plenty in a pure peace to them all,
" pee smgvla s^culoeum."
Nor should we, in this expression of relationship, over
look that little gray town by the sea, laid with its dingy
brick houses for at least a thousand years along that river's
bank, into whose waters the spires of Canterbury Cathedral
almost throw their shadows — with its little gray Saxon
church, of St. Clement's on the hill above, watching over this
Cinque-Port of the mediaeval ages and Thanet island where
Julius Csesar landed and Augustine rebrought Christianity to
Britain — the town near which some of our founders lived
and from which we derive our name, Sandwich, on the river
Stour, County of Kent, Old England.
With these salutations in your name, I approach my
theme, TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTY YEARS OF SANDWICH LIFE.
I leave the inherent difficulties of the discussion in the
hands of the just who will know how to weigh them. It in
volves reference to religious movements about which men
have differed bitterly — none more so than our Pilgrim an
cestors themselves. The roots of Sandwich History have
been analyzed at Plymouth Rock, again and again for more
than fifty years by able orators, and whatsoever they spoke
of truth, barring the circumstances of a locality, applies
with equal force to every Pilgrim town. This is a part of
the Pilgrim land and the glory or the shame of the Pilgrim
history belongs to every Pilgrim town, as well as to Ply
mouth. They have lately graced Plymouth town with a new
monument to retell the story of their fathers. Long may it
look across the sea on which they came from England to

25
found a greater empire in the West. And sometime (may it
not be late,) so generous will be their reverence for their
own history, they will insist with us that another monument
at Provincetown shall retell the story of how the Pilgrims
landed first on old Cape Cod, sailed along its shores, trav
ersed its wilds, were fed on its Indian corn, and finally buf
feted with storm and the winter's cold, found refuge in Ply
mouth harbor. Let me attempt then a little history ahd
towards its roots. On exactly what grounds then, of reason
and common sense, do you base an anniversary like this, and
in memory of your fathers ? Not chiefly because many of
you are their descendants who abide in the old home and filial
piety is venerable in any man ; not because they were emi
grants here and suffered hardships, since others have fared as
ill; not because they cleared these fields and built roads
across them ; not because they built up this town with sober
venerable houses, some of which remain ; not even that they
established schools, and churches. Not even filial pride nor
affection — not even what I may call the form and circum
stance of the Pilgrim life lie at the roots of this day's honor.
What then ? This Pilgrim town is entitled to its unwasting
record, today and a thousand years hence as well, because
here in the 17th century of our Lord came certain men who
with their brethren elsewhere in this New England brought
with them two root and kindred ideas which control this
land and which are destined to control the future of man
kind — the ideas pf jeligious an dciyil liberty — the idea that
man is to bear his destiny in hisjogmright hand^ungESned ;
ideas^which carry with them the coroIla^ryriate~to be arrived
at in our slow processes of human logic, that this world
bedDng§_of^ight_aji(i^ternaL_fitness, not to^ hieraf chiesLar-
istocra^ies^r dynasties but to the peoples of the world, and
thj;t_there_shall Jiejio^nal__peace^ on earth until man comes
to,hi,s^reat_estate3 brought these ideas here, I say, and made
this town a cradle to nurse them in — guarded and defended
that cradle; and when time was, gave with their brethren
in the events of two centuries and a half to this nation these
two ideas which dominate the land. I do not deny to any
other man or any other set of men their just claim as fellow
workmen in laying the foundations of this republic, nor am

26
I ignorant of the toil and sacrifice elsewhere. I admit
frankly that in many ways the Pilgrims were earthen vessels.
I.mily_iiisist Jhatthe treasurejbself^was^terl^^ of
that King's miuTuuEhflm is^ no variableness neither_shad,flg'
of turiiing; I know that the Pilgrimsdidliotcven discover
this treasure but inherited it as a trust — that most of them
never knew the high price it would bear in this market of
the West ; that in their laws and social tempers they were
perpetually crossing the trend of their own ideas — that in
their movement, as so often happen among men, they builded
wiser than they knew. What I maintain is that these men
held and preserved more firmly, yes more fiercely than any
other set of men of English blood the two root ideas from
which this nations derives its institutions. I am the more
anxious to be explicit here, because whenever there is a new
and justifiable oration at Plymouth Rock there is sure to be a
gnashing of the teeth elswhere. North or South, urban or
rural. That the Pilgrims were not angels but only men, of
ten narrow, fallible, faultful men ; that they were neither a
force nor a law of nature and therefore liable to make mis
takes and wander from their own ideas — in short that the
form and circumstance of what I now call for the first time
in this address, Puritanism was temporal and full of errors
may go without contradiction and even with a frank assent.
But for any man in the light of history to assert among the
wise that the Puritan did not bring with him the corn and
oil and wine on which nations may feed themselves to great
ness, is as futile as though a man should snatch at the atmos
phere with his teeth, to rend it.
Allow me here, a moment, to remove a little obstacle
from the mind of any exact and careful listener who may
have noticed that I have just used the word Puritan as inter
changeable with Pilgrim. I have done it advisedly and as
necessary to the freedom of my discussion. In my judg
ment the distinction now in common use, made between the
Pilgrim and the Puritan, is one that so far as it is valid
must deal with surfaces and temporalities. The substances
.and eternities of the truths they held were the same in each.
The Puritan and Pilgrim were two chips from the same
blockA^ Only the Pilgrim wood was from the south or more

27
sunny side of the tree. The Puritan was the genus; the
Pilgrim the species. All men are human beings, yet some
men are not blondes. In history the color does not count;
the genus does. All Pilgrims were Puritans; but all Puri
tans were not Pilgrims. The heart of Massachusetts Bay
and the heart of Plymouth Colony were of one blood.
What matters it, if in their great civic and religious evolu
tion, the arc of the heart throbs sometimes differed. The
Pilgrim and the Puritan prove their unity even by a diver
sity. I use the terms, henceforth within these limits, as in
terchangeable. The actual settlement of the town of Sandwich dates
from April 3, 1637, when as appears from Plymouth records
"it is also agreed by the court that these ten men of Saugus,
Edmund Freeman, Henry Feake, Thomas Dexter, Edward
Dillingham, William Wood, John Carman, Richard Chad-
well. William Almy, Thomas Tupper and George Knott
shall have liberty to view a place to sit down and have suffi
cient lands for threescore families, upon the conditions pro
pounded to them by the governor and Mr. Winslow." On
ly three of these names, Freeman, Dillingham and Tupper,
still appear here. The same year came fifty other under
takers, as the new citizens were called, chiefly from Lynn, or
Saugus, Duxbury and Plymouth, most of them bringing their
families, and a Pilgrim Church was set up the same year Un
der the care of Rev. William Leverich. The names of ' these
men which are still here are, Allen, Besse, BlackweU, Bod
fish, Bourne, Briggs, Burgess, Ewer, Fish, Hallett, Harlow,
Holway, Landers, Nye, Skiffe, Wing. In a list of persons
between the age of sixteen and sixty liable in 1643 to bear
arms, these other Sandwich names appear, Ellis, Gibbs,
Swift. In 1654 in a subscription for building a town mill
first appear the names Tobey, Bassett. The next year
(1655) in a subscription to build a new church appears the
name of Perry. The Popes I think came later on; the Fes-
sendens at the settlement of their ancestor Rev. Benjamin
Fessenden in 1722, and are, as they well know, out of Kent.
Freeman sums up this matter of the permanency of names, so
far as it has any scientific value by saying, " the names of
some fifteen of the earliest settlers have with the addition of

28
a few others, soon succeeding, been the prevailing patronym
ics to the present day."
A trading post, not a settlement, had been established
in the west part of Sandwich at Manomet as early as 1627
for facilitating trade between Plymouth and the Dutch of
New York and in that year the Dutch Secretary De Razier
had paid a visit to Plymouth in a business way, going by
Scusset Harbor and bringing sugar, linen stuffs etc. Pieces
of glass bottles are the chief relics of late years which have
been picked up at this fort; a homely fact which illustrates
probably the Dutch, — and possibly the English.
This town was incorporated and became a civic part of
Plymouth Colony in 1639, some two years after its actual
settlement and the same year sent its deputies to assist in
the Pilgrim government. In order of time it was the fourth
town in the Colony. The reason why the incorporation of
this town was thus delayed, as against usage, was probably
this, allowing for the caution and tenacity with which the
Plymouth people always held to their vested rights in their
own territory, the jealousy with which they shared them, and
the need there was in their political crises which were al
ways upon them, to look out that no set of men, hostile to
their colonial policy^ should have any hand in ruling, as an
incorporated town would have, — the men who came here first,
were not only men from abroad in Massachusetts Bay, but
as affairs in the earlier years of this town shows, men resolute,
self-reliant, impatient of restraint, eyen beyond ordinary Pil
grim measure; men who would make their own mark and
swear by it at whatever cost, and who did put their mark up
on this town and left it there till now. I fancy they came
here to worship God and make money, thinking a frontier
town, as this was, a singularly convenient and likely place
wherein to be let alone. That is why the incorporation of
this town was two years late. Miles Standish ran the lines
of this town when Plymouth ordered it to be laid out — that
mysterious and incongruous Pilgrim of whom Hubbard writes
" A little chimney is soon on firfe, so was the Plymouth Cap
tain, a man of very small statue yet of a very hot and an
gry temper." It is safe to say that the lines were run exact
ly as Miles saw fit.

29
I may not suppose that there were omens in it, but the
fact is that the settlement of this town was preceded by a
storm and followed by an earthquake ! I quote the storm from
Gov. Bradford to show you one color on the land to which
your forefathers came. "In 1635 a mighty storm, sea rose
twenty feet and many climb into the trees. Blew down
many thousands of trees, tearing up the stronger by the rootSj
breaking the higher pines in the middle and winding small
oaks and walnuts of good size, as withes. It began south
east and parted towards the south and east and veered suiir
dry ways. The wrecks of it will remain a hundred years."
The shock of the earthquake, June 1, 1638, " was so violent
in some places that movables in houses were thrown down
and people out of doors could scarcely retain a position on
their feet."
How exactly our fathers reached this town, then a wild,
we cannot say. Any bulky furniture of theirs must have
come by sea, and probably into Scusset harbor, since years
after, both Sandwich and Plymouth are complained of for
not keeping the road between them suitable for man and
horse. Wagons there were none, and years after the settle
ment, before we were blessed with a mill, there were
Sandwich folk who trudged all the way to Plymouth town
and back with a sack of corn to grind, and as late as Judge
Sewall's time the travel was on horseback and most of the
way, along the beach at the foot of yonder sand bluffs. It
may reasonably be supposed that most — men and women
and children with their cattle, came along the Indian trail
and would get their first view of their new home somewhere
at the cui"ve of the Cape, in the neighborhood of the pres
ent meeting house in Sagamore.
Most were no doubt on foot, some women with babes,
on pillions and a swarm of little folks, boys and girls on foot,
tired and dusty, yet alert and wonderful at the trail and
what lay at the end. People who go to the front or the
frontier in this world, must endure hardness and the Puri
tan emigrant seldom flinched from a toil or a foe. The Rev.
Stephen Bachelder, at the age of seventy-six, travelled the
whole distance from Lynn to Yarmouth, more than a hun
dred miles, at an inclement season of the year, on foot,

30
a weary, restless spirit, ever liable to Puritan wrath and ever
ready with a return blow, dying excommunicate at eighty.
Now in imagination let us stand aside, with uncovered
head, while this group of our forefathers and foremothers
take their first survey of what is to become their home. We
shall not disturb or distract their emotion with voice or vis
ion, wrapped about as we are with the veil of two hundred and
fifty years. What do they see? On their left the same sea
which then as now, washes the shores of the England they
have left — King over this globe's two-thirds, and vassal
prone as the highway of the people to the mastery of
the generations of those " who go down to the sea in ships."
Before them — first the north contour of the Cape circling
east and north in its mighty arc, until lost in the grey mists
beyond ; — next the walls and buttresses of the white beaches
with here and there great patches of timber on them — then
the salt marshes with their creeks winding at fiood tide like
silver threads to the harbour, very much as they do now ; —
and everywhere else around, the wild, the unbroken forest
crowning the hill ridges which create and back the amphi
theatre in which your town is set, a forest then so stately
that for generations after, men on horseback shall ride
through it unhindered; — no house, no church spire to greet,
not a cleared field, no home except it be the wigwam whose
smoke through the wigwam's top, rises thin and blue against
the pine leaves ; solitude, — no movement of man or beast, ex
cept it be when a deer or wolf crosses their trail or an In
dian slinks away from this humble cavalcade of pale faces, or
an eagle floats lazily over Sagamore hill and the white
winged gulls at your harbour's mouth, restless and queru
lous as ever,  these and liberty.
While they look, let us look at them. Believe me it is
a singular spectacle. I invite now no man to look upon it
who does not reverence man in history ; no one who is indif
ferent to that awful genesis of humanity by which the men of
the East have attained to this empire of civilization in the
West. Base indeed would he be who would enjoy a civiliz
ation won by the sacrifices and heroisms of his ancestors and
forgot them at the feast. First of all then who are these
men and women in this sand trail, facing this wild? Of

31
what stock are they ? — siitce blood in mej^and^brutes^always
Qounts_and_accounts for conduct and careers. They are of
English stock. What is that7 ^1 that isTno man can tell
you. These men and women — white emigrants in the red
man's land are by origin Asiatics ; of a barbarian stock out
of that teeming cradle of Central Asia, north of the Him
alaya mountains — whence in three great migrations —
Celtic, Teutonic, Slavonic — came the peoples of Central and
Northern Europe. ("These people are of the second — the
Teutonic hordes, kin to the German tribes on whom Csesar
tried the short swords of his legions, and who after defeats
smote down the latter Roman Empire to build upon its ruins
in a thousand years a better ; — strangely mixed too with
that kindred Norse or Scandinavian blood of North Europe,
the sailor bloodTT taEeJUi_pf jnodern ages — that Danish THood
ouToF"tEe Viking's ships which ravished North England
many times to a desert and then repeopled it ; the blood of that
William Conqueror and his Normans made a trifle more gra
cious in sunny Normandy, who eight hundred years ago with
men in his ranks with names still heard in your streets, upon
that hill ridge at Hastings and near that ancient apple tree
of history, late in that unsparing battle where with locked
shields the Saxons had stood and won all day, until the up
shot arrows of the Normans down falling with fate upon
their pj-oud but stricken heads, broke at evening through
their fence, smote down Saxon England, to give her the new
dynasty of the Plantagenets and perhaps a grander future ;
yes — that blood so stubborn, wilful, proud and masterful,
that when the same William Conqueror was carried to his
grave, a common Norman man stood forth, forbidding burial,
because that grave was dug in his father's land, which this
King had, against law, taken : that blood so law-abiding, that
they who bore the corpse yielded to justice and bought, with
the King's money, an honest grave elsewhere, that England's
conqueror might share a clemency never to be denied the
poorest Saxon serf who wore that day his master's Norman
collar — as our dogs do — Danish, Norman, Saxon, Teu
tonic — English blood)
^Do you wonder that such a stock has succeeded in
New England — always — that these people here did build

32
and maintain this town? Do you wonder that this blood
to-day is liable to its outbreaks, arrogancies — and sometimes
cruelties, as in King Phillip's war ? Do you wonder that in
every generation of Sandwich — in your town meetings —
which are the Alltings of the Teutonic races —the gather
ings of all the people — men have stood to their "Yea " or
their "Nay" until the sun went down and the meeting went
home, leaving the moderator and the town clerk to despair?
Or that inside and outside your meeting-houses, men and
women have wrangled over mysteries that no man knows
and few men have even studied, with a self assertion only
justifiable in the Infallible?)
How came then these men and women here? What
urged this singular, this dominant blood to emigrate across
the Atlantic ocean and hide itself in a wilderness ? Let un
friendly critics answer what they like — vagrancy, lust of
money, lust of power, incompatibility of temper as to other
men, divorcing them from their native church and state —
anything they choose or dare. I explain the why of their
presence by saying that these men and women are Puritans.
What is a Puritan ? The answer should be cautious, because
in it one finds the key to the history of our republican insti
tutions, so far, and of many things otherwise hard to be un
derstood in the history of Plymouth Colony. Well then, —
before the year 1300, that is before the printing press, or the
discovery of America, there were in North England a sing
ular, set of men, of reformers we will say, called Lollards.
(All. the great English reforms, they say, have come from
North England, thanks perhaps to the Norse blood so plenty
therg) These Lollards were bred apparently in the homes
of plain English country folk, and the head of them appears
in history as John Wickliffe, priest at Lutters\Korth. How
these men came no man exactly knows. " The wind bloweth
where it listeth and we hear the sound thereof but cannot
tell whence it cometh or whither it goeth." This body of
English folk, 150 years before the reformation, made revolt
against the church and, when punished by the secular au
thorities, grew bitter against the state. Indeed I know no
bitterness in religious controversy so acute as theirs. Their
tracts, copied with the pen and scattered through the land,

83
and of late years made accessible to us in the publications
of the Camden society, are chiefly wails and curses. The
poems of Piers Plowman and of early English poets
are colored with the like temper. The trend of their
movement may be seen in the fact, that their great leader,
Wickliffe, translated, for the first time, the Bible into Eng
lish. The movement was wild, often unled, given to falling
into grotesque theories of communism, and into ways of
thought which most sober minds to this day are unable to
accept — the outbreak of a deep-seated instinct of the North
England mind, veiled and limited by its ignorance — but yet
an undoubted factor in the lives of the common people of
England from before 1300 A. D. to the reformation in the
16th century. It was the men of this strain and of the com
mon people who, in the English reformation, still under the
ban of English law, gave unexpected aid to sovereigns and
great reforming prelates, less sincere and worthy often
than themselves, and who never flinched from the stake or axe
in maintaining reform. These men now found themselves rein
forced by new allies out of the upper classes, who proceeded
to clarify the hot, fermenting and clouded liquor of their
strange religious zeal with the learning of Cambridge and
Oxford. In these Lollards ^yJ;herj)qt_of_Eii^islLPwjita^^
ism,_and_iiLiheLreign of Elizabeth the Mme.Puritan^agpears
t5_cqyir_them_all. TTwIirbe^readily seen that LoUardism i
was a revolt against two corporate bodies — the English/
Church and the English State who punished for the Church;
a refusal of the relations heretofore existing between the
people and these corporate bodies; a demand for anew valu-j
ation of man as man; and for a new adjustment of every*
human being with those two great bodies, — ecclesiastical f
and political, which had dominated Englishmen from time im- j
memorial. It was inevitable in such a movement that the
claims of the individual man should be magnified and multi
plied ; that he who had been governed was now to rule, and
that the questionable grace and health, which had heretofore
descended to him from a long line of kings and bishops, should
now ascend from him, and that if thrones were to stand, the
man upon it must represent the people and not a dynasty —
a radical theory of pure democracy based upon a religious

S4
instinct, wise or otherwise, as time will tell. Here then was the
^got of English Puritanism. It is true thaFthe new learn-
ing and the new accessions to the old cause of the Lollards
both checked and colored it, and that too not altogether
wisely. For instance, the new Puritans of Elizabeth's age
had accepted for their religious philosophy, the system of
the foreigner and Frenchman Calvin, whose doctrine of elec
tion, to wit, that only the church of God could be on earth
the sons of God, narrowed the broader Lollard doctrine that
every man, because he is a man, is a son of God. Upon this
doctrine of election both Pilgrim and Puritan buUt his com
monwealth and upon the wider basis, the Lollard temper in
Quaker, Baptist, and all who resented the standing order
which ruled men who were not allowed to rule themselves,
protested until all men became equal before the law which is
for all men. (jf there be any other than a surface distinction
between Pilgrim and Puritan, it is that there was more of
the old England Lollard temper at Plymouth than at Boston^
Thisjwas the ancient treasiire^broiightin^ajth^ —
the Anglo ^axon idea of a pure democracy in Church and
o  ___^  .  - -^  — «- — — — «  — . —  1/~  — ¦ —  —
S tate ^nd jffiisjs why_qur ^jicestor s^ ar e^ standing i n an In
dian trail — pilgriins_to^_wiM wMchJjy^ thei^
wilr_maEe a stu^neTOT airtbeirgen era tions. Let them pass
oh to theirToin They do noFEnowliirthis. They have no
idea that they are anything else than tired folk seeking a
home. So often in our humble affairs the gods go with us
and yet we think ourselves alone.
The story of the town life of Sandwich, from 1639 till
to-day may, as a matter of mere convenience, be divided in
to these four periods: I. From the incorporation of the
town as a part of Plymouth Colony to the absorption of that
colony into the Province of Massachusetts in 1692; 11. From
1692, until the . Revolution, 1776; III. The Revolution pe
riod 1776-1783; IV. From 1783 to 1889.
Some preparation had probably been made beforehand
for the reception of these Pilgrim families — possibly some
temporary booths, as the sheds are sometimes called in the
old records, but we have no information. The farms had
been allotted to each proprietor and each would go to his own
as soon as possible. It is a tradition, and a certainty, that

35
most halted a mile or so west of your present town centre in
the neighborhood of what we all know as the Freeman place,
and along what is now the back road, which runs north and
westerly near Town Neck towards Sagamore. Some of your
oldest houses and best lands are still there. As one in these
days coming along these roads to your town sees over the hill
tops the chimneys and spires of Sandwich, and reflects that
hereabouts were the first homes, one is reminded of that an
cient scripture so dear to the Puritan mind, " And he led the
flock to the backside of the desert and came to the moun
tain of God, even to Horeb."
That they set to work speedily to clear, each man his
own farm, may go without saying. It may not be without
interest to note, in passing, the origin of your titles to your
real estate here. In brief it was thus : the English crown
claimed sovereignty here on the ground that its subjects had
discovered the country — a rather flimsy title, one would say,
but exceedingly convenient if the crown wished more land,
and one then in vogue in Europe. Plymouth Colony inher
ited, so to speak, under the crown. But having a conscience,
our fathers thought it fit to extinguish the title of the In
dians, whom they found in possession, by purchase from the
Indian chiefs in form of an English deed. Whether they
paid less or more, the transaction was orderly, and Governor
Winslow's words in 1675 will stand as history, "Before the pres
ent trouble" (King Philip's War) broke out, the English did
not possess one foot of land in the colony but what was
fairly obtained by honest purchase of the Indian proprietors."
Whether the Indian knew what he was selling, and thought
to sell only a right, common to both parties, to fish, hunt and
dwell in the land, as his fathers had, is quite another ques
tion, which, in King Philip's War, was settled with the sword,
quite as our Civil War settled some things without appeal.
Our forefathers certainly knew what they bought. From
Plymouth Colony the Sandwich settlers bought, upon plain
conditions and a fixed price, their right to the town, as propri
etors, each receiving land allotments according to what he
paid, certain lands remaining in common, under control of the
town, and as need was, divided among the citizens in the same
ratio. The way your Town Neck is held to-day, is, I sup-

86
pose, one of the last relics in New England of lands so held
in common. No man could be a citizen but a church mem
ber, and church members might be cold or strange. From
this, you may see, why both Sandwich. and the colony would
be very careful who were made citizens here, and why, if they
differed, as to who should be citizens, as they did, there would
be trouble, as there was. Everybody, parson as well as peo
ple, bought and sold land, which ranged from a shilling an
acre, both up and down. In dividing estates among heirs a
large piece of poor land was balanced by a small piece of
good land and due allowance was made for ponds which went
for nothing, and real estate in those days found a brisk mar
ket. The very next year after the incorporation of this town
Andrew Hallett sold his farm, near the tack factory and gave
this deed, " I, Andrew Hallett, of Sandwich, have sold unto
Daniel Wing of the same town, and to his heirs and assigns
forever my dwelling house in Sandwich with three acres of
land joining to it and the corn now growing upon it, with the
cow house (barn). It lieth between the land of George
Shawson and William Newland; and two acres of land at
Scusset; and five acres of planting land near Spring Hill;
and four acres, wanting one quarter, of meadow near the
Pine Neck  and one acre and a half, lying in the Neck,
being yet undivided : with all commons and all pasture and
all profits and appertinences whatsoever, thereto pertaining.
Witness my hand this twenty-eighth of July, one thousand
six hundred and forty." He makes his mark — the witnesses
are Edward Dillingham and John Wing and the clerk of rec
ord is Thomas Tupper.
How our fathers managed to clear their farms, build
their houses, and worship God on the Sabbath day, all in one
life-time, is a mystery. They had pluck and stuck. That
Barnstable woman, a widow, on record, who, at sevent^'^-five
years of age breaking up a piece of new land and holding her
self the plow, and when brought up against a stump, and thrown
by the shock quite over it, yet recovering herself and going on
as usual, is perhaps an extreme type of the people, who
cleared Sandwich fields. No one, I think of the earliest
houses here, or on the Cape now remains, a fact which would
seem to show that these houses were rather frail structures.

