YALE
UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

THE LIVES OF THE KINGS
EDITED BY CHARLES WHIBLEY

THE TRIUMPHANT REIGNE OF
KYNG HENRY THE VIII
VOL. II

THE LIVES OF THE KINGS

HENRY VIII
BY EDWARD HALL *» * *¦
WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY
CHARLES WHIBLEY

VOLUME II

LONDON: T. C. & E. C. JACK
34 HENRIETTA STREET, W.C, AND EDINBURGH
I904

CONTENTS

THE SIXTEENTH YEAR (1524-25)
THE SEVENTEENTH YEAR (1525-26) .
THE EIGHTEENTH YEAR (1526-27) .
THE NINETEENTH YEAR (1527-28) .
THE TWENTIETH YEAR (1528-29)
THE TWENTY-FIRST YEAR (1529-30)
THE TWENTY-SECOND YEAR (1530-31)
THE TWENTY-THIRD YEAR (1531-32)
THE TWENTY-FOURTH YEAR (1532-33)
THE TWENTY-FIFTH YEAR (1533-34)
THE TWENTY-SIXTH YEAR (1534-35)
THE TWENTY-SEVENTH YEAR (1535-36)
THE TWENTY-EIGHTH YEAR (1536-37)
THE TWENTY-NINTH YEAR (1537-38)
THE THIRTIETH YEAR (1538-39)
THE THIRTY-FIRST YEAR (1539-4°) •
THE THIRTY-SECOND YEAR (1540-41)
THE THIRTY-THIRD YEAR (1541-42) •
THE THIRTY-FOURTH YEAR (1542-43)
THE THIRTY-FIFTH YEAR (i543"44) •
THE THIRTY-SIXTH YEAR (1544-45) •
THE THIRTY-SEVENTH YEAR (1545-46)
THE THIRTY-EIGHTH YEAR (1546-47)

1
3«
64 83
'35
150 177
202209 223 261 264268
279 280 284
3°S 312
320 342
346 351 358

THE TRIUMPHANT REIGNE OF
KYNG HENRY THE VIII.

THE XVI. YERE.
IN the beginnyng of thys xvi. yere the kynge lay at hys
maner of Newhall in Essex, and there kept the feaste
of sainct George and hearynge that the byshopp of
Romes Ambassador was commyng into Englande removed
to hys Manor of Grenewyche where the sayd Archbishop
and legate came to hym and was highly entertained, whiche
declared wisely and eloquently the message and entent
of hys master, whyche was to make a peace and concord
betwene the princes of Christendome, and especially betwene
the Emperor, the Kynge of England and the French kyng,
and for that cause he had been with the Emperor and also
with the Frenche kyng, whiche as he sayd affirmed that
without cause the kyng of England made on hym warre,
considerynge that he to thentent to have the more amitie
and favor of you and your nobles hath liberally geven to
you and theim honorable pencions, whiche by no dutie as
he affirmeth you can nor may clayme, but of hys benivolence
and bountie. Also he sayeth that you clayme his croune,
realme, and possessions, whiche toucheth hym hyghly, and
of yours he claymeth nothyng, and therfore he thynketh
of right you ought not to make him warre. Wherfore may
it please your highnes to tell me your mynde and I shall it
declare to the whole court of Rome God wyllyng and forget
nothyng. Then the kyng called to him his counsaill, and after
divers consultations had, the Ambassador was sent for, and
there was shewed to him many recordes, provyng the kynge
of England to be inheritor to the realme of Fraunce by
bloud and also so confirmed by divers Charters in the tyme of

THE xvi.
YERE
[1524-25]

VOL. II.

King Henry the VIII.

THE XVI.
YERE
[1524-25]

of kyng Charles the VII. And as concernyng the pencipn,
to him was shewed divers Charters, that it was no pencion
of frendship but due rent for the duches of Normandy and
Guyan and the countreys of Aniew and Maine which are
the kynge of Englandes very enheritaunce. Farthermore
there wer shewed to him divers bondes of the sayd French
kynges for the payment for the citie of Turnay and other
duties whiche he ought to the kyng of England, all whiche
articles to fulfyll, the Frenche kynge hath oftentimes been
required by Ambassadors, and yet he ever dissembled and
would not conforme hymselfe to reason : of all these thinges
wer notes written and delivered to the bishop of Romes
ambassador, which toke his leve of the kyng and returned
in post accompanied but with iii. persones. By reason of
the commyng of this Ambassador men hoped that peace
shoulde ensue, but it succeded not this yere : for the third
day of May the garrison of Bullein with divers other in
the moste secrete wise that could be came to a place within
the Englishe pale called Sentricas and sodainly strake up
a dromme or drounslade : the people hearyng this in the
night were sore abashed, some fled naked and some clothed,
the most part fled to the Churche, and the Frenchemen
them folowed and toke xxi. prisoners and then set fyer on
the Churche : By this tyme was all the pale raised which
thyng the Frenchmen perceivyng left their botie and returned
in all hast with their prisoners to Bullein.
In this season the lordes of Flaunders lay at the siege
before Tyrwyn and were likely to have taken it by famyne,
whereof the Frenche kyng beyng advertised assembled an
armye of xxii. M. horsemen and fotemen under the con-
duicte of the Duke of Vandosme and the lorde Pountdormy,
and the Frenche kyng himselfe came doune to Amyas and
there caused it to be noysed that he woulde besege the toune
of Valencyen in Henaude, where the Duke of Suffolke the
last yere had left the kyng of Englandes ordinaunce. The
kynge of Englande hearyng of this, sayd, that yf the Frenche
kynge beseged Valencyen, he in person would go thither for
to reskue his ordinaunce. The Lorde Fynes and other
lordes of Flaunders whiche lay before Tyrwyn wyth ix. M.
menne were advertised of the Frenche armye, but because
of the fame that the host should go to Valencyen, they sent
for nomore succors.
When

King Henry the VIII.

When the Frenchmen had all thynges ready, they left the
waye to Valencyen and tooke the way directly to Tyrwyn.
When the Lordes of Flaunders perceived that, they were
sore abashed and then they knew that they were disceived,
and that they were not able to abyde the puissaunce of
the Frenche army. Wherefore they raysed their siege, and
put themselfes in order of battail on the Southest side of
Tyrwyn : the French armye passed forward the vi. day of
May towarde Tyrwyn and made no semblaunce to fight :
Howbeit some of theim skyrmished with the horsemen of
Flaunders, but they at the last entered the toune, wher unto
they were welcome, and the lordes of Flaunders departed
sore displeased but there was no remedy. Then ranne a
brute that the French army would lay sege to Guysnes :
wherfore the kyng caused men and all other thynges to be
put in a readynes for the spedye reskue thereof yf it had so
chaunsed. But the Frenchemen toke a better advice.
In this moneth of May sir Robert Jernyngham capitain
of Newnam bridge communed with Christopher Coo, a
capitaine of divers Englishe shippes that kept the sea, whiche
then was in Calayce haven for vitaile and sayd, capitain Coo
you know how the Bulleners have visited nere to Calayce
the Englishe pale and have burned Sentrycas. If you will
promise to set many of your menne a lande at the haven of
Bullein the xix. day of Maye, I with as many as I can
furnishe wyll mete with you there in basse Bulleine at the
tyme and houre betwene us appointed, to the whiche the
said Christopher agreed and faithfully promysed, and so
prepared accordyngly everye thyng necessarye and so fayled
towarde Bulleyn, Sir Robert Jernyngham sent worde of this
enterprise to sir Willyam Fitzwillyam capitaine of Guysnes
to know yf he would ayde any part toward this jorney,
whiche sent word that he would be at the same aventure
himselfe : then all the gentlemen desired him to be capitaine
of that enterprise, which he thankefully and wyth heart
received : then all the men of warre and the adventurers
and the Bayly Marke assembled together, so that when all
were come together they wer CCC. horsemen, and of the
countrey and Marke iii. C. and of the aventurers C. lx. and
so one and other they were vii. C. men. All these persones
mette at an houre appointed at Sandyngfelde : the night
was short so that it was daye or they came nere Bullein all
set

THE XVI.
YERE
t1 524-25]

King Henry the VIII.

THE XVI.
YERE
[1524-25]

set in good order of battail, but thei were askried before
they came nere Bullein, and so it chaunsed that§ Christopher
Coo with his shippes whiche had winde at will was come
with his iiii. shippes before Bullein somwhat before day, the
Bulleners that kept the watche him espied, and then he
manned his boates and with men and ordinaunce stretched
toward the land, by that tyme was all basse Bullein in harnes
ready to defend the Englishmen from londyng, but capi
taine Coo did what he might, and almost all the people of
Basse Bullein wer on the shore, that seynge the garrison
made them ready and bent their ordinaunce. Sir Willyam
Fitzwillyam hearyng the gunnes toward the havenside knewe
well that Cristopher Coo was in his busines, and so en-
coraged every man to do well and marched forwarde with
asmuche spede as might be, insomuche that all the Englishe-
men were on the hylles before Bullein in sondrye plumpes,
then issued out the horsmen of Bullein betwene the castle
and Cardons tower, the light horsmen of the Englishe part
theim encountred, there was a good fight, the Frenche
men shotte with Crosbowes, and the Englishemen with long
bowes, and the great ordinaunce shot terribly, the Englishe
men approched the toune walles, this skyrmishe was fierse
and ever the archers ayded the horsemen. While the horse
men were thus skyrmishyng, the viii. score aventurers which
were hardy and valiaunt men cast themselfes about and came
to basse Bullein, and there they were hardely received of
the Frenchmen, yet notwithstandyng they lost their barriers
and the Englishmen entred, there was shotyng on all sides
and a strong fight. The Frenchemen cried Bullein, and
thenglisheman sainct George Calayce: but at the last the
Frenchmen were driven backe and many slayne, and xliiii.
taken prisoners, and so they returned to their capitaine sir
Willyam Fitzwillyam. All this while was Christopher Coo
on lond on the sea cost and bet the Frenchmen up to the
toune, and when the tide turned he with all his came agayne
in safetie to their shippes. The Englishe horsemen after
long fightyng tooke thre of the Frenchemen of armes and
the other reculed to the toune. By thys tyme by reason of
the Alarme was all the countrey of Pycardye raysed and
muche people resorted to Bullein on all sydes, whyche doyng
sir Willyam Fitzwillyam wisely perceivyng, by the sounde
of a trumpette brought all his menne together in a plumpe, and

King Henry the VIII.

5

and then sent them hither and thither to fette his driftes of
beastes that were nere in the countrey on every side, whiche
was quickely done, for the adventurers brought Oxen, Kyne,
Horses, and many other pillages, and brent the granges
and villages, and so mette together, and wyth their botie
returned in savetie.
The Tewsday folowinge, beyng the laste day of May, sir
Wyllyam Fitz William, wyth a C. and fiftie horsemen, and
the aventurers, and a hundred other persones mo, came to a
place called Samer de Boys, the sayd captain wisely con
sidered, that in that place the Frenchemen had diverse
times lurked, and taken at avantage the Englishmen,
wherefore he laied his horsemen, and his archers on horse-
backe in a woodde in a waite if the Frenchmen folowed the
stale : then he sent furth his aventurers, which passed
farther, then the captain wold that thei shulde have done,
and sodenly they wer askryed : then on came the French
men, the aventurers sware, that they would not flie, but
bent them selfes to defend their enemies, which wer iii. C.
horsemen. The Frenchmen knew well their hardines, but
yet they called them Crakers, whych by missounding, was
commonly called Krekers, for a suretie these men were
hardy, and full of pollicie, and very far would jeoperd, the
Frenchemen sent about a valey i. C. of the best horsemen,
and ii. hundred footmen then were the Krekers betwene ii.
bendes of the Frenchmen : sir William Fitz Wylliam beyng
assured of the conduyt of the Frenchmen, much doubted
the chaunce of the aventurers, wherfore in great hast sent
for hys stale of horsemen, that he had left covered : and
the Frenchmen that were before the Krekers, came and set
on very fast, in hope of their horsemen that were gone
about an hil in the valey. The Englyshmen them valiantly
defended, then as the horsemen had compassed the hill, the
aventurers were come on a plain :• then the horsemen that
were come to syr William Fitz William, set on the French
horsemen, ther was a hard and a ferce encounter, for the
Frenchmen fought sore, but at length they fled, and in the
chace were taken lvi. horsemen, and xliiii. slain one and
other, and many Englishmen sore hurt and diverse slain,
thus the Krekers scaped a narowe hasard.
In the same season on the second day of maye, sir
Thomas Palmer one of the Captains of the Frontiers, was
ridyng

THE XVI.
YERE
[1524-25]

6

King Henry the VIII.

THE XVI.
YERE
[1524-25]

ridyng to his frend, maister Jerome of Burgon, captain of
Turnahan, and wyth him xx. Englyshe men on lyght horse,
and as he roade, he sodainly espyed xxx. horsmen of the
garrison of Tirwin and Bullein, thei wer nere together or
the Englishmen espyed them : then there was no remedy,
but to encounter, sir Thomas Palmer wel comforted hys
compaignye, and then the Frenche men set on wyth great
force, and truly they fought long, wythoute one having
any avauntage of the other, but at last the Frenchmen
began to faint, and a lytle wythdrawe themselfes, that
perceyvynge the Englyshe men, set to them coragiously,
and so they slew thre out of hand, and vi. men of armes
taken prisoners, and eight dymy lances, with whiche
prysoners the Englishmen returned to Guysnes, and kept
not their purpose to Turnahan, for all were hurt or
wounded. In June, sir William Fitz William, captain of Guysnes,
Sir Jhon Walop, and sir Jhon Gage, secretly called to them
ix. C. men of warre such as they trusted, and on Midsomer
day, passed the lowe countrey of Picardy, unto the castle of
Hardingham, or Rigsam and they caried wyth them but one
pece of ordinaunce called a Curtal, this gonne they bent
against the Castle, whych was well furnished with harnes,
ordinaunce, and all other artillerie, and thinges nedeful, and
the captaine also was a valiant and hardie gentleman. The
Englishmen ever shot that pece and removed it from place
to place with great pain, and in conclusyon made a batery of
the walles, so that they myght assault it, then the trompet
blewe to assault, and the capitain with hys compaignie stode
at defence : then syr Jhon Wallop, and sir Jhon Gage wyth
the aventurers or krekers entred the diche, and the archers
shot at every loupe arrowes and the Frenchmen likewyse
shot quarelles : the Englishemen set up laders to the walles,
but the Frenchmen threw them doune, at this assault was
slain a gentleman called Butler, and xv. other Englishmen,
but for all that, the assault was not lefte, for some climed by
pykes, and some amended the ladders, and cryed againe to
the assault : but sir William Fitz William chiefe capitain of
this enterpryse, perceived that they lacked engynes and
other thyngs, for the spedy assault of the castle, and not
willing to lose his men without cause, caused them to
stay, whyle he and other capitaynes counsayled together, and

King Henry the VIII.

7

and as they wer dbncluded once again to attempt the
assault, they hearde newes that two thousande horsemen,
and two thousande footmen, wer at hande to fight wyth
them, thei then perceiving that ix. C. men beyng wery,
wer no power to encounter with foure thousand French
men, they in good ordre returned to the Englyshe
fortresses. Monsire de Bees Capitain of Bullein, well considered al
the enterprices, that the Englishmen had done in Picardy
and Fraunce, now of late : he determined to requite theim,
to hys honor and fame, and for that purpose, sent for the
Erie of Damartyne, the lord Pontremie, and the lorde
Chastillion, whych concluded to entre into the Engiysh
pale, and to shewe themselfes before Calice. Wherfore
they assembled all the men of armes and souldioures, of
the garrysons aboute, and so they wer viii. C. good horse
men, and wyth pykes, gonnes and crossebowes viii. C.
footemen, and when all thys compaygny was assembled,
Monsire de Beefs as capitain of this jorney, wyth the other
lordes, the fourth day of August with banner displayd, came
toward Calice in the eveninge : and the next day in the
morninge, by syxe of the Clocke, they came to a village
wythin the Englyshe pale, called Bonynghes. Then the
Alarme rose through all the English pale, and so came to
Calice. These lordes of Fraunce sent out their forriders,
to serch and overse the countrey, and then they layd an
embushment of iii. C. horsemen at the said toune of
Bonynges and with that bend abode Monsire Pontremie,
and Monsire de Bees rode to Kalkewel wyth iii. C. horse
men, and there taryed wyth them, the earle of Dammartine
wyth iii. fresh horsemen, and all the footmen with banner
displaid, rode and forraged all the Countrey, of whyche thre
hundred speres, thei let one C. go at large, and kept the
residue wyth them.
When the Alarme came to Calice, every man made to
horse and harnes. Then sir Robert Jernyngham wyth Ixxx.
horsemen with all spede rode out of Calice to behold the
compaignie of the Frenchmen. And he sent furth his
lyght horsemen, which met with the skourers of the
French men, and because the French men semed a few
in nombre, the Englyshe forriders proferred toward them,
which fled toward Sandiffeld, and the Englyshmen chased after,

THE xvi.
YERE
[1524-25]

8

King Henry the VIII.

THE XVI.
YERE
[1524-25]

after, not beyng of knowelege of the embushementes, that
laye at Bonynges and Kalkewel.
When sir Robert Jerningham saw his light horsemen
chace, he folowed after softly, to kepe his horse in brethe.
Then sodainly the French men that were in chace returned,
for some of their ayde was nere them. When the English
men whych passed not xvi. horse, sawe the Frenchmen
returne, thei encountered wyth them manfully, but to the
Frenchmen came still mo and mo, so that the Englyshmen
wer constrayned to flie another waye, to the hie lande in
great jeoperdy, for the Frenchmen them pursued, but by
the helpe of the light geldinges, the Englyshmen gat the
sea side, or sea sandes beyond Skales : then wer the
Englishmen glad and returned, and fought wyth the
Frenchmen hand to hand, for the Frenchmen behinde
folowed not the chace, but only twenty horsemen, and
wyth pure fyghting the Englyshmen toke one of the
French horsemen, and came with him to Calice, and so
were saved.
When sir Robert Jerningham sawe hys men in chace (as
you have hard) and saw that thei were in great jeoperdy, he
avaunsed for their rescue all that he might, which was the
saving of the lyght horsemen, for the Frenchmen left theim,
to encountre wyth sir Robert Jernyngham, and so it was
that he went so farre forward, that the Frenchmen were
betwene him and Calice. And when he saw al the bendes,
and embushmentes breake out, he sayd to hys compaignie :
sirs, S. George to borowe, lette these Frenche galantes
knowe what we Englyshemen be : Sir sayed his compaigny,
they shall bye us dere. Then he marched towarde the
hyghe lande : Then approched a great nomber of horse
men of Fraunce, the Englishmen theim valiauntly received,
and manfullye defended, but ever the Frenchmen came
freshe and freshe, so that the Englishmen beyng wery, and
oppressed with multitude, wer faine to flye : and in this
chace was taken Thomas Cheiney an Archer, whose horse
was tiered, and two other archers on horsebacke, one called
George Kar and the other Rowlande Atkynson, the thre
other of the English pale, sir Robert and the remnaunt,
saved themsjelfs the best that thei could.
When sir Robert was returned, the Frenchmen souned
their trompet and reculed to Bulleyn, and sent worde to
Calice,

King Henry the VIII.

Calice, that they would visite them oftener. Sir Robert
Jernyngham remembring this chaunce thought to be revenged
of the same, and so advisyng himself, to what place he should
repaire, he remembred that whensoever the Englishmen
made any jorney to Margyson, the Frenchmen would flie
over the water or creke, to a high ground by boates, and
there as it wer in an island, save themselfes, because on
that side thei might ever have succors, for the creke or
water, is beyond the toune from Calice. Therfore the
sayd sir Robert caused fyve great boates to be caryed in
wagons, and so he with other capitaynes of Calice and
Guysnes, to the nombre of iii. C. fotemen with the Krekers,
and lx. horsemen the xii. day of August, with banners
displayed toke their way to the toune of garrison, and in
the nyght the light horsemen gave Alarme to the toune of
Bullein, and toke two souldiers prisoners, and brought with
them certain cattaill to their compaignie. Then thenglish
men marched forward, towarde Margison, that seing the
Frenchmen toke their boates in trust of the water, and
passed over : the Englyshmen perceived that, and lanched
their Boates, and so lyke aventurers entered, and by force
passed, and so mo and mo, till C. lx. wer passed over : the
countrey began to gather, so that the Frenchmen wer thre
hundred, which fought with the Englishmen, and would have
letted the boates to land, but the archers on the other side
drave them back, and the Englyshmen slew at the first en
counter lx. men, and toke fortie prisoners, yet the French
men that fled met with newe succors, and then began a new
battaill, and the Frenchmen fought hardely, but at thend
they fled, the most porest of the people, on the other
syde of the water fled to the Churche, and abode at
their defence, then was there fire set in the church, then
the Frenchmen lept out of the church, to their destruc
tion for of thre hundred there was saved but sixtie on
lyve. The whole power of Bullein was come doune, nere to the
place : but when they perceyved that it was to late, and the
Englyshemen were returned, they came no farther. This
was sir Robert Jarningham even with the Frenchmen, and
brought a good botie, and many prisoners to Calice, which
sore greved the captain of Bullein.
The Frenchmen perceiving, that they gat lytle at the
Englyshmens
VOL, II.

THE XVI.
YERE
[1524-25]

IO

King Henry the VIII.

THE XVI.
YERE
[1524-25]

Englyshmens handes, thought to take their avauntage of the
Flemmynges, wherfore they assembled of the garrisons, of
Bullein and Tirwin, v. C. fotemen, and thre hundred horse
men, and so in good ordre marched toward sainct Omers,
and thei sent to go aforraging i. C. fotemen, and as many
horsemen, and the rest kept themselfes in a stale. These
Frenchmen came by Arkus, nighe to sainct Omers, and
foraged all the countrey, the Alarme sprang all the
countrey to Turnahan, the captain of Turnahan ^ sent
worde to sir William Fitz William, capytayne of Guisnes,
that the Frenchmen were abroade, whych made answere,
that if the Frenchmen came nere to him, surely he would
speake with them, with which answer the capytain of
Turnahan being encoraged, sent furth CC. Flemminges
on foote, still the Frenchmen marched toward Turna
han, the Flemminges that were sent from Turnahan,
marched toward the waye, wher the Frenchmen should
come, thinking that when the captayn of Guisnes had
set on them, that then they would have lyen in the chace
at the receipt.
The sayd capitain of Guisnes valiantly marched forwarde,
wyth a C. horsemen, and iiii. C. fotemen, entending to mete
with the Frenchmen and sodaynly as he was passing forward,
word was brought him that the erle of Damarten, with the
garrisons of Mustrel and Abvile, to the nomber of vi. C.
horsemen, were comming forward toward Guisnes. This
hearyng sir William Fitz William, sware that the erle
shoulde not take paine to come to Guisnes, for he would
mete him on the waye : by this meane he left his first
enterprice, and marched toward therle of Damartin. The
Frenchemen of Tirwyn, beyng therof advertysed by a spy
called al the people together, and with their botie came on
forward toward Turnahan, and sodainly they askryed the
poore Fleminges, which wer sent out of the castle of
Turnahan, and when they perceived the French men
comming toward them, thei turned their backes, and fled
like shepe : the Frenchmen folowed a pace, and slewe the
moste part of theim, for fewe escaped.
The capitayn of Guisnes came to a faire grene, five mile
from Guisnes, and there in good ordre of battayl, tareid for
the Erles comminge, whych hearing that the capitain of
Guysnes, was redy to receive him, made his returne backward,

King Henry the VIII.

1 1

ward, without any thing doyng : when the capitain knew
the trueth of the erles returne, he then with al hast sped
him to mete with the Frenchmen, that were comminge to
Turnahan, and in the meane way he hard tidinges of the
chaunce of the Fleminges, and how the Frenchmen were
reculed toward Tyrwyn, whych aventure sore him dis
pleased, but there was no remedy, wherfore he returned
to Guysnes again, very sory that the Frenchmen, went
away unfought wythal. The Frenchmen litle medled after
this time, wherfore lett us now returne, and shew what
warres were kept on the frontiers, betwene Englande
and Scotlande, in thys ceason.
The xxi. day of May beyng Trinite Sondaye, v. C.
Scottes in the morning by several fordes, entered into
Englande, and laye covertlye by the high waye, to distresse
merchauntes and merket men, that shuld passe to Berwike,
that day to the fayre : for every Trinitie sonday, ther is kept
a great fayre : whych the Scottes knewe wel, and as they
laye thus lurking, thei robbed many merchauntes, and toke
rich prisoners, but at the last they wer perceived, then the
Alarme rose, and people began to gather, the Scottes drew
together toward Branxston, and thenglishmen them assailed,
which so manfully them defended, that yf the yonge lorde
of Fulbery, had not come with one C. lyght horsemen, the
Scottes had gone away with their botie, but then began a
sore fight, many wer hurt on both sydes, and som slayn, and
at the last the Scottes fled, and in the chace ther were two
hundred Scottes taken prisoners, and the residue fled and
saved them selfes.
After this the v. day of July, sir Jhon a Fenwicke,
Leonard Musgrave, and Bastard Heron, and diverse other,
gathered together ix. C. men, and entred into Scotland, in
the countrey called the March, and robbed and spoyled al
the countrey, and by chaunce the same season, the Scottes
had assembled two thousande men, to invade Englande, and
none of these knew of other, til they by aventure met
together : Then began a strong medley, for the Scottes
fought valiauntly a great while, and the Englishmen them
hardely assailed, and at the last by fine force, caused theim
to leave the ground and flie, and in the flight wer taken CC.
Scottes, and many slain, of the which prisoners diverse wer
gentlemen sir Raufe of Fanwycke. Leonard Musgrave, and
bastarde

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bastarde Heron, with xxx. other Englyshemen wel horssed,
folowed so farre the chace, that they were paste rescues of
their compaignie, which perceiving the Scottes sodainly
returned, and set on the Englishemen, which oppressed
wyth multitude, were sone overcome, and there was
taken sir Raufe a Fanwicke, Leonard Musgrave, and syxe
other, and Bastarde Heron, and seven other slain, the
remnaunt by chaunce escaped : the other English men
with their two hundred prisoners, returned savely into
England: the slaiyng of the Bastard Heron, was more
pleasure to the Scottes, then the taking of the two hundred
was displeasure, thei hated him so.
The vii. day of July, the lorde Maxwel of Scotlande, and
sir Alexander Jorden, with banners displayd, and Scottes to
the nombre of four thousand, entered into England at the
Westmarches by Carleile, and began to burne on everye
syde : then the Englyshemen assembled on every syde, and
so they were in nombre ii. M. men, and fiercely set on the
Scottes, there was a great fyght, for the space of an houre,
at the last the Englishmen brake the array of the Scottes,
and them discomfited, and toke CCC. Scottes prisoners,
the Englishmen that had taken prisoners, went away
with their prisoners : For Sir Alexander Jorden, and his
sonne and diverse other were taken prysoners, and by their
departyng, the compaigny of the Englyshemen was muche
mynished. The Lorde Maxwell beyng a politique man, perceived
that, and sodainly called his people together, and them
encoraged, and began a new skirmysh, and recovered al the
prisoners almost, and toke diverse English men prysoners,
this was the chaunce of warre.
After thys jorney, in the Court of Parliament of Scotlande,
was much commonyng of the warres, whiche were betwene
England and Scotland : some of the nobles sayed, that
Fraunce never dyd so muche good to Scotlande in xx.
yeres, as Scotlande had lost by Englande, in one yere, for
the love and cause of Fraunce : wherfore they thought it
convenient to make a perpetuall league of amitie, with the
king of Englande, and to leave the French kinges parte.
Other nobles whiche had pencyons in Fraunce, declared
the old amitie betwene Fraunce and Scotland, and how
the French kyng, brought up many gentlemen of Scotlande

in

King Henry the VIII.

i3

in his Courte, gevinge them greate livynges, whiche the
kinge of England would not do : thei also alleged the
franches, and privileges that the Scottes have in Fraunce,
and specially they shewed, that yf the king of Scottes
shoulde breake with Fraunce, and then if it happened the
kyng of Englande, to invade Scotlande, whiche beyng
wythout aide of any frend, myght wel by the power of
England be conquered. After many long reasons it was
thought expedient, to sue to the king of England for a
truce, which was done, and a truce graunted, til S. Andrewes
day. This yere the first day of September, was doctor Thomas
Hanibal Maister of the Rolles, received into London, with
erles, and byshops, and diverse other nobles and gentlemen,
as Ambassador from Clement bishop of Rome, which brought
wyth him a rose of golde, for a token to the kynge : the
people as he passed, thought to have sene the rose, but it
was not shewed, til he came to the kyng to Wyndsore, on
the day of the Nativitie of our Lady, on which daye, after a
solempne masse songe by the Cardinall of Yorke, the saide
presente was delivered to the kynge, whiche was a tre forged
with fine golde, and wrought with braunches, leaves and
flowers, resemblyng Roses : this tree was set in a pot of
gold, whiche had thre fete of antyke fashyon : the pot was
of measure halfe a pinte, in thy uppermost Rose, was a faire
Saphier loupe perced, the bignes of an Acorne, the tre was of
heyght halfe an English yard, and in breth it was a fote.
The sayd Ambassador in delivering the same Rose, made an
oracion, declaryng the good mind, love and favor, that the
bishop of Rome bare to the kynge, in token whereof he
sent hym that present, which the kyng thankefully receyved,
and delivered it to him again, and so he bare it open before
the kyng, from the College to the great chamber, and there
delivered it to the Mayster of the Juell house, and so there
ended his legation.
Before this time in the moneth of July, lord Archebalde
Douglas^erle of Anguishe, whych had maried the Quene of
Scottes, sister to the kyng of Englande, and was sent into
Fraunce by the Duke of Albany, and there kept, contrary to
his wyl and pleasure, and from thence hardely escaped, and
came to the kyng of England, to hys maner of Grenewiche,
and there besought him of his aide and comfort, to whom the

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A Rose
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the king made a gentle answer. This Erie was not in the
favor of hys wife the Quene of Scottes, wherefore she caused
hym to be sent into Fraunce : some said that she loved the
duke of Albany, better then hym, but what soever the
matter was, she wrote to the French king, that yf therle
ever came again into Scotlande, that the French kyng
should have no plesure in Scotlande, that she might let,
so that the Erie beyng in Fraunce, was in jeoperdie of his
lyfe. Wherfore secretly he fled and came into Englande,
as you have hard, and one day at the Castle of Windsore he
declared that in the counsail of Fraunce, when he was there,
they happened in communicacion, to talke of the warres
that were then, betwene the Emperor and the French kyng,
and betwene the kyng of England and the French kyng :
there was a Lorde of the counsayl, that stode up, and sayd,
it were better that one person suffered, rather then al
the realme should be dayly in this mischief. Then was it
asked, what he meant by that one persone, he answered,
that yf the French Quene, whiche was lame and ugly were
dedde, that then wayes might be founde, that the French
kyng should mary themperors sister, and to have wyth her
the Duchy of Millain, and then wyth the money of her
mariage, the kyng of England should be payed, and so
a peace might be concluded : to this no answer was
made, but whether this were true or false, for a truth the
French quene was ded the xxvi. day July, and was buried
at s. Denyse.
The Duke of Burbon this sommer, made sharp war on
the French kynges dominions, and dyd hygh enterprises :
wherfore the kynge of England sent his letters, to diverse
lordes and gentlemen in this season, the tenor wherof
ensueth. Trustie, &c. For as muche as (our lord God be
thanked) our army, under the leading of our cosin the duke
of Burbon, hath not onely entered the realme of Fraunce,
gaining and attainyng many tounes, cities, castles and
places, with the whole countrey of Province, wythout any
resystence, of our auncient enemie the French kyng, but
also goeth dayly marching, and continually doth chace,
and drive before them such men of war, as our sayed
enemy hath prepared for his defence, in the resistence of
our cosin the Duke of Burbon, and our sayd army. In
such wyse that it is thought undoubtedly, nowe to bee moste
convenient

King Henry the VIII.

r5

convenient tyme and season, either in our persone (although
the yere be somwhat past) or by a livetenaunt, wyth a
puissant army to invade Fraunce, on the other syde, both
for the recoveryng of the croune and to compell our sayde
enemie, to knowlege his obstinate, wylful, and erronious
demeanure, wherefore we wyll and commaunde you, to be
redy with such power as you be able to make, upon the
next Prodamacion to bee made, dated the tenth day of
September. After which letters sent furth, every man made preparation
accordyngly, and the people murmured and sayed, that it
were much better that the kyng should mainteyn his warres,
with his owne subjectes, and spende his treasure on them,
then to trust the Duke of Burbon, beyng a straungier to
spend hys money.
The king beyng at Windsore, to him came sir Anthony
Fitz Herbert one of the Justices of the common place, a man
of excellent lerning in the law, as appereth by his workes, sir
Raufe Egerton knyght, doctor Denton Deane of Lichfele,
whych in the beginning of thys yere, wer sente as Com
missioners into Irelande, which so wisely endevored them
selfes that thei reformed many injuries done in the countrey,
and brought diverse of the wilde Irishe, by fayre meanes to
a submission, and made by the kynges aucthoritie, the Erie
of Kildare deputie of the lande, before whom the greate
Oneele bare the sworde : and the lord Piers Butler, called
Erie of Ormound, whych was deputie of Irelande, was by
the sayd Commissioners, made hygh threasorer of Ireland.
And when they had set al thynges in good ordre, in the moneth
of September they toke shyppyng, and in the same monethe
came to the kinge, which gave them hys harty thankes, for
their good doynges.
In thys moneth the king sent Maister Thomas Magnus
Priest, and Roger Ratcliffe Esquier into Scotlande, for the
suretie of his nephew the kyng of Scottes, for diverse lordes
of Scotland, wrote to the kinge that they doubted the
suretie for their kinge, because the duke of Albany which
was heire apparant to the realme of Scotlande had the kynge
in governaunce, and also they thought, he beyng a French
man borne, shuld not rule their realme : wherfore thei
emongest themselfes, murmured sore in this matter. The
Duke hearyng, that the Lordes of Scotland, had written to
the

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the kynge of Englande, and also that they repyned and
grudged at his doynges, sodainly with al the threasure
that he could make, departed from Scotlande, and sailed
into Fraunce, with which departyng the commons were
nothing sory, and sone after his departing^ the Ambas
sadors of England, were joyously receyved into Scotland,
and there the sayd Ambassadoures taried, till Marche
twelve monethe, in which tyme there were many conclu
sions driven, betwene the two realmes : now let us returne
to Fraunce.
The xxiiii. day of September, thre horsemen of the
garrison of Bullein, whych well knew the haven of Calice,
came at a nepe tide, and passed over Calice haven, by Ryse
banke in the nyght, and went behind the Est Wyndmill,
and then tooke lande, and wente to a litle vyllage called
Middilwaye, and passed the Turne Pikes, and entred into
a Whelers house and toke the man and the wyfe, and xx. 1.
in money sterlyng, and went away clere wythout askrye of
perceyving of the watch of Calice and no man wyst where
they were become, til the Trompet of Bullein brought worde
and demaunded the raunsome.
The last day of September, fyfty lyght horsemen of
Calice, apperteignyng to sir Robert Jerningham, rode toward
Bullein, and passed the water of Margison, and came, to
the water of Sclakes nere Bullein where sodainly thei en
countered lx. Frenchmen, of the garrison of Bullein, there
was shotyng wyth long bowes and crosebowes, on every
side strong was the fyght, but at the last the Frenchmen
fled, the Englyshemen folowed, and toke thre lyght
horsemen, and when they perceyved the Alarme on every
side, they put them selfes in array, and with their botie came
to Calice.
The same daye sir Thomas Palmer, with xl. horsemen of
Guisnes encountered with the captain Bertrain, leader of the
horsemen of therle Dammartin, with lx. horsemen, there was
a strong fyght two houres together, but. in the ende the
Frenchmen fled, and the Englishemen folowed, and toke
xviii. prysoners, and xvi. good horse, and wyth thys botie
they returned to Guysnes.
In this busie season, the aventurers hearing what the
horsemen, on their parties had done, and in especial per
ceivyng that thenglish horsemen had taken good prisoners,
commoned

King Henry the VIII.

l7

commoned emongest themselfes, what was to be done, then
one of their capitaynes said openly : sirs you se how long we
have bene here, and wages we have none, our living riseth on
the gaine of our enemies, and syth our beginnynge, we have
had good chaunce in all our enterprises. God be thanked :
nowe the Winter draweth nere, let us now aventure to get
som good botie, to make us mery with, in the cold wether,
and yf you wyl, we shall enterpryse a thing that I truste to
us shalbee profitable. Then all the compaignie cried fur the
furth. Then wyth a banner of sainct George, they marched
toward a vyllage, liyng towarde Mustrel, having onely xxv.
light horsemen, to be their skourers, and they were not
fully two hundred men. This compaigny folowing their
skourers, went farre on, and had gotten a faire botie, of
Oxen, Kine, and other beastial, and were here at their
returne and by chaunce the same day, was the erle of
Dammartin, and the captayn of Mustrel, with the power
of the duke of Vandosme, goyng towarde sainct Omers to
burne and destroy that countrey, and for that purpose
thei had gathered together xv. C. horsemen, and viii. C.
footmen, how be it, the footmen were a large myle behind
the horsemen.
The Frenchmen on horsebacke, espyed the English horse
men, which perceiving the great nomber fled, and as the
said Frenchmen marched forward, they espyed the aven
turers on foote, and made toward them : thenglishmen
seing the great nomber of the horsemen, studied to get
som hedge or stronge place to fortifie theim, but there
was no suche place in sight, and also they had no suche
tyme so to do, wherefore the captayne sayed : Good
felowes and brethren, we have of long time bene called
aventurers, now is the tyme come of our aventure, the
Frenchmen wyll not raunsome us for nothing, we be
emongest them so feared : if any thing save our lyves,
it must be God, and our hardines, and therfore sayd he
if you se me begin to flie, slaye me out of hande. Then
every man cryed God mercie, and kneled doune and
kissed the earth, and strake handes eche wyth other, in
token not to depart, and then made themselfs prest to the
defence. The Frenchmen came on, on every syde, thenglishmen
shot their arrowes, and defended them aswel as they could. The

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VOL. II.

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The end of
the aven
turers.

The Frenchmen perceiving that the Englishmen kept them
selfs so close, caused diverse of the horse men to lyght a
fote, and so they dyd, and fought wyth their speres against
the pikes, and shote wyth Crossebowes on every syde. Alas,
the while for while the Englyshmen had arrowes to shote,
they were not broken, but close wythout peryl, but when
their arrowes were spent, the Englyshmen fought valiauntly,
and slew many Frenchmen that lyghted on foote, but in
the conclusion the horsemen entered, and killed them
all in maner, because there were so many of their
compaignie slain and toke fewe of them prisoners. This
was thend of these compaignions, called the krekers or
aventurers, which were as hardie men, as ever served prince
or captain.
The duke of Burbon, wyth the Marques of Picardy, in
the moneth of October, wyth a great puyssaunce, layed
siege to the strong toune of Marcel in Province, and laye
there a great space. The Frenche kynge reised a great
armye, and sware that he would reise the siege, whereof
hearynge the Duke of Burgon, sent for the Marques of
Piscare, and hys other captains, and declared to them that
hys intent was, to geve the French king battayl : the
Marques of Piscare sayed that the Frenche kynges
puissaunce was greate, and theirs final, and sayde : al-
thoughe the duke of Burbon, whych was a banished man
from hys countrey, had no other remedy to revenge him,
but by battail, yet he sayd, he would not put al the
Emperors men, of the whyche he had the guide, in such a
hasard, till the remnant of the Emperours power were
come. Wel said the duke of Burbon, then you do not as
you have written, both to the Emperor and to the ' king of
England, whych shalbe a reproche to your honor : Nay
sayd the Marques, I wil kepe me from reproche. Then
said doctor Richard Pace, Ambassador to the kyng of
Englande : my lorde you have had the king my maisters
wages, I woulde be glad to heare what way you woulde
take : I wol tel you said the Marques, the French kyng
hath a great armie gone into Italy, and he him selfe foloweth
with another, not to come to fight with us I dare assure you :
but only to take the Duches of Millain unprovided, whiche
shal do him more pleasure then he had slain all us. Also
the Emperor shal lese, more then x. Marceles be worth, and the

King Henry the VIII.

l9

the French kinges power shalbe more elated, that he wil not
set by the Emperor, nor the kyng of England. Therfore
my advise is, to breake up thys siege, and with all spede
to prevent hym in Italy, and yf we be entered the tounes,
and put municions in the same, he shal lye a colde in the
feldes, and then you shal se what shal become of hym,
when hys beastes dye, and his vitail spente. To thys
counsail the duke and all the Capytaynes agreed, and
so brake up the siege, and wyth al hast departed into Italy,
and fortified all the tounes in the Duchie of Millein and
other necessaries.
The French kynge hearinge of this, wyth al hys armye
passed the Mountaignies, and Camped nere to Millain.
It chaunced in this monethe of November the xiii. day
aboute the toune of Calice, there fel a great mist, in which
mist the Frenchmen came to a village called Kause besyde
Newnam brydge, and toke xl. beastes, then the Alarme was
brought to Calice, whiche hearing the Marshal of Calice,
called to hym sir Robert Jerningham, and they had with
them i. C. xx. horsemen, and sent syr Anthony Browne, to
tel the capitain of Guysnes, what they entended to do, but
they taryed not for the company of Guysnes, but marched so
far forward, that they came to the water of Sclaukes, which
is nere Bullein, and there they set their stale. And in the
morninge betime, they sent furth a gentleman called Richard
Lambert, wyth xx. light horsemen on swyfte geldinges, and
they came by Moone light nere Bullein, and then they saw
the men of Bullein and other there about, put out their
beastes into the feld. Then the Englyshmen wyth great
diligence brought all the beastes together, and so began to
drive theim together, toward their embushement. Then the
Alarme began at Bullein, and the men of war issued out of
the toune, and fought wyth thenglyshmen, their horses wer
fresh, wherfore they had a great avauntage, but in conclusion
thre French menne were slayne, and their horses taken, and
so the lyght horsemen came wyth their catail, nere to the
embushment, and the Frenchmen folowed, that seyng the
Englyshmen that kept the stale, came in al hast and rescued
their light horsemen, and drave the Frenchemen backe, and
then made returne to their beastes, and as they were returnyng,
they had worde brought to them, how that syr Wylliam Fytz
William captayne of Guisnes of his retinue, were besiegyng a
pile

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pile called the castle of Capel, wherefore they sped them
thether in all haste, and when they were come thether, the
captain of Guysnes them hartelye welcomed, and then they
concluded to geve an assault to the castle, and so wyth good
courage set on, the Frenchmen defended it very valyantly a
great whyle, but at the last the Englyshmen gat over the
diches, and scaled the walles, but the Frenchmen styl them
defended, till the Englishmen had gotten to the highest of
the dongion, and then was there slaiyng a pace. For there
wer liii. persones slaine out of hande, in revenginge the
greate obstinacie of the Frenchmen, and the castle was
rased and brent. Then sir William Fitz William wyth hys
boty, and sir Jhon Wallop Marshal of Calyce and sir Jhon
Jernyngham returned, he to Guisnes, and thei to Calice. The
same day xiiii. Burgonyons and xiiii. Spanyardes, al horse
men of Guysnes, came to the Church of Falske, not farre
from Durnam at high Masse tyme, and there drew their
swordes, and so much dyd that al the men in the church, to
the nomber of fyftie, yelded them selfes prisoners, of whiche
nomber they toke eyght persones wyth them, whyche shuld
be gages for the remnant, and with these viii. thei came to
Guisnes. The xix. day of December were receyved into London,
lorde Gilbert Kevet Erie of Castelles, sir Robert Cockburne
bishop of Dunkell, and the Abbot of Campskenel, Am
bassadors from James the fyfth kyng of Scottes, by the
byshop of Lyncolne, the lorde of sainct Jhones, and diverse
other noble men, and wer conveighed to their lodgynges at
Tailers Haule.
The xxiii. daye of December, the sayd Ambassadors were
conveighed to Grenewiche, accompaignied with the sayd
lordes by water, and when they came to the utter gate,
they were receyved of the offycers of the house, and so
passed throughe the haule, whych was wel furnished with
people, and so through the uttermost chamber, into the
great chamber of presence, where they were received and
welcomed, of al the princes and nobles of the realme, and
within a short space the king came furth, and set him self in
a throne of thre steppes hyghe, under his clothe of estate,
whyche was very rich, but his apparel was exceding rich,
both of goldsmithes worke and perle and stone which the
Scottes wel avysed, and then they wisely and humbly made their

King Henry the VIII.

21

their obeysaunce, and the byshop in good plaine latin made
a solempne Oration, in the which he declared, that although
the realme of Scotlande and he, had often times hard the
renoune and fame of him and his Course, both for the
gyftes of grace and nature, whych wer in his persone, yet
he saied that his princely countenaunce, his lovely favor,
which he hymself did se, did muche surmount the fame
and name, which he hath hard of reporte. He declared
further, that although fortune had hym favored, in con-
queryng of regions, and vanquishyng of battailes, yet that
thyng was not so honorable to him, nor profitable to his
realme, as was a good peace, whiche pleaseth bothe God and
man, and for that cause he shewed, that kyng James the fifth
his nephew, and felowe to the kyng of England, had sent
them his Ambassadors, to entreate a peace, so that a con
venient mariage might be made, betwene hym and the lady
Mary, doughter to the kyng, whiche should be a lincke
necessary, to knit together the realme of Scotlande and
Englande, in perpetuall love and amitie.
To whiche Oration, the bishop of London doctor Tun-
stall answered and saied : that the kyng was at their desire,
content to have peace upon reasonable conditions, and as
touchynge mariage of his daughter, he would so answere
theim, that thei should be contented. Then the kyng rose
from his place and welcomed theim, and all the honest per
sones of the train, and after communicacion had, thei tooke
their leave for that tyme, and so toke their barge and came
to London.
Before the feast of Christmas, the lorde Leonard Grey,
and the lord Jhon Grey, brethren to the Marques Dorcet,
sir George Cobham sonne to the lord Cobham, Willyam
Cary, sir Jhon Dudley, Thomas Wiat, Fraunces Pointz,
Fraunces Sidney, sir Antony Broune, sir Edward Seimour,
Oliver Manners, Percival Harte, Sebastian Nudigate, and
Thomas Calen Esquires of the Kynges housholde, enter-
prised a chalenge of feactes of armes, against the feast of
Christmas, wherefore they sent Wyndsore herault, on sainct
Thomas day before Christmas, into the Quenes great chamber,
the kyng being present, which herault had a coate of armes
of red silke, beaten with a goodly Castle, of foure Turrettes
silver, and in every turret a faire lady, standyng gorgiously
appareled : the herault after that the Trumpet had blowen, saied

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King Henry the VIII.

THE XVI.
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[1524-25]

saied where the kyng our sovereigne Lorde, of his bountifull
goodnes, hath geven to foure maidens of his Court, the
castle of Loyaltie, to dispose at their pleasure, the saied
maidens have geven the custodie therof, to a capitain and
fiftene gentlemen with hym, whiche capitain sent furth
me his Herault called Chasteau Blanche, to declare to all
kynges and princes, and other gentlemen of noble corage,
that the saied capitain wil nere to his Castle raise a Mount,
on whiche shall stande an Unicorne, supporting foure faire
shildes. The firste shilde shalbe White, and whosoever toucheth
that shelde shalbe answered sixe courses at the Tilt, by them
of the Castle, with hostyng harnes and double peces.
The second shilde, Red, betokenyng the Turnay, and
whosoever toucheth that shild, shalbe answered tenne
strokes at the Turnay, with the sworde, edge and poynt
abated. The third shild yelow, signifiyng the Barriers, and he that
toucheth that shilde shalbee answered twelve strokes at the
Barriers, wyth the sworde, edge and poynt abated.
The fourth shilde blewe, betokenyng the assaulte, with
such wepons as the capitain of the Castle shal occupie,
that is, Morrice pike, sworde, target, the poynt and edge
abated. Also the saied capitain and his compaignie promise, to
defend the said Castle against al commers, beeyng gentlemen
of name and armes, and the assaulters to devise, all maner
of engynes for the assaultyng, edge tole, to breake the house
and ground, onely except, and also that no other weapon
shalbe used, but suche as the patron shalbe sette up, by the
saied Unicorne, and that no manne medle with fire within
or without, but the matches for gonnes, and every prisoner
taken on either partie, to paye for his raunsom iiii. yeardes
of right satten, and every capitain xiii. yardes.
Accordyng to this Proclamation was the Mounte, and al
thynges devised sumpteously, with a greate craggy braunche,
on which wer hanged the shildes of the armes of the capi
tain, and all other of the Castle. For this enterprise there
was set up, in the Tilte yard at Grenewiche a castle square
every waye xx. foote, and fiftie foote on heigh, very strong
and of great timber, well fastened with yron, the embatel-
mentes, loupes and every place where men shoulde entre, wer set

King Henry the VIII.

