THE
EARLY DAYS OF MONASTICISM
ON MOUNT ATHOS
KIRSOPP LAKE

'

1

YALE UNIVERSITY
LIBRARY

Gift of

ALFRED R. BELLINGER

THE
EARLY DAYS OF MONASTICISM
ON MOUNT ATHOS

BY

KIRSOPP LAKE, M.A.
FSOFESSOH OF EARLY CHEISTIAN LITERATURE IIT THE
uinvEHsiTy OP leiden

OXFORD
AT THE CLARENDON PRESS
1909

HENRY FROWDE, M,A,
FUBLISHEB TO THE UNTVEBSITT OF OXFOBD
liONDON, EDINBURGH, NEW YORK
TORONTO AND MELBOUENB

PREFACE
The following pages are the by-product of various visits
to the Monasteries of Mount Athos for the study of BibUcal
and Patristic MSS, It ia impossible for any one to visit
these districts without becoming interested in the local
history, I trust that Byzantine scholars will pardon my
invasion of their province.
It is also probably worth noting that the list of anecdota,
hagiographica could be enormously increased by the con
sistent cataloguing of the lives of Saints in the various
libraries other than the Laura ; for the extraordinary wealth
of Mount Athos in this respect is obscured by the fact that
. the Caitnbridge catalogue of Lambros does not as a rule
do more than record the month to which a volume of fiCoi
belongs. It is of course a help to know which MSS, have
/3tot, but the really valuable work of Cataloguing the
contents bas still to be done.
The pleasant duty is onoe more laid on me of acknow-
Ifiidging my indebtedness to the Trustees of the Revision
Surplus, the Hort and the Hibbert Funds, This is the
seventh book whioh I have had published, and of these
seven five are entirely the result of grants made to me by
some or all of these societies ; it is unnecessary for me to
say more to prove that I have reason to be grateful for
their help, KiESOPP Lake.
Leiden, 1909.

CONTENTS
PAQE
Inteoduction  5
CHAPTER I
Petee the Athonite  8
Appendix :
The Life of Peter the Athonite . . , ,18
CHAPTER II
EuTHTMiua OF Thessalonica  40
Appendix :
The Monastery of St, Andreas at Peristerai . 53
CHAPTER III
Johannes Kolobos, his Monasteet, and the Hee-
MiTS OF Mount Athos , , ' , , ,57
Appendices :
A, Extract from a ChrysobuU of Basil earlier
than A,D, 881  76
B, The Trpa^is of the liro'irrr;?, Qafj-as Kdaita^, as to
the boundary between Erissos and the Monks
of Mount Athos, A, D, 881-2 . , . 76
C. The Agreement between the Monks and the
Erissiotes  80
D, Decision of KaraKAKtov Kdo-wo^ as to the
boundary, a,d, 882  82
E. ChrysobuU of Leo VI  84
CHAPTER IV
The Monks of Mount Athos, and the Coming of
Athanasius  87
Appendices :
A, ChrysobuU of Romanus, &c  101
B, Extract referring to a ChrysobuU of BasU
Bulgaroktonos, a,d, 980 .... 102
C. Settlement of part of the estate of Kolobou on
the Monks of Mount Athos by Johannes the
Georgian, a,d. 985  102
Hagiogeaphioal Manusceipts .... 109

INTRODUCTION I.
The history of Greek monasticism seems, in all
the places in which it flourished, to aff'ord examples
of a development passing through three more or
less clearly defined periods.
There is first of all the hermit period, in which
a desolate piece of country is selected by hermits
as affording the necessary solitude for an ascetic
life. Secondly, there is the period of loose organiza
tion of hermits in lauras ; that is to say, a collec
tion of hermits' cells, more or less widely scattered,
grows up round the common centre provided by
the ceU of a hermit of remarkable fame, who has
attracted, and in some degree become the leader
of, the others. Thirdly, there comes a time when
the loose organization of the laura is replaced by the
stricter rule of a monastery, with definite buildings
and fixed regulations, under the control of . an
riyovp,€vo<; or abbot. The passage from the previous
stage to this was no doubt frequently hastened by
the fact that the Byzantine authorities encouraged
monasteries, but were not as a rule favourable to
lauras. The present treatise on the early history of
Mount Athos is an attempt to collect the few and
scattered pieces of evidence which bear on the

6 INTRODUCTION
first two stages — the hermit and the laura — on
Mount Athos, and to show that no exception is
afforded to the general rule of development.
Although the evidence is scanty, it is sufficient to
prove that there were hermits before there were
lauras, and lauras before there were monasteries,
on the Holy Mountain.
It would therefore have been logical to divide
the discussion into the three periods dominated by
hermits, lauras, and convents ; but in practice it
has proved impossible to do this, for the same man
often began Hfe in a 'monastery, and afterwards
became successively a hermit, the centre of a laura,
and the founder of a monastery. This is especiaUy
the case, naturaUy enough, in the middle period,
when the mountain was occupied partly by hermits
and partly by monks in lauras, whom force of cir
cumstances compeUed to adopt an increasingly more
developed form of organization.
In the following pages I have therefore divided
the discussion according to the saints and monas
teries which play the chief part in the story. The
first division is dominated by Peter the Athonite,
who was a hermit, and nothing else, in the middle
of the ninth century; his Ufe, the text of which I
append, has never previously been pubUshed. The
chief personage in the second division is Euthymius
of Thessalonica, who was first a hermit, and after
wards the centre of a laura, on Mt. Athos. The
third division is not connected with the name of
a monk who lived on Mount Athos, but with that of

INTRODUCTION 7
Johannes Kolobos, who about 970 founded close to
the mountain a monastery which played a con
siderable part in forcing the hermits and lauras
of Mount Athos to adopt a more definite organi
zation. The fourth and last division deals with the
position of affairs in the tenth century as revealed
by various documents connected with Athanasius
the Athonite, and includes the final decay of the
laura system and its replacement by fuUy organized
monasteries, together with the final absorption of
the monastery of Kolobou by the monks of the
mountain. For the sake of clearness I have as
largely as possible kept the discussion free from
any very long quotations from original documents,
and have coUected the evidence afforded by these
in a series of pidces jmtifictdives forming appendices
to each chapter.

CHAPTER I
PETER THE ATHONITE
In the Acta Sanctorum for June 12 (also in Migne's
Patrologia Graeca, vol. 150, col. 989 ff.) is printed
what claims to be the life of Peter the Athonite,-
as told in the fourteenth century by Gregqrios
Palamas, the famous opponent of Barlaam in the
Hesychast controversy. No one, however, has ever
tried to find in this document any serious history
concerning Peter, and it was impossible to say
whether it was the free composition of Gregory,
or based on some earlier tradition from which he
had selected the miraculous episodes which edified
him, whUe omitting the historical details wliich
would have interested us.
Fortunately for history, in the Laura on Mount
Athos and in other Ubraries there are preserved MSS.
of an earUer Ufe of Peter which was written (so
at least it claims) by a certain Nicolaus, and was
undoubtedly the source used by Gregory Palamas,
This has never been published and, though not a
document of the first rank, is worth studying.
Research in menologies would probably reveal
the existence of a fair number of MSS. At present,
however, the only ones with which I am acquainted
are as foUows : —

PETER THE ATHONITE 9
(1) In the Laura on Mount Athos, Cod. A 79 (saec,
XII. 36. 3 X 25. 0 cm. 2 col. 33 U,), a beautifully
written MS,* containing the Uves of the Saints and
encomia for April, May, June, July, and August,
This MS, has been used by M. Louis Petit for his
edition of the Ufe of Michael Maleinos ; ^ he there
ascribes the MS. to the thirteenth century, but
although it is exceedingly difficult to date these
large hagiographical hands, I doubt if it can be
put so late. Indeed my own opinion is that it
was written early rather than late in the twelfth
century. The last page of the Ufe of Peter is
unfortunately missing, but the text can be suppUed
from the other MSS.
(2) Also in the Laura^ Cod, E 190 (written at the
expense of Simeon, proegoumenos of the Laura,
iK T'TJ's x^/oas Ka/Duo-TGu, and given by him to the
library in 1646). This MS. is clearly a copy of
A 79, and it was obviously not worth whUe to
coUate it : but it is valuable as giving the text of
the lost page of A 79.
(3) In Rome, Cod. Vat. 1190 (ff. 1003-1012), a
MS. written in 1542 for ' Georgius episcopus Siti-
ensis et Hierapetrensis ' and given by him to Pope
Paul V.
(4) In Paris, Cod. Coislin. Paris 307 (ff, 398-410),
a MS. which formerly belonged to the monastery of
Castamonitou on Mount Athos and was obtained from
' Vie et Office de Michel Maleinos, &c., par Louis Petit.
Paris, Picard et fils, 1903 (in the Bibliotheque Eagiographique
Orientale, edit6e par Leon Cljugnet).

10 PETER THE ATHONITE
it (it is almost certain) for Seguier, the ChanceUor of
Louis xrv, by the famous Pere Athanase, whose
story is told by M. Henri Omont in his Missions
archeohgiques franpaises en Orient, aux XVII et
XVIII sitcles.^
(6) Also in Paris, Cod. CoisUn, 109, a MS. of the
tenth century, which Seguier most probably also
acquired from Pere Athanase, containing on fol.
249^ f. a short extract (in a later hand) from the
life of Peter. This is important because the MS,
itself came from tov evKT7)pLov rrj^ ivepayCa? ©eotokov
Kal TOV 6<rCov Trar/aos rjp,av HeTpov tov 'A6(ovCtov (on
f. 266). No doubt further investigations would reveal
more MSS,, but the text of A 79 is not bad, and
it is not probable that the collation of other MSS.
would give any results at aU proportionate to the
labour of coUating them.
In editing the text I have kept strictly to my
copy of the MS, except in the insertion of iota
subscript, and the treatment of enclitic accents.
Where my copy attests a probably corrupt reading,
and supports it by a sic, I have noted the fact
with sic cod. Where I fear that I have made a
mistake in copying, as the reading is apparently
wrong, and is nevertheless not supported by a sic
cod., I have noted the fact by sic without cod. Merely
orthographical variations I have printed without
comment. ' Paris, Impimerie nationode, 1902.

PETER THE ATHONITE 11
The Story of Feter' s Life.
The story told by Nicolaus is a typical example
of the methods foUowed by the Greek hagiographers.
AU the emphasis is laid on the visions, miracles,
contests with demons, and general asceticism of the
saint during his life, and on the history and efficacy
©f his reUcs after his death. There is often a
tendency to describe aU this kind of narrative as
unhistorical; but it would be truer to say that it
narrates certain abnormal psychological experiences
and combines them with a * Weltanschauung ' which
is entirely foreign to modem ways of thinking.
The Acta Sanctorum would, I think, afford magni
ficent material to any one who would treat the
psychology of the later saints in somewhat the
same way as that made famous by Prof. W. James
in his Varieties of Eeligious Experience.
At the same time it is certainly true that this
side of the narrative has no importance for fixing
the historical facts connected with Peter. It is
therefore probably expedient to teU over again in
a few words the few purely historical parts of the
story, as these afford the only foundation for any
discussion of the date of Peter, and of the Ught
thrown on the early history of the mountain by
his Ufe.
Peter was originally a soldier (a a~xo\dpio^ of
the fifth ot^oXtj) who was captured by the Arabs
in Syria and imprisoned at Samara — a misfortune
which he regarded as the direct result of his neglect

12 PETER THE ATHONITEl
to fulfil a vow to become a monk. He entreated
St. Nicolaus to help him, and promised that if he
obtained his liberty he would go to Rome, and there
take monastic vows. After some difficulty, to over-
come which the further intercession of St. Simeon
was necessary, the help of the Saints proved
effectual, and Peter obtained his liberty. In accor
dance with his vow he went to Rome and was
ordained monk by the Pope. After a short stay
in Rome he joined a ship bound for the Levant,
but when he was close to Mount Athos the ship was
miraculously delayed, and he thus recognized that
this was the place in which, as St. Nicolaus had
told him, he was to pass the remainder of his
days as a hermit. On disembarking he found the
mountain uninhabited and Uved there for fifty
years in a cave. Here he was tempted by devils
and in danger from wild beasts, but ultimately was
victorious over both. Towards the end of his last
year he was accidentaUy discovered by a himter,
to whom he told his story, advising him to
foUow his example and adopt the ascetic life. His
words had so much influence that the hunter
promised to return after a farewell visit to his
family ; but when he came back the foUowing year,
bringing with him his brother and some monks,
he found that Peter was already dead. But since
according to mediaeval ideas the corpse of a saint
is worth even more than his living body, the two
brothers proceeded to take away the relics in the
boat in which they had come. They rowed and

PETER THE ATHONITE 13
sailed along the east coast of the mountain, but
when they woro opposite the monastery of Clementos
(where the present Iveron^ stands), their boat stood
still in spito of a favourable wind whioh fiUed their
sail. So long wore they stationary that the monks
of Clomoutos put out to them, and made them land
with the relics, the story of which they told very
reluctantly, as they felt that it was improbable that
thoy would be aUowod to keep them. Nor were
they mistaken : the rolics were received with many
honours and placed iu tho shrine of the Virgin
'whoro they aro accustomed to hold the annual cele
brations '. After this tho hunter and his brother
departed, but the monks who had accompanied
thom were not prepared to abandon the relics, and
after diverting suspicion by professing a desire to
join the foundation of Clementos, stole the body of
Peter and sailed off at night to their own country.
The monk Nicolaus, in whose name the book is
written, says that ho was an eyewitness of their
depai'ture. Tho monks who had taken the relics
successfully escaped to Phocamin in Thrace, but the
miraculous power of their burden becoming known,
the bishop and clergy of the place forced them to sell
it, and the reUcs remained permanently in that place.
In tliis story there are three points which aiTest
attention as likely to supply material for dating tho
life of Peter. These are (1) the imprisonment at
Samai-a, (2) tlio pilgrimage to Rome, (3) the monastery
of Clementos.
' i, e. the Georgian Monastery, — ^ fiovij tUv 'I^r^fxav.

14 PETER THE ATHONITE
(1) Samara. This is the city which is officially
known in Arabic histoiy as Sarra-man-raa, on the
Tigris above Baghdad. It was the capital of the
Abbasid Caliphs from 836, when it was rebuUt by
CaUph Mu tasim, to 892,^ with the exception of the
year 865 when the CaUph Musta'in left it for Baghdad,
but was pursued by Mu'tazz who then assumed the
Caliphate. The reference to Samara therefore fixes
the years between 836 and 892 as the most probable
for the imprisonment of Peter, Moreover, the fact
that the intermittent war between the Greeks and
the Axabs blazed up again in 838 — just previously
there had been a breathing-space — enables us to
say 838 instead of 836.
(2) Pilgrimage to B/mie. At most times it would
be very improbable for a Greek monk to think
of going to Rome to receive the tonsure, and
it is certainly very improbable that any Greek
writer, after the beginning of the tenth century,
would have invented such a story. But during
the Iconoclast movement it is not at aU unUkely
that a monk of the Iconolatric party went to Rome
for this purpose. The Iconoclast movement ceased
with the death of TheophUus in 842, so that the
story of the pilgrimage to Rome ia more probable
if it were undertaken in consequence of a vow made
before 842 than after that year.
Thus this line of argument, combined with the facts
connected with Samara, points to the years between
' See Le Strange's Baghdad during the Abbasid Caliphate,
Oxford, 1900, especially pages 13 and 311.

PETEE THE ATHONITE 15
838 and 842 as the most probable for Peter's
imprisonment and vow.
(3) I'he Monastery of Clementos. This gives less
help : aU that is known is that in the tenth century
there was a monastery of Clementos, which was
already decaying and was ultimately absorbed by the
new foundation of Iveron. Judging from analogy
these early monasteries had a period of about a
century for their rise, decUne, and fall. This argu
ment would of course be quite worthless by itself as
a basis of chronological argument. But as we find
that the monastery of Clementos was decaying in
the year 980, when it was given to Johannes the
Georgian by the Emperor BasU Bulgaroktonos,^ we
should not- be surprised to find that it was founded
abou:t the year 880. Now according to the Ufe
of Peter he was fifty years on Mount Athos : it is
suggested hy the previous argument that he came
there about 840 : therefore he died about 890. So
far as it goes thia fits the other data very weU,
for the suggestion made by the Ufe of Peter is
that the monastery of Clementos did not exist
when he came to Mount Athos^ and was flourishing
Sit his death.
There are no other points in the Ufe which seem
to afford chronological evidence,^ but the date
suggested wiU enable us to make an easy correc
tion of a puzzUng statement at the beginning. The
narrator says, that Methodius of Patara had com
mended the example of Peter. This is clearly
^ See p. 102.

16 PETER THE ATHONITE
absurd, for Methodius of Patara Uved in the fourth
century. But if we eject the words ' of Patara '
from the text as a gloss, the passage may be under
stood as a reference to the Methodius who became
Patriarch of Constantinople in 842, in which case
there is nothing improbable in the fact that he had
heard of the escape of Peter and of the fulfilment
of his vow.
The result of this investigation is to show that
Peter the Athonite is probably an historical person
who lived the life of a hermit on Mount Athos in
the ninth century. It remains to ask what is the
date of the existing narrative. As the MS. in
which it is found belongs to the twelfth century,
and Peter himself belonged to the ninth, any date
between these extremes is possible. It is equaUy
obvious that the wriifeer wishes to give the impres
sion that he was himself a younger contemporary
of Peter, for he claims to have been an eye
witness of the theft of the reUcs. If one could be
certain that the words 'of Patara' in reference to
Methodius are merely a gloss and not due to the
writer himself, there would not be much reason
for questioning the truth of this implication. But
if the confusion between Methodius of Patara and
Methodius of Constantinople be really due to the
writer, it is almost inconceivable that he belonged
to the ninth century. In this case the tenth
century is probably the date of the wrriting of the
Life. It can hardly be much later in face of the
reference to the monastery of Clementos, which

PETER THE ATHONITE 17
iceased to exist after 980. On the whole I think
that the latter is the more probable view for two
reasons : (1) Mount Athos is referred to as the Holy
Mountain, a title for which I know of no evidence
before the tenth century ; (2) it is suggested, though
not clearly stated, that the monastery was dedicated
to the Virgin, whereas Clementos was dedicated to
the Baptist, though the foundation which absorbed
it was really dedicated to the Virgin. These two
points are not worth much in themselves, but are
perhaps just sufficient to turn the scale in favour
of the tenth century. In this case one must assume
either that the writer wished to represent Peter as
a contemporary of Methodius of Patara in the
fourth century, or, which is much more probable,
did not know in the least when Methodius of
Patara Uved and simply mixed up two people of
the same name. In either case the statement made
above that the words * of Patara ' are a gloss must
be taken to mean that they are a gloss on the
tradition rather than on the text of thQ Ufe of
Peter.

LAKE, U. A,

APPENDIX TO CHAPTER I

THE LIFE OP PETEE THE ATHONITE
B/o? Kal iroXiTeia tov ocriov koi deo<p6pou iraTpos ryxuiv
Tlerpov TOV 'A-daviTov.
1, 1, To Toiis tSsv dyioav ^lovf koi ti/v avTwv 6eo(f>iXtj iroXtTeiav
Introduc- eyypad)us<! eKTiQeirQai, Kal tois fieri'TreiTa irpos dxpeXeiav
Kai ^i/Aoi/ ofioiov irapaoioovai, kqXov kui Aiav eiruxpeXes
KOI 6eape(TT0v' tois ts yap aKouovtriv ovricris oi}j^ ^ Tv^ova^a
ylverai, Ka\ tw ypacpovTi fiitrdos iiiro T'ris wtpeXelas twv
UKOVOVTWV. oBev Kayw iraTpiK^ ireitrBeis evToX^ KeXevovtrij
TOV TOV fiaKapuaraTOV iraxpos ryi-wv TleTpov /3iov avaypa-
"TTTOv yeviardat, toO ev tw A-dw opei ayyeXiKciiis "iroXiTevcra-
fiivov, Kat aerapKWS, tv' ovtoos eliru), ^e^iwKOTOS, Sikoiov
eKpiva air avTov tov ets avTov yevofievov OavfiaTos irapa
TOV TpierfxaKapos iraTpos fjfiwv NjAcoXaow airap^acrdai, koi
ovTVD KaO' ap/jLov Kal uKoXovOlav tov aXXov airrov Siacracjyijtrai
^lov. Ta ^e tov davfiUTOs tovtov evet tov Tpoirov' eo?
aiVo? 6 fiiyas iraTrip fnxojv MeOoSios 6 IlaTdpwv ewicTKOVOS
o-vveypd-^aTO " fiova^xpl " ipijal " Tives twv eyKpiTwv Kal
iravra 6eiS eTvrrioeuofievwv apevKeiv, fiera tu)v aXXwi' KaXwv
Kai Trj aXijOeia a-Tor^eiovfievoi, toSto juioi yeyeveitrOai viro
NiKoXaov tov ira/jL/jLOLKapos veoocrTl to Oavfia Sitfyopeutrav
UeTpos, XiyovTes, 6 ev fiaKapia Trj fiv^fit] /jLova^)(os atro
a")(oXapluiv yevoftevos toiovtw Tpoirw fiovda-ai Sia^e-
^aiwa-UTO." ovtos yap avTov iv t^ irifiirTi] a-)(oXfj Kal
lUera o-TpaTOireSiDV Siatpopwv eirl 'Zivplav airoaTuXevTOS
¦Trpbs TToXe/iov, eTv^ev, ota ttoXXclkis (piXei ev dvQpdiirois
yivetrQai, tSiv ^ap^apwv eiriKpaTecrTepaiv 6(f)6evTtisv, Tpa-
irnvai fxev tovs 'Piofiaiovs ev tw voXifiw, t^wyprjdijvai Se
Trap' aJjTiiv irXeitrTOVS, fieff wv koi ovtos 6 IleTpos atv/ua-
XwTi<r6els eis tov Xeyo/ievov J!,afiapav airoa-TeXXeTat
{icatTTpov Se TOVTO itni tois "Apa-^iv ojfypwTUTOv Te Kal

2,
Hig im
prison
ment at
Samara,

APPENDIX TO CHAPTER I 19
troXvavaptonrovj, airoooQijvai Te tw tovtwv apyrjyS), tov
^oXefiov (OS upirayna. exet ^e eKetvos 6 Svffo-e^rjs els
c^fiomav (pvXaKtjv auror evairedeTo, Kal tovs voSas avrov
ev. eriS^pois ^apvTaTOis liaTrjcrCpaXlcraTO, crw<ppove<rTepos
w(Tirep tHov oiKeiwv yevofxevos e^eraarT^s, Kal yvovs ins apa
aia TOVTO eis vpovonhv koi SovXelav aveSoOti, StoTi
vroXXaKis ev^a/jLevos tw 6eip yeviardai /ioj/aj^o? Kal tois
TOV KO(r/iov airoTa^aa-Qai irpaytxacriv, els irepas ayayetv
Ta T^s ev}(rjs ave^aXXeTO, eiroTviaTO, ^crj^aXXec, eSva^ye-
paivev, eavTOV t^J ^paSvTtJTOS KaTefxifxtpero, Kal S^ wf
.a^ia iraOwv €V')(api(TTws vtretpepe tu yevofieva. tos Se 3,
¦X^povos avTw irapw^VKei ev t^ (ppovpa irXeitTTOS, Kal ovSefiia ^'^ °''^*
atpopfiti (TWTt}pias eTTpofxriQeieTO, e/c voXXlis crvvijOelas twi/ s, Nico-
Tov dylov f^iKoXaov davfxaTwv irpovirdp^xwv, kuI a/xa toi/toi'^^.us,
ev Tots OXtjSepois dpwyov evi^ooKrdai fxefxeXeTtiKws, Tp e^
edovs irappticritf yjpticrd/xevos " eydi" (ptjcrlv, " ayie Ni/co'Xae,
olSa WS ava^tos elfxi trdatis (rwTtiplas' voXXaKis yap fxovdarai
TW 6e^ VTTOvyofxevos, fxtj irepaTwrras Se otrep ijv^d/xijv tw
vXa(ravTi, SikuIws Kat tijs evQaSe Zo(f)wSovs KaOelp^etos s'tvvov.
Sia TOl TOVTO TTjOoy avTov /xev Trjv iKealav t?? airoXorpwaews
ov ToXfxS) TTOi^fratrQai, <toI Se ws (rvv^Ows e)(OVTi to. twi/ en
avayKais irpocroiKeiovtrdai fiapij, koi Tais Se^a-eai twv 6X1^0-
fxevwv irpoaeiriKafxirTecrOai, Qappwv irpoa^evyw' Kal are
petriTtiv trpos avTov Kai eyyv>]Trjv vpojSaXXofxai, w? apa,
Sia (TOV T^ cKeivov. eTrtveva-ei tS>v SSe Sea'fxSiv diroXvTpovfxevos,
ovKeTi Tois Koa/xiKois Oopv^ois eTTifxevw, ovSe Ttj olKeia
iraTpiSi ifxavTOV eyKaTOiKia-w, aXX' evi 'Pdfxriv iropevcrofxai,
Kal ev Ttp TOV Kopvcpaiov UeTpov atjKw avoKeipa/xevos, oUtw
SiaTeXetTW tov diravTa fxov Trjs ^wrjs ¦)(p6vov, /xovaaTrjs uvtI
koerfxiKOV SeiKvvfxevos, Kal evapecrTelv Qew oarrj Svva/xis iiriTti-
Sevofxevos" TavTa Kal Ta tovtwv irXelova Xe'ywi/ 6 av^p,.
Kai afxa . vija-Teiais eavTov eirtoioovs kui oeija'e(Tiv, epoo/xaoa
^fxepwv aariTOS SiereXea-e. irepl Se to t?j e^SofxaSos TeXos
oiTTaveTai ai/Tw o Ta^^ys twv eTriKaXovfxeVwv avTov eviKovpos,
6 depiixos irpoo'TdTtis Kal fxeyas Ni/co'Xaoy, kuI (prjo-i ¦irpos
aiJTOv, " Kal Ttjs Se^a-ews (rov, aSeXipe TleTpe, UK^Koa, kuI
TOV (TTevayfxov Ttjs KapSlas <rov ^Kpoacra/x^v, kqi tov
ev(r<7rXay')(yov Kal (biXavQpwirov Qeov virep crov eXiirapijcra.
B 2

laus.

20 PETER THE ATHONITE
aXX' eireiTep avTos ^paSvs twi/ avTov evToXwv eKTrXwptjs
Ka6e(rT>]Kas, yvwQi, aSeXtpi, ws ov ^ovXerai (re twi/ Setr/xwv
dveOtjvai, KpeiTTOV ^ kuO' ^fxas Tr/v crwrripiav aov TrpofXijOov^
fxevos. ofxws ^' ovv eireiirep avTod i<mv evToXri to ' aWeiTe
Kal SoO^a-eTai, KpoveTe koi avoiy^creTai vfxiv' fxii eKKaK^cTWfxev
Trjv avTov KaOiKeTevetv ayaOoTrjTa Kai (ptXavSpwiriav, Kai
oirep otSe ervfxcpepov, tovto iravTms Kal oiKOVOfx^a^ei els
ijfxas." TavTa elirwv 6 ayios Nt/coXaoy Kai eyKapTepeiv
avTov eyKeXeva-dfxevos, yevaracrOal Te Tpo(pijs irpcrrpe^^d/xevos,.
4, air atJTov ave^^wptitre. toO Se HeTpov roTe /xev /xeToXa-
'^^^ ^ povTOS TooOns, eireiTa oe Kai avvis eavTou eis iKeaiav u.eTa
second , S '^ , , / . .- /^ . « » ,
prayer to vt](rTeias eiriTeivovTOS, (paiverai avTip iraXiv e/c oevTepov o
S, Nico- ayios NiKoXaoy, a-KvOpwirw tivI ^Xe/x/xaTi, wj S^Oev virep
avTov iKeTevwv Kai vapaKOvo/xevos, Kai Xeyei auTw v(pei/xevr/
Kal TTpaela t^ Cpwvri " eydo /xev, aSeX(f)e, iria-Teverov, om eirav-
cra/xt]v irepl aov Trjv tov Qeov ayaQoTr/Ta Kal (piXavOpwirlav
eK^iat^ofxevos, aXX' oijk oiSa ots tkti Kpi/xatriv t/ irola
oIkovo/xkx ttiv aTToXvTpwcriv v/xiv ava^aXXerai. irXriv
eireiSriirep e'lwdev 6 iroXvevcrvXayxyos t^v dva^oXriv irpos to
ervfx(pepov fi/xwv irpay/xaTevetrQai, Iva /xtj Taj^ew? Xa/x-
j3avovTes KUTaCppovw/xev paSlws T>js ¦}(dpiTOS, 6eXei Se Icrws
Kai Trap erepwv virep (rov d^iwdiivai twv evapetrrr/trdvTwv
avTip, eyw aoi trpos avrov viroSei^w irpecrjSevTriv d^iwTaTOV.
Xaj3w/xev ovv avTov (rvv^yopov a/xtpoTepoi, /xovov eirl d'^^evi
Seal TOIS vpay/xaai, Kal otSa ws eirivevaei 6 deos SoOtjvai
tj/xlv Ta irpos (ramjpiav ahij/xaTa." toS Se elpt/KOTOs " kuI
TIS eirj Spa, ayie SecnroTO, 6 irXeov arov to Qeiov iXaa-Qricro-
/xevos, (TOV yap Tats trpea-^elais Kal Tais irpocrTatriais 6
Kocr/xos airas irepterw^erai ; " virocpOdaas avr^ 6 /xiyas
etpn NtKo'Xao? " oiSas 'Lv/xewv rov SUaiov, os iv X^P^*- "^^^
Kvpiov Tea-irapovO^/xepov irpotrSe^d/xevos ev Tip i/acS eiVeKo'-
fxtja-ev ; " " oiSa," (ptia-i, " ayie tov 6eov, Kal ovk ayvow tov
avSpa, TOIS yap dylois evayyeXiois icrTiv dvdypaiTTos." 6
Se cpiXavOpwiroTUTos NiKo'Xao? " tovtov," etpr/, " d/xcpoTepoi
els irpea-$eiav Kiv^crw/xev, Svvarai yap, ws tw Qpovit) tw
SetrifOTiKw /xera tov UpoSpo/xov Kal t?? QeoTOKov ael
irapitTTd/xevos- Kal irdvTws to. direpavra fj/xlv irepas altriov
diroXjy^ovTat." w? ^e TauTa elirwv^ 6 ayios Nt/coXaoj
' sic cod. a sic.

APPENDIX TO CHAPTER I 21
aTTijXXaTTeTO. Sivirvi(r6els ovv 6 avt/p, iraXiv eavrov Tais 5,
iKe(riais Kal vijtrTelais SeSwKiis, Tais ^iKoXdov irpecr^eiais •^¦^^
¦> \ ~ a •> ¦> i\ y a' ' -/i » " prayer to
eiriKaXeitruai ovk aireXiire. Kat uea /xot evTUVua Ttjv tov g_ gy.
dytov crv/xira6eiav,irws tov iKeTrjv diroQepaireva-ai ^ovXo/xevos ''r{^on,a.ni
Kol TWV alTijcrewv avTOv irpo/xtidevtraadai to av/xirepacr/xa, frnm'^^^^
ov KaTWKVtja-ev els tovto a-v/xirpetr^evTrjv Kal ^v/xediv irapa- prison,
Xal3eiv TOV SiKaidoTaTOV /xeff ov irapaaTas Ttj TpiTrj
iiriipopa Ttjs airoKoXv-^ews, otc Sr/ koi t^v Xvcriv auTw twi/
XvTTtipwv exoipicraTO, " Qaparei " eipij, " dSeXcpe UeTpe, Kal
Trjs aOv/xlas TO iroXv airoerKevaa-afxevos, tw koivw /xeaiTij Kal
(rv/xirpear^evTrj "Sv/xedov Ta t?9 atTiJffewj iiriOapptja-ov."
tovtov Se TOVS o(p6aX/xovs avuTeivavTOS, koi tov /xeyav
^v/xewv irepiCTKOir^cravTOS, evTpo/xov Se oXov yevofxevov tw
Seet Tijs opderews, 6 SiKaios avrw irapa(rTas ^v/xewv pa^Sov
Xpvcrtjv /xeraxeipiXo/xevos, iipovS Te Kal KiSapiv Kal eirw/xiSa
itepipe^Xri/xevos, toiovtois irpos avrov dire'xpvo'aro p^/xacriv,
"avT6s,"<p>](rlv,"virdpxeiS 6 tw dSeX<p(S NtKoXaw ei/o^^Xwv, Kal
ffwevwy Seo/xevos dveO^vai ere rrjs irepiexovcrris (re OXi^yews,
Kal Tfjs evravOa (ppovpas, koi twi/ (riSriptpv tovtwv Secr/xwv"
6 Se /xoXis TOV (TTO/xaros avrov avoiyevros " vai," (pwi,
" ayie rov Qeov, eyw el/xl 6 raireivos, 6 eyyvtjrtjv avrov els
Qeov, KOI Ttjv crijv ayiwtrvvijv /xetriTrjv Kal irpetr^evrtiv irpo-
^aXXo/xevos." " Kal (pvXarreis," (prja-iv, " airo rov vvv
ao-d)aXwy airep avrw KaQw/xoXoyijo'as, /lovaxos yevo/xevos
Kal ivaperws ^lovv ditb rov irapovros Sieyeipo/xevos ; "
" val" cbi]a-iv, virotpOdo'as 6 iKerijs avricptjerei'- Kal 6 SIkuios
^v/xeoov " eireiSr/irep " (pijalv " i/x/xeveiv ois w/xoXoyritras
^la^e^aiois, e^eXQe a/cwXi/Twy twi/ evraiJda, Kal oirep ^ovXei
PdSilCe, ovSev ydp ce rov Xoiirov twi/ Sokovvtwv kwXvtikwv
e/xiroSiarai r/ irapaKaratrxeiv Svvt}(reTai." rov Se Herpov
tovs iroSas rois (riStipois KaQr/Xw/xevovs viroSei^avros,
eKTeivas rhv ev t? X"i°' pd^Sov 6 ayios ^v/xedv, twj/ T£
(riSt/pwv idta'^d/xevos, wy rr/Kerai Krjpos airo rov irpocrwirov
irvpos, ovrws avra SiaXva-as irapa'xp'j/xa ^(pdvij(rev. elra
iPeXQwv TOV Sea/xiirrt]pi0v 6 SiKaios Si/juewf, koI otjvokoXov-
0W1/ avT(S 6 Uerpos a/xa NtKoXd(p tw Qeo/xdKapi, rrjv
iropelav ePw rtjs iroXews evpeQr/ iroiov/xevos, yvwpitras Se
tw HeTjOw wy ovK evvirviov ro opoo/xeovv ^oveiporreaOai yap
^ sie cod.