37
The fact that in 1644 the Sandwich meeting-house was called
"old" and had to be repaired is sufficient proof. The houses
of which we have account were generally set by compass,
north and south, with the front south for the winter sun, and
so on clear days serving as a sundial to mark noon, (for there
were no watches) or on a south-easterly hUl slope away from
the wind and near a spring, and were of two grades, accord
ing to the wealth of their builders. The poorer class of
houses were all small, substantially of one room with a fire
place, in the middle, an oven on the back side often built out
doors, except when the house itself, as often happened, was
built into the hill bank for warmth and security of the fire
place, few windows and fewer doors and less furniture. The
timber was cut in the woods and sawed by hand aud the cost
of a house was chiefly the labor on it. The sill was laid on
the ground, the floor was laid on sleepers below the sill which
projected into the room all round, and served as a seat for
children and to stow, away household driftwood. Into this
sill beam they bored two parallel rows of holes, some six
inches apart. In these holes they set upright poles sharpened
at either end, the upper end entering the plate above. They
filled in the space between these poles with stones and clay
to make firm walls and then they thatched the roof with
what we call hereabouts "creek stuff" or "thatch." I
should call a house like this a cabin — but it was not a " log
cabin." in proof that this house penury is not over colored,
I have only to cite from your own town records of 1650,
when it was agreed upon by the town that there shall be a
levy of £5 for Mr. Leveridge " (the first minister) to pay
for removing and parting of his house with boards which
was long since promised to be done for him by the town."
If the parson lived in substantially an unpartitioned barn,
his parishioners probably fared no better. Such houses in
deed were not expensive. Andrew Hallett's house in Barn
stable in 1648 was "latched, thatched and daubed," as the
phrase was, for £5. Considering the greater purchasing
power of money then, and yet this was a very cheap housfe.
But perhaps I can better show you how .the forefathers
lived, hereabouts, by describing one of the better houses built
in Barnstable in 1642 and taken down some sixty years ago,

38
when the timbers were found to be as sound as ever. This
was a larger house, 22 feet front ; 26 feet rear ; front room 16
feet square ; low in the walls, with a summer beam across
the front room, parallel with the front wall ; a kitchen back,
and a bedroom in north-east corner, with low walls and floor
some two feet above the other floors to make room for the
cellar underneath. There was also a front chamber over the
main room reached by a ladder and with a small fire-place in
it. The rest, I fancy, above stairs, was garret. The front
chamber was usually reached by a ladder and the kitchen
back stairs were often a round pine log rising at an angle of
some 45 degrees from the kitchen floor with cleats nailed on
it or notches made in it, by which people mounted to their
beds under the eaves. Persons proposing that feat of life and
limb, ought to have had clear heads and to have been home
early. The walls of a house like this were built very much
as those I have heretofore described. But there was no plas
tering in any house hereabouts till after 1700. Yet the daub
ing with clay would make a house comfortable. The fire
place was the main feature of all such old houses. It was 8
feet wide, 4 feet deep and 5 1-2 feet high, so that a tall house
wife could go to her oven in the right-hand corner without
stooping. There was a hook on each andiron to hold the
spit, on which to roast meats. The narrow mantle-piece of
wood was the whole length of the fire-place and the broad
hearth was of flat stones from the field. The chimney was
of rough stones up to the chamber fioor, and from thence of
cobwork, i. e., of sticks fastened or framed together and
daubed inside and out with clay and sometimes mortar. From
the shell heaps of the Indians they made admirable lime, and
laws were passed at an early date to prevent the carrying
shells out of the colony for that purpose. There was no
glass in these houses, but oiled paper was used instead. The
front roof was always shorter than the back ; the second story
often projected over the first in a broad cornice. They were
often added to by Cantos. The house I last described, in
1825 covered more than four times its original ground. Bet
ter houses in rare cases came in, as men had more money and
more leisure, before 1700. Bricks of a very large size
made their appearance, and sawed lumber from Scituate,

89
where were saw mills ; diamond-shaped glass, set in lead; front
stairs, and sound, fat chimneys, plaster, wood finish and more
rooms. Yet there are few houses, even of this later date, re
maining either in Barnstable or Sandwich. Perhaps the
Bourne house, fronting your common, built, I suppose, by
Hon. Meltiah Bourne, who married in 1692-93, for his bride,
probably about that time, is as good a specimen as any ex
tant in this town. The old square, fat, dignified houses
about your lower mill pond and along the Falmouth road are
all, I take it, after 1700, and some after the Revolution. It is
a great pity that specimens of our old houses cannot be pre
served in every Pilgrim town, if necessary, at the public ex
pense and oversight as public monuments. Posterity will
miss them bitterly; and neither they nor we can re-create the
Pilgrim antiquity.
Now a word as to your ancient meeting-houses. Your
first meeting-house, several times repaired, was rather small,
looked probably very much like a thatched barn, with oiled
paper windows and wooden shutters ; and all traces ofit have
disappeared. It stood near the site of the present meeting
house of the first parish ; was used, as was the house which
succeeded it, for your town meetings, which opened with
prayer, as did all the military drills, aud was the centre of
the town activities. In front of it. and at the junction of the
roads was the market place where bargains were made, goods
delivered or exchanged. The old market place very much
resembles the one at Plymouth, and the one at Barnstable at
the west foot of Meeting House Hill, at the junction of
roads there, and looks at least in size and location very much
as any market place in the country towns of England of
that date. House building of all kinds improved as property
accumulated, and your second meeting-house on the same
site was a much better and larger building erected in 1756.
After all its enlargements and during all its years it looked
the very beau ideal of a Puritan meeting house — certainly
as broad as long and must have been a comfortable homelike
structure. The plan shows galleries and doors on three sides
— the pews were square with seats on hinges so as to be
lifted up when the worshippers stood in prayer, two tables, I
suppose for hymn books, in the middle, the deacon's seat un-

40
der the pulpit, with square pews each side the pulpit, and
round the four sides of the house ; to the honor of our fore
fathers, behind the front or transverse aisle before the pulpit,
and running the whole width of the building, on the right of
the main aisle, as one looked from the pulpit, seats for aged
women, and on the left, seats for aged men. The galleries
were also rich in aisles with square pews round the sides
with front seats for men and women, divided as below. The
male and female singers sat in the choir separate in the same
order, at the end opposite the pulpit and the two corner pews
farthest from the pulpit, with the like division of the sexes,
were given over to Indians, negroes and mulattoes. After the
enlargement of 1756, the pews, having sold for more than the
outlay, a steeple was ordered, and a new bell ; also that
doors be put to the seats below ; curtains be placed at such
windows as are exposed to the sun, and that a place be pro
vided for the colored people, that they be not allowed to sit
below, or on the stairs. Mordecai Ellis and Joshua Fish were
appointed " to take caare of the young people who are often
very rude on the Lord's day, and when any do offend return
them to a Justice of the Peace to be dealt with according to
the law." It appears that two young misses were fined in
1767 for laughing in meeting, and afterward upon petition
the town remitted the penalty. I need only to mention as I
paas on, the meeting-house built at Scusset about 1725, the
fruits of a very curious schism in Sandwich parish, parts of
which, not long ago, served as a barn door in Pocasset, and
the timbers of the building, some time after 1800, were used
to build the meeting-house on the hill at upper Pocasset.
I wish, however, to point out the fact, novel to some of
you, that the first meeting-house built in the English fashion,
that is of sound and lasting material, was one curiously
enough, for the Indians at Herring River, on that sporadic
hill standing alone, and backing west on the river where are
still rows of Indian graves in the grass, and the foundation
lines of this house still visible, bujlt at the expense of Judge-
Samuel Sewall, of Boston, by Edward Milton, carpenter, and
under the supervision of Capt. Thomas Tupper, then and
long after a missionary to the Indians. The description and
details of this building are in the Diary and Letter Book of

41
Judge Sewall, lately published by the Massachusetts Histori
cal Society. Let me read a few extracts.
Sept. 26, 1687. To Edward MUton, carpenter at Sandwich.
Capt. Thos. Tupper tells me that he hath bargained with you to
build a convenient, comfortable meeting-house for the natives at
Sandwich ; the dimensions about four and twenty foot in length,
about eighteen foot broad, with two galleries to be finished for
thirty pounds, not above one-third in money. Now if it may in any
way forward the work, I do engage that upon the finishing of the
work, you shall not miss of your pay. I am your friend and servant,
Samuel Sewall.
April 13, 1688, Elder Chipman visits me and teUs me that the
Indian meeting-house at Sandwich is raised.
To Mr. Edward Milton, July 9, 1688.
I received yours of the 3d inst. In answer to it, say that
upon Capt. Tupper's sending me word that the house is ceiled as it
ought to be, I wiU pay you five and twenty shillings in money to you
or to your order. If it be not well fiUed between the clapboards and
the ceiling, I doubt the house wUl be cold. S. S.
Dec. 3, 1690.
Writ' to Edward MUton at Sandwich to finish the meeting
house there, by making and weU hanging the doors, clapboarding in
the inside weU and fiUing the waUs with shavings or other suitable
matter for warmth, making the gallery stairs ; and I would pay him
40S money. Writ to Mr. Faunce, of Plymouth, and Jno. Otis of
Bamstable, to glaze weU the meeting-house which Capt. Tupper
saith is about 60 foot of glass and I would pay in money as glaziers
are paid in Boston. Capt. Tupper to certify that the work was done.
N. B. Send 1000 of clapboards nails.
Sept. 14, 169,1.
Writ to Capt. Thomas Tupper to hasten finishing the meeting
house. Inclosed Edward MUton's affidavit.
Standing thus among the old meeting-houses reminds us
that in our Pilgrim civilization, the church was the very heart
of the state, and so far as the Pilgrim conscience set things
spiritual above things material, the state existed for the
church, and for a time there was the most intimate union
of chujch and state known in history. This fact of a church
so dom.inaijit, colors the whole civic life of ancient Sandwich

42
and determined its municipal regulations. The Puritan,
after he had made a law, enforced it, on the ground that any
law become a dead letter on the statute book, helps kill
respect for law. Several of the leading men of this town,
not two years after its settlement, and scattered on farms all
the way from Sagamore to Scorton Hill, were fined for not
wiring their swines' snout ; not because the swine had done
mischief, but that the law might suffer no damage. _ These
fines were paid. It was ordered that any person denying the
scriptures to be a rule of life should be flogged at the discre
tion of the magistrates, saving only life and limb. The law
fined in the Colony a man 10s. for drinking overmuch; 12s.
for a man's smoking on the highway ; 80s. for Sabbath break
ing and set one hour in the stocks ; for working on Sunday,
a man was whipped severely at the whipping post ; a man
for selling beer at two pence per quart, worth only one, was
presented by the Grand Jury ; while yet another, for selling
a pair of boots and spurs for 15s. which cost him only 10s.,
was fined 30s. Laws like these enforced in some towns now,
would, I fancy, make several empty purses and sore backs.
There was a law in both colonies substantially to this effect ;
" Whereas divers person unfit for marriage, both in regard to
their years and also their weak estate, (that is, too young and
lacking shekels) some practising the inveighling of men's
daughters, and maids under guardianship, contrary to their
parents and guardians liking, and of maid servants without
liberty of their masters ; therefore, it is decreed that if any
man make motion of marriage to any man's daughter or
maid, without first obtaining leave of her parents, guardian
or master, he shall be punished by fine not exceeding £5
(the price of a cow) or corporal punishment, or both, at the
discretion of the court." I suppose a law like this made
trouble for the callow swains, but must have been a real com
fort to the Pilgrim matrons with marriageable daughters.
That law also was put in force, even in the case of a govern
or's daughter. There was no law against the daughters pro
posing. Then as now they were a law unto themselves.
There was also a Sandwich law forbidding a young man to
marry unless he had killed his quota of blackbirds, demanded
by the town. That was a hard one — for the birds and the

43
young man also. I have always pitied him going out afield
with his guij. Birds and a wife or no birds and no wife ; so
the law said. How could he shoot straight, so perturbed !
I am sure — was he not a Pilgrim? — that he got his birds
and she smiled on her husband. Old men over 70 years of
age were excused from the blackbirds.
Let me make these blackbirds the text for a digression.
Unfriendly critics are always saying that the Puritans were a
quarrelsome set and given to war. Suppose they were.
Was there not a cause ? They had quarrelled with an an
cient church and crown, but unless our American democracy
is a mistake, they took therein sides with man and his great
destiny. Here in New England, the Puritan was by fate, a war
rior ; always either preparing arms or using them. Why
not? On this sea-board, going out with his vessel on the
high seas often, never in those days vacant of pirates, he
was exposed at home and on his voyage to the fate of war,
on every occasion when the British crown involved itself in
a struggle with Dutch, French or Spaniard. He was alone
on the edge of the sea, and England three thousand miles
away, in an unknown wilderness, peopled with savages, strong
tribes of which dwelt almost at his door. Is it any wonder
that Edmund Freeman gave twenty corslets of steel to his
townsmen, or that Sandwich in time of peace and in its pov
erty, agreed to pay butter and meal to the man going to buy
them arms? If at any time, prior to the end of the last
French war, they had disarmed or forgot to drill, they would
have been reckless beyond any measure of common prudence,
and even then, the rumble of the coming Revolution was
heard by the wiser sort. I am not ready to deny that a
weaker race, like the French or Spanish might not have suc
cessfully encountered any one of the distresses, which the
Puritan underwent. Their colonial history shows that they
never could have conquered them all. The Puritan carried
about with him a heavy pack of trials. Take the vermin
and enemies of his crops for instance. Wild pigeons in
flocks, blackbirds, then as now, clamorous and greedy, wolves
more than enough, foxes to kill his lambs, and the forest
teeming with multitudes of meaner brutes, by day and night
gnawing away at his success in farming ; and he killed right and

"44
left, whatever in land or water molested him, as grimly and
industriously as though he were in a campaign. In the year
1792 all the men of this town were called out to hunt a
wolf. The Spanish colonists over the southern half of this
western continent succumbed to the overplus of the land's
natural riches and became shiftless and lazy. The Puritan
wrestled with an adverse soil and climate, to live and grow
rich in a society full of frugality, industry and economic
foresight, — moulding his circumstance to his will. Is it any
wonder that, in this constant strife for life, he was sometimes
hard, stiff-necked, wilful or even cruel ? " No man," said
Goethe, "should judge another until he has stood in his
place." Again ; they blame the Puritan that he did not affil
iate with the Indians as the French in Canada, or even the
Spaniards did. Well, they have the hopeless mixed race of
the peons in Mexico, and the half-breeds in Canada. One
thing, at least, is true of the Puritans, except those of the
baser sort. He was too proud of his blood to taint it. He
carried himself with a haughty reserve in his intercourse
with the friendly but abject race which was about him, but
he never incurred the danger, so frequently seen in history,
where the inferior race subdues the civilization of its con
querors by an admixture of servile blood. It is not the
least of his virtues that the Puritan left New England to the
English. The Pilgrim had a great respect for the laws, for he
made them, and in them, he respected his own sober judg
ment. The same respect for law to this day, abides deep-
seated in the men of that stock. If the Pilgrim law could
punish, it could also protect, and our forefathers always
stood upon their rights. If a man would plough across his
neighbor's line, there was either a lawsuit or an arbitration.
Dexter, who built your first mill sued Gov. Endicott in his
own colony for striking him, and at the March term of court
in 1648-49 he had eight cases, and recovered in seven. The
same Dexter held out six years against the town of Barnsta
ble, as to his rights on Scorton Neck, and gained his case but
lost money. 1 may as well illustrate the current temper of
your ancestors in law matters by quoting Gov. Endicott's
answer to the court in Boston, 1631. " I hear I am com-

46
plained of by goodman Dexter, for striking him, understand
ing since, it is not lawful for a Justice of the Peace to strike.
But if you had seen the manner of his carriage, with such
daring of me, with his arms akimbo, it would have provoked
a very patient man. He has given out, if I had a purse he
would make me empty it, and if he cannot have justice here,
he will do wonders in England ; and if he cannot prevail
there, he will try it out with me here at blows. If it were
lawful for me to try it at blows, and. he a fit man for me to
deal with, you would not hear me complain." In the last
sentence of the governor's, you may see what I am calling the
English bloodgoing close to dominating the Puritan creed.
Dexter recovered from Gov. Endicott £10 as damages.
Your forefathers were always jealous of their town limits.
If there was any trouble with Barnstable:, as there was at
Scorton, the towns sent trusty men promptly to the ground
travelled over it,, argued it, settled it on the spot or referred
it. Sandwich folk put themselves in the place of the King
in the matter of drift whales — whales then abounding in
yonder bay. These whales belonged from time immemorial
to the crown. Plymouth claimed them as such ; but Sand
wich took them — divided the profits among the townsmen
— later on gave them by town vote, to their pastor, Rev.
Rowland Cotton, as part of his salary, just as they voted the
revenue they derived from a tax on mackerel to the suppout'
of the public schools. All this, you see, was only a Primary
school to teach their posterity, when time was Revolution
against George III. I have said before as much — this Pil
grim or Puritan had come in six hundred years to think that
a man — a human being — a soul, is a divine unit, a holy
molecule for which all things were, never to be abated in his
privilege, and over whom, by an eternal fitness, there should
be but one sovereign — God, and under him he would inherit
liberty as a birthright.
The economic and every-day phases of the old Sandwich
life, as they show across two centuries and a half are pictuT-
esque and many-colored, not a few high-colored. An old-
race in a new land is apt to beget strong contrasts, and it was
so here. Into or through this town have come and gone men
of high station, out of old lands, and the story of their lives,

46
if we could read it, would sound like the wildest romance.
There are names of citizens, on your old records, like that of
Garrett, which connect themselves, as the student of history
perceives at a glance, with some of the bitterest passages of
the English Reformation. The name of Dorsetshire, for in
stance, in a genealogical table of any family of this town,
opens the gate to a flood of meditation. Upper Cape Cod
was full of the men of Kent, to the student of history a fact
leading to some singular speculations. I wish, just here, to
point out one curious felicity, if it may be called so, in the
mixed but English population of the Old Colony. Every
English shire, as is well known, in the old days had its own
peculiar customs, legends and folklore coloring its social life.
But here our people were out of all the shires and by conse
quence here was a singular medley of legends, superstitions,
old saws, household customs and furniture, very interesting
to the student curious in such matters. There are those now
living, who touched a generation, believing in witches and the
fabled gold of Capt. Kidd, in elves and fairies fond of moon
light and the grass rings afield, where was dancing not of
this world — just as men believed in English cottages twenty
centuries back. I have heard ancient women scare a naughty
child into good behavior by the threat " I will send old TUly
after you," and I fancy that this somehow is out of the
Thirty Years war in Germany where Count Tilly, as at
Magdeburg, used the crudest sword of any upon German
Protestants, and that so came this threat into the mouths of
English mothers here and abroad. Nearly all these old cus
toms of speech and thought have passed away and are not re
corded. Their prototype and copy are undoubtedly still ex
tant in England or at least recorded in their local and shire
histories. It is there, I take it, that these more evanescent
elements of our old Colonial life still left, must be explained
and verified.There are at least two names still on this Cape, which
illustrate a singular and sinister fact in English history;
Higgins and Kelly, both Irish names. A law was passed in
the first year of William and Mary (1688) by which the in
dustries of Ireland were substantially wiped out. By conse
quence thousands of North of Ireland men emigrated to these

47
colonies, Higgins and Kelley being two of them. I fancy the
Presbyterians of North Carolina, who proclaimed their in
dependence, sometime before the Continental Congress, were
among the victims of this injustice, and that wherever these
emigrants were they were found implacable enemies of the
English crown — another instance of the old saw that
" curses like chickens fly home to roost."
Let me sketch for you a brief picture of this old-time
life and shade it with such colors as your records show. We
will make it, if you like, the third day of September in al
most any year you choose, between 1660 and 1700. We will
make it also — for we are masters of our own imagination, a
yellow, hazy, autumn day, when the golden rod bends gra
ciously towards the late grasses and the Cape sky has put
on its cool robe of liquid blue. We will stand in the rough
square, fronting the meeting-house and watch what comes
along, or is in sight. It is a little curt village round about.
Houses there are among the hills and scattered at long in
tervals, from Sagamore hill to Scorton. Yet everybody likes
to live near the mUl, the market and the meeting. Perhaps
we hear the rumble of the mill-wheel at the pond and know
that the stream below is swift running over the old stones, as
it has run for the amaze and joy of all the children of the town.
We see the cattle are on Town neck, lazy and busy. The
meeting-house has, for us, some rather singular embellish
ments. There is a wolfs head nailed up in plain sight, for
all to see it. Wolves have troubled the fathers of this
town not a little. They have thought to build a palisade
wall from Scusset bluffs to Buzzards Bay, but on having had
it proved to them that this wall will keep in more wolves
than it will keep out, they have given up the plan. And
here is coming along just now a squad of Mashpee Indians
with a wolfs head among them, bareheaded, blanketed —
one long heavy gun in the crowd, with plenty of bows and
arrows, and a squaw with a papoose in a basket on her back,
who has joined these hunters to share their good luck in a
little white man's firewater, after they are paid the £2 this
wolfs head calls for out of the town treasury, which is never
over full. They have had better luck than Benjamin Bodfish
on the north side of Scorton hill, when he struck at a wolf

48
in his trap with a rotten club, and the wolf sprang at him,
broken trap and all, so that only a swift dodge saves him a
whole skin, or enables him ever to eat another dinner. The
selectmen and hunters will keep at these wolves and have
their hands full to boot, until the last Sandwich wolf is laid
on the town hall steps, and your selectmen pay the last
bounty in 1888. But in 1654 the Old Colony will bag nine
teen wolves; in 1655, 31; 9 in Barnstable; in 1690, 13; in
1691, 19.
There are also some curious machines we see near the
meeting-house door. They are the stocks and whipping post;
very useful furniture, our fathers thought, to hinder men
from stealing chickens or their neighbors' provisions, to keep
a scold's tongue quiet, or a lazy fellow from the work-house,
or a mean man from beating his wife ; and besides, there is
no county jail to send them to and pay their board out of
the county tax. There is no punishment going on today —
very few ever suffer so in any town of the Cape; but there
are the implements to enforce the law, and woe to the offend
er. We shall, therefore, miss the crowd which would have
assembled ; the constable with his sword and other badge of
office — the grave, grim Pilgrim in his round hat, over his
long hair, with dogs and some stray, mute Indians in the
background. It gives us a good look into our forefathers'
larders, as well as court matters, that one hungry thief took
ffom a house, venison, beef, butter, cheese, bread and tobac
co, value, 12d, and was whipped at the post with 28s costs.
This very week down Plymouth road came armed: men,
going down the Cape to look out for some shipwrecked pi
rates ; a family going the same way to settle, the big boys and
men on foot ; and the other way went an Indian scout from
an Eastham chief; two farmers, with a quarrel, to the court;
an executor, with a will for probate, and sundiry others. Since
we have stood here there have passed a husband and wife on
horseback, she on a pillion behind him (for there is not a
carriage in the county) going up the Falmouth road, by the
old Academy lot, to take the hill road to Barnstable town, on
a visit to a married daughter who is sick. And here comes
two Puritan' maidens, red cheeks, russet handsj good, whole
some, healthy girls, who helped their father in the late bar-

