Ji^'A ¦' 'ti.'iv.*.'.- ^* '^^ 4*r )K iJ.. E'> ir- I til's 'i '/^ ^-^ "v'^v . . Jj;....Jja »i i r ¦ '¦¦Ss« — — _^ { Hendrick and John. The mark of }J^ — \ I Brandt V-^ The mark of -le Taylof . 60 c. Reuben Van Vechten, m. , and is now residing in the State of New Vork, — G. W. S. PETER SCHUYLER'S DESCENDANTS. I 53 61. Abraham, m. Laura Sanders. 62. Angelica, d. January 22, 1848. 38. PHILIP S. SCHUYLER and Rachel Van den Bergh. 63. Gertrude, m. January, 1836, Abraham Ten Eyck, Jr. 64. Rachel, m. Isaac D. F. Lansing. 65. Stephen, b. October 27, 1794, d. s. p. October 4, 1857. 66. Angelica, m. January, 1826, Sanders Lansing. 67. Abraham, b. September 5, I79g, d. s. p. October 21, 1869. 68. Lucas, b. November 20, 1801, d. May 4, 1852. m. September, 1825, Angelica Lansing. 69. Anna Maria, m. September 24, 1828, (57) John Cuyler Schuyler. 40. JOHN SCHUYLER and Anna Cuyler. 70. Angelica, m. i, Clarkson Crosby. m. 2, John Taylor Cooper. 41. JEREMIAH SCHUYLER and Jane Cuyler. 71. Angelica, m. Stephen P. Schuyler (48) . 72. Cornelius, b. July i, 1795, d. February, 1878. m. 1817, Harriet Hillhouse. 73. Ann Jane, b. May 28, 1797, d. y. 43. HARMANUS P. SCHUYLER and Mary Staats. 74, Mary, b. July 8, 1791, d. y. 75. Philip, b. January 26, 1793, d. y. 43. HARMANUS P. SCHUYLER and ^a^' -0^«»- 76. Marianna, b. July 27, 1800. m. John Vreedenburg. 43. HARMANUS P. SCHUYLER and Sarah Packwood. 77. Philip Pieterse, d. unmarried in Texas. 78. Thomas, m. Angelica Aspin-wall. 79. Richard, d. unmarried in Texas. 80. Catharine Elizabeth, m. Stephen R. Schuyler (58). 46. PETER P. SCHUYLER and Miss Gushing. 81. Ann, m. Dr. Simpson. 82. "William Gushing, d. s. p. m. i87g, Margaret Sickles. 83. Maria, m. John Doane. 84. Philip, d. y. 85. Henry. 86. Frances, m. Samuel Eddy. 48. STEPHEN P. SCHXTYLER and Angelica Schuyler. 87. Philip Lucas, d. s. p. aged 43 years. 88. Jane, d. y. 8g. Anna, d. y. 90. Angelica, d. y. 91. Jeremiah, d. y. 1 54 PETER SCHUYLER'S DESCENDANTS. 92. Charles, d. y. 93. Cornelia. 94. Catalina, m. Frederick Van Valkenberg. 57. JOHN C. SCHUYLER and Aniw. Maria Schuyler. 95. Peter, d. April g, 1865. m. November, 1853, Elsie A. Jaiincy, 96. Rachel, d. February 13, 1834. 97. Philip, d. November 18, 1833. 98. Catharine, d. June i, 1855. gg. Rachel, d. June 13, 1851. 100. Philip ; residence, Watervliet, Albany County, N. Y. loi. Angelica, d. August 31, 1880. 102. Gertrude. 103. Anna Maria. 104. Stephen ; residence, ¦Watervliet, Albany County, N. Y. 58. STEPHEN R. SCHUYLER and Catharine E. Schuyler, 105. Peter, d. ». p. July 3, i860. 106. John, d. y. January 31, 1854. 107. Mary Hook, d. May 16, 1842. 108. Richard Philip, m. September i, 1875, Susan Drake ; resi dence, Watervliet, N. Y. 61. ABRAHAM SCHUYLER and Laura Sanders. log. Elizabeth, d. y. no. Jeanetta. 68. LUCAS V. V. SCHUYLER and Ajigelica Lansing, in. Rachel, m. George B. Wilson. 112. Alida. 113. Gertrude, m. Rev, Charles D, Cooper. 114. Philip, d. y. 115. Gerrit L., m. Eliza L. Hunt ; resides in ¦Watervliet, N. Y. 116. Philip S. ; resides in "Watervliet, N. Y. 117. Isaac L., m. April 12, 1883, Elsie Cuyler Evertsen ; residence, Manchester, Vt. 72. CORNELIUS SCHUYLER and Harriet Hillhotise, 118. Harriet, m. Ed-ward C, Delavan, of Albany, the great tem perance reformer. ng. Jane Cuyler, m. Robert P, McMaster, 120. Cornelia Louisa, d. y. October 9, 1828. 121. Thomas Hillhouse ; residence, Albany, N. Y. 122. Caroline Tibbetts, m. Ja?nes Davis, 123. Edward Henry, d. y. January 29, 1835. 124. Jeremiah Cuyler, d. y. January 26, 1835. 125. Sarah Hillhouse, m. October 12, 1882, Ira Kingsley Martin, PETER SCHUYLER'S DESCENDANTS. 1 55 78. THOMAS SCHUYLER and Angelica Aspin-wall. 126. Harmanus, m. Ella Drake ; residence, "West Troy, N. Y. 127. Sarah, m. John Burrouglis. 128. Maria, d. y. I2g. Clarkson Crosby, m. Catharine Scoville. 130. Frank, m. October 12, 1882, Nellie Kenyan; residence, "West Troy, N. Y. 131. Marianna. 95. PETER SCHUYLER and Elsie A. Jauncy. 132. "Walter Jauncy, d. y. 108. RICHARD PHILIP SCHUYLER and Susan Drake. 133. Stephen Reuben, b. November 15, 1876, d. y. 134. Jane Drake, b. December 22, i87g. 135. Catharine, b. November 23, 1882. NOTES ON THE GENEALOGICAL TABLE. The preceding genealogical table^ shows that the de scendants of Peter Schuyler are not numerous. The mor tality of those at an early age is very noticeable. Of the one hundred and twenty-four names in the list, forty-two are of children who died before they reached the age of fifteen years. At least ten, of whom five were rnales, died unmarried. Several others died in early manhood, leaving small families. The living male descendants at the pres ent time number not more than ten, of whom four of mature years are unmarried. Very few of his family in the direct line emigrated far from their old home. I have been able to trace only four : (46) Peter P., who settled at Natchez ; (60) Stephen, who resided at Mobile, and the brothers, (77) Philip Pieterse and (79) Richard, who died in Texas. Most of them lived and died on the lands acquired by Philip (Pieterse) Schuy ler, known as the " Flatts," with Winter's plantation and the farm given to (18) Peter and (19) Jeremiah Schuyler as their mother's share of the manor of Rensselaerwyck. When they died they were buried in the private cemetry near the old house. Besides the forty-four graves in that old burial-place marked by monuments, there are many others without a stone or tablet to indicate whose remains lie below. Here were buried the three sons of Peter Schuyler — Philip, Peter and Jeremiah ; and his only adult BURIAL PLACE. 1 57 grandsons — Peter, Stephen, and Philip. Indeed, all his descendants in the male line, except the four emigrants to the south, were until quite a recent period buried here. Although this "place of graves" had been in use several j^ears, it had not been formally detached from the farm and set apart for a burial-place ; but when (17) Philip Schuyler made his will, he gave the ground for that use and no other. " It is my will," he said, " that the present Burying Place be forever kept and appropriated for that use and no other, and I do hereby devise the said ground contain ing one acre for the Burying Place for all the descendants of my father Peter Schuyler dec** and of my father-in-law John Schuyler dec" and such other persons as my beloved wife, or my brothers Jeremy and Peter, or their heirs, shall permit." This burial-place is now included within the limits of West Troy. Fearing lest it may be disturbed, various members of the family are depositing their dead in the Albany Rural Cemetry. From present appearances, this interesting spot will soon be a thing of the past. Rather than have the dead with their monuments removed, and this consecrated ground occupied for other purposes, it should be surrounded with a solid wall. In its centre should be placed a block of granite, inscribed, " Here lie the remains of four generations of Schuylers, the descend ants of the great Quidor of the Five Nations.'' Peter Schuyler's first wife, Engeltie Van Schaick, was the daughter of his father's old friend, Goosen Gerritse Van Schaick, by his second wife, Annatje Lievens. After her death he married Maria, daughter of Jeremiah Van Rensselaer, son of the first patroon, who for many years had charge of the colony of Rensselaerwyck. Her brother 158 PHILIP SCHUYLER. Killian, in the settlement of his grandfather's estate, ob tained possession of the manor and of the Claverack tract for himself, two brothers, and two sisters, of which his sister Maria's two sons, Peter and Jeremy, eventually ob tained a farm of three or four hundred acres only as their mother's share of the vast estate. This was the second in a long succession of marriages between the Schuylers and Van Rensselaers continued to the present generation. Philip Schuyler (17) held a prominent position in the province many years. He succeeded his father as com missioner of Indian affairs, but not to his influence among the Five Nations. They respected him for his high char acter and integrity, but did not defer implicitly to his counsel. He was not so much in the confidence of the governors as his father had been, and hence his influence was weakened among the Indians . He was not in favor with Governor Clinton, because in the Assembly he was independent, and acted rather with the party opposed to the governor, which was under the leadership of James de Lancey. In August, 1747, while Colonel Schuyler was in New York attending the Assembly, his family was in peril from scalping parties of the French Indians, who were in the neighborhood, and had killed a white man and an Indian on the road between Albany and Schenectady, besides a large number of cattle on the deserted farms at Canas tagione. By order of Governor Clinton, the troops which had been posted north of Albany, except those in Fort Clinton at Saratoga, were transferred to a camp at Green- bush, where they were of little service in case of a sudden attack on the northern suburbs of Albany. Colonel Schuyler's house at the Flatts, where his family resided, was stockaded and made defensible. " It could contain a hundred men at least." When the troops were PHILIP SCHUYLER. I 59 about to leave the vicinity, Mrs. Schuyler and her friends made earnest appeals to the commanding officer to leave some of them at her house, if only for a short time, until she could remove her effects to the city ; but in vain, the officer alleging that the orders of the governor were im perative. When these facts were known in New York, the Council presented an address to Clinton, urging him to reconsider his orders and encamp the troops at the Flatts, being a better site for a camp and a far better position for the protection of the frontiers. He gave an evasive reply, but left the troops at Greenbush. Later in the season he destroyed the fort at Saratoga, leaving the northern frontiers down to Albany open to the enemy. The Assembly charged that the governor " was di rected by the counsels of a man obnoxious to them, who by low, wicked acts disturbed the peace of the people," referring to Cadwallader Colden. It is quite probable that this gentleman advised the removal of the troops stationed at the Flatts because of his dislike to Colonel Peter Schuyler. The historian Smith remarked, " Colonel Philip Schuyler unwisely joined the opposition to Clin ton." He could not certainly with self-respect attach himself to the governor's party, while it was controlled by Colden. Colonel Schuyler was fortunate in his domestic rela tions, except that he was not blessed with children. At the age of twenty-four years he married his cousin, Mar garita Schuyler, the "American lady" of Mrs. Grant, with whom he spent thirty-four years of uninterrupted happi ness. He had a house in town, but lived much of the time on his farm at the Flatts. He died on February i6, 1758, and was buried in the private cemetery near his house, where his monument, erected by his widow, still stands in good preservation. l60 PHILIP SCHUYLER. His will is dated June 28, 1748, and was admitted to probate on August 29, 1766. His large landed estate, all of which he had received from his father, he dis tributed among his brothers and sisters, or their heirs. To his brothers, Peter and Jeremy, he gave his wearing ap parel. To his sister, Gertrude Lansing, and her son Peter, he gave each ;^5o ; and to his nephew, Peter Schuy ler, he gave his "two large silver salt-cellars." "To my two sisters, Margrita Livingston and Gertruy Lansing, and my nephew, Barent Staats, Jr.," ' he gave his ninth share in the patent of Westenhook, each a third. Barent Staats, Jr., was required to pay from his share, " to his sister, Anna Van der Poel,^ the sum of fifty pounds." After making provision for the " Bui-ying Place," he be queathed to his wife a farm on the Mohawk River oppo site Canajoharie, all his personal estate after the payment of his debts and funeral expenses, and the use of the Flatts farm during life. He gave to his brother Jeremy the island, and to his brother Peter the remainder of the farm, both to come into possession after the death of his widow. To this point all his bequests were confined to his own family, but before closing he left a token of re membrance to one bearing his own name, a favorite nephew of his wife, Philip Schuyler, the future general, giving him a piece of woodland lying on the west side of the river north of his farm. ' He was junior to one of the same name, a cousin of his father's. * Anna Staats married Johannes Van der Poel, May 5, 1743, and was his second wife. Hon. Aaron Van der Poel, of New York, supposed she was a daughter of "Dr. Samuel Staats, who married a sister of Aunt Schuyler." The vnll of Philip Schuyler shows this to be an error. She was doubtless the daughter of Abraham Staats, who was Dr. Samuel's . nephew. She was a niece by marriage of Aunt Schuyler (" The American Lat.lv '"), and a second cousin bv blood. PEDROM SCHUYLER. l6l Peter Schuyler, Jr., (i8) in his youth was active and enterprising. When Governor Burnet made the experi ment of establishing a fort among the Seneca Indians to counteract the efforts of the French to bring that nation more under their influence, he resolved to send ten men to Irondequoit for a year, and selected Schuyler as their captain. He was young, but bold and fearless. He ac cepted the position without hesitation, knowing that it was one of peril and self-denial, among barbarians, far away from civilization and the comforts of home. In after years he suffered from deafness, and was obliged to confine himself to the superintendence of his farm. He was much esteemed by his family and friends, who called him Pedrom ;.he lived to an advanced age, and died in the midst of the Revolutionary strife. He alone of his father's sons continued the direct line of that branch of the family. Jeremiah Schuyler (19) seems to have led a quiet life, residing on his farm near the old homestead. He married a French lady of New York, whose family name is not known, and had five children. His only sons, Peter and Thomas, died in childhood. His three daughters married, but died in early life. He did not long survive them. Mrs. Grant, in the " American Lady," gives a sad picture of the lonely widow — confined to her bed with an incurable illness, bereft of husband and children, with none but ser vants or distant relatives to administer comfort and conso lation. Peter Schuyler (20) was the third of the name, and, being the eldest in the direct line, it was supposed that he would inherit the bulk of his uncle (17) Philip's landed -estate. If such were the wishes of friends, they were doomed to disappointment, as seen by the will, made five Vol. IL— II l62 PETER SCHUYLER (33). years before his death. He married his second cousin, the favorite niece of his uncle Philip's wife. He died early in life, at the age of thirty. Stephen (24) and Philip Schuyler (25) were quiet farm ers, contenting themselves with the produce of their lands and seldom appearing in public life. Philip was the colo nel of a regiment in the Revolutionary War, but I have been unable to learn any details of his services. Peter Schuyler {^;i), the fourth of the name, was State Senator from the western district, which then included Al bany County, from 1787 to 1791, and was elected for an other term, but died the day before the house convened. He was twice on the Council of Appointment, 1787 and 1 79 1. His uncle, the general, was in the Senate and on the Council at the same time. Being quite young, and with little experience in public affairs, he was regarded by his uncle as a sort of pupil, who was bound to look to him as his guide and instructor in political matters. Peter had some of his uncle's spirit, and, being of the eldest line, he was disposed to resent the uncle's patronage and act on his own convictions. In fine, they did not agre^, although they were of the same political party. His grandfather had given him the farm on which he lived, but he wanted a wider field, and removed to Cana joharie, taking with him the family papers and relics, the " heirlooms " of the great Quidor, among which were the portrait, silver vase, and diamonds presented by Queen Anne in 1710. After the death of his first wife, he mar ried a lady "outside the family circle." He was the first to take up his residence " so far from home," and after his death, without children, the relics were scattered, and some of them lost. General Schuyler, almost the only one of that generation of Schuylers who cared for such things PETER P. SCHUYLER. 1 63 and had some taste for genealogy, recovered some of the papers and the silver vase, which are now in the posses sion of his grandson, George L. Schuyler, of New York City. The life-size portrait, painted by the court painter of Queen Anne, was returned to Peter S. Schuyler (35), then the eldest in descent, and is now in possession of the family of the late John C. Schuyler (57). The "dia monds " were retained by the second wife. Nearly a hun dred years after his death they were sent to a jeweller in Albany to be reset. Peter Schuyler {2;^) was buried in the cemetery at the Flatts, and a monument placed over his grave. Peter P. Schuyler (46) entered the army of the United States, as an Ensign of the Second Infantry, in July, 1797. He was promoted to be Second Lieutenant in the Third Infantry, July, 1798; First Lieutenant, March 2, 1799; Regimental Quartermaster, November, 1799; Assistant Military Agent at Mobile, May, 1802 ; Captain, Second Infantry, December, 1803 ; Colonel of the Thirteenth In fantry, March 12, 1812 ; Adjutant-General for Military District No. i (Massachusetts and New Hampshire), April 28, 1813 ; and resigned, June 15, 1815. He was also Treas urer of the State of Mississippi, and died at Natchez of yellow fever. His family returned to Albany. Several other members of the family held responsible positions. Jeremiah Schuyler (41) was member of Assem bly, 1810, and sheriff of Rensselaer County, 1813 to 1815. Harmanus P. Schuyler (43) was sheriff of Albany County, 1800. John C. Schuyler (57) was member of Assembly, 1836. Cornelius Schuyler (72) was sheriff of Rensselaer County, 1837 to 1840, and member of Assembly from Saratoga County, 1855. III. BRANDT SCHUYLER. Nothing is known of his early life. At the age of twenty-two years he married Cornelia, youngest daughter of the old burgomaster, Oloff Stevense Van Cortlandt, of New York City, July 12, 1682, and immediately afterward we find him in the mercantile business in that city ; and he soon took a leading position among its business men. As others of his time, he found leisure to discharge the duties of some minor offices of the church and city. He was a thorough Dutchman, and adhered to the " Nether Dutch Church," in which he soon became an office-bearer. Two years after his marriage, he was commissioned as second lieutenant in one of the militia companies, of which Jacob Leisler was captain. A few years afterward he was promoted to the captaincy of another company. In politics lie was active and vigorous. There were two political parties then as now, but by what names they were known cannot be determined. Under the Dutch the province had been governed by a director-general and Council appointed by the West India Company, and, when it passed into the hands of the Duke of York, by a governor and Council of his appointment. There was no Assembly or Legislature elected by the people, although in critical times the director-general had been forced to ask the people to select eight or ten men to form an advisory board. At first the Duke of BRANDT SCHUYLER. 165 York, being opposed to popular assemblies, administered the government by a governor and Council. In after years he directed Governor Dongan to call an Assembly, whose bill of rights did not please him, and it was dis solved. The old method was pursued until, as James II., he lost his crov/n. William HI., his successor, authorized Colonel Sloughter, in his instructions of November, 1689, to revive the Assembly. Before his arrival Jacob Leisler assumed control, and first caused a committee of safety, and subsequently a Council and Assembly, to be chosen by the people. Leisler's proceedings placed the old Coun cil and their friends in opposition. Office-holders are not friendly to changes and revolutions — to measures which deprive them of their positions. Then, if not before, the political parties were distinctively known by party names — Leislerian and anti-Leislerian. Brandt Schuyler belonged to the latter, and was not an inactive partisan. Leisler had possession of the fort, and thus controlled the city. He and his friends were now in power, and opposed the change ; they sought to hold their places against all comers. Besides the military arm, they used the cry of " No popery" with much effect. The people wei'e mostly ardent Protestants, and their fears were easily excited. It was known that King James was a Roman Catholic, who had sought to reinstate tlie old religion in its old place in the English realm, and, as Governor Dongan was a Catholic, it was believed that he had been pursuing the same policy in New York, by ap pointing adherents of the Catholic faith to office. Al though the late councillors and their adherents were mem bers, and some of them officers, of the same Protestant Church to which Leisler belonged, they were .cried down as " papists," and persons dangerous to the religion and liberties of the people. False alarms were raised to excite l66 BRANDT SCHUYLER ARRESTED. the populace, and, to procure the arrest of obnoxious indi viduals, some of whom were thrown into prison. On one such occasion, in August, 1689, Brandt Schuyler and several others were arrested in the night, and detained until morning. This alarm was occasioned by a man on horseback, who did not stop when hailed. He was sup posed to be Sir Edmund Andros, late governor, escaped from his Boston prison. After the capture and examina tion of a few Harvard College students, who had accom panied the post-rider on a pleasure trip through New England to New York, and learning that Sir Edmund was nowhere to be found, Leisler graciously released the prisoners. A year later, a commotion was raised by a proclamation of Leisler, who then assumed to be lieuten ant-governor, requiring the militia to complete the city fortifications. Leisler had recently incarcerated some of his leading opponents in the dungeon of the fort, and he now imagined that he saw indications of a purpose on the part of the prisoners' friends to assault the fort for their rescue. He appeared in the streets armed, and by his blustering soon collected a crowd around him, composed of friends and foes. His arrogant manner provoked some of the crowd to jostle him, and perhaps to strike him ; he charged that one John Crooke " stroke him with a cooper's adze, intending to murder him." He defended himself until the soldiers of the fort came to his rescue, by which means " his majesty's government was saved from destruc tion." He immediately issued another proclamation, re citing that " some of the head leaders were secured in the fort," but that as others had absconded, he enjoined the justices of the peace, the sheriff, and military officers to arrest them. Among the persons named in the proclama tion was Brandt Schuyler. In the protracted investiga tion which followed, the only evidence implicating Schuy- SCHUYLER ALDERMAN. 167 ler was that of Conrad Ten Eyck, who swore that he saw him and others " running toward the bridge (over Broad Street), saying they would fetch the prisoners out of the fort." It does not appear rtiat all of the offenders named were arrested. If the proclamation was meant in earnest, they succeeded in concealing themselves ; but if it was in tended only for effect on the popular mind, they remained within doors a few days, and then attended to their busi ness as usual. Poor Bayard and Nicoll, the " head lead ers," were secure in the dungeon, and were not released until Governor Sloughter's arrival. Shortly after Leisler's execution. Bayard, Schuyler, and other leaders of their party, were appointed a court-mar tial to try the officers and privates of the militia com panies who had thrown off all military discipline and followed I^eislers fortune's. Had their proceedings been preserved, they would have thrown more light on the history of the times, at least on the story of individual actors in that stormy period. From the time of Leisler's fall until May, 1698, seven years, the anti-Leislerian party were in power. Schuy ler was elected an alderman of the city, and held the office by subsequent elections until 1697. He lost his election in 1698, but succeeded the next year, in spite of the governor's opposition. In 1694 he was appointed justice of the peace, and from 1695 to 1698 he was mem ber of the Assembly. When Lord Bellomont assumed the government, there was a change in majorities. He was a Leislerian, and threw all his influence on the side of his party friends. With a powerful advocate in the gubernatorial chair, the courage of the Leislerians revived, and they pushed their opponents to the wall. The old Assembly was dissolved. 1 68 NANFAN. and a new one was elected, in which they had a majority. Bellomont's administration was so partisan, that he lost his popularity, and drove sonie of his friends into the op position ranks. The original anti-Leislerians were not conciliated, and were unwearied ill their efforts to influence the home government against him. These efforts were not without some apparent success, for in about eighteen months after his arrival, it began to be whispered about that he would soon be recalled. His death (March 5, 1701) made a vacancy before his opponents could anticipate it by removal. The opposite party were now quite sure that the next governor, whoever he might be, would favor their faction. Nor were they mistaken. So sure were they, that before Bellomont's burial a prominent member of the opposition wrote to the English ministry, recommending certain of his friends to the Council, under the firm belief that the Leislerians would be removed. Among the names was that of Brandt Schuyler. There is little doubt that had he lived he would have reached that position sooner or later. It was the highest in the province to which a native New Yorker could then aspire. Lieutenant-Governor Nanfan was a brother-in-law of Bellomont, and was firmly attached to his party. He was in the West Indies when the governor died, but on his re turn succeeded to the government. His short adminis tration was decidedly partisan, and became notorious by the trial and conviction of Nicholas Bayard and Alderman Hutchings for high treason. Nanfan vvas ambitious, and would have been greatly pleased to be left, for a time at least, the acting governor of the colony. He was profuse in pledges to the ministry to be impartial in his adminis tration, and for a while seemed to regard his promises. He appointed Thomas Noel, an anti-Leislerian, mayor of the leisler's BURIAL. 1 69 city, and Abraham Gouverneur, Leislerian, recorder, in October, 1701. But he soon forgot his pledges, and, under the manipulation of the Council, became arbitrary and reckless. It was during his administration, as we have seen, that Brandt Schuyler had such an exciting contest to secure his seat in the Common Council. He won the place, but did not live to enjoy it. In the fall of 1698, the friends of Leisler made applica tion to the officers of the church for permission to bury his remains in the graveyard of the church. Their reply is worth preserving, as showing how neatly they extricated themselves from a dilemma. The congregation was di vided in politics ; the minister and leading members being anti-Leislerian, while many influential men belonged to the opposite party. There was great bitterness between the two factions, and it ¦was difficult to please both, how ever the officers might decide. They gave the following reply to the application : " Because we are pressed by both parties in the congre gation, and wishing to preserve peace in our church, we cannot consent thereto, but we shall not hinder it. " Thomas De Kay. "Johannes Kip. "Brandt Schuyler." The graveyard surrounded the church, and was not diffi cult of access. "We shall not hinder it " was interpreted to mean — the remains of Leisler and Milborne may be buried there, if you take the responsibility. They were accordingly disinterred at night from the foot of the gal lows on which they had been executed, and by torchlight deposited in the cemetery of the Nether Dutch Church of New York. The proceeding caused an unusual excite ment, and aroused afresh the old animosities. Even the I/O BRANDT SCHUYLER'S DEATH. governor. Lord Bellomont, watched the proceedings, and made mention of them in a letter to the Lords of Trade. Brandt Schuyler died in the prime of life, ere he had reaped the full reward of his business enterprise, or reached the goal of his political ambition. I have not been able to learn the exact date of his death. His name is attached to the petition of the Protestants of New York to King William III., dated December 30, 1701, and that is the last time that it appears in the records to which I have had access. His will is dated January 11, 1700, to which is attached a codicil, dated " 25th Anno Dom. 1702," the month being omitted. The will was not offered for pro bate until April 18, 1723. It is probable that he died soon after signing the codicil, in the winter or early spring of 1702, as may be inferred from other papers in my pos session. He left three minor sons to the care of their widowed mother. GENEALOGICAL TABLE. Brandt Schitvler's Descendants. 6. BRANDT SCHUYLER, b. December i8, l6sg. m. July 12, 1682, Cornelia Van Cortlandt, bp. November 28, 1655. 136. Philip, bp. November 6, 1683. m. August 28, 1 7 13, Ann Elizabeth Staats, bp. Decem ber 21, i6go. 137. Olof, bp. December Ig, 1686, d. a. p. 138. John, bp. January 15, i6go, d. s. p. 136. PHILIP SCHUYLER and Ann Elizabeth Staats. I3g. Johanna, bp. October 17, 17 14. . 140. Brandt, bp. July 21, 1717, d. August 15, 1752. m. April 16, 1741, Margareta Van Wyck. 141. Samuel, bp. June 7, 17 19. 140. BRANDT SCHUYLER and Margareta Van Wyck. 142. Johanna, m. William Lupton. 143. Catharine, m. Comelis Switz. 144. Samuel, m. June 27, 1770, Elizabeth Clapper. 145. Ann Elizabeth, m. March 2g, 1769, John J. Bleecker. 144. SAMUEL SCHUYLER and Elizabeth Clapper. 146. Elizabeth, m. Rev. Gerardus Cuypers. 147. Catharine, m. Comelis Van Alen. 148. Margaret, m. George Harson. 149. Anna, m. John Elting. 150. Peter Clopper, m. Lamb, d, s. p. 151. Samuel, d. a. p. in West Indies. 152. Abraham Lefferts, m. Elizabeth Voris. 152. ABRAHAM LEFFERTS SCHUYLER and Elizabeth Voris. 153. Eliza, m. Ed-uoard Van Olitigen. 154. Samuel, m. Catharine W. V. Boyd. 155. Maria, m. Rev. J. S. Davis. 156. Cornelius V. A., fn. Eliza Shaw. 157. Abraham L., died in infancy. 158. Peter C, m. Hannah C. Kingsland. I5g. Jane Ann, m. David Miller. 1/2 SAMUEL STAATS. It is seen by the foregoing table that the descendants of Brandt Schuyler (6) are very few. The reasons are ob vious : the families were not large, and for four genera tions there was only one in each to continue the line of direct descent. The wife of Philip Schuyler (136) was the daughter of Samuel Staats, of New York, who was a prominent man in the politics of his times. He was a leading adviser of Jacob Leisler, and a member of his Council. Under the administrations of Sloughter and Fletcher he was in re tirement. Bellomont made him a member of his Council, 1698, in which he retained a seat until June, 1702, wlien he was removed by Lord Cornbury. He was restored to the Board by Governor Hunter, in 1710, and remained a member until his death. Staats was undoubtedly a shrewd politician. Before Leisler's fall he had withdrawn from his Council, and thereby escaped trial for treason, for which others less conspicuous were tried and convicted. It is curious to observe how quickly the political animosi ties of tliose days were forgotten by families apparently the most antagonistic. Dr. Staats was one of Leisler's main supporters when Brandt Schuyler and Stephanus Van Cortlandt were arrested and prosecuted, and yet with in a few years their sons married his daughters on the same day. Professor Pearson, in the "First Settlers of Albany," says : " It is said that Samuel Staats learned his profession in Holland, and on his return settled in New Amsterdam. When the province surrendered to the English, in 1664, he went back to Holland, where he remained until 1688, and then returned to New York." Gouverneur Kemble said that Dr. Staats' first wife " was an East Indian Begum, or Princess, whom he married while holding an appointment in India, obtained for him ANN ELIZA BLEECKER. 173 by William of Orange, and with whom and his children he returned to Holland, and thence to New York.'' He was only seven years old when the English took possession of New York, and twenty-two when his first child was baptized in the Dutch Church of that city. Pro fessor Pearson's authority is not trustworthy, or the doc tor was precocious. Mr. Kemble was misled, probably by some family tradition, for Samuel Staats' first wife, and the mother of his children, was plain Johanna Rynders, of Albany, whose father was a smith, and not a prince. Family traditions are oftentimes curious and interesting, but seldom trustworthy.' Dr. Samuel Staats died Septeniber 27, 1715, as recorded by Isaac Gouverneur, his son-in-law, in his Bible, which adds : " His age was 58 years in the month of May last past." Brandt Schuyler (140) died at an early age. The fol lowing notice of his death was contained in the Weekly Posi Boy, August 17, 1752 : " Monday last departed this Life, after a very lingering Illness, Brandt Schuyler Esq. Deputy Mayor, and Alder man of the South Ward of this City ; in which last Post lie had been successively chosen for several Years past." His widow, in the following October, advertised to sell a farm or plantation of eighty acres, situated near Green wich on the North River, "with the stock of cattle and horses ; and a fine young negro fellow used to the farm." Ann Elizabeth Schuyler (145) was born after her father's death. At an early age she developed a taste for literature and a talent for making verses. Colonel Stone, ' Another and probably equally veracious tradition is that the Staats family are descendants from a certain Rear- Admiral Joachim Ghyse, who captured a Spanish fleet, and as. a recompense was given the name of Staats and a coat of arms engraved on a gold gorget. 174 ANN ELIZA BLEECKER. in his "Life of Joseph Brant," relates the story of her flight from the Indians in 1777, and in a foot-note says : " It was taken from Kettell's biographical sketches of American poets. Her memoirs and her poems were pub lished many years ago, but I have sought in vain among the libraries and among the Bleeckers to obtain a copy." More fortunate than Mr. Stone, I have been able to pro cure a perfect copy, containing an engraved portrait of the author by Tiebout. It is a duodecimo volume of xvii. and 375 pages, the title of which reads : " Posthumous Works of Ann Eliza Bleecker, in Pirose and Verse. To which is added, A Collection of Essays, Prose and Poet ical, by Margaretta V. Faugeres. New York. T. & J. Swords. 1793." On the fly-leaf is written, " Jn°. Allan, 1802." Be sides the publishers' address and a list of subscribers, among whom was DeWitt Clinton, it contains the me moirs of Mrs. Bleecker, written by her daughter, Mrs, Faugeres ; the works of Mrs. Bleecker, consisting of two prose articles of some length, one the " History of Maria Kittle," the other the " Story of Henry and Anne," both narratives of facts in the lives of two of her neighbors at Tomhanack ; several letters addressed to friends and rel atives ; and thirty-six poetical pieces, the longest of which, "Joseph," occupies fourteen pages. Of the 375 pages in the book, the contributions of Mrs. Faugeres cover 113. The story of her own life, as gathered from her me moirs and letters, is quite as interesting and pathetic as anything she wrote. Although unborn when her father made his will, Anne Elizabeth (changed to Ann Eliza) Schuyler shared by that instrument equally with her brother and sisters in the estate, which was considerable. She was less than seven- ANN ELIZA BLEECKER. 175 teen years old when, on March 29, 1769, she married John J. Bleecker, of New Rochelle, a great-grandson of Jan Jansen Bleecker, of Albany, the American ancestor of the numerous families of that name. His grandmother was Catalyna, daughter of David Schuyler and Catalyna Ver Planck. Soon after their marriage they removed to Poughkeep sie, where they remained about two years, when they removed to Tomhanack, now Schaghticoke, where Mr. Bleecker possessed some landed property. He built a house in a pleasant locality, commanding delightful pros pects and surrounded by forest trees, in which he settled his little family. He had studied law, but had abandoned the profession and engaged in agriculture, as more con genial to his tastes. He was a kind and affectionate hus band, and encouraged his wife to cultivate her literary tastes. Their fortune enabled them to live in a style be coming their education and acquirements, without refer ence to the economies of ordinary farmers. They were fond of their friends, and their house was always open for their entertainment. For a few years their lives flowed on in uninterrupted enjo)'^ment. But the country was in tlie throes of revolution, and they could not long escape the vicissitudes of war. Their retreat lay in the path of ar mies, and was soon invaded by the enemy. When Burgoyne, on his march down the Hudson, ap proached their neighborhood, with swarms of savages on his wings, Mr. Bleecker hastened to Albany to obtain ac commodations for his family until the danger was past, leaving his wife and two young children to the care of his servants and neighbors. He had hardly been gone a day when Mrs. Bleecker, while at the breakfast-table, received intelligence that Burgoyne's Indians were within two miles, burning the dwellings and killing the people. A 1/6 ANN ELIZA BLEECKER. mother's instinct to protect her little ones deprived her of reflection. Without stopping a moment to order a car riage, or make the slightest preparation for a journey, she took her youngest child on her arm, and the other, a girl of four years, by the hand, and fled, accompanied only by a young servant-girl. She joined a throng of fugitives, all so intent on their own safety that they did not observe, or apparently care for, the poor mother and her children. When worn down with anxiety and fatigue, she procured a place in a wagon for the little ones, and herself walked by their side. At last she reached Lansingburgh, where she had friends and acquaintances, among whom she had hoped to find a temporary resting-place. Some of them had enjoyed her hospitality, but they declined to receive her when she knocked at their doors. At last a rich old acquaintance admitted her to sleep in his garret, with a pair of blankets and the floor for her bed. Poor mother ! she could not sleep, but sat and wept through the night. In view of this dismal night, she afterward exclaimed, in a letter to a friend, " Curst be the heart that is callous to the feelings of humanity." Her husband met her in the morning and conveyed her to Albany. Unable to find suitable lodgings in the city, they took passage on a ves sel, hoping to find some place of rest and safety farther down the river. On their way the youngest child sick ened and suddenly died. It was buried on the bank of the river, in a coffin prepared from a dining-table. The mother's heart was well-nigh broken, but there were other trials in store for her. They arrived at Red Hook, and were received in the house of a relative. Here she met her mother, who had been spending some weeks with her at Tomhanack, and had left her just before her flight. She was now wasted to a shadow by her sorrows and afflictions, which had ANN ELIZA BLEECKER. i']'] been more than she could bear, and died within a few days in the arms of her daughter. Not long afterwards Burgoyne and his army surrendered to the patriots, and Mr. Bleecker with his family set out on their return to their desolate and plundered home. They arrived in Al bany in time to stand by the deathbed of Mrs. Bleecker's only remaining sister, Mrs. Switz. They arrived at Tomhanack late in the fall, and passed the winter in tolerable comfort, although the Indians had spared little in their house or fields. The capture of Burgoyne relieved the country from pressing danger, but did not wholly secure the northern frontiers. They were yet open to the incursions of small parties of Indians and tories, who came for plunder and for prisoners. It was the policy of the British to keep the northern borders in constant alarm by parties from Canada, and thus, by detaining the men to guard their own homes, weaken the armies of the patriots. Such plundering parties were made up chiefly of tories and dis affected persons, who had fled to Canada. They knew the houses where the most plunder could be found, and, disguising themselves as Indians, they would steal through the forests, and suddenly swoop down on some unguarded neighbprhood, committing acts of more savage cruelty than the savages themselves. In the winter of 1779, thirty of these miscreants fell upon some of the inhabitants of Tomhanack, and then followed a scene of terror impossible to describe. Mr. Bleecker was much from home on the public service, be ing an ardent lover of the liberal cause, leaving his fam ily to the care of servants. On this occasion they fled as before, but with more method and preparation. They reached Coeymans in safety, and found asylum with a distant relative of Mrs. Bleecker's grandmother, Anne Vol. II.— 12 178 ANN ELIZA BLEECKER. Elizabeth Staats, wife of Philip Schuyler, for whom slie was named. They returned to Tomhanack in the spring, but they lived amid danger and excitement. In August, 1 78 1, Mr. Bleecker, on returning from the harvest-field toward the close of the day, was taken by a few tories and British soldiers within sight of his house. His captors hurried him into concealment, and then showed their orders from Colonel St. Leger for his cap ture. They had been on the watch several days from their hiding-place overlooking his farm, and had become so im patient of the delay that they had resolved to take him from his bed that same night. They securely bound his arms with cords, and obliged him to accompany them through the forests, travelling at night and lying con cealed by day. On the fourth day, when they imagined themselves secure from pursuit, a party of Vermonters unexpectedly pounced upon them, and compelled them to surrender. Meantime, Mrs. Bleecker sat waiting for the return of her husband from the harvest-field, until becom ing alarmed she sent out a messenger, who soon returned with the intelligence that he had found the team tied to a tree, but could find no trace of Mr. Bleecker. His poor v(rife, believing that he had been captured, alarmed the neighbors, who searched in vain. Despairing of ever see ing him again, she retired to Albany, and was kindly re ceived by sympathizing friends. On the sixth day after his capture her husband joined her ; her joy was over whelming. The reaction brought on a fever, followed by a long and severe illness, from which she never fully re covered. They again returned to Tomhanack ; but they were never safe. In the following summer another attempt was made to capture Mr. Bleecker. A party of five men, headed by a notorious tory, lay concealed three days near ANN ELIZA BLEECKER. 1 79 their house, but were frightened away before they could accomplish their purpose. With failing health Mrs. Bleecker assumed an air of cheerfulness, and corre sponded with her friends as usual. Her kind husband tried every expedient to counteract the disease which was slowly wasting her strength and life. She accompa nied him on journeys of business or pleasure inter Vermont and western Massachusetts, but all without avail. Con scious that she had not long to live, she wrote a pathetic farewell letter to her brother, in May, 1783, in which she recounted some of her past experiences and sufferings, and said she had "given her little history, that you may see I die of a broken heart." As a last expedient, Mr. Bleecker took her to New York, peace having been made, although the British troops had not yet left the city. He had hoped a visit to her old home might have a favorable influence on her health and spirits, and perhaps snatch her from the grave. It was a sad disappointment. A large part of the city had been devastated by fire early in the war, and still lay in ruins. The houses of parents, relatives, and friends were gone, and she with difficulty found the places where they had stood. Her relatives and old friends had not yet returned from the various parts of the country in which they had found refuge when the British army had occupied the city. Some were dead, while a few had left the country never to return. There were none to greet her with a kindly welcome, and she turned away with a heart more sad and heavy than when she arrived. She returned to her country home, where after a few months she quietly closed her eyes in the " sleep that knows no waking." She died at the early age of thirty-one years. IV. * ARENT SCHUYLER. Arent Schuyler, the. fourth son of Philip Schuyler and Margarita Van Slichtenhorst, was born in Beverwyck, June 25, 1662. Nothing is known of his boyhood or education. He received sufficient instruction in the schools to fit him for a business life, and it is probable that, like the young men of his time, he completed his education on the lakes and rivers, among the forests and mountains of the inte rior, on trading tours with the Indians. In July, 1684, having fitted himself to pursue the busi ness of a merchant, and having acquired some capital with which to commence, he began his preparations for marr riage and housekeeping. He bought a house on Pearl Street, " where the eagle hangs out," of his mother, for two hundred beavers, to be paid in two instalments. He already occupied the house, and instead of a door-plate he hung out a live eagle in a cage for his name, Arent mean ing eagle. He married Jenneke Teller, on November 26, 1684. She was the daughter of William Teller, who had come from Holland in 1639, and had settled in Albany, where alter a few years of employment by the West India Company he engaged in trade, which he followed for fifty years, and then removed with his sons to New York. A few months after his marriage, Arent Schuyler and his wife made a joint will, which, written in Dutch, is pre served among the original records of Albany. They ap peared before a notary public, who wrote : ARENT SCHUYLER. l8l " The worthy Mr. Arent Schuyler and Jenneke Teller, lawfully wedded husband and wife, living here in Albany, both sound in body and mind, able to walk and stand, memory and speech unimpaired, who together having meditated on the certainty of death, and the uncertainty of the hour of it, and moved by their mutual affection and love, have directed, without being persuaded or influ enced by anybody, to have their last will and testament drawn up. "They first and above all commend their souls to God Almighty, and their bodies to a Christian burial. "They desire that the survivor shall remain possessed of and inherit all the estate and personal property, house, lot, movables and immovables, jewels, silver and gold, coined and uncoined, linen, wool, merchandise, furniture, and all and everything, which they now possess, or may hereafter possess (may he or she remarry or not), without being held to pay over to the parents, friends, or anybody else, even a stiver's worth, much less to deliver an inven tory, or to give security, for the survivor shall remain ab solute heir, administrator, and executor of the entire es tate, even as if they were still both alive." After making provision for any children that " hereafter may be born," and prohibiting any interference by the magistrates or orphan-masters, they declare this to be their last will and testament, and sign, " Arent Schuyler, Yenke Teller." For the next five years Arent Schuyler is supposed to have been actively engaged in his business, meantime dis charging some of the public duties of a good citizen. At one time he served on a committee for providing fuel and other comforts for the houses occupied by the Indians on their trading expeditions to Albany. He was one of the committee to raise funds by subscription to erect fortifications and prepare defences against expected at tacks of the enemy. He actively participated in the pro- 1 82 EXPEDITION TO CANADA. ceedings of the Albany Convention in opposition to the pretensions of Jacob Leisler. After the destruction of Schenectady, in 1690, the Al bany Convention surrendered the fort and city to Leis ler, but its supporters were none the less active in the de fence of the province against the encroachments of the French. Leisler's commissioners sent out a small detach ment of soldiers to take a position at Crown Point and watch the motions of the French. Shortly afterward Captain Abraham Schuyler, with nine whites and some friendly Indians, was directed to proceed to Otter creek and remain four weeks, keeping close watch of the lake and surrounding country. Arent Schuyler joined this party, and while on duty volunteered to lead a company of scouts into Canada. The scouting party consisted of eight Indians, Schuyler being the only white man. They went through the lake and forests, and down the river Sorel to Fort Chambly, and under its walls they "killed two, and took one Frenchman prisoner." He was the first man of the English or Dutch to lead a hostile party from this province into Canada. Hitherto the Five Na tions had fought the French without the aid of their Eng lish allies. Thenceforward the war w^as conducted mainly by the English. Arent Schuyler's courage and success on this occasion gained him credit, and prepared the way for his advancement. He was commissioned a captain, and soon acquired considerable reputation in his new pro fession. In August, 1692, information was received by the acting governor, Ingoldesby, that a delegation of southern Indians, who had been at war with the Five Nations, was on the way to visit their enemies and sue for peace. They had arrived at the Delaware River, and were waiting for permission to continue their journey. The governor and Council considered this an important SENT TO SOUTHERN INDIANS. 1 83 business, which required wisdom in its management, on account of the sensitiveness of the Five Nations to out side interference in their affairs. They finally concluded that Captain Arent Schuyler, who was then in New York, should be despatched to meet them, and conduct them to the governor and Council. He was provided with in structions, and with the usual belts of wampum, as well as with letters of credit to the governor of Pennsylvania to cover extraordinary expenses. Only six days afterward he returned with the "far Indians, called Shawanoes, and some Senecas, who had been travelling together for nine years." He had been expeditious, considering the state of the countr)' and the absence of roads. His itinerary and expense account give some interesting information as to the country and his route. On August 13th, he charges an item for ferriage at Elizabethtown ; on the 14th, lodging and horse-hire ; on the isth, for horse-hire to the Falls (Trenton) and a guide to the Indians ; on the i6th, for two Holland shirts to be given to the In dian chiefs, expenses for self and Indians at Raritan, and expenses at Woodbridge ; on the 17th, for horse-hire from Benjamin Cluet's to Elizabetlitown, when he settled with Mr. Whitehead, who had been his guide to the Falls and back ; on the i8th, his expenses at Elizabethtown, and ferriage from Davitt's. At New York he charges for "butcher's meat, crackers, and peas,'' furnished the In dians by direction of the governor. After his arrival he was charged with the duty of providing for the wants I and comforts of the Indians, and purchased for their use "fourteen gallons single beer, fish, bread, and oysters." When they were ready to leave, he furnished them with provisions for their journey to the Minisink country, and a belt of wampum to be sent to the Five Nations to an nounce their coming to Albany. The most singular feat- 1 84 THE SOUTHERN INDIANS. ure of the account was its small amount — only ;^i2'. 5. 11. currency. The report of his first interview with these Indians, on the Delaware River, is an interesting document to the an tiquarian. Space forbids its insertion at length. I only indicate a few points. The same formalities were observed as in negotiations with the Five Nations. He addressed them as brethren, and presented a belt at the end of each proposition. In turn, they addressed him as Corlaer, as though they were speaking to the governor of New York. " Brethren, " The Governor was pleased to hear that you were come to make peace with the Indians under his govern ment. He has sent me to conduct you to him, when he will send you to the Five Nations at Albany. [A belt.] " Brethren, " The Governor promises to protect you on your journey from all harm, and will use his best efforts to procure for you a lasting peace." [A belt.] Matiset, supposed to be a Minisink sachem, replied : " Father Corlaer, "For three years I have been wandering, and at last came to the head of the lakes, where the French have a small fort commanded by Mons. Tonti. He inquired of me, whatT was doing there ; and whither I was going? I told him I was going to my country, and to my Father Corlaer. Do you not know, said he, your father Corlaer is dead ? I have killed him, and burnt his country.' Therefore, Sachem Matiset, tarry with me ; and as a token of my friendship, I give you my coat with silver lace. I answered, the coat will not make me a sachem here. I will rather go to my land, and see for myself, whether my ' Probably meaning the Seneca country, which Tonti assisted Denon- ville to invade in 1687. THE SOUTHERN INDIANS. 185 father Corlaer and my brethren are dead. There will I again make my fire. Mons. Tonti again said, you have queer notions in your head. Certainly you have some new design. But let me tell you this, you and all the Shaw anoes you take with you will be killed. Then said I, I fear you not, for to-morrow I will leave for New York. Then spoke the sachem of the Shawanoes : T will stop Mons. Tonti's ears. I will go with you ; and where you lead I will follow. To him I answered ; That is good. My land shall be your land. The Shawanoes replied ; but I fear the Mohawks. Why fear ? said I. Corlaer is my father, and the Dutch are my friends. But said he, where is your land ? I have been everywhere, and have found no good land. Minisink, I replied, is my land. There shall we live. My brethren, the Dutch, live in New York,' and they are good. When you see them, you will know they are good. He answered, if they are good, as you say, then surely we will go with you, and live in your land." When these Indians arrived in New York, they had an interview with Ingoldesby and the Council. They re hearsed the story told to Captain Schuyler, Matiset being the chief speaker, the Shawanoes only saying, that they had come to see the country, and, if they liked it, to open the way for their nation. They were satisfied, and now desired that some Christians should be appointed to go back with them to their country, and conduct their whole nation hither with all their possessions. The next day In goldesby gave them another reception, and a cordial invi tation to return ¦w'ith all their tribe, and settle permanently in the province, promising them a hearty welcome, and all the protection that they might require. After dis tributing suitable presents, they were dismissed, appar ently pleased with Matiset's Dutch friends. A few days later it was determined in Council, that their request to 1 86 THE SHA-WANOES. have some Christians accompany them home should be granted, and Captain Arent Schuyler was commissioned to raise a company of thirty men for this purpose. Governor Benjamin Fletcher arrived on August 28th, and continued the negotiations with the stranger Indians. Their arrival and reception was soon made known to the Five Nations, who were suspicious of the object. Major Peter Schuyler wrote to the governor acquainting him with the suspicions of "our ancient allies," and warning him to proceed cautiously. A letter was immediately de spatched, assuring the Five Nations that it was not intend ed to make any treaty, much less a peace, without their consent. Not long afterward some Indians, who had for merly lived on the Hudson River, probably at Esopus, called to see the governor. They had been long absent from their native country, living among the Shawanoes. They now announced their intentions of settling at the Minisink, where the fires of their relatives yet burned, and they asked tlie like privilege for the far Indians, whom they had brought with them, for they had been adopted by the Minisinks, their friends and relatives. The gov ernor replied, that if they first made peace with the Five Nations, he would extend his protection over them. He therefore advised them to go, without delay, and arrange terms with the Five Nations, when all would be well. With the Minisinks there was already a chain of friend ship, which he would firmly maintain. The governor went to Albany, in the latter part of Sep tember, to confer with the Five Nations. On his return to New York, he informed the Council that the Iroquois and the Shawanoes had buried the hatchet. Captain Schuyler organized a company of Dutchmen to accompany the Shawanoes back to their home far in the southwest, and placed it under the command of Arnout ARENT SCHUYLER. lg7 Cornelise Viele, a brave man, and one acquainted with the Indian language. We shall learn something of this expe dition hereafter. Arent Schuyler commanded a company of militia in the campaign, February, 1693, when the French and Indians werb driven from the Mohawk country by Major Peter Schuyler. In the pursuit. Captains Arent Schuyler and Mathews led the advance, and, having overtaken the enemy, would have attacked him, had they not been pre vented by the Mohawk warriors, who feared that their women and children, then prisoners to the French, might be sacrificed. At the close of this campaign Arent Schuy ler had been engaged in military affairs over three years, during which time his business had been neglected, and probably ruined. The war continued, and Albany, as a frontier town, was still exposed to the raids of the enemy, requiring the utmost vigilance of its citizens to protect themselves from impending danger. The old factions, quieted for a time, broke out afresh. Trade was de stroyed, and the bonds of society were loosed. All things considered, his native city was no longer a desirable resi dence for an enterprising young man with a growing family, and he accordingly sought a more desirable lo cality. His brother Brandt and his sister Gertrude were married and settled in New York, as were also several members of his wife's family. He resolved to join them, and to begin life anew. He removed to New York before February, 1694, and resumed his business as a merchant. Arent Schuyler was well acquainted with the Indian languages as spoken by the Five Nations, and other tribes along the Hudson, with whom the Dutch and English had frequent intercourse. He knew their habits and customs, and in other respects was well adapted to negotiations with them. These qualities commended him to the lieutenant- 1 88 ARENT SCHUYLER. governor and Council as a fit person to meet the Shawa noes on the Delaware River and conduct them to New York. He had accomplished the whole business relating to these Indians so well and satisfactorily to the authori ties, that his services were again called into requisition in a similar capacity. The French, ever active and solicitous to extend their influence among the various native tribes, and thus gain positions at different points, declined no undertaking however hazardous to secure their objects. Wherever there was an apparent opening for a priest or fort, they sent their emissaries to explore the ground. Whenever the opportunity was presented, in war or peace, to damage their hereditary enemies, the English, they im proved it. At a Council held on February 3, 1694, Governor Fletcher presented a communication from Governor Ham ilton, of New Jersey, announcing that there were one hun dred Frenchmen and fifty French Indians in the Mini- sink country t(j debauch the Minisink Indians. The re port did not seem credible, as the country of the Mini- sinks, lying on the Delaware and Minisink Rivers, was remote from Canada, with that of the Five Nations lying between. It was considered prudent, however, to send a trusty messenger for more certain intelligence, as there was no knowing what the Canadians might undertake. Arent Schuyler was selected for this delicate and some what hazardous mission. He was instructed to proceed forthwith to the Minisink country, and learn whether there were any French or French Indians there ; if any, how many, and what their business. If he found any considerable numbers, he was to return, with all possible despatch, and report to the gov ernor ; if only a few, then he was to induce the Minisink Indians to take them prisoners, and send them to New ARENT SCHUYLER. 1 89 York. He started on his journey at once, although it was late in the afternoon, stopping over night at Bergentown, where he hired two men and a guide. Thence to his desti nation the country was wild, and occupied by the native population. The next day he reached an Indian village, eight miles beyond the Hackensack. The third day he travelled northwest thirty-two miles through snow and sleet, and the next day crossed the Neversink, camping at night within half a day's journey of the Minisink village. He arrived at his destination on the fifth day in the morn ing, and learned that there were no French there, nor had there been. " But should any come," said the Indians, "we will report to the governor.'' He left on his return the same day, and arrived in New York on the loth, hav ing been absent about six days. While at Minisink he learned some news of a gratify ing character. A few days before his visit, three white men and two Shawanoes Indians had stopped there, on their way to Albany, to procure ammunition for Arnout Viele, who was on his return with seven hundred Shawa noes laden with beaver and peltries. Viele had been absent about fifteen months, and was not expected home until the next June. This was the first news from him since he left with the Sha'wanoes delegation. He did not arrive as soon as he was expected by the report of his messengers. It was not until August that he reached the Minisink village, and thence proceeded to Kingston, where Fletcher met him and gave audience to the Indians. The story they told was a sad one. They had been pursued by their enemies, who had interfered with their hunting, despoiled them of their furs, and killed some of them, as well as same of Viele's men. They had now arrived, not laden with the riches they had promised, but poor, unable even to purchase ammunition, much less to pay the money ad- 190 ARENT SCHUYLER. vanced to their sachems two years before. The governor answered them kindly, and encouraged them to hope for better times. Three months later he received them un der the protection of the government, and supplied them with means to pursue their hunting. The Five Nations gave them lands on the Susquehanna River, on which they settled and remained until their lands were sold out to Pennsylvania. They then removed to the Ohio. A cen tury later, their great warrior-chief, Tecumseh, repaid the debt of his ancestors to the Dutch of Albany by waging a barbarous war against their countrymen of the west. He finally fell in battle by the hand of a future vice-president of the United States. Arent Schuyler's public career closed with his mission to the Minisinks, except that in 1709 he was requested by the governor of New Jersey to summon the Minisink sachems to a conference at Perth Amboy. He continued his residence in New York until 1701-2, when he removed to Pompton Plains, N. J. Like other prosperous men of the period, he gave attention to real estate as an invest ment of surplus capital. In 1685 he procured a license to purchase a tract of land not far from Kingston. In 1691, with his brother-in-law, Caspar Teller, and Samuel Bayard, he obtained leave to buy of the Indians fifteen hundred acres on the west side of Hudson River, at a place called Dan's Chamber (Danskamer, or Dance Cham ber). Three years afterward, Caspar Teller being dead, he and Bayard petitioned to have the land surveyed, wish ing to build saw-mills and prepare timber. In 1695 he, with Samuel Bayard and Anthony Brockholls, procured a patent for 5,500 acres of land at Pequannock (Pompton Plains). One can easily imagine, that on his journey to the Minisinks, the year before, he had seen the beautiful plains, surrounded by high hills and traversed in various POMPTON. 191 directions by small rivers, and had then formed the plan of making a portion of them his own. He doubtless believed it one of the most desirable localities in the neighborhood of New York, and induced his friends Bay ard and Brockholls to join him in founding a new set tlement. In 1696 an Indian sachem deeded to him a thousand acres of land on the Minisink River, for which Governor Fletcher granted him a patent in 1697. The precise date of Schuyler's removal from New York to Pompton is not known. His son William was baptized in New York, on June 2, 1700, and, as a resident of New York, signed a petition of the Protestants to the king in December, 1701. He was living at Pompton when he made his second will, on October 18, 1706. Brockholls, one of his partners in the Pompton lands, ma}' have preceded him a few years. Party politics were exceedingly bitter. Under the administration of Bello mont, the Leislerians made matters warm for their oppo nents, among whom were classed the adherents of the Roman Catholic faith. There were then only ten persons of that religion residents of New York, of whom Brock holls was one. They found their position so uncomfort able that several of them removed from the province, Brockholls seeking refuge in the wilds of New Jersey. Schuyler's wife, Jenneke Teller, died in 1700, and in 1703 he married Swantie Dyckhuyse (marriage-license dated December 12, 1702). After the birth of their first son, John, he made his second will, in which he devised a house on Broadway, New York, to his wife Swantie for life, and after her death to his son John. To his eldest son, Philip, he gave ^^50. The remainder of his estate he divided equally among all his children — Philip, Mar garet, Casparus, Johannes, "and such others as might be born to him." He continued his residence at Pompton 192 TIIE COPPER MINE. until 1 710, when he moved to a large farm which he had purchased from Isaac Kingsland on New Barbadoes Neck, on the east side of the Passaic River, three miles above Newark. On this property a copper-mine was discovered by a negro slave, vs^ho, being offered as a reward anything lie might ask, requested that he might have all the tobacco he could smoke, and nothing else, except "to live with massa till I die." The mine proved a source of much ¦wealth. The ore was shipped to England for smelting, as there were no reduction works in this country. Schuyler hitherto had been prosperous and independ ent, but now he was rich, and not unwilling that his friends and neighbors should know it by his outward display. He built a house, which for those days was palatial, situated on an elevation not far from the river. He purchased more lands, and surrounded his residence with drives and parks, in which were kept large numbers of deer. When he removed from Pompton, he gave his farm, and his un divided share of the lands lie held with Bayard and Brock holls, to his eldest son, Philip. He now bought lands near Bordentown, on which he settled his second son, Casparus ; lands on the Rahway at Elizabethtown, which he gave to his son Peter ; lands at Elizabethtown Point, which he gave to his son Adoniah ; houses and lots in New York City, gifts to his daughters Eve and Cornelia. He made loans on mortgages, which became the dowries of his widow and daughters. The homestead, with its lands and parks, he reserved for his favorite son, John. His prosperity could not close his doors to sickness and death. The wife of his youth had died. Three of her six children had followed her, or gone before. And now his second wife, the mother of his five younger children, died at the age of thirty-eight years. After a time he soothed his grief, forgot his former political animosities, and mar- ARENT SCUHYLER. I93 ried his third wife, Maria, daughter of Robert Walter and granddaughter of Jacob Leisler. The date of this mar riage is not known, but is supposed to have been not long before the date of his third will, December, 1724. When he made his third and last will, he had a much larger estate than twenty years before, when the second was executed. In this he leaves to his son Philip one- third of twelve hundred acres of land at Pompton and Pe quannock, held in common with Samuel Bayard and the heirs of Anthony Brockholls, with twenty-five pounds in cash ; to his son Casparus, to whom he had made a deed of gift of five hundred acres of land at Wingworth Point, on the Delaware River within the township of Borden town, five shillings ; to his son John, the homestead farm, with all the personal therebn and in the house ; to his son Peter, his large house and grounds in Elizabethtown, with seven hundred and eighty-seven acres of land near the Rahway River ; to his son Adoniah, his " large house and tract and pieces of land, and the house and small pieces of land at Elizabethtown Point ; " to his daughters Eve and Cornelia, the house and two lots on Broadway, New York, with an Indian slave woman to each ; to each of the four children of his eldest daughter, Margaret Oliver, de ceased, ^^250 ; to each of my sons " who may be born of my present wife, the same in amount as to each of my sons John, Peter, and Adoniah ; and to daughters that may be born, the same as to my daughters Eve and Cor nelia ," to his wife Mary, besides what was given her in the marriage-contract, the use of his carriages and horses, house and farm-slaves, until the marriage of John, when, if she wished to live apart, his executors were di rected to provide for her " suitably and sufficiently ; " lastly, to his sons John, Peter, and Adoniah, the profits of the mine, share and share alike. Vol. IL— 13 194 ARENT SCHUYLER. His accumulations during the next six years were large, and on October 30, 1730, he made a codicil to his last will, in which there are some changes and other bequests. He gave to Casparus, in addition, ^50 yearly for life ; to his wife, .£2,50°, besides the ^1,500 in the marriage contract ; '/ to Eve and Cornelia, each _;^3,ooo and one-half of the house and lot in Smith's Fly, New York ; to his grand son Arent, son of Philip Schuyler, ^1,000, payable at his majorit)'. He revoked the item devising to John all the slaves and other personal property on the home stead farm, and divided them equally between John, Peter, Adoniah, Eve, and Cornelia. The will and codicil were proved in New York on November 22, 1730, and in New Jersey on June 14, 1732. He left no legacies outside of his family. Benevolent societies had no existence, the Church being the medi um through which eleemosynary contributions were dis pensed. Its benevolence was chiefly confined to the poor of its individual congregations. Whatever Arent Schuyler did in this direction w-as done while living. He was an officer in the Reformed Dutch Church, which, soon after his settlement on the Passaic, he had assisted in organiz ing at Belleville. To this church, in 1729, he gave ^150 as the commencement of a fund for the pastor's salary, to which he added soon after another gift of ;i^3oo. After his death, his widow and five children, in respect to his memory, each contributed to the fund ;:/^So. In 1739 John added ;^i5o, raising tlie total amount of the fund to ^^850. At the time of this last gift, an arrangement was made be- ' Maria, or Mary, ¦Walter, widow of Arent Schuyler, married secondly, in December, 1736, Archibald Kennedy, the receiver-general and collector of customs of New York. She made her will on April g, 1764, which was proved May 23, 1764. Kennedy was a connection by marriage of Governor Burnet, whose father, the Bishop, hiid married a daughter of the Earl of Cassillis. ARENT SCHUYLER. 195 tween the church and the donor, by which the right to vote on calling a minister, as also the right to sign the call, was given to Colonel John Schuyler and his succes sors forever. The consistory bound themselves and their successors not to invite a clergyman of another denomina tion to occupy the pulpit without his or their consent, provided always that they were members of the Dutch Church. In subsequent years differences arose about these arrangements, which resulted in Colonel Schuyler's with drawal from the church, leaving the fund, however, as it was. He united with the Episcopalians, for whom he erected a house of worship in the same village. It has been often said that Arent Schuyler was the an cestor of the New Jersey Schuylers. This is not true in fact. He was indeed the ancestor of many of them, but not of all. Dirck Schuyler, a son of Captain Abraham Schuyler, of Albany, was living in New Brunswick, N. J., in 1738, engaged in business as a merchant. Quite recent ly his father's Dutch Bible was discovered in possession of a descendant in the female line. It contained interest ing records, which were published in the New York Genea logical and Biographical Record. Schuyler families are now living in New Jersey, others in Montgomery County and elsewhere in the State of New York, whose fathers or grandfathers emigrated from New Jersey, none of whom are Arent Schuyler's descendants. He had five sons, who , married and settled in their father's adopted State. Their descendants are numerous, some living in their native State, others widely scattered through the United States, England, and Australia. GENEALOGICAL TABLE. Arent Schuyler's Descendants. 7. ARENT SCHUYLER, b. June 25, 1662, d. November, 1730. "^ m. November 26, 1684, Jenneke Teller. i6o. Margareta, bp. September 27, 1685. m. Charles Oliver, m. 1. dated November 7, 1704. 161. Philip, bp. September 11, 1687. m. Hester Kingsland. 162. Maria, bp. October 6, 1689, d. y. 163. JUDIK, bp. March 11, i6g2, d. y. 164. Casparus, bp. May 5, i6g5, d. April 13, 1754. m. I, Jane . m. 2, Mary , d. December, 1773. 165. ¦William, bp. June 2, 1700, d. y. 7. ARENT SCHUYLER, m. January, 1703, Swantie Dyckhuyse. 165. John, m. Anne Van Rensselaer.^ 166. Peter, m. i, Hester Walter. m. 2, Mary . 167. Adoniah, m. Gertrude Van Rensselaer.^ 168. Eve, m. Peter Bayard. i6g. Cornelia, m. Pierre de Peyster. 161. PHILIP SCHUYLER and Hester Kingsland. 170. Johanna, b. September 2, 1713. m. Isaac Kingsland. 171. Arent, b. February 23, 1715. ' m. I, Helen Wagenen. m. 2, Rachael . 172. Isaac, b. April 26, 1716, d. y. 173. Philip, b. December 23, 1717. 174. Isaac, b. September 8, 1719. m. . ^ Daughters of Patroon Killian Van Rensselaer, of Albany. ARENT SCHUYLER'S DESCENDANTS. 197 175. Elizabeth, b. February 22, 1721. ^ m. Rev. Benjamin Van der Linde, 176. Peter, b. June 7, 1723. m. Mary Ogden, d. s. p. 177. Hester, b. April 12, 1725. m. Tcunis Dey. 178. Maria, b. September 11, 1727. I7g. Jenneke, b. October 6, 1728. m. Board. 180. Johannes, b. June 4, 1730, d. y. 181. Casparus, b. December lo, 1735. m. Brocas, 164. CASPARUS SCHUYLER and Jane . 182. Arent, m. i, Jennette . m. 2, Jatie Praiil. 165. JOHN SCHUYLER and Anne Van Rensselaer. 183. Arent, b. October, 1746. m. November 2, 1772, Swan Schuyler (188). 184. Mary. 166. PETER SCHUYLER and Hester Walter. 185. Catharine, m. Archibald Kennedy,^ she d. s. p. 167. ADONIAH SCHUYLER and Gertrude Van Rensselaer. 186. Rensselaer, lieutenant in the English army, d. s. p. before 1768. 187. Mary, m. Captain Henry St. John,"^ of the British navy, d. 1780. 188. Swan, m. Aretit Schuyler (183). 1 189. John, m. February 16, 1769, Mary Hunter. 190. Peter. igi. Adoniah, m. Susan Shields, of England. ig2. Philip, d. s. p. 171. ARENT SCHUYLER and Helen Van Wagenen. ig3. Philip, m. . ig4. Adoniah, m. Bogart. 173. PHILIP SCHUYLER and . Ig5. Philip, m. i, Berry. m. 2, Eve . ig6. Garrit. ig7. Sally, m. Mandeville, ig8. Polly. 174. ISAAC SCHUYLER and . igg. Philip, m. Duryea. ^ Son of the receiver-general and collector of the port of New York. 2 Third son of John, tenth Baron St. John of Bletsho. 198 ARENT SCHUYLER'S DESCENDANTS. 181. CASPARUS SCHUYLER and Brocas. zcxi. Hetty, m. William Colfax.'^ 182. ARENT SCHUYLER and Jennette . 201. Aaron, ^ m. i, Ann Wright. m. 2, Esther Dey. 202. John, d. a. p. i7g6. 203. Ann. 204. Peter. 205. Abraham, buried September 29, 1767. 206. Charles, d. y. 182. ARENT SCHUYLER and Jane Praul. 207. Mary, b. October 3, 1768, d. November 20, 1768. 208. Charles, b. May 19, 1770. 209. Abraham, b. December 12, J772. 183. ARENT SCHUYLER and Swan Schuyler. 210. Ann, d. July 20, 1783, aged seven years. 211. John A., b. April, 1779. m. I, Eliza Kip. m. 2, Catherine Van Rensselaer. ' 189. JOHN SCHUYLER and Mary Hunter. 212. Adoniah, b. December, i, 1769. 213. Mary, b. November 7, 1770. 214. Anthony Hunter, b. September 3, 1772. 215. John Rensselaer, b. March 7, 1774. 216. Arent, b. February 10, 1776. m. Ann Miller. 217. Philip Henry, b. September 21, 1777. 218. Peter, b. March 12, 1780. 2ig. Rensselaer, b. September 2g, 1782. 220. Gertrude, b. March 24, 1784. 221. S^WANTlE, b. December 17, 1786. 222. James, b. February 12, I78g. ig3. PHILIP SCHUYLER and . 223. Peter, m. and settled at Booneville, N. Y., where he died. 224. Arent, m. Garrison. 225. Leonora, m. Post. ' Captain of Washington's Life Guards and grandfather of Schuyler Colfax, late vice- president of the United States. 2 Here we find Arent erroneously translated into English by Aaron. It really corre sponds to Arnold. 3 Daughter of General Robert Van Rensselaer, of Claverack, N. Y. ARENT SCHUYLER'S DESCENDANTS. I99 194. ADONIAH SCHUYLER and Bogart. 226. Cornelius, m. Mersalis. 227. Leona, m. Quackenbiish, 228. Arent, d. y. 229. Elizabeth, m. Boyd. 195. PHILIP SCHUYLER and l, Berry, 2, Eve . 230. Jacob. 231. Gerrit. 232. Sally. 233. Samuel, d. May 11, 1867. m. I, Anna Schuyler, m. 2, Lydia Hilts, 234. Philip. 235. Betsy. 236. Ann. 237. Polly. 238. Peggy. igg. PHILIP SCHUYLER and Duryea, 239. Isaac. 240. John. 201. AARON SCHUYLER and Ann Wright. 241. Ann, b. August 20, 1774. 242. Jennet, b. June 20, 1776. m. Thomas Machin. 243. Sarah, b. July 3, 1778. m. John Sutton. 244. Aaron, b. January 19, 1780. 245. John, b. March 13, 1783. 201. AARON SCHUYLER and Esther Dey. 246. Anthony Dey, b. October 18, 1785. m. October 25, 1810, Susan Ridge, 247. Peter, b. August 2g, 1788. m. Caroline Brother, 211. JOHN A. SCHUYLER and Eliza Kip. 248. Arent Schuyler, b, November 25, 1801. m. April 24, 1828, Mary Caroline Kingsland. 24g. Harriet Ann, bp. February 17, 1803. m. Smith W. Anderson. 211. JOHN A. SCHUYLER and Catherine Van Rensselaer, 250. John A., d. November 21, 1855, '" '^'^ 44'!^ year. m. Frances Elizabeth Bleecker, 200 ARENT SCHUYLER S DESCENDANTS. 251. Robert V. R., d. February ig, 1855. m. September g, i^it^i, Kate Manchini. 252. Jacob R. , m. November 18, 1847, Susanna Edwards. 253. Catherine Gertrude, m. October 4, 1838, Henry S. Craig, 216. ARENT SCHUYLER and Ann Miller. 254. Mary M., m. Crowningshield, of Massachusetts. 255. Letitia C, bp. October 7, 1804. m. George Powis. 256. John Rensselaer, m. . 218. PETER SCHUYLER and . 257. Peter, b. in New York, January 27, 1809. 258. Eliza, b. New York, September 9, 1810. 259. James, b. New York, May 31, 1812. 260. Robert H., b. New York, June 3, 1814, d. y. 261. Robert, b. New York, August g, 1816. 262. Mary Gertrude, b. in New York, August 1, 1817. 263. Rensselaer, b. New York, March 4, 1821. 264. Amos S. M., b. New York, December 5, 1824. 223. PETER SCHUYLER and . 265. Philip, m. in Booneville, N. Y. He had one son and three daughters. Parents and children, except one daughter, Mrs. Louisa Bamba, of Lynn, Mass., were deceased, before P'ebruary, l87g. 224. ARENT SCHUYLER and Garrison. 266. Arent. 267. Peter. Names of three daughters not given. 226. CORNELIUS SCHUYLER and Mersalis, 268. Mary, m. Voorhis. 26g. Elizabeth, m. Dr. Williams. 270. Harriet. 233. SAMUEL SCHUYLER and Anna Schuyler. 2"]!. John, b. May 5, i8o5 ; residence, Ames, Montgomery County, N. Y. 272. Philip, b. June 15, 1808, d. August 12, 1848. 233. SAMUEL SCHUYLER and Lydia Hilts. 273. Samuel, b. July 25, 1814. 274. Anna, b. October 4, 1816. 275. Mary, b. November 3, 1818. 276. Eliza, b. November 2, 1820. 277. Harriet, b. May 5, 1822. 278. Harman, b. June 31, 1824 ; residence, Sharon Springs, N. Y. ARENT SCHUYLER'S DESCENDANTS. 201 27g. Norman, b. October 25, 1826 ; residence. Orange, Schuyler County, N. Y. 280. Effy, b. March 24, i87g. 281. DoRMAN, b. September i8, 1831 ; residence Orange, Schuyler County, N. Y. 282. Daniel, b. February 6, 1834. 283. Peter, b. June 11, 1836. 23g. ISAAC SCHUYLER and . 284. Philip. 285. Nicholas. 244, AARON SCHUYLER and . 286. Aaron. 287. Randall, residence, Michigan. 245. JOHN SCHUYLER and . 289. Josephus. 2go. Marcus, residence, Ohio. 2gi. Mary, m. William Hoyt. 2g2. Jane, m. Jared D. Turret, 2g3. Eliza, m. David Searles, 2g4. Sarah, m. Abel Vannatta, 2g5. John. 2g6. Susan, m. Thompson. zgy. Aaron, president of Baldwin University, Ohio. 2g8. Peter. 246. ANTHONY DEY SCHUYLER and Susan Ridge. 2gg. William Ridg, b. July 22, 181 1, d. February 18, 1882. m. May 30, 1844, Clara Easttnan. 300. Montgomery, b. January g, 18 14. m. I, September 7, 1836, Sarah Sand ford, d. September 18, 1841. m. 2, October 10, 1843, I-yiici. Eliza Roosevelt, d. October 10, 1852. m. 3, May 2g, 1854, Sophia Elizabeth Norton, 247. PETER SCHUYLER and Caroline Brother, 301. Anthony, b. July 8, 1816. m. I, December 23, l83g, Eleanor Johnson, d. l84g. m. 2, January 5, i860, Mary Hall Allen. ¦ifyi. Mary, d. i86o. m. Edgar H. Hurd. 303. Margareta, m. Edgar H. Hurd. 304. Catherine. 305. Peter, m. Harriet Bostwick. 306. Caroline, m. Rev. Duncan C. Mann, 202 ARENT SCHUYLER'S DESCENDANTS. 248. ARENT HENRY SCHUYLER and Mary C. Kingsland, 307. Henry K., hj March 5, i82g. m. Ellen Valentine. 308. John Arent, b. February ig, 1831, d. June 15, 1870. m. January 14, 1863, Kate Manchini, widow of Robert V. R. Schuyler (251). 3og. Smith A., b. November 18, 1832, d. June 26, 1870. m. Bessie Kneeland, 310. Edwin N., d. y. 311. Harriet A., b. August 2g, 1836. m. Sidney E. Schiejfelin, 312. Sarah K., b. August 8, 1838. m. S. V, C. Van Rensselaer. 313. Arent H., b. August 8, 1840, d. September 20, 1863. 314. Richard K., b. June 24, 1842. 315. MaryC, d. y. 316. Catherine Gertrude, b. August 17, 1846, d. December 16, 1866. 251. ROBERT V. R. SCHUYLER and ^'^^^ Ara«f/«'««. 317. Van Rensselaer, b. July 27, 1852. 252. JACOB R. SCHUYLER and Susanna Edwards. 318. Sarah E. 3lg. Rutsen ¦y. R., m. February 4, 1873, Harriet A. Millick. 320. Catherine V. R. 321. Susanna E. 322. Edwards O. 323. Angelica V. R. 256. JOHN RENSSELAER SCHUYLER and , Canoga, N. Y. 324. James Munroe, d. July 12, 1873, aged 33 years. 325. Ann a., b. 1844. 326. John Rensselaer, b. 1846. 327. Josephine, b. 1849. 259. JAMES SCHUYLER and , California. 328. James Wesley, b. March 25, 1840, in New York. 329. Charles Rensselaer, b. July 10, 1842, in New York. 330. William Henry Harrison, b. June 10, 1845, ^" New York. 331. Mary Elizabeth, b. October 22. 1847, i" New York. 332. Maria, b. June 10, 1850, in New York. 263. RENSSELAER SCHUYLER and -, Seneca Falls, N. Y. 333. Robert Arent, b. November 3, 1848. 334. Mary Elizabeth, b. December 19, 1852. 335. Judith Gertrude, b. July 18, 1856. ARENT SCHUYLER'S DESCENDANTS. 203 2g7. AARON SCHUYLER and — ¦- . 336. Clara, m. J. T. Rowes. 337. Mary, m. E. E. Phillips. '338. Lelia, professor in Baldwin University, Ohio. 299. WILLIAM RIDG SCHUYLER and Clara Eastman. 339. William Henry, b. August 27, 1845, Marshall, Michigan. 340. Sandford Eastman, b, August 14, 1850. 340a. Anthony Dey, b. June 22, 1853, d. August 24, 1871. 300. MONTGOMERY SCHUYLER and Sarah Sandford. 341. Mary Louisa, b. September 15, 1837, d. March 25, 1840. 341a. Sarah, b. October 10, 1838, d. August 17, i83g. 341^. Anthony Dey, b. March 20, 1841, d. July 31, 1841. 300. MONTGOMERY SCHUYLER and Lydia Eliza Roosevelt. 342. Montgomery Roosevelt, b. February 18, 1845. m. February 21, 1870, Lelia Roose velt. 343. Frank Hamilton, b. September 16, i84g, d. March 4, 1851. 344. Louis Sandford, b. March 2, 1852, d. September 17, 1878. 300. MONTGOMERY SCHUYLER and Sophia Elizabeth Norton. 345. William Ridg, b. May 4, 1855. m. December 24, 1881, Sarah Ann Remington, 346. Ellen Glasgow, b. July 2g, 1857. 347. Walter Norton, b. February g, iS'Sg. 348. Philip, b. September 4, 1861. 348a. Mary Bertha, b. October 15, 1864. 348*. Gertrude Lindell, b. March 10, 1868. 3481:. Eugene Paschal, b. February ig, 1870. 348a'. Sophia Norton, b. October 3, 1 872. 301. ANTHONY SCHUYLER and Eleanor Johnson. 34g. Charles B., b. May 6, 1841. 350. Elenor, d. y. 351. Montgomery, m. September 16, 1876, Katherine Be'eckman Livingston. 352. Ben, d. y. 301. ANTHONY %ZYL\Pil.-ER^nA Mary Hall Allen. 353. Margareta, b. January 24, 1861. 354. Hamilton, b. April 3, 1862. 355. Anthony, b. May 20, 1868. 307. HENRY K. SCHUYLER and Ellen Valentine. 356. Arent, b. September, 25. i860. 357. Campbell V., b. July 2, 1864. 204 A.RENT SCHUYLER'S DESCENDANTS. 345. WILLIAM RIDG SCHUYLER and Sarah Ann Remington. 3453. Montgomery, b. January 25, 1883. 3453. Remington, b. July 8, 1884. 351. MONTGOMERY SCHUYLER s.nA Katherine Beeckman Livingston. 351a. Montgomery, b. September 2, 1877. 35ii5. Philip Livingston, b. February 24, 1880, d. June 2g, 1880. 35iir. Robert Livingston, b. February 26, 1883. NOTES ON ARENT SCHUYLER'S DESCENDANTS. Swantie Dyckhuyse, the second wife of Arent Schuyler, must appear on these pages as an orphan. I have been unable to find any trace of her family, and only one of the name, among the records of New York or Albany. Among the marriage-licenses granted by Lord Cornbury, and bound up with other records in New York City, is one of date December 12, 1702, "Arent Schuyler and Swantie Dyckhuyse." I imagine that her family lived on Broad way, New York, and that she inherited the house on that street which her husband left to her for life, and then to their son John, in his will of 1706.' Philip, Arent's eldest son, married Hester Kingsland, daughter of Isaac Kingsland, of New Barbadoes Neck, of whom his father bought the farm at Belleville. He occu pied the homestead at Pompton, and cultivated the soil of his "native acres." He had considerable influence among his neighbors, and was their representative in the Legisla ture several terms. He had twelve children, three of whom died in infancy or childhood. Five sons and four daugh ters survived him, and had families. His descendants are very numerous, a few only of whom, a family of sisters, remain on the old place. Others are so widely scattered that it is difficult to find them, or to identify them when ' John Tunisse "Van Dyckhuyse, a magistrate of Flatbush, was com plained of by Gerardus Beeckraan for abuse and defamation, March 27, l6g3. Doc. Hist., ii., 414. 206 CASPARUS SCHUYLER. found. They were mostly farmers, and, when their own locality was occupied, they emigrated to other parts of the country as they were opened to settlement. Some re turned to New York after the Revolution and settled in the Mohawk Valley, from which the Indians had removed to Canada, and others elsewhere in the State, while others followed the tide of emigration farther west. A grand daughter of Philip Schuyler, Hetty, the only child of Cas parus (i8i), acquired some reputation as the wife of Will iam Colfax, Captain of Washington's Life Guard, and the grandmother of a future vice-president of the United States. Casparus Schuyler (164) had his home on the Delaware River, remote at the time from his father's family and relatives, and for a hundred years or more his descendants were little known by others of the name. In the church yard of St. Mary's, Burlington, N. J., stands a simple stone, inscribed, " In memory of Gasperus Schuyler who De parted this life April 13, 1754 aged 59 years" ; and in the parish register is entered, "Buried 1773 Decmr 30 Mary widow of Casparus Schuyler.'' He appears to have had only one child, a son, named (182) Arent after his grandfather. Arent in his will, dated May 7, 1774, mentions five sons and one daughter, among them Aaron, the eldest, one of whose sons emigrated to Ohio and two to western New York. The descendants of these three brothers have vindicated their blood, and made their name respected in theology and literature. Two hold high positions in the Church, one is president of a college and author of several educational works, and an other is editor of a metropolitan journal. John Schuyler (165) occupied the homestead at Belle ville, and with his brothers Peter and Adoniah worked the copper-mine which his father's negro had discovered. PETER SCHUYLER. 