22 PETER THE ATHONITE
ai/Toy eSoKei tw irapaSo^ip tov irpdy/xai-os), t^ /xeyaXw
Nt/foXaw eiri/xeXeicrOai auTto eireiirwv, aijros /xev ^(pavrwQri
OTTO TWV 6(f)QaX/xS)v avrSiv, e/xeive Se /xovos 6 avQpwiros TW
Kt/Se/xovi T'ris avrov (rwrijpias NtKoXafiu irapo/xaprwv Kai
irpoa-avuKeifxevos. 6 Se /xiyas Nt/co'Xaoy ra irpos criricr/xov
ai/TW apacrQai SieKeXevero, rov Se elirdvros /xijSev ej^eti/ o
Siarpatpycrerai, 6 rov Kvpiov yv^(rios depairwv Nt/coXaoy
Oappeiv avrw rov Xoiiroi) SiaKeXevtra/xevoss elcreXOelv ev evi
TWI/ iKeitre K^irwv irapeyyvri<raro, KcxKeiOev oaa povXoiro
TWI/ oirwpwv eavrw diroKo/xiaaaOai' ovirep yevofxevov, Kal
Tov avQpdoirov els Siarpoiptiv evirop^aavros, ovk iiravaaro
6 /xeyas Ye/oa'ywj'wj' NjKoXaoy ewy ety 'Pw/xaviav a/SXa/S?
II 1. SieKO/xiaev. iirel Se T?y VpaiKwv eire^t} y'tjs 6 avr/p 6 /xev
His jour- ayios evOvs avro!) dirtiXXartero, rovro /xovov irpos avrov
Kome elirwv, " Kaipos aoi, dSeXipe TIerpe, ras avvQf/Kas iKirXrjpSiaai
raxyrara, el Se /xr/ irdXiv tw '2,a/xapa diroKO/xuCri wy Sea/xios."
6 Se a/xa /xev Kal rtjs irporepas ava^oXrjs SeSiws to iiriri/xiov,
a/xa Se Kal rov ayiov Oepaireveiv eK/xiJXOvd/xevos, ovSe iv r^
oiVe/w 6iK(j) direXOdov, ovSe /xev rois ISiois ^ yvwp^/xois eairrbv
cpavepdiiaas, ws av /xti vir' avrwv rrjs airovSrjs dvaxairiaQ^,
Taxovs wy etj(6 TT^oy 'Poo/xrjv ^ireiyero diroSovvai tw K.vpi(p
ras ei^X"? f^^T i^o/xoXoy^aews, ay SieareiXe ra j(erXi; avrov.
2. Kai aKOirei /xoi ivravOa, to (piXorr/s twi/ opQoSoPwv, rrjs rov
, "^'^°' ira/x/xdKapos NiKoXdov KtiSe/xovias ro davyKpirov, irwy wairep
the Pope, irarrip ^iXoaropyos Kal av/xira0^s, ^ wairep iraiSaywyos
apiaros rw avrf irpoaavexiKori ^ crv/xirapo/xaprei, ovrws
avrw avvoSoiiropei, eirt]KoXovOet, irpoerpexe, Ta e/xirpoaQev
irpow/xaXil^e, ra oiriaQev iireppdwef KarevoSSiiv iv airaai,
Kal OVK direarri rovrov ewy av avrov rw Qeip irpoa-
Tj^ev ws iirexeipi<rev. apri yap rore r^ 'Poo/xr) iyyl^ovros
rov avOpwirov, Kai rov roirov dyvoovvros, dyvoov/xevov Se
Kal avroO, to * Tiji/t/cai/TO T?y 'Pw/xaiwv iKKXrjaias irpo-
eSpevovri 6 /xeyas aUrov KardSrjXov Kal i/x(j)avrj irapiartjai
NjKo'Xaoy, vvKTwp rw IldiroL iirtards, rov avSpa iiri veroay
Kparwv, avT^ ToiJrov vireSeiKvvev, oirws /xev aijrbv ck rod
"La/xapd aveppvaaro, Kal oirws evxhv e^et eV Ty rov Kopv-
(paiov TWV airoaroXwv diroKeipaaOai ar/Kif KaOe^rjs irpoaSi^-
yov/xevos, yvwplaas avrw a/xa koi to tou dvQpcoTov ovo/xa,
* sic. a ste cod.

APPENDIX TO CHAPTER I 23
lleTpov avrov irpoaayopeveaOai elircov, (rirevSeiv re iv r^
avT(t) Tip HaTra iiro8e/xevos, ws av rdxiov ra rrjs ei/j^^y
ireparw(rei. SivirviaQels ovv 6 Hairay, Kal irpos to to5 3, _
Kopvcpalov re/xevos diridiv, ^v yap KvpiOKtj rwv fi/xepwv, g pgWg
iravras irepieaKoirei Kal twi/ irpoaairai'rtovrwv Karevoei Ta in Eome,
irpoawira, el apa rov SecyOevra avrUe Kad' vtvovs dvayvwoiet f'^,*^ ^,^
„„»/!' ^ o< ^ ^ -fl ' ^ -a -interview
Kai Veaaerai. Kai or/ to irXrjOos irpoaaveaxv^fS tov Xaov ^th the
OjOa TOV avdpwirov /xeaov rwv aXXwv tara/xevov vev/xaai Se Pope,
aira^ Kai Sis rovrov irpoaKoXead/xevos, ws eiSe /xri viraKovovra,
it, 6v6/xaros avrov iiri^odv iirex'stpi're, " TIerpe " Xeywi/
o airo 1 paiKias eXtjXvaws, ovk avros ei ov o /xeyas
NtKoXaoy eK toC ^a/xapa twi/ Sea/xwv Kal rrjs (pvXaK^s
aireXvrpwaaro ; " roS Se eavrov eivat 6/xoXoyi^aavros, Kal
T^ irapaSo^ip Qa/x^tiQevros rov cxKova/xaros, 6 HaTray auTw
aireKpivaro " /xtjSev Qav/xdarjs, dSeXxpe Herpe'' Xeywv, "^ori
e^ ovo/xaros ae iKoXeaa, ov ovSeirore reQea/xai' 6 yap
iroXvs Kal /xe-yay NiicoXaos vvKrwp /xoi iiriaras airavra ra
Kara ae ive(pavt]ae, Kal ws ^Keis airoQpt^o/xevos kuI ras
¦evxas aov rw Kvpiip airoirX^pdawv." raSra eliriov 6 riaTray III, 1.
\ \ 3f n 1 f fl— — f»»/ His dp-
Kai rov avopa airoKeipas, vew rovrov, ws n viroaveais, ¦"'='""'
fl / ' y , '^ , ^1^1 , , - . parture
Kaoiepwae. Kai iroir/aas 'xpovov ovk oXiyov /xer avrov o from
TOiJ OeoO ovrws avOpwiros, KariJX'jOels irap' avrov ra irpos ^rae.
doorijpiav "^trxrjs Kal (o(f)eXeiav (rvvreivovra, dvexiopriaev iv
elp^vrj T?y 'Pw/xijy, elptjKoros avT^ rov /xaKapiierarov Tiaira
" iropevov, reKvov, 6 Kvpios earai /xtrd aov koi avros evQvvai
rrjv oSov aov, art)piXwv irpos irdv epyov ayaQov, Kal Sia-
(pvXdrrwv ae dirb rwv rov Sia^oXov /xeQoSiwv. ' ireawv ovv 6
fxaKapios Tlerpos els tovs iroSas rov Haxa Xeyei irpos avrov
" ffw^oii, Ti/xie irdrep, <rw^oi;, '/xaQrjra rod Xptarov, koI
virr/Koe rov iyyvrirov Kal pvarov /xov rov dylov NiKoXdov, '
Kal dairaad/xevos avrov rov re KXijpov airavra i^^XQe rrjs
iroXews, Seo/xevos Qeov rrjs ayaOrjs /xr/ ivSovvai^ irpoQeaews,
evpdov Se irXoiov ela^XOev els avrov Kal direirXevaev. t/v 2,
^6 o ave/xos iirir^Seios, koI irXevaavres ^/xepas i(p' iKavas "^^ ^°^'
Karijvrrjaav ev rivi X'^P^'P' '^<*' '''^*' '"'''•' Trpoaop/xiaavres miracle of
i^rjXQov 01 vavTiKol rov oirrijaai aprovs. aireXQovres ow dealing.
ev rivt olKiaKip evpov iravras tovs iv avrw xa/twy exovras,
oirr^aavres Se rovs aprovs, Kal KaOiaavres irpos eariaaiv
• sic cod.

24 PETER THE ATHONITE
Xiyovaiv evi avrwv, " Xa^wv dprov ^eovra diroKO/xiaov rto
vavKXi^pip Kai rw d/Sjia fi/xwv." wy ovv fjKOvaev' o rov oikov
Kvpios irepl roO aj8/3a, Xeyei rots vavrais " Kvpioi /xov,
iXQerw 6 irarr/p, Kai evXoytjaarw i/xe ae Kai rov viov /xov,
on ^Sr] rw Qavarie irpoaeyyi^o/xev r^ j^aXeTr^ ravrrj, ws
Spare, dppwariix ireptireaovres." rovrwv UKOvaavres eKetvoi
direXdovres dv^yyeiXav tw d/S/Sa' rijv aKpav Se raireivwaiv
irepiKei/xevos Kal /xr/ deXwv eavrov i/x(pavtaat, iropevQrjvai
ovv avTois OVK i^ovXero' /xaQwv Se on els avras Karrjvrtjaav
rov Qavdrov irvXas, KarrjCpeicov a/xa Kal aKvQpwird^wv /xer
avrStv Sffivvae rhv oSov. wy ^e rfj Qvpa rov oikov irpoar/y-
yiaav, rov irarpos ro " ^arjoe " tw olKoSeairorij (pOey^a/xevou,
evOvs Kal irapa^xprj/xa, wairep iK ^apvrarov Kapov els eavrov
yevo/xevos, dveOwpe rrjs KXivrjs 6 daOevwv, Kal ireawv irpos
TOVS iroSas rov oaiov, Koii rovrovs /xera SuKpvwv irepiirrva-
ao/xevos, dvearr] ippw/xevos Kal vyi^s, irapaSd^ov tvx<^v rrjs
laaews. iiriXafio/xevos Se rrjs roil oalov j^ej^oy, SieSpa/xe
iravra ra rwv daQevovvrwv KXiviSia, koi iroiovvros rov
oaiov rr/v iv Xpiarw acppayiSa, evQews Iwvro oi r^ voaw
KariaX^tl'^^voi. laaa/xevos ovv irdvras rovs iv rw oIkw
dppiiarovs aiiQis virearpe^Y^v els rb irXolov, dv^yyeiXav Se
iravra ra irap avrov yevo/xeva rip vavKXr/pip ol vavrai, kou
SeSwKores So^av tw Qeip, ireaovres a/xa irpoaeKvv^aav avrw.
6 ovv olKoSeairortis, 6 r^s Idaews tuj^wi/ irdvoiKi, Xa^wv
aprov Kai oivov Kcxi eXaiov, irapeyevero els rb irXoiov,
rats olKeiais X^l"""' Sia^aardi^wv airrd' 6 Se /xeyas irarr/p
ij/xwv Tlerpos Trjv /xev avrov irpoaiveaiv aireSe^aro, Xa^eiv
Se avra oij irapeSex^ro. Kal ireawv irpbs rovs iroSas avrov
a/xa TOIS avveXQovaiv avrw eKXaiov o/xov iriKpws, Xeyovres
" SovXe yv^aie tov Xpiarov, el /xtj /xiKpdv ravrr/v evXoyiav
eK rwv x^'/ow" wwv XiJ-v//-!?, ovSe avrol iraXivoarov/xev iv r^
okla ^/xwv." /xoXis Se ireiaQels 6 irar^p, twj/ iv rip irXoiip
irdvTwv Svawirrjadvrwv irpbs rovro, Xa^eiv avra KareSe^aro'
Kal x^^'povTjs v^earpe^^av els rbv oIkov avrwv evxapi-
8, arovvtes rw Qew koI rip rovrov Oepdirovn. rovrwv ovrw
'^^^.^^^^°^ yevo/xevwv, kuI tov Kvpiov So^daavros iv iraai rbv tSiov
Theoto- olKenjv, rSiv iKetae iirdpavres ol vavriKol r^s iirl rb irpoaa
kos, and iropeias etxovro. h Se f/ /xev rpoipi] rov /xaKapiov irarpos

APPENDIX TO CHAPTER I 25
ev Tip irXoiip, air eairepas ety eairepav, ovyKia aprov r/ Se the reve-
iroais airo rov QaXarrlov vSaros evbs /xiKpov 8avKaXiov. Ration of
^^%/ ?/ «/ y 3f * f / Mount
Kai ciaiTAevaavres ^/xepas iKavas, Kai ev rivi *i(rvx<p roirip j^^hos,
irpoaop/xoQevres,^ /xiKpov /xeraaxii^v virvov 6 Qeorpopos Tlerpos
opif Ttjv iravaxpavrov QeoroKov /xerd rtvos virep^aXXovarjs
a'lyXtjs (paveiaav, koI rbv /xeyav NiKoXaov alSoi Kal (po^ip
Kai avaroX^ irX^aiaZovra, kui iKeriKSis Xeyovra avr^
" Seairoiva rov iravrbs Kal Kvpia, iireiirep rbv SotiXov aov
TOVTOV rrjs j^aXex^y iKeivr/s alxfxaXwaias iXevQepHaai ijQe-
Xriaas, Svawirr/Qtiri viroSei^ai rovrip Kal roirov, iv w rov
viroXoiirov rrjs ^wrjs avroij SiareXeaet ¦xpdvov, rd (plXa 0ew
Siairparrwv." Kal arpaipetad (prjai irpbs avrbv fj QeoroKOs
" ev Tw rov "AQa opei earai tj dvdiravais avrov, oirep els
KXijpov e/xov alrr/aa/xivri elXrjipa irapa rov i/xov viov Kal
Qeov, oirws oi rwv Koa/xiKwv dvax<^povvres avyxyaewv, Kal
TWI/ irvev/xariKwv, oatj Svva/xis, dvrexd/xevoi, Kal rb i/xbv
aXr]Qei(X koi iriarei Kal SiaQeaei "^oxjis eiriKaXov/xevoi ovo/xa,
Tr/v re irapovaav Xwhv d/xept/xvov Siavvwai, koI rrjv /xeXXovaav
Sl epywv Qeapearwv KXripovo/xwai. irdvv ydp iirirepirws
ej(0) TOKTOi;,^ Kal Xlav /xov ro irvev/xa iir avrw iirevcppaiverai,
Kai yap aacpHs diSa on earai irore ore irX^aQyaerai rov
ray/xaros rwv /uoi/aj^wi/ dir' aKpwv ewy aKpwv avrov, Kai ro
eXeos rov i/xov viov Kal Qeov, ei ye Kal avrol twi/ awrr/piwv
evroXwv dvrexovrat, ety rbv av/xiravra alSsva dir avrwv ov
SiaaKeSaaQ^aerai. Kal irXarvvw avrovs iirl vorov Kal
^oppdv to!) elpri/xevov opovs, Kal KaraKvptevaovaiv axrrov
airo QaXaaarjs ewy QaXaaaris, kui ro ovo/xa avrwv ev iraarj
Trj v(pr]Xitp irepi^otiTOv Qr/aw, Kal rwv SiaKaprepovvrwv ev
avrw virepaairiw." dXX* opa /xoi irds 6 iraparvyxo-vwv
TwSe rw Sitiy^/xan Seairorov /xev aKpav (piXavQpwiriav,
SovXov Se av/xiraQeiav koI aropy^v irpbs 6/x6SovXov, Kal
Seairoivrjs irpbs olKerrjv KtjSe/xoviav Kal irpoaraaiav ivvoei
Se /xoi Kal rrjv rov oaiov Tlerpov dKpaicpvearartiv irianv,
ijns iravra ra Svax^p^ Karev/xapiae, Kai rriv evx*iv riv
^v^aro rip Kvpiip diroSoQrjvai ireiroir/Ke. SivirviaQeis ovv o
/xaKapios dK/xaiav en rhi' oirraaiav ex^v tivx<xpiaTriae np
Oeip, Kal rrj iravayvip rovrov /xr/rpt, Kai rip fxeyaXip irarpi
NiKoXdip. ^v Se wpa wael Tplrti, Koi irvev/xaros iirKpopov
* sie cod. ' sie cod.

26 PETER THE ATHONITE

Sl J'J

4, Tvxovres eiropevovro j^atpoi/Tcy eyyiaavrwv de >?d>; tw TOy
His am- '^0^ OjOOi/y UKporripiip, cufpvris earn to irXoroi/, tou dve/xov
Mount en irveovros Kal rd larla irXripovvros, Kal Siriiropovv oi
Athos. vavriKoi, irpbs dXXijXow XeyoiTey " rl Spa ian ro ati/xelov
rovro, Kcu ris f/ irapdSo^os avnj Kaivoro/xia, on ev roaovnp
xda/xan ireXayovs, dve/xov iirirriSeiov ovros, ro aKa(pos earri
irap' eXiriSa rrjs iirl ro irpoaw iropeias ; ravra airopovv-
rwv avToov /xeya areva^as e(pri irpos avrovs b ayios " reKvla
QeXovra fxaOeiv /xe Kai epwroCvra, e'lirare /xojl, laws yap rrjs
Siairopr/aews v/xwv eirCXvttis eao/xai, ris fl KK^ais rov roiroV
rovrov ; " ol Se eiirov " ro ayiov ianv opos, n/xie irarep,
oirep dpxfiQev rriv tov "A-Qw eiXti<pe irpoatiyopiav." /cat
Xe-yet avrois " rdxa Si e/xe ro arj/xeiov rovro yeyove
ari/xepov, Kal et /xij ev np roirip rovrip e^eveyKavres idarp-e
/xe, irepairepw irpo^ijvai ov SvvaaQe." ol Se SaKpvai avax^-
Qevres, ra laria X'dXaaavres rrj y^ irpoafiyyiaav, Kal
rovrov /xer oSvp/xwv Kai Qp^vwv iK^aXXovres elaaav iKetae,
Xeyovres avrw bn " /xeyaXris aKeirris Kai fioriQeias varepfi-
Qri/xev a^/xepov, aov SiaipeQevros fj/xwv." Kal 6 ayios irpbs
avrovs " ri ovrws dXoXi/^ere, Kal eavrovs Karaairapdaaere,
reKva, St e/xe rbv irdaris d/xaprias dvdirXeov ; 6 Qebs 6
ipiXavQpooiros, 6 iravraxov irapwv Kal rd irdvra irXijpwv,
avros Kal vjxiv avvoSevaei, Kal iv irdarj dyaQ.oepyiii rrip^aei,
Kd/xol X"/"" ^oriQeias ope^ei dirapxhv iroiov/xevip iroXirelas
Qeo(ptXovs. ovrws elircov, koi rov iv Kvpiw SeSwKws avrois
aairaa/xov rpirov eireAapero rris vrios, Kai tw n/xiip (rravpip
arppayfiaas, Kal eireiirwv " iropeveaQe dSeXipol iv elp^vri, 6
.,«. - ' " fl' f - ?» »>-/ I 1 \ J/O 1 \ 01 ' -
IV, 1, Kvpios eiti /xeQ v/xwv, e^eire/x-^ev eis ra iSia. airo Se rrjs
His cave aKpopeias e/cetV^jy to dvwibepes T^y oSov Kal SvaBarov
on Mount .ft"^-' \a- o ^fl^ > / / o/ . /
Athos full 'OjOWTt iroXXip dieXtiajv Kai Koirip, irpos n ireSlov eyevero
ofvermin 6/xaXbv Kal evdepov, Kal /xiKpbv rwv irovwv dveQeis, irdXiv
devils, Vp^aTO Siepxd/xevos irepiaKoireiv rbv roirov iv ip r/ dvdiravais
avrov earai. iroXXovs Se x^pof^ovs Kal vdiras Kal ytiXo-
(povs SieXQiiv eSpe air^Xaiov irdvv /xev aKoreivov, vXrj Se
$aQeia irepiearoixia-/xevov, ev w roaovrov epirerwv ea/xbs
^v, wy virep^aiveiv ovpaviwv dareptev irXijQos, Kal QdXarriav
d/x/xov, fxeO' (Sv Kal Sai/xovwv ivecpwXevov irXfjQri, ol roaovrov
ijyeipav a/x9jvos ireipaa/xwv rip dyiip wy /xf/re yXSiaaav

APPENDIX TO CHAPTER I 27
X«>/oe*i' aipriyelaQai, /x^re oko'^ irapaSex^&Qai. rivd ydp
TWI/ T^y oXtis iKeivris Siare/xdov d r^v QeoS/xtirov eaKeirov
tov airtjXaiov Qvpav, KanpKriaev iv avrw evxapiarwv np
Kvpiip Kai i^o/xoXoyov/xevos vvKrbs Kal ^/xepas koI rds ei/x^?
Qep/xiUs dvairi/xirwv. ovirw Se rbv Sevrepov rrjs e^So/xdSos 2.
Toi; ayiov Kaipbv Stavvaavros, rb KaptepiKiirarov avrov ,,^ ^^^
y \ > » J. ' « ' < - ^ - ' o ' attempt
Kai roA/xrjpov /xr/ (pepwv o aei rots koXois eiripaaKaivwv of the
2aTav, dpas rriv iravarpandv avroi) /xerd jSeXwi/ Kal ro^wv, devils.
eiaeiai /xovos ev rw iKeivw rip airtiXalip, evQa 6 /xaxapios
TOV rrjs /xaprvpiKtjs dQXr/aews Sif/wev dyi^va, ol Se dXXoi
XiQovs ira/x/xeyeQeis, wairep KvXiovres e^wQev, /xerd <pwv5)v
Kai Kpavywv eire/xirov kut avrov, ware ravra opwvra rbv
ayiov Xe'yeti' oTt " iravrws irecpOoKe /xov ro irepas Kat ovKeri
TOIS ^watv dpiQ/xr/Q^ao/xai. koi 6 /xev irpoardrris rovrwv
evSov ^v rov airt]Xaiov, ^ Se aXXtj avrov iravoirXia rd ro^a
Karexovres iSoKovv ire/xireiv Kard rov oaiov (poviws' wy Se
rrj avwQev x'^P^ti daivris Sierripeiro, Xeyei iv eavrip
" e^eXevaw/xcu roS airrjXaiav koi yviaao/xai ris f/ roaavrrj
ftavia, Kai ri twv irvveiXey/xevwv rb avvray/xa." Koa i^eXQcov
eiSe Ta rrjs irovripias irvev/xara KvKXip rov airriXaiov ear wra,
Kal Kpavyais d(pop^rots koi (pofiepais o-^eaiv ot^iiSov Kar'
avrov iiriovra, koI to o/x/xa irpbs ovpavov dvareivas rrjv
QeoroKov exeicaXetTO Xiooy (rv/x/xaxiav, elp^Kws ovrws
" dyia GeoTOKe, fio^Qei rip SovXip aov." Kal d/xa rb
aKovaai rovs ivavriovs ro yXvKv Kal irepiiroQ^rov tj/xiv rrjs
deoroKov ovo/xa, evQvs Kal irapaxprj/xa yeyovaaiv aipavroi.
ei'Xero ovv iraXiv tS>v aywvwv 6 dytos eavrbv iKSeSwKws rw
airrjXaKp, kui irpoaevxofxevos eXe^e /xera Kpavyrjs lax^pas
" Kvpie 'Irjaov Xptirre, 6 Qeos /xov, /xrt iyKoraXiirris /xe," Kal
ovKen ^KOvovTO (pwval /xexpi Katpov rtvos. /xera ravra 3.
irevT^Kovra irapeXQovawv ^/xepwv, irdXiv rw irporepip xpw^- "f^'^^"-
/xevoi axfi/xan oi ToiXaiirtopoi o'jrXt^ojn-at Kar avrov, Kal of the.
Kivovai irdv epirerov lofidXov koi iravra ra Qrjpia a ^v ev devils.
Tw Ojoet, icat /xer avrwv ayovaiv iv rip airrjXaiw. Kat ra
/xev airrwi/ evOev xdKeiQev rpexetv iiroiovv ol dXiT^ptot, ra
Se ¦xpia/iaai ¦xpdaQai koi ^wvra ireipdaQai Karairteiv rov
SiKaiov, dXXa Se epireiv koi avpirretP Kal pXompov opdv
irapeaKeial^ov.. dXXo /cat irdXiv TOi^owy tovs daQevets kui

28

PETER THE ATHONITE

4,
Third
attemptofthedevils.

iKvevevpta/xevovs tw ari/xeiip rov aravpov, Kat rrj eiriKXriaei
rod ovo/xaros rod Qeov /cat T^y d^xpavrws ^ tovtov reKovaris
/xrirpbs iravras iipvyaSevae. 'xpovov ovv irXripwQevros evos,
Kal ^avxlav daKovvros rov /xeydXov irarpbs fi/xHov Tlerpov,
Kal oai] Svva/xis avrw KaQaipovvros ra rov ixQpov vyw/xara
Kal rexyaa/xara, Seivov iroteirai o dXaarwp rriv rov irarpos
fipe/xlav /cat ovk dveKTOv. Kal opa oia avrw /xe/xtixavevrav
/xeraaxtJfxartaQels yap 6 Sai/xwv els eva twi/ olKeiaKwv
iraiSwv avrov Spo/xaiws epxerai irpos ro air^Xaiov, Kai
dvaiSSiS irepiirrv^a/xevos, avrov (piXetv viroKptvo/xevos b rov
/xiaovs dvdirXeos, KaQiaas ijp^aro KXaieiv Kal Xeyeiv ovrws'
" dxtiKoa/xev, Kvpte fi/xwv, iriSi>s /xev ev np iroXe/x(p KparriQets
irpbs rbv ^a/xapdv dirrivexQeiS, /cat Tp /ca/c^ Kal XpipwSri
iKelvri eipKT^ irapeSoQris, ir5)s Se 6 Qeos evxais rov ira/xpa-
Kapos irarpbs fj/xSov NtKoXaov rod (ppovpiov iKeivov wcro-
irdXirro^ iK^aXdov Tp twi/ 'Pw/xaiwv yrj ae diroKareanjae,
Sib /cat iravres oi iv rw o'iKtp aov, a/xa i/xol rw /xaXiara
ireptKaio/xevip rriv KapSiav, arjs Qeas Kal 6/xiXias eveKev
irevQovaiv dirapriyopijra' TroXXay Se iroXeis Kal Kw/xas on
irXeiaras SiaSpa/xovres ovk laxyaa/xev rrjs icpeaews iirirv-
Xeti/, Kal ro iroQov/xevov ri/xiv KanSeiv irpdawirov, diropifx Se
avax^Qivres, SaKpvai /cot Sefiaeai rbv /xeyav iiriKaXov/xeQa
Nt/co'Xaoi/, iKXiirapovvres, to yXvKvrare, diroKaXv'^ai ri/xiv,
oirovirep av §y, rov KeKpv/x/xevov ae Qr/aavpov' /cat oi3
irapeiSev ri/xHv to dva^iov 6 iv irdai Qep/xos, dXX' direKdXv^e
raxtrrra, ra Kara ae (pavepwaas. vvv ovv, Kvpie /xov, UKOvaov
/xov, Kat iropevQw/xev els rov oikov fi/xwv (oiSas Se koI avrbs
ws wpaios Kat irepiKaXX^s iari) koi 'iSwai irdvres rb avrois
ae iroQov/xevov irpdawirov, Kal So^aaQrj Qebs iv d/xiporepois
'''\OJ-V/ \oif / ' \ tr , I
o aet ooi^aip/xevos. irepi Oe riavxias /xri earw aot (ppovns,
/ca/cet 7a|0 Kal /xovaarfiptd elai ird/xiroXXa /cat ^avxaar^pia,
iv ois rbv diravrd aov j3iov fiavxaariKws Siavvaeis. dXkd
Kal avrbs irpbs avrrjs rrjs dXriQeias Xeye. /xot, ri twv Svo
/xaXtara Qeos Qepaireverat ; dvaxwp^aei Koa/xov Kal ipj]/xl^
Kal tjavxia, rp Te twv diroppdywv irerpcov Kal (papdyyatv
tovtwv Siarpi^^, iv ois aavrbv /xovov, rdxa S" ovSe eavrov
^Kiara laCpeX^aeias, n dvQpwirwv SiSaaKaXta /cat oSriyiix /cat
T?y irpos avrov eirtarpo(p^ ck T^y 7rXav»;y ; eywye ot/xai wy
* »»c. ' «c cod.