49
vest ; with a red hood over the blonde hair, and were it cold
er, a red cloak of good honest wool homespun ; but in Sep
tember they wear a lighter fabric, checked, the neatest of
starched aprons, with a colored kerchief about the neck and
crossed over the bust ; and other raiment not to be too closely
inspected by masculine eyes at least — but anyhow, two young
women who will do their share in building up this town.
They are not laughing, and all the young men are afield —
they are demure, self-contained, reticent, as Pilgrim maidens
are. Sweet sleep and a happy future to them both.
Of course there are other Pilgrim folk at home, of a
more select toilet and strain, Madam Cotton, for instance,
the parson's wife, with her relations with the Saltonstalls and
Boston Cottons ; and dames like her, will have one elaborate
silk and brocade dress, which they will devise to their eldest
daughters for two or three generations. They have mourn
ing rings, not much jewelry, no silver forks nor any other ;
but there is silver plate and more ofit comes in as times pros
per, and this plate is like a l^ank book, easily turned into
money. I doubt whether there is what we call a looking
glass in the whole town. What the Puritan maidens substi
tuted for one is past my finding out; for one of some sort
most certainly they had, being Eve's daughters. I know,
however, the most charming one hereabouts. It is the spring
at the hill foot, near the house, when going like Rebecca to
the well she may see in that clear mirror of living waters,
with the throbbing white sand below, a Pilgrim maiden's
face. Grace to the face, say I. Who would not like to have
gone to the spring with such a charming foremother and
brought back, with a bow, the pitcher, well paid with a smile ?
Perhaps some fastidious descendant of such simplicity starts
back from such rusticity in her ancestors. Since she will riot
start back in her own career, I take it, from her ancestors'
perennial grace and virtue, I will soothe her pride with the
assurance that few of that age in New England but were, so
to speak, in the same boat. Gov. Dudley of Massachusetts
Bay tells us that his ink freezes while he writes at his kitchen
fire, and the Winthrops, gentlemen above most, had often,
not one candle to their name in Boston town, and were not
below turning an envelope, sent them, inside out and return-

50
ing it, in lack of other paper, to some other correspondent.
The world does move, and it moves on and up. Queen Elis
abeth would hold a bit of chicken in her fingers and after,
throw the bone down among the rushes on the floor, though
Burleigh and her cabinet were by, and typhus fever would
come to England's palaces, as it had come, one fall, in her
sister Mary's reign, when nearly the whole of the English
episcopate died in consequence. Charlemagne was not as
comfortably lodged at Ingleheim as many a mechanic in your
town today, nor were the mediseval barons fed as well as many
a thrifty citizen of Sandwich now. The old days may be
days of romance, but the full feast of creature comforts stands
with us.
Yet our ancestors insisted that every man and woman
should keep his own place in his own class ; in this loyal to
English custom but not to the Lollard drift. At one time
there was only one man in this county ranked as a gentle
man, and entitled to be writ down Esquire. Only a few
here were called Mr.; a few more are described as Goodman
or Goodwoman So and So, and the rest as plain John Smith
or Brown. It was very much later on — in fact since 1800,
that a certain lady in a neighboring town held up both hands
in holy horror because the blacksmith put on a Sunday suit
of black, saying the times were out of joint, when a mechanic
could wear a dress belonging to a class above him. I think
there was a deal ofthis temper both at Sandwich and Barn-
table, and that the division of your common lands, differing-
as it did from your neighbors, especially shows it.
The first great problem put to the Sandwich Pilgrim as
a citizen of Plymouth Colony came to him in what are
known as the Quaker troubles. I ask leave of the venerable
Society of Friends, as they have always loved to call them
selves, to use a term which was given them as a reproach, but
out of which the sting has long since gone. I use it with a
gesture of life-long respect for a most peaceable and gracious
body of men and women, whom I learned to honor long ago,
and who have remained for generations here, and are held to
be among our most worthy and thrifty citizens. I think that
their Sandwich Quarterly meeting is almost the oldest in the
worid. The four great years of this bitterness were from

51
1667 to 1661 ; but the trouble was brewing long before 1656,
when the first Quakers came to New England. Men of a cer
tain quality of mind were dissatisfied with the church rule
which disfranchised so many. They did not like laws
which, as they thought, were always needlessly hampering
their personal behaviors. They wanted a more mellow and
rounded life than that which Puritan fanaticism proposed,
and were ready to join forces with any who would assist in
change. The Quaker came and his theory of religion, un
dermined, if carried out, the whole civil and ecclesiastical
polity of the Puritans. The men dissatisfied already, not
Quakers, nor Puritans, according to men like Gov. Hinckley,
welcomed them, or at least were averse to meddling with
them. There were more Quaker troubles in Sandwich
than in any other town in Plymouth Colony, not because
the Slandwich men were more cruel (the exact opposite is
true) but because there were more Quakers here. There were
more Quakers here, partly because persecution begets sym
pathy and breeds converts, and Sandwich folk have never
liked to be let or hindered by anyone. The greater part, many
of the better kind especially, were averse to troubling them.
My proof is that the Selectmen refused to oversee or order
the flogging of them, and some, in consequence, were taken to
Barnstable to undergo that punishment and that the Ply
mouth Court sent a stranger, George Barlow, to be marshal
here, to carry out the law, and forced him as a citizen upon
the town ; that Edmund Freeman, easily the flrst Sandwich
man of his day, was left off seven years as an assistant, and
others were put back from office, and above all the history of
the Sandwich church, almost from the beginning. Mr. Lev
erick was minister — a peacable man and who must have
been while ,in office, in harmony with the Plymouth officials,
and who left his parish for Long Island, probably in order
to get rid of the turmoil around him. Your next settled
minister was Rev. John Smith, formerly of Barnstable, and
later of Long Island, in 1676. The tradition in his family is
that he went to Long Island because he would not
persecute Quakers in the colony, and came to Sandwich be
cause this parish could settle nobody who had been implicated
in these persecutions, and upon the explicit understanding

52
that he would lift no hand against them. Qn these two grounds
rested the chronic struggle in the Sandwich church which
went on almost to the Revolution viz : a general dissent on
the part of some, from current Pilgrim politics, and a special
aversion to harming Quakers ; as I put it, the English Lol
lard temper pitted against the narrower Genevan Calvinism.
Of course the memory of the wrongs done here to the Quakers
kept alive the bitterness and accounts for the general
drift of church affairs in Sandwich. If I am asked, how,
if Sandwich people in general were averse to persecution, the
Quakers suffered so much, the answer is, that on the first
alarm the Plymouth authorities disfranchised every Quaker,
and would allow no new citizen to be made here, except he
sympathised with the persecutors, that the Sandwich church
members at this time were not numerous, and finally, that it
was inevitable, according to the law of chances, that the
outside pressure should weigh down the scales in such a state
of affairs, in favor of the standing order and persecution.
You will allow me perhaps to fortify my position, and to ex
plain the, general view of the mal-contents, by quoting from
a letter written in 1658 by Gen. James Cudworth, at one
time of Barnstable — one of the most useful and honest men
ever in the Old Colony, who died, as the agent of the colony,
in London, 1682, first premising, that for this letter and Ms
general .position he was put under heavy bonds to stand his
trial, which was never had, and for a time kept out of office,
as Edmund Freeman and others were.
He writes, "As for the state and condition of things
amongst us, it is sad, and like so to continue; the anti-Chris
tian persecuting spirit is very active, and that in the powers
of this world. He that will not whip and lash, persecute
and punish men that differ in matters of religion, must not
sit on the bench nor sustain any office in the Commonwealth.
Last election Mr. Hatherly and myself left off the bench, and
myself discharged of my captainship, because I had enter
tained some of the Quakers at my house (thereby that I might
be the better acquainted with their principles.) I thought it
better to do so, than with the blind world to censure, condemn,
rail at and revile them, when they neither saw these persons
aior knew any of their principles. But the Quakers and

53
myself cannot close in diverse things ; and so I signified to
the court I was no Quaker, but must bear my testimony
against sundry things, that they held, as I had occasion and
opportunity. But withal, I told them, that as I was no
Quaker, so I would be no persecutor." Elsewhere in this
letter he says : " Diverse have been whipped with us in
our patent ; and truly, to tell you plainly, that the whipping
of them with that cruelty, as some have been whipped and
their patience under it, has sometimes been the occasion of
gaining more adherence to them than if they' had suffered
them openly to have preached a sermon. In the Massa
chusetts, after they have whipped them they cut their ears ;
they have now, at last, gone the fatherest step they can, they
banish them upon pain of death, if they ever come there again.
We expect that we must do the like ; we must dance after
their pipe. Now Plymouth saddle is on the bay horse, we
shall follow them on their career. For it is well, if in some
there be not a desire to be their apes and imitators in all their
proceedings in tnings of this nature."
The laws against Quakers were indeed cruel. If any
entertained a Quaker, though but a quarter of an hour, the
fine was £5, or as money then was, a year's pay of a laboring
man. If anyone saw a Quaker, and did not inform the con
stable, though six miles away, he was to be punished by the
court, as it saw fit. If there was a Quaker meeting in any
man's house, he was fined 40s., the preacher 40s., and every
hearer 40s., though not a word was said. When caught they
were sent to prison and kept on bread and water ; no Friend
might bring them food or speak with them, nor might they
spend their own money to buy a bit of meat. They were
fined for every Sunday they did not go to the Pilgrim meet
ing, and for every time they went to a Quaker one. Indeed
how any Quaker managed to come out of this persecution
with a shilling or a foot of land, passes my understanding,
except that Sandwich folk managed not to carry out the law
and the cruelty was brief. As it was, there were taken from
them in three' years, one hundred twenty-nine cattle, three
horses and nine sheep, in value about £700. The names of
twenty-one of these victims are given, of which the names of
Allen, Gifford, Jones, Jenkins, Ewer, Perry, Wing, are still

54
here. There are seven Aliens in this roll of fame. The
fines of William Allen alone amounted to near £87. An in
cident in his fate may be in place.
William Allen found a good estate gone into his fines.
Of all his movables a cow, left out of pity, the little corn
remaining and a bag of meal with a few articles of furniture
were all that remained and he was living on bread and water
in Boston jail. The heartless marshal came to collect ad
ditional fines, this time drunk. He seized the cow and the
meal, but that was not enough. When he seized the good-
wife's only copper kettle with a mock, he said, " Now Pris-
cilla how will thee cook for thy family and friends, thee has
no kettle." The brave, sweet answer was " George, that God
who hears the ravens when they cry, will provide for them.
I trust in that God, and I verily believe the time will come
when thy necessity will be greater than mine." The goods
were carried away and the drunken marshall lived to fulfil
the prophecy. The Quakers do not appear to have fiinched. They had
tough hearts of English oak, and the scourging marred but did
not rend. They held their meetings in an Allen's house and
as the tradition goes in Cristopher's Hollow, well known to
many of us, a charming spot, well chosen, with this advantage,
that Plymouth Court could not fine the greenwoods of Al
mighty God 40s. for entertaining a harmless people, made
outlaws by the public code, and in the name of the patient
one of Nazareth, who himself had not where to lay his head.
Sept. 9, 1661 by order of King Charles II, all persecution
ceased in both colonies, and the suffering ended.
While I am not called upon to discuss, in all ways, the
nature of this lamentable controversy, the time is now late
enough to make, in a mixed audience like this, composed
largely, as it must be, of descendants of both parties to the
transaction, a few reflections, without offence to any. First,
then, there is ho law of historical criticism more fixed than
this ; that the men of any age are to be judged by the ethics
of that age, and not by the ethics of any other. We are all
agreed that persecution for opinion is altogether wrong.
But in the 17th century all the churches persecuted; An
glican, Roman, Puritan. If we do not blame the Puritan

66
for his part, neither have we a right to blame any other
church for its part in this saddest of religious tragedies.
Again, the Puritan, up to a certain point, could make out a
very strong case for his own conduct. He might say " I char
tered this ship of state and hold the helm, and you Quakers
have come on board and refuse to obey orders. If the ship
goes ashore I am shipwrecked, and you as well, and I mean
to make my own voyage in my own way and at my own
hazard. If you Quakers rise in mutiny I will put you down
with a strong hand, as a matter of self-preservation, which is
a supreme law with all men." He would not even listen if
told that his charts were wrong or that he was off his course.
He simply said, " I sail this ship."
By the Quaker theory the Puritan ship was to be pulled
in pieces by its own crew in mid-seas, and an entirely new one
buUt, which had never been tried. I think the Quaker was
right by the Puritan chart, but both were proved wrohg by
the actual shore. For instance, the Puritan had said to the
English Church, " I will not have you or any other church
as a daysman between me and the author of my salvation.
Therefore I build my own church in my own way with just
those ordinances and no others, which give me grace and
comfort. My soul shall reach my Maker by my personal vo
lition and in my chosen way. The logical Quaker made an
swer " Certainly, the soul itself touches God, simply because
God touches it personally, soul with soul. That is my doc
trine of the inner Light. Why then need of your ordi
nances of baptism and a supper, your pulpits and your steeple
houses, if the Christian is he who carries Christ in his own
soul, and so to speak, beneath his own waistcoat." So far and
upon Puritan grounds the Quaker was quite right. Nay, he
had a right, at least to be let alone to go his way, upon the
basis of 300 years of the Lollard movement in England. In
my judgment, George Fox proved the final incoherence and im
possibility of the whole ecclesiastical system of Puritanism.
That system has already passed. Only this further; our
mother, the earth, covers speedily with her mantle of green,
the fiercest battlefield, the foot of the whipping post, the spot
where the martyrs' ashes cooled from the fire, and where the
blood of the best or worst dripped from the scaffold. So let

56
the mantle of a great human charity cover the memory of all
those of every creed, who in any age, smote their fellows
with persecutions in the name of God, and let those who still
stand outside their graves, lay in religion what stress they
like upon another's conscience, provided that stress be only
the heart throbs of those eager to persuade their fellows to
truth and duty.
In 1875 King Phillip's war began and created the second
great crisis in the history of this ancient town. It was very
much a war of extermination on both sides. Your town
records, I believe, have not many passages of interest, touch
ing this war, as often the town appears to have been too busy
to do much writing. Indeed, the fact came very near being
left to outside witnesses, that Sandwich joined with her sis
ter towns of the Cape, at the height of the common distress,
in inviting the outlying towns of the colony most exposed,
to come with their families and live with them until the dan
ger was overpast. Nor can we fail to admire the courage
with which the same afflicted towns answered, after due
thanks, that they could not leave their post, but would take
what God sent them there. Sandwich paid its assessments of
men and money and went its way. The four colonies en
gaged in that war, Massachusetts, Plymouth, Rhode Island
and Connecticut, had a population of from 35,000 to 50,000,
with which to confront the Indian tribes ; Plymouth reckon
ing 7500. In that war 600 of the best died, twelve or thir
teen towns were destroyed and the war debt of Plymouth
Colony nearly equalled all its personal property. Boston
and Connecticut made donations and there came, curi
ously enough, a single gift from abroad, £125 from the city
of Dublin. I do not know under exactly what circumstances
that money was sent out of the chief city of the warm
hearted, ever-generous, Irish race. But it may be noted
as an instance of the subtle interchange of forces in human
history that more than a century after, in the Irish famine, the
descendants of the same Puritans sent wheat to Ireland, and
to be further noted that by a movement and a dogma, now
six centuries old the men of Puritan stock are bound to hold
that the people are always to be let alone to rule themselves,
whether at Berlin, St. Petersburgh or Dublin.

67
All know that the theatre of King Phillip's war was
never transferred to the Cape. No Cape tribe ever joined
Philip, nor had the Cape any outbreak. On the other hand,
many of the Cape Indians served against Philip, and pris
oners were kept by the friendly tribes until the war was over.
But it may not be generally known that this good fortune
was chiefly due to Christian missionaries, like Richard Bourne,
Thomas Tupper, Thornton of Yarmouth, Treat of Eastham,
and the Mayhews of Martha's Vineyard, or that Bourne and
Tupper were of this town. I have been able to find but
comparatively few historical facts about Tupper, more than
he was of the Sandwich church, that his field of labor was
among the Herring River Indians and along Buzzards Bay,
and that he died in old age greatly missed. Sandwich and
Barnstable, at that time, abounded in Indians and the rem
nant of two tribes out of the four still surviving in this Com
monwealth live to day within their ancient limits. But Rich
ard Bourne was easily chief missionary on the Cape. Indeed
he seems to have had a general oversight of the Indians from
Middleboro to Provincetown. I suppose him to have been
the ancestor of the Sandwich Bournes. He began his labors
about 1658, and his lands lay along the Manomet river on the
north side, from what is now Bournedale to Buzzards Bay,
with an additional right to take yearly 12,000 herrings. He
was ordained pastor of the church in Mashpee, about 1670,
the apostles, Eliot and Cotton, assisting at his ordination. In
his report made to Major Gookin from this town, Sept. fl,
1674, (the year before King Phillip's war,) he names twenty-
two places where Indian meetings were held with an attend
ance of about 500. Of these, 142 could read Indian and so
Eliot's Bible, seventy-two could write, and nine could read
English. These Praying Indians increased in the eleven
years following, (1685) to 1014, and there were in his limits,
at least 600 warriors. These he controlled by his just and
Christian behavior to them. Both English and Indians al
ways took his advice in land sales between them as long as he
lived. The Bournes, as the record shows, had a habit of free
ing their slaves. So great was the Indians regard for the
Bourne family, that long after his death, as late as 1723,
when a Bourne child was prostrated by an appalling dis-

68
ease, said by the physicians to be incurable, the Indians
came with medicine men and their incantations, the mother
submitted her child to their simple remedies, and it was
made whole. This story is vouched for by a highly respect
able authority. I may sum up what Richard Bourne was to
this town and Plymouth Colony, in the words of one of our
Cape antiquarians, Amos Otis, a man, who by nature was
" our Old Mortality," busy with cleaning the moss from Cape
Cod families and gravestones, with gifts to have set him
among the best in his favorite calling.
" The fact is Richard Bourne, by his unremitted labors for
17 years, made friends of a sufficient number of Indians, nat
urally hostile to the English, to turn the scale in Plymouth
Colony and give the preponderance to the whites. He did
this, and it is to him who does, that we are to award honor.
Bourne did more, by the moral power which he exerted, to
defend the old colony, than Bradford did at the head of his
army. Laurel wreathes shade the brows of military heroes,
their names are enshrined in a bright halo of glory, while the
man who has done as good service for his country, by moral
means, sinks into comparative insignificance and is too often
forgotten." Justice, as yet, has not been done to our great Sandwich
missionary to the Indians, Richard Bourne. No man in
Massachusetts did more for that doomed and vanishing race,
than he. I would take no shred of honor from Eliot's fame ;
I am sure final history wUl do our townsman justice. But
one thing some day should be done by somebody. West
ward yonder where the gates of the hUls end at the water
shed between our bays, on that rounded hill where Samuel
Sewall built his Indian meeting-house, and where the Indian
graves are many, and looking down the Cape and across your
bay thence visible, a statue should be raised to Richard Bourne
and Thomas Tupper, Sandwich men, to tell the travellers as
they speed by its base, how the men of the Pilgrim blood
will not cease to honor their own who sacrificed themselves
for their fellowmen, in all their generations.
In 1692, in the reign of William and Mary, Plymouth
Colony, and so this town, became, by the order of the English
government, a part of the Province of Massachusetts. The

69
change had, no doubt, its advantages, but it must have
crossed sharply, the trend of Puritan politics, which was and
is towards local government, and must have seemed an un
necessary centralization, and so an offence against the pure
democracy of Plymouth Colony. The crown profited be
cause it thus gathered into its own hands the lines of the
already, uncertain movements of both colonies, and could
better overlook, and if necessary, control their insubordina
tion, or, as it might judge, their usurpations. Here may also
close the first, or pioneer age of Sandwich. I have devoted
so much time to this period of our town history, because in
it are the roots of all the others, and it is the formative and
mother period of our afterhistory.
The next period may be made to extend, as a conven
ience, from 1692 to 1776. As before, so now, Sandwich was
slowly evolving itself from the wilderness and under the
British Crown. In this period were politically, the French
and Indian wars, and chronic and rather unsuccessful at
tempts to reconcile the antagonistic Puritan temper with the
claims of the English government. There are two general
reflections that may be made upon this period of Sandwich
history. First, there was everywhere, in the Province of
Massachusetts, a tendency to a decadence in what I may call
personal character. This showed itself generally in the third
generation. The original settlers were men out of England,
who had touched, and to a degree, been mellowed by its an
cient civilization — men who had felt the repose, at least, of
an old realm and had been educated there. But their chil
dren and grandchildren knew only a wilderness — its hard
ship, penury, solitude and austerity. King Phillip's war had
soured and hardened them greatly. Their pastors were, in
deed lighthouses of learning, and instructed as best they
could ; but schools were intermittent, and often distant, the
struggle for bread was always upon them to bury them in
their farms; in many, the old Puritan fervor had burnt it
self out, leaving the shell ; and in general it may be said the
wilderness was draggiug these men down to it as tbe tropi
cal plenty. South, dominated the Spanish blood to enervate.
You may see, if you look closely, this fact in the portraits of
the two Winslows — father and son — now in the rooms of

60
the Massachusetts Historical Society, two strong faces,
where grace goes with the father.
The second general reflection is this ; that in such ^ a
state of affairs, the connection of our people with the Brit
ish crown, was a positive blessing many ways._ It kept
them, especially in political centres, like Boston, in contact
with the civilized world elsewhere ; it compelled them to
keep the run of European politics, when a new war might
imperil every Cape Cod fishing smack, and the timbers
which they shipped to the Barbadoes, might become the
prize of any foe to England. If the crown, through its royal
governor, like Andros, put their property or libertyin jeop
ardy, it also roused them and sometimes stung them into dis
covering new ways of evading tyranny and toned them up
to confront injustice with a firm and not over-courteous re
sistance. Witness the repeated refusal of the General Court
of the Province to vote any governor any salary, except for
one year, that they might hold the power of the purse in their
own hands. All this made Massachusetts a training school
for statesmen, and when time was, such men as Samuel
Adams and Otis showed that they had been to school. There
is writ of One in Scripture, that he causes even the wrath of
man to praise him ; and often in human affairs, the wrong
done, by a subtle law of progress, enures to the benefit of
those who suffer.
The recorded public events of this period, which, in any
striking way add to the romance or interest of your history,
are not many. July 20, 1756, there appeared at Manomet,
near the old fort, of 1627 a strange company of people,
speaking French, and in seven two-masted boats. Silas
Bourne, Esq., wrote to^Col. Otis, then in Boston : " They pro
fess to be bound to Boston and want their boats carted
across to the opposite bay. They have their women and
children with them and say they were last from Rhode Island
but previously from Nova Scotia." Mr. Bourne says, " I fear
they may continue, when once in the bay, to miss Boston,
and think it safe, therefore, to detain them." Ninety of them
were accordingly distributed among the several towns, for
safe keeping, until the matter could be better understood.
Later on and the General Court ordered " that the canoes

61
left at Sandwich by the French neutrals, who deserted from
the southern government, shall be sold." These people were
Acadians, some of those 7000 broken-hearted, homeless peo
ple who were scattered from Maine to Geogia, of whom
Longfellow tells us in Evangeline. It was the most misera
ble business, in my judgment, in the history of all this land.
I have read their general fate in other town histories, where
I find families broken up, children bound out to service, and
themselves treated as paupers, until they have all disappeared
leaving neither sign nor name. These wanderers in Mano'
met river were evidently Acadians who were trying to es
cape from the South to their old home. We may be sure
they went no further. The late Deming Jarves once told me
that in a great storm some year before 1820, the sand on Scus-
sett beach, somewhere near the hills west, was washed away
and disclosed the piles of their wharf and other relics. I think
that in digging near there lately, they have found timbers,
perhaps of the tide way of their mill. Strangers, ignorant of
the language spoken here, Catholics of an ancient Church,
without a priest, and doomed to live and die amongst men of
an alien religion, who neither understood nor loved their faith,
homesick for their native land beyond the bay which they
would never see, and I can hardly imagine a fate more full of
tears. God give them rest !
An old town like this is full of romance and pathos.
How many life stories which if read would move our tears,
forever to be unwritten, had for their last brief chapter, a
grave in your ancient burying ground. How still and un
complaining they all are in this day's festival ; all passions
cold in their ashes, regrets ended, their life's hunger for
something better, or the love never returned or the presence
that never came back from sea or camp appeased ; a broken,
meagre life, perhaps, yet ever-aspiring ; poets, as most are,
who never wrote their song, but often thought one; maid
and man, husband, wife, lover ; all at rest two hundred years
or so, by the pond, there in their stately sleep, in their voice
less palace with the unlighted lamps, at whose door no king
knocks with a command ; no mendicant care grovels with a
request ; whose sentinels are the birds and the stars which to
night, as ever, will keep vigil over the sacred ashes of what is