*3

set with great rolles, and turned assone as thei wer touched,
so that to semynge no man could entre the towers, nor em-
batilmentes. On the North and South sides, were two greate
diches, xv. foote depe, from the brinke to the botome, and
thei were very stepe, and betwene the diche and Castle, was
set a pale, whych was rampaired with yearth so stepe and
thicke, that it was not likely to begotten. On these diches
were twoo drawe bridges, on the West side was a greate
rampire or banke, very stepe without and within, and like
to a vamure of a fortresse, by the vamure the diches wer
xxiiii. fote depe. When the strength of this castle was well
beholden, many made dangerous to assault it, and some sayd
it could not be wonne by sporte, but by ernest. The kyng
mynded to have it assaulted, and devised engins ther fore,
but the Carpenters wer so dull, that thei understode not his
entent and wrought all thyng contrary, and soYor that tyme
the assaulte was prolonged, and all the other poyntes of the
chalenge held, for the morow after sainct Jhon the Evan-
gelistes daye in Christmas, came out of the castle, sixe men
of armes of the castle, on horsebacke armed at al pointes
with their speres ready to discharge, and so came to the ende
of the Tylt, abidyng al commers. Then sodainly entered
into the feld, twoo ladies on twoo palfreis, in great robes of
purple damaske leadyng two ancient knightes, wyth beardes
of silver, in the same apparell, and when they came before
the Quene, thei put up a bill to her, the effect wherof was,
that although youth had left them, and age was come, and
would lette theim to do feactes of armes : Yet courage, de
sire, and good will abode with theim, and bad theim to take
upon them to breake speres, whiche they would gladly do,
yf it pleased her to geve them license. When the Quene
and the ladies had seen the byll, they praised their corage,
and gave them licence.
Then the knightes threw awaie their robes, and then it
was knowen that it was the Kyng, and the Duke of Suffolk,
whose bardes and bases were gold, embraudered with purple,
silver, and Blacke, very curiously. After them folowed the
Erie of Devonshire, the Lorde Montacute, the Lorde Roos,
sir Nicholas Carewe, sir Frances Brian, Henry Norreis,
Anthony Knevet, and five other, every man ran eight
courses, in which courses the kyng brake seven speres.
Every man that day did well, so that the Scottes much
praised

THE xvi.
YERE
t1 524-25]

24

King Henry the VIII.

THE XVI.
YERE
[1524-25]

praised the men of armes of Englande, but moste of all
thei preised and marveiled at the Kynges strength, for thei
saw his speres wer broken with more force, then the other
speres wer.
When all the courses wer ronne, the kyng and al the
other disarmed them, and went to supper, and after supper
the kyng havyng with him, the Ambassadors of Scotland,
came into the Quenes chamber, where after that the Lordes,
and diverse Ladies had daunced, there came in a Maske of
xvi. all appareled in clothe of Golde, riche tynsell and crimo-
syn velvet, cut, slit, and tied very curiously, their buskins
and shoen wer gold, cappes and whoddes all gold, riche and
not counterfected : of this nomber the Kyng and the Duke
of Suffolk wer twoo, then the Maskers toke Ladies, and
daunsed a greate season, and that doen was brought in wyne
and spices, and the straungiers wel cherished, and after that
conveighed toward their lodgyng. And as thei went thei
asked a gentleman which accompaignied theim, yf all the
warre tyme the Kyng and the lordes were so mery, or had
suche joyous pastyme, or kepte suche Royall housholde, or
were so well appareled : for in their countrey they sayd, in
tyme of warre, was nothyng but wailyng and mournyng,
and also thei thought that the realme of Fraunce, is not a
realme to sport with, nor Maske with. The gentleman
answered, that the kynge and his courte, used them still al
the warre tyme, as thei dooe now, for thei set not by the
French kyng one bene. For the kyng of England maie sit
in his chaire and dammage the French kyng, for the Lordes
and comminaltie of England, praie for the continuance of
warre, for by the warres of Fraunce they wynne, and lese
not, at whiche saiyng the Scottes muche mused.
Fridaie the xxx. day of December, therle of Castels one of
the Scottishe Ambassadors toke his leave, and departed
toward Scotlande : for to common with the Counsaill of
Scotland, for thynges whiche were not in their commission,
and left behynd hym the Bishoppe of Dunkell, and the
Abbot of Campskenell : some saied tharticle was, that the
Scottes should forsake the French kyng, and that the kyng
of Scottes should come into Englande, but whatsoever it
was, every man knewe it not.
The second daie of January, there was much talkyng of
the assault of the Castle, and so after long debate, sir Frances
 Brian,

King Henry the VIII.

25

Brian, and Fraunces Poyntz, enterprised to defende the West
braie of the Castle, with Pike Target, and Sworde, poynt and
edge abated, against sir George Cobham George Harbert,
Jhon Poyntz, and Willyam Knevet, and when thei were al
armed, the Trumpettes blewe, then toward the braie marched
the foure gentlemen, with pikes and swordes, and cried harr,
harr, there was foynyng, lasshyng, and strikyng, they within
fought mightely and when any without clymed up the banke,
thei within bet them doune thei within were sometyme beten
doune almost : but surely thei fought valiantly, and then
they seased for a while.
Then began the assaulte againe, and George Harbert and
Willyam Knevet, helde them twoo within so hard, that thei
could scant put their heddes over the braye, or bulwerke.
While they two thus still fought, their two felowes, sir
George Cobham, and Jhon Poyntz, with their swordes
digged holes in the banke to clyme up, but or they had
dooen, their twoo compaignions were fought out of brethe,
then sir Fraunces Brian and Frances Poyntz, fought with
the other two that digged, and then on came thother two,
that had brethed themselfes, then fierce was the fight, and.
Jhon Poyntz gat footyng in the banke above, and toke
holde of the pale, and fought hande to hande, with Fraunces
Poyntz hys brother, and ever George Harbert sustenied him,
at the banke with his pike, sir Edwarde Cobham gat the
banke, and fought hardely, but at the last he was over-
throwen, but up he gat again, and coragiously gat the pale :
they two within fought valiantly, but they wer over matched,
for they that fought at the pale without, by aide of their
felowes gatte over the pale, and then was the battaill ended.
I thynke that there was never battaill of pleasure, better
fought then this was.
The next day after was another fight, of foure and eight
whyche was sore foughten, and at last the braye taken, and
when the combates were disarmed, sodainly all the younge
persones without, threwe stones at them within the castle,
and they at theim, and many honest men whiche threwe not
wer hurt, and with muche peyn they without wer apeised,
and no man knewe how nor why, this hurlyng began.
The fifth daye of January, all the knightes of the castle,
came to the barriers to abide all men, thether came the kyng
and many other lordes and gentlemen, and that daye by them

THE xvi.
YERE
[1524-25]

VOL. II.

26

King Henry the VIII.

THE XVI.
YERE
[1524-25]

The Obser-
vaunt Friers
would not
obeye the
Cardinall.

of the castle, were delivered lviii. gentlemen, and lviii. bat-
tailes fought valiantly, the kyng himself fought coragiously,
and so did all the other. The eight day of February, the
gentlemen of the castle folowyng their chalenge, came into
the felde, ready to answere al commers. To this turnay
came the kyng, his base and bard wer cloth of silver, and
blacke velvet ruffed and not plain, and over that was a
worke of purple velvet, embraudered richely with gold,
cutte in knottes or foldes fastened, so that it bossed out
and frounced very stately to behold. After the Kyng came
xix. other richely appareld, the Kyng and Sir Anthony Broune
Turnaied together, and the kyng with his sword, poynt and
edge abated, had almoste cut his poldron, his strokes were
so greate. Then every man turnaied as his course came,
and many a sworde was broken, and many a good stripe
geven, and when every man had striken the full nomber of
twelve strokes, thei wer severed and then they disarmed.
In this monethe the Cardinal as legate, by hys power
Legantyne, would have visited the Friers Observauntes, but
they in nowise would there in condiscende, wherefore xix. of
the same religion, were accursed at Paules Crosse, by one of
the same religion called Frier Forest. Of this Frier Forest
ye shall here more here after, in the thirtie yere of this Kyng.
In this season the French kyng was in Italy, with all his
nobilitie, and to hym was Millain yelded, but because of
pestilence he would not entre, but departed and laied siege
to the strong toune of Pavia, whereof was capitain a valiant
Spanyard, called Antony de Leva. The French kynges
mother beyng Regent of Fraunce, perceivyng that the
kyng her soonne, with all his good Capitaines were in
Italy, doubted that the kyng of Englande, in the nexte
Spryng tyme would invade Fraunce. Wherfore she by
the advice of the counsaill of Fraunce, did so much with
the kyng of England, that her Stuard of houshold called
Jhon Jokin, had a saveconduit to come into Englande,
whiche was kept close in the house of docter Larke, a Pre
bendary of sainct Stevens, and every daye prively spake
with the Cardinal, and so secretly he remained, til the xxiiii.
day of January, at whiche day came to London, the presi
dent of Roan called Monsire Brynyon, as an Ambassador
from Frances the French kyng, and was lodged with Jhon
Jokyn : this Jhon Jokyn was kept privie, because that no
man

King Henry the VIII.

27

man shoulde knowe, that there was any man of Fraunce,
here to sollicite any cause for the Frenche Kyng, whiche
after grewe to greate trouble. For he shewed hymself to
straungiers, which favored the Frenche partie, and so at last
it was openly knowen, to the kynges counsaill, and almoste
to all men : but when the Emperors Ambassador knewe
this darke dealyng, he mused not a litle and saied, that the
Cardinal did drive privie driftes, and that by his meanes
onely, Jhon Jokyn was come into England, to entreate a
peace in secret maner, or the kynges frendes might knowe
it, and all people saied that Jhon Jokyn was but a caste
away of Jeane, and had no livyng to live on, but of the lady
Regent, and marveiled why he should be kept close, and so
much cherished of the Cardinall. For this kepyng close
of this Jokyn, Englishemen wer rebuked at the Marte in
Flaunders, and Brabant. The Emperors Ambassador and
the bishop of Romes Ambassador also sore murmured, why
this Jhon Jokyn should bee kept as a spirite in close, con
sidering that there was open warre betwene the twoo
kynges, and feared that the kynges counsaill should be
corrupt. This Jhon Jokyn was muche with the Cardinall,
but never was seen with the kyng nor his counsaill, but for
all the secretnes, Monsire Pratt themperors Ambassadour,
knewe all the offers that he made for peace (whiche in deede
wer very greate) and how he had offered pencions, to diverse
young men aboute the kyng, of the which some wer very
glad, and so the noyse by reson of suche offers ran, that a
peace was likely to ensue in shorte space.
Monsire Pratt wrote of this matter, in all hast to the
Emperor, in the which letters he highly commended the
kyng of England, for his stedfastnes : but he sayed some of
the kynges counsaill, loved neither the Emperour nor the kyng
of England, and wrote to hym farther, all the maner of the
secret kepyng of Jhon Jokyn. These letters at last wer
brought to the Cardinall, by what chaunce it was not openly
knowen, and so he sent for Monsir Pratt, and declared to
hym the matter, which answered him, that he was counsailer
and Ambassador to the Emperour, and that it was his parte,
to assertein the Emperor of every thyng, that was or might
sound prejudicial to his majestie, but howsoever that his
answere was taken, he was not favored with the Cardinall,
but he sayed openly, that it was not well ment to the
Emperor,

THE XVI.
YERE
[!524-25]

28

King Henry the VIII.

THE XVI.
YERE
[1524-25]

Treason at
Heddyngcastle.

Emperor, to stoppe his packet with letters and to open them,
and the Spanyardes saied, that the Emperor sent them not
into England to slepe, but to do him service. The byshop
of Romes Ambassador wrote to his master, that peace was
likely to be concluded, betwene Englande and Fraunce, and
willed hym to bee the firste frende to the Frenche kynge,
rather then the seconde. Of whiche writyng came harme
after, as you shall heare.
In this moneth tidynges came to the Kyng, howe the
Marques of Piscaire in Italy, had gotten from the Frenche
kyng, a castle called the castle s. Angell, which was a greate
fortification, of his siege at Pavie.
There was in this moneth a Flemyng in Heddyng Casde,
whyche came often tymes to sainct Omers, and promised
them yf they would come to Heddyng, he would deliver the
castle. Upon his worde thei of sainct Omers, gathered
together seven hundred footemen, and five hundred horse
men, and poynted with the spie, that the fourthe day of
February, thei would come thether^ and when the false
knave knewe the day, he told Monsire Pontdormie, Capi
tain of Heddyng, which incontinent filled the castle with
men of warre, and laied busshementes on every side, and had
laied the ordinaunce, all on the one side of the Castle, that
way that the Flemynges should come. The men of warre
of sainct Omers, were conveighed by their spie, mistrustyng
nothyng, to a posterne, which was litle used, and when there
were as many in, as the Frenchmen thought sufficient, thei
let fai the Portcolis : Then Monsire Pontdormie cried, slaie,
slaie, then the Flemynges wist that they wer betraied, and
put them selfes to fight for their lives, that seyng Monsire
Pontdormie, commaunded to fire the ordinaunce in suche
haste and fury, that the flame was so greate and fierce, that
it brent the saied Lorde Pontdormie, and xxvii. of his com-
paignions all gentlemen, the trayne was so hastely fiered,
that thei had no leasure to avoyde. In the fight tenne of
the Flemynges wer slain, and thirtie kept themselfes so
hardely together, that their lives were graunted them, and
so was taken as prisoners, the remnant that entred lept over
the castle wal, and so saved themselfes, and tolde newes to
their horsmen, which wer without, which hearyng the mis-
chaunce, returned toward sainct Omers.
Sundaie the fifth day of March, wer received into London, Monsire

King Henry the VIII.

29

Monsire de Bever lorde of Champhere, Admiral of Flaunders,
and the President of Malynes, called Maister Jhon de la
Coos, and Maister Jhon de la Gache, as Ambassadors from
the lady Margaret, in the name of the Emperor, for causes
of the lowe countreis, of Brabant, Flaunders, and Zelande :
and on Tewesday thei wer brought to the kyng to Bridwel,
whiche nobely theim enterteined, and then thei shewed how
themperors majestie, had commaunded theim to obey the
kyng of England, as protector and governor, wherfore thei
and all theirs, wer at his commaundement, and yf thei had
doen other wise, and not obeyed hym as their governor,
thei asked him mercy, then the kyng and thei talked
together secretly, and then they departed. These Am
bassadors demaunded thre thinges.
First, thei demaunded the ladie Mary the kynges onely
daughter, to be delivered to theim out of hande, and she to
be named Emprisse, and to take possession of all the lowe
countreis, and to be governor of the same, this article was
not agreed to, for causes.
Also that all suche sommes of money, as the Kyng should
geve with her in mariage, for a dower to be made to her,
shoulde be paied incontinent, this article was also denied.
Thirdly, that the kyng of England hymself, should passe
the sea and make warre in Fraunce, the next Sommer, to
this the kynge saied he would take advisement.
Thursday the ix. day of Marche, at vii. of the clocke in
the mornyng there came a gentleman in poste, from the
ladye Margaret governesse of Flaunders, and brought
letters, shewyng how that the xxiiii. daie of February, the
siege of Pavia, where the Frenche kyng had lien long,
was raised by force of battaill, and the Frenche kyng hym-
selfe taken prisoner, and how by the Duke of Burbon, the
Viceroy of Naples called Myngnovale, and the Marques of
Piscaire, and other of the Emperors capitaines, the whole
power of Fraunce was discomfited, and how the duke of
Albany with seven thousande men, was goyng to Naples,
and how the bishop of Rome was become French, against
the Emperor, and had sent his cosyn in aide of the French
kyng, with a great power. The same daie the president of
Roan' and Jhon Jokyn, wer goyng to the Court (for they
had not yet spoken with the kyng) and in Holburne in
their way was tidynges brought them, of the takyng of

THE XVI.
YERE
[1524-25]
Ambassadors
of Flaunders.

3°

King Henry the VIII.

THE XVI.
YERE
[1524-25]

A triumph
for the
taking of the
Frenche Kyng.

The true
report of the
takyng of the
French kyng.

of the kyng their Master, and of the losse of the feld,
which hearyng this misaventure, returned to their lodgyng
sorowfull, and within shorte space, returned to the Regent
of Fraunce. It was thought surely that the kyng of Eng
land, would have had peace with the French kyng, yf this
chaunce had not happened, for all the people of Englande,
grudged against Flaunders, for their evill entreatyng, in
the tyme of warre, and also the kynge was displeased
with theim, for enhaunsyng his coyne there, which was a
cause that money was dayly conveighed out of the Realme,
and many other causes ther were of grudge.
Saterdaye the xi. daie Marche, in the citie of London for
these tydynges, wer made greate fiers and triumph, and the
Maior and Aldermen road about the citie with Trumpettes,
and much wyne was laied in diverse places of the citie, that
every man might drynke, and on Tower hill the Ambassa-
dours of Rome, of Flaunders, and Venice, had a greate
banket made in a goodly tent, whych pleased theim well,
and as thei returned homewarde, all the stretes were full of
harnessed men and Cressettes, attendyng on the Constables,
whiche they preised muche.
Sonday the xii. of Marche, the kyng accompaignied with
the Ambassadors, of Rome, of the Emperor, of Scotland, of
Venice, of Millain and Florence, road in his estate to Paules
churche, and there the Cardinall sang Masse, and a xi. pre
lates waited on hym in pontificalles, and after Masse was
doen, the quere sang Te deum, and the mynstrelles plaied
on every side, and when all was doen, the kyng returned to
Bride wel, and there kept a solempne dinner. The bishop
of Scotland was muche marked this day, for whensoever
he came to the Court, before this time his apparell was
sumpteous, his whodde was ever velvet or crimosyn Satyn :
but after the takyng of the French kyng, he ware onely
blacke Chamlet, by whych token men judged his Frenche
harte. From the ix. day of Marche to the xvi. day, the kyng
had no mo letters, of the maner of battaill of Pavie, and
that day he received a letter from the Duke of Burbon, by
a gentleman called Gropayne : when the kyng had redde
the letter, he came into the Quenes Chamber, and there the
saied Gropayne declared the maner of the siege, and how
well it was planted, and how themperors men entered the
French

King Henry the VIII.

31

French campe by force, and threwe doune their bastiles,
and fought with the Frenchmen, within their Campe, and
tooke their kyng prisoner in the same, and many other
whiche was marveil. For when the French kyng entered
Italy, he had in his gard xi. C. men, and of speres furnished
twoo M. iii. C. 1. and of light horsemen eight hundred and
xx. and of footemen lxii. M. and of these the duke of Albany
had but eight thousande, so that there remayned with the
Frenche kyng xlix. M. ix. C. and fiftie men, wherof was
taken xiiii. M. and mo, beside the great riches, and the
goodly ordinance which were xii. greate Bombardes of
brasse, and xxiiii. greate Canon peces, xxiiii. double Cur-
talles, four double Canon peces, two middle Canon peces,
and eight other peces. After the feld was doen, the French
kyng was put in the custodie of the Viceroy of Naples,
whiche muche comforted hym, and preised his valiauntnes,
and praied hym to be content, for he should have a gentle
ende, then he desired to write to his mother, whiche was to
hym graunted, the very wordes wer these.
' To advertise you of my infortunate chaunce : Nothyng
' is left but the honor, and the life that is saved, and because
' some other newes shal recomforte you, I have desired to
' write to you this letter, the which liberally hath been
' graunted to me : besechyng you to regard the extremitie
' of your selfe, in ensuyng your accustomed wisedome. For
' I hope that at length God will not forget me, to you
' recommendyng your litle enfantes, and myne, suppliyng
' you to geve saveconduite, to passe and returne from
' Spain, to this berar that goeth toward the Emperor, to
' know in what wyse I shalbe intreated, and thus right
' humbly to your good grace, I have me recommended :
' This subscribed by your humble and obedient sonne
' Frances.' This season the Cardinal beyng in the kynges favor,
obteined licence to make a College at Oxforde, and
another at Ipswyche, and because he would geve no
landes to the sayd Colleges, he obteined of the bishop of
Rome, license to suppresse and put doune diverse Abbayes,
Priories, and Monasteries, to the nomber of
wherfore sodainly he entered by his Commissioners, into the
saied houses, and put out the Religious, and tooke all their
goodes, moveables, and scarcely gave to the poore wretches any

the xvi.
YERE
[1524-25]

The Cardynal
first began to
suppresseAbbeies.

3^

King Henry the VIII.

THE xvi.
YERE
[!524"25]

The Scottes
returned into
Scotlande.

Commissions.

The proposi
tion of the
Cardynall .

any thyng, except it wer to the heddes of the house, and
then he caused thexcheter to sit, and to finde the houses
voyde, as relynquished, and founde the kyng founder, where
other men wer founders, and with these landes he endewed
with al his Colleges, which he began so sumpteous and the
scholers wer so proude, that every persone judged, that
thende would not be good, as you shall heare, five yeres
hereafter. The Erie of Castelles which was sent into Scotlande,
returned into England, the xix. daie of Marche, but because
the French kyng was taken, his commission for the moste
part was determined, and so he and all his compaignie toke
their leave of the kyng, and without any reward returned
into Scotlande, the fourth daie of Aprill.
In this monethe of Marche, the Kyng sent Cutberd
Tunstall Bishop of London, and sir Richard Wyngfeld,
Chanceller of the Duchy of Lancastre, and Knight of the
Gartier, into Spain to the Emperour for greate causes con-
cernynge the takyng of the Frenche kyng, and in especiall
for warres to be made on Fraunce, on every side. For
so the kyng of England and his counsaill, were agreed
and determined : and the same moneth the Ambassadors,
departed again into Flaunders.
The counsail remembryng that it was determined, that
the kyng in proper persone should passe the sea, they con
sidered that above all thynges, greate threasure and plentie
of money, must nedes be had in a readines : wherefore by
the Cardinall were devised straunge Commissions, and sent
in the ende of Marche to every shire, and Commissioners
appoynted, which wer the greatest men of every shire : and
privie instructions sent to them, to saie and ordre the people;
and the tenor was, that the sixt part of every mannes sub-
staunce, should without delaie bee payed in money or plate,
to the kyng, for the furniture of his warre : wherefore the
Cardinall, as chief Commissioner for London, sent for sir
Willyam Bayly knight, then Maior of the citie, and the
Aldermen, and diverse hedde Comminers, and sayd to them
in maner folowyng. You the kynges welbeloved frendes
and subjectes, of the citie of London, I must declare to you,
how the kyng contrary to his awne mynd and will, but com
pelled of verie force, is determined to entre into a new war,
for the more explanacion of the truthe, you shall under-
stande,

King Henry the VIII.

33

stande, that after that Fraunces the Frenche kyng that now
is, had obteigned the Croune and scepter of the realme of
Fraunce, he moste humbly sued to the kyng our Master,
for peace, love, and amitie, promisyng upon the Evan-
gelistes, to kepe the league then concluded, and also to paie
to lady Mary quene dowager of Fraunce, her due pencion
and doware, to her graunted by kyng Lewes her husbande.
After this he by his Ambassadors, humbly desired the citie
of Turnay, which kyng Lewes before tyme had loste : the
kyng which would that the citie of Turnay, shoulde bee no
cause of grudge, betwene hym and the Frenche kyng, con
sented that for certaine sommes of money, it should be
delivered. And farther the more to bynd amitie betwene
theim, the kyng was content, that a communicacion of
mariage should be had, betwene the Dolphyn of Fraunce,
and the ladie Marie Princes of England, yet for to entreate
more love, familiaritie, and acquaintance, the king to his
greate cost and charge passed the sea, and met in persone
with the Frenche kyng, thynkyng that by reason of personall
sight and actuall communicacion, that more stable and ferme
love should growe betwene them, then by writyng, at which
time it was undoubtedly thought that there could be no
more love be knit, betwen two persones. There were
covenauntes made and sworne, and the kyng our Master
saied to the French kyng : Brother now that you and I
be thus knit, I require you to kepe ferme peace, and amitie,
with my nephew themperor : and also suffre not Duke Jhon
of Albany, to go into Scotlande, for puttyng the young king
my nephewe, in jeoperdie of his persone, wherfore if you love
me, in especiall kepe these two articles : if you observe these
articles, and al other covenauntes betwene us agreed, I assure
you there had never prince a surer frende, then you shall
have of me. Then the French kyng laied his hand in myne
(said the Cardinall) and sware by the othe of a kyng, he
would observe and kepe fermely, these poyntes with many
mo, and after the Kynges were departed, and that the Em-
peroure was come to the kyng to Calice : the French kyng
sent Monsir de la Roche baron with letters, declaryng that
he was in perfecte league and amitie with the Emperor, and
this notwithstandyng, he within lesse space then halfe a yere,
sent Robert de la Marche, to invade the Emperors lande,
and made warre in Naverre and other places. The kyng our
VOL. II.

THE XVI.
YERE
[1524-25]

The saiyng
of the Kyng
of England.

The othe of
the Frenche
Kyng.

34

King Henry the VIII.

THE XVI.
YERE
[1524-25]

our Master hearyng this, of his mere charitie sent me, and
other nobles with a greate trayne to Calice, to knowe by
whom the war began, for he promised to be enemie to hym
that brake firste. To which place came from the Frenche
kyng, his Chanceller, and Monsire de la Palice, and many
other noble men. And from the Emperor came his Chan
celler, and the lord Chevers, and there in open counsaill, the
Emperors Ambassadors, did shewe the French kynges letters,
signed and sealed, by the which he enforced and began the
to which poynte the Frenche Ambassadours could

warre

not answere. What should I saie, the warre was open on
bothe parties, I sent to the French kyng Ambassadors, to
entreate peace, but in nowise he would consent, wherfore
I with my compaignie returned. In the meane season
(although I doubted nothyng, the Frenche kynges faithe
toward our Maister) yet for a more suertie, I obteigned a
saveconduit for the English Merchauntes, that thei should
go to Burdaux, and upon suertie of that oure Merchantes
passed, yet he contrary to his saveconduit, toke the Mer
chantes goodes, and put their bodies in prison, whiche the
Turke woulde not have doen. The kyng sent gentely to
him, his herault Clarenseux, desiryng him to redresse all
these enormities, and to paie him his sommes of money, due
to hym and to the Quene his sister, for her dower, which to
do he refused and denied, whiche thynges you knowe, the
kyng of his honor might not suffre. Wherfore mightely
he hath these three yeres, kept warre continually bothe on
lande and sea, and invaded Fraunce with two armies royall,
and bet their tounes, castles, and fortresses, destroyed the
people, and passed the water of Somme, and proffered bat
taill to the Frenchmen, in their awne countrey, and hath
brought the countrey, in such penury and wretchednes,
that in many yeres it wyll not be recovered.
And the more to hurt and damage the Frenche kyng,
the kyng hath in wages the Duke of Burbon, whiche was
the greatest strengthe on the Frenche part : by whose power
and aide of other, which had great sommes of money, of the
kyng our Master, the Frenche kyng in persone is now taken,
and all his nobles in effect, before Pavia, and kept as prisoner
to the Emperor and the kyng our Master, and that for
great reason : for our Master sent sir Gregory de Cassado
his Ambassador, to the Viceroy of Naples, and to the Duke of

King Henry the VIII.

35

of Burbon, and the Marques of Piscaire, with a hundred
thousand Crounes, so that thei would fight with the Frenche
kyng : For the which money they assented, and so gave
battaill, in the which they slewe xii. thousand men, and
drouned vii. thousande, and xiii. thousande taken prisoners,
and now sithe God hath geven us victory, the kyng remem-
bryng the saiyng of the Poet that saieth : It is more mastery
to use victorie gotten, then to get, thynketh it necessarie
now in all hast, to make an armie royall, and be in person
to passe the seas, and to recover his right inheritance, bothe
of the Croune of Fraunce as of Normandie, Guyen, Gascone,
Aniowe and Mayne, the writynges whereof comprehendyng
the very title, you maie se here present yf ye list, but I
doubt not but you knowe them wel inough. And now I
aske you this question, whether that you thynke it con
venient, that the kyng should passe with an armie or not,
for the kyng will do by thavise of his subjectes : to the
whych many sayed yea, yea.
Wel saied the Cardinal, then must he be made able to go
like a prince, which cannot without your aides, and for to
shewe you what the Archebishoppe of Cantorbury and I,
which bee primates of the realme have doen, we have geven
of our landes, and al landes apperteignyng to the churche
the third parte, and the temporall lordes, have geven of
landes and goodes, the sixt parte, and to jeopard their
bodies in pain and travaill, and now sithe they which shall
aventure their lifes, doth profer the sixt part, what should
thei geve which abide at home? For soth I thinke that
halfe your substaunce were to litle, not meanyng that the
kyng so asketh. For he demaundeth onely no more, of
fiftie i. the sixt part, and so upon every t. above fiftie 1. to
what some soever it amounte to, the sixt part that is iii.s.
iiii.d. of the I. and from xx.I. to fiftie pounde, and so
upward ii.s. and viii.d. of the pounde, and from xx. pounde
to xx.s. xii.d. of the pounde, and this to be levied according
to the first valuation, as appereth by your awne valuation,
whiche is but a small matter, to the thing that is meant.
Then they beyng astonied, at last the one said, my lord
sithe the last valuacion, diverse Merchantes be decaied, by
the seas, and suertiship, and other waies, so that valuacion
cannot bee had. Then answered the Cardinal, sers, speake
not to breake that thyng that is concluded, for some shall not

THE xvi.
YERE
[1524-25]

The Cardinals
demaund.

36

King Henry the VIII.

THE XVI.
YERE
[1524-25]
The
Cardinallesthreatenynges.

The saiyng
of the clergie.

The grudge ofi
the common
people.

not paie the tenth parte, and some more, it wer better that
some should suffre indigence, then the kyng at this tyme
should lacke, and therefore beware and resist not, nor ruffill
not in this case, for it maie fortune to cost some their
heddes. But I will speke to the kyng, to bee good to you,
so that yf he go not over the sea in persone, then you shall
have your money redelivered, but firste let the money bee
gathered, and laie it where you wyll, and yf the kyng nede
it not, you maie take it agayn.
When the Cardinall had thus perswaded the Maior, and
hys brethren and other hedde Cominers, they toke their
leave, and every day after by the space of fortenight, he
sent for a certain nomber of Comyners, and tolde theim like
tale, but some spake suche woordes to him, and some goyng
from hym, that they were sent to ward.
Now were Commissioners sent to the clergie, for the
fourth part of their landes and moveables, and in every
assembly the priestes answered, that thei would pay
nothyng, except it wer graunted by Convocation, other
wise not : for thei saied that never kyng of England, did
aske any mannes goodes, but by an ordre of the lawe, and
this Commission is not by the ordre of the lawe : wherfore
they saied, that the Cardinall and all the doers thereof, were
enemies to the kyng, and to the common wealthe. This
infamie was spoken in preachynges, and every where.
When this matter was opened through Englande, howe
the great men toke it it was marvel, the poore curssed, the
riche repugned, the light wittes railed, but in conclusion, all
people curssed the Cardinal, and his coadherentes as sub-
versor of the Lawes and lybertye of Englande. For thei
saied, yf men should geve their goodes by a Commission,
then wer it worse then the taxes of Fraunce, and so England
should be bond and not free.
It happened at Redyng in Barkeshire, that the Commis
sioners satte for this money to be graunted, and the people
in no wise would consent to the sixt parte : but of their
awne mere mynde, for the love they bare too the kyng,
they graunted the twelveth parte, that is xx.d. of the
pounde, the commissioners hearing this, saied they would
sende to the Cardinal, desiryng hym to be content with this
offre, and so the Lorde Lisle wrote the letter, so that sir
Richard Weston would beare it, the whiche letter at the
 request

King Henry the VIII.

37

request of the gentelmen of the countrey, the said sir
Richard toke upon him to cary, and roade to the Cardinall :
whiche therewith was sore greved and said, but because that
the lorde Lisle wrote, that the matter was but communed
of, and not concluded, it should cost the lorde Lisle his
hedde and his landes should be sould to paie the kyng the
values, that by hym and you folyshe commissioners he had
lost, and all your lives at the kynges will : these wordes sore
astonied sir Richard Weston, but he said litle.
Then the Cardinall wrote letters, to all commissioners of
the Realme that they should kepe their first instruccion, and
in no wise to swarve one jote, upon paine of their lives, and
every man to be valued, according to the valuacion taken in
the xiiii. yere. This laste poynte sore touched the citie of
London, for the Cardinall in the xiiii. yere, sent one Doctor
Tunes his secret Chapelein, to the Chapter house of Paules,
promysyng to the Londoners, that whatsoever they valued
themselfes at, that no man should knowe it, but the kyng,
the Cardinall, and he, upon whiche promesse, many persones
for their more credite, and to be the higher estemed valued
theimselfes at a greater substaunce then they were worthe :
thynkyng never to lende or paie by that confession, for the
loane and the subsidie were paied, accordyng as men were
sessed, and not by Master Tunes boke, when men valued
themselfes, not knowing what should succede.
Now in this tyme was that subtile valuacion, laied to
their charge, which when they perceived, they murmured
muche and said, they would paie nothyng, except the kynges
lawes, under whiche they were borne, so determined it : But
this notwithstanding, commissioners went out to every shire,
for the levie of the saied money, but for al that could be
perswaded, saied, lied, and flattered, the demaunde could
not bee assented to, saiyng, that they that sent furthe suche
Commissioners, were subverters of the lawe, and worthy to
be punished as trai tours. So that in all the realme were
billes set up, in all places : Some billes said, that the kyng
had not paied that he borowed : Some saied that the
Subsedy amounted treble, more then he had bestowed :
Other saied whatsoever was graunted, no good came of
it : And other saied that the Cardinall, sent al the money to
Rome, thus was the mutteryng through all the realme, with
curses and wepynges, thatjpitie it was to beholde. Duryng

THE XVI.
YERE
[J 524-25]

The muttering
of the people.

38

King Henry the VIII.

THE XVI.
YERE
[1524-25]

The jeoperdy
the kyng was

The xvii. yer.

Duryng this season that the Commissioners sat, and that
the byshop of London, and other the kynges Ambassadors,
were abidyng wynd to saile into Spaine to the Emperor (as
you have hard rehersed) Monsire Pratt, the Emperours
Ambassadour, whiche was sore angrie for Jhon Jokyns
commyng into Englande, as you have heard before, de
parted prively out of the Realme of Englande, the nyne
daie of Aprill, without speakyng with the kyng, or the
Cardinall, and so muche did by saveconduitie, that he
passed through Fraunce in poste, and came to the
Emperour, before the Ambassadours of Englande came
thether, and whether it was by his report or otherwise,
the accustomed favour that the Emperour and his counsail
shewed to the Englishemen, began then to decaie, and to
shewe theimselfes unkynde to the English nacion, without
cause, as you shall here after perceive.
In this yere the kyng folowyng of his hauke, lept over a
diche beside Hychyn, with a polle and the polle brake, so
that if one Edmond Mody, a fbteman, had not lept into the
water, and lift up his hed, whiche was fast in the clay, he
had bene drouned : but God of his goodnes preserved him.
This yere at Whitsontyde, died Thomas Duke of
Norffolke, and was honourably buried at Thetford in
Suffolke.

THE XVII. YERE.
IN the beginnyng of this xvii. yere, the Commissioners in
all shires sate, for the levie of the sixt parte of every
mannes goodes, but the burden was so grevous, that
it was denied and the commons in every place were so moved,
that it was like to have growen to a rebellion. When this
mischief was shewed to the kyng, he saied that he never
knewe of that demaunde, and therefore with greate
diligence, he sent his letters to the citie of London, and
to al other places, in the which the kyng gentely wrote,
that he would demaunde no some certain, but suche as his
lovyng subjectes would graunte to hym of their good
myndes, toward the maintenaunce of his warres : wherfore
the Cardinall, the twentie and six daie of Aprill, sent for the
Maior of London, the Aldermen and counsaill of the same, with

King Henry the VIII.

39

with the moste substanciall persones, of the common
counsaill, and when they were come to his place at West
minster, he saied : the kyng our sovereigne lorde, moste
graciously considereth the greate love, zeale, and obedience,
whiche you beare unto hym, and where like loving subjectes,
without any grudge or agaynsaie, of your lovyng myndes
you have graunted the sixt parte, of all your goodes and
substaunce, frely to bee paied, accordyng to the firste
valuacion, the whiche lovyng graunte and good mynde,
he so kyndly accepted, that it was marvell to se. But I
my self do consider the great losses, and other charges
that daily hath, and doth to you growe, and that notwith
standing, any losse or charge that happeneth to you, yet
you never withstode nor againsaied, any of the kynges
demaundes or Commissions, as it appereth now of late,
of whiche dooynges, I have highly the king enformed,
for the which he gave you hartie thankes. Then I kneled
doune to his grace, shewyng hym both your good myndes
to warde hym, and also the charges, that you continually
sustein, the whiche at my desire and peticion, was content
to call in, and abrogate the same commission, and where he
by reason of your awne grauntes, might have demaunded
the saied somme as a verie debte, yet he is content to release
and pardon the same, and wil nothyng take of you, but of
your benevolence : wherfore take here with you the kynges
letter, and let it be redde to the commons, and I doubte not
but you will gladly do, as lovyng subjectes should do.
Here note, that if the Cardinall had not said, that the
kyng had released and pardoned the first demaunde, the
citezens would have answered the Cardinal, that they never
made no suche graunt, and for a suretie no more they did
not : and so they helde their peace, and departed toward
London, sore grudgyng at the liyng of the Cardinal, and
openly saiyng that he was the very cause, and occasion of
this demaunde, and would plucke the peoples hartes from
the kyng.
The xxviii. daie of Aprill, in the common counsaill of the
cytie, was redde the kynges letter, according to the effect
above rehersed, wherfore the citezens sent foure Aldermen,
and xii. Cominers to Hampton courte to geve thankes to
the lorde Cardinall, whiche for busines as was saied could
not speake with hym, wherfore they returned not content. Then

THE XVII.
YERE
[1525-26]

The saiyng of
the Cardinal
to the
Londoners.

The common
counsaill.

4°

King Henry the VIII.

THE XVII.
YERE
[1525-26]

Then every Alderman assembled his ward, in their places
accustomed, and gentely moved them of a benevolence, to
be graunted to the kyng, the which they openly denied,
saiyng, that they had paied inough before, with many evill
wordes. The viii. daie of Maie, the Cardinall agayn sent for the
Maior and his brethren, whiche shewed them what they had
done : then saied the Cardinall, you have no suche com
mission to examyne any man. I am youre Commissioner, I
will examyne you one by one my selfe, and then I shall
knowe the good will that you beare to your prince, for I
will aske of you a benevolence in his name. Then was it
answered to the Cardinall, by a counsailer of the citie, that
by the lawe there might no suche benevolence be asked, nor
men so examined, for it was contrary to the statute made in
the first yere of kyng Rychard the thirde, also some persones
commyng before your grace, maie for feare graunte that,
that all daies of their lyfe they shall repent, and some to
wynne your favour, wil graunt more then they bee able to
paie of their awne, and so ronne in other mennes debtes, so
that by dredfull gladnes, and fearefull boldnes, men shall
not be masters of themselfes, but as menne dismaied, shall
graunte that that their wifes and children shall sore rewe.
The Cardinall hard this saiyng very patiently, and answered :
Sir I marvell that you speake of Rychard the third, whiche
was a usurper and a murtherer of his awne nephewes : then
of so evill a man, how can the actes be good, make no suche
allegations, his actes be not honorable. And it please your
grace said the counsailer, although he did evill, yet in his
tyme were many good actes made not by hym onely, but by
the consent of the body of the whole Realme, whiche is the
parliament. Then sir Willyam Bayly lorde Maior, kneled
doune and besought his grace, that sithe it was enacted, by
the common Counsaill of London, that every Alderman
should sit in his awne ward, for a benevolence to be
graunted, which he perceived to be against the lawe, that
the same acte by the same common counsail, might be
revoked and no otherwise : well saied the Cardinall, I am
content. But now will I entre into the kynges Com
mission : You Maior, and you Master Aldermen, what
will you geve?_ my lorde saied the Maior, I praie you
pardon me, for if I should entre into any graunt, it might
fortune

King Henry the VIII.

41

fortune to cost me my life : your life saied the Cardinall,
that is a marvelous worde, for your will toward the kyng'
will the citezens put you in jeoperdy of your life, that were
straunge : For if they would that waie, then must the kyng
come with strong power them to oppresse, wherfore speake
no more such wordes, and with that he studied a litle and
saied : My lorde Mayor, let you and your citezens, if you
be greved with any thyng, in this demaunde, humbly and
after a good fashion come to me, and I shall so entreate you
that you shalbe content, and no displeasure aryse, and so I
praie you shew your neighbours, and so the Maior for that
daie departed.
The Maior did wysely not to assent to graunt to any
thyng, for although he and the Aldermen had assented, the
common counsaill would never have assented. So on the
next morowe, it was declared to the common counsaill, that
their act that was made that every Alderman should sit for
a benevolence to be graunted, was against a statute lawe :
whereupon the said act was anulled : and then was it
declared, that every man should come to the Cardinal, and
to graunt privily what he would, with this saiyng the
citezens wer sore greved, then the Maior gentely shewed
them, how he durst warrant, that they should bee entreated
gentely, and exhorted theim to go thether when they were
sent for, whiche saiyng nothyng pleased theim : and then
in a furie they would have had Rycharde Gresham, and
Jhon Hewster Mercers, and Richarde Gibson Serjant at
armes and Merchant Tailor, banished out of the common
counsaill, and so without answere made, what they would
do, they departed home.
In the same season through all the realme, this demaunde
was utterly denied, so that the Commissioners could bryng
nothyng to passe, and yet they assaied bothe by faire waies
and foule : some spake faire and flatered, other spake cruell
and threatened, and yet could not bryng theyr purpose
aboute. For in Kent the lorde Cobham was commissioner,
and handled men roughly, and by reason one Jhon Skudder
answered hym clubbishly, he sent hym to the Towre of
London : For whiche doyng the people muttered, and
grudged against the lorde Cobham, and saied expresly, that
they would paie no money, and then they began to accompt
the loanes and subsidies graunted, so that thei rekened the
kynges
VOL. II.

THE XVII.
YERE
[1525-26]

The flatter-
yng of the
Cardinall.

42

King Henry the VIII.

THE XVII.
YERE
[1525-26]^

Insurreccionin Suffolke.

kynges Tresure innumerable, for they accompted that the
kyng had taken of this realme, twentie fiftenes, sithe the xiiii.
yere of his reigne, and in this grudge, they evill entreated
sir Thomas Bullein at Maidestone.
In Essex the people would not assemble before the com
missioners in no houses, but in open places :^ and in
Huntyngdon shire, diverse resisted the commissioners to
sit, whiche were apprehended, and sent to the Flete.
The Duke of Suffolke, sat in Suffolke this season in lyke
commission, and by gentle handlyng, he caused the riche
Clothiers to assent, and graunt to geve the sixt parte, and
when they came home to their houses, they called to them
their Spinners, Carders, Fullers, Wevers, and other artificers,
whiche were wont to be set a woorke and have their
livynges by clothe makyng, and saied, sirs we be not able
to set you a woorke, our goodes be taken from us, wherefore
trust to your selfes, and not to us, for other wise it wil not
be. Then began women to wepe, and young folkes to crie,
and men >that had no woorke, began to rage, and assemble
theimselfes in compaignies. The Duke of Suffolke hearyng
of this, commaunded the Constables, that every mannes
harnes, should be taken from them, but when that was
knowen, then the rumor waxed more greater, and the
people railed openly on the Duke of Suffolke, and syr
Robert Durie, and threatened them with death, and the
Cardinall also, and so of Lanam, Sudbery, Hadley, and
other Townes aboute, there rebelled foure thousande men,
and put theimselfes in harnes, and rang the belles Alarme,
and began togather still more : then the duke of Suffolke
perceivyng this, began to raise men, but he could get but a
small nombre, and they that came to hym saied, that they
would defende hym from all perilles, if he hurte not their
neighbours, but against their neyghbours they would not
fight : Yet the Gentelmen that were with the duke did so
muche, that all the bridges were broken, so that their
assemble was some what letted.
The duke of Norffolke, high Threasorer and Admirall
of Englande hearyng of this, gathered a greate power in
Norffolke, and came towarde the commons, and of his
noblenes he sent to the commons, to knowe their intent,
whiche answered : that they would live and die in the
kynges causes, and to the kyng to be obedient : When the
duke

King Henry the VIII.

43

duke wist that, he came to them, and then all spake at once,
so that he wist not what they meant. Then he asked who
was their Capitain, and bad that he should speake : then a
well aged manne of fiftie yeres and above, asked licence of
the Duke to speake, which graunted with good will. My
lorde saied this man, whose name was Jhon Grene, sythe
you aske who is our capitain, for soth hys name is Povertie,
for he and his cosyn Necessitie, hath brought us too this
doyng, for all these persones and many mo, whiche 1 would
were not here, lyve not of our selfes, but all we lyve, by the
substanciall occupiers of this countrey, and yet they geve us
so lide wages, for our workmanship, that scacely we be able
to live, and thus in penurie we passe the tyme, we, our wifes
and children, and if they by whom we live, be brought in
that case, that they of their litle, cannot helpe us to earne
our livyng, then must we perishe, and die myserably. 1
speke this my lorde, the cloth makers have put all these
people, and a farre greater nomber from worke the husbande
men have put away their servauntes, and geven up houshold,
they say, the kyng asketh so much, that thei be not able to
do as thei have done before this tyme, and then of necessitie,
must we dye wretchedly : wherfore my lorde, now accordyng
to your wisedom, consider our necessitie. The Duke was
sory to heare their complaint, and well he knewe that it was
true : then he saied, neighbours, sever your selfes a sonder,
let every man departe to his home, and chose furthe foure,
that shall answer for the remnant, and on my honor I wil
sende to the kyng, and make humble intercession for your
pardon, whiche I trust to obtein, so that you wil depart,
then all they aunswered they would, and so they departed
home. At the twoo dukes requestes, commissioners of great
aucthoritie were sent to theim, then the Duke of Norffolke,
and the Duke of Suffolke came to Bery, and thether came
many people of the countrey, in their shirtes, and halters
about their neckes, mekely desiryng pardon for their
offences : the Dukes so wysely handeled themselfes, that
the commons were appeised, and in especiall one Master
Jermyn, toke muche pain in ridyng and goyng, betwene the
lordes and commons : then the demaunde of money seased
in all the realme, for well it was perceived, that the commons
would none paie. v After

THE XVII.
YERE
[1525-26]

44

King Henry the VIII.

THE XVII.
YERE
[1525-26]
The sore
wordes of
the kyng.

The excuse
of the
Cardinal.

The Kyng
sore moved.

After this, the twoo dukes came to London, and brought
with theim the chief capitaines of the rebellion, which were
put in the Flete, and then the kyng came to Westminster,
to the Cardinals place : Wherupon this matter, he
assembled a great counsaill, and openly he said, that his
mind was never, to aske any thyng of his commons, whiche
might sounde too his dishonour, or to the breche of his
lawes, wherfore he would know of whom it was long, that
the commissions were so straight, to demaunde the syxt
parte of every mannes substaunce : The Cardinall excused
hymself and said, that when it was moved in counsaill, how
to make the kyng ryche, the Kynges Counsaill, and especially
the Judges saied, he might lawfully demaunde any some by
Commission, and that by the assent of the whole Counsaill
it was done, and toke God to witnes, that he never
maligned nor desired, the hynderaunce of the commons,
but lyke a true counsailer, devised to enriche the kyng:
And the spirituall men saie, that it standeth with Goddes
lawe, for Joseph caused the kyng of Egypte, to take the
fift parte of every mannes goodes, but because every manne
laieth the burden from hym, I am content to take it on me,
and to endure the fame and noyes of the people, for my
good will toward the kyng, and comfort of you my lordes,
and other the kinges counsailers, but the eternall God
knoweth all. Well said the kyng, some have -enformed me
that my realme was never so riche, and that there should
never trouble have risen of that demaunde, and that men
would paie at the first request, but now I fynde all contrary,
then every man helde his peace.
The kyng was sore moved, that his subjectes were thus
stirred, and also he was enformed of the deniall, that the
spirituall men had made, and of their saiynges, wherefore he
thought it touched hys honoure, that his counsaill should
attempt, suche a doubtful matter in his name, and to bee
denied bothe of the spiritualtie and temporaltie, for although
some graunted for feare, before the commissioners, yet
when they wer departed, they denied it again. Then the
kyng saied I will no more of this trouble : Let letters bee
sent to all shyres, that this matter maie no more bee spoken
of, I will pardon all theim, that have denied the demaunde,
openly or secretly : Then all the Lordes kneled doune, and
hartely thanked the kyng. Then letters were sent to all
commissioners

King Henry the VIII.