APPENDIX TO CHAPTER I 29
/xids Y^X?? e/c irXdvris oSov avr^s iiriaTporpr/ ttoXXwv
eptj/xiKwv virepaKOvTiaei dyHvas, /cat /xaprvpei /xoi rip Xoyip
o Xeiywv ' o ava'ywv a^iov i^ dva^iov wy aro/xa /xov earai.'
TToXXa Se irXj^Qri iv rw rdirip ^/xwv elatv del iv /xvpiois
iraQeai irXavw/xeva, /cat xpv^o*'<''tv et/coTwy tow (Uera Qebu
avrois ^or/Qf/aovros' /xvpios ovv diroKeiaerai aot /xiaQos, et
ye rovs irXavw/xevovs iXQwv iiriarpi'yetas irpos Qeov. XofTrov
ovv ri /xiXXei ; ri rriv /xerd rov oXoKapSiws (ptXovvros ae
olKerov dvaSvr/ bSov •" ravra rod Sai/xovas Xeyovros koI
dXXa rivd /xerd SaKpvwv, r/p^aro SiarapdrreaQai /cat 6 dytos,
Kal SaKpvai ^pex<t>v, rb irpdawirov (pijai irpbs aiirbv " ev rw
Toirip T0VT(p OVK ayyeXos ovk avQpwiros ecpepe /ne, dXX'
avros 6 Qeos, kui r/ irava'xpavros avrov /xrjrrip ij QeoroKOS,
Kai el /xri T? e/cetvwv yvw/xr/ /cat irporpoiry tHIiv iaSe xWjOtffSw,
aXXwy ov xti^pi^o/xai." d/xa Se rb dKovaai rbv Sai/xovci rb
trjs QeoroKOV ovo/xa evQews arpavros yeyove, koll Qav/xaaas o
dytos rr/v aKaiwpiav rov Sai/xovos, rriv iv Xpianp a<ppayiSa
ireirotijKcos, iraXtv ^avx<xae. vijareia Se xP^<''«Me>'oy Kal 5.
iyKpareitf iroXXrj, /cat irpoaevxais dvevSorois axoXd'^wv, els P^ .
OKpov eCpQaae raireivwaews Kai /xerpoV ayair^s elXiKptvods of the
/cat vooy KaQaporrira' Stb Kal aCpoSpa ^Sri/xovei koi eairevSev devils,
o ira/xirovr/pos rov rovov avrov xa^-wfo'j f«' Trjs eiri ro
KpeiTTOV poirijs dvaareiXai, kuI /xerd irapaSpo/xr/v xpdvwv
eirra ety ayyeXov (pctrros /xeraax^f^orrtaQeis, iairaa/xevrjv
eXwv ev Tp X^ipi- po/x(paiav, earr/ irXr/aiov rris rov airrjXaiou
oirrjs, Kal KoXeaas aiirbv i^ ovo/xaros ecpr/ " TIerpe, Qepairov
Xpiarov, e^eXQe koi dvayyeXw aoi Xoyovs /caXoi/y," /cot
Xeyei 6 ayios " av ris et o Xo-yovy /xot dvayyeiXai virtaXyov-'
/xevos (i(peXi^/xovs ', " koI 6 irovr/pos " iyco el/xi Kvptov o
dpxtrrTpdrijyos, koi direardXiiv irpos ae. laxye ovv /cat
dvSpi^ov KOI xatjoc f ot a-yoXXto, on Qpdvos Qeios ^roi/xaarai
Kal areipavos d/xapavnvos. vvv ovv rov roirov rovrov
KaraXiircov iropevQtiri iv nS Koa/xip ety arfipty/xa Kal
loCpeXetav iroXXwv Kvptos ydp 6 Qebs rhv irriyriv i^^pave
TOV vSaros rr/v irXr/aiov aov, Sta ras twv Qr/piwv Kat epirerStv
iiriSpo/xds Toy Kara aov yivo/xevas, oirws diro'^vEwatv vSaros
/xri /xetexovta." ?v ^e 6 irdvaocpos iv /co/ct'a owToy irpo-
airoaTei^as Sai/XQVci KwXvovra, /cat SiaKarexovra rriv rov

30 PETER THE ATHONITE
vSaros pv/xr/v. rovrtov aKovaas b ayios e^rj iv raireiviSaet
" ris el/xi iyw 6 kvwv, iva ay-yeXoy Kvpiov eXQ^ irpos /xe ;
Kal b Sal/xwv, " fxh Qav/xaarjs' iv ydp rois Kaipois rovrois av
vevlKriKas /cat Mwo-^v /cat 'HXt'av kcA Aavi^X, /cot /xeyas
eKXijQijs iv ovpavois Std rb reXetov T^y viro/xovrjs aov' rbv
ydp 'HXiov virep^e^r/Kas Tp datritx, rbv AavirjX rots epirerots
Kal Qripiois, rov 'Iw/3 Tp Kaprepia. vvv ovv avaaras Qeaaai
rr/v rov vSaros Xei'Yiv, Kal Toxewy e^eX^wv twv w^e aireXQe
iv /xovaarr/piots rots iv rw Koa/xtp, KOKei eao/xai /xera aov, Kal
tocpeX^aw iroXXouy Sta aov, Xeyei Kvpios iravroKparwp." Kal
6 dyios " iyw, yivwaKe, eav /xri eX0p ij ev irao-t avvepyovaa
/xot QearoKos, /cot 6 Qep/xos rtiiv iv avayKais apwyos Nt/co'-
Xooy, TWV w^e ovk d(piara/xat." a/xa Se to dKOvaai rrjs
QeoroKOv rb ovo/xa evQvs i^ ocpQaX/xiitiv iyevero rov dylov 6
Sal/xwv, Kal yvovs ra rexvaa/xara rov Sia/3dXov 6 dyios
Kat rriv^avro!) iv diraaiv daQeveiav, irpoativ^aro irpbs Kvpiov
Xeywv ovrws " 6 /xev ixQpds, Kvpie 'Irjaov Xptare b Qeos
/xov, (apvo/xevos ireptepxerai ^pTwv Karairteiv /xe, dXXd av rrj
Kparata X^tpi aov irepirppovpeis /xe, rov SovXov aov, Sib koi
6. evxo.piaTw aot, on ovk airearr/s air e/xov. ' ravra Xeywv r/ai-
Thfi vision \— ./ ./9 ^'jl ' ?'— p
ftli X"""^' *•"" "^V e^eivris ri/xepa' vvkti ,a(pvirvwaavros avrov, wy
Theoto- elwQei, /xixpov, (paiverai avrip ^ raxeia rSov Xpianavtev ^ofj-
S?^ *?l,i i, ^^'«j V (piXdvQpwiros QeoroKos, d/xa Nt/coXaw tw /xeydXw, /cat
the gift oil \ \ ¦> ¦^ cc •> ^ -- «si\'' ''^'fl*
manna. 9""'"' "'jOo? oktov airo rov vvv /xr/ oeiXtaaris, o yap Qeos
/xera aov ian Kai avavrr/p-firws^ avpiov diroare'KXerai
dyyeXos rpocpiiv ovpaviav ko/xIZwv aoi' rovro Se irporera-
y/xivos earl Kara reaaapaKOvr^/xepov dirb r^s SeSpo iroieiv,
viroSeitei Se aot /cot to /xdvva irpbs rpocp^v." Kal ravra
etirovres, Kat rriv elp^vr/v avr^ SeSwKores dvex^priaav. b Se
ireawv irpoaeKvv^ae rov roirov evQa ot irdSes auTwv taravro,
Kal rrj iiravpiov epxerai b dyyeXos i/xj/'w^ev iiri(pep6/xevos
rds ovpaviovs rpoipds, /cat viroSei^as rb /xdvva, /ca0wy iJ
7, QeoroKOS vireaxero, direarri dir' avrov. evxapiar^aas Se
fifty-three '^^, ^T '^"' 7^ tovtov^ /xr/rpl fiavxaae Kara/xdvas daKwv,
years of fO' Tay evxas rip Kvpiw diroSiSovs erri irevr^Kovra rpta,
hia life, i^eXiirov Se /cot al irvKval (pavraaiat rov SiafidXov /cot twv
dyyeXwv aiVow Tp toi" Qeov avvepyeiei /cot av/x/xa'xia. iv
Se rots ToaovTois xP°vots ovx edapaKe ipvaiv dvQpdirov,
' Kai rriv vel w ttiv (sine accent.) sic cod. * sic cod.

APPENDIX TO CHAPTER I 31
OVK 9V avnp rpoipri irXijv tov ;uai/va, ovk evSv/xa, ov aKeirti,
OVK aXXo Tl TWV oaa 'Xpv^^t rb rwv dvQpwirwv yevos, dXXd
/xovov TOV ovpavov exwv areyrfv, koi rriv yrjv ayairw/xevov
kXiviSiov, ovrws eiraveiravero b /xaKdpios' iv Kav/xan /xev
Kaio/xevos, ev dve/xip Se Kal x'"'"^' "^^vxd/xevos, /cot ravra
iravra vire/xeivev virep dyQpayirov Sta rriv /xeXXovaav /xtaQ"
airoSoaiav. ore ovv ^QiXr/aev 6 Kt/jOtoy (pavepooaai, oi/rov V, I.
Tois dvQpwirois olKovo/xiav roudvSe rbv rpdirov yeveaQai ^'^ ^**7
/ fl / > '>• ' - ' < J. / covery by
irapeaKevaae. vripevrrjs Tty to rotpv avrov Kat rrjv (paperpav ^ jmnter.
Xa^iev i^rjXQe Qripevaat Kard rb opos' "jroXXay ^e Xoy/xas
(papay^i ^aQeiats ivairoKpri/xvovs kou rds vXwSeis paxias
TOV opovs irapa/xef^d/xevos, iyevero kut e/cetvo ,to /xepos,
evQa b ay tos rriv dyy^iK^v iJo-Trd^eTO iroXtreiavi^ Kal rbv
ovpaviov ^v i/xiropev6/xevos irXovrov, /cot ISov ira/x/xeyeQr/s
eXa<pos TOV irXriatd^ovros rw airrjXaiw . Spv/xov i^eXQdov
aKiprHv irws ^Xoto ivdiriov rov Qr/pevrov' ISdiv Se eKetvos
virep/xeyeQij re ovra /cot acpoSpa wpaiov, toXXo ttovto
/coToXfjrwv ^KoXovQei rovro e(p oXrjv rriv fi/xepav, wairep
Se e/c irpovoias rtvos 6 eXa(pos bSr/yov/xevos iXQOav earrj
iiravw rov airrjXaiov, Karivyos Se /SatvovToy tou Qripevrov,
Kal irepiaKoirovvros iroi(p rpoirip ireptyevtjrai rov ^diov,
(paiverai ovtw ev TOty Se^tois /xepeai dreviaavn dvr/p ^aQvs
/xev Ttiv vir^vriv, /cat Toy T^y KecpaX^s rpixets At^XP' T^y
yupTjOay KaQie/xevas e'xwv, to ^e Xoiirov aw/xa dirav yeyv/xvn)-
/xevov Kal iravros iarepij/xevov ivSv/xaros' ov iSiav Kal rip
irapaSd^ip rot) bpd/xaros eKirXr/Kros yeyovds, iSeiXiaae
a(p6Spa, Kal ro Q^pa/xa KaraXiiriav oirtaQop/xijTOs eir/, Kat
^evyeiv oari Svva/xis rjp^aro. ewpuKWS Se rovrov 6 /xaKaptos
(pvy^ Xpriaa/xevov (pr/ai irpos avrov /xeyaXri Tp ^wvp " Tt
ipo^rj ; Tl rapdrrri ; ri /xe (pevyets, dSeXcpe ; /cayw avQpwiros
el/xt, wy Kal av, /cot ov (pda/xa Sai/xoviov wy vireXa^es, Sei)po
irpos /xe, Kal eyyiaov, /cot ovoyyeXw aoi iravra ra Kar
i/xe, ety rovro yap direaretXe ae 6 Kvptos." i/xcpo/Sov Se
TOV dvSpbs viroarpi'^avros Kal Qa/x^ovs irXripovs, dairaaa-
/xevos b irarhp f «' Qappeiv vporpe^a/xevos, Kad' etp/xov Kai
rd^tv Kal dKoXovQiav iravra ra av/x/3e^t}Kora avrip av^yyeiXe
Tip dvSpi' rriv re KaQeip^iv aUrov rriv iv rip ^a/xapa, koi
T^v dvdppvatv rriv Sid tov . /xeyaXou . irarp.ps Nt/coXoou

32 PETER THE ATHONITE
yevo/xevriv, Kal rip iroiw rpoirip Kar(pKfiaev iv rip opei, Kai
irHs irapa twv Sat/xdvwv Siacpdpws iiroXe/xr/Qri, kui Trwy
irpecpero virb rov oiyyeXoUj koli Trwy irapeax^v avrw ro
fxdvva 6 K.vptos, Kal oirws rrj rovrov kui /xovr/ rpo(pp
SiripKeaev eVp TrevTiJ/covTO rpia, /cot oTrXwy ttovto rov ptov
8, oi/roi/ Steadrpriae rip dvSpi. iKirXayels Se iKeivos iirl rots
iue euBui eipri/xevffts, KUl evveos yevo/xevos e0ri np aytip, wv eyvwv
onthe »' r , tl ' \ '. rs yr ft
hunter, oti Kvptos eireaKey^aro /xe, kui vireoei^e /xoi, w irarep,
KeKpv/x/xevov ae tov avrov Qepairovra, Kayw rotvvv /xera
aov eao/xai dirb rov vvv, SovXe rod Qeov, Kat avv aot rbv
awn^piov Stavvaw dywva" b Se (pr/al irpos avrov " ovx
ovrws earai, tbkvov, dXXa irpiirrov direXQe ev rw otKip aov,
Kal TO iiriXayx<xvov aoi /xepos rrjs irarpiKrjs KXr/povo/xias
SiaSos rots Seo/xevots, dirdaxov re otvov, Kat Kpewv, Kat
rvpov Kal eXaiov, Kal irpb rovrwv rrjs ISias yvvaiKOs, koi
iirt/xeX^Qr/n evx'O'V, /cdt irpoaoxjjs, Kal "^vxfjs avvrerpt/x/xev^s
rovrov rov xpdvov, Kal /xera ro reXos avrov iXQe irpos
/xe, Kal el ri /xoi Kvpios 6 Qeos oTro/coXi/Yet, touto /cot
<yeviJ(TeTat." ravra elircov, Kal rriv evx*IV avrov wy appa^wva
Sovs np Qripevr^, direareiXev els ra "Sta elp^Kds, " av /xev iv
elpivji iropevov, Te/cvov,TO ^e /xvar^piov (pvXarre,Qr]aavpbs ydp
(pavepov/xevos euoXwroy earai KXeirrats, Kai eveirrxeipriros."
3, icot aireXQUiV b Oripevrris rov /xev xpdvov iKeivov eiroir/ae
The dis- KaQvos eiirev b dytos, fteTO ^e t^v crv/xirX^pwatv rrjs ivroXrjs,
covery ot.^^ ra * -o/ ^ ^ \ a^ 'o-vo.'
the relics Xapwv /xed eavrov ovo /xovaxovs Kat rov lOtov adeX(pov,
of Peter iiropevOriaaV d/xa evpovres irXoidpiov, Kal Sr/ iv oXiytp
hunter KaOoop/xiaav iv rip dKpoQrivitp, /cat T^y bSov iroQw ttoXXw
d'>\rd/xevoi, dvepxovrai els to airrlXaiov, Kal Qea /xot, <3
(piXorris, TO rrjs Qeias olKOvo/xias dirdppt}rov, irpoXa^wv
yap irdvras b Qripevrr/s, are Sri Kal X,^X(p Qep/xorepip kivov-
/xevos, eipe rov /xuKaptov TeQveSira, koI rds x«jO«? aravpoetSws
SeSe/xevas exovra, Kal rovs o(pQaX/xovs evax^lfxdvws /ce/coXi//*-
/xevovs, Kai ro Xoiirov aw/xa ae/xvws iirl yrjs Kei/xevov /cot
iaxifxana/xevov. ISiJov Se o'vrws rbv dytov Kei/xevov rrj Xvirri
wairep eKirXr/KTOS yeyovtos, rats X^j"""' Kpovaas rb irpdawirov
eireae x"/*"'} ol/xwy^ Koii KXavQ/xois Kal oSvp/xots avvexd/xevos.
/xera /xiKpbv Se Koi oi avveXQovres avrip /xovaxol KaraXa-
^ovres iKetae, /cat to Tre^t rpy SiSaxns Kal vovQealas Ka\

APPENDIX TO CHAPTER I 33
evToXpy tow ci'ytou /cot tou ^lov avrov elirdvros avrois /uera
SaKpvwv rov Qripevrov, eKXavaav Kal airol iriKpws arepriQevres
Tijs avrov o/xiXias Kal evx>js- b ovv rov Qr/pevrov dSeX(pos 4,
irvev/xari KareixeTO dKaQdprip, /cot d/xa rb irpoaeyyiaai 3^ ? ^^^^
Kai a^^aaQai rov Xei^dvov ^v ISeiv (po^epwrarov Qea/xa' hunter's
airapay/xol yap avvexeis rb aija/xa aijroi) KaTeairdpaTTOv,^^°^^^-
01 re ocpQaX/xoi avro!) vcpat/xoi iyevovro Kal Staarpocpoi,
TO Se aro/xa irX^pes dcppov, /cot toiTwv Touy o^dvToy 6/3oo
Xeiywv "w HeTjoe, ovk dpKei aot r5)v irevr^KOvra rpiwv
Xpovwv 6 Stwy/xbs ov iiroir/aas ety i/xe, i^eiioaas /xe rod
airrjXaiov, dXXa /cat vuv ^ovXei /xe /cat TouTpy e/c^tw^ot
Tpy KaroiKtas /xov; ovk aKovaw aov, ovS' otj /xr/ i^eXQw."
Kat ^Xeirovrwv rwv earriKorwv iyevero (patSpd Tty /cat
¦jrejot/coXX^y f/ rod dylov o\|/-ty, /cot iroXXa airdpa^av Kal
Siarapa^av avrov ro rijs /ca/ct'ay Sai/xovtov direarri wael
Kairvos airo rod ard/xaros rod dvQpiiirov, oy 7reo-wv eTrt T^y
yrjs dcpaaia Kareixero /cat d(pwvi(x, veKpod /xijSev Siacpepwv,
iiriKaXeaa/xevwv Se ras evxds rod lepod yepovros /cat Tpv
Sl' auTwv ^o^Qeiav rod Qeov f/yepQri ippw/xevos Kal awcppoviov,
elirwv rip ISiip dSeX(pip, " evxaptarS) aoi, Kvpie /xov Kal
dSeXipe, on Std aod ev /coXw ^XQov SSe, Kal ravrris ws bpas
ervxov laaews." X^pd roivvv /cot SaKpvai rb rl/xiov avrov VI, 1,
dpd/xevoi Xei'^avov, eieaav iirl rb irXolov /cot elaeXQdvres •^"® J^"'^'
» 5 -V ^ .0^ > - ' ' X o - ^' ney 01 the
ev auTw ^vvov rriv ooov outwv, t^v eTTt poppav irapairXeovres reucs to
rod opovs irXevpav. Kar olKOvo/xiav Se Qeov earr] ro irXoiov Clemen-
»-.\/ia/ / - -9* / tos,
ev tw TreXoyet ev to-w yevo/xevov rris /xovi]S, py p irpoariyopta
rd KX>?/UevToy. /xr/ Qav/xdar/re Se /xovrjs dKovaavres, p yap
rrjs OeoroKOV irpdpprjais ?^p irpofiaiveiv >ip^aro, /cot to
S^ Xeyo/xevov diro araydvos vSaros rrjs TiOiv KarotKovvrwv
ivSeias evapiQ/x^rov Kal dXiydr^ros, els ireXayos av^etv
airetpov /cat irXarva/xov Kal irXijQos ro vvvl (paivd/xevov
p TWV /coXwv avvepyos (pKovo/xr/ae irpovoiav, oQev evKaipov
eartv elireiv Kat ii/xds /xera rod elirdvros " wy /coXot aov
ot oIkoi 'laKtojS, al aKtjVai aov 'lapar/X, as eirr/^ev b Kvpios
Kal OVK avQpwiros." dirb (Spas Se rpirris ewy t0|0ay ivvarris,
Kal Kooirais 'Xpio/xevoi Kai iaria icpairXodvres, Kat ave/xov
iirir^Setov exovres /xeraKivrjaai rovro iKeiQev ovk taxyov.
Qpwvres Se oi rtjs elpi}/xev^s /uovpy /xovaxoi to re irXoiov
LAXE, H, A, ¦ C

34 PETER THE ATHONITE
/xr] /xeraKivov/xevov Kal robs iv avrip dvoy/cp /cot jSta XS"^
/xevovs rod irepairepw irpoievai, Kal daroxodvras, eKQa/x^oi
iyevovro, Kai olKetip iropQ/xttp ¦xpriaa/xevoi air^XQov irpos
avrovs, Kai iirvvQavovro irap' avrwv ri av QeXoi rodro elvai.
OVK i^ovXovro Se oiroi (pavepZaai avrois ro /xvarripiov,
dXXd irXaarais Kal y^evSeai ¦xp(i>/xevoi diroXoyiais eairevSov
rd rod irpdy/xaros StaaKeSdaat. iiriyvdvres Se oi /xovaxol
wy OVK aXriQrj Xeyovaiv aXX eiriirXaara, /xovov evevaav ro
irXotov irpos rriv /xovrjv, kui evQvs a(p eavrov eiropevQr] eiri
2, T^v yijv. i/x^pt/xi}aa/xevos Se avrois b irpoearws, /cot oTretXaty
t ri'* afpoSpordrais ¦xpr/ad/xevos, Kara Xeirrov e/xaQe iravra irapa
mentos, Tod Qripevrov, evQiis Se /xerd Kr/pHv Kal Xa/xirdSwv Spa/xdvres
^pav rb Xei^^lravov, koI KariQevro iv r^ e/c/cX>7«rta. koI ^v
iSeiv irdaav vdaov Spairerevovaav rwv rrjs /xovrjs dSeXipwv^
Kat rovs KaKcHis exovras dvQwpov Iw/xevovs' SiaSpa/xodaa Se
wairep Tty Krjpv^ r/ (prj/xt/ ov /xovov rovs iv tw "A-Qip dpei
avvriQpoiae /xovaxovs, oXXo St] /cot irX^Q^ direipa rrjs
ireptxwpov, KUl iravres Iwvro Kat iQepairevovro w S^irore
Kareixovro voa^/xan. Kal ^v X"/"" /xeydXri /cot dyoXXtatrty
ev re rots ev rip dpei Kal irdai rois e^wQev dQpoiaQeiai,
Kai /xera ravra ot Kara rov Katpov iKeivov dvres /xovaxol
Xa/3ovT6y TO ayiov Xei'^avov nyayov iv rip vdpQriKi rod
iravaeirrov vaod rrjs iravv/xv^rov QeoroKov, evQa elwQeiaav
rds irriaiovs avvd^ets iirireXeiv, Kal iroi^aavres dypvirvias
kolL v/xvwSias dKarairavarovs /xe^xpis ri/xepSiv eirra, KariQevro
iv rw, Se^tw /xepei rod vaod r^s Seairolvris ri/xiOsv QeoroKOV,
aXdi) Kal a/xvpvr/ /cot Siacpdpots dpia/xaai /xerd KaOapds
aivSdvos eiXtaavres, e?xov Se avrb ev /xeydXr/ n/x^, on Kal
3, Tpoo-oy ouTwv Toy voVouy iQepdireve /cat /UoXa/ct'oy, outw
Thfi tVipft. ''f -»/»«.» , „ •
f th '^^^ *""'' ''""" "7'*'" ^'' "^ots airavrwv aro/xaatv ovros, koi
relics Sia^o^rov rois Qav/xaai yevo/xevov, b Qripevrris d/xa rw ISiip
by the dSeXipS rds euxdy twv yepdvrwv ety iipdStov alrr/ad/xevoi,
mra^! T^v bSbv OUTWV iiropevQijaav xa/jOovTey, ol Se ye /xovd^ovres
eKetvoi, ol rip Qripevr^ avvava^dvres iv rip airriXaiip, KXoiro-
(pop^aai ro a5i/xa rod /xeydXov Tlerpov fiovXevad/xevoi,
iKpaXtp yvd/xr] Kal KeKpv/x/xevip irXda/xan irpoaireadvres,
Xeyovai rots irarpdai " yvwarbv earw v/xiv, Qeocpdpoi
irarepes, ies ovk d(piard/xeQa rod Qrjaavpod ov b Kvpios

APPENDIX TO CHAPTER I 35
oire/coXuYev vfxiv, dXXd /xer avrov /cot v/xHov rds Xoiirds ,
rj/xepas '¦ri/xwv Siavvao/xev." /cat twv irarepwv /xdXa irepixo^pcos
Seta/xevwv rbv Xoyov, ^aav ydp virep rds aXXay dperds
Tip airXaanp Koa/xov/xevot, /xiKpds e/cetvot irpoa/xeivavres
tl/xepas, elSores evQa reQairro b iran^p, vvktiXoxovs iveSpas
iroiriaavres, wairep rives rvfx^opvxot, rip rdipip irpoaeSpa/xov,
Kai rovrov (po^ip /cot airovS^ Stavoi^avres, rb ri/xtov eXojSov
Xetyovov Kal avv avrw Spo/xaioi rbv alyiaXbv ireCpQaKores,
ev aKartip irpoarotxiQivn i/x^avres, rod opovs (pvyaSes
(pXovro. rovrwv avriKoos Kal ouTOTT/jy 6 TOTretvoy e-yw
7'e'yovtoy Nt/coXooy eairevaa, et /cot /x>i irdvra, dXX' ovv
oXfyo Ttvo eKQeaQai, Kat tw irapdvn ivra^at avyypa/x/xan,
tos av elSeiev ol /xereireira rod Koa/xov dvo/cexwoij/coTey /cot
np opei rovrip irpoaop/xtaQevres, irws Set irepiirareiv avrovs,
Kat iroias avrex^aQai iroXtreias, Kat /xeQ' olwv ayiivwv koi
Ka/xarwv Kat irovwv ri rwv ovpavwv ^aatXela KXripovo/xeiraf
wy 01 ye avaireirrwKores, Kai Kar i/xe paOv/xodvres, Kai /xeya
rodro /xovov i/yov/xevoi ro payrjvai rod Koa/xov Kal twv ev
Koa/xip, ra S' dXXa dSeies Siairparrovres, ^yovv eiriKTijaeis
aKevHv iroiKiXwv Kal iroXvrt/xwv Kal dypwv Kal Krij/xarwv
Kal TWV dXXwv, o Toty (piXoKoa/xots /cot (ptXo/xepl/xvois elal
ireptairovSaara, irpbs rb /xrjSev eavrovs (io(peXijaai' /cot Touy
uKovovras Kat rovs bpwvras ra /xeyiara irepi^Xairrovat,
Kat ^Xaacpri/xeiaQat Si' avrwv rb rod Qeod irapaaKevd^ovatv
ovo/xa, iroXvKTrj/xoves dvrl aKry/xovwv ovo/xaXp/xevot, /cot tou
T^y yr/s irXovrov Kvpioi, Kai rod ovpaviov irXovrov aXXorpiot.
dXXd /xr] yevotrd riva twv dy^evSios diroraaao/xevwv rw ^l(p
rrjv ivavriav rSiv ivroXHiv iropeveaQat, rr/v arevriv Se /xdXXov
irpon/xdv rrjs irXarelas, Kal Tpv ireviav rod irXovrov, Kal rrjs
Sd^rjs rriv dSo^iav, Kal T?y irapovaris X«j0^r tiiv vo/xiXo/xevriv
iiriirovov Kaprepiav, Iva /cot tw irapdvn ^iip ro (pSis avrwv rod
^iov Stavyaari, Kai iv rw /xeXXovn rr/v dva(patperov KXripovo-
/x^awai j3aatXeiav, py ovSev rwv evradQa iroQeivdrepov ri ri/xtw-
repov, rots ye vovv exovai, Kat rriv oXp0etov irpoTi/xHijai rod
y^evSovs. dXX' eiravaXr/irriov avQis rov Xdyov, koi Str/yrireov VII, 1.
TO ueTo T»v KXoirnv rod Xefv//-avou tou Qeo(bdpov TroTpoy^",^.'!,^"''^
/ a r » ^ r , ^ ' r a' ^ outside
yevo/xeva aav/xara. apavres roivvv oi /xovaxoi, Kat) ov jiount
etTTOv rpdirov, rb aHo/xa Kariix^Wiv ety to x'^P'^^v ^wko/xiv, Athos.
c 2 . •^"^^^^

36 PETER THE ATHONITE
at Phg- TeXouv uiro to Qe/xa QpaKriv ^v Se irXriaiov rovrov irriyfi,
camin. ^^jj Trap' avr^ ro apiarov eroi/xaaavres, rriv /xev ir^pav
iv p to aoo/xa reQriaavpiaro rod dyiov, irapa (pvrod kXuSwv
dirrjiiopiiaav iXaias, avrol Se aijroaxeSlip Kal Xtrf] -xpiaa/xevoi
rpairi^rj evxo-ptar^aavres rjaQtov. ovirw Se rd /xeaa rod
dplarov rovrwv exdvrwv, ISov ira/xirXr/Qel oi rrjs X*^/""^
olK^ropes /xera yvvaiKiiv /cot iraiSwv epxovrai, eavrovs
airapaaaovres Kal dXaXorovTey, kou Tlerpov rbv /xeyav
2. diro rod A.Qm iXriXvQdra iiriKaXov/xevoi. rbv Se rpdirov
" 9, T^y roiavrris avrHov dXXoiooaews ov KaroKv^aw Stijy^aaaQai'
liarch / o7/-,</>Ti ^
devil aroa ns rjv apx^ia rns Kpr/vris ey'yuy, ev p oi /xovaxoi
at Pho- eavrovs e\/'UXov, ov /xovov S'^et virep(pepris Kal irXdrei 'virep-
camin, .. 'a ^w ^ ^« / " - ' -«.,
/xeyefjris, aXXa Kai virep/xriKr/s, r/rts np 'Xfiovip rr/ vXr]
KaraxoxrQeiaa olKrir^piov eyevero Sai/xovos X'^'-^PX.^^' ^^
/xera roov viro X"/"" Toaadra eKeiae Steirparrev, ws /xr/
/xovov dvQpdoirovs Sia(pQeipeiv, /cat Sai/xoai viro^dXXeiv, dXXd
/cot ovouy Kal Kvvas Kal jSo'oy /cot to Xotird twv KrriviHiv
diroirviyeiv Kal iroKKr] QXlypis iv Tp X'^PI^ '^'^' dStj/xovia
?v TrejOt TOUTOu, oiiroi roivvv d/xa ro irXr/ataaai auTOiy
TO Xei-^avov rod dyiov, eipvyov /xev dirb rrjs arods, iireia-
icppriaav ^ Se iv Tp Kia/xri iKeivri koi irdvras ivQovaidv, Kal
SiaraparreaQai rovs iv ouTp KaroiKOvvras iiroiovv. toy ^e
TW (pvrip Kai Tp irripcx airapay/x(p Kal Kpavyrj irpoaeireXeaav ^,
^v ISeiv Qad/xa roov iraXai Qav/xdrwv irapaSo^drepov' evQvs
diroiravra ra Sai/xdvia twv dvQpwirwv, /cot Qpr/vririKWS
dXoXu^ovTO T^y ireptxwpov iKeivris eXavveaQai. ris Se
KaraXeirrbv i^eiiroi, 5? ypacprj Siaaa(p^aot twv yevo/xevwv
rore Qav/xarwv ra virep d/x/xov irX^Oi] ; /xvpov ydp evwSeard-
rov irXrjpes yevo/xevov irap' aijnjKa rb Xei-^avov, ^v ISetv
rrj rovrov irpo^^avaei Sai/xoviUvras awcppovodvras, rvipXovs
bpwvras, Xeirpovs KaQaipo/xevovs, /cuXXouy dvopQw/xevovs,
X^Xovs dprta ^aSi^ovras, koi dira^airXios irdaris irdvras
daQeveias dirijXXay/xe'vovs. iv ots Kai Tty dv^p, iv oXoty
cTeo-j d/CTW KXtvripris iirl rijs oi'/ctoy Kei/xevos, /xerd Kpavyijs
iJvTtjSo'Xet Touy Kara rb Xewcpdpov rpixovras iirl rriv
Qav/xarovpybv iKeivriv irtjpav, rriv irapa irdatv aSo/xevr/v,
rovrov dirayayeiv, ol Se /xdXXov rbv Spd/xov eXxovro, n
^ sic cod. " sic.