62
dead, while One keeps that which cannot die, and heard long
ago the story.
When Capt. Mathew Fuller at Scorton died in 1678,
his Scotch servant, Robert, was wrongly charged with having
stolen his master's jewels. The charge so worked upon him,
that he finally died of grief and starvation. The snow was
so deep that the bearers halted to bury him on the north
east side of Scorton hill. I am told that of late years, two
rough stones have been set to mark his grave and that the
plough has, so far, spared the mound. Here, at least, was a
man of honor and with self-respect. They manage these
things otherwise, now-a-days. Now when a man steals a bank
or a railroad, he seldom thinks of going to his grave. He
goes to Canada.
I may show you several colors of your old town life by
making an extract from Judge Sewall's diary, under date of
" Seventh Day, AprU. 3, 1714. Major Thaxter and I rid to
Sandwich, accompanied by Mr. Justice Parker, Capt. John
Otis, our pilot, Mr. John Denison, our chaplain. It did not
rain, but wet, being an out wind," i. e. a wind off shore.
" Got to Newcomb's, where we dined. (Sewall had been in
the old Newcomb house by your lower pond several times
before. I treated the Barnstable gentlemen. Mr Cotton,
(then your minister) " Came to us and invited Maj. Thaxter
and myself to his house. He had invited me at Plymouth.
Mr. Justice Lynde returned homeward, having Mayo for his
pilot." Guides you see were then necessary to strangers be
tween here and Plymouth. Now we can get a glimpse into
a Pilgrim minister's home, and so partly into the other homes
here, then. " In the evening Mr. Cotton, (his wife had been
a widow and a Saltonstall, and the Cottons raised a large
family) made a short speech of God's mercies in the week
past, sung part of the 108 Psalm to the tune of Winsor."
The Pilgrims here had only four tunes and this was one.
" Prayed." It was Saturday night. " Lord's Day," April 4.
Mr. Cotton in the family reads Deut. 29th, sings the 12th,
13th, 14th verses of the 19th Psalm, to the tune of York ; "an
other of the four tunes aforesaid. " Evening sung Psalm 118
4th part to the tune of St. David," Another. Then follows in
Sewall's record a synopsis of Mr. Cotton's sermon from 2nd

63
Cor. 4:4. It must have been a long one, a Gospel sermon,
full of meat, as your forefathers judged spiritual food, full of
shrewd applications to the hearers and shows Mr. Cotton to
have been a clever, painstaking preacher. The sermon, as
most then were, was probably written on small sheets of
paper, the lines close together, to save expense, for paper
was then high ; and has probably long since gone where so
many sermons, alas ! are sure to go.
With this glimpse of the old Pilgrim life I proceed to
some others. Mr. Cotton died in 1722, and the name if not
the blood is extinct here. The same year Rev. Benjamin
Fessenden became your minister, and his blood, happily for
this town, is not extinct. Mr. Fessenden was, undoubtedly,
a gentleman well educated, as all the clergy then were, a
man of peace — as all his clerical brethren seem to have been
before him — a man of strong character, I gather, and in^-
clined to gather up the incidents of life before him here and
might, had fate ordered, have shown a good hand at local
history. He died August 7, 1746. I have often wished that
Mr. Fessenden had kept a diary, as Sewall did. I wish he
had told us what went on in these old houses roundabout;
whether some Toby babe had blue eyes or black, when he
baptized it ; how some Pope bride looked and exactly what
dress she wore when he married her, and whether the groom,
Bassett, Chipman, Swift, Nye, or of whatever name, fumbled
at his vest pockets and looked a trifle disconcerted during the
ceremony ; what time the swallows came ; how cold the meet
ing-house was in winter, with nothing but a footstove, which
the dames carried, and flUed with coals between services, from
his kitchen fire, as his house was near the meeting ; whether
the communion bread ever froze and rattled in the plates
when the deacons carried it round, as it did in the Old South
Church, Boston ; indeed, a thousand trifles then, but precidus
stones, rubies and diamonds now. Old White of Selbburne,
England, parson, wrote a book on his own parish, its natural
life and antiquities, which will last as long as English is read.
Here in this town, just at your feet, all around you are the
same sort of riches, waiting for some one, with patience and
craft enough to garner, to come and equal fame. Some young
life, perhaps today, here present, will brace itself and make

64
ready. There is discovery possible in Sandwich, more use
ful than most in Africa or within the Antarctic Circle.
In the absence of any Fessenden diary, and indeed, of
any other Sandwich man's, known to me, I will try to sketch
some traits of our Sandwich home life, at least possible, both
before and after 1700. I suppose that a full home bases
itself on marriage and children. In looking over your town
records, I am, first of all, struck by the fact that everybody
is related by either birth or marriage to everybody else.
Sandwich folk of the old stock seem to be all, more or less,
cousins. I only limit the assertion by saying that, for obvious
reasons, the Society of Friends seem to have married among
themselves, although there are exceptions. Of course Sand
wich people in general married at home, having good taste.
But there were marital prisals and re-prisals, so to speak,
going on between the neighboring towns, both west and east
of us. I hope every one drew a prize in that sweet, danger
ous lottery. I may assume that every one who won a Sand
wich bride did. But the marriages were most frequent
between Sandwich and Barnstable. I think those two towns,
as the blood runs, were and came to be in the old days, very
intimately mixed and intermarried. May our sister town,
behind her sand barrier of her famous beach, and with her
Great Marshes, for a thousand years send forth brides as
charming as those who crossed Scorton HUl long ago. That
stretch of road between Barnstable town and Sandwich, in
the old days must have seen many a lover coming or going
to his sweetheart ; many a bride won and riding on a pillion
behind the groom, somewhither. I hope no Sandwich man
on such an errand ever came back crestfallen, and that no
Barnstable bride ever found her groom to have sailed under
false colors when he came to her harbour for a helpmate in
this lonely world. I have reason to love people both sides
of Scorton Hill. I always feel, when I travel over that road
like wearing a buttonhole bouquet and putting on holiday
apparel. I fancy to stand, hat in hand, by the roadside and
salute with my profoundest bow these brides and grooms
coming home to this old town. Some of them bear names
that I learned to love fifty years ago. I even venture
through the veil of a hundred years or so to kiss some babies

65
in Sandwich cradles, and I certainly wish all these travellers
in this heyday of their hope all good wishes ; that their cup
may not be bitter, nor they drink it to the dregs, and that
the passion of our mortal life, sent down as it were to put
men to proof may leave all these brides and grooms at their
death's day in their white sleep, with their work well done.
The home life of our people showed generally, an ascent
toward comforts and the enjoyments, of civUization. Chil
dren stand at meal time and are helped after their elders.
Well-filled barns, with an ox for beef, hanging in them about
Thanksgiving time, a fat wood pUe for the winter, a stock
of cows, a flock of sheep with the owner's mark on them,
brought out of the woods in fall, plenty of wild game and
fish helped make our people comfortable in doors. They
rose early and wrought late, and there were few idlers.
Prayers, morning and evening, and early to bed, plenty of ex
ercise out doors and not a little for the women in ; fresh air,
pure water, plenty of the tonic of frost in the long winter
days and nights, comfortable, homespun dresses, with a little
finery and more starch ; white sanded floors, brass andirons
and candlesticks, well cleansed; the big pewter platters
scoured to brightness ; some ancient china ; big chests pleth
oric with honest woollen blankets and linen sheets. These
things and many other like, made a circumstance and an en
vironment which tended to much actual comfort. Then on
winter nights, especially, with the frost outside and the sleep
ing chambers overhead, quite as cold as the barn, but full
of oxygen, the famUy gathered in and around the big fire
place to spend the evening. The stout sons are perhaps ru
minating upon the next day's wood chopping or a new pair
of oxen. Their father's land and live stock will go to them ;
usually by English custom, a double portion to the eldest
son. The daughters will have as their portion some of the
house furniture, a few pounds sterling, some of their mother's
dresses and if the marriage settlement so said, their equal
share of what their mother brought to the house, and most
of all, a certain yearly share of the wool or flax raised on iihe
place. So tonight Thankful and Bethia and Lydia, as well
as their neighbors' girls, are busy over some sort of linen or
household drapery, which may serve for their own house-

66
keeping ; demure Pilgrim maidens trying to prepare for
their woman's future. The fire on the hearth is blazing un
der and through the oak logs ; the mother is in her low chair
in the chimney corner, right hand side, near the oven,
knitting or mending ; the father in his stiff-backed chair
or his roundabout, in a leather jacket, sits, the same
side^ further out on the hearthstone, in our day supplanted by
a stove or register. Left side on a long wooden settle or
bench with a high, solid wooden back, and from the chim
ney corner out, sit the small boys and girls, ruddy, restless
and warm. How rolicking and brilliant in its old way, with
the embers falling into fantastic shapes and all sorts of sup
posed faces in the red coals, this vagrant fire behaves for these
folk, and as if for the king's delight. Bethia or Lydia will per
haps steal a glance across the woollen in their lap at these
same coalsi to espy as the fancy runs, the face of
their future husband ; the demure but quite human Pilgrim
maids they are. It is not a bad place for these youngsters,
on that settle in the chimney corner. In clear nights, by
looking up, they can see the stars through the chimney's
mouths And when on stormy nights, with a northeaster rum
bling and thundering across the chimney's mouth, driving
tbe thick snow towards the hill ridge, what a place for a
child to hear his elders tell of the pirates' money, the witch's
ride, the war of Revolution and those endless stories of the
sea, which, with pipe in their mouth and a close watch for
the falling embers, we heard in our childhood our elders tell,
around a Cape Cod hearthstone, in an ancient Pilgrim house.
Our fathers had not our comforts, but they certainly had
their own ; and the balance is not altogether in our favor.
After Rev. Benjamin Fessenden's death, in 1746, Rev.
Abraham Williams became the Sandwich minister in 1749.
He was your minister during the Revolution, dying in 1784.
I gather that he was very like his predecessors, and bating
at least his diminished salary in war times he seems to have
fared very much as they had ; also that he was a very busy
and useful man in secular affairs, surveying wood lots, making
wUls and drawing deeds. As a matter of fact, the parsons on
the Cape kept the lawyers out by taking the law business, and
to a degree this was also true of the doctors. A town par-

67
son then was a sort of town university. It probably illus
trates Mr. Williams' patriotism, to say that two of his sons
died in British prison ships. By his wife he was connected
with some of the leading families in modern Massachusetts.
He seems to have been a man of property, at least he owned
two African slaves, one of them, Titus Winchester by name,
who ought to have, and shall have some mention on this occa
sion, not only because of his own conduct, but because of
that patient African race who built so many of our old stone
walls and worked hard as slaves of the whites. The Red
man would not work, and died ; the blackman worked aijid
lived. Our fathers bought, sold or devised them very much
as we would cattle. Everybody did. In general, I suppose
they were well treated. Some were manumitted. It was all
wrong by the Lollard rule. One man ordered by his will
that his servant Dinah should be sold, and the money laid
out in purchasing Bibles for his grandchildren. And yet
the Bible has said of old, " that God hath made of one
blood all them that dwell upon the face of the earth, and
that this is one of the only two great commandments, " Thou
shalt love thy neighbor as thyself." " Bury me, said a slave
in the Gorham family, " as near as you can to the feet of my
mistress." Titus Winchester was Mr. Williams' slave, and
would not accept manumission, staying with his old master
untU the latter died. Then Titus went to sea and elsewhere
and was faithful over the few things of his poor maimed life.
When he died he left some property and your town clock to
the First parish. I knew a small boy rather intimately, some
fifty years ago, who used to think that that clock's face was
black because a black man gave it. For the sake of Titus
and his race, I trust that longer than that clock's face is
black. Sandwich folk will tell their chUdren that the man
who gave that clock had a black face, but a life that was
very white ; that his name was Titus Winchester ; and that
Christianity, of any honest sort, is forever color blind.
We approach now the period of the Revolution, 1776-
1783, an epoch in our town history. I do not propose to re
tell the story, but only to throw some side lights upon it
from Sandwich history. But here, again two preliminary
questions thrust themselves upon our notice. First, was the

68
Revolution, an evolution or an accident ? I say, that it was
an inevitable and fated evolution ; made so by the two root
ideas of the Puritan movement, and under a law as fixed as
a law of Nature. If a man has a right to be free, he has a
right to maintain his liberty with his sword. If it was wise
in him to come 3,000 mUes to enjoy his privUege, it was wise
for him to stand in military array ; watch late on guard ; rise
early to begin the battle and hang to his foe, until he asked
quarter, to defend his privUege. There has been much time
wasted over this matter. The Puritan, I take it, was a rebel —
and from the start. If he was not a premeditated rebel, he
was certainly a predestinated one. At the roots, the, Puri
tan movement was always coherent, even when its surfaces,
as in the Quaker or Baptist troubles, showed dubious pr con
fusing. I might illustrate by what goes on every day in
your bay, and long before the Mayflower sailed on its hori
zon towards Plymouth rock. The surface of tbat bay, as you
all know, is liable to innumerable changes. In a clear day,
ctften blue ; with a thundercloud over head, black ; in a calm
day, placid; with a north-east wind lashing it, turbulent,
cruel, hammering in the hoar rage of its crested waves the
beachsands, as if it would rend its way to your hills. But,
under all these changes, the great bay current of under
waters, undisturbed sweeps west and north, around the feet
of those sand bluffs of Plymouth woods. The surfaces of
the Puritan movement were indeed confused, but its trend
was always one, away from kings and towards a republic.
The roar of the battle on Bunker's Hill, was but the ever-
augmenting echo of that axe, which smote off the head of
King Charles the First.
The second matter is about the Sandwich torips, or as
they called themselves royalists. There were plenty of them
here and the like is true at least of Barnst9.ble, two towns
who at that time had at least as much intelligence and as
much at stake, as any of their neighbors. When the Boston
patriots in 1769 invited delegates to a convention to consult
about public affairs, this town voted, after a long debate, 33
to 42, not to send. Now I ask you Sandwich men of today,
whether the current popular opinion, here and elsewhere,
concerning our tories of the Revolution, is a just one. H,ere

69
in a test vote were 42 men against 33 in this town, your an
cestors and mine, who at that time at least were unwilling to
take action against the king. Of course I think they were
in the wrong but they thought otherwise. Are you prepared
to hold, as much of the historical writing I have seen, implies,
that this, a majority of your voters, were any more base, any
less respectable than the majority, who afterwards put them
down or drove them out ? That some of our tories did some
times sUly or very brutal things, or made provoking
speeches as Timothy Ruggles did, I know very well, just
exactly as I know that some of the Sandwich whigs were
often remorseless and cruel. Such passions always show
themselves in revolutions and are a part of their price.
There have never been any saints in Sandwich or anywhere
else on earth. The saints are in heaven alone. Allowing,
then, all the excesses alleged against our Sandwich tories,
and is it not true that generally they were the average Christ
ian men found at that time in this town ? What should be
said of many of them is this ; they took the losing side and
paid the penalty ; that they were wrong but that they fol
lowed, apparently, their own judgment, as the Pilgrim man
hood has always done. Is it any less worthy to follow con
science, leave your home and property and go to Nova Scotia
to live under a king, than it was for the PUgrims to leave
England upon their conscience and come to this wilderness
to escape a king? Is conscience which leads men to a costly
sacrifice only venerable when it is a wise one, going right
and never venerable when going wrong? If so this poor
world must rewrite much of its history. For my part, and
speaking now for myself personally, I say this ; that of the
Ellis blood which happens to connect me with Sandwich folk,
some were whigs and some were tories. Let all true whigs
of Sandwich rest, if you like, in etemal fame. I only insist
that the time has come when no wise man can afford to say
that Sandwich tories are sleeping in dishonored graves.
In 1765, war between France and England, costing Eng
land something like £100,000,000, ended. That war, so far
as it concerned these English colonies, was to prevent them
from being strangled by the cordon, which France was grad
ually drawing about them from Quebec to New Orleans very

70
much as, untU Charles Martel broke it, the Mohammedans
had drawn the cord of their power around Mediaeval Europe.
Every student of history, if he be of English stock, reads
with a sigh of relief the event of Abraham's Heights, where
the French allies went down before the cross of St. George,
and beholds a great deliverance. At first sight, it would
seem only reasonable that these colonies, thus delivered,
should pay their share of the expense. A large part of their
share, it is true, these colonies had already paid in money
and blood ; but there was perhaps, by the rule of mere arith
metic, something more due. The British crown passed the
Stamp Act and so proceeded to tax these colonies. This
they resisted. Was there not a cause ? Were not the old
artificers in linen from North Ireland, driven out by British
greed, or at least, their sons, still here ? Had the Puritan
forgot the Star Chamber and the bitterness of exUe ? Was
there not cause to distrust their old oppressors ? It is true,
the Stamp Act was repealed in 1766, but the resolve of Par
liament " that of right it ought to have power to bind the
colonies " left the sting undrawn. The answer of this town
was to order the very next year, 1767, a powder house to be
built. The powder, also, came and in due time was burnt.
Henceforth and until the close of the Revolution, the his
tory of Sandwich responds and runs with the trend of that
truly patriotic war. In 1770, Sandwich voted not to buy
taxed goods, like tea, paper, etc., and to hinder their sale,
until redress was had. Jan. 6, 1773, a very sober town
meeting was held, and the town parson, Mr. Williams, was
called on to open the meeting with prayer. The late speech
of the Royal Governor to the Legislature in Boston, was of
fered, but refused a hearing. A letter from the patriot com
mittee in Boston was then read, and plain resolutions, set
ting forth the people's rights, were passed. A committee
was also chosen in behalf of the town to correspond with the
Boston committee. As this was a post of danger, as well as
honor, I record the names of that committee. They are Dr.
Nathaniel Freeman, Moses Swift, Seth Freeman, John Allen,
Joseph Nye, 3d, George Allen, Simeon Fish, Mordecai Ellis,
Elisha Pope, John Percival and Joshua Tobey. The Aliens,
being of the Society of Friends, asked to be excused and

71
were. March 17, 1774, voted, that " the letters of the Gov
ernor and Lieut. Governor are replete with malicious enmity."
Also voted, that the emptying the tea into Boston harbour,
was " necessary," that they would neither buy nor use tea,
until the tax was repealed, and " that an attested copy of
these votes be transmitted, with the thanks of the town, to
the committees of correspondence of Boston and Plymouth,
for their manly opposition to a most pernicious measure, as
suring them that we are ready to join them in opposing ev
ery unrighteous attempt upon our liberties." At this meet
ing, Zaccheus Burgess, Lot Nye and John Dillingham, Jr.,
were appointed on the committee of correspondence, in place
of the Aliens. September 30, of the same year, it was re-
commanded by the town, that the people should be well pro
vided with arms and ammunition ; that every male of six
teen years of age, or over, be armed and drilled ; that com
mon pedlers of English, Scotch or India goods, be suppressed ;
that a congress of all the towns in Barnstable County should
be held to consult for the common safety ; that the present
doings of the town be published ; that the selectmen be di
rected to purchase a chest of arms, and to deliver them at
first cost, to the inhabitants, and four barrels of gunpowder
with lead and flints in proportion, in addition to the town's
present stock ; also thanks to Meltiah Bourne, Esq., for the
timber presented by him, to be erected a liberty pole. All
this meant war, meant revolution, and that of a very sturdy
kind. I am one of those, who insist that in the achievement
of our independence, no town on this Cape is entitled to the
preeminece. No Cape town of that age, but did its duty,
according to its ability, in its own local and personal way.
But, I am bound to say that the men of affairs in Sandwich,
strike me as a ready, sturdy, resolute set of men, slow to de
cide, but fearless to cany out their plans, once made ; a set
of men, hard to be denied their will ; selectmen, who
made little noise, but did a deal of sound, hard work. And
if you seek now in these days, after one of your citizens,
who represents in these gentler days, both physically and
mentally, these selectmen of old, you will not find a better,
than my old schoolmate and fellow townsman, the chairman
of this meeting.

72
It was in this year that Gen. Gage succeeded Hutchin
son as royal governor in Boston, and the commerce of that
town was destroyed by the Boston Port Bill. To the distress
of Boston all the Cape towns sent relief, in cord wood and
money ; Sandwich, £19, Barnstable, £12 10s., and Falmouth,
blessed be that deed, near £37 and 82 cords of wood.
In September of this same year, a singular occurrence, headed
by a Sandwich man, connects itself with your town and
should never be forgotten. As things then were, the courts
had ceased to be for the people but were to be used against
them for the King. It was determined to stop the County
Courts. This was an overt act of treason, and exposed
every man concerned in it to the block, and some two years
before the Declaration of Independence. By careful pre
arrangement an orderly company of men from Wareham,
Rochester, and Middleboro, marched down to this town.
Here they were joined by the Sandwich men, the horsemen
ahead, tho foot behind, marched by your mill pond, up
among the hills on the old road to Barnstable. Dr. Nathan
iel Freeman, "Brigadier Freeman," as the old folk called
him, was conductor in chief. I am here to flatter no family
pride, but I am bound to say, and in this I think the
historians of the Cape towns wUl agree with me, that among
all men who helped carry this Cape with the patriots into
Revolution, Brigadier Freeman stands easUy first. I take
the description of this chief of Sandwich patriots from the
words of an eye witness in this singular procession, the late
Hon. Abraham Holmes, of Rochester. " Freeman was a fine
figure of a man, between thirty and forty years of age. He
had a well made face, a florid countenance, a bright and
dignified eye, a clear and majestic voice; and wore a hand
some, black lapelled coat, a tied wig as white as snow, a set
up hat with the point a little to the right." The procession
called themselves " The Body of the People " and certainly a
more democratic gathering had hardly been seen since the
swarming of a Teutonic tribe. They elected their own of
ficers, whom they implicitly obeyed; agreed not to drink
strong drink nor swear, had prayer of mornings, counselled
together with all the decorum of a bench of judges, and
when they came to the old Court house, at Rendevous Lane,

73
in Barnstable, there were about fifteen hundred of them.
They sent a respectful and well-judged request to the court
— an Otis was on the bench — to give up the assize. Had they
been refused they would have undoubtedly driven out the
court and locked the doors. They were, indeed, " The Body
of the People." The court went out and no King's court
ever sat again in Barnstable County. All patriots should
make themselves familiar with the details of this unique
transaction. In studying it, I have been struck by the
resemblance which the gravity, patience and yet resolution of
these men bear to the behavior of that high commission
which ordered the execution of Charles I., where the wonder
was, not that a king was slain, but that he was slain by a
solemn judgment under current forms of law and with an
appeal to Heaven to note and confirm its justice.
On their return to Sandwich they hunted up and punished
into due humility, certain persons who had cut down the
Sandwich liberty pole in their absence. One cannot make
revolution with gloves on and there was hard striking all
round in those days.
In 1775 voted that a watch be appointed fqr the sea coast,
watch boxes be built and the watchman's pay be 2 shill
ings per night. Voted, June 21, 1776, "that should the
Honorable Congress of the united colonies declare these colo
nies independent of the kingdom of Great Britian, we solemn
ly engage with our lives and our fortunes to support them in
the measure." In 1777 it was voted to supply, for the ap
proaching winter, the famUies of soldiers from this town, ab
sent in their country's service. In 1778 there was smallpox
here brought probably from the army ; a pest house was built,
nurses provided, red flags hung at the fencings and cats and
dogs running at large were kUled to prevent contagion.
From 1778 to the close of the war. Sandwich records show
how firmly our fathers tried to carry out their pledge to
spend life and money for independence. Drafts of men and
provisions were made on them which the town tried to fill
and with general success. But when in 1781 a call was made
for 21000 pounds of beef, though the town offered 4d in sil
ver, per pound, there was no beef to be had. The same year
they gave $13 a month to each enlisted soldier. By this