45

commissioners to cease, with instructions how to declare the
kynges pardon. In whiche declaration, was shewed, that
the Cardinal never assented, to the first demaunde, and in
the instructions was comprehended, that the lordes and the
Judges, and other of the kynges counsaill, divised the same
demaunde, and that the Cardinall folowed the mynd of the
whole counsaill, these two poyntes were contrary one to
another, whiche were well marked. And farther the
instructions were, that at the humble peticion, and suppli
cation of the Cardinall, the saied greate sommes, whiche
were demaunded, by the kynges aucthoritie royall, were
clerely pardoned and remitted, wherfore the Commissioners
willed the people to praie for the Cardinal : but the people
toke all this for a mocke, and saied God save the kyng, for
the Cardinal is knowen wel inough, the commons would
heare no prayse spoken of the Cardinall, they hated hym so
muche. The xix. daie of Maie, the Cardinall sent for the Maior
and his brethren, and certain comminers, and made the
Maior to sit doune by hym, and then declared, that
where the kyng was determined, in proper person to passe
the sea into Fraunce, for whiche cause he asked of the
Cytezens of London, and his other subjectes, an aide
toward his charges, to whiche request (he saied) that the
Londoners were at al tymes conformable, lyke loving
subjectes, but sythe the kyng consydereth, the greate
fall of the Frenche Kyng, whiche is yet prysoner, and
that dayly he hath suite made to hym for peace, greatly to
his honor and profite, for I trust that all his ryght and tide,
shalbe to hym delivered, which thyng once agreed I truste
you shall have peace, and therefore at my humble request,
the kyng hath pardoned you, of all the sommes of money,
that of you were demaunded : and if his grace had not
passed the seas, although the money had bene gathered,
surely it should have bene restored again, and consequently
the kyng thanketh you as hartely, as any prynce may thanke
his subjectes: and for asmuche as peace, is not yet con
cluded, I counsaill you to shewe your selfes, enemies to the
Frenchmen, and to say that you be the kynges, bodie and
goodes at his will and pleasure, so that youre lovyng
myndes towardes hym, maie to the Frenchmen appere, you
wot well what I meane saied the Cardinall. Then the Maior and

THE XVII.
YERE
[1525-26]
The Pardon
of the greate
demaunde.

The saiyng
to the Maior
of London.

The preatie
feate of the
Cardinall.

46

King Henry the VIII.

THE XVII.
YERE
[1525-26]

and his compaignie kneled doune, and most hartely thanked
the kyng and hym and so departed. The nextdaie, all this
was rehersed to the common counsaill, whiche humbly
thanked the kyng for the pardon : but two thynges them
sore displeased, one was that the Cardinall bad theim saie,
they were the kynges body and goodes, they saied that they
used no dissimulation, for they would not saie they were the
kynges, but they thought and were the kynges in deede, and
not in saiyng : the seconde was, that the Cardinall excused
hymself, that he was ignorant of the first commission : for
al they knew and were present, when he himself made to
them the first motion, and whatsoever was saied by the
recorder, in his excuse, was taken as a cloke for the rain,
and a dissimulation or a mocke. For wisemen perceived
all the handelyng of the matter : after the kyng had
pardoned every offendour.
The xxix. daie of Maie the lordes sat in the Starre
chamber, and thether were brought one Devereux, a
gentelman of Huntingdon shire (whiche would not suffre
the commissioners to sit, as you have hard) and Jhon
Scudder of Kent, these twoo were brought from the towre,
bare foote in their shirtes through London, to the Starre
chamber, and there the Cardinall shewed them their offences,
with terrible woordes : and after that he shewed the kynges
mercie, extended to them and declared their pardon, and so
they were delivered.
The morowe after beyng the xxx. daie, were the chief of
the rebelles of Suffolke, brought to the Starre chamber barre,
and there the Kynges counsaill learned, laied sore to theim
their offence, but the Cardinall declared for them the kynges
pardon : then the kynges Attorney, asked suertie for their
good aberyng, they answered that they could finde none,
then saied the Cardinall I will be one, because you be my
countrey men, and my lorde of Norffolke will be another,
and so they were discharged, and had money to bryng them
home : Now here is an ende of this commission, but not an
ende of inward grudge and hatered, that the commons bare
to the Cardinall, and to all gentelmen, whiche vehemently
set furth that commission and demaunde.
In this troubelous season, the uplandishemen of Germany,
called the bowres, rose in a greate nomber, almoste an
hundred thousande, and rebelled against the princes of
Germany,

King Henry the VIII.

47

Germany, of whiche a great nomber were slain and
destroied. In Aprill last past, the Tyndale men, with the aide of the
Scottes, to the nomber of eight hundred, did daily greate
roberies in Englande. For to represse this nest of theves
were sent, sir Rychard Bulmer, and sir Cristopher Dacres,
with a greate compaignie of Englishemen, and to them
diverse men came, and submitted themselfes, but the great
theves kept them in the mountaignes of Cheviot, and daily
skirmished with thenglishemen, and could not sone be
taken : but after long liyng abrode, they severed and many
of them were taken.
In this very season the Frenchemen, kept a greate nomber
of men of warre, at Bullein and there aboute, and the v.
daie of Maie foure hundred horsemen, embushed theim
selfes in the Forest of Guysnes, and the same daie lxxx.
horsemen of the Crewe of Guysnes, roade furthe sekyng
aventures, the Frenchemen let theim passe, till they had
theim at avauntage then they issued out and cried, kill,
kill, then Englishemen them valiauntly defended, almoste
twoo houres, but at the last the Frenchemen, oppressed
theim with multitude, and brake their arraye, and slewe
fiftie of them, the remnant saved themselfes : this chaunce
was nothyng pleasant to the Englishe capitaines. But the
Frenchemen were so surmounted by this journey, that the
xx. daie of Maie, the men of warre of all the garrisons in
Picardy, assembled together, and came within the English
pale to Aunderne, and so to Calice : the Frenchmen were
of suche nombre that all the Englishe pale was spred over :
At Balyngham the Frenche men drave awaie the catell : the
Englishmen thought themselfes to weke to encounter with
them, whiche were the whole strengthe of all Picardy. And
so on the Assension daie, there came to Newnam bridge,
three hundred horsemen, and there set a stale, but with
ordinaunce they were made to go backe. Then came foure
hundred Frenchemen to the Turne pike, and they had gotten
all the cattell together. The bend of sir Robert Jernyngham,
seyng the Frenchemen so nere Calice, set forward not past
lx. horsemen, and they fiersly set on the Frenchemen, whiche
fledde, and they chased them, and reskued all the catell,
that the Frenchemen had taken, and with greate difficultie,
brought them to the Marshe beside Calice. The

THE XVII.
YERE
[1525-26]

48

King Henry the VIII.

THE XVII.
YERE
[1525-26]

Riot at
Beggam.

Predacion,that is a
robbery.

The xxviii. daie of Maie v. C. horsemen, and xvi. C.
footemen, came to a village called Froyton, within the
Englishe pale, and many aventured over the Water to
have taken all the cattell in the Marryshes, of Hamnes,
Guysnes, and Calice, whiche were of greate nomber, but
the Frenchemen that made the aventure in the night, were
askried and slain all save two. Then the Frenchemen
returned in a great furie, and sware that they would once
robbe the Marrisses or els they would dye for it, and so
returned to Bullein, whether were come of newe, five C.
horsmen called Stradiats, whiche fortified well the Frenche
parties, in so muche that they passed in nomber five tymes
the Englishemen.
You have hard before, how the Cardinall suppressed many
monasteries, of the whiche one was called Beggam in Sussex,
the whiche was verie commodious to the countrey : but so
befell the case, that a riotus compaignie, disguised and
unknowen, with painted faces and visures, came to the
same Monasterie, and brought with them the Chanons,
and put them in their place again, and promised theim
that whensoever they rang the bell, that they would come
with a great power, and defende them. This doyng came
to the eare of the kynges counsaill, whiche caused the
Chanons to be taken, and they confessed the capitaines,
whiche were emprisoned and sore punyshed.
The Cardinall aboute this season, by his power Legantyne,
sent a Chappelein of his, called Doctor Jhon Allein, a man
of more learnyng then vertue, or good conscience, to visite
all places religious : this priest roade in his goune of velvet,
with a greate trayne, and was received into every Religion
with Procession, as though the legate had bene there, and
toke suche greate sommes for his visitation, that the religious
sore were greved, and murmured muche against it, and in
especiall, for they were charged with greate sommes of
money to the kyng, and now thys sodayn visitation or
Jpredacion, cleane shaved them. The common people spake
muche against this, and also they saied, that the Cardinall
by Visitations, makyng of Abbottes, probates of testamentes,
grauntyng of faculties, licenses,! and other pollynges in his
courtes legantines, had made his threasore egall with the
kynges, and yet every yere he sent greate sommes to
Rome : this was their communicacion, ever against the
Cardinall,

King Henry the VIII.

49

Cardinall, and his high aucthoritie, and the spirituall men
moste disdained it.
You shall under stande, the kyng in his freshe youth, was
in the cheynes of love, with a faire damosell called Elizabeth
Blunt, daughter to sir Jhon Blunt knyght, whiche damosell
in syngyng, daunsyng, and in all goodly pastymes, exceded
all other, by the whiche goodly pastymes, she wan the
kynges harte : and she again shewed hym suche favour, that
by hym she bare a goodly manne childe, of beautie like to
the father and mother. This child was wel brought up,
like a Princes child, and when he was vi. yere of age, the
kyng made hym knight, and called hym lorde Henry fitz
Roy, and on Sondaie beyng the xviii. daie of June, at the
manor or place of Bridewell, the saied Lorde ledde by twoo
Erles, was created Erie of Nothyngham, and then he was
brought backe again by the saied twoo Erles : then the
Dukes of Norffolke and Suffolke, led hym into the great
chamber again, and the kyng created hym, Duke of
Richemond and Somerset : and the same daie was the
lorde Henry Courtenay Erie of Devonshire, and cosyn
germayn to the kyng, was created Marques of Excester,
and the lorde Henry Brandon, sonne to the Duke of
Suffolke and the Frenche Quene the kynges sister, a childe
of twoo yere old, was created Erie of Lincolne, and sir
Thomas Manners lorde Roos, was created Erie of Rutlande,
and sir Henry Clifford, was created Erie of Cumberlande,
and the lorde Fitz Water sir Robert Radclif was created
Viscount Fitz Water, and sir Thomas Bullein, treasorer
of the kynges houshold, was created Viscount Rocheforde,
and at those creations, were kept greate feastes and
disguisynges. After this the Cardinall toke upon hym, as the kynges
chief counsailer, to se a reformacion in the ordre of the
kynges housholde, wherin he made certayn ordinaunces.
He also made all newe officers in the house of the Duke
of Richemond, whiche was then newly begon : Also at that
tyme he ordeined a counsail, and stablished an other hous
hold, for the ladie Mary, then beyng Prynces of the
realme, so that all thyng that was done, was done by hym,
and without his assent, nothyng was done : He toke so
muche upon hym, and made the kyng beleve, that all
thynges should be to his honor, and that he neded not to
take
VOL. II.

THE XVII.
YERE
[1525-26]

The creacion
of the duke
of Ryche-
mond.

5°

King Henry the VIII.

THE XVII.
YERE
[1525-26]

take any pain, so that to hym was the charge of all thynges
committed, at the whiche wisemenne becked, and light men
laughed, thynkyng great foly in his high presumption.
And at this tyme, the saied Cardinall gave to the kyng,
the lease of the Manor of Hampton Court, whiche he had
of the lease of the lorde of Sainct Jhones, and on whiche he
had done greate coste. Therefore the kyng of his gentle
nature, licensed hym to lie in his Manor of Richmond at
his pleasure, and so he laie there at certain tymes : but
when the common people, and in especiall suche, as had
bene kyng Henry the seventhes servauntes, sawe the
Cardinall kepe house in the Manor royal of Richmond,
which kyng Henry the seventh, so hyghly estemed it, was
a marvel to here, how they grudged and said, se a Bochers
dogge lye in the manor of Richemond : These with many
approbrious wordes, were spoken against the Cardinal,
whose pride was so high that he nothing regarded, and
yet was he hated of moste men.
In this season the Frenche kynges mother, Regent of
Fraunce, and the thre estates of the realme, assembled
together, concernyng the estate of their realme : First,
they sent a solempne Ambassador to themperour, with
articles (as they thought reasonable) for the deliveraunce
of the French king and also for a peace, they sent also a
messenger to the kyng of Englande, for a saveconduite for
an Ambassadour, to be sent into Englande, for a treatie of
peace, whiche to the messenger, was graunted and delivered.
Then came over as Ambassadour from Fraunce, Jhon
Jokyn now called Monsire de Vaux, whiche as you have
hard in the last yere, was kept secret in Master Larkes
house, and when he came into Englande, he was welcomed
of the Cardinall, and there betwene theim were suche com
munications, that at the sute of the saied Jhon Jokyn, a truce
was concluded, from the xiii. daie of July for fortie daies,
betwene England and Fraunce, bothe in the sea and
beyonde the sea. Full well wist Jhon Jokyn, what he
meant, when he desired peace for fortie daies, for in that
season the Pikardes, might have a quiet harvest, to cary in
their Corne, whiche they should not have, if the garrisons of
Calice and guysnes : and other within the Englishe pale, had
not bene restreined from warre, and also the Fishermen of
Depe, Bullein, and Traiport, had quiete fishyng, by this
truce,

King Henry the VIII.

truce, for the navie of England, was come home to har-
borough, this truce greved the men of warre on both
parties, it was so sodain that they wist not well what
to do.
When the Flemynges hard tell of truce, and that they
were not comprehended in the same, they began to rayle
and said, that the kyng of Englande, had not done truly
with them, to take a truce without their knowlege : the
Englishemen answered, that they had no Ambassadour
in England, and if that they had had any, they should
have bene made privie, but the kyng would sende
theim no worde of his affaires, if they would not sende
to knowe, for he ought their master, nor yet them suche
service. The Frenchemen in this season, enterprised to enter into
Flaunders, by Newe dike, but they were manfully defended
by the Flemynges, and because the Frenchemen passed by
the Englyshe pale, and had nothyng done to them, the
Flemynges were sore displeased, with the Englishmen of
Calice. In the latter ende of July came into Englande, Monsire
Bryond chief President of Roan, and was brought to the
Cardinalles presence, at the Manor of Richemond, and
when his Commission was shewed, it was doubted whether
the aucthoritie wer sufficient, because the kyng his Master
was prisoner in Spain : but then he shewed aucthoritie,
geven to the Lady Regent, and certain nobles of the
realme of Fraunce, by the Frenche kyng in open Parlia
ment, before his goyng into Italy for all thynges that did
or myght concerne his Realme, duryng his absence. When
the commission was thought reasonable, then was rehersed
to the Frenchemen their doublenes, their unstedfastnes, and
how they had behaved theimselfes toward the kyng of
England : then they aunswered if we have offended, you
have us punished, for you have brent our tounes, slayn our
people, destroyed our countrey, so that you have brought
the lowe parties, to a long miserie without recovery, and
therfore sithe we be the lesers for our offence, yet we sue
for peace, least we be more punished. After long con
sultation, they offered many offers : firste, to pay all
suche somes of money as were due, both for the yerely
tribute, and also for the citie of Tour nay, and the Frenche
i Quenes

51

THE XVII.
YERE
[1525-26]

5*

King Henry the VIII.

THE XVII.
YERE
[1525-26]

AmbassadorsintoDenmark.

Quenes dowar, and farther to recompence the kyng of
Englande his expences done in the warres.
Duryng this treatie, woorde was brought to the kyng
of Englande, that there was a truce sodainly concluded,
betwene the realme of Fraunce and the ladie Margaret,
Duches of Savoy, and Governour of Flaunders and the
lowe countreis, for the space of v. monethes, so that no
entercourse should be betwene them for marchantes, but by
saveconduite, and that this Prodamacion was proclaimed at
sainct Omers, the firste daie of August, wherupon the kyng
was contented, that a peace should bee taken from the xiiii.
daie of August, to the firste daie of December, whiche was
proclaimed in London : and by this truce every English
man without savecondute, might passe into Fraunce, and
thei likewise into Englande. When this truce was pro
claimed, the people murmured and said, now hath the
Frenchemen gotten their fishyng quietly, and if they had
bene kept from that, they had bene undone, and so with
faire wordes thei helpe themselfes, whiche if we have warre
again, shall hurte us, for this Herryng shall vitaill their
tounes the next yere. This the common people talked, but
it was to no purpose.
This yere the kyng sent Doctor Henry Standishe, Byshop
of sainct Asse, and sir Jhon Baker knight into the realme of
Denmarke, to comen and entreate with the nobles of the
Countrey for the reduccion of kyng Cristierne, to his
realme, Croune, and dignitie, but all that could be said or
perswaded, could not bryng the Danes to any reson, they
hated hym so for his greate crueltie, and in especiall for the
greate tiranny that he committed at Stokeholme in Swethen,
where he desired a greate nomber of his nobles to a banket,
and after the banket, strake of their heddes. When the
Ambassadours of Englande sawe that they could not bryng
hym in agayn : they then began to require, that his sonne
might have the croune and dominion, whiche never them
offended, and was of progeny borne of lady Isabell, sister
to the Emperour Charles the V. which also made great
labour and instaunce for the same : but the Danes answered
they would none of his procreation, for they said, the sonne
would folow the father, or els at the least he would revenge
his fathers wrong, and so with this aunswere they departed.
So muche did the Ambassadors of Fraunce, bothe by
offers

King Henry the VIII.

53

offers and entreatyes, that the king of England and his
counsail, did condiscende to a peace, and the more soner
because thei sawe yf warre should continue, money must be
demaunded of the commons, whiche had lever rebell then
pay any more money, as you have hard in the last yere.
When peace was concluded, then were Proclamations of
the same, sent to every citee and good toune, and the viii.
daye of September, thys peace was proclaymed solemply
with a Trompet through the citee of London, the effecte
wherof was, that upon humble suite and large profers,
made by the lady Regent of Fraunce, and the three estates
of the same, a peace, league, and amitie was concluded,
betwene bothe the kynges of England and Fraunce, and
their countreys and subjectes, so that the subjectes of either
realme maie lawfully passe and repasse, into the others
realme and dominions, to bye and sell frankely and frely,
without let or interruption, and that this league in no wyse,
was a breche of the league taken with the Emperor and the
lady Margaret, governesse of Flaunders in no point, but
that the saied Emperour and lady Margaret, and all other
the kynges old and auncient confederates and alies, wer
comprehended in the same, and for due restitucion to be
made to the Frenchmen, there was appoyncted the reverende
father, Cutberd bishop of London, and for restitucion to be
made to the Englishmen, was appoynted the chief President
of Roan.
And on the xi. daie of September, was a truce proclamed
in Spain, in the toune of Vale Dolito, betwene themperor
and the Frenche kyng, from that daie to the ende of
December next ensuyng, at which time the Emperor had
not seen the Frenche kyng, whiche was conveighed by sea
out of Italy into Spain, to a Castle called Madrill, and there
remaygned : and shortly after fell sore sicke, and was in
greate jeoperdy, for the whiche the Frenchmen cared litle,
for thei saied that if he died, thei should paye no raunsome,
and then their realme shoulde be quiet.
This peace betwene England and Fraunce, nothing pleased
the Flemynges, wherefore when they had dronke well, thei
spake largely, and bosted how they had victailed the English
armies, and found them cartes and cariages, and thought it
not kyndly doen, to refuse them as old frendes and make
peace wyth old enemies, but they did not considre what
money

THE xvii.
YERE
[1525-26]

54

King Henry the VIII.

1

THE XVII.
YERE
[1525-26]

The league

money the Englishemen left in their countrey, nor how the
Frenchmen for dred of the Englishemen, would not invade
Flaunders, so that thei lyved quiedy, all this they considered
In the same moneth this peace was proclamed, in Paris,
Lions, Roan and Amias : by this peace the kyng of Eng
lande, should receive at certain daies xx. hundred thousande
Crounes, whiche then was foure hundred thousand pound
sterlyng, of the whiche one paiment of fiftie thousande
pounde was paied in hande. After this peace taken, all
the men of warre, that were aboute the retinue of Calice,
Hammes, and Guysnes, wer called home, and the shippes
brought into the havens, and many a Kreker wist not how
to lyve.
In the moneth of October wer sent into Fraunce, sir
Willyam Fitz Willyam Threasorer of the kynges house,
and docter Tayllor, as Ambassadors from the kyng of
England, and wer received through Fraunce very honor
ably, and by long jorneis at the last, came to the citie of
Lions the xxiiii. daie of November where to them wer
presented, Wine Fishe, Fleshe, and Waxe, and thei wer
visited with diverse noble men. And on the xxvi. daie they
wer conveighed to the Courte by twoo Erles, and at the
gate received with two Cardinalles, and so brought to the
lady regent, whiche with muche honor them received, and
then they delyvered the kynges letters, whiche she tooke in
great reverence, and so with her counsail, departed into her
privie chamber, and there taried almost two houres and then
came out again, to whom Docter Tailor made an eloquent
Oration in Latin, of the commodities of peace, and declared
that the kyng his Master for very love, and not for no dred
nor nede did condiscend to peace. To whom the bishop of
Besanson, Chaunceller to the Lady Regent made answere,
and that doen, the Ambassadors were feasted, and served
with men of greate estate, and after that thei wer conveighed
to their lodgynges.
And on Sondaie next ensuyng, the Ambassadors wer
conveighed to the Courte, and from thence the lady Regent
and all the Court, rode solemply to the Cathedrall churche
of Lions, and there a Cardinall sang a solempne Masse, and
after that Masse was dooen, the Lady Regent toke the twoo
Ambassadors, the one on the right hande, and the other on
the

King Henry the VIII.

55

the left hande, and so went up to the high aultar, and there
she layed her hande on the Canon and Crucifix of the Masse
boke, and there sware to observe, fulfill, and kepe, all the
articles and agrementes, concluded in the league and treatie
of peace, by her commissioners. And when this was doen,
the bishop of Bisanson made an eloquent sermon, takyng
for his antitheme. ghiis est homo qui vult vitam, diligit dies
videre bonos, Inquire pacem, &c. In this sermon he muche
praised the kyng of Englande, whiche assented to peace and
lauded the Cardinall, whom he called the Legate of God,
for counsailyng hym to peace : for now was Fraunce free,
and all hostilitie seased, and when this sermon was doen, Te
deum was song, and then the Trumpettes blewe, and all
other instrumentes Musaicall, and then the Lady Regent,
with all her trayne returned to the palace, and there were
the Ambassadors highly feasted, and then sir Willyam Fitz
William toke his leave, and came shortly into Englande,
leavyng behynde hym Doctor Tayler, whiche taried there
till the Frenche kyng was delivered.
When the articles of peace, wer knowen to themperor
and his counsaill, full well wist they that the kyng of Eng
lande now would be frend to the French kyng, wherefore he
and his subjectes, shewed theimselfes more straunge and un-
kynde to the Englishemen, then they had been accustomed.
In somuche that the Englishe merchauntes, put up a suppli
cation to the Emperor, shewyng hym how their goodes were
taken, by letters of Marke, their shippes restrained, newe
impositions taken of theim, and moste of all thei complained,
that by an acte made in Spain called Premetica whiche
ordeineth that every cloth, should bee of a certain nomber
of thredes, the clothes of Englande there could not bee
solde, to the great hynderaunce of the Englishe Marchauntes:
For the clothiers of England, knowe not the nomber ap-
poynted by the statute, and when thei make cloth, thei knowe
not to what countrey that cloth shalbe sold, of these thynges
the Englishe Marchauntes desired a redresse.
At a daie appoynted the Englishmen had an answere
delivered them in writyng, conteignyng certain articles.
The firste if any wronges bee dooen unto you, our Justice
is open in every place. The second, as touchyng letters of
Marke, we will be avysed by our counsaill. The third, as
touchyng your shippes, we frely graunt that you shal have

THE XVII.
YERE
[1525-26]

our

56

King Henry the VIII.

THE XVII.
YERE
[1525-26]

our frendship liberally, so that with your awne shippes and
goodes, you maie go at youre pleasure, passyng or makyng
abode. And as touchyng customes, or Impositions of newe :
The accident maie cause us so to doo, but that shalbee in
suspence. And finally as touchyng our Premetica, made by
the lordes of our counsaill, and by us affirmed, wee will not
breake, but wee will suffre to the intent that you Englishe
Merchauntes, maie bring true and well made clothe, for the
whiche you shal bee the better welcome : this was the very
answere that the Englishe Marchauntes had, of the Emperor
and his counsaill.
In this Wynter was greate death in London, wherefore
the Terme was adjorned, and the king for to eschew the
plague, kept his Christmas at Eltham with a small nomber,
for no manne might come thether, but suche as wer appoynted
by name : this Christmas in the kynges house, was called the
still Christmas. But the Cardinall in this season, laye at
the Manor of Richemond, and there kept open housholde,
to lordes, ladies, and all other that would come, with plaies
and disguisyng in most royall maner : whiche sore greved the
people, and in especiall the kynges servauntes, to se hym
kepe an open Court, and the kyng a secret Court.
The Cardinal came to Eltham the viii. daie of January,
and taried there till the xxii. daie. In whiche season the
Cardinall, and other of the kynges counsaill, sat for a direc
tion to be taken in the kynges house, and first it was con
sidered, that the greate nomber of the yomen of the gard
were very chargeable, and that there were many officers
farre striken in age whiche had servauntes in the Courte,
and so the kyng was served with their servauntes, and not
with his awne servauntes, whiche was thought not convenient.
Wherfore first the officers servauntes, wer put out of the
Courte, and many old officers were put to live in their
countreys, but the kyng of his bountie enhaunsed their
livynges, for he that had three pound wages, had sixe pound
annuitie, without attendaunce, and he that had xl.s. had
foure pound, and so every man after the rate, and young
men were put in their romes. Then was there lxiiii. of the
gard whiche had xii.d. the daie checked, put out of that
wages, and they had vi.d. a daie unchecked, and should
dwell in their countries and come not at the court, til thei
wer sent for, except it wer for suites : in the which the
Cardinall

King Henry the VIII.

57

Cardinall promised them, to be their helper : Alas what
sorowe, and what lamentation was made, when al these
persones should depart the court. Some saied that poore
servauntes wer undoen and must steale : Some saied that thei
wer found of the revercions of the officers service, so that
for them was nothyng more set out at the dresser, and it was
greate charitie to fynde them. Other saied that the yomen
of the gard, whiche were put out, wer now not able to
fynde themselfes and their horse, to doo the Kyng service.
Other sayed, that now they would polle and pill in their
countreys, and oppresse the poore people, thus every man
had his saiyng.
At this season the Cardinall made many ordinances,
concernyng the kynges house, whiche bee at this daye called
the statutes of Eltham, the whiche some saied wer more
profitable then honorable.
This monethe of January was a peace concluded, betwene
the realmes of Englande and Scodande, for three yeres and
sixe monethes, of the whiche the Scottes wer very glad,
and especially the borderers, for they wer sore hurt by
this warre.
This yere the kyng on Shrovetewesdaie, kept a solempne
Justes at his Manour of Grenewiche, he hymself and xi.
wer on the one part, and the Marques of Excester with xi.
were on the other parte : the Kynges barde and base and all
his bende, wer of cloth of gold and silver, richely en-
braudered, with a mannes harte in a presse, with flames
about it, and in letters were written, Declare Je nose, in
Englishe, Declare I dare not, the Marques and his bend
wer in Grene Velvet, and crimosin sattin embrodered with
hartes burnyng, and over every harte a Ladies hand com
myng out of a cloude, holdyng a garden watter pot, which
dropped silver droppes on the harte: At this Justes was
many a spere broken, and by chaunce of shiveryng of the
spere, sir Frances Brian lost one of his iyes. After
these Justes, the king made to the Quene, and lordes and
ladies a costly banket, and did service to the Quene and
ladies hymself.
In the monethe of February the xi. daye beyng Sondaie,
the Cardinall with greate pompe came to the Cathedrall
Churche of Paules, on whom Bishoppes, Abbottes, and a
great nomber of doctors, gave their attendaunce, and there he
VOL. II.

THE XVII.
YERE
[1525-26]

Sir Frances
Brian lost
one of his
iyes.

H

58

King Henry the VIII.

THE XVII.
YERE
[1525-26]
The abjura-
cion of
docterBarnes, of
whom ye
shal heare
more in the
xxxii. yere of
this Kyng.

Lady Margaret
Duches of
Alaunsondevysed wayes for the
French king
to escape.

he sat in pontificalibus, under his cloth of estate of riche
clothe of Golde : and there one Frier Barnes a Frier
Augustyne bare a fagot, for certain poyntes of heresie,
as the Bishoppes saied : and twoo Merchauntes of the
Stilierd bare fogottes, for eatyng fleshe on a Fridaie, and
ther the bishop of Rochester Doctor Fisher, made a sermon,
reprovyng Martin Luthers opinion, a Frier of Germany,
whiche wrote against the power of the Bishoppe of Rome,
and in his sermon he spake so muche honor of the Pope
and his Cardinalles, and of their dignitie and preheminence,
that he forgat to speake any thing of the Gospell, whiche
he toke in hand to declare, which sermon was muche
praised of the Cardinall and bishoppes, wherfore the
Cardinall gave to all the people his benediction, and then
departed. All this yere was continuall suite made to the Emperor
and his counsail, by the Lady Regent of Fraunce, and al the
realme there, for the deliveraunce of Fraunces the Frenche
king, and after many communications whiche toke none
effect, was sent into Spain of Ambassade, the noble lady
Margaret, late duches of Alaunson, sister to the French
kyng, with a greate compaignie of nobles and honorable
personages. Themperor Charles met the saied lady in the
Market place of the cite of Toleto, and her right hartely
welcomed, and after that the Duches and her compaignie,
had refused to agree to certain articles, whiche the Frenche
kyng had offered hymself, the saied Duches had license of
the Emperor, to go to Madrill, where the Frenche kyng
was kepte as prisoner, and there to knowe his mynd. When
she was there, she and other divised suche a waie that the
Frenche kyng should have scaped, and poste horses wer laied
every where : this was not so secrete, but the Emperor was
thereof enformed, and toke certain Frenchemen, whiche
confessed how all thynges should have been brought to
passe. The Duches of Alaunson hearyng that this privitie
was opened, on post horses with all spede returned into
Fraunce, levyng the whole matter at large.
But for all this the lordes of Fraunce, ceased not daily to
sue, for the deliveraunce of their sovereigne lorde, and at
last to the Emperor was delivered a boke for the Frenche
kynges deliveraunce, for the Emperor saied he would nothyng
demaund of hym, for havyng hym he had more then he
could

King Henry the VIII.

59

could geve hym. Then the Frenche kyng and his counsail,
offered a boke conteignyng many articles to the Emperoure :
and when the Emperor had well understande the contentes
of the same, he saied to the Frenche Ambassadors, is this the
full will and agrement of your Master, they answered yea :
wel saied the Emperor, if this be his awne offre, I truste that
he will kepe it. Then themperor thought best to bryng the
Frenche kyng to more libertie, and to visite hym hymself,
whiche he had not doen but in the tyme of his sickenes.
Where the xiiii. daie of February, the Emperor accom-
paignied with the greate Constable of Fraunce, the Duke of
Enphantaso, the Duke of Civill, the Duke of Nasso, the
Duke of Alvoy, the Duke of Alberkirke, the Duke of
Medena, the Duke of Massedonia, the Marques of Aguler,
the Marques Villafranca, the Marques of Sturgus, the Erie
of Barselona, the Erie of Bonivent, the erle of Jeniver, the
Erie of Selenas, the Erie of Arrowffe, the Erie of Salvator,
and xii. Bishoppes, and a greate nomber of nobles, came
to the castle of Madrill, to whom was the Frenche kyng
brought with a noble repaire, to whom the Emperor made
lo reverence, and declared to hym how all victories, consist
in the hande of God, and where greate debate, warre, and
strief, had long continued betwene them, he said it was the
very handy worke of God, to deliver hym to captivitie, so
that by his restraint of libertie, a generall peace should be
concluded through all Christendome, and now sithe you
have offered us reasonable conditions, we entendyng not
your punishement, nor restraint of your libertie have gently
received your offers, signed with your awne hande, whiche
all your nobles shall heare redde.
In primis, the Frenche kyng sware to kepe peace,
bothe by land and by water with the Emperor and his
subjectes, of all landes, territories, or dominions, be longyng
to the Emperor or the Empire.
Item, the saied Frenche kyng clerely renounced, all
the right, title, or interest whiche he had or pretended, to
the realme of Napels, or the kyngdome of Scicile.
Item, the saied Frenche kyng clerely renounced his
right and title, to the Duchie of Millain, and the Countie
of Ast.
Item, the same kyng surrendered into themperors
handes the whole Duchie of Burgoyn, the Countie Charo- loys,

THE XVII.
YERE
[1525-26]

6o

King Henry the VIII.

THE XVII.
YERE
[1525-26] 5-

10.

11.

12.

'3-

loys, with all castles and lordshippes apperteinyng to
the same, with al maner of sovereigntie, apperteignyng to
the croune of Fraunce by reason of the same.
Item, the saied kyng surrendered and relased, all the
sovereigntie whiche he claimed of the Counties of Flaunders
and Arthoys, and thother lowe countreys, so that they
from thence furthe should never sue to any Parliament of
Fraunce by appele, or resorte, the Counties of Guysnes,
Arde, and Bullonoys alwaye except.
Item, he released all the right and title, that he had
to the citee of Tournay and Turnesyns, and to the tounes
of Hedyng and Arras, with all Castles and dominions
apperteignyng to the same with the title of the sove
reigntie and resort of the same, to the Parliamentes of
Fraunce. Item, he sware and promysed, never to helpe nor
aide the Lorde Dalbrethe, called the kyng of Naverr by
covyn or other wise, against themperor or his heires nor
successors. Item, that he nor none other by his assent, should
maintein, aide or comfort Charles Duke of Geldres, nor
maintein sir Robert de la Marche, by no meanes against
the Emperor, or his countreys, or dominions.
Item, he promised at his awne costes and charges, to
finde five hundred men of armes, and tenne thousande
footemen, to do the Emperour service, whensoever that
he toke his jorney toward Rome, for the obteignyng of
his croune and scepter Imperiall, and to paie their wages for
sixe monethes.
Item, he promised to be enemie to all persones, whiche
would go about or entend in any wyse, to let or disturbe
the saied jorney to Rome.
Item, he promised to discharge the Emperor against
the king of Englande, for the somme of twoo hundred
thousande Crounes whiche, he ought then to the kyng
of Englande, and to deliver the Emperor a sure acquit-
au^.e for the same, whiche amounteth in starlyng money
Item, he released all the pencions, whiche he claimed
of the realmes of Napels and Scicile, whiche was yerely a
hundred thousand dukattes.
Item, for the surer performaunce of all these articles, it

King Henry the VIII.

61

it was agreed that the Frenche kyng should at his departyng,
deliver into the Emperors handes, the Dolphin of Vien,
and Henry Duke of Orleaunce, his twoo elder sonnes,
which should remain in Spain, till that all these articles wer
performed : and if after he came into his realme, the three
estates of Fraunce, would not condiscend and agree to
these articles, which he had offered and sworne, then he
should shordy come again into Spain, and yeld hymself
prisoner again, and his children then to be redelivered into
Fraunce. Item, for the more fortification of this Concorde, and for
the more amitie to be had betwene the twoo princes and
their realmes, the Emperor offered in mariage to the Frenche
kyng, the noble princes lady Elinor late Quene of Portyngall,
with a greate dowar, and offered to hym with her in mariage
three faire lordeshippes, called Ansames, Maconoyes, and
Barsur, the whiche the Frenche kyng joyfully accepted :
But this offre was conditionally, so that the whole agre-
ment toke effecte, or els not. Some saied as you heard
before that the Frenche Quene was poysoned for this
intent : but evill tongues never saied well. To al these
articles and many mo, the Frenche kyng sware before the
Emperor, and all his nobles the xiiii. daie of February.
In the tyme of this entreatie came into Spayne, Charles
Duke of Burbon whiche appelled the Frenche kyng, that he
contrary to al right and Justice, had procured and imagened,
the death and destruction of the saied Duke without
any cause, but onely to possede his soveraigneties and
dominions, by reason whereof, the saied Duke was com
pelled to live in exile, out of his countrey, and that the
Regent of Fraunce, contrary to Justice had proclaimed hym
a traitor, and seazed all his goods and landes, wherefore he
desired that the Frenche kyng, might to hym make a con-
digne recompense : to whom the Emperour answered, that
a prisoner might not bee appeled : but yet for his good
service, the Emperor did so muche, that an article was
concluded, that the duke of Burbon should bee restored
to his firste title, state, honor, and dignitie, and to all his
other Duches, Counties, seigniories, and Dominions, and
there the Frenche kyng frely pardoned to hym al offences,
and sware that al proces, proclamations, impeticions, had or
dooen against hym should bee voyde, annulled and repeled, and

THE XVII.
YERE
[1525-26]

King Henry the VIII.

THE XVII.
YERE
[1525-26]

and farther the Frenche kyng in recompence of al wronges
doen to him, and for the restitucion of his goodes, promised
and sware to paie the same duke CC. thousande crounes,
with al the rentes, and profites received of the landes of
the saied duke, in the tyme of his exile. When al these
articles wer concluded, sworne, and appoynted, the Emperour :
judged that the Frenche kyng, would never love the Duke
of Burbon, and that by some newe found faute, or by some
privy enemie, he might bee brought to confusion : where
fore of his noble liberalise, consideryng the good service
that the duke had doen to hym, and might do if he were of
possessions and dominions gave unto the Duke the whole
Duchie of Millain, so that the saied duke should finde yerely
foure thousande footemen, and five hundred men of armes,
and paie to the Emperor yerely foure thousande Ducates,
but he never obteigned the possession, for lacke of the
investure of creacion : also the Emperoure gave to the
Viceroy of Napels, the Duchie of Boysee, and the Countie
of Ast, and many greate rewardes for his good service.
This peace thus concluded betwene the Emperour and the
Frenche kyng was openly proclaimed through all Spain,
Fraunce, Flaunders and the Emperours dominions, whereof
their subjectes were glad, and made fiers and triumphes
through all their countreys. The kyng of Englande like
wyse, whiche was included in the same League, was very
glad of the peace, and caused the Cardinall and all the
nobles and prelates, to assemble at the Cathedrall Churche
of saincte Paule, and there was Te deum song, and the
Cardinall gave benediccion to all the people, and that night
fires was made through all London. The common people
said as thei thought : some saied the peace was honorable
to the Emperoure, and other saied, the Frenche kyng would
not kepe his promise, when he was once delivered, and so it
proved. The kyng of England hearing that the Frenche kyng was
at a poynt to be delivered, sent a knight of his chamber,
called sir Thomas Cheyney to the French kyng, certefiyng
him of the great gladnes that he had of his delivery, and
also the comfort that he had for the conclusion of peace :
of whiche kynd remembraunce, the French kyng muche
rejoysed. The French kyng toke his leave of themperor
and toke his jorney into Fraunce ward, and came to
Victoria,

King Henry the VIII.

63

Victoria, in whiche season the fame went, that the Dolphin
whiche should have been delivered as one of the hostages
for the French Kyng his father was disseased, and so the
Frenche Kyng was stayed for xv. daies, till the truth was
knowen : other saied that the cause was that there wer
betwene Fontrabie and Bayon xxx.M. men, and doubted
lest if he had been brought doune to Fountraby, he might
have been rescued : but whatsoever the cause was, he was
restraigned as you have harde.
And at the last when the daie came of his delivery, and
he was discretely moved, that he should not speake to his
children, for feare that lamentation and sorowe might in
suche wise rise, that hurte might ensue of it. When the
daie was come that he should be delivered, there was
betwene the borders of Fraunce and Spain, a Lake of
no great depenes, in the middes whereof was laied a greate
emptie boate at an anker, and at every shore was another
boate, and when the French kyng was come to the banke,
he entered the boate on the Spanishe side, and sixe
Spaniardes with hym, and like wise on the Frenche part,
the twoo Princes sonnes to the Frenche kyng, entered the
other boate and sixe Frenchmen with them, and so bothe
the boates came to the boat liyng in the middes. The
Frenche kyng entered at the one ende, and his children at
the other, and passed through the great boate, and even in
the middest of the boate thei met, and he with his hande
blessed theim, without speakyng of any wordes, but sadly
regarded theim, and so he entered into the boate with the
Frenchemen, and his children into the boate with Spaniardes,
and eche of theim were shortly at the shore, and mounted
on horsebacke, and the Frenche king rode to Bayon, where
he was nobely received, almost of al these nobles in the
realme, and in especial of his mother : and his ii. children
were conveighed to Fountraby and so upward, and were
well cherished in al thynges, by the great Constable of
Spain and his wife.
Thus was Frances the Frenche kyng, conveighed into his
realme the xxi. daie of Marche, whiche was taken the xxiiii.
daie of February, the yere last past.
After that themperor had concluded, and taken his leave
of the Frenche kyng, he rode to the faire citee of Civill,
and there he with greate triumph maried lady Isabell,
daughter

THE XVII.
YERE
[1525-26]

The deliverie
of the French
Kyng.

The mariage
of themperor.

64

King Henry the VIII.

THE XVII.
YERE
[1525-26]

The xviii.
yere.

The oracion
of the
President of
Roan.

daughter to kyng Emanuell of Portingall, with whom he
had greate threasures and sommes of money, and great
frendship of the Portyngalles, for he had xi. hundred
thousande Ducates with her mariage. When this mariage
was knowen in Englande, the Englishemen sore murmured,
that the Emperor beyng at Wynsore, in the xiiii. yere of
the king, had faithfully promised to mary, the lady Mary,
daughter to the Kyng of Englande. But for a verie truthe
the Emperoures counsaill was not content with the answere
made to Monsire de Bevers the last yere, and so counsaled
the Emperour, not to tary for the lady Mary whiche was
young : and also thei saied that she was begotten of the
Kyng of Englande by his brothers wife. And also an acte
was made in Spain, that he should not depart the countrey,
till he had issue. All these thynges were laied to hym,
whiche caused him to encline to mariage, and seyng the
greate offer that the kyng of Portyngal mad to; him, he
was there to agreyng, and so maried the lady Isabell, sister
to kyng Jhon of Portyngall.

THE XVIII. YERE.
THE xxviii. daie of Aprill, in the beginnyng of this
xviii. yere, came to the Court to Grenewiche,
Monsire Brenion chief president of Roan, and
Jhon Jokyn now called Monsire de Vaux, whiche Presi
dent of Roan before the Kyng sette in a Throne, and
accompaignied with all his nobles, and the Ambassadors
of Rome, of the Emperor, of Venice, and Florence, beyng
there present, made in the Latyn toungue a solempne
oracion, the effect wherof was that he shewed, how dredfull
the warres had been betwene the realmes of Englande and
Fraunce, what greate losse the realme of Fraunce, had sus-
teigned by the saied warres : He declared farther of what
power the kyng of Englande was of and what conquest he
might have made in Fraunce, the kyng beyng prisoner, and
knowleged the kyng of Englandes right in the warres, and
their wronges, where he humbly thanked hym, of his pitie
and compassion that he had on them in their necessitie and
affliction, that he would concent to peace. To this Oracion
the Chanceller of the Duchie of Lancastre, by name sir
Thomas

King Henry the VIII.

65

Thomas More made answere saiyng : that it muche rejoysed
the kyng, that thei first considered, how by his power he
might have oppressed, and how by his pitie he had releved
them : wherfore he would here after that for kindnes, they
should shewe hym none unkindnes, but inviolatly kepe
that league whiche was concluded.
The next daie after beeyng Sondaie, the Cardinall song a
solempne Masse, in the kynges chapell of Grenewiche, and
after Masse the kyng sware before the Frenche Ambassadors,
the foure Ambassadors above rehersed being present, that
he should kepe the peace and league concluded, betwene
hym and his brother and perpetuall alie the French kyng,
duryng his life and a yere after, and after Masse to all
Ambassadoures was made a greate feast.
In the moneth of Maie was a proclamation made, against
al unlawfull games, accordyng to the statutes made in this
behalf, and commissions a warded into every shire, for the
execucion of the same, so that in all places, Tables, Dice,
Cardes, and Boules, wer taken and brent. Wherfore the
people murmured against the Cardinall, saiyng: that he
grudged at every mannes pleasure, savyng his awne, but
this Prodamacion smal tyme endured: and when young
men were forbidden Boules and suche other games : some
fell to drinkyng, and some to ferettyng of other mennes
Conies, and stealyng of Dere in Parkes, and other
unthriftines. Because all this Sommer the Kyng tooke his pastyme
in huntyng, and nothyng happened worthie to bee written
of: I will returne to the Frenche kyng, now come again
into his realme.
When he was at Paris he saied and wrote to the Emperour,
that he would observe and kepe his promises in every point,
but what he thought I will not judge : for shortly after he
set furth a boke, called the appologie or defence against the
convencion or agrement made betwene the Emperor and
hym at Madrill, allegyng that he was compelled to make
that agrement, or els he should never have been delivered :
He alleged farther that the Lawyers of his realme clerely
determined, al promyses and covenauntes made by any
persone to his awne hurt, with hym that is more of power
then he, to be made by compulsion, and so of none effect
and not to be performed. He also sayed that the governors of
VOL. II.

THE XVIII.
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The peace
sworne.

66

King Henry the VIII.

THE XVIII.
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[1526-27]

of the Lawe, determined that no othe or promise is of any
effecte, wher a manne is in jeoperdie of life, or of perpetuall
inprisonement or bondage, and moste in especiall when it
is doen by compulsion or thretenyng. Moreover he saied
that he might geve awaye nothyng apperteinyng to his
Croune, without thassent of his peeres, and the three estates
of his realme (to the whiche he was sworne at the time of
his Coronacion) whiche would therto in no wise assent, and
therfore he saied that his othe and promes was voyd, and
so he declared to the Viceroy of Napels beyng then with
him as Ambassadour for the Emperor, and offered for his
raunsome to paye asmuche money as ever Frenche kyng
paied, with diverse other articles of newe devised.
When these articles came to the Emperor, he them
refused and saied, that he had desired nothyng impossible of
the Frenche Kyng, and if he might not or would not kepe,
the appoyntement betwene theim made, yet he bad hym kepe
that poynt of covenaunt, whiche onely depended in his will,
that was that he should yelde hymself prisoner againe, and so
he should have his children delivered : and then he would
reasonably commen with hym, of newe articles of agrement,
and as to the appollegie set furthe by the Frenche kyng,
that his othe and promesse was voyde, and made by com
pulsion and threatenyng, it was answered by another boke
called the Refutation or Overcommyng of the apollogie, of
the convencion of Madrill. Whiche twoo woorkes were so
eloquently set furth, with suche and so many perswacions
and allegations, bothe on the one part and the other, that it
would comber a wise man (except he were perfectly indif
ferent) to judge to whiche parte he should moste encline, and
geve credence, therfore I leave it at large.
After that the Frenche kyng was delivered, and the peace
concluded, the Emperor was fully determined to passe the
seas into Italy, and so to Rome, and there to be crouned
Emperor, wherof hearyng the bishop of Rome, called Pope
Clement the seventh, a man of great wit and vice, and of
litle vertue or learnyng : much doubted in himself what
damage might come to hym, if the Emperor had bothe
Naples, Sicill, and the Duchie of Millain, and also wer
crouned Emperor. Wherefore he sent to the Venicians,
and to the Florentines, and to Fraunces Sforce duke of
Millain, whiche. had committed treason against themperor, and

King Henry the VIII.

67

and was deprived by judgement of his name and dignitie,
and the same geven to the Duke of Burbon, but yet by
power he kept muche of the possession : and declared to
them, by what puyssance the Emperor would come into
Italy, and what greate possessions he had there at every ende
of Italy, so that if he wer once crouned Emperor, he would
loke to have the seigniorie of all Italy : wherfore they con
sulted and debated for their awne suretie, how to banishe
him and his all Italy by power : and as thei wer debatyng
of this matter, thei hard worde how the French kyng was
returned into Fraunce, and sought all waies and meanes,
how to breake with the Emperour. When they sawe so
open an accion offered to them, with al diligence thei sent
their severall Ambassadors, that is to saie, the Pope twain,
the duke of Venice called Andrew Gritty, one (which was
his secretorie) and the Florentynes one, and the Duke of
Millain one, these five Ambassadours came to the Frenche
Kyng, and declared what joye and gladnes their masters had
of his safe returne into his realme, and then thei shewed to
him how thei by the Bishop of Romes exhortation had
devised a league, whiche should set a perpetuall peace
betwene all princes Christen, and for the more expedicion
they had set furth and agreed upon articles, for the whole
league. When the Frenche kyng saw the articles it was as
he would have it, for he thought by the whole power of the
confederates, his children should be delivered, and he yet
again once to have a medelyng in Italy : wherefore with
greate gladnes and solempnitie, he entered into the league,
and sware to kepe it, and gave to the Ambassadors great
rewardes. The first article of this league was, that themperor, the
kyng of Englande, and all other kynges and princes, might
entre into the same, and if the kyng of Englande would,
he should bee admitted as protector of the same league.
But yet the Emperour should not bee admitted, till he
had delivered the Frenche kynges chyldren, havyng a reson-
able somme of money for thesame, nor before he had restored
the Duke of Millain to his whole Duchie franckly and frely,
and all other persones of Italy, in like maner as thei wer
before the last warres began : Nor he shal not once come
into Italy for his Coronation or other wise, but with
suche a traine as the Pope and the Duke of Venice shall
thynke

THE XVIII.
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68

King Henry the VIII.