APPENDIX TO CHAPTER I 37
eKeivov ^Kovov irapaQewpov/xevos Se /xolXXov Kal /xdXXov
^Xyei Kat iSvaxepaivev. toy ^e ^Sri direlpt]Ke Ttvd irpbs
ot/CTOv /xr/ iir laird /xevos, iSov oi dirb rod oIkov avrod
eveKTodvres, viroarpi'YO-VTes /cot awrppovodvres dirb rrjs /xerd
TWV aXXwv eTreXOoutrpy auTOty iiriQeaews twv Sat/xdvwv, iv
TOxet Sta^aaraaavres rodrov /xerd rijs /cXt'vpy, TTjOoy Tpv
irriyt]v eiropevovro rrjs vyeias' Kal a/xa ro irXriaiov yeveaQat,
pXXoTO T^y /cXt'vijy eu0uy, /cat e?y twv bSoiiropovvrwv iyevero,
OVS Kal irpoXa^wv Kal tw dyiip irepixapias SaKpvai irpoa-
ireawv, irdvrwv els avrov Qewpovvrwv, dprtos rod eSdcpovs
r/yepQri /cot uytijy, vX"" Ttva (pojSepov /cat rpia/xov rwv
apQpwv avrov Tp iyipaet dir(rreXeaavrwv Kal iravres eSwKav
Sd^av TW Qeip /xera rwv aXXwv ISdvres koI rb (ppiKrbv rodro
Qea/xa. (p^/xr/s Se KaQ' oXijs rrjs irepix'^'pov SiaSpa/xovatis,
^v iSeiv irora/xr/Sbv avppeovra ra rwv irXriatox'^pcov irXriQri,
ol rovs dppwarovs avrSiv iirt Kpa^^arois (pepovres, ippw-
/xevovs Kal vyieis ISlots iroal jSo^tTovToy ety to ot/ceto
Sieaw^ov. yvwarov Se rio T^y TroXewy iiriaKoirw yevo/xevov, ^•
.,. o\ ' ^ ^- '.- ^fl I ' \ - The action
Xapwv iravra rov KXripov avrov /xera uv/xia/xarwv Kai Kr/pwv, ^j ^.j^g
aravpovs rats X^l"""*' *¦'"' """^ dytov Sia^aardXpvras evay- bishop.
yeXiov, rb x^^piov KareXa^ov, evQa rb la/xaro^opov virrjpxe ^T^ ^^^l
rod oaiov Xei-^avov, Kal wy otto aij/xeiov evos, n/xrjs eveKev the relics,
.irpoarjKOvaris, KeKpv/x/xevws i^dSi^ov, ewy iXQdvres earriaav
iv Tp /cXtVp. Kal icoi^aavres eux^" e/cTev^, irepteirrv^aro
rb Xeiy^avov, irp5>rov /xev b iiriaKoiros, elQ' ovrws ol KaQe^rjs.
Kal wpas OVK oXiyas irpoaKaprfp^aavres eiSov Qav/xarwv
d^vaaov irpotodaav, /cat i^eQa/x^^Qr/aav, Kal SdKpvai ^pe-
Xovres rds irapetds rb " Kvpie eXepo-ov " e/CjOo^ov, koi rb
" SdPa aoi 6 Qebs b irotiov irapaSo^a Qav/xara Sia twv
evapearovvrwv aot." /xerd Se radra irpos eavrov KaXeaas
tovs /xovaxovs b eiriaKOiros Xeyei irapaKXririKios avrois
" Seo/xai V/xHov dSeX(pol x'^pi'^"^'^^"" ^f^'^ tov Qeiov rovrov,
Kal xp^'Tod iravrbs rt/xtoorepov Qriaavpdv, koI olKoSo/x^aas
OIKOV evKrriptov iv avrw rodrov irepiareXS), ety /xv^/xt/v v/xwv
KOU Xvrpov TWV i/xod ireirXij/x/xeXr]/xevwv iv rip irapdvn ^i(p,
Kal ravrris eveKev rrjs xo/"Toy X^'^eaQe irap i/xod vo/xia/xara
CKardv, ov ydp dvixo/xai roiodrov /xapyapirriv iroXvri/xov
SSe KaKeiae irepiepxe<rQai, p tov Xv'xyov virb rbv /xoStov

38 PETER THE ATHONITE
KpvirreaQat, Kal rds ct/CTtvay o-uoTeXXetv T^y x'^P''^os- oi
Se /xriSe aKpois (oal to p^Qevra QeX^aavres irapaSe^aaQai,
e/xetvav dvniriirrovres Kal /xr/ /xeQ^aeiv (paaKOvres, Kay
Xpvaod virdaxoiro x''^'« TctXavTO, tliy ^e Tp itpvaiii
Xpr/ad/xevos rovrois ive^pi/x^aaro o eirtaKOiros, a/xa rip
Xotirw KaraXdytp twv lepewv, " idv /xn radra fiovXt]aQe
Xo/Setv," elpriKores, " direXQere rwv wSe Kevais X^i""''' Kara-
ireiQeis yeydvaat koi UTTO/cXtveiy, /cot to eKarov elXt](pdres
vofxia/xara /xerd Kal Ttvwv oXXwv elSHv iiropevQr/aav irpos
rd T^y dvoToX^y /xepr/, rriv /xev rod oaiov arepr/atv dSvpd-
/xevot, rrj Se iroadrrin rod ¦xpvaiov /xtKpov irapa/xvQov/xevoi.
4, dvaxtopriadvrwv Se rovrwv, ISov ns Sai/xoviov erpex^ ^o^
The com- ypwuevoy dvviroardrw, /cat Ile'Tpov dird SvoXop/wv dvo/ca-
plamtof i^r^"- ., , , '' 'J. ' > „ ^, -"^
the devils Xov /xevos, ovk apKerov eipavt] aot ro Ti/y e/xris Kara/xovr/s
and the koi rod opovs SiwPai, iv w (Sv eairevSov irXavdv rovs /xovaxovs
to burn Kara rbv Koa/xov epxeaOai, dXXd Kal wSe irapayeyovas,
the relics, T?y /xiKpds ravrris ^ovXd/xevos i^opiaai /xe KaroiKias koi
dvairavaews ; apn aov ro aio/xa irvpiKovarov irotw iravrwv
bptovTwv, el /xri idaris /xe." ^v Se Karex<ev b avQpwiros
Xa/xirdSas irvpos iv eKarepats rats X^/"""'' "^"^ """^ /xovov
wp/xr/ae ravras iv r^ XetYavw Qijvai, yeyove Tty "^dcpos
Kal vX^y ^iaios, kuI irapa-xprj/xa, toy darpairr/ irvpos, aireirrr]
rod avQpdoirov b Sai/xwv, Qpr]ViTiKWS rov depa ireptepxo/xevos.
5. ^o^oeravTwv Se iravrwv Kav roxrrip rov. (piXavQpwirov Kvptov
lhe depo- '\aQfj^p ,^0 Xei-^^avov b iirlaKoiros d/xa rw kX^pw iv rw
sition of , "^ t ^ 1^ ' - 0 J, ' ' fl - 9 'J.
the relics eirtaKOiretip avr/yayov, KaKfiae otaipopwv aavevetwv otacpopot
m the T-wv avppedvrwv diraiXXayevres iv iroXvri/xw XapvaK% /xvpots
church, - ' »fl 1 \ »-»../'./ ' \
rovrov Karanveaav^ Kai irpos rr/ eKKXriatix eKO/xtaav. Kai
iirl rptal wxQri/xepots So^oXoyias iroitjaavres, ovrws eKaaros
(pdP(p Kal X"P^ (Tv/x/xiKTOi els ra tSta leaav, /xexpi Se rod
vdv laaets exeiae iirtreXovvrai TroXXot, ety Sd^av rrjs iravayias
Kat b/xoovaiov rpiaSos, Kal rt/xriv rod baiov irarpbs rj/xUv.
6, TOUTWV dKOvaavres, dSeXtpol Kal irarepes, iv irXo^t KapSias
Conclud- Tfdvra ypd-drw/xev, Kal irotnaw/xev, Kal riJov irpb n/xwv irarepwv
ingexhor- , , 'S„ „, , -o-» "^ ^,,'^
tation. ''"''•' oK^Xtoarrov piov, Kai /xiKpov oetv aaapKov Kai aaw/xarov,
rats fi/xerepais "^vxais ivrvirdaavres, KXavaw/xev Kal Qpr/v^-
aw/xev ro x'^'^^'O" *lfxwv elSores, /cot Trpdy irdv dyaQbv /xaXaKbv
Kal dvaSvd/xevov iKeivot ydp dira^ Koa/xov /cot twv ev

APPENDIX TO CHAPTER I 39
Koa/x(p OTToXXa'yevTey, ovKeri irepl ras Koa/xiKas /xaraioirovias
eavrovs airriaxoXovv, aXX' oari/xepa irvpl irpoaXa/x^avovres,
Kat rais avapaaeaiv wairep Qeov/xevot rd /coXXp twv bpw/xevwv,
Kai rod ^lov rriv evQriviav ws aKidv iraperpexov, /cat Toy
/xepi/xvas Kat cppovriSas Kal Ta'XXo, o?y ot ^iXoKT^/xoves
Kol (ptXdvXoi r/Sovrat, toy i/xirdStov roov dperwv direarpecpovro
/xovoXoytarov KeKrri/xevoi Siaywyriv /cot /xovdrpoirov, rr/v
Svaevperov Kal airavlois dpn yivwaKo/xivr/v ov ydp rpv(prjs
eire/xeXwvro, ov x'^wtrtv oiroXory eirerepirovro, ri aw/xariKriv
e^j/Touv avoTroufrtv ovSe KT^aets iiroQovv /cat eiriKTr/aeis Kal
irXarva/xovs, KaQairep rj/xets, dXX' ety da/xriv /xvpov erpexov
rod vor/rod, os icrri Xpiarbs f/ ^wp /cot to ^wy, /cot irap'
avrod ras ovpaviovs iSexovro rpvcpas, /cat irapaKXijaeis, tov
Kopos rots yevaa/xevois ovk earr oQev /cot TotauToy elX^fpaat
X^ptras, Kol Kara iraQSov /cot Sai/xdvwv to viKr/rripta exovaiv.
iSe yap' irds b rod Oeapearov rovrov fiiov dKpoarris diov
(pwarrjpa niXavyrj Kat irayKoa/xtov rb KaQ' ri/xds rodro
Qeiov opos e^pvey/cev, oy dypvirviix, /cot irdvip, /cat yv/xvdnjn,
Kal dairi(x, Sir]veKei re irivQij /cat avvrpt^^ KapSias, iv oXoty
ereo-t irevTiJ/covTa /cot rptalv eavrov e/c^ouy, dvwrepos yeyove
Kal Xoyia/xOiv, kcu iraQHov, /cot Sat/xdvwv, Kal els avrb
ireipQaKe ro roov opeKrwv eaxarov, rriv aKpav Xe'yw TTjOoy
TOV Qebv dydirrjv, /cot t^v irpdorriv Kal /xovt/v /xaKapiorr/ra'
?y d^twQeiij/xev Kal p/xety epytp rriv rovrov iroXtretav /xi/xov-
/xevoi, Kal rots Kard Qebv irporep^/xaaiv iyKoXXwiril^d/xevot,
Iva Kai rwv b/xoiwv avrw yepwv eirtrvxoo/xev irapa rrjs
devvdov irr/yrjs rod awrrjpos rj/xSov (o irpeirei irdaa So^a,
Ti/x^, Kat irpoaKvvr/ais, rrvv np dvapx<p irarpi Kat np
^woiroiip Kal iravayaQip irvev/xan, vvv Kat aei Kat ety rovs
alwvas aldovwv. 'A/x^v.

CHAPTER II
EUTHYMIUS OF THESSALONICA
The life of Euthjrmius really brings the monks
of Mount Athos into the full light of history. It is
a document of primary importance, and there is
no reason to doubt that it was really written, as
it claims to be, by Basil, a disciple of Euthymius,
who afterwards became Archbishop of Thessalonica
early in the tenth century. Various writers ori Mount
Athos have referred to its importance and have
published extracts from it, generally in a modern
Greek paraphrase ; but any reference to these has
been rendered unnecessary by the exceUent edition
of Pfere Louis Petit,^ which gives a text based
on Cod. Athous Laur. A 79 (a MS. of the twelfth
century of which, in ignorance of the projected
edition of P. Louis, I took a copy in 1903 in
tending to publish it in the present book), with
a partial collation of Cod. Athous Vatoped. 546
(which was written in 1422, but in the opinion
of Pere Louis Petit often has a better text than
the earlier MS,), and with a complete collation of
Cod. Athous Pantel. 207, a MS. of the nineteenth
century.
* Vie et office de Savnt-Euthyme le jeune, texte gree public par
le E, P. Louis Petit, A,A, Paris, A. Picard et fils, 1904, part
of the BibUotMgue Hagiogra^Mgue Orientale, edited by L^on
Clugnet.

EUTHYMIUS OF THESSALONICA 41
Euthymius was bom in 823 at Opso (or Hopso),
an unknown town near Ancyra, and was given by
his parents the name of Nicetas. When he was
seven years old (i.e. in 830-1) his father died,
leaving his wife to bring up Nicetas and his two
sisters, Maria and Epiphania. When he was sixteen
years old he married a certain Euphrosyne, and
became the father of a daughter, Anastaso. Two
years later he felt increasingly drawn to the monastic
life, and on Sept. 15, 841, deserted his family in
that curious manner which forms the first stage
in so many lives which have afterwards been
canonized.^ From this time his life may be divided
into six periods, (1) life on Mount Olympus, (2) life
on Mount Athos as a hermit, (3) on Mount Athos
as the head of a laura, (4) at Brastamou as the
head of a laura, (5) at Peristerai as the head of a
monastery, and finally (6) as a hermit on Mount
Athos and on the Island Hiera.
(1) Life on Mount Olympus.^ After leaving his
family he went to the Mysian Oljmapus, and ap
proached the famous Johannicius,^ with whom he
stayed for a time, and began to earn a reputation
for virtue, but shortly afterwards moved on to a
neighbouring monastery, presided over by a monk
called Johannes, who may perhaps be identified
with the Abbot of Antidius, frequently mentioned
in the life of Johannicius. Here he took the
monastic vows, receiving the name of Euthymius,
' Petit, op. eit, pp. 16-19. = Qp. eit., pp. 20-27.
' See the Acta Sanctonim for November, tom. 2, pp. 311-435.
Johannicius died in 846.

42 EUTHYMIUS OF THESSALONICA
and soon afterwards was sent on to the convent of
Pissadinon, presided over by a monk named
Nicolaus,^ This seems to have been a regular monastery,
not merely a laura, but it cannot be identified with
any foundation mentioned in the hfe of Johannicius.
He was successively muleteer, cook, servant to the
steward, and waggoner. In these occupations he
behaved exemplaiily, and employed his leisure in
learning to read, and in religious exercises. But
after fifteen years of this life the peace of the
church was disturbed by the schism which arose
in 858 owing to the rival claims of Ignatius and
Photius to the Patriarchate of Constantinople, and
the monastery of Pissadinon was broken up, as
the Abbot Nicolaus thought that Ignatius had
been improperly driven out, and refused com
munion with Photius. Apparently this rendered
the Abbot's position untenable, and he and the
leading monks left the monastery. None of those
who remained felt able to take the leadership, and
Euthymius was attracted to the life of a hermit.
He had heard of Mount Athos as a suitable place
for soHtary life, and decided to go there. But he
had not yet received the 'great Schema ',2 and in
' In Cod,Vat, 672, f,97-98 ^^ there are encomiums byPsellus on
a monk named Nicolaus on Mount Olympus : but he is described
as the Ka6riyov/i€VOV rps h> tcu 'Okv/jorto /tov^s rps wpaiai n-py^s.
" It must be remembered that among the Basilican monks
there are two grades, the /xi/cpov ctx5/«*> which is given with
a tonsure, and the /teya or dyyeXi/cov a-^^p-a. At present the
latter is frequently not taken until extreme old age, or even
just before death. Both these grades are quite independent of

EUTHYMIUS OP THESSALONICA 43
the absence of Nicolaus, and owing to the death
of Johannes who had given him the tonsure, he
did not at first know how to obtain it. Ultiinately,
however, he turned to a hermit named Theodore,
who is perhaps also mentioned in the life of
Johannicius,! and after eight days' preparation
obtained ordination. He then started for Mount
Athos with a companion named Theosterictus.
On his way he passed through Nicomedia (not
at first sight the most direct route to Mount
Athos, but it was no doubt then, as it certainly
is now, easier to go round by Constantinople), and
then, for the first time since his departure from
Opso, thought of his deserted family, and sent
a message to them telling them of his action, and
recommending them to follow his example.
The result of his message was that his mother,
sisters, and wife embraced a monastic life, leaving
only his daughter Anastaso, who remained ' in the
world ' in order to prevent the family from dying
out, and became the mother of a son and three
daughters. (2) Life on Mount Athos as a hermit.^ Euthymius
and Theosterictus reached Mount Athos in safety,
but the latter soon returned to Olympus, and
Euthymius joined an Armenian named Joseph,
whom he found already established as a hermit.
With Joseph he began the usual ascetic life, and for
sacerdotal rank : Euthymius, for instance, was not yet a deacon,
nor did he become one for many years.
' Vita Johannicii, op. eit, pp, 366 ff.
^ Petit, op, eit, pp, 27-82,

44 EUTHYMIUS OF THESSALONICA
forty days they tried to live as cattle, moving about
on their hands and knees and eating the grass.'
At the end of the forty days Euthymius proposed
that they should live in a cave for three years. To
this Joseph consented, but the opposition of the
lower creation was so pronounced that at the end of
a year he came out, leaving Euthymius to finish the
three years alone. The result was that the fame of
Euthymius's vow spread, and when he emerged
from the cave a number of monks gathered round
him, and he became the head of a laura.
(3) The laura of Euthymius on Mount Athos.^
There are no chronological data in the life of
Euthymius to fix accurately the beginning of this
period of his life, but the laura must have been
founded about four years after Euthymius left
Olympus ; this cannot have been earlier than 862,
and probably was at least one year later. It seems to
have been the usual type of a loosely knit together
body of monks, gathered round a leader, and assem
bling for religious services, but not otherwise living
in common, and possessing no monastic buildings.
On two occasions Euthjonius left the laura. The
first time was in consequence of .a message brought
! The reason given for this strangp form of asceticism is
a perverted interpretation of Ps, xlix, (LXX, xlviii,) 12, 20.
' Man being in honour hath no understanding : he is compared
to the cattle that have no intelligence, and is made lilce unto
them ' ; and the idea is that, by really living like cattle, they
might perhaps recover the lost gift of the likeness to God
(p Kar €tKova x^^P'^)) ^ridi SO, by being ' made like unto ' the
cattle and by having 'no understanding', they might come to
'be in honour'.
= Qp. eit, pp. 32-7.

EUTHYMIUS OF THESSALONICA 45
to him by Theosterictus from Theodore, the hermit
who had given Euthymius the 'great Schema',
asking him to come and bring him to Mount Athos.
Euthymius at once journeyed to Olympus, where
he found that Theodore was exceedingly ill. How
ever, he managed to bring him to Athos, and, when
the life of the laura proved too severe, made him
a cell at Macrosina, a locality which is now un
known, but is described by Basil, the writer of the
Life, as ' near the villages '. It was probably there
fore not far from the north end of the mountain.
Shortly before his death Theodore moved to
Thessalonica, and was buried there in the church
of St. Sozon, and this induced Euthymius to leave
his laura for the second time in order to visit the
tomb. Here his fame had preceded him, and he
became the centre of a crowd of admirers who
tried to kiss him, expecting to derive from his
touch some miraculous benefit. In order to avoid
this annoyance he went a short distance out of the
city, and took up his position on a pillar (in the
way made famous by Simeon StyHtes), on which
he was * raised visibly nearer to God ' and he could
preach his lessons separated by a safe distance
from his admirers. His preaching met with success,
but the life did not please him ; so he returned to
Athos after commending the care of Theodore's
tomb to the Archbishop of Thessalonica, who was
also named Theodore. This Arphbishop appears
as a signatory of the Council of Constantinople in
869, and was also present at the installation of
Theopiste (daughter of St. Theodora) as Abbess in

46 EUTHYMIUS OF THESSALONICA
the previous year, but there is no evidence as to
the year in which he became Archbishop; it
would seem from the data in the life of Euthymius
that his visit to Thessalonica must have taken place
not earlier than 863, and more probably as late as
865 ; it is therefore probable that Theodore ' became
Archbishop of Thessalonica at least as early as 865
and perhaps earlier. Before leaving Thessalonica
Euthymius was ordained deacon, and, it would seem,
priest. M, Petit in his edition of the Life thinks
that the ordination was in the first place only to the
diaconate, and that priest's orders were given later.
It is, however, surely more probable that they were
given simultaneously, for the reason alleged is the
difficulty of Communion in a desert place in the
absence of a priest.
On his return to Mount Athos Euthymius stayed
for ' some years ' in his laura, but after a time the
love of solitude returned, and taking with him two
companions, Symeon and Johannes Kolobos, he
went to the island of Neon (now St. Eustratius),
which can be seen in the distance from Mount
Athos. Here, however, he can scarcely be said to
have settled, for soon after reaching the island the
monks were captured by Arabs. Either miraculous
intervention or the superstitions " of the Arabs
^ M, Louis Petit has a note on Theodore in the ^chos de
I'Orient (iv, 1901, pp, 2, 18 f.),
* It must be remembered that Mohammedans are forbidden by
their law to interfere with monks or priests. This fact, which
is often forgotten by those who think of Islam as a persecuting
religion, explains why monks were usually released, and why

EUTHYMIUS OF THESSALONICA 47
helped them : for the Arab ship made slow progress,
and thinking that this was due to the malign
influence of the monkff, the Arabs took them and
disembarked them on the island. The monks
followed up their good fortune by demanding the
return of their baggage (' implements, hair shirts
and books ' says the writer), and in the end attained
their object, as the baggage ship was also driven
back to the island. This incident is an admirable
example of the way in which the simplest incident
assumed a miraculous chajracter to monastic eyes.
For there is no reason to doubt the substantial
truth of the narrative ; there is nothing miraculous '
in a shift of wind or a delaying current anywhere
in the neighbourhood of Athos; and in releasing
the monks and restoring their property the Arabs
were only obeying the precepts of Islam, which they
had been tempted to forget. But what is here
obvious is not always so clear, and there is
probably much history in the Acta Sanctorum irre
coverably concealed by the miraculous explanations
which have been added to it.
After their escape from the Arabs Euthymius and
his friends had no desire to remain on the island,
and returned to Mount Athos. But even here
safety was no longer attainable : a raid was made
on the mountain, and some monks were captured :
the monasteries in Macedonia were not, as a rule, destroyed,
unless they were too obviously used as fortresses,
' Experience has almost made me inclined to regard as
miraculous a voyage round Mount Athos in a sailing boat
which is not prolonged by these variations.

48 EUTHYMIUS OF THESSALONICA
Euthymius felt that it was unwise to remain, and
the laura was disbanded. The monks who decided
to leave Athos separated into three groups. One,
headed by Symeon, went to Greece; another foUowed
Johannes Kolobos to Siderocausia (probably not far
from Athos) ; and the third went with Euthymius
himself to Brastamou, the modern Brasta in
Chalcidice near Polygorus. Of the first group
nothing more is known; the second had a short
but important history which is discussed in the
next chapter ; and of the third we know only what
is told us in the Life of Euthymius. The date of
these events cannot be fixed : it must lie some
where between 863, the earliest possible date for
Euthymius' visit to Thessalonica, and 871, the date
of the foundation of St. Andreas at Peristerai (see
p. 50). As he was 'some years' on Mount Athos
after the visit to Thessalonica, 866 seems the earhest
possible date for the foundation of the laura at
Brastamou, and 867 or even 868 is perhaps more
probable. (4) Ihe laura of Euthymius at Brastamou."^ Euthy
mius' new foundation seems to have approached
almost more nearly to the nature of a convent than
to that of a laura. He built cells for the monks,
and frequently visited them, but personally he pre
ferred to Uve in a ravine some distance away. His
fame spread and attracted many visitors. Among
them was a certain Onuphrius, who is mentioned
as a distinguished ascetic. Of course this is not the
Egyptian who is mentioned in the Acta Sanctorum,
1 Op. eit, 37-8.

EUTHYMIUS OF THESSiAIiaNICA 4f
and nothing more is; known of St. Onuphrius of
Athosj, but that such a person reaUy existed need
not be doubted,, for in the second ' typicon ' of the
mountain one of the signatories is that of the Abbot
of Onuphrius, and Peter the Athonite is very often
accompanied in the pictures oil Mount Athos by
Onuphrius. OnB may suspect that originaUy it was
Onuphrius, the Athonite, not the Egyptian, who was
thus celebrated, but the matter is compUcated by
the fact that the feasts of Peter the Athonite and
Onuphrius of Egypt faU on the same day — June 12.^
Euthymius seems at this time to have led rather
a restless life wandering about the ravines of Athos,
and at intervals visiting his laura at Brastamou,
among the. monks of which was Joseph his old
Armenian friend, whose reUcs, preserved in the cave
in which he had died, the writer of the Life says that
he had seen. This would seem to imply that Basil,
the writer of the Life, was once a monk at Brastamou.
During one of Euthymius' periods of retirement
it was revealed to him that he should leave his^
laura and found a monastery on the site of an
ancient church of St. Andrew at Peristerai near
Thessalonica ; therefore taking with him his friends
Ignatius and Ephraim. from Brastamou he departed
for Thessalonica.
(5) Euthymius' monastery, at Peristerai.'^ He had no
difficulty in finding Peristerai, a viUage about four
hours to the east of Thessalonica, and recognized
a fountain as identifying it with the place which
he had seen in his vision, and after some digging
» Did they always do so ? ' Op. eit, pp. 38-48,
I,.UCB. M. A. S

50 EUTHYMIUS OF THESSALONICA
at a spot which he indicated the remains of an old
church were discovered. Aided by the money and
labour of the pious, but hindered by demons who
contrived frequent accidents, he bmlt a monastery
on the spot,^ and succeeded in finishing it in 871.
The new foimdation was UberaUy endowed and
furnished by the neighbouring laity, and soon
attracted many monks. Among them was BasiUus,^
the writer of the Life, who, however, received the
tonsure from Euthymius not in the monastery, but
in the church of St. Demetrius at ServiUa (now Or-
muUa), on the peninsula Longos, where there seems
to have been a kind of hermitage used by the monks.
For fourteen years Euthymius ruled the monas
tery, and no doubt became a person of considerable
importance, but the Life gives us no historical
information, though it suppUes interesting speci
mens of his progress, sermons, wonderful cures,
and prophetic insight — foretelling, for instance, to
BasUius that he would become a bishop. But
towards the close of this time, either in 882 or 883,
he seems to have taken some part in a settlement
between the Erissiotes, the monastery of his old
friend Johannes Kolobos, and the hermits of Mount
Athos, for his name appears among the signatures to
the agreement which was ultimately reached. A full
account ^ of this agreement and the controversy to
which it put an end wUl be given in the next chapter.
' M, Petit mentions that Prof, Kinch, of Copenhagen, has
found the ruins of this monastery : see Festshrifi tU J. L. Ussing i
anledning hons 80 aarige fodselsdag, Copenhagen, 1900, and Bys.
Zeitschr., 1902, pp, 663 f,
" Op. cU., pp. 46-7, » See pp, 68-70.

EUTHYMIUS OF THESSALONICA 51
About 883 Euthymius again began to be restless,
and summoned to Peristerai his daughter's family
(the date is fixed by the statement that it was forty-
two years after he had left his family and wife), and
made his grandson, Methodius, Abbot of Peristerai,
and his granddaughter, Euphemia, abbess of a con
vent which he built on ground bought for the
purpose. The relics and altars of these foundations
were consecrated by Methodius, Archbishop of
Thessalonica. The date of this archbishop's con
secration is not known, but it must have been after
882, when Gregory (see p. 82) was in office. He
seems to have died in 889.
(6) Euthymius' last days as a hermit.'^ After thus
settling his affairs Euthjmaius returned to his old
ascetic Ufe. First he went back to the pUlar on
which he lived during his first visit to Thessalonica,
then he retreated to Mount Athos, but as he was
constantly pursued by disciples he finaUy went on
May 7 to the little island of Hiera, probably the
modern Ginra, not far from Volo. He was accom
panied by only a single monk, Georgius, and died
on the island on October 15, His reUcs were then
brought to Thessalonica by the monks Paulus and
Blasius, who went to Hiera for the purpose on
January 13. The year of his death is difficult to
fix. The writer says that it was in the second
indiction that he went to Hiera. This ought to be
either 884 or 898. The former seems rather early,
for it was only in 883 that he summoned his
family, but the latter seems equaUy too late, though
1 Op. eit., pp, 48-51.
d2

52 EUTHYMIUS OF THESSALONICA
M. Louis Petit accepts it, and so allows fourteen years
for his last period of Ufe as a hermit. PersonaUy,
I should prefer the early date, and suppose that the
stay on the pillar and on Mount Athos only lasted
a few weeks ; for the impression given by the Life
is that Euthymius did not live long after leaving
Peristerai, It is, however, of course possible that
the 'second indiction' is wrong. Perhaps it was
originaUy ' eighth indiction ', as a confusion between
j8 and ij is not uncommon.
The importance of the information concerning
Mount Athos contained in this story needs no
emphasis. The most interesting points may be
summed up as foUows : (1) as early as 859 when
Euthymius went first to Athos there were already
hermits there — for instance, his Armenian friend,
Joseph — and, as we know from other sources, Peter
the Athonite was also. Uving at the time ; but there
is no reference to a convent or even to a laura of
monks. (2) A few years later Euthymius himself
was the centre of a definite laura. (3) Although
Euthymius, Johannes Kolobos, and Symeon lefl the
laura with some of the monks it is more probable
than not that others remained, and, as the next
chapter wiU show, there was a considerable number
of monks or hermits on the mountain between 870
and 880. (4) There is no reference to a definite
monastery as distinct from a laura, and no mention of
Clementos — the monastery which the Life of Peter
the Athonite states to have been in existence c. 890.

APPENDIX TO CHAPTER H
THE MONASTEEY OP ST, ANDEEAS
AT PEEISTEEAI
The foundation of Euthymius at Peristerai had not
a very long or distinguished history. The last that
we read of it in the Ufe of Euthymius is that the
saint, on leaving the monastery, appointed his grand
son Methodius to be abbot. Seeing that this Metho
dius must have been under thirty, and was probably
not older than twenty-five, the wisdom of this act
is open to question, but whether it led directly to
bad results is unknown. What, however, is certain is
that during the next eighty years the monastery fell
into bad hands and became disreputable. This is
proved by the Typicon of Athanasius the Athonite,
in which it is stated that the monks had lived for
a long time in an absolute disregard of monastic
propriety. At this point the Emperor Nicephorus
Phocas intei"vened ; he was the patron of Athanasius
and had promised to endow his new foundation, the
monastery now known as ' the Laura'. He therefore
seized the opportunity of suppressing a scandal and
helping a friend by a single stroke of statesmanship,
and transferred the control of St. Andreas to
Athanasius. The effect of this transference is only known to
us from one source — Athanasius' Typicon. He was
entirely satisfied with the results achieved, though we
may justifiably doubt whether the monks of Andreas
would have endorsed his judgement. Exactly what
he did is unknown, but at any rate in 970, when
the Typicon was written, a certain Stephanus was
Abbot of St. Andreas, and enjoyed the complete
confidence of Athanasius. We may surmise that he
had been sent from the Laura to carry out a plan of

54 EUTHYMIUS OF THESSALONICA
reform. It would seem, however, that the reforma
tion was somewhat superficial, for Athanasius was
not prepared to recommend the appointment of any
further abbot after the death of Stephanus. He
directed that Stephanus should not be disturbed in
his lifetime, nor be called upon for his accoimts,
but that after his death the management of the
convent should devolve directly upon the abbot of
the Laura,
It is easy to see that this arrangement boded Ul
for the future independence of St. Andreas, and that
the quiet and peace which Athanasius promised to
the monks was merely that which the tiger offers
to the lamb.
There remained, however, one source of protec
tion — an appeal to the MetropoUtan of Thessalonica,
to whom Euthymius had especiaUy commended his
foundation. We have no evidence as to the date
when this appeal was made, but a ChrysobuU of Con
stantine IX, aUuded to by Gerasimos Smymakes,
seems to mark the end of a stniggle between the
Lauriotes on the one hand, and the Peristeriotes
supported by the MetropoUtan of Thessalonica on the
other, in which the emperor intervened. According
to this the emperor removed the monastery of
St. Andreas from the protection of the bishop, and
handed it over absolutely to the Laura,
This completed the work of Nicephorus and the
ruin of the convent, which became merely a source
of income for the Laura,
Its further history is unknown : at present the
Laura has no property in the district of Peristerai,
so that it either lost it in one of the many periods of
unrest in Macedonia, or sold it to some one else.
I append the extract from the Typicon of Athana
sius and the statement of Gerasimos Smyrnakes,
on which this reconstruction of the history of the
monastery is based.

APPENDICES TO CHAPTER II 56

A, Extract from 'the Typicon op Athanasius' concerning
THE Monastery of St. Andreas in Peristerai, [P, Meyer,
Bie Haupturhmden fiir die Geschichte der AfhosEoster,
pp. 119-21,]
Ei^evot ouv X/"'' ^"^^ '^"' irepl rwv Tlepiareplov ijTOi
rod dyiov Kal KOpvcpalov riov lepwv diroardXwv 'AvSpiov
/xovrjs, rrjs virb Tpv ti/xerepav i^ovaiav re koi Seairorelav
reXovar/s Kara rhv roov Svo evae^Siv ¦xpvao^ovXXiwv ireptox*lv
re Kal Sidra^tv rod re dotSi/xov Kal rpia/xdKapos fiaatXiws
rod Kvpod INiK^Cpdpov Kat rod en ireptovros evae^ods ^/xoov
jSotrtXetoy tou Kvpod 'Iwavvov rod vvvl to T^y jSaaiXeias
'Pw/xaiwv aKrjirrpa Sieirovros SiariQe/xevois ii/xtv ovrws eSo^e
Stard^aaQai' jSovXd/xeQa roivvv ^irecpavov rbv evXa^eararov
/xovaxov Kal KaQr/yov/xevov, KaQws Kat irpovoeirai Kcii apxei
r'rjs TotouTpy /xovrjs, /xivetv dStaaetarov Kal dXoyapiaarov,
ware /xr/ ej^etv iiraSeias Ttvo twv /xeff ri/xds /xeraKiveiv
avrbv p •a-oooXuetv rrjs iiriaraatas r^s roiavrris /xovrjs rwv
Tleptarepoov, iv irdar/ avrod rrj "(^w^, iiretSri Kal iSovXevaev
fl/xiv dXri Tp laxyi avrod Kai Kara ro iyx(»povv /xeyaXws
dveiravae Kal t^v irpoa^KOvaav n/xriv direvei/xe Kal rr/v
dp/xd'Cpvaav virorayriv iveSei^aro Kal ^eXnioaets ToXXay
tcot /xeydXas iv Tp /uovp ireiroiriKevai (paiverai- b Se ye
iretpio/xevos, /xerd rb fi/xds rov ^iov diroXiireiv, Tpy TotouTpy
OjOY^y /xeraKivrjaai avrbv % oXXeoy irtoy KaQ' oiovSr/irore
rpdirov QXi'^tv rriv olavodv outw iirayayeiv, dXXdrpios
earw rrjs dylas Kal ^wapxiKrjs koI b/xoovaiov rptdSos, e;^e'Tt«)
^e T^v Kardpav fi/xwv t£v TOTretvftSv /xdXXov /xev ovv
ivreXXo/xai /cot /xvri/xoveveaQai avrov iv rats iirireXov/xevats
dStaXeiirrws Qeiais Xeirovpyiats irapa roov rrjs Aavpas
irpea^vrepwv Kal ^wvToy Kal /xera Qavarov avrod Kal
irtjaiws /xv^/xriv avrod iirtreXeiaQai' /xerd Se rriv dirb
rodSe rod ^iov /xerdaraaiv rod elpij/xevov /xovaxod ^recpdvov
rod evXa^eardrov KaQr/yov/xevov, i^ovXd/xeQa Kal /xer iKeivov
irapa rod rrjs Aavpas irpoearwros irpo^Xr/Qljvai Kat aiiQts
fiyov/xevov aXX' iiretSi] irdvrr] Karri/xeXrirai rd r^s /xovaSiK^s
Karaardaews ev rrj rotavrr/ juovp ttOjOO twv irpor/yriaa/xevwv

56 EUTHYMIUS OF THESSALOOTCA
e/c /xaKpod rod xpdvov, koi dSta(popi(i iroXXp Kal d/xeXai
Karexovrat aX'^Sbv diravres ol rrjs /xovrjs /xovaxoi, crvveiSo/xev
olKovo/xi(i ^iJcaerSot irpos ro irpos eva ^Xeiretv kui v(p
eva TeXetv, ijyovv rbv irpoearwra r^s Aavpas, irdvras rovs
ev rrj SijXov/xivri /xov^, ware rrj /xovapxia .avveXaQrjvai irpos
rb irvev/xariKwrepov, ev re rats irpoaevxais Kcit "^aX/xtpSiats
KOI dvayvdoaeaiv, ev re fipio/xaai koi ird/xaatv, wy ^ SovXeta
Kal b KOiros, r/ i] dSotiropla koi ^ ^XiKia, % ^ vdaos eKdarov
Kal i] vyieta Kara Katpbv dirairei' irpo^dXXeaQat Se Sxopi^d-
/xeQa irapd rod rrjs Aavpas irpoearwros, eK Tpy Aavpas,
oIkovo/xovs re xp^'ri/xoardrovs Kal irpea^vrepovs, SiaaKey^ei
Kal SoKi/xaaia ¦rroXXp outou re Kal rwv avv avrw Kai v<p'
avrbv /uovoj^wv, wo-Te rois /xev SioiKovo/xeiaQai irpoatiKovrws
to <rw/xariKwrepa, Toty Se Karapri^eaQat Kal avyKporeiaQat
rovs avv avroig dSeX(povs iv rois kut' dperriv Xdyots re
Kal rpdirois koI iraaais rats Kara Qeov irpa^ar rovrov
yap yevriao/xevov, avv Qew (pavat, ireiroiQa Tro\Xi;v irap
oXXiJXwv Kot ev aXX;;Xoty dva^avrjvai koivwvikws Kat /xovapxt-
Kwy T^v eiriSoatv twv dyaQiov Kal (oCpeXetav /t^re riov diro
T^y Aavpas /x^re rwv diro rrjs woXXaKty SrjXwQelat/S /xovrjs
ejc Svapxi-<xs irpbs oXX^Xouy Kara /xtiSev Sta(pepo/xevwv, dXX'
del irpbs rriv r^s dyairris avvayo/xivwv evwaiv koI b/xo(ppo-
avvriv rip viro /xtav Kat /xovr/v rriv irpiorriv apxjtv acpopdv,
Kol et Tty p/xwv ti;v eirwtpeXrj ravrriv Kat awr^piov otKOve/xtav
ireipaQ^ KaraXdaai irirre, aXXdrpios earw r^s dyair^s, >j
fti^' 7 y t /\ t
oe ayairi] eartv o aeoy.