74
time the continental money had depreciated. To show the
situation here, I quote some prices. A common laborer re
ceived for a day's work, £2; a mechanic, £3. But then a
gallon of molasses and a bushel of Indian corn cost £4 each;
butter 12 shillings a pound; grog per mug 16 shUlings; Eng
lish hay, £32 per ton; shoeing a horse aU round, £3 12 shill
ings, and a tavern dinner 15 shillings. Indeed the whole
land was at a low tide. Most had been spent for liberty
which came in 1783, when this people, thanks to the great
sacrifice, went free.
I have said nothing of the sufferings and sorrows of
those Sandwich folk who weUt to the war or sent their sons.
It is an old story, often told over this. colony, and wUl be, as
long as honor is reverenced in our ancestry. I close this
period of Sandwich history with two brief extracts from two
letters of a Cape mother, though not of this town.
July 26, 1778.
None of my children but Abiah are with me. All my sons are
if living, with the army. I am afraid what I may hear concerning
my sons, but I hope I may be prepared, let it be as it wiU. I would
write more but it is the Sabbath. Nov. 22, 1783.
The 20th of June last, we had the sorrowfiil and heavy news of
our son Joseph's death. He died that day two months. He had
been in the service two years and died with consumption, near West
Point ; a loud call to us aU. He was carried into the country and
was comfortably provided for during the last month or six weeks of
his Ufe. What most contributes to my comfort is, God was pleased
to give him a time of consideration. He sent us word not to moum
for him, but to prepare to follow him, for he trusted the etemal state
was secured. Mary JenxiNS.
I have thus brought the record of Sandwich life to the
year 1783. From then till nowj (1889) you perceive, is a pe
riod of rather over a hundred years. It is a period pictur
esque and full of town activites which respond to the political
and social development of the nation, and indeed, may be
said, to run with it. Your town behaviors have always been
conservative but firm, taking the side of law and order.
What I have called in this address the Lollard temper, has
generally asserted itself in your more important votes. • I

76
cannot enter on the detaUs of this last period, nor can I per
form the miracle of telling in an hour or so a history which it
has taken this busy Sandwich 260 years to make. I do not
intend to slur this period. I intend to drop it bodily with a
few references in passing. All along I have been struck
with the inadequacy of any possible mention in this address
of events so mixed and many. Let a man sift as close as he
likes and most of the grain will still lie outside his sieve.
There I leave it for those who may come after.
Yet, I am unwilling to pass over these latter years with
out mention of certain of their phases. This has always
been, for instance, untU. of late, a sea-faring community.
Your sailors, like those of all the other Cape towns, have
been found on almost every sea, in almost every fishery and
certainly in every war which this land has maintained.
Their story is one of romance, indomitable perseverance,
danger, hardship and loss of life ; sometimes of rich reward.
Our merchant service, at least in foreign parts, as well
as our navy is, at present, in abeyance. I cannot tell when
they wUl emerge into their former mastery and splendor. I
am sure that New England men of the English stock, have
too much of the Vikings blood in their veins, to let the car
rying trade of the world remain in British hands. There is
no reason why. In aU that pertains to progress in the me
chanic arts, which are among the great dynamics of civiliza
tion, we have not, to say the least, been laggard or below
the achievement of our English brethren. I take it as a
good omen of our coming naval estate, and also as a matter
of national, and certainly, local pride, that .when, a few
years ago, these same Englishmen challenged our ship build
ers and seamen to an international yacht race, the country
was able to answer with a victorious " Puritan," backed by
a swifter " Volunteer "; both designed by the brain of a young
man of a very old Sandwich family, Mr. Edward Burgess.
I say then on this Cape, so proud of its seamen, and in this
town, which has sent so many of its sons down to the sea in
ships, " All hail to the coming navy of these United States,
both merchantman and war ship. May its white sails be
found on every sea, where winds blow and steady men are
nefeded at the helm! And if ever, (which may God avert,)

76
in coming ages this land should pass again into the vast sor
row of cruel war, may the men, then behind the^guns, have
as stout hearts and as keen eyesight to level them, as had the
ancient seamen of Cape Cod, who in all our wars, on a ship's
deck, maintained the honor of the flag and often brought it
into port laurelled with victory.
The valuation, which the Puritan put on man, forced him
to try and enlarge man in all the elements of his complex
nature. This, he endeavored to do, mainly through his
Church and his public school, that conscience mightbe quick
ened and its domain broadened by sound learning. There
has always been a scholastic air about this town, and educa
tion has been both given and prized in your homes. For
this fact, you have been largely indebted to the Pilgrim
clergy here, and to none more so than to the Rev. Jonathan
Burr, who became your pastor in 1787. I fancy, that it was
due largely to him that the Sandwich Academy* was founded
in 1804. I shall only venture one or two remarks about our
public schools. First, they are an integral part of what I
may call American civilization, and in the line of the Puri
tan political logic. That logic holds that no man, who is the
slave of his ignorance, can ever be a freeman, either in soul
or body, and that an ignorant citizen is always a dubious pa
triot. The public schools came in early and in any event
would go out very late. I am one of those, who think that
they have come to stay.
Thus closes this review of the town life of old Sand-
* 1 am sure that " The Old Academy " building in which so many of us were taughtj should be
carefully described by some one for a permanent lecord. Till a better is shown, let this be said.
Tlie building, say in 1840, was a little dingy, with at least a hint about it, of decadence both
inside and out. It was a rather narrow, long building, facing as the dweUing house on its site
does now. Its front door looked down School street and over it was a small belfry with a still
smaUer bell which when it went tollingj five minutes before nine o'clock, of^en seemed like the
knell of doom to the laggard boy after bird nests or a summer sweeting, across the fields.. . On the
left as you entered the main room through a short entry there was a sort of elevated box or apart
ment some ten feet wide reaching the south wall, separate from the desks below by a wooden
partition 4 to 5ft.. high, painted, I remember, grey — as I have always supposed, the monitors* seat
in the old days. On the right was a raised platform to which two or three long steps led, on which
the master sat. The main aisle wi^s rather oroad running through the middle of the room, and on
each side of it two rows of seats, then another aisle each side with desks for one pupil in each built
against the wall. The middle desks, each side,'l think held two pupils apiece. The desks were
not on a level but rose from the door towards the west, so that at the farther end one had to climb
into the back seats from the main aisle below. The side aisle on the south side was reached by a
short aisle that ran parallel with the front of the monitors' desk or dais. The room must have
been a large one because I remember that a boy in the south-west comer could talk all the mom
ing with his neighbors and not disturb^ the master. In that comer also, apples were easy to cat
without offence to the school authorities with 1 suppose average eyesight. 'The desks were the
common boxes then in use painted a reddish brown with the lids not movable. At the end of the

77
wich. Let it pass for what it is worth, provided always
that you retain the sense that in your history, there are many
things worthy the meditation of the wise. The lesson of
your town history can be but one. It is the duty devolved
upon you by your ancestors, to maintain the ideas for which
they endured their sacrifices. From this duty, none of their
descendants can absolve themselves, except it be by repudi
ating them and their endeavor. The old French saying, no-
blesse oblige, which, in free translation, would read " Nobi
lity of birth compels to nobility of life," describes well
enough our obligation. The keenest swords are always sharp
ened on the grindstone of some gospel of better things for
man, and here that gospel has always been ; and that life,
which is inspired to climb ever higher, towards truth and
right, must be a life that watches, that works, that suffers
for man ; and here that life has been from of old. Let the
Indian root-diggers of the prairies, live content with their
dish of bitter herbs, and die as stolidly as the buffalo of the
plains. Let the South Sea islander feed himself with the
breadfruit over his head, at his hut's door, and sleep throtigh
life, as unreflecting and as careless as his summer sea. The
sceptre of the world is not with him, nor is its future liable
to his brain or hand. But this Puritan land, this Pilgrim
stock of ours, yes, the men of every race, who by their own
assent, have cast in their lot with us, are compromised
and sealed to be compatriots and fellow workmen in build
ing up the great temple of the rights of man, and leading
men up upon the hills, above the reek and miasma of base
main aisle^ west, there was a door low down among the elevated seast, which opened into the
room for girls. This room was the same in width but much shorter than the other. Both rooms
were painted either in browns or greys. Behind this room in the northwest corner was the library
room, in my day, littered with ancient ^ looking books or fragments, some, with edges stained
red and in parchment covers, very awe-inspiring to a young student fresh come to this world, and
seeing for the first time, books really old. There was an abundance of windows in the building,
and on the east and south sides at least, a row of Lombardy poplars. The vrholi look, as 1 recall
it, was dignified. Pilgrim, austere and as of a house which nad known better davs. No master
even deigned to tell us about its history and of what those ragged books meant in the dusty_ library
full of window light and cobwebs. This Academy .fell into aecadence because of the miserable
wrangles which whatever they mi^ht have been otherwise were a very sober genesis of old Puri
tanism into something else. But it was an enterprse nobly planned and deserved success. All
loverS' of sound leaming will respect the zeal and good intent of the men who planned it.
"rhe Rev. Mr. Burr, who had private pupils in nis own family before the Academy was set up,
was the first rector or master. There were pupils from the Cape, the South,^ and the West Indies.
'The history of this Academy which perhaps no one will ever write and which is more difficult as
each generation passes, was not without its romance, in the after lives of its graduates scattered
far and wide. I am told that the initials W. W. are still to be seen carved on one of the window
siUs of Mr. Burr's old house. If so, theystand for William Wainwright, once a pupil here, after,
a distinguished bishop of the Protestant Episcopal diocese of New York.

78
and servile things, to behold those stars of God, which give
light for man to come to his great estate. Our forefathers
compromised us to a great civic toil, lasting into unknown
ages. Let the empire give its subjects rest, and an ampi-
theatre for amusement of the thoughtless ; the republic sum
mons every citizen to a life long vigil ; to a struggle, which
can never cease ; to see that man is not abased and to strive
that he may be lifted up with privilege, and enlarged into the
joy of those, whose life is fulfilled with virtue. The old way of
the world's progress is the only way. The race stands only
at the portals of its achievement. The temple beyond these
gates is grander than our century's thought can grasp. A
thousand millions to inhabit this land, perhaps, in a thous
and years, and this multitude to be guided, fed somehow
with its bread of life. The old way is the best way ; the
martyrs and heroes beyond us in time, are more than those
behind us. The future has grander altars of service, than
even the past. Our soldiers and our seamen, who died in
all our wars, for the flag, sleep deep, having won that eter
nal fame, whose legend must ever be the banner of the free-
But the enemies of the republic lurk at the doors of your
money changers ; in the wanton's chamber; in the ignorance
and pauperism, which must forever live close by the gates of
crime ; in the lust of political power i in the greed of gold ;
in the liar's fable; and in whatsoever enterprise men are
tempted to barter manhood for an advantage, either false or
base. Against these enemies of the republic, only virtue
watches with unshut eye, and the Old Guard of its unwast
ing defence is forever the citizenship of the good. A repub
lic is to be saved every day and is safe no day. But vir
tues are the heart's throbs of those who know and of
those who love. If, at the end of a thousands years of
your town life, Sandwich be one of the most ancient
cradles of a then mighty and happy people, it wUl be
because this nation has gone its way, leaning on its staff of
equal rights for all men in a wise liberty for soul and body,
and has not forgot to follow in all its generations, the
Anglo Saxon, yes, the Pilgrim doctrine, that the health
and happiness of man, in his just privilege, is both the
thought and the will of God.

AT THE TENT.

The mammoth tent, where dinner was served immedi
ately following the oration, was pitched in Mr. Samuel Fes
senden's field, in the rear of the Casino. The tent was 260
feet long, and 80 feet wide, containing 14 tables with a
seating capacity of 2000, and every seat was occupied. The
dinner consisted of a genuine Rhode Island clambake, with all
the modern fixings generally found on such occasions, and
was prepared by Andrew E. Hathaway, of New Bedford.
The exercises at the tent continued, in the presence of
over 2000 people, with the rendering of Mozart's Gloria from
the Twelfth Mass, by a chorus of fifty picked singers from
Bourne and Sandwich, accompanied by Hill's Band, of New
Bedford, all.under the efficient leadership of Mr. H. H. Heald,
of Sandwich. The selection was splendidly given, and re
ceived a tremendous ovation.
The speakers' platform was erected in the centre of the
tent, at the side, on which were seated the president of the
day, speakers, invited guests and other dignitaries.
After the dinner had been given justice, there was a se
lection by the band, followed by the introduction by Hon.
Charles Dillingham, of Sandwich, of Mr. Frank H. Pope, of
Leominster, a native of Sandwich, as toastmaster of the
occasion.

80
OPENING ADDRESS OF FRANK H. POPE.
,Your literary committee has instructed me to dress this
part of the occasion in as sombre a garb as possible, and to
see that no undue levity shall creep in, to mar the pleasure of
the literary feast that is to follow. Just here allow me to in
terrupt myself for a motnent, and call your attention to the
fact that this is a large assemblage, and in order that the dis
tinguished speakers may be heard, it will be necessary that
this vast audience keep as quiet as possible. There is a brass
band playing on my right, and evidently is a competitor of
mine, for your attention, but I do not fear it, having faith in
my power of endurance and vocal strength, I think I can
talk it down without special effort. One reason why I ask
for as little commotion as possible, is, that among the speak
ers whose names I have on the list, are several who have
evinced consumptive tendencies, not that there has been a
consumption of their physical functions, or their mental fac
ulties; but their enormous consumption of victuals has so
swelled their adipose tissue, and set the blood in so great a
state of activity that any special effort upon their part, to be
heard, might result in apoplexy, therefore, I trust that you
will keep as quiet as possible, and not become accessories to
such a possible contingency.
The other day I was looking over that much-read, greatly-
admired, but badly-disconnected novel, by the late Mr. Noah
Webster, and I came across the word " toastmaster." I there
discovered that a toastmaster is a person, who, at public din
ners, announces the toasts and leads or directs the cheering,
so if I should think, in the course of what I may have to say,
that I had given expression to a perfect gem of intellectual
effort, or made a very happy point, and should suddenly start
off in a paroxysm of cheering, do not think me egotistical, do
not think I have too great an admiration for your labors, do
not think that I am trying to lead you astray, I shall simply
be exercising the prerogatives of my position.
As I came back to the old town last night, which I have
not visited for several years, and to which my visits have
been few, since I went forth to do missionary work, revolu
tionize the ways of the world and elevate them to my ideal,

81
I was forcibly struck with two thoughts. One, that upon
general principles the old town hadn't changed much since I
left it, for its welfare ; and the other, that such changes as I
could note, showed a marked tendency and a penchant upon
the part of the rising generation for eestheticism, The first
blow I received was in coming through that village to the
north of us, which in my boyhood days I do not remember
to have ever heard called by any other name than " Herring
River," was now euphoneously cognomened " Bournedale ; "
and I found what I used to know as plain, ordinary, every
day " Scussett," was now putting on all the airs of the young
giri who will make her debut in society, at the grand ball in
the Casino, tonight, and is now sailing under the elevated
title of "Sagamore." Then I came down a little farther and
saw in reality, in part, that which my parents used to talk
about at the family fireside, long before active steps had been ,
taken towards the construction ofthe Cape Cod Ship Canal.
Next, I came to what I used to call " Town Neck," where, as
a barefooted boy, I drove the cows back and forth each day,
for a small, weakly stipend per week. And I wondered if
the fever of aestheticism had set in there ; that the old, famil
iar spot had been robbed of its homely, but companionable
title, and that I shoidd hear it referred to as a fertUe grazing
field for domesticated bovines. Later, as I gazed upon the
old mill pond, upon whose placid bosom I had sailed, rowed
and fished, even here the spirit of euphony was getting in
its work, and I heard it alluded to as the " lake ; " but to me
it is the^ old mill pond still. Then I began to inquire if any
of the places which I knew familiarly in my youth, still held
to their old titles, and I gladly learned that " Snake " and
" Hog " ponds were clothed in all the pristine glory of their
original names.
This morning I stood beside the remnants of the old
willow tree, which stood directly in front of my former home
on Water street, and while beside its decayed stump, which
had for so many years withstood the ravages of the elements,
I sadly, tearfully reflected, how, when a lad, I had played
among its branches, usually one branch at a time, and that
branch usuaUy got to the woodshed before I did, customarily
accompanied by the parent on my father's side, and when we

82
three in convention assembled, it was considerable of an ac
tive time we knew, 1 can assure you. At such times I sowed
the seeds for such " hustling " proclivities as I may enjoy at
the present time. I looked around the old shed and high up,
lodged in a crack, was an object that excited my curiosity.
I investigated, only to find that it was one of the piercing
shrieks I had emitted at one of our woodshed services.
Right here I wish to say to those having chUdren, do not
oblige them to dance at the bend and rod of a willow branch.
Here is a standing illustration ofthe fact that it does no good
whatever. I took a stroll down the street, the first person that I
saw was my old time sable friend, who has been known to
man, ever since the town was incorporated, apparehtly, and
I thought if the time should ever come when I should wish
tp paraphrase that beautiful poem of Tennyson's, entitled,
" The Brook,'" that the revision \yould be :
" For men inay come and men may go,
But Hezekiah seems likely to go on forever."
Next I came to the Unitarian church and up in the bel
fry I \ noticed the ancient bell, whose clanging had been
music \q my soul in the years, now some ways down the cor
ridor of \time, and from its great iron throat came floating
down through the azure a mellow sound, that as it fell upon
my ear, became articulate, and faintly spoken were the
words : " Where's Chas.P., ? I'm lonesome," and then I re
called the old sexton, who for half a century had been
wedded to thaXbell. I remember, too, the spirit and earnest
ness with which, the old-fashioned choir sang the hymns, for
it was in truth a part of the religious service, and the choir
felt so, for it sang, because of its religious zeal, and not be
cause there was a question of a salary.
But a little farther along the street I came to the office
of my old friend, Whittemore, an old and time-honored resi--
dent, who, so far as I know, has managed the only judicial
laundry the town has ever had, and the burden of whose re
frain has been 10 and costs. When I alighted from the train
last evening, the first person to grasp me cordially by the
handy was your police force, who seems to grow more" jolly
and more rotund each time I see him.

83
" Music hath charms to soothe the savage soul," and to
day as I noted the incessant but not pernicious activity of
your fellow townsman, Mr. George McLaughlin, and recalled
that every well regulated family in this part of the state is sup
posed to have among its household furnishings, one of his
New England organs, I could but think if the old adage were
really true and music did soothe, that he must be regarded
as the only human, active soothing syrup Cape Cod ever pro
duced. My friends, in looking over this audience, there are
many thoughts that crowd upon me. I am like an engineer,
I " have her wide open " and am running easily, but swiftly
down grade with nothing to fear, unless I come in contact
with an obstruction ; but I fear I shall meet with an obstacle
in the guise of your displeasure, if I continue longer. I have
already rambled more than was my original intention, and
should I continue, it would not only be discourteous to you,
but to the galaxy of intellectual lights whom you have met
to hear. I have not spoken in a serious vein, for your liter
ary committee informed me they should not expect it, and
because of the assertion of a friend, who assured me that if I
undertook to be otherwise than desultory, and did not allege
to be facetious, that all who knew me would be ready to
swear to an affadavit, that my speech had been written for
me, and was doing neither more nor less than could be done
by a phonograph, so I have but given you a bit of both as a
precursor to the more solidified feast that is to follow.
In closing I wish to give expression to one thought, sug-
f ested forcibly by the sad observations, made this morning
y a well known visitor, now in your midst. We who have
come back to the old home to take part in the festivities of
this occasion, and, although enjoying them to the utmost,
yet in our inner consciousness we are saddened, we feel a
pang of sorrow as we become impressed, even in the midst of
all this gaiety, that not a few of those who were so lovingly
a part of our earlier life, have crossed the grim flood, with
that same ferryman which poets write of, unto the kingdom
of eternal life, and in revisiting the old home and the old
haunts, we keenly realize that there are loved ones gone, and
the taking away of their lives has taken just so much out of

84
the enjoyment of ours, and we recall that when the home
knew no vacant chair, that the circle of that fireside was the
circumference of our lives and desires. As you and I let
our thoughts dwell upon the days of our youth, we can but
sigh * * " for the touch of a vanished hand,
And the sound of a voice that is stUl."
THE TOASTMASTER.
We have with us to-day one so well known to you all
that an introduction would be but a superfluity, one virhom
the people of this Commonwealth have delighted to honor,
one who has shown his eminent qualifications for filling any
and all positions he has been called upon to occupy, and it
is with pleasure that I call upon Hon. John D. Long to re
spond to the toast:
The New England towns — They are the nucleus of the coun-,
try's prosperity, and from which came the sturdy and brainy men,
who have developed the land, tapped its resources, been its mental
and financial prop and placed it at the head of the procession of na
tions. .^„„,^,^„
HON. JOHN D. LONG.
This is certainly a great day for Cape Cod. The spirit
of celebration is echoing all along the sandy length and Ulu-
minating the waters that lovingly embrace it on either side.
On the 1st ult., we re-embalmed the Pilgrims who made
this shore the stepping stone to the Plymouth threshold, and
round, whom, as their shattered barque came in from the per
ils of the deep, the Cape threw its great protecting arm.
To-day we again honor the Pilgrim and pay our tribute to
the fathers who planted and the sons who have watered the
good seed, which, under the blessing of God, has had this
great increase.
A few months ago we celebrated the centennial of the
inauguration of our national government. And yet, what
we were celebrating as a beginning, was itself an accom
plished work, resulting not from any special cause or partic
ular event, but from the natural growth and development

85
of a political and social system, which had started at Ply
mouth and Boston and here in Sandwich a century and a
half earlier. It was a system under which brave and intelli
gent Christian freeman, settling along our coast and expand
ing toward the interior, lived in simple ways, pursued
homely avocations, tilled the soil, built vessels, engaged in
commerce, combined hard manual labor with good social po
sition, enjoyed a democratic church, brought education to
the threshold of every child, inaugurated a republican form
of government by representation, and by a thorough train
ing of one hundred and fifty years prepared the popular
mind for the responsibilities, which national independence
brought. Thus it was that what seemed to Europe the mi
raculous spectacle of a people suddenly assuming self-gov
ernment and a constitution of equal rights, was really no
stranger than that the oak, strong with the growth of centu
ries, should endure the tempest which sways its leafy top,
but disturbs not its trunk or its roots. The institution of the
New England town was the college in which these students in
local self-government graduated, and every man in New Eng
land was such a student. As I think of their work, the con
summation of which we celebrate today, and the story of which
the orator of the morning has rehearsed, I look back through
the long vista of years with a feeling of profound respect and
veneration. You could today in other lands have visited shrines
of grander fame, over which are temples wrought by masters
of architecture and gorgeous with the work of masters of art.
You could in imagination re-create from Greek and Roman, and
still more from Oriental ruins, the magnificent grandeur and
glory of dynasties that have ruled the world. You could in
Westminster Abbey hold communion with the illustrious
dead, who won the most conspicuous glory of warrior and
statesman, orator, poet, scholar and divine. But none of
these suggest to us the humanity and beauty and significance
of the birthplace of a town like this. For here no broken
column of fallen temples tells of the magnificence and luxury
of the few, wrung from the poverty and degradation of the
many ; no statue or shrine perpetuates not so much the
greatness of one man as the inferiority of the body of the
people. Here, rather began that growth of a free people.