THE XVIII.
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[1526-27]

8.

thynke convenient, and that with in three monethes after
he had entered into this league, he shall paye to the kyng
of England, al suche sommes as he ought him before
the time.
Item, If themperor would not entre, then the sayd
confederates should assemble a greate armie in Italy,
accord yng as every one should bee assessed, and this armie
to be mainteigned, till the Emperors power were driven out
of Italy.
Item, that the Emperor shalbe warned, to deliver the
Frenche kynges children, and to fall to a resonable poynt
with hym, whiche thynges yf he deny to dooe, then the
confederates certifie hym, that they shall never cease till he
be brought to reason.
Item, that a greate navie should be prepared on
all the coastes of Italy at the common costes of the
confederates. Item, that Fraunces Sforce shall enjoy the Duchie of
Millain, paiyng yerely to the Frenche kyng fiftie thousande
Ducattes, and the French kyng never to claime the same.
Item, the Frenche Kyng or the Duke of Orleaunce hys
sonne, shall have the Countie of Ast.
Item, if the Emperour bee expelled oute of Napels and
Skill, then the realmes to be at the gift of the Pope, paiyng
yerely to the French kyng lxxv. thousande Ducattes.
Item, yf the kyng of Englande wyll take upon hym as
Protector of this league, then he or his sonne (the Duke
of Richemond) to have a duchie or a principalitie in the
realme of Napels, to hym and to his heires, to the somme of
thirtie thousande Ducattes at the least, and the Cardinal of
Yorke to have a yerely pencion of x. thousand Ducates.
This league was concluded at Cogmace or the xxii.
daye of Maye in this yere.
When this League was thus concluded, it was sent to
the Kyng of Englande, whiche with greate deliberacion like
a wise prince, consulted muche with his counsaill of this
waightie matter, and when al thinges wer fully perceived,
he answered to thambassadours, that he thanked muche the
confederates of their good will, but he would not entre
into the league, because he would be an indifferent entreator
betwene bothe parties and a meane for a peace : and so he
wrote to the Emperor, whiche hartely thanked hym, and toke it

King Henry the VIII.

69

it for greate kyndnes : this league was called the holy league
of Clement. When the Byshop of Rome sawe that this
league was concluded, because he would shewe that he
and the confederates, had just cause of warre against the
Emperour, for thinges done in Italy, he sent to hym a
letter, dated at Rome the xxiii. daie of June : in the whiche
letter he moste craftely laied to the Emperours charge, what
he had done for hym before he was Pope, and sithe he was
promoted to that dignitie, he left nothyng unremembred,
that either he had frendly meant or actually done to the
Emperor : and accused him of muche unkindnes, and in
especiall that he would not pardon Frances Sforce duke of
Millain, at his request. He accused hym also of the coveteous
desire which he had, to have or obtein the whole Monarchic
of Italy, with many other pretie inventions : For whiche
causes he saied he was compelled, for the suretie of all Italy,
and in especiall for the churche of Rome, to joyne hymself
with greate Prynces, and to make warre for the defence of
the same. This letter was delivered to the Emperour with
all spede, to whom the Emperour answered by a letter, dated
the xiiii. daie of September, conteinyng xxiiii. shetes of paper,
in suche wyse that all wyse men maie se by the same, that the
Romyshe byshop accused themperour, where he should have
blamed hymself, for the Emperour laied a greate nomber of
ingratitudes and untruthes to hym, and clerely avoyded all
thynges, that he laied to his charge. The Pope sent his
Ambassadour another letter, that if the first letter were
not delivered, then he should retaine it, but as God would,
for manifestyng of the truthe, the letter was delivered tenne
dayes before.
After the first letters written, the holy father of Rome
raised in all hast an armie of eight thousande footemen,
with a valiaunt compaignie of horsmen, whiche passed the
river of Poo, and joyned themselfes with the power of the
Venicians, wherof was capitain Frances duke of Urbine, and
so they all together marched toward Millain : and in the
meane season they had sent Octavian Sforcia Byshop of
Aretyne, whiche for the Frenche kyng should retaine xiiii.M.
Swisses, and they were comming out of Swyserlande, to
joyne with the armie of Italy. Thyntent of this armie was
to drive al the Emperours power out of the Duchie of
Millain, but all their devises proved contrary, as you shall
after

THE XVIII.
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[1526-27]

7°

King Henry the VIII.

THE XVIII.
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[1526-27]

after plainly perceive. For you shall understande, that
although the Frenche kyng was taken before Pavia, a yere
and more before this tyme, and all the Frenche men driven
out of the Duchie of Millain, yet the Emperour left not the
duchie without an armie, for he left there Anthony de Leva,
whiche was capitain of Pavia, at the siege laied by the Frenche
kyng, and Fernando Davall and Alphons his brethren, two
valiant capitaines, but Fernando died, the more pitie : these
capitaines had with them Spaniardes and Almaines and other,
to the nomber of eight or tenne thousande, and laie still till
the newe confederacie set forwarde, and especially they were
sore moved with Frances Sforce duke of Millain, whiche
had the possession of the moste part of all the fortresses of
the duchie, that he would be one of the confederates : wher
fore they thought best to begyn with hym and to get the
possession out of his hand. Wherefore Alphons Davall
sent for all themperors armie together, and they came al
together to warre, and when he was there, he sent for
Moron chief counsailer with the duke of Millain, whiche
mistrustyng nothyng came to hym, and there he laied
to him how the duke his master was false to the
Emperour, and Moron it denied, then he was kept there
as a prisoner, whether it were by cautele or no I cannot
tell, but he wrote to the Duke, that he perceived that the
Emperoure was lyke to prevayle, and advysd him for
avoydyng of all mistrust, and also to shewe hym self the
very frende of the Emperor, and his obedient subject, to
delyver all the strong holdes into his capitaines handes :
The Duke hearyng this counsaill, and willyng not to have
the enmitie of the Emperiall Capitaines, assented and
delivered to Davall all the fortresses that he had, except
the castelles of Millain and Cremona, whiche he saied he
kepte onely for the healthe of his body, because he had
bene long sicke.
Then Davall with his power of Almains and Spaniardes came
to the citie of Millain and lodged his people in every house,
and fearing that the duke imagened some thyng by kepyng
of the twoo strongest castels, for if he delyvered these two
castelles to the armie of the confederates, the Emperoures
capitaines and people should be in great daunger : wherefore
he gentely with greate perswasion desired to have the kepyng
of the castell of Millain, whiche the Duke would in nowise assent,

King Henry the VIII.

71

assent, mistrusting, that then he shoulde lese the duchie
and all, wherefore Davall with all spede layed sege to the
castell, the duke being within. During the tyme of this
sege, the capitaines ever toke money and other thinges from
the citezens whiche sore therat grudged and saied that they
would suffer it no more, and so as an Almain came to a
smith for a docate, the smith cried helpe, and with that the
toune rose : then the capitaines came into the citie to se
what was done, the souldiers that kept the sege seing that,
ranne into the citie and there was muche entretyng on both
partes. The duke hering the noies in the citie and seing the
besegers gone, came out of the castle, thynkyng that his
frendes had come to his reskue, but when he sawe no succour,
and harde the noyes seased, he entred the castell agayne.
When the Capitaynes had long intreated the people were
ones contented, but by meanes of one sedicious felowe
they began again, and there was a sore fight, but the
night came so faste on, that both the partes severed them
selves. The citezens sore greved with the Spaniardes said openly
that shortly they trusted to se all themperours frendes
driven out of Italy, and with many yll woordes rebuked
the souldiers : and when they came into thee citie they hurt
them. Anthony delava and Davall, perceivyng this, devysed how
to be revenged, wherfore in the evenyng they entred with a
M. Spaniardes and other, and slewe one citizen and set his
hed on a polle and caused it to be borne afore them and set
iii. or iiii. houses a fire, which when the citizens perceived
they wer greatly aferd and ran to harnesse, and cast doune
stones and barres, but the hand gonnes shot so fast at them,
that thei durst not loke out : the Almaines set fire in many
houses, least they should have leyser to fyght, and some of
the Spaniardes that kept the towers, slewe the citezens. Alas
the citie was in greate perill, and that well perceived Leva
and Davall, for if the remnant of the Spaniardes had come
in, the whole cytie had bene burned or utterly destroied :
wherfore they caused the souldiers to cease, whiche were
content, for they had bene in harnes from the sunne set, tyll
nyne of the clocke the next daie.
In this season tharmy of the confederates, made hast to
help

THE XVIII.
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7^

King Henry the VIII.

THE XVIII.
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[1526-27]

help the duke of Millain, and in the meane waie the citie
of Lawde was yelded to the duke of Urbin : Davall went
thether with a small compaignie to reskew the citie and
when he sawe that it was past reskew he returned, saiyng :
it wer better to lese Lawde, then Millain, and so brought all
his people to Millain.
The Emperour from tyme to tyme was advertised, of all
thynges done in Italy, wherfore with great diligence he sent
the duke of Burbon thether, with ten saile, and landed at
Savona, and brought with hym x.M. men, wherof the
Millaners were very glad, and besought him to be good to
them, to whom he gave many good woordes and sware, and
praied God that his braynes might be striken out with a
gonne, except he did deliver them shortly of their great
burden, and oppression of the Spaniardes, so they would
deliver hym xxx.M. ducates, for the wages of the souldiers
that he had brought with hym, whiche wishe was thought
to have happened to hym at Rome, for breakyng of his
promes : for after he had received the money, for a litle
space the Millaners were in good quiet, but shordy after
they were worse then afore, in so muche as some substantial
men, for feare of their lives, hanged themselfes.
When the Millaners hard how the citie of Lawde was
taken, and the Spaniardes put out, they thought that
v.M. Spaniardes and iii.M. Almaines, and no great nomber
of horsemen, beyng without wages and vitaile, could not
defende so great a citie long, against the whole power of the
princes confederate. While the power of the confederates,
wer slowly commyng to Millain ward, the duke and his
compaignie lacked victaile, wherfore of necessitie, when they
sawe the watche negligently kept, they sent out of the castle
CC. men, whiche with strength passed the siege, and came to
the armie of the confederates, and shewed them in what case
the castle was in, whiche bad theim be of a good chere, and
so they marched forwarde towarde a gate of Millain, called
Rome gate, and Jhon de Medices whiche led the forward,
shot sixe gonnes at a tower to have overthrowen the same,
and so to have entered in by that waye. The Emperors
men came to the place, and not onely defended the same, but
valiaundy set forward to fight with their enemies, and skir
mished with them very sore. The Italians seyng that the
Spaniardes wer so fierce, thought it not best to fight with
them,

King Henry the VIII.

73

them, but to tary tyll the Swysses were come, and then they
thought themselfes sure of victory : and so with shame
inough, they returned to Meligia.
After this returne, the Imperialles fortified the citie in
many places. The duke of Millein seyng that he lacked
victaile, and that his succors had failed hym, sent to the
duke of Burbon worde, that he would deliver the castle,
so that he should be bound to no farther inconvenience : so
thei agreed that he and his, should have their bagge and
baggage, and should have the citie of Come for his abode,
til he wer tried of themperor, of the accusations against
hym alleged : upon whiche condition he yelded the castle,
and went directly to tharmy of the confederates. And after
that he went to Come, accordyng to his appoynctment: but
the Spaniardes whiche kepte the toune, would not suffre hym
to entre, wherefore of necessitie he was compelled to returne,
to tharmy of the confederates, and there became enemie to
themperours meny. All this sommer tharmie of Italy gat
nothing, but the citie of Lawde, and thei durst not fight
with the Spaniardes, wherfore they went and besieged
Cremona, in the which were i.M. Almaines, and v.C.
Spaniardes. Al the Swisshes and viii.M. of the Popes
men, and all the horsemen of Malatesta, were sent to the
siege, whereof was capitain thesaied Malatesta Ballio Perusine,
whiche, as he would have entered the castle was slain, and
i.M. men and more of his bende : wherfore the duke of
Urbyne, and the whole army of the Venicians wer sent for,
whiche made so great a nomber, and had suche ordinaunce,
that they within began to treate, and by appoyntment delivered
the citie.
After this, the whole army of the Italians or confederates,
determined clerely to besiege Millain, but sodainly the
byshop of Rome sent for his army (for what cause you shal
here after) and also thei hard say, that George Fronsberge
a valiant capitain an Almain, which served themperor in
his last warres : was comming with xiiii. M. lance knightes,
which were paied their wages afore hand, for iiii. monethes,
to aide themperors part. When the confederate army hard
this, thei wer astonied, and durst not enterprise the siege,
but at a certain Abbay, two myle from the citie of Millain,
they made a fortification for iii.M. fotemen, and five hundred
horsemen, to lie surely al wynter, to suffre no recourse to
come
VOL. II.

THE XVIII.
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[1526-27]

The castle
of Millain
yelded to
themperours use.

K

74

King Henry the VIII.

THE XVIII.
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[1526-27]

An answer of
a Cardinal to
the Bishop
of Rome.

come to the citie, whiche citie was all Sommer season well
fortified and victailed.
After the Popes army was departed at Cremona, as you
have hard, there came to tharmy of the confederates, Michael
Anthonio Marques of Saluce, as capitain generall for the
Frenche kyng, and brought with hym iiii.M. Gascons, and
v.C. men of armes, and xv.C. light horses, according to the
league. Then this whole army hearyng that the Almaines
were comming forward with great ordinaunce, and a great
nomber of horse men, and had passed the straightes of the
mountaignes maugre the Venicians, and that conradine
Lepontine, whiche had delivered up Cremona with i.M.
Almaines, was joyned with capitain George. When tharmy
of the confederates were well informed of this greate armie,
that was commyng toward Millain, the capitaines clerely
determined to mete with them, and by battaill or otherwise,
to let them from passyng the ryver of Poo, or to joyne with
themperors armie, wherfore they marched forwarde, and
founde that the Almaines were come into the territories
of Mantua : then the duke of Urbyn, and Jhon de Medices
cosin to the Pope thought to wery the Almaines with light
skirmishes, but Jhon de Medices skirmished so nere tharmie,
to get hym a name above other, that he was hit with a gonne,
and so shortely died. Then the Almaines came to Floren-
ciola and there toke counsaill, and thought it not best to
sojorne all wynter in the Duchie of Millain, because all
thyng there was scace, by reason of the continuall warres:
wherefore they determined to take the Popes tounes, as
aucthor of all the mischief and warre, and surely they
had taken the toune of Plesance, if tharmie of the con
federates had not strongly, both with men and artillery,
fortified the toune.
While all these thynges were a doyng, there continued a
greate hatered betwene the bishop of Rome, and the noble
family of Colume in Rome all whiche famely was Imperiall,
in so muche that the Byshop saied to Pompey Cardinal of
Colume, that he would take awaie his Cardinalles hat, and
thother answered if he did so, that he would put on a
helmet to overthrowe his thre crounes. When this malice
had long continued, the Byshop of Rome began to lacke
money, to maintein his warres, and sore he fered the
Columes his domesticall enemies, and so of his awne mocion
 began

King Henry the VIII.

75

began to breake the matter with Ascayn Colume, sonne to
Prosper de Columna, in name of the whole bloud of the
Columes, saiyng : that it were more convenient for both
parties to agree, then to abide the chaunce of battaill, to the
whiche they bothe were parties (for the Columes had men of
warre in themperors battaill, as the byshop had in tharmy of
the confederates) then every daie to retaine souldiers at home,
eche for feare of other, to their great charges and losse.
Ascaine hearyng this saied he would speake with his kynred,
and so did : and this communicacion had taken effect, and
Hugo de Moncado had not bene. For this Hugo was a
lide before sent from themperor to the Pope, with certain
articles to conclude a peace, to the whiche the Pope would
not agre, saiyng he came to late, and when he sawe the
byshops proude aunswer, and perceived him enemie to his
master, he then sought an occasion, to oppresse, the bishop
and his power, and so moved the Cardinall of Colume, and
Ascain Colume, to invade Rome with a sodain fraie, and to
take Pope Clement or he wer ware.
They beyng glad to please themperor, gathered secretly
ii.M. souldiers, and entered Rome with suche spede, that they
were at s. Jhon Laterence nere to the Popes Palace, or any
man spied theim, then began a crie,- the Cardinall of Colume
commeth with a great power. The Pope thynkyng it to
late to sende for aide, fled by a secret vawte to the castle
Angell, and with hym fled Cardinalles, Bishoppes, and other
of his palace, to a greate nomber, so that there was not
victaile inough, for theim all. The byshop Clement sawe
that shortly he and they, should be famished in the castle,
sent to Hugo de Moncado, whiche had declared that he was
thauctour of this act, not mindyng to hurt the Pope, but to
make hym themperors frend, or els to cause hym to sur-
cesse, for doyng themperor any damage, and to the said
Hugo he offered, to kepe peace with the Emperor and his
confederates for foure monethes, and in the meane season to
treate a peace, and also to call his armie again over the
Poo, and for the performaunce of this, he delivered to the
Columes good hostage, and returned his armie from
Cremona, as you have hard before, and so he was delivered
at large : Now will I leave the Emperors armie liyng in
Italy, and speake of a greate mischief that fell in Hungary.
The greate Turke Sultan Soliman Pac, hearyng of the
strief

THE XVIII.
YERE
[1526-27]

76

King Henry the VIII.

THE XVIII.
YERE
[1526-27]

The kyng of
Hongarydrouned.

strief and warre that was betwene Christen prynces,
imagened that his tyme was come, to do some great act in
Christendom, wherfore he assembled a puissant armie of
C.xx.M. men, and entered into Hongary, sore destroiyng
the countrey. Wherof hearing Lewes kyng of Hongary,
a couragious knight of xxvi. yere of age, with a small
nomber marched forward in June, and was on the greate
army of the Turkes or he wist, and so with good courage
joyned battail, but he was oppressed with multitude, and
was compelled to flie into a marreis, where he horse and
man were drouned and many other with hym, his body was
found after and buried. The saiyng was that he was be-
traied, by an Erie of his awne, called Jhon de Voada, and
so it was likely, for the Turke afterward made hym kyng of
Hongary, but he enjoyed but one part of it called Transil-
vania : for Fernando themperors brother, whiche had maried
the sister and heire of kyng Lewes that was slain, kept the
chief part of Hongary. The greate Turke hymself was
not at the fight, but when he hard that the kyng was slain,
he rejoysed much, and spoyled the countrey, and brought
many a Christian soule into captivitie to Turkey. Of this
victory he wrote to the Venicians, as to his frendes, whiche
letter was red openly in Venice, before Doctor Pace Ambas
sadour there for the kyng of England, but whether they
were joyous or sorowfull of the tidynges, I cannot well
tell you.
This sommer was great grudge against merchant strangers
in London, in somuch that if the matter had not bene well^
pacified, much busines might have folowed, the cause of the
grudge was this, ther was an act made in the iiii. yere of
king Henry, that no stranger should bring in no wine nor
woade in an aliens ship : so that thenglishmen after that
went to Tholose, and brought much woade to London, and
served all the clothiers repairyng to London : and now in this
yere by meanes of gentelmen about the kyng, the strangers
had license to bring in woade in strangers bottomes, so that
all London was ful of their woade, and also they sent their
woade into the countrey, so that thenglishmens woade in
London lay unbought: wherefore sir Jhon Alen knight
beyng Maior, sent for a great sort of strangers, which wer
the chief merchantes of all, and shewed unto them what gaines
they had gotten in the citie by reason wherof they should
avaunce

King Henry the VIII.

77

avaunce the citie, and not hurt it, wherfore he willed them to
sel their woade to the merchantes of London, and they should
be paied in continent, and not to resort to other places in the
countrey with their woade, to the hinderance of the Londoners.
The straungers proudely answered the Maior, that thei would
seke every place for their avantage, and so in mockyng
maner departed. The Maior perceivyng that, called a
common counsail in the moneth of August, and there were
many billes laied against the strangers, and at last it was
enacted, that no citezen nor freman, should bie nor sell in
no place, nor exchange nor meddle with certain strangers,
called Anthony Bonvice, Laurence Bonvice, Anthony
Vivald, Anthony Caveler, Frances de Bard, Thomas
Calnecant, and a great sorte mo whose names I let passe,
and if any person did meddle or occupie with them, con
trary to this acte, he should lese his fredome, and libertie
in the citie of London : by whiche acte the straungers
were so brideled, that they came to a reasonable poynt
and conclusion.
In this season the angel noble was just the sixt part of an
ounce Troy so the six Angels wer just an ounce which was
xl. s. sterlyng, and the Angel was worth ii. ounces of silver,
so the six Angels were xii. ounces, whiche was but xl. s. in
silver: but in Flaunders, Braband, and Zeland, the Angel
was worth vii. s. iiii. d. so that merchantes daily caried over
much money, to the great hinderance of the merchandise
of this realme, for moste men caried gold, and when it was
there, it was losse in every noble viii. d. to bryng it hether
again : and when thenglishemen spake to the rulers there, to
leave thenhauncyng of the kynges coyne, thei laughed them
to skorne. The kyng and his counsaill perceived to what
end this enhauncement in Flaunders, if it wer not met with
shordy would bryng the riches of this realme : wherfore in
the moneth of September, he by Proclamation, enhaunced
the Angell to vii. s. iiii. d. and the Royal to xii. s. and the
croune to iiii. s. and iiii. d. and this Prodamacion was made
through all England : and to bryng out of Flaunders the
great nomber of Englishe golde whiche was there, the
kyng by Proclamation again, the fift daie of November,
enhaunced the Angell to vii. s. vi. d. and so every ounce
of golde should be xiv. s. and that an ounce of silver should
be iii. s. ix. d. in value. This

THE XVIII.
YERE
[1526-27]

The firste
inhaunsyngof the
Angell.

The second
inhaunsyng.

78

King Henry the VIII.

THE XVIII.
YERE
[1526-27]

This yere on Michaelmas even, Thomas Hynd whiche
was chosen shrife before, was called to take his oth, but he
made defaulte, wherefore on Simon Rice was chosen which
refused, then was one George Robynson Mercer chosen
whiche toke his oth not to be able. The commons were in
such a fury, that they sware that thei would have a Mercer.
Master Nicholas Lambert an Alderman and Grocer, whiche
had a dispensation for the shrivaltie for that yere, seyng
this discord, said to the commons, masters, although my
tyme be not come, yet to appease your strief, if you wil
chose me, I wil take it, and so he was chosen with great
thankes. In this season a sodain rumor began in Spain,
that themperor would have war with the kyng of England,
wherof hearyng thenglishe merchantes, which lay in Spayn
at diverse portes, concluded to sende to doctor Edward Lee,
Ambassador for the kyng of England in themperors court to
knowe the certentie, whiche gently answered them, that he
trusted that there was no such cause, of the which they
should be aferd, for the kyng his master and themperor wer
yet in perfite love and amitie, and farther he sent them
worde that the kyng of England was not entered into the
league of Italy with the confederates, as they would have
hym, for he laboured to make a universall peace, whiche he
could not conveniently do, if he were protector or a con
tractor in the league, this answere he sent to theim from
Granado, the v. daie of September.
In the moneth of December, the kyng kept a solempne
Christmas, at his manor of Grenewyche, with greate plentie
of victaile, Revels, Maskes, disguisynges, and bankettes :
and the xxx. daie of December, was an enterprise of Justes
made at the tilt by sixe gentelmen, againste all commers,
whiche valiantly furnished thesame, bothe with spere and
sworde, and like Justes were kept the third daie of January,
where were CCC. speres broken. That same night, the
kyng and many young gentelmen with hym, came to Bride
well, and there put hym, and xv. other all in Maskyng
apparell, and then toke his Barge, and towed to the Car
dinalles place, where wer at supper a great compaignie of
lordes and ladies, and then the Maskers daunced, and
made goodly pastyme, and when they had well danced, the
Ladies plucked away their visors, and so they were all
knowen, and to the kyng was made a great banket. The

King Henry the VIII.

79

The xiii. daie of January came to the court, Don Hugo
de Mendosa, a great man borne in Spaine, of a noble famely,
this person was sent as Ambassador from the Emperour, to
the kyng of England with large commission, for themperor
put it to the kyng of Englandes determinacion, whether his
demaundes whiche he required of the Frenche Kyng, were
reasonable or not, and for the declaration thereof, and for
to knowe the kyng of Englandes request and entreatie
concernyng the peace, was this noble man sent into Eng
lande, whiche many tymes consulted with the kyng and
and his counsaill, and he taried here two yeres full.
This Christmas was a goodly disguisyng plaied at Greis
inne, whiche was compiled for the moste part, by master
Jhon Roo, serjant at the law xx. yere past, and long before
the Cardinall had any aucthoritie, the effecte of the plaie was,
that lord governaunce was ruled by dissipation and negli
gence, by whose misgovernaunce and evil order, lady Publike
wele was put from governance : which caused Rumor
Populi, Inward grudge and disdain of wanton sovereignitie,
to ryse with a great multitude, to expell negligence and
dissipacion, and to restore Publike welth again to her estate,
whiche was so done. This plaie was so set furth with riche
and costly apparell, with straunge divises of Maskes and
morrishes that it was highly praised of all menne, savyng
of the Cardinall, whiche imagined that the plaie had bene
divised of hym, and inTa greate furie sent for the saied
master Roo, and toke from hym his Coyfe, and sent hym
to the Flete, and after he sent for the young gentelmen, that
plaied in the plaie, and them hyghly rebuked and thretened,
and sent one of them called Thomas Moyle of Kent to the
Flete, but by the meanes of frendes Master Roo and he were
delivered at last. This plaie sore displeased the Cardinall,
and yet it was never meante to hym, as you have harde,
wherefore many wysemen grudged to see hym take it so
hartely, and ever the Cardinall saied that the kyng was
hyghly displeased with it, and spake nothyng of hymselfe.
In this yere the second day of Marche were received to
London, with a great compaignie of noblemen, the byshop
of Tarbe, Frances viscount of Toraine, and master Anthony
Vescy, second president of Paris, as Ambassadors from the
Frenche kyng, and so brought through London to the Tailers
hal and there lodged, and afterward were conveighed to
Grenewiche

THE XVIII.
YERE
[1526-27]

A plaie at
Grayes inne.

Ambassadorsfrom the
Frenche kyag.

8o

King Henry the VIII.

THE XVIII.
YERE
[1526-27]
A Justes.

Grene wiche to the kyng, where thei were right hartely enter
teined, and after their letters red and their requestes hard,
they departed for a season to London.
On shrovete wesdaie, the kyng himself in a newe harnes
all gilte, of a strange fashion that had not bene sene, and
with hym eight gentelmen al in cloth of golde of one suite,
embrodered with knottes of sylver, and the Marques of
Excester, and eight with hym in blewe velvet and white
saten, lyke the waves of the sea, these men of armes came
to the tilte, and there ran many freshe courses, till two
hundred and lxxxvi. speres were broken, and then they
disarmed and went to the quenes chamber, where for them
was provided a costly banket.
The Frenche ambassadours having their recourse to the
kyng and his counsail, muche laboured to have in mariage
the Lady Mary daughter to the kyng, and after long coun-
sailyng, that matter was put in suspence because the president
of Paris, doubted whether the mariage betwene the kyng and
her mother, beyng his brothers wyfe were good or no : of
this first motion grewe muche busines or it were ended, as
you shall here, afterward. The common people repugned
sore against that demaunde, for they said that she was heire
apparant to her father, and if she should die, they would
have no Frencheman to be kyng of Englande, and thus the
common people spake, as their myndes served them.
While the Frenche Ambassadours laie thus in London, it
happened one evening as they were comming from the blacke
Friers, from supper to the Tailers hall, two boyes were in a
gutter castyng doune rubbishe, whiche the raine had driven
there, and unwar hit a lackay belongyng to the viscount of
Tourain, and hurt hym nothyng, for scantly touched it his
cote, but the Frenche lordes toke the matter highly, as a
thyng done in dispite and sent worde to the Cardinall, whiche
beyng to hastie of credence, sent for sir Thomas Seimer
knight, lord Maior of the citie, and in all hast commaunded
hym upon his allegeance, to take the husband, wyfe,
chyldren and servauntes of the house, and theim to emprison,
tyll he knewe farther of the kynges pleasure, and that the
ii. boyes apprentices should be sent to the Tower, whiche
commaundement was accomplished without any favour :
For the man and his wife, and servauntes, wer kept in the
Counter till the syxt daye of Maie, whiche was six wekes ful,

King Henry the VIII.

81

ful, and their neighbours of gendenes kepte their house
in the meane tyme, and one of the apprentices died in the
tower, and the other was almost lame : of the crueltie of
the Cardinall, and of the pride of the Frenchemen, muche
people spake, and would have bene revenged on the Frenche
men, if wysemen in the citie had not appeased it with faire
wordes. On the xiiii. daie of Marche wer conveighed from London
to Grenewiche, by therle of Rudande and other, the lord
Gabliel de Salamanka Erie of Ottonbrough, Jhon Burgrave
of Silverberge, and Jhon Faber a famous clerke after byshop
of Vien, as Ambassadors from Don-Fernando, brother to
the Emperor, newly elected kyng of Hungary and Beame,
after the death of his brother in lawe kyng Lewes, whiche
was slain by the turke the last Sommer, as you have hard
before : this compaignie was welcomed of the high Officers,
and after brought into the kynges presence, all the nobilitie
beyng present, and therafter great reverence made, the saied
Clerke Master Faber made a notable Oracion, takyng his
ground of the Gospell, Exiit seminare semen suum, and of
that he declared how Christe and his disciples went furthe
to sowe, and how their sede was good that fell into the good
ground, and brought furth good fruite, whiche was the
Christenfaithe : and then he declared how contrary to that
sowyng, Machomete had sowen seede, whiche brought furthe
the evill sede, and shewed from the beginning, how the
Turke have encresed in power, what realmes they had
conquered, what people they had subdued even to that daie :
he declared farther what actes the great Turk then livyng
had done, and in especial he noted the gettyng of Belgrade,
and of the Rhodes, and the slaiyng of the kyng of Hungary,
to the great rebuke (as he said) of al the kynges christened :
he set furth also what power the Turke had, what diversities
of compaignies, what armure, what capitaines he had so
that he thought, that without a marveilous greate nomber
of people, he could not be overthrowen : Wherfore he moste
humbly beseched the kyng, as sainct Georges Knight, and
defender of the faithe, to assist the kyng his Master, in
that Godly warre and verteous purpose. To this oracion
the kyng, by the mouthe of sir Thomas More answered,
that muche he lamented the losse that happened in Hongarie,
and if it were not for the warres, whiche were betwene the

n.

THE XVIII.
YERE
[1526-27]

Ambassadorsfrom the
Kyng of
Hongerie.

An Oracion
made by
MasterFaber.

The
answere.

VOL. II.

82

King Henry the VIII.

THE XVIII.
YERE
[1526-27]

Themperorsletter to the
Frenche kyng.

ii. great princes, he thought that the Turke would not
have enterprysed that acte, wherfore he with all his studie
would take pain, first, to set an unitie and peace throughout
all Christendome, and after that he bothe with money and
men, would be ready to helpe toward that glorious warre,
asmuche as any other prince in Christendom. After this
done the Ambassadours were well cherished, and diverse
tymes resorted to the Courte, and had greate chere and
good rewardes, and so the third daie of Maie next ensuyng,
they toke their leave and departed homeward.
This season the fame went, that themperor had written
to the French kyng, admonishyng hym to regarde his othe
and promes toward God, and his honor and fame toward
the worlde, allegyng that if he kept his promise towarde
hym, that he should fynde hym suche a frende, that all
Fraunce should rejoyse of it, and if he would not kepe his
former promes, which he made and sware at Madrill, he toke
God to witnesse, that he would never leave the warre, til fire
and sworde had brought hym to accomplishe his promes, er
els to drive hym out of his realme and dominions wyth
strength and puissaunce, whiche letter the Frenche kyng
nothyng regarded saiyng that the Emperoure the nexte yere
shoulde have warre inough.
The fame went and letters came to London, that the
Emperours army in Italy the xii. day of April had met
with the Venicians as they were goyng homeward, and that
betwene them there was a cruell fyght and by fyne force
the Venicians were put to flight, and no marvel as the
Venicians aunswere, for they say that by cause there was a
peace concluded for sixe monethes betwene the byshop of
Rome, and Hugo Demountcado, and that the viceroy of
Naples was come to Rome to confirme thesame truce,
therfore thei sent their ordinaunce and harnes and loked
for no warre, but onely taried together till they were
paied there wages, and so unprovided they were set on
and overcome.
In the ende of this yere the people were sore troubled
with povertie for the great paymentes of money that were
past, and also in wynter in the seade season fell suche
abundans of rayne in Septembre, Novembre and Decembre,
and on the xvi. day of Janiver fell suche a greate rayne
that thereof ensued greate fluddes whiche destroied corne,
fieldes,

King Henry the VIII.

83

fieldes, and pastures : and drouned many shepe and
beastes : then was it dry tyll the xii. day of Aprill and
from thence it rayned every daie or nyght tyll the third
day of June, and in May it rayned xxx. houres continually
wythout ceasyng whiche caused greate fluddes and did
muche harme, so that corne sore fayled the next yere as
you shall perceive hereafter.

THE XIX. YERE.
THIS tyme a bil was set up in London much contrary
to the honor of the Cardinall, in the whiche the
Cardinall was warned that he should not counsaile
the king to mary his daughter in to Fraunce, for if he did,
he should shewe hymselfe enemy to the kyng and the
Realme, with many threatenyng wordes : this byl was
delivered to the Cardinal by sir Thomas Seymer Maior
of the citie, whiche thanked hym for the same, and made
muche serche for the author of that bill, but he coulde
not be founde, whiche sore displeased the Cardinal, and
upon this occasion the last day of April at night he caused
a great watche to be kept at Westminster and had there
cart gonnes ready charged and caused diverse watches to be
kept about London in Newington, s. Jones strete, West
minster, s. Gyles, Iseldon, and other places nere London,
whiche watches were kept by gentelmen and their ser
vauntes, with householders and all for feare of the Lon
doners because of this bill. When the citezens knew of
this, they said that they marveiled why the Cardinal hated
them so for they saied that if he mistrusted them, he loved
not them, and where love is not, there is hatred, and they
affirmed that they never entended no harme toward him,
and mused of this chaunce, for if v. or vi. lewde persons had
made Alarme in the citie, then had entred all these watche-
men with there traine whiche might have spoiled the citie
without cause, wherfore they muche murmured against the
Cardinall and his undiscrete doinges.
Sonday the fyft daye of Maye was a solempne Masse
songe at Grenewyche the Cardinall and the Archebyshop of
Canterbury with x. prelates mitered beyng present, and there
the Frenche Ambassadours, in the name of the Frenche kyng

THE XVIII.
YERE
[1526-27]

8+

King Henry the VIII.

THE XIX.
YERE
[1527-28]

kyng there Master, sware to observe the peace and league
concluded betwene them for the terme of two princes lives,
and there openly the byshop of Terby gave to the kyng
hartie thankes for the great favor he shewed to the kyng
his master, in the tyme of his visitation (as he called it) that
is to wete when he was in prison, for he said the kyng by
his mercy had conquered the whole hartes of the realme,
which he could not do by strength, the Ambassadours also
desired as you have harde, the mariage of the lady Mary for
the duke of Orleance ii. sonne to the Frenche kyng. Some
said she was mete for hymselfe : but many a man marveiled
why she was denayed for the second sonne, seyng that in the
x. yere of this kyng it was concluded that she should mary
the Dolphyn being the first sonne : but this demaund was
not concluded nor aunswered but deferred because of her
tendre age, til another time. For the more enterteinyng
of the Frenche Ambassadours the kyng caused a solempne
Justes to be done by sir Nicholas Carew, sir Robert
Jernyngham, syr Anthony Broune, and Nicholas Harvy,
the valiaunt esquier as chalengers : whiche were apareled
in bases and bardes al of one suite, the right side was riche
tyssue embaudered with a compasse or roundell of blacke
velvet and in the compas a right hand holding a sworde,
and about the sworde were pennes and peces of money
of diverse coynes, all embrawdered, under the hand was
embrawdered Loialte, and on that side of the bard was
written in embraudery, By pen, pain nor treasure, truth shall
not be violated. The other side of the bases and bardes
were of clothe of golde and cloth of sylver. When these
foure chalengers were tome to the tilt, then entered the
Marques of Excester and xiii. with hym al armed and barded
and based of one suit : that is to saie, the right sides cloth
of golde cut in cloudes engrayled with damaske gold, the
other side cloth of sylver set with mountaynes full of
Olyve braunches, made of gold all movyng. These men
of armes ranne many a faire course with littell missyng,
for within twoo houres and a halfe, notwithstandyng that
it rayned apace, they brake iii. hundreth speres at the
least, and when nyght approched they disarmed and went
to the courte.
The kyng against that: night had caused a banket house
to bee made on the one syde of the tylt yarde at Grene- wyche

King Henry the VIII.

85

wyche of an hundreth foote of length and xxx. foote bredth,
the roofe was purple cloth full of roses and Pomgarnettes,
the wyndowes, were al clere stories with currious monneles
strangely wrought, the Jawe peces and crestes were karved
with Vinettes and trailes of savage worke, and richely gilted
with gold and Byse, thys woorke corbolyng bare the candle-
styckes of antyke woorke whiche bare litle torchettes of white
waxe, these candelstickes were polished lyke Aumbre : at the
one syde was a haute place for herawldes and minstrelles : this
house was richely hanged and therin was raised a cupbord
of seven stages high and xiii. foote long, set with standyng
cuppes Bolles, Flaggons and greate pottes all of fyne golde :
some garnyshed with one stone and some with other stones
and perles, on the other side was a nother cupbord of ix.
stages high, set full of high pottes flagons and bolles, all
was massy plate of silver and gilte, so high and so brode
that it was marvaile to beholde : at the nether ende were
twoo broade arches upon thre Antike pillers iall of gold
burnished swaged and graven full of Gargills and Serpentes,
supportyng the edifices the Arches were vawted with
Armorie, al of Bice and golde, and above the Arches were
made many sondri Antikes and divises : In this chamber
was thre ewry bordes, one for the kynge, another for the
quene, and the third for the princes : the fyrst bourde had
ix. greate ewers, and basins all gilt, and playne, the seconde
bourde had seaven greate gilt basins chased, and thre paire
of covered basyns, chased all gilt with Cuppes of assaie,
they were so greate that every Lorde grudged to beare
theim, the third ewery had ix. basins and two payre of
coveryd Basines and cuppes of assaie, thys ewery was all
of gold, and the Basins were so massye that thei troubled
sore the bearers : The hole supper was served in vessel of
gold : to reherse the fare, the straungenes of dishes, wyth
devises of beastes and fowles it were to long, wherefore I
will let passe over the supper with songes and minstrelsie.
When supper was done, the kyng, the quene and the
ambassadors washed, and after talked at their pleasure
and then thei rose and went out of the banket chambre bi
the forsaied Arches, and when they were betwene the
uttermoste dore and the Arches the kyng caused them to
turne backe and loke on that syde of the Arches, and there
they sawe how Tyrwin was beseged, and the very maner of
every

THE xix.
YERE
[1527-28]

86

King Henry the VIII.

THE XIX.
YERE
[1527-28]

An Oracion.

every mans camp, very connyngly wrought, whiche woorke
more pleased them then the remembryng of the thyng in
dede. From thens they passed by a long galerie richely
hanged into a chambre faire and large, the dores whereof
was made with masonrie, embatailed with Jasper, and within
that a porche with a tipe, and crokettes gilt, thys chambre
was raised with stages v. degrees on every syde, and rayled
and countrerailed borne by pillars of Azure, full of starres
and flower delice of gold, every pillar had at the toppe a
basin silver, wherein stode greate braunches of white waxe,
the degrees wer al of Marble couler, and the railes like
white marble : in the middest of this Chamber, was a gate,
the Arches whereof stretched from side to side, this Arche
was figured masonrie on water tables with haunses receivyng
pillers wrapped, beyng Dormants Antike, and over the gate
stode the pictures of Hercules, Scipio, Julius, Pompei, and
such other conquererours, the ventes and embowes wer of
very strange worke, with leaves, balles, and other garnish-
inges, al gold, and in the hole arche was nothing but fine
Bice and gold, ; the rofe of thys chambre was conningly
made by the kynges Astronimer, for on the grounde of the
rofe, was made the hole earth envirded with the Sea, like a
very Mappe or Carte, and by a conning makyng of a
nother cloth, the zodiacke with the xii. Signes, and the five
circles or girdelles and the two poles apered on the earth and
water compassyng the same, and in the zodiak were the
twelve signes, curiously made, and above this were made
the seven pianettes, as Mars, Jupiter, Sol, Mercurius, Venus,
Saturnus, and Luna, every one in their proper houses, made
according to their properties, that it was a conhyng thing and
a pleasant fyght to beholde.
When the kyng and the quene, were set under their
clothes of estate which were rich and goodly, and the
ambassadours set on the righte side of the chambre, then
entred a person clothed in cloth of golde, and over that a
mantell of blew silke, ful of eyes of golde, and over his head
a cap of gold, with a garland of Laurell set with beries of
fyne gold, this person made a solempne Oracion, in the
Latin tongue, declaring what Joye was to the people of
both the realmes of England and Fraunce, to here and
knowe the great love, league, and amitie, that was betwene
the two kynges of the same Realmes, gevyng greate prayse to

King Henry the VIII.

87

to the kyng of England for graunting of peace, and also to
the Frenche kyng for suyng, for the same, and also to the
Cardinal for beyng a mediator in the same : and when he
had doen, then entred eight of the kinges Chappel with a
song and brought with theim one richly appareled : and in
likewyse at the other side, entred eight other of the saied
Chappel bringyng with theim a nother persone likewise
appareled, these two persones plaied a dialog theffect
wherof was whether riches were better then love, and when
they could not agre upon a conclusion, eche called in thre
knightes, all armed, thre of theim woulde have entred the
gate of the Arche in the middel of the chambre, and the
other iii. resisted, and sodenly betwene the six knightes, out
of the Arche fell doune a bar all gilte, at the whiche barre the
six knightes fought a fair battail, and then thei were departed,
and so went out of the place : then came in an olde man with
a silver berd, and he concluded that love and riches, both be
necessarie for princes (that is to saie) by love to be obeied
and served, and with riches to rewarde his lovers and
frendes, and with this conclusion the dialogue ended.
Then at the nether ende, by lettyng doune of a courtaine,
apered a goodly mount, walled with towers and vamures al
gilt, with all thinges necessarie for a fortresse, and all the
mount was set full of Christall coralles, and rich rockes of
rubie curiously conterfaited and full of roses and pom-
granates as though they grewe : on this rocke sat eight
Lordes appareled in cloth of Tissue and silver cut in quater
foyles, the gold engrailed with silver, and the silver with
gold, al loose on white satin, and on their heddes cappes of
blacke velvet set with perle and stone, they had also mantelles
of blake saten : and then they sodenly descended from the
mounte and toke ladyes, and daunced divers daunces.
Then out of a cave issued out the ladie Mary doughter to
the kyng and with her seven ladies, all appareled after the
romayne fashion in riche cloth of gold of tissue and Crimosin
tinsel bendy and their heres wrapped in calles of golde with
bonetes of Crimosin velvet on their heddes, set full of pearle
and stone : these eight Ladies daunced with the eight Lordes
of the mount, and as thei daunced, sodenly entred sixe
personages, appareled in cloth of silver and blacke tinsell
satin, and whodes on there heddes with tippetes of cloth of
gold, there garmentes were long after the fashion of Iseland, and

THE XIX.
YERE
[1527-28]

A dialogue.

The fight at
barriars.

A rich
mount.

Maskers.

88

King Henry the VIII.

THE XIX.
YERE
[1527-28]

and these persones had visers with sylver berdes, so that they
were not knowne : these Maskers tooke Ladies and daunced
lustly about the place.
Then sodenly the kyng and the viscount of Torayne were
conveighed out of the place into a chambre thereby, and
there quicklie they ii. and six other in maskyng apparell of
cloth of gold and purple tinsell sattin, greate, long, and
large, after the Venicians fashion and over them great robes,
and there faces were visard with beardes of gold : then with
minstrelsie these viii. noble personages entred and daunced
long with the ladies, and when they had daunced there fyll,
then the quene plucked of the kynges visar, and so did the
Ladies the visars of the other Lordes, and then all were
knowen : then the kyng gave to the viscount of Torayn, the
maskyng apparel that the kyng hym self ware and also the
apparel that the viscount hymself masked in, which were
very riche, for the which he thanked hym.
Then the kyng quene and the ambassadours, returned to
the banket chamber, where thei found a banket ready set on
the borde, of so many and marveilous dishes, that it was
wonder to se, then the kyng sat doune and there was joy,
myrth and melody : and after that all was doen the kyng
and all other went to rest, for the night was spent, and the
day even at the breakyng.
The morowe after the ambassadours toke there leave of
the kyng, and had greate rewardes geven them and so came
to London, and ther rested two dayes and so departed in
hast homeward.
These two houses with Cupbordes, hanginges and all other
thinges the kyng commaunded should stand still, for thre or
foure daies, that al honest persones might see and beholde
the houses and riches, and thether came a great nombre of
people, to see and behold the riches and costely devices.
After that the ambassadours of Fraunce were departed the
kyng sent an other ambassade into Fraunce (that is to say)
Sir Thomas Boleyne knight, viscount of Rochforth, and Sir
Anthony Broune knight, which came to Paris to the bishop
of Bathe, whiche lay in Fraunce as ambassadour for the kyng
of England, and then these thre went to the court and saw the
Frenche kyng in persone swere to kepe the league and amitie
concluded betwene hym and the kyng of Englande, and there
they had greate chere and maskes shewed unto them, but
litle

King Henry the VIII.

89

lide rewardes were geven, and so the viscount Rochforth
retorned into England, and so did the bishop of Bathe
shortly after, leavyng sir Anthony Broune behind for a ligier.
In this moneth of Maie the x. day the kyng sent sir
Fraunces Poynes knight, as ambassadour from the kyng of
England, to Charles themperor and with him he sent
Clarenseaux, kyng of armes, to demaund the one halfe of
the treasure and ordinaunce which was taken at Pavia, for
so much as that war was made as well at the kynges charge,
as at themperors charge : he demaunded also the duke of
Orleaunce, to be ddivered to him, and also it was demaunded
that themperour should deliver the bishop of Rome which
was taken this moneth as you shall here, and also should
bring his armie out of Italy, and if he refused to do any
of these poynctes, then Clarenseaux in the kynges name of
Englande should make to him defiaunce.
When it was knowen that warr was like to be betwene
the Emperour and the kyng of England, the commons of
Englande sore lamentyd the chaunce, for all marchandise
were restrayned to passe in to any of themperours domi
nions, and the marchauntes wer desired by the Cardinall
to kepe ther martes at Caleis, to the which in nowise thei
would assent.
This same moneth the kyng sent two fayre shippes, well
manned and vitailed, having in theim divers conning men,
to seke strange regions : and so furth thei set, out of the
Thamis, the twentie day of May, if they sped well you shall
here at their retorne.
The xxii. day of May cam in post to the kyng out of
Fraunce the bishop of Tarbie, whiche was here in the
beginnyng of this moneth, this bishop brought to the
kyng of England, the articles which the Frenche kyng
now offered to the Emperour, which wer contrarie to the
articles sworne at Madryll in the xvii. yere of the kyng,
and farther he moved the kyng of Englande to be enemy to
themperour, which request (as all men say) was muche
furtherd by the Cardinall, because of the warre in Italie,
betwene the Pope and themperour : this bishop made short
tariyng with the kyng, for in post a gaine he returned to
Paris, to sir Frances Poynes, and Clarenseaux, whiche
taried ther for him, and so they all toke ther Jornay
toward Spayne.

Now

THE XIX.
YERE
[1527-28]
An ambassad
sent to
themperour.

Shippes sent
to seke
straung Regions.

VOL. II.

M

9°

King Henry the VIII.

THE XIX.
YERE
[1527-28]

Now will I retorne to the duke of Burbon, and
themperours armie, which al the last winter lived in great
povertie, without clothes, victaile or wages, so that they
were in maner desperat, and so went toward Parme and
Bononie, belongyng to the Sea of Rome. The bishop of
Rome hearyng this sent a messenger to the duke to redeme
the Popes townes, so that they shoulde not be spoyled nor
hurte : the duke and the capitaine axed thre hundreth and
fiftie thowsand Ducates, for savyng of the Popes land, and
if thei might have so much money, thei would depart to
Napels : but when thei sawe that thei coulde have no
money, they with all spede turned toward Florence the
xxii. of Aprill, whereof hearyng the Romaines thei wer
glad, for thei thought that the Florentines would hold
good war with them, and than the Pope and the Romaines
woulde geve the lokyng on : but the chaunse turned, as you
shall here after.
For a suertie the duke of Burbon thought to have gon to
Florence for this cause, for ther was a gentleman in Florence
called Peter de salviata which had a brother that served
themperor in his warres, whiche promised to deliver the
citie, for he determined to cause the commons to rebell in
the citie against the heddes, and in the meane season the
dukes company shoulde scale the walles : when this Peter
knew that themperours Armye was come to a place called
Le Chase, within twelve myle of the Citie, to bryng his pur
pose to a conclusyon, he with suche as he had trayned to
him, cryed in the Citie libertate de populo, that is in English
Libertie of the people : with which voyce the people styrred
and came to the Palace in great nomber, and there they tooke
the vi. Lordes of the counsell which had the rule of the
Publyke welthe of the Citie (as they call it) and slew one of
them : The Familie of Medices, whiche wer the Popes
kynred, were at this tyme sore a fraied. Thus this Peter de
Salviota, with the Commons gate the Palace and rang the
commen bell. In this season was in Florence a Capitayn
of the Frenche kynges called Frederico de Bodsoo, he had
with hym iii.C. men : and when he saw this rebellyon, he
came to the Commons and sayde : Syrs, if you continew in
this case, your fayre Citie is lyke to be subverted, for your
enemyes be at hande : which notwithstandynge that you
beare some favoure to themperour as appeareth, yet their
needinesse

King Henry the VIII.

needinesse and povertie is soch, that without mercy thei
wyll robbe, murder and sley you, your wyfes and chyldren,
and sette fyer on your beautifull Citie.
This Capitayne moche steyed the Citie, notwithstandyng
that xx. or more persones were sleyne in the ruffle, yet they
were well avoyded, and sodeynly entered into the Citie the
Duke of Urbyne, whiche lay but vi. myle from Florence,
and xviii. myle from themperours armye whom he had
coasted, but he thought no advantage to medle. This
Duke brought with hym v.M. footemen, and vi.C.
horsemen, and when he was entered the Citie, a crye was
made that all thinges was pardoned, so that every man
departed home and delyvered his weapon, whiche was
dooen : and thus the Citie was appeased, the xxviii. day
of Apryll.
All this doyng within the Citie was unknowne to
themperours armye, for it was begonne and ended in iiii.
or v. houres, and so for lacke of knowledge, this enterprise
was lost, whiche was happye for the Florentynes. Sore dis
pleased were themperours Capitaynes when they knewe of
this chaunce, and also how the Duke of Urbyne was entered
into the Citie of Florence for their defence, but they coulde
not doo with all. And so shortly thei departed and came to
the Citie of Seynes xxx. myle of and there they lost their
great ordinaunce, and tooke counsel! to go to Rome (not-
withstandynge the trewce concluded betwene the Pope and
the Viceroy of Napels, and Hugo de Moncada, as you have
hearde) and so moche they traveyled by nyghtes and dayes,
commenly passyng xl. myle, day and nyght (Their good wyll
was suche) that the vi. daye of Maie, with banners displayed,
they came before the Citie of Rome beynge saturdaye the
same day : and sonday the Romaynes made Bulwarkes,
Rampiers, and other defences, and layde ordynaunce on the
walles, and shot at them without fearcely.
The Duke of Burbon determyned that it were not best to
lye styll without, and be slayne with ordinaunce, consideryng
that they were all naked people, and without great ordinaunce :
wherfore he determined to take the chaunce and to geve
the assaute, and so manfully they approched the walles be
twene the Burgo novo and olde Rome. But the Romayns
valiaundy defended them with handgunnes, pykes, stones,
and other weapons, so that the enemyes were fayne to
retreyte.