B. JIXTRACT FROM GeRASIMOS BkYENAKES, TO "AytOV *OpoS,
p, 45,
. , . Kal Sta /xev rod 'Xpvao^ovXXov [rod Kcovotovt/vou]
irapexoDpeiro rrj Aau^ot to ev QeaaaXovlKri /xovaarfipiov
rod dylov diroardXov 'AvSpeov rod irpooroKX^rov oXwy
dve^dpTijtov diro rod M.t}TpoiroXiTOv QeaaaXoviKi]s . . .

CHAPTER III
JOHAJOES KOLOBOS, HIS MONASTERY,
AND THE HERMITS OF MOUNT ATHOS
It will be remembered that Johannes Kolobos,
the friend of Euthymius, is mentioned in the life
of the latter as leading away part of the laura of
monks on Mount Athos and settling at Siderocausia,
The life of Euthymius tells us no more aibout him ;
hut he, and a monastery which he founded, appear
several times in a series of documents referring to
Mount Athos, the interpretation of which affords
almost the only clue which we possess to the history
of the mountain during the period immediately
after the dispersal of the laura of Euthymius.
These documents, which will be found on pp. 76-
.86, are as follows : —
(a) Pai-t of a ChrysobuU of BasU the Macedonian
(before a. d. 881). (See Appendix A.)
(b) The report of a Thessalonian official, named
Thomas, on a boundary dispute between the Erissiotes
and the Athonites (a. d. 881). (See Appendix B,)
{c) The agreement arrived at in this dispute by
the two parties (a. d. 881). (See Appendix C.)
{c^ The official decision, ratifying this agreement,
by iiie Governor of the Thema of Thessalonica
(a. d. 882). (See Appendix D.)

58 JOHANNES KOLOBOS
(e) A ChrysobuU of Leo the Wise (? a. d. 900),
(See Appendix E.)
It is unfortunate that we only possess a Uttle
fragment of the ChrysobuU of BasU, which was
probably given to Johannes Kolobos himself, but
the greater part of its contents and the events which
led up to its promulgation can be reconstructed
from the ChrysobuU of Leo. The facts appear to
be these: —
After the separation of Euthymius and Johannes
Kolobos and the partial dispersal of their laura on
Mount Athos, the most important events on Mount
Athos and the neighbourhood were (1) the founda
tion of a monastery by Johannes Kolobos near
Mount Athos, and (2) the constant disturbance of
the Athonite lauras and hermitages by the Erissiotes.
The proof of the foundation of this monastery, to
which I shaU refer in future as Kolobou, is estab
lished by the direct references in the ChrysobuUs
of Leo and Romanus. The date of its foundation
and its exact position are less easUy determined,
and must be considered separately.
The date of the foimdation of Kolobou. The Umits
between which this date must be fixed are 866 and
881. The former is the date before which the
separation of Johannes from Euthymius cannot be
placed, the latter is the date before which the
ChrysobuU of BasU was given, and it is plain from
the ChrysobuU of Leo that when this was given
the monastery was in existence. It is obvious that
neither of the extreme dates is probable. In dis-

JOHANNES KOLOBOS 59
cussing the chronology of the life of Euthymius
(p. 48) I have shown that 867 or 868 are prob
able dates for the separation of the two monks,
and I think the impression gained by reading the
documents referring to the boundary dispute which
was closed in 881 (see Appendices B, C, D), and the
allusions made in them to the ChrysobuU, is that
this had been given some time previously.
There is some slight evidence for dating the
ChrysobuU A. d. 872 ^ or 875, and these dates seem
to me not improbable.
If then we allow two years for Johannes to
establish himself in his new home and for a suffi
cient number of monks to gather round him, and
accept 872-5 as the date of the ChrysobuU, we can
fix the foundation of Kolobou with fairness between
869 and 873. The history of Johannes thus pre
sents a striking but quite natural parallel to that of
Euthymius. Each left Mount Athos with a small
following of monks who had belonged to the dis
persed laura, and each founded a new monastery with
in the course of the next few years. One wonders
whether Symeon, the leader of the remaining party of
monks from Mount Athos, did the same in Greece.
^ Gerasimos Smyrnakes, op. eit, p. 22, gives this date.
Kosmas Vlaohos, op. eit,, p. 19, gives 885, but this is probably
an unacknowledged quotation from Gedeon, <)p. dt, p, 79,
who also gives 885 — probably a misprint for 875 derived from
MS. Panteleemon, 281, p, 208 (a nineteenth-century document),
whioh gives 875, indiction 2. This cannot be right as it stands,
but if we suppose the frequent confusion of minuscule ^ and p
the indiction would correspond to the yeai".

60 JOHANNES KOLOBOS
The position of Kolobou. The two Greek monks
Gerasimos Smyrnakes ^ and Kosmas Vlachos ^ differ
completely on this point. The former says that
Kolobou was on the Megale Vigla (see map), and
the latter that it was to the north of Erissos.'
Neither gives any reasons or discusses the point,
but I think that the evidence for both views can
be derived from the documents relating to the
boundary dispute and from the ChrysobuU of Leo.
The evidence for a position on the Megale Vigla
is as follows : — The decision of the Governor of the
Thema of Thessalonica (see Appendix D) in describ
ing the boundary line between the Erissiotes and the
Athonites says that it starts at the beginning of the
AmmouUan gulf, runs up a ravine as far as the land
of the monastery of St. Christina to a group of trees,
then crosses over to another ravine, goes over the
hiU and comes down to Globutzista (the present
Chromitza, according to tradition, which I see no
reason to doubt), goes over the ravine to a clump
of trees and straight on towards the sea as far
as an old yvirreprnv,* then bends towards the
neighbouring neck of the hUl on which is the old
wall of Kolobou which is within the land of the
Athonites. To foUow this boundary in detail is difficult. I have
' Op. eit., p, 22. » Op. eit, p. 17,
' Or Hierissos : the latter is no doubt the original form, but
I adopt Erissos because it is the name which is now always
used— ^at least in my experience.
' The Proegoumenos Chrysostomos tells me that yvirrepviv
is a well ; the word is strange to me.

JOHANNES KOLOBOS 61
never been to the spot ; and the map does not give
quite sufficient detail, but the general course which
it implies is clear enough to show that the ' old' waU
of Kolobou was a little beyond Chromitza on the
Megale Vigla. The obvious conclusion seems to be
that the; monastery stood within the wall.
This suggestion finds a superficial support in the
ChrysobuU of Leo, which confirms the right of the
monks of Kolobou to graze cattle in the lands of
the Kamena, not far from the Vigla, though, as wiU
be shown, the real meaning of the ChrysobuU
probably points in another direction.
The evidence for a position near Erissos; between
it and Mount Athos, is to be found in the report of
Thomas Ka^pax in A.Di 881 (see Appendix B). The
beginning of this document is unfortunately missing,
but it is clear that the boundary between the lands
belonging to the monastery and to the peasantry
had been fixed, but not that between the peasantry
and Mount Athos, That is to saythat starting from
the land side and going towards the mountain there
was first the monastery of Kolobou, secondly the land
of the peasantry, and thirdly the land of the monks
of Mount Athos : the boundary between the first and
the second had been fixed, but not th^t between
the second and third.
This view is confirmed by the statement of
Thomas a little later that the Athonites had
claimed that their jurisdiction began at the
boundary of the Castrum of Erissos, not merely
at the boundary of the district, so that their land

62 JOHANNES KOLOBOS
began with the boundary of the monastery of
Kolobou ; for this clearly implies that the boundary
of the castrum and of the monastery were identical.
As between the two views as to the locality of
Kolobou, it therefore seems to me that the evidence
is in favour of Erissos. The exact spot within the
limits of Erissos seems impossible to define, but at
all events the boundary of the monastery's juris
diction on the Athos side was the boundary of the
castrum.^ The monastery itself must have been
either within or on the other side of the castrum.
But, it may be said, what about the 'old waU
of Kolobou' mentioned above as on the Vigla?
Is it not possible to argue that the monastery itself
was on the Vigla and that the castrum of Erissos
was only under its jurisdiction?
The answer to this suggestion is to be found in a
consideration of the ChrysobuU of Leo (see Appendix
E). Here it is stated that the monastery of Kolobou
possesses the control of the domain of Erissos, and
the pasturage only of the Kamena with their vine
yards and orchards. The meaning, in the light of
the documents of the boundary dispute, must be that
the monastery has two sets of possessions, one in
Erissos and the other near the Kamena (close to
the Vigla), and that the monastery itself is near the
first, not the second. Here we have the true ex
planation of the ' old waU of Kolobou ' in the decision
of Katakalon Kaspax ; it was the waU, not of the
' This is, no doubt, what Kosmas Vlachos means by the
northward part of Erissos.

JOHANNES KOLOBOS 63
monastery itself, but of the vineyards and orchards
which belonged to it.
Subsidiary evidence that this is the true solution
of the problem of the locaUty of Kolobou may be
found in the ChrysobuU of Romanus, &c. (see Appen
dix A to the next chapter), and in the agreement
between Johannes the Georgian and the Protos of
Mount Athos (see Appendix C to the next chapter).
In the former document, ratifying the ChrysobuU
of Leo, the pasturage, &c,, of the Kamena is omitted
and only the jurisdiction of Erissos mentioned. This
may be of importance for the history of the monas
tery, or merely accidental, but in any case it suggests
that the monastery was at Erissos rather than on the
Vigla. In the latter document it is clear that the
monks of Mount Athos had been in the habit of stay
ing in the monastery of Kolobou when they went to
Erissos to buy necessities for themselves. This may
possibly only mean that they stayed at Kolobou
on the way, and so be compatible -with a situation
on the Vigla, but the plain sense is naturaUy that
Kolobou was in Erissos.
Siderocausia and Erissos. There is therefore not
much danger of error if we say that between the
years 869 and 875 Johannes Kolobos founded a
monastery in or close to the castrum of Erissos.
The question then arises as to the relation of this
foundation to that of Siderocausia mentioned in the
life of Euthymius. To this no definite answer can
be given, as it is impossible to determine whether
Siderocausia was a district or a viUage. The passages

64 JOHANNES KOLOBOS
which bear on the point are (1) the reference in the
life of Euthymius, cap. 26 ; ^ (2) the reference in
the ChrysobuU. of Leo,^ and I think that neither is
quite decisive.
In the Life of Euthymius, we are told that Symeon
went to Greece, Johannes to Siderocausia,- and
Euthymius to Brastamou. The last named is now
a viUage and perhaps was so then, but it is obvious
that Euthymius' laura was not founded exactly in a
viUage, even if it were near to one, so that even
Brastamou probably means merely the district in
which the viUage of that name was. The analogy
of the use of the wide term Greece for the destina
tion of Symeon supports this view, and according
to it Siderocausia was probably a district and may
have been a name given to that in which Erissos
was situated. At the same time the possibUity
that there was- a viUage of that name is certainly
not excluded.
In the ChrysobuU we are told that the monks
of Kolobou forged a document entitling them to
Tct j^mp/a diro re Ta>v Xeyopivarv %LBr)poKav(Ti(ov /cal
T(ov XXoipsivrXdrv koi aXXmv Tiviov. It does not seem
plain whether Siderocausia and Chlomoutla are
viUages or districts. I" incline to think that the
latter may be the hilly district in Chalcidice at pre-
' Kol luidwrp /icv 6 [LaKopuK tdis S'SppoKaucrtois Xcyo/xevoii
irpocroucC^fTai, 'SiV/i.tlav 8 6 Oav/xaxrios ry "EXXaSt SLairopO/ieverai,
'Evdv/JLLOi 8 6 icpos Kai ^/i£T£pOS ht TOtS BpoCTTO/iOU XeyojuEVOis tottois
tous iavTov pjnv.ri6yi<ra>. Petit, Op. oit., p. 37.
^ p, 85. Appendix E,

JOHANNES KOLOBOS 65
sent called Cholomondas, but this is not certain, and
I fear that the exact identification of the localities
in this neighbourhood could only be accompUshed
by somewhat prolonged wanderings from viUage to
village. The local tradition ^ of Mount Athos does
not appear to be unanimous, Gerasimos Smyrnakes
thinks that Siderocausia is a name which was given
to the whole district of Chalcidice because of its
mines, Kosmas Vlachos asserts that it was a viUage
near Erissos, and M. Petit {Vie de S. Euthyme, p, 80)
says that it is ' actueUement MaSe/xoxwpta, pres de
Hierisso', None give any reason for their views.
The Proegoumenos Chrysostomus of the Laura told
me that Siderocausia was a district just beyond
(i. e. north of ?) Erissos, and that there are in exist
ence documents which prove this, but he never
showed me any or quoted them. Still I think
that the balance of probability is that he is
right. If this be so the foundation mentioned in the
Life of Euthymius may be the same as that in
the ChrysobuU of Basil. If not, we must assume
that Johannes did not stay long at Siderocausia.
In any case the history of its foundation paraUels
that of St. Andreas at Peristerai by Euthymius.
The enthusiasm of the Erissiotes was aroused by
Johannes as that of the Peristeriotes was by Euthy-
' If it be a tradition: my impression is that the monks
claim the prestige of the ' tradition of the mountain ' for the
view which they happen to be supporting, for they rarely
agree with each other, and still more rarely produce proof.
LAKB. M. A. E

66 JOHANNES KOLOBOS
mius, and land and other presents were showered
on him by the pious.'^' The crowning point was a
gift from the emperor ratified by a ChrysobuU.
The ChrysobuU given to Johannes Kolobos. Whether
he went to the emperor primarily for the sake
of obtaining endowment for his monastery must
remain doubtful. At any rate he not merely
succeeded in obtaining the gift of the domain of
Erissos, but also pleaded the cause of the hermitages
and lauras on Mount Athos so skilfuUy that the
emperor's ChrysobuU protected the Athonites
against all aggression or intrusion, and appointed
Johannes and his foundation as the protectors of the
mountain. Such is the story given in the ChrysobuU
of Leo (Appendix E) which confirmed that of Basil.
It appears from this that the hermits and monks of
the mountain had been suffering from intrusion,
obviously from the laity of Erissos, and this fact
seems to dispose of a suggestion, first made by
Uspenski,^ that the gift of the domain of Erissos
implies that it was deserted at this time. The
general tone of the ChrysobuU of Leo also suggests
that the primary reason of the ChrysobuU being
granted, and the possibiUty of its being asked for,
was this aggression on Mount Athos by the
Erissiotes. ' This suggestion is rendered plausible by Uspenski owing
to a mistake by which he dates the boundary dispute about
984. Gerasimos Smyrnakes, not quite grasping this, has
introduced two disputes, in which the same names occur,
one in 881 and the other iu 984.

JOHANNES KOLOBOS 67
The importance of the ChrysobuU to Johannes
is obvious ; it at once made him the Hegoumenos
of a rich and powerful monastery, and the protector
of the whole of Mount Athos. Its value to the
hermits and the monks of the lauras was no less.
Previously their position had been anomalous : each
little laura — to some extent each hermitage — impUed
some degree of clearing the land and cultivating the
soil. But this also implied the creation of a more
or less desirable property, and the question of the
right to exclude others at once became important.
No doubt there was a general tradition in favour
of respecting hermits, yet this would not always
go very far, and in the absence of documents they
could scarcely appeal to the law for protection.
But the ChrysobuU regularized their position, and
they could now appeal for protection to the powerful '
Hegoumenos of Kolobou, who controUed the district
from which alone aggression was geographically
possible, or, if he proved unfaithful to his trust,
they could invoke the imperial help, which was
pledged to them by the deed of BasU.
Thus the ChrysobuU was of enormous advantage
both to the Athonites and to Kolobou. But it was
less excellent for the Erissiotes who seem to have
been shut out on both sides. The monks of Kolobou
claimed control over the Castrum, and the monks
of Mount Athos claimed aU the rest. The exact
division was perhaps not quite clear, but between
the two sets of monks the Erissiotes were being
squeezed out of existence. e2

68 JOHANNES KOLOBOS
It was probably this situation which gave rise
to two boundary settlements, of which the second
is extant, and contains a sufficient allusion to the
first to enable us roughly to reconstruct it.
The first boundary dispute, between Kolobou and
the Erissiotes. The question seems to have
arisen very soon as to the exact meaning of the
control of the territory of Erissos which had been
given by BasU ; and when the matter came before
Thomas Kaspax ^ of Thessalonica he found that the
boundaries of Kolobou had already been settled
by other people. This settlement he ratified. It is
impossible completely to reconstruct it, but I think
that the general sense of the broken Unes at the
beginning of his report (Appendix B) can only be that
when he came to investigate the district he found
¦ that it consisted of two parts, the KXarrpaTLKr) 7/7
and the dvoKX-qpoidelira yrj, of which the former lay
between the latter and Mount Athos, clearly defined
on the west (or land) side but not demarcated
towards the mountain.
This division he accepted, and ratified the
arrangement by which Kolobou took aU the western
or landward part whUe the Erissiotes took all the
rest. No statement is made as to what there was
stiU further inland, or whether it was part of the
domain of Erissos.
^ This family seems to have been numerous and powerful in
Thessalonica at this time ; we have in the ' Decision ' (Appendix
D) Katakalon the governor, Thomas the epoptes, and Stephanos
of Bardanopulos, and Zoetes or Zoektes, and there was a
monastery Kaspakos on Mount Athos.

JOHANNES KOLOBOS 69
The second dispute. The arrangement described
above settled the boundary between Kolobou and
the Erissiotes, but Thomas had not thought it neces
sary to define the boundary of the Erissiotes and
the Athonites, who immediately began to com
plain, maintaining that according to the ChrysobuU
of BasU their territory ran up to the boundary of
Kolobou. Judging from the fragment of the ChrysobuU of
Basil which remains, and from the references to
it in that of Leo, the contention was technicaUy
not untenable. BasU says that the boundary of
monks is to be the ivopCa of Erissos, and Leo says
that his father Basil had given Kolobou the right
" Karex^Lv trfv ivopiav " of Erissos. Apparently
Thomas Kaspax had decided that the h/opia was
the Castrum, not the whole district, when he was
investigating the claims of Kolobou and the Eris
siotes. The Athonites probably argued that this
definition of terms ought to hold good in consider
ing their claims, and that according to it they had
the control of the whole district up to the Castrum
itself. The Erissiotes, on the other hand, claimed that
the Athonite border was at the Zygos, the next
ridge after the Vigla: we are not told whether
they produced any evidence in support of their
claim. Between these two claims Thomas Kaspax had
to decide. Reading between the lines of his report
one may, I think, see that he recognized the legal

70 JOHANNES KOLOBOS
strength of the Athonite position, but felt that it
was bad equiiy to leave the Erissiotes, as he says,
without any property at aU.
He therefore sent the two parties away to agree
on the general outline of a division of the disputed
land, which was afterwards properly drawn up and
ratified by the o-TpaTiyXanjs Katakalon Kaspax.
The division agreed upon roughly divided the
disputed ground ; its general course has been
already .discussed (p. 60), but the mention of the
monastery of Christina is noticeable.
It may mean that there was a monastery or a
laura there, but perhaps more probably it only
means that St. Christina — wherever that may have
been — had property at that point.
It is interesting to notice that Euthymius appears
to have interested himself in the matter, as his
name appears among the signatures to the report
of Katakalon Kaspax. What, however, did Johannes
Kolobos do ? The name of his monastery does not
appear among the signatories, but I suspect that the
signature to the agreement, 'loidwov riyovpivov tov
"Adoivos, is his, and that he assumed the title in
virtue of the protectorate over the mountain given
him by BasU.
The settlement and its results. The position of
affairs at the end of this settlement in 882 may
therefore be defined as foUows.
The monastery of Kolobou had obtained control
over the Castrum of Erissos, and had a protectorate
over the monks of Mount Athos as against aU

JOHANNES KOLOBOS 71
intruders on the mountain; between the Castrum
and the domain of the Athonites was a piece of
land which had been aUotted for public use to the
inhabitants of Erissos and to certain neighbouring
monasteries. Kolobou also possessed some vine
yards and orchards on the Athos side of the
boundary where the monastery of St. Christina
also had some property, whUe on the other hand
the Athonites had a spot caUed the KadeSpa riov
yepovrmv reserved for them in the territory of the
Erissiotes. The whole arrangement was ratified
by Katakalon Kaspax, the governor of the Thema
of Thessalonica, and the Erissiotes paid the sum
requisite to secure their property.^
The conclusion of the settlement is the last act
of Johannes Kolobos* (assuming that he is the
Hegoumenos of Athos) of which we know anything.
Probably, Uke Euthymius, he was now an old man
and did not Uve much longer, but the history of his
monastery can be traced for a Uttle more than a
century longer.
' This pa3raient has surely been misunderstood by Uspenski
and others who follow him. They appear to think that the
Athonites had sold land to the Erissiotes and then disputed
the boundaries of what they had sold. It seems to me that
the point of the dispute was that the Erissiotes had bought
ground firom the public authorities which the Athonites claimed
in virtue of an earlier deed allotting it to them.
* It is worth noticing that MSS, exist of a Life of Paisius
written by him [inc. Hcnrep ra repirva TOV plov . . . desin. ravra
tifi^Oi^). See codd, Paris, 1093", 1547^ suppl, 759'. There
is also a MS, in the Laura.

72 JOHANNES KOLOBOS
It cannot be said that the conduct of the monks
of Kolobou reflects credit on their training. They
appear first as forgers, and secondly as oppressors
of the hermits of Mount Athos and their other
neighbours, and lastly as losing their property
because of their inhospitaUty.
The forgery of the Monks of Kolobou. The story of
the forgery is related at the beginning of the Chryso
buU of Leo (Appendix E). It appears that the monks
were not satisfied with the position in which the
boundaries settlement of 882 had lefl them. They
wished for the control, not merely the protectorate,
of the mountain, and for further possessions inland.
They foimd their opportunity at the accession of
Leo in 886, and forged a document, apparently a
map of some sort, which they took to the emperor
together with the ChrysobuU of BasU for confirma
tion. Leo, without looking into the matter closely,
granted their request. By this means they secured
control of nearly the whole mountain, and vUlages
of (in ?) Siderocausia and Chomoutla (Cholomondas?),
the monasteries of Moustaconos, Kardiognostou, and
Luka, together with the meeting-place of the hermits
{Kadihpa T(av yepovrmv).
It is probably impossible to identify these places,
but it is clear that the forgery was planned in the
grand style, and gave the monastery of Kolobou
the control of the whole of the surrounding districts.
The protest of fhe Athonites. As soon as the monks
had obtained the imperial confirmation they began
a career discreditable to themselves, oppressive to

JOHANNES KOLOBOS 73
their neighbours, and ultimately disastrous to their
foundation. They abused the hermits of the mountain, took
the clearings for the benefit of their flocks, and
treated the whole country as their own possession,
until at last peasants and hermits made common
cause and sent Andreas, 6 euXaySeVraTos povaxcrs
/cat "irpcoTos" ¦fj(rvxa-(rT^<i tov avTov opovs, to inter
cede for them with the Emperor.
The 'Protos'. This reference to the tt/jStos is
of great importance for the history of the growth
of the common organization of the monasteries on
Mount Athos, and the question may be raised whether
irp&ro's ought to be regarded as a title or as an epithet
of 'qcrvxo'-a'TTJs. In his invaluable Haupturkunde fur
die Geschichte der AthosklOster, p. 29, Dr, Ph. Meyer
assumes that the former alternative is correct, and
regards this passage as the earUest reference to a
Protos of the mountain, though he does not quote
the text. I doubt, however, whether he is justified in
doing this (grammaticaUy tt/jStos is here so clearly
adjectival), especiaUy as there is no evidence that
the title was used elsewhere before the tenth cen
tury, though later, as Gedeon has shown (o "Adoi's,
p. 85), it was used in Thessaly at Meteora and at
Latros, and it seems to me probable that in the
ChrysobuU of Leo irp&jTos is not the technical term
which it had become by the third quarter of the
tenth century (cf. Vita Athanasii Athonitae by
Pomjalovski, pp. 20 ff.).
In any case it is noteworthy that the title must

74 JOHANNES KOLOBOS
have been quite recent, as it does not appear in the
list of the signatures to the boundary settlement
a few years previously. There the leader of the
monks is caUed the ¦t)yovp^vo<s rov 'Admvos, and, as
I have said, he is perhaps identical with Johannes
Kolobos. It is, I suspect, probable that the origin
of the title irparos may be found in this con
troversy of the Athonites with the monks of
Kolobou. The former wished to appear before the
emperor, and were not able to send their usual
representative, the Abbot of Kolobou, for the very
good reason that he was actuaUy the person of
whom they wished to complain. They therefore
selected the most prominent hermit, and the adjec
tive by which they (or the emperor) described him
was afterwards used as a title. The office, thus
originated to meet a special need, was found so
convenient that it was perpetuated, and was firmly
established by the time of Athanasius.^
The victory of the Athonites over Kolobou. The
mission of Andreas to the emperor proved success
ful ; Nicephorus, the Proto-Spatharios, held an
inquiry which revealed the fraud of the monks
of Kolobou; the forgery was destroyed, and the
emperor gave a new ChrysobuU protecting the
Athonites, and tying the monks of Kolobou down
closely to the original terms of the BuU of Basil.
There is a significant lack of direct confirmation
* The later history of the office of Protos can be studied in
Meyer, l.c.

JOHANNES KOLOBOS 75
as to the 'Protectorate' over the mountain, from
which it might be assumed that the monastery lost
their privilege, and nothing is especially said to the
possession of the KaddSpa tcov yepovrwv.
With this incident the first chapter of the con
troversy between the monks of Kolobou and the
hermits- of Mount Athos was closed. For the
history of the mountain its importance is to be
found in the fact that it shows that at the begin
ning of the tenth century there was no definite
monastery on the mountain; there were hermits,
and, as we know from the life of Euthymius, some
of these hermits were associated in lauras. More
over, the necessity of defending their interests from
the encroachments of the monks of Kolobou had
forced them to take common action under the
leadership of the most prominent of their number.

APPENDICES TO CHAPTER III
A. Extract prom a Chrysobull of Basil
EARLIER THAN A.D. 881
, . . Touy TOV ipri/xiKov ^iov eXo/xevovs Kal ras Kara/xovas
Kal Siarpt^as iv rw rod "AQwvos Xeyo/xevw dpei iroir/aa/xevovs,
Kal Toy euTeXery aKr/vds iKei irt]^a/xevovs, irapa roov 6Trij(WjOta-
^o'vTtov Kal r^ opei rovnp irpoao/xopovvrwv iirr/peaXp/xevovs,
Kai /xri avyxoopov/xevovs KaQapSos Kal OTOjOOj^wy to tou oiKetov
Xoyta/xod SieirireXeiv, b Qeoawepyr/ros fj/xwv ^aatXela SlKatov
pyiycroTO Sid rodSe fj/xSiv rod aiyiXXlov rod Xoiirov dQopv^ovs
Kal drapaxovs Siayeiv, evx^aQai re virep rrjs fi/xSiv yaXr/vo-
rriros Koi virep rod iravrbs rod roov Xpianaviov avar^/xaros,
i^aaipaXi^d/xeQa irdvras diro re arparriywv, ^aatXiKwv
dvQpioirwv Kal ewy eo-j^oTOu dvQpwirov rod SovXelav koto-
iriarevo/xevov, en Se Kal IStdras koI j^wotOToy /cat ewy tou
ev TW /xvXSivi dX^Qovros, tva /xri virripeaari ns rovs avrovs
/xovaxovs, aXXo /xijSe KaQdos ian rod 'Epiaaod ^ ivopia
Kal T^v eaw irpos to rod "AQwvos opos elaepx^aQai nvas,
/x^re irot/xevas /xera twv irot/xviwv ouTwv, ^^T6 ^ovkoXovs
/xera rwv ^ovkoXiwv outwv, , . .
The text is taken from Porphyrins Uspenski
{Bocmom XpucmiaHCKi^, Aoom, Kiev, 1877, part 3, p. 295),
who is quoting from a MS, wliich is found in the
library of Philotheon.
B. The irpa^is OF the eiroirrrys, ®(opa<s Kacnra^, AS
TO THE BOUNDARY BETWEEN EeiSSOS AND THE
Monks of Mount Athos, a. d. 881-2
. . , iiretSri p KXa(rj«OTiKp yrj rrjs virorayrjs rod 'Epiaaod . . .
iari, Kal avv^vwrai rip dpei rod "AQwvos, Kal *} diroKXripw-

APPENDICES TO CHAPTER HI 77
Qetaa yrj rfj jUovp tou KoXo/SoiJ . . . p /xev irapa Stacpdpwv
irpoawirwv StexjinpiaQri, kou avvopa dva/xera^v avrrjs re /xovrjs
Kat riov ^wptOTwv iyevero, Kara rbv avrbv Stax(t>pt<r/xbv
KareXiirov Tp /xov^ rod J^oXo^od Swpedv rriv TOtouTpv yrjv.
'^S«~' 'r r .^ , - « < >
oxo 06 TWV TotouTwv ovvopwv rris auTiyy /xovr/s, Kat irpos
rov AQwva, Karelxov ol j^W|OiaTat /cot to Xotiro /xovaar^pia
Kai eve/xovro. O'v /xr/v irpoe^rj irpb rovrov Siax'^pto'fxos
/xera^v outwv Te KOt twv /xovaj^wv tou opouy tou "Aflwvoy,
tvo e/c rovrov eoet/cvuTo ewy irou eitrTt p twv /xovoj^wv
eiriKpareia, KaKeiQev p icXao-yUOTt/cp "yp, p irapa riov j^wpt'wv
icot TWV XotTTwv /xovaarr/piwv Karexo/xevr/, oXX' ovrws
avyKex<i>/xevri Kal dStayvwaros virrjpxev rj eKdarov Seairoreia
Std TO /xri yeveaQai /xexpi tov vdv iKeiae iiroirriKriv Stdyvwatv
/cat T^v TOU /cXoer/uoToy Stdirpaatv. Tavr>]v ovv rriv irapa
rod Ji.darpov 'Epiaaod olKtirdpwv Karexo/xevtjv KXaa/xariKriv
yriv Steirpaaav [1. ^teTTjOaoro] ety ouTouy, -n-ejOt ^e twv /xera^v
avvdpwv, OUTWV re riov e^wvptrovTwv Tpv tou /cXa<r/ixaToy
yrjv Kal TWV /xovaxwv rod "AQwvos Sia ro rr/viKadra /xr/Se/xiav
(piXovtKeiav irapa rtvos KivtiQrjvai, ovre irap' ri/xiov irept-
epydrrepov i^eraaQr/ p iiroXvirpay/xovfjQri irepl rod Sia-
Xoopi<T/xov avrSov.
'Airo(rreiXavTes ovv /xerd rovro ol /xovaxol rod "AQwvos
iSe^Qr/aav roiis ^aatXeis *i/xiiv rovs dyiovs, Kal iSe^avro
o re ^Errparriybs Kal b T^ouXay, tva Siaxo>pi(rwai to SlKota
OUTWV dirb twv olKt/Topwv rod l^aarpov, airatr^r/awat Se
eyypacpov daipaXetav rovs ouTOuy olKrjropas, els ro /xriKeri
irapevd^xXr/aiv riva iirayeiv rots /xovaxois. Kai airoareiXavres
^yayov rovs olKrjropas rod 'Eptaaov Kai evwirtov a/x(pw
ri/xwv earriaav ^eTO twv /xovaxwv. koli ol /xev /xovaxoi
rod "AQwvos irpoejSdXXovro Tpv e^ dp'xfjs Seairorelav els
rb opos, KuQws Kal iv rois rod KXda/xaros kwSi^iv dvaypa-
(perai Sij/xdaia els irpdawirov twv ^tovoj^wv rod "AQwvos,
ov /xriv dXXd Kol rriv ^o^Qetav rrjs dacpaXelas rod ¦xpvao-
fiovXXov rod jSotrtXewy tou Ku^ou BocrtXetou iracrav dSetav Kai
iPpvaiav irapexpvros avrois dirb rriv ivopiav (sic) rod 'Epiaaod
Kol rriv eaw, /cot tay e/c toutou ivopiav ov rriv virorayriv
rod reXovs, dXXd rriv rod T^darpov Xeyovres, iireipiovro
/xexfii Trjs rod KoXo/Sou Karox^ji eivai Tpv outj/v otto