20/ The produce of his large plantation and the output of the mine gave him a splendid income. The superintendence of his business gave him full employment congenial to his tastes. Itwas sought to engage him in public life by ap pointing him to the governor's Council, but this failed of its object, for after a brief term of service he resigned. Peter Schuyler (i66) was the best known of the family. The fine estate inherited from his father was largely in creased by his marriage to Hester Walter, the daughter of a rich New York merchant residing on Hanover Square. His elder brother, John, superintended the mine, and he was left at leisure to turn his attention to other objects. Unlike many men in similar circumstances, he did not sur render his life to dissipation or genteel idleness, but im proved his estate, and took upon himself a share of the public burdens. He was interested in military affairs, and qualified himself to assume command of troops, should the necessity occur. While the French were seated on the continent, no permanent peace could be expected, and it became the duty of every good citizen to be prepared to defend his country from their encroachments. New Jer sey's geographical position rendered her comparatively secure, but in time of war she was required to render as sistance to her sister colonies, especially to New York, on whom the chief burden of defence always rested. When the European war of 1744-48 began, it was seen that the colonies could not escape its influence, and that they must be prepared to share in its fortunes. The sub jugation of Canada was believed, as in former times, to be the only way to secure a permanent peace. Measures were accordingly concerted between the English Govern ment and her provinces for another effort to conquer their troublesome neighbors. Canada was to be invaded by sea and land. Five hundred men were to be furnished by 2C8 PETER SCHUYLER. New Jersey as her quota to the army. Peter Schuyler was authorized to recruit the men, and was then commis sioned, on September 7, 1746, as their colonel commandant. He left Amboy on September 3d, and arrived at Albany on the 9th. England failed to keep her engagements, and the expedition was abandoned. Governor Clinton, how ever, declined to disband the forces which had been as sembled, until he had received instructions from the king ; neither did he pay them, nor furnish them with supplies. His reasons for this unfair treatment were frivolous — " if " said he, "they receive their pay they will desert." Colo nel Schuyler's regiment suffered greatly for the want of a surgeon and medicines, as well as for clothing and rations. He wrote to the governor of New Jersey, that unless they were paid their dues and better provided for they would desert with arms and baggage. Governor Hamilton hast ened to assure him that he had that day ordered "two speckled shirts and one pair of shoes for each man." Nothing was said about other necessary clothing, provi sions, medical attendance, or pay. The men were not com forted, and arranged for an indignation meeting. The time had come when something more effectual had to be done for the honor of the service and for humanity. Colonel Schuyler could not be an indifferent spectator while his fellow-soldiers were suffering for want of means for their own support and that of their poor families at home — he paid his men in full out of his own resources. This drew from Governor Clinton a sharp rebuke, " for," so he wrote to Schuyler, "it was not proper, since, in the opinion of his majesty's Council of this province, the re taining the greatest part of the arrears due till his ma jesty's pleasure be known is the most effectual method to prevent desertion." Later Clinton wrote to his govern ment, complaining that Schuyler, having paid his men in PETER SCHUYLER. 209 full, had caused dissatisfaction and almost mutiny among the other "levies," so that he had been forced to pay them each forty shillings, and promise them twenty shillings a, month thereafter. Subsequently Schuyler was assigned with his regiment to Fort Clinton, at Saratoga, which he occupied until he was forced to abandon it for vs^ant of provisions in the fall of 1747. The peace of Aix-la-Chapelle, in 1748, terminated the war, when Schuyler returned to his home and to more congenial duties. The peace was of short duration, and in 1754 the war was renewed. Schuyler at the head of his regiment again took the field, and was stationed at Oswego. After the defeat of Braddock, the western frontiers of New Jersey were exposed to Indian raids. Schuyler was recalled witli half his men to occupy the block-houses erected along the Delaware River for the protection of his own province. In the following spring he returned to Oswego ; and when that fort was captured by Montcalm, in 1756, he and half his regiment were surrendered prisoners to the French. He was taken to Montreal, and thence to Quebec, where he remained until October, 1757, when he was released on parole. With a Frenchman and two Indians he traversed the wilderness to Fort Edward, whence he proceeded to New York, arriving on November igth. There was great joy expressed, and the city was illuminated in his honor. On his arrival home a salute of thirteen guns was fired ; and the next evening, at Newark, the houses were illumi nated, cannon were fired, and bonfires kindled. These unusual festivities terminated with a supper, toasts, and wine. A month later, when on his way to Trenton, the good people of Princeton tendered him a hearty welcome, and sang his praises in an original poem. Wherever he went he was greeted more as a conqueror than a prisoner 14 210 PETER SCHUVLER. on parole. Why this general joy ? As a soldier he had done his duty, but had gained no laurels in battle. He had been unfortunate in the only contest in which he had been engaged, not from any fault of his own, it is true, but from the fortune of war. He was beloved by those who knew him, and his assured safety was cause of rejoic ing on the part of his friends. But this was not all. While in Canada he had shown himself to be a true philanthro pist. He was surrounded by hundreds of poor prisoners, some taken, like himself, after a contest at arms, others torn from their New England homes by cruel savages ; all, or nearly all, without money or means to procure the neces saries of life, while some were toiling in an ignoble bond age. His captors knew him to be rich, and did not hesi tate to supply him on his drafts with all the funds that he required ; the money thus procured lie unselfishly dis tributed among his more unfortunate countrymen without regard to their places of birth. He knew no difference be tween Jerseymen and those from other provinces ; they were all alike his countrymen and entitled to his sympa thy. He befriended the New England mother and her helpless children, once in possession of a happy home, now the slaves of heartless savages, and bought their liberty. The soldier in rags he clothed in comfortable garments ;, he fed the hungry, some of them at his own table. His sympathizing nature and his unselfish charity gave him renown and a place in the hearts of his countrymen. It was for this, and not for martial prowess, that he was feasted and entertained. His leave of absence on parole expired before he was able to make arrangements for his exchange. " The king," so wrote Secretary Pitt, "has a true sense of the active zeal of Colonel Schuyler, and saw with concern his disagreeable situation from the difficulties which have PETER SCHUYLER. 2X1 arisen with regard to his exchange." The governor of Canada demanded his return, and he again surrendered himself to his captors. Colonel Bradstreet, in the August preceding, by a rapid march from Albany to Oswego, which the French had destroyed and abandoned, and thence by boats across the lake, had surprised and capt ured Fort Frontenac, taking over a hundred prisoners, who ¦were released on parole. There was now a fair pros pect of securing Schuyler's release, and he accordingly re ceived from the English General Abercromby full au thority to negotiate an exchange of prisoners, officer for officer, and man for man. He was successful, and effect ed the exchange of a number equal to Bradstreet's pris oners, — of himself for the commandant of Fort Frontenac. He immediately left for home, and arrived at Fort Ed ward on November ii, 1758, ¦with eighty-nine men, women, and children, some of whom had been ransomed from captivity by himself at a "high price." Two years before, when first a prisoner in Canada, he had procured the liberty of several captives, among whom were Mrs. Jemima Howe and three of her children, of Hinsdale, N. H., for whom he paid twenty-seven hundred francs. The Indians who captured Mrs. Howe had sold her to a Frenchman. She was separated from her children, and held as a ser vant. Her position soon became exceedingly trying and uncomfortable, for both her master and his son were per sistent in dishonorable proposals. When her situation came to the knowledge of Schuyler, he called on the gov ernor, and through his intervention released her from servitude, and rescued her from her would-be lovers by the payment to the Frenchman of a handsome profit on his original investment. Now again, while busy in his negotiations, he had an other opportunity to exercise his benevolence. In a skir- 212 PUTNAM EXCHANGED. mish with the enemy north of Fort Edward, Major Put nam, the future Revolutionary general, was captured by' the Indians, stripped of his clothing, and otherwise in humanly treated, and in this sorry plight compelled to follow his captors to Montreal. There Schuyler met him, and saw his forlorn condition. He procured him cloth ing, and furnished him with means to make him comfort able. In time he procured his exchange and sent him home. It is only just to say that the English Government re paid him in part for his expens'es in behalf of the cap tives, and that the province of New Jersey refunded a por tion of his advances for the pay of his regiment. In the campaign of 1759, Schuyler and his "Jersey Blues " were again in the field. Toward the close of the year he returned to his home, and spent the winter with his family. In the spring he rejoined the army under General Amherst, and participated in the events which closed with the complete conquest of Canada. He en tered the city of Montreal with the victorious armies, and appeared on the streets where he had so recently walked a prisoner in the martial bearing of a conqueror. At the close of the war he returned to his belo^ved Peterboro', on the banks of the Passaic, but did not live long to enjoy the blessings of the peace which he had helped to secure. In less than two years he died,, at the early age of fifty-two years. Peter Schuyler's family was small. His daughter Cath erine was his only child, to whom, by his will, he gave the bulk of his large estate. Her mother, Hester Walter, seems also to have been an only child, for Catherine was sole heiress of her grandfather, John Walter, a man of large property. She was also the heiress of Richard. Jones, another relative, who left her, besides personal CATHERINE SCHUYLER. 213 property, some farms on the Raritan River. Her father, grandfather and Mr. Jones all died within a short time of each other, and she suddenly became possessed of an estate equalled by few in either province. Possessed of a comely person, with an education and accomplishments as good as the schools could give, she was considered a prize of no mean order among the marrying men of her acquaintance. Captain Archibald Kennedy, of the royal navy, commanding the ship Coventry, lying in the harbor of New York, was the successful suitor, and married her before June, 1765. Her grandfather, John Walter, was a grandson of Jacob Leisler, portions of whose estate came finally into her pos session. Her real estate at the time of her marriage with ¦ Kennedy consisted of a large house and lot on Hanover Square, lately occupied by John Walter, deceased ; two other houses on H^anover Square ; a dwelling-house and warehouse on a lot bounded on one side by Wall Street, and on another side by the East River ; a lot 30 feet front on Crown (Liberty) Street ; four houses and lots on Water Street; a lot 40 by 80 feet on Coenties Slip; three other dwellings and lots on Water Street ; a dwelling and lot corner of Wall and Burnet Streets ; a dwelling and lot on the east side of Broadway ; thirty-three lots on Chatham, Frankfort, and other streets, "distinguished on a map of lots made by Jacob Leisler." All these houses and lots were in the city of New York. In New Jersey she owned the homestead farm, called Peterboro', now East Newark, containing over nine hundred acres ; all the right and title of her late father "in two cedar swamps and meadows lying near the Island Succocus ;" as also her father's share in the commons of Bergen Township ; four hundred acres of farming land on the south side of the Raritan River ; also a share in six hundred and forty acres adjoining the 214 CATHERINE SCHUYLER. last-mentioned land ; her father's share in a tract of land called the Ash Swamp ; several dwellings and lots in Elizabethtown ; and, lastly, her father's third share in the copper mine at Belleville. The amount of her personal estate is not known, but it must have been considerable. It will be seen that Catherine Schuyler was rich. After her marriage with Kennedy, she made a trust deed to James Duane, June 13, 1765, of all the above enu merated property, conditioned, that when called on he should convey it to Archibald Kennedy and Catherine Schuyler Kennedy, with a provision that the survivor of the two should possess the whole. Two days later James Duane made a deed of the property to Kennedy and his wife, containing the clause that it should belong to the longest liver, whether husband or wife. Before January 21, 1768, Catherine had died, leaving no children, and her husband was in possession of an estate which had been accumulating in different hands for several generations. Lieutenant-Governor Colden said, in 1765, that '¦' Archi bald Kennedy possessed more houses in New York than any other man." He o-vvned the greater part of them by right of his wife. A few years after the death of Catherine Schuyler, Kennedy married her cousin, Anne Watts, on April 27, 1769. He was in command of the ship Coventry, lying in New York Harbor, when the " stamps " were received from England, and was requested by Lieutenant-Governor Colden and the Council to take them on board his vessel for safety, until the excitement in the city subsided. He declined to receive them. For this, and other acts not considered strictly loyal, he was removed from command. After losing his ship, he retired to Peterboro,' resolved not to lose his estate, if it could be avoided. After the Revo lution fairly began, the Committee of Safety, having reason ARCHIBALD KENNEDY.^ 2X5 to suspect that he was inimical to the patriot cause, ordered him to retire to the county of Sussex and remain within a mile of the court-house. He obeyed without a mur mur, and bore his banishment like a philosopher. He was quiet and ¦well behaved, and after a few months was permitted to return to his home. Later he went to Eng land, and succeeded his kinsman in the earldom of Cas- silis. He saved his American property and transmitted it to his sons, who in 1803 appointed Robert Watts their agent to sell it. In the colonial documents (X., 776) there is a foot-note by the editor, giving a short biographical sketch of Col onel Peter Schuyler, which is erroneous as regards his daughter Catherine. She is said to have married Archi bald Kennedy, receiver-general and collector of customs. The latter gentleman came to New York in 17 14, with letters from the Earl of Stair to Governor Hunter. He was soon after appointed to office, and held from that time to his death some of the most lucrative positions in the province. In 1761 he applied to Governor Monckton to be relieved from the Council, of which he was a mem ber, on account of his age. Less than two years later Governor Colden announced his death as having occurred on June 14, 1763. It was Mary Walter, the widow of Arent Schuyler, whom this gentleman married. Their marriage-license is dated June 14, 1736. She survived him many years, and in her will she mentions the fact that when she married him she was the widov(r of Arent Schuyler. Colonel Peter Schuyler was twice married — first to Hestei- Walter, second to Mary . In his will he made pi-ovision for his "wife Mary," but far froni liberal considering his wealth. He left her " furniture for one room, tvpo slaves, and fifteen hundred pounds in cash." 2l6 THE ENGLISH SCHUYLERS. His daughter Catherine, in her deed to James Duane, mentioned " Hester Schuyler, her late mother." Adoniah Schuyler (167) left the copper mine to be managed by his brother, and established himself as a mer chant in the city of New York. He soon became a man of large wealth, and enjoyed a high social position. He did not confine himself to merchandise, but was engaged in other enterprises. He added to the value of his large landed estate at Elizabethtown Point by the establishment of a ferry to Staten Island, the charter of which is a curi ous document, containing a tariff of charges carefully catalogued. He died before May, 1762, leaving seven children. Two of his sons, Rensselaer (i86) and Adoniah (191), entered the British service ; the first as lieutenant in the army, the latter as midshipman in the navy. Rensselaer died young and unmarried ; Adoniah was taken to England by his brother-in-law, the Honorable Captain Henry St. John (son of John, tenth Baron St. John of Bletsho), and put into the navy, where he rose to the rank of captain. He mar ried Miss Susan Shields, of Plymouth. His descendants settled in Cornwall, and the tombs of many of them are to be seen at Falmouth. Several of them were captains of the once famous line of packets sailing between Falmouth and Lisbon. One of the daughters of Adoniah married into the Graham family, of Scotland, and one branch of the male descendants emigrated to Australia, where they are said to be still living. The only ones of the male line now living in England are Adoniah Graham Schuyler, captain in the Duke of Cambridge's Own (Middlesex) Regiment ; and his brother Edward E. S. Schuyler, cap tain in the Prince of Wales' Own (West Yorkshire) Regi ment, in the British army. The American descendants of Adoniah Schuyler (167) ARENT SCHUYLER. 2x7 are numerous. His widow married Robert Livingston, the third proprietor of Livingston manor. Arent Schuyler (183) succeeded his father to the home stead at Belleville shortly before the Revolutionary War. I have a manuscript copy of parts of a journal kept by Isaac Bangs, a graduate of Harvard College and an offi cer in a Massachusetts regiment stationed in New York in 1776. He and two other officers were detailed, with eighty men, to go into New Jersey and cut timber with which to obstruct the harbor against the enemy's vessels. Work was begun in a cedar swamp a short distance west of the Hackensack River, belonging to Mr. Schuyler. The offi cers made him a visit on the day of their arrival, and found him friendly and courteous. On their way the guide con ducted them to the celebrated copper mine, the works of which were in ruins, having been burned by a discharged workman four years before. They spent the night with him, and a day or two afterward dined with him by ap pointment. Schuyler returned their visits, spending some time on each occasion at their camp. As they were all young fellows and college graduates, they forgot the criti cal situation of the country, and gave themselves up to the enjoyment of the hour. One day Schuyler came di rectly after breakfast, and made " a day of it," not leaving until night ; " during which time," says the journalist, " many decanters of wine suffered shipwreck, many bowles of grog were poured down our thirsty bellies, nor was eggpop forgot among our dainties. Spent the whole day very agreeably." The next morning Mr. Bangs enters on his journal, "Slept very ill." On June 28th Lieutenant Bangs finished his business, and prepared to return to his regiment, but as it was after "sunset" he accepted Mr. Schuyler's invitation to spend the night with him. The next morning Schuyler lent him 2X8 bangs' JOURNAL. a horse, and accompanied him in his chaise to New York, where they parted with expressions of mutual regard. The journal then proceeds : " Since I liave had occasion to speak frequently of Mr. Schu)der I must give a small Detail of his family, which consisted of Himself, Wife, one small Daughter, a Mother and Miss Polly, his Sister, about 13 or 14 years old, be sides a Brother of his Wife and his Family, who fled from New York ; What can be said of one may be justly appli cable to all viz : considering all Circumstances they are as agreeable People as ever I had the Pleasure of being ac quainted with. Mr. Schuyler (though a Gentleman of Liberal Education not more than 27 years of age, and one of the first Estates in the Province) yet he inspects every nook on his Farm which is vastly extensive. Mrs. Schuy ler (his Wife) tho not beautiful in her outward Form, is possessed of such a beauteous Mind as must make her agreeable to every one that hath the pleasure of being acquainted with her. She as doth her Husband, taketh Pleasure in regulating the Affairs of their Family, which by her Diligence and Care, is kept in the neatest order ; and the greatest Harmony and Decorum may be observed in every Department of the whole. Besides the Persons before mentioned which compose the Family are about 50 or 60 Blacks all of whom except those who are neces sary for Domestic Service live in a large convenient House built for that Purpose without the Gate ; in the House every servant hath their particular sphere to act in, I never saw more than 2 in the House otherwise than in the Kitchen, and those were waiters. Those who live in the Out House each have their particular Departments and regular hours to work in, their victuals is cooked at cer tain Hours by their own cookes, to which they are regu larly called by a Bell ¦which Rings in the Morning for the Servants to turn out to their work and for Breakfast — for Dinner at the proper Time for them to leave their Work and again at 8 in the evening for each to repair to their bangs' JOURNAL. 2x9 House after which no Noise is heaird. Notwithstanding they have so large a Family to regulate Mrs. Schuyler also seeth to the Manufacturing of suitable clothing for all the Servants, all of which is the Produce of their own plantation, in which she is helped by her mamma and Miss Polly, the whole is done with less combustion and Noise than many Families who have not more than 4 or 5 Per sons in the whole Family ; this whole Family seems ever to be still and quiet and serene, notwithstanding its mag nitude and the m.ultiplicity of Business which they have to transact. What added to my surprise after observing the regulations of this wonderful Family was to under stand that Mrs. Schuyler was born of and brought up in a Rich and genteel Family in the City of York where her Education must have been so vastly different and- noways connected with the Life she now leads nor does she cast off the Mien and Behaviour of the genteel bred woman — but the whole family live and dress in a very genteel man ner so far as gentility is consistent with Reason. Mr. and Mrs. Schuyler seem always to be at leisure and never dis turb company with being busied and hurried more than if they had nothing to do. It is not from any Parsimonius Views that Mr. Schuyler and his Wife employ themselves in many Matters which is uncommon in People of their Fortune, but they often told me when I expressed my sur prise at it, that this was their greatest pleasure, and they would both in passionate Terms lament and pity the Fate of those People of Fortune who were blinded by their Education as not to discover some such Expedient to em ploy those many leisure Hours which they are daily rack ing their Inventions to kill and which nevertheless hang heavy on their Hands. Nor do either of them wholly slight the diversions of the Town, but frequently were they wont while the Town was in Peace, to spend a few days at a time in the City and sometimes they make small Excursions in the Country. "Mr. Schuyler's Mansion House is a large, grand and magnificent building, built partly of stone and the rest 220 ARENT SCHUYLER. brick most beautifully situate upon an eminence on the east Bank of what is called Passaic River ; on the west side of the River by the Water is the Road which leads to Hack ensack, Albany etc. by which are a considerable number of Buildings and two Churches, the one a Dutch and the other an English Church built by Mr. Schuyler's Father. These together with the Buildings standing by a straight and level road and the beautiful Groves on the Eminences on the West afford a most delightful Prospect from the Groves of Mr. Schuyler's House. On the back part of the House is a large neat Garden built partly for Orna ment and partly for Convenience. At the back of the Garden is a prodigious high Hill covered with Woods^ — the House has a sufficiency of out Houses on the South and on the North, at a little distance are his Barns sufficient to accommodate his Farm which by accounts is three miles across, in fine the situation of this Gentleman's Dwelling both for Convenience and Please is the best I ever beheld. On the East of his House at the Distance of about f of a Mile he hath two Parks in which are about 150 or 160 Deer but I could not get a sight of them as they never come out of the Woods except in the Night. " Mr. Schuyler was descended from the Family of Schuylers which rendered so much good Service to N. England as mentioned in Hutchinson's History, there are many of the same Family at Albany now and at New York. . This Gentleman's Grandfather in but tolerable Circumstances moved from Albany to the place above described. (The Township is called New Barbadoes) and here he accidentally discovered the Copper Mines now possessed by his Grandchild out of which he got great Wealth and the family carrying on the Works have made daily additions to the Estate till they have all the lands contiguous and are now immensely Rich. The whole Family have been noted for their Liberality to the Pub- lick, but especially to the Poor and Indigent, and it is re markable that of the great Number I daily while there ARENT SCHUYLER. 221 heard speak of the Family, none spoke otherwise than with respect and Love. " What could hinder this Man from being happy, unless he had a most discontented mind ? A Man that in Mr. Schuyler's Scituation could not be happy deserves no longer to continue on the Earth. I remember once to have asked him if he thought himself Happy, he replied 'Yes.' I then asked him if he thought any Man more happy than himself? he calmly answered that possibly some might be, for he had his gloomy Hours, but that the Man that was more Happy than himself was Happy indeed, but that he imagined and made no doubt that many were, as happy. This last part I doubt of, for tho' some have to outward appearance sufficient to make them happy, yet few have that Temper and- disposition and Temper of Mind which is the chief Blessing enjoyed by this Gentleman. Without making any more Remarks (for I cant do justice to what I have endeavoured) I must declare the few Days spent in this Family to be the most happy of any that I was ever sensible of enjoying in my Life. While I was with him we contracted a most inti mate Friendship, and he on parting desired me to visit him as often as possible, and on his part engaged to do the same — he also made me a very generous offer with re gard to being innoculated with the Small Pox which I believe I shall accept when I have served my Country through this Campaign. As I returned to New York I saw. the Signals for the arrival of more than 20 Ships hoisted on Staten Island. July 29, 1776." Arent ScHtrvLER (171) was arrested, on July 11, 1777, and locked up in the Morristown jail, as a disaffected person. After a month's detention he took the oath of loyalty to the patriot cause, and was released. He is the only one of Philip Schuyler's descendants bearing the name, so far as I have discovered at the present writing, who seemed to halt in loyalty to his country. Aaron Schuyler, LL.D. (297), is the author of several 222 LOUIS SCHUYLER. educational works on logic and mathematics, which have a deserved popularity in the Western States. Rev. Montgomery Schuyler, D.D. (300), is rector of a Protestant Episcopal Church in St. Louis, Mo. Rev. Anthony Schuyler, D.D. (301), is rector of the Protestant Episcopal Church of Orange, N. J. Rev. Louis Sandford Schuyler (344), was born on March 2, 1852. He graduated at Hobart College in 1871, was ordained a Deacon of the Protestant Episcopal Church, in St. Louis, Mo., on September 21, 1873, and a Priest on March 5, 1876. Earnestly and sincerely pious, he devoted himself to the service of his Church, for a time as an as sistant to Bishop. Doane at Albany, but chiefly in mission work at St. Louis. His piety was of the fervent and as cetic type, and in the autumn of 1877, he went to England for the purpose of joining the Brotherhood of St. John Evangelist at Cowley. His health proved too delicate to permit of his carrying out his purpose, and he soon re turned. For a time he had charge of a parish in Newark, N. J., but on September 4, 1878, learning that there was a call for a clergyman at Memphis, where the yellow fever was then raging, he hastened to that city. He arrived on the evening of September 8th, threw himself at once into the work, and was soon attacked by the fever, of which he died on September 17th. Of such are the saints. Montgomery Schuyler (351) is a journalist well known by his contributions to monthly periodicals, and by his connection with the New York World and the New York Times. He is now managing editor of Harper's Weekly, V. JOHANNES SCHUYLER. Johannes Schuyler, the sixth and youngest son of Philip Schuyler and Margarita Van Slichtenhorst,' was born on April 5, 1668, and was fifteen years old when his father died. He began at an early age to take an interest, in public affairs. In 1689 he joined the convention which assumed the government of Albany and its dependencies in opposition to Leisler. In the next year he was a vol unteer in the army of General Winthrop for the invasion of Canada. It was seen, when it was decided to abandon the enterprise, that the confidence of the Five Nations in the English to assist them in their long war with the French was shaken. To give them courage and to retain their alliance, some means had to be devised to prove that their English friends were not devoid of valor and were willing to join them in a raid against their enemies. Hitherto the Indians had fought their battles alone and unaided by the active co-operation of white men. Now it had to be made apparent that their English allies could fight as well as talk. Johannes Schuyler, although young, was brave and en- ' Philip Schuyler, the fifth son of Philip Schuyler and Margarita ^Van Slichtenhorst, is the ancestor of my branch of the family, and is next in order for consideration ; but, as it is my purpose to speak also of his fe male descendants to a limited extent, I shall conclude what I have to say in reference to the other branches, and leave Philip's history and genealogy for the last, giving to their descendants a new series of numbers. 224 JOHANNES SCHUYLER. ter prising. He was acquainted with the Indian character, and knew their mode of fighting. When others of more age and experience held back, he volunteered to lead a company into the enemy's country and do all the damage possible. His service was accepted by the general, who conferred upon him the temporary commission of cap tain. Twenty-nine whites and one hundred and twenty Indians volunteered under his command. Winthrop, from his limited stores, supplied him with canoes, arms, and provisions. From his journal of the expedition, we learn that he left camp on August 13, 1690, and on his way down Wood Creek met Captain Glen returning from a scout, of whose men thirteen whites and five Indians joined his company. Two days afterward he was within three miles of Crown Point, and fast approaching that part of the lake supposed to be occupied by the enemy. As their success depended measurably on the secrecy of their movements, they now resolved to remain in camp during the day and march only by night. The point of attack was not yet settled, whether Fort Chambly, or La Prairie, or the farming settlements on the south bank of the St. Lawrence not far from Montreal. It was a ques tion of some importance as to which of these places should be made the objective point. A council was called of the officers and chiefs, who determined by a majority to at tack La Prairie. Belts were then passed between the In dians of different tribes to ratify the decision and to stand by each other, followed by a hand-shaking all around among Christians and Indians. When they arrived at the River Chambly, their scouts reported that they had discovered on the west shore traces of the enemy, and the place where fourteen pris oners captured in New England had recently been bound to stakes, but had not seen anything more to indicate the ATTACK ON LA PRAIRIE. 225 presence of enemies. They now concealed their canoes and some provisions, began their march across the country in the direction of La Prairie, and toward evening ar rived in the vicinity of the fort. They camped in the forest, and early the next morning their scouts reported the people to be leaving the fort for their work in the fields. Captain Schuyler wished to capture this working party, and directed his forces to take up a position be tween the fort and fields before beginning the attack. He was disappointed, for his Indian allies no sooner saw the French at work than raising the war-whoop they rushed upon them. Instead of capturing the whole party, as was intended, he took prisoners only nineteen, after killing six, the others escaping into the fort. His loss was only one man, an Indian. After the fight was over and the prisoners secured, everything outside the fort, including dwellings, barns, cat tle, grain, and hay, was destroyed. The fort fired alarm- guns, which were answered from Montreal and Chambly. The prisoners informed him, that while an invasion was expected the French had eight hundred men in the fort, but, learning that Winthrop had retired, and their scouts reporting no enemy approaching, they had been with drawn the day before. Schuyler, unable to persuade his Indians to join in an attack on the fort, ordered a retreat. With no enemy in sight, and safe from immediate pursuit, on reaching the woods he halted, and the men sat down to rest. While eating their lunch they were amused with the music of the great guns fired from the several forts. They reached their canoes without being molested, and arrived at Albany on August 30th. He saved the first expe dition again.st Canada from utter contempt. Leisler, in his report to the English Government, refers to Schuy- VoL. IL— 15 226 SCHUYLER IN CANADA. ler's exploits with some satisfaction, but suppresses his name. In the spring of 1691, Captain Schuyler and a party of Indians, with some whites, made another invasion into Canada. They were within a short distance of Montreal, when some Indian deserters gave notice of their approach, which enabled the farmers to take refuge in the forts. The French troops had been withdrawn to Quebec, and the country around Montreal was stripped of its defend ers. Outside of the walls of the fort the invaders found no opposition, and destroyed everything within their r^ach. These raiding parties continued their depredations until midsummer, inflicting an immense amount of damage and reducing Canada to a state of famine. Johannes Schuyler, having been appointed a lieutenant of a cavalry company, actively participated in the cam paign against the French, ¦wiho invaded the Mohawk coun try in January, 1693, and rendered, with his company, material assistance in driving them across the Hudson. By his marriage, in 1695, with a sister of Dr. Samuel Staats, a prominent member of the Leislerian party, he won the confidence of that faction, and lost, for a time, that of their opponents, with whom he had hitherto affili ated. Soon after his marriage he was elected an alder man, and by successive elections held the office several years. The Earl of Bellomont took him into favor, and employed him on several occasions for delicate and im portant business. When the Five Nations were agitated over the question of their countrymen still held as pris oners in Canada, notwithstanding the peace of 1697, Bellomont saw the necessity of making some demonstra tion in their favor. He ordered Major Wessels to attend their conference'at Onondaga, and despatched Schuyler with letters to Count de Frontenac. Schuyler was in- SCHUYLER IN CANADA. 22/ Structed to urge upon the count a surrender of the Indian prisoners, in accordance with the terms of the treaty ; and also to learn, if possible, the. intentions of the French as to their threatened invasion of the Indian country, as well as their strength and the state of their preparations. Im mediately on his arrival at Quebec he called and delivered his despatches to the governor, who on reading them " seemed much displeased," but said, " I am not afraid." A day or two afterward they had another interview, when Frontenac asked him about the strength of Bellomont's government. Schuyler's reply, that he could raise a hun dred thousand men, at first may seem grossly exaggerated. But as all New England, New Jersey, and New York were under Bellomont's control for military purposes, and as he had declared that he would arm every man, if need be, it seems less unreasonable. In all their subsequent discus sions, Schuyler maintained his positions with dignity and ability. The count treated him with politeness, and gave him a dinner, at which were present the chief officers and dignitaries of Canada. On his return Schuyler made his report to the governor and Council, on October 6th, and was warmly congratulated on his success. At the suggestion of Bellomont a gratuity was voted to him, " in consideration of his extraordinary diligence and his wise observations while in Canada." Frontenac, however, was not diverted from his previous views and measures as to his treatment of the Iroquois. He sent a courteous letter to Bellomont, but said that he was determined to pursue unflinchingly the course he had marked out for himself, and that all attempts to thwart him would prove useless. He was then seventy-eight years old, and did not live to carry out his policy. The shadow of deatii was then upon him, and three months afterward he died. 228 FALSE REPORTS. In the following winter, 1699, the eloquent Dekanissora and another sachem came to Albany on business of import ance. They informed the commissioners for Indian affairs that they had resolved to send a deputation to Canada to procure the release of their countrymen from their long imprisonment, despairing of anything effectual being done in this regard by the English. More than this, they had been informed by M. Maricour that Johannes Schuyler on his late visit in Canada had secured them faster than ever ; yea, he had "clinched them with silver nails," and had insulted their whole nation by comparing them to negro slaves. This report of what Schuyler had said and done in his official capacity created excitement. A special meeting of the commissioners was held, at Schuyler's re quest, which vvas attended by six French gentlemen then in Albany. Schuyler appeared before them, and most emphatically denied the words and acts attributed to him. He pronounced the story a most malicious falsehood. If Maricour was the author of it, he was neither a gentleman nor an honest man. The French gentlemen admitted that the story was false, and said that M. Maricour was not its author, but that it was rather the invention of the Indians. There were some French Indians at the meeting, who ex pressed the opinion that the scandal had been put into circulation by the Iroquois themselves for their own sin ister purposes. Confronted by such testimony, Dekanis sora said that he was satisfied that the story was false, and that Schuyler should be exonerated from all blame. Bellomont's visit to New England made him acquainted with the Indian question as affecting that portion of his master's dominions. The powerful Indian nations occu pying Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island had been annihilated, or brought into subjection, but the Abe nakis, or eastern Indians, under the influence of the THE SCHAGHTICOKES. 229 French, still kept up a desolating war on the settlements of Maine and New Hampshire. Bellomont conceived the project of detaching them from French influence, and thus giving peace to the borders. In a letter to the Lords of Trade, September 30, 1698, he says : " I have in view to make a peace with the Eastern Ind ians, who during all the late war, have been such a scourge to the New England colonies, and that by means of one Schuyler, a Dutchman, a man very popular with the Schaghticoke Indians, who were driven out of New England some years since, and being related to the East ern Indians, are held in much esteem by them. This Schuyler will soon visit the East, and take with him some Schaghticoke sachems, by whose means he is confident he can prevail on those Eastern hostiles to make a perpetual peace. And further he hopes to induce them to come and make a settlement in this province among their kindred." The Schaghticokes were the remnant of a New England tribe who, in the war of 1675, made their way west, and procured a small territory from their kindred, the Mohe- gans, or River Indians, situate on the east side of the Hudson above Albany. They were never numerous ; so few, indeed, that they had more land than they needed, and had sold portions of it to the city of Albany, to Hendrick Van Rensselaer, and others. They professed to be sub ject to the English, and had often met them in council, professedly to " brighten the covenant-chain," but really to receive the presents distributed on such occasions. They were never considered efficient or trustworthy allies. From time to time some of them would emigrate to Can ada, until in 1754 the few remaining were carried off by a war-party of their friends. Had Bellomont succeeded in removing any considerable number of the Abenakis to Schaghticoke, it is doubtful whether they would have 230 THE EASTERN INDIANS. proved a -source of strength — more likely of weakness. They were thoroughly under French influence, many of them being proselytes of the Jesuits having a settlement in Canada. It is more than probable that they would have proved a scourge rather than a blessing. It is not known whether Schuyler visited the eastern Indians, as he proposed, but it is fair to infer that nego tiations had been opened with them, and some influence had been used to induce them to consider the subject ; for in August, 1700, ten or twelve of their sachems, one of whom spoke good English, were in Albany at a con ference with the Five Nations, whence they proceeded to the Mohawk country and made their submission, wishing to be received as allies, and pledging themselves to aban don the French and be at peace with the English. Bello mont assumed much credit to himself for this apparent success in his plans. He wrote to the Board of Trade : " This submission proceeds from my management. It is a lucky thing ; and the people of New England have reason to bless God that they are forever hereafter secure from Savages who have been a cruel thorn in their sides." How mistaken in liis forecast of the future ! for a little later they renewed the barbarous war, which lasted, with short intervals of peace, more than forty years. In October following news was brought to Albany that the French, notwithstanding the peace, had treacherously' attacked a hunting party of the Five Nations, and killed or captured the whole number. Johannes Schuyler was despatched to New York to report the news of the out rage to the governor. On this visit the Abenaki business was again discussed, and some definite plan of operation was agreed on. The governor wrote to him on November 7, 1700 : SCHUYLER'S NEGOTIATIONS. 23 X " I promised you when we parted, I would send you my instructions, as to what you were to do in relation to our Indians, and as to the Eastern Indians, and also as to the French Bushlopers. But I consider a letter from me is to the full as good as any instructions I can send you." In January, 1701, Bellomont again wrote to the Lords of Trade : " I design to invite the Eastern Indians to settle at Schaghticoke, and make a perpetual league between them and our Five Nations. For this purpose I make use of Colonel Schuyler's brother," The governor now proposed to employ him as his confi dential agent, in his negotiations with the eastern Indians and in other affairs, but did not wish his correspondence to go on the records of the Council, that publicity might be avoided. His letter, before referred to, continues : "Try by all means by your messengers chosen from the Schaghticoke Indians to bring the Eastern Indians, and settle them at Schaghticoke. Try to have some of their sachems visit me in New York and meet some of the Five Nations. Ail your expenses shall be repaid with thanks. Should you succeed, I shall not consider the best service I can do you misbestowed. I desire you will encourage the Frenchmen who come to us from Canada. It will be a great service to the King and country. Assure the Eastern Indians, I will give them good presents, when they come to see me." Schuyler replied on January 7th : " Since the receipt of your Lordship's letter, I have been trying to procure the Indian messengers, but could not till now, as they were off hunting. On the 17. December last, I learned some had returned home, when I visited them, and arranged for a meeting at my house in Albany. They 232 SCHUYLER'S NEGOTIATIONS. met me according to appointment. When I made known to them your Lordship's wishes, they were delighted that your Excellency took so much interest in them. With your patronage they expect to become a great nation. Instead of three, they propose to send four messengers, but desire a few days time in order to select the proper men." A month later he wrote : " The messengers were selected according to promise, and being supplied with every thing requisite for the jour ney, they left on the 12. January last, bearing your belt and message to the Eastern Indians. The deep snow pre vented my journey to Canada, as I had intended. That business waits for a more favorable opportunity." Bellomont replied on February 29th. " I am mightily satisfied with your proceedings in the Eastern question. If you succeed, you will do the King a valuable service, for which I will take care that you are suitably rewarded. Take good care of Louis Goselyn, the Frenchman, and pay him twenty pieces of f , all in one sum on my account." Schuyler answered on March 14th : " Nothing has been heard from the Indian messengers since they left. I trust on their return, they will bring satisfactory information. As for Louis Goselyn, I find him to be a civil young man. He intends to visit your Excellency soon, and for that reason have given him no money, only some clothing." Nine days before this letter was written Bellomont had died. The intercourse between Albany and New York in the ¦winter season was infrequent and uncertain, Indian couriers being chiefly employed as mail-carriers. The death of the governor interrupted, if it did not terminate, the negotiations with the eastern Indians. When Schuy- HUTCHINSON'S OPINION. 233 ler received the intelligence of Bellomont's death, he ad dressed a letter to the Council, with whicli he enclosed the correspondence and other papers relating to that busi ness. After due consideration, the Council directed him to proceed in accordance with the instructions which he had received. The Indian messengers returned after a prolonged ab sence, and reported to Schuyler : That at the end of sixty- three days from the time they left Albany they reached the first castle of the eastern Indians, and found only one sachem at home, the others being absent hunting ; that they delivered their message with the belt to him, and it was kindly received, but he could give no definite answer until the absent sachems returned from the woods ; that he engaged to forward the belt and message to the other villages of his nation, and assured the delegates they might expect an answer by the next new moon. What that answer was, if ever sent, is not known. Domestic affairs occupied the attention of the acting governor, Nanfan, to the exclusion of other business, and negotiations with the eastern Indians were suffered to sleep and be forgotten. They had been undertaken to secure quiet and safety to the border settlements of New England, and although they were apparently fruitless, Schuyler did not lose his interest in behalf of the people he had sought to protect. Hutchinson, the historian of Massachusetts, while accus ing the Albanians of trading on the sufferings inflicted by the French and Indian scalping parties, also said : " Some of the best people of Albany detested the infa mous traffic, particularly Col. John Schuyler, who, by means of Indians in the English interests, informed himself of the intended expeditions, and gave frequent notice to our people on the frontiers. But many inroads he had it not in his power to discover." 234 EFFORTS TO PROTECT NEW ENGLAND. He gave timely notice of the intended attack on Deer- field by a party of 300 French and Indians ; but the peo ple neglected their watch, and were destroyed to the number of 47 killed and 147 taken prisoners. Two years later he warned the people of New England that 270 men had left Canada for some unknown destination. They ap peared at Dunstable, on the Merrimack, where they burned a fort in which were twenty soldiers ; and at Reading, only eighteen miles from Boston, where they surprised a woman and eight children, killing the woman and three children and carrying off the others. These efforts to shield the settlers of New England from the tomahawk and scalping-knife were not limited to a few years, but vsrere continued until age and infirmities compelled him to desist. In 1724 the governor of Massachusetts proposed to hold a conference at Albany with the sachems of the Mohawk proselytes residing in Canada, deputies of the Five Nations being present and assisting, for the purpose of conciliating them and cementing a friendship with the English. This conference could be held only b}' the con sent of the governor of New York, which was readily given by Governor Burnet. Massachusetts appointed as com missioners to manage the negotiations John Stoddard, of Boston, member of the Council, and Colonel John Schuy ler, of Albany. His services must have been appreciated, and his ability recognized, to have obtained for him this honorable and responsible position. The negotiations were managed by the deputies of Mas sachusetts assisted by the commissioners of New York, and were in some respects successful. The Canada Ind ians promised " not to make war on Boston any longer," and the Five Nations undertook to restrain the eastern Indians from further hostilities. It was a time of peace between the English and French crowns, but the Cana- NEW ENGLAND COMMISSIONERS. 23 S dians, regardless alike of the peace and of humanity, stimu lated the Abenakis to war, and furnished them with sup plies and volunteers. Jealous lest the English should ap proach too near their frontiers, they hoped by means of these savages to expel them from the country east of the Kennebeck River. In this they had the approval of their king and government. In the following September Commissioner Stoddard again came to Albany, to receive the report of the sachems of the Five Nations who had been on a mission to a sec tion of the Abenakis domiciled in Canada. They reported that they had had an interview with the Abenaki sachems at Montreal in presence of Vaudreuil, the governor, and that they flatly refused to cease their war on New Eng land, until the English abandoned all claim to their lands and restored to liberty their countrymen, who they al leged were unjustly detained as prisoners ; nor would they come to treat with them, either at Boston or Albany, but if they wanted peace they must come to Montreal, and treat in presence of " Father Onontio " (the French governor). These forest warriors, under the eyes of On ontio, assumed a lofty carriage, but, like all the native races, after years of bloodshed they were at last obliged to submit. After the sachems had delivered their report. Governor Burnet and Mr. Stoddard urged the Five Nations to make war on these haughty and unrelenting Indians, and oblige them to accept terms of peace. But no argument, no per suasions could induce them to take up the hatchet. They said that England and France were at peace ; that there was now an open path from Canada to Albany on the one hand, and to the Five Nations on the other. Should they strike the Abenakis, they would be embroiled in war with the Canadians. They did not,want war with the French, 236 NEGOTIATIONS WITH CANADA. for, said they, "We know what whipping and scourging is from the governor of Canada. We have tried three times to have them make peace with you, and have failed. We would have you try it now yourselves, and see what you can do." Massachusetts acted on their advice, and did " try it.'' The next spring, in March, 1725, Mr. Dudley, son of the governor, and two other deputies from Massachusetts, arrived in Montreal. On their journey they had been joined at Albany by Colonel John Schuyler, whose pres ence in Canada with the deputies was considered of great importance. Many of the Schaghticoke Indians had emi grated to Canada, and were living in the Abenaki villages on the St. Lawrence. They still retained a great affection for their old friend and patron. It was supposed that through them he might exert a good influence over their hostile relatives. The deputies, in their interviews with Vaudreuil, demanded that he should deliver up the pris oners taken by the Indians from New England ; and that he should render no further assistance to those savages, but compel them to stop the war. Vaudreuil hypocritically replied that the war was not his ; nor did he hold the prisoners, except such as had been purchased from their captors by the French ; that they themselves must treat with the Abenakis. For this purpose he sent for their sachems, that the negotiations might be conducted in his presence. The sachems were proud and defiant as usual, and would not listen to any terms, except those proposed by themselves. Schuyler had visited them privately the night before, but had been unable to impress them favorably toward a peace. They were too near the person of Onontio to be open to argu ment or conviction. In 1709, when a second expedition for the invasion of SCHUYLER S POLITICAL CAREER. 237 Canada was being arranged, Schuyler was sent to Onon daga to enlist the Five Nations in the project. He found there some Frenchmen, who became nervous about their own safety and fled in various directions. A Jesuit priest put himself under his protection, and with his servant ac companied him to Albany. His mission was successful, and the Indians participated in the operations of the cam paign, such as it was. Subsequently Schuyler had com mand of some forces which were sent down on the east side of Lake Champlain to observe the enemy, and intercept a war-party supposed to be on its march toward the Con necticut River. His command did not come into contact with the French, but did efficient service in deterring them from a march on the headquarters of the E^nglish at Fort Ann, where they might have inflicted serious damage by superior numbers. Toward the close of operations. Lieu tenant Barent Staats, a nephew of Schuyler's wife, was taken prisoner by an Indian scout and carried to Mon treal. The Jesuit and his servant being yet in Albany, Schuyler proposed to go to Canada and exchange them for Staats. The arrangement was consummated, and Staats after a short captivity returned to his friends. Johannes Schuyler, whatever may have been his politics, was held in much estimation by his fello^w-citizens. He was elected to the Common Council for several successive years, and was mayor of the city from 1703 to 1706. He was elected to the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Assemblies, serving from September i, 1710, to March 3, 1713. While mayor and alderman he was ex-officio member of the Board for Indian Affairs, and at other times held the posi tion by appointment, serving in such capacity altogether eighteen years. The land transactions of Johannes Schuyler were con siderable, but not as extensive as those of his brother 238 HIS LAND TRANSACTIONS. Peter, and were small compared to those of his brothers- in-law, Stephanus Van Cortlandt and Robert Livingston. He purchased about two thousand acres on the south side of the Mohawk River east of Schenectady, which was named Rosendale. He was one of the company which procured a patent for land in the Schoharie Valley, named Huntersfield for the governor, Robert Hunter. He also owned the half of a tract of land of two thousand acres on the east side of the Hudson River, " on both sides of a brook called Tomlinack," and was interested more or less in some minor tracts. His most important purchase was made in 1702 of Abraham Wendel, to whom it had been devised by his father — a seventh share in the historical Saratoga Patent. The outlet of Saratoga Lake, the northern boundary of this purchase, afforded a fine water-power, which Schuy ler improved by the erection of mills. The hills near by were covered with forests of pine, and the rich soil of the intervals along the river was well adapted to agricultural purposes. Lying remote from the settlements in the vi cinity of Albany, the mill operatives and their families re quired supplies at a price only to be afforded by produc tion in their neighborhood. Hence, with the artisan came the farmer, and a little village soon sprang up on the bluff near the Hudson and south of Fish Creek, or outlet of Saratoga Lake. It was protected against the attacks of enemies by a small fort built of earth and wood, but large and strong enough for the safety of the inhabitants when threatened by an enemy armed with bows and arrows or shot-guns. The settlement had been begun and the fort built before Schuyler became the owner of the land ; he only pushed the work more vigorously and successfully. On the bluff a short distance south of Fish Creek he erected a strong brick house, with loop-holes, to supple- HIS DEATH. 239 ment the fort for the protection of his superintendents and laborers. When age unfitted him for active employ ments, he gave the improved property to his sons, except ing the grist-mill, which he reserved to himself. Here Philip, his eldest son, took up his residence, and person ally superintended the farm and mills ; he remained at his post in the fall of 1745 after many of his neighbors had retired to Albany for the winter. Here he was killed, while bravely defending his little garrison from the as saults of the French, and his body consumed in the fire of his own dwelling. His fate and the manner of his death were unknown to his friends, until the discovery of the French officer's journal, before quoted, revealed them.' Johannes Schuyler had four children, two sons and two daughters. He buried his wife in the church at Albany, June, 1737. Four years later his youngest son, John, Jr., was buried at the Flatts, where his grave, covered with a sandstone slab, is yet seen. It once contained a metal tablet, which has disappeared long since, leaving to stran gers no evidence as to whose remains are buried beneath. His eldest son, Philip, as we have seen, was killed at Saratoga, Noverhber, 1745. His eldest daughter, Marga rita, married her cousin Philip, eldest son of Colonel Peter Schuyler. She is known as the "American Lady." She lived until the close of the American Revolution, and was buried beside her husband, but no stone marks her grave. His youngest daughter, Catalyntje, married Cor nells Cuyler, a prominent citizen of Albany. Johannes Schuyler survived all his brothers and his own sons. He died in 1747, and was buried in the church on March 2d. His will was dated February 25, 1742, in which he gave to his son Philip the grist-mill at Saratoga for his ' See pages H4-Iig. 240 HIS WILL. right of primogeniture, reserving to the children of his son Jolin the right to grind, for their own use only, " toll free." He also gave to Philip the farm at Saratoga, then in his possession, one-half of the saw-mill, and all the " ne groes and wenches on the farm, except my negro boy Mink." He also to gave to Philip the dwelling-house in Albany he then occupied, and half of his undivided seventh part of the lands in the Saratoga Patent, out of which legacies he must pay to his two sisters ^^50 each. He had given to his son John one hundred and sixty acres of the Saratoga Patent, to which he adds ten acres of wood land. To his daughter Margarita, wife of Colonel Philip Schuyler, he gave a picture of himself and wife in one frame ; and to his daughter Catalyntje, wife of Cornells Cuyler, a large linen-press, for " keepsakes." The remain der of his household effects he directed to be divided into five parts, one each for his four children and one for his stepdaughter, Sara Wendel, wife of Jacob Glen. To his daughters he gave each ;^475 in cash. The remainder of his estate was to be equally divided between his four chil dren. His son Philip having died at the hands of the French, without children, his gifts to him reverted to his estate. He must have become satisfied of his fate, for three months after his death, February 25, 1746, he added a codicil to the will, giving his daughter Margarita a life interest in his dwelling-house, and after her death to his daughter Catalyntje in fee. He makes no other changes, and his seventh of the Saratoga Patent remained intact, except the small farms he had given to Philip and John, Jr. The estate of Johannes Schuyler was large for the times. He had been a prosperous merchant, and besides his real estate had accumulated much personal property. He owned a seventh of the Saratoga Patent, estimated to JOHANNES SCHUYLER. 241 contain about 18,000 acres, as Mr. Bullard says, " of the fairest land on the continent," less the farms he had given to his sons ; a tract of land of nearly two thousand acres on the Mohawk River below Schenectady, less a small farm that he had sold ; twenty-five hundred acres in the Schoharie Valley ; two thousand acres in the Mohawk Valley, not far from Amsterdam ; and one thousand acres on the east side of the Hudson, not far from the Van Rensselaer manor, besides his dwelling and other real es tate in the city. His residence was on the south side of State Street, opposite North Pearl Street, Albany ; and adjoining to the east was the residence of his son Johr(. When South Pearl Street was opened his own house was removed, but the other is still standing, situate on the southeast corner of State and South Pearl Streets. It is one of the few old structures left in the city ; the most have fallen before the march of improvements. It is a fact worth noting, that the house where General Philip Schuyler was born and lived in his youth, and the house where he spent his married life and in which he died, are still well preserved ; the former occupied for business purposes, the latter as a dwelling. Vol. II.— 16. GENEALOGICAL TABLE. Descendants of Johannes Schuyler. 10. JOHANNES SCHUYLER and Elizabeth Staats. 35S. Philip, bp. December 25, i6g5, d. s. p. November 17, 1745, O. S. 35g. Johannes, bp. October 31, i6g7. m. Cornelia Van Cortlandt. 360. Margarita, bp. January 12, 1701. m. Philip Schuyler (17). 361. Catalyntje, bp. March 5, 1704. m. Cornelius Cuyler. 35g. JOHANNES SCHUYLER and Cornelia Van Cortlandt. 362. Gertrude, b. August 18, 1724. m. I, Peter Schuyler (20). m. 2, December 4, 1760, Dr. John Cochran. 363. Johannes, b. December 30, 1725, d. s. p. November, 1746. 364. Stephanus, b. September 30, 1727, d. y. 365. CATHERINE, bp. July 14, 1728, d. y. 366. Stephanus, b. December 20, I72g, d. y. 367. Philip, bp. October 17, 1731, d. y. 368. Philip, bp. November 11, 1733. m. Catherine Van Rensselaer, 369. Cortlandt, bp. July g, 1735. m. Barbara . 370. Stephanus, bp. August 14, 1737. in. Lena Ten Eyck. 371. Elizabeth, bp. October 8, 1738, d. y. 372. Oliver, bp. February 22, 1741, d. y. 368. PHILIP SCHUYLER and Catherine Van Rensselaer. 373. Angelica, bp. February 22, 1756. m. John Barker Church. 374. Elizabeth, b. August 7, 1757. m. Alexander Hamilton. 375. Margarita, bp. September 24, 1758. 111. Stephen Van Rensselaer, DESCENDANTS OF JOHANNES SCHUYLER. 243 376. Cornelia, bp. August i, 1761, d. y. 377. John Bradstreet, bp. October 8, 1763, d. y. 378. John Bradstreet, bp. at home, July 23, 1765. m. Elizabeth Van Rensselaer. 37g. Philip Jeremiah, b. January 20, 1768. m. I, Sarah Rutsen. m. 2,,, Mary A. Sawyer, of Newburyport, Mass. 380. Rensselaer, b. Januai-y 2g, 1773. m. Eliza Ten Broeck. 381. Cornelia, b. December 22, 1776. m. Washington Morton. 382. Cortlandt, b. May 15, 1778, d. y. 383. Catherine "Van Rensselaer, b. February 20, 1781. m. I, Samuel Malcolm. m. 2, James Cochran. 36g. CORTLANDT SCHUYLER and Barbara . 384. John Cortlandt, d. s. p. last of December, I7g3. m. Angelica Van Rensselaer. Other children who returned to Ireland with their mother. 370. STEPHANUS SCHUYLER and Lerw. Ten Eyck. 385. Johannes, b. January 5, 1764. m. Catharine Cuyler, d. 1853, atWhitesboro', N. Y., aged 81. 386. Tobias, b. November 27, 1766, d. y. 387. Philip, b. January 24, 1768, d. y. 388. Tobias, b. May 20, 1770, d. s. p. July 2, 1804. 38g. Henry Ten Eyck, b. December 30, 1772. m. Sarah Visscher. 390. Philip Van Cortlandt, b. July 30, 1775. m. Cynthia Carpenter. 3gi. Cornelia, b. November 30, 1777, d. y. 3g2. Barent, b. April 12, 1780, d. s. jj. February 11, 1833. 393. Stephen Van Rensselaer, b. October 3, 1784. 3g4. Cortlandt, d. s. p. July 31, 1858. He was buried from his residence in Tivoli Hollow. 378. JOHN BRADSTREET SCHUYLER and Elizabeth Van Rensselaer. 395. Philip, b. October 26, 1788. m. Grace Hunter. 396. Stephen Van Rensselaer, b. May 4, 1790, d. y. 379. PHILIP JEREMIAH SQHUYLER and Sara Rutsen. 397. Philip P., m. Rosanna Livingston. \^ 398. Catherine, m. Samuel Jones. 244 DESCENDANTS OF JOHANNES SCHUYLER. 39g. John R., d. y. 400. Robert, m. Lucinda Wood. 401. Stephen V. R., m. Catherine Morris. 37g. PHILIP JEREMIAH SCHUYLER and Anne Sawyer. 402. William, d. aged 22 years, unmarried. 403. Sybill, d. y. 404. George L., b. June g, 181 r. m. I, Eliza Hamilton. m. 2, Mary Morris Hamilton. 385. JOHN S. SCHUYLER and Catharine Cuyler. 405. Stephen, d. y. 406. Stephen, d. a. p. at Schenectady, N. Y. 407. Abraham, d. s. p. at Whitesboro', N. Y. 408. Cuyler Nicholas, d. s. p. at Whitesboro', N. Y. 4og. Helen. 410. Barent, m. Mercy Kurney. 411. Margaret, m. William Palmer. 412. John, m. Elizabeth Edick. 413. Henry, d. s. p. at New Hartford, N. Y. 414. Cornelia Van Rensselaer ; resides at Whitestown, N. Y. 389. HENRY TEN EYCK SCHUYLER and Sarah Visscher. 415. Cornelia, d. y. 416. Agnes, d. y. 417. Sarah, d. y. 418. John, d. January i, 1816, aged 12 years. 419. Stephen ; resides near Montreal in Canada. 420. Helen, d. y. 390. PHILIP VAN CORTLANDT SCHUYLER and Cynthia Carpenter. 421. John C, m. . 422. Helen, m. Ransom Stone, Oneida, N. Y. 423. Ann, ni. Smith ; resides in Wisconsin. 424. Stephen V. R. ; resides in Oneida, N. Y. 425. Philip Cortlandt ; resides in Rice County, Minn. 426. Abigail, m. Ira Hitchcock. 393. STEPHEN V. R. SCHUYLER and . 427. Cortlandt, d. ». p. 428. Helen, d. y. 429. Adela. 395. PHILIP SCHUYLFTR and Grace Hunter. 430. Ruth, m. T. W. Ogden. 431. Elizabeth, m. R. H. Ogden. 432. Grace, 433. Catherine, m. Rev. John Bolton. DESCENDANTS OF JOHANNES SCHUYLER. 245 434. Harriet. 435. Letitia, m. C. H. de Luze, 436. Fanny. 437. John. 438. Mary. 400. ROBERT SCHUYLER and Lucinda Wood. 439- Julia W., m. Rev. IV. O. Lamson. 440. Robert, m. . 441. Louisa F., m. Mars. 442. Katharine, m. Grosvenor, 443. George W., m. Magdalitia Coster. 444. William S. ; killed in the civil war, at Cold Spring, Va. 401. STEPHEN V. R. SCHUYLER and Catherine Morris. 445. Stephen, d. y. 446. Sarah R., d. y. 447. Georgiana, d. y. 404. GEORGE L. SCHUYLER and Eliza Hamilton. 448. Philip, m. Harriet Lowndes, wid. of Eugene Langdon, 449. Louisa Lee. 450. Georgina. 410. BARENT SCHUYLER and Mercy Kurney. 451. Joseph, m. and resides at Hamilton, N. Y. 452. Nancy ; resides in Utica, N. Y. 412. JOHN SCHUYLER and Elizabeth Edick. 453. Robert ; killed in the civil war, at the battle of the Wilderness. 454. John ; resides in Geauga County, Ohio. 455. Henry ; resides in Geauga County, Ohio. 421. JOHN C. SCHUYLER and ; removed to Wisconsin. 456. Philip ; resides in Rice County, Minn. 457. John, m. . 457. JOHN SCHUYLER and ; resides in Rice County, Minn. 458. Philip. 459. Adela. NOTES ON JOHANNES SCHUYLER'S DESCEND ANTS. Johannes Schuyler's wife, Elizabeth Staats, was the daughter of Doctor Abraham Staats, who came to Bever wyck, in 1642, with Dominie Megapolensis, sent out by Killian Van Rensselaer to his colony. Besides practising at his profession. Dr. Staats engaged in the Indian trade, and shipped large quantities of furs to Holland. He took up a tract of land on the east side of the Fludson River, lying along the Kinderhook Creek, which was long known as Captain Abrahamse's (Staats) Kill. He also engaged in the transportation business, commanding his own sloop plying between Beverwyck and Manhattan, and in this way was better known as captain than as doctor. He had four sons and one daughter. Two of his sons were physi cians, one of whom was the well-known Doctor Samuel Staats, of New York. Elizabeth Staats, when Schuyler married her, was the widow of Captain Johannes Wendell and the mother of eleven children. Her youngest son, Jacob, by her first husband, removed to Boston, and sur prised the Yankees that a Dutchman could become a lead ing merchant and politician in that town. John Schuyler, Jr. (359), died too early in life for the full development of his abilities, just as he had begun a career which gave promise of great usefulness, wealth, and high social and political position. He succeeded his JOHN SCHUYLER, JR. 247 father, with whom he had been in partnership, in the mer cantile business about 1733, and the same year was ap pointed, with J. De Peyster, a commissioner to furnish supplies to the forts at Oswego, -which position he held several successive years. He was elected an alderman of the first ward in September, 1738, and again in 1739. He took a seat at the Board for Indian Affairs in December of the latter year. President Clarke appointed him mayor of Albany, and he "took the oaths appointed bylaw " on October 31, 1740. He died a year later, and was buried at the Flatts on November 6, 1741. Schuyler began to make investments in lands as soon as he acquired surplus capital. In December, 1722, he bought of Philip Livingston, trustee, a portion of the Sara toga Patent, lying on the east' side of the Hudson and bounded north by the Batten Kill. On August 10, 1738, the land commissioners issued to him, Jacob Glen, and Arent Bratt a certificate of survey of a tract of land which they had purchased by license of the Indians, situated on the north side of the Mohawk River, beginning below the Little Falls, extending west to Canada Creek, and thence north along the creek thirty miles, thence east twelve miles, and thence south to the place of beginning. It was a large tract, too large for three men, for it exceeded the limits prescribed by law. When the patent was issued, a year later, two thousand acres were granted to each of the parties. In 1740 Schuyler and five others procured a title from the province for twelve thousand acres, lying on the east side of the Hudson above the Saratoga Patent, of which he had an equal share. If John Schuyler, Jr., left a will, I have been unable to find it. Although he died before his father, and could not, therefore, add his paternal patrimony to his own property, he left a very respectable estate to his own family. 248 MARGARITA SCHUYLER. Cornelia Van Cortlandt, the wife of John Schuyler, Jr., was the youngest daughter of Stephanus Van Cortlandt and Gertrude Schuyler (3). By the terms of her father's will, she shared equally with her ten brothers and sisters in his large estate. One of the brothers dying unmarried, he devised by will his share to the other ten heirs. Van Cortlandt was one of the richest men in the province ; besides his manor, which was found by accurate survey to contain over 86,000 acres, he possessed lands on the Wap pinger Creek, lands in New Jersey, lands and houses in New York City, and much personal property. Cornelia Schuyler, after her husband's death, procured a patent, on July 16, 1742, for thirteen hundred acres of land on the east side of the Hudson, near Fort Miller. Thus it will be seen that in her own right she possessed a considerable estate. She made her will on November 29, 1758, to which she added a codicil on August 26, 1760, giving to her son Philip ;^30 in satisfaction of his birthright as eldest son ; to her sons Philip and Stephen, a farm on the east side of the Hudson, next to Philip Verplanck's, to be equally di vided between them ; to her daughter Gertrude, widow of Peter Schuyler, two houses and lots on Queen (Pearl) Street, New York, to which she added in the codicil ;^7oo for her use during life, and therewith ^1,000 additional to be divided between her two children, Peter and Cornelia ; and to her son Cortlandt, then an officer in the army, sta tioned at Cork, Ireland, ^1,800, which she considered equivalent to each of the farms devised to the other sons. The residue of the estate was to be divided equally be tween the four children. The will was proved on Novem ber 24, 1762. Margarita Schuyler (360), like her grandmother, Margarita Van Slichtenhorst, for whom she was named, was a very remarkable^ woman. She had no children, THE AMERICAN LADY. 249 and her well-trained servants relieved her from the cares of the household. She was fond of reading, and had leisure to indulge her taste •,_ as there were few novels and no popular magazines, her studies were confined to history, religion, and politics, in which she made great proficiency. She had numerous relatives residing in New York, and, as her husband was a member of the Assembly for several years, she frequently accompanied him to the capital, where she enjoyed the best society of the province. At home she en tertained often and liberally. The best citizens of Albany, and English officers stationed on the frontier, considered it a privilege to attend her receptions. Many of the offi cers sought her society for the knowledge she could impart on the situation of the country past and present, and be cause of her general information. She was on intimate terms with Lord Howe, who fell at Lake George in Aber- cromby's campaign, and with other officers of a like char acter, who were often at her table. In her early years she possessed a graceful form and figure, but after middle life she became large — unusually so ; her conversation, however, lost none of its charm and vivacity. When, in the summer of 1763, Colonel Bradstreet announced to her that her house was on fire, she did not lose her self-possession, but ordered her servants to remove her in her chair to the lawn, where she sat with perfect composure while direct ing the removal of the furniture. Having no children of her own, she took an unusual interest in those of her relatives. Her husband's brothers,. Peter and Jeremiah, lived not far from her residence at the Flatts, and their children she regarded as her own, as she did those of her brother and sister. The future gen eral was one of her favorite nephews, and her frequent guest. Her interest in the young people was unfailing, assuming the tenderness of a mother ; but when she came 2SO CATALYNTJE SCHUYLER. to make her will she showed that there was a difference in her love for the one and the other. She directed her estate to be divided into ten parts, one each for the four children of her brother and the six children of her sister, Mrs. Cuyler. Not one of her husband's nephews or nieces received anything by which to bear her in remembrance. She had associated so much with English officers, civil and military, that when the revolutionary agitations be gan her sympathies were found to be with the crown, but she was not a Tory in the broad sense of' the word. She took middle ground, and hoped that a way might be found for reconciliation. She loved her country and her rela tives, and did not wish to see them involved in civil war. She lived long enough, however, to know that the Ameri can cause had been successful, and that the war was virtu ally at an end. She died, on August 22, 1782, in the eighty-second year of her age, and was buried in the private cemetery at the Flatts between the graves of her long-loved husband and her brother John. No stone or other memorial marks her resting-place. But Mrs. Grant, of Laggan, a Scotch lady, has erected a monument to her memory more enduring than brass or marble, in "The Memoirs of an American Lady." ' Catalyntje Schuyler (361) married Cornelius Cuyler. The Cuyler family was of German origin. Hendrick Cuyler, a tailor, came to Albany about 1664. His son Johannes was a merchant, and a man of much prominence in business and political circles ; he was an alderman, com missioner of Indian affairs, and mayor of the city. His wife was a daughter of Dirck Wesselse Ten Broeck. His ' When this book is reprinted its errors of genealogy should be corrected in foot-notes. It could be done quite easily. SIR CORNELIUS CUYLER. 251- son Cornelius was also a merchant, and for man)^ years held a leading position in the city of his birth. He was mayor for four years by successive appointments, and a member of the Board of Indian Affairs for fourteen years. His children intermarried with the Van Cortlandts and other highly respectable families. One son of Cornelius Cuyler and Catalyntje Schuyler, also Cornelius, born at Albany in 1741, became a general officer in the British army, colonel of the Sixty-ninth Foot, and governor of Kinsale. He distinguished himself by the capture of Tobago, and on October 29, 1814, was created a baronet. His eldest son, Charles, the second baronet, was also in the Sixty-ninth Foot and a major-gen eral. He was succeeded by his eldest son, Charles Henry Johnes, who had served in important colonial offices in Trinidad and Honduras. Another son is a clergyman ; and another, George Augustus, a colonel of the Bengal Staff Corps. Gertrude Schuyler (362) married, first, Peter (20) the eldest son of Peter Schuyler, Jr., [Pedrom] (18), and sub sequently Dr. John Cochran. The remote ancestors of Dr. John Cochran were Scotch. The branch from which he derived descent removed to the north of Ireland in 1570. His father, James, and two brothers emigrated, and settled in Chester, Pa. He stud ied medicine at Lancaster, and, after being admitted to practice, volunteered as surgeon's mate in the northern army in the last French and Indian war, and accompanied Colonel Bradstreet on his march against Fort Frontenac in 1758. In this expedition he became acquainted with Philip Schuyler (368), and on his return to Albany with his sister Gertrude (362), then a young widow. After his marriage, on December 4, 1760, he removed to New Brunswick, N. J., and engaged in the practice of his pro- 252 DR. JOHN COCHRAN. fession. In the winter of 1776 he offered his services to Congress in the hospital department. In April, 1777, on the recommendation of General Washington, he was appointed surgeon-general, and assigned to duty in the northern department. In June, 1781, he was promoted to the position of director-general of the hospitals of the United Colonies. After the war he resided at Albany, and some years before his death removed to Palatine, N. Y, where, in April, 1807, he died. He was buried at Albany, but in 1875 his remains, with those of his wife, were re moved to the Forest Hill Cemetery, Utica. GENERAL PHILIP SCHUYLER. Philip Schuyler (368) married Catherine, daughter of John Van Rensselaer, of Claverack, who was a son of Hen drick, himself a grandson of Killian, the first patroon of Rensselaerwyck. Philip Schuyler's family group is one which will at tract the attention of every intelligent reader. It in cludes one of the first four major-generals appointed by the Congress of the confederated colonies when the War of Independence began ; a member of the British Parliament ; the first Secretary of the Treasury of the United States ; the first major-general commanding the Union armies on the northern frontiers in the War of 181 2, who was also the last patroon of Rensselaerwyck ; one of the first men who received the name of Washington at the baptismal font ; a son of a Revolutionary general ; the son of one of the first surgeon-generals appointed by Congress ; and a mem ber of the Fifteenth Congress. Philip Schuyler's biography has been written by a promi nent historian, and has been often sketched in essays and public addresses. His eminent services to his country are well known ; his fame is established, and becomes brighter as years roll by. It is not my purpose, therefore, to give an extended account of his life, which would be superflu ous. I shall only indicate some points which will serve to clear up several matters of doubt, and perhaps be of ser vice to future writers. From my earliest recollections, I have heard him referred to, by one who knew him well, as 254 GENERAL SCHUYLER. a man of wonderful executive ability, of broad philan thropy, of ardent patriotism, and of great confidence in the future greatness of his country. Since the time when I have been able to form an estimate of my own in the light of history, my early impressions have been confirmed and strengthened. The genealogical table will clear away the confusion which has existed as to his family. He was neither a son nor a brother of the celebrated Colonel Peter Schuyler, the Quidor of the Indians, as some writers have stated, but his nephew in the second degree. Hereafter, writers like Chancellor Kent and Mr. Lossing need have no doubt as to his American parentage. As to his fortune, and how it was acquired, there seems to be still less knowledge, although in certain quarters there is some importance attached to the question. Mr. Lossing, in his " Life of General Philip Schuyler," says that " he inherited his fine estate at Saratoga " from his uncle Philip, killed by the French in 1745.' Judge Jones, in his " History of New York during the ' In this connection he makes other mistakes, which it may be well to cor rect. Referring to the destruction of Saratoga and the death of General Schuyler's uncle, 1745, he says that "his brother. Colonel Peter Schuyler, who had been Indian commissioner for many years, importuned Governor Clinton for three hundred men to defend the frontier, and also to have the fort rebuilt and garrisoned." Colonel Peter Schuyler, long an Indian commissioner, had been dead more than twenty years, and was not his brother, as seen by the table. Colonel Peter Schuyler, of New Jersey, had occupied the old tort with his Jersey Blues, and had abandoned it as un tenable. He was not an Indian commissioner, nor a brother of Philip Schuyler. Perhaps he meant Colonel Philip Schuyler of the Flatts. But he was not a brother, only a cousin. In a toot-note, Mr. Lossing says that "Fort Saratoga stood upon a hill upon the east side of the Hudson oppo site Schuylerville.'' Not so ; the fort which the French destroyed stood on the west side of the Hudson, south of Schuylerville. The new fort, which Governor Clinton caused to be built in 1746, stood on the east side of the river, and was destroyed by Clinton's orders in the next year, 1747. SCHUYLER AND BRADSTREET. 255 Revolutionary War," says that " Colonel Bradstreet, then quartermaster and commissary in that part of the province, appointed Schuyler his deputy, and as such he was con stantly employed. By this means, from moderate circum stances, he became rich. His father, having little personal estate, sold provisions.'' Now, Judge Jones is not good authority, but, as the New York Historical Society has given his history a quasi endorsement by its publication, his insinuations as to Schuyler's integrity in the use of public money should be shown to be false. It is true that he was appointed commissary under Bradstreet to supply the garrison at Oswego, on the recommendation of the general commanding, but he resigned the next year. A )'ear later he^gain entered the army, and accepted the position of deputy commissary. He continued in the ser vice to the end of the campaign, which resulted in the conquest of Canada. Colonel Bradstreet had been quar termaster and commissary for several years. It was now necessary to settle with the government and account for the large sums of money which had passed through his hands. This accounting could be done better in England than in the colony, but as his own health was broken he delegated Schuyler to transact the business. He reposed implicit confidence in his ability and integrity, having known " his zeal, punctuality, and strict honesty in his majesty's service." He sailed from New York on this business in the spring of 1761, and accomplished his task to the satisfaction of his principal and of the government. It appears tliat he was in the commissary department only about three years — too short a time to have made much money from the position, even had he been disposed to abuse his trust. The testimony of Bradstreet as to his in tegrity, and the satisfactory adjustment of the accounts, effectually dispose of Judge Jones' insinuations. His fort- 256 GENERAL SCHUYLER'S PROPERTY. une was acquired by legitimate means, as I shall now proceed to show. When Philip Schuyler reached his majority, he re nounced his right of primogeniture, and decided to have the landed estate to which he was entitled by law, as well as the personal estate of his parents, divided equally be tween himself, his brothers, and his sister. Nevertheless, his share of the estate, when it was divided, constituted a respectable property, as must appear from the history of his family for three generations. He belonged to an in dustrious and saving race, who, by their business abilities and economy in expenditures, had laid the foundations of large estates. Philip Schuyler inherited the wisdom and the ability to increase his patrimony without resorting to questionable methods. His uncle Philip (358), from whom Mr. Lossing says he inherited the fine estate at Saratoga, possessed only a mod est property, which he devised by will to his .sister Marga rita (360) and to four nephews — John (363) and Philip (368) Schuyler, John and Philip Cuyler. The estate of his father, after 1747, included a one-third share of his grandfather's property, and remained undivided more than twenty years. On July 20, 1762, his brother Cortlandt, residing in Cork, Ireland, gave a power of attorney to some friends in Albany for the purpose of making a par tition among the heirs ; and also authorized them, in case of his mother's death, to make a like division of her estate. This paper was proved in Albany, on February 8, 1763, by "Archibald McElroy, peruke-maker, late of Coleraine, Ire land." His mother meantime had died, and her will had been proved. The attorne3^s, therefore, made division of both estates, and the heirs, Philip (368), Cortlandt (369), Stephen (370), and Gertrude (362), came into possession of their respective shares. In what property these shares GENERAL SCHUYLER'S PROPERTY. 257 were constituted, I have been unable to learn. From the fact that Philip Schuyler about this time controlled the Saratoga lands, I infer they were assigned to him as his portion in part. A few years later, in 1768, the heirs of Robert Livingston, Jr^ whose wife was the eldest daughter of Colonel Peter Schuyler, to whom her father had given his three-four teenths of the Saratoga Patent, made division of their lands. Philip Schuyler, by right of purchase, came in for nearly four thousand acres, and in July of the same year bought another share of nearly four thousand acres. A little later the heirs of Jacob Glen transferred to him an other lot lying within the bounds of the patent. Philip Schuyler (17), his uncle by marriage, left him by his will (proved in 1766) a part of the old Schuyler homestead, near the present village of West Troy ; and his aunt, Mar garita (360), Philip Schuyler's widow, by will made him one of her ten legatees in 1782. By his wife, Catherine Van Rensselaer, he came into possession of a part of the large estate of her father — how much I do not know. Thus far I have been able to trace a large amount of property which came into his hands by inheritance, and some by purchase. There may have been more, but I have failed to discover it. Enough has been shown to prove that he was by no means a poor man, when, in 1763, having retired from all other employments, he began to develop his Sara toga lands. These were the most valuable of his posses sions. On the premises was an unfailing water-power of capacity sufficient for the operation of various kinds of mills. The country abounded in pine and hard-woods of the best quality, and the soil of the intervales along the river and water-courses was rich. There was a ready market at New York and in the West Indies for all his productions at highly remunerative prices. He now increased his Vol. IL— 17 2SG HIS EDUCATION. facilities for the manufacture of flour and lumber, and brought a larger acreage under cultivation. He built a' flax-mill, the first of the kind in America, for which he re ceived a medal from the Society for Promoting Arts, and put up a summer mansion near the site of the one de stroyed in 1745, on the bluff overlooking the valley of the Hudson. So large were the productions from his mills and plantations, that to send them to market economically he established a transportation line between Albany and New York, consisting of a schooner and three sloops. The freight was brought from Saratoga to Albany in boats and rafts, and then shipped in the larger vessels. He lived more than half the year on his estate, giving his personal attention to his extensive and lucrative business. Such were the means and methods by which he acquired his fortune. Philip Schuyler occupies a position so prominent in the history of his country, that any sketch of his life, however brief, would be imperfect, did it not trace tiie steps by which he reached his eminence. The history of his family is contained in the preceding pages, as well as that of the means by which he acquired his estate. It remains to outline his public career. His education was obtained in the schools of his native city, supplemented by an attendance of not more than two years at a select school at New Rochelle, taught by a Hu guenot minister, where he studied French and the higher mathematics. Although interrupted by a prolonged at tack of an hereditary disease, the gout, he acquired a fair amount of book-learning, comparing favorably with that procured in tlie colleges of tlie time. After leaving school he spent a few years in the acquisition of that kind of knowledge which best fitted him for a business life, partly in a mercantile establishment, and partly on trading ex- AT OSWEGO. 