86
that common recognition in town organization of the equal
rights of all men, which could not endure that any child
should be uneducated ; or that any poor should remain un
fed : or that any one caste should hold supremacy, or any
other be ground under foot ; or that any slave should long
breathe Massachusetts air. The civilization of other peo
ples has been a slow evolution from misty and barbarous
beginnings, aided even by the invasion or conquest of other
powers. Our fathers began themselves at the summit, stand
ing clear and self-sustained against the sunrise. There are
no shadowy beginnings, no day of mean things; no semi-
barbarism, out of which there has been an exodus, but rather
always a spirit of advanced intellectual and national life.
No more generous enthusiasm for learning goes into your
schools to-day, than they put into theirs. They dotted your
landscape with the spires of churches. I love these towns, and
sigh that for more than half the people of the Common
wealth they exist no longer. Think what magnificent mem
ories and associations they embody for us, and how crowded
is the recoVd of every one of them with heroic names and
with participation in great heroic events. We are no longer
the new world. We are venerable with age. The world
moves now so swift that a hundred years are more than a
thousand in the middle ages.
We look back through the vista of two centuries and a
half, and it is filled with great achievements in behalf of
humanity ; with great names of heroic men and women who
lived not afar off, but were with us and of us ; and with
such great events as the success of popular government,
the emancipation of human thought and faith, the abolition
of slavery, and the inventions of science which have put the
globe into the hollow of man's hand and made the giant
powers of nature obedient servants of human will, and which
will some day scoop out the Cape Cod Ship Canal as deftly
as a lady dips a spoon. With what ancestry in the world
shall we fear to compare ours? Our soil is rich with the
ashes of the good and great, and our tribute goes out to
them the more warmly because it goes not to the few ; not
to an illustrious warrior here or a great benefactor there ;
but to the whole body of those plain, quiet. God-fearing

87
and self-respecting men and women, who so raised the gen
eral level of their ordinary life that any distinction among
them which they made was the accident of circumstance or
necessity, and any distinction which we should make would
be an injustice. What trust have they not imposed upon
us? With them behind us, what is not our duty as the living,
accountable citizens of this and other like communities to
day to those who shall follow us ? Shall we lower the stand
ard? Shall we not rather advance it still higher? The
world is pleading with us from our safe and high vantage-
ground to lend a helping hand, to reach down to our fellow
men and lift them up by help and by example. There never
was a time when the moral instincts were more sensitive than
now. Peace spreads her white wings over us. There is no
field to-day on which to battle with bloody arms for civil
freedom, for religious toleration or against beast or savage
foe. Our conflict must be with the insidious forces that war
upon the moral sentiment, that threaten corruption to our
social and political fabric, tbat invade the manhood and pur
ity and truth of men, that impair the sanctity and happi
ness of home, or that would subvert the institutions that have
made New England a paradise of living, as it is a paradise of
varied and iuAdgorating climate, scenery and sea shore. The
obligations of the noble record along which you look back for
two hundred and fifty years with so much pride are not to
seek for great opportunities remote and afar off, but to aid in
the circle of our own immediate influence and ability in up-
buUding the citizen, in eradicating the subtle evil of intem
perance that is honeycombing society and the State with its
rot ; in diffusing the common education of the people for which
the fathers provided so seduously ; in adjusting not so much
the cold, economic relation of capital and labor as if these were'
distinct factors, but the warm relation of man with man in
the great struggle for happiness in which every mah is a
capitalist and every man a laborer; and in standing firm
against any influence or inroad that threatens the purity of
democratic government. The civilization of the future is
in our own hands. These great causes of temperance, of
the education of the masses, of the purity of our politics,
depend upon our discharge or our negleQ^ of qur duty. If

88
we discharge it, then are we worthy sons of worthy sires.
If we neglect it, then is our celebration of these anniversa
ries, our praise of the fathers, our tribute to their virtues
but sounding brass and tinkling cymbal.

THE TOASTMASTER.
It is my pleasure to give you this sentiment :
The non-resident — Sandwich to-day opens wide her arms of
welcome, and gives a hearty embrace to the stranger within her
gates. She is upholstered in her nattiest attire, wears her most gra
cious smile and beams benignly upon her guests, as she joins the bou
quet of towns that have lived two hundred and fifty years, and
although quite old, as the visitors can see, she is sound in every
limb, not an out about her and, in fact, has but just begun to live.
And to respond to this toast I call upon Gen. John L. Swift.
This toast was responded to by General John L. Swift,
of Boston, in his usual happy and eloquent manner. The
publisher after much correspondence, regrets his inability to
secure his response.
The following poem, written by Miss Mary A. A. Con
roy, of Roxbury, was read by Dr. J. E. Pratt, secretary of
the executive committee : —

1639.

SANDWICH.

1889.

So many years ago it was,
The history like a legend reads;
Our fathers to fair Sandwich came.
To seekv and found a lasting honje.
Of diverse ways, unlike in much;
But bound by common brotherhood,
And veneration for the rights
Of each and ev'ry fellowman.
From Saugus, cathe the pioneers,
And chose, (unwitting artists they)
The fairest spot on alfthe coast;
Where, silver-white the shores enzone
The sparkling sapphire of the bay.
A cluster here of Nature's gems —
Each vieing each, with lavish charm,
Scusset, and Shawme, and Sagamore,
Scorton, Spring HiU, and Manomet,
And old Comassakumkanet !
Green sunny slopes, deep sfiady dells,
Lying in i)anorama spread;
Woomg with thousand witcheries.
The favored one who sees, to rest.
Stretches of velvet meadow land.

Glimpses of verdure unsurpassed:
The eye is sated, while the heart
Is lulled amid this loveliness.
Here gleams the lake, in placid calm ;
And here, a cheerful little rill
Bubbling, and babbling merrily
Offers its nectar exquisite.
' The glades, now sober in the shade,
Smile slowly, 'neath the loving touch
The sun bestows, and his caress,
Their beauty fourfold magnifies.
Here in the Spring, in sheltered nook,
The dainty arbutus unfolds
Its matchless beauty, tho* the snow
Still holds the earth in chill embrace.
Sweet harbinger! The emblem meet
Of hardy courage, which despite
The buffets of ^n unkind fate.
Our fathers, long ago displayed.
Where wends the road its winding way
Around Spring Hill, a pond peeps forth,
Bearing in beauteous affluence,
Hundreds of -lillies, fair and sweet.

These, white and pure as childhood's dreams,
Unconscious of their grace and charm,
And these, all roseate with delight.
Seeing their grace reflected there.
Marshpee, and Wakeby's lovely ]^onds.
Where silvery trout disport and hide,
Glistening, and challenging the rod.
May well the angler's skill invite.
'Mid Wakeby's charms, that statesman great,
Unrivalled Webster, first declaimed
His famed address on Bunker Hill,
While with John Trout, on sport intent.
Truly a fair abiding ^lace !
And so they deemra it, who so well
Defended it in every strait ;
Gave it their service, and their strength:
Sturdy «nd staunch, and leal and true.
The names of Freeman, and of Bourne,
Nye, Dillingham, and their compeers;
We trace, from first to last, upon
The ann^Us of this ancient town.
Foremost in every need of hers.
Their aid to offer. When she called
She found them ready to respond.
As their decendants do to-day.
With strictest justice, every law
They 'ministered, without regard
"To rank of the offending one ;
With their own children rigorous
As with the mere sojourner there.
The naughty ones, who in the church
Grew drowsy, as the sermon prosed;
Or, moved by wanton mischief smiled.
Received a taste of Titus' rod.
The first the freedom to declare,
Of children bom of Afric blood i
Two hundred years before the flame
Of war broke forth for this same cause !
The herald of that glorious dawn
Which was to Hght our darkened land.
Darkened by years of cruel wrong.
The one blot on our nation's page.
And, when old Titus Winchester,
An erst-while slave, his freedom gained.
He gave a token to the town
To prove his fervent gratitude.
The old clock, told for many years,
The flying moments as they sped:
Its broad face smiling on the place
In approbation of the deed.
They toiled, with unremitting care,
With purpose high, and firm resolve.
To make their dwelling place indeed
A home, a haven of repose.
Themselves the object of the hate
Of differing sects, and older creeds.
They learned to tolerate, and shield
The victims of mistaken zeal.
When harshly dealt with, other-where,
i'he Quakers unto Sandwich came,
True friends they found, who scorned to use
¦The power they lield, but granted them
To dwell in peace, the spirit with.
You yet may see anear Spring Hill,
Their -meeting-place, a sylvan glen
Environed by protecting trees.

Here, far removed from curious eyes.
Their God they worshipped silently.
Their choir — the myriad songbirds were,
Their hassocks, stones. The mossy sward
Beneath their feet, their carpet was,
An azure ceil, the sky above ;
No temple made by mortal hands
Could rival this in loveliness.
When Boston neighbors brewed the tea,
Whose flavor ne'er had been excelled;
Its fragrance, wafted on the breeze.
To Shawme was carried, and became
As an elixir to the men
Who drooped beneath the heavy weight
Of unjust laws, a tyrant king
Had on their weary shoulders laid.
They met in solemn conclave, when
The despot's load too weighty grew.
And with a righteous anger, vowed
They would no more the burden bear I
" We never will submit!" they said,
*' To laws unjust, and vile as Hiese!"
Their resolutions to enforce.
They stood prepared to fight — or die (
The Boston Port Bill, Tax on Tea,
And all the arbitrary acts.
Received their censure, while their mote
Was freeW^ paid the rebel cause.
Meltiah Bourne, the timber gave
From which the stafT of freedom rose,
And every man, and stripling too,
Gave of his strength in freedom's cause.
They ready were at first alarm.
To sacrifice their little all.
In common cause, against the wrong
Inflicted on a struggling band,
Struggling amid privations great.
Contending against hostile hordes
Of foes within. Their friends were few,
" For liberty was treason then."
And he who dared the hope to voice
Of freedom from the galling yoke
Worn by the patient colonies,
Was rebel, and ungrateful deemed.
Many there were, who laid their lives,
A holocaust on freedom's shrine.
Many who broke the fondest ties.
Rather than leave the rebel band.
How well they fought, let history tell ;
Their names are blazoned on her page,
Otis, and Freeman, names that live.
Yea, and shall live, eternally !
Heroes there were, who nameless be.
Dying as they had lived, unknown,
Their humbler efforts, helped to make
Our land, the freest 'neath the sun.
No more they ask for royal grant,
WTiich ill-secured protection gave.
Nor treaties, broken soon as made.
I'Tiey won their rights by force of arms.
And owe the praise, to Heav'n alone.
Seeking not riches, but the free
IJntrammelled leave to dwell in peace
With God, and with their fellowmen —
The struggle past, they wrought full well
And patient tilled the stubborn soil;
Sowing and harvesting in turn

90

Till happy fields upon them smiled.
Where late but only tangled growth _
Of strangling weeds rose rank and high,
Orchards, and meadows, fruitful lay,
Crowning their labor with success.
Our aim is not in lofty verse,
The epic of their lives to sing;
Nor with immoderate meed of praise
Their homeiy virtues to extol; —
We would but in remembrance hold,
How much to them the Present owes.
We would but bid their ofifepring, all
Their sires' achievements emulate. — -
Peace reigned. With steady fingers, time
Decade, past decade, telling, in
His well worn rosary of years.
When once again, the lurid light . i .
Of war's dread flambeau, flashed and burned.
And freedom's clarion tones were heard.
Calling on all her loyal sons;
The first to answer the appeal
Were sons of Sandwich, brave, and true,
Ready to fight for the oppressed,
Ready to die, if need there were !
Thro all the land, the wailing voice ;
Of hapless, hunted slaves,- was heard
Imploring justice, craving aid.
The union menaced, and the flag
We loved, insulted by the hosts
Who saw their race was almost run ;
And feared lest right should now prevail.
Where miffht so long had rujed supreme,
A noble company, in truth ¦
Were they who marched from Sandwich town :
A band of earnest, honest men.

Some sleep beneath the blood-stained sod,
At peace — a peace with honor gained;
Some who returned, participate
In these festivities to-day.
Now, black or white, or rich or poor,
In Sandwich town, as equals are.
Men's deedSt not eMuoesiry we hold
In rev' rence, and pay homage to.
The records of men's lives we read,
Beginning whei^e their lyorth begins ;
Ignoble brows but meanly wear,
¦file halo of a long descent.
Still may we point with rightful pride.
To records grand and fair as these.
Still may we vaunt the heritage
Our fathers left, of honest worth.
Our aim— their failings to avoid.
Their sturdy honesty and truth
"To make our own; tnat in our turn
Our pages read as clean as theirs.
Where once, but Puritan, and friend.
The sole and only Christians were.
Now dwell in kindly unity
Members of every sect and creed.
From every steeple, chiming peals
Of varying sweetness call to prayer.
' Baptist and CathoHc iiiiite,
Returning thanks for this glad day.|
We thank Thee, God of Heav'n supreme,.
For all Thy blessings on our town.
We pray "Thy favors yet msiy be
Continued, as in days of old^
We beg for all our glorious land.
Thy firm sustaining grace, for aye:
"rrue peace, and concord, fealty^
And an abiding trust in Thee.

THE TOASTMASTER.
For the speaker next to be introduced there is no set
sentiment; not that the amount of toast has given out, but
he wishes none to be ordered for him, so I shall not confine
him to a prescribed theme. I now present one who is no
stranger to you, who has recently received the benefit of
your suffrages to the extent and efPect that he is now the
representative of the First Massachusetts District in the
National House of Representatives, Hon. Charles S. Randall,
of New Bedford. HON. CHARLES S. RANDALL.
It gives me great pleasure to be present on this occasion
which I feel particularly interested in as being a direct de
scendant of Richard Bourne, of whom the eloquent orator of

91
the day speaks so earnestly and with so much force. I
should have felt that the old documents that I have with me
dating back two hundred years, gave me a passport to this
occasion even had my name been overlooked by the com
mittee on invitations. Many valuable records, deeds and
documents are now in my possession, in looking over which,
I find that Richard Bourne settled in Sandwich in 1637 ; was
an instructor to the Mashpee Indians in 1658, and was or
dained by Elliott arid Cotton in 1670 as a preacher and died
in 1682. He had two sons : John was born in Sandwich in
1670, moved to Rochester, Plymouth County, in 1699,
bought land there from one Doty, married one Elizabeth Ar
nold, daughter of Samuel Arnold, the first minister settled
in the town of Rochester, and died May 6, 1709. His
daughter, Elizabeth Arnold Bourne, married Charles Sturte
vant, of Plymouth, who settled upon the farm of her father,
John Bourne, who was my great great grandfather ; and tbat
property, settled by the son of Richard Bourne in 1699, in
Rochester, now belongs to myself and to members of ^y
family. Here the speaker read from an old deed of one of the
sons of Richard Bourne, conveying to his son a tract of l^nd
on Herring River, in which was stated, " that he was to
maintain a mill for the grinding of corn of the people of
Sandwich, and always keep the mill in satisfactory repair,
and that he should grind the corn for the said people for two
quarts per bushel, and in failure to comply with that stipula
tion the property to revert to the heirs-at-law." Another
extract from the will of a daughter of Richard Bourne show
ing the religious spirit that entered into their daily life, was
as follows : " Being desirous to get my house in order, and
knowing that my departure out of this world draweth nigh,
I do make and ordain this my last will and testament, giving
my soul to God and my body to be buried at the discretion
of my executors, and of such worldly estate as it has pleased
God to bless me with, " etc. I read this extract to show the
contrast between the business methods of that and the pres
ent day.

92
THE TOASTMASTER.
Among those who went through the long march this
noon were not a few of the old veterans, to whom such a
march in the years past was not a serious task ; but today
they staggered, not only beneath the scorching rays of the
sun, but under the weight of advanced years. I think they
will be amply repaid for their exertions when I shall an
nounce the next speaker, for he is one who has the best
wishes of the old soldiers at heart. In this connection I
want to tell a little story. When the war broke out there
was a little fellow in a small town of Hampshire county,
only thirteen years of age who was bound to go to the front.
His good mother demurred, yet he was determined to go and
upon the assurance that he would be well looked after by
some of the larger boys, her consent was given, and the lad
enlisted as drummer boy in Co. C. 10th Regiment, and in the
army records became known as the drummer boy of the
Rappahannock. During the long marches, when the short
legs of the diminutive drummer boy would weaken, and
marching was a severe ordeal for him, the great, strong men
would take him on their shoulders, and while he slept they
would carry him over many a weary mile. It gives me
great pleasure, in calling upon him at this time, not so much
because he is your guest, not because he is Past Department
Commander of the veterans of this commonwealth, but be
cause of our personal friendship, and I give this sentiment :
The soldier in time of war, the bulwark of the nation ; in time
of peace one whom it is a delight to honor ; one who compels our
admiration, as he "Shoulders his crutch and shows how fields are
won." For all he dared, remember him today. And to respond I
call upon the " Drummer Boy of the Rappahannock," Col. Myron P.
Walker, of Belchertown.
RESPONSE OF COL. MYRON P. WALKER.
I fully appreciate the opportunity to be present today
and take part in the festivities of this important and joyous
occasion. I thank you, brother Pope, for your introduction
which is kind, I fear far beyond my merit, and I am grate
ful to this splendid audience for so cordial a greeting. You
may be sure, however, that I will not impose upon your good

93
nature, and that my observations will certainly possess, at
least, the merit of brevity. Your historian and others have,
in story, made interesting the events which you celebrate to
day, of which I had little previous knowledge, and yet I can
rejoice with you, because your glory is the glory of Massa
chusetts, and though I came from the hills and villages of a
distant county still, anything and everything which tends
to the credit of our beloved commonwealth awakens in me
the satisfaction and pride which is at all times becoming in
her faithful and loyal sons wherever they may dwell.
I love to hear the old stories of the trials and hardships
of our ancestors ; they are. to me an inspiration, and when
ever I bear or think about them, I become more deeply im
pressed with the value of our own possessions. And yet, in
connection with the sentiment you have given to me, there
comes the thought, that in this age of progress, we must_ not
place our dependence upon ancient history or tradition,
We must not be content with the record made by our sires,
but instead, build monuments which, in our own hereafter,
will teU that we, too, had some part and share in the great
ness and splendor of our nation.
It is not out of place at this time, nor will it ever be, to
remember that there came a time when the monuments build
ed by our forefathers — when the very life of our nation, was
threatened with destruction. Then it was that the men of
our time came to the rescue ; the fires of patriotism were
kindled anew ; the American citizen became the soldier,
" the bulwark of the nation," and thanks to his valor and
sacrifice, the nation which came into existence under our an
cestors, was preserved for us and for future generations,
great, glorious and truly free.
This is not a soldier's day, as I understand it, but as
your eye rests upon the veteran soldiers and sailors who par
ticipate in these exercises, it is well to remember that they
have erected monuments which will ever represent patriotism
in its highest and purest sense; fidelity to the constitution
and laws of one's country, devotion to liberty and humanity
unparalleled in the history of the world. Of course it is al
ways a pleasure for me to talk about my veteran friends, be
cause I believe in them and know something of what they

94
have accomplished. Other veterans may have made our
country, but the soldiers and sailors of '61 to '65 proved them
selves the " bulwark of the nation," and the seal of Appo
mattox is upon their work.
I am not unmindful of the fact that during the war
splendid and patriotic service was rendered by thousands of
loyal men and women who did uot go to the front. They
gave liberally of their time and substance to sustain the
armies in the field, and if my memory serves mC, the iown of
Sandwich with a population of less than 4600 in 1860, appro
priated and expended on account of the war more than
f3^,000 and paid for aid to the families of your soldiers more
th^ri $20,000, which was afterwards refunded by the State.
Ti(is is a splendid record, but the same authority states that
you furnished for the army and navy about four liundred
men, which was a surplus of two over and above all (femands
m^de upon you. Oh ! my friends, it is one thing to love your
country and its flag, but it is something entirely different to
be willing to fight and if need be die for them. You who re-
matined at home gave and sacrificed much, but the men who
weht to the front on the land or on the sea, gave more."" They
parted from home and loved ones, and for long and many
years faced danger and death. For what ? personal advance
ment or gain ? Oh no! but that the union might be preserved.
A race enslaved know the blessings of liberty, and may the
beautiful flag of our country be preserved as your flag and
mine without a stain, and without the loss of a single star.
Think kindly of these old veterans my friends! You
won't have them with you long, and when the historian of
two hundred and fifty years hence shall tell his story, I fancy-
that by the side of the man who made possible our country,
he will place the man who defended and saved it in the hour
of greatest peril, proving themselves in every sense, "the bul
wark of the nation." THE TOASTMASTER.
And now we have the old bell man. No one is better
known in your midst. The old bell man, may he long con
tinue as the silent partner of that old bell ; may he be tied
to ; that bell rope for many years to come, and we con-

95
gratulate him that he can stop its noisy tongue whenever he
wishes. I present to you Sandwich's oldest church sexton,
Inpoint of years of service — Mr. Charles E. Pope.
CHARLES E. POPE.
I feel somewhat scrupulous in occupying any portion of
your time, 6n this interesting and indeed rare occasion, by re
lating an experifence of a half-century at a church bell-rope;
but a word or two in reference to the old town of my birth,
and of which I am still a citizen. We learn, both from his
tory and tradition, that ninety-four years before the birth of
George Washington, the first President of our Great Repub
lic, which today embraces a population exceeding sixty-five
millions of souls, or, in other words, in the year 1638, as the
sumnier season had drawn to its close, a little company of
men women and children left their homes in the town of
Saugus, of which Lynn was originally a part, and sailed
along the Atlantic coast to the shore of Cape Cod, there
they landed and located themselves by the seaside in what
was then a wilderness bearing the Indian name "Shawme,"
which is today, our little toVra of Sandwich. The motives
which pi-bmpted them to come hither, were better known to
thetnselTes than to us. Judging from the moral and religious
character of the Puritans and their immediate descendants, a6
well as others scattered abroad over different sections of New
England, at that early period, I draw the conclusion that those
pioneers must liave been moved by the same spirit that filled
the heart of the Saviour of the world, (according to the Gos
pel niarrative) when he went out from that Jewish Synagogue
into a mountain to pray, nearly nineteen hundred years ago,
for that little band brought with them an organized chufch
and planted it here whose two hundred and fiftieth anniversary
was Celebrated in the old First Church and Parish one year ago.
To that church they were devoted and gave it a strong moral
and religious support, as well as a legal one, for our country at
that early period was under a provincial government subject
to the laws of Great Britain, with King Charles the First
sitting Upon its throne. It was church and state here and
everywhere throughout New England, people without dis
tinction were required by law to be taxed for the support

96
of the gospel whether they believed it or not. How striking
indeed is the contrast between the religious ideas entertained
by those early settlers, to those who surround us at the
present hour. Under our republican form of government,
where we are protected in the right to free labor and free
speech, we are also permitted to worship God according to
conscience. That is truly the great American idea, and as an
American citizen I make the assertion, without reserve, I
would not have any religious sect of Christendom or the
wide world to gain that ascendency in our country whereby
they might (if they choose) establish their system of re
ligious faith as a state religion. God forbid ! for in such an
event, we might lay our hand upon our heart and exclaim :
Farewell to American Liberty.
Today we gather ourselves here with families and
friends, both at home and from abroad, around this festive
board, to celebrate the two hundred and fiftieth anniversary
of its incorporation as a town, and we have listened with in
terest this day, to the stories told of our ancestry. Coming
here as they did, and landing upon the sterile soil and bar
ren sands of Cape Cod, on the third day of September, with
an eye to an approaching winter, they undoubtedly endured
and suffered privations common to all first settlers. In the
formation of their settlement, after providing themselves
places of shelter and thence passing away the long and
dreary months of winter, when the spring-time had come,
their attention must have been given to the tillage of the
soil, to the cultivation of such crops as were necessary to
their physical support, therefore farming must have been
their leading industry and continued so for more than a cen
tury and a half. More popular indeed was that calling to
them and to their immediate descendants than us at the pres
ent period of our history. As we stand here day after day
and gaze upon the hills and vales we occupy, we can picture
to our imagination the farmers of the olden time feeding their
flocks and herds. The little streams that gurgled forth from
the hillsides were stayed, in their natural course to the sea, by
the raising of dams and the building of mills, in which to
grind the grain the product of their farms. I stand before
you today a young man, comparatively speaking, to the age of

97
our ancient town; yet I can call distinctly to mind when
there were eight little grain mills in running operation in dif
ferent sections of the original Sandwich. There was one at
East Sandwich, one at Spring Hill, one here in Sandwich
proper on the site and stream where the Sandwich Tag Com
pany's factory now stands, owned and run by the enterprising
Nye Brothers, one at Scussett, now Sagamore, the birthplace
and early home of the late Benjamin Burgess, who after
wards became a wealthy Boston merchant and was dis
tinguished among us in carrying on ship building in that lo
cality, one at Herring River, now bearing the romantic name
of Bournedale, one at Monument, now the seat of government
of the new town of Bourne, and which has so recently taken
her place among the incorporate bodies of our Commonwealth,
one at Pocasset, one at Cataumet, making three in Sandwich
and five in Bourne. Those eight little grain mills gave em
ployment to eight millers, and I venture to say, judging from
the economical mode of living in those days, that the proceeds
of their grinding gave support to eight families. Since then
that small industry has passed entirely away so that our peo
ple have been obliged to look abroad for their meal, and our
farmers placed under the necessity of driving their teams
with grain of their own raising, from nine to fifteen miles, to
Marston's Mills or Waquoit, to be ground into meal. I am
happy to say that an association has been recently formed in
the eastern section of the town whose members have shown
themselves progressive and with an eye also to their own per
sonal interest, have built a mill for themselves in which
to grind their grain and also to serve as an accommodation to
the people at large. There was also running at that time
three little tanneries at East Sandwich, Spring Hill and in
this locality, where the hides, taken from the cattle of our
farmers, were carried, and thrust into vats and passed through
the tanning process into leather, thence taken to the benches
of the village cobblers and made into shoes for husbands
and wives, sons and daughters, to wear, and I £'dncy the youths
and maidens of today would blush to wear the boots and
shoes of those by-gone days.
In the winter of 1824-25 a man, by the name of Jabez
P.ame, c^me to Sandwich, prospecting under the direction of

98
the late Deming Jarves, a man well known to our older citi
zens. He passed around among the people in a quiet unsus
pecting manner until he accomplished his purpose in the pur
chase of the site upon which the Boston & Sandwich Glass
Factory now sta;nds, whereupon a small building was erected,
or " crib," as mo'dern glass-makers would term it, which sig
nifies a building of small capacity in which to carry on glass-
making on a small scale, and under the guidance and super
intendence of Mr. Jarves, glass-making was commenced in
Sandwich on the fourth day of July, 1825. Soon after a
stock company was formed and became incorporated, under
the style of the Boston & Sandwich Glass Company, their
works were enlarged, more substantial buildings were con
structed, busine'ss rapidly increased as well as population
both by bitths and families moving into the town. Sand
wich at that time took the lead, in growth, of other towns of
Barnstable courity. Twenty-three hundred acres of wood
land were purchased, which is in possession of the company
today. Three thousand cords of oak and pine wood were
annually consumed in the furnaces of the works, aside from
that used by the inhabitants, which gave employment to
fifty pairs of oxen, owned by the company and the farmers
around. The number of yoke are at this time reduced to a
unit and can be represented by the indfex^ finger of my right
hand. By the location of the Sandwich glass works here
was created a hOme market for the sale of the surplus pro
duce pf our farmers. Those were indeed the palmy days of
Sandwich ; but alas ! in consequence of the formation of
labor organizations springing up throughout the manufactur
ing sections of our country, creating a conflict betweein cap
ital and labor, the fires of the Boston & Sandwich Glass
Company have become extinguished, and to us it appears a
foregone conclusion that those fires have gone out forever, as
far as the manufacture of glassware is concerned.
I will not extend my remarks by speaking of other de
parted industries of Sandwich; but will close by adopting
the sentiment embraced in our Governor's Proclamations,
"God save the Commonwealth of Massachusetts," having
faith to believe that there may yet appear above the horizon
" a cloud with a silver lining," will further ask that the In-

99
finite One who sees the little sparrow fall, will save and
prosper the old town of Sandwich.