78 JOHANNES KOLOBOS
Xpvao^ovXXav ^otjQetav, i^ <Sv avve^atve irdvra rd rotadra
KXaa/xartKa rdirta ISioiroteiaQai avrovs, Kal rb avvoXov
/xr]Sev ivairo/xevetv rots olK^ropai rod 'Eptaaod. HaXtv
^e ol aijTol olKr/ropes evlaravro /xexpi tov Zivyod eivai
rriv KXaa/xariKriv yrjv Kal ewy tou rotovrov roirov Seaird^etv
avrovs, rovs Se 'AQwvlras i^ovata}Cetv diro rov Zivybv Kal
rriv eaw, Kai oirXwy ttoXXo (^iXovt/d/trovTey irejOt toutou.
TO ydp irap' d/x<pw araaiaXp/xevov rodro ^v, rod bpiaQrjvai
rdirov evQa e/xeXXov .yeveaQai avvopa rd Siaxoopl^ovra to
a/x(porepwv SiKaia.
TeXeuTotov ouv oliceici irpoQeaei ^peaOr/aav Sta ro d(piXd-
veiKov (to ir'Xeov Se Sta ro avyKexto/xevov rrjs viroQeaeus Kal
dSiayvwarov), /cat Siwplaavro rdirov evQa e/xeXXov yeveaQai
rd avvopa to SiaxtDpi^ovra avrovs. rod Se ^rpanjyov /cot
TOU T^ouXa, ov /xr/v oKXa /cat tou apxieiriaKoirov, Kparri-
aavrwv /xev rod yeveaQai iirtroiriws Kal Staxooplaai avrovs,
KaOws Kal i^peaQr/aav iirtSodvai re d/xiporepois Kal Xt/3eXXouy
rrjs roiavrris ri/xS)v irpa^ews, waavrws Kal d/x(porepwv riov
SiaSiKu^o/ievwv els rodro, oD /xr]v ro direparov outwv yivdoaKwv
ov Kurevevaa ctirXwy /cat tay ervxov diro (pwvrjs outwv i^eXQeiv
... . dXX' eiirov, ety oirep ^peaQrire, i^aacpaXiaaaQe d/x(pdrepoi
irpos /xe, Iva d/xera/xeX^rws KaraSi^r/aQe rodro.
Kat i^epxovro (sic) Kal e^riaCpaXiaavro d/x(pdTepoi
ivdpKws, rod apeaKeaQai avrovs e/cet yeveaQai ra /xeXXovra
Staxwpll^etv d/xcporepovs avvopa. i^aacpaXtaa/xivwv Se avrwv
SeSooKaaiv o re "^rparr/ybs Kal b TtouXay Kal vird/xvrt/xa
rois /xovaxois i/X(paivov rr]v d/x(p(yrepwv dpeaKetav Kal rhv
rrjs irpd^ews fj/xiov dvavrlppr/rov ivepygtav. T^y rotavTr/s
ovv daipaXeias Sta re rrjs rod dpxteirtaKoirov viroypacprjs Kat
riov Xotirwv jSelSatwQeiariS, e^^XSov iirtroiriws Kal Stex<'>pi-<rav
(1. Siexwptaa ?) Kara rriv eyypaipov outwv daCpaXetav el ov
^peaQriaav rdirov. Kot otto /xev rijs 5ta/coT0^5? Tod rdirov
T^y /xovrjs rod HoXo^ov /xexpi rwv roiovrwv avvdpwv, irdaav
rr/v /xera^v ovaav yrjv, wy /cXatr/UOTt/ciJv, Sieirpaaa rois
olKr/TOpai rod l^aarpov, /cot rjpeaQriaav Kal irapeXapov
avr^v, /cot dveXa^ovro Xt'jSeXov -b-Ojo' ^/xwv irepl twv TotouTwv
avvdpwv diro Se rwv roiovrwv avvdpwv rfj ladrrin, dirb
QdXaaaav ety ^oXacrcav /cot irpbs tov AQwva irapeSdQij

APPENDICES TO CHAPTER III 79
TOty /xovaxois tov axjrod opovs Kal iireSdOri airrois vird/xvri/xa
Kat irepiopia/xos ety ot/cetov outwv daipaXeiav Kat dcpetXovaiv
ex^iv a/x(pi^oXov ol o'lK^ropes rod 'Epiaaod ewy twv outwv
(Tvvopwv, KaQws Kai b Xt'jSeXoy outwv ireptexet, ioaavrws Kat
01 /xovaxoi rod "AQwvos diro riov outwv avvdpwv koi irpos
rov "AQwva.
nXpv TOUTO /xovov Kol irapa twv olKriropwv rod Koittoou
Kai en eXoyo/xaxiTO, irepi rod /xri KwXveaQai tut^ov to
KTr/vr] avriJov ety Kaipbv iQviKrjs e<j>dSov rfj irpofpdaei rod
Staxoopia/xod rod '/xri elaepx^aQai /cot ireptaiol^eaOai ety to
Totodrov opos, Kal irepl rovrov tvo olKovo/xijQfj , /xavSpeia
Se /xri iroieiv /x^re /xeXtaaovpyeia, oXXo /xr]Se dSelas ovaris
aveu elS^aews rSov '/xovax<il>v elaayeiv ra /cTpv/; outwv, /xeyoXwy
yap els rovro ol /xovaxoi irapevo^xXodvro. eirei airo twv
roiovrwv avvdpwv Kal irpos rbv "AQwva Kal dXtyoar^ Kal
d-xpeia yrj varepov direKXripioQrj rots /xovaxois. Kat yap
01 olKr]rdpes rod Koo-toou exovai pev koI ^v ttojo' ^^owv
e^wviJo-avTO "ypv, eXo/3ov ^e /cat eo-j^oTwy e/c irpoard^ews
/SatrtXt/cw KOI TOU dyiov /xov avQevrov, /cot e/c T^y /xov^s
rod KoXo/3ou wael ^(tXtwv /xoSiwv, /cot ou Svvavrai Xeyeiv
/xri ej^etv ouTOuy Tpv avrapKetav avriiov.
'H ^e Xeyopevrj " KaQeSpa toSv yepdvrwv " iv erepip /xepei
iari rod 'Eptaaod virb [sic, I. dirb ?] t^v y^v rod KXaa/xaros
rod Ka/xevou, direSoQr] Se Std jQivao^ovXXov rois /xovaxois,
Kal wpiaQr] irap' ii/xiov /cot ev t^ viro/xv^p.an rj/xiov avreypaipr/,
Iva ovrw /coTej^pTOt irapa twv jUOvoi^wv KaQws Kat irpo-
Kareixero. Tadra i/xol rip SovXtp aov SiKaia SioiK^aai dvecpdvij.
b Se dyids /xov avQevrris rb SiKaiov virep iravrwv iireiira/xevos,
as 6 Qebs bSijy^aatrp.
The text is taken from Porphyrins Uspenski, op. eit.,
pp. 315 ff. The writer says that his text is derived
from a MS, in the library of the monastery of
Coutloumousi on Mount Athos which bears the title :
Tpdppara d-pxcxto. (roi^opevatv riov irpoiTOTviroiv iv no
JIpcoTanp, dvTLypa(f)evT(i St' airijcretus tov iravoinoXo-
yioyrdrov oL/j^iju.ai'SptTou Kal imTpoTTov T'fjs lepas povfjs
KovrXovpovcTTj KvpCov Vpriyopiov. With reference to

80 JOHANNES KOLOBOS
the irpa^i^ of ©cujuas it says : 17 dpyyi TOV irpurroTvirov
hmpdappivT]. Gerasimos Smymakes, op. eit., p, 23 f., quotes this
document from i^acr(j)aXurapevo)v Se avriov to the end,
I have not noted his variations which do not affect
the sense, because it seems less Ukely that they are
derived from the original document at Caryes than
that they are merely emendations of the text given
by Uspenski.
C. The Agreement between the Monks of Athos
AND THE Erissiotes as to the boundary
BETWEEN THEIR DOMAINS
"Silyvov Tpriyopiov /xovaxod, r/yov/xevov rrjs /xovrjs rod 'OpQoyo-
/xarov.
"Zilyvov M.eQoSiov /xovaxod, rjyov/xevov /xov^s r^s dyias
Xpiarivris.
"Sfiyvov 'AvSpeov /xovaxod, r/yov/xevov rod "SiirriXatdrrov.
Si'yvov /xovaxi^v diro KevTOjOwv.
St'iyvov KwvffTOVTtvou TOU X^od/xa.
"Sfiyvov 'Iwavvov rod Yopa^Sov.
St'iyvov . . . xovTwv.
'2iiyvov BocrtXetou.
"Siiyvov iravrwv /xovaxiil>v rod AQwvos-
'Ziiyvov Iwavvov, r/yov/xevov rod "AQwvos.
"Siiyvov Kuvp-you tou Neirpo^dSi].
^lyvov QeoSoopov.
"Silyvov 'ApKaSiov povaxod 'AQwvirov.
"Stiyvov iravrwv rod Kaarpov.
[In the original each of these signatures is written
round a cross.]
'Ev dvo/xan irarpos vlod /cot dyiov irvev/xaros. 'H/xeis
ol irpoyeypa/x/xevoi kui rovs n/xiovs /cot ^woTrotouy aravpovs
lSiox<sipti>S TTiJ^ovTey Tpv irapovaav eyypa(pov dacpdXetav
Kal reXeiav StdXvatv irotod/xev els v/xds Qw/xd fiaairaQapr/

APPENDICES TO CHAPTER III 81
aariKptrrj eiroirrri Oetro-oXovt/cpy. ^/xeis /xev ol f/yov/xevoi
»- ' -^ t \ t „ t „,
/xera rwv j^wptaTwv uTrep iraaris rris Koivorrfros rris vwpay,
rj/xeis oe ot Asjwvtrat povaxoi virep iravrwv rwv /xovaxwv
rod AQiovos rod opovs.
ijireiSri irpo ¦xpdvov nvos iirwXriaav ety TOuy ywptaToy
Ti/v 'Trop auTwv /coTej^o/xevjjv KXaa/xariKr/v yrjv, ov Stexwptaav
Se TO ewy ttou 6(pelXovat Seairdi^etv ol dyopd^ovres /cot
eKeiQev ol 'AQwvirai, Sta rodro ela^XQo/xev iv QeaaaXoviKr],
Kai evdoiriov rod iravev(p^/xov irpwreirdirrov KoTO/cetXwv, /cot
Tpriyopiov rod dyioorarov ri/xwv apxteirtaKoirov, Qw/id
iSaairaQapiou rod T^ouXa, /cot Zwiy/CTOU [Z. ZwjJtou? cf,
the Staxoopta/xds OX Koto/coXwv] ^aairaQapiov Kpirod, Kal
aod rod irpoeipri/xevov iiroirrov, ey/cXpcrtv eiroiriaa/xeQa
iirtXrirodvres j^wpttr^^vot to rod *A0wvoy opta dirb, rrjs
Stair paQeiaris yrjs.
Kot ^p.eis /xev ol r'rjs X'^P^'^ iXeyo/xev elvai rr/v rj/xerepav
Seairorelav ewy tou Zuyou, iKeiQev Se riov 'AQwvtriov. fj/xeis
Se oi 'AQoovirat dvreXeyo/xev iraXtv on Kara iroXii /xepos
ovij/cet Trpoy ^/xds iK rrjs irap' v/xiov i^wvr/Qelaris yrjs.
Tlepl tovtwv iroXXd (ptXovtK^aavres avveiSo/xev d/x(pdrepoi
Kal avve^i^aaQri/xev yeveaQai ovrws, — tvo oxo ro irXfipw/xa
riov vwpad)twv Toi; ^vpod oleQoStov ^ irpos rov Ztvyov
Koirodv rd trvvopa diro QaXaaaav ety 0aXacro-av, /cot to
/xev irpbs rbv Zvybv iravra ^wpo^ta Te /cat j^epcro Iva
wai rrjs Seairoreias riov 'AQwvtriov, diro Se ra rotadra
avvopa Kal irpbs rbv 'Eptaaov 'Iva doai iravra rrjs Seairoreias
riov dyopaadvrwv Kal rod KoXo/Sou, /cot /xvTe fj/xeis ol
'AQwvirai dirb to rotadra avvopa Kal irpos rov Epiaaov
exo/xev i^ovaiav rb avvoXov eiri^iireiv, /x^re fi/xeis ot r^s
ywpoy OTTO to TOtouTO avvopa koi irpbs rbv "AQwva e'l^etv
Ttva i^ovaiav.
Kot ety TOUTO av/xipwv^aavres Kal dpeaQivres i^ijacpaXi-
ad/xeQa irpos ae rbv iirdirrriv "va Karavvy^s koi i^eXQris
Kal Siax<>i>pi'rrts fi/xds KaQdos kui avve^ij3aaOri/xev.
OTov ^e /xepos dvnXoyriaei /cot ovk da/xeviaei els radra
' i, e, the monastery of S. Christina. Cf. signatories, and the
SiaxiopuT/JLOi of KaTOUcoX<i>v,
LAKB. H. A. F

82 JOHANNES KOLOBOS

t t

ra irpoeipri/xeva, ev irpwrois opvpTpy eo-Tt rris ayias Kat
b/xoovaiov TpiaSos, Kal tevos r'rjs riov Xptariavwv iriarews
Kal r'rjs /xovaxiKrjs Karaardaews, eiretra Kal KaraStKdl^eaQai
SiKaiw/xevov rod e/x/xevods Kal arepyovros /xepovs «y t"
elpri/xeva av/x<pwva.
"E^wQev Se rovrwv r^etv ^/xds Kal r^v KaQeSpav riov
Yepdvrwv rwv iv rip Xpvao^ovXXiip /xvij/xovevo/xevr/v.
Els radra irdvra dpeaQivres irpoerd^a/xev rovs n/xlovs
Kal ^woirotovs aravpovs, ypa(pevros rod vcpovs Sid j(etpoy
Ari/xr/rpiov KXripiKod kov^ovkXIwv koI dpipavorpdipov, iv /xrjvl
Motc^ 'IvSiKTtdvos te.
Tpriydptos iXaxicrros dpxieiriaKoiros OeaaaXoviKris
/xaprvs rois irpoyeypa/x/xevots vireypa'^^a IStox'^ipos.
'Ev dvo/xan irarpbs ktX. Qw/xds fiaairaQdpris, vordpios
rSiv KO/xepKwv irapei/xi iirl irdai rots irpoyeypa/x/xevois
/xaprvs vireypa'^a ISioxelpBos.
SaalXeios KavSiSdros b ^ipiviapris irapei/xt ktX.
'Ev dvo/xan irarpbs ktX. Mtj^opX /cXppt/coy irapet/xt ktX.
'Ev dvo/xan irarpbs ktX. Tpriydpios ^aairaQapr/s d
^ovaKOS irdpei/xi ktX.
The text is taken from Porphyrins Uspenski,
op. eit., p. 318.
D. Decision op KaTaKoXoiv Kdcrtra^ as to the
boundary between the monastic land of Moxmi
Athos and the teeritoey of Hieeissos. a.d. 882
Twv jSotrtXe'wv ^/xwv twv dyiwv iSe^a/xeQa irpdaray/xa
Iva a/xa Tpr/yopltp r^ dyiip dpxi^T'KrKdirip QeaaaXoviKrjs
Kal Zw^T(p Kao-JTO/coy (sic) iirl rod oIkcIov Kal Kpirod rod
Qe/xaros iceXQw/xev iirtroiriws iv Tp ivopia rod 'leptaaod
Kal Staxoopiaw/xev rriv yrjv riov re /xovaxwv riov iv rip
"AQwvi Kal riov olKr/rdpwv rod Kdarpov 'lepiaaod Kara rr/v
irpd^tv Qw/xd KaairaKos koi iiroirrov rod /xetpoKof^ovXov,
Kal evSov diroaraXeiaris irpbs fi/xds rrjs "^^(pov K.oa/xd rod
iravev(pi^/xov /xayiarpov. Todro Se Kal ireiroifjKa/xev Kal
yevo/xevoi Kara roirov a/xa rois elpri/xevots rjroi rw dpxieiri-

APPENDICES TO CHAPTER IH 83
aK0ir(p Kat rip otiXxeQevri 'K.dairaKt av/xirapdvrwv ij/xlv
Iwawov rod baibcrrdrov iiruTKoirov 'EpKOvXwv, TTapiXov
i\aairaKOS, Kai iirl twv olKeiOKihv '2rre<pdvov, Kal eyyiara
rijs oiKeioKrjs rpairelQjs 'Avaaraaiov KdairoKos koi irpbs
rrjs iroprris QeaaaXoviKr/s 'AvSpeov HdairoKOs Kal j^oprou-
Xaptov rod Qe/xaros, K.wvaravrivov KXr/pucov kcu KOvj3ovKXr]-
aiov, Oeoowpov icXtipiKOv kou oIkovo/xov rrjs dyiurrdrris
apxieiriaKOir^S Oeaaa'XoviKrjs, EvQv/xiov /xovaxov kcu tiyov-
/xevtrv rrjs /lov^s riov TTepiarepwv, Tpriyopiov /xovaxod kui
t/yovfievov /xov^s rod 'Opipavod^ 'AvSpeov /xovaxov Kal
^yov/xevov /xovrjs rod ^/irrjXaiilrrov, ^re(pavov KaairoKOs rod
DapSavoirovXov, i^Ikov 'A/xavSvrov, Axi/xtirpiov Seix- twv
IRrj/xapiwv koi evi avrwv Siexcp'cra/xev rriv yrjv d/x(porepwv
rwv fxepwv, fjtoi riov 'AQwvtrwv kui rwv olKtirdpwv 'lepiaaod,
iroi^aavres rr/v kut dpxrjv rris vorias QaXaaaris, ^yow dirb
Ttjv KUT^ dpxh" Tod KoXirov rrjs 'A/x/xovXiav^s.
Kal eariv b Siaxoepia/xbs ovrws' dirapxerai /xev diro rov
PaQvv pvuKU rov Karevavn Kei/xevov riov Xeyo/xevwv iraXaiwv
iraXariwv rris 'A/i./xovXiavrjs Kal dvurpex^i d>s irpos ra
Xypdipia T'ris /xovrjs r'rjs dyius Xpiarivris, iv ^ rdirip kui
XiQoawpeia lararai eK iroXXwv XiQwv avyKet/xevrj Kai
inroKarw r^s XiQoawpeias ws irpos rrfv avaroXrpi laravrai
Spves KuQe^rjs "Xavpano/xevau, kuI diroSlSei Tp ladrr/n fxexpis
eripov pvoKOs, Kal dirb rbv pvuKa xnrep^alvet rb pux^ivi Kixi
Karepxerai els Tpv YXo/xirovr'Qara, Kal irepav rod pvaKOS
eiai Spves KCii irreXeai Xavparw/xevat kui KuQe^rjs Tp laorr/n
us irpbs rr/v QaXaaaav diroSiSei els rb iraXatov yvarepviv
dvuKU/xirei irpos ro irapoKei/xevov avxp'iv ev w eariv ro
XiQo/xdvSpiov TO dpxcuov rod KoXojSou, o-jrep ianv eawQev
rod irepiopia/xov rrjs yrjs riov 'AQwvirwv Kat airo ro avxeviv
diroSiSei eis ireStvbv rdirov iv ip elal ^povXeai, kui airo rSrv
roiovrani rdiroav KaQe^rjs dvaKa/xirrei irpos ro dvriKei/ievov
avxeviv, Kul Korepx^rai r^ ladttjri M^X/» ^py QaXaaaris rrjs
^opeiv'rjs. Ovrw ^taj^wptVavTey kuI avvopa irtj^avres, kuQws kui b
rdiros Siexuptirev avrois, koi iyypd(pws rrjv irpd^tv fj/xdiv
' 1. 'OpOoyoiiArov ? Ci. signatories to the agreement on p. 80,
f2

84 JOHANNES KOLOBOS
diroari/xeiwaa/xevoi eirtSeSwKa/xev d/xiporipots rois /xepeai —
Kurexovat Se ol avrol /xovaxol rod "AQwvos Kal rriv KaOr/Spav
riov Yepdvrwv, KaQdos kui irpoKareixov avrt^v, Kara riv
Svva/xiv rod Xpva/SovXXov outwv - — atppaylaavres Sta
/xoXv^Sov rfj avvr/Qei acppayiSi ri/xwv, /xr/vi Avyovanp,
IvSiKTiwvos ct, /rr<-j.^ [882 A. D.]
+ KoTo/coXwv Kdaira^, arparrjXarris QeaaaXoviKris,
-i- Ypriydptos, dpX'eTt'cr/co'Troy QeaaaXoviKris.
+ EijQv/xios, /lovaxbs koi ^yov/xevos rrjs /xovrjs Tlepitrrepiov.
And the others, whose names are given in the first
part of the document.
The text is takenfrom the BvCdvTLvaXpovi,Kd,yol. v,
1898, pp. 485 f. [published in St. Petersburg and in
Leipzig by K. L. Rickev] from a collection of docu
ments copied from a MS. in the Laura by the Pro
egoumenos Alexandres of that monastery. The
original is said, I beUeve correctly, to be extant in
the archives of the /coivorijs at Caryes.

E. Chrysobull of Leo VI
. , . irdaris irapevo^xX^aews . • . eXevQeptal^ovres irepiard-
aewv . . . rip o/x/xan . . • T^y jSaaiXeias inrepevxovro, roivvv
Kai rois daKrirais airaai . . . iraXai /xev b iv Tp Qeiii XiJ^et
irarrip ft/xwv /cot ^aaiXevs aiyiXXiov i^ alr^aews 'Iwavvov
rod eiriXeyo/xevov KoXo^od Xa^eiv iSiKaiwae rod irept(pvXdr-
reaQat iravras rovs ev rip avrw dpei axoXdl^ovras rovs
Qeiovs dvSpas iv Siacpdpots KaraaKrivtoaeai, /cot Trpoy rovrois
Kal rriv irap aijrov 'Iwavvov veovpyriQeiaav /xovrjv T?y roiavrris
irpovoias KarairoXaveiv, Kat Kurex'^tv rrjv ivopiav rod
'Epiaaod Kal fxdvov. Kot T^y roiavrris Qeias KeXevaews
rod iv rfj /xaKapia Xr/^ei irarpbs ri/xiov /cat /SaatXews iirl
Xpdvovs nvas Kparriaaaris' varepoP Se irpoaeXQdvres ol rrjs
/xovrjs K.oXol3od iv apj^p rijs ri/xerepas avroKparopias, kuI
' Gerasimos Smymakes, 1, c, p, 23, quotes the last part of
this document. He gives the same year, but the fifteenth
instead of the first indiction.

APPENDICES TO CHAPTER III 86
irXaytws StSa^avres ws iv rd^et iiriKvpwriKod rod ev rfj Qeia
Xpfet irarpbs rj/xwv /cot ^aaiXews aiyiXXiov iirel^i^rr/aav, iv
(p irapaXoyws Tpy tou atytXXlov /xerevexQ^vres rdPews,
Xapio-riKrjs rvirov, ws ovk w(peXe, Sieypd^avro, Kal irepi-
opia/xov exQe/xevoi ax^Sbv rbv oXov ety Seairorelav Kal
Kvptorrira KuraKpan^aavres "AQwva, /cot Trpoy rovrois Kal
X<^pta, airo re riov Xeyo/xevwv ^tSr/poKavaiwv Kal riov
XXw/xovrXdov Kal dXXwv Ttvwv, Kal irpbs rovrois Kal
/xovaarripia diro re rod Mouo-TCi/cwvoy, tou KapStoyvooarov,
Kat rod 'AQavaaiov Kat rod Aou/ca, Kal rriv roov yepdvrwv dp-
j^oFov KaQeSpav, 'EireiSri Se e/c rod fxvrod ireptwvv/xov opovs
AQwvos 'AvSpeas b evXa^eararos /uovoj^oy /cat irpdoros,
rjavxaarris rod avrod Spovs diro irpoawirov iravrwv rdov
iKeiae axoXaXpvrwv Qeiwv dvSpdov, rriv ^aaiXevovaav /coto-
Xa^dov, iSefiQr] rrjs ri/xeripas ^aaiXeias dvaSiSd^as wy ot T^y
/xovrjs rod Ji.oXo/3od r^s roiavrris iireiXri/x/xevoi irpoipdaews,
Kal ety SiKalw/xa rrjs dSiKws Tpvi/couTo yevo/xevrjs Kara
iravovpyiav ireptypa(p^s tov outov x'^pTiJv irpoKO/xi^ovres,
KareKpdrriaav rb oXov opos rod "AQwvos, /cot TOuy ev outw
o-^oXa^ovToy Qeiovs dvSpas, <<)y utto t^t'ov irapoiKiav, iroXXuKis
StairXriKTiXp/xevoi, dirocpaivovrai /cat diroStdoKetv, wairep dirb
oheiwv KTri/xdrwv, la'xypws Starelvovrai, /cot Trpoy rovrois
vo/xaSiKov irpoaareiov rov dXov SiUKparodvres AQwva, kuI
rdov TrXptrto^outrwv J^wpwv etVa'yovTey to ^oaKij/xara Kal
rd virep rrjs rovrwv vo/xijs KO/xiXp/xevoi, /xtKpod Seiv dire-
Xavveiv avrovs iKeiQev TrovTeXwy e/cjStci^ovTot. Trpoy TOUTOty Se
Kal e/c TOU /xepovs rdov elpij/xevwv X'^pwv auvoveXQo'vTey tw
auT^ euXa/Seo-TOTy dvSpl irepl r^s roiavrris irXeove^las kui
irapaXdyov Karaaxio-ews rdov rrjs /xovrjs rod KoXo/Sou Kare-
^driaav. Tlepl wv Se^d/xevos b irpwroairaQaptos Ni/cp^<>poy,
(^ iirdovv/xov rod Evirpd^ri, dKpi^dl>s Siepevvr/aaaQat, rriv
dXr/Qetav ovrws ej^eiv Tp j3aaiXei(jL ^/xdov avr/veyKaro, koi
Se^d/xevos irapa r^s ^aaiXeias fi/xdi>v d/x^drepa avriov ra
/xepr/, Tpv jSatriXeuoutrov KaraXa^eiv 'irpoaera^ev. Kot S^,
eirl Tp irapovaiif. rod irpwroairaQapiov Nt/cp^o'pou, SoQevros
irapd rod fiyov/xevov rrjs /xovrjs rod KoXo/3ou ety irpoawirov
rrjs oheias /xovrjs Tlaxo/^iov koi 'AQavaaiov /xovaxd^", Kai
dfxcpoTepwv rdov /xepZv irapayevo/xevwv, /cat e^eraaQevrwv

80 JOHANNES KOLOBOS
KeXevaei rrjs ^aatXeias ^/xdov iirl ^reifrdvov /xayiarpov Kal Kwv-
aravrivov ^aatXiKod irpwroairaQapiov /cat irpwraaiKpirov,
Kal ^aaiXelov irpioroairaQapiov kuI iirl rdov Se^aewv iirl rod
irepiwvv/xov aeKperov rdov aariKpinwv, evpeQriaav rats aXri-
Qeiais irapaXoyws irpoypa(pevra ra rotadra rdirta ev rw
irapaXoyws yevo/xevip X*^/""? ''"^^ ^aaiXelas ri/xdov. oirep Sr/
Kal avrol ol irpoeipri/xevot /xovaxol rod /xepovs rod KoXo^od
iiri rfj irapovai(i iravrwv avvo/xoXoy^aavres KareQevro.
Tadra ovv f/ Qeoirpo^Xr/ros rj/xdov ^aaiXeia irap avriov
dva/xaQodaa Kal ras rrjs SiKutoavvris d/coay ev/xevdos iiriKXi-
vaaa, iirera^aro rbv roiodrov rr]vtKadra irapaXoyws yevd-
/xevov x^jOTijv SiapprixQrjvai, Sta(pvXarreaQat Se Kara rriv
yvw/xriv rod iv rfj Qelcx Xp^et irarpos ^/xdov Kal j3aatXews
irdvras rovs iv rw "AQwvi crxoXct^ovToy /xovaxovs dirapevox-
Xf/Touy OTTO iravroias eirrjpeias kui r^s dos et/coy iyyivo/xevr/s
irapevo'xX^aews, doaavrws kui ra X*"/"'* Karex^iv aKaivoro-
/xrira rd 'iSia SiKaia, rovs Se r^s /xovrjs rod KoXojSou
dpKeiaQai, Kara rbv x<^pTriv rod iv rfj Qeiii Xrj^et irarpos
^/xdov Kal ^aaiXews els rhv rrjs ivoplas 'Epiaaod SiaKparriatv,
Kal rhv Karavo/xhv /xdvr/v rdov Ko/uevwv avv rois rdirots
rdi>v d/xireXtovwv /cat Kriirovpiwv avrdov /cot /xdvov. Td ^e
XotTrd TTOVTO KXaa/xara rdov re Koywevwv /cot twv XotTrwv,
Kara rbv rvirov rdov KXaa/xariKdov, iXevQepiaXeiv Kal ve/xeaOai
avra iravras rovs irapuKei/xevovs. Ato Kat irpos ireptaao-
repav daipaXetav Kal Sir/veK'rj SiKaiwatv rod re /xepovs rdov
iv rw opei rod "AQwvos daKrirdov, /cot twv X'^P^'"" dirdXavaiv
Kal KaraSiKriv rod /xepovs rod KoXo/3ou rb irapbv hfxdi>v
evae^es atytXXidoSes iv /xe/xppdvais ypd/x/xa iiriKopwriKOv
rod iv Tp Qeia XiJ^et irarpbs f/f'dov Kal fiaaiXews iirtSoQrjvat
rip /xepei rdov iv rw "AQwvi daKrjrdov iKeXevaa/xev, yeyevri/xevov
Kara rov . . . /xrjva . . . IvSikt  , iv (S koi rb hfxerepov
evae^es Kai Qeoirpd^Xrirov vireat]/xrivaro /cpoToy . . .
Taken from Porphyrins Uspenski, op. eit., p. 296.

CHAPTER IV
THE MONKS OF MOUNT ATHOS AND THE
COMING OF ATHANASIUS
The last chapter described the state of things at
the beginning of the tenth century, when the monks
of Mount Athos had triumphed over their oppressors
and 'protectors', the monks of Kolobou, and were
beginning to adopt something of the nature of a
common organization. The next few years are
blank. The only ray of Ught, and that a very feeble
one, is afforded by the ChrysobuU of Romanus which
ratified those of BasU and of Leo. As was pointed
out, nothing was said in the ChrysobuU of Leo as
to the protectorate over the mountain or about the
KadeSpa rav yepovrojv ; but both these points are
mentioned in the ChrysobuU of Romanus, which
belongs either to the year 919-20 (or perhaps the
year 934-5, only the indiction being given). A pos
sible interpretation of this fact is that the controversy
between the monks of Kolobou and the hermits of
Mount Athos stiU continued, and that the former
insisted that the meaning of the ChrysobuU of Leo
was to confirm that of BasU, and thus to grant them
a protectorate over the mountain, whUe the monks
of Mount Athos insisted, more or less as a counter
claim, on their privUeges in connexion with the
KadeSpa t5>v yepovroiv. If this be so it would

88 THE MONKS AND ATHANASIUS
appear that both parties succeeded in establishing
their claim.
If the tradition of the mountain be trustworthy,
one other point of interest ought to be added.
According to this BasUeios, the writer of the Ufe
of Euthymius, who was MetropoUtan of Thessalonica
some time after 905,^ founded a monastery (or
laura?) on Mount Athos. This monastery is further
identified with the ruined foundation on the north
coast of the mountain, and according to two MSS.
of the book called \6oivid<5,^ in the Russian con
vent on Mount Athos, was known as the monastery
TOU TLvpyov, or as tov Sturijpos ; it would also appear
to have been dedicated to the Ascension, and
perhaps the full name was t'^s dvaXv^T/zecus tov
Swrijpos, just as the full name of Pantocrator is
TIJS perapopifxtia-eio^ tov iravTOKpdTopo<;. That this
monastery existed is of course certain, but in the
absence of corroborative proof it is far from being
equally certain that it was founded early in the
tenth century by BasUeios of Thessalonica. It is
interesting to note , that according to the life of
St, Bartholomew of Simeri^ it was early in the
twelfth century the property of a Byzantine named
KalUmeris, who gave it to Bartholomew. The
^ Cf, Petit, Saint Euthyme le jeune, p. 6, and ^chos de I'Orient,
iv (1901), p, 221.
' Cod. Ath, Pantel, 5788 and 5789, For the facts concerning
the book 'A^tovtas, see Gedeon, o "Mm^, p. 69, It was written
by Sophronios Kallijas, before 1855, and published at Smyrna
after 1870,
" Acta SS. Sept., vol, vii^ p. 821 c.