259 cursions into the interior among the Indians. His personal appearance was striking, and his manners pleasant and attractive. His family position and his own accomplish ments gave him access to the best society of the province, while the entire absence of affected superiority made him popular with all classes of men. At the beginning of the last French and Indian war, when he was twenty-two years old, he was authorized by Lieutenant-Governor De Lancey to recruit a company of men for the army. The ranks were soon filled, and Schuy ler was commissioned their captain. He joined the army of Sir William Johnson, destined to operate against Crown Point ; and was in the battle of Lake George, September 8, 175s, in which the French were defeated and their wounded general made a prisoner. A few days after the battle he returned to Albany to get married. . The next winter he was in Fort Edward, where his fidelity and effi ciency commended him to the notice of the commanding general. In the following spring he accompanied Colonel Bradstreet with supplies to Oswego. On their return they were attacked by a superior force, which they repulsed with loss. On this occasion he showed unusual courage and humanity in rescuing a wounded Frenchman from abandonment and consequent starvation. He and Brad street, with eight men, reached an island in the Oswego River, from which they drove thirty of the enemy. They held their position until they were about to be cut off, when they retreated to their boats. The wounded French man begged to be taken with them, but the boat being too small to accommodate him, Schuyler took him on his back, swam across the stream to the shore, and placed him in the hands of the surgeon. The wounded man recovered, and was allowed to return home. More than twenty years afterward, when General Schuyler was in command of the 260 COLONIAL RESISTANCE. Northern Department, the Frenchman managed to procure an interview, and thanked him as the preserver of his life. The military operations of the year were not favorable to the English, owing chiefly to the incapacity and slow ness of their generals, and Schuyler, becoming dissatis fied, resigned from the army. In the spring of 1758 he again accepted service under Colonel Bradstreet, to whom he was warmly attached, as deputy commissary, with the rank of major ; but at the close of the war he again re signed, and for a few years gave his undivided attention to his private business. His affairs frequently called him to New York, where he met the governor and other pro vincial officials on business or in society. The French and Indian wars had taught the colonists the use of arms, and inspired them with courage to defend their rights by whomsoever assailed. They had learned that English officers were frequently incompetent, and English soldiers not invincible. The wars, until the last, had been maintained largely at their own expense in men and money ; and whatever successes had attended the English arms had been mainly achieved by themselves. The last war, culminating in the fall of the French power on the continent, had been sustained in a great measure by the British crown. The English Government had fur nished troops and money to prosecute it to a successful is sue, and now resolved to replenish its treasury by taxing the colonies. The colonists claimed the rights of English men, and resisted the execution of laws which they had had no voice in framing. These views and the measures of resistance had the hearty sympathies of Major Schuyler. In 1767, a new regiment of militia was organized in the territory lying north of Albany, of which Philip Schuyler was appointed the colonel, not on account of his "social position," but on account of his fitness. He was on inti- IN THE ASSEMBLY. 26x mate terms with Sir Henry Moore, the governor, who knew quite well Colonel Schuyler's political sentiments, and by this appointment may have sought to detach him from the patriots then fast rising into prominence. Were this the motive of the appointment, the governor soon saw its fu tility. Early the next year the Assembly was dissolved, because it would not legislate according to the wishes and recommendations of the governor, and writs were issued for a new election. At the solicitation of friends. Colonel Schuyler consented to be one of the candidates of the city and county of Albany. Of the twenty-seven members com posing the Assembly, Albany was entitled to two, chosen by the freeholders. The election resulted in favor of his ticket; and, with Jacob H. Ten Eyck, the other member, he took his seat at the first session, in October, 1768. The country was now on the verge of revolution. Eng land insisted on taxing the colonies in various forms for the purposes of revenue, and the colonists persisted in their determination to resist the Jaws made by a parlia ment in which they were not represented. The govern ing classes readily submitted to the unjust enactments so long as their salaries were paid, but a large majority of the people was opposed to their enforcement. Notwithstand ing Colonel Schuyler's social position with the former, being connected by blood with several of them, his politi cal convictions and sympathies were with the latter. In the Legislature he joined the opposition, and steadily acted with the people's representatives. One of his earliest acts, outside of politics, was the introduction of a bill for the preservation and translation of the Dutch records of the city and county of Albany. It passed both houses, and was signed by the governor on December 31, 1768.' ' The law was never enforced as to the translation. A century later, many of the records were translated by Professor Pearson, of Union Col- 262 CONTINENTAL CONGRESS. The Assembly did not meet the expectations of the royal governor, and he dissolved it on January 2, 1769. A new election was ordered, when Colonel Schuyler and his col league were again returned, but the new house contained some new men, who strengthened the party of the admin istration. Two or three years later, two new counties were organized, whose members adhered to the royal cause and swelled the loyalist majority. The opposition, however, under the leadership of Colonel Schuyler and George Clinton, the future governor of the State, undis mayed by the number of their opponents, assumed a firmer stand in favor of human rights, and by thus doing inspired courage and hope among their constituents. Agitation against the acts of Parliament gathered strength, until it was proposed to hold a Congress, composed of delegates from all the colonies, for consultation on the state of the country. Colonel Schuyler was solicited to represent the city and county of Albany, but his health was such that he could not attend. Twelve colonies sent deputies, and their proceedings, though careful and conservative, were satisfactory to the friends of liberty. The next year it was proposed to hold another Conti nental Congress, and since the New York Assembly refused to appoint delegates, as had been done by other colonies, the people, determined to have a representation, called a provincial convention to take this and other matters relat ing to their welfare into consideration. The convention met in New York on April 20th, and was attended by forty-two delegates chosen from the several counties of the province. Colonel Schuyler was one of the depu ties from Albany. The session lasted only three days. lege, and published by Joel Munsell, as a private enterprise. Nearly three thousand pages are yet in the original. It seems a pity that the city of Albany cannot spend a few hundred dollars to complete the work. MAJOR-GENERAL SCHUYLER. 263 Twelve delegates, among them Colonel Schuyler, were appointed to the Congress, any five of whom could rep resent the colony. Meanwhile the country was rapidly drifting toward war. The convention had adjourned, and the country members v\rere on their way home, when the news of the skirmish at Lexington was received in New York. It was quickly sent to all parts of the province, and created intense excitement. The Legislature being sub servient to the royal cause, the patriots could not look to them for leadership in this alarming crisis, nor could they trust them for future legislation. They resorted to the revolutionary measure of calling a Provincial Congress, which should assume the functions of government. After its meeting in New York, on May 23, 1775, the Colonial Legislature did not hold another session. Colonel Schuyler took his seat in the Continental Con gress on May 15th. That body proceeded cautiously, but effectively, in its measures of preparation for the impend ing conflict. They saw the need of an army, and resolved to call twenty thousand men to the field. They appointed Colonel George Washington commander-in-chief, four major-generals, and several brigadiers. The major-gener als were Artemas Ward, of Massachusetts ; Charles Lee, an Englishman and a soldier of fortune ; Philip Schuyler, of New York ; and Israel Putnam, of Connecticut. With the exception of Lee, none of these generals had any experi ence in what may be termed civilized warfare. They were militia officers, and whatever they knew of military science they had learned in the French and Indian wars, under in competent English generals. But they were the best that the country could produce. They possessed bravery and discretion — qualities which, judging by the past, did not exist to any considerable extent in the English command ers to whom they would be opposed. In time they would 264 THE NORTHERN DEPARTMENT. learn the art of war, when they would become more than a match for their opponents. Major-General Schuyler was put in command of the Nor thern Department, or rather of the province of New York. Owing to the fact that New York had always been a royal province, whose governor and other civil officers were ap pointed by the crown, it contained more loyalists, or Tories, in proportion to its population, than any of the other colo nies. The bulk of the inhabitants were on Long Island and in the immediate vicinity of the capital, where the in fluence of the crown officers was strongest and the Tories most numerous. They enjoyed the highest social position, and, with the exception of the four powerful families, the Van Cortlandts, the Livingstons, the Van Rensselaers, and the Schuylers, they possessed the largest amount of wealth. The Six Nations of Indians lived within the borders of New York, in war a power to be dreaded. For thirty years or more Sir William Johnson had been their superintendent. He was a loyalist of the most pronounced type. With large amounts of money placed at his disposal, he had secured their steady attachment to the English interests. He was now dead, but his son and nephew had succeeded to his place in the affections of those wild warriors. The John sons also had a large tenantry of Scotch and Irish, who were more subservient than the Indians. The position of the province in reference to Canada was the same as in the wars with the French. It might be invaded by the enemy from two directions — from the north through Lake Cham plain to the valley of the Hudson, from the northwest through the country of the Six Nations to the Mohawk River. On both routes the country was sparsely settled, and between them intervened a savage wilderness. Al bany, as a century before, ¦was the base of supplies, and the forts, which were relied upon to obstruct the march of SCHUYLER'S APPOINTMENT. 265 an enemy, were each ovfer a hundred miles distant. Sup plies and ammunition were conveyed in small boats up the rivers, and in wagons around the falls and rapids. It will be seen that the work of supplying the garrisons was one of great labor and expense. The army before Boston, under General Ward, was adopted by Congress, and Wash ington, the commander-in-chief, was directed to assume the command. General Schuyler was left to his own re sources. It has been said by an eminent historian, that " Schuyler owed his place to his social position, not to his military talents." It might be asked, which of the gener als appointed by Congress, except Lee, owed his place to .military talents ? Were they not all appointed rather for their fitness than for any other reason ? If social positions controlled the appointments, why was not a Jay, or a Van Cortlandt, a Livingston, or a Van Rensselaer, named in stead of Schuyler ? Those families had social position equal to the Schuylers, and greater wealth. No ; Mr. Ban croft is mistaken. Schuyler was chosen because of his eminent fitness. True, he had little experience as a sol dier, but he had unquestioned capacity as an organizer, much experience in business requiring executive ability of the highest order, the unquestioned confidence of the public, and ardent love of his country. There was a great work to do, more important than fighting— the preparation for fighting. Congress was wiser than Bancroft, and ap pointed almost the only man in New York, or New Eng land, who could successfully perform the work assigned to him. There was no army in the Northern Department ; Schuyler had to raise one. There were no military sup plies ; he had to provide them. Little money was given him ; he had to procure what was lacking. Forts Ticon deroga and Crown Point had been seized by Ethan Allen and his Green Mountain Boys ; he had to garrison and de- 266 ATTACK ON CANADA. fend them. Fort Stanwix was small and inadequate ; he had to enlarge and rebuild it. The Five Nations were in alliance with the English ; he had to conciliate them with presents, and oblige them to remain neutral. Sir John Johnson and his bands of Tories, unless watched and .dis persed, would prove a serious embarrassment; he had to watch and disperse them. Who other than General Schuy ler could have performed this great amount of work as well as he ? None other. Congress knew their man, and " social position " had little or nothing to do with his ap pointment. The invasion and conquest of Canada had been a favor ite project with New England and New York for seventy years before it was finally subdued. The project was now revived. It was thought to be a favorable opportunity, because the Canadian French were restive under English rule, and were supposed to be ready to throw off the yoke of their conquerors. The English forces were not strong, and were poorly prepared to defend their extensive fron tiers. It was believed that an American army could march on Montreal with little opposition, and, after taking that city, capture Quebec, before re-enforcements could arrive from England. To make sure of this stronghold, another army could march through the wilderness of Maine and co-operate with the first. The project commended itself to Congress, and they determined to make the effort. It devolved on General Schuyler to organize the army of in vasion by way of Lake Champlain, and on the commander- in-chief that by way of Maine. The first was placed under the command of General Montgomery, and the latter under that of General Arnold. Montgomery, laboring under much embarrassment for want of men and from bad discipline among the troops, captured the outlying forts, and entered Montreal in triumph. He appeared be- SCHUYLER'S ENEMIES. 267 fore Quebec early in December, some three weeks after Arnold, emerging from the wilderness, had taken posses sion of the " Plains of Abraham,'' where General Wolfe, sixteen years before, had fought and fallen. The two wings, when united, formed an army much too small and too poorly equipped for the capture of the strongly forti fied city. If taken, it must be taken by assault ; the at tempt was made, but failed. Montgomery was killed and Arnold wounded. The next spring the Americans re treated, and were slowly driven out of Canada, notwith standing the extraordinary efforts made by' Schuyler to re-enforce them ; they had to recede before superior num bers. He was seriously embarrassed for the want of hard money, which Congress did not supply, and without which it was impossible to subsist an army in an enemy's country. When it was seen that Canada must be evacuated, Schuy ler undertook to keep possession of Lake Champlain, and thus prevent an invasion of New York. During the spring and summer of 1776, he employed a large force of work men in building batteaux at Lake George, and at White hall in the construction of sloops and gondolas, which were armed and equipped as vessels of war. The fleet was put under the command of General Arnold. In a battle on the lake he was outnumbered and beaten, with the loss of his fleet — taken by the enemy or destroyed by himself. Forts Ticonderoga and Crown Point were now the only obstacles in the way of the victors ; but the Eng lish retired into Canada, and gave the Americans time to strengthen these defences. General Schuyler had enemies and rivals. He was a man of pronounced convictions, and tenacious of military order and discipline ; he had offended the officers and men of the New England contingents by insisting on these cardinal virtues of a well-regulated army. Others were 268 SCHUYLER AND GATES. envious of his reputation, and some aspired to his position. They made their influence felt in Congress, which became dissatisfied with his conduct of the war, and virtually su perseded him by the appointment of General Gates to the command of the army in Canada, in March, 1777. There was no army in Canada, but Gates and his friends assumed that he was in command of the northern army, now in the forts on Lake Champlain. General Schuyler was in Kings ton, whither he had gone to consult the provincial con vention on matters relating to his department, when the news of Gates' appointment was received. The conven tion, resenting the indignity, immediately appointed him a delegate to Congress, in which he took his seat shortly afterward. At his request, a court of inquiry into his con duct was appointed. While they were preparing to inves tigate, he assumed command of the Pennsylvania militia, and performed much useful work. The committee made their investigations, and their re port was so favorable that Congress was satisfied that it had made a mistake. It defined the Northern Department to include within its limits the forts on Lake Champlain, of which General Schuyler was in command. On his re turn to Albany he found that Gates had lingered in Al bany, and that nothing had been done to render the de fences more secure. Valuable time had been lost. It was known that the English were preparing for the invasion of New York on both the routes heretofore indicated, and Schuyler set to work to render the attempt abortive. Meanwhile a State constitution had been adopted, and a State government organized. Schuyler was put in nomi nation for governor, but, believing that the office would interfere with his military duties, he declined to be a can didate. He devoted his time and energies, as well as much of his personal estate and resources, to protecting the SCHUYLER'S POSITION. 26tj. newly organized State from a successful invasion. As Fort Ticonderoga was believed to be the key to the situa tion, he sought to make it impregnable. His efforts were useless. It was evacuated by General St. Clair on July 6th, greatly to the surprise of Congress and of the country. But Schuyler did not despair. With only fifteen hundred men at Fort Edward, and with a small supply of warlike material, he believed that he could effectually prevent the enemy from reaching his objective point, provided he were furnished with re-enforcements and supplies. He removed the cannon from the fort on Lake George, broke up the roads, obstructed Wood Creek with fallen trees, compelling Burgoyne to move so slowly that the Ameri cans had time to recover from the depression consequent upon the loss of Ticonderoga. He earnestly entreated Congress, the commander-in-chief, and the New England colonies to hasten forward detachments of regular troops and militia. With these on the ground, he predicted that Burgoyne would not see Albany in this campaign. Con gress was slow to act. Washington could not weaken his own army by detachments, and New England was dissatis fied. Re-enforcements in sufficient numbers did not ar rive, and Schuyler was obliged to retire before the advanc ing foe. Fort Edward, owing to its situation, could not be defended, nor was there another point short of Still water where he could make a stand and maintain his posi tion. For want of men that position could not be re tained, and he retired to the mouth of the Mohawk River, where a small army could hold a much larger one in check. " Schuyler's choice of the place where to make a final stand was a wise one, showing him to be a skilful strategist. Nearly a century later. General Winfield Scott, reviewing the ground, said that it was " the true strategic point for the defence of Albany and the lower Hudson." 270 COURT-MARTIAL. Here troops began to arrive, and Schuyler soon found himself strong enough to advance to his former position at Stillwater. Meantime the tongue of slander and de traction was doing its work. The New England delegates in Congress took up the voice, and insisted on a change of generals for the Northern Department. They were the friends of Gates, and had been instrumental in securing his former appointment to the army in Canada. They now declared that the New England militia would not serve under Schuyler, thus betraying their want of patriot ism. They finally accomplished their purpose, and Schuy ler was superseded by Gates, not, however, before the bat tle of Bennington had been fought, and the siege of Fort Stanwix had been abandoned. These two affairs had a marked influence on Burgoyne, and were decisive of his campaign. Had Schuyler been left in command, the result would have been the same. Burgoyne would have sur rendered, but probably not on the easy terms he obtained from Gates. General Schuyler did not retire in disgust, but believed it to be his duty to render all the assistance in his power to his successor; by his influence among the Indians of the Six Nations, and by the pledge of his per sonal responsibility for supplies, he made it the more easy for Gates to win the great victory. Meantime he solicited an inquiry into his conduct, and would not entertain a thought of resignation until he had had an opportunity to vindicate his reputation before a court-martial. He was well assured in his own mind that such a tribunal would acquit him of any blame for the evacuation of Ticonderoga and his conduct of the cam paign. He felt sure that he had prepared the way for vic tory, while another had gathered the laurels. After much solicitation, Congress was induced to order a court-martial, composed chiefly of New England officers and only one BANCROFT'S CHARGES. 27 1 from his own State. He conducted his own defence, pass ing in review the whole history of his operations during the campaign. After a session of three days, the court unanimously found that he was not guilty of any neglect of duty, and. therefore acquitted him with the highest honor. The verdict was subsequently confirmed by Con gress. He then resigned from the army, and retired to private life. He did not, however, forget his duty to his country, but while the war continued rendered many im portant services. The finding of the court-martial was accepted as final, and Schuyler's detractors were silenced. During the thirty remaining years of his life, in the midst of fierce political strife and excitement, there were no in sinuations, not even a whisper, to his prejudice. Writers like Chancellor Kent, Chief-Justice Marshall, Jared Sparks, Washington Irving, and Mr. Lossing have praised his gen eralship and done justice to his memory. It remained for Mr. Bancroft, sixty years after Schuyler's death, to'discover that he was a coward. What, the friend and correspondent of George Washington a coward ! Im possible ! Washington never lost confidence in his friend, and did not believe him a coward. In 1781, General and Mrs. Washington were sponsors at the baptism of Schuy ler's youngest child ; with him, two years later, he visited the battle-fields of Saratoga ; with him he retained the most friendly relations to the day of his death. Did Mr. Bancroft suspect that his charge was a reflection on the character of the man whom he seeks to exalt above all others ? Washington was too pure a patriot, and too self- respecting a man to associate with one whose cowardice might have proved the ruin of his country. If there be anything in blood, Schuyler's descent from a brave nation and a. brave race disproves the charge. " His patriotism so sincere," other words of Mr. Bancroft, " that he willingly 272 BANCROFT'S CHARGES. used his credit, influence, and connections to bring out the resources of his native province," — " His humanity so great, he brooked no delay in adopting measures for the relief of the sick," — "Always on the alert to send help where itwas wanted," — " He loved his country more than his own rank or fortune," — these truthful utterances of Mr. Bancroft prove him to have been no coward. Of what coward can such things be said in truth ? His moral heroism in the Legislature, when contending for the rights of the people against the tyrannical edicts of the government, prove that he was no coward. His determination not to resign when superseded, until a court-martial had investigated his con duct, shows his nerve in the presence of enemies. His whole life brands the charge of cowardice ¦with falsehood. Perhaps Mr. Bancroft's New England education, and his New England prejudices against the Dutch, had an in fluence upon his pen. Perhaps his great devotion to Washington, as the hero of his history, impelled him to cast aspersions upon every man, however pure and noble, who might share in the glory of liberating his country. . Whatever the motive, he uttered the slander without due reflection, and on insufficient authority. When challenged to produce his proof, he presented extracts from letters and documents, which, when read in their connection, utterly fail to sustain the accusation.' General Schuyler retired from the army, but did not leave the service of his country. In various capacities and in various ways he contributed to the final success of the patriot cause. He had the satisfaction- of knowing' that his services were appreciated and acknowledged. He retained his position on the Board for Indian Affairs ; ' I refer the reader to Correspondence and Remarks, upon Bancroft's History of the Northern Campaign of 1777, and the Character of Major- ' General Philip Schuyler. By George L. Schuyler. New York, 1867. SENATOR. 273 like his ancestors, he was a friend of the Indians, by whom he was much esteemed. He served three terms in the State Senate, and in 1789 he and Rufus King were elected the first United States Senators from New York under the Constitutio;n of 1787, the adoption of which by his Stale he was largely instrumental in securing. He was surveyor-general of the State from 1781 to 1784, and a member of the commission to adjust the boundaries between New York and Massachusetts. The final report defining the boundaries is in his handwriting. In the spring of 1797 he was again chosen to the United States Senate ; but ill health compelled him to resign soon after taking his seat. He was a warm friend of internal im provements, and as early as 1776 had estimated the cost of a canal connecting the Hudson with Lake Champlain. The death of his son-in-law, Alexander Hamilton, was a severe shock to his system, and he did not long survive him. He died on November 18, 1804. It was left for a granddaughter, Mrs. Miller, a daughter of Cornelia Schuy ler and Washington Morton, to erect his monument, in. 187 1, in the Albany Rural Cemetery, where his remains re pose. It is of granite, thirty-six feet high, bearing the simple inscription, Major-General PHILIP SCHUYLER. Born at Albany, Nov. 22, 1733. Died Nov. 18, 1804. As to General Schuyler's land transactions, I have been unable to learn that they were large outside the Saratoga Patent, much of which he obtained. I find only one pat ent issued to him personally. . There may have been others Vol. II.— 18 274 SCHUYLER'S WILL. granted to companies in which he was interested.' On Sep tember 2 2, 1789, he procured a patent for forty-five acres of land in two parcels on tlie outlet of Lake George, which afforded him a valuable water-power. General Schuyler in his business enterprises was careful to secure such val uable property. Besides the outlet of Saratoga Lake, he owned two mill-privileges on Batten Kill, which he gave to his son Philip Jeremiah, and now he possessed the power of which another lake was the reservoir. General Schuyler's will, written, as he says, "by my own hand," bears date June 20, 1803, and was proved March 2, 1827. It covers several folio pages of the records. He devises to his grandson Philip, son of John Brad street Schuyler, a portion of his Saratoga estate on Fish Creek within certain bounds ; to his sons Philip Jeremiah and Rensselaer, other portions of his Saratoga property ; the residue of said estate, he divides equally between his five daughters, or their heirs ; to his daughter Cornelia he also gives $2,000, and to Catherine $5,000, cash. All the rest and residue of his estate was to be equally divided among his children and his grandsons Philip Schuyler and Stephen Van Rensselaer. If doubts or differences should arise among the heirs, in order to avoid lawsuits, he recommends that reference should be made to his friends, Hon. James Kent, Hon. Jacob Radclift, Egbert Bensen, Esq., Abraham Van Vech ten, Esq., and John V. Henry, Esq., or any three of them. The executors were his sons Philip Jeremiah and Rens selaer,- and sons-in-law John Barker Church, Alexander Hamilton, and Stephen Van Rensselaer. It has been remarked that General Schuyler did not cease his efforts in behalf of the patriot cause after he re- ' At the time of his death he owned 6,697 acres of land in seven differ ent land companies, which were appraised by his executors at $52,445. SECRET AGENTS. 275 signed his commission and left the army, but continued his efforts to- make that cause a success. In this work he was ably supported by other prominent citizens of Albany and vicinity. They employed secret agents to observe the movements of the enemy, to procure intelligence of organ ized expeditions against the northern frontier, and to make regular reports to their principals. They were so successful in learning the designs of the English, and in concerting measures to render them abortive, that the British officers commanding in Canada at last determined to gain posse.s- sion of their persons and to hold them as prisoners, believ ing that thus they could better accomplish their purposes of murder and pillage. Colonel St. Leger, who had fled from before the walls of Fort Schuyler, scared away by the strangely significant gestures of one man supposed to be demented, seems to have been detailed to take charge of this peculiar warfare, and organize the parties for the cap ture of these marked individuals. We have seen that one such party carried off Mr. Bleecker from his home at Tomhanack ; and he was not the only one thus kidnapped. The party sent against General Schuyler was not so successful. The story has been told so often, that it has become familiar to the readers of the history of those times ; but I now repeat it, that it may be compared with the ver sion as given by one of the actors in the drama. I give it in the words of a recent writer : ' " The General had been warned of attempts that would be made to capture him, and he had several guards about the place. A band of Tories and Indians organized them selves under Waltermeyer at the Whitehall farm, and burst in upon the general's premises while the guards were asleep. Their arms had been removed to the cellar by Mrs. Church through a mistake, General Schuyler ' Magazine of American History for July, 1884. 276" ATTACK ON "SCHU-^-LER'S 'HOUSE. retreated to an upper room, and fired a pistol to alarm the. garrison, half a mile distant. The family were all gathered in the room with the General, when their babe, Catherine, was missed. Mrs. Schuyler attempted to go after her, but was detained by her husband. The daughter Margaret slipped by, and felt her way through the darkness to the cradle on the first floor. Although the enemy had en tered the house, no one saw her till she had reached the stairs on her return. An Indian then threw a tomahawk, which cut the dress of the girl and buried itself in the rail ing of the stairway, where the mark is still visible. The girl fled to the upper room, having told the raiders that the General had gone to alarm the town. The raiders continued to plunder, until the sound of the General's voice above appeared to be giving orders to some of his followers outside. They then fled with what they had se cured, and with three of the General's guard, and they did not stop short of Canada. None of the stolen plate was ever returned, but some of it was afterward used in Can ada, with the comment, ' This came from General Schuy ler's house.' " All the versions of this affair I have seen are by Ameri can writers. I now give another, as told to me by Mr. Alexander Murdoch, of Ithaca, a Scotchman by birth and education : " In 1829-30, while I was an apprentice in Scotland, I became acquainted with John McDonald, who was a pen sioner and blind, having lost his sight in Egypt. He had spent most of his life in the army, and had fought in the four quarters of the globe. He was an intelligent man, and fond of relating his experiences when he could find ready listeners. He lived only two doors from our shop, and was a frequent visitor. In moments of leisure we encouraged him to tell his stories of army life. He had served all through the American Revolution, and had a large fiind of anecdotes relating to that stormy period. As I had resolved to make the United States my future MURDOCH S ACCOUNT. 277. home, I listened with more than usual interest to eveiry- thing relating to the country and people. " One of his many stories of adventure referred to an attempt to capture General Schuyler, of Albany. The party organized for this purpose was composed of picked men from his own Highland regiment, and he was selected as one of them. It was known that the Schuyler mansion was situated outside the city, surrounded with trees and a garden attached filled with shrubbery. The party was guided by an Indian, who had often visited the General, and had been treated with great kindness by himself and family. He was familiar with the grounds and all the ap proaches to the house. For his treachery to his friends, he received the bribe of a gun, a keg of rum, and a roll of tobacco. When the party had arrived within a few miles of the house, they concealed themselves, and waited till they were assured the General was at home. After learn ing this fact, they left their hiding-place late in the after noon, and silently stole their way through the woods, ar riving near the mansion unobserved not long after dark. McDonald and five others were detailed to enter the house, and others posted near the doors and windows. The leader of the band, with arms concealed under his coat, took position not far from the front entrance. The squad of six men gained access through the rear entrance on the ground floor in perfect silence, but, as they approached the stairway leading to the rooms above, a bayonet became detached and fell to the floor with a ringing noise. Imme diately a young woman with a light in her hand was seen on the landing, and, discovering the strange visitors, she gave an alarm. The General flew to the attic, from which he fired his heavy pistols, apparently a preconcerted signal of danger, for by the trampling of feet and mingled voices it was quickly learned a crowd of armed men was rapidly approaching. The invading party hastily retreated into the darkness, and finally reached Canada in safety. The Indian guide, however, fell into the hands of the Ameri cans, and was promptly executed." 278 CORTLANDT SCHUYLER. Cortlandt Schuyler (369) at an early age entered a regiment of the English army then stationed in this province. Not long afterward his regiment was ordered to Ireland, where Schuyler caused some sensation, both because he ¦was more than ordinarily fine looking and be cause it was something new to see a man from the back woods of America in the royal uniform. From his nativ ity, and his personal appearance, 'he was called by his ac quaintances the " Handsome Savage." His good looks and shoulder-straps soon made an impression on the ladies, one of whom — Miss Barbara , of Cork — accepted his offer of marriage. He remained abroad several years, but re turned with his family before July, 1764. He had won his promotion to a captaincy, but apparently resigned about the time he came back to America, or soon after. All his family, except his aunt, "The American Lady," were in sympathy with the republicans then demanding better laws or independence. Without doubt his correspondence with friends at home, especially with his brother Philip, had led him to suspect that the agitation -would end in war, and, rather than be in a position where he might be required to fight against his land and kindred, he left the army, and resigned his flattering prospects in the future. Not thus acted his cousin, Cornelius Cuyler, whose father had bought him into the army about the time that Schuyler had entered " without money and without price." Cuyler retained his place, and in a few years after Schuyler left rose to the rank of major-general. In July, 1764, Captain Cortlandt Schuyler bought from the city of Albany eleven acres of land, "and one rod for broken land," on " Gallows Hill," for jQzoo and an annual rent of fifty shillings. Four years later he took on lease, from Patroon Van Rensselaer, a farm of six hundred acres on the west side of the Hudson River, bounded north STEPHANUS SCHUYLER. 279 by Normand's Creek, and afterward known as Crystal Hill. He resided on this farm on October 2, 1773, and soon after lost his life by a fall from his horse while hunting. Had he lived he would in all probability have occupied a prominent position in the army of the Revolution. He was a trained soldier, and just the kind of man much wanted to organize the troops and conduct a campaign. His widow and several children (how many I have not been able to learn) returned to Ireland, where, it is said, some bearing the name still reside. His eldest son, John Cortlandt (385), married Angelica, daughter of Henry J. Van Rensselaer, and resided in Watervliet, where he died the latter part of December, 1793. In his will, dated December 27, 1793, and proved January 11, 1794, he gives to his wife ^1,400 for her right of dower ; to his mother, Barbara, ;!^5oo in lieu of dower for lands received from his father ; to brothers and sisters (without naming them) the residue of his estate. The executors were " Mother Barbara " for real estate in Eu rope ; " Father-in-law Henry J. Van Rensselaer " and " Uncle Stephen J. Schuyler " for real estate in America. The Crystal Hill farm was bought of the executors, on February 10, 1794, by Major James Van Rensselaer for _^3oo. Since the latter's death the. farm has been divided, and the old mansion turned to strange uses. Very little is known of Stephanus Schuyler (370). He was assistant alderman for a year or two, and then appar ently removed from the city in 1765, for his name no longer appears in the records. To what place he went, or where he resided the remainder of his life, I do not know. It is probable that he took up his residence on one of the many tracts of land belonging to his family in the neighborhood of Albany. He was a member of Assem bly for that county from 1777 to 1779, and a colonel of a 280; JOHN BARKER CHURCH.. regiment attached to General Ten Broeck's brigade in the Revolutionary War. These were the only public positions he held. He seems to have led a quiet life, without aspi rations for a large fortune or political preferment, con tented with the estate received by inheritance and the position of a private citizen. He was executor of the will of his aunt, "The American Lady," and of that of his nephew, John Cortlandt Schuyler, showing that he was esteemed by his friends for his probity and business ca pacity. His descendants are widely scattered, some resid ing in Oneida County, N. Y., others in Ohio and Minne sota, while some are in Canada. None, however, linger about the home of their ancestor. One of his sons, Bar ent, was an officer in the United States Army, War of 1812- '15. Several of his grandsons were soldiers and officers in the late civil war, of whom three brothers enlisted in an Ohio regiment, and were on the field when Lee surrendered. Stephanus Schuyler died on December 24, 1820, at the age of eighty-four years, having survived his illustrious brother, the General, about sixteen years. His wife, Lena Ten Eyck, was of an old Dutch family, whose ancestor, Counraad Ten Eyck, resided in New Amsterdam, and fol lowed the trade of tanner and shoemaker. Her father, Barent Ten Eyck, was a merchant of Albany. Angelica Schuyler (373) married John Barker Church,' an English gentleman, who before and after marriage re- ' In the Life of General Schuyler and elsewhere this name is written John Carter Cliurch, but his secretary called him John Barker Church, and it was so written by his father-in-law in his will. Mr. Lossing, referring to the fact that he came to this country under an assumed name, says, ' ' why he dropped his family name is not known." It may notbe amiss to tell the story as told me. He had been engaged in a duel, or some youthful escapade, and, wishing to avoid arrest, he left his hat and broken sword in the street, and fled by a ship ready to sail to America. Some time after his marriage he was recognized in New York by an English otticcr, when, concealment being no lohge'r necessary; he assumed his proper name. ALEXANDER HAMILTON. 28 1 sided many years in this country, and was engaged in bus iness operations requiring a large capital and superior abilities to manage. My father was for a time his private secretary, and resided in his family. His only duty was to copy the letters Mr. Church had written before break fast, and mail them. After this was done, he was free to employ his time as he chose. He spent an hour or two each day in the saddle, his employer keeping a horse for his individual use. He led an easy and pleasant life, one to which he frequently recurred in after years. Mr. Church made several voyages to England, but never with his family in company. They sailed in another ship. He assigned as a reason for such arrangement, that in case one vessel suffered shipwreck a part of the family would be safe in the other. Mr. Church finally returned to his English home, and became a member of Parliament. His- eldest son, Philip, inherited a large tract of land in Alle ghany County, N. Y., to which at an early day he removed with a young wife, cutting his own road from Bath to the Genesee River, where he located a village, and named it for his mother, Angelica. Elizabeth Schuyler (374) married Alexander Hamilton, whose life, like that of the " Father of his Country," " is written in the hearts of his countrymen." When a boy he camg from the West India Island of Nevis to complete his education. While a student in Columbia College he be came interested in the questions of English taxation and American independence. He embraced the popular cause, and in the press and on the platform he rendered impor tant service. When it came to blows he volunteered in the ranks of the patriots. He raised a company of artillery, and was made its captain. In the campaigns of Long Isl and and of New York he showed more than ordinary abil ity. He attracted the observation of Washington, who 282 ALEXANDER HAMILTON. was so much pleased with his character and acquirements that he made him one of his aids, and employed his pen in his extensive correspondence. When he resigned this position he again sought service in the army. At York- town he led tlie assault on one of the two redoubts which formed the key to the enemy's position, and captured it with little loss. With a few months' study of the law he ¦was admitted to the bar, and soon acquired an extensive practice. As a statesman he had no superior, and as a financier few were his equal. The first Secretary of the Treasury of the United States, he adopted a system of finance which lifted the country from insolvency and re stored its credit at home and abroad. As a lawyer Aaron Burr was his only rival, who, despairing of becoming his superior, resolved to kill him. For this purpose he prac tised with the pistol, and when an expert he seized on some flimsy pretext to challenge him to the " field of honor." Hamilton, with his undoubted courage, was not brave enough to decline. At Weehawken, on the Jersey shore, he offered his body as a target to the murderer's weapon. He fell at the first fire with a mortal wound, and died the next day, in the forty-eighth year of his age. Burr became a fugitive and vagabond, living to old age. The husband of Margarita Schuyler (375) was Stephen Van Rensselaer, the last patroon of Rensselaerwyck ; and the wife of her brother, John Bradstreet Schuyler (378), was Elizabeth Van Rensselaer, his sister. Philip Jeremiah Schuyler (379) married Sarah Rutsen, of an old Kingston, N. Y, family, intermarried also with the Van Rensselaers. She was probably a daughter of Colonel Jacob Rutsen. Eliza Ten Broeck, wife of Rensselaer Schuyler (380), was a daughter of General Abraham Ten Broeck and Elizabeth Van Rensselaer. OTHER DESCENDANTS. 283 Catherina Schuyler (383) married, first, Samuel Mal colm, son of General Malcolm of the Revolution ; and subsequently James Cochran, son of John Cochran, sur geon-general, mentioned above as the husband of Gertrude Scluiyler (362). John Cortlandt Schuyler (384) married Angelica Van Rensselaer, of the Claverack family, niece of General Schuyler's wife and a descendant of Colonel Peter Schuy ler. Henry Ten Eyck Schuyler (389) married Sarah, daugh ter of Nanning Visscher and Agnes Van Buren. Harman Visscher, the American ancestor of the family, was a car penter in New Amsterdam in 1649, whence he came to Beverwyck, and was made the village surveyor in 1666. Cynthia Carpenter, the wife of Philip V. C. Schuyler (390), is a new name in the Schuyler nomenclature. I know nothing of her family, but imagine that they may have lived at Catskill. Among the papers on file in the office of the Court of Appeals is an inventory, made by John Schuyler, of the effects of Mr. Carpenter, a former resident of that place. The estate was large, and consisted mostly of notes and other obligations, many of which were inven toried as " bad." George L. Schuyler (404) married two daughters of James A. Hamilton, a son of Alexander Hamilton. They were great-granddaughters of General Philip Schuyler. VI. PHILIP SCHUYLER, SECOND. " Philip was lost in the woods after he had sustained a se vere conflict with the French and Indians, and was never heard of. " — Mrs. Chancellor Livingston, I7g5. "Philip left no descendants." — Rev. G. C. Schenck. "Philip lost in the woods, and never heard from." — Ma- turin L. Delajield. "Philip, d. s. ^.''—Winjield. "Philip was lost in the woods." — Lossing. "Philip had no children, and -was murdered at Saratoga, 1745." — 5. Alofsen. "Philip was killed in battle."— yi/^-j. Booth. "Philip settled in Albany." — Mrs. Lamb. Philip Schuyler (9) accomplished so little in his life that it is no marvel he should soon have been forgotten, or confounded with other Philips after the lapse of a few years. It will appear, nevertheless, that he had no con flict with the Indians, was not lost in the woods, was not killed in battle, and did not die without posterity. His name appears so seldom in the records that my sketch of him must necessarily be very brief. He alone of the five brothers has no history. Pie left Albany before 1686, and probably took a position in some mercantile es tablishment in New York. In 1687 he married the daugh ter of Nicholas De Meyer, and soon after removed to Kings ton, where he engaged in trade and milling. His father- in-law had a large property at Kingston, and he doubtless occupied a portion of it for his residence and business PHILIP SCHUYLER. 285 purposes. After the death of De Meyer he sold his build ings, including the "bolten mill," to Louis Du Bois for "nineteen hundred scheppels of wheat." He returned to New York, and in March, 1693, he and his wife united with the Dutch Church by letter from the church at Kings ton. Before April, 1699, he was a resident of Albany, on Yonkers (State) Street. In 1703 he appears in Schenec tady as commandant of the fort, with the rank of lieuten ant. He was afterward termed " captain " by courtesy. He served in the fort only about three years, but con tinued to reside in Schenectady the remainder of his life. In politics I have been unable to determine his position. He seems to have passed through the troublesome times of Leisler unmolested and unknown. His only acts which have the appearance of any political significance, were certifying to the Assembly, in April, 1699, that he had served their citation on Dominie Dellius and Evert Banck er to appear at their bar to answer to the charge of fraudulently procuring a deed of the greater part of the Mohawk land, and of signing the address of certain Al banians to the Earl of Bellomont, August, 1700. Some might infer from this that he had a leaning to the Leis lerians ; but how, then, shall we interpret the fact that in the next year, 1701, he signed the address to the king, for the circulation of which Nicholas Bayard was tried and convicted of treason ? In lands he took very little interest. While his brothers and other friends were buying and selling the public lands, he seemed to hold himself aloof, and made no ventures in that direction. He did, indeed, before he had reached his majority, in 1685, a year after Robert Livingston received his first patent for two thousand acres of land on Roelof Jansen's Kil, petition the governor for leave to buy " a certain piece of woodland commonly known by the name 286 PHILIP SCHUYLER. of Roelof Jansen's Kill." His petition was granted, pro vided he took out a patent before the last day of the en suing August. Nothing came of it, and no patent was issued. It is probable that Robert Livingston did not wish any interference with his plans and intentions. Apparently he made no farther efforts to become a landed proprietor until July, 171 1, when the Mohawk chiefs gave him a deed for about t^wo thousand acres of land adjoining the Schenectady Patent on the east, bound ed south by Van Rensselaer's manor. I have a traced copy of this deed, made from the original in the secretary's office, signed by the celebrated " King Hendrick," Gideon, and others, with the totems of their clans. He applied to Governor Hunter for a patent, but for some reason now unknown it was not granted. In 17 14 he again petitioned, but with no better success than before. A year later the tract was surveyed by his son Nicholas, " D. C. Surveyor at Schonaghtaday," and its bounds described, " east by Schonahtady, south by lands of Killiaan Van Rensselaer, west by lands of Cornells Switz." He then wrote to his friend, Mr. Wildman, of New York, that every objection had been answered, and every obstacle removed, urging him to press the matter before the governor and Council. Pie did not succeed. The business then rested until 1722, when he made a last effort, with a like result. Meantime his brother Johannes secured a patent for nearly two thousand acres lying northeast and adjoining this for which Philip applied in vain. It was reserved for the Dutch Church in Schenectady, for whom it was obtained by patent, August, 1738. If the Indians had a right to dispose of their lands to whom they chose, Philip Schuy ler and his heirs were the rightful owners in equity and fairness, the governor's patent to the church to the con trary notwithstanding. PHILIP SCHUYLER. , 287 It seems singular that, while Philip's brothers and brothers-in-law found little difficulty in procuring patents for lands whenever they asked for them, he alone should be unsuccessful, and not be able to own an acre. The reasons cannot now be satisfactorily explained. Philip Schuyler died on May 24, 1724, at Schenectady. He left no will ; his estate, whatever it was, going to his only son and to his widow, who had a house and lot on Front Street, which she occupied in February, 1726. Philip Schuyler was twice married. His first marriage is recorded in the Dutch Church of New York as follows, translated from the Dutch : "July 25. 1687, Philip Schuyler, young man, of New Albany, to Elizabeth De Meyer, young maid, of New York, the first residing at New Albany, the second here." His second marriage is recorded in the Dutch Church of Albany : " 19. May 17 19. Capt. Philip Schuyler, widower of Eliza beth De Meyer, and Mrs. Catharine Schierph, widow of Ritsiert Brower, after having been proclaimed three times, were united in matrimony in presence of J. Staats, J. Rose- boom and J. Schuyler, elders, at the bride's residence." The record of Philip Schuyler's marriage in New York is in conflict with my sketch of his life in one particular. The record states that he resided at Albany at the time of his marriage, 1687, and I say that he had left Albany be fore 1686, and lived in New York and Kingston for sev eral subsequent years. My authority is contained in the Albany city records. On June 27, 1699, a committee re ported the names of such persons who were then residents of Albany, but who " were not actually inhabitants of the city when the charter was obtained," 1686. Among the names so, reported was that of Philip Schuyler, and he 288 NICHOLAS DE MEYER. was not yet "possessed of his freedom." He may not have been in New York any considerable time before his marriage, and still considered Albany his residence. As this is my own branch of the Schuyler family, it is my purpose to .give brief sketches of my maternal ances tors, however far back I may find them. This line of in quiry will lead me into many of the Dutch families of the " Olden Time," and serve to make the reader acquainted with some names almost forgotten, as well as to refresh his memory with those of some celebrities. The first in order is the father of Philip Schuyler's first wife, Nicholas De Meyer. De Meyer was not a Dutchman. In the records of his marriage he is called Nicholas Meyer Van Hamborg. In the tax-list of the same year he appears as Nicholas Van Holstein, and in various legal papers and other records he is named Nicholas de Meyer Van Holstein. He signed himself N. D Meijer. When he came to New Netherland is not known, but probably not long after 1650. He was a taxable inhabitant of New Amsterdam in 1655, and was then rated among the well-to-do citizens. June 6, 1655, he married Lydia, daughter of Hendrick Van Dyck, a former military and civil officer of the West India Company. According to tradition, as recorded in the Valentine Manuals, the wedding ceremonies were en livened by a scene not usual on such occasions. A former suitor of the bride intruded himself among the guests, and forced a quarrel on the bridegroom, with whom he came to blows. He was thrust out from the house, but the fes tivities, so rudely interrupted, came to an end, and the company dispersed. De Meyer had come to New Netherland to improve his NICHOLAS DE MEYER. 289 fortunes, and did not suffer the unfortunate occurrence at his wedding, or the excitement of the military preparations for the subjugation of the Swedes on the Delaware, or the Indian invasion and its calamities, to divert him from his purpose. He prosecuted his business with energy and success. In 1658 he added the manufacture of flour to his merchandise, and bought of Jacob Van Couwenhoven a "stone house, mill, and lot," situate on what is now known as South William Street, propelled not by water or steam, but by the only power known in fatherland, the winds. His business transactions required the assistance of notaries and lawyers, who sometimes charged him more than legal fees — a practice not unknown to the profession in these days. He was not disposed to submit to such " extortions," as he termed them, and complained to the director-general and Council. On one occasion he made an exhibit, which is curious and instructive and is as fol lows : The legal fees were For a petition 3 guilders, charged by the Notary 14 guilders. For a written conclusion 3 " " " " 12 " For a replication 2 " " " " 12 " For a deduction 6 " " " " 12 For inventory of documents . 3 " " " "12 " His operations were extended over the province, and in 1 66 1 he owned real estate taken for debts in Albany, and claims secured by mortgages against several persons of that city and Schenectady. The next year he bought some land at Haerlem, and began farming, employing an overseer, who was unfaithful and absconded in his debt. In Decem ber, 1663, he was at Wiltwyck (Esopus) buying grain for his mill. The Indian war in that locality had obliged the authorities to make some stringent regulations for the se curity of the lives and property of the people, among them an order forbidding any one to go to the redoubt on the Vol. IL— ig 290 NICHOLAS DE MEYER. river without an escort. On December 2d the lieutenant commanding reported, " that Jeronimus Ebbing, Nicholas De Meyer, and Frederick (Philipse), the Hon*"'' Com pany's late carpenter, went down unescorted to the Re doubt with six wagon loads of grain." Nicasius de Sille, the fiscal, immediately lodged a complaint against them, and demanded that a fine of twenty guilders each should be imposed. After hearing their defence the court de ferred sentence until the lieutenant had made a farther report. The records are silent as to any other action. In 1664 he was one of the schepens (aldermen) of the city. When the English ships appeared in the harbor, and Colonel Nicoll summoned New Amsterdam to surren der, he took an active part in bringing about the transfer of all New Netherland to the English crown. The pro ceedings by the West India Company in Holland on the loss of their possessions gave De Meyer and his wife some notoriety. The Company complained to the States-Gen eral of their director-general, whom they had so long sus tained against the charges brought against him by Van der Donck and the best citizens of the colony, alleging that he had betrayed his trust, and had lost the province without a proper defence. In his justification Stuyvesant produced several good and weighty reasons for his action, and among them, that the citizens were in danger of being plundered by the soldiers, who were supposed to be their defenders. For the truth of this allegation it was proved that the soldiers had said ; " We know well where booty is to be got, and where the young women reside who wear cliains of gold ; " " and on one occasion a troop of soldiers had collected in front of De Meyer's house in order to plunder it, but were prevented by the burghers." On the other hand, the Company proved that the " wife of De Meyer, on her way out of the fort, said she wished to be NICHOLAS DE MEYER. 29 1 on her guard whenever she saw soldiers ; now, the rascals will fight as they have nothing to lose, while we must lose all our property in case of a collision." De Meyer took the oath of allegiance to the English in the following October, and prosecuted his business as usual with uniform success. He visited Holland in 1668, and with other New Yorkers freighted a ship with mer chandise for New York, but, \vhen she was about ready to sail, there came an order in Council of the English Gov ernment prohibiting farther traffic between Holland and her former colony. The charterers petitioned for relief, and were so far successful that the order was modified in favor of their ship for that voyage only. The extent and prosperity of De Meyer's business may be inferred from his presenting for record, two years later, to the court of sessions at the little village of Gravesend, sixteen mort gages and deeds, amounting to '' nineteen thousand guild ers, seven hundred schepels of wheat, two hundred and forty blades of tobacco, and three farms." After the Dutch had regained possession of New York, in 1673, they saw the importance of placing it in a com plete state of defence against any assault of the English. For this purpose a large amount of moifey was required, which could only be furnished by the citizens. To raise it by tax would be oppressive, to borrow it on the faith of the government impossible ; and the governor and Coun cil resorted to the expedient of a forced loan by the most affluent inhabitants. A commission was appointed to compile a list of the "best and most affluent persons," with a valuation of their estates, and their report is among the records of the State. There are sixty-two names on the list, with the valuation of their estates in Holland cur rency. Frederick Philipse is assessed at 80,000 guilders ; De Meyer and Cornelis Steenwyck at 50,000 each ; Jeroni- 292 NICHOLAS DE MEYER. mus Ebbing, 30,000 ; Olof Stevense Van Cortlandt, 45,000 ; Jacob Leisler, 15,000 ; and Nicholas Bayard, 10,000. The majority were placed at less than 5,000, while some were as low as 1,200. Nearly all were Dutch, very few English names appearing on the roll. Two years later, when the province had been returned to the English, a tax was levied to pay the city debts and for other purposes. There were now three hundred names on the list, several of them were English and assessed for considerable amounts. Cornelis SteenvYyck now leads in valuation, being assessed at ^4,000 ; while Philipse falls into the second class, being rated the same as Leisler, Van Cortlandt, and two others, at ;^3,ooo ; Nicholas Bayard pays on only ;^i,5oo, and Ebbing on ^1,000. De Meyer's name is not on the list. As mayor he signed the warrant of the collector, but escaped taxation. Did the assessors omit him out of respect to his office ? or did his official position enable him to avoid the tax ? De Meyer was appointed mayor by Governor Andros, and served one year, 1676, having previously been an al derman for three years. He was nominated to the Coun cil by Governor Dongan in 1687, and appointed by the king in January,* 1689, but did not take the oath of office, for he died before the arrival of Governor Sloughter, in March, 1691. In politics he was opposed to Leisler, but, like his friend, Philipse, he was too rich to be active and pronounced. Already old, he did not wish to endanger his estate. In the riots of 1690 Leisler's soldiers were dis posed to make him a visit, but were resisted by one Palm er, who stood within the door, with sword and pistol in his hands, and bid them be off. De Meyer was an officer in the militia, and rose to the rank of major. He and his family were members of the Dutch Church in regular standing. HENDRICK VAN DYCK. 293 He was twice married ; first to Lydia Van Dyck, and sec ondly to Sarah, widow of John Wickleson. He had three sons and three daughters baptized in the church, but in his will he mentions only five children. His will is dated May 4, 1689, and was proved on March 31, 1692. He be queaths to his " wife Sarah, widow of John Wickleson," all whatsoever he had agreed to in the marriage-contract. The. remainder of hisfcstate, "whether here, in England, Hol land, or elsewhere," he divides equally between his chil dren — William, Henricus, Anna Catrina, Deborah, and Elizabeth. William De Meyer resided at Kingston, and Henry was a prosperous merchant of New York. Their descendants are said to be quite numerous. Lydia Van Dyck, the mother of Nicholas De Meyer's children, carries me back another generation, to relate some incidents in the life of her father, Hendrick Van Dyck, who is an historical character of no enviable repu tation. I hope to make it appear, however, that he was not so black as historians have painted him. Hendrick Van Dyck Came to New Netherland, in 1639 or 1640, in the ser vice of the West India Company as ensign commandant of their troops. Under the unwise administration of Kieft, the Indians became very troublesome and hostile. Early in the year 1642, Kieft determined to chastise them, and for that purpose organized an expedition to penetrate their country and destroy their villages. Van Dyck was placed in command of eighty men, and with a guide marched into what is now Westchester County, where he was assured that he should find the enemy. Before he reached the Indian village, a dark and stormy night 294 HENDRICK VAN DYCK. closed around him. The guide lost his way, and Van Dyck his temper ; a halt was ordered, arid finally a re treat. He returned to New Amsterdam without having seen an Indian, and apparently without result. Not so, however, for the Indians soon discovered how narrowly they had escaped destruction, and made overtures for peace. Kieft was not satisfied with his abprtive attempt to chastise the savages for their alleged perfidy and atroci ties. The next year these same Indians, and others liv ing farther north, were driven from their villages by a raid of the Mohawks. They fled to the Dutch for safety, and encamped at Corlaer's Hook and at Pavonia. Kieft, believing that his time had come for vengeance, without giving any notice to the farmers and outlying settlements, and against the advice of the best men in New Amster dam, directed two detachments of citizens and soldiers to fall on the unsuspecting Indians in the night and butcher them in their sleep. A large number of savages — men, ¦women, and children — were killed at both encampments. This perfidy against a people who in time of peace had sought protection and safety, aroused the anger of the neighboring tribes, and they combined to exterminate the Dutch. In a brief time the farms and plantations were burned, and the people who were not killed or captured fled for safety under the guns of Fort Amsterdam. The Indians were bold and watchful, keeping their enemies shut up in narrow limits. Van Dyck, while stationing the guard not far from the fort, was shot and wounded in in the arm, narrowly escaping death, the bullet having grazed his breast. The next year, 1644, was made memorable by the slaughter of large numbers of the savages on Long Isl and and on the eastern borders of Westchester County. HENDRICK VAN DYCK. 295 After a raid against the Indians on Long Island, in which over a hundred of them were killed, one hundred and thirty troops were put under the command of Captain Underbill, of New England, now in the Dutch service, as he had been years before in Holland, and of Ensign Van Dyck, with orders to penetrate into the country on the bor ders of this province and Connecticut, and to destroy a large Indian village said to be situated a few miles north of the sound. They landed at Greenwich, and the next day took up their line of march to the interior. Their guide was faithful, and conducted them straight to the Indian camp. They cautiously approached it on a bright, moon light night, but, being discovered, they rushed forward and . completely surrounded it before the Indians had time to fly. The savages fought wdth desperation, and in a brief time one hundred and eighty of their warriors lay dead upon the snow outside their cabins. The torch was then applied, and the village, with its living occupants — men, women, and children — was burned to the ground. Five hundred Indians were killed — some writers place the num ber at seven hundred ; only eight escaped. The loss of the Dutch was slight, fifteen being wounded. This severe chastisement lowered the pride of the sav ages, and they sued for peace. Kieft lent a willing ear to their solicitations, and in the following year concluded with all the Indian tribes a peace which continued until 1655. Meantime Van Dyck returned to Holland, and on June 28, 1645, was appointed fiscal of New Netherland. Kieft had proved himself incompetent, and the Company resolved to recall him. Petrus Stuyvesant was appointed to his place. But there were various delays, and the new officials did not sail from Holland until the close of the year 1646. On the voyage, for some unknown reason, Stuyvesant treated Van Dyck rudely and impolitely. At 296 HENDRICK VAN DYCK. one time, when Van Dyck proposed to take his seat with the Council on shipboard, Stuyvesant repulsed him with the remark, " Get out ! When I want you I'll call you." At Curacjoa he confined him on board the ship for threu weeks, while others, even the meanest soldiers, were al lowed to land. Van Dyck believed that this was done, lest he, by virtue of his office and according to his instruc tions, should interfere in some business which Stuyves ant preferred to do alone. On their arrival at Manhattan the director-general pursued the same course of treat ment. He did not consult him as member of Council, ex cept when it suited his pleasure or convenience. He in terfered with the higher duties of his office, and assigned him work which a slave could perform, and in various other ways made his official life a burden. When Adrian Van der Donck was in Holland, as repre sentative of the people of New Netherland, to solicit a bet ter government, he sharply assailed the acts and characters of the colonial officials — none more than those of Stuyve sant and his secretary. Van Tienhoven, and said of Van Dyck, in July, 1649 : "Director Stuyvesant excluded him twenty-nine months from the Council board, for the reason among others, as his Honor stated, that he could not keep a secret. He also declared that he was a villain, a scoundrel, a thief. All this is well known to the Fiscal, but he dare not adopt the right course in the matter ; and in our opinion, 'tis not advisable for him to do so ; for he is a man wholly intol erable alike in words and deeds. His head is a trouble to him, and his Screw is loose, especially when surrounded by a little sap in the wood." Stuyvesant, apparently to justify his treatment of Van Dyck, accused him of drunkenness and inattention to the duties of his office, which called out a rebuke from the HENDRICK VAN DYCK. 297 Company, in which they allude to his " respectable friends." Van Dyck, forbearing as he was, and, above all things, de siring peace and harmony in the official family, at last be gan to feel that he was being pushed to the wall by his enemies witho"ut cause. He had held aloof from the op position against the director-general, and had not united with Van der Donck and other leading men in their cele brated remonstrance on the condition and misgovern ment of New Netherland. But now, in 1650, he joined the vice-director, Van Dincklage, in an energetic protest against the " excesses of Director Stuyvesant." For this, although other reasons are assigned, he was arbitrarily dismissed from his office on March 29, 1692. The long-suffering fiscal was now fairly aroused. In his Defence, a very able paper, addressed to the States- General, he assails the administration of Stuyvesant as autocratic and arbitrary to the last degree. With bitter sarcasm he exposes Stuyvesant's pretensions of having dis missed him "for the good of^is Lords Superiors," and then having appointed such a man as his secretarj', Van Tien hoven, in his place.' He denies that he was the author of the lampoon which was made the excuse for his dismissal, and asserts that it was concocted in the office of Van Tien hoven by himself and clerk for this very purpose. He denies the testimony of certain witnesses against him, and charges, as can be proven, that they were the creatures of ' Van Dyck sent with his Defence sworn statements as to the immo rality and general bad character of Van Tienhoven, which must have made a profound impression on the Lords Superiors. They directed Stuyvesant to dismiss him from office, and when at a later period they found that he was still retained, they wrote to Stuyvesant : "We are greatly surprised you can plead his cause so earnestly. This has displeased us ; and our displeasure must increase, if, contrary to our instructions and orders, you continue to employ him for any purpose whatever." Van Tienhoven soon after disappeared. It is supposed that he drowfled himself. 298 HENDRICK VAN DYCK. the director-general and his secretary, and unworthy of belief. As Stuyvesant had reported that he was disrnissed on account of misbehavior, by the advice and consent of the select-men whose names were signed to the paper notify ing him of his dismissal, he asserted that the select-men had held a meeting in August, at which they declared by resolution that " no complaints were ever made to them by the commonalty of misbehavior, and they themselves had nothing to say against him or his conversation." They also said that they refused their consent to his dismissal, and did not sign the paper. He closes his defence with a letter from the Company to him, written before their knowledge of Stuyvesant's action in his case, in which they give him some sharp re bukes for his alleged delinquencies ; and his reply. In this letter he gives conclusive evidence that his " screw " was not loose, or surrounded by "sappy wood." It is keen, incisive, ironical. His Defence is long and able. It shows him to have been a man of more than ordinary abil ity and of good education. He does not deny that he has faults, but exonerates himself from the charges preferred against him, and places Stuyvesant and his friend. Van Tienhoven, on their defence. The proofs against the latter were so full and convincing that the Company ordered him to be dismissed from his employments. Stuyvesant was retained, and Van Dyck was not restored. Hence forth he did not " trouble himself with the cares of office," but lived many years in private life as an " honorable gentleman." The Indian invasion of New Amsterdam in 1655 was the occasion of bringing Van Dyck's name again into prominence. Historians, from O'Callighan and Brodhead to Mrs. Booth and Mrs. Lamb, in their narratives of that disastrous war, have made him the responsible cause. HENDRICK VAN DYCK. 299 While Stuyvesant was on his expedition against the Swedes of Delaware, the Indians living on the river to the north formed an encampment on Manhattan Island, and early in the morning of September 15, 1655, five hundred warriors landed from sixty-four canoes near the fort, with in the city limits, and began a search for " Indians from the North." (More likely they were searching for rum.) They broke into houses before the occupants were out of their beds, and in some instances abused the people by words and blows. La Montagne and Van Tienhoven, to whom Stuyvesant had committed the government in his absence, sent for the chiefs to meet them in the fort. During the conference, which does not seem to have been unfriendly or exciting, the Indians promised to withdraw to Nutten Island, that collisions with the citizens might be avoided. But, being joined by another detachment of two hundred, they did not keep their promise, but lin gered in the streets and on the river-shore until evening. It is quite certain that they did not remain a whole day, in a town where rum was kept in every house and place of business, without getting more or less intoxicated. Be t-ween eight and nine o'clock they made a rush up Broad- vpay, and passing the house of Paulus Leendertsen Van der Grist, who was standing with his wife before the door, threatened to kill him, but passing on they wounded Van Dyck with an arrow, as he was standing in his garden- gate. They were evidently on a drunken frolic, caring little for consequences. Their assault on Van Dyck and his neighbor caused an alarm, and the cry was raised, " The savages are murdering the Dutch ! " when the citi zens, seizing their arms, hastily assembled at the fort. The Indians, after their rush through the streets, returned to their landing-place. The armed citizens were then permitted to leave the fort and assault them, and in the 300 HENDRICK VAN DYCK. conflict which ensued two Dutchmen and three Indians were killed. The savages took to their canoes, and, smart ing under their loss, they passed over the river and at tacked the Dutch, whom they now looked upon as ene mies. They laid waste the farms on the New Jersey shore and on Staten Island, killing fifty of the inhabi tants and making more than an hundred prisoners. The loss in property of the Dutch was estimated at more than 200,000 guilders. Several historians, in their narratives of these events, apparently without consulting the original records, attrib ute the invasion to Hendrick Van Dyck as the cause, but cite no authority." They say that he killed a squaw whom he caught stealing peaches from his garden, and that he shot her as he would a dog. The story is embellished with inci dents according to the imaginations of the several writers. Some relate that the Indians, to the number of nineteen hundred or two thousand, landed from sixty-four canoes," for the purpose of taking vengeance on Van Dyck for the murder of the Indian woman. Most confine themselves to the fact of wounding him with an arrow, but one, more daring than the rest, says that they killed him. The accounts given by the actors and their contempo raries are doubtless more trustworthy than those of writ ers two hundred years afterwards. La Montagne and Van Tienhoven, members of the Council, were on the spot, and active participants in all that occurred before the In dians passed to the west shore of the river. The latter ' Not one of the numerous authors telling the story, whose books I have read, give their authority ; not one refers to the records. The charge against Van Dyck may be true, but I have failed to find the proof. ' These canoes must have been much larger than the average to hold thirty persons each. Few would accommodate more than ten individuals each ; the more usual size would not hold as many. "Two thousand war riors in sixty-four canoes" discredits the story. HENDRICK VAN DYCK. 3OX was a bitter enemy of Van Dyck's, and had no reason to shield him from blame or responsibility. In their letter to the director-general, written the day after the affair, they say that many Indians from the upper and lower Hudson had made an assault on the Dutch, and had " ¦wounded Hendrick Van Dyck, standing in his garden- gate, with an arrow, but not mortally, and came very near cleaving Paulus Leendertsen's head with an axe as he stood by his wife." No reason is assigned for the sudden out break or for the assault. If they were seeking Van Dyck to kill him, why did they try to kill his innocent neighbor, and only slightly wound him, the offender ? If it were Van Dyck they were after, why did they not seek him out during the day, and after killing him depart? He did not seem conscious of their hate or of his own danger, or he w^as brave thus to expose his person at his garden-gate. Perhaps he was watching his peaches ! On receipt of this disastrous intelligence, Stuyvesant hastened his return from the Delaware to console and en courage the poor people, " his subjects." After he had had abundant time to investigate all the circumstances re lating to the invasion on October 31st, he and his Council wrote to the States-General and the Company, giving a detailed statememt of the irruption, in which they say : " On September 15 th, at a very early hour, sixty-four ca noes full of savages arrived in the neighborhood of the city," and then go on to re'late the occurrences of the day, including the wounding of Van Dyck and the 'threatening of Leendertsen, but do not refer to the number of the In dians or the cause of the sudden outbreak, except that it was " in keeping with their insolence and treachery ever since the peace of 1645, having killed ten persons and de stroyed much property." A few days later the director-general submitted to the 302 HENDRICK VAN DYCK. Council, for their vpritten opinions, the question of imme diate war against the Indians, the community being di vided on the subject — some urging a war of extermination to begin at once, while others were in favor of delay for thorough preparation. Stuyvesant, as was his custom, gave his own views and conclusions on the questions sub mitted, in which he says : " We agree with the general opinion, that the Indians upon their first arrival had no other intentions than to fight the Indians on the east end of Long Island, and that careless watching and all too hasty inconsiderateness of some hot-headed indi^^iduals diverted them and gave them a cause for their subsequent actions." La Montagne thought that there was sufficient cause for war, " by the unseasonable gathering here of nineteen hundred savages, of whom eight hundred were already here, to attack fifty or sixty," but they had "given more than sufficient cause heretofore by murdering ten of our people." Van Tienhoven believed there was cause for war for sev eral reasons, but more especially " because that on Sep tember iSth, early in the morning, five hundred of them, all in arms, landed from sixty-four canoes within the city limits, and, being joined during the day by two hundred more, they ran through the streets in crowds, searching houses, beating the people, wounding Van Dyck, and threatening to kill Paulus Leendertsen." De Sille was absent with the Delaware expedition, and had little to say except to agree with the director-general in his opinion. All agree, however, that it was not a fit ting time to begin hostilities, as there should be time given in which to make preparations and receive an answer to their appeal to the States-General and the Company. There is not an intimation by any one, that the Indians HENDRICK VAN DYCK. 303 came to wreak their vengeance on Van Dyck, or that he vvas the cause of a visitation which proved so disastrous. Considering his relations with Stuyvesant and Van Tien hoven, it is remarkably strange that, had he been the re sponsible cause, they should not have arraigned him in their letters, or in their own confidential communications with each other. That Stuyvesant did not hold him cul- ¦ pable further appears from a letter of the Company in re ply to one of his, under date of December 19, 1656. Re ferring to Van Tienhoven, they say : " Any one who will reflect upon his late transactions as to the savages will confess that, being very drunk, he was the chief cause of that doleful massacre. It is quite clear he might have pre vented it." How should the Company have spoken so emphatically, unless they had received reliable informa tion from Stuyvesant or some one else ? Such must have been the sentiment of the community at the time. In a postscript to the same letter, they write : " We un derstand, from letters and oral reports brought to us by private persons, that the late Attorney-General (Fiscal) Van Dyck was the first cause of this deplorable massacre, by murdering a squaw who stole some peaches or other fruits from his garden. If this is the truth, then we are greatly surprised it was not mentioned in your letters, not even with a single word — much more so, that he was not punished as a murderer. To this we call your prompt at tention, and recommend his execution." It will be noticed that the Company say, if these reports are true, Van Dyck should be punished, but they do not recall or modify their charge against Van Tienhoven as the responsible party. In the light thrown upon the subject by these letters and records, there can be little doubt that the Indians did not visit New Amsterdam with hostile intentions, but merely stopped on the war-path against their enemies on 304 HENDRICK VAN DYCK. Long Island for refreshments or other purposes. Van Dyck may have killed a squaw, as charged, for Indian life, from the beginning, in New England and elsewhere on the continent, until now, has been considered cheap ; nor could the Indians have seriously blamed him, judging him by their own law of retaliation. They would have been likely to have thought the woman's death was some compensation for the ten lives of Dutch men and women they had wantonly taken since the peace. I cannot but think that the accusation against Van Dyck was an after thought of the real culprit to shift the responsibility from his own shoulders. As to the number of the invaders, it is clear that the authors who have placed them at nineteen hundred or two thousand are in error, and particularly those who term them warriors all armed. It is true. La Montagne says " nineteen hundred gathered here, of whom nearly eight hundred were already here." This sentence can only be explained or understood by supposing the "here" first used to mean Manhattan Island, and the second " here " to mean New Amsterdam. This interpretation is sustained by Van Tienhoven, who expressly declared " there landed from sixty-four canoes about five hundred men," and adds, " in the evening they were joined by two hundred more," making the whole number "nearly eight hundred," as estimated by La Montagne. The conclusion is, that they formed an encampment on the island of Manhattan be longing to the Dutch, " without previous notice," of nine teen hundred men, women, and children, whence their warriors, in detachments of five hundred and two hundred, started on an expedition against the Long Island Indians. It is surprising that anyone should have put the number of the invaders at " about two thousand armed warriors in sixty-four canoes ; " equally marvellous that, in the face of HENDRICK VAN DYCK. 305 the records and all other authors, it should be said that they " killed Van Dyck." One cannot but wonder that, if there were nineteen hundred, coming with hostile intent, they should have been driven off by " fifty or sixty " citizens ; for these were all, capable of bearing arms, who had been left by Stuyvesant to defend the city. Van Dyck was living at least thirty years afterward, having survived his great opponent, Stuyvesant, many years, and nearly all the associates of his early life. After the death of his wife, Deivertje, he married, in May, 1675, the widow of Jacob Van Couwenhoven. In 1680 he made a deed of a part of his Broadway property to his son Cor nelis. He was not idle when out of politics, but wag known as a thrifty man, dealing in real estate and loaning money. If he had loved the bottle, as Stuyvesant charged, he reformed and became a good citizen, living to a good old age. In his will, dated August 13, 1685, and proved March 20, 1688, he mentioned one son and three daugh ters. His son Cornelis was a physician, and settled in Albany. He died at an earlj' age, leaving two sons, both of whom adopted the profession of their father. Their descendants are numerous, and it is now difficult to dis tinguish them from those of the same name, whose ances tors settled, one in Delaware, and another on Long Island. Vol. IL — 20 GENEALOGICAL TABLE. Descendants of Philip Schuyler (Second). [Direct line.'\ I. PHILIP SCHUYLER and Margarita Van Slichtenhorst, m. in Bever wyck (Albany), December I2, 1650 ; had ten children, of whom Philip was the eighth, and the fifth son, who was born February 8, 1666, and died May 24, 1724. He married, 1st, Elizabeth De Meyer, in New York, July 25, 1687. 2d, Mrs. Catharine Schierph, widow of Ritsiert Brouwer, in Albany, May ig, I7ig. 2. PHILIP SCHUYLER and Elizabeth De Meyer. 3. Nicholas, b. in New York, September 11, i6gi, d. July 3, 1748. m. I, December 2, 1 7 14, Elsie Wendel, m. 2, Mary Stephenson, His first wife d. April 8, 1744 ; his second survived him. 3. NICHOLAS SCHUYLER and Elsie Wendel, 4. Elizabeth, b. September 4, 1715, d. December 5, I7gs. m. Jochim Staats. 5. Philip, b. October 17, 1717, d. a. p. April 2g, I73g, at Oswego. 6. Ariantia, b. March 6, 1720, d. October 17, 1763. m. Killiarh Van Rensselaer. 7. Harmanus, b. January 27, 1722, d. September 27, 1722. 8. Catharine, b. August 11, 1723, d. at an advanced age. m. John Jacob Lansing. g. A daughter, b. August 18, 1725, d. next day. 10. Harmanus, b. April 2, 1727, d. September i, I7g6. m. September 24, 1754, Christina Ten Broeck, II. Johannes, b. January 3, 1733, d. s. p. October 28, 1755. DESCENDANTS OF PHILIP SCHUYLER (SECOND). 307 10. HARMANUS SCHUYLER and Christina Ten Broeck, 12. Nicholas, b. June 13, 1755, d. s. p. November, 1824. m. August 13, 1782, Shinah Simons, at Lancaster, Pa. 13. Samuel, b. November 17, 1757, d. s. p. January, 1832. 14. Elsie, b. February 5, 1760, d. 183S. I m. I, June 15, 1783, Dr. Nicholas N, Bogart, of New York. m. 2, June 24, I78g, James Van Rensselaer, 15. Dirck, b. November 2g, 1761, d. s. p. June, 181 1. 16. John H., b. July 30, 1763, d. August 18, 1846. m. I, June 6, 1786, Hendrika Fort. m. 2, June 10, 1800, Annatje Fort, d. January, 1851. 17. Maria, b. February i, 1766, d. October 18, 1767. 18. Philip, b. December 12, 1767, d. August 25, I76g. 19. Maria, b. April 25, I76g, d. March 25, 1812. m. I, November 22, I7g3, David Van Rensselaer. m. 2, January I, 1800, Nicholas Ten Broeck. 20. Philip, b. August 21, 1771. m. Mary Palmer, 16. JOHN H. SCHUYLER and Hendrika Fort, 21. Harmanus, b. March 7, 1787, d. May 14, 1853. m. August, 1813, Eleanor Speer, 22. Jacob Fort, bp. June 3, i78g. m. , went to New Orleans, and not heard from after 1822. 23. Nicholas, bp. February 27, I7gi, d. a. p. December, 1812. 24. Alexander Hamilton, b. September 12, I7g2, d. March 4, 1853. m. November 7, 1813, Eleanor Giltner, 25. John Bradstreet, b. July, I7g4, d. i83g. m. September, 1818, Esther Mandeville, 26. Henrietta Ann, b. August 2, i7g5, d. Nov. 21, 1875. m. Philip S, Van Rensselaer, d. May, 1862. 16. JOHN H. SCHUYLER and Annatje Fort. 27. Peter Quidor, b. April 21, 1801, d. i860. m. September 10, 1829, Maria Ten Broeck, 28. James Van Rensselaer, b. June 27, 1802. m. February 13, i82g, Mrs, Julia Mc Chain Ketcham, 29. Henry Ten Broeck, b. April 12, 1804. m. January 8, 185 1, Sarah White, d. 1875. 30. Philip Church, b. October 13, 1805, d. July 16, 1872. m. I, January 13, 1832, Lucy M. Dix, d. 1855. m. 2, May, l86o, Louisa Bigelow. 308 DESCENDANTS OF PHILIP SCHUYLER (SECOND). 