91

THE XIX.
YERE
[1527-28]

Rome
assauted.

92

King Henry the VIII.

THE XIX.
YERE
[1527-28]

The Duke of
Burbon
sleyn.

Curse of the
Pope.

retreyte. Then the Romaynes were glad, and sette many
faire banners on their Towers and Bulwarkes, and made
great showtes : Whiche seeynge the Duke of Burbon cryed
to a new assaute. Then the Drumslades blew, and every
man with a ladder mounted : and at the fyrst encounter,
agayn the Romayns put them a litell backe : Which per
ceivyng, the duke of Burbon cryed : God and themperour.
Then every man manfully sette on, there was a sore fyght,
many an arrow shot, and many a man felled : but at the
last the Emperours men gotte the wall : and betwene every
assaute fell a myst, so that they within coulde not see what
parte they without would assayle, which was profitable to
themperours partie : At the three assautes were sleyne iii.C.
Swyshes of the Popes Garde. In this last assaute was the
Duke of Burbon stryken in the thygh with a handgonne, of
the whiche he shortly dyed in a chapell of s. Syst, whyther
his Souldiers had brought hym. And this chaunce not-
withstandynge, the Armye entered into Rome, and toke the
Popes Palace and set up themperours Armes. The same
daye that these three assautes were made, Pope Clement
passed lytell on the Emperours Armye : for he had accursed
theim on the Saturday before, and in his curse he called the
Almaynes Lutheranes, and the Spaniards Murreynes or
mores : and when he was hearyng of masse, sodeinly the
Almaynes entered the Churche, and slew his Garde and
dyverse other. He seeyng that, fled in all haste by a
prevye way to the Castell s. Angell: and al they that
folowed hym that way and coulde not entre, were sleyne, and
yf he in that fury had ben taken, he had ben sleyne. The
Cardinals and other prelates fled to the castel of s. Angel,
over the bridge, where many of the commen people were
overpressed and drowned as they gave way to the Cardinalles
and other estates that passed towarde the castell for succour.
The Cardinall of Senes, of Sesaryne, of Tudertine, of
Jacobace and of the Valle, taryed so long, that they coulde
not get to the castell for multitude of people : wherfore they
were compelled to take a nother house, called the Palace of s.
George, where they kepte theym selfe for a whyle, as secretely
as they might. You must understand, that thorough the
Citie of Rome, ronneth a famouse Ryver, called Tyber :
and on the one syde of the Ryver standeth the Castell s.
Angell, or the Borough of s. Angell : and the other side is
called

King Henry the VIII.

93

called Burgo Novo, or the New Borough. This Bridge is
called, the Brydge of Syxte, whiche lyeth directly before the
Castell. At the ende of this Brydge was a wonderous strong
Bulwarke, well Ordinaunced and well manned. The
Emperours men saw that they coulde do nothynge to the
Pope nor to that porte of the Citie but by the bridge,
determyned to assaute the Bulwarke : and so as men with
out feare, came on the bridge : and the Romayns so well
defended them, that they slew almost iiii.M. men. That
seyng the Prince of Orenge, and the Marques of Gnasto,
with all spede gave assaute, and notwithstandyng that the
Romaynes shot great ordinaunces, handgonnes quarrels,
and all that might be shot: yet the Imperiall persones
never shranke, but manly entered the Bulwarke and slew
and threw downe out at the loupes all the Romains that
they found, and after rased the bulwarke to the grounde.
The Pope was in the Castell Angell and behelde this fyght,
and with him were xxiii. Cardinalles, of whiche one
called the Cardinall Sanctorum quatuor, or the Cardinall
of Pouche was slayne, and with hym were a M. Prelates
and Priestes, v.C. gendemen, v.C. souldyers: wherfore
immediady the Capitayns determined to ley Siege to the
Castell of Angell, lest they within might issue out and
turne theym to dammage : wherfore sodeinly a Siege was
planted rounde about the Castell. f In the meane season the
souldyers fell to spoyle, never was Rome so pylled neither
of the Gotes, nor Vandales, for the souldiers were not con
tent with the spoyle of the Citizens, but they robbed the
Churches, brake up the houses of close religious persones,
and overthrew the cloysters and spoyled virgins, and
ravyshed maryed women : Men wer tormented if they
had not to geve every new asker or demaunder : some
wer strangeled, some wer punyshed by the pryvey members,
to cause them to confesse their treasure. This woodnesse
continued a great whyle, and some man myght thynke that
when they had gotten so moche, then they would ceasse and
be quyet, but that was not so, for they played continually at
dyce, some v.C. some a M. ducates at a cast : and he that
came to play laden with plate, went away again almost naked,
and then fel to ryfelyng agayne. Many of the Citizens
whiche coulde not paciently suffre that vexation, drowned
themselves in Tiber : The souldiers daily that ley at the
siege,

THE XIX.
YERE
[1527-28]

Rome
spoiled.

94

King Henry the VIII.

THE XIX.
YERE
[1527-28]

siege, made Jestes of the Pope, sometyme they had one
ridynge lyke the Pope with a whore behynde hym, some
tyme he blessed, and sometyme he cursed, and sometyme
they woulde with one voyce call him Antechrist. And they
went about to undermynde the Castell, and to have throwen
it downe on his head, but the water that environeth the
castell disapoynted their purpose. In this season the Duke
of Urbyne with xv.M. men came to ayde the Pope : but
hearyng that Rome was taken he taried xl. myle from Rome
tyl he heard other word. The Marques of Saluce, and sir
Frederico de Bodso with xv.M. footemen and a M. horse
men wer at Vitarbe the x. day of Maye. Where thei hering
that the citie of Rome was taken also taried : the Cardinal
of Colume came with an army of Neapolitans to helpe
themperours men : but when he saw the crueltie of the
souldiers, he dyd lytle to helpe them, but he hated them
moch. The bishop of Rome was thus besieged tyl the viii. ides of
Juli, at which day he yelded him selfe for necessitie and
penury of al thinges in the castell. And then he was
restored to geve Graces and graunte Bulles as he dyd
before : but he taryed styll in the Castell saynt Angell, and
had a great nombre of Almaynes and Spanyardes to keepe
hym : But the Spanyardes bare most rule in the Castell, for
no man entered nor came out of the Castell but by theim.
When the moneth of July came, corne began to fayle in
Rome, and the pestilence beganne to waxe strong : wherfore
the great Army removed to a place called Narvya, xl. mile
from Rome, leavyng behynde them suche as kepte the
bysshop of Rome.
When they were departed, the Spanyardes never were
contented tyll they had gotten the Almaynes out of the
Castell of s. Angell, and so they had the whole custodye of
the Pope. Thus Rome continued in peace tyll Septembre,
tyll the Armye came agayne from Narvya : for then the
Almanyes sware, that they woulde set the Citie and all on
fyer, excepte the Pope woulde pay them their full wages.
The bisshop of Rome was sumwhat astonyed, and sent to
commen with them, onely two Archebisshops and two
Bysshops and two Gendemen : These syxe persones, the
Almayns tooke as pledges, contrarye to the Popes meanyng,
and sayde they would keepe them there tyll they were
payed,

King Henry the VIII.

95

payed, and so to put them in a strong chaumbre, in the
Palace of s. George : and every day almost they woulde
bryng them furth openly, and scolde and chyde with theim,
and make them beleve that they woulde hang them if they
were not payed. And so they kepte them emprisoned in a
chaumbre and xxiiii. watched every nyght without the
chaumbre dore, and xiiii. all day lykewyse : and yet for all
that watche, they got out at a chymney, on saynte Andrewes
eve, and were no more seene of theim.
This escape was sooner knowen of the Spanyardes that
kepte the Pope, then of the Almaynes that watched the dore.
The Almaynes were so woode with this chaunce, that thei
came to the Prince of Orenge their generall Capitayne, and
demaunded money of hym, in suche rigoriouse manier, that
he was fayne secretely to flee to Senes : and then for hym
they chose Capitayne, the Marques of Gnasto, whiche
governed theim tyll February, that he brought theim to
Napels. Aboute the xxviii. daye of Maye, there were letters
brought to the Kyng of Englande from the Frenche kyng,
of parte of this troble : but sonday, the second day of June,
the Kyng receyved letters at the Castel of Wyndsore, by the
whiche he perceyved all the ordre and manier of the sackyng
of Rome, and taking of the Pope, in manier and forme as you
have hearde : Wherfore the Kyng was sorye, and so were
many Prelates : but the Comminaltie lytle mourned for it,
and sayde that the Pope was a ruffyan, and was not meete
for the roume : wherfore they sayde that he beganne the
myschief, and so he was well served. But the Cardynall
which tooke this matter highly, called to hym the Prelates
and the Clergy, and muche mourned the fall of the bysshop
of Rome, and saw how the people grudged agaynste the
Spiritualtie, for their greate Pride, Pompe, and yll lyvyng :
Wherfore he came to the Kyng, and sayde: Sir by the
onely callyng of God, you be made Defendor of the
Christian faith : Nowe consydre in what state the Churche
of Christe standeth : See howe the head of the Churche of
Rome is in captivitie : See how the holy fathers be brought
into thraldome, and be without comfort : now shewe your
selfe an aide, a defendour of the Church, and god shall
reward you.
The kyng answered, my Lorde, I more lament this evell
chaunce

the xix.
YERE
[1527-28]

An Escape.

96

King Henry the VIII.

THE XIX.
YERE
[1527-28]
The kynges
answer.

The threasor
gathered.

praier and
fastyng.

chaunce then my toungue can tell, but where you say that I
am defendor of the faith, I assure you, that this war betwene
the Emperor and the Pope, is not for the faith but for
temporal possessions and dominions, and now sith bishop
Clement is taken by men of war, what should I doo ? my
person nor my people cannot him reskue, but if my
treasure may help him, take that which to you semeth
most convenient : for the which offer the Cardinall thanked
the kyng on his knee, and there uppon the Cardinall caused
to be gathered together of the kynges treasure xii. score
thousande pounde, which he caried over the Sea with him,
as you shal heare after.
Then the Cardinal sent commissions, as legate to al
bishoppes, commaundyng that they should cause in every
parish Churche, solempne processions to be made for the
relevyng of the Pope, and moved the people to fast iii. daies
in the weke, but few men fasted, for the priestes saied, that
their commaundement was, to exhorte the lay people to fast
and not to fast them selfes : and the lay people saied, that
the priestes should first fast, because the verie cause of the
fastyng, was for a priest, but none of bothe almoste fasted.
This season began a fame in London that the kinges
confessor, beyng bishop of Lyncolne, called doctor Long-
land, and diverse other great Clarkes had told the kyng
that the mariage betwene him and the Lady Katheryn,
late wife to his brother prince Arthur, was not good, but
damnable and the kyng there upon should mary the dutches
of Alanson, sister to the French kyng at the toune of Caleis
this sommer, and that the viscount Rochforth had brought
with him the picture of the saied Lady, and that at his
retorne out of Fraunce the Cardinal should passe the Sea to
go into Fraunce, to fetch her.
This rumor sprang so much, that the kyng sent for sir
Thomas Seimer maior of London and straightly charged
him to se that the people should sease of this com
municacion, upon payne of the kynges high displeasure.
But whatsoever the Commons talked, it was concluded by
the kyng and his counsaill, that the Cardinall should passe
into Fraunce, as his high ambassadour, but for what cause
no persone knewe but the king til his retorne.
Then was much preparation made at Caleis, for the
receavyng of the Cardinall, but the common saiyng was
that

King Henry the VIII.

97

that the kyng would come to Caleis and meet with the
Frenche kyng, and for that cause such preparacion was
made, but he came not there at al, and alwaies the people
commoned as they durst of the kynges mariage.
The iii. day of July, the Cardinall of Yorke, passed
thorough the citie of London, accompaigned with many
Lordes and Gentlemen, to the nombre of twelve hundreth
horse, towarde the Sea side, and at Cauntorburie he rested,
and there to the people declared the destruction of Rome,
and howe the Pope was in captivitie with many Cardinalles :
wherfore he caused a Letany to be song by the monkes of
Christes Church, after this maner, S. Maria, ora pro
Clemente papa, S. Petri ora pro Clemente papa, and so furth
al the letany : then he exhorted the people to fast and pray
for his deliveraunce which few did.
The xi. day of Maye, the Cardinall with al his traine,
toke shipping at Dover, and the same day landed at Caleis,
wher he was received with procession, and with the hole
garrison of the towne.
When the Cardinal was landed, there were set on lande
xvi. barrelles al ful of gold of the kynges money, which
wer delivered to the capitain of the castel in charge : of this
money the people muche grudged, and saied this money
shalbe spent out of the realme, and yet Englishemen shal
have no parte nor proffit of it, but only it shal be spent for
the Cardinalles pleasure and the Frenche kynges, and the
Popes proffite.
The Cardinal was so sore displeased with the Emperour
for kepyng the Pope in pryson (although it wer agaynst
his wil and knowlege) that he imagened al the wayes and
meanes possible how to hurte and dommage themperour
and therfore he sent for thenglish marchauntes, willing
them to kepe the marte at Caleys, but thei answered, that
the towne of Caleis, was a towne of warre, and al
marchauntes must have libertie at all houres of the night,
in the marte season, whiche they coulde not have at Caleis :
also the haven is not able to receive greate Hulkes, and
Carikes that come to a marte : but some merchauntes to
please the Cardinall, brought their clothes to Caleis, and so
caused ther frendes of Andwarpe to come to Caleis, and to
say, that thei had bought the marchauntes clothes, and ther
at Caleis paied the custome, and so caried them, to the towne
VOL. II.

THE XIX.
YERE
[1527-28]

TheCardinal
rideth towarde Fraunce.

A new fonde
Letany.

Barelles of
gold.

The Marte
to be kept at
Calice.

N

98

King Henry the VIII.

THE XIX.
YERE
[1527-28]

The receav-
ing of the
Cardinall to
Boleyne.

of Andwarp at thenglish mennes charge, and ther sold them
to the great losse of thenglishmen.
While the Cardinall lay in Caleis, the Frenche men daily
resorted to Calleis, to welcome the Cardinall, and sodenly
there upon a noyse sprang that Calleis should be delivered,
to the Frenche kyng, whiche vayne saiyng, made many men

muse.

But the xxii. day of Juli, the Cardinall departed oute of
Calleis, and with hym was the lorde Cuthberd Tunstal
bishop of London, the Lorde Sandes, Chamberlayn to the
kyng, the Earle of Darby, sir Henry Guildforde, sir Thomas
More, with many knightes and squyres, to the numbre of
xii. C. horse and in the cariages lxxx. Wagons, and lx.
moyles and sumpter horses and at Sandifelde, met with him
the countie Brian governour of Picardie, and Monsir de
Bees, capitaine of Bullein, with iiii. C. men of armes, well
appareiled, with banners displaied and al well horsed, which
with trumpets and melodie received the Cardinal, and at
Marguison there met hym the Cardinall of Lorayn, and vi.
bishoppes, and xl. gendemen, wel furnished, and in their
company iiii. C. horse, and so they rode furthe to Bullein
where the burgesses them received.
And at the gate was made a pageaunte in the whiche was
a Nonne called holy churche, and thre Spaniardes and thre
Almanynes had her violated, and a Cardinall her reskued,
and set her up of newe agayne.
Another Pageaunte, was a Cardinall gevyng a Paxe to the
Kyng of England and the French kyng, in token of peace, a
nother Pageant was the Pope, liyng under, and the Emperour
sittyng in his Majestie, and a Cardinall pulled downe the
Emperoure, and set up the Pope.
When wise men sawe this Pagiaunt, thei smiled and saied,
well, can the Frenche kyng flatter, for harde it were for one
Cardinall to subdue him that hath pulled downe the master
of all Cardinalles.
Many wordes wer spoken in reprove of this pageaunt, but
stil with great triumph rode these ii. Cardinalls together, to
the Abbey under a Canapie borne over them, and there
lodged. The morow beyng the thre and twentie day he with al his
traine removed toward Muttrel, and ii. mile without the
towne ther met with him the bailies, ther to him was made

King Henry the VIII.

99

a solempne oracion, and when he came to the towne he was
received with the Clergie, and ther the Englishmen had
strayt lodging, the nombre was so great, and so the
morowe he removed toward Abbevil wher he was received
of the Baylife and advocates of the towne, and then of the
garison of men of warre of the towne, and there was he
received with procession, and Pageauntes to his praise under
a Canapie, and so brought to the Church, and after to his
lodging, and al the Canapies were set with T C for Thomas
Cardinal, and so were all his servauntes cotes.
The third day of August in the Citie of Amias, came the
Frenche kyng in a cote of blacke Velvet upon white Satin,
and tied with laces agglated with golde, and with him, the
kyng of Naver, and the Cardinall of Burbon, the greate
master, the Duke of Vandosme, Monsir de Guise, and
Monsir Vaudemount his brother, and the Frenche kynges
mother, with many Lordes and Ladies, which were there
solemplie received.
And on Sonday the iiii. daie of August, the Cardinal came
from Pickqueny toward Amias, in which towne he lay the
night before, and in the way he was received with the provost
of the Citie, and many honorable personages of the citie, and
after them came the Justices and advocates and with an
eloquent oracion saluted him, and when he was with in halfe
a myle of the towne, the Frenche kyng hym selfe with all his
Nobles mette with him, and lovinglie embraced him, and
welcommed hym and after toke all the Nobles of England,
by the hand, and so brought the saied Cardinall to Amias :
where for hym were devysed many Pagiauntes, to his prayse,
and ever he was called Cardinalis pacificus the Cardinall
pacifique, and so was writen at the gate of his lodging.
The Frenche kyng brought the Cardinal to his lodgyng,
and he would have brought the kyng to his Courte agayne,
but he would in nowise suffre him, but left him in his
lodgyng, and the same night the Cardinall rode to visit the
Frenche kynges mother, and there he had long communicacion
and so departed to his lodgyng.
The v. day of August the Cardinall with the great estates
of Fraunce was conveighed to the ffrenche kynges Courte,
where he was received of the Frenche kynges garde, and in
the first Chambre he was received of Knightes and gende-
men, In the secound Chambre, of Earls Barons and bishoppes. In

THE XIX.
YERE
[1527-28]

ioo King Henry the VIII.

THE XIX.
YERE
[1527-28]

In the third of Ladies, in which chambre the kynge lay on a
bed, and his mother sate by him, because he had a sore Legg.
Then the Cardinal shewed his commission, which was very
large, and in that was none but he alone : the Bishop of
London and the Lorde Sandes, were in another commission,
but that was not shewed than, nor they called to counsail.
There was the Cardinall highly thanked of the greate love
that he bare to the house of Fraunce : Then he and the
French Lordes fell to counsail, fyrst concernyng the Articles
of peace, and for the suerty of performaunce of the same,
and so that day they sat foure houres, and so every day was
the Cardinall in Counsaile with the Frenche kynges Counsaile,-
tyll the xviii. daye of August, at whyche daye was made in
the Cathedrall Churche of Amies, for the Cardinall of
Englande a place on the North side of the Churche for hys
Travers, and directly in the middes of the quere was a
curious chappell wroughte of carved wood al gilt set for the
Frenche kyng and his mother, which was covered wyth
Crimosyn velvet, richely embrodered and hanged wyth
clothes of Antike makyng, set with pearle and stone, very
curiously : The Masse was song, by a Cardinal, and after
Masse, the French kyng and divers of his Lordes, wer
sworne to kepe the league, and then was a great Charter
sealed on the high aultare, and dilivered to the Cardinal by
the kinges awne hand, and then the Cardinal of England
gave to theim all (as he saied clere remission) and then was
Te deum song, and so they all departed.
Now will I leave the Cardinall styll at Amias in counsaill,
and retorne to Sir Fraunces Poynes, and Clarenceaux which
ware at this tyme arrived in Spaine, in the towne of Vale
Dolife the third day of July, where thei found Doctor Lee
the kynges Almoner there ambassadour for the kyng of
Englande, and with hym taried till the sixte day of July,
and then Sir Fraunces Poynes was brought to his presence,
and delivered the kyng his masters letter, and beside that
praied his Majestie to consider what the king of England
had doen for hym sence his tendre age, how that he holpe
him at all times with money and treasure, and howe that at
suche tyme as the Lordes of Spayne would not receive him as
there kyng duryng his mothers life, yet by the kynges
meane and hys greate labour and cost, he was to that Realme
received : And also howe the kyng of England had alwaies
defended

King Henry the VIII. 101

defended and protected the contreys of Flaunders, Brabant,
and Zeland, against all persones, and in the quarel of
themperoure he had strongly invaded the Realme of
Fraunce so that by his invasion at home, themperour had
obteyned great victorie in forein places, which he could
not have done, if al the whole realme of Fraunce had ben
without any enemies at home : wherefore the kyng desired
him as reason would, the one halfe of the profite of the
battail of Pavy and also for his parte he required the duke
of Orleaunce to bee delyvered to him, and also to paie to
the king, fourtie thousand pownd, which he ought to him
as money lent, towardes his charges : and farther that he
should deliver the Pope, and make him a reasonable
amendes, and no farther to make warre on him or his
dominions. The Emperor after this demaunde, answered,
sir we assure you that the love of our uncle of England,
toward us and the manyfolde benefites that we have received
by him and his meanes we shal never forget, and althoughe
oure power be not able to recompence the same, yet our
good wil shall never fayle, to endever us to do him
pleasure : and as concerning his letters we with oure
counsayle shal take advice, and we trust you shall have a
reasonable answere, duryng which time, you may repose
you, and althinges necessarie shalbe at your commaunde-
ment : with this answer, Sir Fraunces departed at this tyme.
When it was knowen in Spain, that the kyng of England
was alied with the Frenche kyng, the Spanyardes spake
largely and said that thei cared not for the king of England,
and said farther that all this was the dryft of the Cardynall,
and by reason hereof the Englishe marchauntes wer evyl
entertained in Spain, but the Emperour perceivyng this,
gave a generall commaundement, that al Englyshmen
shoulde be ordered and reputed as his loving frendes.
In this very moneth, tidinges was brought to the Em
perour, how the inhabitauntes of Turney conspired to
destroy Monsire Delanoies their Capitayn, and devised
to bid him to a banket, and so to sley him and al that
loved the Emperour, but as God would, he had knowlege
of this treason, and toke the chiefe Capitaynes, and dyd on
them sharpe execucyon, for feare whereof many fled into
Fraunce. The Emperor within a day or twayne called to him Doctor Lee,

THE XIX.
YERE
[1527-28]

Themperoursanswere.

io2 King Henry the VIII.

THE XIX.
YERE
[1527-28]

Lee, and Syr Fraunces Poynes the kyng of Englands Am
bassadors, and sayed : my lordes, we have perceived the
king your maisters requestes, which be great and of a
waightie Importaunce, wherfore we entend wyth al spede to
wryte to the kyng our uncle, and when we have received
answere from him, we shal delyver you of suche thinges as
you demaunde, praiyng in the meane season, to take patience,
and so for the tyme they departed.
By this tyme was it knowen that the Cardinall of England
was wyth the French kyng, and ful wel knew the Emperour
that the Cardinal woulde do all for to ayde the Frenche
kynge and to domage hym yet had he a great pencion of
the Emperour.
The Englyshe Marchauntes fearynge the sequele of this
matter, conveighed away their goodes daily out of the Em
perors dominions, but still the Englyshe Ambassadours
came to the Emperours Court, arid one day the Emperour
sayed to them, my lordes, I marvell howe the kyng my
uncle is moved agaynste me and my subjectes, I assure you
I wil no war with him, I truste in hys faythfull promes, and
his accustomed goodnes, and his people I take as my frendes.
If he love the Frenche kyng I may not so do, for he to me
is untrue and kepeth no just promyse, and we never com
pelled him to make any offer, but his offer was of his owne
mocion, and he also sworne to mainteine the same, which
he now refuseth, and to our great prejudice hath perswaded
against us our dere uncle of England by pervers Imagi
nations, which I trust wyll never be our enemy. This
many times the Emperor would comen with the Englyshe
Ambassadors whiche lay in Spayne.
But now must I returne to the Cardinal of England which
lay at Amyas : there was great counsayling from day to day :
First, how the Pope should be delivered, and the sea of Rome
brought to a quietnes : Secondarily, how to bryng the Em
peror to some reasonable agrement so that the French kynges
chyldren might be delivered. It was well consydered that
the Emperor had a great fordel by reason of the sayde ii.
hostages, which fordel might perchaunce so stomacke him
that he wold agre to no new conditions nor agremente.
Then it was answered on the othersyde that yf a great army
were sent into Italy whych might drive the Emperors power
out of Italy, then that army should set the Pope at libertie and

King Henry the VIII. 103

and also dryve themperor to come to their purpose, or els
he should lese both the realmes of Napels and Scicille, and
the duchy of Millayn and other dominions, wherefore the
French kyng determined to send an army royal into Italy,
under the conduict of Mounsire Odyt de Lawtryck erle of
Foys, which was appointed afore in June to go to the
borders of Italy with a smal nombre, but now to him was
assigned viii. M. Bretons wyth notable capitaines of the
same countrey and viii. M. Normans wyth like capitaynes,
and viii. M. Gascoines, and vi. M. Burgonions iii. M.
Savosyns viii. M. Swyches and Almaines, and vi. M.
Picardes, of which men were v. M. horsemen under the
conduict of Mounsire Galias, and in thys army were syr
Robert Jernyngham and Jhon Carew of Hakam, and lxxx.
other English gentlemen, which were sent thyther by the
Cardinall from Amias. When thys army was assembled,
the Cardinall delivered the kyng of Englandes money, that
he had broughte out of England in barrels as you have
heard, wyth which money was this army paied two monethes
before hand, and the remnaunt was delivered to sir Robert
Jerningham which was called treasorer of the warres. In
this army were iii. M. cariage men, and adventurers iiii.
thousand, so that when they were over the mountaynes
they were lix. M. men, and som writers say C. thousand.
This army was called in Latin Exercitus Anglia et Gallorum
Regum, pro Pontificio Romano liberando congregatus, that is to
say, the armye of the kynges of Englande and Fraunce
gathered for the delyveraunce of the byshoppe of Rome,
and so was thys armye reputed. Although few people
knewe at the beginninge in Englande of the conveiynge of
the moneye over the sea, yet when the Engiysh coyne was
the common payment of the armie, it was then openly
knowen : then many men sayde alas, so much money spent
out of the realme, and of this charge the realme shall not be
one peny the better, the kynge hathe had of us a loane and
that is not payde, and the great subsedy was graunted to
make the kyng riche and now is that money to helpe our
old enemies, and the Pope which never shall do us good,
this the people spake and muche worse. While the Cardinal
was wyth the Frenche kyng, the Pope sent to him a bul,
and made him Vicar general under him through all the kyng
of Englandes dominions, and there by a bull he created
Anthony

the xix.
YERE
[1527-28]

English
money
delivered.

104 King Henry the VIII.

THE XIX.
YERE
[1527-28]

Anthony de Prato bishop of Sens and Chauncelor to the
French kyng a Cardinall wyth great solempnitie. The Car
dinall for hys solace rode with the French kynge to Com-
peygne and Mountdedier, and was ever highly feasted of
the kyng and hys mother and of the Chauncellour of
Fraunce, and of al the nobilitie. Then was it concluded
by the Cardinal and the Frenche kynges counsayll what
articles of offer should be sent to the Emperor, which yf he
refused, then open defyaunce to be made to him in the name
of both the kynges : The proffers were these.
C First that the French kyng shoulde paye for his raun-
some xxv. M. crounes, which amounteth to v. M. pounde
sterlynge, one wryter calleth it two Millions of Crounes.
The second to release al the pencion that he had in Napels
with al the ryght of the same.
The third, that he should never clayme title to the Duchv
of Millain.
The iiii. that he should release the superioritie of Flaunders
for ever and the ryght that he had to the citie of Turnay.
The v. to release al the homages of al other persones
wythin the sayd countreyes.
The vi. to wythdrawe hys army out of Italy.
The vii. to forsake the ayde of the Swyches against the
Emperour. The viii. to take no more the part of Robert de la Marche
against the Emperor.
The ix. never to ayde the kyng of Naverne against hym,
although he had maried the kynges sister.
The x. never to ayd the duke of Gelder nor to chalenge
the same duchy.
The xi. to ayde the Emperor wyth shippes and men to hys
coronacion. The xii. to mary ladye Elianor the quene 'of Portingale
syster to the Emperor.
The xiii. that the Dolphyn should mary the sayd quenes
daughter. The xiiii. that yf the French kyng had any children male
by the sayde quene, then the duchy of Burgoyne to remayne
to the sayd child being a male.
The xv. that the French kyng should be frende to the
Emperor and his frendes and enemy to his enemies.
These with many other articles which wer not openly
knowen

King Henry the VIII.

io5

knowen wer sent to the bishop of Tarby and the Vicount
of Thorayn ambassadors to the Emperor from the French
kyng. And other articles wer sent to the kynge of Eng
landes ambassadors beyng in Spayne : firste to move the
Emperor to take a reasonable peace wyth the French kyng.
Also that the kyng of England would release to him all
the sommes of money due to him aswel by themperor
Maximilian his graundfather as by hym selfe, and take the
French kyng as detter for the same.
Item yf the Emperor would not therto agre, then the
French king should mary the lady Mary doughter to the
king of England and thei both to be enemies to the
Emperor. When all these thinges wer concluded, the Cardinal toke
his leave of the French kyng and his mother (which tolde
hym that a noble ambassade shoulde be shordy sent again
into Englande from the realme of Fraunce for fortefiynge
of all condusyons) and so the sayde Cardynall wyth great
rewardes returned wyth al his trayne and by jorneys the last
day of September, he came to Rychmond to the king of
England and there assertayned the kyng of all his doynges,
but so could no lord that then was in Commission with him,
for they knew nothing of all his doynges, whiche sore greved
their stomackes.
The Cardinal which much rejoysed in this peace, came the
first day of the terme into the starre chamber and there by
his commaundement wer presente the lordes spirituall and
temporall of the kinges counsaill, and the Maior and Alder
men of the citie of London, and the judges of the law and
al the Justices of peace of al shyres then beynge at West-
mynster. And then he sayd, how much is the realme of
Englande bounde to God for the hygh peace that now is
concluded ? A hygh peace, yea such a peace as was never
concluded betwene no realm, for by my labor and industry
I have knit the realmes of Englande and Fraunce in suche
a perfyt knot, that it shall never fayle, for the thre estates of
Fraunce (which here we cal a Parliament) have affirmed the
same, and therfore now my lordes be mery, for the king
shal nevermore charge you with warres in Fraunce, nor the
Mayer and other marchauntes shal never be charged farther
wyth expences, so that wyth exaccyons for warres of Fraunce
you shall no more be charged, for the kynge shal have no
nede,
VOL. II.

THE XIX.
YERE
[1527-28]

io6

King Henry the VIII.

THE XIX.
YERE
[1527-28]

A present
geven by the
city to the
French
ambassadors.

nede, because that he by this league shalbe the rychest prince
of the world, for I assure you he shall have more treasur
out of Fraunce yerely then al his revenewes and customes
amount to, yea and count his wardes, forfeytes and all such
casualties. Now syth you have such an honorable peace
and suche a profitable peace, how much be you bound to
him which hath brought this peace aboute, for this is a
peace in secula seculorum. And because thys peace is so
noble, it is sealed wyth a seale of golde, and so he caused
all there present to looke on the seale, which was the verye
greate seale of Fraunce, printed in fine gold : at this tale
many a man after laughed to thinke how the Cardinall lyed,
for they knew, that he sayd was for his owne glory, and
nothing should folowe as he sayd.
The Frenche kynge accordinge to his appoyntment sent
the lorde Annas of Momorancy great mayster of his house
and after that hygh Constable of Fraunce, and the bishop of
Bayon, the chiefe president of Roan and Mounsire de Hun-
yers, as his Ambassadors to the kyng of England accom-
panyed with lx. gentlemen wel appointed, whiche the xiiii.
day of October landed at Dover, whose servauntes demeaned
them selfes so passing through Kent, that much busynes was
to lodge them in London, but the Cardinal commaunded
corporations of the citie to provide lodgyng for them, which
was never sene before, wherat the people murmured sore,
saiyng that the Cardinal was al Frenche. So on the xx. day
of October, the sayd Ambassadors were met on black heth
by the marques of Exceter, the bishop of London, the
Vicount Rocheford and lord Mountjoy wyth many men of
honor and gentlemen to the nomber of v. hundred horses
and more. The Maior and Aldermen of the citie of Lon
don and the chiefe comminers on horsebacke in their gounes
met the said Ambassadors at S. Georges bar, and there was
made to them a solempne oracion, and so from thence they
were conveied through London to the bishop of Londons
palais, and ther and nere ther aboute thei wer wel lodged.
The citezens of London presented them with v. fat oxen,
xx. shepe, xii. Swannes, vii. cranes, xii. Fesantz, iiii. dosin
Partriches, xx. loaves of Suger, Comfettes and other spyce
and waxe, and viii. hoggesheades of wyne wyth many other
thynges, whych I cannot reherse.
On Tewsday being the xxii. day of September, the said
ambassadors

King Henry the VIII.

107

ambassadors wer conveyed by water to Grenewiche, where
before the kyng sitting under his clothe of estate, the for-
sayed Mounsire Bayon presydent of Roan made an eloquent
proposition, in the which he much thanked the kyng for
sendynge so high an ambassador as the Cardinall was, a
man of such prudence and wit, as it appeared by the knit-
inge of the league, that like to him could none be found,
for by his onely mediation, the ii. princes wer accorded so
surely as never wer princes before that tyme, so that by this
confederacion the pope and his cardinals which wer in cap-
tivitie and thraldome should by the power of these ii. princes
be delivered and al the Emperors power should be dene
banished and driven oute of Italy, and the Pope shoulde
be restored to his olde estate and dignitie agayne.
When this Oracion was done and an answere made to
the same, the kyng welcomed al the gentlemen of Fraunce,
and then they had wyne and spyce brought to them, wherof
they toke part and dranke and so departed to their barge.
Dayly these ambassadors repayred to the cardinals place and
ther wer highly entertained, and the morow after S. Simons
day and Jude the bishop of Bayon and a great nomber of
the French gentlemen dyned at the Maiors feast, and so
they taryed in London til Alhalonday on which day the
kyng accompanied with the Ambassadors of Fraunce and
all his nobilitie rode to the Cathedrall Church of S. Paul,
wher the Cardinall sang Masse, and after masse done, the
people wer desired to pray that by their praiers Pope
Clement might the soner be delivered out of captivitie :
and when that was done the kynge of Englande before the
aulter sware to kepe and performe the league. The
common people sayd what nede al this swearyng, the
French kyng was once sworne and al his nobilitie, yea
and al hys good tounes, but yet they brake with us, and
so wyl they agayne when they se an avauntage.
For the more love to be engendered betwene these two
princes it was concluded that the kyng of England should
elect the French kyng knight of the noble order of the
Garter, and that the French kyng should elect the kynge
of Englande companion of his order of S. Michel, whyche
elections passed on both parties. Wherefore in all spede
the kynge sent sir Arthur Plantagenet Vicount Lisle and
bastard sonne to king Edward the fourth, Doctor Tailor
Maister

THE xix.
YERE
[1527-28]

The French
kyng knyght
of the
Garter.

io8

King Henry the VIII.

THE XIX.
YERE
[1527-28]

The kyng of
Englandknight of the
order of saint
Michel.

The banquet
house.

Maister of the RoUes, sir Nicholas Carew knight maister
of the kynges horses, and syr Anthony Broune knyght, and
sir Thomas Wryothesley knyght beyng Garter kyng of
armes of the order, with the whole habite coller and habili-
mentes of the ordre, which order he receyved on sonday the
x. day of November in the citie of Paris and rode in the
sayd habit from the house of S. Poule to our ladye churche
and there heard a solempne masse, and dyned in his robe of
the order, havyng wyth him thambassadors of England, and
the same night he made to them a banket, and so the next
day thei departed. In likewyse the selfe same sonday, the
king at Grenewiche received the order of S. Michell by the
handes of the great mayster of Fraunce and Mounsire Huniers
compaignions of the sayd ordre : and they al there ware the
mantles of the sayd order which were of cloth of silver
embrodered with Fraunces knottes and kocle shelles, and
the collor was of the same devise having hangynge before
the brest the image of S. Michel, and in these Mantels
they went doune to the chaple to Masse, and there heard
masse, which was song by a bishop, and after masse they
returned to the kynges chamber, wher was made a great
feast, and after diner which was late they were conveyed
into the tyltyard, and ther wer Justes of pleasure xii. against
xii. whych valyauntly furnished their courses, til they had
broken C. staves, and then they departed, for nyght was
sodainlye come. Then the kyng brought the Ambassadors
to the new banket chamber, which was hanged wyth a costly
verdor al new, the ground therof was all gold and the flowers
were all of Sattyn sylver so that by the brightsomenes of the
gold, the flowers appeared so freshly that thei semed as they
wer growyng in dede, the cupberdes of gold and gylt plate
with the eweryes, the same I overpasse, because you have
hearde thereof in the beginnyng of this yere. Then the
king, quene and ambassadors satte doune to supper and
were served with Ixxxx. dishes, al the galleries and chambers
were ful of lordes, knyghtes and gentlemen, and the gar-
rates above ful of Frenche lackeys and verlettes, which wer
plenteously served.
After supper was done, the king led the ambassadors into
the great chamber of disguysinges, and in the ende of the
same chamber was a fountayne, and on the one syde was a
Hawthorne tre al of silke wyth white flowers, and on the
other I

King Henry the VIII.

109

other syde of the fountayne was a Mulbery tre ful of fayre
beryes all silke, on the toppe of the Hawthorne was the
armes of England compassed with the coller of the garter
of S. Michel, and in the toppe of the Moulberie tree stode the
armes of Fraunce wythin a garter. This fountayn was al of
whyte Marble graven and chased, the bases of the same were
balles of golde supported by rampynge beastes wounde in
leaves of golde. In the first worcke were gargilles of gold
fiersly faced with spoutes running. The second receyt of
this fountain was environed with wynged serpentes al of
golde, which gryped the second receit of the fountain, and
on the sommit or toppe of the same was a fayre lady, out of
whose brestes ran aboundantly water of merveilous delicious
saver. About this fountayn wer benches of Rosemary fretted
in braydes layd on gold, all the sides sette wyth roses in
braunches as they wer growyng about this fountayne. On
the benches sat viii. fair ladies in straung attier, and so
rychly apparelled in cloth of golde embrodered and cut over
silver, that I cannot expresse the conning workmanship
therof. Then when the kyng and quene were set, there
was playd before them by children in the Latin tongue in
maner of Tragedy, the effect wherof was that the pope was
in captivitie and the church broughte under the foote, wher
fore S. Peter appeared and put the Cardinal in authoritie to
bryng the Pope to his libertie, and to set up the church
agayn, and so the Cardinall made intercession to the kinges
of England and of Fraunce, that they toke part together,
and by their meanes the Pope was dely vered. Then in came
the French kynges chyldren, and complayned to the Cardinal,
how the Emperour kept them as hostages and wold not come
to no reasonable point with their father, wherfore thei desyred
the Cardinal to helpe for their deliveraunce, which wrought
so wyth the kyng hys mayster and the French kyng that he
brought the Emperor to a peace, and caused the two yong
princes to be delyvered. At this play Wisemen smiled and
thought that it sounded more glorious to the Cardinall, then
true to the matter in deede.
When the playe was done, and iiii. companies of maskers
daunsed, the King, the great maister of Fraunce, the duke of
Suffolke, the marques of Exceter, sir Edward Newel, and
other thre apparelled in cloth of gold and purple Tynsyl
sattyn set wyth cut warkes of clothe of sylver plyghted goord

THE XIX.
YERE
[1527-28]

A play.

I IO

King Henry the VIII.

THE XIX.
YERE
[1527-28]

The
ambassadors departed.

Arthur,BilneyGeffreyLome and
Garret.

A great derth
of wheate.

goord fret and folded eche cloth upon other, and one
plucked under another verye rychely : they had also mantels
of Crymosyn Sattyn cast about them Bauderike wyse, so
that the other garmentes myght largely appeare, and then
thei entered with noyse of minstrelsy and toke the ladies
that sat about the fountayne and daunsed wyth them very
lustely, and when they had daunsed ynough, then thei put of
their vysers, and were knowen, and so wyth disport al this
night passed.
The next day the greate maister and al his company toke
their leave of the kyng (except the bishop of Bayon which
abode as Ambassador in England) and were hyghly rewarded,
and so passed to Dover, and toke shippe there and landed at
Bulleyn. After that the Frenchmen wer departed, the commons
spake sore against the Cardinal and sayd, that the French
men did never good to England, and for the Cardinals
pleasure we should forsake our old frendes, and receive our
olde enemies. When the Cardinal heard of these saynges
he was not content, wherfore he sent a Commission to the
Maior of London to commaunde al men not to talke of the
kynges affaires and busynes or of the quene, or of the kynges
counsail. And yf any person spake or talked of any of these
matters, then he to be taken and brought to the Cardinal.
When this commaundement was once knowen, every man
mystrusted other, and noman durst breake his minde to
other. In this moneth of November the Cardinal as legate called
the whole clergie before him at Westminster and there he
saide that all the abusions of the church should be amended,
but he did nothinge therto, but abjured, Arthur, Bylney,
Geffery Lome, and Garret that spake against the Popes
aucthoritie and hys pompe and pryde.
By reason of the great raynes, which fel in the sowing
time and in the beginning of the last yere, now in the
beginning of thys yere corne began sore to fayle through
out the realme, in so muche that in the citie of London,
bread for a whyle was very skant and people did starve
daily for bread, for wheat so fayled that none could be
gotten for money. Savyng that the king of his goodnes,
sent to the citie of his owne provysion vi.C. quarters, or els
for a weeke ther had ben litle bread in London, yet was the
scarcitie

King Henry the VIII.

iii

scarcitie more then the derth : For then wheat was only at
xv.s. the quarter, and from thence it rose to xx.s and after
to xxvi.s. viii.d. the quarter. Men sayd that the negligence
was in sir Thomas Seimer knyght then Maior. Many sub
stanciall men would have made provision for their houses,
but they feared lest the comminaltie would have taken it
from them. Then were commissions sente into all shires
and commissioners appoynted to se what wheat was in the
realme, and the commissioners ordered that no wheate should
be conveyed out of one shire to another, which commaunde-
ment had lyke to have raysed trouble, and specially the citie
of London with the same was sore agreved, for thei had no
arable ground to sowe, but must make provision with money,
which provision was them denied in diverse shires by that
commaundement, wherat the citezens grudged, so the Maior
and Aldermen seyng that the people began to murmure,
came to the Cardinall and moved him of the mischiefe that
was like to ensue : either the people must dye for famyne
or els they wyth strong hand wil fetche corne from them
that have it. To whom he answered that they should have
wheat ynough out of Fraunce for the French kyng sayd to
me quod the Cardinall that yf he had but three bushels of
corne in all Fraunce, Englande shoulde have twayne so
muche he loveth and regardeth this realme : with this
answer thei departed and every day loked for French wheat,
but none came : and farther such wheat as the Marchauntes
of England had brought and shipped in Normandy, and
other places wer ther restrained, so that the relefe ther
failed, but the gentle marchauntes of the Styliard brought
from Danske, Breme, Hambrough and other places great
plentie, and so did other marchauntes from Flaunders,
Holand and Frislande, so that wheat was better chepe in
London, then in all England over. Then the people sayd, se
how we had bene served by the Frenchmen in our necessitie
if themperors subjectes had not holpen us. For this kindnes
the common people loved themperor the better and al hys
subjectes. The kyng of hys goodnes hearyng that the
wheat in Fraunce was stopped, mused not a litle, and so
for comfort of thys cyty of London he lent M. quarters,
for the whych they both thanked him and prayed for hym.
Then wythin short space the marchauntes of London so
diligently made provysyon in all places for Wheat and Rye, that

THE xix.
YERE
[1527-28]

I 12

King Henry the VIII.

THE XIX.
YERE
[1527-28]

that after Christmas they lacked none, and al the parties
adjoynyng to them wer fain to fetch wheate of them and
none to them was denied, notwyflistanding their unkynd
commaundement geven that the Londoners should none
have of them.
Now let us speake of the army that the lord Lawtrick
had into Italy at the charges of the king of England and
the Frenche king for the deliveraunce of pope Clement.
The lord Lawtrick after that hys whole army was come to
hym to Lions, and that al thynges necessary wer in redines,
then he set forwarde wyth great diligence : but or he had
passed the mountaines, the Venicians army was come into
Lombardy abydyng the commyng of the Frenchmen, and in
the meane season they marched toward themperors army
which lay at the citie of Millain. Wherof hearyng Anthony
de Leva wyth viii.C. Almaines and Spanyardes on fote, and
as many Italians marched forward to mete with them, and
by force caused them to take the toune of Meligna for
refuge, where he hearing that Jhon de Medices with a great
nomber wer comming toward the Venicians, he in the
evenyng or his enemies were aware sodainly set on the sayd
Jhon de Medyces, whiche began to set his men in an order,
but he was so enclosed that he could do nothing, but tooke
his horse and fled and left his company alone, which were
slayn almost al, and lost four great pieces of ordinaunce,
whych Anthony de Leva caried with him to Millayn. In
which season the lorde Lawtrick with his army was passed
the mountaines and was come to the citie of Aster abyding
the Swiches, wher he heard tell how that Lewes Erie of
Lodron with a great crew of Almaines was come to the
toune of Boske nye Alexandry with money and vytail to
ayde the Almaines that kept Alexandry: wherfor he sent
hys horsemen to stoppe them that they should not passe to
Alexandry, and after them he folowed wyth his whole army,
and besieged them in Boske which a certain daies defended,
but at the last they yelded the toune and became souldiers
to the Lord Lawtrick. In this same season Andrew Dorie
Admyral of the French Navy lay before the haven of Gene
and kept the Genowayes from al marchaundise and vytailes
which to the cyty might repaire, and in especiall he letted
certain shippes of corne whiche lay at Pont de Ferry betwene
Gene and Savona to come to Gene. The Genowayes which
lacked

King Henry the VIII. 113

lacked corne and were on the land side besieged by a citezen
of their own which was on the French part called Cesar
Fulgosus, imagined how to bring the shippes of corne into
the citie, and when they sawe that Andrewe Dory had but
xvii. Galeys. They prepared vi. Galeys to fyght with
Andrew Dorye. Durynge whyche fight the shippes with
corne shuld entre the haven. When the galeis wer abrode,
a sodain tempest rose wyth such a violence, that Andrew
Dory was fayne to take the port of Savona for his succor,
and so the shippes of corne came safe into the haven of
Geane, and all the Galeys in safetie : this good was fortune
to Geane at this tyme.
When the citezens of Geane were thus vitayled, they toke
to them good courage, and in warlyke maner issued oute
against Cesar Fulgosus which knew wel that thei had litle
more then iii. C. Spanyardes that could skill of the war, and
as for the remnant were neither of stomacke nor of experience
in warre, wherfore he boldely set on them, and whyle they
were fighting wythout, the citezens wythin which be ever
mutable sodainly cried Fraunce Fraunce, whiche clamour
came to the eares of Adurnus which was imperial, wherfore
he retyred backe into the citie to appeace the rumor, but
their enemies folowed them in such hast that both entred
together, and so Geane was become French. Then thither
came the lorde Lawtrick, and put there a capitaine wyth a
retinue for the safe keping of the citie. Then Adurnus duke
of Geane whych was in the castle with divers of the Emperors
frendes and lacked vitail and saw no comfort of reskew, yelded
the castle upon condition to departe wyth bagge and baggage,
and so they dyd. In the meane season certain Frenchmen
which were left at Boske defaced the toune, and then came
before Alexandrie, and there kepte a siege volant that no
ayde or succor shoulde come to the toune, til the whole
army wer assembled to besiege the toun. But for al that
purpose, by the Dounes of Alexandrie, Albericke Barbian
wyth v. C. souldiers came into the toune, whych much com
forted the garryson there which was in maner dismayed
because their aid at Boske had fayled them. The French
men besieged the toune and bet it wyth ordynaunce, and
they within manfully defended it, and made new counter-
mures, so that their enemies could not enter without
jeoperdy. But at the last the Venicians brought thither great
vol. 11.