THE MONKS AND ATHANASIUS 89
latter reformed it, and it is stated in his Ufe that
it therefore obtained the nickname of the monas
tery of the Calabrian. Of this name no trace can
be found in any surviving tradition. Finally, in
1281, according to the 'A^wi/tas, it was absorbed
by the neighbouring monastery of Chelandariou.
After this we know nothing abput the history of
the mountain untU the middle of the tenth cen
tury, when the various documents connected with
Athanasius the Athonite give us some valuable in
formation as to the history of the mountain during
the second half of this century.
These documents are (1) the life of Athanasius
the Athonite. This important document was written
by a younger Athanasius who had been a monk at
the laura under the saint, and wrote during the
abbacy of Eustratius, the second abbot. The original
MS. is said to be extant — I see no reason to doubt
the fact — in the archives of the Laura, and there are
several copies in various Ubraries on Mount Athos
and elsewhere. One of these copies, now in the
Library of the Synod at Moscow (No. 398 in the
catalogue of Vladimir), has been pubUshed, with use
ful indices,^ by J. Pomjalovski, St. Petersburg, 1895.
It would no doubt be desirable to have this collated
with the original, but for historical research the
printed text is a suficient basis of investigation.
(2) The Typicon or Kanonicon of Athanasius.
This is also probably stiU extant in the original
document, but is not shown to visitors. It is
pubUshed, from probably trustworthy copies, by

90 THE MONKS AND ATHANASIUS
Ph. Meyer in die naupturkunde fiir die Geschichte der
Athoskldster. (3) The Typicon of the Emperor Johannes Tzimis-
ces, also pubUshed in the Haupturkunde of Ph. Meyer,
From these documents a tolerably good idea can
be formed of the condition of the monks on the
mountain in the second half of the tenth century,
of the end of the history of the monks of Kolobou,
and of the changes introduced by Athanasius.
Athanasius the Athonite. Athanasius, whose name
before he became a monk was Abraham, was the son
of a rich and weU-bom famUy at Trebizond. He was
bom early in the tenth century, but his father died
before his birth and his mother shortly afterwards,
so that he owed his bringing up first to a friend of
his mother and afterwards to relations in Constan
tinople. In this city he made the acquaintance of
Michael Maleinos, the abbot from Mount Kymina,
and his nephews Leo and Nicephorus Phocas, the
latter being the future emperor. He foUowed
Michael to Kymina to the monastery, which was
based on the model of the Studium ; but after a time
left it, and went to Mount Athos. Here he tried to
escape the notice of Leo and Nicephorus Phocas,
who were looking for him, by changing his name
and feigning to be a peasant. There were on the
mountain apparently a comparatively smaU number
of monks, some Uving in communities and some as
hermits, who acknowledged to some extent the
supremacy of one monk, the Protos, who aUotted
hermitages or cells to those who desired them.

THE MONKS AND ATHANASIUS 91
They assembled for the three great feasts of the
year at the laura ^ at Caryes. One of these com
munities (or perhaps one of the hermits) lived on
the hUl known as the Zu-yos, and to this Athanasius
attached himself. Mention is also made of another
monk named Paul, who was caUed "^-r^powoTapLvos,
probably because he Uved (again either as the head
of a laura or as a hermit) at the place caUed Xero-
potamos, where there is now a monastery of that
name. Athanasius could not keep his identity a secret.
First, the Protos— at that time a monk named
Stephanos — discovered him, but consented to keep
his secret and gave him a hermitage three stadia
distant from Caryes, and ultimately he was found
by Leo (according to the Vita, p. 24) or by a monk
named Methodius who was sent by Nicephorus
(according to the Kanonicon, Haupturkunde, p. 104),
and was persuaded to build a laura Uke that of
Michael Maleinos at the expense of Nicephorus.
This he did at the place caUed Melana where ' the
Laura ' stiU stands. According to the Vita the church
at Caryes was at the same time enlarged by the
generosity of Leo.
It is interesting to note that among the monks
who joined Athanasius was Nicephorus, a Calabrian,
who had formerly been a .companion of Fantinus.
It is further stated that when Nicephorus came to
join Athanasius, Fantinus went to Thessalonica.
^ The present Protaton : it has long lost the title of laura,
which is now only given to the foundation of Athanasius.

92 THE MONKS AND ATHANASIUS
This corroborates the short account of Fantinus
given in the Acta SS. Aug., vi, pp. 621 flf,, which
also states that Fantinus came to Thessalonica at
the end of his life. There is in the Laura a MS.
written, in a hand and style closely resembUng the
school of NUus,^ the friend of Fantinus, in 970, by
a scribe named Lukas. It is far from impossible
that Nicephorus introduced the Calabrian style of
writing into the Laura, or that Lukas Uke himself
came from Calabria.
The importance of this story for the history of
the monks on Mount Athos is that it estabUshes
(1) That Caryes had become, by the middle of the
tenth century, the general centre of the monks.
(2) That there was a generally recognized chief
monk, caUed the Protos. (3) That there were three
fixed times in the year — Christmas, Easter, and the
Assumption of the Virgin — at which the whole
body of monks used to assemble for the services in
the Church at Caryes. (4) That there were dotted
about the mountain various settlements of monks,
varying from hermitages to lauras, and of these
we can place one on the Zygos, one at Caryes, and
one at Xeropotamos, while we know from other
sources that there was another, caUed Klementos,
on the site of the present Iveron. Thus tbe
monastic development of the mountain, c. 950, may
fairly be said stiU to belong to the ' laura period '.
The Chrysobull given to Athanasius and the position
¦ See Journal of Theologkai Studies 1903-4,. 'The Greek
Monasteries in South Italy.'

THE MONKS AND ATHANASIUS 93
it created. The coming of Athanasius and his friend
ship with Nicephorus introduced a new factor into
the life of the monks. He obtained from the
emperor money with which to build a new and
magnificent foundation, and to this was granted
a Chrysobull giving it various valuable possessions
and complete independence from aU control by
any except the imperial authority. Thus, whereas
there was formerly only the monastery of Kolobou
with the semblance of a protectorate (among monks,
as elsewhere, often more advantageous to the pro
tector than valuable to the protected), there was now
founded, on the mountain itself, a rich and powerful
monastery containing over eighty monks, aU of whom
could go to Caryes, and take part in the affairs of
the general commonwealth of monks, and at the
same time could claim at any moment that, by the
virtue of the ChrysobuU of Nicephorus, their own
interests were immune from any interference by
the other fathers. If we consider that the other
settlements consisted of only a few monks each,
the unfairness of this arrangement is obvious ; the
new foundation could probably swamp aU the others,
if voting or discussion went by the numbers of
monks and not' by foundations.
ITie appeal of the Athonites against Athanasius. That
friction arose in this way between Athanasius and
the other monks is certain, but we possess little
knowledge ofthe detaUs. So long as Nicephorus
Uved it was obviously impossible to appeal to him
against the Athanasian monks ; but after his death

94 THE MONKS AND ATHANASIUS
his successor, Johannes Tzimisces, was approached
by the monks under the Protos Athanasius (who is
not to be confoimded with the saint) and the monk
Paul (whether Paul of Xeropotamos or another is not
certain) who drew attention to the quarrels between
Athanasius and the other monks. Their accusation
was that Athanasius interfered with and worried
the others, and that no means of peace could be
found. An imperial inquiry was therefore held
under Euthymius, a monk of the Studium, who
decided that the quarrel was chiefly due to the
attempts of Satan to make mischief, reconciled the
monks, and drew up a series of regulations for the
future conduct of the mountain. Among these
regulations the part of the enactment, which for the
present purpose is important, is that the annual
meetings at Caryes should be reduced from three to
one, and strictly confined to abbots and hermits.
The victory of Athanasius, and the rule of the
Studium. The general effect of this regulation was
to give Athanasius more rather than less freedom,
even though those of his monks who were neither
/ceXXiwrai nor r)crvxo-o'Tai could no longer come to
Caryes. Moreover the choice of a Studite to con
duct the inquiry was itself practically a decision
in favour of Athanasius, for the Laura — a laura
only in name — ^was founded on the model of the
Studium. Indeed it would not be too much to
say that the real question at issue was whether
Mount Athos should keep the loose organization of
the old days or adopt the stricter regulations intro-

THE MONKS AND ATHANASIUS 95
duced by Theodore the Studite, adopted by Michael
Maleinos on Mount Kymena, and brought thence
by Athanasius to Mount Athos. Obviously the
choice of Euthymius, himself a monk of the Studium,
was practicaUy the doom of the old Ufe and the
triumph of the Studite system.
The result was the rapid foundation of other
monasteries with the same or almost the same
constitution as the laura. But with their founda
tion begins a new period in the history of Mount
Athos, which faUs outside the purpose of the
present treatise.
The end of Kolobou. It remains to trace the
closing scenes in the history of Kolobou and its
ultimate absorption by the monks of the mountain.
The point on which friction arose in the second
half of the tenth century between Kolobou and the
monks of Mount Athos was the KaOeBpa rdtv yepov-
TOiv to which reference was made in the ChrysobuUs
of BasU and Romanus. It therefore becomes im
portant to inquire what this KadeSpa reaUy was.
The view which is usuaUy held by those of the
monks who have ever heard of it is that it was
the meeting-place of the monks under the presi
dency of the Protos, and that it was moved from
Erissos to Caryes during the tenth century. Its
position is fixed by one tradition at Purgoudia, by
another at Probolii^ I believe that the whole of
^ I am not quite sure where Proboli is : it does not appear
on any map which I have seen, but I understand from the
monks that it is a little south of Xerxes' canal.

96 THE MONKS AND ATHANASIUS
this theory, including the identification of the site,
is quite modem and of no intrinsic value. The most
important evidence as to the site is that in the
report of Thomas Kaspax it is apparently defined
as not being in the neighbourhood of the boundary
between the Athonites and the Erissiotes, from
which I conclude that it was in or near the town
itself. The idea that the monks used to come to
Erissos for general meetings is bound up with the
prevalent view that the early monasteries were all
near the canal of Xerxes and that Athanasius the
Athonite was the first to go to the mountain itself.
If so, of course a general meeting-place at Erissos
is more probable than one at Caryes, but I am
inclined to combat the whole theory. It is true
that the tradition which ascribed the foundation
of the monasteries Xeropotamos and St. Paul to
a certain Paulus, son of Michael the Emperor, is
bound up with an obvious forgery (cf. Meyer, op. eit,
¦p. 30), but this does not alter the facts that there was
a Paulus of Xeropotamos in the time of Athanasius,
that & monastery of some sort — Klementos — existed
before the time of the latter close to the present
site of Iveron, and that the monks were accustomed
to meet at Caryes, long before the foundation of the
Laura, and had a little church there, as the Ufe of
Athanasius expUcitly states. Therefore I think
that the theory which confines the monks to the
canal end of the mountain and makes Erissos a
convenient place for meetings is baseless. If so,
the KdOihpa rmv yepovrwv cannot have been used

THE MONKS AND ATHANASIUS 97
for the purpose of general meetings, and I suggest
that it was merely a house at which the monks or
hermits used to stay when they came to Erissos in
order to buy provisions and clothes. It was, in fact,
what the monks would now caU a kovukl in Erissos,
belonging partly to Kolobou and partly to the
Athonites, but chiefly to the former.
If this theory be correct (it is, of course, quite as
much a guess founded on general considerations of
probabiUty as the rival view), the next important
stage in the history of Kolobou is connected with
the last by the KaOSpau
It appears from the document given by the Protos
Thomas to Johannes the Georgian in 985 (Appen
dix C) that there was a prolonged struggle between
Kolobou and the Athonites as to the right which the
latter had to hospitaUty in the monasteiy when they
came to Erissos,^ It does not actuaUy identify this
with the KadeSpa, but it very nearly does so, and in
the absence of evidence I think it is fairly safe to
assume that this is the meaning of the passage.
Otherwise we have the improbable theory that
there were two spots in Erissos which were a
source of contention between the Athonites and
Kolobou, that they were both used by the same
people, but that documents referring to the one
never mention the other.
^ , , , etxpy tt.p)^6ei' crwriOeuiv . . . iropa/SoXctv cv avru xat /xivtiv
KoX i(r6ieiv . , , Trpocrorrrd Ttva iiJ.(j>avrj tZv dp)(aimv yepovTtav SeemS
to me a paraphrase for the KojOiB/m, and i$€px6/i.evoL th 'Icpio-o-ov
(nravCws Sta. Ttva -j^tav defines the use to which it was put —
not consultation between monks, but shopping in the village,
IiAES. II. A. G

98 THE MONKS AND ATHANASIUS
Assuming that my view may be correct, we can
then easily reconstruct the history of the dispute
up to the end of the separate existence of Kolobou.
As the monks on the mountain increased in
numbers the frequency of their visits to Erissos
became greater, and the constant arrival of monks
at the quarters set apart for the purpose became an
intolerable nuisance to Kolobou. OriginaUy, no
doubt, the yipovreq covered aU the monks from the
mountain, at least by courtesy, just as it does now,
but strictly not every monk is a yipwv in the technical
sense, and probably the first step of the monks of
Kolobou was to enforce the distinction, and to in
quire carefuUy as to the bona fides of travellers who
claimed to be Athonite yepovre^. The procedure,
though natural, must have given rise to constant
friction, and at last the monastery refused to keep
up the custom any longer. From the point of view
of the monks of Kolobou this was the end of the
matter, and it was reached about 975.
It may be argued that the Chrysobull of BasU
and Romanus would have prevented this if the
KaOeSpa tS>v yepovTOiv had been the quarters in
which the Athonites stayed at Kolobou, but it must
be remembered that ChrysobuUs, though a good
argument in a court of law, were of no value against
an abbot who shut his doors, especiaUy when the
same BuUs had once made him in some way the
Protector of the Mountain.
But though the monks of Kolobou might regard
the matter as settled, the Athonites, who were

THE MONKS AND ATHANASIUS 99
rapidly growing in numbers and importance, were
naturally not disposed to leave it where it was. If
Kolobou would not receive them as guests it must
be made to acknowledge them as masters, and they
made appeals to the emperor to give them the
monastery. Athanasius of the Laura, ' the Studite '
(probably Euthymius the Studite, cf. Meyer, op. eit.,
p. 31), and Johannes the Georgian petitioned John
Tsimisces for this purpose, and two requests were
addressed to BasU, one by the monks Sabas^, Malenas,
and Thomas" Pitharas, and a second by Georgias
Chalandare ; but none of these attempts were success
ful. Finally, however, in 980, Johannes the Georgian,
who possessed monasteries in his own land, effected
an exchange with the emperor, giving the monasteries
of Iverissa in Constantinople and S. Phocas in Trebi
zond in exchange for the monasteries of Leontia in
Thessalonica, of Kolobou in Erissos (see Appendix B),
and of Clementos on Mount Athos.
This, of course, completely altered the case, and
Johannes, who was anxious to found a Georgian
monastery (the present Iveron) in place of the little
laura of St. John the Forerunner at Clementos,
conceded the Athonites aU tbat they wished in
Erissos, purchased still more land for them, and
built them a good house for their use when visiting
the town.
' Perhaps ^d/S/Sai /xovaxoi /cat pyov/icvos /cat /cou/SouKXetcrios,
the last signatory of the Tvitikov of John Tsimisces (Meyer,
op. eit, p. 187),
' Perhaps the abbot who was afterwards the IIpuJTos,
g2

100 THE MONKS AND ATHANASIUS
This is the end of the known history of Kolobou ;
I do not think that it is ever mentioned again in
extant documents, and there can be Uttle doubt
but that it rapidly became merely a dependency
of Iveron, little, if at aU, differing from a farm.
It only remains to sum up the broad results of
this investigation. The life of Peter the Athonite
and the first period of the life of Euthymius on
Mount Athos seem to be the best attested proofs
which exist for the hermit period on the mountain.
No doubt there were many more whose names ^
have been forgotten. We have no right even to
assume that Peter was the first hermit on the
mountain: it is quite possible that he had many
predecessors, and that he should rather be regarded
as owing his fame to the fact that the end of his life
overlapped the beginning of the aext period. On
the other hand, there is no proof that this was the
case ; Peter and Euthymius remain as the two
definite examples of hermits on Mount Athos in the
ninth century, nor is there any historical proof that
there were any earUer.
After the hermit period comes that of the lauras
— loosely organized bodies of hermits who met
together at intervals and had a common centre in
the ceU of some one outstanding anchorite. This
period is represented by the second part of thfe
life of Euthymius and by the various scraps of
* Cf. the mention of Joseph the Armenian and Onuphrius
in the life of Euthymius.

THE MONKS AND ATHANASIUS 101
evidence which cover the period from his leaving
the mountain shortly before 870 to the founda
tion of the great Laura of Athanasius a century
later. So far as we can see, the most important
incident in this period was the acquirement of
privileges for the monks by Johannes Kolobos and
the subsequent struggle between the monks of the
monastery of Kolobou and those on the mountain
for the advantages offered by these privUeges, The
most notable result of this struggle was a marked
tendency to a more developed organization and
the recognition of Caryes as a centre for the monks
under the leadership of one of their number called
the Protos.
This type of loose organization and the period
which it marked was closed by the triumph of the
Studite system introduced by Athanasius, and with
his triumph the present history of the mountain
may be said to begin; for from that day to this.
it has represented the continuance of the Studite
system, with developments and changes of detail,
it is true, but with no essential or constitutional
revolution unless the introduction of idiorhythmism
be so regarded. The treatment of this long period,
stiU unclosed, would be the worthy subject of much
research, and could probably be carried out success
fully if the monks would open their archives, but it
is outside the purpose of this treatise, which only
professes to deal with the pre- Athanasian history of
the mountain, and is closed by the triumph of that
saint and the introduction of the Studite system.

APPENDICES TO CHAPTER IV
A. Chrysobull of Romanus, Constantine,
Stephanus, and Constantine, a.d. 919,
'Ev dvd/xari rod irarpos kui rod vlod kui rod dyiov irvev-
/xaros 'Pw/xavbs Kal Hwvaravrivos, ^ireipavos kuI Kwvo-Tav-
Tivoy TTtaTOt jSotrtXety 'Pw/xaiwv.
Td Tflty dyaQais irpa^eaiv iiraKoXovQeiv kuI ravras
iiriKvpodv ^aaiXiKtjs eariv aXr/Qdos irpovoias kui ayxivoias,
ws av /xdvi/xov rj ro dyaQov kui dvaXXoiiorov is dei, Sta
rodro rdov irpo hfxdov ^e^aatXevKirrwv xpv<ro^ovXXov iiri-
SeSwKorwv rois iv rip AQwvi daKr/rals, rodro Kal ^ fj/xerepa
iirtaKe^a/xevri Kal diroSe^a/xevrj ^aaiXeia, Sid rod irapovros
avrrjs evae^ovs eiriKvpoi ¦xpvaoj3ovXXiov Xdyov, rod irapa-
(pvXdrreaQai iravras rovs iv rip avrip dpet crxoXct^ovToy
Qeiovs dvSpas iv Staipdpots KaraaKrivtoaeai, /cat Trpdy rovrois
Kol rhv irapa rod YLoXo^od 'Iwavvov veovpyriQeiaav /xovhv
r'rjs roiavrris irpovoias KarairoXaveiv, kui Karexeiv rhv
ivopiav rod 'Epiaaod Kal /xdvov, koi dirXdiis irdv ei rt erepov
iv rip -xpvao^ovXXiip avaypaiperai, dirapairoir/rov Staipv-
XarreaQai, /xr/re irpoaQr/Kr/s /x^re vcpatpeaews rrjs olaaodv
ytvo/xevr/s. IlX^v rovro SiopiXp/xeQa, Iva Kul r/ i/x(pepo/xevij ev
rw avrtp -xpvao^ovXXtip apxaia rdov yepdvrwv KaQeSpa
dirapevo'xXriros Siarriprjrai diro iraaris iirrjpeias dyyapeias
Kal ^ri/xias, r'rjs dos et/coy iyyivo/xevr/s irapd re iiriaKOirwv
Kal dpxdvrwv kuI oXXou iravros, KaQdos ?v Kal i^ apx/is, dos
^e^alov KUl daipuXods ¦xprifxaril^ovros rod irapovros hfxdav
evae^ods X/"""'**/®*"'^''"' Xdyov yeyevr]/xevov Kurd rbv
avyovarov /xrjva rrjs e^Sd/xr/s iirtve/xr/aews iv (S Kal rb
h/xerepov evae^es Kat Qeoirpd^rirov virea^/xr/varo Kpdros.
Taken from Porphyrins Uspenski, op. eit, p. 299.

APPENDICES TO CHAPTER IV 103

B. Extract from a Document at Iveron, referring
to a Chrysobull of Basil Bulgaroktonos,
A.D. 980,
• , . Kat rod iravaoiSl/xov ^aaiXews Kup BocrtXetou tou
Tlopcpvpoyevv^rov Xpucr<)/3ouXXoy "yeyovwy Kurd rb <^ vir r]
[A. D, 980] eVoy tw /xovaxip 'Iwavvri Kal avyKeXXip rip
iopviKi(p, Kara rpdirov dvToXXo'yijy virayopevwv avrip
SwpriQijvai rhv /xovhv rhv Aeovrias ev r^ QeaaaXovlKri Kal rhv
/xovhv rod KoXojSou ev 'Epttro-w, Trpdy Se Kal rhv /xovhv rod
KX/JjUevToy, ^Tty eTr' dvo/xan /xev rod ri/xiov irpoSpd/xov /cot
l3airriarod 'Iwavvov KuQvSptrat, Kara Se rb opos rbv"AQwva
StuKetrai, dvQ twv iraprirrjaaro Svw /xovoov, rrjs re /xovijs rijs
lj3r]piaar]s, rrjs iv r^ /3aaiXiSt rdov irdXewv rvyxavovaris,
Kal rtjs /xovrjs rod dyiov $w/ca T^y ev TpoTrerouvTi
SiaKet/xevrjS. . . .
The text is taken from Uspenski, op. eit., p. 333.

C. Settlement of part of the Estate of Kolobou
ON THE Monks of Mount Athos bt Johannes
the Georgian, a. d. 985.
t Qwfxds /xovaxbs b HpwToy, f 'AQavaaios /xovaxos b rhs
Aavpas hyov/xevos. t 'Iwdvvi;y /xovaxbs b $o/ctvo'y,
f AavihX /xovaxbs /cat hyov/xevos- f 'Iwovviyy /xovaxos Kal
^yov/xevos b 'Arl^tirdvos. t 'IXop/wv /xovaxbs Kal rjyov/xevos.
t 'lwdvvi?y /xovaxbs kuI hyov/xevos rod AripOKaarpov.
t QedSwpos /xovaxbs Kal hyov/xevos. f 'Apaevtos /xovaxos
Kal hyov/xevos. t Atovutrtoy /xovaxos kuI irpea^vrepos.
t NtKri(pdpos /xovaxbs Kal ir pea /3vr epos, f Aou/cdy /xovaxos
Kal hyov/xevoS' f ^reipavos /xovaxbs koi ^yov/xevos-
f ^iXdSeX(pos /xovaxbs Kal irpeajSvrepos. f Nt/cj/^o'poy
/xovaxbs Kal irpea^vrepos. f Pet^pytoy /xovaxbs Kal hyov-
fxevos. t KuptXXoy /xovaxbs Kal hyov/xevos- t Kotr/ioy

104 THE MONKS AND ATHANASIUS
/xovaxbs Kal ^yov/xevos. fNedc^uToy /xovaxbs /cot hyov/xevos.
f "Zirecpavos /xovaxbs /cot irpea^vrepos rod KoT^apij.
f AwpdQeos /xovaxos Kat irpea^vrepos Kal ^yov/xevos.
f IlauXoy /xovaxos koI f/yov/xevos. f Nt(c<)Xooy /xovaxbs Kal
hyov/xevos rod DareireSiov.
'Ev dvo/xan rod irarpos Kat rod vtod kui rod ayiov
irvev/xaros, Qw/xds /xovaxos Tlpdoros /cot ol /xeQ' h/xdov riyov/xevoi
ol rovs n/xlovs aravpovs ISioxeipws ir^^avres, rovreirri
irporacavres Kal virora^avres avv rois dvd/xaatv hfxdov, rhv
irapovaav eyypacpov aacpaXetav Kcii direvredQev ijSr/ StaXvatv,
TiQe/xeQa /cot iroiod/xev olKeta hfxdov r^ yvio/xr/ Kat avro-
irpoaipenp jSouX^, Kal ovk eK rtvos dvayKris ri ^ias ^ 'xpeias
I7 yuerd SdXov, dXX' oXws olKeiix irpoQeaei Kal ^ovXr/aei
iravrwv rwv iv tw Opet /xovaxdov, els v/xds rov evXa^eararov
/xovaxov Kal r/yov/xevov rbv Kvptov 'Iwavvr/v rbv "l^ripa, kui
irpos rov /xovaxov Kat irpea^vrepov evQv/xwv rov vldv aov,
KCU els rovs /xerd ravra StaSdxovs ii/xdov rovs /xiXXovras ety
T^v avvepyi<x Qeod irotr/Qeiaav Aavpav riye/xovevetv, rhv eir
dvd/xari rhs iravayias Qeordrov tSpv/xivr/v koi Xeyo/xevr/v
rod KXi}/uevToy, iirl viroQeaei roiaSe : —
'ETret^^; ety to tou 'K.oXo^od /xovaarr/piov e'xov apx/jQev
avvrjQetav ol iv rip "Opet SiareXovvres /xovaxol ore iravreXdos
dXiyoi UTT^pxoi'j i^epxdaevos els 'lepiaabv airavlws Std nva
Xpeiav avayKUiav irapa^aXeiv iv avrw Kal /xeveiv ivlore
Kal iaQietV Kal rodro rives i^ outwv twv dXi'ywv /cot
evapiQ/xrirwv kuI ov^xt ^ovXd/xevos eKaaros, dXXd irpoawira
Ttva e/x(pavri rdov opxotwv yepovrwv. Ato kuI yoyyva/xbs
TToXXd/cty Kat (piXoveiKia /xera^v rdov /xovaxdov e/ctvetTO,
ireipw/xevwv Kat erepwv irapa/3aXeiv Kal /xh avyxwpov/xevwv,
tos >}Sr] Kal rod Kparodvros riyov/xivov rhv /xovhv /xh
^ovXo/xevov, elra kuI ety TrX^0oy iireKrdQevrwv rdov iv [tw]
"Opet /xovaxdov, iydyyvl^ov ol rrjs /xovrjs kuI els avrovs e/ceivouy
TOuy /xovaxovs rovs via tov irpos avrovs rov ^yov/xevov
^tXtav TTopajSoXovToy dXtyuKis r^ /xovfj Std rod ¦xpdvov
Kal o/xws direKOirriaav /cot avrol /cot ov^ dXXoy irape^aXXe
Tp /xov^ /xovaxos e/c tou Opovs fxe^xpi rod vdv, irXeov rdov
d/cTto tl SeK.a eTwv TropeXi/Xi'^OTWV e^ otou SrjXovdri ovSels
rdov dpx<xiwv ovre i^ h/^dov rdov vdv ireptdvrwv Iruxe ev t?

APPENDICES TO CHAPTER IV 105
^ov^ otaaSr/irore dvairavaews. 'Eirl rovrip Se irpoavire-
/xvr/aa/xev rovs evae^eis ^/x5>v ^aaiXeis SoQrjvai els i^ovaiav
rhv rotavrriv /xovhv np KaQ' fi/xds "Opet. Kot iirl /xev rod
Kvp Iwavvov rod ^aaiXews^ irpoavire/xvt]aev o re /xovaxbs
o ZiTovSiariov Kal b /xovaxps 'AQavdaios b T'ris Xavpas rdov
MeXovwv hyov/xevos Kal b evXa^eararos /xovaxps 'Iwdvvr/s b
l^rip d^Koaavres SoQrjvat rj/xiv rhv elprt/xev^v /xovriv, /cat
ov KareSe^aro b /SocrtXeuy. Kat irdXiv iirl rod Kvp
BaatXeiov'^ rod vdv eucre/3ouy j3aatXevovros direarelXa/xev
/xera ypa/x/xarwv Ser/riKdiiv rbv /xovaxov Qw/xdv rbv TltQapav
KUl rov /xovaxov ^d^fiav rbv MoXtvov, alrr/ad/xevoi irepl
rrjs eipri/xevr/s /xovrjs' Kal ovSe rore b jStwrtXeuy Karevevaev
ety rriv airrjaiv ri/xdov. 'Qs Se Kal irdXiv /xerd rodro
iypaip^a/xev Std Yewpyiov rod Xeyo/xevov XeXavSdpr/ irpbs
rov etpr]/xevov ^aaiXea Kal irpbs rbv irapaKOt/xto/xevov
ovSoXws r/KovaQri/xev dirr/Xiriaa/xev iravreXdos rrjs rotavrtis
viroQeaews /cot ou^ety ev r^ roiavrri /xov^ xape/3oXXev
eKTore. Tovtov Se yevo/xevov /cot T?y d/xvSpds iKeivris
avvrjQeias eKKOireiaris Sta re ro irXriQvvQrjvai rovs /xovaxovs
bis e'lpr/rat Kal Std rb ovk eK nvos evXdyov ri i^ovalas
yeyevrjaQai rhv avvriQetav iKeivr/v, dXXa /xovov (ptXlas rod
KaQr/yov/xevov vevovros r^s /xovrjs ware /cat d(p' orov irapi-
XojSev ouTijv d /xovaxos ^ricpavos Kal hyov/xevos ovSe Kav
iv rip irvXdovi avvextopiae irapUKVirreiv Ttvd e^ rj/xdov Kal
i(ppdvrtX,ev eKaaros avrov KaQdos ^Svva/xeQa ore Sta xpet'oy
ety 'lepiaaov irape^aXXo/xev,- dos /xriSe/xiav irpdcpacrtv evXoyov
exovres rbv hyov/xevov iKireipdl^etv ovSe ewy ¦^tXod p^/xarosr
MeTO ^e radra iravra ra elp^/xeva olKovo/xr/aavros rod Qeod
iSoQjj )} roiavrti /xovh els reXeiav Kvpidrrira kui dvacpaiperov
Seairorelav Kal vpoaeKvpioQr] Si' evae^ovs 'Xpvao^ovXXov
rod evae^eararov jSotrtXe'wy /cup HaatXelov r^ v/xerepif
eUayfardrri Xavpa rfj Xeyo/xevr/ rod HX^/xevros. Eira
Kal i^dSovs TToXXay /coTO/SoXdvTey Kal kotovs viroaravres
Kal els e/x(pavetav Kat eviropiav avrriv Karaarriaavres
dvipKoSd/xr/aav eviropov avrriv direpyaaaaQai, Kat eirei
avvf/pyriaev b Qebs ^irb rhv v/xerepav e^ovaiav /cot oetTTTOTetov
1 Johanneis Tzijoisceg. ^ gagij Bulgaroktonos.