31. Abraham Fort, b. August 20, 1807, d. y. 32. George Washington, b. February 2, 1810. m. April 18, i83g, Matilda Scribner, 33. Catherine Angelica, b. December 17, 1812. m. October 18, 1848, Nicholas Bleecker, 34. Rebecca Sarah Margaret, b. March 2, 1815. 20. PHILIP SCHUYLER and Mary Palmer, ' 35. Christina, b. May 28, 1803, d. 1822, unmarried. 36. Beriah Philip, b. February 24, 1806, d. April, 1822. 37. Deborah Palmer, b. April 8, 1808. m. Dr, Ira Dimmick. 21. HARMANUS SCHUYLER and Eleanor Speer. 38. Nicholas, b. August 5, 1815, d. s. p. 1833. 39. Mary, b. March 15, 1817. m. November 3, i83g, Abraham Van Home. 40. John, b. January 8, i8ig. m. October 6, 1841, Caroline Vanatta, 41. Teunis Speer, d. 42. Alexander Hamilton, b. September 14, 1822, d. a prisoner of war in Andersonville prison. m. 1853, Abby Clapp. 43. Henry Ten Broeck, b. May 3, 1824, killed in Grant's cam paign in Virginia. m, 1856, Amino Monroe, 44. A daughter, d. y. 45. A daughter, d. y. 46. Speer, b. July 11, 1831. 47. Cheery Ann, b. February 26, 1833. m. October 27, 1851, Edwin E, Southwell, 48. Rachel, b. April 14, 1835. 49. Ariantia, b. June 23, 1837. 22. JACOB FORT SCHUYLER and . 50. A daughter, d. y. 24. ALEXANDER HAMILTON SCHUYLER and Eleanor Gittner. 51. Henrietta, b. August i, 1814. m. December 2, 1832, Abel Burritt, 52. Cornelia, b. May 15, 1817. m. September 9, 1835, Schuyler Van Rensselaer, 53. Jane, b. January 25, 1819. m. February ig, 1851, Robert Schackelton. 54. Susan, b. May 2, 1821. m. January i, 1845, Grant Wheeler. 55. Philip Church, b. August 6, 1823. m. June 28, 1854, Ann Kispauw. DESCENDANTS OF PHILIP SCHUYLER (SECOND). 309 56. James Fort, b. May 29, 1828. m. March I, 185 1, Catherine Smith. S7. Julia, b. May 30, 1831. m. July 4, 1851, Earl Lucas. 25. JOHN BRADSTREET SCHUYLER and Esther Mandeville. 58. Rensselaer, b. July 4, 1819. 59. Charles W., b. July 7, 1820. m. Rundle. 60. Catherine, b. 1825. m. J. W. Marcellus, 61. Amos, b. 1831, d. s. p. 1843. 62. George W., b. 1834. m. C, E, McDowell, 27. PETER QUIDOR SCHUYLER and Maria Ten Broeck, 63. John Edwin, b. September 16, 1831. m. April 27, 1871, Ann E. Stevenson. 64. Nicholas Ten Broeck, b. December 4, 1833. m. September 24, 1871, Martha A, Griffin, 65. Anne H., b. October 18, 1835. m. May 27, 1868, George W. Bodle, 28. JAMES V. R. SCHUYLER and Mrs. Julia McChain Ketcham. 66. Ann Eliza, b. November 24, i82g. m. June I, 1847, F^dward Stoddard. 67. E^VELINE Fort, b. September 22, 1831, d. y. 68. John James, b. July 12, 1833, d. s. p. 69. Lucy Anne, b. January, 1835, d. y. 29. HENRY TEN BROECK SCHUYLER and Sarah White, 70. Sage White, b. July 15, 1854. 71. Kate White, b. July 4, 1856. m. October 17, 1877, William A, Church, 30. PHILIP C. SCHUYLER and Lucy M. Dix. 72. Sophia Angelica, b. November 15, 1832, d. March 28, 1837. 73. Susan Mann, b. May 6, 1834. m. September 17, 1855, Marcus Lyon, 74. Philip Church, b. December 4, 1835. m. June 5, 1867, Lucy Sophia Hurd. 75. Gerrit Smith, b. April 24, 1837, d. August i, 1S38. 76. Lucy Matilda, b. December 6, 1838. m. Sept. 26, i860, Dr. Edwin P. Sheldon, d. May 3, 1862. 310 DESCENDANTS OF PHILIP SCHUYLER (SECOND). 77. Frederick, b. June i, 1841, d. in Dakota, June 16, 1884. m. May 3, 1865, Nellie M, Farmon. 78. Sarah, b. December 31, 1842. m. December 25, 1862, Warren W, H. Lawrence. 79. Howard, b. December 11, 1844, d. December 3, 1883. m. February 5, 1875, Fanny Kemble Brannan. 80. James Dix, b. May 11, 1848. 32. GEORGE W. SCHUYLER and Matilda Scribner. 81. Eugene, b. February 26, 1840. m. July 13, 1877, Gertrude Wallace King. 82. Martha, b. August 3, 1842. m. December 2g, 1864, Chauncey L. Grant, Jr. 83. EvALYN, b. October 6, 1846. m. March 30, 1871, Charles Ashmead Schaeffer. 84. Walter Scribner, b. April 26, 1850. m. December 20, 1883, Mary Miller Gar diner. 85. Kate Bleecker, b. June 10, 1853, d. April 1, 1859. 40. JOHN SCHUYLER and Caroline Vanatta. 86. Harmon, b. January 22, 1843. 87. George Edward, b. August 6, 1844, d. 1865. 88. Mary Elizabeth, b. June 25, 1846. 8g. Sarah, b. April i, 1848. 90. Oren A., b. September 22, 1856. 91. Adeleert, b. May 14, 1864. 42. ALEXANDER H. SCHUYLER and Abby Clapp. 93. William, b. 1854. 94. Samuel, b. 1857. 95. Charles, b. i860. 96. Harmon, b. 1863. 43. HENRY T. B. SCHUYLER and Amina Monroe. 97. Alaric, b. November 8, 1857. 98. Lionel V., b. November 28, 1863. 55. PHILIP CHURCH SCHUYLER and Ann M. Kispauw. 99. Henrietta, b. March 25, 1855. m. December 20, 1872, George Besimer, 100. Fort A., b. September 25, 1856. loi. Ermina, b. April 26, 1859, d. y. 102. Philip Norman, b. January 17, 1863. 103. Allan A., b. August i, 1865. 104. Frederick J., b. September 29, i86g. DESCENDANTS OF PHILIP SCHUYLER (SECOND). 311 56. JAMES FORT SCHUYLER and Catharine Smith. 105. Ella, b. December 27, 1851. 106. Ada, b. May, 1857. 107. Minnie, b. 1863. 58. RENSSELAER SCHUYLER and . 108. John, b. i86r. 109. Emma, b. 1862. no. Frederick, b. 1864. III. Frank, b. 1866. 59. CHARLES W. SCHUYLER and Sarah Rundle. 112. Ann Jenette, b. 1852. 113. George W., b. 1856, d. y. 114. Caroline A,, b. 1862. 62. GEORGE W. SCHUYLER and C. E. McDowell. 115. Mary L., b. April 25, 1865. 116. Eugene L., b. October 16, 1871. 64. NICHOLAS T. B. SCHUYLER and Martha A. Griffin. 117. Benjamin G., b. June 27, 1872. 118. Lucy A., b. October 20, 1875. ug. Martha E., b. May 6, 1877. 74. PHILIP CHURCH SCHUYLER and Lucy Sophia Hurd. 120. Genevieve, b. November 7, 1868. , 121. Lucy Corbett, b. March ig, 1871. 122. Emily Failing, b. November i, 1872. 77. FREDERICK SCHU\'LER and Nellie M. Farmon. 123. Florence, b. September 2, 1866, d. December 21, 1877. 124. Philip Church, b. January 31, i86g, d. March 27, 1869. 125. Frederick, b. June 16, 1870. 126. Walter, b. July 3, 1874. 127. A SON, b. June, 1877. 79. HOWARD SCHUYLER and Fanny Kemble Brannan. 128. Adele Andree, d. y. 129. Philip Church. NOTES ON THE PRECEDING TABLE. Nicholas Schuyler (3) was a surveyor, and apparently confined himself strictly to the business of his profession. Lands under the old titles were not definitely bounded, and after a while every landholder found it necessary to have his limits accurately defined by a competent surveyor. Schuyler was among the first on the upper Hudson who ac quired sufficient knowledge of civil engineering to qualify him to run the lines and determine the boundaries as laid down in the deeds. For a time after his marriage he re sided in Albany, but soon removed to Schenectady, a more central point for his business ; yet his sei-vices were in fre quent request by the Albanians. The city itself, whose lands at Schaghticoke were sold or leased in small parcels, after a time found it necessary, in order to quiet conflict ing claims, to have the farms accurately surveyed, and fre quently called upon him for his services. He was the first named to run the lines in the division of the famous Sara toga Patent. Before he had reached his majority he accompanied his uncle. Colonel Peter Schuyler, in April, 17 11, to Onondaga, and assisted in the demolition of the block-house which the French had recently erected. It was an exciting experi ence, and gave him a foretaste of Indian life, without, how ever, drawing him away from the profession he had chos en. In 1727 he was elected to represent Schenectady in NICHOLAS SCHUYLER. 313 the Assembly of the province. This Assembly, the nine teenth, held only one short session, and was dissolved. Governor Burnet was not pleased, because in a series of resolutions it had presumed to attack the Court of Chan cery, in which, as its presiding judge, the governor, al though no lawyer, delighted to show his varied learning. He summaril}' dismissed the members to their homes, and called an election for a new house, which he was not per mitted to meet. He was sent to govern New England. Schuyler had not lost his taste for adventure, and in his intervals of leisure from his professional duties, like other young men of his times, used to go on trading expeditions among the Indians. On such journeys, in almost unknown regions and among the free traders of the forests, his tastes were gratified. More than this, he was successful in his ventures. Governor Burnet's law prohibiting trade in Indian goods with Canada was very obnoxious to New York importers and Albany merchants. They had no compunctions of conscience in evading its provisions when opportunities offered. Harmanus Wendell, one of Schuyler's brothers- in-law, although classed as a shoemaker, was also a trader. At one time he had in store a large stock of goods such as were required for the Indian trade by Canadian mer chants, and wished to dispose of them, law or no law. The Indian proselytes living near Montreal, in time of peace, were the camels of the desert, the freighters between Al bany and Canada, and, like camels, they required drivers or conductors. The Montreal merchant, when he wanted goods from Albany, hired some Indians, with their chief, and sent them to his correspondent in the latter city, who packed the goods on their backs, or in their canoes, and despatched them home under conductors of his own selec tion. A guard-house had been established near the great 314 NICHOLAS SCHUYLER. carrying place, on the route usually taken by the caravans, to intercept the forbidden trade, to arrest the carriers, and to seize the goods. On October 8, 1724, the governor, in New York, received a letter from the officer of the guard, stating that he had seized fifty-eight pieces of strouds, on the way to Canada, in charge of Nicholas Schuyler, Jacob Wendell, " and another whose face he could not see," with thirty Indians. After taking possession of the goods, and stamping on each piece the " broad arrow," they were forcibly taken from their custody by Schuyler and his company and carried off. The letter was accompanied with an affidavit of the sergeant of the guard, to the effect that, on first arresting them, he said to Wendell that he was sorry to see him there, who replied that " he had not been there but for his father." Harmanus Wendell was examined, so wrote the Commissioners of Indian Affairs, and admitted that he had sold to Schuyler and his son Jacob a parcel of strouds, and thought that perhaps they were for Canada. On being made acquainted with the facts, the Council ordered all the culpable parties to be prosecuted and punished accord ing to the law. Nothing more relating to the business appears in the Council minutes until three years later. Meantime the offensive law had been modified or repealed. The Assem bly, of which Nicholas Schuyler was a member, was then in session. The governor, in his message, had called upon them to provide means to liquidate the debt which he had incurred in the establishment of a fortified trading-house at Oswego, the cost of which, ^6,682, had far exceeded the estimates and the money provided by a former Legis lature. He was in a dilemma, for, contrary to law, he had proceeded with the work when the appropriation was ex hausted, and had created a debt which he said that he NICHOLAS SCHUYLER. 315 had paid out of his ovirn pocket. He now appealed to the Legislature to reimburse him. The Committee of Ways and Means, Robert Livingston, chairman, took a favorable view of the case, and reported a bill for his relief. The province was in debt, and it would not be prudent to raise the money by tax. Other means must be devised. Ap propriations to encourage the Indian trade, for securing the Indians to the British interests, for maintaining proper persons in the Indian country — each contributed a few hundred pounds ; the remainder on hand of fines and for feitures for trading with the French contrary to law, and the money yet to be collected for fines and forfeitures, helped ; and, lastly, Nicholas Schuyler and Jacob Wendell offered to pay_;^2oo for their transgression of the prohibi tory law, provided that their bonds were cancelled and the Legislature relieved them from all further costs and litigation. The bill was enacted into a law. Governor Burnet was relieved from his embarrassment, the trading- house in due time became a fort, Schuyler and Wendell were discharged from their bonds, and Harmanus Wen dell and his correspondent, Adolph Philipse, of New York, paid the bills. Nicholas Schuyler, as an engineer, was employed in building Fort Clinton, at Saratoga, in 1746, but his bill for services was not fully paid until after his death. His pro fession did not often bring him before the public, and his name only occasionally appears in the records. None of his letters and private papers are known to be in existence. Consequently there are no materials for an extended no tice. He died on July 3, 1758, and his will is filed in the clerk's office of the Court of Appeals. He disposed of his estate impartially among his children, having first pro vided liberally for his widow. His old Dutch Bible came to my hands a few years 3X6 NICHOLAS SCHUYLER. since. One cover and the entire book of Genesis were gone. Of course whatever records were on the first fly leaves — and there is reason to suppose they were full — were lost beyond recovery. In other parts of the book I found his own family records, and those of his son Har manus.' It was originally bound in boards covered with leather, " elaborately tooled," and finished with brass cor ner pieces and clasps. It must have been when new a very handsome book. It has been repaired, and is now in con dition to last two centuries longer. The title-page of the New Testament is so different from that of our English versions that a translation of it may be interesting : " The New Testament, or the Books of the New Cove nant of Our Lord, Jesus Christ. Published by authority of the High-Mighty Lords, the States General of the United Netherlands, and in conformity with the Decrees of the National Synod, held at Dordrecht, in the years 1618 and 1619. Faithfully translated out of the original Greek into the Netherland language. To which is added a commentary on the obscure passages, explaining them with corresponding texts ; and also a New Register. By the general orders of the Netherland Church corrected from errors in printing. Amsterdam. Aart Dirksz Oos- saan. Bookseller, on the Dam, 1687." On this title-page is an engraving representing the four Evangelists with their emblems, and the Apostle Paul, grouped around a table on which are books and writing materials. There are no other engravings or maps in the book. Elsie Wendel was the daughter of Jeronimus, son of Evert Janse Wendel, an emigrant from Emden. He re sided for a time in New Amsterdam, and there married in ' See Appendix. EVERT JANSE WENDEL. 317 July, 1644, Susanna du Trieux. He removed to Albany about 1658, where he engaged in the business of a cooper. Wills and other legal papers of the early days make known the trades, professions, and business pursuits of the first settlers. It is no disparagement to families of the present day to have it known that their first American ancestors were artisans, tradesmen, or farmers, and it is a false pride to conceal the fact. It was not the rich and noble who for the most part sought homes in the New World. Some there were who were forced to flee from persecution, and found a home in the wilds of America. Some few endeav ored to become the founders of colonies, and were gener ally disappointed. The less ambitious farmers and trades men prospered in their new homes, and many of them laid the foundations of eminence and wealth for their descendants. They were the founders of families. Albany for more than a hundred years was the centre of the Indian trade, and the base of military operations. Hence several trades, which were a necessity, were the sourpes of large profits. Coopers were required to supply the large demand for the small portable kegs for rum car ried by the traders into the interior, or by the Indians on their- return home from Albany. Blacksmiths drove a flourishing trade in the manufacture of Indian axes or tomahawks, or as gunsmiths in repairing Indian guns. Shoemakers were indispensable to provide the citizens and soldiers with shoes, and bakers to supply them with bread. Many persons with capital embarked in these various kinds of business as the surest road to wealth. But although men of position they were always designated in their title deeds and contracts by the business they fol lowed, and they did not hesitate to term themselves such in their wills. It was only in the third or fourth genera tion that the word " gentleman " began to be used. 3X8 EVERT JANSE WENDEL. Evert Wendel, the emigrant, had six sons, three of whom added anotlier / to their names. After a time some of the family changed to Wandel. Two of Evert's sons were merchants, and two others wrote themselves "shoe makers." The father of Elsie Wendel was a shoemaker and tanner. His bark mill and tan vats were on Fox's Creek. His baptismal name was Jeronimus, which he changed to its equivalent, Hieronimus, which in the next generation became Harmanus. Captain Johannes Wendell, a merchant, was the most prominent of the six brothers. Having married a daugh ter of Dr. Abraham Staats, he was connected with some of the leading men of the province, and in politics was a Leislerian. He was twice married, and by his second wife:, Elizabeth Staats, he had eleven children. He died in middle life, and his widow married Johannes Schuyler, the grandfather of General Philip Schuyler. Jacob, his youngest son, at an early age was placed with John Mico, of Boston, where he made his permanent home. He mar ried Sarah, daughter of Dr. James Oliver, and became a leading merchant in that city of tradesmen. He rose to eminence in a commonwealth of eminent men. He was made a colonel of the Boston regiment of militia, no mean position at the time, a member of the King's Council for the province of Massachusetts, and was often employed in other public business, more especially in affairs relating to the Indians.' ' Sir Jonah Barrington says : ' ' Dress has a moral effect on mankind. Let any gentleman find himself .with dirty boots, old surtout, soiled neck cloth, and a general negligence of dress, he will in all probability find a corresponding disposition, by negligence of address." We should prob ably feel the force of this could we but see one of the "solid men of Bos ton" of olden time, as he came down State Street at the hour of high change, then 12 o'clock. His appearance would cause as much or more excitement than that of the Turkish ambassador who recently made us a HARMANUS SCHUYLER. 319 Elizabeth, daughter of Abraham Wendell, brother of Jacob, married Edmund Quincy of Boston. Both uncle and niece had large families, and their descendants are among the best citizens of New England. Among them are the great orator and anti-slavery agitator, Wendell PhilHps, and Oliver Wendell Holmes, the "Autocrat of the Breakfast Table." One of Elizabeth Wendell Quincy's daughters married Jonathan Sewall, Chief-Justice of Lower Canada. Her youngest daughter, Sarah, married John Hancock, presi dent of Congress and first signer of the Declaration of Independence.' Harmanus Schuyler (10). Harmanus was the youngest but one of his father's eight children, and the only one of the four sons who married and had a family. He was born at Schenectady, where he spent his boyhood. His education, whatever it was, was acquired in the school of his native town. When of sufficient age he was placed with a jeweller in Albany, and after serving his apprenticeship, he established him- visit. Colonel Jacob Wendell, merchant, who died in 1761, is thus de scribed : "His dress was rich, being a scarlet embroidered coat, gold laced cocked hat, embroidered long waistcoat, small clothes, with gold knee-buckles, silk stockings with gold clocks, shoes with large gold or silver buckles, as the importance of the occasion or business demanded, full ruffles at the bosom and wrists, and walking with a gold-headed cane. Now we have a portrait of one of the old school gentlemen of a century ago." — Boston Newspaper. ' "Resolved, that Colonel Hughs, Deputy, is hereby licensed and per mitted to export out of this State twenty barrels of flour for the use of the HonM John Hancock and his family." — Minutes of the Council of Safety of New York, 1778. A Mr. Hewes married Sarah, second daughter of Jacob Wendell, and is probably the Colonel Hughs mentioned in the permit. It is evident there was a scarcity of breadstuffs in Massachusetts, and that. John Han cock was indebted to his relationship to the Wendells for his bread. 320 HARMANUS SCHUYLER. self in business on the corner of State Street and North Market Street, now Broadway. He was elected constable of the first ward in September, 1752, and assistant alderman in 1759. Philip Schuyler (the general) represented another ward of the city about the same time in a like capacity. Neither of them rose to the dignity of an alderman. In colonial times the sheriffs were appointed annually by the governors. It was an office of influence and responsibility. Albany County occupied a large territory — all the settled parts of the colony north and west of Ulster and Dutchess, including the present State of Vermont. Then, as now, there were many aspi rants for the position. In the spring of 1761, the sheriff of Albany was seized with a mortal sickness, and some weeks before his death tlie politicians were canvassing for his successor. The Assembly was in session at the capi tal, and before the adjournment the members from Albany got a pledge from Lieutenant-Governor Colden that, on the death of the sheriff, he would appoint Guisbert Mer- selius, who was also endorsed by the mayor of the city and the judges of the courts. Colden's friend. Sir Wil liam Johnson, had a candidate, and felt sure of his ap pointment as soon as he named him. He waited, however, until death had made a vacancy before he urged his candi date. Before his letter was received. General Monckton called on Mr. Colden, and informed him that the sheriff was dead, and that General Amherst desired the appoint ment of Harmanus Schuyler to fill the vacancy. The name of the candidate and his endorsers must have pro duced a cold chill, and caused some degree of perplexity, as the venerable governor called to mind what he had said and written about another Schuyler only two years before, and what he_ had so recently promised the members of Assembly. HARMANUS. SCHUYLER. 32 1 With trembling hand he irnttiediately wrote to General Amherst that he was already committed, assuring him at- the same time that "although Schuyler's character might be as little known to the one as to the other, if he con tinued to desire it, he would appoint him, not-withstand-^ ing inconveniences might arise." To Sir William John son he wrote that however much he wished .to oblige'. him, "after Generals Amherst and Monckton had expressed a wish for Schuyler's appointment, he had no. choice left." Schuyler's appointment was made in Council on June 17, 1761. He must have bowed with unusual grace to the mayor, when on June 23d following, at a meeting of the Common Council of which he was a member, he produced his commission, and took the oaths of office. His ap pointment was all the more gratifying, inasmuch as he had not been a candidate, and had not solicited the office. It is in vain to inquire what had induced the generals to make a personal recommendation of Schuyler. Both oc cupied a high position ; the one had recently received the surrender of the French territories in America, the other was soon to be commissioned governor of the province. They may have known him and liked him ; or they may have been acting on the suggestions of the lady of the Flatts, Colonel Philip Schuyler's widow, ¦who at that time was in high favor with the English generals, on account of her many estimable qualities of mind and heart. A letter from Van Schaick to Johnson speaks of the influence of Colonel Bradstreet. The new sheriff acquitted himself to the acceptance of the people, and no particular " inconviences arose," except perhaps to the governor from the Assembly. Schuyler was reappointed from year to year until 1770, when he re moved to Stillwater. He had the courage to face the most trying occasions in the discharge of his duties. It may be Vol. II.— 21 322 HARMANUS SCHUYLER. interesting to his descendants to give two or three instances of his coolness and pluck, The territory now forming the State of Vermont was claimed both by New York and New Hampshire. The one issued patents for large tracts of the lands to specu lators with few or no tenants ; the other, for small farms to actual settlers. It was long an unsettled question to which of the two provinces the prize would finally fall. It was only solved in the time of the Revolution, when the inhabitants organized an independent government and demanded admission to the sisterhood of States. For many years, however, the contest was waged by letters between the governors, by proclamations and counter- proclamations, and by appeals to the crown. Persons were arrested by both parties as trespassers, carried far from home, and lodged in jail. The strife increased in violence and culminated in riots and the use of arms. The Vermonters, not contented with the territory claimed by New Hampshire, invaded that which had been long held as a part of this province and occupied for years. They took forcible possession of farmer's houses, and turned the occupants out of doors. On one occasion the sheriff of Albany was notified that a farmer at Hoosac had been dispossessed, and that others were threatened with a like treatment. Acting by authority of the gov ernor, he went to Hoosac, taking with him a justice of the peace. The day after he arrived was Sunday, and its quiet was not disturbed. Early the next morning the New Hampshire officers began operations by putting two farmers and their families, with tlieir effects, out of their houses, and then hastily retired, before the sheriff, stop ping a short distance off, was notified. But he found their trail, pursued and captured four of their leaders, and triumphantly bore them off to the Albany jail. HARMANUS SCHUYLER. 323 Two years later there were riots on the Livingston manor, occasioned by men from Massachusetts who claimed the land. A warrant was placed in the sheriff's hands for the arrest of the chief rioter. Knowing the desperate character of the men with whom he had to deal, he called for the assistance of a posse. On approaching the house of the rioter, he found him and his friends to the number of thirty behind a barricade, all armed -with clubs, and defiant. When ordered to surrender he refused, and threatened death to any one w^ho should attempt to cross his intrenchment. The sheriff did not parley, but imme diately leaped over the barricade. "Yhe posse followed him, and for a time the strife was fierce and bloody. Clubs and pistols were freely used, resulting in the death of one man on each side. The rioters took refuge in the house, and, barring the doors, deliberately fired on their oppo nents, wounding seven of them. The sheriff was foiled. He had no means to storm the fort, and was obliged to leave the field without his man. In an affray in the neighborhood of Albany a man was killed. It was supposed that the crime was committed by a negro of desperate character, who remained on the farm where he worked. A warrant for his arrest was placed in the hands of a deputy, who reported that the negro, a large, powerful fellow, threatened death to any one vi'ho attempted to take him, and that he could not arrest him except at the risk of his life. Another deputy was alike unsuccessful. The sheriff himself then took the warrant. He found the culprit on the barn floor thrashing, who rushed toward him with his heavy flail uplifted, as if to strike. The sheriff withdrew his hand from behind him and showed a pistol. The flail fell to the floor, and the desperado quietly submitted his hands to the shackles. In 1770 Harmanus Schuyler disposed of his business 324 HARMANUS SCHUYLER. in Albany and removed to Stillwater, where he bought a farm with water-power on the river. He erected mills, and until his death transacted an extensive business. I visited the place some twenty-five years ago, but there was noth ing left to mark the spot, except the dug-way from the road high up on the bank down to the water. In February, 1776, Harmanus was appointed by General Schuyler Assistant Deputy Commissary-General of the Northern Department, and was stationed at Lake George in charge of the men engaged in building boats for the use of the army. His letters thence to General Schuyler give us a vivid conception of the poverty of the country, and how poorly it was prepared to enter upon the war for independence with a rich and powerful kingdom ; and of its entire dependence on the commanding general for all the materials required in the work of preparation. His letters from Lake George are from February 8 to April 24, 1776. His first letter begs for two or three kegs of nails absolutely required to complete the workshop. He then asks for some good axes, those on hand having " no steel in them," for grindstones, for camp-kettles, a black smith, a stick of sealing-wax, some pitch and oakum, and various other articles, all of which should have been fur nished by the commissary-general. That officer, however, had not the money to procure them, and hence he wrote to the general, who alone had the money or credit for the occasion. Nails were ordered from Canada, and the first three sleigh-loads received proved to be useless — they were too small or too large. Finally, he wrote : " The men plague my heart out for their pay. Do send me at least ten pounds, with which to make them easy for the time." He was at Skenesborough (Whitehall) from June to September, building a larger class of boats, called gondo las and galleys. Here his want of supplies was greater HARMANUS SCHUYLER. 32S than before. Every letter (there are fourteen in all) begs for something — now for some fresh meat and a little salt ; then for pease and rum, for pitch, oakum, nails, tools, pro visions. Again, he urgently asks for nails, iron, steel, oakum, cordage, pitch, and tar ; and a few days later he writes : " This is the third time I have written for supplies, and have received none : " " We have now twenty-five blacksmiths, but tools for only four fires." At another time he writes : "We have now fifty-five blacksmiths, but the most of them are sick, as are also a great many car penters. Out of fifty men under Captain Titcum only ten are able to work." He wrote to Colonel Wynkoop at Ti conderoga for men to work on the vessels, and received ^the reply : "I have not men enough to keep the guard." We learn that General Arnold was at Skenesborough su pervising the work, and directing as to the size and num ber of vessels. We also catch a glimpse of other officers of the army, all busied in preparations to meet the English fleet on the lake. It was all in vain. The little fleet built under so many difficulties, and at so much expense, was destroyed by the British in the following October. His last letter from Skenesborough is dated September 2, 1786. His robust health was broken at last. He and his son Dirck were sick with the fever which had proved so disastrous to the workmen all through the month of August. He was unable to resume his duties for several weeks, but toward the last of October we find him at Still water superintending the transportation of supplies to Fort Edward and Lake George. There was a depot for provisions at Stillwater. From thence they were forward ed by boats to Fort Edward while the river was open, and by wagons and sleighs when it was closed. Here he found the transportation facilities entirely inadequate, and ap pealed to the general for more boats and wagons. It was 326 HARMANUS SCHUYLER. not in vain, for a few days later he reports, " Forwarding goes on briskly." But now comes a letter from Captain Varick at Fort Edward, asking for at least forty wagons for use at his station. " They are difficult to get," he re plied, " but I will try." He then hastened over to Schaght icoke to borrow or hire them from the farmers, but with indifferent success. On November 23d he wrote : "A drove of fat oxen is passing for Fort Edward. I want one for my family, and would be pleased to have it on account of my rations ; but if not so, I will pay the cash." On December 7th the river was closing, and there were still three hundred barrels of flour in store, which had to be sent forward by land. There was the rub. The roads were bad, and wagons could not be procured. Later there was a call for one hundred tons of hay. He scoured the country, and could find only thirty-six tons, of which twenty-three tons were sent by sleighs to Lake George, and thirteen tons to Ticonderoga. The balance of the or der could not be had short of Bennington. Harmanus Schuyler retired from the service when his friend the General was superseded by Gates. However, he encouraged his sons of sufficient age to offer their ser vices to their country. The eldest was studying medicine when the war began, and was attached for a time to the medical staff of Dr. Stringer, and afterward was the sur geon of Colonel Hazen's regiment. Samuel, the second son, on account of his imperfect vision, could not serve in the ranks, but was a clerk in the Commissary Department. The third son, Derick, less than fourteen years old at the beginning of the war, was made a second lieutenant in one of the companies of the New York line, as soon as his age -would permit it. The other sons were too young to render any service. Harmanus Schuyler died at Stillwater, on September i. CHRISTINA TEN BROECK. 327 1796, in the seventieth year of his age, leaving a widow and seven children. His will is dated August 10, 1796. In some respects it is singular. He released his eldest son from the payment of the considerable sums of money advanced to him, and now gave him his silver tankard. To his wife he gave the income of his whole estate, real and personal, " during her natural life." After her death, his daughters, Elsie and Maria, were to receive each ^^250 which he had invested in United States bonds ; and to his son John he gave his "negro boy Peet." The residue of his estate, real and personal, he gave to his youngest son, Philip, subject to the payment of ^300 to his son John, and ^250 to Samuel, and to an annuity of ^7 to Derick for life. He did not follow the old Dutch custom of dividing his estate equally among his children, nor the English usage of giving the real estate to the eldest son, but gave to one of his children, the youngest, much the largest share. Doubtless he had reasons for such a dispo sition of his property, but they are not known at the present day. Christina Ten Broeck, my grandmother, the wife of Harmanus Schuyler, carries me back to the early days of the colony on different lines, through the Ten Broecks to the Van Rensselaers and Van Burens, and through the Van Rensselaers to the noted Anneke Jans. Her father, Samuel Ten Broeck, was the second son of Dirk Wesselse Ten Broeck and Christina Van Buren. Her mother was Maria, daughter of Hendrick Van Rensselaer and his wife, Catharine Van Brugh, who was a granddaughter of Anneke Jans. Of her father Httle is known, but her grandfather Ten Broeck was a prominent man, and from the time he was appointed Recorder of Albany to his death, his name is of frequent recurrence in the annals of the city and province. I have already told the story of 328 DIRK WESSELSE TEN BROECK. Hendrick Van Rensselaer, but the history of his wife's grandmother is interesting chiefly because her " heirs " so persistently for more than" a hundred years sought to re claim a portion of the property belonging to the rich cor poration of Trinity Church, New York. Dirk' Wesselse Ten Broeck.'' Ten Broeck is a name wliich gives occasion for specu lation. Was it the true surname of a family, or was it as sumed by a section of a family known by another name ? It has been claimed that Wessel Ten Broeck, merchant of Munster, Westphalia, came with Director Peter Minuit in 1626, and settled as a merchant at Fort Orange (Albany). I have been unable to verify it. The earliest date at which the name appears in the records was June 21, 1663, signed to a contract. Dirk Wesselse ten Broeck. Ten Broeck first appears in the records of the Dutch Church of New York, October i, 167 1, when Wessel Wesselsen ten Broeck was recorded as a godfather. A year later Hendrick Wesselsen ten Broeck acted in the same capac ity. In 1674, the latter had a child baptized by name Wessel, and Dirk Wesselse ten Broeck was its godfather. In October, 1673, Wessel Ten Broeck was appointed by Governor Colve a schepen at Kingston. In all proba bility this was the Wessel Wesselse ten Broeck who was in New York in 167 1, for we do not meet with him again in the latter city, and he had now taken up his permanent residence in Kingston. These three. Dirk Wesselse, Hen drick Wesselse, and Wessel Wesselse ten Broeck, were probably brothers, and the only ones, so far as I have been able to learn, by the name Ten Broeck then in the country. ^ Vessell then broke. Jacob Leisler to the Governor of Boston, October, 'I689. Dirk Ten Breeches. — Washington Irving. TEN BROECK. 329 Whether they were emigrants, or whether they assumed the name to distinguish them from others of the same family, is an unsolved question. There were several Wes sels and Wesselses in New York, and some in Albany, who were among the early settlers. One Wessel Wesselse of Oyster Bay, L. I., October 4, 1677, mortgaged a house and lot on Broadway, New York, "late in possession of Dirk Wesselse," and all the estate due him by virtue of the last will of Wessel Wesselse, "my father," for thirty- six pounds, which when paid would be in full settlement for all claims, "from the beginning of the world to the presenttime." January 17, 1700, one Hendrick Ten Broeck " son and heir of Hendrick Wesselse Ten Broeck, quit claimed a fifth share in a piece of land, known as the ' shoemaker's land,' " to one Lodwick. The Hendrick Wes selse ten Broeck first named had no son by name Hen drick, but his- contemporary, Hendrick Wesselse, had a son by that name. These references indicate a proba bility that the Wessels, or Wesselses, and Ten Broecks were originally the same family. Yet it is possible that Ten.' Broeck was a Dutch name known in Holland, and that the three brothers were immigrants. Dirk Wesselse Ten Broeck, as commissary, justice, re corder, mayor, member of Assembly, anibassador, wrote his name Dirk Wesselse. When mayor he was known and addressed as Dirk Wessels, while his son, an alderman, and sitting at the Council Board with his father, was written Wessel Ten Broeck. To land contracts, deeds, and to ills will, he wrote his name in full, Dirk Wesselse ten Broeck, the ten always with a small /. In his will he wrote the full names of his children, the ten the same as in his own signature. In history and politics he is only known as Dirk Wessels. Most readers of the city and pro vincial records often meet the name Dirk Wessels, and do 330 TEN BROECK. not dream that he was the ancestor of General Abraham Ten Broeck of Revolutionary fame, or of that other Ten Broeck who made himself famous on both sides the Atlan tic as the breeder and, owner of race-horses. When Pieter Van Alen, tailor and trader in Beverwyck, was about to sail for the fatherland in August, 1662, he gave a power of attorney to his servant. Dirk Wessels, to transact all his business in his absence. He was then only twenty years old, but competent for the duties of the trust. The next year he bought a house, married, and commenced business as a "free merchant.'' He bought the house situ ated on the north side of Yonker's Street, now the site of the Mechanics and Farmers' Bank, of the " heirs " of An neke Jans for four hundred dollars, payable in beavers, and signed the contract Dirk Wesselse ten Broeck. His name for the next twenty years seldom appears in the rec ords. He wisely devoted himself to his business, which he managed with tact and judgment, and succeeded in plac ing himself among the foremost merchants of Albany. It is said, but without sufficient proof, that he exported in one year five thousand beaver skins, an unusually large number for one man to handle.' His education was equal to that of his contemporaries, and included a knowledge of the Indian languages, with out which a man could not transact his business, as then conducted, with ease and facility. After he had gained a solid position in his community, and was in possession of a respectable estate, he began to attract the attention of the colonial governors as one fitted for public office. In ' There is a paper on file among the city archives without an original date, showing the number of beavers shipped by different parties, in which Derik Wessils appears to have been the shipper of five thousand. It was written by Johannes Dyckman, who on account of insanity was removed from office in 1655, when Dirk Wesselse Ten Broeck was only thirteen years old. Derik Wessils must have been another man. TEN BROECK. 33 X 1676, Governor Andros made him a commissary, the duties of which were not onerous, and did not interfere with his regular business. Eight years later Governor Dongan appointed him a justice of the peace. From this time until a few years before his death, he was much employed in the public service. He was named in the charter of July 22, 1686, one of the first aldermen of the city, and in October following he was appointed recorder in place of Isaac Swinton. He held this office until 1696, when he was chosen mayor, being the fourth since the organization of the city government. Besides these municipal offices, he was elected member of the first Assembly in 169 1, and re-elected to the second, third, fourth, and fifth. He was again elected to the eighth, but was refused his seat by the Leislerian majority, for non-residence, as was alleged. He had bought a farm in the Livingston manor, on which he lived a part of the year, but kept up his residence and business in Albany as formerly. The parties were so evenly divided in the Assembly, eleven to ten, that the majority were unwilling to run the risk of falling into the minority by sickness or death, and hence seized upon a flimsy ex cuse to exclude Wessels and Nicol?, and to seat their own partisans in their place. Dirk Wessels was also a member of the Indian Board for several years, was four times ap pointed political agent to Canada, and was frequently sent among the Indians of the Five Nations on important pub lic business. His influence with the Indian allies was sec ond only to that of Peter Schuyler. In all these various offices of trust and dignity he served without reproach, showing himself to be a man of rare ability and ready resources for all contingencies. The only thing alleged against him during his public career with any semblance of truth, was his association with Peter Schuyler and others in the patent for the Mohawk lands, as a wrong to 332 TEN BROECK. a nation v/hich had always been the firm ally of the English. Although there can be little doubt that the transaction on the part of all engaged in the affair, except Pinhorne, was not for personal gain, but was in the interest of the Indians themselves, it was a mistake so far as they were concerned ; and Wessels, like Peter Schuyler, as soon as he understood by the public clamor that his motives were not appreciated, renounced all connection ¦with it. In politics Wessels was anti-Leislerian, but was never a bitter partisan, nor an uncompromising opponent. When the interests of the province required it, he could over come his prejudices, and act in concert with his political foes. He was a member of the Dutch Church, and for many years an officer. But an exemplary Christian life did not shield him from Jacob Leisler's vituperative tongue and pen. His opposition to usurped authority was enough to condemn him in the estimation of the usurper. Leisler said of him, " He is a person who formerly professed popery, and recanted a Protestant, and been employed by our late papist governor dongan for ambassador to Canada, and understood not one word of french." Ten Broeck in common with his well-to-do friends and neighbors, bought lands from the Indians for investment and on speculation. His first purchase was made in 1680, of four flats or plains lying on Kinderhook Creek, " one Dutch mile from Jan Tysen Goes, (which name -was after ward changed to Hoes) with the woodland extending to the high hills." He was one of the seven partners in the Saratoga Patent, and one of the seven partners in the great Westenhook patent, lying east of Kinderhook and along the sources of the Housatonic River. In 1694 he bought of Robert Livingston two tracts of land within the bounds of Livingston manor — one of six hundred acres' on the Hudson, the other of twelve hundred acres' on the TEN BROECK, 333 Roelof Jansen Kil, about six miles inland. On the latter he built a dwelling house and barns, and called it his " Bouwery." He did not at first make it his permanent residence, but lived in Albany, arid there prosecuted his business and various employments as formerly. Toward the close of life, he transferred his business to others, and retired to his Bouwery to spend his last, years in superin tending the improvements on his farms. In his domestic relations he seems to have been fortu nate and happy. He had a family of thirteen children — ¦ six sons and. seven daughters. Two of the sons, Manasseh and Ephraim, twins, died in infancy ; the others survived him, and are named in his will. They were all married, and most of them were settled in Albany and its vicinity. Two years before his^death, he calmly inventoried the re sults of his business life; and recorded them in his will. In an old Dutch Bible, possessed by one of his descend ants, we read, " September 13, 17 17, my father, Dirk Wes selse, fell asleep, in the Lord, at his Bouwery on Roelof Jansen's Kil. The Lord give him a blessed resurection." His will, written by himself in the Dutch language, is dated February 4, 1715, and was proved on February 6, 1718. He divided his large estate equally among his eleven children, according to the valuation made by him self of its several parts. Two-thirds of his seventh share in the Saratoga Patent he gave to his eldest son, Wessel^ the other third to his daughter, Gertrude, wife of Abra ham Schuyler ; to his sons Samuel and Tobias, his farms in the Livingston manor ; and to his son Johannes, the homestead in Albany and the lands in Kinderhook ; all to be reckoned as part of his estate at the value he placed upon them. He directed his other lands and property of whatever kind to be sold, and, when all this was done, an equal distribution to be made among his children, after 334 TEN BROECK. the death of his widow, who while she lived was to have entire control of the estate. In conclusion, he enjoined upon his heirs " that none of his real estate should be sold to strangers, but should remain in his family for all time." This injunction was observed by the next two generations, but thereafter the lands gradually passed into the hands of strangers, until very little is now in his family. John, the son and heir of Tobias, sold his half of the manor farm to his cousin. Dirk Wesselse, son of Samuel, and removed to New Jersey. He is the ancestor of the horse-loving and horse-racing Ten Broecks of Kentucky. Dirk, the eldest son of 'VVessel, was mayor of Albany in 1746-7, and his son Abraham was the Revolutionary general, and also mayor of Albany in 1796-7. The latter married a daugh ter of Patroon Van Rensselaer, and had charge of the vast estate during the minority of the last patroon. There are few among my various ancestors whose his tory I have studied with more interest than that of Dirk Wesselse Ten Broeck. I learned that his grave was still to be seen on his old bouwery, now in the town of Cler mont, Columbia County, and I resolved to visit it, if for nothing else, that I might say I had stood by the grave of the grandfather of my grandmother. The early Schuy lers and their families had been buried beneath the floors of city churches, or in the grounds surrounding them, which had been removed and obliterated by the march of improvements ; even that of my grandfather had suffered a like fate. I could not visit them. With a relative as mentor and guide, I left Nassau on a bright summer morning. Our route was by quiet roads, far from the hum of cities and the screech of locomotives, through a charming country, full of interest to one whose forefathers had purchased it from the Indian proprietors two hundred years ago. It led along the- shore of the TEN BROECK. 335 pretty Kinderhook Lake, through the thriving villages of Valatie and Kinderhook, by the modest brick house built by a Van Buren, where Martin the Fox, was born ;' by the famous Lindenwald (so named, although there is not a linden tree on the place), where ex-president Van Buren found a pleasant retreat from his political contests and successes ; over the old race-course of the Livingstons and Ten Broecks ; past country seats surrounded by an cient trees ; to Claverack, the summer family seat of the younger branch of the Van Rensselaers ; thence through splendid farms to Clermont, and the grave of the grand old man of two centuries ago. The private cemetery, in which repose the remains of Dirk Wesselse Ten Broeck and his wife, Christina Van Buren, surrounded by the graves of several generations, is situated on the second terrace or bluff above the little river, known as Roelof Jansen's Kil,'' in the midst of forest trees, enclosed with a permanent fence, and tenderly cared for by a descendant in the sixth generation, Mrs. Harold Wilson. It is the only portion of the old Bouwery in possession of the " family." Its location, for a prospect of picturesque beauty, is unsurpassed, and there is no ap parent reason why it should be disturbed for centuries. On the terrace below is the fine old brick mansion built by Ten Broeck, beyond which is the valley oi Roelof Jan sen's Kil, and over the river the hills rise in terraces, dotted with groves of native trees and pretty villas. Up and down the valley for long distances you catch glimpses of sparkling water through the shrubs and trees on the banks of the river. The house is isolated, far from any • In politics Martin Van Buren was called "The Fox," " It is said the river was named for the first husband of Anneke Jans, who in the early days on his small vessel, was ice-bound, and forced to spend the winter among the Indians of that neighborhood. 336 THE V-\N BURENS. road, and unseen, except from the opposite hills, until by a private lane you reach the terrace of the cemetery. Cornelis Maesen Van Buren, the father of Ten Broeck's wife Christina, came to Rensselaerwyck in 163 1, and settled on a farm belonging to the manor. He and his wife died in 1648, and were buried on the same day. He left four children, the eldest of whom, Martin, bought of Ten Broeck a farm at Kinderhook, for which a deed was given to him after the latter's death, on August 10, 1703. The farm-house is situated on a slight elevation near the creek and the village of Kinderhook. Here one of the most noted presidents of the nation was born and brought up. He acquired his academic and legal education in his native village, and never lost his affection for the place of his birth. Toward the close of his life he returned to its neighborhood to spend his last years, and die among the friends of his youth. Ten Broeck had great confidence in his wife. She must have been a woman of more than ordinary ability. Al though she was about his own age when he wrote his will, he appointed her sole executrix of his entire estate, and placed the entire income at her disposal. She could not sell the lands, and in case " she should marry again " (he must have smiled at the thought) then she must surrender the trust to his sons. The Van Burens probably came from Buren in Gelder- land. On a map of that province, published in 1654, Buren is represented as a fortified town, near which is the castle of the Counts Buren — a title at that time belonging to the house of Nassau. There was, another emigrant from Holland by the name of Van Beuren, whose descend ants have dropped the first e, and now write their name like that of the former family. The two families can trace no kinship one with the other. ANNEKE JANS. 337 ANNEKE JANS, Or ANNA L\NS, as she wrote her name in small Roman capitals, on June 21, 1642, to an obligation to provide for the children of her first husband, is an ancestor whose history is interesting, not only to her descendants, but to others who know something of the persistent efforts of her " heirs " to recover possession of a valuable property in the city of New York, now, and for nearly two hun dred years, held by Trinity Church. Roelof Jansen, her husband, came to Rensselaerwyck with his family in 1630, among the first emigrants sent out by the Patroon Van Rensselapr. He was employed as a farmer on a salary of 180 guilders a year. When his term of service expired, in 1636, he removed to New Amsterdam, and secured a ground-brief, or title, for sixty-two acres of land, bounded west by the Hudson River, north by " old Jans' land" and the swamp, east by the present Broadway, and south by the Company's farm. He immediately commenced im proving the farm by clearing the land for tillage, and the erection of a building, but did not live to prosecute the work. He died within a year, leaving Anneke a widow with five young children. Soon after March, 1638, Anneke Jans married the Rev. Everardus Bogardus, minister of the Dutch Church in New Amsterdam, the first settled pastor in the colony. She now entered a sphere of more activity and usefulness. From the house of a tenant-farmer she entered the home of an educated man, who, as pastor of the church, was equal in position and influence to any in the colony. Her marriage with the dominie, encumbered as she was with a family, and with no earthly possessions except a few acres of wild land, which was so abundant and cheap that it might be had for the asking, leads one to the conclusion Vol. II. — 22 338 ANNEKE JANS. that she must have been more than an ordinary woman ; and our curiosity is excited to learn something of her family and previous history. But there is little to learn. We only know that she was the daughter of Tryntje Jansen, or Tryn Jonas as she was called, a professional midwife, employed by the West India Company for their colony of New Netherland on a moderate salaty, and that she had a sister Maritje." Within a brief period these sisters and their families were connected by marriage with all the leading families of the province. We do not know who was the husband of Tryntje Jan sen ; nor do we know the date of her arrival in New Am sterdam. She was probably a widow. In February, 1644, she received a patent for a lot of ground on Pearl Street, south of the fort, on which she built a house. From this time until her death, in 1648, we frequently meet her name in the records of the period. Her daughter Anneke ¦w-as married, as we have seen, when she came to Rensselaer wyck, and must have preceded her mother by several years. Maritje may have immigrated wich her first hus band, Tymen Jansen, a ship carpenter, in 1633. Her daugh ter, Elsie Tymens, was first married in January, 1652. Anneke Jans by her first husband, Roelof Jansen, had five children — Sara, Tryntje, Sytje (or F)'tje), Jan, and Annatje — on whom, before her marriage with Bogardus, in 1638, she settled two hundred silver guilders each, out of their paternal estate. The record of the transaction having been lost, she again appeared before the secretary of the colony, on June 21, 1642, and executed a duplicate, in which she also agreed to give the children " a decent edu- ' After the death of Tryntje Jansen, her daughters, Anneke and Maritje, gave a power of attorney to a friend in Holland to collect from the Com pany the balance of salary due their mother, amounting to "249 guilders, 2 stivers, and 8 pennies." ANNEKE JANS. 339 cation and respectable trades," By her second husband, Dominie Bogardus, she had four sons — Willem, Cornelis, Jonas, and Pieter. Sara Roelofs married, first. Dr. Hans Kierstede ; secondly, Cornelis Van Borsum ; and, thirdly, Elbert Elbertsen. The eldest of Dr. Kierstede's ten children, Hans, Jr., married a daughter of Govert Lookernians, whose sister, Anneke Lookermans, was the wife of Olof Stevense Van Cortlandt, the ancestor of the Van Cortlandts. Blandina Kierstede, a daughter of Dr. Hans, married Petrus Bayard, a nephew of the old Director-General Stuyvesant. Petrus Bayard became a sort of heretic in his religious belief, and fol lowed his co-religionists, the Labadists, to their settlement in Delaware. He is the ancestor of the Delaware and Pennsylvania Bayards, several of whom have risen to emi nence. Two of Dr. Kierstede's children married Kips, a name well known in the church. Another married Wil lem Teller, whose father was a prominent merchant of Al bany. Tryntje Roelofs married, first, Lucas Rodenburgh, vice- director of Curagoa ; and, secondly, Johannes Van Brugh,' a merchant and m.agistrate of New York. One of Van Brugh's daughters married Teunis de Key, a name for merly well known in the business circles of the metropolis. Catherine Van Brugh married Hendrick Van Rensselaer, grandson of the first patroon ; and her brother Peter mar ried Sara Cuyler, of Albany. Hendrick Van Rensselaer's eldest son, Johannes, married Engeltie Livingston, a grand daughter of Colonel Peter Schuyler. Another son, Kil lian, married Ariantia, daughter of Nicholas Schuyler. ' ' A wedding present — " Septeniber ]2, 1658, sent from Cura9oa by ship Deimen, Captain Priens, to the newly married couple, Johannes Van Brugh and Mrs. Rodenburgh : I keg salt, I keg preserved lemons, I keg lemon- juice, a parrot, and 12 paroquets, all marked "vff." 340 ANNEKE JANS. One of his daughters, Maria, was the wife of Samuel Ten Broeck, second son of Dirck Wesselse Ten Broeck. Jo hannes Van Rensselaer was the father of Catherine, wife of General Philip Schuyler. Peter, son of Johannes Van Brugh and Tryntje Roelofs, had an only daughter, Cathe rine, who married Philip Livingston, second proprietor of the Livingston manor. Sytje Roelofs married Peter Hartgers, and had two daughters. She died before her mother. Jan Roelofs was killed by the French at Schenectady, in February, 1690, and left no posterity. ^Annatje Roelofs, youngest child of Anneke Jans by her first husband, probably died young, as nothing is known of her after 1642, and she was not named in her mother's will. William Bogardus was twice married, and had nine chil dren. His second wife was Walbugh, daughter of Nicasius de Sille, attorney-general of New Netherland, 1656-1664; he was portmaster of the province in 1687. Cornelis Bo gardus married Helena Teller, whose sister Yenke was the first wife of Arent Schuyler, of New Jersey, and whose brother married a daughter of Olof Stevense Van Cort landt. Cornelis died in 1666, leaving one son, Cornelis. Jonas Bogardus died unmarried. Peter Bbgardus married Wyntia Bosch, and had eight children ; he was a trader and magistrate of Albany. Cornelis, son of Cornelis Bo gardus, married Rachel De Witt, of Kingston ; and An thony, son of Peter, married a Knickerbocker. Maritje Jans, sister of Anneke, married, first, Tymen Jansen ; second, Dirck Cornelisse Van Wenveen ; third, Govert Lookermans, in his day the most active and enter prising merchant of New Amsterdam, and supposed to be the richest man in the province. By her first husband she had one daughter, named Elsie, known in after years as Elsie Tymens ; by her second husband she had one son, ANNEKE JANS. 34I Cornelis Dirckse, and by Govert Lookermans a son, Jacob. Elsie Tymens married, first, Peter Cornelisse Van der Veen, a trader of New Amsterdam, who is said to have built the first brick house in the city and the first ship of any considerable size in New Netherland. She married, secondly, Jacob Leisler, on April 11, 1663. Only three years before this marriage, Leisler had left Holland as a common soldier in the service of the West India Company. He must have possessed some personal attractions, that on leaving the ranks he was able to win the affections of a woman who, as heir of her late husband's fortune and business, and related to the more prosperous classes, could have looked higher. He must also have possessed more than ordinary ability and aptitude to business, to have become within a few years one of the most prosper ous merchants in the colony. Jacob Leisler and Elsie Tymens had seven children, two sons and four daughters. The sons died- unmarried. Their eldest daughter, Susanna, married Michael Vaughton, a friend of Governor Dongan and half brother of John Spragg, secretary of the province. Catherine was the wife of Robert Walter, mayor of New York and member of the King's Council. Their eldest daughter, Elizabeth Walter, married Captain John Wendell, of Albany, brother of Jacob Wendell, an eminent merchant of Boston. Maria Walter was the third wife of Arent Schuyler, and, after his death, she married Archibald Kennedy, the receiver-gen eral and collector of customs. John Walter, son of Rob ert, had an only daughter, Hester, who became the wife of Colonel Peter Schuyler, of New Jersey, and their only daughter, Catherine, married Archibald Kennedy, Jr., who in time succeeded to the earldom of Cassillis. Mary, third daughter of Jacob Leisler, married, first, Jacob Milborne, 342 ANNEKE JANS. her father's secretary ; and, secondly, Abraham Gouver neur, whose family, in time, became intimately related to the Morris family, of Westchester. Hester, the fourth daughter of Leisler, married Barent Reynders, a mer chant of New York and brother-in-law of Dr. Samuel Staats. One of their daughters married, first, Nicholas Gouverneur, and second, William Provoost. Another daughter was the wife of Nicholas Bayard, grandson of the Nicholas Bayard whom Jacob Leisler had so long held a prisoner in irons. Maritje Jansen's son by her second husband is little known. Her son, Jacob Lookermans, was a physician, and settled in Maryland, where he became a planter. It is said that his direct line has died out. Govert Lookermans was a widower, with two daughters, when he married the sister of Anneke Jans. His first wife was Ariantje Jans, probably a relative of his second. His eldest daughter, Maritje, married Balthazar Bayard, an other nephew of Petrus Stuyvesant, and had seven chil dren. His second daughter, Jenetje, married Dr. Hans Kierstede, Jr. Subsequently the De Lanceys, the De Peysters, the Jays, and others married into the families already named, so that the blood of Anneke Jans and her sister is mingled with almost all the old families of this State, New Jersey, and Delaware. Many a proud scion of these old houses, when tracing back his pedigree, hoping to find in the dark ages some knight or nobleman with whom to con nect his name, is confronted halfway by the midwife of New Netherland. Tymen Jansen, first husband of Maritje Jans, procured a patent for a piece of land containing 646 square rods, lying on the northerly side of Pearl Street, then fronting on the East River, including Hanover Square^ a point of ANNEKE JANS. 343 land projecting into the river. He erected a dwelling- house, which he occupied until his death. It was the resi dence of his widow when she married her second hus band, and there she continued to live until again a widow. She married, thirdly, Govert Lookermans, who now as sumed control of the property. He sold some of the ground to other parties, and in 1667 procured a patent in his own name for the remainder. Meantime Elsie Ty mens had married, had lost her husband, and had finally married Jacob Leisler. While Lookermans lived, the family connection — the Bayards, the Kierstedes, the Van Cortlandts, and the Leislers — were on friendly terms, serv ing each other as sponsors on baptismal occasions, and performing other acts of neighborly kindnesses. After his death which occurred in 1670, there were disagree ments and contentions in reference to the property, which resulted in acrimonious suits before the courts. Looker mans died without a will, and, as his own estate was mixed up with that which justly belonged to his wife and her daughter, Elsie Tymens, it was difficult to deter mine the rights of either. His own children claimed the whole, to the exclusion of Elsie Tymens, to whom the most valuable portion of the estate really belonged, as only heir of Tymen Jansen, although the title stood in the name of Lookermans. This controversy about property undoubtedly had its influence in the political troubles of subsequent years, when Leisler and the Bayards were ar rayed against each other. The suits at law terminated only with Leisler's political fall and death. It was one of the notable cases of those early times, arraying one-half of the community against the other half, and was kept in the courts for over twenty years. Rev. Everardus Bogardus, the second husband of An neke Jans, was a man of fair ability, and fearless in the 344 ANNEKE JANS. discharge of his duties, as he understood them. He was no respecter of persons, not sparing the highest officials when their delinquencies deserved rebuke. By his direct methods and plainness of speech he incurred the displeas ure of Director Van Twiller and his Council, who called him rude and unmannerly. He esteemed Director Kieft, and treated him courteously, until he had caused the In dians, who had fled from their enemies to Manhattan for safety, to be slain at night in their encampments. Bogar dus called it murder, and pronounced the anathemas of the divine law against the cowardly offender. Kieft was highly indignant, and had the minister summoned before himself and Council, to be tried for speaking ill of those in authority. Bogardus declined to appear before a court composed of his accusers, but was willing to be tried by a tribunal of disinterested persons, either here or in Hol land. It did not suit Kieft to send him home for trial. It was more likely that he himself would be tried, and not the minister. He kept up the dispute, and pelted the poor dominie from time to time with paper missiles from the Council, Olof Stevense Van Cortlandt, one of the Council, felt aggrieved at something the minister had said, and sued him for slander. Both trials proceeded side by side for years, until the latter case was referred to Dominie Megapolensis, of Rensselaerwyck, who found, on investi gation, that there had been a misunderstanding of some particular points, which were explained and the parties were reconciled. Kieft was glad to let the more impor tant matter drop, and himself be reconciled to the fearless preacher. But Bogardus was weary of so much strife, and resigned his pastorship ; he wanted change, and re solved to take an ocean voyage to soothe his nerves and regain his usual health. From that time to the present a voyage to Europe has been the great remedy for over- ANNEKE JANS. 345 worked clergymen. About the same time Director Kieft was recalled, and they sailed on the same vessel, The Princess. There were on board other persons whom Kieft had injured, and whom Stuyvesant had banished for speak ing evil of dignitaries. They were on their way to the fatherland to present their grievances to the Lords Supa- rior and procure redress. The voyage was prosperous across the Atlantic, but, when all were rejoicing on their near approach to their old home, the pilot erred in his reckoning, and the ship was wrecked on the English coast, in September, 1647. Bogardus and Kieft, with seventy- nine others, perished in the sea. The two men who had been banished were rescued, and bore the news of the shipwreck to Holland. Anneke Jans remained in New Amsterdam until the summer of 165 1, when she removed to Beverwyck, and in the following year bought a lot on the north side of Yon ker's Street, now the site of the Mechanics' and Farmers' Bank, on which she built a comfortable house, which she occupied until her death. Her will, written in Dutch, and dated January 29, 1663, is among the notarial papers in the clerk's office of Albany. She was suffering from a mortal illness, but her mind was unclouded. She remem bered the stipulation with reference to her eldest children, into which she had entered before she married Dominie Bogardus, and now, first of all, she directed that they should be paid the one thousand guilders then prom ised them ; that all of her unmarried children should receive portions equal to those of the marrried ones ; that five silver mugs should be provided for five of her grandchildren ; and that the residue of her estate should be divided equally among her seven living children and the heirs of her deceased daughter, Sytje Hartgers. She appointed no executors, but left her heirs to manage and 346 ANNEKE JANS' ESTATE. distribute the property according to the terms of the will. As there was no inventory, we do not know in what the estate consisted, aside from three parcels of land, the house hold furniture, and the apparel and jewelry of the testa trix. The realty consisted of the house and lot on Yon ker's Street, Albany ; a farm of one hundred and thirty acres on Long Island, near Hell Gate, known as the Domi nie's Hoeck ; and a farm of sixty-two acres on Manhattan Island, known as the Dominie's Bouwery. Within a few months after the death of their mother, the heirs named in the will commenced their duties as administrators of the property. They sold the house on Yonker's Street to Dirck Wesselse Ten -Broeck, for one thousand guilders in beavers, payable in three instalments. Before the deed was given, in July, 1667, Cornelis Bogar dus had died. His brothers, Peter and Jonas, signed the instrument for themselves and as attorneys for the others. There never has been any question about the validity of the sale, although the property has become- very valuable. The heirs were now in possession of sufficient means to pay the minor legacies, as well as to the four children of Roelof Jansen the one thousand guilders to which they were entitled. They were in no haste to dispose of the other lands belonging to the estate, but waited for an ad vance in values. Not so, it appears, with others ; for in the Council minutes of 1670 we have an account of a transac tion so curious that I am tempted to relate it. The heirs of Anna (Jans) Bogardus lodged a complaint before the governor and Council, to the effect that a Mr. Sharp had sold their farm on Long Island, the Dominie's Hoeck, at public auction, for which he had no authority ; and they now besought the Council for redress. Mr. Sharp was accordingly summoned before the board to make his de- ANNEKE JANS ESTATE. 347 fence. He could only say that he was drunk, and did not know what he vvas doing. The court was not long in an nouncing its decision — that Sharp must pay back to Nicho las Bayard all the pluck money, the costs incurred, and two hundred guilders damages ; while the heirs were to be at liberty " to do with their own as they please." The farm was eventually sold to Captain Thomas Lawrence, to whom a patent was issued in December, 1677. The farm of sixty-two acres on Manhattan Island pos sesses unusual interest on account of its present great value, and of the efforts made from time to time for nearly two hundred years to wrest it from the possession of its legitimate owners.' Without its history no biography of Anneke Jans would be complete. After her marriage with Dominie Bogardus, he assumed its management. In May, 1639, he let it to Richard Brudnell for a tobacco plantation, at a yearly rental of three hundred and fifty ' In the patent of Governor Nicolls (March 27, 1667) the farm is thus described : ' ' The limits whereof did then begin from the fence of the house by the strand side so running north east to the fence of old Jan's land it's in length 210 rods, then going along the fence of the said Old Jan's land south east it reacheth to a certain swamp and is in breadth 100 rod, and striking along the swamp southwest it's in length 160 rod. And from the swamp to the strand going west it's in breadth 50 rod the land lying on the south side of the house to the fence belonging to the Company and so to the east side begins at the fence and goes south to the posts and rails of the Conipany's land without any hindrance of the path it's in breadth 60 rod in length on the south side along the posts & rails 160 rod on the east side to the entrance of the Chalke Hook in breadth 30 rod and along the said Chalke Hook on the north side to the fence of the land before mentioned going west is in length 100 rod amounting in all to about 62 acres." The plan of this farm on the map of New York, in "Valentine's Man ual " for 1853, is incorrect. A satisfactory idea of it can be gained from the plan in the interesting article of Mr. J. W. Gerard, on " Anneke Jans Bogardus and her Farm," in Harper's Monthly for May, 1885. It may be proper to state that what I have said on this subject was written at least a year before the publication of Mr. Gerard's article. 348 ANNEKE JANS' ESTATE. pounds of tobacco. Included in the lease was a stipula tion that he should furnish the tenant with a gun and water-hound, and receive therefor one-third of the game taken. Brudnell was not successful in raising tobacco, or in killing ducks, for three years afterward Bogardus let the farm to Rufus Barton for a term of five years, at the nominal rent of two capons per annum. Before 165 1 there had been another change of tenants, and Egbert Wouterson had planted corn and pumpkins in its fields and shot game in its swamps and woods. In November, 165 1, Govert Lookermans, Hans Kier stede, and Peter Hartgers, "all relatives of Anneke Jans," acting as her attorneys, leased the farm for six years from the following May to Evert Pels, at two hundred and twenty-five guilders and thirty pounds of butter a year. There was then an old house on the place, sadly ^iilapidated, which the tenant was required to repair at the expense of the landlord, but he might build a new one if he chose. After the English came, in 1664, the governors, for the sa'Ke of the fees, required the owners of lots and lands to surrender their old titles and procure new ones under the new seal of the province. In compliance with this rule, the heirs procured a patent from Governor Richard Nic olls, in March, 1667. Four years afterward (March 9, 1670-71) they sold the farm "for avaluable consideration" to Governor Francis Lovelace, Nicolls' successor. This deed was signed, either personally or by attorney, by all the heirs except one. Cornelis Bogardus had died in 1666, and neither his wife (Helena Teller) nor his son (Cornelis) joined in the conveyance.' ' Philip Pieterse Schuyler was the administrator of the estate of Cornelis Bogardus, and as such sold his "household stuff" at public auction on September 14, 1666. It brought, altogether, 2,014 guilders, IJ stivers, sea- want currency. LEASE TO TRINITY CHURCH. 349" The West India Company, after the purchase of Man hattan Island, set apart a small tract of land, situated north of the present Fulton Street, between Broadway and the Hudson River, for the use of their directors-general, which was called the Company's Bouwery. As this was public property, it was confiscated by the English, but reserved as before for the use of the governors, and called the Duke's Farm. When the Duke of York became king, it formed part of the royal domain, and was called the King's Farm. When Queen Anne was on the throne, it was the Queer's Farm. As the Dominie's Bouwery was next ad joining on the north. Governor Lovelace occupied both places as one. When he retired, and was succeeded by Governor Andros, it was found that he had misappropri ated the revenues of his royal master, and was a defaulter for a large amount. The bouwery was taken in part pay ment of the debt, and added to the original farm reserved for the governors, and the whole was then called the Duke's Farm. Its use and rentals inured to the benefit of the governors for the time being, and were a part of their perquisites. They were not large,' but, such as they were, they were by no m.eans despised by the impecunious governors. In 1697, a short time before Governor Fletcher retired, and after he knew that his'successor had been appointed, he gave a seven years' lease of the King's Farm to Trinity Church, at a rental of £\2 a year. He did this on the plea that, as a lover of the church, he wished to aid the only English church in the province, which had been re cently established and was struggling for existence amid poverty and a population attached to other organizations. ' Governor Andros leased the farm in 1677 for a term of twenty years, at a yearly rental of sixty bushels of wheat. 350 LEASE TO TRINITY CHURCH. Governor Bellomont was not pleased with this disposi tion of his perquisites, and, as Fletcher had made some ex travagant grants of land, he recommended that both the lease and the grants should be vacated. His recommenda tions were approved by the home government, and he was directed to have the Legislature act in the premises. This was done, and a vacating act passed in March, 1699, which ¦was sent to the king for approval. The great landed pro prietors and the church made a vigorous opposition, and by their agents, assisted by Fletcher, then in England, pre sented specious arguments against the act, and induced delay. So strong was the opposition, that the act was not finally approved until nine years later, on June 26, 1708. Meantime Bellomont had died, and Lord Cornbury had been appointed governor. The noble lord was a staunch churchman, and sought to promote the interests of his church by all the means he could employ, some of which were questionable as to their Christian character. By his inspiration the Legislature of 1702 repealed the vacating act, by a law which was operative in the colony until ve toed by the crown. Although Bellomont had prohibited the use of the farm to the church after the vacating act, Cornbury restored its possession by a new lease, in May, 1702, to run during his term of office. The farm was not then a source of large income, having been sublet by the church for onlv ;^2o a year, but it was steadily advancing in value, even for farming purposes, and in 1704 it was sublet to George Ryers for ;^3o annually. The vacating and repealing acts were sleeping quietly in the pigeon-holes of the ministers, and it began to ap pear that they would sleep forever. The friends of the church were stimulated to take another step much more important to their future than a seven years' lease, or a lease for any definite time — they applied for a patent. PATENT TO TRINITY CHURCPL 351 Their petition was favorably considered, and on July 5, 1705, the attorney-general was directed to prepare a pat ent to the "Rector and Inhabitants in Communion with the Church of England for the Queen's farm and the lot of ground near the church known as the Queen's garden," which pa.ssed the seals on November 23, 1705. It reserved to the queen a quit-rent of three shillings a year. The grant was subsequently confirmed by the Legislature. All questions as to the farm now seemed to be settled in favor of the church. But there were other trials in store for her. The English ministers at last resolved to act, and the bills sent over for approval were dragged from their hid ing-places and laid upon their table. The repealing act was vetoed, and the vacating act approved. Here was a new dilemma, and for a time, at least, it was believed that the church had lost her hold on the farm. Lord Love lace, who succeeded Cornbury, and, after his death, Lieu tenant-Governor Ingoldesby, seem to have had possession. When Governor Robert Hunter arrived, in 1710, the church again petitioned to him for the farm, and he gave them the use of it for his term of office only. In Novem ber, 1 7 15, the rector wrote to a friend in London, urging him to appeal to the bishop to have the affair of the farm adjusted before a new governor came. He said that the property at present was of small account, yielding only ^30 per annum, but that in a few years it would be much more considerable ; " it deserves the utmost efforts to se cure it for the church, which may be easily effected at present, but hereafter not." Through the representations of the bishop and other friends, the government withdrew its opposition, and Trinity was allowed to remain in quiet possession. She did not even pay the quit-rent of three shillings a year, for when an attempt was made to collect 352 LAWSUITS AGAINST TRINITY. it, as from other parties, she sent a petition to the queen praying that the proceedings might be stopped, and this was granted in 17 14. Subsequently, however, though at long intervals (1738, 1750, 1768, 1786), the rent was paid in full, and in 1786 the quit-rents were commuted by the pay ment of a fixed sum to the State. Trinity remained in undisturbed possession of the farm until about 1746, when Jacob Brower, a descendant of the Cornelius Bogardus who had not joined in the deed to Lovelace, took forcible possession of a portion, it then having been leased to Adam Vandenburgh. Brower was evicted, and Vandenburgh was put again into possession. In 1749 Cornelius Brower began an action of ejectment against Trinity Church for the recovery of the farm, but after two years he was nonsuited. His attorney was Will iam Smith, the father of the historian, and there is some reason to believe that Brower was incited to his actions by parties who had no interest in the matter, except jealousy of the growing wealth and power of the Episcopal Church.' At all events, Brower, with Smith's help, began another action for ejectment in 1757, which was tried before the Supreme Court of the province, on October 24, 1760, by a struck jury, and on a view ; and a general verdict was found for the church. The case was tried before Judge David Jones, all the other judges being members of the church corporation, and therefore interested in the event. In 1767, Cornelius Bogardus, a great-grandson of the Cornelius whose share in his mother's estate had not been extinguished by the Lovelace deed, sold one-sixth of his eighth share in the dominie's farm to Isaac Teller, a rela- ' Judge Thomas Jones, in his History of New York, vol. i., pp. i-io, charges William Livingston, William Smith, Jr., and John Morin Scott, all Presbyterians, who were Brower's counsel, with getting up this suit for their own purposes. LAWSUITS. 353 five, who agreed to prosecute for the recovery of the whole eighth, bearing his o'wn expenses.' What came of this suit I have been unable to learn. The church was burned in the great fire that devastated New York soon after it was occupied by the British, in 1776. At the close of the Revolution, in January, 1784, the Committee of Safety of New York removed the old civil wardens and vestry of the church, on the plea that they were inimical to the liberties of the State, and vested the real and personal estate of the corporation in James Duane and eight other persons until further legal provi sion should be made. Such provision was made by an act passed by the Legislature in April, 1784. Taking ad vantage of the general confusion, the relaxation of civil authority, and the popular enmity against the church, Cornelius Bogardus (probably the same who sold a sixth of his patent to Teller) effected a lodgment upon a portion of the farm which was at the moment neither city nor country, where lands were waste and where the enclosures had been partly destroyed during the war. He took pos session of a small house on the farm (which was taken by the city in 1790 for the purpose of widening Chambers Street), which had just been vacated by a t'enant of the, church. He also similarly put his son John and his brother Lewis into possession of small wooden houses on the outskirts of the farm, one of which, situated on what was afterward St. John Square, was known as \he possession house, and was enclosed with a substantial fence. The church, on the advice of two of the best lawyers in the city — Morgan Lewis and Aaron Burr — caused the fence to be destroyed in the night, when Bogardus was off his guard. Bogardus retaliated on the fence built by the- church, and ' This deed is dated January 28, 1767, and is recorded in the Book of Deeds, No, 18, p. 133, in the office of the Secretary of State, Albany. Vol. II.— 23 354 LAWSUITS. there were quarrels and fights, which did not always termi nate without bloodshed. Cornelius Bogardus was duly evicted by the courts, and left New York in 1786. It is alleged that he was bought off by the church for ^700. The various intrusions of his son John after that date did not have even a color or claim of right. He gained an entry by taking leases from persons who held under the church. The example, however, was contagious, and other per sons squatted onihe farm, under the pretence of being heirs. A Mrs. Broad settled on a piece of ground near North Moore Street, called 77;,? Fort, which was surround ed by a breastwork and trench, and drove away the people who came to take earth from the banks of the fort by throw ing boiling water on them. A certain William Malcolm, who also claimed to be an heir, was evicted in 1786. One of his descendants subsequently began a suit by writ of right for some land near Chambers Street. This was tried, in 1807, before Justice Tompkins, and decided in favor of the church.' The church had now another interval of peaceful pos session, but in 1830 John Bogardus, just mentioned, then an old man, brought suit in chancery for the recovery of one-thirtieth of the farm, together with his proportionate share of all back rents and profits. He died in 1833, and Nathaniel Bogardus was substituted as complainant. The theory of Bogardus contradicted itself. On the strength of the signature of Cornelius Bogardus being wanting to the deed to Governor Lovelace, it was claimed that the church was a tenant in common with him and his heirs. There being five heirs of Cornelius Bogardus, the com plainant might on this principle have asked for one-for- ' James Jackson, ex dem. Richard M. Malcolm and others, against Martin Bromeling. LAWSUITS. 355 tieth, or one-fifth of one-eighth share ; but he claimed to be also one of the heirs of Jans Roelof and Jonas Bogar dus, two sons of Anneke Jans, who had died intestate and without issue, although they had joined in the deed to Lovelace. John Bogardus had able lawyers, but little money, with out which not much could be accomplished against a cor poration controlling millions. Money must be had by some means, so his lawyers said, and some device must be resorted to for its procurement. Concealing the fact that the suit had been commenced for the recovery of only a part of the property, which, if successful, would inure to the benefit of only a few of Anneke's descendants, they sent out agents and issued circulars calling upon all her heirs to contribute toward the expense of the suit, as though all were equally interested. According to their representations, there could be little or no question but that the trial would result in their favor, and there would be millions to divide, making them all rich. The stratagem was successful — pockets were opened. One lady even sold her grandmother's silver teaspoons in order to contribute to the fund. Money was procured sufficient to satisfy the lawyers, and the suit went on from year to year, from court to court, " dragging its slow length along.'' When the money was short the suit stopped for a time, and it ¦was not until 1847 that judgment was finally given for the church. Many old documents had been produced, and the evidence had been heard of many old and well-known residents, whose recollections went to times before the Revolution. Vice-Chancellor Sandford, in delivering his decision, said : - "Now that I have been enabled to examine it carefully, and with due reflection, I feel bound to say that a plainer case has never been presented to me as a judge. Were it 356 OPINION OF VICE-CHANCELLOR SANDFORD. not for the uncommon magnitude of the claim, the appar ent sincerity and zeal of the counsel who support it, and, in fact (of which 1 have been oftentimes! admonished, by personal applications on their behalf), that! the descendants of Anneke Jans, at this day, are hundreds, if not thousands, in number, I should not have deemed it necessary to de liver a written judgment on deciding the cause. " A hearty dislike to clothing any eleemosynary institu tion with either great power or extensive patronage, and a settled conviction that the possession by a single religious corporation of such overgrown estates as the one in con troversy, and the analogous instance of the Collegiate Dutch Church, is pernicious to the cause- of Christianity, have disposed me to give an earnest scrutiny to the de fence in this case ; as, in the instance of the Dutch Church, they prompted me, in my capacity of counsel, to more zealous efforts to overthrow their title to the lands devised by Jan Haberdinck. But the law on these claims is well settled, and it must be sustained in favor of religious cor porations as well as private individuals. Indeed, it ¦would be monstrous, if, after a possession, such as has been proved in this case, for a period of nearly a century and a half, open, notorious, and within sight of the temple of justice, the successive claimants, save one, bei'iig meiTof full age, and the courts open to them all the time (except for seven years of war and revolution), the title to lands were to be litigated successfully upon a claim which has been suspended for five generations. Few titles in this country would be secure under such an administration of the law ; and its adoption would lead to scenes of fraud, corruption, foul justice, and legal rapine far worse in their consequences upon the peace, good order, and happiness of society than external war or domestic insurrection. "The bill must be dismissed with costs." ' • , ' Sandford's Chancery Reports, vol. iv., pp. 633-672. The report of this case gives a very good history of the various preceding attacks on the title. See also 4 Paige, 178, and 15 Wendell, III, and the note of Bishop De Lancey in Thomas Jones' History of New York, vol. i., pp. 402-4I3.-' NEW LAWSUITS. 