ODE.
WRITTEN BY DANIEL F. CHESSMAN, OF SANDWICH, AND SUNG TO THE TUNE OF AMERICA.
Here, Avhere our fathers came,
Throt^ love to Christ's dear name,
fTo him to pray ; —
Breasting Atlantic's waves.
Fearless of Indian braves,
Or whfcre might be their graves,
, We come, this day.
" Rigig Arm" of '* Old Bay State,"
The bfllows round it wait
trhewillof God; —
Claspnbd firm in its embrace,
ObediiEnt to His grace.
The Wand'rers found their place
On " Old Cape Cod."
Here, where the Pilgrims dwelt.
Here, where to God they knelt,
^y this broad bay ; —
Hercj -.where their noble deeds,
Theirtargest hope exceeds.
And fitls our highest needs.
We come, this day.

They loved these sand girt shores.
There briny water roars, -r-
They loved them well; —
Te prize the.se rolHnjg seas.
The rushing ocean breeze.
The blasts that bend our trees.
Love where we dwell.
Then let exultant song,
Roll heaven's high arch along,
In grateful praise; —
Here, where our lot is cast.
We reap, in mercies vast.
Rich harvests of the past.
In these last days^
Our fathers loved the truth,
And in our country's youth.
Maintained the right; -~
Now let their sons arouse,
R^dee^ their fathe:r's vows,
Each righteous cause espouse
In love and might.

CLOSING REMARKS BY THE TOASTMASTER.
This closes the post-prandial exercises. There was to
have bfcen a musical selection at this time, but the lateness of
the hour and the departure of the musicians necessitates its
omission. I might make use of the stereotyped assertion
that we will all meet again at the next celebration, but will
content myself with simply asking you to accept the benedic
tion of the Pope.

THE BOAT CARNIVAL.

The Venetian Boat Carnival was the prettiest sight of
the entire day. It occurred soon after seven o'clock, and
consisted of some forty boats, barges and floats, beautifully
trimmed and festooned with Japanese lanterns and . bunting,
and as the brilliant boat procession passed over the pictur
esque lake cheer upon cheer was given by the thousands of
people that lined all the shores. As the flotilla approached
the exhibition raft of Messrs. Masten & Wells, the boats
were bombarded with water batteries, throwing colored fires
of crimson, ruby and emerald. Rockets exploded on the
water surface, fiery fountains threw up their golden spray,
geysers of fire filled the air with phosphoric flames, wheels
revolved and scattered silver mist and crimson illumination,
contorting serpents and exploding dragons rose from the
water and discharged at the fleet flames of dazzling fire,
while floating fires covered the water in all directions among
the fleet from shore to shore. No little credit is due Mr. F.
E. Elwell, the well-known sculptor, and a summer resident
of Sandwich, who personally conducted this carnival in a sim
ilar manner to those he had witnessed abroad.

101
THE FIREWORKS.

The display of fireworks under the personal direction of
Messrs. Masten and Wells, of Boston, from Tobey's Point
bordering the lake, commenced immediately after the boat
carnival and continued nearly two hours in the presence of
5000 people. The extensive illuminations in the immediate
vicinity added very much to the grandeur of this part of the
day's exercises. The display was pronounced the largest and
most elaborate ever seen in Barnstable county. The pro-
gri^mme comprised twenty-nine pieces, besides innumerable
rockets, roman candles, colored fires, etc. The following set
pieces, which concluded this feature of the day's exercises
were particularly interesting: —
The first settler, " The Indian Hunter," reappears in view
with his bow and arrows, exhibits his skilful use of those in
struments in war or peaceful hunt.
The grand finale of the evening's display was preceded
by an illumination of red, white and blue, disclosing the final
exhibit, which consisted of a magnificent Ionic column. A
shaft of 35 feet was seen richly decorated with lance work
and fluted tiers of fire. The shaft was encircled with a
wreath of ruby and agate jewelry and adorned with a ribbon
of silver, bearing the date 1639 — 1889, with the name of
Sandwich in its centre. At the base of the column sprang
immense mines of meteoric and gun fires, mosaic batteries,
etc. The capital supported an immense globe of silver and
golden fire upon the top of which the American eagle was
seen, perched with extended wings, as if about to make his
aerial flight; and on either side of the column from flag staff
and spear head, gracefully draped the flags of the Union, in
red, white and blue, and amid the discharge of rockets, music
and batteries, common bombs and clustered shells, the final
design expired and the display ended.
THE BALL.

The ball at the Casino which fittingly closed the exer
cises of the day, was the grandest event on record in south-

102
eastern Massachusetts. The spacious ball room looked
charming in its elaborate dress of delicate shades of blue,
pink and nile green muslin material, artistically festooned
from the sides to the centre. The colors blended well to
gether, and with the powerful electric lights, the handsome
costumes of the ladies and gentlemen in full evening dress,
the scene was a brilliant one to behold. The music by the
Germania band, of Boston, ten pieces, was the finest ever
heard in Sandwich, which is saying much, and so pleased
were those present with their selections, that they were ap
plauded again and again. There were present several digni
taries, including Lieut. Governor Brackett, and two members
of his staff in full military uniform, Councillor Keith, of Sag
amore, Senator W. A. Clark Jr., of Lynn, Hon. W. W.
Crapo, of New Bedford, Col. M. P. Walker, of Belchertown,
Judge Harriman, Ex-Senator Howes Norris, of Cottage City,
Col. Benj. S. Lovell, of Weymouth, and many others.
The success of the ball is due to the untiring efforts of
A. Frank Sherman as director, assisted by Theodore L.
Southack, Arthur Braman, William A. Nye, Francis Mur
phy, John A. Holway, Frank O. Ellis, James H. Kellehar,
Dr. G. E. White, W. R. Gibbs Jr., Eben C. Keith, as aids.
It is estimated that one hundred couples were on the floor,
besides a large crowd of interested spectators.

CELEBRATION NOTES.

TO BARNSTABLE.

.Editors of the Patriot : —
Will you permit me space for a few words to the people
of Barnstable ? During last and the earlier part of this year
it was hoped that the sister towns which were incorporated
together in 1639, would unite in a celebration commensurate
with their combined wealth and the importance of the occa
sion of their 250th anniversary. Early in this year Yar
mouth and Dennis withdrew from the alliance, but there was
still hope and expectation, indeed, that the remaining towns
— Barnstable, Sandwich and Bourne would pull together
and have a union celebration in accordance not only with the
wishes of the several towns as expressed in town meetings,
but with the desire, as nearly as could be ascertained, of
their individual citizejis. The action of the Barnstable
committee in postponing for fifty years their celebration left
Sandwich and Bourne alone in the matter. Notwithstanding
these disappointments, our people have taken hold with com
mendable zeal and pushed forward the preparations for such
an event as we have the ability to provide.
Through the town's generous appropriation and the very
liberal donations of the people of Bourne and absent friends
of the old town, we are able to announce attractions for the 3d

104
of September of considerable variety and proportions. , The
people in the several villages of Barnstable have already
been made acquainted with the general programme for that
day from the large posters already displayed.
I desire in behalf of the joint committees of Sandwich
and Bourne, to extend a cordial invitation to the people of
Barnstable, to participate in these festivities and help us cel
ebrate fittingly the history and memories of two hundred and
fifty years. J. E. Pkatt, Secretary.
SPECIAL NOTICE.

Office of the Selectmen.
Sandwich, Aug. 29.
Teams will not be allowed on the streets^through which
the procession will move, during the parade, September 3.
The explosion of firecrackers, torpedoes, bombs, guns or
pistols, on the streets or squares, during the day or evening,
is positively forbidden.
Chas. Dillingham, \
Benj. F. Chamberlain, \ Selectmen of Sandwich.
F. H. BUEGESS, )
Ex-Gov. Long was late in reaching Sandwich, owing
to the tracks being blockaded near Quincy.
Mr. Walter G. Hamlen, a local printer, circulated a very
attractive advertising sheet which contained the official pro
gramme of the day.
Mrs. R. C. Clark had on her piazza as the procession
passed a spinning wheel over 150 years old and other articles
of interest to those who stopped for inspection.
The State Police as well as the ofiicers from Brockton
who were on duty, say that a more orderly crowd is seldom
found. Not an arrest was made during the day.
Both the Boston Grlobe and Boston Herald in the issue
of Sunday, September 1, had lengthy articles, finely illustra
ted, of a historic character on the old town of Sandwich.

105
The Governor's staff was represented by Cols. E. H.
Woods and A. L. Newman ; the Governor's council by
Messrs. Keith, Johnson, Fuller and Jewell, and Lieut. Gov.
Brackett. It has been very entertaining to read of the celebrations
in the quaint old Cape towns this week. If the world had
seen as much of the Cape people as the Cape people have seen
of the world they would not have been so much misunderstood.
— Boston Globe.
Railroad sandwiches are notoriously long lived and cor
respondingly tough, but Massachusetts has a Sandwich al
most 250 years old and as fresh as ever. It will have a grand
quarter millenial celebration, in September in which the child
it has, Bourne, will take part. — Brockton Q-aeette.
In the afternoon at three o'clock, there was a most ex
citing game of base ball on the grounds in the rear of the
large tent, which was witnessed by a large number, be
tween the Bristols of New Bedford and Athletics of Sand
wich. The Athletics were defeated in a score of 6 to 8.
Everybody enjoyed the celebration, particularly the
beautiful and unique feature of the Venetian boat carnival
on Pleasant Lake in the evening, the prettily lighted boats
and the fine pyrotechnic exhibition, presenting a brilliant
scene. The road from Plymouth to Sandwich was found to
be a terribly hard one to drive over, and there were none who
traversed the distance who did not wish for that long con
templated railroad between the two places. — Plymouth Me
morial. Cape Cod has tovni triplets in Barnstable, Yarmouth and
Sandwich. They were born on the same day and are each
250 years old. Sandwich and Yarmouth kept open house for
all their relations, and there were a right good time with
much inspiration of music and eloquence. Barnstable for
some reason did not entertain, but contented itself with a
great retrospect of the past and the present satisfaction of
having a new collector doing business, what there is of it, at
the old stand. — Boston Traveller.

106
It is an undisputed fact that the grand ball was the
finest and most dressy affair ever held on Cape Cod, or its
immediate vicinity. The committee having it in charge are
to be congratulated on their success. The electric lights
which were furnished by the plant used on the mammoth
dredge in the construction of the Cape Cod canal, and
kindly loaned by the contractor, Mr. Frederick A. Lock-
wood were the first ever exhibited on Cape Cod and added
very materially to the grandeur of the ball. — [Falmouth
Local. A notable incident of the day was the appearance of
Miss Ethel Soule, daughter of Mr. Nathaniel P. Soule, of
New Bedford, whose wife is a native of Sandwich, as the
Goddess of Liberty, in front of the residence of Mrs. J. W.
Dalton. She stood under a canopy made of bunting of the
national colors and was beautifully draped in the American
flag. While the procession passed before her she' waved two
tiny flags, one the star-spangled banner the other the emblem
of Erin. Her youthful appearance captivated the beholders
and brought forth from the marching lines salutations and
encomiums of praise. — \_The Barnstable County Journal.
Up from the Cape there have been heard this week
harmonious sounds of celebration — the reading of poems,
the delivery of addresses and sermons, the singing of songs
and the pleasant, congratulatory words of visitors to histori
cal old towns. Across the streets of Sandwich, now more
popular than ever in its history, green arches of welcome
have given the region a look of unwonted luxuriance of veg
etation ; in the churches of Yarmouth, have been hung gar
lands of festivities, and in all the houses of the neighbor
hood there has been the appearance of especial cheer. The
towns of Cape Cod have always appreciated the respectable
prestige of ancient settlement. When the landing of the
Pilgrims at Plymouth was given its recent grand remem
brance, Provincetown was proudly silent in the knowledge
that the first visit of the Mayfiower to New England was
paid to her shores, and that the real landing of the Pilgrims
in this country was accomplished upon the sands of the top
of Cape Cod. Whether on account of the lack of pretence

107
shown by Provincetown or because of indifference, the his
tory of the Cape is not known, as it should be, by the rest
of the State ; and a celebration like that of this week's anni
versary serves a useful purpose in showing the character of
the past and the condition of the present. The thrift, the
industry and the independence of the New England people
are nowhere illustrated more effectively than in the towns of
Cape Cod, by no means as barren and as poor in giving sus
tenance as the majority of people believe. — [Boston Journal.
During the day there were Band concerts as follows :
Bourne Band, 7.30, Post Office Square.
Middleboro Band, 2.30, Post Office Square.
Hill's Band, 4, Post Office Square.
Bourne Band, 3, near Town Hall.
Sagamore Band, 3, Base Ball Grounds.
Middleboro Band, 7, near Linekin's House.
Bourne Band, 7, opposite R. T. Pope's.

LETTERS.

Bak Hakboe, Me., Aug. 10, 1889.
Your letter of the 8th instant, inviting the President to
be present on the occasion of the 250th anniversary of the
founding of Sandwich, has been received. He directs me to
thank you and the Selectmen for the courtesy of the invita
tion to attend this very interesting commemoration, but the
pressure of public duty will prevent him from doing himself
the pleasure of joining with you in the exercises of this day.
Yours Very Truly, E. W. Halfoed, Private Secretary.

Maeion, Mass., Aug. 15, 1889.
We are in the midst of packing in readiness to leave here
today for Northern New York, where we shall remain until
after the date of the Sandwich celebration to which you
kindly invited us. This will prevent our acceptance of your
courteous invitation, but in behalf of Mrs. Cleveland and for

108
myself, I desire to thank you for remembering us in connec
tion with this interesting occasion and to assure you that we
shall always be glad that we have had a glimpse of your beau
tiful village. Hoping that your anniversary celebration may
be thoroughly enjoyed by all who are fortunate enough to
participate. I am Yours Very Truly,
Gbovee Cleveland.

BrrzzAKDS Bay, July 28, 1889.
I am in receipt of your postal announcing my election
to a membership on the invitation committee. Believe me
that I fully appreciate the honor and only regret that my
present engagements will take up all the time I have to
spare. I shall however try and be present at this interesting
occasion of the 250th anniversary of your incorporation.
Faithfully Yours, J. Jefpeeson.

Boston, Aug. 29, 1889.
I wrote to Mr. Dillingham that I could not be depended
upon for an address as I have no data and am not facile in
such matters ; besides I am suffering from a very severe cold,
which leaves me with a bad head and no voice just now. If
I feel better I will go to the celebration and say a word if I
can think of anything ; but if I do not fully recover I can
not go at all. However, " I never will be missed," and so
here's success to the celebration, whether I am present or
not. I am Yours Very Truly, Pateick a. Collins.

Taunton, Mass., Sept. 4, 1889.
Will you have the kindness to express to your committee
my congratulations at the grand success of your celebration.
Knowing as I do, the anxiety and labor involved, I can ap
preciate their work and its good results. I am gratefiil for
the courtesy and kindness shown me in my attendance.
Yours Very Truly, S. Hopkins Emeet,
President Old Colony Historical Society.

109 Boston. Feb. 21, 1889.
Your favor of the 20th inst. received, and in reply — I
have no letters to publish. Everybody came, had a good
time, went home happy, and no doubt would like to see and
enjoy another 250th anniversary of the old town of Sand
wich. I do not care to have my speech incorporated in the
report, but I do desire to thank the mother town for the
great generosity and courtesy with which she treated her
offspring on that occasion and to extend to her a very hearty
invitation to the 250th anniversary of her offspring, and to
every public occasion to come before that time.
Very truly yours, Isaac N. Keith.

Hyannis, July 27, li
Yours of today received, I am pleased to learn that the
town of Sandwich has decided, to celebrate its Quarter Mil
lennial Anniversary. No one regrets more than myself, that
Barnstable, my native town, should have refused, through its
committee, to unite with you. I wish to thank the execu
tive committee, for their kind remembrance in making me a
member of the committee on literary exercises. While I
would be pleased to do what I could to make the celebration
a success, I cannot see my way clear to accept. The towns
of Sandwich and Bourne have an abundance of material from
which to draw for the committee. With my best wishes for
the success of the celebration, I enclose my check to assist in
defraying the expense. I remain
Yours Truly, Samuel Snow.

Deteoit, Sept. 9, 1889.
On my return from Europe I find your card with the in
vitation to the 250 Anniversary of the incorporation of the
town of Sandwich, and I beg to explain that the want of
courtesy in not answering the same arose solely from my
absence from Detroit. Hoping that you had asuccessful an d
pleasant meeting, believe me
Sincerely Yours,
Deming Jaeves.

110
Albuegh Speings, Vt., Aug. 13, 1889.
I thank you for your very urgent and kind invitation to
participate in the unusually interesting celebration you men
tion. It would give me great pleasure to accept, but I am
sorry to be compelled to write that I cannot. I have had a
sick family all summer about me and just succeeded in get
ting it out of town to the mountains. I shall not get away
from here until the last of the month, and then 1 have en
gagements untU the last of September. I trust that I shall
not be missed in the hosts that will gather at your celebra
tion, and that everything will so transpire as to produce the
greatest success and highest enjoyment.
Very Truly Yours,
Geoege M. Stbans.

West Newton, Aug. 30, 1889.
Your kind invitation is received with thanks as I return
from Maine this A. m. It will give Mrs. Allen and self great
pleasure to be present on this interesting occasion and to
learn more of the history of the ancient town. Mrs. Allen
is the eldest daughter of James Nye Bassett and his wife,
Rebecca Freeman, both natives of Sandwich (East Sand
wich.) While not a native of Sandwich, I claim a goodly
heritage. My mother, Lucy Lane, of Scituate, descending
from the Pilgrim stock, and my father, Ellis Allen, of Med-
field from the Puritans. Besides having many relatives in
your town, there are quite a number of our former students,
residents of Sandwich. Yours Truly,
Nathaniel T. Allen.

BAENSTABLE, Mass., Aug. 31, '89.
I have received your kind invitation. I regret to say
that on account of an accident to one of my family, I
shall be unable to attend. Please accept my thanks and con
gratulations on the happy event you celebrate.
Very Truly Yours,
Smith K. Hopkins.

Ill
Kansas City, Mo., Aug. 28, 1889.
It is with regret that I am so much engaged at present
to be unable to assemble with you in my beloved birthplace.
Sandwich, with my dear relatives, also with iny merry com
rades of the late war and compapions of youth, as well as
my good old school teachers. You cannot imagine the
merry thoughts of my youthful days that come back to me
as I look over the illustration on my card of invite, aud how
I wish I could join with you and take part in the pleasure of
a grand time, that I expect you will have, in a good old town
filled vnth as fine a body of' fellowmen, women and children,
as ever were born in any town in the Baj' State or any other
State. Accept my best wishes for pleasant weathef and a
good time. I wish I could be with you for many reasons.
First, to meet my relatives and friends, also to take a look at
the graves of my good father and sister now sleeping in your
midst. God made him good if not great, and beloved by his
fellowmen. Hoping you will remember his good ways while
he lived, in behalf of the town's good, I remain a true and
loving son of my old town of Sandwich.
Daniel V. Keen.

New Bbdfoed, Sept. 2, 1889.
I regret very much my inability to be able to join with
your Post and my fellow-townsmen in the grand celebration.
Should there be any historical record written upon the cel
ebration, I wish you would see that I have the honor of be
ing the first native born citizen, who volunteered in the war
of the Rebellion, enlisted with the New Bedford city Guard
in Boston, April 17, 1861, and mustered into service at Fort
ress Munroe, Va., April 19, 1861.
Yours in F. C. and L.,
Geoege H. Febeman.

Boston, Aug. 10, 1889.
Enclosed please find my check for $50. I shall be pres
ent with you September 3, if I possibly can.
Yours Truly,
HOWAED W. Sptjee.

112
Nbwaek, N. j., August 3, 1889.
Mrs. J. Wdlcott Jackson has great pleasure in respond
ing to the call to contribute towards the celebration of old
Sandwich, as the families of Nye, Fish, Freeman and Fes
senden, from whom she is decended, were all (except the
last) residents of the place as early as 1636 or '36, the Fes-
sendens being then at Cambridge, and the Rev. Benjamin
Fessenden settling in Sandwich in 1722. As the birthplace
of her sister and herself, her parents Capt. Ezra Nye, and
Mrs. Nancy Fessenden Nye and of many generations of
grandparents, she holds old Sandwich in warm affection and
veneration, and wishes to have the names of her children
and grandchildren recorded as well as her own, as honoring
the memory of a Godly ancestry, who helped to found the
present old town. She wishes to subscribe in the name of
her sister now in Europe — Mrs. Joseph H. Patten. Mr.
Jackson cordially sympathizes in those feelings, and hopes it
possible to be present with members of his family, at the
coming celebration which may the Lord render eminently
successful.

FoxBOEO June 26, 1889.
I am glad that Sandwich has decided to celebrate; and
you can count on me for flO. when needed. The natural
scenery exceeds by far many towns that possibly may be
more prosperous but cannot exceed in beauty and grandeur.
I trust the celebration will prove a success. I shall en
deavor to be present. Respectfully,
W. B. Ceockee.

Boston, Mass., Aug. 31, 1889.
Your kind invitation was duly received. I could not
determine until today whether it would be possible for me
to accept your invitation, which I now do. It will afford me
great pleasure to be there next Tuesday.
Very Truly Yours,
Feancis a. Peeey.

113
Wheeling, W. Va., Aug. 31, 1889.
I beg leave to acknowledge receipt of your invitation to
participate in the ceremonies attending the celebr&tion of the
town of Sandwich. It would give me great pleasure to be
with you on this occasion ; but other demands on my time,
and distance prevent it. My residence in the old town was
limited to a few years, but family and business ties still bind
me closely to you. I trsut your celebration will be success
ful beyond anticipation, and be the means of attracting at
tention to the advantages the town offers, both as a manu
facturing and business locality, and also as a most delight
ful residence at all seasons of the year, but especially in sum
mer. Please apply the enclosed draft on New York, for f 10,
as my mite toward defraying the expenses of your festivities.
I remain Yours Truly,
Geoege G. Hannan.

Boston, June 26, 1889.
I shall be happy to contribute in a small way towards
the expenses of the occasion. You may assess me for $10.
I suppose you will want all sons and daughters to come
home on that day, and therefore shall try to be present with
my brothers. Yours, A. B. Ceockee.