106 THE MONKS AND ATHANASIUS
yeveaQai avrriv Qappr/aavres rfj v/xdov dyiwavvri Karaywytov
iv rw Kaarpip rrjs 'lepiaaod /cot irpovoeiaQai rijs hfxdov
raireivwaews' 'iva ore i^eXQri ns e/c tou "Opovs irapa^aXXeiv
Kal /xeveiv ev tw rotovrcp Karaywyiip. 'Y/xeis Se oijk ety
rovro ei^are /xovov rfj rairetvdoaet ^/xdov dXXo /cot ety dXXo
/xei^ova direp ovk fiXirlux/xev ireiroi^Kare kui eSwp-r/aaaQe
r]/xdbv irpdoTov /xev ouX^v Kal olK^/xara ttoXXo re kui
KaXXtara airep e/c tou NiKr/Cpopov rod irpooroiraird e^w-
vriaaaQe els X<^ virepirvpa, iv ots Kara/xevovres ore Sid
xpeiav irape^aXXo/xev iv rw Kaarpip kui avairavo/xevoi
virepevxd/xeQa rrjs v/xdov dcrtoT/jToy, eiretra Se Karavvyevres
eK rod Qeod Kal rhv dvairavaiv ri/xdov <»y olKeiav XoytXp/xevoi
awrripiav >|'ux5y iSwp^aaaQe /cot d/xireXdova KoXXtarov koi
evcpopov virapxovra /xev rhs /xovrjs, KaXXeepyr/Qevra Se Kal
(pvrevQeVra irap' v/xdov /xer e^dSwv /cot KOirwv ov rdov
rvxovTwv, ovra irXivQia coaet X avv rip rod iraXatov
a/xireXdovos koi rod irap' v/xdov (pvrevQevros iKn/xr/Qels Sia
Xopay/xaros ¦xpvaod Xirpas e. At o evxaptarovvres iirl
rovrois irdai Kat iiirepevxo/xevoi rrjS ii/xdov iv yiptar^ dpe-
rrjs Kal dyiorriros, e^aaipaXiXp/xeQa dirb T^y irapovar/s
ri/xepas /xh e'xeiv e^ovaiav Kal dSeiav nva rdov dirdvrwv,
etre i^ hl^dov rdov vvv ireptdvrwv, e'ire rdov /xeQ' ^/xds iv rw
Opei KaraXt/xiravo/xevwv ri iXevao/xivwv Kivriaiv 3j dywyhv
olavSrjirore irpdcpaaiv ixdvrwv evXoydv re kuI dXoyov
iroieiaQai irepi rijs elpri/xevris /xovrjs, virep ^s ovSe radra
ypa<peiv evXoyov, dXXa Sta rhv avvr/Qetav riv ol dpxaioi Kal
dXiyoarot eixov iv rfi /xov^ irapa^aXeiv rod Kara rhv
rt/xepav r/yov/xevov Sta (ptXlav Kal Qea/xbv dydirr/s diroSe-
XO/xevov avrovs. Kat eav Tty (pwpaQfj ov /xdvov kivwv
irepi T^y TotauT»?y viroQeaews, dXXo /cat ewy ¦^tXod p^/xaros
evo'xXeiv r/ irapairiKpaivetv eire v/xds airrovs, e'ire rovs
v/xerepovs StaSdxovs rrjs roiavrris eve/co viro6eaeo)S, 'iva ex'l
rhv Karapav rdov dyiwv Kal Qeo(pdpwv irarepwv ri/xdov, rdov
air aiwvos evapearr/aavrwv np lS.vpi(p, kui ean /cexwptor/xevoy
T^y dyt'oy KUl b/xoovaiov TpiaSos /cot yevrirai f/ /xepls avrov
/xera rwv apvr/aavrwv rov viov rov Qeov kui aravpiaaavrwv
avrov, Kal /xh UKodaOai rodrov ^ Trop' e/c/cXi/o-tao-Tt/cwv
KUVOVWV ri irapa iroXiriKdov vd/xwv, dXXa SiwKeaQai avrbv

APPENDICES TO CHAPTER IV 107
e/c TTOVToy Kpirripiov dos dxaptarov Kal dyvw/xova /cot
apvr/rriv rod vlod rod Qeod. Kot ov /xdvov Se rodro dXXd
KUl oaas evepyealas /cot euTroitay ipydaaaQe els h/J-ds
eirtarpeCpeaQai Sixa vd/xov /cot epwTi/crewy Trpdy uyudy /cat to
KaQ ^/xds /xepos /xerd rdov elpri/xevwv olKri/xdrwv kuI rod
a/xireXwvos kui eiQ qvtws laxvpav kui /SejSalav koi dppayrj
Kut aKivrjrov elvat rr/v irapovaav hfxdov eyypacpov re Kai
ewiroypa^ov dacpaXeiav, ws are e/c av/xcpdovov irapd iravrwv
rj/xdov yeyovviav /xera irpoQeaews Kal dydirr/s koi euxoptcrrtoy
T^y irpoariKOvarjs. 'Eav Se yevrirai irore Kutpw ri xpdv<p
rriv elpri/xevr/v /xdvriv, oirep iarlv dSvvarov, e^ ii/xdov dcpaipe-
Orjvai Kat rfi ^aaiXiK^ auKKeXr/ irpoaKvpwQijvat, ^ ety erepov
aeKperov, ? Ttvo irpdawirov rore /cot ol rod "Opovs /xovaxoi
avv TW HptoTw, Sixcx iraaris evXdyov ^ dXdyov SiKuioXoyias,
ri oiaaS^irore irpocpdaews Iva diroarpe^^wai rd irpoeipri/xeva
oIk^/xutu, direp eK rod irpooroiraird i^wvr/aaaQe koi iSwpr/-
aaaQe ^/xiv, irpos ro KaQ' v/xds /xepos kui rhv evayecrrar^v
v/xdov Xavpav rhv Xeyo/xevr/v rod KXi}/tevToy, 'Oy dv /xer
elpr/viKrjs Karaardaews Kul dydirr/s irvev/xariKrjs avX,do/xev
dXXiJXoty Kcxi avvStapKov/xevoi ev rip KaQ' ^/xdy "Opet,
iKiroSoov yevo/xevwv iraaris cpiXovetKlas /cot olaaS^irore ex^pay
Kal yoyyva/xod irpbs dXXijXouy. Tlepl Se rdov Krrivdov rrjs
/xovrjs [tou] li.oXo^ov KaQdos eKiraXai rdov x/"""^" ^'X""
eQos rod ve/xeaQai iv tw kuQ' rj/xds "Opei rr/v avrr/v
(TVV^Qetav QeXo/xev CpvXarreaQai /cot ety tov oet -xpovov, /xr/
exovrds rtvos e^ovaiav KuraXvetv ro roiodrov eQos. kui
radra /xev irepi rovrwv. . , .
[Then foUows permission to buUd a house near
the common harbour of GaUagra or KaUagra, without,
however, any right to the ground being given.]
TOUTO avveCpwv^Qri /cot iypdcpt/ kui dveyvioaQr/ Kurevwiriov
Ti/xwv Kara rov Lavovapiov /xr/va rrjs rptaKuioeKarris tvoi-
KTidovos, Kol diroSe^a/xevoi kuI dpeaQevres Kara iravra
irpoerd^a/xev kuI virerd^a/xev rovs n/xlovs aravpovs avv
TOty dvd/xaatv ^/xdov IStoxeipws /xrjvl kuI IvSiktiSivi t/J

108 THE MONKS AND ATHANASIUS
irpoyeypa/x/xevr/. 'Eypdcpri Se Std x«pdy ^avrlvov /xovaxov
Kul f/yov/xevov /xovrjs rod ^iKeXod /xovaxod Aou/cd erouy
/T'^^y-
Copied from to 'Ayioi' "Opos, pp. 37-9. Gera
simos Smymakes gives no clue as to whether the
original exists or whence he has obtained it.
The same text, but omitting the signatories at
the beginning and inserting only as far as tTe<f>avos
at the end, is given by Alexandres Lauriotes in the
Bv^dvTLva XpovLKa, vol. V, pp. 489 ff.

HAGIOGRAPHICAL MANUSCRIPTS

The following lista call for but little explanation. List I contains
the names and inelpits of the lives of Saints found in the library of
the Laura on Mount Athos. For convenience I have added the
references to similar MSS, in Rome and Paris, and further research
would no doubt add to the number, and would probably also show
that some of my ' lives ' have actually been published. It is a pity
that it was not possible to give the references to the actual MSS, in
the Laura, but the librarian Chrysostomus was not willing to allow
me the use of his catalogue for this purpose, though he was kind
enough to give the list ofthe unpublished items, A complete catalogue
of the Hagiographical MSS, on Mount Athos is greatly to be desired,
but until it cari be produced the present list may be of interest.
List II similarly gives the unpublished lives of Saints in the library
of Prodromou iiear Serres ; thia is in comparison vrith the Laura.
a small collection, but it has some fine MSS,, which the courtesy of
the librarian allowed me to study, and to extract the unpublished
lives of Saints. I cannot absolutely vouch for its completeness, but
I do not think that it is probable that there is much more unpub
lished Hagiographical material in the library. List III gives in
alphabetical order the writers to which the authorship of various
lives in the preceding lists is ascribed : when not otherwise stated
the reference ia to Liat I, LIST I
AcepBum.aB, Passio, inc. ivmirpiaKoiTTtf.. . [Vat, 807*, &c,]
Adrianus et Ifatalia. Passio, inc. Ma^/uviai/ou toO rvpavvov . . .
Aecatherina, Passio. inc. roC wapavo/iau Kal do-tjScoTarou . , , [Par,
1180", &c.]
Affathonicus, Passio, inc. 'Ma^i/uavos 6 fiacnXivs . . .
Alexius (d avdp(OTros tov 6eov). Vita, inc. iyevero dvrjp eitre^^ff , . .
[Vat. 866", &c,]
Alypius, Vita, inc. koXoI piev /cai ot toi/ yjaprvpav . . . [Vat. 805', &c, ;
Par, 579', &c.]
Anastasia, Vita, inc. Kara tovs Kmpovs » .,. [Vat. 866", &c,]
Andreas Cretensis. Vita a Niceta Patricio, inc. oi 6epa6v ia~n . . .
Anthtmus, Passio. inc^aaiKeiouTosTaTtiviKavra... [Par, 1506',].

110 HAGIOGRAPHICAL MSS.
Arsonius, Vita, inc, iroWal tS>v <nrovhauav . . . [Vat. 819' ; Par,
1548», &c.]
Artemius, Passio, inc. fiaanXevovros 'lovXtavov . . . [Par, 769', &c,]
Athenogenes, Passio, inc. enl AtoitXijTiavoC . , , [Par, 1447", &c,]
Auxentius, 1, Vita a Psello. inc. apxn M^v ^/iiv , . . [Vat. 672".]
2, Vita. inc. koKoI pev /cat ot i^ dXXoSaTT^s , , ,
Basiliscus. Passio. ine. koto tovs Kcupois r^s /SacriXcta; yia^ipiavov . . .
Bendemianus. Passio, inc. to cap ^tXoOcnv . . .
Blasius. Passio. inc. BXdo-tor 6 pdprvs . . . [Vat, 1245', &c,]
CerycuB et lulitta. Encomium a 19'ioeta rhetore, i^nc. Sxnrep ovk
ean... [Vat. 820™,]
CharalampiuB, Passio, ine. Paa-iKevonros tov Kvptov ripuav . . .
[Ottob. 92'»; Par. 1452",]
Christina, Passio. inc. rriv Xpurrawpov . . .
ChristophoruB, Passio a Petro Italo, ine. AckIov ttiv avroKparopa . . .
desin. ra tPis ^a^s SpTa.
Cointus, Passio, ine. (rrecjyavos ph oZv . . .
Conon, Passio. inc. iraKiv 6 r^r Svcraefiovs ni(TTeas . . ,
Constantinus Imp, 1, Vita et inventio Crucis, inc. t6v tov
paKapLcoraTov . . . [Vat, 974', &c. ; Par. 1453', &c.]
2. Encomium a Constantino Acropolita. inc. &pd tis evtre^eias
£^\ov avxSiv . . . [Par, 978",]
3, Vita. ine. to /cdXXtora t£>v hiryytiparav . . •
Cosmas Acropolita. Vita. ine. v6fios icrrl iroKaias . . .
Cosmas et Damianus, 1, Vita. inc. tov Kvptov r/pHv 'Iijo-oD
Xpiarov , . .
2, Vita. inc. Kara Toiis Kaipovs eKcivovs . . .
Cyrus et lohannes. Vita. ine. 6 nev crarrjipios Xdyos . . ,
Cyrillus ep, Alexandriae, Hypomnema ab lohanne Zonara. inc.
ap3r] jiev 6 no\v}(evpav . . .
Cyrillus Phileotus, Vita a Wicola Catasoepeno. ine. eiXoyip-oi
6 6e6s . . .
Demetrius. 1. Passio, ine. ore Ma^iiuavos 6 ^a<n\evs , , ,
2. Encomium ab lohanne Stauracio, [Vat, 1572*, &c, ; Par.
1485", &c.]
3. Encomium a Gregorio Palama. inc. e'/iol Se 'Kiav.
Dionysius Areopagita, Encomium a Ificeta Rhetore, ine. i^ opovs
pev '. , ,
Dometius Persa. Passio, inc. tjveyKe ph ^ Tlepa-av . . .
Sleutherius, Passio. inc. ava\va-avros 'ASpiavov . . .
Euphemia, 1. Vita. inc. h rrj Xa\KriSoveoav . . . [Vat. 797',]
2, Encomium a Theodoro Vestro (Bcorpou), inc. ris avrr] 17 ava-
^aivovira . . .
Eupraxia. Vita ab lohanne Zonara, inc. yvvaiKa ivSpelav . . ,

HAGIOGRAPHICAL MSS, 111
Fauata, Euclasius, Maximinns. Passio, inc. Kar'' eKeivov tov
Kaipov . . .
Georgius, 1, Encomium ab Arcadio Cyprio. inc. o-uyxaXfi irakiv
^pas . . ,
2. Encomium a Georgio Acropolita. ine. kcu ris hv irapabpapjoi . . .
3, Nativitas, Vita et Passio, inc. woXXol ph ovv avSpS>v apiarav . . .
Gregorius Sinaita, Vita a Callisto Patriarcha, inc. ovros 6 8ia(l)avfis
aarfip . . . [Cf, BHO., p, 52,]
Hilarion, Vita, inc. ev naXato-TiVg n-dXtr ecrriv , , , [Vat. 798", &c, ;
Par, 1480", &c.]
lacobus frater domini. Encomium a ITiceta Rhetore,* inc. its
yXvKeXa . . . [Par, 755", &c.]
laoobus Persa, 1, Passio, inc. 'ApKaSiov ra 'Pa>iiaia>v . . .
2, Passio. inc. rrjS t&v 'Pcopaiav yrjs . . .
8, Passio, inc. Kar' eKeivov rbv Kaipov . . .
laaacius, Faustus et Dalmatia, Vita, inc. 6 peyas oiros koi
6avpaaTos . , ,
Isidorus, Passio, inc. Kara rrjv npiav Kai evdeov . . . [Cf, Vat,
2033*', &c,]
lohannes Apostolus, 1. Translatio, inc. rov Kvpiov rjpav 'irjtrov
Xpiarov . . .
2, Encomium a Proclo, inc. ol ph aXXoi evayyetaaraX . . . [Vat,
821'", &c.]
lohannes Baptista. 1. Encomium ab Aetio presbytero Constanti-
nopolitano. ine. iroXXol ph ^817 . . ,
2, Translatio manus a Theodoro Daphnopato, inc. ISov koi
irdXiv vpiv . . . [Vat, 823", &c. ; Par, 1449", &c,]
3. DecoUatio a Theodoro Ptoohoprodromo, inc. xaXSr ecjrrip-
poaav . . .
4, DecoUatio, inc. KaK6v ianv . . .
5, a Simeone Logotheta. inc. 'ladvvov to peya itKeos . . .
6, Inventio, inc. 6 ayaSorriri Ka\ ^CKavBpantia . . .
lohannes Climaous, Encomium a Uiceta Rhetore, inc. olSh
ripiiirepov dperrjs . . . [Par, 755 ,]
lullanus, Passio, inc. ^la Siarypov . . . [Vat, 1667"'.]
Lanrentius, Passio, inc. elSaiKiKov irore KkvScovos . . . desin. iyiararoi
pdprvpes.
Lazarus Galesiota, 1, Vita, inc. 6 wkdaas Kara povas . . . desin.
. . . avTT] Tj iToXirela, ovros 6 filos.
2. Vita a Georgio vel Gregorio Xiphilino, inc. 6 rav Kara 6eov . . .
desin. . . . km deocfuXas Siavvaavres.
' This justifies the inscriptions in a later hand in cod. Par, 755,
Cf, Catal. Gr. Paris., ad loe.

112 HAGIOGRAPHICAL MSS.
Iiucas apostolus, 1^, Encomium a N'iceta rhetore, inc. & Xap-
irp6rr]S . . . desin. , . , evpevas toi^ti to ^pa\v.
V'. Encomium a Uioeta Rhetore. inc. & Xapurp&rrit, & alvecns . . .
desin. . . . rfj iv aoi rov ¦nvevparos xdpm.
2. Vita, inc. rats pvelais tS)v ayiav , , ,
3. Encomium ab Hesyohio Hierosolymitano presbytero, ine. (jyofia
tou (Tiain-av . , ,
Mamas, Passio. irac. rovs tS>v dylmv papripav tpovovs . . . desin.
. , , ipapTvprjae Se 6 ayios Mdpas. [Par. 772', &c.]
Marcianus et Martyrius, Passio, inc. iyevero ptra to reXtuodrjvai
rov paKapiararov 'AXe^avSpov , . , desin. . . . ireXeiadtiaav oSv ol Syioi,
[Par, 14682'.]
Maria Magdalena. Vita. ine. eya roiis epi (piXovvras . . . desin.
, , . <jii\oTlpris KareBero.
Maria lunior.' Vita et miracula. ine. ein rmv e^adev . . . desin.
. . . voaov dnaXXayriv. [Vat, 800',]
Marina. 1. Passio. ine. oiSh ovtios fiSivei . . . desin. . . . exei
irpeapeiovaav. [Vat. 820'' ; Coislin. 307'',]
2. Encomium a Gregorio Cyprio, inc. koi rrjv iKicXrialav Spa . . .
[Palat. 59*, &c, ; Par, 8SV.]
Martinianus, 1, Vita. inc. ov rpdirov . . . desin. . . . r^ wdvrav
Seandrri. [Vat. 800«, &c. ; Par. 1450'°.]
2. Vita, , ine. eyyiara ¦rris izoXems HaXaiarlvrjs Spos eari KaXovpevov
rdwos Ki^aroi . . . [Vat. 866"", &c.]
Martyres XL. 1. Passio, inc. Kara roiis Kaipovs . . . [Par. 1164', &c.]
2. Passio. inc. elxe piv ra 'Papalav . . . [Vat, 1245'°, &c, ; Par,
772'*, &c,]
MeletiuB Galesiota. Vita. inc. Seovrai ph Kav rots 3XXojs . , .
Menas, Hermogenes, Eugraphus. Passio ab Athanasio Alexan
drine, inc. T^r ToO XpjoroS x^P"'"^ ¦ • • [Vat. 821", &c, ; Par.
Coisl. 368^ &c,]
Menas in Cotnaeo, 1. Passio, ine. erovs Sevrepov T^r ^aiXelas . . .
[Vat. 803", &c. ; Par. 1464".]
2, Miracula, ine. rjv ns yvvfj . . ,
3. Miracula, a Timotheo Alexandrine, ine. iyevero pera rriv
reXevrfiv . . . [Vat. 797"', &c. ; Par. 1454"", &c,]
Menodora, Metrodora, Wymphodora, Passio, inc. ^Sij p^v toC
TeXeiov . . . desin. . . . ipaprvpriaav Se al &yiai.
Mercurius. 1. Passio, inc. Af/cios iji/ixo Kal BaXXepiavos . . . desin.
. . . Ka\ TOV avrov pdprvpa tHepKovpiov. [Vat. 805', &C. ; Par. 579', &c.]
2. Passio, inc. AeKios rjvlKa . . . . desin. . . . koi Bepairelas aireXa^ov.
Miohael archangelus, Miraculum in Chonis a Pantoleone diacono.
inc. peydXai koi jroXXai , , , desin. , , . Kat Kparrjaei rrjs Septus.
[Vat, 654*, &c. ; Par, 501', &c.]

HAGIOGRAPHICAL MSS. 113
Michael (lapanKos) Hypomnema, ine. oSros 6 paKapiot . . . desin.
. . . outo) So^d^ei 6 6e6s.
Moses Aethiops, Encomium, inc. aanep aSvvarov . . . deun, , . . o5
Tail oalais eixats. [Par, 1453'*,]
ITephon Halmyropolitanus, Vita, inc. pvariipiov fiaaiXeas Kpmrav . , ,
desin. ireXeiaOri o ocrtoi Ni]0a>i>,
N'ephon (Kuvoravrtai^r).. Vita (epitome?), inc. el pvarripiov fiaa^eas .. ,
destn. , . . iv Tffl KOffl rav dyiav anoardXiOv.
I^lcephorus, Passio, inc. olSh eoiKfv dydmis . . . desin. . . , Koa-pj]-
eijvai (rrecltdvois. [Vat. 1246", &c, ; Par, 1500", &c,]
ITicetas, 1, Passio, inc. rav dylov paprvpav . . . desin. . . . cx'tv
Xdyov TOl viKtjrqpia. [Par, 520', &C.]
2, Sermo a Theodoro Mousaloni, inc. peya n Sciy/ia , . , desin.
. . . Kai ripSiv Se avrav.
3, Passio, inc. iv rals fi/tipcus iKtivais . . . desin. . . . fi Se KardBtirig
Tfjs roiavrris irerpas.
Nicolaus Myrensis, 1, Vita, ine. mravras piv . . . desin. . . . &ypoiK6t
Ttr rav rds iaxands oiKovvrav.
2. Encomium a Basilio Lacedaemoniensi, inc. ol tuv dptrav . . .
desin. . . . rov 6edv tXeav.
Onuphrius, 1, Vita, inc. dpertjs eiraivos . . . desin. , , , Kal pepvripevov.
2, Vita, inc. Oelas dydirris Kal epcoros . . . desin. . , , ^pas aeaaapxvovg.
[Par. 1170',]
3, Vita (et Paphnutii), inc. eXeyov irepl rod a|3/3a , , , de»in.
. . . Kal iroiriaavres evxriv.
PachomiUB, '1, Vita. i^nc. 6 Kvpios f/pav 'l^irovs Xpiaros Kal mfyq . . .
desin. . . . els iijXov avrav ivaydpeBa. [Vat, 819*, &c, ; -Par,
881", &c.]
2, Vita et miracula, inc. Svras aXijd^; 17 BpvXXopfvr] . . , desin.
, , , CIS piprftTiv Ka'i aKfreXeiav.
Paisius, Vita a lohanne Kolobo, inc. Sxrrrep to repirva toC (Siov , . ,
desin. . . . ravra elpriaBa. [Par, 1093', &C,]
Panteleemon. Encomium a U'ioeta rhetore, inc. Oavpatrros 6 6tas . . .
desin  eKyovos. [Vat, 679" ; Par, 1180"',]
Paulus apostolus. Encomium a ITiceta rhetore, inc. irao-a fih
eoprrj . . . desin, . . . Kal iv ovpavots. [Par, 755',]
Paulus et Petrus, Encomium a Georgio Acropolita. inc. ovx
iirXas pev . . . desin. . . . oirov fj Xapirpdrris.
Petrus apostolus, 1, Encomium a meeta rhetore. inc. ijJelo r^s
ij/iipas il x<iptf • • • desin. . . . <riv riptv i^opoXiyyoviuu.
2 (SXvais). inc. oaoi ra rov Kopviftaiov . . . desin. , . , Kai ipeydXwac.
[Vat, 817', &c, ; Par,' 236", &c.]
Petrus et reUqui apostoli. Encomium a XTioeta rhetore. inc. rl koX^
rrjs iKKXjiaiixsii rd^is . . . desin. ... wo (vybv eva,
I,AKE, H . A. H

114 HAGIOGRAPHICAL MSS.
Philemon, Vita, ine. eXeyov irepl toG aj3j3a OXripAjvos . . . desin.
. . . TO KaXovpevov paXaKiov.
Fhilippos Apostolus,. Encomium, inc. diroaToXiKrjs pviiaBrjvai . . .
desin. , , , ra pvripdavvd aov iravriyvpi^opev. [Par. Coisl, 121",]
Phocas. Passio ab Asterio Amasiae, inc^pis ph koI Beinreaios . . .
desin. . . . Kripvrrovaa Kvpiov. [Vat, 794"", &c, ; Par, 1489", &c,]
Frobus, Taraohus, Andronicus, Epistola XI fratrum, inc. Udp-
(j)tXos Kal MapKlav . . . desin. . . .rfj tiSCrrfn Kal roS Kvpiov fipwv
'Iijirow XptOToC.
Proclus et Hilarius. Passio. inc. iyevero ivi Ma^ipiavov . . . desin.
. . . /Itera roO dytov IlpdicXov.
Sabbas, Vita. ine. oiSh ovra Kvrjcrai . . . desin. . , . koI tlprjvalav
Siayayfiv. [Vat, 812", &c. ; Par, 1195'°, &c,]
Babbas Vatopedinus, Vita a Philotheo Constantinopolitano, inc.
Sd|3^a( o Bavpdmos . . . desin. . . . xai aorao'iaaTov,
Badoth, Passio. ine. pera ro reXeirBrivai . . . desin. . , . iv irdXei
KaXavpivji h^eXairdr. [Vat, Ottob, 92" ; Par, 1452",]
Bergius et Baoohus, Passio, inc. cror rivvtro . . . desin. . . . npoard-
ypan deov.
Silvester Romanus, Vita, ine. ol ph aeirrol . . . desin. . . . iroXXav
Kopdrav. [Vat, 816" ; Par, Coisl, 307',]
Sophronius Hierosolymitanus, Encomium ab lohanne Zonara,
inc, ot roTf Beo'ts Kal paKaplois . . . desin, . , . irdBif irpataii.
Stephanus lunior. Vita. inc. Beidv rt xp'll"'' <7 operri . . . desin. . . .jj
Kal fipfls irapaaralripev. [Vat, 505", &C, ; Par, 436", &C,]
stephanus protomartyr, 1. Hypomnema, inc. Sta r^v rov aar^pos . . .
desin. . . . pxriBrjKav ra Xei^ava.
2. Translatio a Psello. ine, & Kvpios tipjav 'lijo-oCc Xpurrirs . . . desin,
, , , Kat- dvrtX^ropor Src^dvov.
3. Passio, inc, iyevero Kara rbv Kaipbv iKtivov , , , desin. . . . irtXei^Bii
Si 6 Sytos irpardpaprvs. [Vat, 679",]
4, Translatio, inc. Kal irur Sv rtc alrtas . . . desin, . . . tov iravayvov,
aou adrparos.
Stephanus Romanus, Passio, inc. Kara rovi xP<''">v OuaXXepiavoC . , .
desin. . . . povds. [Par, Suppl, 241',]
Symeon iv ry Bavpaara 8po, 1, Vita a Claudio (?) Cyprio, inc,
fxiXoyriToS 6 Bebs 6 iravras BeX<av . , . desin, . . , avyKarapiB/i^Bapev
rot; (vapecr^a'ao't,
2, Vita, inc. 'lovarlvov rou troXat . , , desin, . . , ivtvyxdvei ilrep
^p&v.
Bymison lunior Theologus. Vita, inc, XP^I^ Beppbv dperii . . . desin.
. . . imSelKwaiv cKKXija-t'?, [Par, 1610 ; cf, Combefis, Bibliotheea
graecorum Patrum auctarium novissimwm, ii, 119-29,]
Symeon Stylites, Vita ab Antonio, tne. {/vov xai irapddo|oii , . .
desin, . . . iirireXowrai tow mo-Toir, [Vat, 797', &C, ; Par, 760', &c,]

HAGIOGRAPHICAL MSS. 115
Theodorus Stratelatea, 1, Passio, ine. AiKivla ra ffamXti . , . [Vat,
820', &c,; Par, 976', &c,]
2, Encomium ab Euthymio. inc, rb toC BeoH Sapov , , .
Theodorus Tyro. 1, Passio, inc. Vla^ipiavbs xal Ma^ipivos oi /Sao-t-
Xels... [Par, 520'*?]
2. Passio (?) \els rb irparov 2di3j3aTov tSv NijtrrttSji], inc. Mafiptov^
KOI Maf ijuo) , , . [Vat. 1245'.]
Theodosia encomium a Staurioio Chartophylaci Thessalonicensi,
inc. 6 Xdyor r^r opBoSo^las . , .
Timotheus Apostolus, Encomium a STiceta rhetore, inc, n Sal 6
TtpdBfOs . . , desin. . . . etpiji^r Kat aarriplas, [Par, 755",]
Trypho, Passio, inc, 6 filos rov dytov pdprvpos . . . desin. . . . Kal
KXauStou 'AkvXivov, [Vat. Ottob, 92",]
Xene Romana, Vita, inc, iratrai al iroXirciai , , , desin, . . . dpxjmrepoi
ayaXXdptevoi, [Vat, 866'°'; Par, 1219",]
Xenophon. Vita, ine, Siijyrjaard nr piyas yeptiiv . . . desin. . . . iva
Ilf] T3 apeXeia Kal paBvplf. [Vat, 866'°', &C, ; Par. 1313', &C.]

LIST II
Alypius, Nov, 26, [A," 35,'] itlC, KaXot ph Kal ol rSv paprvpav
&SXoi . . . desin. . . . rbv rovy avrov Bepdnovras So^d^ovra . . . ktX .
[Codd, Vat. 805°, &c, ; Par, 579°,]
Andreas Cretensis. Encomium, Jul, 4, [A, 40,] inc. Meya SvBpairos
Koi rlpxov avrip . . . desin. . . . Xipeva aar^piov . . .
Anna, Sermo in conceptionem S. Annae ab Euthymio monacho et
syncello. Dec, 9, [A. 36, A, 37,] inc. 2ripepov 6 dKardXijjrror , . .
desin, , . . irpoeXBdvros Xpiarov rov dXij^tvov , . , ktX,
Barbara, Encomium. Dec. 4. [A, 36.] ine. HoXXat ph ai Kara
rdvSe rbv j3iov , , , desin. , , . Kat rovs vdaovs i^daraae Kal inrtp tiptav
pepaXdKiarai.
Constantinus Imp, Hypomnema. Mai. 21. [A. 40.] inc. 'Oaoi ph
t£v avBpamav rb Spxeiv . . . desin. . . . iravraxov yrjs dvr/yepBriaav.
Epiphanius. Mai. 12. [A, 40,] illC. Tav iv ovpavois diroypayfrapevav . . .
desin. . . . dvriKeiphav avra alperiKav. Apparently a late docu
ment based on the accounts of lohannes and Polybius (B, 1 and
B. 2), , . , ,
Febronia, lun, 25, [A, 40,] inc. Ov8ev ri;r n-poi eeov ayajrijs . - .
desin. . . . Totavra ra vjrtp avr^s yepa ktX,
lacobua Persa. Nov, 27, [A, 35,] inc. 'ApKaSiov ra 'Papaiav SUirovros
aKriitrpa . . , desin. . . . irap' avrov rav ^pa^elav d^iaB^aerai.
[Codd, Vat, 805'°, &c, ; Par, 579'°,]
' The shelf-number in the library of Prodromou,
h2

116 HAGIOGRAPHICAL MSS.
lohannes Calybita. Jan, 14, [A 39,] ine, Tvpapvutdv rt xpnv^
tckovtuv . , , desitt. . . , rb SevSpov axoXovBov ry Kapir^ els Sd(av crX.
[Codd, Vat, 793", &c. ; Par, 236', &c]
Maximus Aug, 13, [A, 40,] tne. 'HpaxXn'ov t£v aKi]irTpa>v . , , dssiri.
. , . dvoBepan virofSoXct ktX,
Mercurius. Martyrium. Nov, 26, [A 35.] tiic, Aexior ^vuca mi
BoXcptavor 6 pev iirl rav aKr/ttrpav . . . desin. . , . npavres Si xai rov
avrov pdprvpa KepKovpiov . . . ktX, [Codd, Vat, 805', &C, ; Par,
579», &c,]
Miohael archangelus, Narratio Pantoleonis diaooni. Nov. 8,
[A, 34,] tne, MryaXai Kai TrotKtXot Kot n'oXXat , , , desin. . . . x^'P^'n
Kal (jiiXaiiBpawtq rov Kvptov, Contains stories relating to Satan,
Adam, Abraham, Balaam, the body of Moses, Joshua, Gideon,
Croliath, S^iBacherib, ConstanUne, the Argonauts, &e, [Codd,
Vat, 654*, &c,; Par. 501', &c,]
Onuphrios Jun. 12, [A, 40,] tne, 'Apcr^r hrairos . . . desin.
. . . pepvrjpevovs aov , , . ktX.
Faohomius, Encomium, Mai, 15, [A 40,] tne, Td r^r oUovopias
Svras pvOTJipiov . , . desin. . , , Kara r»v Saipdvav dptarti/utra ktX.
Fetms. Xdyos els rqv irpoaKvvriaiv tjjs npias dXvtrcmr rov dy, Kai Kopvift,
T. dirooT. n. Jan. 16. [A, 39,] tne. 'Oo'ot rt^ rov Kopvcfralov . . .
desin. . . . Siaviapev jSiov So^d(ovTes . . . ktX. [Codd, Vat, 817',
&c, ; Par, 236", &c.]
Phocas hortulanus. Sept, 22, [A. 31, A, 32, A 33.] inc. 'Upbs piv
Kal Beaireaios Siras o rmv yewatuv paprvpav KordXoyor , , . desin. as
the text in Acta SS. Sept, vi, 294-9, Apparently only a divergent,
text of the ordinary encomium of Asterius,
Saba. Dec, 5., [A, 36,] tac, OiSev ovro xtv^o'ai yj/vxiiv . . . desin.
. . , elprivalov Stayayfiv x°P'" • • • ktX, [Codd, Vat, 812', &c, ; Par,
1195'°, &c,]
stephanus lunior, Nov, 28. [A S5,] tne, ectdv n xp?f"> ¦? aperri xai
iroXXuv S^ta , . . desin. . . • n Kal ipds irapiaralrjptv tixais avrov . , ,
ktX, [Codd, Vat. 805", &o. ; Par, 436',]
Thomas. Hypomnema, Oct, 6, [A, 33,] tne, ndXat piv ras Kara
y^v , , , desin. . , , rov voip-ov ^Xtov KaBapas iireXdpy^ro. [Codd,
Vat. 798", &c,; Par, 774", &o.; Regin, 56*; Ottob, 399*,]

HAGIOGRAPHICAL MSS. 117

LIST III
Aetius  lohannes Bapt.
Antonius  Symeon Stylites,
Arcadius Cyprius  Georgius,
Asterius  Phocas.
Athanasius Alexandrinus  Menas,
Basiliua Lacedaemoniensis  Nicolaus Myrensis,
Callistus Patriarcha  Gregorius Sinaita,
Claudius Cyprius  Symeon iv ry Bavpaxrra Spn.
Constantinus Acropolita  Constantinus Imp,
Euthymius  Theodorus Stratelates, Anna
(Prodromou).
Georgius vd Gregorius Xiphilinus , . Lazarus Galesiota,
Georgius Acropolita  Georgius, Paulus et Petrus,
Gregorius Cyprius  Marina,
Gregorius Palamas  Demetrius,
lohannes Kolobos  Paisius,
lohannes Stauricius  Demetrius.
lohannes Zonara  Euprazia, Cyrillus Alex.,
Sophronius.
Nicetas Patricius  Andreas Cretensis.
Nicetas Rhetor  Cerycus et Iulitta,IacobusFr.
Dom., Dionysius Areopa
gita, lohannes Climacus,
Lucas Apost,, Pantelee
mon, Paulus Apost,, Petrus
Apost,, Petrus et reliqui
apostoli, Timotheus,
Nicolas Catascepenus  Cyrillus Philectus,
Pantoleo Diaconus  Michael (in both libraries),
Petrus Italns  Christophorus,
Phil othe us Constantinopolitanus , , Sabbas Vatopedinus.
Proclus  lohannes Apost,
Psellus  Auxentius, Stephanus,
Simon Logotheta  lohannes Bapt.
Stauricius  Theodosia.
Theodorus Daphnopatus  lohannes Bapt.
Theodorus Mousalon  Nicetas,
Theodorus Ptochoprodromus , , . , lohannes Bapt,
Theodorus Vestrus  Euphemia,
Timotheus Alesandrinus  Menas.

OXFORD
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BY HORACE HART, M,A,
PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY

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