357 While the preceding suit was going on, one Jonas Hum bert, claiming to be an heir of old Anneke, began, in 1834, a suit in chancery, maintaining that the Dominie's Bouwery, i.e., the farm of sixty-two acres left by Anneke Jans, had never properly formed part of the Queen's Farm, and had therefore never been included in the grant to the church, and that the sole real basis of any claim of the church was the alleged purchase, in 1785, of the rights of Cornelius Bogardus for ^700, by which it had come to be tenant in common with the heirs. This case, after being decided in favor of the church, was appealed to the chancellor, and subsequently to the Court of Errors, where the judgment was finally affirmed in 1840.' Nine other suits were begun in 1847, in the Supreme Court, by another Cornelius Brower, ah " heir," in which the plaintiff was nonsuited. ^ One Kiersted brought an action for the same purpose, in 185 1, in the Court of Common Pleas, and another, in 1852, in the Supreme Court. The former suit was abandoned ; the latter was decided, in 1856, against the plaintiff. The heirs, full of Dutch blood and Dutch obstinacy, were not yet satisfied. Legal technicalities might defeat their attempts to get " their own " again, but, at all events, the church had no right to it. The grant of Lord Corn bury being, in their belief, void, all that had then belonged to the crown now belonged to the State, and those pleas which had been so effectual against them could not hold against the People. Once the title of Trinity disproved, there would be time enough to settle the boundaries be tween the Queen's Farm, which would remain to the State, and the Dominie's Bouwery, which would come to them. ' See Paige's Reports, vol. vii., pp. 195-198, and Wendell's Reports, vol. xxiv., pp. 587-640. 358 MORE LAWSUITS. This was not the first time that such an attempt had been made. When Trinity Church was reorganized by the Legislature, in 1784, numerous petitions were present ed on the subject, and among them one from the descend ants of Anneke Jans. On November 22, 1784, a commit tee was appointed by the House to examine the laws and records, and to report on the crown lands — the King's Farm and Garden, and all other lands conceived to belong to the State. On February 17, 1785, the committee reported in favor of a bill authorizing the attorney-general to pro ceed, without delay, to recover the King's Farm and Gar den and establish the People's claim. A petition was re ceived from Trinity remonstrating against this action, and, although the bill was passed by the House, it never be came a law. The question apparently arose again in 1836, for the commissioners of the land office in that year signed an opinion and a statement of facts that Trinity had "a valid, subsisting, and absolute title to the lands referred to." In 1854, however, the "heirs" began again, and Mr. Rutger B. Miller, in behalf of himself and his associates, succeeded in making an arrangement with the commis sioners of the land office, by which the attorney-general was directed to bring a suit against the church, provided that the State should be indemnified against any expense, and that evidence should be first presented showing the title of the State. Miller's offer was to carry on the suit at his own expense, on condition that one-quarter of the estate recovered should be given to him. After some hesi tations the suit was begun, but the bargain had to be aban doned, as it was shown to be contrary to the constitution, which appropriates all escheated estates to the Common School Fund. It took the form of an action of ejectment to recover a lot of land on Murray Street ; and, as this did MORE LAWSUITS. 359 not form part of the Anneke Jans farm, there was no em barrassment of the decision of the point of law by outside matters. The case was tried in 1859, and the people were nonsuited. This judgment was affirmed at the General Term, and again, in i860, by the Court of Appeals, the court of highest resort.' Perhaps the most amusing attempt to get possession of the Trinity Church property, though not connected di rectly with the heirs, was the suit brought in 1871, in the Superior Court of New York, by Rev. David Groesbeeck, against Mr. William E. Dunscomb and the Rev. Morgan Dix. Mr. Groesbeeck demanded that a receiver should be appointed to take charge of the property of the church, on the grounds th^t he is a successor of the original corpora tors (how he does not show) ; that the " trust estate " has been diverted from the purposes of the founders, which were " to prevent the increase of vice and immorality in the city of New. York, and not merely to support the para sites of any sect ; " " that the Jewish rabbi and his congre gation contributed funds to build the original parish church of Trinity ; " that " he is of the same faith, baptism, and communion as the wardens and vestrymen of Trinity on February 4, 1714 ; " that " he is a Protestant, a Trinitarian, and a believer in the doctrines of the Christian commu nion, as established by the synod or ecumenical council (!) of Dort ; " " that he has taken the sacrament in a chapel of Trinity ; " that " he is, and long has been, ready, will ing, and anxious, being a Protestant minister of the gos pel, and without a church edifice, to preach in said parish church ; " that the property of the church is being wasted "in seeking to acquire and establish 'a political weight,' and boasting thereof, in having threatened the Legislature ' Smith's Reports of the Court of Appeals, vol. viii., pp. 44-67. 360 FINAL SUIT. of the State with contempt, in having neglected to provide for the poor of the parish, while pampering the pride of the worldly-minded and laying up treasures on earth in bonds and mortgages," and in preaching blasphemies and heresies ; that stipends and salaries are paid for preaching such blasphemies ; that the communion of Roman Catho lics and Protestants is denied, and the services of the Greek Church admitted; that the establishment of "houses of able-bodied young women " is advocated ; that vice and immorality have been allowed to increase ; and that the defendants refuse to return the farm to the heirs of Anneke Jans. The defendants demurred to this complaint, on the ground that there was a defect of parties in the omission of Trinity Church, and that there were no facts stated suf ficient to constitute a cause of action. The demurrer was very naturally allowed, and as the judge was " satisfied that the plaintiff's notions as to his rights and remedies were wild, visionary, and absurd," he thought he did " an act of great kindness to him" in dismissing the complaint altogether, and not allowing him to amend it. He thought too that the costs and allowances should be made large enough to deter men from that kind of litigation.' It might naturally be supposed that all legal remedies had been exhausted. But no. In 1877 a certain Rynear Van Giessen, claiming to be a descendant (of the seventh generation) of Anneke Jans, presented to the surrogate of Albany County a family Bible and a pair of gold earrings, which it was asserted had belonged to Anneke Jans, and applied for the appointment of administrators of her estate. This application was refused by the surrogate. The question was argued on appeal before the General ' Howard's Practice Reports, vol. xli., pp. 302-345. THE CASE "of THE HEIRS. 361 Term of the Supreme Court, in 1879, and finally before the Court of Appeals, in 1881, when the decision of the surrogate was fully sustained.^ In colonial times the Legislature enacted laws to quiet titles to lands. It may come to pass that our State Legislature will have to act in this case, and make it a misdemeanor for anyone to attempt to disturb the church in her possession of Anneke's farm or any part thereof. Suppose that the heirs should gain possession, of what particular advantage would it be to them ? Suppose that the heirs had increased in the same ratio as in the first two generations, and that the sixty -two acres of land, with their buildings, were worth sixty million dollars — a liberal esti mate, after deducting for streets — they would have about two hundred dollars each ! The heirs, in their excitement (1830-1847), did not sit down and figure out this problem, but rushed up and down through the State, searching church and municipal records for a pedigree, and ready to sell their grandmothers' spoons to obtain the where withal to contribute to the funds, lest they should be left out when the grand division should be made ! In view of the repeated decisions of the highest judicial tribunals, and of their publicity, any lawyer who can now advise or encourage the descendants of Anneke Jans to waste their money in any proceedings to recover this property must be considered as playing on the ignorance of simple people, and as guilty of conscious fraud, and of an attempt to obtain money under false pretences. As one of the heirs, I rejoice that the property is in the possession of a church, which has used and will use its in- ' See New York Reports, vol. Ixxxiii. (Court of Appeals, Sickels), pp. 348-358, Rynear Van Giessen vs. Samuel Bridgford. Also, 18 Hun, 80. 362 NICHOLAS SCPIUYLER. come to build churches and colleges ' for Christian and edu cational purposes, and not in the hands of a corporation, which would use it to swell individual and private fortunes. It is to be hoppd that it will remain in the hands of the present owners so long as they use it wisely. I am the more free to express such a wish, a^s I, personally do not belong to the Episcopal Church. Nicholas Schuyler (12) vvas educated a physician, and in the first year of the Revolutionary War was on the staff of the medical director of the Northern Department, Dr. Stringer. He was afterward appointed surgeon of Colo nel Moses Hazen's regiment, with which he served to the close of the war. After his marriage to Shinah Simons, member of a prominent Jewish family of Philadelphia, on August 13, 1782, he returned to his home at Stillwater, and engaged in the "practice of his profession. When the county of Rensselaer was organized, he was appointed its first clerk, on February 18, 1791. He then removed to Troy, the county-seat, and entered upon the duties of his office, al though he did not wholly give up the practice of medi cine ; he was clerk of the county fifteen consecutive years. Having no children, he was indifferent to the ac quisition of an estate, and cared only to accumulate suffi cient to carry himself safely through the journey of life. For his services in the war, the State assigned to him four lots of land of five hundred acres each, three of which were located in Onondaga County and one in Cayuga. One of the lots was reclaimed by the State as part of the saline district, but was not replaced by another. He was ' Columbia College was founded on the avails of a lottery, but her great wealth is derived from a liberal slice of the King's Farm, bestowed by Trin ity Church, by a deed dated May 15, 1755. SAMUEL SCHUYLER. 363 not worried, and made no claim. It was evident to the most short-sighted, that lands situated as were his military lots would soon become valuable for farming purposes, as emigration from the Eastern States to the unoccupied lands of New York was very large ; but he did not see it, or, if he did, it made little impression on him, for he sold his lands for a nominal consideration. His wife inherited a large tract of land lying in one of the Southern States, which in a few years would have been a fortune to him, but he never troubled himself about it, and it passed out of his possession. Toward the close of life, having lost his wife and being lonely, he removed, with his adopted daughter (Henrietta Schuyler (26)), to the residence of his brother-in-law, Major James Van Rensse laer, at Crystal Hill, three miles south of Albany on the river. There, in congenial society, he passed the last few years of his life happy and contented. Samuel Schuyler (13), because he had been a clerk ia the Commissary Department, was called captain by cour tesy. He never married, and lived for the most part with his relatives, now with one,, and now with another. For a few years he was the guest of my father, when I was a boy. He was very short-sighted, and quite irascible in temper. . His young nephews soon found out his weak nesses, and would often provoke him with their practical jokes and harmless tricks, for which, when caught, their backs were made to smart ; but as soon as he had vindi cated himself the tempest subsided, and he was all kind' ness and generosity. Politically he was a Democrat, the only one in his family ; he held to the faith so firmly, that no amount of argument or ridicule could shake his hold. Although tiis sight was very defective, his chief en joyment was in reading. The Bible and Edwards' "His tory of Redemption " were his favorite books. On bright, 364 ELSIE SCHUYLER. sunny days of winter he ¦\vould sit by the hour near a window, with one of those books before his face and the other by his side. He had a long nose, which appeared the longer by the loss of teeth, and, when the light began to fade, it was used as a pointer to trace the printed lines. Poor Uncle Sammy ! Often in these latter years I think of thee ! Thy years, though many, were not fortunate. Thy life was one of faith, and when thou wast summoned thou wast ready ! Thou hast gone to thy rest, and art no longer troubled by wicked boys ! Elsie Schuyler (14) was married to her first husband. Dr. Bogart, in June, 1783. After a brief pleasure trip, she returned to her father's at Stillwater, to make her final preparations for a permanent residence with her husband in New York. Her mot'ner embraced the opportunity to visit, with her younger children, some relatives living at a distance, and she was left alone with the servants to care for the house. While so employed she received a call from some distinguished visitors, who sought entertain ment for the night. General Washington, in company with Governor Clinton, left the encampment of the army at Newburgh about the middle of July, for the purpose of inspecting the battle-fields of Saratoga and the Mohawk Valley. At Albany he was joined by General Schuyler, and on horseback the company proceeded on the journey. On their arrival at Stillwater, General Schuyler conducted them to the residence of Harmanus Schuyler to spend the night. Their visit was unexpected, but Elsie was self-pos sessed, and did not allow herself to be disconcerted, and received them with graceful courtesy ; she was dignified in manner, and possessed more than ordinary beauty of person. She appreciated the honor of having Washington for her guest, but made no effort at display ; she gave him the simple and substantial fare of her father's house. DIRCK SCHUYLER. 365 and lodged him in a clean and comfortable room. After breakfast the next morning, as her guests were about to leave, Washington, in his habitually grave and courteous manner, took her hand and raised it to his lips. It was a kiss never to be forgotten. Nearly fifty years afterward, when languishing in her last illness, her youngest nephew, wjio had never before seen her, called to pay his respects. When taking leave, he approached her bedside, and was about to kiss her on her lips, she held up her hand, and, said, " Not my lips, George, but my hand, once kissed by Washington." ' Dirck Schuyler (15) was named for his great-grand father, Dirck Ten Broeck. In time the name was changed to Derick. In the allotment of lands to the Revolutionary soldiers by the State of New York, he drew two lots of five hundred acres each, both lying in the present town of Ithaca. One was sold at a low price ; the other, after April, 181 1, was the homestead of my father. Derick did not marr)"-, but died a bachelor in the forty-ninth year of his age. John H. Schuyler (16), the H. standing for Harmanus, to distinguish him from other Johns, received a fair edu cation in the best English schools of Albany, and was prepared with reference to the mercantile business. On leaving school, instead of entering a counting-house, as was intended, he became the private secretary of John Barker Church, with whom he spent several years. As a relative of Mrs. Church, he was received into the family, and accorded more privileges than were usually granted to young men of that position. Mr. Church resided in New York, but his business frequently called him to Philadelphia and Boston, usually accompanied by his ' Some years since this anecdote appeared in the Magazine of American History, over the signature of a well-known author, without credit to the original source. I now reclaim my own. 366 JOHH H. SCHUYLER. secretary. Schuyler soon became accustomed to the best English society in the country, and to its usages. Unlike most young men of Dutch descent in his time, he spoke English without an accent, and easily passed, when occa sion offered, for a genuine Yankee. After some years of such employment, he returned to Stillwater, and, without experience or training, engaged in mercantile pursuits. For a time he prospered, but his want of commercial knowledge was a serious hindrance to his ultimate success. He finally gave up the shop, and engaged in farming. Fortune was not propitious, and in the spring of 1811 he removed, 'with all his fam ily, to the present town of Ithaca, N. Y. He settled on Lot No. 57, containing five hundred acres, and situated two and a half miles west from the village. It was one of the military lots assigned to his brother Derick. The country was new and sparsely settled ; it was almost a wilderness. For the want of good roads, and the facili ties of travel, it was farther removed from the old set tlements on the Hudson than are Dakota and Wyoming at the present time. The family, so far removed from their old friends, died out of their remembrance, except of those nearly related. We have seen how Philip, the great grandfather of John H. Schuyler, was supposed to have left no posterity. So now, the line was again believed to have become extinct. Mrs. Cochrane, the youngest daugh ter of General Schuyler, writing to a friend from Oswego, on November 12, 1845, said : "I remember Mr. Harmanus Schuyler, a distant relative, who had been sheriff of Al bany County many years before I saw him, and that is fifty years ago ; not one of his children, and he had many survive." She was mistaken, poor lady, for John, the fourth son, was still living, surrounded by eight living sons and three daughters, with numerous grandchildren. THE FORT FAMILY. 367 As Harmanus Schuyler (10) was the only one of his brothers to continue the direct line, so was John the only one of his six sons to hand down the name and pedigree of his branch of the Schuyler family. There seems little danger now that it will be reduced to such extremities. As a farmer John was a failure. He had been accustomed all his life, up to liis removal to Ithaca, to the unpaid labor of slaves ; he never afterward could adapt himself to cir cumstances, and earn his bread by the sweat of his brow. In a few years the title to his farm was questioned by a land speculator, who had bought the soldier's right from an agent whose power of attorney had been revoked, with a full knowledge of the fact. But he got his fraudulent title on record first, and by this means succeeded in his suit of ejectment. Several years afterward the case was again taken into the courts by Schuyler's son Philip (30), and the former verdict reversed. The farm came back into the family, and its original occupant spent his last years on the homestead. John H. Schuyler married suc cessively Hendrika and Annatje Fort. The Fort Family. The first trustworthy information relating to the ances tor of the Forts is found in a deed for a farm at Canasta gione, situated on the north bank of the Mohawk in the southeast corner of the present town of Clifton Park, Saratoga County. It is dated June 10, 1684, and was given by the administrators of Teunis Wielemse Boots, deceased, to Jean Forte, alias Liberte, " for all the land and real es tate which the said Boots possessed in his lifetime at that place, together with house, barn, stacks, orchard, and lots, which said land has now been inhabited by the said Lib erte for three years, being satisfied with it, as if he owned 368 JEAN FORT. it hitherto.'" Why the alias I am unable to explain. He was a Frenchman, and may have fled from the military despotism of Canada, and, having gained his liberty, he may have adopted the word as one of his names. It was one of the royal ordinances for the government of Canada, that Protestants should not be permitted to live on its soil. When any, in their ignorance of the law, found their way thither, they were required to conform to the established Catholic religion, or leave the country. Some did con form for the time being, to avoid greater evils, but em braced a favorable opportunity to remove to other parts. Before 1700 there were several such men in Albany and its vicinity. Usually they married in the families of the com munity, and became prosperous citizens. There may have been other reasons why Jean Fort adopted the alias. It was not uncommon in those days to have two surnames, or for members of the same family to take different names. He may have come to this country through Holland, as did many of his countrymen and men of other nationalities. His name is variously written in the documents, not by himself, as Le Fort, La Fort, de Fort, but never without the alias Liberte. He or his fam- ' A singular, and in some respects an amusing, mistake has been made as to the first American ancestor of the Forts. Professor Pearson, in his Genealogy of the First Settlers of Albany, introduces Jan Fort Orangien, who married Marie Grande, in New Amsterdam, November 24, 1641, as the first of the family, of whom Jan Fort, alias Liberte, is supposed to be a son. A gentleman of New York, whose family had intermarried with the Forts, prepared a genealogical chart, on which Jan Fort Orangien ap pears as the first ancestor of that kindred family. Had these authors been better acquainted with the provincial records, Jan Fort Orangien would not have occupied the position assigned him. He was a native African, and after serving the West India Company faithfully for nineteen years, was manumitted, with others, on February 25, 1644, by Director Kieft. He probably had served the Company at Fort Orange (Albany) long enough to get his name. The Forts are not a mixed race ; they have a very fair com plexion. JEAN FORT. 369 ily may have been in the province prior to the date named in the deed for the farm. Jean de Frote (Forte ?) joined the Dutch Church in New York, on October 7, 1663, after which the name does not again appear in the church rec ords or elsewhere. Jacob (one of the most usual names in the Fort family) Le Fort was one of the creditors of Joshua Green, in New Amsterdam, in August, 1668. Noth ing more is known of him. Marcus Lafort applied for letters of naturalization in May, 1693. It is not known whether they were granted, or what became of him. Bar tholomew La Fourt, an alien, had his goods seized by the collector of customs, in 1701. Whether he procured the release of his property, and remained in the country, or returned to the place whence he came, is not known. The wife of Jean Fort was Margriet Rinckhout, but the date and place of their marriage are unknown. The brothers Daniel and Jan Rinckhout were in Albany about 1653. . Daniel died in 1662, at the age of thirty-two years, and in his will left his house and all other property to his brother Jan, except twenty-five guilders to a brother in Pomeren, Holland. He could not have had a family, or he would have mentioned them in the will. Jan Rinck hout, a baker by trade, had a family of two children at least — a daughter Gertrude, married to Simon Groot, of Schenectady ; and a son Juriaen, residing in New York in 1703. Jan Rinckhout bought a farm at Schenectady, and in 1670 his wife let his bakery in Albany to Antony Lespi nard, the ancestor of the New York Lispenards. Rinck hout became a recluse, living and dying alone in a hut on his farm. Jean Fort's wife may have been Jan Rinckhout's daughter, and yet, by comparing the dates, she was quite as likely to have been his sister, and married to Fort in Holland. Jean Fort, alias Libert^, made his will -on November 3, Vol. IL— 24 370 JEAN FORT. 1706, in which he names his children — Anna, Johannes, Abraham, Nicolas, Jacob, Mary, Daniel, and Isak. The last was baptized in the church at Albany on September 3, 1699. The will was proved on Octobler 3, 1707. The settlement at Canastagione, on the north bank of the Mohawk River, was somewhat distant from another of the same name on the south side, now Niskayuna. It was made by seven farmers — Jean Fort, Jean Rosie, another Frenchman, often employed as an interpreter on the mis sions to Canada ; Dirck Arentse Bratt, two brothers Jan and Reynier Quackenboss, and the brothers Gerrit Ryckse and Maas Ryckse Van Vranken. The farms were located on the interval along the river, each having about the same frontage ; behind was an unbroken forest. The near est neighbors were across the river, some three miles dis tant, and at Half Moon, on the same side, about five miles below. The settlers chose the wilderness, where they could hold their lands in fee, rather than settle on the manor of Rensselaerwyck under long or perpetual leases. In 1703 Jean Fort sent a petition to the governor for some of the wild land back of his farm, but was not suc cessful. Three years later the seven farmers joined in an arrangement to procure what Fort had individually sought in vain. They entered into an agreement with Colonel Peter Schuyler to procure for them a patent from the gov ernment for a tract of land one mile in depth lying back of their farms, for which they stipulated to pay him £50 on delivery of the patent. The instrument was signed by the several parties except Fort, whose wife signed her own name, " Margret ye wife of Jan Fort Lib ert^." The paper is still preserved uncancelled by one of the descendants of Schuyler. The patent was granted on April 20, 1708, and the next year the parties released to each other one-seventh of the whole. THE FORT GENEALOGY. 371 The settlement, being on the borders of civilization, was not safe from the incursions of unfriendly Indians, and of their savage allies, the Canadian French. Gradually the Rosies, the Bratts, and the Quackenbosses withdrew to safer localities. The Forts and Van Vrankens tenaciously retained possession of their paternal acres. It is shown by a map of Albany and vicinity, published in 1851, that these families still maintained their ground, and were nu merous in the country for miles around. The Forts early established a ferry across the river and opened a road di rect to Albany. The ferry is known to-day as Fort's Ferry. The homestead was not large enough to accommodate the six sons of the original proprietor. Two of them, Abraham and Isak, bought farms in Schaghticoke, and Jacob settled in Half Moon, on the borders of Stillwater. He paid for his farm ;,^8o, and a yearly quit-rent to An thony "Van Schaick of a "half skippel of wheat and six pence currency." GENEALOGICAL TABLE OF THE FORT FAMILY. I. JEAN FORT, alias Liberte, and Margriet Rinckhout. 2. Annatje. 3. Johannes, m. Rebecca Van Antwerpen. 4, Abraham, m. Anna Barber Clute. 5. Nicholas, m. Maritje Van Aiitwerpen. 6. Jacob, d. May 17, 1760. m. I, January 14, 1726, Sara de Wandelier. m. 2, Maritje Oosterhout. 7. Mary, m. Johannes Vedder. 8. Daniel, m. Cerritje Van den Bergh. 9. Isak, m. i, Jacomyna (Joan) Viele. m. 2, Sara Viele. 6. JACOB FORT and Sara de Wandelier, 10. Elizabeth, b. March 5, 1727. m. Jacob J. Van Woert. II. Johannes, b, October 22, 1728, d. ». p. 372 THE FORT GENEALOGY. 12. Abraham, bp. February 3, 1 73 1. m. I, November l8, 1752, Sara Van Woert, d. No vember 22, 1754. m. 2, July I, 1758, Eva Bennewe, d. September 4, 1799. 13. Margaret, bp. March 24, 1734. 14. Harman, bp. January 8, 1737. m. September 6, 1760, Rebecca Van Woert. 15. Leendert, bp. July 6, 1744, d. ». p. 12. ABRAHAM FORT and Sara Van Woert. 16. Margaret, b. November 16, 1753, d. July 2, 1757. 17. A Daughter, b. November 18, 1754, obt. 12. ABRAHAM FORT and Eva Bennewe. 18. Saartje (Sara), b. December 18, 1759. m. Wynant Van der Bergh. 19. Jacob, b. May 22, 1763, d. October 20, 1839. m, September 7, 1783, Antia Vrooman. 20. Annatje, b. June 30, 1767. m. June 4, 1787, Peter Van Ness. 19. JACOB FORT and Anna Vrooman. 21. JeNny, b. December 21, 1784, obt. 22. Jane, b. January 18, 1797. m. Henry P. Van Rensselaer, of Claverack. 23. Abraham, b. January 2, 1799. m. Abby Rogers, d. s. p. in Virginia. 24. Eveline, b. April 22, 1801. m. Douw Van J^echten. 14. HARMAN FORT and Rebecca Van Woert. 25. Hendrika, b. June 6, 1761. m. June 6, 1786, John H. Schuyler, 26. Sara, b. January 11, 1763. m. Dr. Reuben Schuyler, of the Flatts. 27. Jacob, b. July 22, 1764, d. s. p. October 14, 1804. 28. Maritje, b. May 3, 1766, obt. 29. Margreta, b. June 24, 1768, d. y. 30. Annatje, b. March 29, 1770. m. June 10, 1800, John H. Schuyler. 31. Maritje, b. December 18, 1771, obt. An old Dutch Bible in good preservation, originally be longing to Jacob Fort (6) and now in possession of John Van Rensselaer, of Cambridge, N. Y., one of his descend- THE FORT FAMILY. 373 ants, contains many valuable records, on which I have freely drawn in the preceding pedigree. It also contains a paper written in 1835, by Mrs. Abby Rogers Fort, giv ing the genealogy of the Fort family. It states that " the family was originally French, and the true name Le Forte. They emigrated to Holland at the time of the persecution of the Huguenots, and Jacob Le Forte emigrated from thence to this country about the beginning of the eigh teenth century. He had six sons, John, Nicholas, Daniel, Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob." The writer had taken some pains, by correspondence and personal interviews with members of the family, to get at facts. She did not suc ceed in getting the true name of the first American ances tor, but she gave the names of his sons correctly. An natje Fort (30), when speaking of her family, always said that the name was Le Fort, of French origin, and that the family came through Holland to this country. The Dutch Bible of Harman Fort (14), printed in 1736, bv Pieter and Jacob Kuer, Dordrecht, is now in my pos session. It is a thick folio volume bound in boards cov ered with tooled leather, and finished with eight brass corner-pieces and two clasps. Besides the text in two columns to the page, there are marginal references and voluminous foot-notes. It contains maps of Asia Minor, of Egypt, of the countries traversed by the children of Israel in their forty years' wanderings, of the Holy Land, of the countries visited by the Apostles in their missionary tours, and a plan of Jerusalem with the front elevation of Solomon's Temple. There were originally at least twenty- two pages of plates, each containing six illustrations, three by three and a half inches, engraved by D. Jonkman ; but having passed through many hands, and amused sev eral generations of children, it now contains only eleven plates, or sixty-six distinct pictures, which are quaint and 374 THE FORT FAMILY. amusing. The family records once within the covers are sadly mutilated, and many of them lost. When it came to my hands, a few years since, more than half the leaves were loose and misplaced, and the title-page to the Old Testa ment missing. I put it in the hands of a careful binder, who restored it to its original condition, preserving all the old binding. With careful usage it may go down the ages. From the records in these two old Bibles I have mainly prepared the Fort pedigree. It will be noticed that the direct line of Jean Fort's fourth son, Jacob, is extinct. The last of the name died in Virginia during the civil war. He was engaged in a large 'and profitable business when the war commenced. Not wishing to lose his all, he remained, but did not join the rebel ranks. Jacob (27), the only son of Harman Fort, was the first sheriff of Saratoga County, 1791-93. (The name is erroneously printed Ford in the civil list.) He died at the age of forty years, and was never married. In the old French and Indian war of 1744-48, the people on the borders were exposed to great dangers and hard ships. The almost uninterrupted peace of fifty years, since 1697, had made them careless and indifferent as to their defences. The old fort at Canastagione had rotted down and disappeared. The French had erected Fort St. Fred erick at Crown Point, which gave them command of the Lakes Champlain and George and of the upper Hudson. The English, in consequence of the chronic quarrels be tween the governors and the Legislature, neglected to fortify any point on the borders to hold the French in check, but left the settlements north of Albany undefend ed and open to the incursions of the enemy. Suddenly the peace of Europe was broken, and all North America became involved in the horrors of a savage war. Scalping parties from Canada swooped down upon the defenceless THE FORT FAMILY. 375 settlements of New York and New England, killing and capturing the terror-stricken inhabitants. The farmers of Canastagione were especially unfortunate. In the year that Saratoga was destroyed, 1745, several persons were killed, and others carried to Canada to suffer a long imprisonment. Three of Jean Fort's sons and two grandsons were among the unfortunates. Johannes (3) died in prison at Quebec, on December 7, 1746, and his brother Abraham (4) died in the same prison a year later. Jacob (6) fared better ; he succeeded in regaining his lib erty, and returned to his family, but nothing was heard of his son, whose fate was unknown. Simon, a son of Nicho las (5), was a mere boy when carried off. He was adopted by an Indian woman, one of the Mohawk proselytes, in place of her own son, killed on an expedition. After the war, in June, 1750, Governor Clinton sent commissioners into Canada to effect an exchange of prisoners. They could not procure Simon's release, although Captain Van Schaick offered the Indian mother six hundred francs for his ransom. She said that she was much attached to him, and regarded him as one of her own children, but if she were obliged, by the commands of the French governor, to give him up, her friends would follow them and cause them to feel her resentment. On appealing to him to leave the Indians and return to his family, he replied that he was attached to his new friends, and, having become a Catholic, he preferred to remain with them. In the fol lowing autumn his father was more successful, and pro cured his release at an expense of ^^50. Simon returned hom.e, and twelve years later married a daughter of his neighbor. Van Vranken. Harman Fort (14) was a merchant in Waterford, N. Y., in the full tide of a successful business when he died, at a comparatively early age. His wife had died a few years 376 PHILIP SCHUYLER. before. Their children were left to the care of relatives. Only one of them, Annatje, lived to old age ; she died in Ithaca, N. Y., January 12, 185 1, nearly eighty-one years old. Maria Schuyler (19), " Aunt Polly," as she was famil iarly called, lost her first husband within a few years after marriage. Her second marriage was happy. Her hus band had a pleasant place south of the city of Hudson, the land running down to the river. She lived to enjoy her surroundings only a few years, and died in giving life to another. Philip Schuyler (20), the youngest of the family, suc ceeded to his father's property and business. He married, on May 22, 1797, Mary, daughter of Beriah Palmer, who came with a church colony from Canaan, Conn., 1762, and made a settlement at Stillwater. For more than a hun dred years the people of Connecticut had made repeated efforts to gain a foothold in the beautiful valley of the Hudson. At last it was effected. Were the members of this colony the descendants of those who, a hundred years before, negotiated with the Mohawks for the purchase of Half Moon, and failed because Philip Pieterse Schuyler and Goosen Gerritse Van Schaick were too quick for them ? I have been able to procure but little information re lating to this member of the Schuyler family. His mar riage and death are not recorded in the family Bible. These dates were furnished by a correspondent, who knew more about him than any living Schuyler. His death oc curred in 1807, at the early age of thirtj'^-six years. His wife did not long survive him. Their orphan children found a home with their mother's relatives. Two of them died at an early age. The youngest, Deborah, married and had two children, of whom I have been unable to gain any information. GEORGE WASHINGTON SCHUYLER. 377 Harmanus Schuyler (21) and Jacob Fort Schuyler (22) both served in the War of 1812. Philip Church Schuyler (30) was a devoted adherent of the anti-slavery cause, removed to Kansas in 1855, and threw himself warmly into the struggle for making it a free State. George Washington Schuyler (32) graduated at the University of the City of New York in 1837. He studied theology, but subsequently, in order to extricate a brother from difficulties, engaged in business at Ithaca, N. Y. He was elected treasurer of the State of New York on No vember 3, 1863, and served for two years. He was ap pointed superintendent of the Banking Department of the State of New York on January 3, 1866, and served until February 14, 1870. He was a member of the Assembly of 1875, and chairman of its Committee on Banks and Bank ing, when he obtained the passage of the General Savings Bank Law, and of a law for the protection of railway employees. He was subsequently, from January i, 1876, to May, 1880, Auditor of the Canal Department, and was the first to propose making the canals free waterways by the abolition of tolls — a recommendation which was subse quently effected by a constitutional amendment. As au ditor he was at the same time one of the New Capitol Commissioners. He has been a trustee of Cornell Uni versity from its foundation, and was its treasurer (without salary) from 1868 to October, 1874, when he resigned. He married, in 1839, Matilda Scribner. The genealogy of the Scribner family is inserted in the Appendix. Nicholas Bleecker, Jr. The husband of Catherine Angelica Schuyler (33) was descended from Jan Jansen Bleecker, the ancestor of the Bleecker families in America, who, in 1658, at the age of ^yS- NICHOLAS BLEECKER, JR. seventeen, emigrated to Albany from Meppel, in the Neth erlands. According to the custom of his native country, he had been taught a trade, which he abandoned soon after his arrival for the more profitable business of a mer chant. He married Margarita, daughter of Rutger Jacob- sen Van Schoenderwoert. In his business he was more than ordinarily successful, and soon became a leading man in his community. He made large purchases of lands, usually in company with others, which laid the foundations of considerable estates for the enjoyment of his posterity. He was one of the seven partners in the famous Saratoga Patent, some portions of which are yet in the possession of his descendants. He was named one of the first aldermen, and also " chamberlain," or treasurer, in the charter of Albany of 1686. In 1690 he was a mem ber of Leisler's Assembly, and also represented his county in the Sixth and Seventh Assemblies, 1698-1700. He was recorder in 1696, and mayor in 1700. He died on No vember 21, 1732, in his ninety-second year, leaving a family of four sons and four daughters. Two of the sons, Nicho las and Henry, died unmarried. The other two and sev eral of their descendants have held prominent positions in the professional and political circles of the province and State. Johannes, the eldest sort of Jan Jansen Bleecker, suc ceeded his father as mayor of Albany in 1701, having pre viously served one year as recorder. When eighteen years old he was on a trading expedition, in company with others, among the Indians of the Northwest, and was taken pris oner by the French. He was carried into Canada, but was released and returned to his home in the following year, 1687. He was acquainted with the Iroquois lan guage, and was often employed in negotiations with the Five Nations. His son Nicholas married Margarita Rose- THE BLEECKER FAMILY. 379 boom, on April 10, 1728, and had several children, one of whom, Johannes, married Margarita Van Deusen. The latter had a family of two sons and three daughters. Mar garet, the eldest daughter, married John Van Schaick. Harriet married Rev. John B. Romeyn, D.D., a prominent Presbyterian clergyman, of New York City. Elizabeth, the third daughter, married Rev. Jacob Brodhead, D.D., a distinguished minister in the Reformed (Dutch) Church, and father of the late J. Romeyn Brodhead, the historian, of New York. His son Henry married Mary Storm, and- died in his thirtieth year, leaving one daughter. Nicholas Bleecker, Jr., the youngest of the family, married, first, Catharine Staats, daughter of an old Albany merchant ; and, secondly, Catharine A. Schuyler. By his first wife he had one daughter, Margaret, who married Anson Bangs, lately deceased. She and her two sons, Bleecker and An son, reside in Brooklyn, N. Y. Nicholas Bleecker, Jr., as he always wrote his name, was long connected with the old Bank of Albany, as one of its most faithful and trusted officers. He was deputy State treasurer from 1864 to 1867. As a man he 'was modest and unobtrusive ; he had a high sense of honor, and in all the relations of life he bore himself without reproach. He died at an advanced age, like many of his family in preceding generations. Rutger, youngest son of Jan Jansen Bleecker, was also the recorder of Albany, and mayor 1726-28. He married Catalina, daughter of David Schuyler and his wife, Cata- lyn Verplanck, and then the widow of Johannes Abeel, by whom he had four children. His only daughter, Mar garita, married Edward Collins, only son of John Col lins and his wife, Margarita Schuyler. His eldest son, John, married Elizabeth Staats. Their son Rutger mar ried Catharine Elmendorf, and had Elizabeth, who married Peter Brinckerhoff, of New York ; Maria, who married 380 THE BLEECKER FAMILY. Morris S. Miller, of Utica ; Blandina, who married Hon. Charles E.. Dudley ; John R., who married, first, Eliza Bridgen, secondly, Mrs. Hetty Linn. Mr. Dudley was a State senator, mayor of Albany, and United States senator. Mrs. Dudley, in memory of her husband, founded the Dudley Observatory at Albany. John R. Bleecker had six children, the youngest of whom, Mary, married the Hon. Horatio Seymour, late governor of the State of New York. Jacobus, or James, second son of Rutger Bleecker, the elder, married Abigail Lispenard, of New York, and had several children, one of whom, John J., married Ann Eliza Schuyler, the poetess, daughter of Brandt Schuyler, of New York. Alexander Hamilton Schuyler (42) entered the army early in 1863, as did also his brother Henry (43). Their regiment was sent to the front when General Grant en tered on his Virginia campaign. Alexander was taken prisoner by the Confederates, and sent to the military prison at Andersonville, where he was attacked by fever, and died from want of proper medical treatment and ordi nary care. His sufferings, as related to me by a compan ion, were terrible. I never think of them without a feeling of horror and indignation, that men claiming to be Chris tians should have permitted them. Henry was never heard of after the campaign began. It is supposed that he was killed in battle, but how and where he died is un known. He lies among the unrecorded dead. John Edwin Schuyler (63) was with the army under General Banks before Port Hudson and on the Red River. He had read for a physician, and was ¦well qualified for an assistant in the hospital department. He remained with his regiment through the war, and at its close he was honorably discharged. He was frequently under fire, but escaped without a wound. NICHOLAS TEN BROECK SCHUYLER. 38 1 Nicholas Ten Broeck Schuyler (64) was born in Hud son, N. Y., but emigrated to Kansas in 1859, where he was engaged in farming when the civil war began. He en listed in the Second Kansas Infantry Regiment, which shortly afterward participated in the battle of Wilson's Creek. He was wounded, but was enabled to leave the field with his regiment. After his discharge, in Septem ber, 1861, he enlisted, the following October, in the Second Kansas Cavalry, and was appointed orderly sergeant in Company H, in which position he remained until January, 1864. He was then appointed a captain in the Second In fantry Regiment of Arkansas Volunteers. A few months previously the commissioned officers of his regiment had united in a petition to have him appointed to a vacant captaincy in the Second United States Cavalry, but, hav ing no friends at headquarters to push his claims, the ap pointment was given to another. He served through the war, and was honorably discharged, on August 8, 1865, at Clarksville, Ark. One of his exploits is worthy of record. I give it in his own words, as contained in a letter 3'ears afterward, in an swer to one of mine asking for information : " I caa only speak from memory, as all my papers relat ing to my campaigning were lost in the battle of Saline River, on the retreat of General Steele from Camden to Little Rock. General Blount was in command of the Union Army when the battle of Fort Wayne, Ind. Ten, was fought. He had five regiments of infantry, three of cavalry, and two batteries. It was his intention to sur prise the enemy, and for this purpose we made a night march. At daybreak the general at the head of the cav alry, with Captain Rab's battery, advanced rapidly, and when near Fort Wayne formed the line of battle. Four companies of the Kansas cavalry, dismounted, Captain 382 NICHOLAS TEN BROECK SCHUYLER. Crawford commanding, were on the right, myself acting as left guide. We charged on the run, when a battery of four large guns opened on us. Without wavering we rushed on through brush and undergrowth, which par tially concealed us. After traversing about four hundred yards, we reached tlie battery, and, mounting one of the guns, I called for assistance to run them to the rear. This was quickly rendered, and we secured the four guns with one caisson. It was hot work, the enemy's bullets flying thick around us, but it was finished before our officers comprehended the situation. The loss of the bat tery was a serious blow to the rebels, who, whites and In dians, were in large force under command of General Cooper. They soon retreated from their position, and left the field to the Union boys. In less than an hour after the command was given to charge, the battle was over, and the enemy flying in all directions. I had com mand of the captured guns while the officers of my regi ment were trying to secure my promotion. They failed, and I surrendered them to another." Frederick Schuyler (77) was one of the Kansas boys who volunteered at the commencement of the war. In the battle of Wilson's Creek he was shot in the ghest, and left on the field by his company on their retreat, supposed to be mortally wounded. Captain Conrad, of the regular army, an old acquaintance, found him braced against a tree with the blood oozing from his wound ; but, perceiv ing that he had more life and strength than was at first supposed, he assisted him to mount a mule, and conducted him within the Union lines. His wound was dressed, and after a few days he was carried in an ambulance to St. Louis, and placed in the hospital. When he had suf ficiently recovered to perform some clerical work, he was employed in the office of the adjutant-general of the State. F.REDERICK SCHUYLER. 383 He was a good penman, and, being a man of fine personal appearance and of gentlemanly manners, he quickly won his way to higher positions. He 'B'as first appointed assist ant adjutant-general, with the rank of captain, and then lieutenant-colonel of a cavalry regiment. Subsequently he received the commission of inspector-general of the State troops in the field, with the rank of colonel. He re tired from the service a year after the end of active hos tilities, and returned to his home in Kansas. He died in Dakota on June 16, 1884. Howard Schuyler (79) was a few months past sixteen years of age when he volunteered as a private soldier in a Kansas regiment, in May, 1861. Under General Lyon he was in the battles of Forsyth, July 25th ; Dug Springs, August ist, and Wilson's Creek, August 10, 1861. In the last he was slightly wounded in the hand, and his clothes were pierced with five bullets. His regiment, having served its term of six months, was disbanded, and he joined the Eleventh Kansas Infantry early the next year. His regiment was attached to the army of General Blount, then in Arkansas, and participated in the battles of Cane Hill, November, 1862, and of Prairie Grove, in the follow ing December. In January, 1863, he was commissioned first lieutenant for bravery in the field, but declined the position, because of his youth and inexperience. In June following he was appointed second lieutenant in the artil lery, which he also declined. Three months afterward he accepted the commission of captain in the Eleventh United States Colored Troops. His reasons for this, and its out come, I will give in his own words. They reveal the high character of a man not yet twenty years old : " These (colored) regiments at that time were in great disfavor and bad odor. I had faith in being able to make them good soldiers, and I certainly worked hard to that 384 HOWARD SCHUYLER. end. Their officers were not treated at all times with the courtesy which I thought their past services entitled them to. Although I think I was not personally unpopular, yet, being young and hot-headed, the constantly recurring slights to the corps involved me in many unpleasant scenes. On this account I at last tendered my resigna tion ; and, unwilling to desert the cause while there was need of every man, I was returned, at my own request, to the ranks of my old company. Not long after I was sum moned before an examining board, on whose report the Secretary of War commissioned me first lieutenant in the Fourth Arkansas Cavalry. I may say to you that the board reported me for higher rank, but it was thought that I was not old enough. My company had no captain, and I was its commanding officer for several months, when I was considered of sufficient age to be made its captain. Such are the ways of the service ! " In May, 1865, he was recommended to a majority, but, the war coming to a close, he was mustered out of the service before he reached a higher grade or the twenty-second year of his age. He was offered a commission in the regular army, but declined to accept it. Soon after re turning to his home he joined the Engineer Corps of the Kansas Pacific Railway, and assisted in its survey and construction until it was completed to Denver. He then aided in the organization of the Denver & Rio Grande Railway Company, and was made its secretary and treas urer. In its service he visited Europe, to examine the narrow gauge railways, and to interest foreign capitalists in its construction. He remained with the company three years, when he was appointed chief engineer of the North Pacific Coast Railway. After the completion of this road he was engaged in various other enterprises, in all of which he proved himself to be the right man in the right HOWARD SCHUYLER. 38S place. When the Mexican Central Railroad Company was organized, he was appointed chief engineer and superin tendent of construction, on a salary of ten thousand dollars a year. With his family he removed to the city of Mex ico, and entered on his exacting duties. For two years he was thus employed, devoting all his energies to the work, and more hours of each day than his naturally strong con stitution could endure. The climate of that country is not favorable to men born in the North, and this, with his incessant labor and exposures, soon undermined his health. He was obliged to quit his work, and in other countries seek to shake off the disease which had fastened on him. He came to the North, and, after spending a short time in his native village, he sailed for Europe. He placed him self in the care of skilled physicians, who did all that science and experience could suggest to save his life. It was in vain. He died at Davos-Platz, Switzerland, on De cember 3, 1883. Many years ago Howard Schuyler related to me some incidents of his experience on the plains while employed in railroad engineering. Among them was one which, for the danger of the situation and the presence of mind, com bined with courage, which extricated him from the toils of hostile Indians, has few parallels in history or romance. He promised to give me all the details in writing, but his busy life did not afford him the leisure. Happily, his brother James, who was one of his party, has supplied the omission. The following account was published in the Evening Post, of New York, on March 22, 1884 : "In a recent letter from , he informs me of your request that I should write out in detail the story of How ard's miraculous escape from the Indians, as I had nar rated it to yon. If it is a matter of interest to you, it will certainly be a pleasure to me so to do. ¦Vol. II.— 25 386 HOWARD SCHUVLER. "In the month of June, 1869, when the grass and flowers on the plains of Kansas and Colorado were nearly knee- high, the result of unusually abundant rains, which left clear pools of water in all the little arroyos, a corps of Kansas Pacific engineers, under the leadership of Howard Schuyler, were engaged in making certain preliminary sur veys in the vicinity of the terminal town of Phil Sheridan, near the border line of the two States. They had been out on a trip of several months in the direction of Denver, and had returned to the end of the track to begin the defi nite location, which we afterward carried through to Den ver. At this time I had been with the party some two or three months, taking my novitiate in engineering, and-was occupying the position of rodman. Prior to commencing the location, we were running some rapid trial lines north of Sheridan, and by June 19th were some fifteen or twenty miles out in a rolling country, where the heads of the Smoky Hill and Republican Forks of the Kansas River interlock. On the evening before our camp had been brought up to the end of our work, and we started out bright and early on this memorable Saturday morning, so that by 10 o'clock we were several miles away from camp. In all our work we had been accompanied by an escort of fifteen infantry soldiers, under the charge of a lieutenant, acting in the capacity of a camp-guard, who, while they were very useful in guarding our base of supplies, were of no protection to us in the field. Our party numbered thirteen all told, two of whom remained in camp as cook and teamster. The working party was therefore reduced to eleven, including Howard, whose custom it was to ride several miles ahead looking out the line and indicating it by building sod-raounds two or three feet high with a shovel. We followed from one mound to the next, meas uring angles and distances and levelling the ground. Our HOWARD SCHUYLER. 387 progress was almost as rapid as a man would walk at a moderate pace, and we were exceedingly vulnerable to at tack, as we were all separated, strung out over a distance of a mile or more, while Howard was always out of sight and several miles ahead ; but, having been out several months without seeing any Indian signs, we had no suspi cion of danger, and did not dream there were any Indians in the country. We afterward knew that they had been watching us some days, and were simply waiting for the most favorable opportunity to make the attack, having evi dently planned to kill Howard first, and then come back along the line, picking off the rest of the party one by one. " In pursuance of this plan they lay in wait until they had cornered him in a trap, when they fired a shot, striking his horse in the hip ; and, looking around, he saw a long line of the red-painted devils on three sides of him, while on the fourth, in the direction of his party, was half a mile or more of broken ground, cut up by deep, narrow ravines. It took but a moment to decide his line of action. Putting spurs to his horse, he turned to the only loophole of es cape, and, to the surprise of the Indians, went leaping oyer the ravines, one after the other, at the risk of his life, but with the assurance that they could not follow him, as none of their ponies were equal to the work, and to keep up the pursuit they were obliged to tnake a long detour. " Having once got clear of the broken ground, Howard, looking back, found himself well ahead, and was congrat ulating himself on so easy an escape, when he saw directly before him, springing out of the grass, a formidable array of Indians intercepting his flight ; those pursuing in the rear closed up, and, almost before he could realize the situation, he found himself again entrapped, this time by a line of Indians that entirely encircled him, numbering about a hundred, as nearly as hfe could judge. They 388 HOWARD SCHUYLER. rapidly narrowed the limits of the circle, and began taunt ing him with all manner of insults, and telling him of the tortures that awaited him, and of the slow roasting that they proposed to give him. For several minutes he sat on his horse trying to reconcile himself to the certainty that death was before him, but when the first struggle was over all trembling ceased, and with as true an aim as ever hunts man levelled at a deer, he drew up his rifle, and fired at the nearest man, killing him instantly. Earlier in the fight he had realized that he was more lightly armed than usual, having that morning left his belt, with a brace of pistols and a box of cartridges, in camp to be cleaned, taking only his Winchester carbine, carrying twelve shots. He now determined to sell his life as dearly as possible, and, counting every shot, to be sure that he saved one for him self as a last resort in case of capture, since death by his own hand was preferable to slow torture. Twice more he shot in quick succession with fatal effect, when he sud denly put spurs to his horse and dashed through their line. At this moment there was a general scramble and rush for him, some trying for him with their spears, others seizing his legs and striving to unhorse him. He succeed ed in the twinkling of an eye in throwing them all off, and even killed a second man riding at his side, putting his gun against his (the Indian's') body and blazing away, the blood spurting over Howard's buckskin leggings, saddle, and horse. The instant he freed himself from them and got clear alone on open ground ahead of them, where they w-ere not in danger of killing each other in shooting at him, they fired a volley of bullets and arrows at him. None of them hit him, and up to this moment he was entirely unharmed. Had his horse been equally fortunate, this would doubtless have ended the fight, as the horse was a fine, high-spirited animal, superior to any of the Indian HOWARD SCHUYLER. 389 ponies. But the first shot, received at the beginning of hostilities, had cut a small artery, and from this the blood was pumping out a steady stream that, together with his violent exertions, was fast sapping his strength. The In dians, seeing this, were encouraged to continue in pursuit, and their leader, mounted on an American stage-horse (stolen the day before at a stage-station a few miles back, which they had burned, murdering all the inmates), suc ceeded so well in keeping pace with him, that Howard could almost feel the breath from the nostrils of his pur suer's horse. Thus they rode, nose to tail, for a mile or two, the Indian occupying the time in shooting at How ard. Three pistols, six-shooters, he emptied, and bullets flew around poor Howard on every side. Four more en tered the poor horse, already so badly wounded, a bullet pierced Howard's clothes at his side, another cut the strap of his field-glass, which was lost ; another cut off his spur, bruising the heel slightly, but not drawing blood ; a fourth pierced the 'wooden breech of his rifle, as he carried it in his hand, alomst striking it from his grasp ; others struck the saddle ; and, in short, they seemed to strike everywhere but where they were aimed. All this time Howard was endeavoring to reach over his, shoulder and get a shot at the Indian, but at every such movement the savage slipped Under the belly of his horse and was out of sight, except a hand on the mane and heel on the back. Finally, all ammunition exhausted, the Indian resorted to his spear, and with the wooden handle gave Howard one or two se vere raps on the head, trying to knock him out of his sad dle, without avail ; but at last Howard's horse, that had been tottering shakily from loss of blood, fell on his knees, and the Indian rushed up to end the contest. At that in stant the horse struggled to his feet again, and Howard saw that his opportunity had come, his foe was at his side. 390 HOWARD SCHUYLER. and he quickly thrust his rifle against the Indian's body and fired, blowing a hole through that seemed as large as one's arm. The Indian shrieked, leaped out of his saddle, and fell to the ground on his face, dead. " Looking about, Howard saw the remainder of the band following at a prudent distance, for by this time they be gan to look upon him as a god, invulnerable to all their weapons. When at last the poor horse fell prostrate, and apparently dead, they all flocked up to make a final dis position of their troublesome enemy. But Howard, un daunted, lay quietly down behind the body of his horse, and when they came within short range, took deliberate aim and fired, killing another man. This unlooked-for disaster completely demoralized them, and they fled in all directions. Within three minutes not an Indian was in sight. He turned his attention to his horse, loosened the girth to take off the saddle, and was surprised' when the animal drew a deep breath and struggled to his feet. He then led him slowly to where the rest of the party had made a stand about their wagon and as he approached from one direction, I came up limping from the other, with a bullet in my right leg. The Indians had paid their gentle attentions to the rest of us during the time Howard was having his fight, but fortunately not in force, and we succeeded in getting together at the wagon, without the loss of a man, I being the only one wounded in the whole engagement. As soon as Howard joined us we started on the retreat for camp, the Indians harassing us the whole way. They would form in single file or all abreast, and charge as though they were going to ride right over us, but on getting within short range would wheel and retire, after discharging a volley of shots that would tear up the earth all around us. This was most terrifying to me, a boy fresh from school, who had never experienced any HOWARD SCHUYLER. 39 1 sort of warfare, and had never even seen a gun fired by one man at another ; but Howard, who had gone through four years of the war of the rebellion, and had seen three years or more of border warfare with Indians, was quite exhilarated by the excitement. He gave them a chal-, leuge by walking alone several hundred yards away on one side. They charged, but retreated when he kneeled and fired. " Arriving at camp, after an hour's ride and running fight, we found the escort thoroughly alarmed, and just starting out to pick up our dead bodies, for they had seen so many Indians about that they made sure we ¦were all killed. It" was a scene of mutual rejoicing and congratulation, as we had feared that they had met an untimely fate. A hasty council of war was held as to what was to be done. We were unanimous in the opinion that it was folly to con tinue work without a larger escort and a personal body guard, besides, it was necessary that my wound should be dressed. Consequently, it was decided to turn our faces in the direction of Sheridan, which we did, arriving there late in the afternoon, the Indians following us all the way seeking an opportunity to attack us again. With them it had become a question of revenge, as they had lost heavily, while we had escaped entirely. " The 'horse that carried Howard so nobly through this fight ultimately recovered. Three of the five bullets were extracted. I afterward took him home to Burlingatpe, where he was carefully fed and pampered for some years till he died. " I recovered from my wound very quickly, and within six weeks rejoined the party, receiving promotion to the first place in the corps — that of transit-man — which I oc cupied until the road was completed. " Our miraculous escape was long the subject of wonder 392 EUGENE SCHUYLER. on the frontier, where it was regarded as the most marvel lous on record, as we fought against such fearful odds. I hope the narrative as I have written it will be intelligible. I fear I have not made it as ciear as I could orally. It always excites me to think or tell of it.'' Eugene Schuyler (8i) graduated at Yale College, in 1859, and, after a further course of study there, was the first to receive the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, in 1861. After studying law at Columbia College (LL.B. in 1863), he began the practice of law in New York, devoting his leisure to literary pursuits. In 1867 he entered the for eign service of the United States, and was successively Consul at Moscow, 1867-69 ; Consul at Reval, 1869-70 ; Secretary of Legation at St. Petersburg, 1870-76 (during which term he was several times Charge d'Affaires for long periods) ; Secretary of Legation and Consul-General at Constantinople, 1876-78; Consul at Birmingham, 1878-79 ; Consul-General at Rome, 1879-80 ; Charge d'Affaires and Consul-General at Bucharest, 1880-82 ; Minister Resident and Consul-General to Greece, Serbia, and Roumania, 1882-84. In 1873, while on leave of absence, he made a long journey of eight months through Central Asia. In the summer of 1876 he was sent to investigate the Turkish massacres in Bulgaria, and his reports did much to influ ence the subsequent history of that country. He 'also as sisted in preparing a constitution for Bulgaria. In 1881, as Plenipotentiary for the United States, he concluded and signed commercial and consular treaties with Rou mania and Serbia. Besides being an occasional contributor to various re- vievs^s and journals in America and England, he edited Porter's "Selections from the Kalevala " (1867), and has published a translation of Turgenef's " Fathers and Sons " (1867); "Turkistan: Notes of a Journey in Russian EUGENE SCHUYLER. 393 Turkistan, Khokand, Bukhara, and Kuldja" (1876) ; a translation of Count Leo Tolstoy's " The Cossacks " (1878); and "Peter the Great" (1884). He received the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws from Williams College in 1882, and from Yale College, his alma mater, in 1885. He has at various times been elected corresponding mem ber of the Roumanian Academy, member of the Royal Asiatic Society, of the Society Asiatique, and of the Royal (London), the Imperial Russian, Italian, and American Geographical Societies ; of the American Historical Asso ciation, and of other learned societies, and has received decorations from the governments of Russia, Greece, Roumania, Serbia, and Bulgaria. He married, in 1877, Gertrude Wallace, daughter of the late Charles King, President of Columbia College, himself a son of Rufus King, one of the first senators from New York. Walter Scribner Schuyler (84) "was graduated from the Military Academy on June 15, 1870, and assigned to the Fifth Cavalry as a second lieutenant, and was pro moted a first lieutenant July 29, 1876. He joined at Fort D. A. Russell, Wy., on October 9th, 1870, where he served, on escort duty with a surveying party during the summer of 1871, until December, 1871, when he accompanied the second detachment of the regiment, by the way of San Francisco and the Gulf of California, to Arizona, and ar rived at Camp McDowell in February, 1872, where he had station, with occasional tours of detached duty, until June. He then entered upon a tour of field service, which con tinued, with few interruptions, until February, 1875. He participated in all the Apache campaigns of that period, and was engaged in the brilliant action at Muchos Ca- fions ; the affairs on the Santa Maria, Sycamore Creek, and in the Red Rock country ; the actions (commanding) on 394 WALTER SCRIBNER SCHUYLER. Pinto Creek, on Lost River, on the Black Mesa, on the east branch of the Verde River, on Cave Creek, on Caiion Creek, in the Superstition and Arivaipa Mountains, near the Gila River, in the Mazatzal Mountains, on the west side of the Four Peaks, in the Four Peaks, and near the north peak of the Mazatzal Mountains. He superin tended the removal of the Apache Yuma Indians from Camp Date Creek to the Verde Reservation, in May, 1873, and was in charge of the agency for several months. He was among the most active, untiring, and successful of the young officers who participated in the Apache campaigns of 1872-75, and was twice nominated to the United States Senate to be a brevet first lieutenant, to date from Sep tember 25, 1872, for gallant conduct in the engagement at Muchos Cafions ; a brevet captain, to date from June 26, 1873, for gallant conduct in the engagement on Lost River ; a brevet major, to date from April 28, 1874, for gallantry in the action at Salt River ; and a brevet lieutenant-col onel, to date from May 14, 1874, for gallant conduct in the engagement in the Red Rock country. " He availed himself, in April, 1875, of a leave of absence, . and visited Europe, and upon his return to the United States rejoined at Fort Hays, Kan., in March, 1876, and served as acting regimental adjutant until June ist, when he was appointed an aide-de-camp for Brigadier-General George Crook, and immediately proceeded to Fort Fetter- man ; whence he made a daring march, with a few men, across the country, which was infested with hostile Sioux, .to Goose Creek, Wy., where he joined the general and participated in the Big Horn and Yellowstone expedition, and was engaged in the skirmishes at Slim Buttes, Dak. He participated in the Powder River expedition during the winter of 1876-77, and was engaged in the brilliant action at Bates Creek (north branch of Powder River), WALTER SCRIBNER SCHUYLER. 395 where he was distinguished for good judgment and con spicuous gallantry. He served with the expedition against the hostile Utes of Colorado during the march from Raw lins, Wy., in October, 1879, to the relief of the besieged troops on Milk Creek, Col, and participated in raising the siege and action at that place on the 5th. He was on a leave of absence from January, 1880, to January, 1882, when he was relieved, at his own request, from duty as an aide-de-camp for Brigadier-General George Crook, and joined his company at Fort Sidney, Neb." ' At Sidney he remained, performing the routine duties of garrison life, until April, 1883, when he changed sta tion, marching with his troop, via Cheyenne and Fort Laramie, to Fort McKinney, Wy. In July of that year he was detailed as commander of an escort to conduct a party of officers to and through the Yellowstone National Park. Returning from this expedition, he was (September) de tailed as Professor of Military Science and Tactics at Cor nell University, Ithaca, N. Y. He was married on December 20, 1883, to Miss Mary Miller Gardiner, of Geneva, N. Y. ' Price's " Across the Continent ¦with the Fifth Cavalry." GENEALOGICAL TABLE. Descendants of Philip Schuyler (Second), in the Female Line, IN PART. As Philip Schuyler had only one child, this table begins with the daughters of his son Nicholas. It is by no means perfect, as I had not the leisure to prosecute my inquiries to the extent necessary to make the work complete. Nicholas Schuyler (3) had three daughters, to wit : 4. Elizabeth, m. Jochem Staats. 6. Ariantia, m. Killian Van Rensselaer. 8. Catharine, m. Johannes Jacob Lansing. Jochem Staats, son of Barent, son of Jochem, son of Dr. Abraham Staats, the emigrant of 1642. His grandfather, Jochem, adhered to Jacob Leisler, and by him was com missioned a captain. When Albany finally submitted to Leisler, he was put in command of the fort. The following genealogical table is copied from the family records contained in an old Dutch Bible, now in possession of one of the Staats families. 4. ELIZABETH SCHUYLER and Jochem Staats. 130. Barent, b. November 8, 1741. m. Annatje Winne. 131. Nicholas, b. September 26, 1743. m. Mallykin {Maria) Saulsbury. 132. Gerrit, b. January 27, 1745 ; d. y. 133. Elsie, b. October 6, 1747. m. William Saulsbury, THE STAATS FAMILY. 397 ; 134. Neltie, b. February 17, 1750. m. John Amory. 135. Gerrit, b. March 2, 1752. m. Elizabeth Low. 136. Philip, b. July 26, 1755. m. Annatje Van Alstyne, 137. Johannes, b. November i, 1756. m. Jane Shauts. 138. Annatje, b. December 7, 1759 ; d. February 26, 1794, un married. 130. BARENT STAATS and Annatje Winne. ¦ 139' Jochem, b. April 27, 1769. 140. David, b. September 19, 1771. 141. Cathalyna, b. January II, 1774. 142. Gerritje, b. April 18, 1777. 143. Elizabeth, b. May 3, 1779. 13J- NICHOLAS STAATS (a colonel in the Revolutionary War) and Mallykin (Maria) Saulsbury, 144. William, b. June 16, 1773. 145. Jochem, b. January 25, 1777 ; d. y. 146. Jochem, b. August 25, 1778. 134 NELTIE STAATS and John Amory, 147. Elizabeth, bp. June 28, 1772. 135- GERRIT STAATS and Elizabeth Low, 148. Cornelis, b. August i, 1780. 149. Maria, b. Febraary 22, 1781. 150. Elizabeth, b. April 26, 1782. 151. Samuel Provost, b. September 6, 1784. 13* PHILIP STAATS and Anruitje Van Alstyne. 152. Elizabeth Schuyler, b. March 14, 1789 ; d. unmarried, Sep tember 13, 1851. 153. Abraham P., b. February 11, 1791. m. Barthia Leggett, 154. Jochem P., b. May 7, 1793. m. Catherine Brcese. 155. Barent P., b. September 25, 1796. m. I, Maria Gourley, m. 2, Maria Winne. m. 3, Caroline Porter, 156. Peter, b. May 8, 1800 ; d. y. 157. Peter P., b. January 20, 1803. m. Hetty Piatt. 158. Philip P., b. May 23, 1807. m. ¦ A Idrich, 398 THE STAATS FAMILY. 153. ABRAHAM P. STAATS and Barthia Leggett. 159. Philip, b. January 25, 1814. 160. Rachel, b. January 23, 1816. 161. Anna Maria, b. January 13, 1818. m. John Van der Burgh, 162. John T., b. March 16, 1820. m. and has three children. 163. Elizabeth, b. March 17, 1822 ; obt. 154. JOCHEM STAATS and Catherine Breese. 164. Elizabeth, b. April 9, 1818. m. John Miller. 165. Catherine, b. October 30, 1821. m. Peter Van Wie. 166. Anna Abeel, b. July i, 1824. m. Barent Winne. 167. John, b. December 7, 1826. m. Sarah Jessup. 168. Barthia, b. January 26, 1829. 169. Jochem, b. October 14, 1831. m. Catherine Miller. 170. Philip, b. August 28, 1833. m. Laura Sprague. 155. BARENT P. STAATS and Mari'a Gourly. 171. Helen, d. y. 172. Helen, m. Samuel Stokes, of Canada. 155. BARENT P. STAATS and Maria Winne, 173. John, d. y. 174. Anna, m. Peter Sickler. 157. PETER P. STAATS and Hetty Piatt. 175. Sarah Ann. 176. Elizabeth, m. Richard Dodge, 177. Charles Platt. 178. Philip. 179. Charles Dudley. 180. Bleecker. 181. Edward, d. y. 182. Mary. 183. Hetty, m. George Haywood, 184. Edward. 158. PHILIP P. STAATS and Aldrich. 185. Peter. i86. Sarah Elizabeth. 187. Jochem. 188. William. KILLIAN VAN RENSSELAER. 399, The members of the Staats family are numerous and widely dispersed. It is quite apparent that the preceding table comprises only a small part of them. The time necessary to make a perfect list I could not well afford. Enough has been done to point the way to others, who may have leisure and inclination to pursue the work. I am indebted to Mrs. Hetty Platt Staats and her family for the little accomplished, and I hold their courtesy in grate ful remembrance. It was a surprise to us all to learn that she and my wife were related to each other in the same degree as her deceased husband and myself — on the one side from Yankee blood, and on the other Dutch. Killian Van Rensselaer, the husband of Ariantia, Schuyler, was the youngest son of Hendrick, son of Jere miah, son of Killian Van Rensselaer, the first patroon of Rensselaerwyck. His mother was Catherina, daughter of Johannes Pieterse Van Brugh and Catherina Roelofse, daughter of Anneke Jans, the celebrated, whose mother, Tryntje Jans, was among the earliest settlers of New Am sterdam. The following table is taken from a Van Rensselaer " chart made by my father, Robert S. Van Rensselaer, 1796 continued by his son Philip, Albany, N. Y., 1847." " Pre sented to Walter Van Rensselaer, New Orleans." Robert S. Van Rensselaer had spent several months in Holland, where he had collected materials to form the chart down to the American branch of the family. I may have erred in the order of birth, as there were no numbers on the chart to guide me. 6. ARIANTIA SCHUYLER and Killian Van Rensselaer. 189. Hendrick, m. i, September 19, 1764, Alida Bratt. m. 2, Nancy G. Simmons. igo. Philip, m. February 15, 1768, Maria Sanders. 191. Catherine, m. William H. Ludlow, d. s. p. 192. Nicholas, m. Elsie Van Buren. 400 VAN RENSSELAER FAMILY. 193. Maria, m. Leonard Gansevoort. 194. Killian, m. Margarita Sanders. 195. Elsie, m. Abraham A. Lansing. 189. HENDRICK VAN RENSSELAER and Alida Bratt. 196. Killian, d. y. 197. Henry, d. y. 198. Catherine, m. Cornelius Schermerhorn. / 199. Solomon, m. Arietta Van Rensselaer. 200. Philip, m. i, Anne Marselius. m. 2, Scobry. 201. John, m. Maria Lansing. 202. Nicholas, m. Nancy Ten Eyck. 189. HENDRICK VAN RENSSELAER and Nancy G. Simmons. 203. David, in. Lydia Carter. 204. Killian, m. Martha Ross. 205. Martha, d. y. 206. Henry, m. Cornelia Van Alstyne. 207. Stephen, m. Bonnell. 190. PHILIP VAN RENSSELAER and Maria Sanders, 208. Elizabeth, m. Peter E. Elmendorf. 209. Robert S., m. Catherine N^icholas Bogart. 210. Arietta, m. Solomon Van Rensselaer. 211. Peter S., m. Sally Hand, 212. Killian, d. y. 213. Philip P., m. Catherine Lansing. 214. Maria M., m. Jacob S. Glen. 215. Schuyler, m. Rebecca McCartey. 216. Sanders, m. Abby McCartey. 192. NICHOLAS VAN RENSSELAER and Elsie Van Buren, 217. Killian, m. i, Catherine Whitbeck. m. 2, Jane Bogart. 218. Magdalena, m. Peter Buckman. 219. Arietta, m. Abraham Whitbeck, 220. Cornelius, m. i, Eveline Gansevoort. m. 2, Maria Genet. 194. KILLIAN VAN RENSSELAER and Margarita Sanders, 221. John S., m. Anna Duncan, 222. William, d. s. p. 223. Deborah, d. y. 224. Richard, m. I, Elizabeth Van Rensselaer. m. 2, Matilda Van Rensselaer. 225. Bernard, m. I, Elizabeth Hun. m. 2, , d. s. p. VAN RENSSELAER FAMILY. 401 193. MARIA VAN RENSSELAER and Leonard Gansevoort. 226. Maria, m. Abraham Hun. 227. Ariantia. 228. Catherine. 229. Elizabeth, m. T. Ross. 230. Johannes. 231. Rachel. 232. Eveline, m. Jacob H, Ten Eyck. 233. Ann. 234. Elsie, d. y. 235. Rensselaer, d. in Louisiana, 1839. 236. Elsie, m. R. M. Cuyler. 195. ELSIE VAN RENSSELAER and Abraham A. Lansing. 237. Abraham Douw, m. Christhia Voorhis. 238. Ariantia Schuyler, d. y. 239. Ariantia, d. y. 240. Catherine, m. February 13, 1804, Philip P. Van Rensselaer. 241. Ariantia, m. 1801, Herman Knickerbacker. 242. Killian V. R., d. y. 243. Magdalena, d. y. 244. Magdalena, d. y. 245. Gerrit, d. y. 246. Killian V. R., m. Amanda Carter, d. December 18, 1874, aged 80 years. 246. KILLIAN V. R. LANSING and Amanda Carter, 247. Elsie. 248. Lydia Carter. 249. Abraham A., m. Cornelia Schoon?naker, 250. Killian V. R., Jr. 251. Eveline Olivia. 252. Arietta Amanda' 199. SOLOMON VAN RENSSELAER and Arietta Van Rensselaer. 253. Adeline. 254. Elizabeth, m. Richard Van Rensselaer (224). 255. Rensselaer, m. Mary G. Foreman. 256. Matilda, m. Richard Van Rensselaer (224J. 257. Margarita 258. Harriet Maria, m. Peter Elmendorf. 259. Catherine Visscher, m. Bonney. 201. JOHN VAN RENSSELAER and Maria Lansing. 260. John. 261. Henry. 1 Nos. 226 to 252 are taken from the Lan.sing family Bible. Vol. IL— 26 402 THE VAN RENSSELAER FAMILY. 262. Stephen. 263. Killian, d. y. 264. Mary Anne. 265. Cornelia, m. Thum, of Philadelphia, Pa. 202. NICHOLAS VAN RENSSELAER and Nancy Ten Broeck. 266. Nicholas. 203. DAVID VAN RENSSELAER and Lydia Carter, 267. Henry, m. Elizabeth Scudder, 268. Martha 269. Lydia. 270. David C. 271. Agnes Gertrude. 204. KILLIAN VAN RENSSELAER and Martha Ross. 272. Edward A. 207. STEPHEN VAN RENSSELAER and Bonnell. 273. Eugene. 209. ROBERT S. VAN RENSSELAER and Catherine N. Bogart.^ 213. PHILIP P. VAN RENSSELAER and Catherine Lansing. 274. Maria, m. David Woodhouse. 275. Abraham L., m. Clarissa Caswell. 276. Elsie L., m. Timothy G. Abrahams. 277. Arietta, m. Robert Holmes. 215. SCHUYLER VAN RENSSELAER and Rebecca McCartey, 278. Sara Maria, m. John W. Wickham. 279. Sanders, m, Melissa Haywood, 280. Elizabeth. 216. SANDERS VAN RENSSELAER and Abby McCartey, 281. Sarah, m. John W. Wickham, 282. Fayette. 283. Rebecca. 284. Cecilia Anne. 285. Maria Matilda. 286. Arietta. 220. CORNELIUS VAN RENSSELAER and Eveline Gansevoort, 287. Cornelia Clinton, d. y. 288. Cornelia. 221. JOHN S. VAN RENSSELAER and Anna Duncan, 289. Maunsell, m. Sarah Anne Taylor. 1 As Catherine Bogart was a granddaughter of Harmanus Schuyler (10), I have placed this family among his descendants. HENDRICK VAN RENSSELAER., 403. 290. Margaret, m. Joseph Russell, 291. Charles, d. s. p. 292. Ann Eliza, m. Alex. H, Hough. 293. Lydia Beekman. 294. Arietta Letitia, m. Leonard Kip. 295. Catherine Beekman, m. , . 296. Louisa. 224. RICHARD VAN RENSSELAER and Elizabeth Van Rensselaer, 297. Maria Elizabeth, d. unmarried. 255. RENSSELAER VAN RENSSELAER and Mary G, Foreman, 298. Solomon. 267. HENRY VAN RENSSELAER and Elizabeth Scudder, 299. Delia Gertrude. 300. Ellen Eliza. 275. ABRAHAM L. VAN RENSSELAER and Clarissa Caswell. 301. Philip P. 302. Catharine A. 279. SANDERS VAN RENSSELAER and Melissa Haywood. 303. Gertrude Glen. W. L. Stone, in "-Burgoyne's Campaign," says of. the Van Rensselaers, that " they consisted of eighteen males in 1776. During the war every adult, except two old men, and all minors, except four boys, bore arms at one or more battles during the Revolutionary struggle." Of the eighteen males, sixteen belonged to Hendrick's branch ; and of these, five were of Killian's (6) family. Hendrick Van Rensselaer (189) was a colonel in the Revolutionary army. He and Colonel Long were directed by General Schuyler to hold the enemy in check at Fort Anne until the cannon and armament of Fort George could be removed to a place of safety. The English, under Colo nel Hill, were in pursuit of the patriots from Lake Cham plain up Wood Creek, and on their approach to Fort Anne Van Rensselaer and Long sallied from the fort, on the morning of July 8, 1777, and attacked them so vigorously that they were obliged to retire to a stronger position on 404 SOLOMON VAN RENSSELAER. a hill. Here they were again attacked with such impetu osity that, had it not been for the timely arrival of succor. Hill must have surrendered or retreated in confusion. The English had had enough, and in the following night retreated, leaving their wounded on the field. Colonel Van Rensselaer was so severely wounded that he was obliged to retire from the service. After his deatii the ball, which he had carried for more than thirty-five years, was extracted from his thigh-bone. Philip Van Rensselaer (190) was engaged in the com missary department, where he rendered efficient service. Nicholas Van Rensselaer also held the grade of colo nel, and was in the decisive battles on the heights of Still, water. After the surrender of Burgoyne, he was de spatched by General Gates to convey the intelligence to Albany. Killian Van Rensselaer (194) was one of the minors referred to by Mr. Stone. After the war he studied law, and became a prominent man in the profession. He was elected to Congress five successive terms, and was an effi cient member. Solomon Van Rensselaer (199) is an historical character. As a captain of cavalry he participated in the battle with the Indians on the Maumee River, in 1794, and was shot through the lungs. He recovered from the wound, and in 1812 he accompanied General Stephen Van Rensselaer to the northern frontier. At the battle of Queenstown he received six wounds, and was disabled. His recovery was slow, but he regained his health, and rendered other im portant services to his country. Nicholas Schuyler's third daughter, Catherine, was not married when her father made his will. It was a long time before I could trace her. In Pearson's " First Set tlers of Albany," I found that John Jacob Lansing married CATHERINE SCHUYLER. 405 a Cathalyna Schuyler (about 1747), and that a Rev. Nicho las Lansing died at Tappan, September 26, 1835, aged eighty-seven years. I acted on this clue, although I was by no means certain that Cathalyna was Nicholas Schuy ler's daughter Catherine. After inquiries among various Lansing families of Albany, who knew nothing of John Jacob, I chanced to inquire of an English gentleman re siding at Yonkers, whether he could give me the address of anyone at Tappan ? He gave me the name of an ac quaintance living at Closter, an adjoining town. I wrote to him, and received in reply that he had heard Dominie Lansing preach in Dutch, but knew nothing of his family. He referred me, however, to Lansing Zabriskie, Esq., of Jersey City, who might solve my questions. In reply to my letter, Mr. Zabriskie wrote : " Nicholas Schuyler had three daughters, one of whom, Catherine, married John Jacob Lansing ; " and then gave the names of their children, and whom they married. As to Elsie Lansing, who married Dickinson, and had several children, he "believed them all to be dead." Subsequently I learned that there was a lawyer by the name of Dickin son living at Nyack, near Tappan, who informed me that the Dickinsons were not " all dead." From these two gentlemen I have received the following names of descendants of Catherine Schuyler : 8. CATHERINE SCHUYLER and Johannes Jacob Lansing, 304. NicoLAAS, bp. September 11, 1748. m. Dickinson, d. o. p. 305. Lena, bp. November 4, 1750. m. I, John Zabriskie. m. 2, Abraham Oothout, 306. Jacob, bp. August 12, 1753. m. and had a daughter, who died unmarried. 307. Philip, bp. November 28, 1756. 308. Elsie, bp. July 15, 1759. m. Charles Dickinson, brother of Nicolaas' (304) wife. 4o6 JOHN JACOB LANSING. 305. LENA LANSING and John Zabriskie. 309. Sarah, m. Abraham Van Duscn , descendants live at Adrian, Mich. 310. Catherine Schuyler, m. Walter Van Vechten; had one daughter, and resided at Brooklyn, N. Y. 311. John L., m. Sarah Bancd.. 305. LENA LANSING and Abraham Oothout. 312. Lansing ; residence, Schenectady, N. Y. 311. JOHN L. ZABRISKIE and Sarah Banch. 313. John B. 314. Abraham O. 315. Mary A. 316. Catherine Schuyler, m. Henry Starr, Brooklyn, N. Y. 314. ABRAHAM O. ZABRISKIE and . 317. Lansing. 308. ELSIE LANSING and Cliarles Dickinson. 318. Charles, d. s. p. 319. Catherine, d. s. p. 320. John, d. a. p. 321. Dorcas, m. Rev. Joshua Boyd ; had one child, d. y. 322. Cornelia, d. ». p. 323. Cornelius, m. . 324. Jacob, m. ; had one son, d. unmarried. 323. CORNELIUS DICKINSON and . 325. William, m. ; has a large family. 326. Dorcas, m. John C, Gale ; has several children. 327. Robert, m. ; has two children. 328. Sophia, m. ; has two children. 329. Marcen A M. , m. ; has eight children. 330. Charles, d. s. p. 331. John Jacob, d. a. p. 332. Ann Eliza, m. William Depue ; has two children. 333. Cornelia R., m. William S. Kelly ; has four daughters. John Jacob Lansing was a son of Jacob, son of Gerrit, Jr., son of Gerrit Lansing, an early emigrant to New Neth erland from Hasselt, in Overyssel, who died in Albany before October 3, 1679. John Jacob resided on the west side of Broadway, near Maiden Lane, Albany, and was a merchant. He had been twice married, and was twice a widower, before he married Catherine Schuyler. Mr. ROBERT S. VAN RENSSELAER. 407 Dickinson sent me a photograph of Lansing from his por trait, painted when he was nearly ninety years old. He sits with his arm resting on a table, dressed in black, with a cocked hat and knee-breeches. The traditionary pipe and snuff-box are absent. Lansing died at the age of ninety-two years, on April 19, 1808. Abraham O. Zabriskie (320) was lately Chancellor of New Jersey. Harmanus Schuyler (10) had two daughters, Elsie and Maria.14. ELSIE SCHUYLER, m. June 5, 1773, Dr, Nicholas N, Bogart, of New York, d. September 26, 1783. 334. Catherine Nicholas, b. April 16, 1784. m. October, 1801, Robert S, Van Rens selaer, 334. CATHERINE N. BOGART and Robert S. Van Rensselaer. 335. Philip, m. Harriet Morehouse. 336. James, d. s. p. 337. Nicholas, m. Catherine Ten Broeck. 338. ScHtTYLER, ra. I, Cornelia Schuyler. m. 2, Maria Wareing. 339. Christina, m. James H. Osbom. 340. Walter, m. Emetine L. Gladding, 341. John Cortlandt, d. y. 342. Angelica, d. unmar,ried. 343. Harriet Maria, m. Putman, 335. PHILIP VAN RENSSELAER and Harriet Morehotise. 344. James. 345. Peter Sanders. 346. John Bogart. 338. Schuyler Van Rensselaer's children are among the descendants of John H. Schuyler. 339. CHRISTINA VAN RENSSELAER and James H. Osborn. 347. Catherine, m. William N. S. Sanders. 348. Elizabeth, m. Dr. Charles A. Devendorf. 349. Augusta, m. Archibald Thompson, d. s. p. 340. WALTER VAN RENSSELAER and Emetine L. Gladding. 350. Robert Allan. 408 JAMES VAN RENSSELAER. 351. Emeline Matilda. 352. Schuyler G. 347. CATHERINE OSBORN and W. N. S. Sanders. 353. Harry Osborn. 354. Francis Nicoll. 348. ELIZABETH OSBORN and C. A. Devendorf. 355. Frederick. 356. Elizabeth V. R. 357. Walter. I have been unable to trace the pedigree of Dr. Nicho las Bogart, the first husband of Elsie Schuyler (14). Her second husband. Major James Van Rensselaer, was the son of Johannes, the son of Hendrick, the son of Jeremiah, the son of Killian Van Rensselaer, the first patroon. He was an officer in the Revolutionary War, and served with out pay. He was on the staff of General Montgomery, and was near him when he fell, mortally wounded, before the walls of Quebec. His mother was a granddaughter of Colonel Peter Schuyler. 14. ELSIE SCHUYLER, widow of Dr, Nicholas N. Bogart, m. June 3, 1789, James l''an Rensselaer. 358. Philip Schuyler, b. April 18, 1790, d. y. 359. Christina Schuyler, b. August 10, 1791, d. unmarried. 360. Margaret Schuyler, b. June 21, 1793, d. y. ^361. Cornelia Maria, b. November 17, 1794, d. y. 362. Harmanus Schuyler, b. July 30, 1796, d. y. 363. Philip Schuyler, b. November 28, 1797. m. Henrietta A. Schuyler. 364. Harmanus Nicholas Schuyler, b. August 24, 1799, d. y. 365. James, b. June 14, 1801, d. s. p. 363. The children of Philip S. Van Rensselaer are placed with the descendants of John H. Schuyler. 