THE xix.
YERE
[1527-28]

II4

King Henry the VIII.

THE XIX.
YERE
[1527-28]

great pieces of ordinaunce, whych so sore bet the walles
that Baptist Lodryn the capitayn saw that he was not able
to defende it and so he delyvered the toune upon thys com
position, that he and his shoulde depart wyth bagge and
baggage, and he nor his to weare no harnys against the
French kyng nor hys confederates by the space of vi.
monethes. Then the lorde Lawtryck delivered the toune
to Fraunces Sforcia according to the league, whych Fraunces
put there a convenient garryson. Thence the army removed
to Belgrasse which to them was yelded and also delivered to
the duke of Millain, and from thence thei removed toward
the citie of Millain, wher of hering Anthony de Leva for-
tefied the castle of Millayn and sent Lewes Barbyan to
defende the city of Pavy.
When the Lorde Lawtryck was within viii. mile of
Myllayn, he sodainly returned toward Pavy, which men
judged to be done for the displeasure that was done there
to the Frenchmen, when their king was taken, and so the
xix. day of September thei besieged Pavy, and daily betwene
them wer great skyrmishes, but at last they bet the walles
so with greate ordinaunce, that they made the toune assaut-
able. Then the Frenchmen threwe into the dyches fagottes
and emptye pipes, and shortly entred the toune. The capi
tayn perceiving the toune entred, opened the gate and yelded
himself prisoner. Then the Frenchmen slewe and kylled on
every syde, robbed and spoyled houses and churches, and
spared no person nor place, and of crueltie raunsomed one
man v. or vi. times, and the Gascoynes, which were most
cruel, set fier in the fayre houses, and had brent the whole
citie if the lord Lawtryck after vii. dayes spoilyng had
not commaunded them to cease. When Pavye was thus
taken and spoyled, the Lorde Lawtrick determined with the
Cardinal Innocent legate of Bonony, which was come for
the deliveraunce of the pope incontinent to passe to Rome
and to drive away al the Emperors power from thence and
to restore the Pope to libertie.
Fraunces Sforcia duke of Myllayn hearing of this deter
mination came to the lord Lawtrick to Pavye, and required
him first to rid the duchy of Millayn of themperors souldiers,
rather then to go forward and leave his enemies behynd him.
The Lord Lawtryck answered that he was of the same opinion,
but the commission that he had of the French kyng, and the
kyng

King Henry the VIII.

llS

kyng of England was, that with all spede he shoulde go
forward to delyver the bishop of Rome, which done, he
faythfully promised that he would returne and expulse all
the Emperors power out of Lombardy, and in the meane
ceason he woulde that the duke and the Venicians shoulde
besiege Anthony de Leva in the castle of Millayn. Duke
Fraunces semed to be content with this answer, but yet he
perceived, that the French kyng cared not for his restoryng,
lest he should be emperiall. So for that tyme the duke dis
sembled the matter and toke possession of the citie of Pavye.
When the Lorde Lawtrick had layen xvi. dayes at Pavy, he
dismissed the Swiches which in no wise would go with him
to Rome, wherfor he marched forward with his owne army
and came to Pleasance, where he concluded a league with
Alphons duke of Farrer, and Frederycke marques of
Mantua, so that then he knew wel that he might wel
passe in safetie : and then in good ordre of battail he
marched toward Rome for the finishing of this enterpryse.
But or he was passed out of Lombardy themperor had
sent letters to the B. of Rome and excused him self, that
he neither willed nor commaunded such mischief to be done
and straightly commaunded his captaynes to deliver him.
The Prince of Orenge and other captayns of themperors
hearing his commaundement, toke agrement with the pope
and his Cardinals, and so he and xii. cardinals wer bound to
performe certen articles to the nomber of xi. and then he
was delivered out of the Castle saynct Angel the x. day of
December and was conveyed to Oruyet, wherafter he had
payed certayn money for the souldiars wages he was put at
full libertie and the Emperors people departed from him,
and thence he removed to Ancona. When tydynges was
brought into Englande of his deliveraunce, the Cardinall in
greate hast caused Te deum to be song on Newyeres day in
the kinges Chapel and declared openly that he was escaped
and sayd not delyvered, whyche made manye men to muse :
and on sonday the x. day of January the Cardinal with great
triumph came to the church of S. Paule in London, and on
him attended divers prelates and the Clergy, and there le
deum was song againe and after that doctor Capon openly
declared howe that byshop Clement had ben long kept in
distres by faulte of tyrannes and infideles, and so kept as
prysoner to the behofe of Charles the Emperor, til now of
late

THE xix.
YERE
[1527-28]

Clement
pope
delyvered.

n6 King Henry the VIII.

THE XIX.
YERE
[1527-28]

late through the prayers of good Christen people he was
escaped the handes of hys enemies, for whych cause he
wylled all men to geve thankes to God. That nyght were
great fyers made in the kynges courte and in al London.
Shortlye after this trueth was knowen, that the Pope was
delyvered by composicion, and not frely escaped as the
Cardinall had blowen abroade, but men sayd that he coulde
not leave his liynge.
Whyle the lord Lawtrick was continually goyng forwarde
to delyver pope Clement, he was credibly enformed at Bon-
nony, that he was delivered and at his libertie, wherfore he
thought his jorney voyde to go to Rome to do nothing, he
therfor determined to turne toward Napels and to take the
citie, yf it were not fortefyed or replenyshed wyth men of
war, and so according to this purpose he jornied forward
with great dilygence. The Emperors capitaynes perceyvyng
the Frenchemens entent, caused al their souldioures to depart
out of Rome in the beginnyng of February (which was against
the mynde of the souldiers) and so came into the realme of
Napels and fortefied certain tounes as thei passed, and so
came to a toune called Troy and there they taried : This
removing was to them very profitable. For yf thei had
taried at Rome they had bene set on wyth the Italians on
the one syde, and the Frenchmen on the other syde, that by
every mans judgemente they should al have bene taken or
slayne. The lorde Lawtrick departed from Bonnony to
Inmole and so to Fayance Forlicke, Pezere, Senegal,
Ancone, Ravenna, Lorer and to Feme, which was at the
foote of the mountaynes of Sybylles in the Duchie of Bresse
percell of the realme of Napels, in whiche were certain
nobles of that countrey whiche seynge the armye so puys-
sant departed thence to Napels. As the armye passed the
mountaines in the Lent season, there died of very cold v.
C. Gascoines and mo, and so wyth much payne they came
nere to Troy in Puylle the xv. day of Marche, where the
Spaniardes, and the Emperors army lay. Sir Robert Jer
nyngham of England which was captain of the lyght
horsemen, knowing their enemies so nere, desired the
Lord Lawtrick that he wyth hys company might assay
the Spaniardes. The Lorde Lawtreck (whether it was for
lacke of corage, or that he were corrupted by money) in no
wise would suffre sir Robert Jerningham to fight, but saied he

King Henry the VIII. 117

he would take theim at a more avauntage shortly, which
answere sore greved sir Robert, in so muche he said he would
accuse hym, to both the kynges their Masters.
The Spaniardes which laie at Troy, thought to entre
Naples before the Frenchmen, and so on the xxi. daie of
Marche beeyng Saterdaie, they removed and came to Naples,
and fortified the citie, whyche was happie for the Emperor,
for surely yf the Frenchmen had come first, they had been
Masters of the citie. After the Emperors people were
departed from Troy, as you have hard, the French
men besieged it, and within a xi. daies it was to them
yelded, and from thense thei removed to Melphe a strong
lide toune, wher thei slewe and put to flight iiii. M.
Spaniardes but thei lost many of their men ther, so that
this toune was not to them very profitable : Sith the armie
was entered into the realme of Naples there was ever some
sickenes emongest them, and in especial there raygned
emongest them a sore hote fever, of the which many gentle
men died or thei came to Naples, for at the toune of
Verse there died sir Richard Jernyngham, and Jhon
Carew of Hackam, two valiant capitaines, sent thether
by the kyng of Englande and diverse other, whiche two
gendemen be there buried.
When the Frenchmen had taken Melphe, thei removed
to Bonivent and from thence to Magdelon, where thei laye
all Easter : and after Easter thei came before the citie of
Naples, and firste they tooke the Palace that standeth without
the citie, very pleasant to beholde, and after that was taken,
thei planted their siege round aboute the citie, and cast
trenches, and made fortifications, for the defence of sodain
invasions of their enemies : all the whole armie laie in an
open plaine ground, without coverture very nere the citie,
by reason whereof, thei wer sore cumbered with hete and
drouth, whereupon ensued greate mortalitie and death, for
yf thei had lien on the hill side nere coverte, thei had lien
more whole somly, but their intent was to lye nere the citie,
to the intent to kepe their enemies straight, and therfore
thei planted their siege in the playne, which turned them to
muche displeasure and disease. Thus was the siege planted
before Naples, in the beginnyng of Aprill, and continued till
the xxvi. daie of August next insuyng, and then by meane
of mortalitie they removed as you shall here. When

THE XIX.
YERE
[1527-28]

n8

King Henry the VIII.

THE XIX.
YERE
[1527-28]

Themperorsanswere to
the foresaied
Articles.

When the lord Lawtreck was thus passing toward Naples,
sir Frances Poynes Knight, which was sent with Clarenseaux
kyng of Armes into Spain to the Emperor, returned into
England before Christmas, in thende of December, and left
Clarenseaux behynd, to bryng farther answere from themperor
. of thynges demaunded, wherof he said he would take longer
advice or he would answere. This sir Frances reported
that the Emperor so muche favored and estemed the kyng
of England, that at his onely request and contemplacion, he
had released and discharged twelve articles, which wer moste
grevous and disprofitable to the Frenche kyng, not for the
French kynges sake, but at the intercession of the kyng of
Englande : yet this notwithstandyng, the Cardinall so in-
vegled the kyng, that he so highly favored the French kyng,
that all his causes he tooke and reputed as his awne, and did
all that he might, to bryng the Frenche kynges purposes
aboute. The Emperor before this time had written to the Frenche
kynge, and also advertised thereof the French Ambassadors,
that laye in Spaine, that he would that the Frenche Kyng
should sende to hym a diffinitive answere, yf he would with-
drawe his people out of Italy or not, and let the Duchie of
Millain alone, and to cease of all Invasions or not, and this
answere to be geven the last day of January folowyng, and
yf the sayd French kyng answered not by that day, then the
lacke of answer to be taken for a defiaunce. Then the French
Ambassadors before the day, shewed to the Emperour, the
proffer which the French kyng offered to hym in articles, as
you have harde before, in the conclusion taken at Amias by
the Frenche kynge and the Cardinall in August laste passed.
Which profers when the Emperoure had hard and seen, he
saied to the Ambassadours, we thought surely that our cosin
the French kyng and we, had been at a full conclusion, when
the league and appoyntment was agreed at our toune of
Madrill : for when he sued for his deliveraunce to us, he
and his counsaill offered us certain profers, whiche we never
demaunded, but we of pitie havyng compassion of his afflic
tion, accepted the saied offers, and agreed to his deliveraunce,
whiche Articles he promised in the othe of a kyng, and also
on the holy Evangelistes, to performe to the uttermoste, and
theim inviolatly to observe and kepe. Wherupon wee clerely
remitted, and delivered hym into his countrey, of all which
promises

King Henry the VIII.

119

promises he hath performed none, wherfore we take him as
perjured, and not worthy to be trusted, and nowe he offereth
newe offers, which he cannot performe, as for the money
we beleve he is able to pay, but as for money dewe for the
kyngdom of Naples, we knowe not suche dutie, for it is our
inheritaunce, although kyng Charles the seventh, by sotletie
once usurped the same, which he longe not enjoied : as to re
lease his tide to Millain, that release is voyde, for the Duchie
is Imperiall, and in our gifte as many other seigniories be :
and as touchyng Tournay, ours it is of right and now in our
possession : So that in all these thynges he would release and
rendre thynges that he hath not : and as to the withdrawyng
of his armie out of Italy, he shall not nede, for we truste
that our armie shall expell them al Italy, maugre their hartes.
And as touchyng the kyng of Naverr, the Duke of Gelder,
and Robert de la Marche, we of pitie let them alone till we
se our tyme, and then they shall knowe our puyssaunce : And
as touching his ofire to aide us with a navie, we trust we
have such a navie provided, that we shal nede none of his :
and where he faith he will mary our sister quene Aelienor,
daughter to the kyng of Portyngal, if he had been true, that
he might have doen or this, but nowe wee entende not to
geve her to our enemie : and as touchyng her daughter to
bee maried to the Dolphyn, that wee leave in suspence for
this tyme. But wher he saieth that he wil defend us, that
toucheth our honour, for well knoweth he that our awne
myght and puyssaunce, hath ever defended us, and hym and
his power hath defaced and vanquished wherefore we nede
not of his defence, which is not able to defend hym self : and
as touchyng the kynge of Englandes debt, we shall reason
ably answere his Ambassadours, for that toucheth not the
Frenche Kyng : But now my Lordes Ambassadours, sayd
the Emperor, let the French Kyng your Master, fulfill the
promise that he was sworne to, as a true Prince ought to do,
and then he shall have his children delivered, or els accordyng
to his othe, let hym yelde hymselfe prisoner agayn, and so
shall his honor and truthe be saved, or els not : so with this
answere the Ambassadors departed. Neverthelesse thei daily
sued to the Emperour and his Counsaill to take the offers
whyche were profered by the Frenche kyng, and emongest
other thynges, the warre was sore laied to the Frenche
Ambassadours charge, for that that the Frenche kyng
made

the xix.
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[1527-28]

120

King Henry the VIII.

THE XIX.
YERE
[1527-28]

made warre on the Emperours possessions, without cause and
without defiaunce, to whiche accusement they answered that
that armye was procured by the Cardinal of Englande, when
he was at Amias, for the delivery of Clement Bishop of
Rome, and that the Kynge of Englande bare the moste
charge. When the Emperour hard this answere, he sent
for the Ambassadoure of Englande, and to hym saied :
My Lorde Ambassadoure, I muche marvaill why the kyng
your Master, hath so great love to the Frenche kyng, his
newe reconsiled frende, and withdrawen his love from me,
that am his cosyn and alye : How fortuneth this, that your
olde auncient enemies bee now in favoure, and your olde
frendes cast out of favoure. I se well there is indignation
had at our estate, and waies fought to greve us, whiche
wee hope to wythstande : But who woulde have thought
that our Uncle of Englande, would have made warre
on us. How would he have us graunt his requestes and
desires for the Frenche Kyng, seyng he sheweth hymself our
open enemy ? Then the Ambassadoure discretly answered,
that he neither heard nor knewe of suche doynges, on his
faithe and honoure. Well saied the Emperoure, yf it bee
true that is reported, myne Uncle is not the Prince that
I have taken hym for, and yf he be myne enemye, I muste
withstande hym, and in a greate fury, the Emperoure
withdrewe him from the Ambassadour, to his privie
chamber. Daily the Ambassadours, bothe of Englande and of
Fraunce, sollicited themperor and his counsail, to accept the
French Kynges offers, which made ever answere, that thei
would not truste to the newe promise, seyng that the
olde promise which was sworne, was not observed and
kept. Nowe whosoever indifferently shall consider, the
Articles which were offered in the treatie of Madrill, and
the Articles offered now at Amias shall openly perceive, that
the greatest thyng which the Frenche kyng refused to do, was
the delivery of the Duchie of Burgoyn and the Countie
Charoloys, for declaration whereof, the French kyng sent
for all the nobles of bothe the countreys, and declared theim
thys promise and concord, taken wyth the Emperor, which
answered that no realme or dominion could be transferred
to any forrein prince or person without the sentence, agre
ment, and submission of the nobles, and commons of the
same

King Henry the VIII.

121

same countrey, and therefore they would never assent to the
alteracion : This answer was delivered to lorde Charles de
la Noa Viceroy of Naples, then Ambassador for the Emperor
in Fraunce, which thereof certified the Emperours counsaill.
But the Emperoure and hys Counsaill thought this to bee but
a deceipte, in so muche as the French kyng had onely called
suche of Burgoyne, as hym pleased, and not the substanciall
of the countrey. And farther the Emperor so much desired
the Duchie of Burgoyne, because he was the very heire
there of bloud discended from duke Philip, soonne to kyng
Jhon of Fraunce, that by no meanes he would have that
article broken, but he would have that Duchie. The French
kyng perceived his mynd, and offered to hym great sommes
of money for the redemyng of that article, the kyng of
England also offered to be suretie for the paiment : but
all this could not move the Emperour, but he would
have Burgoyne, and all the saied treatie and agrement
performed. The kyng of England consideryng how muche he had
doen for the Emperor, and callyng to his remembraunce,
bothe that the Lordes and Commons of Spaine, would not
have taken hym as kyng his mother livyng (although she
wer Lunatike) because she was heire, without his greate
labour and intercession, and also that he holpe hym to be
elected Emperour, which the Frenche kyng had obteigned,
yf he had not put thereunto his aide, and sent Docter
Richard Pace his Secretory to the Electors to Franckeford,
and moste of all that he at all tymes, had succoured the saied
Emperoure with money, and was not paied, wherfore he
was not a litle displeased with the Emperours wilfulnes,
but more with his unkyndnes, and perceived clerely, that
sith by his meanes he was so exalted, that now he had
forgotten al the kyndnes to him shewed wherfore he
thought to make him to knowe hymself by warres, the
soner to bryng hym to accomplishe his request, and to
make him to remember his olde kyndnes, and so by the
avise of the Cardinal of Yorke (which loved not the
Emperoure, for the Bishoppe of Romes case) and other
of his counsaill, he sent woorde to Clarenseaux kyng
of armes, to make defiaunce to the Emperour, and so
Guyau Herault for the French kyng and the sayd Clarenseaux
for the kyng of England, the xiiii. day of January, in the citie of
vol. ii.

THE XIX.
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[1527-28]

Defiaunces
made to the
Emperour.

122

King Henry the VIII.

THE XIX.
YERE
[1527-28]

of Burgues in Castle, came before the Emperour beynge
nobly accompaignied with Dukes, Marqueses, Earles,
and Barons, in his greate hall, and there made their
defiaunce. When the defiaunces were made by bothe the Kynges
of Armes, as you have heard, all the nobles which were
present, as the Constable of Castell, the Duke of Masse-
donia, the Duke of Invancaso, the Duke of Alberkirke,
the Duke of Civill, the Duke of Nassaw, or Nazareth, the
Duke of Alvoy, the Marques of Sturgus, the Marques of
Agular, the Marques of Villafranca, the Erie Barcelon, the
Erie of Salamatero, the Erie Bonivent, the Erie Arowen,
the Erie Agulard, the Erie Salienas, the Erie Genever, with
sixe great Lordes Commendatories Crossed, and many other
noble menne and gentlemen, for a truthe to the nomber, of
seven hundred at the least : all these drewe out their swerdes
and sware that the defiaunces then made should be revenged,
and sayed to the Emperour : Sir, yf the dispite of this
defiaunce be unrevenged, the infamy and rebuke thereof,
shall remain to us and our heires for ever wherfore our
landes, lifes, and lordshippes, shalbe at your commaunde
ment, and while any lyen of your succession remain, thys
ignominie shalbe ever newe and not dye, till you have
obteigned the double honor against all your enemies.
When the Emperor was thus defied, the warre was
Proclaimed in Civill, in Valedolite, in Burgus, and in
other places through all Spain : But when the commen
people heard of this defiaunce, they wrong them selfes
by the berdes and sware, that all their landes and goodes
should be spent, for the honor of the Emperor, and to be
revenged on the French Kyng, whom they called perjured
Prince, and so the common people cried in the stretes, now
is come the tyme, that Spain shalbe renouned, and revenged
on the Frenchmen, for their falsenes and wrong doynges.
But alas saied they, why should we make warre with the
Englishe nation, whiche ever loved us, and never offended
us : but this defiance procedeth not of them, but onely
of the French kyng, and of the Cardinall of Englande,
whiche is sworne French : thus the Spanyardes talked, and
ever excused the kyng of Englande, and accused the Car
dinall and saied, that he had a greate pencion out of Spain,
and that notwithstandyng, because he might not have the
bishopricke

King Henry the VIII.

I23

bishopricke of Toledo, he caused al this warre. This Pro
damacion of warre, was proclamed with baners displaied, in
the which were painted a redde swerde, and a Cresset burnyng,
against the French kyng and his parte takers, not meanyng
the kyng of Englande, by expresse name, but it was rehersed
in the Prodamacion, that the Kyng of England had manaced,
and defied the Emperour, in the French kynges querell.
Then wer the Englishe Merchantes in Spain attached, and
their goodes put in safe custody, and to them was saied that
they were staied onely, till the Emperour was advertised how
his subjectes were ordered in England.
Tidynges of this was first knowen in Fraunce, and from
thence letters were sent to the French Ambassadours in
London, how bothe the Ambassadors of Fraunce and of
Englande, beyng in Spaine, and Guien and Clarenseaux
officers of Armes, wer retained by the Emperor as prisoners,
which report was false, for thei were at libertie, and wel
cherished, and in especiall the Englishe Ambassadors and
Clarenseaux wer frendly enterteined in all places. When
the Cardinal hard this report he was to light of credence
(which he forthought afterward) and was sore there with
moved, and in his fury the xii. day of February, he caused
Don Hugo de Mendosa, the Emperors Ambassador, to be
taken out of his house, in sainct Swithines lane in London,
and to be brought to Sir Jhon Daunces place in Marke lane,
as a prisoner, and his house with his goodes were kept by the
Cardinalles servauntes, till the Kynges plesure wer farther
knowen. The morowe after beyng the xiii. day of February, the
Cardinal beyng in the Starre chamber, called before hym
al Justices of the Peace and other honest personages to
a greate nomber, and to them sayed : My lordes and all
you the kynges lovyng subjectes, his graces pleasure is
that I should declare to you, howe that his highnes, not
of his awne sekyng, but rather against his will and intent,
is entered into warre : For the electe Emperor Charles the
fifth, hath hym so handeled and moved, that he must of
necessitie with him make war. First, it is not unknowen
to you all, how good the kyng hath been to hym, sithe his
infancie, how he hath defended his lowe countreis duryng his
noneage ? Ye what payn the kyng toke by his Ambas
sadors, to sollicite the lordes of Spayn, which refused to take him

the xix.
YERE
[1527-28]

The EnglisheMerchantes
arrested in
spain.

The
Cardinalles
saiyng in the
Starre Chamber.

124 King Henry the VIII.

THE XIX.
YERE
[1527-28]

him as their kyng, while his mother lived, and by the kynges
onely labor, he came to the kyngdom of Spain, what it cost
the kyng to helpe him to be Emperor, we that be his coun
sailer s can tel, for yf the kyng had not been, surely the Frenche
kyng had been Emperor. Beside all these kyndnesses, he
hath lent to the said Emperor, diverse great sommes of money,
to defend his countreys, and what profite his countreis have
by the resort of Englishmen thether, ye that be Merchauntes
can tell : for these thynges with many mo proffites, com
modities, and gratuities, the kynge of him is so litle regarded,
that I am halfe asshamed to report it. True it is that Frances
the Frenche kyng, was to hym prisoner (which chaunce hath
happened to many high princes) the kyng our master, highly
regardyng the peace of Christen princes, by which peace God
might the more be glorified : desired the Emperor to take
some resonable ende for his deliveraunce and for that pur
pose hath sent to him sondery Ambassadors, which gave them
eares, but dalied with them, and nothyng would do at all,
and regarded no more his requestes, then I would the desire
of my servaunt (and peraventure not so much) so that for
all gratuities and frendshippes to hym, by the kyng our
sovereigne lorde, at all tymes shewed, he sheweth himself
ingrate and ungentle, and for kyndnes rendereth unkyndnes :
as for the Frenche Kyng I assure you, he hath humbled
hymself asmuche as a prince maie, his honor saved. He
hath offered hym so great offers, that excepte he shoulde
geve hym his realme and Croune, he can offer no more
larger, which offers I assure you, sore minishe the beautie
of his Croune, whiche I shall brevely declare unto you.
For he offereth to paie five hundred thousand poundes
sterlyng, whereof three hundred thousande, to be paied in
hand, for the remnaunt sufficient Bankers to be bound, and
farther to discharge the Emperoure, of all suche sommes of
money, as he oweth to the kyng of Englande, and to deliver
hym a sufficient acquitaunce for the same. Also where the
French kyng should have, out of the kyngdome of Naples
an hundred thousande Crounes yerely, the Frenche kyng
will release the same pencion, with all the arrerages whiche
are no smal some. Also he will release his whole title and
right, which he hath to the Duchie of Millayne, hys very
enheritaunce, and he never to chalenge or claime the same
nor his posteritie. Also where the Countie of Flaunders maye

King Henry the VIII.

I25

maye lawfully appeale to the Parliamentes of Fraunce, from
judgementes geven by the Emperour or his Justices, he is
content to release the same superioritie and resorte, which
is a greate minishement to the prerogative royall, of the
Realme of Fraunce, for whiche of you (sayed the Cardinal)
would concent that the kyng should release his Seignioritie
or superioritie of Wales, Irelande, or Cornewall, I dare
saie you would rather spende your lives, and goodes.
Farther where the Frenche Kyng bought of the Kynge
the Citie of Tournay, for sixe hundred thousande Crounes
and odde, yet he is content to yelde and release the same
Citie to the Emperoure for ever, yea, and beside this he
offereth to take to wyfe, Elianor quene Dowager of
Portyngall, without any dower, yea, in her kirtel, and to
endowe her with tenne thousande Markes sterlyng by the
yere, and farther that the child yf it be a male, whiche shalbe
gotten of theim two, shalbe duke of Burgoyne, and be parte-
taker of all the honours of Fraunce, whiche is a greate
thyng : Also that the Dolphyn his sonne and heire, shall
mary the daughter of the saied Ladye Elianor, without any
treasure°to bee received for the same, whiche proffer is worthe
two hundred thousand Markes sterlyng.
Farther more, he wol lende the Emperour Shippes and
Mariners to conveigh hym to Rome, and also defende him
against all menne, yea, what woll he doo more, although
the kyng of Naver have maried hys awne sister, whose
Kyngdome the Emperour kepeth by force, yet he offereth
neither to ayde nor comforte hym against the Emperour, but
in his querel to be against him : Also he offereth to forsake
his old and approved frendes, Sir Robert de la Marche, and
the Duke of Gelders, whiche faithfully hat served the realme
of Fraunce, and al for the Emperours sake. But the
Emperoure saied he, is so indurate, so unkynde and wilfull,
that he neither regardes the reasonable requestes, nor yet the
kynges praiers nor requestes, but answered and sayed : that
yf the Frenche kyng can dooe all this, he shall have his children.
So that the Emperoure woll truste no manne, but every
manne muste truste hym : Yet the French Kyng offereth
farther, to withdrawe the puyssaun armye of the Lorde
Lawtrecke in Italy, and yet the same passeth prosperiously
forwarde, and is like to doo the Emperour more disavauntage,
then I wyll now reherse : but the Emperour is so proude, and

THE XIX.
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126

King Henry the VIII.

THE XIX.
YERE
[1527-28]

The murmor
of the
people.

Shippes
arrested.

and his people so cruell, that he nothyng regardeth these
offers : for what a crueltie was this, to pull doune Goddes
Vicar of Rome, and persecut the holy fathers by extreme
tyranny, violated the holy Sacrament, and threw the hostes
doune on the aultar, and like robbers toke the Pixe : and
farther in the Churche, they violated Virgins, and stupred
matrones, and dispoyled the holy Reliques of the citie of
Rome. And like as the kyng in huntyng tyme hath slain
iii. C. dere, and the garbage and paunches bee cast round
about, in every quarter of the Parke, so (saied the Cardinal)
every strete laye full of the privie members and genitures of*
the Cardinalles and holy prelates : the whole history were to
abhominable to tel. Yet notwithstandyng al these offers
motioned, and nothyng regardyng this detestable tyranny,
the which every good Christen man abhorreth, he will encline
to no reason. I am sure that I could shewe you xx. articles
of promises, which he hath broken with the Kyng : so that
I assure you, he kepeth no promise with our sovereigne lord,
also contra ius Gencium, which I am sure the greate Turke
woulde not dooe, he kepeth prisoner the kynges Ambassador
Docter Lee, the French Ambassador, and the Ambassadour
of Venice : and for asmuche as the Emperor refuseth these
offers, which amount to eight kynges raunsomes, I trust by
this warre we shall bridle hym, and brynge hym to peace,
and this occasion of warre, I would all you should declare in
your countrey.
When the Cardinal had saied, some knocked other on the
elbow, and sayd softly he lieth, other sayd, that evill wil
sayd never well, other saied that the French crounes, made
him speake evill of themperor, but thei that knewe all that
you have hard before saied, that it was shame for hym to lie
in suche an audience. The common people much lamented,
that war should arise betwene the kyng and themperor, and
especiall their consideracion was, because the Emperors
dominions, had holpen them with corne, and releved them
with grain, when thei could have no corne, or litle out of
Fraunce. And in this rumor wer diverse ships come out
of Flaunders and that parties, laden with Heryng, Sturgion,
and all other victale necessary, beside eight faire shippes,
which wenladen with corne, all the saied shippes, and all the
shippes of Spain, wer staied and arested, and their sailes
taken from them, and put in safe custodie. This doyng

was

King Henry the VIII.

127

was muche talked of by Merchantes, which frequented the
Emperors dominiyns, for thei knewe and openly sayd, that
the let of the entercourse of Merchantes, should turne to
the greate losse of the Princes, but yet Englishemen were
content, to obeye their kyng and his counsaill.
The declaration of warre in Englande against the
Emperoure, and the restraint of Shippes of the Emperoures
Subjectes, were shortly knowen to the Lady Margaret
daughter of Savoy, and aunte to the Emperour, which was
governor of Flaunders, Brabant, and Zelande and of all
the Lowe Countreis : wherfore she by the avice of the
Emperoures Counsaill to her associate, caused all the Eng
lishemen and their goodes and Shippes to be restrained, and
thei and their goodes were put in safe kepyng. Thus the
poore Merchantes suffered greate losse, for the doynges of
their Princes, as Horace saieth : Quicquid delirant Reges,
plectuntur Achivi : what soever kynges do, the Commons be
punished. Now after this sodain storme, which the Cardinal
had moved openly against the Emperour, for evill entreatyng
of the kynges Ambassadour, he had perfect knowlege that
the Emperor, bothe did the kynges Ambassador greate
honour, and also that he never restrained hym from his
libertie, wherupon he caused the Emperors Ambassador,
which before was restrained of his libertie, to bee sent to
his awne lodgyng again, and saied that by the reporte made
by the French Ambassadours, he him restraygned, and now
sithe he knewe the truthe, he motioned the Kyng for his
deliveraunce. The Emperours Ambassadour, called Don Hugo de
Mendosa, dissimuled the matter by apparant signes : and
the Cardinall the more to avoyde suspicion on his behalfe,
towarde all the worlde, saied : the kyng was enformed by
the French Ambassadours, that the Ambassadours of bothe
Princes were put in prison, and farther he saied that
Clarenseaux had made the defiaunce to the Emperoure
without the kynges commaundement, but onely did it by
the mocion of the French Ambassadours, to accompaignie
the French Herault, and for this presumpteous act, he
should suffre death at Calice at his returne : all these
excuses the Cardinall shewed to the Emperors Ambas
sador, which certified the Emperour of every poynt, and
sent the letter by poste into Spaine, which letters were
opened

THE xix.
YERE
[1527-28]

'¦)T1

128

King Henry the VIII.

THE XIX.
YERE
[1527-28]
Clareseaux
made a feard.

The wise
saiyng of the
kyng.

opened and copied, by the capitain of Bayon, as the poste
passed that waye. And when Clarenseaux returned home
ward out of Spain, the Capitain gently shewed to him the
copie of the letters, that the Emperours Ambassadoure had
written. Thynke you not but Clarenseaux was dismaied,
to here his daies so shorte : yet he trustynge in his truth, and
grace of his Prince, passed forward and came to Bullein,
where he hard worde again of the danger that he was in,
wherfore like a wise man he left Calice, and tooke a Ship
at Bullein, and landed at Rye, and came secretly to
Hampton Court, where the kyng, laye, and by frendeship
of sir Nicholas Carew, one of the kynges privie chamber,
he was brought to the kynges presence, or the Cardinal wist
of his returne and to hym shewed the three Letters, whiche
the Cardinal had sent to hym, chargyng hym to make the
defiaunce, or he did intimate the war. He declared farther,
that neither the Ambassadours of the kyng, nor the Frenche
kyng, nor he wer never sequestered from libertie, but gently
entertained, and to the kyng he shewed a chayne, to the
value of seven hundred Ducates, which the Emperoure had
geven hym, and shewed also the copie of the Emperoures
Ambassadoures letters, whiche he had at Bayon. When the
kynge had heard all the circumstaunce of his declaracion,
he mused a greate while, and saied : O Lord Jesu, he that
I trusted moste, tolde me all these thynges contrary, well
Clarenseaux I will be no more of so light credence here
after, for nowe I see perfectly, that I am made to beleve
the thyng that was never doen.
Then the Kyng sent for the Cardinall, and privily talked
with hym, but whatsoever he saied to hym, the Cardinal was
not very mery, and after that tyme, the Kyng mistrusted
hym ever after. When the kynge and his Counsaill, had
well digested the Emperoures answere, and his gentle
demeanor toward the kynges Ambassadors, and also had
pondered that the lowe countreis of the Emperor, wer glad
to please the kyng of Englande and his Subjectes : where
fore the Kynge commaunded, sir Jhon Stile knight, to dis
charge all the Duchemen and their Shippes, and delivered
their Sailes, and gave them license to returne : Naye said
the Duchmen, the Spanyardes and we be the Emperours
Subjectes, why should not thei be also discharged ? sir Jhon
Stile answered them, that his Commission was onely to
discharge

King Henry the VIII.

129

discharge them. The Duchmen fearyng that the Frenche
men would take the seas before them, and so to stop them,
departed hastely, curssyng the Cardinall as aucthor of this
war. When the Lady Margaret heard tell, howe the Duche
nacion with their Shippes and goodes were released, and not
the Spanyardes, she sent for the Englishe Merchauntes, and
to theim sayed: Sirs, sithe the Kyng your Master, hath
delivered onely the Duche men, and not the Spaniardes, we
relese your bodies free, to go at your libertie, but your
goodes shall remaine, till we knowe what shal become of
the Spaniardes, and when they be delivered, come for your
goodes, and you shall have theim delivered, thus the Eng
lishemen departed, and came to the kyng, and declared to
hym and his counsaill, how thei were entreated.
This warr with the Emperor was displeasant, both to
Merchantes and Clothiers, for the Merchauntes durste not
aventure into Spaine, sithe Aprill last past, and now was
come the xi. daye of March, wherfore all brode Clothes,
Kerseis, and Cottons, laye on their handes. In somuch
as when the Clothiers of Essex, Kent, Wilshire, Suffolk, and
other shires which use Clothmakyng, brought clothes into
Blackewel hall of London, to be sold as thei were wont to
do : fewe Merchantes or none bought any cloth at all.
When the Clothiers lacked sale, then thei put from theim
their spinners, carders, thickers, and such other that live by
clothworkyng which caused the people greatly to murmor,
and specially in Suffolke, for yf the duke of Norffolk had
not wisely appeased them, no doubt but thei had fallen
to some riotous act. When the kynges counsail was adver
tised of this inconvenience, the Cardinall sent for a greate
nomber of the Merchantes of London, and to them saied :
Sirs the kynge is informed, that you use not your selfes like
Merchantes, but like Grasiers and artificers : for wher the
Clothiers do daily bryng clothes, to your market for your
ease, to their greate cost, and there be ready to sell them,
you of your wilfulnes will not bye them, as you have been
accustomed to do : what maner of men be you sayd the
Cardinall ? I tel you that the kyng straightly commaundeth
you to bye their Clothes, as before tyme you have been
accustomed to do, upon payn of hys high displeasure.
The Merchantes answered, my lord you knowe well, that

we

THE xix.
YERE
[1527-28]

Complaynt
of the
Clothiers.

VOL. II.

R

i3°

King Henry the VIII.

THE XIX.
YERE
[1527-28]

we have had no trade outward this twelve monethes paste,
and we have so many clothes in our handes, that we knowe
not how to utter them, therfore it were greate losse to us
to bye any more : wherfore we trust you wil not move us to
bye the thyng, whiche we cannot utter, for in all places our
vent is stopped and forbidden. Well sayed the Cardinal,
yf you will not bye the clothes at Blackewell hall, they shall
be brought to the White Hall at Westminster, and so you
of London shall lose the libertie, and the kyng shall bye
them all, and sell them to Merchant straungers. Then
answered a wise Merchant, my lord, the kyng maye bye
them aswel at Blackewell hall, yf it please him, and the
straungers wyll gladlyer receive theim there, then at West
minster : You shal not ordre that matter, saied the Cardinall,
and first I will sende into London, to knowe what Clothes
you have in your handes, and that doen the kyng and his
counsaill shall appoynt who shall bye the Clothes I warrant
you, with this answere the Londoners departed.
When the Clothiers hard that the Cardinall toke their
part, they waxed proude, and spake evill of the Merchantes,
and when the Merchantes came to bye Clothes, the Clothiers
set them hire, then thei were accustomed to be solde : but
at length thei were fain, bothe to abate the price, and also
to seke of the Merchant men, for all the Cardinalles saiynge.
If this warre was displeasaunt to many in Englande (as
you have hard) surely it was asmuch or more displeasant, to
the tounes and people of Flaunders, Brabant, Hollande, and
Zelande, and in especiall to the tounes of Andwarpe and
Barrow, where the Martes wer kept, and where the resorte of
Englishmen was, for thei saied that their Martes were undoen,
yf the Englishemen came not there, and yf there were no
Marte, their Shippes, Hoyes, and Waggons might rest, and
all artificers, Hostes, and Brokers might slepe, and so the
people should fai into miserie and povertie, of these thinges
daily complaintes were made to the lady Margaret, and the
Emperors counsail, whiche wisely pondered the complaintes,
and after long consultacion had, thei appoynted certain
Ambassadors to go to the kyng of England, and to entreate
for a truce, or abstinence of warre, which Ambassadors came
into England, and associated themselfes with Don Hugo
de Mendosa, Ambassadour there for the Emperor : the one
Ambassador was Provoste of Cassell, and the other Master Jhon

King Henry the VIII.

l3*

Jhon Lay sovereigne of Flaunders : these iii. Ambassadors
came to the kyng, the xxix. day of Marche to Richemond
and after reverence doen, the lorde Hugo de Mendosa said
to the kyng, sir themperours Majestie so much knowlegeth
hymself bound to your grace, for manifolde kynde actes and
benevolences, doen and shewed to hym sith his tendre age,
that he in no wise woll take the defiaunce, doen by your
Herault as a paremptory intimation of warre, tyll he had
heard farther of your pleasure, and therfore his counsaill
hath sent hether these twoo noble persones and me, to
knowe your determinate answer, and finall resolucion in
that behalfe. The Kynge after a good avisement had,
answered and saied: Of warre I am nothyng joyfull, and
of warre I am lesse fearefull, I thanke God I have no cause
to care for warre, for I have bothe men and money, and all
thyng ready prepared for the same, (whiche thynges I knowe
the other princes lacke, for all their high wordes) and ther
fore to that question of warre, I could sone agre, but or I
make you a determinate answere, some part of my mynd I
will declare to you, and I tell you although your Master be
a greate Emperor, and a mightie Prince, I cannot nor maie
not suffre hym, to bere doune and destroye the realme of
Fraunce, which is our true inheritance and for the whiche
our brother and alie the French kyng, paieth us yerely a
great pencion and tribute, wherefore we of Justice and
equitie, muste maintein that lande, out of whiche we have
so faire a rent and suche a profite.
Then saied the Provost of Cassell, yea sir, and it please
you to call to your remembraunce, the olde and auncient love
and familiaritie, whiche hath been betwene youre Realme,
and the houses of Burgoyne and Flaunders, and the lowe
countreys, I assure you the people of all those countreis will
live and dye with you, above all men next their sovereigne
Lord, wherefore moste noble Prince never consent, that olde
love that hath so long continued, be now broken and sepe-
rated : we saie this for no feare, for we be well furnished for
war, bothe of men and strong castles, all whiche before this
tyme hath been at your commaundement, and therfore the
love that we have ever borne you, we continue and offer you
nowe to continue : and where we offre you choyse of war or
peace, at your pleasure, surely the Emperour meaneth that
for youre honor, as though you should commaunde which you

THE XIX.
YERE
[1527-28]
The saiynge
of Hugo de
Mendosa.

The kynges
answere.

x32

King Henry the VIII.

THE XIX.
YERE
[1527-28]
The saiynge
of Hugo de
Mendosa.

you would : and yf you chose warre, we have commission
to entreate for peace, and you chose peace, we have like
commission to thanke you, and to offre us and ours at your
commaundement. Then saied the Lorde Hugo de Mendosa
to the kyng, sir of very right the Emperor and his countreis,
ought to have your love and favor, before the French kyng
and his nation : for the Frenchmen in the tyme of their
affliction, made humble sutes and requestes to your grace,
which thei never would do in the tyme of their prosperitie,
but the Emperour hath ever continued one man at all tymes,
wherefore he is better to be trusted, then they which never
wer long true to you. Wel said the kyng sithe I have well
perceived the intent of your commyng, I woll be avised, and
then I will make you an avised answere, and in the meane
season I am content, that there be an abstinence of warre for
a tyme, so the Ambassadours departed for a season, and the
Provost of Casselles, departed to the lady Margaret with
this answere.
After this the kyng which was wise, wel learned, and a
farre castyng prince, consulted with his counsaill of this
matter, and there after long debatyng it was considered,
that the kynge was riche, strong, and puyssant inough to
make warre with any prince Christen, and that no prince
could hurte hym by warre or invasion, therfore some
thought it best to have warre, but the king and the wiser
sort considered that yf he had war with the Emperor, that
his marchauntes should lese muche, and if thei lost, the
clothiers and the clothworkers, of which were a great, multi
tude should lese and be brought to extreme povertie. For
it was considered, that the Emperor was Lord of all Spayne,
Napels, Sardinia and so southward to Epuskaia, and likewise
northest ward from Gravelin to Rye and Revel, so that
Engiysh marchauntes passyng on those coastes were ever in
daunger. Also no Alarme could come into England but
through hys dominions, by reason wherof cloth making
should decay. Wherfore the kyng considered if the
marchauntes lost, the porer sorte should lese, and at
length he should lese in his customes. Wherfore leaving
the glorye of warre he tooke mercy on hys subjectes and
concluded to take peace for a tyme, til farther communica
cion myght be had betwene hys counsayl and the Emperors.
And upon this point letters wer sent into Spayne, Fraunce, and

King Henry the VIII.

l33

and Flaunders, and so this matter continued undetermined
til answeres wer brought from outward partes.
In this season the bishop of Baion whiche afterward was
bishop and Cardinall of Paris beyng ambassador from the
French kynge and sojornyng in London, heard tel how the
Emperors ambassadors made much suite to the kynge and
his counsayll, wher he came to the court and desyred to
speake wyth the kynge, and so was brought to the kinges
presence, to whom he sayd : pleaseth your hyghnes to
consyder the great and high peace, that is concluded
betwene you and your lovinge brother and perpetual alye
the French king my maister, which is ratefyed and con
firmed by the thre estates of the realme of Fraunce, by the
whych you have yerely xx. M. pound sterlyng, which realme
you have promised to defende against al persones : Nowe in
shewyng your love that you beare to the Frenche kyng and
his subjectes. If you would make sharpe warre on the
Emperors subjectes, I assure you the whole realme of
Fraunce would take it so thankefullye that it should never
bee forgotten. Well sayd the kyng, as touching the league
and amitie betwene my brother of Fraunce and me it shal be
inviolately kept for me, but sir to enter into warre it nedeth
no counsayl, but how to end war with honor and profyte
men must nedes study. As touchyng the defence of the
realme of Fraunce, I assure you it shalbe defended to my power
thoughe it bee to my losse, and my studie is no lesse to have
a peace whiche myght be honorable to your mayster, then
to myne owne selfe. With which saying the Ambassador
held wel contented. So that you may perceyve that the
greate pencion and profyt that the kyng of England had
out of Fraunce with the great league and amitie concluded
and sworne, was the very cause why the kyng of England so
much helde wyth the French kyng and not for mere love.
For thys matter was dayly great counsayles, and one day the
Emperors ambassador was present, another day the French
kings ambassador was present, but the Cardinal was ever on
the French part. So thus contynued this dayly counsayles wer
great study.
In the same season a Frenche Crayer of xxx. tonne
manned wyth xxxviii. Frenchemen lay at Margate to wayte
for a pray for some Flemyng that shoulde come out of the
river of Thames, and by chaunce a Crayer of Armew which was

THE xix.
YERE
[1527-28]

The suyte of
the Frenche
ambassadors.

The kynges
aunswere.

134 King Henry the VIII.

THE XIX.
YERE
[1527-28]

A ship
chased to the
Tower
wharfe.

was appointed to waft the fisher boates betwene Gravelyn
and Ostend, was come by North of Goodwyn sandes to
Northsand head and so came to Gravesend and toke in
bread: This Crayer was of xxviii. tonne and had in her
xxiiii. Fleminges : When she was vitayled she made to the
sea warde, and sodainly he espyed the Frenchmen whyche
hoved under a saile. The Flemynges mystrusted and
incontinent put themselfes in a readynes and came so nye
that he hayled the Frenchman, the Frenchman shot a piece
of ordinaunce and with that layde the Fleminge aborde,
there was sore fightinge, for the Frenchman had crosbowes
and the Fleminges had handgunnes. The Frencheman fell
of and would have bene gone, that seyng the Flemynge
whysteled and after the Frenchman made sayle. Now the
winde was so straynable East that the Frenchman could saile
no whither but into the Thames, and so he did and the
Fleming folowed, and before Gravesend the Flemyng
borded the Frenchman, and there they fought again, but
away again went the Frenchman and the Fleminge after
with all his sailes, and so farre sailed the Frenchman that he
ranne a longe the Tower wharffe, as though he should have
reven hys shyppe, the Flemyng set on and entered the shippe
for anye thinge the Frenchman could do and cryed I have
taken the thefe. Sir Emond Walsingham Livetenaunt of
the Tower was on the wharffe and saw them fight called his
men and entered the shippes and toke bothe capitaynes and
their men. The Fleming boldlye chalenged his pryse, for
he sayde that open warre was betwene Fraunce and
Flaunders, and sayd farther that the Frencheman was a
Pyrate : The kynges counsail toke up the matter, and
made an ende betwene them. Thys chaunce was much
talked of, that twoo shippes shoulde sayle in chase from
Margate to the Tower wharffe because that before time
such a like thing had never ben hard.
Now let us returne to the lord Lawtrick which had
gotten many tounes in Italy, and had with his great army
besieged the citie of Napels and so it happened that the
Prince of Orenge and other captaynes the xix. day of
Apryl set on a .great part of the Frenche army, and not-
wythstandyng their hardines the Emperors army obteyned
the victory, so from that tyme forth the Frenchemen lost,
what by pestylence whyche then was great in Italy, and what by

King Henry the VIII. 135

by sodaine skirmyshes. Thys yere the xxii. day of February
the Kynge created at Wyndsor Sir Pierce Buelar of Ireland,
erle of Osserey.

THE XX. YERE.
THE kyng kept the day of sainct George with the
companions of the order of the Garter wyth great
solempnitie at his manor of Richemond, where to
him came tidynges from the army of the lorde Lawtrick in
Italy, which letters shewed that the lorde Lawtrick had sent
the Lorde Peter de Navarro the third day of Marche last
past to a great toune called Melffe with x. M. Frenchmen,
and within the toune were viii. C. Spanyardes good men of
warre, the lord Peter de Navarro besieged the toune, and
after gave to the same a great assaute, but the Spaniardes so
defended them with ordinaunce and resistences that they
slew v. or vi. M. Frenchmen and caused them to retrete.
The lord Lawtrick hearyng this came in person with a
great nomber to the toune of Smel and merveilously bet
the toune with ordinaunce and then gave to it a great and
fierse assaut, and so sore that the Spaniardes were put back,
yet they defended them, so that it was mervail to beholde,
for they slewe and destroyed iiii. M. Frenchmen. The
Frenche kyng entered the toune on all sides, and yet the
Spanyardes kept the market with their ordinaunce, as long
as they might, but at the last beyng oppressed wyth multi
tude they al were slayne without mercy, so cruell were the
Frenchmen : In this toune was taken the prince of Melff a
noble man perteigninge to the Emperor. Thus was the
toune of Melffe taken and spoyled, not greatly to the
Frenchemennes profyte, for they lost almost x. M. men
which sore diminished their power.
Although that this season was an abstinence or war taken
betwene the kyng of Englande and the lady Margaret so
that the dutche nacyon might safely come and go into
England, and the Englishmen might safely repaire thither,
yet betwene the Frenchmen and the Flemings was hot warre
on the frontiers, and many a prisoner was taken, and manye
men slain, and like wise the one part toke the other on the
seas, and sometime the Frenchmen woulde spoyle Englishe shyppes,

THE xix.
YERE
[1527-28]

\o,6

King Henry the VIII.