Your favor of the 3d inst. duly received, and I am
pleased to know how well you are doing in obtaining the
money required for the celebration. I am very glad to add
my name to the list for |50. Thanking you for the informa
tion you have given me, I remain
Very truly yours,
Heney T. Wing.

Maeion, Sept. 1, 1889.
Mr. Gilder thanks Mr. Dillingham, of the committee,
for the honor of an invitation to the celebration on the 3d of
September, and very much regrets that other engagements
will prevent his acceptance.

114New Yoek, June 27, 1889.
I am glad there is a movement to commemorate the
250th anniversary of the founding of the town of Sandwich.
My ancestor, Edward Dillingham was one of those appointed
by the Plymouth Colony to go to Sandwich and lay out the
town, and many of his descendants have made Sandwich their
home. I shall always be interested in that which affects the
welfare of the town, for my early days were spent there, and
many loved ones of the past now sleep in the quiet burying
ground. I cheerfully subscribe $25, towards defraying the
expenses of the celebration, and remain
Yours very truly,
E. C. Dillingham.

Sept. 1, 1889.
Your kind invitation to be present at the Quarter Mil
lennial Anniversary of the founding of Sandwich is received.
I am very sorry that I cannot arrange to be present, and
greatly obliged to your committee for their kind remem
brance. Sincerely Yours,
William F. Deapee.

Boston, August 9, 1889.
Enclosed find check for $50. I am in hopes that this
celebration may be the means of waking up an interest in
the town so that it will grow instead of going backward.
Shall try to be there September 3.
Yours,
D. C. Percival.

Boston, August 9, 1889.
In answering your circular, I have the pleasure in hand
ing you a check for |50. I intend to be at the celebration
and I trust it may prove a very successful affair.
Truly Yours,
D. N. Holway.

115 Beookline, June 26, 1889.
Please put me down for $10. I trust you will be suc
cessful in making the celebration a day to be remembered.
Yours Truly, Nathan H. Ceockee.

DONORS — ON PART OF SANDWICH.

Jonathan Bourne,

New Bedford,

$100.00

Ezra C. Dillingham,

New York,

25.00

Henry T. Wing,

((

50.00

Gustavus B. Tobey,

n

25.00

Watson Freeman,

Boston,

50.00

David C. Percival,

(4

50.00

David N. Holway,

((

50.00

Howard W. Spurr,

il

50.00

Ariel B. Crocker,

ii

10.00

Mitchell Wing,

((

10.00

A. Warren Holway,

ii

5.00

E. R. Pope,

t(

5.00

T. E. Holway,

4b

20.00

James L. Wesson,

44

30.00

Henry A. Belcher,

44

25.00

William H. Keating,

44

10.00

B. E. Fish,

44

6.00

James J. McLaughlin,

44

5.00

George B. Lapham,

44

10.00

John A. McLaughlin,

44

20.00

Frank E. Pope,

44

20.00

117

Francis V. B. Kern,

44

10.00

Frank H. Foster,

44

3.00

W. A. Foster,

4.

15.00

Kendall H. Damon,

44

10.00
Nathan H. Crocker,
Brookline, Mass.,
10.00
W. B. Crocker,
Foxboro, Mass.,
10.00
L. A. Frailey,
Washington, D. C.
)
10.00
Mrs. George H. Taber,
, Franklin, Pa.,
5.00
Asa S. Wing,
Philadelphia, Pa.,
25.00
George W. Pope,
Chatham, Mass.,
5.00
Henry A. Bourne,
Brooklyn,
25.00
Josiah T. Knowles,
Providence,
15.00
Samuel Snow,
Barnstable,
50.00
Andrew F. Sherman,
44
10.00
Joseph B. Dillingham,
West Chester, Pa.,
50.00
William A. Foster,
Newark, N. J.,
3.00
I. T. Young,
Wellfleet,
5.00
Mr. and Mrs. F. Wolcott Jackson, Newark, N. J.,
50.00
Mrs. Joseph H. Patten
1
25.00
Mr. and Mrs. Phillip Nye Jackson,
15.00
Mr. and Mrs. John B.
Jackson,
15.00
WiUiam Fessenden Jackson,
10.00
Frederick Wolcott Jackson Jr.,
10.00
Charles H. Jackson,
10.00
Elizabeth Wolcott Jackson,
5.00
Nina Fessenden Jackson,
5.00
Oliver Wolcott Jackson,
u
5.00
Martha Nye Jackson,
bb
5.00
Nannie Nye Jackson,
)
u
Edith Attee Jackson,
ii
10.00
Frederick Wolcott Jackson 3d, )
ii
George G. Hannon,
Wheeling W. Va.,
10.00
William L. Quinnell,
Springfield,
5.00
J. H. Holway,
10.00
DONORS —
ON PART OF B
OURNE.
Gustavus F. Swift,
$100.00
Edwin C. Swift,
100.00
Isaac N. Keith,
50.00
118
C. P. Horton, * 60.00
B. B. Abbe, 10.00
W. Allen, 10.00
Nathan Nye, 10.00
Edward B. Burgess, 10.00
A. R. Eldredge, 10.00
A. H. Wood, 10.00
David D. Nye, 7.75
C. Curry, 5.00
M. C. Waterhouse, 5.00
George Bauldry, 5.00
Seth S. Burgess, 5.00
L. Latter, 5.00
James S. Ellis, 5.00
J. T. Handy, 6.00
A. P. Davis, 5.00
E, S. Wood, 5.00
E. B. Phillips, 6.00
A. Hawkins, 6.00
Calvin Crowell, 5.00
George W. Gibbs, 6.00
W. R. Gibbs, 5.00
Hiram T. Keith, 6.00
Crosby Bros, & Co., 6.00
John P. Knowlton, ^ 6.00
Levi L. Swift, 6.00
Hiram Crowell, 6.00
Hiram E. Crowell, 6.00
Benjamin F. Bray, 5.00
John W. Wedlock, 5.00
Charles H. Burgess, 2d, 6.00
W. Magee, 6.00
S. N. Cudworth, 5.00
A. E. Bates, 3.00
G. H. Richards, 2.00
P. C. Gibbs, 3.00
Lavnrence Tucker, 2.00
A. Little, 2.00
George E. Phinney, 2.00
O. R. Swift, 2.00

119
E. Bourne Nye, $2.00
George L. Atherton, ' 2.00
George A. Swift, 2.00
J. D. Wester, 2.00
A. C. Swift, 2.00
F. E. Wright, . 2.00
Eben S. Bowman, B. B. Harlow, Osgood L. Small,
George T. Perkins, Allen T. Rogers, Emory A. Ellis,
N. L. Allen, N. Bourne Ellis, James H. Ashley, Her
bert L. Swift, Foster Raymond, J. F. Nightengale, Hi
ram Nightengale, Edward Holway, Ernest BlackweU,
B. L. BlackweU, Seth Holway, Rhoda A. Howard,
Levi G. Hathaway, Howard Swift, E. H. Wefer, P.
H. Phinney, E. H. Tobey, Alfred Perry, A. Phinney,
J. Godfrey, F. F. Greer, J. H. West, W. H. Wing,
O. C. Wing, F. Dimmick, each $1.00.
Total, $31.00
WiUiam W. Brown, F. R. Nickerson, PhUlip A.
Rivers, Thomas Murphy, A. T. Hamblin, Henry C.
Wright, Henry W. Hunt, Henry B. Ellis, Frederick
Blagdon, J. M CoveU. C. H. Douglass, Charles Gibbs,
Welden S. Pierce, E. R. ElUs, H. R. Ellis, Emma C.
Hartford, Mary H. Howard, John L. Gibbs, Stillman
R. Ellis, Russell Gibbs Jr., H. Russell Swift, each
50 cents. C. C. Jones, 25 cents.
Total, ' $10.75

LEGAL VOTERS OF SANDWICH, 1889.

Adams, Isaiah M.
Allen, Jessie F.
Armstrong, David
" John A.
« Robert Robert F.
Atkins, Benjamin H.
" James
" Thomas F.
" William
Atwood, Charles H.
Baker, Thomas
Bacon, Edward B.
Bartley, Benjamin G.
Bassett, Charles H.
" James G.
' John B.
" Joseph S.
" Volentine
Bicknell, James S.
Bibber, Edward F.
Black, John
BlackweU, Charles H.
Blake, Davis A.

Bodfish. Francis A.
Bourne, Eugene C.
" Ezra J.
" Sylvanus R.
Boyden, WiUard E.
" William P.
Boyle,, John
Brady, Edward
" Hugh Jr.
Brailey, S. Frank
Braman, Arthur
Buckley, James
" Michael- A.
" Thomas
Burgess, Frank H.
WiUiam B.
Burbank, Frank C.
" George E.
Briggs, Bradford B.
Brown, Peleg T.
Canary, Owen
" John P.
Carlson, John A.
Carleton, Hiram

121

Carleton, John F.
Carter, Asa
Cheval, Alfred L.
Chadwick, James M.
Chamberlain, Benj. F.
" Leander F.
" Leander S.
Chapouil, Anthony
" Charles H.
Chessman, Daniel F.
Chipman, George N.
Isaac K.
Stephen S.
Thomas H.
Herbert L.
wmiam C.
Clark, Fletcher
" Robert
" Robert C.
CUnton, Thomas F.
Coffee, Michael
CoveU, Benjamin W.
Crocker, Charles F.
" Justus H.
" Laban P.
" James W.
Craven, Thomas
Crowell, Warren
Cunningham, John F.
Curran, Edward J.
Cozzens, George
Creech, William J.
Dalton, James H.
" John W.
" William
Dean, Henry F.
" Thomas F.
Delano, Marcus F.
Denson, Benjamin F.
WiUiam F.

Dillingham, Alfred E.
" Charles
Donovan, Charles H.
" Cornelius
" Cornelius 2d
" Dennis
" Patrick
" John
Drew, George P.
Duley, Herbert M.
Eaton, William
Ellis, Charles
" Charies H. B.
" Charles G.
" H. G. O.
" Frank O.
" John C. C.
" Seth O.
Eldred, Frederick C.
Ewer, Benjamin
" Benjamin 2d,
" Benjamin F.
" John
" Joseph
Faunce, Joshua T.
," Robert T.
Fessenden, Nathaniel
Samuel
Fish, Albert F.
" Chipman
" Edwin O.
" Benjamin W.
" Ephraim
" Frank A.
" Frederick A.
" Henry W.
" Isaiah
" James M.
" Joseph L.
" George R.

122

Fish, Nathaniel H.
," Nelson W.
" Roland J.
" Russell
" SUas
" Thomas R.
" William C.
French, Louis H. W.
Foster, Cyrus L.
« John D.
" Fifield, WUUam W.
FuUer, Charles C.
" Clifton M.
" Edward A.
" James O.
" Robert R.
Gaf&iey, Andrew
Gibbs, Charies F.
". Martin T.
" WiUiam H. Jr.
" Herbert C.
" William H.
Goodspeed, Henry W.
" James L.
Gray, Henry H.
Gustin, Lucien
Haines, Edward
" Eugene W.
" George L.
Hall, Joshua
" Joshua A.
" Joseph B.
Hamlen, Benjamin H.
" Ezra G.
« Walter G.
Harrison, Joseph
Hancock, Elijah
Hartwell, George
Heald, Hiram H.
" WiUiam H.

Heffernan, Edward
James F.
Harlow, Andrew
Hargreaves, James
William P.
Seth A.
HUliard, Daniel F.
" Daniel W.
Hillman, Uno H.
Holway, Augustus
" Barnabas
" Frederick N.
" Francis W.
" Francis R.
" Herbert E.
" Isaac W.
" John A.
" Joshua E.
Howland, Edward B.
" Frank L.
" Freeman H.
" Gustavus
" Joseph
» Orrin H.
" Oscar
" Nelson SUas J.
Hobson, John
Higgins, Andrew
Horan, James
" James Jr.
Hoxie, Charles A.
" David A.
" Edward
" George F.
" Henry F.
" Henry P.
" Isaac
" Joseph
" Lyman P.

123

Hoxie, Nathaniel C,
" Robert B.
" Sylvanus S.
Hunt, Samuel W.
Humphrey, John
Ingraham, James E.
Irwin, Benjamin
Jackson, Hezekiah S. J. R.
Jennings, John
Jenkins, Harrison G.
Jones, Azariah W.
" Charies M.
" Cyrus C.
" Edwin M.
" Francis F.
" Isaiah T.
" Lombard C.
" Seth N.
" Stephen M.
» Seth P.
Keenan, James
" James Jr.
Kellehar, James H.
" John
" WiUiam
Kenney, Edward A.
Kennard, John
Landers, Abraham H.
" Harrison T.
" Joseph
Lapham, Charles H.
" Charles W.
" George F.
" Joseph H.
WUliam F.
Larkin, Lawrence
" John
Lawrence, James L.
Linnehan, Patrick
Lloyd, James D.

Lovell, Allen H.
" Benjamin W.
" Charles W.
" Benjamin
" James A.
Lovejoy, George W.
Linekin, Nathaniel C.
Lutz, Nicholas
Macy, Charles H.
" Robert
Martin, John
Mahoney, Patrick F.
McArdle, John
•' John T.
" Joseph B.
McLaney, Thomas
McLaughlin, George T.
McNamee, John H.
McParlin, Daniel
McCann, John
McHugh, Francis
Meiggs, Edmund
" Charles W. H.
" George W.
" WUUam H.
MUler, John Q.
Milliken, Charles
Montague, Thomas
" Michael
Morse, Sanford I.
" Simeon Jr.
Murphy, Francis
" Thomas
Murray, John Jr.
Muldoon, Christopher
MuUor, Friedman
McElroy, Patrick
McDermott, Thomas
Newcomb, Josiah S.
« Josiah S. Jr.

124

Newcomb, Thomas G.
Nichols, Edward
Norris, Benjamin
Nye, Franklin
" George B.
" Heman
" John P.
" Levi S.
« Samuel H.
" Stephen B.
" WUliam E.
" WiUiam L.
Omans, Jonathan A.
Parks, James P.
" Eleazer P.
Perry, Edgar W.
" James F.
" John M.
Peroetie Eugene
Percival, Ephraim C.
" Horace
" John
Phinney, Owen
Pierce, Frederick E.
Pope, Agustus R.
Charles E.
Charles T.
Ezra T.
Ezra T. Jr.
Frederick S.
George W.
Robert T.
Pratt, Ambrose E.
" John E.
Powers, Thomas
Quinn, Charles
Rasmuslew, Christian
Robinson, Phillip H.
" Sylvanus D.
Rogers, George W.

Rogers, Irving F.
Roos, Axel
Rosenburg, Peter
Russell, Henry
Sherman, Andrew F. Jr.
Shevlin, James
PhUlip
Shuester, George A.
Smith, Ezra N.
" John S.
" Matthias
" WUUam
Spurr, Henry F.
" Henry F. Jr.
Stevens, Ezra C.
" John H.
Stever, J. Charles
Soule, James
Swanzey, John
" Peter
Swift, Edgar W.
" George W.
Southworth, Amory C.
Southack, Theodore L.
Swann, Edward J.
Sullivan, John H.
Tinkham, Frank M.
" Micah
" John W.
Tobey, Ansel
" Nathan L.
" Thomas H.
" Watson F.
" Watson F. Jr.
" Robert
Terry, George H.
Thompson, Charles M.
Thomas E.
Thwing, James H.
Tupper, Robert H.

126

Tupper, Russell E.
Voden, John B.
Vessel, Thomas
Waterman, Allan T.
Wares, William H.
Weeks, George H.
" John T.
Welch, Charles
« Charles E.
White, George E.
Whittemore, Ebenezer
Whelan, Edward
Wing, Azariah
" Alvin P.

Wing, Joseph 2d,
" Joseph
" Paul
" George S.
" Seth B.
" Stephen R.
Woods, Francis
WoodweU, WiUiam H.
Whitcomb, C. T. C.
Wright, Charies E.
S. " Joseph
" Jonathan K.
" Zenas W.
" Zenas W. Jr.
Wright, Robert

LEGAL VOTERS OF BOURNE, 1889.

Abbe, Benjamin
" Benjamin Jr.
Adams, Benjamin F.
" Thomas F.
Allen, Nathaniel
" Washington
Aldrich, Abbott L.
Ames, Herbert C.
" Franklin N.
" Laureston E.
Ashley, James E.
Atherton, George L.
Ashport, Frank
Atwood, Nathaniel
" Solomon S.
Avery, Elmer E.
" George W.
" Warren B.
" Zemira J.
Bacon, George
Baker, David H.
" Henry
Bauldry George F.
Baker, Hiram F.

Baker, James W.
" Joshua H.
" Lorenzo
Bassett, Stillman C.
Bates, Andrew E.
Beal, Nathan G.
" Walter G.
Bell, Alexander
Berry, Charles F.
" Everett E.
" Gideon
" Isaac H.
BlackweU, Benj. L.
" Edwin A.
Elliot B.
Ellis H.
BlackweU Ezra
" RusseU William R.
Blagden, Daniel S.
Fred P.
Bourne, Alfred W.
" Alexander
" Augustus

127

Bourne, Benjamin F.
" George
John
" Jerome L.
Samuel Shadrack WiUiam W.
Burgess, Aaron L.
Charles H. 2d.
" Edmund C.
" Edward H.
Elisha H.
" Everett B.
" Frederick H.
" Nathaniel
" Reuben L.
" Robert W.
" Stephen S.
Seth S.
BuUen, Henry S.
Burr, Buchannan
Booth, Alonzo E.
" Wilder
Bowman, Eben S.
Bradlee, Frederick W.
Bray, Benjamin F.
Bosworth, Frederick A.
Briggs, George I.
" Jedediah
Butler, Patrick F.
Baldwin, Henry A.
Barlow, Edward W.
" Jesse
" Jesse B.
" Jesse F.
" William A.
•' WUliam F.
Battles, Alexander G.
'« Eben D.
" Joshua G.

Gaboon, Alphonzo F.
Nathan W.
Cash, Joshua G.
Chadwick, Francis E.
Chamberlayne, Charies F.
" Nathan H.
Chase, Bradford
" Joshua H.
Chester, Henry W.
Claybrook, Robert J.
Clement, William H.
" WiUiam T.
Collins, Alonzo O.
" Reuben P.
Copeland, Frederick W.
Cook, Charles H.
Crowell, Calvin
" Hiram
" Hiram E.
Covin, Benjamin S.
" John M.
Davis, Alden P.
Dimmock, Edward C.
, " Frederick
" Joseph
" Joseph F.
Doane, Francis L.
Winfield S.
Douglas, Charles E.
" Luther
Dunn, Federick J.
» John S.
Edwards, Ansel
« David H.
Eldredge, Albert R.
" Cyrenus
" Ferdinand B.
" Franklin C.
" Horatio
" Joseph M.

128

Eldredge Oliver H.
" Prince
EUis, Andrew F.
" David W. O.
" EUsha J.
" Emery A.
" Eugene R.
" Henry B.
" Henry R.
" James S.
" Nathan B.
''' Stillman R.
" Stephen G. F.
" Warren D.
" Winfield E.
Fish, Ansel W.
" James A.
Flocken, Lewis F.
Fuller, Thomas A.
Gammons, John G.
Gibbs, Ansel
" Alexander
" Arthur H.
" Charles A.
" Emery P.
" Edward S.
" ' Frank H.
" George F.
" George W.
" Henry
" James C.
" Jarvis C.
" Oscar F.
" Paul C.
" Phineas
" Phineas Jr.
" RusseU
" Russell Jr.
" Lafayette
'• WUliam C.

Gibbs, WiUiam R.
" William R. Jr.
Gidley, William A.
Gifford, Albert B.
" Daniel S.
" WiUiam M.
Godfrey, Josiah
Green, Henry C.
Greer, Frederick F.
Gilbiaioh, Benjamin
Griffen, Frederick
Hammond, Charles F.
" Harry B.
Robert C.
Hawkins, Albert
Hall, Charies F.
" Charles F. Jr.
" George W.
Harmon, Persia B.
Harris, Calvin H.
« Elisha F.
Russell F.
Henshaw, Frank S. H.
Hamlin, Charles W.
Stephen D.
WiUiam H.
Hill, Samuel P.
Handy, George R.
Henry T.
" Francis D.
James T.
" PhUney B.
Sylvanus E.
Haiily, Charles C.
Hathaway, Alexander J.
Joseph T.
Levi G.
Howe, Albert
Harlow, Benjamin B.
Hewins, Joseph S.

129

Holmes, Robert R.
Horton, Charles P.
Holway, Seth W.
" George
Howard, Charles F.
Hurst, Frederick A.
Hinds, Heman S.
Jackson, Christopher
Jones, Charles C.
Jameson, Edward T.
Keene, Abraham
" Frank G.
" Warren P.
" Walton E.
Keith, Hiram T.
" Isaac N.
Knowlton, John P.
Natt H.
Kimber, James W.
Kendrick, Charles E.
" Freeman H.
" George A.
" Warren Jr.
" Warren
Landers, Alonzo S.
" David
" Samuel H.
Latter, Leonard
Lawrence, Reuben W.
Leavitt, Levi R.
Lee, Daniel
Lindall, Edward E.
Little, Anthony
Lovell, Reuben P.
Lumbert, Ansel
McAllister, Oren A.
Magoon, Davis A.
Mahurin, William H.
Manimon, Barzilla
^^ Charles H,

Marsh, Charles W.
Marvel, Amos F.
Maxim, Seth S.
Nickerson, Alexander
Nightengale, Benj. B.
" Joseph F.
" Hiram B.
Norris, Joel W.
" Mark C.
"• William S.
Nye, David D.
" Ebenezer
" Ebenezer B.
" Nathan
" WUUam A.
Packard, Henry G.
" Harry W.
" John C.
William E.
Parker, Calvin
" Erastus O.
" John H.
Perkins, George T.
Perry, Andrew J.
" Alfred L.
" Andrew F.
" Davis
" Edward H.
" Edwin H.
" Freeman A.
" George W.
" Hiram L.
Perry, Harry E.
" HenryJohn M.
" John F.
" Nathan C.
" Osmond L.
" Silas
" Salathiel H.

130

Perrv, William H. H.
'• " WUliam E. C.
" Wallace J.
Phinney, Abraham Levi L.
" Perez H.
John B.
*' George E.
" Jesse F.
" John A.
RosweU B.
" Sylvester O.
WiUiam W.
Plumley, Thomas D.
Peirce, Gamaliel W.
" Wesley B.
" William F.
" WiUiam F. Jr.
" Welden S.
Pope, Clarence E.
Quilty, Jeffrey
Raleigh, Charles S.
Reynolds, William F.
Raymond, Asa
AdeU H.
" Isaiah Frank
" James F.
" James N.
•' Lewis C,
" Robert H.
Walton F.
WiUiam H.
Redding, Seth H.
Rogers, Allen T.
" James C.
Robinson, Edmund B.
Edmund B. Jr.
Robbins, John E.
Ryder, Hiram

Ryder, George T. 2d
Robert J.
" StUlman S.
Savery, Levi S.
Small, Isaac Jr.
Smally, Charles G.
Smith, Frederick O.
" Watson C.
Stevens, Edward H.
" Isaac
Stilphin, Francis G.
Stackpole, WiUiam
Swift, Aaron C.
" Abraham F.
" Benjamin E.
" Charles D.
" Charles E.
" Edward H.
" George W.
" George A.
" Herbert L.
" Henry R.
" Howard
" Francis C.
" Levi L.
" Levi
" Noble P.
" Major A.
" Ordello R.
" Seth F.
" Shadrack F.
" Stephen N.
Swift, Ward F.
" Wayman S.
" WiUiam E.
" WiUiam F.
Taylor, John H.
Thompson, Eugene L.
Tobias, Ebenezer F.
" Joseph

131

Tobias, Wayman
Tobey, Elisha H.
Tribou, Daniel W.
Travers, James P.
Vincent, Andrew J.
Waterhouse, Moses C.
Weeks, Ebenezer F.
" Henry W.
Amiel C.
Wedlock, John W.
Welch, Josiah N.
West, James H.
Whipple, John C.
White, Francis B.
Wefer, Eliot
Wicks, Asaph S.

Williams, James E.
Wing, Alvin
" Oliver C.
" John C. E.
" Nathaniel
" Walter H.
" William H.
Woods, Thomas K.
Wright, Andrew M.
" Augustus W.
" Frederick E.
" Henry C.
" Preston A.
" Noah H.
" StiUman B.
" Zadoc

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