19. MARIA SCHUYLER m. i, David Van Rensselaer, d. s. p. m. 2, Nicholas Ten Broeck, by whom 366. Maria Hoffman, b. April 27, 1801. m. Peter Quidor Schuyler. 367. Harmanus Schuyler, b. February 25, 1804, d. y. THE SCHUYLER FAMILY. 409 368. John Jeremiah, b. August 8, 1806. m. Helen Ten Broeck. 369. David V. R., b. February 25, 1808. m. Jane Douw. 370. Christina Jane, b. Februarys, 1809, d. January 11, 1831. m. Dr. Knickerbocker. 371. Ann Catherine, d. y. 366. .Maria H. and P. Q. Schuyler's children are among the descendants of John H. Schuyler. Nos. 368 and 369 were married and had children, but I have been unable to procure their names. The posterity of Maria Schuyler (19) is not numerous. Her first husband, David Van Rensselaer, was a son of Hendrick, son of Hen drick, son of Jeremiah, son of Killian Van Rensselaer, the first patroon. Her second husband, Nicholas Ten Broeck, was a son of John, son of Johannes, son of Dirck Wesselse Ten Broeck. John H. Schuyler (16) had three daughters, the eldest of whom, Henrietta Anne (26), alone has living descend ants. 26. HENRIETTA A. SCHUYLER and Philip S. Van Rensselaer. 372. Mary Elizabeth, b. March 2, 1828, d. November 9, 1877. m. July 27, 1850, Samuel H. Gardiner, d. December 25, 1864. 373. James C, b. June 9, 1831, d. s. p. September 25, 1882. m. August 7, 1866, Anna Jenkins. 374. Gratz, b. April 17, 1834. m. Kate Van Rensselaer. 375. Henrietta Anne, d. y. 372. MARY E. VAN RENSSELAER and Samuel H. Gardiner. 376. Henrietta Schuyler, b. September, 29, 1852. 377. Mary Miller, b. November 9, 1854. m. December 20, 1883, Walter S, Schuyler (84). 378. Fanny Foy, b. August 5, 1859. 374. GRATZ VAN RENSSELAER and Kate Van Rensselaer. 379. Elizabeth Rutgers, b. June 30, 1857. m. George Hull. 380. Cortlandt Schuyler, b. November 22, 1859. 410 THE SCHUYLER FAMILY. 381. John, b. April 4, 1862. 382. Margaret, b. December 26, 1865. 383. Philip Schuyler, b. October 19, 1870, d. 1885. 39. MARY SCHUYLER and Abraham Van Home. 384. Nicholas Harmanus, b. June 21, 1841, d. s. p. February 13, 1863, in the Union army. War of the Rebellion. 385. Phebe Jane, d. s. p. August 18, 1863. 386. Eleanor Augusta, b. April 22, 1846. m. /. P. Baker. 387. John Schuyler, b. April, 1849. 388. Sarah M., b. 1852. m. September 27, 1874, B. A. Roun, 389. Rachel C, b. November 28, 1855. m. M, F, Paine, 390. Alice E., b. January 28, 1859. 386. ELEANOR A. VAN HORNE and /. P. Baker. 391. Nicholas Harmanus, b. December 16, 1871. 389. RACHEL C. VAN HORNE and M. F. Paine. 392. Edwin L., b. April 2, 1872. 393. Jennie M., b. June 16, 1874. 47. CHEERY ANN SCHUYLER and E. E. Southwell. 394. Ella R., b. November 22, 1852. m. February 19, 1878, Edwin R, Young, 395. Schuyler E., b. August 13, 1854. 396. George A., b. May 7, 1858. 397. Captola Elizabeth, b. September 17, i860. 398. Merlin Derby, b. August 9, 1867. 399. Ambrose Nicholas, b. January 21, 1870. 400. Burt Frank, b. April 4, 1872. 51. HENRIETTA SCHUYLER and Abel Burritt, 401. ¦William, b. April 13, 1836. 402. George H., b. April 24, 1838. 403. Susan Cornelia, b. December 13, 1843. 52 CORNELIA SCHUYLER and Schuyler Van Rensselaer, 404. Walter A., b. November 24, 1836. m. Jennie Vati Hovenburgh. 405. Schuyler, b. February 22, 1839, d. s. p. 1858. 406. John, d. y. 407. Fanny, b. March 19, 1841, d. s. p. 1863. 408. Cornelia, d. y. 53. JANE '~,a:mYJJE.'^ oxiA Robert Shackelton. 409. George Eugene, b, December 24, 1853. THE SCHUYLER FAMILY. 41I 54. SUSAN SCHUYLER and Grant Wheeler. 410. Philip, b. November 19, 1845, m. Mary E. Stewart. 411. Mary Ellen, b. November 6, 1847. 412. Amy Ann, b. December 4, 1849. m. Philip Barton. 413. William A., b. June 25, 1853. 414. Schuyler V. R., b. June 19, 1855. 415. Hiram A., b. September 29, 1857. 416. George W., b. March 7, i860, d. y. 417. Linda H., b. September 3, 1861. 418. Frederick W., b. June 13, 1867, d. y. 57. JULIA SCHUYLER and ,£'a?'/ XM^nj. 419. Clarence, b. April 7, 1853. 420. Ella, b. 1856. 410. PHILIP WHEELER and Mary E. Stewart. 421. Louis A. 422. Fort. 423. Mary Matilda 424. An infant, not named. 60. CATHARINE SCHUYLER and /. W. Marselis, 425. Esther .Ann, b. February 10, 1846. m. I, July 4, 1868, Henry Delline, m. 2, Januarys, 1870, Thomas Arnold. 426. Judson, b. June 17, 1848. 427. Frances, b. June 9, 1850. m. Joseph Beers, 428. Louisa, b. November i, 1853. 429. John Schuyler, b. February 14, 1859. 430. George E., b. 1862. 431. Victor C, b. October 16, 1867. 425. ESTHER ANN MARSELIS and Henry Delline, 432. Mary, b. May 18, 1869. 425. ESTHER ANN MARSELIS and Thomas Arnold, 433. Jacob A. 65. ANNE H. SCHUYLER and George W. Bodle, 435. Edwin S., b. May 26, 1876. 66. ANN ELIZA SCHUYLER and Edward Stoddard. 436. Herman G., b. July 6, 1848. 437. Ada M., b. February 23, 185 1. 438. Albert R., b. December 21, 1852, d. y. 439. Schuyler E., b. March 22, 1865. 412 THE SCHUYLER FAMILY. 71. KATE W. SCHUYLER and William A. Church. 440. Edith Schuyler, b. January 31, 1879. 73. SUSAN M. SCHUYLER and Marcus Lyon. 441. Lucy, b. July 9, 1858. m. December 29, 1883, Walter Kerr. 442. Laura, b. October 28, 1865. 443. Philip Schuyler, b. September 30, 1867. 444. Mary, b. September 7, 1870. 445. Newell, b. September 20, 1874. 78. SARAH SCHUYLER and W. H. Lawrence. 446. Schuyler, b. February 13, 1864. 447. Howard, b. July 6, 1868. 448. Cortlandt, b. August 3, 1870. 82. MARTHA SCHUYLER and Chauncy L. Grant, Jr. 449. Schuyler, b. August 22, 1865. 450. Louis Bedell, b. May 24, 1867. 451. A Son, not named, b. February 5, 1869. 452. Maurice Viele, b. March 22, 1870, d. June 23, 1872. 453. Charles Schaeffer, b. July 6, 1872'. 454, Edward Hargin, b. April 11, 1875. 455. Walter Schuyler, b. January 24, 1878. 456. Eugene Schuyler, b. November 28, 1884. 83. EVELYN SCHUYLER and Charles A. Schaeffer. 457. Elizabeth Ashmead, b. February i, 1872. 458. Eugene Schuyler, b. February 5, 1876, d. June 22, 1879. 459. George Schuyler, b. July 8, 1878. 460. Gertrude King, b. December 27, 1882. Samuel H. Gardiner, who married Mary E. Van Rens selaer (372), was the son of Jeremiah W., son of Jere miah, son of Jeremiah, son of J^ion, son of Lion, son of David, son of Lion Gardiner, the first English proprietor of Gardiner's Island. Marcus Lyon, who married Susan M. Schuyler (73), graduated at Yale College in 1852, has practised law, and is now county judge of Tompkins County, N. Y. Charles A. Schaeffer, who married Evelyn Schuyler (83), is the son of the Rev. Charles W. Schaeffer, D.D., of Phil adelphia. He graduated at Union College, studied in Eu rope, and is professor of chemistry in Cornell University. APPENDICES. A. The Bible Records of Nicholas Schuyler, and of Harmanus Schuyler. B. A Family Register from a Dutch Bible. C. The Scribner Family. D. David Schuyler's Genealogy. E. The Mohawk Valley Schuylers. F. Rev. Johannes Schuyler. G. The Philadelphia Schuylers. H. Other Schuylers;^ A. NICHOLAS Schuyler's bible records, translated from THE dutch. 17 12 On the 4th of May my mother, Elizabeth Schuyler, went to bed sick, and on the 13th of the same month fell asleep in the I^ord. She was buried on the i6th in the church at Schenectady. 1689 April 21. My wife Elsie Wendell was born in Al bany. 1691 Sept. 18, I, Nicholas Schuyler was born in New York. 1714 Dec. 2. I, Nicholas Schuyler entered in the state of matrimony with Elsie Wendell — married in Al bany by Petrus Van Driessen, preacher at Albany (i). 414 BIBLE RECORDS. 1715 Sunday, Sept. 4. My daughter Ehzabeth was born in Alban)-, baptized by Dom. Van Driessen on the i8th ditto. Her godfather was father Philip Schuy ler, and lier godmother Margarita Livingston (2). 1717 Saturday, Oct. 26. My son Philip was'born in Al bany, baptized by Dom. Van Driessen on the 27th. His godfather Harmanus Wendell, his godmother Ariantie Wendell. 1720 Sunday, March 6. My daughter Ariantie was born at Schenectady, baptized on the same day by Thomas Brouwer. Her godfather my father, and her god mother my mother Catharine. 1722 Saturday, Jan. 27, liiy son Harmanus was born at Schenectady, baptized on the 28th by Thomas Brouw er. His godfather brother Johannes Symonsen, his godmother Sister Hester Beekman (3). 1723 Tuesday, AugtT 11. My daughter Cathrina was born at Schenectady, baptized the same day by Thomas Brouwer. Her godfather Jacobus Van Dyck, and godmother Hester Groot (4). 1725 Thursday, Augt. 18. Was born a daughter, who died in a short time, and was buried on the 19th at Schenectady. 1727 Sunday, April 2, my second Harmanus was born at Schenectady, baptized on the 3** by Thomas Brouwer. His godfather my uncle John Collins, and his god mother m}' Aunt Margrita Collins. 1733 Saturday, Feb. 3. My son Johannes vvas born at Schenectady, baptized the 4th by Reinhart Ericksen. Plis godfather Johannes Wendell, his godmother Ariantie Wendell. 1724 May 24. My father Philip Schuyler fell asleep in the Lord, and was buried in Schenectady. BIBLE RECORDS. 41S 1722 Sept. 27. My son Harmanus fell asleep in the Lord, and was buried at Schenectady; 1739 April 29. My son Philip Schuyler went to bed ill, at Oswego, N. Y., and died the same day. He was buried May i, age, 21 yrs. 6 inos. 3 dys. His Epitaph. Take notice all who here pass by. As you are now, so once was I, But now I am as you must be. Prepare yourselves to follow me. 1744 Sunday, Apl. 8. Between 9 and 10 o'clock my wife fell asleep in the Lord after one day's illness. records of harmanus SCHUYLER. 1748 July 3. Father Nicholas Schuyler went to rest in the Lord at the age of 57 years. 175s Oct. 28. My brother Johannes Schuyler went to the Lord, and was buried on the 31. at the age of 22 years. 1756 Apl. 5. Father Samuel Ten Broeck died, and was buried on the 7th. 1771 July 31. Mother Ten Broeck died in Claverack, at the age of 82 years. 1729 Nov. 19. My wife Chrijstina Ten Broeck was born at Claverack, according to the records of her father, baptized at Albany by Peter Van Drissen. Her god father Johannes Ten Broeck, her godmother her aunt Gertrude Schuyler. 1754 Sept. 4. I, Harmanus Schuyler, entered the state of matrimony with Chrijstina Ten Broeck, married at Claverack by Doniine Vrelenhuyse of Albany (5). 4l6 BIBLE RECORDS. 1755 June 13. Sunday. My son Nicholas was born in Albany, baptized on the 22d. His godfather my brother Johannes Schuyler, his godmother my sister Elizabeth Staats. Baptized by Dom. Vrelenhuyse. 1757 Thursday, Nov. 17. My second son Samuel was born, baptized on the Lord's day, the 20. by Dom. Vrelenhuyse. His godmother his grandmother Maria Ten Broeck, for godfather his uncle Dirck Ten Broeck. 1760 Tuesday, Feb. 5. My daughter Elsie was born at 2 o'clock in the morning at Albany. Baptized on the 9th of March by Dominie Fremont of Claverack. Her godfather John A. Lansing, her godmother my sister Catrina (6). 1761 Nov. 29, about 3 o'clock in the afternoon my third son Dirck was born in Albany, baptized on the 6th Dec. by Dom. Westerlo. His godfather his uncle Killian Van Rensselaer, his godmother his aunt Ari antie Van Rensselaer (7). 1763 Saturday, July 30. My fourth son John was born in Albany, baptized the 7th day of August, by Dom. Westerlo. His godfather Jochem Staats, his god mother Elizabeth Richards (8). 1766 Saturday, Feb. i. My second daughter Maria was born in Albany, baptized by Domine Westerlo. Her godfather Hendrich Van Dyck, her godmother Mar greta Van Dyck (9). 1767 Oct. 18. My daughter Maria fell asleep in the Lord. 1767 Saturday, Dec. 12, my fifth son Philip was born in Albany, baptized by Dom. Westerlo. His godfather Vuckert P. Douw, his godmother Anna Douw. BIBLE RECORDS. 417 1769 Tuesday, April 25, my third daughter Maria was born. Her godfather Hendrich Van Dyck, her god mother Margreta Van Dyck. 1769 Augt. 25. My son Philip fell asleep in the Lord. 1771 Augt. 21. My sixth son Philip was born on Wednes day. His godfather Col. Philip Schuyler, his god mother Mrs. Catherine Schuyler (10). 1782 Augt. 13. My son Nicholas Schuyler was married to Shinah Simons in Lancaster, Pa., by Rev. Mr. Muhlenburgh. Her age 20 years and six months. 1783 June 15. M)'' daughter Elsie was married to Nich olas N. Bogart of New York, in Stillwater by Mr. Dempster. 1783 Sep. 26. Died, Nicholas N. Bogart, aged 22 years 6 months and 22 days. 1784 April 16. Was born my grand child Nicholas Cathe rine Bogart on Friday 2 o'clock — christened by Mr. James Dempster ist June. His godfather Nicholas Schuyler, his godmother Shinah Schuyler. 1786 June 6. My son John Schuyler was married to Hen drika Fort at Half Moon by Domine De Ronde. She is 25 years of age (ii). 1787 March 7. My grandson Harmanus was born at 5 o'clock in the afternoon. Baptized by Dom. De Ronde at Whitsuntide. Godfather and mother, my self and wife Christina. 1789 June 26. My eldest daughter Mrs. Elsie Bogart was married to James Van Rensselaer. 1793 Nov. 22. My daughter Maria was married to David Van Rensselaer of Schaghticoke, at Stillwater by Domine De Ronde. Vol. XL— 27 41 8 BIBLE RECORDS. The following records in the same Bible are in English, and made by different hands ¦, 1796 Sep. I. Died my father Harmanus Schuyler, aged 69 years four months and 19 days. 1811 June. Died Derick Schuyler, son of Harmanus and Christina Schuyler, at Ballston, N.Y., in his 49th year. 1812 March 25. Died at Claverack, Maria Ten Broeck, daughter of Harmanus and Christina Schuyler, aged 42 years and 1 1 months. 1824 November. Died, Nicholas, son of Harmanus and Christina Schuyler, at Albany in his 70th year. 1832 January. Died, Samuel, son of Harmanus and Chris tina Schuyler, at Albany aged 73 years. 1838 — . Died at Albany Elsie Van Rensselaer, daughter of Harmanus and Christina Schuyler, in her 78th year. 1846 Augt. 18. Died in Ithaca, N. Y., John H. Schuyler, son of Harmanus and Christina Schuyler, aged 83 years and 19 days. In an unfamiliar handwriting, alone by itself, stands the following : Ira Dimick was born July 18. 1806. Deborah Palmer (Schuyler) Dimick was born Apl. 8. 1808. Philip Schuyler Dimick, born June 15. 183 1. Susan Ann Dimick, born Oct. 11. 1835. On the cover of the Bible is a note in Dutch, giving the text of a sermon preached by '' Mister Condit, Jan. 2. 1739, First Corinthians 15-4." Also, "the month of June 1775 was the hottest of the year ; as was also June 1793." PETRUS VAN DRIESSEN. 419 Notes on the Bible Records of Nicholas and Har manus Schuyler. I. Rev. Petrus Van Driessen succeeded Dominie Lydius in the church at Albany, and, like his predecessors, gave more or less instruction to the Mohawk Indians. He soon became convinced that, if anything effectual was to be accomplished among them, they must have a church building of their own and a rhore steady ministry. He ob tained leave to build a church, but did not for the time succeed in securing funds for its erection. The church in Albany, built in 1656 of wood, had be come too small for its requirements, and was much out of repair. It was determined to build a new one of brick on the site of the old, in State Street, at the intersection of Broadway. This was completed in 17 15. The dominie records in the baptismal books, in October of that year, that his son Hendrick " was the first child baptised in the new church." 2. Margarita Livingston was the eldest daughter of Colonel Peter Schuyler, and the wife of Robert Living ston, Jr. 3. Johannes Symonsen (Veeder) married Susanna Wen dell, and Johannes Beekman married Hester Wendell, sisters of Elsie, wife of Nicholas Schuyler, hence the terms brother and sister. 4. Jacobus Van Dyck was a grandson of Hendrick Van Dyck, attorney-general of New Netherlands, and a nephew of Nicholas Schuyler's mother. He was a physician in practice at Schenectady. 5. The name of Theodorus Frelinghuysen, pastor of the Dutch Church of Albany, is not correctly spelled in the record. He was the son of Rev. Theodorus Jacob 420 THEODORUS FRELINGHUYSEN. Frelinghuysen, who came to this country in 1720 as a missionary to the Dutch churches in Central New Jersey. He was well educated, and had served the church in Em den, Holland, two years before he was selected for his life- work in New Jersey. His zeal and enthusiasm were in exhaustible, and enabled him to surmount the difficulties incident to a new country, among a people who had not enjoyed the advantages of education and discipline. The church organizations were dispersed through an extensive territory, and the greater part of them were without a set tled ministry. Mr. Frelinghuysen encountered much op position, but, in spite of it, was successful in winning his way to the hearts of the people, and gathered large num bers into the churches to which he ministered. He had five sons, all of whom embraced the profession of their father. In some respects they had a remarkable history. It was the rule and custom of the Dutch Church in America, that all their ministers should be licensed in Holland. This was a great mistake, and retarded the growth of the denomination. In conformity with this rule, t'wo of the brothers went to Holland for ordination. On their return home, in 1753, they both died at sea. An other, after completing his studies, found the church to which he was called unwilling to bear the expense of sending him to Holland, and they endeavored to have him licensed at home. After a protracted correspondence with the classis of Amsterdam, consent was obtained, but it was three years before he was ordained. He died two weeks afterward of the small-pox. A fourth brother vis ited Holland, and was ordained by the classis of Amster dam. He succeeded his father, who had died in 1747, as pastor of the Raritan and other churches, in 1750, but died four years after, away from home, while on a journey to attend an ecclesiastical assembly. He was the grand- THEODORE FRELINGHUYSEN. 42 1 father of the late Theodore Frelinghuysen, chancellor of the University of the city of New York. Theodore Frelinghuysen, eldest of the five brothers, having obtained his license in Holland, was settled over the church at Albany in 1745. He was a man of fine abili ties, eloquent in the pulpit, popular in the community, and of high moral character. He was greatly beloved by his people, and had an unquestioned influence with them ; not enough, however, to preserve the younger mem bers of his flock from the worldly gayeties and follies in troduced among the sober and sedate citizens by the officers of an English regiment quartered among them. Public balls were held, and an extemporized theatre was organized, in which the young officers were the actors. In spite of the good dominie's efforts in and out of the pul pit, the young people were in raptures over these new forms of amusement, and turned a deaf ear to his plead ings and warnings. Some of them in the near future had grave cause to regret that they had not heeded his admonitions. One Monday morning Mr. Frelinghuysen found on his door-step a pair of shoes, a crust of bread, a piece of money, and a staff. He interpreted them as an allegori cal message to him to leave the city. He had a peculiarly sensitive nature, and the message, as he understood it, produced a profound impression ; he brooded over it, and at last resolved to leave his people for a time, until he could recover self-control and his usual flow of spirits. He determined on a voyage to the fatherland. But, while seeking relief from his cares, he was not unmindful of the interests of his beloved church on those western shores. He advised with friends, and it was decided that while in Holland he should make an effort to procure funds for the establishment of a seminary of learning, in which can- 422 DOMINIE FREMONT. • didates for the ministry could be educated without the risk and exposure of two voyages across the ocean. He sailed from New York in October, 1759, and this is the last positively known of him. By some it was said that he was lost at sea on his outward voyage ; by others, that he reached Holland, transacted his business, and on his return home wrote to his wife from London. But noth ing more was heard of him, and his fate remains a mystery. Among the deeds in the secretary's office, Albany, is one signed by Theodore Frelinghouse, on October 16, 1757, conveying to Henry Van Schaick his whole estate, real and personal ; particularly a farm of two hundred acres, situate on the road between New Brunswick and Trenton, " between the three-mile run and the six-mile run ; " his share in a house in New Brunswick, and his half share of a tract of land six miles square, lying between the Schoharie and Cherry Valleys, for the consideration of £3,°'^o. On October 21, 1757, Elizabeth and Theodorus Freling house, " minister of God's Word," in consideration of _^7,ooo, conveyed to Philip Johnse Schuyler (the future major-general) all their estate, particularly the estate " which the said Elizabeth had received from her grand parents. Captain Lancaster Syms and Catherine, his wife, from her uncles and aunts, and from her brother." The next day, for the like consideration, Philip Johnse Schuy ler deeded the same property to Rev. Theodorus Freling house. 6. Fremont is so spelled in the record, but in the Church Manual it is "Fryemoe~t (Frymuth) Johannes Casparus." In the record it is probable the spelling conformed to the pronunciation. He was Swiss by birth, and he or his fam ily may have subsequently changed the orthography and made the name Fremont. Was he the ancestor of General REV. EILARDUS WESTERLO. 423 John C. Fremont, who in 1856 was the Republican candi date for President of the United States ? 7. Rev. Eilardus Westerlo was born and educated in Holland. He was only recently licensed when he re ceived a call from the church in Albany, then without a pastor by the disappearance of Mr. Frelinghuysen. He was only twenty-two years old, but by his character, abil ity, and attainments gave promise of future usefulness and influence. He possessed unusual prudence and tact for one of his age, united with Christian meekness. He was soon recognized as a power for good, not only in his church, but in the community and the surrounding coun try. His learning and abilities were admitted by ministers of other denominations to be of a high order, and they treated him with marked respect. His thirty years' min istry covered the most trying and exciting period of American history, beginning at the time when the contest between England and France for the possession of the continent was settled, extending through the stormy years preceding the War of Independence, through the long war, and after the peace during the years of strife and uncer tainty, until the States were united by the Constitution of 1787 into a nation. He espoused the patriot cause, and gave it his warmest support. He stood in line with his countrymen and their descendants. He was no exception to the rule that the Dutch were the uncompromising op ponents of the English Government and the firm sup porters of the revolution. Dominie Westerlo's fortunate marriage with an estimable lady undoubtedly contributed in no small degree to his influence and success as a pastor. She was the daughter of Philip Livingston, one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, and the widow of Patroon Van Rensselaer. 8. Jochem Staats was uncle by marriage of the child. 424 REV. LAMBURTUS DE RONDE. and Elizabeth Richards was a sister of his grandmother. She was a daughter of Hendrick Van Rensselaer and Catharine Van Brugh. 9. Hendrick Van Dyck was a physician, whose father, grandfather, and great-grandfather were also physicians, and practised in Albany. He was in the fifth generation from Hendrick Van Dyck, a iormer fiscal of New Nether land. 10. Philip, sixth son of Harmanus Schuyler, was born at Stillwater, to which place his father had removed from Albany about a year before. Colonel Philip Schuyler, his godfather, four years later was appointed a major-general in the Revolutionary army. Mrs. Catherine Schuyler, the colonel's wife, was daughter of John Van Rensselaer, of Claverack, and a first cousin of the child's mother. II. Rev. LamburtusDe Ronde was one of the ministers of the Dutch Collegiate Church of New York. He was a Whig in the Revolution, and when the British entered New York, after the battle of Long Island, he retired to Schaghticoke, where he resided through the war and until his death, in 1795. Passing through Schaghticoke in the summer of 1881, I called on Mr. Knickerbacker at the old homestead of the Knickerbackers, and was courteously shown through the private cemetery of his family. Among the costly and handsome monuments erected to the mem ory of various members of the family for several genera tions was one over the remains of Mr. De Ronde. In a few words Mr. Knickerbacker told me its history. It is a practice of the New York Collegiate Church to mark the graves of their deceased pastors with memorial stones. Not many years ago they resolved that the grave of De Ronde, if it could be found, should not be an excep tion. A committee of the consistory was appointed to carry out their wishes, which, in pursuance of their instruc- REV. LAMBURTUS DE RONDE. 425 tions, visited Schaghticoke to find the grave of their an cient pastor. His body had been deposited in one of his own fields, and not in the church graveyard. There was no one living to point out the exact spot. The field had been cultivated for scores of years, and all evidences of a grave had been long since obliterated. It seemed a diffi cult business to find the object of their search, until they learned that underlying the surface, only a few inches below, was soft shale rock. It was seen at once that the grave could be found, but only by feeling for it with iron bars. Men were immediately set to work to feel over acres of ground with iron fingers. An old gray-headed man ch,anced to pass along the road, and stopped to learn the object of such unusual work. He told them that when a small boy he had seen the dominie buried. He located the grave in a particular part of the field, but could not fix the exact spot. The men commenced work in the locality indicated, and in a short time one of the bars sunk to its haft. The ground was excavated, and the grave was found. A few bits of bone were discovered and reverently gathered up. They were deposited in the Knickerbacker cemetery, and a marble monument was erected over them. B. A family register from a dutch bible. Some years since, a gentleman placed in my hands a manuscript entitled " Family Register, from a Dutch Bible," which, from its references to various families, in cluding the Schuylers, may be of some value to genealo gists. It is a copy of the records contained in a Bible be longing to the late Mrs. Henrietta Liston King, widow of Charles King, late President of Columbia College. She was a daughter of Nicholas Low, a descendant of Cor nelius Low, Jr., who came into possession of the Bible in November, 1729. The Bible had suffered the fate of many others, and had lost some of its records. Isaac Gouverneur, its original owner, had four children baptized in the Dutch Church of New York before the date of the first record of the regis ter. He had doubtless recorded their births and baptisms, but, being on the missing leaves, they do not appear on the register. They were : Johanna, bp. April 15, 1705. Magdalina, bp. August 25, 1706. Samuel, bp. February 29, 1708. Margrita, bp. September 2, 1709. Isaac Gouverneur was the yotingest of the two sons of Nicolas Gouverneur and Machtelt de Reimer. They were of French e'xtraction, but emigrated to New Amsterdam through Holland. His brother Abraham made the name known to history, as one of Jacob Leisler's chief sup porters, Isaac being too young at the time to take any active part in politics. Later, when the Leislerian party BIBLE RECORDS. 427 was in the ascendancy under Lord Bellomont, he confined himself to his mercantile pursuits, in which he was very successful. On July 24, 1704, he married Sarah, daughter of Dr. Samuel Staats ; of whose estate he and Andries Coeymans were the executors. His portrait is among the family pictures of one of the Morris familyof Morrisania, N. Y. The Register. In this year of our Lord Jesus Christ 1709, on the 3. of October, departed this life our son Samuel, and was buried in our Dutch Church, near to my wife's mother. In the year of our Lord 1711, on the 31. of March, Sat urday afternoon, between 2 and 3 o'clock, was born a Daughter, was named Alida, in good health, and was bap tized by the Reverend Galterus Du Bois, Comper. For godmother Alida Gertrude has presented her for baptism. Died 2. September 1758, New Style. In the year of our Lord Jesus Christ 17 13, on the 7. of August, on Tuesday morning, at 9 o'clock, was born our second son, and was named Nicholas — was baptized by the Reverend Gait. Du Bois — Godfather father Staats, Godmother sister Maria Gouverneur (i). In the year of our Lord Jesus Christ 17 14, on the 14. of October, Thursday evening, between 8 and 9 o'clock, was born our fifth daughter, and called Sarie — was baptized by the Reverend Galterus Dubos — Godfather Stephanus Van Cortlandt, Godmother Johanna Staats (2). In the year of our Lord Jesus Christ 1715, on the 27. of September, our father Samuel Staats died, on Tuesday afternoon, at 2 o'clock. He was buried in the Dutch Church near his wife. His age was 58 years in the month of May last past (3). In the year of our Lord 17 16, on the 5. of March, on Monday morning, at six o'clock, was born our sixth daugh- 428 BIBLE RECORDS. ter, and was called Gertrude — was baptized by the Rev erend Dubos. Godfather. Philip Sciiuyler, Godmother Elizabeth Schuyler (4). In the year of our Lord Jesus Christ 1720, on the 24. of February, on Wednesday morning at 6 o'clock, was born our son, and named Samuel. Godfather Andries Coey mans, Godmother Tryntje Staats — Baptized by the Rev erend Galterus Dubos, in our church (5). In the year of our Lord Jesus Christ 1721, on the 27. of September, on Wednesday at 1 1 o'clock in the evening, died rny Mother, aged 77 years, eight months and nine days, and was buried in our church. In the year of our Lord Jesus Christ 1721, on the 3. of October, on Tuesday morning between 6 and 7 o'clock, was born our fourth son, and was called Isaac. God father John Shraat, Godmother Mientje Seeger Reynders. Baptized by Rev^^ Galterus Dubos. In the year of our Lord Jesus Christ 1723, on the first day of September, on a Saturday, was born our fifth son Gerbrant Abraham. Godfather Nicholas Gouverneur, Godmother Gertrude Rynders. Baptized by the Rev.* Hendrikus, in Coeymen's church (6). m In the year of our Lord Jesus Christ 1726, on the 8. of November, on Tuesday, between 11 and 12 o'clock, died my dear and affectionate wife, and was buried in our Dutch Church, close and along side of her father's grave (7). In the year of our Lord 1728, on the 5th of August, on Tuesday, at 2 o'clock, died my dear and affectionate father ; and was buried in our Dutch Church alongside of In the year of our Lord 1741, on the 2. of May, died Mr. Abraham Gouverneur, son of Isaac Gouverneur (at the house of John Broughton) and was buried in the vault of Andries Coeymans. BIBLE RECORDS. 429 In the year of our Lord 1729, on the 9/20 November, I, Cornelius Low Jr. purchased this present Bible from the Executors of my father-in-law Isaac Gouverneur, deceased, for two golden pistoles, or f56. (currency) (8). On the 20/31 March ^ff^, on Thursday at 4 o'clock in the morning, I, Cornelius Low Jr. was born in the city of New York, and there baptized by Pastor John Heermans — Godfather Grandfather, Godmother Grand Mother Hf. (9). On the 9/20 April 1704, on Monday at 4 o'clock in the afternoon, was born my wife, in the city of New York, (at the house of Thorn Lewis) and was baptized by Father Dubois ; Godfather her grandfather Doctor Staats, and Godmother her grand Mother Nissepat (10). On the 10,21 May 1729, on Saturday evening at 9 o'clock, I, Cornelius Low Jr. entered info the state of marriage with Johanna Gouverneur performed by Pastor Dubois at the residence of her father. On the 2/13 May 1730, on Saturday night between 11 and 12 o'clock, our first son was born, at the Raritan Land ing, in New Jersey ; and died on the 4th of the same month, at 2 o'clock on Monday morning ; he lived about 26 hours, and was buried in the vault of Mr. Delabogtealn, near his house. On the 2/13 of April 173 1, on Thursday, at 3 o'clock in the morning, was born our second son, at the Raritan Landing, and was baptized in the 3"? Mile Run Church, by Pastor Cornelis Coens, minister of Aquackanonck, on the 15 the June following ; he was named Isaac ; Godfather Brother Nicolaas Gouverneur, Godmother Sister Magda lena Hall (11). On the 9/20 January 1732/3, on Sunday evening, be tween 10 and II o'clock, was born our first daughter at the Raritan Landing, and was baptized in the Middletown Church at the Neversink, on the 4th of February follow- 430 BIBLE RECORDS. ing, by Pastor Haeghoort, minister there, and was named Sarah. Godfather brother Abraham Low, Godmother sister Margareta Gouverneur. On the 13/24. July 1734, on Saturday morning at about 2 o'clock, was born our second daughter, at the Raritan Landing, and was baptized in the 3S Mile Run Church, on the 13. September following, by Pastor Haeghoort, min ister at Nevisink, after the sermon by Pastor Dubois, min ister at New York ; and was named Margaretta. Godfather brother Roger French, Godmother sister A . Died July 8. 1755 in New York, and was buried in the old Church. On the I. January 1735/6, on Thursday night at about 12 o'clock, was born our third son, at tlie Raritan Landing, and was baptized in the old Church at New York by Pastor Boel, on the 14. of March — was named Cornelius. God father Lewis Morris jr. Godmother sister Sarah Gouver neur. Died on the 3. of October 1769, and was buried at Brunswick (12). On the 2/13 August 1737, on Tuesday at about 2 o'clock in the afternoon, was born our fourth son, at the Raritan Landing, and was baptized in the German church at Second River by Pastor Haeghoort, minister there, on the 18. September following, and was called Samuel. God father brother John Low, Godmother his wife Sarah Pro voost. Was shot dead on Lake Ontario, on the 24. June 1756, in the vicinity of an island near Quadraques. On the 19/30 March 1738/9, on Monday at about 5 o'clock in the morning, was born our fifth son, at the Raritan Landing, and was baptized in the German church at Second River, by Pastor Haeghoort, minister there, on Easter day, being the 22. day of April following, and was called Nicolas. Godfather brother Wilhelmus Low, Godmother sister Gertrude Ogden. BIBLE RECORDS. 43 1 On the 8/19 October 174 1, on Thursday morning, at about half an hour before ten o'clock was born our sixth son in my new house on the Mountain, at the Raritan Landing, and was baptized by Pastor Haeghoort at his house on Second River, on the 24. January 1741/2 ; and was called William. Godfather brother Samuel Gouverneur, G^jdmother Johanna Van Courtlandt (13). On the 26 March (6 April) 1743, on Saturday evening at about 9 o'clock, was born our seventh son in my house on the Mountain at the Raritan Landing, and was baptized in the German Church at Second River by Pastor Haeghoort on the 12. June, and was called John. Godfather Brother Isaac Gouverneur, Godmother Maria Maghtilda, the wife of Nath: Gouverneur. On the 10/21 December 1743, on Saturday at about 3 o'clock in the afternoon, died our youngest son John, and was buried in the vault of Hendrick Vroom. On 18/29 February 1744/5, on Monday morning at 4 o'clock, vvas born our third daughter, at the Landing, and was baptized in the German Church, on the Church lot of Millstone, on the 4th of April by Pastor Arondeus ; and was called Johanna. Godfather brother John Broughton, Godmother Maria Morris, wife of Thomas Lawrence jr. (14). On the 22. of December I2 January 1746/7 on Monday morning at 8 o'clock, was born our fourth daughter, at the Landing, and was baptized on the 5. of April, in the barn of Arie Moolman, by our Pastor Arondeus, and was named Gertrude. Godfather David Ogden, Godmother Gertrude Coeymans jr. On the 20. September /i October 1747, on a Sunday morning about half past 2 o'clock died my daughter Ger trude, and was buried in the vault of Henry Vroome. 432 "BIBLE RECORDS. On the 4/15. January 1747/8, on Monday evening at half after eight o'clock, was born our fifth daughter, at the Landing, and there baptized on the 21. February follow ing, by Pastor Arondeus, and was named Gertrude. God father my son Isaac, and Godmother my daughter Sarah. On the 29. August /lo September 1748, on Monday at 6 o'clock died my very beloved and affectionate father, Cor nelius Low, and was buried in Newark. His age was ¦jS^ years less seven days. On the 1/12 December 1749, on Friday about 4 o'clock in the afternoon, died my son William, and was buried in the vault of Henry Vroome. On the 18/29. December, 175 1, on Wednesday about noon, died my daughter Johanna, and was buried in the vault of Henry Vroom. On the i8th of March 1761, died my very dear and af fectionate mother Margareta Low ; and was buried (along side of my father) at Newark — Aged 82^ years. On the 17. October 1763, died my very dear and very af fectionate wife Johanna Low; and was buried in the vault of Henry Vroom. Notes on the Register. r. Maria Gouverneur was a daughter of Jacob Leisler, and married, first, Jacob Milborne ; and, secondly, Abra ham Gouverneur, brother of the child's father. 2. Stephanus Van Cortlandt was the fourth son of the first proprietor of the Cortlandt manor, who had married the child's aunt, Catalina Staats, about a year before the baptism. 3. This is the first authentic record I have seen of the death and age of Dr. Samuel Staats. It serves to put to DR. SAMUEL STAATS. 433 rest the hypothetical stories of his marriage to an East India Begum, and his return to Holland after the English came, 1664, where several of his children were born and educated. As I have given some account of him on an other page, it only remains to say something more of his family. It is said that he had nine children, but I have found only six, all daughters, four of whom were baptized in the church at New York : Sarah, m. June 24, 1704, Isaac Gouverneur, Gertrude, m. i. May 25, 1711, Peter Nagle. m. 2, June 13, 1716, Andries Coeymans, Catalina, m. August 28, 1713, Stephen Van Cortlandt, Ann Elizabeth m. August 28, 1713, Philip Schuyler, Johanna, m. June 26, 1717, Anthony White. Tr^ynTje, m. March 17, 1723, Lewis Morris, Jr,^ In 1716 Philip Schuyler had leave to purchase a tract of land near Schoharie for " himself and the rest of the heirs of Dr. Staats." The next year a survey was ordered of said tract for Rip Van Dam and " Philip Schuyler for himself and the rest of the heirs of Samuel Staats, de ceased." On August 6, 1724, Lev^^is Morris, Jr., and An dries Coeymans petitioned for a warrant of survey of about two thousand acres of land near Schoharie, " purchased of the Indians by Philip Schuyler and Rip Van Dam." On July 20, 1726, a patent having been issued for 3,500 acres, the parties in interest agreed upon a division. It then ap peared that there were six others besides the " heirs of Samuel Staats " who were partners in the land, and it was agreed " that, as all the parties had borne an equal share of the expense in procuring the patent," the tract should be divided into seven shares, one of which was allotted to ' Catalina is Spanish, and Tryntje is Dutch ; both are Catherine in English. Vol. II.— 28 434 ANDRIES COEYMANS. the heirs of Samuel Staats, to wit : Lewis Morris, Jr., An- dries Coeymans, Ann Elizabeth, widow of Philip Schuy ler, deceased ; Isaac Gouverneur, Stephen Van Cortlandt, and Johanna (Hannah) White, widow of Anthony White, each of whom was entitled to one-sixth of the one-seventh of the 3,500 acres {Deeds, No. 12, Secretary's Office). 4. Philip Schuyler was the oldest son of Brandt Schuy ler and Cornelia Van Cortlandt. The godmother was his wife. 5. Andries Coeymans was the son of Barent Coeymans, a miller, who came to Beverwyck in 1636, and had charge of Patroon Van Rensselaer's mills for about nine years, after which he prosecuted the business in different local ities on his own account, until 1673, when he purchased a tract of land below Albany, having a frontage on the river of ten miles and a depth of twelve miles west into the woods. It is now known as the town of Coeymans. Andries Coeymans chose a safer locality than the frontiers, and, like many others of his neighbors, he removed to New Jersey. He settled on the Raritan, where he had pur chased a large tract of land. 6. Nicholas Gouverneur vvas the son of Abraham Gouverneur and Mary Leisler. Gertrude Rynders was the daughter of Barent Rynders and Hester Leisler. Soon after this date they were married. Coeyman's church probably refers to the church in which Andries Coey mans worshipped. There was no church at Coeymans on the Hudson until 1793. 7. The record of his wife's death was the last made by Isaac Gouverneur. The next was made by one of his children, recording his death ; and that which follows notes the death of his fifth son, Gerbrant Abraham. 8. The first notice we haye of Cornelius Low, Sr., is the record of his marriage in the Dutch Church of New CORNELIUS LOW. 435 York: "Married, July 5. 1695, Cornelius Louw of the Esopus to Margareta Van Borsum of New York, both re siding here." His wife was a daughter of Tymen Van Borsum and Grietje Fockens. His name appears only occasionally in the public rec ords ; often enough, however, to indicate that he was a prosperous merchant. His thirteen children were bap tized in the Dutch Church, as follows : I. Tymen, February 23, 1696. 2. Petrus, October 17, 1697. 3. Cornelius, March 31, 1700. 4. Johannes, September 9, 1702. 5. Margreitje, July 16, 1704. 6. Elizabeth, July 21, 1706. 7. Abraham, August 11, 1708. 8. Hendric'K, May 14, 1710. 9. Elizabeth, October i, 1712. 10. Wilhelmus, November 27, 1714. II. Annatje, October 10, 1716. 12. Maria, July 9, 1718. 13. Helena, September 14, 1720. There were four other families by the name of Low in New York who had children baptized in the church dur ing the above period, and another, Anthony Low, owned a sloop plying between New York and New Plymouth, in 1690 ; but whether they were related I have been unable to learn. Cornelius Low, Jr., removed to Raritan, N. J., where he resided until his death. He was a surveyor, and assisted in defining the bounds of some important .estates. The names of his sons afterward appear among those of Kingston and its vicinity. 436 LEWIS MORRIS. 9. The church record of the baptism of Cornelius Low, Jr., differs in some particulars from the record made by himself. Rev. Galterus Du Bois was the pastor of the church, and not John Pleermans, whose name does not ap pear among the ministers of the Reformed Dutch Church in the manual. Jan (John) Heermans and his wife, Eliza beth Blausjan, are recorded as his sponsors, and not grand father and grandmother. Probably the Bible record was made from memory, which was at fault. 10. Machtelt de Reimer, after the death of Nicholas Gouverneur, her first husband^ married Jasper Nisse pat. II. The godparents were the brother and sister of the child's mother, Magdalena Gouverneur having married John Hall. 12. Lewis Morris, Jr., was the second proprietor of the manor of Morrisania. His grandfather, Captain Richard Morris, came to New York in 1670, and engaged in busi ness. He purchased a farm of five hundred acres " on the main " opposite the village of Harlem, on which he built a dwelling-house and other structures. Both he and his wife, who was a lady of fortune, died in 1672, within a few months of each other, leaving an only son not yet a year old, whom Matbias Nicoll, secretary of the province, termed " one poor blossom, of whom yet there may be great hope." The child's uncle. Colonel Lewis Morris, of Barbadoes, arrived in September, 1673, assumed the guar dianship of his nephew, and administered the estate left by his brother Richard. He took possession of the farm, and made it his hom-e. He purchased more lands of the Indians, and procured a patent from Governor Andros for about two thousand acres, including the farm of his de ceased brother. Dying without direct heirs, his nephew Lewis came into possession of his estate, and, in 1697, re- LEWIS MORRIS, JR. 437 ceived letters patent from Governor Fletcher erecting it "into the "lordship, or manor, of Morrisania." In his early years Lewis Morris, now proprietor of a manor, then a " poor blossom," did not give " great hope " for the future. He was restive under control,- and on one occasion his offence against his uncle's authority was so flagrant that, to escape his displeasure, he ran away.. He spent some time in Virginia, and then wandered off to the West Indies, where he supported himself with his pen. After some years of Bohemian life, he returned to his uncle, and was cheerfully forgiven all his past offences. He married a daughter of James Graham, attorney-general of the province, and settled down to serious work. His education was defective, but, by the force of his genius and his strong will, he rose to eminence in the provinces both of New York and New Jersey. For nearly twenty years he was the chief justice of the one, and for many years the governor of the other, while a member of the king's Council in both. Few men, if any, exerted a greater influence among the people, or in the councils of these provinces. Lewis Morris, Jr., inherited his father's talents, and his eccentricities as well. He was much in public life, and held several high positions. In politics he affiliated with the old Leislerians, or, as they termed themselves, the party of the people. He married, first, Tryntje, youngest daugh ter of Dr. Samuel Staats, by whom he had three sons and a daughter. His second son, Staats Long, entered the English army, and rose to the rank of general. By mar riage with the Dowager Duchess of Gordon, he vvas con nected to the higher nobility of Scotland, and was assured of a high position in his profession. Lewis Morris, Jr., married, secondly, Sarie Gouverneur, whose baptism is recorded in the register, and who, as godmother, stood 438 LEWIS MORRIS, JR. with him at the baptism of Cornelius Low. Their eldest son was the well-known jurist and statesman, Gouverneur Morris. 13. Johanna, daughter of Stephen Van Cortlandt and Catalina Staats. 14. Maria, daughter of Lewis Morris, Jr., and Tryntje Staats. She was married, in May preceding, to Thomas Lawrence, Jr., of Philadelphia. c. the scribner family. The name was originally Scrivener, a professional writer, or conveyancer. There were at least four families in Eng land named Scrivener, who were the owners of consider able landed estates. The first of the name in America was Matthew Scrivener, a member of the Council of the Virginia colony in 1607. It does not appear that he had a family, although he was commended by Captain John Smith as "a very wise understanding Gentleman." He was drowned in the James River a year or two after his arrival. Benjamin Scrivener, of Norwalk, Conn., is reputed to be the ancestor of the Scribners in the United States. The little we know of him and his family is contained in the Norwalk town records, from which we learn that he married Hannah Crampton, March 5, 1680, and that he had four sons, of whom Matthew, the youngest, is the an cestor of the line now to be considered. Benjamin, the ancestor, adhered to the name Scrivener, for in a deed of land to his son Matthew, bearing date September 21, 1741, when he must have been over eighty years old, he signs Benjamin Scrivener. The town clerk, when recording the names of his grandchildren born after 1742, wrote Scribner, doubtless by direction of their pa rents. From that time Scrivener disappears, and Scribner becomes the surname of all of Benjamin Scrivener's de scendants. Such changes were not unusual in those early times. 44° THE SCRIBNER FAMILY. Although we know nothing more of Matthew Scribner than that he married Martha Smith, of Long Island, on November 10,1742, and had nine children, whose names and dates of birth are registered among fhe muniments of Norwalk, we know the histor)'- of many of his descendants, much of which is exceedingly interesting, to which I shall briefly refer in my notes. The Scribner Genealogy. I. BENJAMIN SCRIVENER and Hannah Crampton. m. at Norwalk, Conn., March 5, 1680. 2. Thomas, b. March 31, 1681. 3. John, m. March, 9, 1710, Deborah Lees, 4. Abraham, m. Sarah . 5. Matthew, m. November 10, 1742, Martha Smith, 3. JOHN SCRIVENER and Deborah Lees. 6. Mary, b. March, 1711. m. October 9, 1744, Micajah Nash. 7. Rebecca, b. October 12, 1712. 4. ABRAHAM SCRIBNER and Sarah . 8. Abraham, b. June 28, 1745. 9. Sarah, b. October 15, 1746. 10. Rhoda, b. October 18, 1748. II. Ann, b. April 7, 1751. 12. Levi, b. June 28, 1753. 13. Rachel, b. August 28, 1755. 14. Moses, b. June 30, 1757. 15. Jonathan, b. September 5, 1759. 16. Ezra, b. June 19, 1761. 17. Esther, b. August 3, 1763. 18. Silas, b. September 15, 1765. 5. MATTHEW SCRIBNER and Martha Smith. 19. Nathaniel, b. December 23, 1743. m. Phebe Kellogg. 20. Matthew, b. February 7, 1746. m. I, Abigail Rogers. m. 2, Porter. 21. Martha, b. Fclwuary 20, 1748. 22. Enoch, b. August 29, 1750. m. March 22, 1782, Betsy Benedict. THE SCRIBNER FAMILY. 441 23. Elijah, b. June 25, 1753 ; killed in battle in the Revolutionary War. 24. Jeremiah, b. December 15, 1755, d. y. 25. Keziah, b. January 20, 1758. m. Thomas Hawley. 26. Abigail, b. November 9, 1760. m. Edmonds. 27. Elizabeth, b. December 10, 1763. m. Dr. Spaitlding. 19. NATHANIEL SCRIBNER and Phebe Kellogg. 28. James, m. i, . m. 2, . 29. Eliphalet, m. Bradley, of New Haven ; d. s. p. at Port- au-Prince, Hayti. 30. Jemima, m. Samuel Penny, of New York City. 31. Joel, b. 1772. m. JMary Bull, of Milford, Conn. 32. Phebe, m. i, William Waring. m. 2, Thomas Strong. 33. Marth.a, m. Uriah Rogers Scribner. 34. Elijah, d. in New York City, 1812, unmarried. 35. Esther, m. Dr. David Morey Hale, of Indiana. 36. Nathaniel, m. May i, 1815, Elizabeth Edmonds. 37. Anna, d. unmarried, at Morristown, N. J. 38. Elizabeth, m. Dr. Jeremiah Wood, of Indiana. 39. Abner, pi. Mrs. Deool. 40. Lucinda, d. y. 20. MATTHEW SCRIBNER and Abigail Rogers. - 41. Upjah Rogers, d. January 7, 1853, aged 75 years. m. I. Martha Scribner. m. 2, Betsey Hawley, d. December 6, 1871, aged 85 years. 20. MATTHEW SCRIBNER and Porter, 42. Elijah Porter, m. Hannah Smith, d. s. p. 43. Sarah, d. unmarried. 44. Caroline, m. Kirkland. 45. Abigail, m. Kendall, of Virginia. 46. Samuel, m. Julia Ambler, 22. ENOCH SCRIBNER and Betsy Benedict, 47. Jeremiah, b. February 19, 1782. 48. William, b. June 14, 1783. 49. Mary, b. September 15, 1785. 50. George, b. March 11, 1788. 442 THE SCRIBNER FAMILY. 51. Sally, b. September 14, 1790. 52. Charles, b. March 24, 1793. 53. Joseph, b. October 30, 1796. 28. JAMES SCRIBNER and i, . 54. Alanson, d. s. p. 55. Isaac, d. a. p. 56. A Daughter. 31. JOEL SCRIBNER and Mary Bull, 57. Harvey, b. August 3, 1798, d. s. p. February 11, 1836. 58. William Augustus, b. February 19, 1800, d. April 16, 1868. m. I, Caroline Matilda Chapman, m. 2, Harriet P. Hale, 59. Lucy Maria, b. July 29, 1802, d. unmarried. 60. Mary Lucinda, b. February 28, 1804. m. Dr. Asahel Clapp, 6r. Eliphalet, b. January 6, iSo6, d. y. 62. Julia Ann, b. April 7, 1808. m. Rev. Leander Cobb. 63. Phebe, b. January 26, 1810. m. James C. Davis. 64. Harriet Naomi, b. February, 1816, d. December 2, 1832. 36. NATHANIEL SCRIBNER and Elizabeth Edmonds, 65. Lucinda, m. William C. Shipman. 39. ABNER SCRIBNER and Mrs. Deool. 66. Bradford. 67. Benjamin Franklin. 41. URIAH ROGERS SCRIBNER and Martha Scribner (33) were mar ried in the jjarish church (Congregational) at Green's Farms, Conn., October 30, 1803. 68. Abigail, d, y. 69. Matilda, b. July 26, 1809. m. April 18, 1839, George W. Schuyler. 41, URIAH ROGERS SCRIBNER and Betsey Hawley. 70. Edward, b. March 28, 1813, d. January 7, 1864. m. E. Gertrude Brown. 71. Jane, d. y. 72. Maria, b. 1816. m. Zalmon S. Mead. 73. Julia, d. y. THE SCRIBNER FAMILY. 443 74. William, b. January 20, 1820, d. March 3, 1884. m. I, Caroline E. Hitchcock. m. 2, Julia Say re. 75. Charles, b. February, 1821, d. August 26, 1871. m. Emma Blair. 76. Henry; b. June 28, 1822, d. September 10, 1882. m. A bigail Farnham. Tj, Jane, b. November 28, 1824. m. Samuel P. Wisner, d. 1885. 78. Julia, m. Clinton Hitchcock, 79. Walter, d. y. 80. Walter, d. October 15, 1873. m. Hattie Kimball. 46. SAMUEL SCRIBNER > and Julia Ambler. 81. Julia, m. Rev. Briggs, of Baltimore, Md. 82. Mary, m. Frederick Mead, of New York City. 83. Gertrude, m. Rogers, of Baltimore, Md. 84,. Henrietta. Notes on Matthew Scribner's (5) Genealogy. Not long after his marriage, Nathaniel Scribner (19) removed to the present town of South East, Putnam County, N. Y., where he had purchased a farm. The country, though lying so near to the provincial capital, was comparatively new ; the whole tract now known as Putnam County having been in the possession of one man, Adolph Philipse, of New York, who held the land at prices too high for the encouragement of settlers. At the time Mr. Scribner settled in the place there were few in habitants, all farmers like himself, living at long distances from each other, and having only few of the conveniences and privileges of older communities. He built a large house not far from the church in which the Rev. Elisha Kent officiated so long that the country thereabout came to be known as " Kent's Parish." The Scribners were soon known to be very hospitable, 1 Mr. Scribner resided in Baltimore the greater part of his life. 444 NATHANIEL SCRIBNER. and their house became the gathering-place for the wide ly scattered members of the congregation, who came to church, not in carriages, nor even in country wagons, for there were no roads, but on foot and on horseback. In the interval between the two services they were accus tomed to assemble in Mr. Scribner's comfortable rooms, and spend an hour in conversation while partaking of the lunch they had brought from home, or more frequently of that provided by their host. In this way Mr. Scribner be came widely known and respected as a man and Chris tian. When the War of Independence commenced, he vvas among the first to identify himself with the republican cause. He was commissioned a lieutenant on March 15, 1776, and a few months later was promoted to a captaincy. Having early in tlie struggle received a wound in battle which disabled one of his arms, he was stationed with his company on the borders of the " Neutral Ground," not far from his home, and thus lost the opportunities which oc cur in the regular service for further advancement. At the close of the war society was disorganized and industry paralyzed, more perhaps in that section of the State than in any other, so that Captain Scribner found it necessary in his crippled condition to resort to other means than farming to gain suitable provision for his now large fam ily. Happily he was provided with a brain to devise other methods to secure an income, and a will to carry them out. He returned to Connecticut and built a tide water flouring-mill at Norwalk, which he sold. He then built a larger one, and a residence for himself at Compo on the Sound. It was so successful that he and some of his relatives were encouraged to build a large one at Mil- ford, which, oil account of the mistakes of the millwright, proved a failure and his financial ruin. The law of im- NATHANIEL SCRIBNER. 445 prisonment for debt was in force, and, to avoid its penal ties, he concealed himself until an arrangement could be made with his creditors. This once happy and pious family was now separated, never again to be gathered under one roof. As soon as his affairs were settled. Captain Scribner be gan business anew, finding new fields for his business ac tivity. The prosecution of his plans required a journey to Georgia, and while travelling in that new and sparsely settled State he was struck down with fever. Unable to find proper accommodations, or to receive nursing and medical care, he soon yielded to the diseasfe. He died in 1799 among strangers, far from home, with no friend to perform the offices of affection at his bedside while living, or after death tenderly and reverently to commit his body to the grave. The letter announcing his death vvas care fully preserved. by his widow, and kept on her person until she died. Phebe Kellogg, the wife of Captain Scribner, was the daughter of Epenetus, son of Samuel, son of Daniel Kel logg, who settled in Norwalk, Conn., 1655, and died in that town in 1688. The family was one of the most re spectable of the many respectable families in that locality. Daniel Kellogg was a representative to the General Court. In many respects she was a remarkable woman. She had quick perceptions, and vvas ready with expedients to execute what her mind conceived. She faithfully and wisely watched over the morals and habits of her numerous children, while she did not neglect her more public duties to the church and society. She was really a " mother in Israel," and a true mother in her family. She had no time for idle amusements, but vvas fully occupied with her do mestic and other duties. The following anecdote illus trates some phases of her character : 446 PHEBE SCRIBNER. On one occasion, in the spring of the year, her husband returned home with a leave of absence from his company of four and twenty hours. She noticed that his stockings were much worn, and immediately directed her eldest son to clip some wool from tlie sheep in the field near the house. The wool so procured was quickly washed, dried, carded, spun, and by her own nimble fingers knit into a pair of long stockings, which were on the captain's feet before his furlough had expired. Some years after the death of her husband, in connec tion with three of her daughters, she opened a school for girls at Morristown, N. J., and was eminently successful. It was while she was thus engaged that some of her sons caught the "western fever." The territory of the north west had been opened for settlement. Its vast rivers and rich prairies presented an inviting field to the imagina tions of the young and enterprising. Some of her sons settled on the Ohio River, six hundred miles below Pitts burg, Pa., and invited their mother and sisters to join them. It vvas a long and fatiguing journey for a wo man of her age to undertake. Nothing but a mother's love could have induced her to break up her pleasant establishment, surrounded with all the comforts of civil ized life, and go so far from home to encounter the priva tions of a new country just rescued from the savages. She made the sacrifice, and joined her children in New Albany, Ind., in the fall of 1815. Seven of her then nine living children were with her at the close of the following year. For the first time since the death of her husband they were reunited into one family. Mrs. Scribner was soon established in a large commodious house, 'where for twelve years she dispensed her old-time hospitality. She and three of her family organized the church, and com menced a system of religious effort which laid the founda- JOEL SCRIBNER. 447 tions of a moral and educated society. She died on Sep tember 25, 1827, at the age of seventy-nine. Four of Captain Scribner's sons at one time were en gaged in the mercantile business in the city of New York. One of them, Elijah (34), died in early manhood, leaving his accumulations, which were considerable, to his mother. Another, Eliphalet (29), removed to Port-au-Prince, Hayti, and prospered in business until the negro insurrection deprived him of his property. He was one of the very few white men whose lives were saved by faithful blacks. The other two were among the founders of New Albany. Joel Scribner (31) and his brother-in-law, William Waring, with their families, removed to Cincinnati, O., in the fall of 181 1, and established a business which was broken up the next year by the war with England. Mr. Waring was an officer of a cavalry company which vol unteered into the United States service and marched to the fi'ontier.. Nathaniel and Abner Scribner joined their brother Joel at Cincinnati in the fall of 1812, and together the three brothers went on horseback through Kentucky on an exploring tour, in search of a locality on which to build a town. They selected a site at the foot of the falls, or rapids, of the Ohio River, on the Indiana side, and pur chased the land. It vvas covered with a dense forest, and had no habitation nearer than across the river at the head of the falls. Early the next year they were at work clear ing the ground, laying out streets, and building a log- house, to which the families of Joel Scribner and Mr. Waring were removed before it was finished. In the fall of 1815 they were joined by their mother, their eldest brother, James, and sister Esther ; and the next year by their sister Elizabeth. Together they founded the city of New Albany, Ind., organized the First Presbyterian Church 448 PHEBE SCRIBNER WARING. of four members, and a school since known as the Scrib ner High School. The brothers Joel, Nathaniel, and Abner were the pro prietors of the land on which the city was built, but the other members of the family rendered them important as sistance in their enterprise. Nathaniel, the best qualified to conduct a large business, early fell a victim to fever, leaving his brothers to struggle on alone. Like many other premising undertakings, it put little money into the pockets of its projectors, who, after a few years, by an unfortunate endorsement for a large amount of money which they were obliged to pay, lost their entire interest in the lands of their original purchase. I cannot close this part of my sketch without giving some account of Phebe Scribner (32), the twin sister of my wife's mother. Like her mother, she was a woman of more than ordi nary ability, of deep-seated piety, and high personal in tegrity. Her life was full of the vicissitudes of fortune, as she sometimes enjoyed a handsome competence, and at others was reduced to the verge of povert}'. But, however fortune smiled or frowned, she always bore herself as a Christian gentlewoman, and never lost confidence in an all-wise Providence. While her husband, Mr. Waring, was with the army on the frontiers she with her children accompanied her brother Joel and his family to the wilderness, where he and his brothers had resolved to build a city. It was her home for the most of her future life. At times she was possessed of considerable property, acquired by her own industry and business enterprise. Her maternal love had such a strength and fervor that she was easily deceived by the false representations of the husband of her youngest daughter. He proved a scoundrel, and caused the loss ''jf PHEBE SCRIBNER WARING. 449 her whole estate. Instead of sitting down with vain lam entations, the brave woman went to work to discharge the obligations that she had incurred, and paid them in full, principal and interest, refusing all offers of a compromise ; after which she again acquired a respectable property. Like her mother, she taught her children " to fear the Lord and keep his commandments.'' Her eldest son, Jesse Waring, died at an early age ; her second, Nathaniel, re sided in New Orleans, and was a large proprietor in steam boats on the Southwestern rivers. Moses, her third son, was a prosperous merchant of Mobile, Ala. In the late civil war he was a pronounced Unionist, and when the city was captured by General Canby he was the first called in consultation by the Union general. George Waring, the youngest, settled in Little Rock, Ark., and was prosper ously engaged in trade until some unfortunate endorse ments ruined him. Before the outbreak of our late civil war he brought his family north and settled them in a new home, and then returned to arrange his business affairs. He died before he was able to rejoin his family. Her daughter, Martha Ann Waring, vvas educated In the first schools of Cincinnati, and on her return home was married to Captain Aquila Bartow, by whom she had one son, Morey Hale Bartow, now of New York City, and one daughter, who died in infancy. After the death of Captain Bartow she visited her friends in New York, where she vvas remarked as a beautiful and accomplished woman. She afterward married Benjamin Gonzales, an able civil engineer, by whom she had seven children, four of vyhom died young. Her eldest living daughter married George W. Foster, of Prairie du Chien, Wis.; Blanche, another daughter, is the wife of William M. Walker, of Logansport, Ind.; Ella, theyoungest of her children, a high ly gifted and interesting girl, died at the age of seventeen. Vol. IL— 29 4SO REV. MATTHEW SCRIBNER. After the death of Mr. William Waring, his widow, Phebe Scribner Waring, married Thomas Strong, of New, Albany, by whom she had two daughters, Maria Louisa and Cornelia. The first married Nelson Van Deventer ; the second was thrice married— first, to Thomas Blum ; secondly, to Rodolph Walker; and, thirdly, to James Speak. Mrs. Phebe Scribner Strong survived all her father's family. She lived to a great age, retaining her mental faculties to the last. She died at the Tippecanoe battle ground, Indiana, in the house of her daughter, Mrs. Gon zales, in her ninetieth year. The descendants of Captain Nathaniel Scribner in the direct line are not numerous. Of his six sons only two, Joel and Abner, transmitted the name. Joel is now repre sented by his grandson, Harvey Augustus Scribner, cash ier of the New Albany National Bank ; Abner by his sons, Bradford Scribner and General Benjamin Franklin Scrib ner, of Indiana. Of Matthew Scribner (20) we only know that he was a graduate of Yale College, and a minister of the Gospel, settled over an orthodox Congregational church in Massa chusetts. Not one of his sermons in manuscript or print is known to exist, not even a letter, so that we can form no estimate of his abilities. Being the son of a farmer in moderate circumstances, he apparently secured the means to carry him through college by teaching. For some time before he entered Yale he was a resident of Elizabethtown, N. J., and was there a member of a society for mental improvement. When he left the place the society gave him a certificate, of which the following is a copy : " To all to whom it may concern. " Whereas Matthew Scribner hath been a member of REV. MATTHEW SCRIBNER. 451 the Society called Socialis Societas in Elizabethtown and during his residence among us hath behaved liimself as becomes a Christian and a useful member of that Society ; and hath now removed from us, and we being willing to testify the regard and affection we have for him not only on the account of his publick Charactre but his personal merit and worth have unanimously voted that our Clerk do present this publick Testimony of our esteem and af fection for him — " By order of the Society "John Jolive, Clerk. " October 7th, 1771." Mr. Scribner graduated from Yale College with the class of 1775. His diploma is on a bit of parchment eight by nine inches, and is signed by " N. Daggett, Praeses, Edvvardus Eells, Eliph' Williams, Warharnus Williams, Noachus Wells, Nath' Taylor, Socii." Rev. Matthew Scribner married for his first wife a daughter of Dr. Uriah Rogers, of Norwalk, Ct. One of her sisters married Moss Kent, son of the Rev. Elisha Kent, of "Kent's Parish," the pastor of Captain Nathaniel Scribner. Mr. and Mrs. Moss Kent were the parents of the late James Kent, chancellor of the State of New York. Mrs. Scribner died while her only child, Uriah Rogers (41), was an infant. Her widowed husband, after some years, married, secondly. Miss Porter, of whose family I have been unable to learn any particulars. Uriah Rogers Scribner (41), when a young man, was for a time at Port-au-Prince, and was there attacked by yellow fever, from which his life was saved as by a mir acle. To all appearances he had ceased to breathe, and his ph)'sician pronounced him dead. Preparations were making for his burial, when his cousin came into the room ; and, not being satisfied, applied a test which proved that the doctor was deceived, and that there was yet life. 45^ URIAH ROGERS SCRIBNER. Restoratives were employed, and he was saved. With careful nursing he gradually recovered, and regained his usual health. He returned home and thence came to New York, wliere he engaged in the business of a jobbing merchant. With varying fortunes he continued steadily in trade, without any interruption, for more than fifty years. Sitting at his front window one day, and seeing an old gentleman passing, he remarked to me : "There is a man who, when I commenced business, was one of the most active and prosperous merchants of the city. He is now poor and dependent. Such is the uncertainty of trade in New York, that not more than one in ten of those who commence the mercantile business here are finally successful. Sooner or later the great majority drop out by the way." Fortune had moderately favored him, and when he died he was one of the few old merchants of the city. Uriah Rogers Scribner married for his first wife his cousin Martha, daughter of Captain Nathaniel Scribner. It was said of her that she was a very handsome woman, and as amiable as she was beautiful. On the threshold of a life which was full of hope and pleasant anticipations she died, leaving an infant daughter. Mr. Scribner married, secondly, another cousin, Betsey, only daughter of Thomas and Keziah Scribner Hawley, of Ridgefield, Ct. Mr. Hawley was of an old Connecticut family, already connected with the Scribners through the Rogers family. Betsey Hawley was the youngest of five children. One of her brothers died young. The other three and herself lived more than ten years beyond the al lotted age of man. Her mother, Keziah, reached the age of ninety-seven, retaining her memory, especially of the Bible, to the last. After she was ninety-six she knitted a pair of fine cotton stockings for her daughter, then a woman of nearly threescore years. CHARLES SCRIBNER. 453 Uriah Rogers Scribner died at his residence. No. 751 Broadway, New York City, on January 7, 1852. His wife and nine children survived him. Edward Scribner (70) was engaged in the mercantile business from an early age. He died in New York City on January 7, 1864, leaving a widow and seven children. William Scribner (74) was a graduate of Princeton College, of the class of 1840, and after a regular course in theology he was admitted to the ministry of the Presby terian Church in 1844. In a few years, however, ill health obliged him to retire from t"he pulpit, but not from the work of a true disciple of the Master. He was the author of several religious books, some of which had a wide cir culation. He died at his residence, in Plainfield, N. J., on March 3, 1884, leaving a widow and five children. Charles Scribner (75) was a graduate of Princeton College, in the class with his brother William. He com menced the study of the law, but, being of a delicate con stitution, he could not endure the confinement of an of fice, and sought a less sedentary occupation. He finally connected himself with Mr. Baker, already established in the publishing business in New York. After the death of his partner he greatly extended his business, becoming in a few years one of the most prominent men, in the trade. He was thoroughly honorable in all his transactions, and, unlike many publishers, popular with authors. He estab lished the magazine known as Scribner's Monthly, which had a circulation at home and abroad inferior to only one in the United States. The death of his accomplished wife so affected his delicate nervous organization that his health, never robust, was slowly undermined. Notwith standing the best medical treatment, he was forced to leave his business and make a trip to Europe, hoping that travel and change might restore his wasting powers. At 454 THE SCRIBNER FAMILY. Luzerne, Switzerland, he vvas attacked with typhoid fever, to which, with little resistance, he yielded up his life on August 26, 1871. His brother William accompanied him on his journey, and was with him when he died. Three sons and two daughters survived him. His high reputa tion as a man and Christian vvas a precious inheritance, and to preserve his memory his sons continued his busi ness under the firm name oi , Charles Scribner s Sons. His wife was a daughter of John I. Blair, of Blairstown, N. J. Henry Scribner (76) for a time was engaged in the drug business in Ithaca and Watertown, N. Y., but, as its re sults did not meet his expectations, he disposed of it, and with his young family removed to Des Moines, la., where he engaged in the lumber trade. The last one hundred and seventy miles of the journey vvas made in a wagon fitted up for comfort and convenience, and so arranged that he could stop on the prairies when night overtook him, and not suffer for the want of hotel accommodations. After thirty years of prosperity in his Western home he went to his rest, on September 10, 1882, leaving a widow with one son and a daughter. Like others of his family, he was a consistent Christian, being a member and an of ficer in one of the Congregational churches in the city of his adoption. Walter Scribner (80) was a druggist, for a time in part nership with his brother Henry at Watertown, and after ward alone in the city of Rock Island, 111. He eventually returned to New York City, and was employed as confi dential clerk in a large printing house. He died on Octo ber 15, 1873. His wife and two sons survived him. The direct line of Rev. Matthew Scribner is now repre sented by ten great-grandsons, all comparatively young, only two of whom are married. They are Charles Rogers and Rogers, sons of Edward Scribner ; John Hitchcock, THE SCRIBNER FAMILY. 455 Charles, and Henry, sons of Rev. William Scribner ; Charles and Arthur, sons of Charles Scribner ; George, son of Henry Scribner ; and Frederick and Frank, sons of Walter Scribner. For the data of the preceding sketch, relating to the Scribner genealogy and Captain Nathaniel Scribner's family, I am indebted to Mr. Morey Hale Bartow, of New York City. As a descendant of Captain Scribner, he has written con atnore the pioneer history of New Albany, Ind., entitled " Contributions to the Pioneer History of Indi ana." He kindly placed the manuscript in my hands, with permission to use any portions I wished. I have not pre sumed to copy, but only to use its facts and hints in my own way. The history is so full of interest that it is to be hoped it will not long remain a manuscript only. I could not anticipate the pleasure of its readers by extracts. D. DAVID (pieterse) SCHUYLER. When first I became interested in genealogy, it was my purpose to prepare a history of all the branches of the Schu)der family, but more especially those of Philip and David Schuyler, the first of the name known in America. But after two years, failing to procure answers to numer ous letters, particularly from those who by their names I thought belonged to David's line, I concluded that my promise of life vyas much too short for such a work, and I then confined myself almost wholly to Philip's branch ; preserving, however, all the letters and other information I had procured as to David's family and others, which I now put in the form of Appendices, hoping that some one may pursue and complete the work. Nearly seven years after the marriage of Philip Pieterse Schuyler in Beverwyck, David Pieterse Schuyler, from Amsterdam, Holland, was married in New Amsterdam, on October 13, 1657, to Catalijna, daughter of Abraham Isaacse Verplanck. This is the first notice that we liave of him. How long he had been in the country is not known. Fie was doubtless a younger brother of Philip, and had fol lowed him, if he did not come with him, to New Nether land, a land so full of promise to young men of energy and business enterprise. In the marriage records of the Reformed Dutch Church, New York, and in legal papers, such as deeds, contracts, bonds, etc., his name vvas written David Pieterse Schuyler; DAVID PIETERSE SCHUYLER. 45/ but he always wrote his own name without the Pieterse, David Schuyler, differing in this respect from Philip. The handwriting of the two was very unlike — Philip's was flowing and easy, David's cramped and stiff. In May, 1660, David was a resident of Beverwyck, en gaged in trade, and signed a petition to the government that Christians should not be allowed to range the woods as brokers in the Indian trade, but that such employment should be restricted to the Indians. From this time until his death his name often appears in the records as a buyer and seller of real estate in the village, as surety for his friends, as an officer in the church, and as a magistrate in the city. On December 22, 1660, he bought a lot on State Street of Anneke Jans Bogardus, on which he built a house ; and five years later sold it to Mr. Van den Uythoff, a name which soon disappeared. In the deed, drawn by the no tary, he is termed the " Honorable David Pieterse Schuy ler." On October 6, 1673, after the Dutch had retaken the province, acting Governor Colve, having changed the name of Albany to Willemstadt, appointed him a magis trate. Ten years later Governor Dongan appointed him justice of the peace, and in 1686 named him an alderman in the charter, to which position he was elected by the people three successive years. Having attained to this municipal dignity, he removed from his comparatively small and unpretentious house to one much larger and more pleasantly situated, on the bank of the river, at the corner of Broadway and Steuben Street. There were no railways, no stations, no docks, no canal basin, no pier with its mills and elevators, between his garden, planted with tulips and flowering shrubs, and the gently flowing waters of the Hudson — nothing to intercept the view of the 45 8 DAVID PIETERSE SCHUYLER. wooded hills beyond ; nothing but the low wooden walls of the city to shut out the prospect of the river valley up to the Stein Hoeck skirted by the low western hills. He was a member of the convention which assumed the government of the city in 1689, and gave it a hearty sup port in all its measures. He was in perfect accord with his nephew, Peter Schuyler, mayor of the city, and at tached his name to the energetic protest against the claims and pretensions of Jacob Leisler on January 13, 1690. It was one of the last acts of his life. He died in less than a month afterward, ona day of great excitement, caused by the destruction of Schenectady, on February 9, i6go. As a business man David Schuyler was successful. He had not the same dash and energy as Philip, and only once ventured into a speculation not directly connected with his business. In this he must have felt quite safe, when such men as Jan Jansen Bleecker, Peter Schuyler, Dirck Wesselse Ten Broeck, and Robert Livingston were his partners in the purchase of Saratoga. He was the first, however, and the only one of the partners, to dispose of his interest before a sufficient time had elapsed to esti mate the real value of the venture. He sold out in 1686 for ;^55 i6i'. od., which, after all, was a fair percentage on the investment. I have said that he was a younger brother of Philip Pie terse Schuyler. For want of positive evidence to this ef fect the relationship has been denied, while others claim that he was the elder brother. I have two letters in my possession, one from a descendant of Philip, the other from a gentleman who some years since was much inter ested in the Schuyler genealogy, in which the writers pur sue the same line of argument — that they could not have been brothers, because their own and their children's names were so unlike, and for no other reason. If tlie}' DAVID SCHUYLER. 459 had examined the reasons for the difference, and why some of them were alike, it is quite certain they would have come to different conclusions. Their own middle names, Pieterse, son of Peter, prove that their fathers' names were the same. Each named one of his sons Peter for his father. Each named his eld est daughter Gertrude, presumably for his mother, as was the custom. Each named a daughter, the one Alida, the other Maria, for their wives' mothers. Philip named two sons Brant and Arent for his wife's father. David named one son Abraham for his wife's father, and another Jaco bus, a Verplanck family name. Philip gave to one of his sons his own name, and to one of his daughters the name of his wife ; so did David. Philip called his eldest son Gysbert and his youngest Johannes ; and David named one son Myndert — all probably family names on one side or the other. From this it is seen that they both followed the usual custom in naming their children for persons in their own or their wives' families ; and that it was the intro duction of names belonging to the families into which they had married that caused the difference. It is well that they did not marry sisters, for had they done so, and had adhered to custom, the confusion caused by the same names in different families would have been inextricable. The relations between the two men were intimate and confidential. They were sureties for each other in busi ness transactions, and to some extent shared in the same enterprises. Their sons and daughters were sponsors for each others' children, a strong evidence of relationship. Lastly, Philip, son of Philip Pieterse, when writing to Jo hannes Abeel, the husband of David Pieterse's youngest daughter, addressed him, "Cousin Abeel.'' There are three such letters among the manuscript documents in the office of the Secretary of State. 460 DAVID SCHUYLER. There is no evidence, positive or inferential, that I have found showing that David was the oldest. On the con trary, it may be inferred from the facts — that Philip vvas in the country several years before we hear of David ; that he was married seven years before him ; that he died nearly seventeen years before him ; that Philip's youngest child was past eleven years old when he died, while David's youngest at the same time vvas only five — that he was the eldest. But the question is of no particular im portance, and may be suffered to rest. David Schuyler executed his will on May 21, 1688. He gave to his eldest son, Peter, his " house and lot on the hill," on the south side of State Street, a short distance above Pearl. To his wife he gave his "great messuage wherein I now dwell, situated in this city on the east side of the street next to the north gate (corner of Broadway and Steuben Street), to have and to hold for the space of ninety-nine years, or during her natural life." He directed that each of his minor and unmarried children should re ceive ;i^3o, the same as the married ones ; the balance of the estate he left in trust to his wife, to be divided after her death equally among his eight children — Peter, Ger trude, Abraham, Maria, David, Myndert, Cobus, and Cata lyntje, the last four being minors and Maria unmarried. The will was proved on April 11, 1691. GENEALOGICAL TABLE. David Schuyler and his Descendants. I. DAVID SCHUYLER, d. February 9, 1690, and Catalyn Ver Planck, d. October 8, 1708. -^ A. Peter, b. April 18, 1659, d. March 7, 1696. m. Alida Van Slichtenhorst. 3. Gertrude, b. September 19, 1661. m. Willem Claes Groesbeck. 4. Abraham, b. August i5, 1663, d. July 9, 1726. 111. November 10, 1691, Gertrude Ten Broeck, 5. Maria, b. September 29, 1666. m. February 3, 1689, Dr. Hendrick Van Dyck, 6. David, b. June 11, 1669, d. Dec. 16, 1715. m. January I, 1694, Elsje Rutgers. 7. Myndert, b. January 16, 1672. m. October 26, 1693, Rachel Cuyler. 8. Jacob, b. June 14, 1675, d. March 22, 1707. m. I, Cathalyntia Wendell. m. 2, June 3, 1704, Susanna Wendell. 9. Catlyn, b. January 14, 1678. m. I, April 10, 1694, Johannes Abeel. m. 2, May 26, 1712, Rutger Bleecker. 2. PETER SCHUYLER and Alida Van Slichtenhorst. 10. Gerrit, m. September 28, 1703, Aagje de Crood, in New York. II. Johannes, bp. December 3, 1684, d. s. p. ; buried July 22, 1740, 12. Catalina, bp. October 10, i685. m. Jacob Bogart. ¦^ 13. David, bp. December 26, 1688. m. I, July 17, 1720, Anna Bratt. 14. Alida, bp. January 21, 1693. 15. Philip, bp. October 28, 1694. m. February 28, 17I8, Sara Roosevelt, New York. 16. Pieter, bp. August 9, 1696 ; living in Albany in 1764. 462 DAVID SCHUYLER'S DESCENDANTS. 4. ABRAHAM SCHUYLER and Gertrude Ten Broeck.^ 17. David, b. November 26, 1692. m. December 2, 1725, Maria Hansen. 18. Christina, b. July 16, 1695. 19. Dirck, b. July 25, 1700. 20. Abraham, b. August 24, 1704. m. September 7, 1732, Catrina Staats. 21. Jacob, b. March 19, 1707. m. November 12, 1735, Geertruy Staats. 6. DAVID SCHUYLER and Elsje Rutgers. 22. Catherine, bp. November 25, 1694, d. y. 23. David, bp. April 11, 1697. m. May 3, 1719, Elizabeth Marschalk, in New York. 24. Harmanus, bp. July 21, 1700. m. December i, 1722, in Albany, Jannetje Bancker, 25. Catherina, bp. December 19, 1703. 26. Myndert, bp. October 7, 1711. m. June 21, 1735, in New York, Elizabeth Wessels. 27. Anthony, bp. October 30, 1715. 7. MYNDERT SCHUYLER and Rachel Cuyler. 28. Anna, bp. February 28, 1697. m. November 24, 1715, John de Peyster. 8. JACOBUS SCHUYLER and Susanna Wendell. 29. Catalyntje, bp. April 21, 1706. 10. GERRIT SCHUYLER and Aagje de Grood. 30. Alida, November 19, 1704. 31. Janneke, January 29, 1707. 32. Aegje, January 25, 1710, d. y. 33. Pieter, January 9, 1712. 34. Aegje, March 20, 1715. 35. Johanna Goerda, June 2, 1717. 36. Maria, February 10, 1720. 13. DAVID SCHUYLER and Anna Bratt. 37. Alida, bp. February 12, 1721, d. y. 38. Pieter, bp. March 10, 1723. m. June 9, 1743, Elizabeth Barbara Herkimer. 13. DAVID SCHUYLER and . 39. John, 40. Adoniah. 41. David. '^ 42. Philip. ^ 43- Jacob. ^^ ' These children are all mentioned in Abraham Schuyler*s will. DAVID SCHUYLER'S DESCENDANTS. 463 44. Anna 45. Margreta. 46. Alida. 47. Catharina. 15. PHILIP SCHUYLER and Sara Roosevelt. 48. Sara, bp. August 12, 17 19. 17. DAVID SCHUYLER and Maria Hansen. 49. Abraham, bp. November 15, 1734, d. y. 50. Abraham, bp. December 25, 1735. m. December 2, 1763, Eva Beekman. 51. Hendrick, bp. February 8, 1738. • 20. ABRAHAM SCHUYLER and Catrina Staats. 52. Christina, b. June 18, 1733. 53. Neiltje, b. November 30, 1735. 54. Getanee, b. December 18, 1738. 55. Abram, b. April 8, 1741. 56. Anna Maricia, b. March 13, 1743. 57. Arrietta, b. June 7, 1746. m. Coeymans. 21. JACOB SCHUYLER and Geertruy Staats. 58. Geertruy, bp. May 2, 1736, d. y. 59. Geertruy, bp. October 21, 1737. 60. Dirk, bp. March 16, 1740. m. April 26, 1764, Maria Van Deusen. 61. Neeltje, bp. August 15, 1742, d. y. 62. Anna, bp. April 21, 1745. 63. Neeltje, bp. November 22, 1747. 64. Barent Staats, bp. February 18, 1750. 65. Christina, bp. December 24, 1752. • 23. DAVID SCHUYLER and Elizabeth Marsclialk. 66. Elizabeth, bp. in New York, March 6, 1720. 24. HARMANUS SCHUYLER and Jannetje Bancker. 67. David, bp. February 7, 1725. m. November 14, 1764, Elizabeth Simmons. 68. Evert, bp. August 28, 1726. • 38. PIETER SCHUYLER and Elizabeth Barbara Herkimer. 69. Peter, m. Catherine Herkimer. 70. Nicholas, m. ; . 71. JOHAN JosT (alias Hanyost). 50. ABRAHAM SCHUYLER and Eva Beekman. 72. Maria, bp. December 23, 1764. 73. Martin Beekman, b. March 2, 1767. 464 DAVID SCHUYLER'S DESCENDANTS. 74. David, bp. April 2, 1769. m. I, Elizabeth Lawyer. m. 2, Margaret Marselus. 75. Geertruy, b. July 16, 1773. 76. Hendrick, bp. September 10, 1775. 55. ABRAHAM SCHUYLER (Judge) and . 77. Catriena, b. May 25, 1762. 78. Abraham, b. May 10, 1764. 79. Altje, b. July 13, 1767. 80. Christina, b. February 20, 1771. 81. Johanna, b. September 7, 1773. 84. Neiltje, b. February 25, 1776. 60. DIRCK SCHUYLER and yl/fflrw Van Deusen. 85. Jacobus, b. July 29, 1768. 86. Catherina, b. November 20, 1770. 87. William Van Deusen, b. May 9, 1773. 88, Geertruy, b. July 25, 1775. 69. PETER SCHUYLER and Catherine Herkimer. 8g. Peter, d. in Cazenovia, N. Y. m. Sophia Cook. 90. John, m. Mary McCord. gi. Abraham, d. in Ontario County, N. Y. m. Sarah Southerland. 92. Joseph, d. in Northumberland, Pa. m. Margaret McCord. 93. Elizabeth, m. Du Colon. 94. Nancy, m. Mires. 95. Margaret, m. Solomon Moycr. 96. Simeon, m. Sarah Evans. 70. NICHOLAS SCHUYLER and . 97. Nicholas. 98. Peter. 99. Henry. 100. George Nicholas. 74. DAVID SCHUYLER and Elizabeth Lawyer. loi. Abraham, b. June 7, 1797, d. at Sackett's Harbor, N. Y., March 31, 1865. m. Ann Maria Spraker. 102. Lawrence Lawyer, m. Cornelia K. Sadalier. 103. Ann Eliza, b. February 6, 1801. m. November 23, 1822, Peter Hynds. 89. PETER SCHUYLER and Sophia Cook. 104. Sophia, m. Helm. DAVID SCHUYLER'S DESCENDANTS. 465 105. Martha M., m. Stephen Grinnell, 106. Electra. 107. Julietta. 90. JOHN SCHUYLER and Mary McCord, ¦ 108. Rensselaer. 109. Charles. no. John. HI. William. 112. Kate. 113. Sarah. 91. ABRAHAM SCHUYLER and Sarah Southerland, 114. Abraham. 115. Nelson. 116. Julietta. 92. JOSEPH SCHUYLER and Margaret McCord. 117. Joseph. 118. Kate. 119. Sarah. 96. SIMEON SCHUYLER and Sarah Evans, 120. Evans. 121. 'Wilson 'W., m. Alice Bensen, 122. Joseph. 97. NICHOLAS SCHUYLER and . 123. Aaron. loi. ABRAHAM SCHUYLER and Ann Maria Spraker. 124. Maria, b. March 20, 1819. m. July 18, 1838, Dr. John W. Hinckly, of Albany. 125. Caroline, b. July 27, 1822. m. October 31, 1850, Thomas Mulford Hunter, 126. Cordelia, b. July 29. m. 1857, William Stokes. 127. Alonzo Beekman, b. January i, 1826. m. August 7, 1 85 1, Mila G. Bishop, 128. Van Rensselaer, b. March 11, 1830. m. November 17, 1850, Mary Hauck, 102. LA'WRENCE LAWYER SCHUYLER and Cornelia K. Sadalier, 129. David Carlton. 130. James Lawrence. 131. Jane, 132. Frances. 133. Cornelia. Vol. II. — 30 466 DAVID SCHUYLER'S DESCENDANTS. 127. ALONZO BEEKMAN SCHUYLER and Mila G, Bishop, 134. Bishop, b. March 28, 1854. -i 135. Jessie, b. April 13, 1857. ) Residence, 136. Beecher, b. July 17, 1859. | Sackett's Harbor, N. Y. 137. Isabella, b. November 27, 1864. J 128. VAN RENSSELAER SCHUYLER and Mary Hauck. 138. Frances, b. September 28, 185 1. j Residence, m. Sept. 17, 1868, Granger Robins. \ Sackett's Har- 139. Frederick, b. September 28, 185 1, d. 1867. J l^or. N. Y. Notes. Peter Schuyler (2) was a merchant in Albany, resident for a short time in Claverack, where his wife's father had a small tract of land. In 1685 he was appointed a judge of the court of Oyer and Terminer. He married Alida Van Slichtenhorst, daughter of Gerrit Van Slichtenhorst and niece of Philip Pieterse Schuyler's wife. She was then a widow, her first husband, Gerrit Goosen Van Schaick, having died on November 11, 1679. The date of his marriage is not known. He died sud denly, March 7, 1696, and left no will. His widow ap plied to the court in May following to have Abraham and David Schuyler appointed guardians of her children dur ing their minority. The records of baptisms in the Reformed Dutch Church of Albany previous to 1683 are lost, else doubtless we would have known that Peter Schuyler had a son David before Gerrit, the latter being named for his wife's father. It is probable that his eldest son died young, and he then gave to his fourth son the name of his father. Abraham Schuyler (4) was for many years one of the most prominent men in Albany. He vvas much respected by the Indians of the Five Nations, with whose language he vvas familiar. At one time he resided among the Sene- DAVID SCHUYLER'S DESCENDANTS. 