THE XX.
YERE
[1528-29]

shyppes, saiynge that they hadde Flemynges goodes or
Spaniardes goodes, and likewise the Fleminges would enter
the Englyshe shyppes, and say they had Frenchmens goodes,
so the Englishmen lost til the king sent shippes to kepe the
sea : But for a trueth the Spanyardes were stronge on the
sea, and to the Frenchmen dyd much harme. The kynge
perceivinge that there was nothing concluded betwene
themperor and him, thought not to be behinde hand,
wherfore he ordayned that the lord Sandes shuld passe to
Guisnes with a M. souldiers that was v. C. archers and v. C.
horsemen and that the duke of Suffolke should passe over
after wyth a great army to invade Flaunders. These lordes
made much preparation and mustred their men at the
Mantels beside S. Jhones and was redy to departe, but the
Emperors ambassador and thambassadors of Flaunders so
much did with the kinge and his counsail (and the French
king also assented) that truce was taken betwene England,
Flaunders, and the countreyes of Picardy on thys syde the
water of Some for viii. monethes, the peace to begin the first
day of May, and to endure to the last daye of February.
Thys peace was proclaymed in London on the xix. daye of
June, so that now al Englishmen myght lawfully passe into
the low countreis, but not into Spain, which sore greved
marchauntes that haunted that parties. In the same pro
clamation was farther conteined, that yf a final peace wer
not fully agreed betwene the said thre princes wythin the
sayde viii. monethes, that then al marchauntes should have
two monethes after to passe into their owne countreyes
with their wares and marchaundyses in safetie. The
Emperor sone enclyned to thys peace, for he saw that by
the Mart many of his frendes in high Dutchland and other
places toke greate profite and especially his own low
countreys, wherfore he thought not to hurt his frendes for
the displeasure he bare to hys enemies of Fraunce, and also
to shew him self loving to the king of England he was
content to take this peace.
In this season the duke Charles of Gelders perceiving the
Emperor was at war with Fraunce, raised a great power of
horsemen and came to a great toune of Holland called the
Hage where the lawe and justice is kept for that countrey,
by reason wherof the toune was very ryche, and sodainly he
entred the toune without resistence and spoyled and robbed the

King Henry the VIII.

l37

the toune, and slew diverse persons and with much riches
laded their wagons, and so departed and caryed with him
divers rich prysoners. The lady Margarete governesse of
the low countreis hearing of this raised a great power under
the conduict of the lord Iselsteinge, whych lord with a great
puissance entered Gelderland and gat the toune of Hatton,
the casde of Howtyng, and forrayed and destroyed the
countrey : lastly on Whitsonday beynge the laste day of
Maye the Gelders gave battel to the lord Iselsteinge, and
fought valiauntly as any men coulde do, but yet by fortune
of warre they were overcome and fled, and wer chased a great
way and many slayn. This chaunce was while the treatie of
peace was in England.
In the very ende of May began in the citie of London the
sicknes called the sweating sicknes, and afterwarde went al
the realme almost of the which many died within v. or vi.
houres. By reason of this sicknes the terme was adjorned
and the circuities of Assise also. The king was sore troubled
with this plage, for divers dyed in the court, of whom one
was sir Fraunces Poynes which was Ambassador in Spayne,
and other, so that the kyng for a space removed almost
every day, tyl at the last he came to Titynhangar a place of
the Abbotte of S. Albones and there he with a few deter
mined to byde the chaunce that God woulde send him,
whych place was so purged dayly with fyers and other
preservatives, that neither he nor the quene nor none of
their company was enfected wyth that disease, such was the
pleasur of God. In this great plage dyed sir Wyliyam Compton
knyght and William Cary esquyer whyche wer of the kinges
privy chamber, and whom the kyng hyghly favored and
many other worshipful men and women in England.
By reason of this plague the watches whiche were wont to
be kept yerely in London on saint Jhons even at Mydsommer
and saint Peters even were by the kyng and hys counsaill
commaunded to be left for that yere, wherfore the Armores
made great suite to the Kynge and declared their great
hynderaunce, whiche was not so muche considered as the
mischief that might have ensued yf that so great a nomber
should have assembled together in that hote time and the
plage of sweatyng rayning. Now let us leave England all
this Sommer season troubled and vexed with this sweating
sicknes, and let us returne to the affayres of Italy. The
VOL. II.

THE XX.
YERE
[1528-29]

The sweat
yng sicknes.

138

King Henry the VIII.

THE XX.
YERE
[1528-29]

The Emperor whiche knew how the lord Lawtrick was in
Italy with a great army, thought it not for his profite to leave
his army there unsuccored, wherfore he sent the lorde Henry
the yonger duke of Brunswike with a great company of
Almaynes both on fote and horsebacke. Wherfore the
Venitians set Fraunces Duke of Orbyne to kepe the
straytes and to stoppe him the passage : But when he heard
of the puissaunce of the duke of Brunswycke and the
great municions and provisions of warre that the Almaynes
brought, he turned his jorney, and by advise of the
Venicians determined to fortifie the tounes and to defende
them against the Almaynes, and so the duke of Brunswyke
with his armye passed the mountaines and entered Italy
burnyng, rasynge and raunsomyng tounes as he passed,
and ever he marched toward Myllain, wherof hearyng the
Mylleners which were brought to extreme povertie by
these warres beganne to lament and waile for the great
tyranny that they judged to folowe whiche folowed in
dede. For when the Almaines came to Myllayn and
demaunded money of the Citezens, they that had nothyng
to paye, were tyed in chaynes and kept miserably in prison
tyll they had made some provision for the payment, whyche
caused the Citezens to flee out of the citie and to leave it in
maner desolate : whiche thyng Anthony de Leva perceivyng,
moved with great compassion for the desolation of the citie
called the Citezens together and promised them that yf they
would paye the wages of the souldiers for xx. dayes onely,
he would cause all the whole army to remove out of the
citie, the poore citezens made shyft and payed the souldiers,
and so they all departed from Myllayne and came to the
citie of Pavye and toke it with litle labor and after that tooke
divers other tounes.
Anthony de Leva knewe well the Duke of Brunswycke
woulde in the spryng of the yere set forward towarde Naples
to ayde the Emperors armye against the lorde Lawtrick,
therefore he desired the Duke that or he passed out of the
duchye of Myllayne, he woulde put all the Frenchemen out
of suche fortresses as they kept, whiche thyng he sayd might
be easely done consideryng the great puissaunce of the
Almaynes and the debilitie and lacke of power of the Duke
of Myllayne, and in especiall consideryng that the Venicians
kept their tounes and wold not ayde the Frenche parte, to the
whiche

King Henry the VIII.

l39

whiche persuasions the Duke agreed and went toward the
citie of Lawde to the which thei gave the assaut, but they
within so well defended it that the Almaynes lost more then
they wanne, wherfore the duke determined to famishe them
within for he knewe by their great nomber that their vitaile
must nedes fayle and so it did in dede, so that no creature
but men of war had any vitaile and therfore the poore
Citezens were compelled either to go into the handes of
their enemies or to dye for famyn.
In this season was through all Italy a universall warre,
famyn and pestilence or a morreyn wherof the people died
in every place, and in especially in the Dukes armye whiche
caused the moste part of the Almaynes to returne into their
countrey, wherfore the duke wisely considered the chaunce
and saw that his army was greatly minisshed by death, and
saw farther that for lacke of vitaile and money he was not
able to convey the remnaunt of his armye to Naples, by the
advise of Anthony de Leva concluded to returne and so
shortly after in good order returned and lost more by the
pestilence then by his enemies.
The Frenche kyng was advertised by the lorde Lawtrick
how his people decayed sore before Naples, and how the
Duke of Brunswyke was commyng to raise the siege and
reskue the citie, wherfore the French kyng sent lorde
Fraunces erle saint Poul brother to the duke of Vandosme
with viii. M. men to folowe the duke of Brunswyke to
Naples, and yf he went not to Naples, then he should joyne
himselfe with Fraunces Sforcia duke of Myllayne and the
Venicians and so to expel Anthony de Leva and all the
Emperors souldiers out of Lombardy.
The Spaniardes within Naples were advertised that new
succors were commyng to the Frenchmen, wherfore they
determined to fight with them or their new ayde came, and
so one day they issued out of the citie and fought with the
Frenchemen and slewe many of them, but by force they
were compelled to returne. The lorde Lawtrick knew well
that the citie could not holde long for lacke of vitaile (for a
suertie yf vitaile had not come by sea, the toune had been
yelded) wherfore the lord Lawtrick suffered his armye to lye
still in the plaine fielde all the heate of the Sommer and
brought theim not to the shadow, by reason wherof there
fell suche a disease amongest his armye that they dyed daily

in

THE xx.
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140

King Henry the VIII.

THE XX.
YERE
[1528-29]
The death at
Naples.

in great nomber and he hymselfe fell sicke and lefte the
Armye and lay at Verse, of the whiche mortalitie there
dyed in the Frenche campe above xxiiii. M. men besyde
the moste parte of all their horses and beastes, of whiche
nomber as divers wryters do agree there dyed above v. M.
gentlemen, amongest whom there dyed the lord Vawdemont
brother to Anthony duke of Lorraine, the lorde of Graunt-
mount, the capitain Molyac, the lorde Lavall of the
Dolphenye, the capitaine Luper, the lorde Charles Vyvone
lorde of Chataygneray sonne to the Lord Andrewe of
Vyvone Seneschal of Poytew, and many other noblemen of
name. Duryng whiche plague the toune of Cappe (whiche moste
of all the tounes in the realme of Naples helde on the Frenche
part) became imperiall and turned to the Emperors part.
Whereof hearyng the lorde Lawtrick made therfore great
sorowe, and beyng some what amended of his disease, tooke
his horse and came to visite the Campe, and when he sawe
his nomber so minished and his Campe so desolate of people
that he perceived that his enterprise could not be performed,
he fell into suche a malencoly that his sickenes toke him more
fervently then before, so that within two daies after, which
was the xxi. day of August he died at and hys body
was sered and conveyed after into Fraunce.
The Marques of Saluce which was Livetenaunt under the
lorde Lawtrick called to counsel the erle Guy of Rancon and
Peter de Naver and other capitaines that wer left, and after
long consultacion they considered their nomber to be to
small either to kepe the siege or to abide battell, for they
passed not v. M. in all. Wherfore they concluded to leve
the siege and to returne, and so the xxv. daye of August
they brake up their Campe and returned toward Fraunce,
in which returne the Spaniardes ever costed them, and when
thei tooke any Frencheman at advauntage, they either slewe
or tooke them. Thus was the ende of this jorney by reason
of the great mortalitie, which yf it had not happened, the
citie and the whole realme of Naples had been recovered :
For the citie of Naples could not have holden x. daies, after
the army removed as they confessed after.
The Erie of saint Poul (whiche was appointed to passe
into Italye as you have heard before) knew nothyng of the
mortalitie at Naples. Wherfore with all spede he passed the
mountaines

¦ -¦ 1 .»¦. !¦,.'

King Henry the VIII.

141

mountaines the same season that the duke of Brunswyke
returned and came into the duchy of Myllain and tooke
certaine fortresses which the Emperors power had wonne,
and after that the aydes of the Venicians and Duke Fraunces
Sforcias were joyned with him, he besieged the citie of Pavye
and within a fewe dayes the citie was taken by force and the
walles beaten doune to the ground for dispite that the
Frenche kyng was taken before the toune. These doynges
were not so muche pleasaunt to the Frenche kynge as the losse
of the citie of Geane was to him displeasaunt. For the same
season Andrewe Dorye whyche was all the doer for the
French kyng on the sea, and had before tyme in the
Frenche kynges quarel vanquished the lord Hugo Viceroy
of Naples, and had taken the Marques of Gnasto and
Ascayne de Columna and other capitaine belongyng to the
Emperor, whiche prisoners the French kyng commaunded
hym to deliver into his handes, which thing Andrew Dory
thought not reasonable, consideryng that he tooke him, and
for that cause and because his wages was not payed, he tooke
his Galeys and sayled to Geane where he was borne and also
was there of great authoritie and estimation, and there he so
persuaded the people that they became imperiall and toke
Trenulsius the Frenche kynges frende and put him in
warde, and prepared to defende the citie against the
French kynges power, whereof hearyng the Erie of saint
Poule sent in all hast his light horsemen to succor the citie
but or thei came the citezens wer so furnished that the
Frenchmen had no hope of recovery, wherfore thei returned
to Alexandry, and there thei counsailed together how to take
the citie of Myllayne which was sore desolate of people and
brought to greate mischiefe by the crueltie of Spaniardes and
Almaines, but when they heard tel that the Emperor had
sent ii. M. Spaniardes to ayde Anthony de Leva, thei
chaunged their purpose and determined to recover the
citie of Geane againe. For which purpose the Earle left
the Venicians at Casyan, and the power of duke Fraunces
Sforcie he left at Pavye to kepe the passages that the
Spaniardes should not stray farre abrode, and also to kepe
the passages that no vitayle should come to the Spaniardes
whiche at that tyme had onely the citie and castle of Myllain
and none other fortresse to resorte to. And therle hymselfe
lay at a vyllage called Landryan, and for the more spede of
his

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142

King Henry the VIII.

THE XX.
YERE
[1528-29]

Anthony de
Leva
encorageth his souldiers.

A Lamisado.

his enterprise he sent his forward with all his artillery before
toward Geane, havyng with him his middle warde and rere-
warde. Of all these doynges Anthony de Levaliyng at
Myllayn by his espyals was truly from tyme to tyme
advertised, wherfore he lyke a polletike capitaine con
sidered how the erle had done folishly to sende his
ordinaunce and forward before, he therfore determined to
take the avauntage of the Frenchemen yf he might, and so
called to him all hys capitaines and to theim sayd : Felowes
in armes and souldiors to the Emperor our master, see and
consider what a great occasion of victory is offered to us this
present day, for the Venicians and the Sforcians be severed
from the Frenchemen, and therle of saint Poul with part of
his army lyeth at Landryan and hath sent his forward and
his ordinaunce toward Geane, wherefore we wil set on him
sodaynly if you agree, and if we overcome him the prayse
shalbe ours, and if he flye at our commyng yet folowyng
hym we shall get a great pray and botie. To this entent all
the other souldiers agreed (for thei wer very nedy and glad
to have somewhat) and so he caused it to be proclaymed that
all his men should be redy at an houre, and that every man
shoulde have a white shyrte above his apparel that one in the
darke might know another, and when every man was ready
and the evenyng approched, Anthony de Leva accordyng to
his enterprise set forwarde and was all armed and satte in a
chayre caried by iiii. strong persones.
When the citezens of Myllain saw him thus armed and
borne in chayre and knew wel that he had a ronning gout
and could not stirre him self, they mervayled much of his
audacitie, but by the experience of other thinges by hym
done, they judged that he entended some great enterprise,
but because the nomber of his people was so litle, they
doubted the sequele of hys adventure. But for all theyr
imagynacyons he wyth hys people secretely issued out of
Millain and passed forward without any noyse, and in the
mornyng sodaynly set on therle of S. Poule and hys army,
so that the erle had no leysure to send for hys ordinaunce,
and forward, but was fayne to trust to such as were then
wyth hym. And at the fyrst brunte the Almaynes fled, and
the French horsemen also, and with a litle fight al the other
fled, and as the Erie him self was flyenge over a great diche
on horsebacke, he with the erle Guy of Raucon and the lord
Castyllyon

King Henry the VIII.

"43

Castyllyon and many other lordes and gentlemen wer taken
prisoners and al their vitail, purveyaunce and artillery wer
prayes to themperors souldiers whych much refreshed them.
After this jorney the French kyng had no army in Italy,
wherfore Fraunces Sforcia seing hymself destitute of ayde,
made meanes to the Emperor by Pope Clement for the
appointment both of the duchy of Myllain and also for
his answer of certain treasons, of the which he was accused
to themperor, to whom themperor answered that the next
sommer he would come into Italy to receive hys Emperial
croune, ond then he would take such an order as ryght and
equitie should require. This was the ende of the warres
begon betwene the king of England and the French king
on the one party and the emperor on the other partie, in the
xix. yere of the king as you have hearde before. For after
thys jorney the lady Margaret duches of Savoy and aunt to
themperor, and the lady Loyse duches of Angulesme and
mother to the French kyng continually labored, for a peace,
so that by their meanes a treaty was appointed to be kept at
Cambray in June folowyng, as you shal heare after.
Now let us returne to the kyng of England which was in
a great scruple of his conscience and not quyet in hys mynd,
because the dyvers divines well learned secretely enformed
him that he lived in adultry with hys brothers wife to the
great peril of his soule, and told him farther that the court
of Rome could not dispence with Gods commaundement and
precept. These thinges were talked among the common
people sith the fyrst day of his mariage as you have heard
before, insomuch that now the kynges counsailors advysed
hym to know the trueth. Wherfore he lyke a wyse prynce
for quyeting of his conscyence called together the best
lerned of the realme which were of several opinions, wher
fore he thought to know the trueth by indifferent judges lest
peraventure the Spaniardes in favor of the quene would say
that hys owne subjectes wer not indifferent judges, wherfore
he wrote hys cause to Rome because the best clerkes in
Christendom wer there, and also he sent to al the
universities of Italy and Fraunce and to the great Clerkes
of al Christendom to know their opinions, and desired the
court of Rome to send into his realm a legate to heare the
cause debated whiche should be indifferent and of a great
judgement. At whose request the whole consistorie of the
college

THE xx.
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i44

King Henry the VIII.

THE XX.
YERE
[1528-29]

The cardinal
Campeius
commyng to
London.

The oracion.

college of Rome sent thyther Laurence Campeius a prest
Cardinal, a man of great wit and experience, but more
lerned in the papal law then in divinitie, which was sent as
legate into England in the x. yere of this king as you have
heard in the sayd yere, and with him was joyned in com
mission the cardinal of Yorke and legate of England, and so
this cardinal Campeius by long jorneyes came into England,
and much preparacion was made to receive him triumphantly
into London, but he was so sore vexed with the goute, that
he refused al suche solempnities, and desired hertely that he
might without pompe be conveyed to his lodging for his
more quiet and rest, and so the ix. day of October he came
from saint Mary Overeys by water to the bishop of Bathes
place wythout Temple barre, where he lodged the last tyme
he was in England. Where he was visited of the Cardinall
of Yorke and divers other estates and prelates. And after
he had rested him a season and was somewhat releved of his
payne, he was brought to the kinges presence then liyng at
Brydewel by the cardinall of yorke and was caryed in a
chayer of Crimosin velvet borne betwene iiii. persones, for
he was not able to stand, and the cardynall of yorke and he
sat both on the ryght hand of the kinges throne, and there
one Frauncisco secretary to cardinal Campeius made an
eloquent Oracion in the latin tongue, in the whiche he
rehersed, first with what crueltie the Emperors soldiers had
handeled the pope, what tyranny they had shewed the
cardinals and priestes, what sacrilege and spoyle thei had
committed in sainct Peters churche, how thei had violat
virgins, ravished mennes wives, and in conclusion spoiled,
robbed and tormented al the Romaines and inhabitauntes in
the cyty of Rome : and farther he shewed what frendship
the college of Rome found at the kinges handes and the
French kynges in the tyme of the tribulation, that yf they
had not joyned together, the cyty of Rome with al their
governors had bene brought to utter ruine and decay, for
the which he sayd that pope Clement and al his college of
cardinals and the Senators of the cyty with al the cytezens
rendered to the king their harty thankes, and promised him
their love, favor and amity perpetual. Thys oracion (as
concerning the trouble of Rome) was set forth wyth such
lamentacyons, such abhominable actes and tyrannies that the
most part of the hearers thought it more eloquent then true.
To

King Henry the VIII.

H5

To the which Oracion doctor Fox Provost of Cambridge
made a discrete answer and as to the fyrst poynt he declared
that the king much lamented to heare hys frendes, yea or
any other Christen men to be ordered or handeled with such
tyranny and oppression : and as touching the second poynt
he sayd that the kyng did but the dutie of a christen prince
to releve his frendes beyng in captivitie, for the which he
wold that the whole citie of Rome shoulde geve thankes to
God and not to him. After whiche aunswere made the two
legates communed secrete ly wyth the king a long space and
after departed to their lodgyng.
Of the comming of this Legate the common people beyng
ignorante of the truth and in especial women and other that
favored the quene talked largely, and said that the king
would for his owne pleasure have another wife and had sent
for this legate to be devorsed from his quene, with many
folyshe wordes, insomuche, that whosoever spake against the
mariage was of the common people abhorred and reproved,
which common rumour and folishe communications wer
related to the king, wherfore he lyke a prudent prince and
circumspect doer in all his affaires, and willing all men to
know his entent and purpose, caused al his nobilitie, Judges
and counsaylors with divers other persons to come to his
palace of Brydewell on sonday the viii. day of November at
after none in his great chamber and there to them sayd as
nere as my witte could beare away these wordes folowyng.
Our trustie and welbeloved subjectes both you of the
nobilitie and you of the meaner sort, it is not unknowen to
you how that we, both by Goddes provision and true and
lawful inheritaunce have reigned over this realme of
England almost the terme of xx. yeres. During which
time we have so ordered us, thanked be God, that no
outward enemy hath oppressed you nor taken any thyng
from us, nor we have invaded no realme, but we have had
victory and honor, so that we thinke that you nor none of
your predecessors never lived more quietly, more wealthy,
nor in more estimation under any of our noble progenitors :
But when we remember our mortalitie and that we must die,
then we thinke that al our doynges in our lyfe time are
clerely defaced and worthy of no memorie if we leave you in
trouble at the time of our death. For if our true heire be
not knowen at the time of our death, se what mischiefe and
trouble
VOL. II.

THE XX.
YERE
[1528-29]
The
answere.

The kynges
Oracion con-
cernyng his
first mariage.

146 King Henry the VIII.

THE XX.
YERE
[1528-29]

The prayse
of the
Quene.

trouble shal succede to you and your children. The experi
ence ther of some of you have sene after the death of
oure noble grandfather kynge Edward the iiii. and some
have heard what mischiefe and manslaughter continues in
this realme betwene the houses of Yorke and Lancaster, by
the which dissension this realme was like to have bene
clerely destroyed. And although it hath pleased almighty
God to send us a fayre doughter of a noble woman and me
begotten to our great comfort and joy, yet it hath ben told
us by diverse great clerkes, that neither she is our lawfull
doughter nor her mother our lawful wyfe, but that we lyve
together abhominably and detestably in open adultry, in so
much that when our ambassadeiwas last in Fraunce and mocion
was made that the Duke of Orleance should mary our sayd
doughter, one of the said chief counsaylors to the French
kyng sayd, It wer wel done to know whither she bee the
kyng of England his lawfull doughter or not, for well
knowen it is that he begat her on his brothers wyfe whych
is directly against gods law and his precept. Thinke you
my lordes that these wordes touche not by body and soule,
thinke you that these doynges do not daily and hourly
trouble my conscience and vexe my spirites, yes we doubt
not but that yf it wer your owne cause every man would seke
remedy, when the peril of your soul and the losse of your
inheritaunce is openly layd to you. For this only cause I
protest before God and in the worde of a prince, I have
asked counsayll of the greatest clerkes in Christendome, and
for this cause I have sent for this legate as a man indifferent
only to know the truth and so to setle my conscience, and
for none other cause as God can judge. And as touching
the quene, yf it be adjudged by the law of God that she is
my lawfull wyfe, there was never thinge more pleasaunt nor
more acceptable to me in my lyfe bothe for the discharge and
tiering of my conscience and also for the good qualities and
condicions the which I know to be in her. For I assure you
all, that beside her noble parentage of the whiche she is
discended (as you wel know) she is a woman of moste
gentlenes, of most humilitie and buxumnes, yea and of al
good qualities apperteignynge to nobilitie, she is wythoute
comparyson, as I this xx. yeres almoste have had the true
experiment, so that yf I were to mary agayne if the mariage
myght be good I would surely chose her above al other
women :

King Henry the VIII.

147

women : But yf it be determined by judgement that our
mariage was against Goddes law and clerely voyde, then I
shal not onelye sorowe the departing from so good a Lady
and loving companion, but muche more lament and bewayle
my infortunate chaunce that I have so long lived in adultery
to Goddes great displeasure, and have no true heire of my
bodye to inherite this realme. These bee the sores that
vexe my minde, these be the panges that trouble my
conscience, and for these greves, I seke a remedy. Ther
fore I require of you al as our trust and confydence is in you
to declare to our subjectes our mynde and entent according
to our true meaning, and desyre them to pray with us that
the very trueth may be knowen for the discharge of our
conscience and savyng of our soule, and for the declaration
hereof I have assembled you together, and now you may
depart. To see what countenaunce was made amongest the
hearers of this Oracion, it was a straunge sight, for some
syghed and sayd nothynge, other were sory to heare the
kyng so troubled in his conscience. Other that favored
the quene much sorowed that this matter was now opened,
and so every man spake as his hert served him, but the
kynge ever labored to know the trueth for discharge of his
conscience. Shordy after this the two Legates came to the quene at
the same place of Bridewel, and declared to her how they
wer deputed judges indifferent betwene the kyng and her to
heare and determin whether the mariage betwene them stode
wyth Goddes law or not. When she heard the cause of
their comming, no mervel though she wer astonnied for it
touched her very nere. And when she had paused a while
she answered : Alas my lordes it is now a question whether
I be the kynges lawful wife or no ? When I have ben
maried to him almost xx. yeres and in the meane season
never question was made before ? Dyvers prelates yet beyng
alyve and lordes also and privie counsailors with the kyng
at that tyme, then adjudged our mariage lawful and honest,
and now to say it is detestable and abhominable, I thinke it
great ( marvel : ^and in especiall when I consider, what a
wyse prince the kinges father was, and also the love and
natural affection, that kyng Fernando my father bare unto
me : I thinke in my self that neither of our fathers, were so
uncircumspect,

THE xx.
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[1528-29]

The saiynge
of the
Legate.

The quenes
aunswere.

i48

King Henry the VIII.

THE XX.
YERE
[1528-29]

uncircumspect, so unwise, and of so smal imaginacion, but
they forsawe what might folowe of our mariage, and in
especiall the kyng my father, sent to the Court of Rome,
and there after long suite, with great coste and charge,
obteigned a license and dispensation, that I beyng the one
brothers wyfe, and paraventure carnally knowen, might
without scrupul of conscience, mary wyth the other brother
lawfully, which license under lead I have yet to shew, which
thinges make me to say, and surely beleve, that oure mariage
was both lawfull, good and Godlye : But of thys trouble I
onely may thanke you my lorde Cardinal of Yorke, for
because I have wondered at your hygh pride and vain
glory, and abhorre your volupteous life, and abhominable
Lechery, and litle regard your presumpteous power and
tiranny, therfore of malice you have kindled thys fyre,
and set thys matter a broche, and in especial for the great
malice that you beare to my nephew the Emperour, Whom
I perfectly, know you hate worse then a Scorpion, because
he would not satisfie your ambicion, and make you Pope
by force, and therfore you have sayed more then once,
that you would trouble him and hys frendes, and you have
kept hym true promyse, for of al hys warres and vexations,
he only may thanke you, and as for me hys poore aunte
and kynswoman, what trouble you put me to, by this new
found doubt, God knoweth, to whom I commyt my cause
according to the truth. The cardinal of Yorke excused
himself saying, that he was not the begynner, nor the
mover of the doubte, and that it was sore agaynst hys wyl,
that ever the mariage should come in question, but he sayd
that by his superior the Bishop of Rome, he was deputed
as a Judge to heare the cause, which he sware on his pro-
fessyon to heare indifferendy, but whatsoever was said, she
beleved hym not, and so the Legates toke their leave of her
and departed. These wordes were spoken in Frenche, and
written by Cardinall Campeius secretary, which was present,
and by me translated as nere as I could.
The kyng notwithstandyng that hys mynde was unquiete,
yet he kept a good countenaunce toward the Quene, with
asmuch love, honor and gentlenes, as could be shewed to
such a Princes, but he absteyned from her bed, til the truth
was tryed, accordyng as his Ghosdy counsail had avysed
hym, whych was to hym no lytle payne, for surely he loved her as

King Henry the VIII.

149

as wel, as any Prince might love his wyfe, and she him againe,
and therfore it was great pitie, that their mariage was not good.
The more to quicken hys spirites and for recreacion, the
kyng kept hys Christmas at Grenewiche, wyth much solemp-
nitie and great plenty of vyandes, and thether came the two
Legates, which wer received by twoo Dukes, and diverse
Erles, Barons and Gentlemen, to whom the kyng shewed
great pleasures, both of Justes, Tornay, Bankettes, Maskes
and dysguisinges, and on the xii. day he made the lawfull
sonne of Cardinal Campeius, borne in wedlocke, knight,
and gave him a coller of ss. of golde : but the Quene
shewed to them no maner of countenaunce, and made no
great joye of nothing, her mynd was so troubled.
This doyng in England, was spred over al Christendom
by letters and in every region except Spain, and the Em
perors dominions, thei adjudged the kyng a wise, a verteous,
and a prudent prynce, for triyng out of the truthe, con
sideryng that the question was not onely doubtful to
learned men in Divinitie, but upon the uncertaintie of the
same, depended the ruine of his realme, and the succession
of the same, whyche was a waightie thing to consider, and
no wysedome to let so great a doubt lye undiscussed.
After Christmas and all Lent tyl Easter, was none other
thing commoned of, but onely of the kinges mariage, the
Archebishop of Cantorbury sent for the famous docters,
of both the Universities to Lambeth and ther wer every
day disputations, and commoninges of this matter, and
because the king perceived and knewe wel, that the quene
was wedded to her owne opinion, and that she wold that
he shoulde do nothing wythout counsayl, he bad her chose
the best clerkes of his realme, to be of her counsayl, and
licensed them to do the best on her part that thei could
accordyng to the trueth : then she elected Wylliam Warham
Archbishop of Cantorbury, and Nicholas West byshop of
Elie, docters of the lawes, and Jhon Fysher byshop of
Rochester, and Henry Standish byshop of sainct Asse,
docters of divinitie, and many other docters and wel
learned men, whiche for a suertie lyke men wel learned,
defended her cause as far as learnyng myght defend it, as
you shal here in the yere folowynge. This yere was sir
James Spenser Maior of London, in whose tyme the watche
in London on Midsomer night was laied doune.
THE

THE XX.
YERE
[1528-29]

Cardinal
Campeiussonne made
knight.

150 King Henry the VIII.

THE XXI.
YERE
[1529-30]
The xxi.
yere.

The Courte
at the Blacke
Friers.

The Quene
appealed.

THE XXI. YERE.
IN the beginning of this yere, in a great Hal within the
black Friers of London, was ordeined a solempne
place for the two legates to set in, wyth two cheyers
covered with cloth of gold, and cushyons of the same, and
a Dormant table railed before, lyke a solempne court, al
covered with Carpettes and Tapissery : on the right hand
of the court was hanged a clothe of estate, with a chayer
and cushyons of ryche Tyssue, for the kyng, and on the
left hand of the courte was set a ryche chayer for the
quene. When the place was redy, the kyng and the quene
wer ascited by docter Sampson, to appere befor the legates,
and the fornamed place, the twentie and eyght dayof May,
beyng then the morow afterrrle"feast~ef ^oTplis^ChyisTt^m
proper person, or by their Proctors. At the daye assigned,
the Legates came to the forenamed place, with Crosses
Pillers, Axes, and al the Ceremonyes belonginge to their
degrees, and after that thei wer set (the Cardinal of Yorke
sitting on the right hand) their Commission was redde, and
the cause of their comming thyther openly declared, the
effect wherof was, that the Courte of Rome was informed,
that great Clerkes and learned men, had enformed the
king that his mariage with his brothers wife was unlawful,
dampnable and directly against the Law of God, wherfore
they wer directed and appoynted by the sayd Court, to be
judges in the cause, and to hear what on both parties could
be alledged : after this was done the kynge was called by
name, for whom two procters appered, then the Quene was
called, which wythin short space, beyng accompaignied wyth
the foure Bishoppes and other of her counsaill, and a great
compaignie of Ladies and gentle women folowing her, came
personally before the Legates, and after her obeysaunce,
sadly and wyth great gravitie done, she appeled from them,
as Judges not competent for that cause, to the court of
Rome, and after that done she departed againe. Notwith
standing this appele, the Legates sat wekely, and every day
!wer argumentes on both partes, and Tioffiing els done.
The kyng whych onely desired, to have an ende in this
matter, for discharge of his conscience, came to the Court the

King Henry the VIII.

J51

the of June, and the Quene also, where he standyng
under his cloth of estate, said these wordes in effect folow-
yng : My lordes, Legates of the Sea Appostolyke, whych
be deputied Judges, in thys great and waighty matter, I
most hartely beseche you, to ponder my mynde and entent,
which only is to have a final ende, for the discharge of my
conscience, for every good christen man knoweth what pain,
and what unquietnes he suffreth, which hath his conscience
greved, for I assure you on myne honour, that this matter
hath so vexed my mind, and troubled my spirites, that I
can scantely study any thinge, whiche should be proffitable
for my Realme and people. And for to have a quietnes
in body and soule is my desyre and request, and not for any
grudge that I bear to her that I have maried for I dare saye
that for her womanhode, wysdom, nobilitie, and gentlenes,
never Prince had suche another, and therfore yf I would
willynglye chaunge I wer not wise : wherfore my suite is
to you my lordes at this tyme, to have a spedy ende,
accordyng to ryght, for the quietnes of my mynd and
conscience onely, and for no other cause as God knoweth.
When the kyng had sayd, the Quene departed withoute
any thing saiyng, then she was called, to know whether she
would bide by her appeale, or answer there before the
Legates, her Procter answered, that she would byde by
her appeale, that notwithstanding the Counsailers on both
sides every day almoste met, and debated this matter sub
stantially, so that at the last the Divines wer al of opinion,
that the mariage was against the lawe of God, yf she were
carnallye knowen, by the first brother (which thing she
clerely denied) but to that was answered that Prince Arthur
her husbande, confessed the act done, when he called for
drynke earely in the morning, saiyng that he had bene in
Spayne that nyght, whych was a hote countrey, meaning
that he had carnally used her, farther, at the tyme of the
death of Prince Arthur, she thought and judged that she
was wyth childe, and for that cause, the king was deferred
from the Tide and Creation of the Prince of Wales,
almost halfe a yere, whiche thynge coulde not have bene
judged, yf she had not bene carnally knowen.
Also she her selfe caused a bull' to be purchased, in the
whyche were these wordes, Vel forsan cognitam, which is
asmuche to say, as peradventure carnally knowen, whichewordes

THE XXI.
YERE
[1529-30]
The kynges
Oracyon.

l$l

King Henry the VIII.

THE XXI.
YERE
[1529-30]

wordes were not in the first Bull graunted by July at her
seconde mariage to the kyng, which seconde Bull wyth
that clause was only purchased, to dispence with the second
Matrimony, although there were carnall copulation before,
whiche Bull neded not to have bene purchased, yf there had
bene no carnal copulation, for then the first Bull had bene
sufficient. When the Divines on her side, were beaten from that
ground, then they fel to perswasions of Natural reason, how
this should not be undone, for thre causes : One was because
if it shoulde be broken, the onely childe of the kyng, shoulde
be a Bastarde, whiche were a greate myschiefe to the realme :
Secondly, the separacion should be cause of great unkyndnes,
betwene her kynred and this realme. And the third cause
was, that the continuaunce of so longe space, had made the
Mariage honest : These perswasyons wyth manye other, were
set furthe by the Quenes Counsayl, and in especiall by the
Byshop of Rochester, which stode stiffe in her cause, but yet
Gods precept was not answered, wherfore they left that
ground and fel to pleading, that the Court of Rome had
dispensed wyth that Mariage : To this some lawers sayd,
that no yearthely persone is able to dispence wyth the positive
lawe of God.
When the Legates had heard the opinions of the Divines,
and sawe that their opinion for the moste parte, was against
the Matrimony, and that now the question was broughte to
dyspute the aucthoritie of the Court of Rome, they beganne
a litle to quicken : For they considered that if they woulde
saye and determyne, that the Courte of Rome myght not
dispence in that case, that few men wold thinke, that they
might dispence in anye other case, whych shoulde be to
theim, a greate losse and hurt. Wherfore they dissimuled
the matter and ever told the king, that he should have an
end shortly, and tracted furth the tyme with Oracyons and
Sophistical argumentes, til August began to approche : then
Cardinall Campeius sayd, that they myght not syt after July,
tyll October, all whyche season was a vacacyon in thee Courte
of Rome, and their court beynge a member of the Courte of
Rome, they must nedes do the same : thys saiyng was re
ported to the kynge, which by that saiyng knewe perfectly,
that he shoulde then have no ende, and then he complayned
to the dukes of Norfolk and Suffolke, and other nobles of
hys

King Henry the VIII.

i53

hys counsayl, how he was delayed, and wylled them at the
next Session, to require them to make an end of the cause,
and what judgement soever they gave he woulde gladly
accept it, for the quyetnes of his conscience.
These noble men came to the place, wher the Legates
sat, the xxx. day of August, beyng Friday, where as Car
dinal Campeius, declared in eloquent Latin, and sware on
his honor and fayth that he bare to the church of Rome,
that the course of the courtes there be, at the end of July,
to suspende all causes, till the iiii. day of October, and yf
anye cause be treated, and judged in the meane season, that
judgement to be derely voide, and therfore he required the
kyng to take patience, til that time, trusting that then thei
should procede toward sentence, so that he shuld be con
tented : the noble menne desired theim to make an ende,
what soever it were, that day or the next day, which was
the laste daye of July : but they answered that they coulde
sitt no more till October, whyche answere sore displeased
the noble menne, whiche the king had sent thether, in so
much that Charles Duke of Suffolke, seyng the delay gave
a great dappe on the Table wyth his hand and sayd : by
the Masse, now I see that the olde sayd saw is true, that
there was never Legate nor Cardynall, that dyd good in
Englande, and wyth that saiynge all the Temporall Lordes
departed to the king, leaving the Legates sitting one look-
yng on the other sore astonnied because they saw the
Temporall lordes depart in anger.
You may be sure, that the king was not wel content,
when he hard of this delay, but yet lyke a wyse Prince, he
tooke it paciendy, trusting to have an ende in October
ensuyng : But when he heard tell, that a letter was sent for
the Cardinall Campeius, that he shoulde wyth spede, returne
into Italy, and that he provided for his jorney. Then he
openly perceived, that the Legates dissimuled the tyme to
have the matter in the Courte Rome, for the maintey-
naunce of their aucthoritie, knoweyng perfectly, that there
he should bee foded furth with argumentes so long, that he
should be in maner wery, and also all that tyme, he should
bee unquiet in his conscience, which was the greatest care,
that he had but the seconde care that he tooke, was to see
the Cardinall of Yorke, (whom he so hyghly favoured and
trusted, and whom he had so highly promoted, both to the
Archbishopricke
vol. 11. '

THE xxi.
YERE
[1529-30]

u

J54

King Henry the VIII.

THE XXI.
YERE
[1529-30]

Archbishopricke of Yorke, and the Bishoprickes of Win
chester, Duresme, and the Abbay of Saincte Albones, with
manye other greate dignities and promocions, beside the
chauncellorshippe of Englande) so unfaithfullye to dys-
simule with hym, and not to open the very trueth, which
caused hym clerely to cast hym out of hys favor, in the
which he had long bene.
When the nobles and prelates perceived, that the kings
favor was from the Cardinal sore minished, everye man of the
kynges counsail, beganne to laye to hym suche offences, as
they knewe by hym, and all their accusacyons were written
in a boke, and all their handes sett to it, to the nombre of
thirtie and foure, which boke they presented to the kyng.
When the kyng saw the boke, he marveyled not a litle, for
by the Artycles conteigned in the same, he evidently per
ceived the high pride and coveteousnes of the Cardinal, and
saw openlye wyth what dyssymulacion and clokyng, he had
handeled the kinges causes : how he with faire liyng wordes,
had blynded and defrauded the kyng, moste untruly, whych
accusacyons sore moved the kynge agaynste hym, but yet
he kepte it close for a time, and so the kyng rode on his
progresse wyth the Quene to Woodstocke. And at the
feast of the Nativitie of oure Lady he came to Grafton,
beside Stony Stratforde, and thether came the two Legates,
and were but meanely received, savyng that the kynge made
to theim good semblaunce, and in especiall to Cardinall
Campeius, because he came into England at his request :
and after dinner the sayd Campeius toke his leave of the
king, and then the kyng him conveighed to the chamber
dore, and there they departed, and the Cardinal of Yorke
also went with his compaignion to Tocester, and on the
morowe he came to Grafton to speake with the kyng,
which was then ridyng out on hunting, and sent him worde
by Henry Norreys, that he should accompaignie Campeius
to London, and when the kyng came to London, he would
more commen with hym : thus almost dismaied the Car
dinall of Yorke, returned to his compaignion to Tocester,
and so thei came together to London, where to the Cardinal
Campeius, wer delivered great rewardes, and so he toke his
jorney toward the sea side. Where the kynges counsayl,
caused his chestes and cariages to be opened, to se what
letters the Cardinall of Yorke had sent to the court of
Rome,

King Henry the VIII.

55

Rome, and ther wer but a few letters found, for they were
sent before in post, but in many chestes wer found, old
hosen, old coates, and such vile stuffe, as no honest man
wold cary to have it, which serch much displeased Campeius,
and the more because his coffers wer likewise opened in
chepe by the rashenes of a Moyle, as you heard in the tenth
yere of this king.
Thus departed out of England in high displeasure, the
crafty Cardinall Campeius, leavyng behynd him hys subtle
felowe, whiche after their departinge from the kynge at
Grafton, never sawe the kynge, nor came in his presence.
This greate Session of the legates, was communed of
through Christendome, and in especyall in Spain, and
other the Emperors Dominions, which sore grudged that
the Quene should bee divorsed from the kyng : and surely
the most part of the laye people of Englande, which
knew not the lawe of God, sore murmured at the matter,
and much the more, because there was a gentle woman in
the Court, called Anne Bulleyne, doughter to sir Thomas
Bulleyne, Viscount Rocheforde, whom the kyng much
favoured in all honestie, and surely none otherwyse, as al
the world wel knew after. For this cause the Quenes ladies,
gendewomen, and servauntes largely spake and said that she
so entysed the kyng, and brought him in such amours, that
only for her sake and occasion, he would be divorsed from
his Quene, this was the foolishe communicacion of people,
contrary to trueth, as you have heard declared before.
The kinge whiche after twentie yere past, had bene ruled
by other, and in especial by the Cardinal of Yorke, began
now to be a ruler, and a kinge, yea, a kyng of suche wytte,
wisedome and pollicie, that the lyke hath not reygned over
this realme, as you shall playnly perceyve here after, aswell
for the setting furth of true Doctryne, as also for the aug
mentacion of his Croune. For when he perceived, howe the
Cardinalles had handeled hym, and saw playnly that the
lawe of god was clere that he myght not mary his brothers
wyfe, he thoughte to sende hys Ambassadours to all the
Universities in Fraunce and Italy, to knowe their deter
minacions, and for that cause he sent Docter Stokesley, and
Doctor Fore, two great Clerkes into Fraunce, which sped
as you shall hear after declared when the matter serveth.
The king continually studiyng on this matter, called a
counsayl

THE xxi.
YERE
[1529-30]

The last
tyme the
Cardinall
came to the
kyngspresence.

156

King Henry the VIII.

THE XXI.
YERE
[1529-30]
The kynge
begynneth to
rule.

The Cardynalles.
pryde abated.

The Cardinall
in the
Premunire.

counsayl of the chief of the nobles, to begin at Westminster,
the first daye of October next ensuing, and also somoned a
Parliament, to begin the third day of November, then im-
mediatly folowyng, and declared that the same counsail,
should devise diverse actes, necessarye and nedefull to bee
passed at the sayd Parliament, for reformacion of certain
exactions, done by the clergie to the lay people, to which
counsayl and Parliamente, the Cardinal was warned and
somoned, whych muche comforted hym, that he outwardly
litle abashed : and so he and al the counsayl, came to the
counsayl chamber at Westminster, and ther diverse dayes,
communed of diverse thynges, but nothing was fully con
cluded, and there the Cardinal shewed himself, much more
humblier, then he was wont to be, and the lordes shewed
themselfes more hygher and straunger, then thei wer wont
to bee, but for all that he abashed not his countenaunce, but
came into Westminster hal with al his trayne, the first day
of the Terme : but none of the kynges servauntes would
go before, as they were wont to do, and so he sat in the
Chauncery, but not in the Starre chamber, for all the lordes
and other the kinges counsayl, wer gone to Wynsore to the
Kyng, where they enformed the kyng, that all thinges that
he had done almoste, by hys power Legantine, were in the
case of the Premunire and Provyson : and that the Cardinall
had forfected, al his landes, tenementes, goodes and catelles
to the kyng : wherfore the kyng willyng ordre to him,
accordyng to the ordre of hys lawes, caused hys attorney
Christopher Hales, to sue out a Writte of Premunire against
him, in the whiche he lycensed hym, to make an attorney.
And farther the seventene day of November, he sent the
two dukes of Norffolke and Suffolke, to hys place at West
minster, to fetch away the great Seale of Englande, whiche
he was loth to delyver, yf there had bene any remedy, but
in conclusion he delivered it, to the two Dukes, whych
delivered the same to Docter Tailor Maister of the Rolles,
to cary it to the kyng, which so did the next day : and
beside this the kyng sent sir William Fitz William knyght
of the Garter, and Thresorer of hys house, and Docter
Stephin Gardiner, newly made Secretary, to se that no
goodes shuld be embesiled out of hys house : and farther
ordeined that the Cardinal should remove to Ashire beside
Kyngston, there to tary the kinges pleasure, and to have all
thinges

King Henry the VIII.

lS7

thinges delivered to him, which were necessary for him, but
not after his olde pompeous and superfluous fashion. For
all his goodes wer seazed to the kinges use. When the
seale was thus taken from the Cardinall, the Dukes of Nor-
ffolk and Suffolk, with many Erles, Bishoppes and Barons,
came into the Starre chamber, the xix. day of October, wher
the duke of Norffolk declared that the kynges hyghnes, for
diverse and sondry offences, had taken from hym his greate
Seale, and deposed him of all offices, and leaste menne
might complayn for lacke of Justice, he had appointed him
and the Duke of Suffolk, with the assent of the other lordes,
to sit in the Starre chamber, to hear and determin causes
indifferentiy, and that of all thynges the Kinges pleasure and
commaundement was, that they should kepe their handes
close, from anye rewardes takyng, or maintenaunce, and so
that weke they sat in the Starre chamber, and determined
causes. On the day of the same moneth, the Cardinall
removed out of his house called Yorke place, with one
Crosse saiyng, that he would he had never borne more,
meaning that by hys crosse, that he bare as legate which
degre taking was his confusion, as you se openly, and so he
toke his barge, and went to Putney by water, and there
toke his horse and rode to Asher, where he remaigned til
Lent after.
During which tyme, he beyng called on for an answere in
the kynges Bench, to the premunire, for gevynge benefyces
by prevensyon, in disturbaunce of mens enherytaunce, and
diverse other open causes in the premunire, he according to
the kynges licence, constituted Jhon Scute and Edmond
Jenny, apprentices of the lawe his attorneys, which by his
owne warrant signed wyth hys hande, confessed all thinges
concerning the said suite, for they wer to open to be cloked
or hidden, and so judgement was geven, that he shuld forfet
al his landes, tenementes, goodes and catalles, and should
be out of the kynges protection, but for all that the kyng
sent him a sufficient proteccion : and of his gendenes left to
him the Bishoprikes of Yorke and Wynchester, and gave to
him plate and stuffe, convenient for his degre, and the bishop-
rike of Duresme, he gave to docter Tunstal bishop of London,
and the Abbey of saynt Albones, he gave to the Prior of
Norwiche, and to London he promoted Docter Jhon Stoke- sley,

THE XXI.
? YERE
[1529-30]

The Cardynalles
removynge from Yorke
place.

i58

King Henry the VIII.