467 cas as agent of the government, and they were so well pleased with him that they asked for his reappointment. Governor Burnet, suspecting them to have been influ enced by the traders, if not by Schuyler himself, refused ' their petition, and thus lost much of their respect. He was often employed in journeys to Canada on important public business, as also to Onondaga to attend Indian councils for the protection of English interests. He ac companied Colonel Peter Schuyler and the five Indian chiefs to England as interpreter. The day before he left Albany on his voyage he wrote his will, December 15, 1709, and made no other before his death. He made this entry in his Bible : " 1709. Dec 16'^ I went with Colo. Schu3'ler to England, and returned through the grace of God, July 26. 1710." (The record, as published in the Genealogical and Biographical Record, viii., 166, is incorrect in so far that it turns Colonel into Cornelius^ He was an alderman and justice of the peace, and held other official positions, in the city of Albany. Governor Burnet's re fusal to reappoint him Indian agent did not prevent him from visiting his old friends. Less than two years after ward he died among them, after a brief illness, on July 9, 1726, "at Sonnock's Land." His wife vvas a daughter of Dirck Wesselse Ten Broeck. David Schuyler (6) was a trader in Albany, and, being a man of better education or of more abilities than the average men of his time, when quite young was em ployed in the public service, both of the city and province. He was frequently in Canada on business of his own, and being quick-witted, he was enabled to communicate im portant intelligence on his return. Twice in one year, 1701, he was commissioned a delegate to the Indian coun cils at Onondaga, to divert the Five Nations from a pro jected alliance with the French. He held the positions of 468 MYNDERT SCHUYLER. alderman and justice of the peace in Albany several suc cessive years. In 1705 he was sheriff of the county, and the next year was appointed mayor of the city. The highest positions in the province would have been within his reach had his life been prolonged to the usual age. He died at the age of forty-six years, on December 16, 17 15. After his death several of his sons, if not all, followed their maternal uncles, Harmaniis and Anthony Rutgers, to New York. Myndert Schuyler (7), like his brothers, was much em ployed in the public service. Soon after he had reached his majority he vvas elected constable of the First Ward in Albany. A few years earlier, while yet a lad, he had shown his interest in politics by signing the protest against the governmental claims of Jacob Leisler. In 1701 he was elected to the Eighth Assembly, and was re-elected to the four following ; and again to the fifteenth, seventeenth, eighteenth, and twentieth. About twenty years of his life he thus spent in the service of the province. In 17 10 he was appointed by Governor Hunter to the Indian board, of which he was a member, with two brief intervals, from that time to 1754. In 17 13 he was employed by Governor Hunter on a mission to Canada ; and a few years later he and Robert Livingston, Jr., were despatched on important business to the Seneca Indians. In 17 19 he was appointed by Presi dent Peter Schuyler mayor of Albany, and served two years. After an interval of two years he was reappointed to the position by Governor Burnet, and held the office another two years. He was also an honored oflicer in the church, having been elected a deacon and church-master in 1706. He was a captain in the militia in 17 10, and rose to the grade of colonel before 1754. MYNDERT SCHUYLER. 469 While many of his friends and neighbors were speculat ing largely in lands, he was serving the public or quietly attending to his business as a merchant. Philip Pieterse Schuyler and his sons were large buyers and sellers of lands, but David Pieterse Schuyler and his sons had little to do with them. Myndert had a share in 10,000 acres of land on the Schoharie Creek, known as the Hunterfield Patent, and a share in 500 acres on the upper waters of Norman's Kil. These comprise his land transactions. His brothers bought even less. He was buried in the church on October 21, 1755, hav ing survived all his brothers and all the sons of his uncle Philip. He was the last of the second generation of the American Schuylers. His will is dated March 7, 1739, and was proved on July 24, 1756. He had accumulated a very respectable estate, the use of which he left to his wife ; and after her death the "profits and income " to his daughter, Anna de Peyster, during life, after which it was to be divided equally among his grandchildren. He named as executors his wife and daughter, his son-in-law, John de Peyster, Rutger Bleecker, and Philip Schuyler (son of Peter). On July 28, 1741, he added a codicil. A grandson had been born, and named Myndert Schuyler. To him he left ;^3o, a silver tankard, his wearing apparel, gun, and " sword with silver handle ; " and directed that after his death "all his merchandise and shop furniture should be sold." His daughter Anna died five years before him, and of the five executors named in the will only one, John de Peyster, qualified. With him vvas associated his daugh ter, Anna de Peyster, the wife of Volkert Pieterse Douw, in place of her mother, apparently without question, as though she were the Anna de Peyster named in the will. Jacobus Schuyler (8). Nothing more can be said of 470 DAVID SCHUYLER. him than that he vvas elected constable of the Third Ward in 1697, and collector of the same ward in 1701 and 1702 ; that he served as sponsor on various occasions at the bap^ tism of his brothers' and sisters' children, and in 1704 was sponsor for Catalyntje, daughter of Colonel Johannes Schuyler ; and that he was twice married. His wives were probably daughters of Captain Johannes Wendell. He died at the age of about thirty-two years, leaving an only child. Gerrit Schuyler (10) removed to New York, where he married on September 28, 1703. In a deed, dated July 5, 1 72 1, their names are written Gerard Schuyler and Aagie De Grove. Their children were baptized in the Reformed Dutch Church of New York. David Schuyler (13) was twice married. After the death of his first wife he removed to Canajoharie, where he had bought lands on which he supposed there were valuable mines. In May, 1754, he and his son Peter bought of the Mohawk Indians 43,000 acres of land on the west side of Lake Canjadarage, for which, in company with a few others, they procured a patent. The lake is now known as Schuy ler Lake, situated in Otsego County near Richfield Springs. One would infer from his will that David Schuyler was a man of extensive business and large property. He speaks of kinds, mines, and minerals at Canajoharie, lands on Lake Canjadarage, his estate and claims in Albany and New York, and in the colonies of Rensselaerwyck and Surinam. His will is dated April 3, 1759, in which he names his eldest son, Peter, and his nine children by his second wife. He appointed seven executors, with Sir William Johnson at the head. When the will was proved, in April, 1764, all the executors declined to act, and Jo hannes Schuyler, having become the eldest son by the death of Peter, vvas appointed administrator. 1 have been unable to procure any trustworthy informa- PHILIP SCHUYLER. 47 1 tion as to his family, except about Pieter (38). John (39), was made administrator of the estate, but nothing more is known of him. Mr. George Van Driessen, of Adrian, Mich., writes : " My grandfather on my mother's side was David Schuyler, who lived at Fort Herkimer." It is possible that he was David (41). Mr. Van der Kemp, the translator of the Dutch colonial documents, made in 1792 a journey from Kingston, N. Y., to Lake Ontario. His route was by way of Albany and the Mohawk Valley. When he arrived at Palatinetown he was entertained at the "mansion" of Mrs. Schuyler, widow of Colonel Philip Schuyler, who seemed to be a person of intelligence and was sprightly in conversation. She gave him much information on various topics of in terest, but especially as to the country through which he was travelling and the best houses on his road. She vvas doubtless the widow of Philip Schuyler (42). There is no trace of Philip Schuyler (15) in Albany after his baptism, and it is probable that he joined his brother Gerrit in New York. Although there is no au thority in the records for his marriage to Sara Roosevelt, the presumption is strong. At the time of the marriage, February 28, 17 18, there were six others, and only six, of the same name, all of whom can be accounted for. Philip (9), fifth son of Philip Pieterse Schuyler, vvas a widower residing at Schenectady, and in May, 1719, mar ried his second wife. Philip (136), son of Brandt Schuyler, of New York, mar ried Ann Elizabeth Staats in August, 17 13, and his wife survived him. Philip (161), son of Arent Schuyler, of New Jersey, mar ried Hester Kingsland in 1 7 1 2, and she lived to an advanced age. 472 DIRCK SCHUYLER. Philip (358), son of Johannes Schuyler, of Albany, died a bachelor in 1745. Philip (13), son of Colonel Peter Schuyler, married his cousin, Margarita Schuyler. Philip (5), son of Nicholas Schuyler, of Schenectady, vvas an infant. It follows that Philip, son of Pieter Davidse Schuyler, must have been the Philip Schuyler who married Sara Roosevelt. At the baptism of his child, junior is written after his name. This was done to distinguish him from Philip, son of Brandt. After the baptism of his child in the church at New York, I find no other trace of him. It is possible h^ re moved to New Jersey, where several descendants of David Pieterse Schuyler ultimately settled. Maria Hansen wife of David Schuyler (17) was the daughter of Hendrick Hansen, mayor of Albany, 1698. Dirck Schuyler (19) resided in New Brunswick, N. J., in June, 1738, and was termed a merchant in a deed con veying his mother's share in the Saratoga Patent, received from her father, which he had previously bought from his mother and brothers. He sold one-third of an original share (one-seventh) for ;^25o to his cousin, Dirck Ten Broeck. If married, his wife is not mentioned in the deed. The marriage of Abraham Schuyler (20) and Catrina Staats is recorded in the Reformed Dutch Church of Al bany, as also the baptism of their first child, but nothing more. It is probable that he then removed to New Bruns wick, N. J., where his father's Dutch Bible, containing his own family records, was found, in June, 1877, in posses sion of a female descendant. Catrina Staats was a daughter of Barent Staats, of Al- banv^ HAN YOST SCHUYLER, 473 Harmanus Schuyler (24) was admitted freeman of New York City in 1728. Pieter Schuyler (38) secured two shares, or 4,000 acres, in the land patent on Schuyler's Lake, his uncle, Peter P. Schuyler, of Albany, having transferred to him his allotment, as by agreement before the patent was is sued. He seems to have been an active business man, en gaged in various enterprises. He died in middle life, be fore his plans and business schemes were fully developed. His marriage into the Herkimer family allied him to the most influential Germans in the Mohawk Valley. His wife was the eldest of eight sisters, daughters of Johann Jost Herkimer, and was a sister of General Nicholas Her kimer of Revolutionary fame. Schuyler's marriage is re corded in the Reformed Dutch Church of Albany. He died before June, 1764, as his brother John is then termed the eldest son of David Schuyler, deceased. JoHAN Jost Schuyler (71) was named for his maternal grandfather, Johan Jost Herkimer, one of the first settlers on the Upper Mohawk. The name was corrupted into Han Yost, or Honyost, by which appellation he is known in histor}'. By several writers he is described as an igno rant, uncouth, half-witted being, but little removed from the savages with whom he mainly associated. I am in clined to doubt the truth of this description. His parent age was respectable, but, living on the borders of civiliza tion, where there were no schools,' he grew up in igno rance. On the one side were the Mohawk Indians, and on the other the Oneidas. In common with all the white settlers, both Dutch and German, he must of necessity have associated more or less with the savages, with whose customs and superstitions he vvas well informed. Unlike ' His uncle John signed his name with a mark. 474 HAN YOST SCHUYLER. many, he adapted himself to the habits of the people among whom he lived. He availed himself of his knowl edge to gain the confidence of the Indians and win their respect. Knowing with what awe and affection they re garded the unfortunate who had not perfect control of their reason, he may have affected the part of one deficient in intellect in order to gain their confidence for the ac complishment of his own plans and purposes. He could not have been regarded by his friends and neighbors as the half-witted fellow painted by historians, or he would not have been enrolled in the militia and made an officer in one of the companies. In October, 1776, General Herkimer reported to his commanding of ficer, " Han Yost Schuyler and others have gone to the enemy." Lathrop Allen was more explicit. In a letter to General Schuyler, he said : " Hanjoost Schuyler, a sergeant in one of, the ranger companies, Hanjoost Harkamar, son-in-law of the old widow Harkamar, and several others, after a consultation at Canajoharie Castle among the Indians and Tories, ab sconded to the enemy." We next hear of him in company with Walter N. Butler and other Tories at the house of Mr. Shoemaker, situated a short distance from Fort Dayton, concerting measures to detach the inhabitants of the valley from the patriots, and thus compel Colonel Gansevoort to surrender Fort Schuy ler (Stanwix) to St. Leger. Colonel Weston, commanding at Fort Dayton, was apprised of the meeting, and, sur rounding the house, captured Butler and twenty-eight others, Han Yost among them. Butler and Han Yost were tried by court-martial, and sentenced to death. If a fool, why was he selected from the " twenty-eight others " to suffer the penalty of treason ? Why was not some promi- HAN YOST SCHUYLER. 475 nent Tory, like Shoemaker, for instance, taken in place of the " half-witted ? " General Arnold, detached from the army at Saratoga for the relief of Fort Schuyler, now arrived with his troops,' and began organizing the militia for a march against St. Leger. Johan Jost's mother and brother opportunely ar rived to intercede for his life. Arnold was obdurate for a time, but finally consented to spare his life, on condition that he should go to St. Leger's camp and induce him to raise the siege, but that meanwhile his brother Nicholas would be detained as a hostage for his fidelity. Whence came this apparently chimerical proposition ? Arnold could not have suggested it, for he was a man of some common sense. It must have originated with the " half witted," believing he could frighten away the Indians and thus compel the English to retire. It must have seemed to Arnold and his officers a fool's conception. What ! a fool, alone and unaided, accomplish that which an army led by the brave General Herkimer had attempted in vain ! For some reason difficult to understand Arnold consented, and Schuyler accepted the condition without a murmur. His only preparation for the work was to have his clothes riddled with bullets. In company with an Indian he started to perform a feat which should have won for him a nation's gratitude and covered his name with glory. Schuyler and his Indian ally approached St. Leger's camp from different directions, and first visited St. Leg er's Indians. With wise looks and gestures, more than with words, they gave the Indians to understand that an army more numerous than the leaves of the forest was approaching to destroy them. With mysterious hints they roused the imaginations of their hearers, and caused them to apprehend more danger than their words implied. There was great commotion ; Han Yost was hurried off to 476 HAN YOST SCHUYLER. St. Leger's tent, followed by the Indian chiefs, where the story was repeated with additions designed for the Indian ear. The excitement increased, until great fear and dread pervaded the ranks of the soldiery. Leaving their tents and camp equipage, and throwing away their guns, the army began its retreat, which soon became a perfect rout. The army of the enemy was dissolved, and the siege was raised. According to history, it vvas the work of a fool. In truth, it was the work of a skilful man, who based his hopes of success upon his thorough knowledge of Indian character. His great exploit has not saved his name from obloquy, and the charge of Toryism has obliterated all sense of gratitude. His feat of heroism was one of the main factors in the victory of Saratoga. The defeat of St. Leger made it possible to capture Burgoyne. Schuyler returned to Fort Dayton, and Arnold, having received information from other sources that the siege of Fort Schuyler had been raised, released his hostage. " But," history goes on to say, " he vvas so imbued with his Tory principles that he again went off to the enemy, and remained with them to the close of the war, when he returned to his former residence in the Mohawk Valley." When reading this bit of history, as related by several writers, I confess that I had my doubts as to his want of common-sense, and as to his want of loyalty to his country. I believed rather that he was slirevvd and brave, a true pa triot. In the Revolution, as in other wars, the generals employed confidential agents as spies, who gained access to the enemy's camp, and from time to time gave their employers important information. May not Johan Jost Schuyler have been so employed by General Schuyler or other American officers ? ' If he were a Tory, or an Eng- ' Mr. Lossing, in his Life of General Schuyler, changes the name from Hanyost Schuyler to Hon Yost Cuyler, HAN YOST SCHUYLER. 477 lish spy, he had a singular way of serving his friends. If a Tory, he was the only one of the name. Notwithstanding the character given to him, he merits a monument to his memory, as one who alone routed an army, relieved a gar rison at a vital point, and made possible the victory of General Gates at Stillwater. Johan Jost Schuyler died about 1810. He probably married an Indian woman of the Oneida nation. Mr. Schoolcraft, in his Report to the Legislature, 1846, refers to an Oneida Indian by the name of " Moses Schuyler, son of Hon Yost," and of another man of the same nation named Abraham Schuyler. Both were living at the time he made the census of the Indians in the State of New York, in 1845. Mrs. Cochran, youngest daughter of General Schuyler, said on one occasion that she had attended church in Utica, N. Y., and had sat at the communion-table with Oneida Indians by the name of Schuyler.' They were probably the descendants of Han Yost. Other persons have also mentioned meeting Oneida Indians named Schuyler. Mr. Schoolcraft also says in his Report : " The last persons executed for witchcraft among the Oneidas suffered about forty years ago (1805). They were two females. The executioner vvas the notorious Hon Yost of Revolutionary memory. He entered the lodge ac cording to a prior decree of the Council, and struck them down with a tomahawk." This would show that he had been adopted by the Oneidas, and made one of their sachems. It is not prob able that tliey would have intrusted the execution of a capital sentence to a stranger. ' Lossing's Life of Philip Schuyler, vol. i., p. 67. 478 DAVID SCHUYLER. David Schuyler (74) resided for a time in Cobleskill, Schoharie County, N. Y., where he married, and where his children were born. After the death of his wife, in 1802, he removed to Albany, and thence to Johnstown, N. Y., where he died and vvas buried. His occupation was that of a merchant. Wilson W. Schuyler (121) was elected a judge of North ampton County, Pa., November, 1881. He is a graduate of Williams College, and was admitted to the bar in 1854. E. THE MOHAWK VALLEY SCHUYLERS. Jacob Schuyler, the ancestor of this branch of the Schuylers, with his large, family of sons and daughters, emigrated from New Jersey, and settled in Florida, Mont gomery County, N. Y., in the year 1790. No one of his descendants traces their pedigree farther back than Jacob, who was born on March 24, 1734. As in many other fam ilies, there is a tradition, repeated with variations, that early in the eighteenth century three persons by the name of Schuyler, supposed to be brothers, came to this country from Holland, and settled in different localities, one in New Jersey, one in Delaware, and the third in Albany, N. Y. The different versions of the story, as given by dif ferent members of the family, indicate quite clearly that it is nothing more than a tradition, without a "substantial basis, such as I have heard repeated by members of the other branches time and again. There is, however, abun dant evidence that Jacob came, with his family, from New Jersey to New York, at the time mentioned. Jacob is a name of frequent use by David Pieterse Schuyler and his descendants, derived originally from the Verplancks ; and, as some of David's grandsons removed to New Jersey early in the last century, I am strongly im pressed with the conviction that Jacob Schuyler, of Flor ida, N. Y., was a son of one of them. The date of his birth proves that he belonged to the generation of David's great- grandsons, the fourth of the American Schuylers. We know that Abraham and Dirck, sons of Abraham Davidse Schuyler, 48o THE MOHAWK VALLEY SCHUYLERS. lived in New Brunswick. Of Johannes, son of Pieter Da vidse, we have no trace, except that about fifty-six years after his baptism he was buried in the church at Albany, a proof that he had had a position and an estate entitling him to such a burial. Of his brother Philip, after the baptism of his child, we know nothing. We have only glimpses of Da vid, Harmanus, and Myndert, sons of David Davidse, and of their brother Anthony we have not the slightest trace. It is therefore quite legitimate to. infer that some one of the seven or eight was the father of Jacob Schuyler, of Florida. It is possible that Johannes, son of Pieter Davidse, emi grated to New Jersey, where many of the Albanians sought a home, that they might own lands and secure safety for their families from prowling savages. Once in that land of hope and promise, all traces of them were lost from the records, church and municipal, of Albany, and only known to future generations by Bible and other fam ily records. The only reason why I suppose Johannes may have been his father, is the fact that he named his eldest son John. His eldest daughter and a few others may have been named forhis wife'smother and her family, but the majority were given names which belonged to the Albany Schuylers. But it is idle to speculate. The question may be solved ultimately by an old Dutch Bible, now stored away in some closet or garret waiting for an antiquarian to bring ittp light. The ancestors of the Mohawk Schuylers, whoever they may be, if they now take an interest in, their descend ants, cannot be otherwise than gratified. They are a fine race of men. Farming has been, and is yet, their favorite business. But among them are individuals of other pur suits — merchants, bankers, manufacturers, lawyers, doctors. The Mohawk Valley was soon too small to hold their won derful increase, and they overflowed its narrow limits into other parts of the State. GENEALOGICAL TABLE. I. JACOB SCHUYLER, b. March 24, 1734.' m. Eve Swackhamer, 2. Elizabeth, b. March 10, 1755. 3. Christina, b. September i, 1757. 4. John, b. March 2, 1758 ; was twice married, but to whom is not stated. He died in 1852, at his residence in Charlestown, Montgomery County, N. Y. 5. Catherine, b. March 29, 1760. 6. Dolly (Dorothy), b. October 2, 1762. 7. Jacob, b. February 2, 1764- m. Martha Fancher. 8. Margaret, b. February 13, 1766. 9. Ann, b. July 6, 1767. 10. Philip, b. October 22, 1769. m. Mary Kinnan, II. Samuel, b. May 22, 1771. ni. Abigail Fancher, b. November 25, 1772, 12, Eye, b, September 14, 1772. 13. William, b. March 2, 1776. m. Mary Serviss, 14. Daniel, b. July 30, 1779. m, I, Anna Thomas. m. 2, Elane Hitts. 4, JOHN SCHUYLER and ,« 15. Jacob, b, 1782, d, y. ¦ 16. Anna, b. 1783, d, January, 1810. 17. William, b. 1784, d. 1858; moved to Geddes, N. Y., 1825, d. i860. 18. John, b. March, 1787, d. 1875 > moved to Marcellus, Onondaga County, N. Y. 19. Eva, b. March, 1791, d, 1863. 20. Samuel, b, September, 1794, d. 1870 ; residence, Charlestown, Montgomery County, N. Y. 1 From the Bible records of James H, Schuyler, of Amsterdam, N, Y. = Records of Daniel J. Schuyler, of Three Mile Bay, N. Y., and Records of John W, Schuyler, of Geddes, N. Y. 482 THE MOHAWK SCHUYLERS. 21. Philip, b. March, 1797, d. 1869 ; residence, 1825 and later, Geddes, Onondaga County, N. Y. 22. Daniel J., b. 1806 ; residence after 1835 Three Mile Bay, Jef ferson County, N. Y., d. since 1878. 23. Garret L., b. April 6, 1809 ; residence, 1878, Esperance, Scho harie County, N. Y. 24. Peter, b. January 8, 1819 ; lived in Iowa in 1878. Garret L. (23) had one son and two daughters. Pieter (24) had one son, named John. 7. JACOB SCHUi'LER and Martha Fancher.^ 26. Richard, b. June 8, 1788. ni. Kate McMaster, 27. Jacob, b. August 26, 1789. m. Mary Serviss. 28. John J., b. May 26, 1791. m. Susan Shaw. 29. Jeremiah, b. November 20, 1794. m. I, Evalina Fredericks. m, 2, Jemima Dom. 30. William, b. May 27, 1798, d. y. 31. Thomas, b. April 22, 1802. m. Ellen Sheppard, Besides these six sons, there were nine daughters whose names were not given me. In November, 1877, all were deceased, ex cept Jeremiah, aged 83 years, and his sister Eve, aged 90 years. 10. PHILIP SCHUYLER and Mary Kinnan."- 32. John, b. September 15, 1791. 33. Effie, b. September 23, 1793. 34. Anne, b. December 25, 1795. 35. Mary, b. February 2, 1798. 36. Elizabeth, b. January 8, 1800. 37. Kate, b. August 11, 1802. 38. Jacob R,, b, December 24, 1804. 39, Philemon, b. May 31, 1807. 40. Thomas R., b. August 18, 1809. 41. Susan, b. July 14, 1812, 42, Emmeline, b. April 14, 1814. 43, George A,, b, April 28, 1818. m. Lucy A . Bellman. II. SAMUEL SCHUY'LER and Abigail Fancher.'^ 44. Jacob, b. April 17, 1796. m. Marilla Lockwood. * Bible Records. '^ Bible Records of George A. Schuylgr, of Seneca Falls, N. Y. ^ Bible Records of James H. Schuyler. THE MOHAWK SCHUYLERS. 483 45. Sarah, b. August i, 1798. 46. Richard I., b. February 24, 1800. m. Gertrude Veeder, 47. Eve, b. October 26, 1801. 48. Eliza, b. January 31, 1804. 49. William, b. September 12, 1805. m. Jemima Tunneman, 50. Samuel, b. August 22, 1808, d. y. 51. Ann Maria, b. May 15, 1810. 52. John ArDEN, b. January II, 1812. m. Frances Phipps. 13. WILLIAM SCHUYLER and Mary Serviss. 53. Winslow. 54. Jacob. 14. DANIEL SCHUYLER and i, Anna Thomas. 2, Elane Hitts, 55. John. 56. Jacob, b. May 29, 1840. 57. Daniel. Besides these three sons, there were thirteen daughters. 17. WILLIAM SCHUYLER and . 58. John W. 59. David M. 18. JOHN SCHUYLER, Jr., and . He had two daughters. 20. SAMUEL SCHUYLER and . 63. John S., d. about i860. 61. Garret L. ; resided, 1878, in New York City. 62. Aaron ; resided, 1878, in New York City. 63. Isaac ; residence unknown. 64. Jacob ; lived in Iowa, and had two daughters. 21. PHILIP SCHUYLER and . Had one son and four daughters. 22. DANIEL J. SCHUYLER and . 65. Anna, b. September 29,' 1828. m. B. F. Austin, New York City. 66. Sarah, b. October 9, 1830. m. E. B. Wynn, Watertown, N. Y. 67. Clarissa, b. December 12, 1832. m. C. W. McKinstry. 68. Semantha, b. April 6, 1835. m. James A. Austin, 69. John, b. August 19, 1837. 484 THE MOHAWK SCHUYLERS. 26. RICHARD SCHUYLER and Kate McMaster, of Mohawk Flats. 70. Jacob, m. I, Harriet Wemple. m. 2, ¦ Counac. 71. Hamilton, m. Magdelain Narr. 72. Thomas, m. Maria Wemple. 73. Hiram, m. Elizabeth N'arr. 74. John, m. ¦ Switz. 75. Jay, m. ¦ Corwin. 76. George, m. Elizabeth Davis. 77. Alonzo, m. Sarah Wemple. Besides these eight sons, there were two daughter:. 27. JACOB SCHUYLER and Mary Serviss. 78. George S., b. February 22, 1818. m. I, Clarissa Van Schaick. m. 2, Ann Olcn. 79. J.vmes H., b. December 2, iSig. m. 1, I-'utman. m. 2, Hannah Losher. 80. Jacob T., b. January 15, 1821. m. Abigail Martin. Si. William T., b. February 4, 1823. m. Ida Van Evera. There is also one daughter. Family residence, Glen, Montgom ery County, N. Y. 28. JOHN J. SCHUYLER and Susan Shaw. 82. George. And three daughters. 29. JEREMIAH SCHUYLER and Evaline Fredericks. 83. James IL, b. October 27, 1821. m. Harriet A. Ingham, 84. Jacob, b. November 15, 1828. m. ISIaria Mabee. And four daughters. 29. JEREMIAH SCHUYLER and Jemima Dom. 85. John D., m. Anna Stewart. 86. Andrew J., m. Sarah Stearling. 87. Frank H. And three daughters. 31. THOMAS SCHUYLER and Ellen Sheppard. 88. Jacob, m. Ann Shider. 89. Ralph, m. Harriet Herrick. 90. William, m. Margaret Lockwood. And four dauHiters. THE MOHAWK SCHUYLERS. 4S5 39. PHILEMON SCHUYLER and . 91. John. 92. Margaret. 93. Fatima. 94. Anna. 95. Archibald. 96. Charles. 97. William. 40. THOMAS R. SCHUYLER and . 98. Harriet A. 99. Hamilton. 100. Mary Ann. loi. Charles. 102. Jacob R. 103. Nancy. 43. GEORGE A. SCHUYLER and Lucy A. Bellman. 104. Mary F., b. June 29, 1844. 105. Lodusky, b. March 23, 1847. 106. George O., b. October 16, 1S48. 107. Dency E., b. February 5, 1850. 108. Minerva A., b. July 22, 1854. 44. JACOB SCHUYLER and Marilla Lockwood. 109. Walter. no. James. And seven daughters. 46. RICHARD SCHUYLER and Gertrude Vccacr. III. Harvey. 112. Horatio. 113. WiNSOR. 114. Samuel. 115. Alfred. 116. Charles. And seven daughters. 49. WILLIAM SCHUYLER and Jemima Tunneman. 117. William. 118. Charles. And three daughters. 152. JOHN ARDEN SCHUYLER and Frances Phipps. 119. Duane. 120. Samuel. 121. Francis. 122. Phipps. And three daughters. 486 THE MOHAWK SCHUYLERS. 55. JACOB SCHUYLER and Josephine Sioartwood. 123. Jacob, b. November 29, 1840. 124. Willis B., b. September 4, 1864. 56. JACOB SCHUYLER and Emily Sanford. 125. Sanford, b. May 28, 1872. And three daughters. 58. JOHN W. SCHUYLER and . 126. William A. 127. O. P. 128. Adele. 59. DAVID M. SCHUYLER and . 129. Charles ; resides in Van Buren, and has two children, 1878. 130. James ; resides in De Witt, and has one child, 1878. 78. GEORGE S. SCHUYLER and Clarissa Van Schaick. 131. Newton. 132. Jacob. 133. Frederick. 134. Frank. And three daughters. 79. JAMES H. SCHUYLER and Putman. 135. Jacob. 136. John. 137. Clarence. 138. Elmer. And six daughters. 80. JACOB T. %CYi\}\-LY.'B. &n& Abigail Martin. 139. Martin J., b. December 14, 185 1. 140. Jacob L., b. February 9, 1857. And six daughters. 81. WILLIAM T. SCHUYLER and Ida Van Evera. 141. Peter. And one daughter. 83. JAMES H. SCHUYLER and Harriet A. Ingham. 142. Frank. And two daughters. 84. JACOB SCHUYLER and Maria Mabee. Two daughters. 86. ANDREW J. SCHUYLER and Sarah Stearling 143. Jeremiah. 144, Hiram. THE MOHAWK SCHUYLERS. 487 88. JACOB SCHUYLER and Ann Shuler, 145. Frank. And two daughters. 89. RALPH SCHUYLER and Harriet Herrick. 146. Eugene. 147, Irvvan. And two daughters. go, WILLIAM SCHU\'LER and Margaret Lockwood. 148. Thomas. And two daughters. 139. MARTIN J. SCHUYLER and . 149. Lester J., b. March 17, 1876. 150. Edward F. T., b. September 11, 1878. The Schuylers residing in the valley of the Mohawk are of different families, and unable for the most part to trace any kinship. Besides the known descendants of David Schuyler, and the "Mohawk Valley Schuylers," descend ing from Jacob Schuyler, there are the probable descend ants of Rev. Johannes Schuyler, others of Arent Schuy ler's line, and probably some belonging to Colonel Peter Schuyler's family. It would require much patient work to separate them and place them in their respective lines. The labor is all the more difficult because many of them have followed the tide of emigration into parts of the State lying beyond, and from thence to the States and Territories of the West. The work involved so much time and labor that I gave it up, although with much reluc tance. REV. JOHANNES SCHUYLER. Shortly after I became interested in genealogy, I found in the colonial documents mention made of a " Mr. Schuy ler, the Presbyterian minister of Schoharie." As he was the first of the name in the ministerial profession, I was curious to know not only to which of the Schuyler families he be longed, but also to learn something of his personal history. For this purpose I wrote to a friend in Middleburgh, Scho harie County, who placed my letter in the hands of George L. Danforth, Esq., whose tastes and acquirements admira bly fitted him for the work. After patient investigation, he replied to my inquiries as follows : " I find, by searching the records (in German) of the Lu theran Church at Schoharie, and those of the Reformed (Dutch) Church (in Dutch and German), and by an exami nation of the foundation-stones of the present Lutheran Church, and of the old Dutch Church, now called the Fort,' as follows : ' This building was of stone, and completed in 1772-73. During the War of the Revolution it was occupied as a fort for the protection of the inhabitants from the murderous forays of the savages and their more sav age allies, the Tories. It served its purpose admirably. In the raid of Sir John Johnson and the Indian chief Joseph Brant, through the Scho harie Valley, in 1780, a feeble demonstration was made against the fort, anda cannon-ball waslodged in the cornice. The sharp-shooters stationed in the tower and a discharge of grape-shot drove off the enemy, who then pursued their march down the valley to the Mohawk. It was finally abandoned by the church, but in memoi-y of its usefulness in the war it has been preserved, and kept in repair by a public tax, as a REV. JOHANNES SCHUYLER. 489 " Rev. Johannes Schuyler was pastor of the Protestant High Dutch Reformed Church of Schoharie from 1736 to 175s, and from 1766 to 1779. " Although the book containing the marriage records vvas destroyed when the old parsonage was burned, it ap pears from other records that Mr. Schuyler married An natje Veeder, of Schenectady, in 1743. "The book of Baptisms escaped destruction. It begins with the year 1731. Among the recorded baptisms are four children of Johannes Schuyler and Annatje Veeder, his wife, to wit : Gulielmus (William), Jan. 1. 1748 ; Johan nes, Jan. 1751; Petrus, Jan. 3. 1753 ; Simeon, Augt lo. 1755- " On one of the foundation-stones of the Lutheran Church, erected 1750, is found Joh' Schuyler, V.D.M. (minister of the word of God). " In the records of the Lutheran Church it appears he baptized a child in 1746 ; and on October 6, 1753, he married Christian Schulekaft (Schoolcraft ?) to Elizabeth Mag. Becker. " Here, too, is recorded his death : Died, April 16, 1779, Rev. Johannes Schuyler, at Schoharie, 69 years of age, and in the fortieth year of his service in this place. " On the east wall of the Old Stone Fort is found, near the door, cut in the stone : Johan^ Schuyler V. D. M. 1772, as also the names of Peter Schuyler and Philip Schuyler. The records show that Dominie Schuyler was buried under the pulpit. "Johannes Schuyler was the first Dutch minister or dained in this country. Previously to 1736 all ordinations were performed in Holland. By express permission of the Classis of Amsterdam Dominies Ericksen and Haeg hoort were appointed to ordain Mr. Schuyler, and the cere- monument, and called the Old Stone Fort. It is finely situated on a bluff commanding an extensive vie-vv up and down the valley of Schoharie Creek, and surrounded by the graves of the fathers. The grounds are nicely kept, and shaded with native trees. It is a place of much resort, visited by strangers as one of the historical localities of the State. 490 REV. JOHANNES SCHUYLER. mony vvas performed in 1736. He immediately settled at Schoharie, where he remained until 1755. Under his pas torate the church formally ranged itself with the Reformed Dutch Church. Dominie Schuyler and his elders took an active part in the efforts to form an American ecclesiastical judiciary, which finally resulted in the formation of the General Synod.' " For some reason not known, he resigned from the church at Schoharie, in 1755, and accepted a call from the churches of Hackensack and Scralenberg, N. J., where he remained until 1766, when he returned to the church of Schoharie, assuming, in connection with that charge, the pastorate of the church at Beaverdam.^ It was toward the close of his second settlement that a new church was erected, now the Old Stone Fort. According to tradition Dominie Schuyler was a man of fine education and large attainments. He preached for an hundred miles around, and was the great Dutch dominie of this section of country ; as Peter Nicholas Somers, pas tor of the Lutheran Church from 1742 to 1786, was the ' The following letter from the manuscripts of Sir William Johnson (18, 56) is interesting : " Schonactenday Feby 4th 1747/8 " Col^ Johnson "? " Some Indians arc now att my House and they Tell me that M' Lydias Had promised they should have one Minister and they have appointed the Rev"* M'. Schuyler of Schohary to come to them — two 3 or 4 Time In one year and they together with the Christians are willing to pay their parts and also Desired me to go with them to the maquas to assist them what some they could make out they also spoke to M' Schuyler who is willing to Doe that service this I acquaint you and Desire your answer no more att present but am with Respect your most ' ' humble serv' — to Coniand "AlbetVan Slyck. " I judge in my opinion that its more hononable for you than to lett M' Lydias thake that interest among them I leave you to judge.'' ' In the records of the German Reformed Church of Stone Arabia is this entiy ; '"Rev. Johannes Schuyler preacher of Stone Arabia and Schoharie, Oct. 27, 1743." — IV. T^. J'an Benschoten. REV. JOHANNES SCHUYLER. 491 great Lutheran dominie. He was a faithful and beloved pastor, as well a true patriot and lover of his country. By his stirring sermons in the pulpit, and addresses on the platform, toward the close of life, he animated his breth ren for the Revolutionary struggle." Thus wrote my friend in June, 1877. Nearly a year after he gave me an address by which I was enabled to procure some information as to Dominie Schuyler's de scendants. But, before entering upon that part of the sub ject, some reference should be made to his pastoral rela tions with the churches of Hackensack and Scralenberg. All that can be said is contained in Corwin's " Manual of the Reformed (Dutch) Church " and Taylor's " History of the Classis of Bergen." It appears that before Dominie Schuyler left Schoharie his mind had undergone some change in reference to an American synod. He gradually shifted his position, and at last adhered to the opposite party in the Church. As such he received his call to Hackensack and Scralenberg, and soon thereafter organized a second church in each place. From the history of those churches, it is fair to infer that his position was not comfortable to himself or benefi cial to his flock. -Divisions and contentions prevailed, not only in the church, but in families. Efforts were made for reconciliation and unity without avaik The fury of pas sion and prejudice required time to spend itself. Before this was done. Dominie Schuyler resigned and returned to his old field of labor. We hear nothing more of church difficulties. He had learned a useful lesson among the New Jersey Dutchmen, and resolved not to thrust his hand again in the fire ecclesiastical. Political questions arose involving the freedom of the country, and to them he de voted his talents and activities. For several years I have made persistent efforts lo learn 492 REV. JOHANNES SCHUYLER. something more than what is contained in Mr. Danforth's letter and church histories as to the parentage and per sonal history of Rev. Johannes Schuyler. I have written numerous letters, and have made three journeys, for the purpose of procuring information. Despite all my efforts the results are meagre. Mrs. Margaret Snell, of Herkimer, N. Y., a great-granddaughter of the dominie's ; and Dr. F. H. Roof, of Rhinebeck, one of whose ancestors was a sister of Mr. Schuyler, gave me about all I have learned, but not enough to satisfy my curiosity, or to determine the place he occupies in the Schuyler genealogy. When General Philip Schuyler was engaged in the work of the Inland Lock Navigation Company, according to Mr. J. R. Simms, the historian, he wrote a very compli mentary letter to Philip Schuyler, son of the dominie, born at Hackensack, N. J., promising him special remu neration for the assistance which he had rendered to the company. Mr. Simms added that he understood they were near relatives, the general and Philip's father being first cousins. They were, without doubt, relatives, but more distant than first cousins, even had they belonged to the same branch of the Schuyler family. But I have not found it possible to place them in the same line. It is probable that the dominie was a native of New Jersey, as would appear from the fact that he was ordained by New Jersey clergymen. Such also was the recollection of Mrs. Woods, of Cato, N. Y., a granddaughter of his sister, Mrs. Van Alstyne. Mrs. Woods, in 1878, was ninety years old, but with faculties unimpaired. He cannot, however, be placed in line with Arent Schuyler's descendants, and we are hence forced to the conclusion that he belongs to the family of David Schuyler, perhaps nearly related to Jacob Schuyler's family, of Florida, N. Y. Dr. Roof wrote to me that Elizabeth, a sister of Rev, REV. JOHANNES SCHUYLER. 493 Johannes Schuyler, born in 1720, was the wife of a pa ternal ancestor of his, Gosen M. Van Alstyne, of Canajo harie, N. Y. In a book once belonging to Mr. Schuyler, but novv to Dr. Roof, on the first page is the name of "Anna Schuyler," and on the last the record of the birth and baptism of Margaret, only daughter of Rev. Johannes Schuyler, who was born and baptized at Hackensack. She vvas married to Andries Van Wie, July 4, 1788, in Florida, Montgomery County, by Rev. John Damster. She had six children, and died in 1813. From the data given me by Mr. Danforth, Mrs. Snell, and Dr. Roof, I am enabled to give the following TABLE OF THE DESCENDANTS OF THE REV. JOHANNES SCHUYLER. I. JOHANNES SCHUYLER and Annatje Veeder. 2. William, bp. January i, 1748. 3. Johannes, b. January, 1751 ; d. inManlius, N. Y., aged 81 years. m. I, Jannetje Vrooman, m. 2, . 4, Petrus, bp. Januai^y 3, 1753. 5. Simeon, bp. August 10, 1755. 6. Philip. 7. Margaret, b. February 22, J763. m. Andries Van Wie, 3. JOHANNES SCHUYLER and Jannetje Vrooman. 8. John, d. in Danube, N. Y. m. Van Driessen, of Schenectady. 3. JOHANNES SCHUYLER and . 9. Peter, d. o. p. in Danube, N. Y. 10. Garrit, d. s. p. II. Annatje, m. Hunter Van Alstyne. 2. JOHN SCHUYLER and Van Driessen. 12. John J. , m. ; removed from Herkimer to Marion, and Sodus, Wayne County, N. Y. 13. Henry J., m. ; removed frpm Herkimer to Syracuse, N. Y. 14. Margaret J., m. Snell ; residence, Herkimer. 494 REV. JOHANNES SCHUYLER. 12. JOHN J. SCHUYLER and . 15. John, m. . And two daughters. 13. HENRY J. SCHUYLER and . 16. A Son, d. y. 17. Annette, m. Cook, of Syracuse, N. Y. 18. Ada, m, Dennisan, of Syracuse, 15. JOHN SCHUYLER and . 19. John, 20. George. ANDRIES VAN WIE and Margaret Schuyler (7). 21. Hendrick. 22. Annatje. 23. John Schuyler. 24. Elizabeth. 25. Philip. 26. Margaret. This table embraces only the descendants of Johannes, second son of Rev. Johannes Schuyler, and the children of his daughter Margaret. All that I have been able to learn of his other children can be told in a few words. Of William, his eldest son, I have found no trace. Peter's name appears on the vv-all of the Old Fort, ¦with his father's and his brother Philip's, but nothing more is known of him. Simeon is said to have perished in a winter's storm, while on his way from his home to Albany, and to have left no descendants. Philip was probably a " mas ter builder," who, according to the records, erected the German Church in Stone Arabia in 1788. The letter of General Schuyler, before referred to, would indicate that he had a knowledge of mechanics. It is not known that he had a family. Mrs. Snell supposed he might have re moved to Booneville, N. Y., where she knew that a Philip Schuyler had been in business, but I have since learned that the Booneville Schuyler was a descendant of Arent Schuyler, of New Jersey, the PHILADELPHIA SCHUYLERS. In July, 1879, a friend sent to me the names of the Schuylers contained in the Directory of Philadelphia, I wrote to three of the nine, and received an answer from one, Mr. David H, Schuyler. He informed me that his family was the only one in the city of Dutch extraction, the others being German, spelling their name in the same way as ours, but pronouncing it Shuler, He said that he was connected with the Albany Schuylers, but could not give me the names of the particular families with whom he claimed affinity. Subsequently his mother gave me more particulars. She said that the name of her late husband's grandfather was John Schuyler, whose wife was an Eng lishwoman .named Jane Swain. That their eldest son, Philip Rensselaer, was born in Albany, moved with his father to Philadelphia, where he married Margaret May, had three sons, and died in 1857, at the age of seventy-six years. The names of his sons were John, William, and Philip Rensselaer, of whom the latter was her husband, and that her son's full name was David Henry Schuy ler. This was all I could learn in reference to the Phila delphia Schuylers. In connection with this family there is an anecdote which it may not be amiss to relate. In the battle of the Brandywine, September, 1777, the Honorable John Theophilus Rawdon, brother of Lord Rawdon, afterward Lord Hastings, Governor-General of 496 THE PHILADELPHIA SCHUYLERS. India, was severely wounded. His leg was amputated, and for six months he was an inmate of Schuyler's house, in Philadelphia, where he received the best of care until he was fully recovered. More than an hundred years after, a grandson of this officer. Lord Arthur Russell, brother of the Duke of Bedford, met a member of the Schu}'ler family, and related the story, saying that the kindness of the Schuylers had not been forgotten, and that he had always been desirous of knowing the identical famil)', as gratitude to them had been inculcated in him from his infancy. Knowing these facts, I mentioned to 'Sh: David Henry Schuyler, in my correspondence with him, that I wished to learn the name of the Schuyler who had entertained a wounded English officer after the battle of the Brandy- wine, without giving any name or other clue to his iden tity. He replied that his great-grandfather, John Schuy ler, had married an Englishwoman, and that his house had been open to more than one sick or wounded officer, and added that he had an engraving of the house in which they had been entertained. In contrast with this, there is another fact which should be told. In the war of 1812-15, Philip Schuyler, eldest son of the man who had taken such good care of the Hon orable John Theophilus Rawdon, unfortunately was taken prisoner by the English, and sent to Dartmoor prison. He was enabled to survive its horrors, and return to his family, without meeting with any particular kindness from his captors. The Dartmoor prisoner, on his return, re sumed his business in Philadelphia, and accumulated a fine estate, which remains with his descendants. H. OTHER SCHUYLERS. There are still other Schuylers who can trace no rela tionship to the families mentioned in this book. Such perhaps are the Oneida Indians named Schuyler, whom I have thought possibly the descendants of Han Yost. Such certainly are the Schuylers living in several parts of the State of New York, who derive their descent from manumitted slaves of various branches of the family. Some of these are, to their credit, men of wealth and influence. THE END. INDEX. Abeel, John, i. 398— ii. 131, 132, 379, 4S9. 461- Abenakis, the Indians, ii. 117, 228 — Sachems visit Albany, 230 — refuse to stop the war, 235. Abercromby, General (Abercrombie) i. 153 — ii. 123, 211. Abrahams, Timothy G.,ii. 402. Adams, John Quincy, i. 95, 96. Addison and the Spectator, ii. 38, 39. Adjutant of French Army, his jour nal, h. 114. Adrian, Mich., ii. 471. .'Vfrica, i. 84. Albany, Fort at, i. 10, 314, 337 — rec ords of, 100, 101 — fort below, 102 — Dutch of, 109 — first church, 109 — second church, no — ii. 419 — a fron tier town, 304, 305 — William and Mary proclaimed, 344 — dread of Leisler, 345 — Leisler attempts to gain control, 349 et seq. — Rumors of the French, 346 — appeal to New England, 347 — preparations for de fence, 348 — convention of, 352 — re inforced by Connecticut, 352 — mili tia reorganized, 368 — smallpox, 372 — expedition against, 396-— council at, 415 — convention, 421 et seq. — census, 1689, 427 — importance of post, 430 — alarms, 433 — fortified, 434 — conference, 443 — consterna tion, 452 — council, 476 — decay of fortifications, 487 — conference with Bellomont, 492 — Common Council of, 5° — authorities of, address Pres ident Schuyler, 76 — privileged to buy part of Schaghticoke, ico— buys all Schaghticoke, loi — convention, 126 — Common Council excited, 137 ^Rural Cemetery, 157, 273— not a desirable residence, 187 — centre of Indian trade, 317— name changed to Willemstadt, 457 — Albany County, b6,7, 269, 282 — ii, 320. Albanians arrest French refugees, ii. 108, Aldrich, ii. 397, 398. Alexander, James, ii. 81. Algonquins, overwhelmed by Iro quois, i. 312. Allan, John, ii, 174. Alleghany County, ii. 281. River, i. 310. Allen, Ethan, ii. 124, 265. , Lathrop, ii. 474. , Mary H. , ii. 201. , Judge William, i. 284. AUerton, Isaac, i. 91, Allyn, John, i. 366— Secretary of Con necticut, 368, 375, 376. Alofsen, S, , i. 181 — ii. 284. Alrichs, Director, i, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, S5, 57, 58. Altona, i. 52, S3, 6i- Ambler, Julia, ii. 441, 443. Amboy, ii. 208. America, i. 34, 239, 243, 276, 316, 355. American Lady, the, i. 155-6 — ii. 159, 278, 2S0. Amersfoort, i. 28, 207. Amherst, General, ii. 123, 212, 320, 321. Amory, John, ii. 397. Amstel, Fort, 51. Amsterdam, i. 49, 52, 57, 60,62, 78, 99, 118, 178, 206, 208, 214. , Classics of, i. 239 — ii, 420, 489. , P'ort, surrender of, i. 84. , merchants of, 1. 6, 8, lor, 102. Ancram, i. 283. Anderson, Smith W., ii. 197. Andros, Sir Edmund, Governor of New York, 1674-1682, 1688, i. 86, 87, 108, I93ff, 218, 219, 23S, 243, 274, 293, 333. 334. 336, 337, 507—11- 166, 292, 331, 349, 436 — letter to Schuy ler, lop — arrives in New York, 334 — arrested in Boston, 335. Andryesse, Myndert, i. 113, 500 INDEX. Angelica, N. Y. , ii. 281. Annapolis, ii. 31. Ann, Fort, i. 236, 316. Anthony, AUard, i. 293. Anthony's Nose, i. 182, m. , igS. Anti-Leislerian, i. 260, 262. Anti-Remonstrants, i. 239. Anti-Rent Agitation, i. 284, 285. Antwerp, i. 208. Apache Campaigns, ii. 393, 394. Indians, ii. 394. Aquadarondes, Onondaga Sachem, i. 412. Aravaipa Mountains, ii. 394. Archbishop of Canterbury, 1. 265. Arizona, ii, 393. Arminians, the, i. 9, 239. Arms, Schuyler, i. in. Van Rens selaer, 206. Arnhem, i. 207. Arnold, General Benedict, ii. 17, 266, 267, 325, 475, 476. , Thomas, ii. 411. Arondeus, Pastor, ii. 431, 432. Argal, Governor, i. 8g. Ashhurst, Sir "William, i. 483. Ash Island, ii. 114. Asia Minor, ii. 373. Aspinwall, Angelica, ii. 153. Assembly, Provincial, i. 226, 262, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 273, 279, 294. Assembly of New York, ii. 468. Atagaronche, ii. 116. Atchin, i. 208. Atlantic Ocean, the eastern boundary of Massachusetts, i. 78. Atwood, Justice, ii. 10, 11. Auditor-general, a sinecure, i. 430, Aunt Schuyler, ii. 160. Australia, ii. 216. Austrian Succession, War of, ii. 113. Autocrat of the Breakfast Table, ii. 319- Babbington, Samuel, ii. 67. Backer, Jacobsen, i. 140, Baker, Ivlr. , ii. 453. , J. P. ii. 410. Baldwin University, ii. 201. Baltimore, Lord, i. 53, 54, 55, 56. , Md., ii. 443. Bambar, Louisa, ii. 200. Banca, Sarah, ii. 406. Bancker, Evert, i. 453, 465 — ii. loi, ^35' 136. 137. 138. 144. 285— charac ter of, 141. , Gerrit, ii. 141. , Jannetje, ii 462, 463. Bancroft, George, i. 304-— ii. 265, 271, 272. Bangs, Anson, ii. 379. Bangs, Bleecker, ii. 379, , Isaac, ii. 217— his journal, 218, 221. Barbadoes, i, 64 — ii 436. Barneveldt, i. 208. , Olden, i. 6, 9, 10, 28, 207. Barre, de la, M. i. 318 — expedition against Iroquois, 319, 320 — relieved by Denonville, 325. Barrington, Jonah, Sir, ii. 318. Barton, Philip, ii. 411. , RufuSj^ii. 348. , Captain Aquile, ii. 449. -, Morey Hale, ii. 449, 455. 107, 120, 125, Bates Creek, ii. 394. Bath, ii. 281. Batten Kill, ii. 96, 91 127, 135. 247. 274. Baxter (Stuyvesant's secretary), 73, , Gervis, ii. 95. , Major, ii. 109, no. Bayard family, ii. 133, 343. , Ariantje, 293, , Balthazar, i. 293, 338 — ii. 11, 342. , Maritje Lookermans, i. 293. , Nicholas, i. 193, 194, 197, 201, 34iff, 344, 378, 379—"- "o. 285. 29s. 342, 347— arrested, 195, 344, 167 — sketch of, 10 — sentenced to death, 12. , Peter, ii. 11, 196, 339. , Samuel, i. 201 — ii. 190, 193. Beauharnois de. Marquis, ii. 112 — as to Peter Schuyler's children, 92 — organized an expedition, 114. Beauvais, ii. 116, 117, iiS. Beaverdam, ii. 490. Beavers, as currency, i. 104. Becker, Elizabeth, Mag. ii. 489. Bedford, Duke of, ii. 496, Beeckman, Eva, ii. 463, , Gerardus, 1. 203, 377, 508 — ii. 205. Peter, ii. 400. Beekman, Col. Henry, i. 203, 290. , Hester (Wendell^, ii. 152, 414, 419. -, Johannes, ii. 419. , William, 1. 53, 54, 58, 61, 62, 203. Beeren Island, i. 311. Begum, East Indian, ii. 172, 433. Belleville (N. J.), i. 226 — ii. 205, 217. Bellman, Lucy A., ii. 482, 485. Bellomont, Earl of, Governor of New York 1698-1701, i. 117, 192, 196, 199, 234. 255-277. 427. 491. S08— ii. II, 23, 95. no, 138. 139, 140, 141, 143, 146, 149, 167, 226, 228, 285, 350, 427 — appointed governor, 461 — antipa thy to Fletcher, 461 — letter to Hon- INDEX. SOI sieur de Callieres, 463— letter from Frontenac, 465 — complaints, 466 — reorganizes Board of Commission ers, 467 — at Albany, 468 — sharp letter to Frontenac, 469, 473 — in Boston, 475, 481 — letter to Lords of Trade, 482 et seq. — instructs Indian Board, 484 — troubles, 487 et seq. — perqui sites, 494 — complaints of Albany people, 495 — wishes increase of sal ary, 496— lack of tact, 497— a blun der, 499 — stupidity, 503 — complaint against Schuyler, 505 — slanders Col. Schuyler, ii. i — thought the Five Nations lost, 2 — died, 2 — thinks New England should be grateful, ii, 230. Bemis" Heights, 291. Benckes, Gov., 507. Benedict, Betsy (Scribner), ii. 440. Bennewe, Eva, ii. 372. Bennington, ii. 27, 326. Bensen, Alice, ii. 465. Benson, Egbert, ii, 274. Bergen, classis of, ii. 491. Bergentown, ii. 189. Berkeley, Lord, i. 426. Berry, ii. 197. Besemer, George, ii. 310. Bethlehem, i. 32, 225. Beverwyck, i. 99, 102, 106, 107, 108, 116, 137, 138, 152, 171, 172, 17s, 176, 178, 21T, 214, 215, 217, 218, 219, 225 — ii, 246, 283, 434, 456, 457 — church of, i. no. Beversrede, Fort, i. 40. Bible Records of Nicholas Schuyler, ii. 413 — of Harmanus Schuyler, ii. 4i5^of Low F'amily, ii. 426. Bigelow, Louisa, ii. 307. Biggs, John, i. 340. Big Horn Expedition, ii. 394. Birmingham, ii. 392. Bishop, Mila G., ii. 465, 466. Black Mesa River, ii, 394. Blairstown (N. J.), ii. 454. Blair, John I., ii. 454. , Emma, ii. 443, Blausjan, Elizabeth (Heermans), ii. 436- Blawbeck visits New York, ii, 79 — speech to Gov. Burnet, ii. 79 — re stored, ii. 74. Bleecker, Ann Eliza, her book, ii. 174- 179. , Blandina, ii. 380. , Elizabeth, ii, 379. , Frances E., ii. 199. , Harriet, ii. 379. , Henry, ii. 378. , Jacob, i. 301. , James, ii. 380. , Jan Jansen, ii. 95, 96, 104, 105, 126 131, 133, 138, 175, 377, 378, 458- Bleecker, Capt. Johannes (John), i. 347. 356, 473- 474— ii- 3. 4. 7, 42, 378. , John, ii. 379. , John J., li. 171, 17s, 177, 27s, 380 — in the hands of tories, ii. 178. , John R, , 301 — ii. 105, 380. , JVlargaret, i. 297, 300 — ii. 379. , Margarita, ii. 379, , Maria, ii, 379. , Mary, ii. 380. , Nicholas, i. 474 — ii. 308, 378. , Nicholas Jr., ii, 377-379, , Rutger, i. 297, 300 — ii. .379, 380, 461, 469. Block, Adriaen, his explorations, i. 7, 8,65. Island, i. 8. Bloem, Rev. Harmanus, i 129, 143. Bloemmart, Samuel, i. 12, 13, 210, 212. Blount, General, ii. 383. Blum, Thomas, ii. 450. Board, , ii. 197, 277. of Control, for Palatines, i. for Indian affairs, ii. 22. See also Five Nations. . Bodle, George W. ii, 309, 411. Boel, Pastor, ii, 430. Bogardus, Anneke Jans, ii. 337-362, 457- , Cornelis, ii. 339, 340, 346, 348. , Cornelius, ii. 352, 353, 354, 357- , Rev. Everardus, i. 190 — ii. 337 343. 344, 345, 347- , John, li. 353, 354, 355. ^ , Jonas, 11. 339, 34c, 346, 355. , Lewis, ii. 353. , , Nathaniel, ii. 354. , Pieter, ii. 339, 340, 346. , William, ii. 339, 340. Bogart, ii. 197. , Catherine Nicholas {334), ii. 400, 402, 407, 417. , Jane, ii. 400. , Dr. Nicholas N. , ii. 307, 364, 407, 408, 417. Bohemia, i. 56, note. , Viscount Felyps of, i. 127. Manor, i, 56, note. Boisson (brandy), i. 125, Bolton, Rev. John, ii, 244 — History of Westchester County, i. 200. Bonnell, ii, 400. Bonney, ii. 401. Booneville, N. Y. , ii. 494. Booth, Mrs,, ii. 2S4, 298. Boots, Teunis Willemse, ii. i,6y. Bordentown. ii. 192, 193. Basch, i. 208. S03 INDEX. Bosch, Wyntia, ii. 340. Boston, i. 66, 70, 72, 82, 83, 84, 168, 247, 259, 289, 335, 432, 453— ii. 19, 234, 265. Boston & Albany Railroad, ii. 129. Bostwick, Harriet, ii. 201. Boucherville, i, 440. Bouweries, i. 137. Bowier, Jonkheer Jan. i. 208. , Jonkheer, Hugo Jan Jacob, i. 218. ., Jonkheer Martin, i. 208. Bowman's Farm, i. 201. Boyd, ii. 199. Boyd, Catherine, ii. 152. •, Catherine, W. V., ii. 171. ; Rev. Joshua, ii. 406. Boyle, Secretary, ii. 31. Braddock, Gen., ii., 122, 209. Bradstreet, Col., ii. 249, 251, 255, 259, 260, 321 — captures Fort Frontenac, ii. 211. Brandt, an Indian, i. 299, 493. Brandywine, battle of, ii. 495, Brannan, Fanny Kemble, ii, 310. Brant, Gerritie, i. 114, 115. , Joseph, (Indian chief), i.298— ii. 174, 488. ¦ Bratt, the family, ii. 371. , Alida, ii. 399, 400. . Anna, ii. 461, 462. , Arent, ii. 247. , Dirck Arentse, ii, 370. , Brazil, i. 48. Breecker, i. 207. Breese, Catherine, ii. 397, 398. Bridgeford, Samuel, ii. 361. Bridgen, Ehza, ii. 380. Brinckerhoff, Peter, ii. 379 British Channel, i. 264. Broad, Mrs., ii. 354. Broadway, New York, i. iiB — ii. 305, 457. 460. Brocas, ii. 197. BrockhoUes, Anthony, i. 507 — ii. 190, 191. 193- Brodhead, Rev. Jacob, ii. 379. Brodhead, J, Romeyn, ii. 298, 379. Brook, Lord, i. 68. Brooke, Chidley, i. 192, 429. Brookhaven, L. I., ii. 133. Brooklyn, i. 28, 84, 192. Bromeling, Martin, ii. 354. Brother, Caroline, ii. 199. Brotherhood of St. John, ii. 222. Broughton, Att'y Gen., ii. 12. Brouwer, Ritsert, i. 186 — ii. 306. , Thomas, ii. 414. Brower, Cornelius, ii. 352, 357. , Jacob, ii. 352. Brown, Elizabeth Gertrude, ii. 442. , Martha Vincent, ii. 152. Browne, William Hand, i. 56, n. Brudnell, Richard, ii, 347. Bruyas, Father, ii. 6. Bruyn, Jan Hendrix, ii. r29. Bucarest, ii. 392. Buffalo, i. 230. Bukhara, ii. 393. Bulgaria, ii. 392, 393. Bull, Captain, i. 168, 352, 356, 357. , Mary, ii. 441. Bullard, Mr, ii, 241. Buren. village of, i. 100 — ii. 336. Counts of, i. 100— ii, ^^6. Burgoyne, General, i. 204, 236, 287 — ii. 124, 125, 126, 175, 269, 270, 403, 404, 476. Burgundy, Dukes of, i. 93. Burk, John, i. 390. Burlingame, Kanzas, ii. 391. Burnet, William, Governor of New York, i. 1720-28, 267, 270, 271, 272, 273, 286, 290, 294, 297, 300, 50S — ii. 78, 79, 106, 142, 194, 234, 23s, 313, 467, 46S — problem of his ad ministration, 79 — complains of the Council, 80 — reasons for suspending Schuyler and Philipse, 81 — pur poses to carry presents to Indians and build forts, 83 — conference with Indians, ib. — married, 84 — at Liv ingston's manor, 85 — letter as to Peter Schuyler, Jr., ib. — second conference with Indians, 87 — Indian policy, 88, 90 — in a dilemma, 314. Burr, Aaron, ii. 282, 2^;^ Burritt, Abel, ii. 308. Burroughs, John, ii. 155. Bushwick, i, 29. Butler, Walter N., ii. 474. Buyck, Cors Jansen, i. 99. Buzzard Bay, i. 8. Cabots, expedition of, 2. Cadaraqui (Kingston), i. 355, 424, 435, 437, 438, 440, 441, 476. Callieres, M. de, Governor of Canada, i. 448, 463, 473, 478, 490— ii. 3, 4, 6, 18, 19, Calumet, pipe of peace, ii. 89. Calvinists, i. 239. Cambridge, N. Y., ii. 372. Camden, Ark.,'ii. 381. Canaan, Conn., 376. Canada, i. 92, 136, 155, 194, 224, 247, 248, 249, 262, 264, 271, 276, 288, 290, 291, 297, 304, 30s, 306, 315, 317, 318, 324. 325, 328, 331, 332, 333, 334, 337, 349. 3S3. 367, 368, 374, '382-384, 39S. 459 — ii. 264, 468 — war a necessity for, 326— invasion by Schuyler, 383 et seq. — expedition against Albany, INDEX. SO3 396 — retreat to, 398 — negotiations with Five Nations, 4x4 — mat of, 419 — Jamine, 451— conquered, ii. 124, 212 — Creek, i. 118 — ii. 247. Canadian French, ii. 266. Canadians incite Abenakis to war, ii. 235. Canals, Erie and Champlain, i. 230. Canajoharie, ii. 160, 162, 470, 474. Canastagione, ii. 367, 370, 374, 373. Canby, General, ii. 449. Cane Hill, ii. 383. Caneenda, ii. 4. Canjadarage, Lake, ii. 470. Canoes, ii. 300. Capellen. See Va?r der Capellen. Carpenter, Cynthia, ii. 243, 283, , Mr., i. 283. Carr, Sir Robert, i. 63, 64. Carter, Amanda, ii. 401. , Lydia, ii. 400, 402. Carteret, Sir George, i. 426. Casimir, Fort, i. 42, 43, 44, 46, 47, 48, 49. SI- Cassilis, Earl of, ii. 194. , Earldom of, ii. 215, 341. Caswell, Clarissa, ii. 402. Catalina, Tryntje-Catherine, ii. 433. Catskill, i. 22, 177 — ii. 383. , Indians, i. 130, 225, 311. Catholics, only to settle in Canada, ii- 99- Caughwawaga, Cochniwaga, i. 298, 299. Cayenquirago, i. 402, 403, 412, 415. Cayuga County, ii. 362. Lake, i. 306. Cayugas, the Indians, i. 306, 307, 309, 317, 328, 409, 411. Cemetery (Schuyler's), i. 155 — ii. 156. , Forest Hill, ii. 252. Census of Albany, i. 427 — of Five Na tions, ib. — Superstition, 429. Central Asia, ii. 392. Chalke Hook, ii. 347. Chambers, Thomas, i. 121, 123, 128, 131- Chambly, Fort, i. 384, 385, 386, 396. Champlain, his first voyage on the SL Lawrence, i. i. , on the lakes, 310, ff. , canal, i. 230. , Lake, i. 247, 272, 305, 316, 346, 367, 373. 384. 395- Chancery, Court of, ii. 313. Chapman, Caroline Matilda, ii. 442. Charles I. , i. 80. Charles II. , i. 78, 80, 237, 238. Charles Scribner's Sons, ii. 454. Cherry Valley, ii. 422. Chesapeake Bay, i. 4, 310. River, i. 56. Chester, Pa., ii. 251. Cheyenne, ii. 395. Christina, Queen, i. 34, 35. , Fort, i. 35, 36, 38, 42, 44, 45, 46, 47, 49, 52. Church, first in Albany, i. 109 — on North Pearl Street, no — on Bea ver Street, ib. — bell, in — of 1656, no, in — Dutch, of Albany, in. windows, i. in. and State in New Netherland, funds, i. 112. of Albany, ii. 419. of England, i. 237, 239, 240. -, English, built by Mr. Schuy ler, ii. 220, Episcopal, ii. 352. - of New York, action as to bu rial of Leisler, ii. 169. -, Reformed Dutch, endowed, ii. Reformed Dutch, arrange- 194. ment with John Schuyler, ii, 195. , John Barker, ii. 242, 274, 280, 281, 365. , Mrs., ii. 275. , Philip„ ii. 281. William A., ii. 309,412. Cincinnati, O. , ii. 447, 449. Clapp, Abby, ii. 308. -, Dr. Asahel, ii. 442. Clarendon, Earl of, i. 268. Clarlc, John, i. 81. Clarke, George, i. 508 — ii. 133, 247. Clarkson, Secretary, i. 405. Clarksville, Ark., ii. 381, Classis of Amsterdam, ii. 489. of Bergen, ii. 491. Clausen, Laurence, interpreter, ii. 42. Claverack, i. 149, 177, 178, 224, 232- 237, 245, 274, 280-282, 290, 346 — ii. 132, 158, 253, 283, 335, 466. Clermont, i. 280, 287 — ii. 334, 335. Clifton Park, ii. 367. Clieter, Jan, i, 179. CUnton, DeWitt, i. 142 — ii. 174. Governor, writes that Sara toga is destroyed, ii. 119. ; controversy with Assembly, , ordered fort to be rebuilt, ii. 120. , George. Governor, i. 204,281, 508 — ii. 113, 121, 158, 208, 254, 262, 364. 375- Clopper, Elizabeth, ii. 171. Closter, ii. 405. Cluet, Benjamin, ii. 183. Clute, Anna Barber, ii. 371. Cobb, Rev. Leander, ii, 442. Cobleskill, N. Y.,ii. 478. 504 INDEX. Cochran, James, ii. 243, 251, 283. , Dr. John, ii. 242, 251-52, 283. , Mrs., ii. 366, 477. Cod, Cape, i. 65. Coens, Rev. Cornehs, ii. 429. Coeymans, Andries, ii. 427, 428, 433, 434- , Barent Pieterse, i. 225—11. 434. , Gertrude, Jr, ii. 431. Coeymans' tract, i. 231 — ii. 434. Coeymans village, ii. 177, 434. Coeyman's Church, ii. 428, 434. Cohasset, i. 91. Colden, Cadwallader, i. 118, 282, 299, 388, 421, 508 — ii. 36, 37, 69, 70, 71, 76, 81, 106, 214, 215, 320, 321 — an enemy of Peter Schuyler, 93 — as historian, 354 — land speculations, i. 300 — obnoxious, ii. 159. , Mrs., i. 300. Colendonck, i. 22, 23, Colfax, Schuyler, ii. 198. , William, ii. 198. Collindale, i. 299. Collins, Edward, i. 296, 298, 300 — ii. 379 — death, 301. , John, i. 170, 186, 296-301 — ii. 379. 414- ¦ , Margaret (Schuyler), i. 296, 297, 298^ — ii. 414 — married, 301. , Samuel, 296. Colombiere, de la, ii. 116. Colonial documents, error of, ii. 215. Colonies, English, i. 421 — on the Del aware, 33 et seq. — quotas of men, 432. Colonists resist unjust taxation, ii. 260. Colonization, early, i. Colony, Zwaanendal, i. 13, 14, 16. , Rensselaerwyck, 14, 15. , Pavonia, 15. Colored troops, ii. 383, 384. Colve, Anthony, Director-General, 1673-74, i. 293, 507— ii, 328, 457. Columbia College, ii. 281, 362, 392, - 426. Commissioners, boundary, i. 333. Committee of Ways and Means, ii. 315— of Safety, 1. 340— ii. 214, 353. Common School Fund, ii. 358. Communipaw, 31. Company, Commercial, for settling America, i. 2. , London, i. 3. , Plymouth, i. 3. , Dutch East India, i. 4. , for settling America, i. 6, 7, 8. ¦ , West India, chartered, i. 10 — its powers and privileges, T^. — its field of operations, ib. Compo, Conn. , ii. 444. Comtemanche, ii. 117. Congress at New London, ii. 45. Continental, ii, 262, 266. Congreve, Mr., ii. in. Connecticut, i. 69, 71, 76-79, 81-85, 96, 141, 168, 2.t7-249, 347, 352, 369, 370, 374, 394, 454— ii. 122, 295— claims ol jurisdiction, i. 30 — colony, 67, 68, So— colonists seek removal of Dutch, 70— contribution to war, 431 — quota, 432 — delegates, 422 — denies assistance to retake Cada raqui, 442 — fear of Dutch, 482 — General Court of, 87 — reinforces Albany. 352, 366, 367, 368. River, i. 7, 65, 66, 71, 73, 85, 86, 89, 304, 313— ii. 114. Conrad, Captain, ii. 383. Consistory, i. 240, 242. Constantinople, ii. 392. Convention of Albany, i. 349, 350, 351, 352 — provincial, ii. 262. Cook, Sophia, ii. 464. Cooper, Rev. Charles D., ii, 154. , General, ii. 382. John Taylor, ii. 153. Coote, Richard, see Bellomont, Earl of. Copper Mine, Schuyler's, ii. 192, 217. Cork, Ireland, ii. 256. Corlaer, Indian name for Governor of New York, ii. 184. , i. 322, 355, 390, 470, 475, 477. Corlaer's Hook, ii, 294. Cornbury, Viscount {Edward Hyde), Governor of New York, 1702-08, i. 263-268, 296 — ii. 7, 11-13, 16, 22, 101, 131, 133, 142, 350, 351, 357_ap- pointed Governor, 12 — conference with Five Nations, 13 — visits Sara toga, III. Cornelis (Indian), 298, Cornell University, i. 466 — ii. 395, 412. Cortlandt, see Van Cortlandt. , Col., i. 483. , Mr., i. 496. Manor, i. 199, 201, 294 — ii. 432. Cornwall, ii. 216. Corwin, Manual of the Reformed (Dutch) Church, ii. 491. Cosby, Colonel William, Governor of New York, 1732-1736, i. 508 — ii. 112. Cossacks, the, ii: 393. Coster, Magdalina, ii. 245. Cotterel, Sir Charles, ir 34. Coudewater, Manor of, 208. Council, the, i. 239, 241, 242, 245, 252, 254, 255, 256, 259, 260; 261, 262, 263, 266. 267, 268, 269, 270, 272, 273, 275, 2S6 — address Governor Clinton, ii. IS9- INDEX. SOS Counts Buren, ii. 336. County of Buren, i. 208, 209. Courcelle, M. de, invades Mohawk country, i. 315 — failure, 316, 317, 318. Courland, Dukes of, 187-189. Court of Appeals, ii. 383. of Common Pleas, ii. 357. of Errors, ii. 357. Coventry, ship, ii. 213, 214. Coveville, ii. 97. Cowboys, L 202, 204. Cox, Daniel, ii. 131, 133. Craggs, Secretary, ii. 67, 68, 69. Craig, Henry S, , ii. 200. Crailo, i. 206, 207, 208, 223, 224. (Greenbush), i. 235. Crampton, Hannah (Scrivener), ii. 43?. 440- Crawford, Captain, ii. 382. Cregier, Martin, i. 54, 55, 144, 145, 146, 147. Crevier, M. , tortured, i. 433, Cromwell, Protector, i. 76, 77. Crook, George, General, ii. 394, 395, ¦, John, ii. 166. Croon, Dirk Janssen, i. no. Crown Point, i. 368, 463 — ii. 30, 112, 121-123, 224, 259, 374 — captured, 124 — soldiers stationed at, 182. Crowningshield, ii. 200. Crosby, Clarkson, ii. 153. Croton River, i. 198. Crystal Hill, ii. 279, 363. Curafoa, i. 135, 339 — ii. 296. Curler, see Van Curler. Cushing, General, ii. 152. ^, Miss, ii. 153. Cuyler, Anna, ii. 151. , Catherine, ii. 151, 243. •, Charles, ii. 251. , Charles Henry, ii. 251. , Cornelis, ii. 240, 242 — his family, 250, 251. , Cornelis, Jr. , General in British Army, ii. 251. , Cornelius, ii. 278. , George Augustus, ii. 251. , Hendrick, ii, 250. , Jane, ii. 151 . , John, ii. 256. ;— , Nicholas, ii. 151. , Philip, ii. 256. , Rachel, ii. 461, 462. , R. M., ii. 401. , Sarah, ii. 339. Cuypers, Gerardus, Rev., ii. 171. Daggett, N., ii. 451. Dakota, ii, 366, 383. Dale, Sir Thomas, i. 88, Danforth, George S. , ii, 4S8. Dankers, i. 56, note, & Sluyter, journal of, i. 56. Dan's Chamber, Danskamer, Dance- chamber, i. 147 — ii. 190. Dartmoor Prison, ii. 496. Dartmouth, i. 268. Date Creek, ii. 394. D'Aux, Chevalier, i. 372. Davenport, Rev. John, i. 66, 80, 89. David Hook, ii. 130. Davids, Christopher, i. 121. Davis, James, ii. 154. , James C, ii. 442. , J. S, , Rev., ii. 171. Davitt's, ii. 1S3. Davos-Platz, ii. 385. Dean, Mary, ii. 152. Declaration of Independence, signers of, i. 287 — the instrument, i. 227. De Decker, John, i. 176. Deerfield, destroyed, ii. 234. De Grood, Aagje, ii. 461, 462. De Hulter, farm, i. 170 — see Hulter. Deivertje, ii. 305. Dekanissora, Onondaga sachem, i. 415, 416, 418, 424/-, 437.458. 469.475, 501 — ii. 5, 6, 51, 55, 61, 62, 64,228— at Quebec, 419-^indignation, 444 — cause of agitation, 476 — ill-assorted marriage, 4S9 — fearful of poison, 495 — in disgrace, 504 — relates his experience in Canada, 4, 5 — de graded, 94. De Kay, Thomas, ii. 169. De Key, Teunis, ii. 339. Delabogtealn, ii. 429. De Laet, Johanna, i. 155, 219, 220. , Johannes, the historian, i. 14, 210, 212, 219. , Johannes, Jr., i. 213, 219. Delafield, Maturin L. , ii. 284; De la Fortune, ii. 108. De Lancey family, ii. 342. , Bishop, ii. 356. , James, Lieutenant-Governor of New York, i. 202, 281, 508 — ii. 108, 128, 158, 259. ¦ , Oliver, i. 202, 204. , Stephen, i. 201. De la Noye, Peter, i. 191. Delavan, Edward C. , ii. 154. Delaware, i. 56, 78, 394 — see Swedes. Bay, i. 4, 8, 13, 33, 34, 58, 79, 201 — colonies on, 33-65 — discovered by Hudson, 4. country, i. 59, 60. ¦ River, i. 8, 14. 31, 38, 41, 45, 46, 48, 49, 53, 55, 5$, 63, 64, 71, 74, 85, 92, 112, 132. 141, 292, 391— ii. 134, 184, 193. 209, 289, fort on the, i. 10, 33. beHwares, the, i, 121, 134. So6 INDEX. Delline, Henry, ii. 411. Dellemont, Marte, i, 160. Dellius, Dominie Godfrey, i. 299, 303, 3SI, 407, 408, 453, 459, 461, 465, 493 — ii. 134, 148, 285 — takes refuge in New England, 375, 381— petition, 134, 135— ^land patent, 135 — prohib ited from preaching, 139 — mission ary work, 143 — appeared before Assembly, 144— suspended, 145 — learned Mohawk language, 146 — farewell to Indian converts, ii. 148 — Commissioner to Frontenac, i. 462, 466. De Luze, C. H., ii. 245, De Meyer, Anna Catrina, ii. 293. , Deborah, ii. 293. , Elizabeth, i. 186— ii. 293, 306. , — , Henricus, ii, 293. , Nicholas, ii. 284 — marriage, 288 — wedding festivities, ib. — mer chant and miller, 289 — complains of lawyers, ib. — breaks the law, 289, 290 — prosecuted, 290 — active in sur rendering New York to English, 290 — alderman, ib. — he and his wife obtain notoriety, ib. — house to be plundered, ib. — extent of property, 291, 292 — appointed mayor, 292 — appointed councillor, ib. — dead, ib. — his will, 293. , William, ii. 293. Dempster, James, ii. 417. Denonville, Marquis, ii. 353 — arrives in Canada, 325 — prepares for war on Senecas, 326 — at Frontenac, 327 — expedition against Senecas, 328 — report to French ministry, 328, 329, 330, 334 — at Fort Frontenac, 435. Denver, ii, 384, 386. & Rio Cirando Railroad, ii.384. DeOol, Mrs., ii, 441, 442, De Peyster family, the, ii. 342. , Anna, ii. 469. , Catherine, i. 202. , Johannes, ii. 10, 41, 247. ' , John, ii, 462, 469. , Pierre, ii. 196. Depue, WiUiam, ii. 406. De Reimer, Machtelt, ii. 426. De Rider, Killian, ii. 105. De Ronde, Rev. Lamburtus, ii. 417, 424, 425, De Ruyter, i. 135. Dervall, Johannes, i, igo. Des Moines, la., ii. 454. De Sille, Nicasius, ii, 302, 340. , Walburga, ii. 340. Detroit, i, 483. Deventer, i. 207. Devendorf, Charles A., ii. 407, 408. De Vries, David Pieterse, i, 16-18, 27, — manager of Zwaanendal, 13, 14— protest of, 19— ruined by Indian war, 18— returns to Holland, ib. De .Waag, man-of-war, i. 46. De Wandelier, Sara, ii. 371. De Winter, Bastiaen, i. 158. De Witt, John, i. 142. , Rachel, ii, 341. Tjirck Claessen, 1. 142— ii. 131. Dey, Esther, ii. 198. , Teunis, ii. 197. Dickinson, , ii. 405. , Ann Eliza (332), ii. 406. , Charles, ii. 406. , (iornelia R. (333), ii. 406. , Cornelius, ii. 406. , Dorcas (321), ii. 406. , Dorcas {326), ii. 406. Dieskau, defeated, ii. 122. Dimick, Deborah Palmer (Schuyler) ii. 418. ¦ , Ira, ii. 308, 418. , Philip tjchuyler, ii. 418. Susan Ann, ii. 418. Directors of New Amsterdam, i. 26. , list of, i. 507-509. Dirk, called Rode, ii. 136. Dirkse, Cornehs, ii. 341. Dix, Lucy M., ii, 307. , Rev. Morgan, ii. 359. Doane, Bishop, ii. 222. , John, ii. 153. Dominie's Bouwery, ii. 346. Hoeck, ii. 346. Dominion of New England, i. 333, 335. Dongan, Colonel Thomas, Governor of New York, 1682-1688, i. 87, 166, 192, 219, 245, 250, 274, 275, 277, 283, 285, 293, 319, 323, 325, 327, 330, 337, 363, 427. 507— ii- 96, 107-9. 129, 130, 140, 165, 292, 293, 319, 323, 325, 327, 330, 331, 341, 457 — spends winter at Albany, 331-3 — relieved by Andros, 333- Doove Gat, ii. 97, 125, 126. Kill, ii. 97. Dordrecht, ii. 373. Dorn, Jemima, ii. 482, 484. Dort, Synod of, ii, 359, Doughty, Rev. Francis, i. 29, 91. Douw, i. 138, 143. , Anne, ii. 416. , Volkert Pieterse, ii. 416. Dovecot, ii„ 97. Dragon, man-of-\var, ii, ¦^•j. Drake, i, 304, , Ella, ii. 155. , Susan, ii. 154. Duane, James, ii. 214, 353. Dubeau, Captain, defeated, i. 455. Du Bpis, Rev. Galterus, ii. 427, 428, 431?- INDEX. 507 Du Bois, Louis, ii. 285. Dubo, Louis, i, 140. Dudley, Charles E., ii. 380. , Governor, ii. 19, 24, 41 — wants assistance, 53. -, Mr. , son of the Governor, visits Montreal, ii. 236. Observatory, ii. 3S0. Dug Springs, ii. 383. Duke of Cambridge, ii. si6. of York, i, 218 — ii. 164, 349. Duke's farm, ii. 349. Duncan, Anna, ii. 400, 402. Dunkerkers, i. 13, 19. Dunscomb, William E., ii. 359. Dunstable, a fort burned at, ii. 234. Duryea, ii, 197. Dutch, the, i. 24, 32, 36, 38, 39, 40, 42, 44, 47t S4' 63, 106, 107, 325, 126, 129, 130, 131, 135, 148, 149, 151, 152, 163, 305, 306, 308, 314, 326, 322, 330, 335. 417 — ii. 300 — influence of, on Ameri can history, i. 87 — supply Indians with weapons, 312. ¦ Bible and Records, ii. 315, 316. Colonial Records, translated, ii. 471. Church, i. 239, 240, 244 — ii. 337, 419, 420 — at Albany, i. 158, 293, 303 — church property, 303 — ii. 466- at New York, 380 — ii. 456 — of Schen ectady, 2S6 — at Schoharie, 488-491 — at Westminster, i. 238. Collegiate Church of New York, ii. 424, 425. language, i. 180. merchants, i. 4. minister, first ordained in America, ii. 489. towns on Long Island, i. 30. East India Company, i. 31, 32, 33' 34. 35' 36, 37' 39. 40, 41. 43, 44. 49, 50. 52. 54, 55. 57. 58. 59. 60. 62, 65. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 77' 93' 94. 96 — buys lands- from the Indians on the Delaware River, 42 — orders the Swedes to be driven from the river, 45 — furnishes a man-of-war, 46 — on the verge of bankruptcy, 48. Dutchess County, i. 270, 282- Duval, Judic Henrietta, i. 208. Dyckhuyse, Swantie, ii. 191, 192, 205. Dyckman, Johannes, i. 103, 113, 175, 176— ii. 330. East Indies, i. 258. Eastman, Clara, ii. 201. Eaton, Theophilus, i. 66. l''bbing, Jeronimus, i. 220 — ii. 290. Ecker, Thomas, i. 179. Eddy, Samuel, ii, 153. Edick, Elizabeth, ii. 244, Edmonds, Elizabeth, ii. 441, 442. Edward, Fort, i. 272, 373. Edwards, Susanna, ii. 200. Eells, Edward, ii. 451. Egypt, ii. 276, 373. Elbertsen, Elbert, ii. 339. Elimburg, Fort, i. 38, 39, 42, 46. Elizabeth Island, i. 2. Elizabethtown, N. J., ii. 183, 192, 193, 450. 451- Elizabethtown Point, ferry, 216. Elk River, i. 55, 56. Elliott, Andrew, i. 509. Elmendorf, Catharine, ii. 379. , Peter, ii. 401. Peter E., ii. 400. 11. 192, 193- Elting, John, ii. 171. Embassy, Dutch, to London, i. 238. Emden, ii. 316, 420. Emigration from Holland, i. 27, Endicott, i. 96. England, i. 71, 119, 194, 201, 205, 237, 250, 251, 252, 254, 255, 257, 261, 262, 263, 268, 269, 270, 277, 278, 289, 304, 350. 384 — begins to appreciate her colonies, ii. 122 — escape to Hol land of non-conformists, i. 88 — King and Queen, 335 — meagre supplies, 460 — Protestant, 335 — sends out a fleet, ii. 122 — small aid to province, i. 430-1 — strengthens military forces, 432 — visit of Mohawk chiefs, ii. 33- 39 — war with, of 1812, 447^ — war with France, i. 336. English, the, i. 9, 32, 37, 39, 41, 44, 45, 47. 53. 60, 151, 153, 305, 306,314, 320, -325, 330. army, surrender, ii. 125. colonies, taught some lessons, ii. 124. ¦ competition for influence with Indians, i. 480. Government, i. 323, 342 — ap points boundary commissioners, 333 — policy with Five Nations, i.321, 322, 325. prisoners returned, i. 464. , profligate, ii. 141. traders captured by Denon ville, i. 327. treatment of Indians, ii. 77. • towns on Long Island, i. 30. Entail, laws abrogated by the Revo lution, i, 231, Episcopal Church, i. 203. Ericksen, Dominie, ii. 489. , Reinhart, ii. 414, Eries (Indians) destroyed by Iroquois, i. 313- Erie Canal, i. 230. 5o8 INDEX. Erie, Lake, i. 261, 307, 313. Ernst Casimir of Nassau-Dillenburg, i-43- Esopus, i. 31, 117, 169, 178, 190, 203, 220, 247, 302, 347 — ii. 289, 435. (Kingston), situation of, i. 31, 62. , the new village, i. 120, 152 — first fight at, 131 — siege of, 132 — treaty of peace, 135. • . Great, i. 137, 138. , massacre, i. 141-143. • ¦, war, i. 216. , threatened, i. 438. , Indians, i. 78, -134, 145 — attack on, 147,148 — treat for peace, 150,151. Europe, i. 321. Evans, George, i. 296. • ', Sarah, ii. 464, 465. Evening Post, ii. 385. Evertse, Jacob Cornelis, Jr , i. 507. I-'.vertsen, Elsie Cuyler, ii. 154. Exchange Place, i. 118. Ezras (Indian), i. 298. Falmouth, ii. 216. Fancher, Abigail, ii. 481, 482. , Martha, ii. 481, 482. Far Indians, in Albany, ii. 89. Farmer, sheriff, ii. 67. Farmon, Nellie M. , ii. 309. Fathers and Sons, ii. 392. Fauconier, Peter, ii. 131-133. Faugeres, Margaretta, ii. 174. Fendall, Governor, i. $3, 54, 55, ^6. Fenwick, George, i. 69, 70, 79, Fifth Cavalry, ii. 393. Fire Island Inlet (L. I.), i. 50. Fish Creek, ii. 104, 117, 238. Fish Kill, outlet of Saratoga Lake, ii, 97- Creek, i. 201, Five Nations (Indians), i. 9, 136, 199, 247, 248, 253, 260, 26X, 263, 264, 265, 268, 288, 353, 354, 380, 381, 390 jf; 3'^S, 402, 406, 408, 463, 465— ii. 7, 23, 32, 61, 122, 146, 157, 378, 466, 467 — Iroquois confederacy, 305, 306 — origin, 307 — description, 308 — num bers, 309— war practices, 310 — fight with Champlain, 311 — acquire fire arms, 312 — overwhelm Algonquins, 312 — destroy the Hurons and Eries, 313 — treaties with Dutch and Eng lish, 314 — invasion of Courcelle, 315 — invasion of de Tracy, 316 — con quests south and west, 318 — inva sion of de la Barre, 318 et set/. — claimed as vassals by French and English, 320 — conferences with Eng lish, 321 — conciliated by French, 321 et j^$r.— policy, 322 — importance of board of commissioners, 324, 325, 326 — as galley slaves. 327 — supplied with guns by the English, 328— at tack Fort Frontenac, 329 — .torture of prisoners, 329 — invade Montreal, 329 — invade Montreal again, 330 — island of Jesus invaded, 330, 332, 333 — conference with Andros, 334, 337^ message to Frontenac, i. 371 — coun cil at Albany, 381 et seq. — letter from Fletcher, 409— council with Wes sels, 411, ^^j 374- Forts at Saratoga, vvhere located, ii. 126-129. Foster, George W., ii. 449. Four Peaks, ii. 394. 510 INDEX. France, i. 325, 326, 353, 383, 384. , New, i. 315, 318, 319, 324, 325. , King of, relieves de la Barre, i. 325 — instructions to Denonville, 326. • , Indians sent to, i. 334. ¦ , war with England, i. 335. , Wessel's story of invasion, i. 411. ^ help to Canada, i. 430. , annual supplies from, i. 460. Fransorra, ii. 100. Fredericks, Evalina, ii. 482, 484. Frederickstadt, i. 138. Freeman, Rev. Mr., i. 492. Freedoms and Exemptions, statute of, i. n, 171, 177, 209, 212. Frelfnghouse (Frelinghuysen), Eliza beth, ii. 422. Frehnghuysen, Theodore, ii. 422. , Theodore, chancellor, ii. 421. , Rev. Theodorus, ii. 415, 416, 419-422. , Rev. Theodorus Jacob, ii. 419, 420. Fremont (Frymoet), Joh. Casparus, ii. 416, 419. , General John C, ii. 423. French, the, i. 136. 155, 161, 167, 169, 194. 304, 305, 306, 313, 314, 3^6, 317, 329, 33^, 337, 352, 391, 483— in Can ada, 32 — explorations, 320 — policy ¦with Five Nations, 321, 322, 326 — expedition against Senecas, 326 et seq. — in consternation, 330 — pre pare to attack Albany, 331 — prison ers, 334 — scenes at Onondaga, 372 — at La Prairie, 385 et seq. — loss, 388 — enterprise, 395 — attack Mo hawks, 397, 399 — loss in Mohawk expedition, 402, 407 et seq. — repair forts, 487 — insincerity, 490 — peace with, 423, 424 — order of march, 448 — the emissaries, 458 — prison ers, 462 — continue the war, ii. 122. and Indians, i. 346, 348. agents, ii. 6. Canadians, i. 32, 247, 264, 291. Church, New Rochelle, ii. 149. government, claimed Lake Champlain, ii. 112 — appoints boun dary commissioners, i. 333. ¦ — proselytes, ii. 18 — commit mur ders at Schaghticoke, 48. • Protestants in Bushwick, i. 29. refugees, ii. 108. ¦ • Indians, ii. 158. reported in Minisink, ii. 188. and Indian War, ii. 259. -, proposed Indian alliance with, ii. 467. Roger, ii. 430. Friesland, i. 43, 207. Frontenac, Count de, i. 318, 330, 349, 353' 355. 358, 371. 375. 3^3^ 389, 39i. 395^ 397, 407. 408, A13, 415, 418, 424, 462 — ii. 143, 226, 227 — sends delega tion to Onondaga, 372 — receives Iroquois deputation, 419 — influence over Indians, 420— sends envoys to Onondaga, 425 — alarms Albany, 434 — restored to Canada, 436 — activity, 438 — scouting parties, 439 et seq. — roast Iroquois, 440 — reoccupies Ca- daroqui, 441 — success of, 445 — pre pares winter campaign, 446 et seq. — bodily weakness of, 449 — inhumanty of, 450 — retreats, 450 — roasts an In dian, 451 — designs against New York, 453 — receives flag of truce, 459 — receives commissioners, 464 — to Bellomont, 465, 468 — receives letter by Johannes Schuyler, 470 — death of, 472 — dreams of, ii. 78. , Fort. See Kingston and Cada raqui, i. 319, 326, 371, 419 — Denon ville at, 327- -attacked by Iroquois, 329 — established, 435 — destroyed, 436 — famine, 482. Frote, Jean de, ii. 369. Frymoet, Johannes Casparus, ii. 422. Frymuth, ii. 422. Funerals, 112. Fur trade, the, 136. Gale, John C. , ii. 406, Gallows Flill, ii. 278. Gansevoort, Ann, ii. 401. , Ariantie, ii. 401. , Catherine, ii. 401, , Colonel, ii. 474. , Elizabeth, ii. 401. , Elsie, ii. 401. , Eveline, ii. 400, 401. , Harme, ii. 130. , Johannes, ii. 401. ¦, Leonard, ii. 400, 401. , Maria, ii. 401. , Rachel, ii. 401. Rensselaer, ii. 401. Gardenier, i. 104. Gardiner, Fanny Foy, ii. 409. , Henrietta Schuyler, ii. 409. , Lion, i. 66, 68, 69, 89 — ii. 412. , Mary Miller, ii. 310, 395, 409. Samuel H. , ii. 409, 412. Gardiner's Island, ii. 412. Garmo, Pierre de, ii. 109. Garrison, , ii. 198. Gates, General, i. 287 — ii. 125, 126, 268, 270, 326, 404, 477 — appointed to army of Canada, 268. , Sir Thomas, 88. INDEX. 5" Gassam, George G., ii. 152. Gelderland, i, 28, 163, 171, 206 — ii, 336 — History of, 171. Genealogical and Biographical Re cord, ii. 195. table. Fort Family, ii. 371 — Arent Schuyler, ii. 196 — Brant Schuyler, ii. 171 — David Schuyler, ii. 461 — Jacob Schuyler, ii. 481 — Johannes Schuyler, ii, 242-245 — Peter Schuyler, ii. 150 — Philip Pieterse Schuyler, i. 185 — Philip Schuyler second, ii. 3o6^Philip Schuyler second in the female line, 396 — Scribner Family, 440. Genesee River, ii. 281. Genet, Maria, ii. 400. Geneva, ii, 395. George of Hanover, King, ii. 56. , Lake, i. 312, 316, 395. Geographical Societies, ii. 393. Georgias, i. 92 — ii. 86, 445. Gerard, J. W. , ii. 347. German Flats, i. 306. Germans in the Mohawk Valley, ii. 473- Germany, i. 276. Gerritse, Goosen. See Van Schaick. Ghyse, Joachim, Rear-Admiral, ii. 173- Gideon, ii. 286. Gila River, ii. 394. Gilbert, Sir Humphrey, i. is. Giltnar, Eleanor, ii. 307. Gladding, Emeline L, , ii. 407. Glen, Jacob, ii. 240, 247, 257. , Jacob S. , ii. 400. , Johannes, i. 474. •, John, ii. 105. ¦ , Capt. Sander, i. 359, 362, 363— ii. 224. Godyn, Samuel, i. 12, 13, 53, 210. Goes, Jan Tysen, ii. 332. Golden Otter, the ship, i. 338. Gomarists, the, i. 9. Gonzales, Benjamin, ii. 449, 450. Good Hope, Fort of, 65, 67, 77. Goods seized by guard, ii. 314. Goose Creek, ii. 394, Goossen, Geertj'ien, i. 115. ' , Gerrit, i. 115. , Sybrant, i. 115. , Anthony, i. 115. Gordon, Dowager Duchess of, ii. 437. Gosnal, Capt. Bartholomew, i. 2. Gourley, Maria, ii. 397. Gouverneur, Abraham, i. 340, 428 — ii. 342, 426, 428, 432, 434 — elected speaker, ii. 8 — reports on griev ances, 144 — recorder, 168. -, Alida, ii. 427. , Gerbrant Abraham, 11.428, 434. Gouverneur, Gertrude, ii. 428. — , Isaac, ii. 173, 426, 428, 429, 431.433,434- — — — , Johanna (Low), ii. 429, 429, 432- 434- , Magdalena (Hall), ii. 429, 436. -, Magdalina, ii. 426. -, Margrita, ii. 426, 430. -, Maria, ii. 427, 432. -, Maria Matilda, ii. 431. -, Mary (Leisler), ii. 434. -, Nathaniel, ii. 431. -, Nicholas, ii. 342, 427, 428, 429, Samuel, ii. 426, 427, 428, 431. , Sarah, ii. 430. , Sarie (Morris), ii. 427, 437. Governor's Island, i. 11. Governors of New York, list of, i. 507- 509- Graham family, ii. 216. , James, Attorney-General, i. 192, 259— ii. 437. , Augustine, ii. 68- — suspended, i. 496. Grande, Marie, ii. 368. Grant, Chauncy L. , Jr., ii. 310. Mrs., of Laggan, i. 155-156 — ii. 161, 250. Gravesend, i, 28, 91, 291. Great Carrying Place (Fort Edward), ii. III. Greece, ii. 392, 393. Greek Church, ii. 360. Green, Joshua, ii. 369. Mountain boys, ii. 124, 265. Greenbush, i. 225, 235, 346 — ii. 159. Greenwich, i. 82 — ii. 295. Bay, i. 73. Griffin, Martha A., ii. 309. Groenendyck, Peter, ii. 85. Groeneveld, manor of, i. 207. Groesbeck, Catherine, ii. 150. Gerardus, ii. 105. , , William Claes, ii, 461. Groesbeeck, Rev. David, ii. 359. Groot, Hester, ii, 414. , Symon, ii. 369. Grosvenor, • — , ii. 245. Ground Briefs, i. 116. Guard House at Carrying Place, ii. Guiana, i. 16. Guilder, the, i. 11 — value of, in Mas sachusetts, 2s. in 1646 = $5 now. Gustavus Adolphus, i. 34. tiaarlem, i. 30. Hackensack, N, J., i. 17 — ii. 490, 491, 492, 493- River, ii. 217, 220, Haekinsackys, the, i. 135. Haeghoort, Pastor, ii. 430, 431, 489. 512 INDEX. Haerlem, ii. 289 Hague, The, i. 70, 208. Hale, Dr. David Morey, ii. 441. , Esther (Scribner), ii. 441. , Harriet P., ii. 442. Halfmoon, the ship, i. 4— Half Moon, the estate, i. 152, 153, 302, 390— ii. 16, 370, 371- Hall, John, ii. 436. (Gouverneur), Magdalena, ii. 429, 436- Hamilton, Alexander, ii. 242, 273, 274, 2S1, 283. County, i. 232. , Eliza, ii. 244. , Governor of New Jersey, i. 422 — ii. 208. , James A., ii. 283. , Mary Morris, ii. 244. Hancock, John, ii. 319. Hand, Sally, ii. 400. Handsome Savage, the, ii. 278. Hannah, an Indian, ii. 136. Hanover Square, i. 338— ii, 207, 342. Hansen, Hendrick, i. 499 — ii. 53, 137, 472. , Maria, ii, 462, 463, 472. Hanyost (Schuyler), ii. 463, 473-477, 497- Hardy, Governor, ii. 128, 129. Haring, ship, i. 187. Harison, Francis, ii. 69, 70. Harlem, ii. 436. Harper's Monthly, ii. 347. Harper s Weekly^ ii. 222. Harson, George, ii. 171. Hartford, i. 65, 66, 67, 71. 74, 77, 80, ^Si 19°, 348 — convention at, i. 73, 76 — treaty of, i. 41. Hartgers, Peter, ii. 340, 348. , Sytje, ii. 345. , Peter, ii. 348. Harvard College, i. 93, 227 — ii. 217^ students captured, 166. Hastings, Lord, ii, 495. Hauck, Mary, ii. 465, 466. Haukens, Leonora, i. 208. Haverstraw, i. 295. Haverstroo, i. 201. Haviland, Colonel, ii. 123. Hawley, Betsey (Scribner), ii. 441, 442, 452. , Thomas, ii. 441, 452. Haywood, George, ii. 399. , Melissa, ii. 402. ¦ Hazen, Colonel, ii. 326. , Moses, ii. 362. Heathers, Mrs., i, 300. Heemstede, i. 29, Heermans, Augustine, i. 55, 56. , Ephraim, i. 56, n. , Jan (John), ii. 436. Heermans, John, ii. 429, 436. Hell Gate, ii. 346. Hendrick (Indian), i. 298, 299, 493— ii. 36, 128, 138— secret agent, 54, 55— visits Governor, 56 — wishes to go to England, 57 — restored, 76 — his Indian name, 143. Hendrikus, Rev., ii. 428. Henlopen, Cape, i. 12, 13, 53. Henry, John V., ii. 274. Herbitsen, Andries, i. no, 137, 138. Herkimer, Catherine, ii. 463, 464. , Elizabeth Barbara, ii. 462, 463. , Johann Jost, ii. 473, 474. General Nicholas, ii. 473, 474, 475- Herrick, Harriet, ii. 484, 487. Heyes, Captain, i. 13. Hieronimus, ii. 318. Highlands, the, i. 5, 201, 295. Hill, Col. , ii. 403. , General, ii. 47. Hillhouse, Harriet, ii. 153. Hilliche, ii. 147. Hilts, Lydia, ii. 199, Hinckly, Dr. John W., ii. 465. Hinoyossa, i. 57, 58, 59, 60, 61 — i, 62, 63- History of Redemption, ii. 363. Hitchcock, Caroline E., ii. 443. , Clinton, ii. 443. , Ira, ii. 244. Hitts, Elane, li. 481, 483. Hobart College, ii. 222. Hoes, , ii. 332. HoUaendare, Peter, i. 37. Holland, i. 36, 43, 45, 49, 57, 58, 59, 62, 64, 67, 70, 74, 84, 85, 87, 88, 89, 90, 109, 112, 114, 153, 157, 163, 171, 175, 176, 177, 178, 180, 210, 243, 293 — ii. 149, 291, 329, 345 — contest with Spain, i. 4, 5 — party strife in, 9 — a refuge for the persecuted, 88 — its educational system, 8g — its enlight ened political and religious views, 90 — its commercial supremacy, 92 — municipal privileges of, 92, 93 — love of learning in, 94, 95 — Schuylers in, 99 — baptismal names in, 100. , University of, i. 237. , Henry, Captain English army, 1. 297. Hitchen, English officer, i. 301. , Stadtholder of, i. 335. Holmes, George, i. 35. , Oliver Wendell, ii. 319. , Robert, ii. 402. Holy Land, ii, 373. Plonduras, ii. 251. Honyost. See Hanyost. Hooges, Antoni de, i, 182. Hooker, Rev. Mr., i. 67, 89. INDEX. S13 Hoosac River, i. 233, 305. Horehill, Fort, i. 58, 64. Horekill, 13, Hottest month, 1775, 1793, ii. 418. Hough, Alexander H., ii. 403. Housatonic River, ii. 131, 332. House, Hendrick, i. 467. Howe, Jemima, Mrs., ii. 211. , Lord, i, 155 — ii 249. Hoyt, WiUiam, ii. 201. Hudde, Andries, i. 39, 40, 48. Hudson, Henry, i. 4, 5, 304, 310. City, i. 237. River, i. 5, 7, 12, 14, 31, 38, 74, 78, 79, 86, 87, 102, 121, 201, 209, 219, 229, 232, 23s, 245, 272, 274, 281, 305, 306, 310, 311, 395, 401, 402, 426— ii. 264. Hughs, Colonel, ii. 319. Huguenot, French, i. 201. Huguenots, i. 31, 49. 324 — ii. 373, ^ banished, ii. 99. settle near Albany, ii. gg. Hull, George, ii. 4og. Humbert, Jonas, ii. 357. Hun, Abraham, ii. 401. , Elizabeth, ii, 400. Hungerford.Diecy, i. ig2, ig6. Hunt, Eliza L., ii. 154. Hunter, Grace, ii. 243. , Mary, ii. ig7. , Col. Robert, appointed gov ernor, ii. 40 — his first conference with Five Nations and others, ii. 40 — holds conference with Indians, 46 — directs forts to be built, 48^ loaded supply ships, ib. — not sur prised, 4g — protects the borders, ib. — hurries to Albany, 51 — built forts, 54 — at Indian conference, 56 — alarmed, 57 — unhappy, ib. — re plies to Hendrick, ib. — makes a compromise, 58 — last conference, 62 — goes home, t'i — alarmed, 67 — arrangement with Burnet, 79. , Brigadier Robert, Governor of New York, 1710-1719, i. 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 283, 289, 290, 299, 508 — ii. 33i 42, 45. 47, 60, 64, 66, 72, 75, 81, 142, 215, 258, 286, 351, 468. , Thomas Mulford, ii. 465. Hunterfield patent, the, ii. 469. Hurd, Edgar H. , ii. 201. , Lucy S., ii. 309. Hurley, i. 139, 162. Huron, lake, i. 261, 311. Hurons, the, i. 311, 312 — overwhelmed by Iroquois, 313. Hutchings, John, ii. 10, 12. Hutchinson, Mrs. Ann, i. 28, gi. , the historian, ii. 233. Hulter, Johan de, i. 105, 122, 220. ¦, Mme. de, i. 158. Hyde, Edward, i. 508. Iberville, M. d', ii. 16. lUinois River, i. 318. Indiana, ii. 447, 449, 450 — pioneer history of, 455. Indian affairs, i. 322, 324, 331 — com missioner of, 297 — board of, 420 — board of commissioners reorgan ized, 452 — board of commissioners, report, 457 — board of commission ers, 472 — commissioners report to Bellomont, 485 et seq. — cost of ex- pe4ition, 487 — board of commis sioners, new instructions, 496 — board, 297 — ii. 468, Indians, chiefs in England, ii. 34 — their address to the Queen, ib. — names of, 36 — farewell ad dresses, with their tokens, 35, ^^ — , couriers, 41S — deeds, 117, 298 — ii. 131, I33i i3Si 13^1 140— defiance, 450 — fights, 439 et seq. — fisheries, 485 — invasion, 1655, 298 — mail carriers, 232 — names, 274 — nations of New England, annihilated, 228 — orators, 466 — proselytes, camels of the des ert, 313 — slaves, 193 — speeches, 412, 413 — trade, 102 — ii. 457 — war of 1643, i. 18, 28 — ii. 294 — aid the Dutch against the Swedes, i. 40 — sell lands on the Delaware to the Dutch, 42 — Abenaki, 447 — Christian, 489 — in crease, 492 — Connecticut, 155 — Del- awares, 314 — drunken, 140 — expen sive soldiers, 393 — raids in Canada, 396 — the Five Nations, 247— fond of news, ii, 54 — Highland, i, 198 — Hu ron, 447 — Illinois, march to attack Iroquois. 3ig — Long Island, 146, 148 — Mohawk, 102 — Mohegan, 245, 274 — of New England, 312 — Onon dagas and Senecas, 288 — praying, 416 — raids of, 31, 32 — sale of lands in New Jersey, 24 — Schaghticoke, 233 — Senecas, 2go — survey of the, with whom the Dutch had to deal, 304-335 — want ministers, ii. 4go. Ingham, Harriet A., ii. 484, 486, Ingoldesby, Richard, Lieutenant-Gov ernor of New York, i. 296, 377, 378, 39°! 395, 397, 398—"- 26, 47, 351— council at Albany, i, 390 — bad mili tary policy, 3gg, 407 — absence with out leave, 495, 508 — commission re voked, ii. 39 — Acting Governor, ii. 182. Ingnosedah, i. 299. Intolerance of New England, i. 28-30. SI4 INDEX. Ireland, ii, 256. Irish, ii. 264. Irondequoit Bay, i. 327, 328 — ii. 85. Iroquois, sovereignty over, i. 471 — must be destroyed — ii, 16— termed Six Nations, ii, go — confederacy, 305. See Five Nations — and Shawa noes bury the hatchet, 186. Irving, Washington, ii, 271, 328. Island, Great, of the Flatts, i. 161. Israel, ii. 374. Ithaca, N. Y. , ii. 366, 367, 454. Jackson, James, ii. 354. Jacobites, i, 248, acob (Indian), i. 4g3. acobs, Maurice, his aliases, John Binchson and Long Finn, i. 64. Jacobsen, Rutger, i. no, in. Jacquet, Jean Paul, i. 47, 48. Jamaica, i, 205, , L, I,, i. 29 — ii. 25. James I., i. 254. James II., i. 193, 194, 330, 332, 333, 334. 335. 336, 337, 35°- James River, i 3 — ii. 439. Jans, Anneke, i, 235, 286, 338 — ii, 327, 335' 342, 399, 457 — and her Bouwery, 337-361 — a widow, and marries a second time, ^27 — and sister Maritje families connected with others, 338, 342 — removed to Albany, 345 — death and will, ib. — patent of her farm, 347 — her heirs sell her bouwery, 348 ¦ — her heirs get a new patent, ib. — suits by her heirs to recover the farm, 352, 361 — her heirs send out agents, 355 — her Bible and rings, 360. , Maritje, i. 338— ii, 338, 340, 342. Jansen, commissary, i. 27* 3^' 39* , Roelof, ii, 337, 346. — , Tryntje, ii. 338. , Tymen, i. 338— ii. 338, 340, 342, 343-, Volckert, i, 138. Jarret, Allan, ii. 68, 70, 71. Jauncy, Elsie A,, ii. 154. Jay, ii. 265. ¦ — , the family, ii. 342. Jealousy of English merchants, i. 191. Jenkins, Anna, ii. 409. Jersey Blues, ii. 212. City, i, 292. Jerusalem, ii. 378. Jessup, Sarah, ii. 398. Jesuits, the, i, 249, 313, 322, 324, 334, 381, 407, 408— ii. 145 — influence on Indians, i, 479 — false reports, 492. Jesuit missionaries, i. 298. Jesus, Island of, i. 330. Johnson, Captain, i. 373. , Elenor, ii. 201. , Sir John, i. 236— ii. 266, 488. Sir WiUiam, i. 118, 299, 453- ii. 36, 76, 122, 123, 259, 264, 320, 321, 470, 490. Johnsons, the, ii. 264. Johnston, Andrew-, i. 203. Dr, Mayor, ii. 67. Johnstown, N. Y., ii. 478. Jolive, John, ii. 451. Jonas, Tryn, ii, 338. Joncaire, builds a fort in Seneca coun try, ii, 44. Jones, David, ii. 352. -, Judge, i, 280— ii. 254, 255. , Richard, ii. 212. , Samuel, ii. 243, , Thomas, ii. 352, 356. WiUiam, i. 338. Jonkman, D. , ii. 373, Joris, Adriaaen, Director-General of New Netherland, 1623-24, f. 26, 507- Joseph (an Indian), 11. 138. Judiciary Committee, i. 284, 285. Jurian, i. 408. Kansas, ii. 381. River, ii. 386. Kellogg, Daniel, ii. 445. , Epenetus, ii. 445. , Phebe (Scribner), ii. 440, 445- 447- Samuel, ii. 445. Kelly, WiUiam S., ii. 4.06. Kemble, Gouverneur, ii. 172. , Peter, i. 201. Kennebec River, i. 3, 305 — ii. 235. Kennedy, Archibald, Receiver-Gen eral, ii. 194, 215, 341. , Archibald, Captain, ii. 197, 213, 214, 341- Kent, Rev. Elisha, ii. 443, 451. , James, Chancellor, ii. 254, 271, 274, 451- , Moss, ii. 451. Kent's Parish, ii, 443, 451. Kentucky, ii. 447. Kenyon, Nellie, ii. 155. Kerr, Walter, ii. 412. Ketcham, Julia McChain. ii. 307. Kettell's biographical sketches, ii. 174. Kettle, the Great, i, 447. Khokand, ii, 393. Kidd, Captain WiUiam, i. 251, 256, 257, 258, 259, 261. Kieft, WiUiam, Director General of New Netherland, 163S-47, i. 189, 211, 215, 2g2, 507 — ii. 2g3, 368 — di rects Indians to be killed, 2g4 — in- INDEX. 51S dignant, 344 — lost at sea, 345 — i. 18, 19, 22, 26, 27, 28, 29, 34, 35 — In dian War, 19 — recalled, 20 — orders the expulsion of the English from New Netherland, 37, 38, 91 — com plains of the Connecticut colony, 71. Kierstede, ii. 357. , Blandina, ii. 339. , Elizabeth, i. 290. , Dr. Hans, i. 339—"- 339, 348. , Hans, Jr., ii. 342. , the family, ii. 343. Kievet's Hoeck, i. 6^.," Kimball, Hattie, ii. 443. Kinderhook, i. 346, 455 — ii. 129, 130, 131, 132, 140, 336. Creek, ii. 129, 246, 332. Lake, ii. 335. King, Charles, ii. 393, 426. , Gertrude Wallace, ii. 310, 393. , Hendrick, ii. 286. , Henrietta Liston, ii. 426. , Rufus, ii. 273. 393. ¦ of France, i. 410 — treatment of Indians, ii. 77. of Spain, dead, ii. 5. William III., i. 192, 266, 267 — ii. 170. Kings County, i. 377. King's farm, ii. 349. Kingsland, Hannah C, ii. 171. • , Hester, ii. 196, 205, 471. , Isaac, ii. 192, ig6, 205. , Mary C, ii. 199 Kingston, Canada, see Cadaraqui and Fort Frontenac, i. 31, 120,. 179, 247, 304, 318, 319, 355— ii. 131, 189, 282, 284, 328. , N. Y. , ii. 435, 471- Kinnan, Mary, ii. 481, 482. Kinsale, ii. 251. Kintekoye, i. 140. Kip, Eliza, ii. 198. , Jacobus, i. 294. ¦ , Johannes, ii. 169. , Leonard, ii. 403. , the family, ii. 339. Kispauw, Ann, ii. 308. Kling, Moens, i. 37. Kneeland, Bessie, ii. 202. Knickerbaker, Johannes, i. 234. Knickerbacker, ii. 424, 425. , Herman, ii. 401. , Jannetie, ii. 340. Knickerbackers of Schaghticoke, ii. 130. Knickerbocker, Dr., ii. 409. . , Harmen Janse, ii. 130. Konigsmark, Count, i. 64. Kouassaden, Oneida Sachem, i. 411, Krom Kil, i. 154, 159. Kuer, Jacob, ii. 373. , Pieter, ii. 373. Kuldja, ii. 393. Kurney, Mercy, ii. 244. Labadists, i. 56 ?z. — ii. 33g. Lachine, i. 446. Lady of the Flatts, ii. 321. Laet, Johanna de, i. 120. La Famine, i. 319, 327. La Fleur, ii. 108, 109. Lafort, Marcus, ii. 369. La Fourt, Bartholomew, ii. 369. Lake Champlain, ii. 123, 135, 237, 264, 267. George, ii. 37, 114, 115, 123, 259, 267, 269, 274 327. - St. Sacrament, ii. 114, 122. Lamb, Mrs. Martha j. , ii. 284, : La Montagne, Johannes, i. 114, 115, 144, 216 — ii. 299, 300, 302, 304. La Motte, Isle, i. 373. Lancaster, ii. 251. Langdon, Eugene, ii. 245. Lansing, Abraham A., ii. 400, 401. , Abraham Douw, ii. 401. , Angelica, ii. 153. , Ariantia, ii. 401. , Catherine, ii. 400, 401. ¦ , Elsie, ii. 405, 406. ? ¦, Gertrude (Schuyler) (16), j. 161 — ii. 151. Gertrude (Schuyler), {33), ii. 160. 405. -, Isaac D. F., ii. 153. -, Jacob, ii. 405. -, John (Johannes), ii. 132, 150. -, John A., ii. 416. John Jacob, ii. 306, 396, 404, , Killian V. R., ii. 401. -, Lena, ii. 406, 407. -, Maria, ii. 400. -, Rev. Nicholas, ii. 405, -, Peter, ii. 160. -, Philip, ii. 105. , Sanders, ii. 153. Lansinburgh, ii. 176. La Prairie, i. 155, 374, 3S4, 385— ii. 224, — Schuyler's fight, 385. La Salle, i. 435 — ii. 109. Law prohibiting Canada trade, ii. 83, 87, 88 — to preserve Dutch records, 261— for division of estates, ii. 104, 106. Lawrence, Thomas, ii. 347. , Thomas, Jr., ii. 431, 438. — -^ — , Warren, W. H., ii. 310. Lawyer, Elizabeth, ii. 464, Lee, Charles, ii. 263. ¦ , General, ii. 265, Si6 INDEX. Lees, Deborah, ii. 440. Le Fort. La Fort, de Fort, ii. 36S, 36g. See Fort, the family. Le Forte, Jacob, ii. 373. Legal fees, and fees charged, ii. 28g. Leggett, Barthia, ii, 397, 398. Leisler, Catherine, i. 340 — ii. 341. , Francina, i. 340. , Hester, i. 340 — ii, 342, 434. , Jacob, i. 167, 168, i6g, igi, 193 j^., 2or, 202, 203, 241, 242, 245, 246, 247, 249, 250, 255, 327 ff., 348, 349, 460, 461, 508 — ii. II, ic8, no, I3g, 143, 164, 166, 172, 182, 223, 225, 285, 2g2, 2g3, 328, 332, 340, 343, 3g6, 426, 428,432, 458, 468 — letter to Alba ny, 355 et seq. — fails to gain Albany, 357,359. 366,367 — his commissioners at Albany, 368 — patriotism, 369 — fits out man-of-war, 369 — alliance with New England, 370, 372, 375 — arbi trary policy, 376 ct seq. — trial, 379 — execution, 380 — assumes to be lieutenant - governor, 341 — procla mation, 342 — arrest of Bayard, 344 — dread in Albany, 345 — express from Albany, 346 — history of, 337 — captain of the fort, 339 — comman der-in-chief, 340 — letter to conven tion, 350, 351, 352, 354— his burial, 169 — made a map, 213 — possessed attractions and ability, 341. , Mary, i. 340— ii. 341, 434. Livingston, Angelica, i. 290. , Brockholst, i. 287. -, Captain, ii. 121. -, Susanna, i. 340 — li. 341. Leislerians, i. 255, 256, 262, 263, 354. Lespinarde, Antoni, i. 331. Lespinard, Anthony, of Albany, ii. 108, 109, 369. , A., intimate with Governor of Canada, ii, 109. ' Lewte, Governor Morgan, i. 290. ¦ , Morgan, ii. 353. , Thomas, i. 340. , Thorn, li. 429. Lexington, ii, 263. Leyden, i. 88, 95. , University of, i. 95. Lievens, Annetje, i. 114, 115, 116, 153. , Janssen, i. 114. Limburg, i. 100. Lindenwald, ii. 335. Ling, Matthew, ii. g. Linn, Hetty, ii, 38®. Lisbon, ii. 216. Lispenard, Abigail, ii, 380. Street, New York, i. 331 — ii. log. Little Falls, i. 486— ii. 247. Rock, Ark., ii. 381, 449. Livingston, the family, i. 243, 286 — ii. 264, 265, 335. , Alida, i. 164, 296. , Catherine, i. 227. , Edward, i. 288. , Engeltie, i. 236 — ii. 339. , Gilbert, i. 287 — ii. 103, 105. , James, i. 290. -, Janet, i. 290. , John, j. 286, 287, 290. , Rev. John H. , i. 2S7. , Katharine B., ii. 203. , Margaret, ii. 105, 106, 132. , Margarita, ii. 414, 419. , Maturin, i. 290. , Mrs. Chancellor, ii. 2S4. , Peter, i. 290. , Peter R., i. 290. , Peter Van Brugh, i. 287. ¦, Philip, i. 160, 227, 243, 271, 280, 286, 288 — ii. 103, III, 132, 133, 247, 340. , Philip (second), i. 287. . Philip, signer of Declaration of Independence, ii. 132, 423. , Robert, i, 166, 170, 179, 185, 243-291, 296, 348, 352, 366, 367, 381, 383, '392, 405, 407, 417, 460, 461, 465, 466, 467, 478, 482, 483. 496, 4g8 — ii. 2, 17, ig, 22, 26, g4, g6, gg, 103, 105, 126, 127, 138, 238, 285, 286, 315, 458 — his career and family, 243-291 - — to Onondaga, 484 — end of career, 273 — history of Livingston Manor, 274-282 etseq. — his great prosperity, 285 et seq. — arrival in Albany, 243 — marriage, 243 et seq. — prominent in Dutch church, 244 — acquires an es tate, 245 — financial success, 246 — ¦ advances money for defence of Al bany, 247 — in New England, trouble with Leisler,248 — returns to Albany, 249 — shipwrecked,25o — in England, ib. — presents claim to the Lords of Trade, 251 — cold reception in Al bany, 252 — complains to Duke of Shrewsbury, 253 — reply to report of the Council. 254 — changes his poli tics, 255 — relations with Capt. Kidd, 256 et .'¦eq. — Bellomont's charges, 258 et seq. — skill in Indian affairs, Q^ ct seq. — Indians ask that he be sent to England, 262 — sails for Eng land, 263 — captured by privateer, 264 — reinstated by Queen Anne, 266 — befriended by Governor Hun ter, 267 — elected to Assembly, 267 et seq. — manor repatented, 26g — claims paid, 270 — elected speaker, ib. — his son appointed secretary of Indian affairs, 271 — friendship of Governor Burnet, 272 — sends to INDEX. S17 President Schuyler a memorial, 74. Livingston, Robert, Jr., i. 161, 288, 291— ii. 67, 73, 104, 150, 257, 419, 468. , Robert, third proprietor of manor, i. 280, 281, 282, 283, z86, 287 — ii. 132, 133, 217. , Robert James, i. 290. , Robert R., Justice of the Su preme Court of the Colony, i. 287. — , Robert R., Jr., Chancellor of the State of N. Y., Minister to France, i. 287, 288. , Rosanna, ii. 243. , Walter, ii. 151. , WiUiam, i. 285, 287, 288 — war governor of New Jersey, ii. 132, 134. 352. - Manor, i. 297 — ii. 130, 140, 323, 331 — history and description of, i. 273-285. Lockwood, Margaret, ii. 484, 487. ; MariUa, ii. 482, 485. Lodwick, Charles, ii. 59, 60, 329. London, i. 66, 237, 238, 258, 264, 268. , Bishop of, i. 265. Company, i. 3. Long House, i. 307, 308, 310. Long Island, i. 7, 24, 41, 50, 70, 73, 77, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 91, 132, 141, 151, 199, 245, 257, 337, 426— ii. 281, 294, 302, 440 — Dutch towns on, i. 427 — settlement of, 28-30 — English towns on, i. 30. Sound, i. 65, 66, 70, 85, 86. Longueil, M. de, i. 483. Lookermans, Anneke, wife of Olof Stevense Van Cortlandt, i. 188 — ii. 339- , Govert, i. 188, 338 — ii. 33g, 340, 341, 342, 343, 348. , Jacob, 1. 33g— n. 341, 342. , Jenetje, ii, 342. , Maritje, ii. 342. Lords Majors, the directors of the West India Company, i. 15, 18. Superiors, ii. 2g7. of Prade, i. ig7, 251, 256, 258, 259, 260, 261, 263, 264, 265, 268, 271 — recommend a present, ii. 62. Lossing, Benson J., ii, 254, 256, 271, 280, 284, 476, 477. Lost River, ii. 394, Louis XIV., i. 333, 334, 396, 431, 436. Lovelace, John, Lord, Governor of New York, 1708-1709, i. 267, 508 — ii. 26, 27, 40, 351. , Colonel Francis, Governor of New York, 1667-1673, i. 152, 225, 507—"- 129, 130, 348, 349, 352, 354- Loivressen, Sergeant, i. 129, 130. Low, families, ii. 435, Abraham, ii. 430, 435. Annatje, ii. 435. Anthony, ii. 435. Cornelius, Sr., ii. 430, 432, 434, 435- 435, 426. 429, 432, Cornelius, Jr., ii. 426, 429, 436- Elizabeth, ii. 397, 435. Gertrude, ii. 431. Helena, ii. 435. Hendrick, ii. 435. Henrietta Liston (King), ii. Isaac, ii. 429, 432. Johanna, ii. 431, 432. Johanna (Gouverneur), ii. 426, 432- Johannes, ii. 435. John, ii. 430, 431. Margaretta, ii. 430. Margareta (Van Borsum), ii. 435- Margreitje, ii. 435. Maria, ii. 435. Nicholas, ii. 426. Nicolas, ii. 430. Petrus, ii. 435. Samuel, ii, 430. Sarah, ii. 430, 432. Tymen, ii. 435. Wilhelmus, ii. 430, 435. WiUiam, ii. 431, 432. Countries, the " University of war,'' i. 8g. Louwrens, Andries, i. 127. Lowndes, Harriet, li. 245. Lucas, Earl, ii. 309. Ludlow, William H. , ii. 399. Lupton, William, ii. 171. Lutheran Church, ii. 490, 491 — at Schoharie, i. 488. Luttrell, Narcissus, account of Indian kings, ii. 38. * LUycas, Evert, ii. 129. Luzerne, Switzerland, ii. 454. Lydius, Rev. John Henry, ii. 115, 419, 490, Lyman, Col., ii. 122. Lynn, ii. 206. Lyon, General, ii. 383. , Lucy, ii, 412. , Marcus, ii. 309, 412. Mabee, Maria, ii. 484, 486. McCartey, Abby, ii. 400. Rebecca, ii. 400. McCord, Margaret, ii. 464, 465. , Mary, li. 464, 465. McConn, Maria, ii. 151. 5ii INDEX. McDonald, John, ii. 276. McDoweU, C. E., ii. 309. , Camp, ii. 393. McElroy, Archibald, ii. 256. McGregor, i. 203. McMaster, Kate, ii. 482, 484. ¦ , Robert P., ii. 154. Machin, Thomas, ii. 199. Maestricht, i. 100. Magazine of American History, ii. 275, 365- Magdalen Island, ii. 130. Maine, i. 92, 305, 335, 375 — ii. 18, 122. Malcolm, Richard M., ii. 354. , , Samuel, ii. 243, 283. , William, ii. 354. Manchester, Earl of, i, 79. Manchini, Kate, ii. 200, 202. Mandeville, , ii. ig7. , Esther, ii. 307. Manhattan, i. 5, 7, 12, 18, 2g, 30, 35, 36, 45, 46, 83. gi, g2, g6, 117, 128, 137, 144, 145, 151, 172, 175, 188, 210, 211, 302, 426 — ii. 246, 2gg, 304, 347 — fort on, i. 10, 27 — purchase of, 11 — diversity of languages in, i. 27. Mann, Rev. Duncan C, ii. 201. Map of Saratoga Patent found, ii, 105. Maquas, i. 298 et seq. See Mohawks. Marcellus, J. W., ii. 309. Maricour, M., i. 472, 479, 491 — ii. 4, 5, 6, 228. Marin, M., ii. 114-117, 125, 127 — com mands an expedition, 114 — retreats, 119. Mars, ii. 245. Marschalk, Elizabeth, ii. 462, 463. Marselis, Esther Ann, ii. 411. , Frances, ii. 411. Marselius, Anne, ii. 400. Marselus, Margaret, ii. 464. Marshall, Chief Justice, ii. 271. Martin, Abigail, ii. 484, 486.' ¦, Ira Kingsley, ii. 154. Maryland, i, 29, 52, 56, 62,33g, 36g, 370, 372, 391, 393. 405. 406, 412, 424. 483— contribution to war, 431 — quota, 432. Mason, Capt. John, i. 68, Sg. Massachusetts, i. 66, 71, 73, 76, 77, 78, 80, 82, gi, g3, 230, 231, 23s, 248, 280-282, 335, 347, 375, 3g4, 3g5— ii. 18, 24, 26, 122, 323, 450 — delegates, i, 422 — frontier of, ii. 112 — General Court of, i. 7g, 83 — proposes a con ference, ii. 234 — quota, i. 432 — war contributions, 432, n. , 438 — Schuy ler's letter about Schenectady mas sacre, 360 et seq. , 366, 367, 36g, 370 — seeks aid from Five Nations, ii. 87. Massacre at Schenectady, i. 358. Mathews, Capt., i. 3gg, 401— ii. 187. Matiset, Indian sachem, ii. 184. Maurice, Prince of Nassau, i. g, 23g. May, Cape, i. 12. ¦, Comelis, Director-General of New Netherland, 1624-1625, i. 26. Margaret, ii. 4g5. Mayflower, the, i. 91. Matazal Mountains, ii. 394. Mead, Frederick, ii. 443. Zalmon S., ii. 442. Mechanicsville, i. 153 — ii. 96, 98. Mechanics and Farmers' Bank, ii. 330. Megapolensis, Rev. Johannes, i. 27, 109, I2g, 182, 214 — ii. 246, 344. Melyn, Cornelis, i. 17, 18, 24 — ar rives, 17 — patent for Staten Island, 18, 19 — ruined by Indian war, 19 — banished, 20, 21 — returns, 20, 21 — compromise, 21. Memoirs of an American lady, ii. 250. Memphis, ii. 222. Mennonites, i. 58, 64. Meppel, ii. 378. Mercurius, ship, i. 48. Merrimack, ii. 234. Mersalis, , ii. igg. Merselius, Guisbert, ii. 320. Mexican Central Railroad, ii. 385. Mexico, city of, ii. 385. Michilimakinac, ii. 8g. Mico, John, ii. 318. Middleburgh, N. Y., ii, 488. Milborne, Capt. Jacob, i. i6g, 241, 242, 249.340,367-380— ii. 341, 432— Jacob, arrives at Albany, i. 34g — calls on the convention, 350 — attempts to get possession of the fort, 351, 352 — ap pointed Commander-in-chief, 370, 377 — trial, 37g — execution, 380. Milet, Jesuit missionary, i. 406, 408, 4og, 411, 414, 425, 450 — ii. 146. Milford, Conn., ii. 444. Military Academy, ii. 3g3. Militia, i. 439. Milk Creek, ii. 395. MiUer, Ann, ii. 198. , Catharine, ii. 3g8. , David, ii. 171. , John, i. 202. , Morris S., ii. 380. , Mrs., ii, 273. , Rutger B, , ii. 358. Millick, Harriet A., ii. 202. Mincees, i. 120. Minisink country, ii. 183. , village, ii. i8g. Minister, insult to a, ii. 421. Ministers licensed in HoUand, ii. 420. Minnesota, ii, 280, Minuit, Peter, Director General of. INDEX. SI9 New Netherland, 1626-1632, i. 26, 33, 42, 507 — ii. 328 — appointed direc tor of Swedish West India Com pany, i. 34 — erects a fort, 35 — death, 37- Minqua Kill, i. 34. Minquas, the, i. 135. Mispath, i. 29. Missionaries, Protestant, i. 492. Missionary, among Mohawks, ii. 54. Mississippi River, i. 310, 318. Moanagh, i. 201, 295. MobUe, Ala. , ii. 449. Mohawk Castles, i. 395 — attack on, 397- chiefs in England, ii. 467. ¦ Indians, excited, ii. 51 — uneasy, 55— seUing land, 135. • lands, ii. 134. patent, 11. 140. proselytes, ii. 234. . River, i. iiS, 209, 211, 298, 306, 311— ii. 133, 134, 264. Valley, i. 236 — ii. 206, 471, 473, 476, 488. Mohawks, the Indians (Maquas), i. 8, 32, 106, 118, 121, 133, 135, 144, 145, 150, 190, 211, 298, 306-15, 351, 354, 357. 358, 360, 367, 372, 373, 382, 383, 384, 395-99. 466, 484— ii. 4ig, 470, 473 — invasions from Canada, 315 et seq. — removal to Canada, 324, 32g, 332 — Christian, 381 - — action ¦with French, 400 — refuse to ad vance, 401 — decrease, 4gi — Prot estant, 4g3 — disappearing, ii. 145. Mohegan Indians, i. 65, 68, 120, 133, 135. 155, 211, 245, 274— ii. 229 Mompesson, Roger, ii. 58, 60, 133. Monckton, Major Gen. Robert, Gov ernor of New York, 1761-1763, i. 508 — ii. 215, 320. 321. Monroe, Amina, ii. 308. Montcalm, ii. 123, 2og. Montgomerie, John, Governor of New York, 1728-1731, i. 508— ii. 106. Montgomery County, N. Y., ii. ig5, 479- , General, i. 291 — ii. 124, 266, 267, 408. Montreal, i. 290, 305, 319, 321, 322, 326, 330, 346, 357, 367, 375, 383, 389, 391. 395. 407, 410, 459—11- 27. 109, 123, 224, 266, 313 — base of opera tions, i. 430 — Captain Schuyler's visit, 471 — return of Cadaraqui expedition, 442 — prisoners burned, 447- , Island of, invaded by Iroquois, i. 329 — second invasion, 330. Moody, Lady, i. 28, gi. Moolman, Arie, ii. 431. Moore, Sir Henry, i. 508 — ii. 261. Morehouse, Harriet, ii. 407. Morris family, ii. 342, 427. , Catherine, ii. 244. , Gouverneur, ii. 438. , Colonel Lewis, ii. 436. , Lewis, Jr., ii. 59, 60, 430, 433, 436, 437. 438. Lewis, on Cornbury, ii. 25 — appointed judge, 58. , Maria, ii. 431, 438. , Captain Richard, ii. 436. , Richard, ii. 436. , Sarie (Gouverneur), ii. 427, 437- -, Staats Long, ii. 437. , William, ii. 10. Morrisania, ii. 427, 436, 437. Morristown, N. J., ii. 446. Morton, Washington, ii. 243, 273. Moscow, ii. 392. Mother Barbara, ii. 279. Motley, J. L. (the historian), i. 92. Muhlenburgh, Rev. Mr., ii. 417. Muldrow, Samuel C, ii. 152. Munsell, Joel, i. 182 — ii. 262. Munster, ii. 328. Murray, John, Earlof Dunmore.i. 509. Naarden, i. 206. Nagle, Peter, ii. 433. Names of children, ii. 459. Nanfan, John, Lieutenant-Governor of New York, 1. 260, 261, 262, 263, 268, 470, 476, 478, 480, 481, 488, 508 — ii. 2, 6, 7, 8, 12, 22, 165, 233. Narragansett Bay, i. 8. Indians, i. 75. River, i. 66, 6g, 80, 81. Narrows, the, i. 4, Nash, Micajah, ii. 440. Nassau, i, 102 — ii. 334, 336. , Dillenburg, i. 43 n. , Fort, i. 33, 35, 37, 38, 3g, 40,41, 42. , Prince Maurice of, i. 9. Nederhorst, Herr, i. 16. Negro, the, i. 137. slave, who wished to live with Massa, ii, 192. , Schuyler's, ii. 497T Nelson, John, i, 388. Nether Dutch Church, ii. 164, i6g. Netherlands, the, i. 3, 8g — ii. 378. Neutral Ground, ii. 444. Neutrals (Indians), i. 313. Nevis. Island of, ii. 281. New Albany, Ind., ii. 446, 450, 455 — foundation of, 447, 448. New Amstel, i. 52, 53, 55, 58, 61, 63. New Amsterdam, i. 16, 25, 27, 31, 32, 520 INDEX. 33. 34, 36. 38. 40'. 44. 45, 47, 48, SL 52, 59, ''>3. 72, 73. 74, 84, gi, no, 118, 120, 121, 132, 135, 175, 176, 187, i8g, 215, 216, 2g2 — ii. 283, 2g4, 304, 316, 337 — population of, i. 33 — becomes New York, 85 — Indian outbreak, 122 — surrender of, igo— invaded, ii. 2gS. Newark, bay of, i. 17. New Barbadoes Neck, ii. ig2, 205. New Brunswick, ii. 251, 422. Newburg, i. 201. New England, i, 65, 72, 74, 76, 78, 84, 88, go, g2, g6, 194, 247, 248, 249, 258, 304, 320, 333, 335, 406, 412— ii. 18, 24, 269, 304 — education encouraged, 93i 95 — intolerance of, 28-30. ' path, ii. I2g, ¦ colonies, i, i6g, , colonies form a confederation, i. 71 — confederacy of, 8g. , Albany appeals to, i. 347 et seq. Newenhuysen, Dominie, i. 239, 240. New Gottenburg, i. 38, 39. New Hampshire, i. 91 — ii. 18, 322 — frontiers of, 112. New Haven, i. 37, 41, 67, 71, 72, 74, 76, 77, 79, 80 — colonists aggressive, 70. New Jersey, i. 24, 31, 80, 121, igs, igg, 201, 203, 287, 333, 3g4, 454— ii. 27 — churches of, 420— contribution to war, i. 431 — quota, 432 — quota of, ii, 208. Historical Society, i. 180, 181. New London, i. 79. New Netherland, i. 23, 27, 32, 33, 34, 37, 52, 58, 60, 63, 64, 65 ff., 90, gi, g6, 112, 127, 137, 151, 171, 207, 210, 214— ii, 288, 295 — named, i. 7, 8, 10 — directors of, 26 — toleration in, 30— population of, 31-33 — ^limited educational privileges, 93, 94 — council of, 137, 152. New Orleans, ii. 449. New Plymouth, i. 66, 73. New Rochelle, ii. 147, 258. Newspapers, substitute for, i. 104. New Sweden, i. 35, 36, 37, ^8, 44, 47, 61. Newtown, i.*29. New Utrecht, i. 24. New Village, i, 137-142, 147, 151-52, New York, a defence to colonies, i. 3g4 — always the frontier, ii. 62 — a royal province, 264 — builds forts, 28, 2g— capture of, 63, 64^-census, 1698, i, 427, 428. Bay, i. 4. , Central, i, 307, City, i. 367, 368, 372, New York, colony of, burden of de fence on, ii. 207 — condition of prov ince, 426^contribution to war, 432 — council in, 462 — history of, 280. frontiers, ii, 112. Historical Society, ii. g3, 255. not recovered from last war, ii. 28. the province, i, 322, 323, 325- Denonville's plan for conquest, 32g, 33°. 331 — boundary question, 333 — added to Dominion, 333, 335 — popu lation Protestant, 336, 227 — revenue, 42g — rumors of war, 451. State, i. 80, 86. . the city, i, 331, 332, 334. , the revolution, i. 341 et seq,, 346, 347. 348- , Times, ii, 222. , Western, i. 204. - World, ii. 222. Niagara, ii, 78 — block-house at, lop. , fort, i. 325, 327, 328 — abandon ed, 32g. River, i. 313. Nicholson, Fort, ii. 31. Francis, Lieutenant-Governor of New York, i. 336, 338, 340, 356, ¦ 508- ii. 27, 32, 34, 35, 36, 45, 46, 48, 49. 59. 94. Ill- Nicoll, Anna, i. 224, 225. , Mathias, ii. 436. , WiUiam, i. 195, 197, 224, 344, 378— n. 8, 167, 331.' Nicolls, Richard, Governor of New York, 1664-1667, i. 84, 86, 108, 152, 190, 303. 507— ii- 129, 290, 347, 348. Nieuwport, battle of, i. 207 — medal of, 208. Nieverville, ii. 117. Nine men, the, i. 189. Nipissings, ii. 117. Niskayuna, i. 179, 369, 390 — ii. l5, 370. Nissepat, ii. 429, 436. Noble,, Robert, i. 282. Noel, Thomas, Mayor, i. 198 — ii. 8, 168. No Popery, ii. 165, Normand's Creek, ii, 279. Norman's Kill, i. 102 — ii, 469. North America, i. 308. Northampton County, Penn., ii. 478. North Carolina, i. 309 — ii. 50. Northern Department, ii. 264, 270. North Pacific Coast Railroatl, h. 384. Norton, Sophia E. , ii. 201. Nova Scotia, i, 305 — ii. 122. Norwalk, Conn., ii. 439, 440, 444, 445, 451- Nutten Island, ii. 29g. Nyack, ii. 405. Nykerk, i. 100, 171, 178, 206, 207. INDEX. 521 Oaken cabinet, history of, i. 104, 105. O'Callaghan, E. B., i. 176, 179 — ii. 298. Ogden, Catherine, i. 205. , David, ii. 431. , Gertrude, ii. 430. , Mary, ii. 197. , R. H., ii. 244. 1 T. W. , ii. 244. Oghrecghhoonge, i. 299. Ohio, i. 92. River, i. 310, 318, 484 — ii. 122, 280, 446, 447. Olden, Barneveldt, John of, i, 207. See Barneveldt. , Manor of, i. 207. Old Jan's land, ii. 337, 347. Oliver, Charles, ii. 196. , James, ii. 318. , Margaret, ii. 193. , Sarah, ii. 318. Oneida, i. 353. Indians, i. 306, 307, 309, 317, 406, 407. 408— ii. 473. 477, 497— sub mit to Vaudreuil, 450. Camping place, ii. 133. County, ii. 280. Lake, i. 306, 309. 502. River, ii. 134. Onion River, i. 481. Onondaga, i. 307, 334, 352, 3S3, 370, 371, 408, 410, 418, 425— ii- -312, 467— burned, i. 449 — council fire, 322 — council at, 372, 468, 475 — fort at, 498. County, ii. 36'2.. Indians, i. 288, 306, 307, 309^ 311, 317, 319, 328, 330, 332, 346, 409, 411 — excited, 481. Lake, i. 449. salt spring, i. 499 — seeking site for fort, 500. Onontio, Indian epithet for Governor of Canada, i. 322, 355 — ii. 235. Ontario Lake, i. 261, 306, 307, 311, 318, 319, 326— ii. 471. Oosterhout, Maritje, ii. 371. . Oothout, Abraham, ii. 405, 406. , Lansing, ii. 406. Orange, Fort, i. 32, 78, 102, 108, 113, 116, 120, 126, 130, 133, 137, 144, 172, 176, 178. , house of, i- 100. , Prince of, i. 40, 43, ^9, 208, 238, 248, 33Sff: 339^ 350. Orangien, Jan Fort, ii. 368. Ordinations, ii. 489. Orehaoue, Iroquois chief, i. 436. Oriskany Creek, ii. 133, 134. , battle of, ii. 134. patent, ii. 133. Osborn, Augusta, ii. 349. Osborn, Catherine, ii. 407, 408. , Elizabeth, ii. 407, 408. , James H., ii. 407. Osborne, Sir Danvers, i. 508. . Oswego, i. 301 — ii. 123, 208, 255, 259. -, captured, ii. 209. , trading house at, ii. 314. River, i. 448. Ottawa Indians, i. 410, 448. River, i. 313. Otter Creek, i. 368,'"395 — ii. 135. ¦ River, ii. 114. Oyster Bay, i. 30, 73. Paauw, Director Michael, i. 12, 15, 30. Pacific Ocean, i. 281 — the western boundary of Massachusetts, 78. Packwood, Sarah, ii. 152.- Paine, M. F. ii. 410. Palatine, N. Y., ii. 252. settlement, i. 268, 277, 278. town, ii. 471. Palatines, the, i. 276, 277, 278, 297 — ii. 63- Palls, kept by Dutch church, i. 302. Palmer, Beriah, ii. 376. , Mary, ii. 307, 376. , WUliam, ii. 244. Parkman, Francis, i. 355 n. Parliament, ii, 262. Passaic River, ii, 192, 212, 220. Patcoke (Claverack), i. 455. Patroon, i. 226, 227, 228, 231 — last pat roon, 231. Patroons, i. 11-27, 30, 31. , charter granted, i. 209. , colony, i. 24. Patterson, Cornelia, i. 231. , Judge William, i. 231. Patuxent River, i. 55. Pawcatuck River, i. 81, 86. Paulus Hook, i. 292. Pavonia, i. 12, 17, 31 — ii. 294 — destruc tion of, 31. Peace of Ryswyk, i. 459. Pearl Street, New York, i. 200 — ii.342. Pearson, Prof. Jonathan, ii. 172, 261, 368. Pedrom, ii. 251. Pelham, i. gi. Pels, Evert, ii, 348. Penn, William, i. 64. Pennsylvania, i. 64, g2, 201, 3g4, 404, 406 — ii. 86, 87, 122, igo. militia, ii. 26B. Penny, Samuel, ii. 441. Pequannock, ii. igo, 193. Pequod Indians, i. 65, ^'j, 8g, 96 — the nation destroyed by the Dutch, 68. Perrot, Isle, i. 448, Perth Amboy, i. 203 — ii. igo. 522 INDEX. Peter the Great, ii, 393. Peterboro, N. Y., i. 291 — ii. 212. Philadelphia, i. 33, 37 — ii. 495. Schuylers, ii, 495, 496. Philipsburg, i. 23, 127. Phihpse, Adolph, i. 273, 341^. — ii. 315. 443 — suspended from council, Bo- loyal, 82. , Eve, i. 190. , Frederick, i. 23, 87, 127, igo, 193— ii. 290, 2gi. Phillips. Wendell, ii. 3ig. , E. E., ii. 203. Phil Sheridan, town of, ii. 386. Phipps, Frances, ii. 483, 485. , Sir William, i. 422. Pieterse, Philip, i. no. Pinchon, Colonel, i. 422. Pinhorne, William, ii. 135, 136, 137, 140, 144. Pinto Creek, ii, 3g4. Pirates, i. 257, 25S. Pitt, Secretary, ii, 210. Pittsburg, Pa., ii. 446. Place of graves, ii. 157. Plains of Abraham, ii. 267. Plainfield, N. J., ii. 453. Planck (Verplanck), i. 2g2. Platt, Hetty, ii. 3g7, 3g8. Ploeyden, Edward, i. 5. Plot, the great, i. 147. Pluck money, ii. 347. Plymouth, i. 3, 73, 76, 78, 79, 93. 95, 114, 370, 372 — ii. 216. Company, i. 3. Pocahontas, ii. 38. Pomeren, ii. 36g. Pompton, N. J, , ii. ig3, 205. Poppegaya, John, i. 43. Port-au-Prince, ii. 441, 447, 451. Porter, CaroUne, ii. 397. , Miss, ii. 440, 451. Port Royal, i. 286, 367, 275. Portugal, i. 250. Post, , ii. igS. , Symon Janse, ii, 100. Potthook, i. 274. Poughkeepsie, ii. 131. Powder River, ii. 394. Powhatan, ii. 38. Powis, George, ii. 200. Prairie Grove, ii. 383. Praul, Jane, ii. ig7. Praying Indians, or proselytes, ii. 107. Presbyterian Church, ii. 447, 453. Presbyterians, ii. 352. Pretty, Richard, i. 356. Price's Across the Continent, ii. 3g5. Priens, Captain, ii. 33g. Prince Maurice, i. 208, 209 — ship, 50. of Wales, ii, 216. Princess, the ship, ii. 345. Princeton, i. 227 — college at, ii. 453. Printz, Lieut. John, i. 38, 44 — appoint ed Governor of Is'ew Sweden, 38 — successful administration, 39 — con troversies with the Dutch, 40 — coun cil with the Dutch Governor, 42 — his retirement, 43. Prisoners tortured, i. 449. Proselytes, or praying Indians, ii. 32, 107, 108. Protestant Church, ii. 165. Protestants, i, 239 — ii. 99, 360 — ban ished, ii. gg. Providence, i. 91. Provincial Congress, ii. 263. Provoost, David, ii. 10. , Johannes, i, 115, 243. , William, ii. 342. , Sarah, -ii. 430. Putman, , ii, 407. Putnam County, ii. 443. , Israel, ii. 212, 263. Pynchon, Col., i. 365. Quackenboss, the family, ii. 371. , Jan, ii. 370. , Reynier, ii. 370. Quackenbush, r, ii. 199. Quadraques, ii. 430. Quakers, i. 405 — persecution of, by Stuyvesant, go, 91. Quebec, i. 248, 286, 291, 305, 317, 319, 321, 322, 327, 355, 366, 367, 375, 391, 408, 412, 418 ff. 459— ii. 16, 31, 47, 123, 124, 266, 408 — Captain Schuy ler's visit to, i. 470. Queen Anne, i. 264, 265, z66, 26g — ii. 13. 25, 162, 34g — fitting out an expe dition against Canada, 26 — Indian medals, 41 — dead, 56. Queen's farm, ii. 357 — and garden, tt patent for, to Trinity Church, 351. Queen's County, i. 376, 377. Queenstown, ii. 404 — battle of, i. 230. Queen Street, New York, i. 200, 203. Quidor, Indian name of Peter Schuy ler, i. 304, 354, 355, 415, 474, 477, 488— ii. 14, 35, 36, 43, 7g, g3, 157, 162— confidence of Five Nations in, 75 — portrait of, 163. Quincy, Edmund, ii. 3ig. Rab's battery, ii. 381. Radclift, Jacob, ii. 274. Rahway River, ii. ig3. Raleigh, Sir Walter, i. 2. Ramesay, de, ii. 30. Raritan, N. J., ii. 183, 420, 435. River, ii. 213, 434. INDEX. 523 Rawdon, Hon. Johij Theophilus, ii. 495. 496- , Lord, ii. 495. Rawlins, Wy, , ii. 395. Reading, Indian murders at, ii. 234. Recorder of Albany, n. 327. Rector Street, New York, i. 118. Red Hook, ii. 176. Reimer, Machtelt de, ii. 426, 429, 436. Reladons of Anneke Jans, ii. 348. Remington, Sarah Ann, ii. 203. Remonstrants, i. 239, Rensselaer. See Van Rensselaer. Manor (Gelderland), i. 206, 207, 224. County, ii. 362. Institute, i. 230. Rensselaerwyck, i. 14, 15, 21, 26, 32, loi, 116, 120, 157, 167, 171, 172, 177, igo, 211, 212, 214, 216, 217, 218, 220, 228, 24s, 302— ii. izg, 131, 132, 157, 253. 344. 370. 470. Republican Forks, ii. 386. Resolution of Assembly, ii. 33. Restless, the ship, i. 7, 8. Reval, ii. 3g2. Revolution of 1688, i. 335. , the American, i. 120, 180, 202, 204, 227, 228, 231, 237, 283, 287, 288, 2go. Reynders, Barent, ii. 342. , Mientje Seeger, ii. 428. Rhinebeck, i. 203, 290. Rhode Island, i. 21, 79, 80, 81, 82, 85, 86, 369 — quota, 432. Rich and noble, did not emigrate, ii. 317- Richards, Elizabeth, ii. 416, 424. Richelieu River, i, 316. Richfield Springs, ii. 470. Ricketts, Mary Walton, i. 205. Ridge, Susan, ii. igg. Ridgefield, Conn., ii. 452. Rinckhout, Daniel, ii. 369. ¦, Gertrude, ii, 369, 371. , Jan, ii. 369. , Juriaen, ii. 369. , Margaret, ii. 369, 371. River Indians, i. 427. Roberts, Colonel, ii. 121. Robertson, James, i. 509. Robinson, Rev. John, i. 88, 95. Rock Island, 111., ii. 454. Rode, Mohawk chief, i. 423 — ii. 143. Rodenburgh, Lucas, ii. 339. Roelof Jansen's Kill, i. 245, 274, 275 — ii. 285, 333, 235. Roelofs, Annatje, ii. 338, 340. , Jan, ii, 338, 340, 355. , Sara, ii. 338, 339. , Sytje, ii. 338, 340. , Tryntje, ii. 338, 339, 340. Roelofse, Catherina, ii. 399. Rogers family, ii. 452. , Abby, ii. 372, 373. , AbigaU (Scribner), ii. 440, 451. Dr. (Jriah, ii. 451. Roman Catholics, ii. 360. Rome, City of, ii. 134. Romer, Colonel, engineer, i. 499 — ii. 4, 13, no — experience among In dians, 500 et seq.— gX&d to get away, 503- Romeyn, Rev. John B. , ii. 379. Roof, Dr. F, H., ii, 492, 493. Roosevelt, Lelia, ii, 203. , Lydia E, , ii. 201. , Nicholas, ii. 9, 10. ¦, Sara, ii. 461, 463, 471, 472. Roseboom, Captain, ii. 42. ¦ , Margarita, ii. 379. Rosendale. ii. 238. Rosie, the family, ii. 371. , Jean, i. ,^59 — ii. log, 370. Rosmalen, i, 208. Ross, Martha, ii. 400. , T. , ii. 401. Rotterdam, i. 253. Roumania, ii. 3g2, 3g3. Roumanian Academy, ii. 393. Roun, B. A,, ii. 4iq. Rowes, J. T. , ii. 203. Royal Asiatic Society, ii. 393. " Royal Grant," i. 118. Russell, Joseph, ii. 403. , Lord Arthur, ii. 496. Rust Dorp, i, 29. Rutgers, the family, i. 106. , Anthony, ii. 468. , Elsje, ii. 461, 462. ¦, Harmanus, ii. 468. Rutse, Major Jacob, ii. 131. Rutsen, Jacob, ii. 282. Sarah, ii. 243, 282. Rye, township of, i. 87. Ryers, George, ii. 350. Rynders, Barent, i. 340 — ii. 434. , Gertrude, ii. 428, 434. , Hester (I,,eisler), ii. 434. , Johanna, ii. 173. Rysingh, Johan, i. 44, 45, 46, 47. Ryswyk, treaty of, i. 459, 478 — com missioners, i. 479. Sadakanahtie, Onondaga chief, 1.355, 418, 458, 488, 493, 504 — li. 4 — in Albany, i. 420 — visits Fletcher, 438 — ¦ visits Albany, 471 — speech, 477— a match for Bellomont, 495, 496, Sadalier, Cornelia K, , ii, 464, 465. St Clair, General, ii, 269. St. Helen's Island, i. 326. St. Jan, church of, i. 207. 524 INDEX. St. John, Henry, Capt,, the Honor able, ii. 197, 216. , John, Baron of Bletsho, ii, 197, 216, , Secretary, ii. 47. St, Johi;i's Square, ii. 253. St. Lawrence County, i. 232, River, i. 155, 305, 310, 312, 314, 332, 366, 374, 3gi, St. Leger, Col, , ii. 178, 275, 474-476, St. Louis, ii. 222, 383. St. Luc de la Corne, ii. 116, 121. St. Martyn, Yacht, i. 188. St. Mary's, Burlington, ii. 206, , Md. , i. 56. St Michel, Cape, settlers carried off, i.440. St. Ours, de, ii. 117. St, Petersburg, ii, 3g2. St, Pierre, M., de, ii. 115, 116. St, Sacrement, Lake, i. 316, 384, Salem, N. Y. , i. 37, 38. Creek, N, Y., i. 38. Saline River, ii. 381. Salisbury, Bishop of, i. 238. Salmon Falls, N. H., i. 433. Salt River, ii. 304, Springs, i. 449. Sanders, Laura, ii, 153. — , Margareta, ii. 400. , Maria, ii. 39g, 400, , Robert, i, 347, 354, 371, 398, 410 — ii. 130, 131. , Robert, 2d. ii. 150. , William N. S. , ii, 407. Sandford, Sarah, ii. 201. , Vice-Chancellor, decides for Trinity, ii, 355, 356. San Francisco, ii, 393. Santa Maria, ii, 393. Santen, Lucas, i. 192. Saratoga, i. 273, 4^6 — ii. 140 — men killed, i. 347 — a few families at, ii. in — attacked, 113, 114 — destroyed, ng — battle at, 476. County, i. 153, Lake, ii. 238, 374, Patent, i. 287, 2go — ii. g^, 106, 238, 247, 257, 378, 458, 472— proprie tors divide, g6 — partners' shares, g8 — renewed, 102 — new owners, 103 — to be divided, 104 — general his tory, 107— decisive battle, 126. Saugerties, i. I4g. Saulsbury, Mallykin, ii. 3g6, 3g7. , WiUiam, ii. 396. Sauthier's Map, ii. 127, 133, Savages murdering Dutch, ii. 299. Savings Bank Law, ii, 377. Savoy, Waldenses of, i. 49. Sawyer, Mary A. , ii. 243. Sawyer's Creek, ii. 130. Say and Sele, Lord, i. 63. Say-Brook, i. 66, 68, 69, 89. Sayre, Julie, ii. 143. Schackelton, Robert, ii. 308. Schaeffer, Charles Ashmead, ii, 310, 413- , Rev. Charles W. , D, D, , ii, 412. , Elizabeth Ashmead, ii. 412. ; Eugene Schuyler, ii. 412. , George Sch-iyler, ii. 412, Gertrude King, ii. 412. Schaets, Rev. Gideon, i. 241, 303 — ii. 142. Schaghticoke, ii. 175, 312, 371, 424 — murders at, 48 — Indians, i. 233, 305. 405-406, 427, 480, 481 — ii. 96, 229 — scouts, no — flee to Canada, in, 112. Schenck, Rev. G, C, ii, 284. Schenectady, i. 32, 109, 15S, i58, 169, 178, ig4, 246, 296, 297, 304, 315, 316, 347, 351, 352. 357, 376, 380, 381, 390, 393. 394, 396 iT- 492— ii- 16, 134, 319 — destruction of, i. 358 ct seq., ii. 458 — Schuyler's letter, 360, 366 — survivors provided for, i. 368 — de serters, 446 — petition to Bellomont, 468. Patent, ii, 286. River, ii. 135. Schermerhoorne, Jacob Jansse, i. no, c "3- Schermerhorn, Cornelius, ii. 400. , Ryer, ii. 138. Schieffelin, Sidney E., ii. 202. Schierph, Catharine, i. 186 — ii. 306. Schoenderwoert, Rutger, Jacobsen van, i. 105, Schoharie, ii. 422, 478, 488, 489, 490, 491. Creek, ii. 469, 489. Tract, ii. 433. Valley, ii. 238. Schoolcraft, ii. 477. Schools, i, 302 et seq. Schoonmaker, Cornelia, ii. 401. Schuiler, hamlet, i. 100. Schuiller, Pieterson Philip van, i. 100. Schulekraft, Christian, ii. 489. Schuyler, Aaron (201), ii. 206. ¦ , Aaron (297), ii. 221. , Abraham (4), 459 — ii. 27, 28, 33, 87, 8g, 103, 182, ig5, 333, 45g, 461, 462, 466, 467, 479 — in Onondaga country, 27, 28 — accompanies Mo hawk chiefs to England, 23 — in Seneca country — 87. -, Abraham (20), ii. 462, 463, 47Z, 479- , Abraham (50), ii. 463, , Abraham (91), ii. 464, 465. , Abraham (loi), ii. 464, 465. INDEX. 525 Schuyler, Abraham, an Oneida In dian, ii. 477. , Aeltie van, gg. . Adoniah (167), ii. 216. , Adoniah (igi), ii. 216. , Adonia Graham, ii. 216. , Alexander H. (42), ii. 380. , Alida (Alyda), i. 4, 183, 184, 185, 206, 243, 244 — ii. 459. , Alonzo Beekman (127), ii. 465, 466. , Andrew J. (86), ii. 484, 486. , Angelica (71), ii. 152. , Angelica (373), ii. 280. , Anna, ii. igg. , Anna (28), ii. 462, 469. , Anna Maria (69), ii. 152, 153- , Annatje (Van Alstyne) (n), ii. 492, 493. , Ann Eliza (Stoddard) (66), ii. 309, 411. Ann Elizabeth (Bleecker) (145), the poetess, ii. 173, 179, 380. , Ann Elizabeth (Staats), ii. 428, 433, 434. , Anne H. (65), her children, ii. 411. Rev. Anthony (301), ii. 201, 203, 222. , Arent (7), i. 163, 164, 183, 185, 226, 244, 401 — ii. 150, 180, 195, 340, 341, 459. 471. 487. 492, 494 — Biography, 1S0-195 — Married, 180 — bought a house where the eagle hangs out, ii. 180 — his will, 181 — supported Albany Conven tion, ib. — scouts in Canada, 182 — sent to meet Southern Indians, 183 — conducts the Shawanoes to New York, ib. — interview with Shawanoes, 184 — organizes a com pany, 186— in pursuit of French, 187 — removes to New York, ib. — goes to Minisink country, 188, 189 — removed to Pompton, igo — re ceives land from Minisinks, igi — makes a second will, igi — removes to Passaic River, ig2 — his copper mine, ib. — third will, ig3 — codicil to will, 194 — will proved, z^.— ancestor of New Jersey Schuylers, 195 — de scendants numerous, 196 — notes on his descendants, 205 — widow mar ried Archibald Kennedy, 215. , Arent (171), ii- 196, 197, 221. Arent (183), ii. 197, 198, 217- 2ig— description of his house and farm, 220 — ancestors rendered ser vice to New England, 220. I Ariaantje (Ariantia) (6), i. 236 — ii. 306, 33g, 399, 414. Schuyler, Aunt, i. 155. .S?« Schuyler, Margarita (360). , Barent (392), ii. 280. , Brandt (Brant) (6), i. 164, 167, 183, 185, 190— ii. 164, 170, 171, 434, 459, 471 — a politician, 164, 165 — marriage, 164 — biography, 164-170 —arrested by Leisler, 166— alder- manic contest, 9, 10, 169— member of court-martial, 167 — an alderman, ib. — recommended to the council, 168 — church officer, i6g — death and will, ib. — notes on the table, I72-I7g — few descendants, 171. , Brandt (140), ii. 171 — notice of his death, 173. Casparus (164), ii. ig6, 206. 206. Casparus (181), ii. ig7. 197.198, , Caroline, (125), ii. 465. , Catalijna (Verplanck), ii. 456, 461. -, Catalina (12), ii. 461. , Catalyntje (361) (Cuyler), ii. 242, 250, 470. , Catalina (Catlyn) (g), ii. 37g, 461. Catherine (8), ii. 306, 404, 405, 414, 416. , Catherine (60), ii. 3og, 412. -, Catherine (185) (Kennedy), ii. ig7, 212-215. , Catherine (383) (Cochran), ii. 243, 283. , Catherine (Van Rensselaer), i. 236, 290 — ii. 242, 340, 417, 484. , Catherine A. (33), ii. 377, 378, 379- 152. Catherine Elizabeth (80), ii. , Cheery Ann (47), ii, 308,410. , Christina (Ten Broeck), ii. 306, 327, 415, 417, 418. , Cordelia (126), ii. 465. — , Cornelia, ii. 407. , Cornelia- (52), ii. 308, 410. , Cornelia "(381) (Morton), ii. 243, 273- , Cornelia (Van Cortlandt), i. 200 — ii. 434. , Cornelius {72), ii. 153, 154, 163. , Cortlandt (369), ii. 242, 243, 256, 278 — an officer in the English army, 278 — the "handsome sav age," z5. , Daniel (14), ii, 481, 483. Daniel J. {22), ii. 481, 482, 4S3- David Pieterse, i. 100, 179, 293— ii- 3, 96. 98, 99, 100, 103. 175. 526 INDEX. 37g, 456-460, 47g, 4g2 — his life. 456- 460 — his descendants, 461-478. Schuyler, David (6), i. 34g — ii. 3, 4, 6, 7, ^37, 4^^. 4^2, 466, 467, ¦ 468 — mayor of Albany, i. 34g — ii. 468. , David (13), ii. 461, 462, 470, 471. , David (17), ii. 462, 463, 472. , David (23), ii. 462, 463, 480. , David (41), ii. 462, 471. , David (67), ii, 463. , David (74), ii, 464, 478. , David M. (5g), h. 483, 486. ' , Deborah (37), ii. 376. , Dirck (Derick) (15), ii. 307, 326, 365, 416, 418. , Dirck (19), ii. 195, 462, 472, 479- , Dirck (60), ii. 463, 464. ¦ , Edward E. S., ii. 216. , Elizabeth (4), ii. 396, 414. , Elizabeth, ii. 492. , Elizabeth (347), (Hamilton), ii, 242, 281. -, Elizabeth (De Meyer), 186 -ii. 287, 306, 413. Elizabeth (Staats), i. 186, 200, 296 — ii, 42S, 434. , Elsie (Van Rensselaer), i. 236 — ii. 307, 327, 364, 407, 408, 4ig. , Elsie (WendeU), ii. 4ig. , Eugene (81), ii, 310, 3gi,'392. , Evelyn (Si) (Schaeffer), ii. 310, 412. -, Frederick (77), ii. 310, 382, 383. , Garret L, (61), ii. 483. , George A. (43), ii. 482, 485. , George L. (404), i. 181— ii. 35, 163, 244, 245, 272, 283. , George S. (78), n. 484, 486. , George Washington (32), ii. 308, 310, 377, 442. , Gerrit (of Cologne), i. gg. , Gerrit (10), ii. 461, 462, 466, 470, 471- , Gertrude (Van Cortlandt) (3), i. 167, 183, 185, 186, 187, igo, 203- ii. 461. , Gertrude (Groesbeck), ii. 45g, 461. — : — , Gertrude, ii. 415. , Gertrude (362), ii. 150, 242, 251, 256, 283 , Gertrude Wallace (King), ii. 392. ¦ , Gysbert (2), i. 459- , Harmanus (21), 417- , Harmanus (24), ii. 462, 463, 473. 480. 183, 185— ii. ii- 307, 30S, Schuyler, Harmanus (7), ii. 306, 414, 415, 418. , Harmanus (10), ii. 85, 163, 306, 307, 319-327. 364. 366, 367— ii- 402, 407, 414, 415 — Asst. Alderman and Sheriff, 320, 321 — removes to Still water, 321 — captures three trespass ers, 322 — fight with rioters, 323 — capt'jres a desperado, ib. — Asst. Deputy Com. General, 324 — letters to General Schuyler, z^.- stationed at Lake George, ib. — at Whitehall, ib. — his letters to Gen. Schuyler, 324, 325 — at Stillwater, 325 — death and will, 326, 327. Henrietta Ann (26), ii. 307, 363, 408, 4og. , Henry (43), ii. 308, 310, 380. , Henry Ten Broeck (2g), ii. 307, 30g. Henry Ten Eyck (38g), ii. 243, 244, 283. Hester (Walter), ii. 196, 197, 216. 206. 392. 492. 470. , Hetty (200) (Colfax), ii. igS, Howard (79), ii. 310, 311, 383- , Jacob (i), ii, 479, 481, 487, , Jacob (7), ii. 481, 482. , Jacob (8), ii. 459, 461, 462, 469, , Jacob (21), ii. 462, 463, , Jacob Fort (22), ii, 307, 377. , Jacob (27), ii. 482, 484. , Jacob (44), ii. 4S2. 485. , Jacob (56), ii, 483, 486. , Jacob (84), ii. 484, 486. , Jacob (88), ii 484, 487. , Jacob T. (80), ii. 4S4, 486. , James (80), ii. 310, 385. , James H. (79), ii. 481, 482, 484, 4S6. , James H. (83), ii, 484, 486, , James Van Rensselaer (28), ii. 307, 3°9- , Jane (53), li. 308, 410. , Jeremiah (19), i. 154, 161 — ii. 88, 15b, 151, 156, 161. , Jeremiah (29), ii. 482, 484. , Jeremiah (41), ii. 151, 153, 163. — , Johan Jost (Hanyost), (7), ii. 463, 473-477. 497- , Rev. Johannes, ii. 487, 488- 494- , Johannes (3), li. 489, 493, 494. , John (4), ii. 481. , Johannes or John (10), i. 155, 163, 164, 170, 183, 1S6, 203, 244, 374, 395. 398. 469-474— ii- z8, 29, loi, 105, 127, 147, 157,, 223-242; 283, 286, 318, INDEX. 527 459, 470, 472 - — bears despatches, 469 et seq. — returns, 471, 472 — dele gate to Onondaga, 473, 474 — sings the war song in Onondaga, 28 — buys share of Saratoga Patent, 99 — knew /Indian character, 224 — volunteered / to invade Canada, ib. — his fight with the French, 225 — amused with the enemy's alarm guns, ib. — in vades Canada again, 226 — lieutenant of cavalry, ib. — sent to Canada — ib. — argues with Frontenac, 227 — Indians present, charges against him, 228 — to be employed by Bello mont, 229 — ^messenger to New York, 230 — receives letters from Bello mont, 231 — is urged to have Abenaki sachems visit Bellomont, ib. — writes to Bellomont, 231, 232 — Bellomont is satisfied with him, 232 — his messen gers to eastern Indians return, 233 — commissioner of Massachusetts, 234 — gives notice of -Indian raids, ib.- — in Canada, 236 — visited the Abena kis, it. — goes to Onondaga, 237 — participates in the war of 1709, 237 — official position, 237 — land trans actions, lb.- — improves his property at Saratoga, 238, 239 — brick house at Saratoga, 238 — his son Philip killed, 239 — survives his family, ib. — died, ib. — ^his estate large, 240 — "^s — ^his will, 239, 240 — notes on de scendants, 246. Schuyler, Johannes (n), i. 414, 415, 416. , John (18), ii. 481, 483. , John (39), ii. 462, 470, 471'. , John (go), ii. 464, 465. , John (165), ii. ig6, ig7, 206. -, John, Jr. {35g), i. 203— ii. 103, 105, 151, 246-247. , John (363), ii. 242, 256. , John Arden (52), ii. 483, 485. , John Bradstreet {378), i. 227 — ii. 106, 243, 282. , John Cortlandt (384), ii. 243, z7g, 280, 283. , John Cuyler (57), ii. 150, 152, IS9, 154. 163- , John Edwin (63), ii. 309, 380. , John H. (16), ii. 307, 327, 365- 372, 407, 416, 417, 418. , John J. (28), ii. 482, 484. , John W. (58), ii. 481, 483, 486. -, John {of Philadelphia), ii. 495, 496. , Joseph (92), ii. 464, 465. , Julia (57), ii. 309, 411. , Kale W. (71), ii. 412. Laurence Lawyer (102), 464. 465. Schuyler, Rev. Louis Sandford {344), ii. 203, 222. , Magdalena (28), ii. 150, 151. , Margaret (Van Slichtenhorst), i. gg, 158, 162, 166, 167-171, 182, 2g4 — ii. 150, 306. , Margaret (7), ii. 4g3, 4g4. ¦ , Margaret or Margarita (n) (Collins), i. 163, 164, 170, 184, 186, 2g4, 298, 301, 303- -ii. 379. , Margaret (12) (Livingston), i. 161, 288 — ii. 150, 160. , Margaret (Snell) (14), ii. 492, 493. 494- , Margaret (375) Van Rens selaer, i. 231 — ii. 242, 282. , Margarita (360), the '* Ameri can Lady," i. 155 — ii- 15°, 159. 248, 250, 256, 257, 472. , Maria, i. 150 n., 161. Maria (Van Rensselaer), i. 150. 224, 225, 296. -, Maria (5), ii. 459, 461. , Maria (17), ii. 416. -, Maria (ig) (Van Rensselaer), ii- 327, 376, 408, 417, 418. , Maria (124), ii. 465. , Martha (82) (Grant), ii. 310, Martin J. (i3g), ii. 486, 487. Mary {3g), ii. 308, 410 Matilda Scribner (6g), ii. 308, 412. 310, 442. , Rev. Montgomery (300), ii. 201, 203, 222. , Montgomery (351), ii. 203, 204, 222. , Moses, an Oneida Indian, ii. 477- Myndert (7), i. , 290^11. 67, 73, 459, 461, 462, 468, '469 — visits the Senecas, 73 — Mayor of Albany, 67, 468 — Member of Assembly, 468. , Myndert (26), ii. 462, 480. , Nicholas (3), ii. 42, 286 — 306, 312-316. 396, 413, 415, 419, 472. , Nicholas (3), D. C. Surveyor, 286 — a sketch, 312 — Member of Assembly, 312, 313 — fond of adven ture, 313 — compromises, 315 — en gineer, ib. — death and will, ib. — his Bitjle records, 413. , Nicholas (12), ii. 307', 326, 339, 362-363. 416, 417, 418. Nicholas Ten Broeck (64), ii. 3og, 311, 381, 382. Peter (5), i. gg, 154, 155, 159, 160, 161, i6g, 170, 183, 185, 224, 236, 244, 352. 266, 272, 288, 289, 290, 299, 302, 505— ii. I, 149, 150, 187, 254, 257. 312, 331, 339. 370. 383. 408, 419, 487 — birth, i. 302 — deacon in Dutch 5^ INDEX. church, 303 — '' Quidor," 304 — begins to take an active part in affairs, 323 — lieutenant of cavalry, ib. — judge of Oyer and Terminer, ib. — Mayor of Albany, ib. — chair man Board of Indian Commission ers, 324 — rescues prisoner from Mo hawks, 329 — letter to Dongan, 331, 334.33S.344.352.353>3S4. 355— letter describing destruction ot Schenec tady, 360 et seq. — commissioned to attend council, 371 — council at Onondaga, 372 — discouragement, 373 — issue of campaign, 374 etseq. — superseded, 376 — restored, 380 — member of council, ib. — expedition against Canada, 380 et seq. — combat at La Prairie, 383 et seq. — effect on Indians, 389 — speech to the council, 392 — strengthens defences, 395 — to Schenectady, 398- — pursues the French, 399 — action with French, 400— returns, 401 — report of expedi tion, 402 etseq., ^05^ 407 — letter to Fletcher, 408 — council at Albany, 415 — letter to Fletcher, 416 — rescues captive, 433, 439, 440 — ordered to the field, 442 — audience with De kanissora, 444 — Indian Commis sioner, 453, 455, 459, 461 — council in New York, 462 — at Montreal, 463, 465, 467, 473, 474, 478, 480, 482, 483— to Onondaga, 484, 491 — Bellomont's charge, 495, 504 — Bellomont's jealousy, 505 — relations with Bello mont, ii. I — understood Indians, ib. — to be removed from the council, 2 — is termed Colonel, 13 — at Onon daga, 18 — desired peace, 19 — letter to Vaudreuil, 20 — Indians use his house, 21 — financial transactions, 22 — contractor, ib. — the public a poor debtor, 23 — senior councillor, 26 — Indians attached to his command, 27 — sends Indian chiefs to Boston, 28 — at his post, 29 — disappointed, 31 — resolves to take Indian chiefs to England, 32 — sails for England, 33 — arrives in London, ib. — declines knighthood, 37 — returns home, ib. — visits Onondaga, 42 — cordially re ceived, 43 — destroys French fort, 44 — Meiiiber of^ongress, 46 — com mands regiment, 47— left off Indian board, 50 — restored to Indian board, 52 — misrepresented, 59, 60 — was not slighted, 61 — receives instructions, 63 — is president and acting gov ernor, 65 — painstaking, 66 — letters to government, 71 — invited to visit Five Nations, 72 — urges their claims, 73 — writes earnestly, 74 — held con ference with Indians, 76 — returns to New York, 78 — last letter to Lords of Trade, ib. — presided last time, ib. — hands over papers, ib. — disagrees with Burnet, 80 — suspended, ib. — loyal, 82 — is left on Indian board, 88 — dead, 90 — services and char acter, ib. — why loved by Indians, 9T, 92 — held in reverence, 93 — Cold endislikes him, 93, 94— left no will, 94 — his lands, 94-149— genea logical table, 150 — notes on, 156 — he warned Fletcher, 186. Schuyler, Peter (2), ii. 461. , Peter (16), ii. 461, 473, 4S0. , Peter, Jr. (18), ii. 85, 87, 150, 156, 161. , Peter (20), ii. 150, 151, 165, 242, 251. Peter (33), ii. 151, 152, 162- 163. , Peter (69), ii. 463, 464. , Peter {89), ii. 464. , Peter {166), of New Jersey, ii. 121, 196, 197, 207-215, 254, 341— ap pointed Colonel, 208 — paid his soldiers, ib. — taken prisoner, 209 — released on parole, ib. — rejoicings at his return home. ib. ¦ — assists prisoners, 210 — twice married, 215. , Peter P. (46), ii. 152, 153, 156, 163. , Peter Quidor (27), ii. 307, 308, 408, 409. -, Peter S. (35), ii. 151, 152, 163. , Peter Davidse (2), i. 179 — ii. 460, 461, 466. , Petrus (4), ii. 489, 493. , Philemon (39), ii. 482, 485. , Pieter (38), ii. 462, 463, 470, 471. 473. , Philip Pieterse (i), i. 99-166, 178, 181-185, 206, 237, 294, 296. 301, 302, 303— ii. 95, 156, 306, 348, 376, 456-460. 466, 469, 471 — first knowl edge of, i. 99, 102 — marriage, 99, 103 — variations in his name, 100, loi — family papers destroyed, 101 — en counter with Dyckman, i03'^—pros- perity in business, ib. — purchases at auction sales, 105, 106 — delegate to Mohawk council. 107 — friendship for the Indians, 108 — vice-director, ib. — letter from Andros, 109 — cap tain of foot, ib. — armorial window, III — officer of church, 112 — busi ness transactions, 112, 113, 114 — transactions in real estate, 116, 118 — owns houses in Albany, 119 — Esopus, 120 — founding of New Vil lage, 137 — petition to buy Half Moon, 152, 153 — homestead at the INDEX. 529 Flatts, 154^162— cemetery, 155 — will, I5g, 160, 162 — family record, 181-184 — record of marriage, 182 — record of death, 184 — genealogical table, 185. Schuyler, Philip (5), ii. 306, 414, 415, 472. , PhUip (6), ii. 48g, 4go, 4g2, 493. , Philip (9), i. 183, 186, 244, 27s — ii. 285-288, 306, 366, 414, 471 — bi ography, 285-288 — commandant of Fort Schenectady, 285 — marriages, 287 — died, ib. -, Philip (2), genealogical table, ii. 306. 472. Philip (10), ii. 481, 482. Philip (13), ii. 472. Philip (IS), ii. 461, 463, 471, PhiUp (17), ii. 150, 157-160, 220. 224, 241, 242, 254, 257, 321 — bequeaths a burying-place, 157 — sketch of, 158 — censured by Smith, iSg — will, 160. , Philip (18), ii. 307, 416, 417. , Philip (20), ii. 307, 308, 376, 417, 424. , Phihp (21), ii. 482, 483. , Philip (25), ii. 151, 162. , Philip (42), ii. 462, 471. , Philip (136), ii. 171, 172, 428, 433. 434. 471- , Philip (161), ii. ig6, 205, 206, 471- 472. , Philip (358), ii. 118, 242, 256, , Philip (395), ii. 106, 107, 243, 244, 274- -, Philip Church (30), ii. 307, 309, 367. 377- , PhiUp Church (74), ii. 309, 311. , Philip Jeremiah (379), ii. 107, 243, 274, 282. , Philip Pieterse {77), ii. 153, 156. , Philip Rensselaer (of PhUadel- phia), ii. 495, 496. Philip Van Cortlandt (390), ii. 243, 244, 283. , General Philip (368), i. 180, 182, 203, 227, 236, 290 — ii. 35, 105, 106, 114, 124, 126, 151, 160,251, 253- 277. 283, 318, 320, 324, 340, 364, 417, 422. 424, 476, 477, 492, 494 — -letter to Washington, 128 — a genealogist, 162 — his family group, 253 — goes to England and settles Bradstreet's ac counts, 255 — divided his father's es tate, 256 — buys a part of Saratoga patent, 257— position and educa tion, 258— commissioned captain, 259 — saves a wounded soldier, 259 — resigns his commission, 260 — Vol. II.— 34. again enters the army and is pro moted, 260 — appointed colonel, ib. — elected to the Assembly, 261 — opposed to government, ib. — mem ber of convention, 262 — member of Continental Congress, 263 — appointed major-general, ib. — charged with Northern Depart ment, 264 — left to his own re sources, 265 — what he had to do, ib. — to organize an army, 266 — had enemies, 267 — appointed delegate to Congress, 268 — demands a court of inquiry, ib. — nominated for gov ernor, ib. — asks for court of inquiry, 270 — superseded, ib. — charged with cowardice, 271 — honorably acquit ted, ib. — retired from the army, 272 , — senator, 273 — his monument, ib. — lands, 273,274 — will, 274 — em ployed secret agents, 275 — attempt to capture him, 275-277. Schuyler, Miss " Polly," ii. 218. , Ralph (Sg), ii. 484, 487. , Rensselaer (186), ii. ig7, 216. , Rensselaer (380), ii. 107, 243, 274, 282. , Reuben (37), ii. 151, 152, 372. , Richard (26), ii. 482, 484. , Richard (46), ii. 483, 485. , Richard (7g), ii. 153, 156. , Robert (400), i. 180, 181 — ii. ' 244, 245- , Samuel (11), ii. 481, 482. , Samuel ];i3), ii. 307, 326, 363, 364, 416, 418. , Samuel (20), ii. 481, 483. , Sarah (78), ii. 310, 412. , Shinah (Simons), ii. 307, 417. , Simeon (5), ii. 489, 490, 493. , Simeon (96), ii. 464, 465. Stephen (24), i. 161, 203 — ii. 151, 162. , Stephanus, or Stephen (370), ii. 242, 243, 256, 279, 280. Stephen P. (48), ii. 152, 153. , Stephen R. (58), ii. 152, 153. ¦, Stephen Van Vechten (60), ii. 152, 156. , Susan (54), ii. 308, 411. , Susan Mann (73), ii. 309, 412. , Swan (188), ii. 197. Sybilla (8), i. 183, 1S6. , Thomas (31), ii. 482, 484. , Thomas R. (40), ii. 482, 485. , Van Rensselaer (128), ii. 465, , Walter Scribner (84), ii. 310, 466. 393-395- , William (2), ii. 48g, 4g3, 4g4. , WiUiam (13), ii. 481, 483- , WiUiam (17), ii. 481, 483. 53° INDEX. Schuyler, William (4g), ii. 483, 485. , William (go), ii. 484, 487. , WiUiam T. (81), ii. 484, 486. , Wilson W. (121), ii. 465, 478. arms, i. in. diamonds, ii. 37. mansion, ii. 128. house fortified, ii. 158. Lake, ii. 470, 473. Schuylert, i. gg. Schuylerville, ii. 106, 126, 254. Schuylkill River, i. 8, 37, 38, 39, 40. Schuyr, Peter, i. 178. Scobry, ii. 400. Scotch, ii, 264, Scotland, i. 203, 283. Scott, John Morin, ii. 352. ¦ -, Gen, Winfield, ii. 269. Scoville, Catherine, ii. 155. Scralenberg, N. J., ii. 4go, 491. Scribner family, the, ii. 439-455. , Abigail (Rogers), ii. 440, 451. Abigail (26), ii. 441. Abner {3g), ii. 441, 447, 448, 450. (67) 455- 450. Arthur, ii. 455. General Benjamin Franklin ii, 442, 450. Betsy (Benedict), ii. 440. ¦ Betsey (Hawley), ii. 441, 442. Bradford (66), ii 442, 450. Charles (75), ii. 443, 453, 454, Charles Rogers, ii. 454. Edward (70), ii. 442, 453, 454. Elijah (23), ii. ^41. Elijah (34), ii. 441, 447. .Elijah Porter (42), ii. 441. Eliphalet (2g), ii. 441, 447, Elizabeth (27), ii. 441. Elizabeth (38), ii. 441, 447. Enoch (22), ii. 440, 441. Esther Hale (35), ii. 441,447. Frank, ii. 455. Frederick, ii. 455. George, ii. 455. Harvey Augustus, ii. 450. Henry (76), ii. 443, 454, 455. James, (28), ii. 441, 442, 447. Jane (77), ii. 443. Jemima (30), ii. 441. Joel (31), ii, 441, 442, 447, 448, John Hitchcock, ii. 454. Julia (78), ii. 443. Julia Ann (62), ii. 442. Keziah (25), ii. 441, 452. Phebe (63), ii. 442. Phebe (Kellogg), ii. 440, 445- 447- , Phebe (Waring), ii. 441, 448, 449, 450. Scribner, Lucind.i (65), ii. 442. -—, Maria (72), ii. 442. — , Martha (21), ii. 440. , Martha (33), ii. 441, 442. 452. — , Martha (Smith), ii. 440. , Mary Lucinda (60), ii. 442. ,, Matilda (Schuyler) (69), ii. 308, 377, 442. , Matthew (S), ii. 439, 440. Matthew (20), ii. 440, 441, 450, 451. 454- , Nathaniel (ig), ii. 440, 443-5, 450, 451, 542, 455- , Nathaniel (36), ii. 441, 447, 448. . Rogers, ii. 454. , Samuel (46), ii. 441, 443. , Uriah Rogers (41), ii. 441, 442, 451-453. --, Walter (80), ii. 443, 454, 455. , Rev. William (74), ii. 443, 453, 454, 455- -, WiUiam Augustus (58), ii. 442. , High School, New Albany, Ind., ii. 448. Scribner' s Monthly, ii. 453. Scrivener, ii. 439. , Abraham (5), ii. 440. , Benjamin (i), ii. 439. 440. Hannah (Crampton), ii. 439, 440. , John (3), ii. 440. -, Mary (6), ii. 440. -, Matthew, ii. 439. Thomas (2), ii. 440. Scudder, Elizabeth, ii. 402. Searles, David, ii. 201. Secretary of State, i. 298 — documents, 'i- 459- Select Men of New Amsterdam, ii. 2g8. Seneca Indians, the, i. 288, 306, 307, 3og, 317. 318, 3ig, 321, 325, 326, 409, 411, 481 — ii. 466, 468 — Denonville's , expedition, 326 et seq. , 329, 330, 331- Seneca country, ii. 184. , Lake, i. 307. Serbia, ii. 392, 393. Serviss, Mary, ii. 481, 482, 483, 484. Settlers at Saratoga, ruined, ii. in. Sewall, Jonathan, ii. 319. Seymour, Governor, Horatio, i. 170 — - ii. 380. Shackelton, George Eugene, ii. 410. , Robert, ii. 410. Sharp, Lieut. , i. 348, 349. , Mr. , ii. 346, 347. Shauts, Jane, ii. 397. Shaw, Eliza, ii. 171. , .Susan, ii. 482, 484. Shawanoes Indians, the, i. 395 — ii. 183 — desired to bring their nation, 185 INDEX. 531 — arrive, 189 — invited to Minisink country, 185. Sheldon, Edwin P., ii. 309. Sheppard, Ellen, ii. 482, 484. Shields, Susan, ii. 197, 216. Shipman, WiUiam C. , ii. 442. Shoemaker, Mr., ii. 474, 475. Shraat, John, ii. 428. Shrewsbury, Duke of, 253. Shuler, Ann, ii. 484, 487. , Shutte, John, i. 303. Sickles, Margaret, ii. 153. Sickler, Peter, ii. 398. Sigismund, King, i. 43, n. Silver Legs, i. 173. Simons, Shinah, ii. 307, 362, 417. Simms, J. R. , ii. 492. Simmons, Elizabeth, ii, 463. , Nancy G. , ii. 39g, 400. Simms, Captain, i. 401. Sioux, the, ii. 3g4. Six Nations, the, ii. 264, 266. Skenesborough, ii. 324. Skinner, Rev. William, i. 203. Slaves, of Schuyler family, ii. 4g7. Slim Buttes, ii. 3g7. Sloughter, Colonel Henry, Governor of New York, i6gi, i. ig5, ig6, 249, 344, 508 — ii. 165, 167, 292 — arrival, 377. 378 — prosecution of Leisler and Milborne, 379 et seq. — goes to Al bany, 381 — council with Indians, 381 et seq. — expedition to Canada, 383— death, 388, 389. Sluyter, i. 56, n. Small-pox, i. 373. Smith, Catherine, ii. 309. , Chaplain, suspended, i. 495. , Ensign Dirck, i. 47, 128, 129. 130, 132, 133, 134, 135. , Gerritt, i. 291. ; Hannah, ii. 441. — , Henry, ii. 131, 133. , Captain John, ii. 439. , Martha (Scribner), ii. 440. , Petei;, i. 2gi. , Colpnel WiUiam, ii. i, 2, 352. , Wiliiam, the historian, i. 2go, 304— ii. 47, 93, 94, 352- , William, Jr., ii. 352. Smith's Valley, i. 293. Smoky HiU River, ii. 386. Snell, Margaret (Schuyler), ii. 492, 493. 494- Societe Asiatique, ii. 393. Society for Promoting Arts, ii. 258. Solid Men of Boston, ii. 318. Solomon's Temple, ii. 373. Somers, Rev. Peter Nicholas, ii. 49Q, Sonnock's Land, ii. 467. Sorel, the river, i. 312, 384. Sound,, the, i. 257, South East, town, ii. 443. Southerland, Sarah, ii. 464, 465. South River, i. 41, 47, 59, 60, 61. Southwell, Edwii\E., ii. 308. Ella R. , ii. 410. South William Street, ii. 289. Spain, i. 48, 237, 250 — truce with 238. Sparks, Tared, ii. 271. Speak, James, ii. 450. Spectator, The, ii. 38, 39. Speer, Eleanor, ii. 307. Spragg, John, ii. 341. Sprague, Laura, ii. 398. Spraker, Ann Maria, ii. 464, 465. Springfield, i. 236, 281, 304. Staats, the family, ii. 396. , Dr. Abraham, ii. 129 130. 150, 246, 318, 396. , Abraham P., ii. 397, 398. , Anna (174), ii. 3g8. , Anna Abeel (166), ii. 398. ¦ , Anna Maria (161), ii. 398. , Ann Elizabeth (Schuyler), ii. 171, 428, 433, 434, 471. , Barent, ii. 30, 132, 151, 237, 396. 397. 472- , Barent, Jr., ii. 160. , Barent P. (155), ii. 377, 398. , Catalina, i. 202 — ii. 432, 433, 438. , Catherine (Bleecker), ii. 379. , Catherine (Van Wie), ii. 398. , Catrina (Schuyler), ii. 462, 463, 472. Elizabeth (Bleecker), ii. 379. , Elizabeth (Dodge), ii. 398. , Elizabeth (Miller), ii. 398. , Elizabeth (Wendell , Schuyler) , i. 186 — ii. 242, 246, 318. -, Elizabeth (Schuyler) (4), ii. 306, 414, 416. , Elsie (133), ii. 396. , Geertruy, ii. 462, 463. -, Gerrit (135), ii. 396, 397. , Gertrude (Coeymans), ii. 433, , Helen (I72),'ii. 398. , Hefty (183), ii. 398. , Hetty Platt, ii. 397. 398, 399. , Jochem, 352, 355, 356, 357. 368— ii. 306, 396, 416, 423^ordered to build a fort, ii. no. — , Jochem (169), ii. 398. , Jochem P. (154). ii- 397, 398- , Johanna, ii. 427. • — ,' Johanna (White), ii. 433, 434. ,— , Johannes (137), ii. 397. . ^, John (167), ii. 3g8. , John T; (162), ii. 3g8. , Mary, ii. 152. , Neltie (104), ii. 397. ,=.^— , Nicholas (131), ii. 396, 397. 532 INDEX. Staats, Peter P. (157), ii. 397, 398. , Philip (136), ii. 397. , PhiUp (170), ii- 398- , Philip P. (158), ii. 397, 398. , Dr. Samuel, i. 202, 352 — ii. 160, 172, 173, 226, 342, 427, 429, 433, 434. , Sarah (Gouverneur), ii. 427, 433- , Tryntje, ii. 428, 433, 437, 438. Stair, Earl of, ii. 215. Stamps, ii. 214. Standish, Captain Miles, i. 76, 88, 8g. Stanhope, Secretary, ii. 62. Starr, Henry, ii. 406. State Agricultural Society, i. 230. government, organized, ii. 268. Street, Albany, i: ng, 120. Staten Island, i, n, 12, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 25, 31, 13s, 225, 426— ii. 216. States-General, 60, 71, ¦]¦], 89, 212, 213, 214 — ii, 290, 302. Stearling, Sarah, ii, 484, 486. Stein Hoeck, ii. 458. Steele and The Tatter, ii. 38, 39. ¦ , General, ii. 381. Steenwyck, Cornelis. ii. 291, 292. Stephenson, Mary, ii. 306. Stephentown, 1. 231, 232. Stevenson, Ann E., ii. 309. Stuart, Mary E. , ii. 411. Stillwater, i. 290, 291 — ii. 97, g8, 104, 109, 126, 127, 269, 364, 371, 477. Stockbridge, Indians, i. 282. Stockholm, i. 42. Stoddard, Edward, ii. 309. , John, ii, 234, 235. Stokes, Samuel, ii. 398. , William, ii. 465. StoU, i. 128. Stone, W. .L, , i. 208 — ii. 173, 403. -, Ransom, ii.,244. Arabia, ii. 490, 494. Storm, Mary, ii. 37g. Stoutenburg, manor of, i. 207. Stow-Stow (M. Maricour), i. 472, 479. Stringer, Dr. , ii. 326, 362. Strong, Cornelia, ii. 450. , Maria Louisa, ii. 450. , Phebe "(Scribner), ii. 441, 448-450. , Thomas, ii. 441, 450. Stuyvesant, Nicholas WiUiam, i. 179. , Peter, Director-General of New Netherland, 1647-1664, i. 22, 29. 30. 44. 48, 49. 5°. 52, 53. 54. 108, no, 116, 117, I21, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 141, 150, 151, 171, 172 #, 175. 177. 178, 190, 198, 212, 213. 214, 2x6, 218, 292, 293. 338, 507 — ii. 290, 295,' 296, 297, 298, 299, 301, 302, 303, I 305, 342, 345 — appointed, i. 20 — diffi culties with Melyn, 20. 21— with Van der Capellen, 25, 26— charac ter, 26— visits the South River, 41 —councils with the Swedish gov ernor and the Indians, 42 — his re port to his superiors, 43 — ordered to bring the Swedes under subjec tion, 45— menaces the Swedish forts, 46— drives the Swedes from the Delaware, 47 — sends an em bassy to Governor Fendall, 55, 58, 59, 60, 61, 77, 84, 86, go — attempts to open negotiations with the New England colonies, 71 — difficulties with New Haven, 72 — attends the convention at Hartford, 73 et seq. — charged with treachery toward the English, 75 — anxieties attending his position, 78 — last conference with commissioners, '82 — interview with Governor Winthrop, 83 — sur renders New Amsterdam to the English, 85. Suacocus Island, ii. 213. Sullivan, General, i. 204. Superior Lake, i. 313. Superstition Mountains, ii. 3g4. Supreme Court, ii. 352, 357. Surinam, ii. 470. Susquehanna River, i. 306, 3I0, 314 — ii- 50. 134, 190. Sussex, County of, ii 215. Sutton, John, ii, igg. Swackhamer, Eve, ii/ 481. Swain, Jane, ii. 495. Swart Hook, ii. 130. , Swarlwout, Roeloff, i. 136. Sweden, i. 33, 34, 37„48. Swedes, the, i. 25, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 45-49. 53. 63. 64. 292- ii. 289, 299. SwedishWest India Company, i. 34, 36. Swift and Stella, ii. 39. Swinton, Isaac, ii. 331. Switz, Cornelis, ii. 171, 286. , Mrs. ii. 177. Sycamore Creek, ii. 393. Symms, Captain Lancaster, i. 495 — ii. 422. Symonsen, Johannes (Veeder), ii. 414, 419. Synod of Dutch Church, first, H. 490, 491. Tackhanick, i. 274. Talmadge, Lieutenant, i. 352. Tappan, ii. 405. Tareha, the Indian, i. 434 — visits Mon treal, i. 4o8^returns to Oneida, 409, 412, 414 — bears belt to Frontenac, i. 415- INDEX. 533 Taspelalet, ii. loo. Tatter, The, ii. 38, 3g. Taylor, B. C., Annals of the Classis of Bergen, ii. 491. , Rev. Dr. Nathaniel, ii. 451. , Sarah Anne, ii. 402. , Temple, ii. 152. of Pennington, i. 205. Tecumseh, ii. 190. Teller. Andries, i. igo. , Caspar, ii. igo. , Helena, ii. 340, 348. , Isaac, ii. 352. , Janneke, i. 185- 340. •ii. 180, igi, , Yenke, ii. 340. , William, ii. 180, 33g. Ten Acres, ii. 119. Ten Broeck, General Abraham, i. 226, 227, 290 — ii. 132, 280, 282, 330, 334. , Ann Catherine, ii. 409. , Catherine, ii. 407. , Christina (.Schuyler), ii. 306, 327, 415, 417, 418 , Christina Jane, ii. 409. , David V. R. (369), ii. 409. , Dirck "Wessels, i. 166, 275, 276, 350, 363. 365. 373. 383. 398. 410 ff. , 438, 453. 465. 467. 469-71, 473— n- 8, 28, g6, 103, 105, no, 126, 129-132, 135-138. 140. 226, 250, 327-335, 346, 350, 416, 458, 467, 472 — alderman, Recorder, Mayor, etc., 331^— slan dered by Leisler, 332 — family, death, and will, 333. , Eliza, ii. 243, 282. , Gertrude, ii. "461, 462. , Harmanus Schuyler, ii. 408. — , Helen, ii. 409. , Hendrick Wesselsen, ii. 328, 329. -. , John Jeremiah, ii. 409. , Johannes, ii. 415. , John, ii. 334. , Maria, ii. 415, 416. , Maria Hoffman (Schuyler), ii. 307, 408, 417, 418. , Nancy, il. 402. , Nicholas, ii. 307. , Nicholas, his children, ii. 408. , Samuel, ii. 327, 334, 340, 415. , Tobias, ii. 334. , Wessel, ii. 147, 328, 334. , Wessel Wesselsen, ii. 328. family, ii. 327, 334, 335. Ten Eyck, Abraham, Jr., ii. 153. , Barent, ii. 280. , Conrad, ii. 166. , Counraad, ii. 280. , Jacob H., ii. 261, 401. , Lena, ii. 202, 280. -; , Nancy, ii. 400. Teunisse, Captain (Van Vechten), i. 247. Texel, i. 13, 16. Teyssen, Juryan, i. 113. Thomas, Anne, ii. 481,483. Thomose, Jan, i. 137. Thompson, , ii. 201. Archibald, ii. 407. Throgmorton, John, i. gi. Thum, , ii. 402. Ticonderoga, i. 155, 316, 384, 3gS— ii. 114, 123, 124, 326. Tinicum, ii. 38. Tippecanoe, ii. 450. Titmouse Kill, ii. g8. Toleration in New Netherland, i. 2g, Tolstoy, Count Leo, ii. 393. Tomhanack, ii. 175, 176, 274. Tompkins, Justice, ii. 354. Tomlinack, ii. 238. Tonti, Mons. , ii. 184, 185, Tories, i. 287 — ii. 474, 475, 476, 488 — as plunderers, 177 — numerous in New York, i. 264. Totems, ii. 35, 36. Tracy, De M., Lieutenant -General, invades Mohawk country, i. 316 — re turn, 317. Trade, French, annihilated, i. 329. Trades and professions, how known, ii. 317. Transportation line, ii. 258. Treat, Governor, of Connecticut, i. 248, 339- Trenton, N. J., ii. 422. Falls, i. 38. Trieux, De Susanna, ii. 317. Trinidad, ii. 251. Trinity Church, i. 235 — ii. 8, 328, 337, 352 — rented king's farm, ii. 349— the rector appeals for help, 351 — burned, 353 — an amusing attempt, 359, 360. -, Fort, i. 44, 46. Troy, i. 32, 210, 230 — ii. 362. ,, West, i. 159. Truax, Elizabeth, ii. 151. Truce, the twelve years', i. lo: Tryntje=Catalina=Catherine, ii. 433. Tryon, William, i, 509. Tunnernan, Jemima, ii. 483, 485. Turgenef, ii. 3g2. Turkish Ambassador, ii. 318. Turkistan, ii. 3g2, 3g3. Turrel, Jared T. , ii. 201. Tuscaroras, the, Indians, i. 309 — ii. 50, S3. 54, 56, 6i- TutaU, John, i. 251. Two tracts on east side of Hudson River, ii. 130. Tymens, Elsje, i. 338— ii. 340, 341, 343. 534 INDEX. Utes, the, ii. 395. Ulster County, N. Y., i. 347, 367, 426. Uncasmen, i. 155. Underbill, Captain, ii. 2g5. United Belgic Provinces, i. ng. United Colonies, ii. 252 — Commis sioners of, i. 82. , of New England, i. 73, 75, 82. United Provinces of the Netherlands, '• 3, 24, 71- United States, ii. 276— the germ of the, 8g., — , Army, ii. 280. Union College, ii. 261. L'niversity of the State of New York, i. 230. Utica, ii. 252. Utie, Colonel, i. 53, 54, 55. Usselincx, William, i. 33. Upper Canada, province of, i. 230. Utrecht, Marie of, i. 207. , treaty of peace of, ii. 50, 57, 112 -Uytenbogart, AbigaU, i. 2g3. Valatie, ii. 335. Valentine, Ellen, ii. 202. Manuals, ii. 288. Valkenburg, i. 100. Van, in family names, i. 100. Van Alen, Cornelis, ii. 171. , Peter, i. ng — ii. I2g, 330. Van Alstyne, Annatje, ii. 397. , Cornelia, ii. 400. , Gosen M., ii. 493. , Hunter, ii. 493. Van Antwerpen, Maritje, ii. 371: , Rebecca, ii. 371. Vanatta, Caroline, ii. 308. Van Aeeken, Jan, i. no. Van Beuren, ii. 22^- Van Borsum, Cornelis, ii. 339. , Tymen, ii. 435. Van Brugh, Catherine, i. 286 — ii. 327, 339, 424- , Johannes Pieterse, ii. 339, 3gg. , Peter, i. 300, 4gg — ii.'^33g, 340. Van Buren, the family, i. 100 — ii. 327, 336- , Agnes, ii. 283. , Christina, ii. 327, 335. ¦ — , Cornelis Maesen, ii. 22^- , Elsie, ii. 3g9. , Mardn, ii. 335, Van Byler, Hildegonda, i, 208. Van Cortlandt, the family, i. 187-205 — ii. 264, 265, 343 — lineage, 187-188. — , Anna, i. 201. , Catherine, i. 203. , Cornelia (Schuyler), i. 167, 185, 203 — ii. 164, 242, 248, 434 — her character, 248. Van Cortlandt, Elizabeth, i. 201, 203. Gertrude (Schuyler), i. 164, 201, 203, 294. , Gysbert, i. 201. , Jacobus, mayor, ii. 67. , Johanna, ii. 431, 438. , Johannes, i. 201, 202, 204, 295. , Margreitje, i. 201. , Maria, i. 212, 225. -, Olof Stevense, 1. 201, 202, 204, 221 — ii. 164, 292, 339, 340, 344 — came to New Amsterdam, 187 — married, 188 — career, 189-190. , Philip, i. 202, 204, 205. -, , Pierre, i. 201, 202, 204, 20^, \ ^'^' , Stephanus, i. 167, 185, ""187, 190-200, 201, 202, 205, 221, 225, 294, 341 jf., 405- ii. 94, 172, 238, 248, 427, 432, 434, 438 — life, igo-200 — will, 200. Van Couwenhoven, Jacob, i. 146, 147 — ii. 289, 305. Van Curler, Arent, i. 32, 135, 146, 157, 171, 211, 212, 214. Van Dam, Rip, i. 508 — ii. g, 112, 433. Van Delen, the Jonkheer Nicolaus, i. 207. Van den Bergh, Gerritje, ii. 371. , Johannes, ii. 85. , Rachel, ii. 151. Vandenburgh, Adam, ii. 352. Van den Uythof, ii. 457. Van der Bergh, Wynant, ii. 372. Van der Burgh, John, ii. 3g8. Van der Blaas, Andries Herbertsen Constapel, i. in, 138. Van der Bogert, Myndert Harmense, ii- 131. Van der CapeUen, Baron, i. 31, 81 — colonizes Staten Island, 21 — full name, 24 — confiscation of his ship, ib. — settlement of claims, 25. Van der Donck, Adriaen, i. 27 — ii. 2go, 2g6, 2g7 — sherifl" of Rensselaer wyck, 21 — attempt at colony, 22 — purchases Yonkers, ib. — presents complaints, ib. — a prisoner, 23 — writes " Description of New Nether lands," ib. — returns, ib. — dies, ib. Van der Grist, Paulus Leendertsen, ii. 299, 301, 302. Van der Hayden, Dirk, ii. loi. Van der Heyden, David, ii. 85. Van der Kemp, ii. 471. Van der Linde, Rev. Benjamin, ii. 197. Van der Poel, Aaron, ii. 160. , Anna, ii. 160. , Johannes, ii. 160. Van der Sluys, Andries, i. 123, INDEX. 535 Van der Veen, Dirk Cornelisen, i. 338. , Peter Cornelise, i. 293, 338 — ii. 341. Van Deusen, Margarita, ii. 37g. , Maria, ii. 463, 464. Van Deventer, Nelson, ii. 450. Van Dincklage, vice-director, fi. 297. Van Driessen, George, ii. 471. , Hendrick, ii. 419. , Rev. Peter, i. 279 — ii. 413, 414, 415, 419. Van Dusen, Abraham, ii. 406. Van Dyck, Cornelis, i. 166 — ii. 95, 96, 99, 105, 305. , Hendrick, ii. 288, 293-305, 419, 424 — Ensign Commandant, 293 — marches against Indians, ib. — wounded, 294 — on another expedi tion, 295 — returned to Holland, ib. — appointed fiscal, ib. — treated rudely, ib. — excluded from council, 296 — his defence, 297 — author of Indian war, 298, 29g, 300 — shot a squaw, 300 — ^wounded, 301 — attor ney-general, 303. -, Dr. Hendrick, ii. 416, 417, 424, 461. Dr. Jacobus, ii. 414, 4ig. Lydia, ii. 288, 2g3. , Margreta, ii. 416, 417. Van Dyckhuyse, John Teunisse, ii. 205. Van Duyckhuysen, Swantie, i. 185. Van Eps, interpreter, ii. 42. , Elisabeth, ii. 141. Van Evera, Ida, ii. 484, 486. Van Giessen, Rynear, ii. 360, 361. Van Hovenburgh, Jennie, ii. 410. Van Home, Abraham, a New York merchant, ii. 84, 308, 410. , Eleanor Augusta, ii. 410. , Gerrit, ii. 105. — , Mr., i. 300. , Mrs. , ii. 103. , Nicholas Harmanus, ii. 410. , Rachel C, ii. 410. Sarah M. , ii. 410. Van Imborgh, Mrs. , i. 144, 145, 146, Van Ingen, James, ii. 152. Vannatta, Atel, ii. 201. Van Ness, Peter, ii. 372. Van Ohnda, Hilliche, Indian inter preter, ii. 136. Van Olingen, Edward, ii. 171. Van Orden, Jacob, ii. 152. Van Rensselaer, the famUy, i. 100, 206-242, 244, 24s — ii. 264, 265, 327, 335 — from Gelderland, i. 206 — estate at Crailo, ib. — memorials of, in Hol land, 207 — last male member of, in Holland, ib. — estates bequeathed to, 208— petition to Duke of York, 218 — concedes its independent title, 219 — younger branch, 232, 282 — in the Revolution, 237. Van Rensselaer, Abraham L. (275), ii. 402, 403. , Anna, i. 222, 223, 226 — ii. 196. 1 Angelica, ii. 243, 283. , Ann Eliza (292), ii. 403. , Ariantia, ii. 416. , Arietta (210), ii. 400, 401. , Arietta (219), ii. 400. ¦ — , Arietta (277), ii. 402. . — , Arietta Letitia (294), ii. 403. , Bernard (225), ii. 400. Catherine (Schuyler), i. 236, 2go — 11. 242, 340, 417, , Catherine, ii. ig8. , Catherine (191), ii. 39g. Catherine (ig8), ii. 400. , Catherine Visscher (259), ii. 401. , Christina (339), ii. 407. , Cornelia (265), ii. 402. , Cornelius (220), ii. 400, 402. , David, ii. 307, 408, 417. , David (203), ii. 400, 402. , EUzabeth, i. 227 — ii. 243, 282. , Elizabeth (208), ii. 400. , Elizabeth (254), ii. 400, 401, 403- -, Elizabeth Rutgers (379), ii. 409. Elsie (195), ii. 400. , Elsie L. (276), ii. 402. , Gertrude, i. 226 — ii. 196. , Gratz (374), ii. 4og. , Harmanus, i. 207. , Harriet Maria (258), ii. 401. , Harriet Maria (343), ii. 407. ; Hendrick, i. 224, 225, 232, 233, 280, 281 — ii. g6, 100, 147, 150, 22g, 327, 328, 33g, 424 — public offices, 233, 234 — controversy with Living ston, 235, 237. Hendrick (iSg), ii. 399, 400, 403. 404- , Henry, i. 232. — - — , Henry (256), ii. 400. ¦ — , Henry (267), ii. 402, 403. , Henry j., ii. 279. , Henry P. , ii. 372. , Capt. Herman, i. 207. , Major James, ii. 279, 307, 363, 408, 417. , James C. (373), ii. 409 , Jeremiah, fifth patroon, i. 226. , Jeremiah, director, i. 106, 120, 146, 155, 158, 190, 206, 217, 219, 220, 221, 222, 232, 302 — ii. 157, 408, 409. , Jeremias, 1. 207. , Jan, i. 207. 536 INDEX. Van Rensselaer, Jan Baptist, i. 175, 176, 213, 215, 226. , Joanna Jacoba Sara, i. 208. , Johan, i. 207. , Johannes, second patroon, i. 211, 212, 213, 215, 2ig, 221, 222. , Johannes (son of Jeremiah), i, 224, 232. , Johannes or John (son of Hen drick), i. 235, 290— ii. 105, 253, 339, 340, 408, 424. , John (of Cambridge), ii- 372. , John (201), ii. 400, 401. , John S, (221), ii. 400, 402. , Kate (Catherine van Cort land), ii. 409. Killian, first patroon, director of the Dutch West India Company, i. 12, 14, 15, 21, 22, 102, 111-116, 121, 138, 155, 157, 158, 159, 171, 172, 183, 202, 206, 203, 212, 214, 311 ii- 246, 337, 408, 409. , KUlian (son of Johannes), third patroon, i. 219, 221, 222. , Killian (son of Jeremiah), fourth patroon, i.* 219. 221, 223, 224, 225, 226, 232, 233, 296, 365 — ii. 147, 158, 196, 286. , Killian (son of Hendrick), i. 236— ii. 306, 339, 396, 39g, 416. , Killian (son of Jan Baptist), i. 223. , Killian (ig4), ii. 400, 404. , Killian (204), ii. 400, 402. , Killian (217), ii. 400. , Leonora, i. 223. , Magdalena (218), ii. 400. , Margaret (2go), ii. 403, , Juffrow Maria, wife of Jere miah, i, 120. , Maria, iX^ife of Peter Schuyler (2), i. 185, 296, 302 — ii. 150, 157. , Maria CTen Broeck), ii. 340. , Maria (193), ii, 400. , Maria (274), ii. 402. , Maria M. (214), ii. 400. , Mary ElizaiDcth (372), ii. 409. , Matilda (256), ii. 400, 401. , Maunsell (28g), ii. 402. , Nelle Marya, i. 223. , Rev. Nicholas (Nicolaus), i. 183, 185, 206, 221, 237-243, 245. , Nicholas (ig2), ii, 3g9, 400, 404. Nicholas (202), ii. 400, 402. Nicholas (337), ii. 407. PhiUp, i. 227. Philip (igo), ii. 399, 400, 404. , Philip (200), ii. 400. , Peter S. (211), ii, 400. i Phihp(335),n. 407. Van Rensselaer, Philip P. (213), ii. 400, 401, 402. , Philip Schuyler (363), ii. 307, 408, 409. , Rensselaer (255), ii. 401, 403. , Richard, i. 157, 158, 175, 221, 223, 224. —_ — , Richard (224), ii. 400, 403. , General Robert, i. 236- Robert S. (209), ii. 39g, 400, 407. Sanders (216), ii. 400, 402. , Sanders (273), ii. 402. , Sara Maria (278), ii. 402. , Sarah (281), ii. 402. , Schuyler (215), ii. 400, 402. , Schuyler (338), ii. 308, 407. , General Solomon (igg), i. 236 ¦ — ii. 400, 404. , Stephen, sixth patroon, i. 226. , Stephen, seventh patroon, i, 226, 227 — ii. 278. , Stephen, eighth and last pa troon, i. 227, 228, 22g — ii. 242, 274, 282, 334, 405 — State Senator, 229 — Lieutenant-Governor, 229 — in com mand of army on northern frontier, 229 — canal commissioner, 230 — elected to Congress,230 — marriages, death and will, 231. -, Stephen, son of last patroon, 1. 232. , Stephen (207), ii. 400, 402. , S. V. C, ii. 202.~ , Walter (340), ii. 399, 407. ¦ — , Walter A. (404), ii. 410. , William, i. 232. arms, i. 206. chart, i. 233. crest, i. 206. manor, i. 103, 177, 284 — ii. 129, 132, 286. Van Rensselaer's mills, ii. 434. Van Ruyven, Secretary, i. 54, 144. Van Schaick, Anna, i. 201. Anthony, i. 154, 348, 349 — ii. 371- Captain, ii. 375, Clarissa, ii. 484, 486. Engeltie, i. 185, 302 — ii. 157. 158- , Gerrit, i. 179 — ii. 67, 466. , Goosen Gerritse, i. no, 114, lis, 116, 137, 138, 152, 153— ii. 95, 157. 376. -, Henry, ii, 32!, 422. -. -, Jaques Cornelisen, i. , John, ii. 379. Van Slichtenhorst, Alida, i. 461, 466. , Arent, i. 171, 207. 353- 179— u. INDEX. 537 Van Slichtenhorst, Baata, i. 179. , Brant Arentse, i. 103, 167, 212, 214, 215, 216 — history, 171 et seq. — appointed director of Rensselaer wyck, 171 — arrival, 172 — quarrel with Stuyvesant, 172 et seq.-^ox- rested, 174 — escape, 175 — re-arrest, ib. — return to Beverwick, 176 — re turns to Holland, 177 — buys land, ih. — acknowledged to be right, 178 — death, ib., 179. , Elizabeth, i. 179. , Gerrit, i. 178, 179 — ii. 466. , Heligonda, i. 179. , Margaret (Schuyler), i. gg, 158, 162, 166, 167-171, 182, 2g4— ii. 150, 306^ — loyalty, 167 — aids in rais ing volunteers, 168 — influence, 169 — able administration of her estate, ib. — division of property, 170. , Rachel, i. 179. Van Schoenderwoert, Margarita, ii. 378. 378. Rutger Jacobsen, i. 106 — ii. -, Teunis, i. 106. Van Slych, i. 299. Van Slyck, Albert, ii. 490. Van Sweringen, i. 57, 58, 59. Van Tienhoven, Comelis, ii. 296-300, 302, 303. Van Twiller, Wouter, Director-Gen. of New Netherland, 1633-1638, i. 16, 17, 26, 28, 35, 65, 67, 507— ii. 344. , Petronella, i. 223. , Ryckert, i. 207. Van Valkenberg, Frederick, ii. 154. Van Vechten, Abraham, ii. 274. , Douw, i. 372. , Engeltie, ii. 151. , Capt. Teunisse, i. 247. , Walter, ii. 406. Van Vranken, the family, ii. 371. , Gerrit Ryckse, ii. 370. , Maas Ryckse, ii. 370. Van "Wagenen, Helen, ii. 197. Van Wely, Anna, i. 183, 208, 209. , Hans, i. 209. , Jan, jr., 208, 209. Van "Wenveen, Dirck Cornelisse, ii. 340. Van Werckhoven, Cornelis, i. 23 — death, 24. Van Wie, Andries, ii. 493, 494. , Peter, n. 318. Van "Woert, the family, i. 106. , Jacob J., ii. 371. , Rebecca, ii. 372. , Sara, ii. 372. Van "Woggelum, i. 119. Van Wyck, Margareta, ii. 171- Varick, Capt., ii, 326. Vaudreuil, Marquis de, Governor 236. of Canada, i. 448 — ii. 19, 30, 235, Vaughton, Michael, i. 340 — ii. 341. Vedder, Johannes, ii. 371. Veeder, Annatje, ii. 489, 493. ¦, Gertrude, ii. 483, 485. Johannes Symonsen, ii. 414, 419- Verde Reservation, ii. 394. Verhulst, William, Director-General of New Netherland, 1625-26, i. 26, 507. Vermont, conflicting claims, ii. 322. Verplanck, the family, i. 292-295 — ii. 459. 479- , Abraham Isaacs, i. 292. , Gelina, i. 293. , Gilleyen, ii. 85. , Gulian, i. 293. , Isaac, i. 293. Philip, i. 201, 203, 294, 295 — ii. 248. 296. Margaret (Schuyler), i. 2g4, Samuel, i. 2g3. Ver Planck, Catalyna (Schuyler), ii. 17s, 379. 456. 461. , Jacobus, i. 186, 294, 296 — ii. 85- Verplanck's Point, i. 200, 201. Vesey, Rev. Mr. , ii. 149. Vetch, Margaret, ii. 103, 105. ,, Samuel, i. 289 — ii. 19, 26, 27, 28, 31, 32, 46. Vianen, i. 223. Viele, Arnout Cornelise, i. 370, 437 — ii. 108, 187, 189. , Jacomyna (Joan), ii. 371. , Sara, ii. 371. Vigne, Maria, i. 293. Villeroy, ii. 108, 109. Virger, Johannes, ii. 85. Virginia, i. 56, 59, 88, 320, 369, 393, 405, 406, 412, 424, 483 — ii. 86, 87, 122, 374, 437, 439 — contribution to war, 431 — quota, 432. Visscher, Harman, ii. 283. , Nanning, ii. 283. ¦, Sarah, ii. 243, 283. Voorhis, ii. 200. Christina, ii. 401. Voris, Elizabeth, ii. 171. Vreedenburg, John, ii. 153. Vreedland, i. 28. Vrelenhuyse (Frelinghuysen), Domi nie, ii. 415. Vroom, Henry, ii. 431, 432. Vrooman, Adam, i. 351. , Anna, ii. 372. , Bartol, ii. no, 126. , Jannetje, ii. 493. 538 INDEX. Wagenen, Helen, ii. ig6. Waldenses, i. 31, 4g. Waldron, Resolved, i. 55. Walker, Admiral, ii. 47, , Rodolph, ii. 450. , WiUiam M. , ii. 44g. Walloons, i. 27, 28. Walter, Hester, ii. 196, 207, 212, 215, 341. , John, ii. 212, 213, 341. , Maria, or Mary, i. 185 — ii. 193, 194. 215, 341. , Robert, i. 340 — ii. 193, 341. Wandel, ii. 318. Wandelier, de, Sara, ii. 371. Wappingers, i. 145, 147. Wappinger's Creek, i. 201 — ii. 130, 248. War of 1812, ii. 447. Wars, French, i. 228 — Indian, ib. Ward, General Artemas, ii. 263, 265. Wareing, Maria, ii. 407. Waring, George, ii. 449. , Jesse, ii. 449 -, Martha Ann (Bartow), ii. 449. , Nathaniel, ii. 449. , Moses, ii. 449. , Phebe (Scribner) , ji. 441, 448- 450. , William, ii. 441, 447, 448, 450. Warwick, Earl of, i. 66. patent, i. 69, 70 n., 7g. Washington, General George, ii. 252, 266, 26g, 271, 281, 364, 365 — and Mrs., sponsors, 271. *' Washington, of his times," i. 304. Washington's Life Guards, ii. 198, 206. Wappings, the, i. 135. Water Street, N, Y. , i. 339. Watertown, Mass., i. 66. , N. Y., ii. 454. Watervliet, ii. 279. Watts, Anne, ii. 214. Waw^axsink, ii. 131. Weaver, Thomas, ii. 12. Webb, General, ii, 123. Wedding present, ii. 339. "Weehawken, ii. 282. Weems, Captain, i. 487. Weesmesters, i. 165. Wells, Noah, n. 451. Wendel, Evert Janse, ii. 316, 318. , Jeronimus, ii. 316. Wendell, Abraham, ii. 238, 319. ¦ , Annatje, ii. 151. , Ariantie, ii. 414. , Cathalyntia, ii. 461. , Elizabeth, ii. 319. , Elsie, ii. 306, 316, 413, 419. , Harmanus, ii, 313, 314, 315, 414- Wendell, Hester (Beekman), ii. 414, , Jacob, II. 246, 314, 315, 318, 319. 341- , Johannes, 1. in, 186, 347, 353, 355. 356. 376— ii- 95. 96. 99. 126, 246, 31S, 341, 414. 470- , Sara, ii. 240, 319. -, Susanna, ii. 419, 461, 462. Wenhams, John, ii. 133. Thomas, ii. 131, 133. Wessels, Dirck Ten Broeck. See Ten Broeck, Dirck Wessels. , Elizabeth, ii. 462. Hendrickje, i. 293. Wesselse, Wessel, ii. 329. Westchester, i. 28, 30, 82. County, ii. 293. , Indians destroyed, ii. 295. Westenhook, ii. 160, 332. Creek, ii. 131. Patent, ii. 131-132. Westerlo, Rev. Eilardus, ii. 416, 423. Westfield, i. 289 West India Company, the, i. 102, 113, 116, 118, 120, 124, 144, 171, 172, 177, 187, i8g, 203, 2og, 210, 212, 213, 214, 218, 228, 2g2 — ii. 16, 18, 164, 288, 2go, 2g3, 302, 303 - chartered, 10 — colonists, ib., dividends, ib., 11 — buys Pavonia, 15— and Melyn, ig, 20, 21 — colonization, 2^, 26 con tributes to Church, III — their Bouw ery, 349. Islands, g2, 276 — ii. 257, 437. Westminster, Dutch Church at, i. 238. Weston, Colonel, ii. 474. Westphalia, ii. 328. West Troy, ii. 157. Withersfield, i. 66. Whale fishery, i. 14. Wheeler, Amy Ann, ii. 411. , Grant, ii. 308, 411. , Philip, n. 411. Whitbeck, Abraham, ii. 400, Catherine, ii. 400. White, Anthony, ii. 433, 434. , Johanna (Staats), ii. 433, 434. Sarah, ii. 307. Whitehall, ii. 267, 324. Whitehead, Mr., ii. 183. White River Indians, i. 484. Whitney, Colonel, ii. 47. Wickham, John "W., ii. 402. Wickleson, John, ii. 293. , Sarah, ii. 293. Wildman, Mr., ii. 286. Willemstadt, ii. 457, Willet, Capt. Thomas, i. 73, 114, 119 William 111., i. 335, 342, 431 — ii. 165, 173- INDEX. 539 William the Silent, Prince of Orange, i- 9, 43- WiUiam and Mary, proclamation of, i- 193, 194. Williams, Dr. , ii. 200. -, EUphalet, ii. 451. , Roger, i. 80, 81, gi. , Warharnus, ii. 451. College, ii. 3go, 478. Wilmington Del., i. 34. Willius, Dominie, i. 57. Wilson, Ebenezer, ii. 131, 133. , George B. , ii. 154. , Mrs. Harold, ii. 335. Wilson's Creek, ii. 381, 382, 383. Wiltwyck, i. 136, I3g, 141, 143, 144, 145, 148, 149 — ii. 28g. Winckle, St. , i. ng. Windsor, i. 66. Winfield, ii. 284, Wingworst Point, ii. ig3. Winne, Annatje, ii. 3g6. , Barent, ii. 398. , Maria, ii. 397. Winslow, General, ii. 123. Winter's plantation, i. 158 — ii. 156. Winthrop, Gen. Fitz John, i. 155, 249, 370, 372, 374, 375. 384— ii- "o. 126, 223. , John, Governor of Connecti cut, i. 79, 80, 81, 83, 84, 85, 86, 482. , John, Governor of Massachu setts, i. 71, 72. Wisner, Samuel P., ii. 443. Witchcraft, execution for, ii. 477. Wolfe, General, ii. 123, 267. Wood, Dr. Jeremiah, ii. 441. , Lucinda, ii. 244 Woodbridge, N. J., ii. 1S3. Wood Creek, i." 272, 372, 384, 395— ii. 47, 134, 224, 269, Woodhouse, David, ii, 402. Woods, Mrs., ii. 493. Wouterson, Egbert, ii. 348. Wright, Ann, h. 198. Wyck in Utrecht, i. 187. Wyoming, ii. 366. Yale College, ii. 392, 393, 412, 450, 451. Yellowstone expedition, ii. 3g4. Park, ii. 3g5. Yondutdenough Schase, i. 2gg. Yonkers, i. 22. Strat, ii. 285, 346, York, Duke of, i. 64, 84, 85, 86, 238, 243- Yorktown, i. 204. Young, Edwin R. , ii. 410. Zabriskie, Catherine Schuyler (310), ii. 406. ,, Catherine Schuyler (316), ii. 406. , John, ii. 405. , John L. (311), n. 406. , Lansing, ii. 405. , Sarah (309), ii. 406. Zutphen, i. 207. Zuyder Zee, i. 206. Zwaanendal, i. 13, 14, 16. 3 9002 ? "IWI (if •*' • t<^-