THE XXI.
YERE
[1529-30]

Sir Thomas
More made
Chauncellor.

sley, then Ambassador to the Universities, for the kinges
mariage, as you have heard before. For all these kyndnes
shewed to the Cardinall, yet stil he maligned against the
kynge, as you shall perceyve hereafter, by his untrue
doynges, which brought him to confusyon.
The twenty and thre day of October, the kyng came to
his Manor of Grenewich, and there much consulted wyth
his counsayl, for a mete manne to bee his Chauncdlour, so
that in no wise he were no manne of the Spiritualtie, and so
after long debate the kyng resoluted him selfe upon sir
Thomas More knyght, Chauncellour of the Duchie of Lan-
castre, a manne well learned in the toungues, and also in the
Common Lawe, whose wytte was fine, and full of imagina
tions, by reason wherof, he was to muche geven to mockinge,
whyche was to his gravitie a great blemishe. And then on
the Sonday, the twentie and foure daye of the same moneth,
the kynge made hym hys Chauncellour, and delyvered him
the great Seale, which Lord Chauncellour, the next morow
after, was ledde into the Chauncery, by the two dukes of
Norffolk and Suffolk, and there sworne, and then the Mace
was borne before him.
Now let us returne to the treatie of Cambray, which was
appointed to be kept the last sommer, for the conclusion of
a peace, betwene the Emperour on the one part, and the
kyng of England, and the French kyng on the other part,
for whiche conclusion there came to Cambrey, the Lady
Margaret Duches of Savoy, Aunt to the Emperour, and the
Ladye Loyse Duches of Angulesme, and mother to the
Frenche kyng, and Docter Tunstall Byshop of London, and
after Byshoppe of Duresme, and sir Thomas More knight,
after made Chauncellour of Englande, and diverse other for
the kinge of Englande, all these mette there in the beginning
of July, accompanied with diverse great Princes and Coun-
sailers, on every parte, and after long debating on bothe
sides, there was a good conclusion taken, the fyfth day of
August, in the which was concluded, that the treatie of
Madrid, should stande in hys ful strength and vertue, sav-
yng the thirde and fourth, and the leventh and fourtenth
articles, which touch the Duchie of Burgoin, and other
lordeshippes. Item, it was agreed that the French kyng should have hys

King Henry the VIII.

J59

hys children delivered again, paiyng to the Emperour two
Myllyons of Crounes of gold, wherof he should paye at
the delivering of the chyldren, twelve hundred thousand
Crounes. Item, that the Frenche kyng shoulde acquite the Emperor,
against the kynge of Englande, of foure skore and tenne
thousande Crounes, whiche the Emperour ought to the king
of England, and the kyng of Englande to delyver all suche
bondes and gages as he had of the emperoures.
Item, as touching the remnant, which was five hundred
and tenne thousand Crounes, the Emperor shuld have xxv.
thousande crounes rent yerely, for the which he should have
the landes, of the Duches of Wandosme, liyng in Flaunders,
and Brabant bounde.
Item, that Flaunders and diverse other countreys, should
not be hold in chief, nor have resort to the croune of Fraunce.
Item, that the realme of Napels, the Duchy of Millain,
and the countie of Ast, should for ever remain to the
Emperour. Item, that the French kynge should wythdrawe all such
souldiers as he had, out of Italy.
Item, that the Ladye Elianor should be brought into
Fraunce, wyth the French kinges chyldren, and in time
convenient shoulde be maried to the French king.
Item, that the French kyng should ayde the Emperor
wyth twelve Gallies to go into Italy.
Item, that al prysoners on both parties should be
acquited. Item, that the French kyng should not ayde Robert de la
Marche, against the Bishop of Luke.
Item, that al the goodes moveable and unmoveable, of
Charles late Duke of Burbon, should be restored to his
heyres, they paiyng to lord Henry, Marques of Dapenete,
and erle of Nassaw, the lord Chamberlayne to the Emperor,
tenne thousande Ducates, which he lent to the sayed Duke
of Burbon.
Item, that Jhon erle of Panthieure, should be remitted to
all such goodes, as were Erie Rene his fathers.
Item, the Lord Lawrence de Gorowod, great Maister to
the Emperour, should be restored to the lordshippes of
Chalmount, and Montevalle, whiche he bought of the Duke
of Burbon, or elles to have hys money agayne. Item,

THE xxi.
YERE
[1529-30]

i6o

King Henry the VIII.

THE XXI.
YERE
[1529-30]

The
womennes
peace.

CutbartTunstal
bishop of
London, bought Newe
Testamentes
to burne.

Item, Philip de Chalon Prince of Orenge and Viceroy of
Napels to be restored to al his landes in Burgoone.
Item, that the Duches of Wandosme, and Loys Earle of
Navers should have al such ryght and accions, as they shoulde
have had, before the warre began.
In the Emperors countreis, when al thinges were written,
sealed and finished, there was a solempne Masse song in the
cathedral church of Cambrey, the two ladies Ambassadors of
the king of Englande, sittynge in greate estate, and after
Masse the peace was proclaymed, betwene the thre Princes,
and Te deum song, and money cast to the people, and greate
fires made throughe the citie. The same night the Frenche v
kyng came into Cambrey, wel and nobly accompanied and
saluted the Ladies, and to them made diverse bankettes, and
then al persones departed into their countrey glad of this
concord. This peace was called the womennes peace, for because
that not withstandyng this conclusyon, yet neyther the Em
peror trusted the Frenche kyng, nor he neyther trusted nor
loved him, and their Subjectes, were in the same case. Thys
Proclamacyon was proclaymed solempnely by Herauldes,
wyth trompettes of the citie of London, which Proda
macion, much rejoysed the Engiysh Merchauntes, repair
ing into Spain Flaunders, Brabant, Zelande, and other the
Emperors dominions, for duryng the warres, Merchauntes
wer evyl handeled on both parties which caused them to be
desirous of peace.
Here is to be remembred, that at this present time, Wil
liam Tindale had newly translated and emprinted the new
Testament in Engiysh, and the Bishop of London not
pleased with the translation therof, debated with himself,
how he might compasse and devise to destroy that false and
erronious translacion, (as he sayd). And so it happened
that one Augustine Packington, a Mercer and Merchaunt
of London, and of a great honestie, the same tyme was in
Andwarp, where the Bishop then was, and this Packyngton
was a man that highly favored Wylliam Tyndale, but to the
bishop utterly shewed him self to the contrary. The bishop
desirous to have hys purpose brought to passe, commoned
of the New Testamentes, and how gladly he would bie
them. Packington then hearyng that he wished for, sayd
unto

King Henry the VIII. 161

unto the byshop, my Lord, yf it be your pleasure, I can in
this matter doo more I dare saye, then moste of the Mer
chauntes of England that are here, for I knowe the Dutche
men and straungiers, that have bought theim of Tindale,
and have theim here to sel, so that yf it be your lordeshippes
pleasure, to pay for them (for otherwyse I cannot come by
them, but I must disburse money for theim) I wil then
assure you, to have every boke of them, that is imprinted
and is here unsolde. The Bishop thinking that he had God
by the too, when in dede he had (as after he thought) the
Devell by the fiste, said, gentle maister Packington, do your
diligence and get them and with al my hart I will paye for
them, whatsoever thei cost you, for the bokes are erronious
and naughtes, and I entend surely to destroy theim all, and
to burne theim at Paules Crosse. Augustine Packington
came to Willyam Tyndale and sayed, Willyam I knowe
thou arte a poor man, and hast a hepe of newe Testamentes
and bokes by thee for the whiche thou hast bothe indaun-
gered thy frendes, and beggered thy self, and I have now
gotten tie a Merchaunt, whiche with ready money shall
dispatche thee of al that thou hast, if you thynke it so
profitable for your self. Who is the Merchaunt said Tin-
dale ? The bishoppe of London saied Packyngton, O that
is because he wil burne them saied Tyndale, ye Mary quod
Packington, I am the gladder said Tyndale, for these twoo
benefites shall come thereof, I shal gett moneye of hym for
these bokes, to bring my self out of debt (and the whole
world shall cry out upon the burning of Goddes worde).
And the overplus of the money that shal remain to me, shal
make me more studious, to correct the sayd New Testament,
and so newly to Imprint the same once again, and I trust the
second wyl much better lyke you, then ever did the first :
And so forwarde went the bargain, the byshop had the
bokes, Packyngton the thankes, and Tyndal had the money.
Afterward, when mo new Testamentes wer imprinted,
they came thicke and threfold into England, the bishop
of London hearyng that stil there were so many Newe
Testamentes abroad, sent for Augustin Packington and
sayd unto him : Sir how commeth this, that ther are so many
New Testamentes abroad, and you promised and assured
me that you had bought al ? then said Packington, I promes
you I boughte al that then was to be had : but I perceive they
VOL. II.

THE XXI.
YERE
[1529-30]

Augustine Packyngton
the Bishop
of Londons
merchaunt.

162 King Henry the VIII.

THE XXI.
YERE
[1529-30]

George
constantyne.

The Pope
came to
Bonony.

they have made more sence, and it wil never be better, as
long as they have the letters and stampes, therfore it wer
best for your lordeshyp, to bye the stampes to, and then are
you sure : the byshop smiled at him and said, wel Packyngton
well, and so ended this matter.
Shortly after it fortuned one George Constantine to be
apprehended by sir Thomas More, which then was lord
Chauncellor of England, of suspicion of certain heresies.
And this Constantine beyng with More after diverse exami
nations of dyverse thinges, emong other, Maister More
said in this wise to Constantine. Constantine I would have
the plain with me, in one thing that I wyl aske of the, and
I promes the I will shew the favor, in all the other thinges,
wherof thou art accused to me. There is beyonde the sea
Tyndale, Joye and a great many mo of you, I know they
cannot lyve without helpe, some sendeth theim money and
succoureth theim, and thy self beyng one of them, haddest
part therof, and therfore knowest from whence it came. I
pray the who be thei that thus helpe theim ? My lord quod
Constantine, wil you that I shal tel you the truth ? Yea I
pray the quod my lord. Mary I will quod Constantine,
truly quod he it is the Bishop of London that hath holpen
us, for he hath bestowed emonge us, a great deale of
moneye in Newe Testamentes to burne theim, and that
hath and yet is our onely succour and comfort. Nowe
by my trouth quod More, I thinke even the same, and
I sayd so much to the bishop, when he went about to bie
them. While this treatie was thus in communicacion at Cam
brey, themperor which knew that his people lacked ayd in
Italy, and also perceived that the people in Germany and
Italy, had him not in suche honor as they would, if he
wer once crouned Emperor, for in al writings thei called
him only Charles elected Emperor, wherfore he determined
to go into Italy with a great puyssaunce, bothe to receive
his Imperiall Croune, and also to ayde his people, which
there remayned, and so accompaignied with many Princes
and noble men of Spayne, and men of war, he toke ship
at Barcilona, and sailed to Geane, wher he was received
with the seigniorie of the cyty, with great triumphe and
honor, and great presentes geven to him. Pope Clement
hearyng that themperor was come into Italy, with al hys
Cardinalles

King Henry the VIII.

163

Cardinalles and whole court came to his citie of Bononie,
and there taryed the Emperors comming.
While the Emperor lay at Geane, thither came to him
diverse great Princes of Italy, with great powers, and when
al thinges wer redy he set forward in good ordre of battayl
toward Bononie, and in every toune he was received, and
presented wyth great giftes and feasted, and so by long jor-
neys he came nere to Bononie, where firste met with him, al
the Clergie of the Citie with procession, then all the univer-
sitie in ther habites, al on horsebacke, then came all the
Children of the citie, in white sattin fringed with gold, after
them the marchauntes of the citie, al in crimosyn Damaske,
then folowed the potestates and governors of the citie all
in Crimosyn velvet, and within a myle of the citie there
met hym foure and twentie Cardinalles : with this triumph
themperor was conveighed to the Cathedrall church, wher
on the steppes, of the west dore in a chair sat Pope Clement,
and then the Emperour a lighted and kyssed his fote and
then they embrassed together, and went into the churche
together and after went in to the pallace where they wer
lodged both, and daily kepte great counsayles together.
While the Cardinall laye at Bononie, ther came to hym
Fraunces Sforse Duke of Millane, to excuse hym selfe of
all thynges to hym objected, and by muche entreatyng
at the Popes request he pardoned hym hys offence, and
restored hym to his dignitie and possession, paiyng to hym
nine hundreth thousand Ducates, and tyll they wer paied,
the Castle of Millayne, and the toune of Crome, shoulde
abide in themperours possession. After this agrement, the
Emperoure sent for Anthony de leva, and made him capi
tayne of his ordinaunce, and so now the duchy of Millayne
was brought to quiet. In the same season the kyng of
England sent sir Nicholas Carew knight master of hys
horses, and Doctor Sampson to Bononie for the ratifica
tion of the league concluded at Cambray, to the perform
ance wherof the Emperour was solemplie sworne, and so the
Ambassadours departed : lyke wyse themperour sent into
England, Peter Lord of Rosebec, which lykewise sawe the
kyng of England sworne to performe the same.
According to the somons the kyng of England began his
high court of parliament, the third day of Novembre. On
which day he came by water to his place of Bridewell, and
there

THE xxi.
YERE
[1529-30]

Themperourekisseth the
Popes fete.

164 King Henry the VIII.

THE XXI.
YERE
[1529-30]

An Oracion.

there he and his nobles put on there robes of parliament,
and so came to the blacke Freers churche, wher a Masse of
the holy ghost was solemplie song by the kynges Chappell,
and after the Masse, the kyng with al the Lordes of the
parliament, and Commons which were somoned to appere
at that day came into the parliament chamber, wher the
kyng sat in his Throne or seate royall, and Sir Thomas
More his Chauncelor standyng on the right hand of the
kyng behinde the barre made an eloquent Oracion, declar-
ynge that lyke as a good shepard whiche not alonely kepeth
and attendeth well his shepe, but all so forseeth and pro-
videth for althyng, which either may be hurtful or noysome
to his flocke, or may preserve and defende the same agaynst-
all peryles that may chaunce to come, so the kyng whiche was
the sheaperd, ruler and governour of his realme, vigilandy
forseyng thinges to come considered how divers lawes before
this tyme wer made nowe by longe continuaunce of tyme
and mutation of thinges, very insufficient, and unperfight,
and also by the frayl condicion of man, divers new enor
mities were sprong amongest the people, for the whiche
no law was yet made to reforme the same, which was the
very cause why at that tyme the kyng had somoned his
high court of parliament : and he resembled the kyng to
a shepard, or heard man for this cause, for yf a prince be
compared to his riches, he is but a richeman, yf a prince
be compared to his honour, he is but an honorable man : but
compare him to the multitude of his people and the numbre
of his flocke, then he is a ruler, a governor of might and
puissaunce, so that his people maketh him a prince, as of
the multitude of shepe, commeth the name of a shepherd :
and as you se that emongest a great flocke of shepe some
be rotten and fauty which the good sheperd sendeth from
the good shepe, so the great wether which is of late fallen
as you all knowe, so craftely, so scabedly, ye and so untruly
juggled wyth the kynge, that all men must nedes gesse and
thinke that he thought in him self, that the had no wit to
perceive his craftie doyng, or els that he presumed that the
kyng woulde not se nor know his fraudulent Juggeling and
attemptes : but he was deceived, for his graces sight was so
quicke and penetrable, that he saw him, ye and saw through
hym, both with in and without, so that all thing to him was
open, and accordyng to his desert he hath had a gentle
correction,

King Henry the VIII.

i6S

correction, which smal ponishment the kynge will not to be
an example to other offendoures, but clerly declareth that
whosoever here after shall make like attempt to commit like
offence, shall not escape with lyke ponyshment : and because
you of the common house be a grosse multitude, and cannot
speake all at one time : Therefore the kynges pleasure is,
that you shall resorte to the nether house, and there emonge
your selfes accordyng to the olde and auncient custome to
chose an able person to be your common mouth and speaker,
and after youre election so made to advertise his grace therof,
which wyl declare to you his pleasure what day he wil have
him present in this place.
After this done, the commons resorted to the nether
house, and they chose for there speaker Thomas Audeley
Esquier and attorney of the Duchie of Lancaster, and the
same day was the parliament adjourned to Westminster.
On the sixt day of the same moneth the kyng came in to
the parliament chambre and all the Lordes in there robes,
and ther the commons of the nether house presented there
speker, which there made an eloquent Oracion which con
sisted in two poynctes, the first poynct was that he muche
praysed the kyng for his equitie and Justice, mixed with
mercy and pitie, so that none offence was forgotten and left
unponished nor in the punishment the extremitie nor the
rigor of the lawe not cruelly extended, which shuld be a
cause to bridel all men from doinge lyke offences, and also
a comforte to offendors to confesse there crime and offence,
and an occasion of amendment and reconciliation.
The second poinct was, that he disabled himselfe, both
for lacke of wyt learnyng and discretion to so high an office,
beseching the kynge to cause his comons to resort eftsones
to ther common house, and ther to chose an other speaker
for that parliament.
To this the kyng (by the mouth of the Lord Chauncelor)
answered that where he disabled hym selfe in wit and learn
yng, his awne ornate oracion there made testified the con
trary, and as touchyng his discrecion and other qualities, the
kyng hym selfe had wel knowen him and his doynges, sith
he was in his service, to be both wise and discrete, and so
for an hable man he accepted hym, and for the speaker he
hym admitted.
When the commons were assembled in the nether house, thei

THE xxi.
YERE
[1529-30]

Thomas Audelei chosen
speaker.

An oracion.

1 66 King Henry the VIII.

THE XXI.
YERE
[1529-30]

thei began to common of their grefes wherwith the spirit-
ualtie had before tyme grevously oppressed them, both
contrarie to the lawe of the realme, and contrarie to all
righte, and in especial thei were sore moved with sixe
greate causes.
The first for the excesse fynes, which the ordinaries toke
for probat of Testamentes, inso muche that sir henry Guil
ford knight of the gartir and comptroller of the kynges
house, declared in the open Parliament on his fidelitie that
he and other beynge executors to Sir Wyllyam Compton
knight paied for the probate of his wil to the Cardinall and
the Archbishop of Cauntorburie a thousand Marke sterlyng :
after this declaration were shewed so many extortions done
by ordinaries for probates of willes, that it were to muche to
rehearse. The second cause was the great polling and extreme
exaction, whiche the spirituall men used in takyng of corps
presentes or mortuaries, yfor the children of the defunct
should al dye for hunger and go a beggynge rather then
thei would of charitie geve to them the sely kow which the
dead man ought yf he had but only one, suche was the
charitie then.
The third cause was, that priestes beyng surveiors, stuardes
and officers to Bishoppes, Abbotes, and other spirituall heddes,
had and occupied Fermes, Graunges, and grasing in every
contrey, so that the pore husbandmen coulde have nothynge
but of them, and yet for that they should pay derely.
The fourth cause was that Abbotes, Priors and spirituall
men kept Tanne houses, and bought and soulde woll, clothe
and all maner of marchaundise as other temporall mar
chauntes dyd.
The-fift cause, was because the spiritual persones promoted
to greate benefices and havyng there livyng of ther flocke,
were liyng in the courte in lordes houses, and toke al of the
parishoners, and nothing spent on them at al, so that for lacke
of residence both the poore of the parishe lacked refreshyng,
and universally all the parishioners lacked preaching, and
true instruction of Gods worde, to the greate perell of there
soules. The sixt cause was to se one priest beyng litle learned to
have tenne or twelve benefices and to be residen on none,
and to know many well learned scholers in the universitie which

King Henry the VIII. 167

which wer able to preche and teache to have nether benefice
nor exhibition.
These thynges before this time might in nowise be towched
nor yet talked of by no man except he would be made an
heretike, or lese al that he had, for the bishoppes were
chauricelors, and had all the rule about the kyng, so that no
man durst once presume to attempt any thyng contrary to
their proffit, or commoditie.
But now when God had illumined the eies of the kynge,
and that ther subtell doynges was once espied : then men
began charitably to desyre a reformation, and so at this
Parliament menne began to shewe there grudges.
Where upon the Burgesses of the Parliament, appoincted
suche as were learned in the law beyng of the common
house, to drawe one bill of the probates of Testamentes,
a nother for Mortuaries, and the thirde for none residence,
pluralities, and takyng of Fermes by spiritual men.
The learned men toke muche payne, and firste set furthe
the byll of Mortuaries, whiche passed the common house,
and was sent up to the Lordes.
To this byll, the spirituall Lordes made a fayre face,
saiynge that surely priestes and curates toke more then they
should, and therfore it were well done to take some reason
able ordre, thus thei spake because it touched them litle.
But with in two daies after was sent up the bill concerning
probates of Testamentes, at the which the Archbishop of
Cauntorburie in especiall, and all other bishoppes in generall
both frowned and grunted, for that touched ther" proffite,
in so much as Doctor Jhon Fisher bishop of Rochester,
saied openlie in the Parliament chambre these woordes,
my Lordes, you se daily what billes come hither from the
common house and all is to the distruction of the churche,
for Godes sake se what a Realme the kyngdome of Boheme
was, and when the Churche went doune, then fell the glory
of the kyngdome, now with the Commons is nothing but
doune with the Church, and all this me semeth is for lacke
of faith only.
When these wordes were reported to the Commons of the
nether house, that the bishop should say that all ther doynges
were for lacke of faith, thei toke the matter grevously, for
thei Imagined that the bishop estemed them as Heretikes,
and so by his slaunderous wordes would have perswaded the
temporall

THE xxi.
YERE
[1529-30]

The saiyng
of J. Fisher
B. of
Rochester.

168 King Henry the VIII.

THE XXI.
YERE
[1529-30]

A complaynt
made to the
kyng.

The bishops
excuse.

temporall Lordes to have restrained ther consent from the
saied twoo billes, whiche they before had passed, as you have
hard before.
Wherfore the Commons after long debate, determined to
send the speaker of the Parliament to the kinges highnes,
with a grevous complaynt, agaynst the bishop of Rochester,
and so on a day when the kyng was at layser, Thomas
Audeley the speaker for the commons and thirtie of the
chief of the common house, came to the kynges presence in
his palace at Westminster, whiche before was called Yorke
place and there very eloquently declared what a dishonour
to the kyng and the realme it was to say that they which
wer elected for the wysest men of all the Sheres, Cities, and
boroughes with in the realme of England shoulde be declared
in so noble and open presence to lacke faith, whyche was
equivalent to say, that thei were Infidelles and no Christians,
as ill as Turkes or Sarasins, so that what payne or studie
so ever thei toke for the common wealth, or what actes or
lawes so ever thei made or stablished, shulde be taken as
lawes made by Panyms and hethen people, and not worthy
to be kept by christian men : wherfore he most humbly
besought the kynges highnes, to call the saied byshop before
hym and to cause him to speake more discretly of such a
nomber as was in the common house.
The kyng was not well contented with the saiyng of the
bishop, yet he gently answered the speaker, that he would
sende for the bishop and send them worde what answere he
made, and so they departed agayn. After this the kyng
sent for the archebishope of Cauntorburie and sixe other
bishopes, and for the bishop of Rochester also, and there
declared to hym the grudge of the commons, to the which
the byshop answered that he ment the, doinges of the
Bohemians was for lacke of faith, and not the doynges
of them that were in the common house, which saiyng was
confirmed by the bishopes being present, whiche had him in
greate reputation, and so by that only saiyng the kyng
accepted his excuse and therfore sent woord to the comons
by sir William Fitz william knight treasorer of his house-
houlde, which blind excuse pleased the commons nothyng
at all.
After this divers assemblies wer kept betwene certein of
the lordes and certayne of the commons, for the billes of
probates

King Henry the VIII.

169

probates of Testamentes, and the mortuaries : the tempor-
altie laied to the spiritualtie ther awne lawes and constitu
tions, and the spiritualtie sore defended them by prescription
and usage, to whome an answere was made by a gentleman
of Greyes Inne : the usage hath ever ben of theves to robbe
on shoters hill, ergo is it lawfull? with this answere the
spirituall men were sore offended, because there doynges
were called robberies, but the temporall men stode still by
there saiynges, in so muche the sayed gende man sayd to
the Archebishop of Cauntorburie, that both the exaction of
probates of Testamentes, and the takynge of Mortuaries,
as they were used were open robbery and theft : after long
disputacion, the temporall lordes began to leane to the com
mons, but for all that, the billes remayned unconcluded a
while. In the meane season, there was a bill assented by the
Lordes, and sent doune to the commons, theffect wherof
was, that the whole realme by the saied acte, did release to
the kynge, all suche somes of money as he had borowed of
them at the loane, in the fiftene yere of his raigne (as you
have hard before) this byll was sore argued in the common
house but the moste parte of the commons were the kynges
servauntes, and the other were so labored to by other, that
the bill was assented to.
When this release of the loane was knowen to the com
mons of the Realme, Lorde so they grudged, and spake ill
of the hole Parliament, for almoste every man counted it
his dette, and reconed suerly of the payment of the same,
and therfore some made there wylles of the same, and some
other dyd set it over to other for debt, and so many men
had losse by it, whiche caused them sore to murmur, but
ther was no remedy. The Kynge lyke a good and a discrete
Prince, seynge that hys commons in the Parliament house
had released the loane, entendyng some what to requite the
same, graunted to them a generall Pardon, of all offences,
certayne greate offences and debtes only xcept : also he
aided them for the redresse of there greves against the
spiritualtie, and caused twoo newe bylles to be made in
differently, bothe for the probate of Testamentes and mor
tuaries, whiche billes were so resonable that the spyrituall
Lordes assented to them all though thei were sore againste
there myndes, and in especial the probate of Testamentes

sore

THE XXI.
YERE
[1529-30]

The loane
released.

VOL. II.

170

King Henry the VIII.

THE XXI.
YERE
[1529-30]

sore displeased the Byshopes, and the mortuaries sore dis
pleased the persones and Vicars.
After these Actes, thus agreed, the Commons made an
other Acte for pluralities of benefices, none residence, biyng
and sellyng and takyng of fermes by spirituall persones,
which acte so displeased the spiritualtie that the priestes
railed on the commons of the common house, and called
them heretikes and scismatikes, for the whych diverse
priestes wer ponished.
This acte was sore debated above in the parliament
chambre, and the Lordes spirituall woulde in nowise con
sent. Wherefore the Kyng perceiving the grudge of his
commons, caused eight lordes and eight of his commons to
mete in the starre chambre at an after none, and there was
sore debatyng of the cause, in so muche that the temporall
Lordes of the upper house, whiche were there, toke parte
with the Commons, agaynst the spirituall Lordes and by
force of reason caused them to assent to the byll with
a litle qualifiyng, whyche byll the nexte daye was wholy
a greed to in the lordes house, to the great rejoysynge of
the lay people, and to the greate displeasor of the spirituall
persones. Duryng this Parliament was brought doune to the com
mons, the boke of articles whiche the Lordes had put to the
Kynge agaynst the Cardinall, the chief articles were these.
First that he without the kynges assent had procured to
be a Legat, by reason whereof he toke away the right of all
bishopes and spirituall persons.
Item, in all writynges which he wrote to Rome or any
other foreyn Prince, he wrot Ego 6? Rex meus, I and my
Kyng, as who woulde say that the Kyng were hys servaunt.
Item, that he hath sclaundered the church of England in
the courte of Rome, for his suggestion to be legate was to
reforme the churche of Englande, whiche as he wrote was
Facta in reprobum censum.
Item, he without the kynges assent, caried the Kynges
great Seale, with hym into Flaunders when he was sent
Ambassad to the Emperoure.
Item, he without the kynges assent, sent a commission
to Sir Gregory de Cassado, knighte, to conclude a league
betwene the Kyng and the Duke of Farrar, without the
kynges knowlege. Item,

King Henry the VIII.

171

Item, that he havyng the Frenche pockes presumed to
come and breth on the kyng.
Item, that he caused the Cardinalles hat to be put on the
Kynges coyne.
Item, that he woulde not suffer the kynges clarke of the
market, to sit at Sainct Talbons.
Item, that he had sent innumerable substaunce to Rome,
for the obteinyng of his dignities to the greate enpovrish-
merit of the realme.
These Articles with many more, red in the common house,
and signed with the Cardinalles hande, was confessed by
hym, and also there was shewed a writyng sealed with his
Seale, by the whiche he gave to the kyng all his movables
and unmovables.
On the day of the conception of oure Lady, the kyng at
Yorke place at Westminster, in the parliament tyme created
the vicount Rochforth Earle of Wilshire, and the Vicount
Fitzwater, was created Earle of Sussex, and the Lorde Hast-
ynges, was created Earle of Huntyngton.
When althynges were concluded in the Parliament house,
the kyng came to the Parliament chambre the seventene day
of Decembre, and there put his royall assent, to althynges
done by the Lordes and commons, and so proroged his
court of Parliament, tyll the next yere.
After the Parliament was thus ended, the kyng removed
to Grenewiche and ther kept his Christemas with the quene
in great triumph : with great plentie of viaundes, and diverse
disguisynges and Enterludes, to the greate rejoysyng of his
people. You have harde before how the Emperoure and the Pope
was at Bononie, wher the Emperour made great preparation
for the solempnifyng of his coronation, which was appoincted
to be of Saincte Mathias day, or the foure and twentie day
of February, on whych day, he was borne, and that day also
the French kyng was taken, and because that that day had
ben ever fortunate to hym he appoincted his coronation on
that daye: he apoincted it also at that place, because he
woulde the soner passe into Almayne, to appece suche striefes
and debates as was risen betwene the princes there.
And so whan the day came and every thing was redy, he
was crowned Emperor, in the churche of S. Peter, in the
citie of Bononi by pope Clement the VIII. with al the
ceremonies

the xxi.
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[1529-30]

172

King Henry the VIII.

THE XXI.
YERE
[1529-30]

ceremonies therto belonging. At this coronacion were
present the Dukes of Savoy and Millayn, duke Frederick
brother to the Palantine of Rine, and the deputies to all the
seven Electors and the moste parte of all the nobles of
Italye, and Spayne. Thys coronacion was done with great
solemnities, there was feastyng, justyng and torney, and all
thinges that might sounde to honoure was there shewed,
bothe in apparell, and viaunde : and after that the Emperoure
and the Pope, with the hole college of Cardinalles, and al
the noble men beyng present rode in procession through the
hie stretes of Bononi, with suche a pompe and triumphe as
had not bene sene in Italye manye yeres before.
While the Emperoure lay thus at Bononie, the kynge of
Englande was advertised by hys Ambassadoures, whiche he
had sent to divers universities for the assolvyng of the doubt
concernyng his mariage, that the saied universities were
agreed and had clerely concluded, that the one brother to
mary the other brothers wyfe, carnally knowne, was directlie
agaynst Gods lawe, and that the Pope nor the courte of
Rome could in no wyse dispence with the same.
Wherefore the kyng knowyng themperour and the bishop
of Rome to be together at Bononie, determined to send
thether a solempne ambassade, both to declare to them the
law of God, and the determination of the universities, and
also to require the bishop of Rome to do Justice accordyng
to the treuth, and also to shewe to the Emperoure that the
kyng did not move this matter for any displeasure that he
bare to him or the quene his awnt, but only for the dis
charge of his conscience, and for the quietnes of his Realme.
When this purpose was agreed by the kynges counsayle,
the kynge appoincted Sir Thomas Bulleyne late created
Earle of Wylshier and Doctor Stoksley elected bishop of
London, and Doctor Edward Lee, his almoner, two great
Clarkes, for his ambassadours and with them he sent divers
Doctors both of the lawe and divinitie. These Ambassa
doures made greate preparacion, and about the begynnyng
of Februarie thei set forward, and so muche thei travailed
that they came to Savoy wher the Duke in the fayre toune
of Cambrey, caused them honorably to be received and
fested. So they passed the Mountaynes, and so through the Duchie
of Millain and by long jorneis thei came to Bononie in lent,
wher

King Henry the VIII.

*73

wher they wer honorably received by the maister of the
Emperoures house, and divers Lordes and Gentlemen be
longyng to the Pope, and within short space the sayed
Ambassadoures were firste conveighed to the Pope, and
there declared ther message and shewed the determina
tion of the great Doctors and famous universities. Pope
Clement whyche was a man of no learnyng but of a great wit
made to them a gentle answere, and sayed that he woulde
here the matter disputed when he came to Rome and accord-
yng to right he woulde do Justice. But hys entent was all
contrarie, for he knewe well that yf he shoulde geve sen
tence, that Pope July coulde not dispence wyth the breache
of Godes lawe, that then the aucthoritie of the Courte of
Rome woulde lide be regarded, and also he feared the
Emperours displeasure yf he shoulde geve sentence againste
his awnte, so that for feare of losinge aucthoritie, and of
the Emperours displeasure, Bishop Clement, durste not
Judge accordynge to Goddes lawe. After they had bene
with the Pope, they came to the Emperour, whyche them
gently receyved, and after they had done their message,
he answered them that he in no wyse woulde be agaynst
the lawe of God, and yf the Courte of Rome woulde
adjudge that the matrimonie were not good, he would be
content, but he thought all otherwyse, for he solicited the
Pope and all the Cardinalles whych were hys frendes to
stande by the dispensacion, whyche he judged to be as strong
as Goddes lawe. After this answere they toke ther leave of
the Emperour, whyche the nexte weke after departed out of
Bononie toward Almayne in good ordre of battail, he him
selfe in gilt harnes and hys nobles in white harnes wyth ryche
cotes and trappers very curiously besene.
After that the Emperour was gone out of Bononie, the
Ambassadoures of England toke there leave of the Byshoppe
of Rome, whyche went toward Rome agayne, and retorned
toward Englande, through the Duchy of Millayn, whiche
was received by the Earle Lodovick, great counsaylor to
the Duke of Millayn, whych Earle conducted them through
the whole Duchie of Millayne, and paied all their charges
by the Dukes commaundement. And when these Ambassa
dors wer passed the mountaynes, they received letters from
the kyng, which appoincted the Earle of Wilshire to go
ambassade to the French kyng, whych then lay at Burdeaux makynge

THE xxi.
YERE
[1529-30]

The Popes
answer.

174

King Henry the VIII.

THE XXI.
YERE
[1529-30]

Thomascromwellcame in to
the kynges
service.

makynge provisions for money for the redemynge of his
children : and the Bishop of London was appoyncted to
go to Padua and other universities in Italye to know ther
opinions in the kynges cace, and the kynges almoner was
appoincted to retorne into England, and so he dyd, thus
was the ende of this Ambassad.
You have hard before how the Cardinall was attainted in
the premunire and how he was put out of the office of the
chauncelor and laye at Asher : In this Lent season the kynge
by the advice of his counsayle licenced hym to go into his
diocesse of Yorke, and gave him commaundement to kepe
hym in his diocesse and not to returne southwarde without
the kynges speciall licence in writyng.
So he made great provision to go Northwarde and appareled
his servauntes newly and bought many costely thinges for
his houshould and so he might wel inough, for he had of
the kynges gendenes the bishopprickes of Yorke and Win
chester, which wer no smal thinges, but at this time divers
of his servauntes departed from him to the kynges service,
and in especiall Thomas Crumwel one of his chief counsayle
and chefe doer for him in the suppression of abbeis. After
that al thinges necessarie for his jornay wer prepared, he
toke his jorney nortward til he came to South wel whiche is
in his dioces and their he continued this yere ever grudgyng
at his fall as you shall here after : but the landes whiche he
had geven to his Colleges in Oxforde and Ypswych, were
now come to the kinges handes, by his atteinder in the
premunire, and yet the kyng of his gentlenes and for favour
that he bare to good learnyng erected agayne the College in
Oxford, and where it was named the Cardinalles College,
he called it the kynges College, and endewed it with faire
possessions, and put in newe statutes and ordinaunces, and
for because the College of Ypswich was thought to be nothing
proffitable, therefore he lefte that dissolved.
The last Somer while the peace was treated at Cam
bray as you have hard before, Ferdinando brother to the
Emperour, recovered certayne tounes which the Turkes had
taken from hym in Hungary, and put to flighte his ennemy
Jhon the Vainoda, whiche falsly named hym selfe Kynge of
Hungary. This Vainoda destitute of all succoure fled to
Sultan Soliman the great Turke, desiryng hym of succor,
to recover Hungry a gaine. The Turke being glad to have an

King Henry the VIII.

175

an occasion to distroy Hungry, assembled a puissaunt army,
and entred into Hungry, and made proclamation that what
toune or Citie woulde not obey kynge Jhon as ther kyng,
should be put to fire and sworde. This prodamacion so
fearid the Hungarians, that all in maner yelded them selfe
subjectes to the Vainoda, the citie of Bude onely except :
whiche at the last was yelden, by composition that thei
should depart^ with bag and baggage, but for al there safe
conduit signed withe the great Turkes hand, they wer
firste robbed of the Janizeres, and after that shamefully
slayn. When the Turke had thus Bude in possession, he left there
the Vainoda, and Lewes great bastard sonne to the duke of
Venice, with five thousand fotemen, and two thousand hors
men, and he with all haste entered into Austrice, wher his
people committed such crueltie and tirannye, as never hath
been hard nor written, for of some thei put out the eies, of
other they cut of the noses and eares, of other thei cut of
the privy members, of women thei cut of the pappes, and
ravished Virgins and of women great with child, thei cut
ther bellies and brent the children, beside this, as thei passed
thei brent corne, trees, howses, and al that woulde be brent
to make the contry desolate, and at the last the two and
twentie day of Septembre, the turkes armie came nye to
Vienne, a riche -and a famous Citie in Austrice.
The fame was that he had twoo hundreth and fiftie
thousande men in his armie, and five and twentie thosande
tentes in the sighte of the Citie.
At the beginnyng of the siege certein Christian men were
taken of the Turkes, which Turkes cut of the heddes of
foure lepers in a lazer cote, without the citie and put them
upon poles, and made christen prisoners present them to
the great turck, which therof toke great joy : of the which
prisoners he released certain and bad them go to the cap-
taynes and to tell them that yf they would yeld the citie to
him, they should depart wyth bag and bagage, and yf thei
would kepe it by force, he woulde suerly have it and put
them all to the sworde. Now in the citie was captayn duke
Phillip of Bavier, Earle Palantine of the Rine, and nephew to
the Palsgrave elector, a young man, but of noble corage, and
with him were twentie thousand Almaynes, and two thousand
horsemen, which nothing feared the Turkes threatnynges. The

THE XXI.
YERE
[1529-30]

Crueltie of
the Turkes.

176

King Henry the VIII.

THE XXI.
YERE
[1529-30]

The
numbre of
the turkes
that died.

The Turke perceivyng ther boldnes bent his grete ordin
aunce, which were thre hundreth peces agaynst the walles,
and commaundyd the towne to be assauted : the Turkes
gave a great assaut, but the christen men valiantly defended
them, so that the Turkes were compelled to fle, and many
of them were slaine.
The fourth daye of Octobre, the Turke bent all hjs
Ordinaunce against the wal which so shoke the wall that
all men within supposed that the walles would have fallen
doune, but thei did litle harme, which was sone amended;
The sixt day of Octobre, eight thousand christen men issued
out of the toune, and came wher the Turkes miners wer
workyng and slew a great nombre and destroyed the mines.
The same day the Turkes gave a greate assaute to the citie :
the christyan men valiantly them defended, and threwe
doune great logges and barres of Iron, and slewe many
Turkes. Thus the Turkes assauted the citie a leven tymes,
and somany tymes they wer beten away, but the great and
terrible assaut was the twelve day of Octobre, at which
assaut the christyan men so valiantly defended them selfe
and slewe and hurte so many of the Turkes that after that
day, for no commandement that the Turke could geve, they
woulde nomore geve assaute.
The Turke perceived well bothe the strength of the Citie
and the corage of the capitaines with in, and also the winter
there was muche more colder then in his contreys, which sore
troubled hym and his people, wherfore he called his counsaill
and concluded to breake up his siege and to departe, and so
the fouretene day of Octobre he shot great stones into the
citie al day till night : and a boute tenne of the cloke in the
night he caused his tentes to be taken up, and set fire on the
strawe, and suche other stuffe, and so removed all his armie,
towarde Bude, savinge fiftie thousande horsemen whiche
taried all the next daye behynde, cariyng with hym a greate
nombre of Christyan prisoners, which he put to the mynes
and suche other vile service.
At this siege the Turke lost by Murder, Sicknes, and
could, above fourescore thousand men, as one of his bassates
dyd afterwarde confesse.
Thus was the citie of Vienne defended agaynst the greate
Turke, and all his power, whiche was to him a greate dis
pleasure, and in especially because he never beseged citie
before,

King Henry the VIII.

177

before, but either it was ydden, or taken, of the tyme of this
siege a metrician made these verses.
Casar in ltaliam quo venit Carolus anno
Cincta est ripheis nostra Vienna getis.
In this yere themperour gave to the lord master of saynt
Jhones of Jerusalem, and his bretherne the Hand of Malto
liyng betwene Scicile and Barbarie, there to employ them
selfe upon Christes enemies which lorde master had no place
suer to enhabite there sith he was put from the Rodes by
this Turke that beseged Vienne, as you have hard before.

THE XXII. YERE.
IN the beginnyng of this two and twentie yere, the kyng
like a politike and a prudent prince, perceived that
his subjectes and other persons had divers times within
foure yeres last past, brought into his realme, great nombre
of printed bokes, of the new Testament, translated into the
English tongue by Tyndall, Joy, and other, whiche bokes
the common people used and dayly red prively, which the
clargie woulde not admit, for they punished suche persones
as had red, studied or taught the same with greate ex-
tremitie, but bycause the multitude was so great, it was not
in their power to redresse there grefe : wherefore they made
complaint to the Chauncelor (which leaned much to the
spiritual mennes part, in all causes) where upon he im
prisoned and punished a great nomber, so that for this cause
a great rumor and controversie rose daily emongest the
people : wherfore the kyng consideryng what good might
come of readyng of the new Testament with reverence and
folowyng the same, and what evell might come of the read
yng of the same yf it were evill translated, and not folowed :
came into the starre chambre the five and twentie day of
May, and there commoned with his counsaile and the pre
lates concernynge this cause, and after longe debatyng, it
was alleged that the translation of Tyndal and Joy were not
truely translated, and also that in them were prologues and
prefaces which sounded to heresie, and rayled against the
bishopes uncharitably, wherfore all suche bokes were pro
hibited and commaundement geven by the kyng to the
bishoppes,
vol. 11. *

THE XXI.
YERE
[1529-30]

The xxii.
yere.

The newe
testament forbidden.

178

King Henry the VIII.

THE XXII.
YERE
t1 530-3 1]

bishoppes, that they callyng to them the best learned men
of the universities should cause a new translacion to be
made, so that the people should not be ignoraunt in the
law of God : And notwithstandynge this commaundement
the byshopes dyd nothing at al to set furth a new trans
lacion, which caused the people to study Tindalles translacion,
by reason where of many thinges came to light, as you shall
here after.
In this yere in Maye, the bishop of London caused all his
newe Testamentes which he had bought with many other
bokes to be brought into Paules churcheyarde in London
and there was openly burned.
In the ende of this yere, the wilde Irishmen knowyng the
Earle of Kildare to be in England, entered his lande, and
spoyled and brent hys countrey, and divers other contreys,
and the Earle of Ossery being the kynges deputie made
litle resistaunce, for lacke of power, wherfore the kyng sent
the earle of Kildare into Ireland, and with him sir Wyllyam
Skevyngton knight, Mayster of the kynges ordinaunce and
dyvers Gunners with hym, whych so pollitickly ordered
them selfe that their enemies were glad to offre amendes
and to treate for truce, and so sir Wyllyam Skevyngton the
nexte yere returned into England leving there the Erie of
Kildare for the kynges deputie.
Now I wil returne to the execution of the treatie of
Cambray in the which it was agreed that the Lady Elianor
and the Frenche kynges chyldren should be delivered, when
the raunsome appointed was paid as you have heard in the
last yere : Wherfore the French kyng gathered money of
hys subjectes with all spede, and when the money was ready
he sent the great Maister of Fraunce called Annas de Memo-
rancy, and divers other nobles to Bayon wyth the money,
and to receive the lady and the children. And thyther
came to them the great Constable of Castle and Mounsire
Prat for the Emperor, and there the crounes wer wayed
and. touched, and what fault soever the Spaniardes founde in
theim, they would not receive a great nomber of them, and
so thei caried the chyldren backe from Fountraby into Spayn.
Thus the great maister of Fraunce, and his company lay
still at Bayon wythout havinge hys purpose performed from
Marche til the ende of June, and lenger had lyen, yf the
king of England had not sent sir Fraunces Bryan to Bayon to

King Henry the VIII.

179

to warrant the payment : wherupon the day of delyveraunce
was appoynted to be on S. Peters daye in June. At whiche
daye the greate Maister wyth xxxi. Mulettes laden with
the crounes came to the one side of the river of Auday,
which ryver departeth Spayne and Fraunce, and there taried
til the first day of July : on which daye the ladye Elianor,
and the children wer put into two great boates, having only
xii. gendemen of Spayne with them : and in lyke maner the
great Maister with two great boates in the which the money
was, and xii. gentlemen with hym. Al these boates met at
a brydge made in the middes of the river : The Constable of
Spayn, and his xii. gentlemen met with the great maister of
Fraunce, and his xii. gendemen on the bridge, and after a
lide salutation the Frenchmen entered into the ii. boates wher
the lady and the two children were, and the Spaniardes into
the two boates wher the money was, and then eche part
hasted to land. Thus wer the Frenche kyngs wyfe and
children delivered into his handes, for whych delyveraunce
was great joy, and triumph made in Fraunce, and also in July
were fiers made in London and divers other places for
the same consideration and cause.
The Emperor as you have heard the last yere, passed out
of Italy in to Germany, and was receyved wyth great honor
and triumph into the citie of Ausborough or August, where
in June were present al the electors and almoste all the
princes of the Empire : there was kept a great counsayl for
the princes of Germany were of two several opinions and of
several names, the part that favored the pope, and all thynges
done by hys aucthoritie were called catholycal, and the other
part which folowed and preached only the gospel of Christ
were called evangelical. Of these and other thynges concerning
our fayth ther wer many counsayles : but Cardinal Campeius
the Popes legate would not suffer the Evangelycal persones
(whom he called Lutherans) to argue againste the catholycal
men (whom the Evangelical persons called papistes) lest by
the openyng of the scrypture the aucthoritie of the court of
Rome should have bene damned, and therfore the Emperor
put of the matter till another tyme : But thys matter was
not so let slyppe, for of thys motion men so serched the law
of God that within a few yeres after, many people refused
the Pope for the heade of the Churche and forsoke hym and
hys pardons.
On

THE XXII.
YERE
[^o-S1]
The delyver
aunce of the
Frenchekingeschildren.

i8o

King Henry the VIII.

On the xix. daye of September in the cytye of London
was made thys Proclamacyon. ' The kynges hyghnes
' strayghtly chargeth and commaundeth that no maner of
' person of what estate, degre or condition soever he or
' they be of, do purchase or attempt to purchase from the
' court of Rome or els where, nor use and put in execution,
' divulge or publysh any thynge heretofore wythin thys yere
< passed, purchased, or to be purchased herafter contaynyng
' matter prejudicial to the hygh auctoritie, jurisdiccyon and
' prerogative royal, of thys his sayd realm, or to the let,
' hynderaunce or impechement of his graces noble and
' verteous entended purposes in the premysses, upon payne
' of incurryng hys hyghnes indignacyon and imprisonment
' and farther punishment of theyr bodyes for theyr so
c doing at hys graces pleasure, to the dreadful example of
' all other.'
Thys proclamation was muche mused at and every worde
of the same well noted. Some sayd that it was made because
that the quene had purchased a newe Bull for the ratifycacyon
of her mariage, other sayde that it was made because the
Cardinall had purchased a Bull to curse the kyng, yf he
would not restore hym to hys old dignities, and that the
king should suffer him to correct the spiritualtie, and he
not to meddle wyth the same. This invencyon sounded
moste to the trueth as you shall heare afterward.
In October the ryver ofTyber was of suche an heygth
that in Rome and other places about Rome almost xii. M.
persons wer drouned and in the next moneth zeland,
Holland and Brabant were sore noyed with waters, and
many people and much cattel were drouned.
You have heard in the last yere how the Cardinal of
Yorke was attainted in the premunire and that notwith-
standyng the king had geven him the bishoprickes of Yorke
and Winchester wyth greate plentye of substaunce, and had
lycensed him to lye in hys dioces of Yorke. He beyng this
in his dioces grudgyng at his fall and not remembryng
the kynges kyndnes shewed to hym, wrote to the Court of
Rome and to divers other prynces letters in reproche of the
kyng, and_ in as much as in hym lay, he stirred them to
revenge his cause agaynst the kynge and hys realme, in so
muche that divers opprobrious woordes of the kynge were
spoken to Doctor Edward Keerne the kynges Orator at
Rome,

THE XXII.
YERE
[I53Q-31]
A Proclama
cyon.

King Henry the VIII.

181

Rome, and it was sayd to him that for the Cardinals sake,
the kinge should have the worse spede in the suite of hys
matrimony. The Cardinal also woulde speake fayre to the
people to wynne their heartes, and declared ever, that he was
unjusdye and untruely ordered, whyche fayre speakynge
made manye men beleve that he sayde true : and to gentle
men he gave great gyftes to allure them unto him : And
to be had in the more reputation among the people he
determined to be installed or inthronised at Yorke with
all the pompe that might be, and caused a throne to be
erected in the Cathedral church in such an heygth and
fashyon as was never sene, and sent to al the lordes,
Abbottes, Priors, knyghtes, esquyers and gendemen of hys
dioces, to be at hys Manor of Cawod the vi. day of
November and so to bryng hym to yorke with al maner
of Pompe and solempnitie.
The kyng whiche knew hys doynges and privye con-
veyaunce, all this yere dissembled the matter to see what
he woulde do at length, tyll that he saw hys proud hart
so hyghly exalted that he would be so triumphantly installed
wythout making the kyng privye, yea and in maner in
disdayne of the kynge, thoughte it not mete nor convenyent
to suffer hym any lenger to continue in his malicious and
proude purposes and attemptes: wherfore he directed his
letters to Henry the vi. erle of Northumberland, willing him
with all diligence to arrest the Cardinal and to deliver him
to therle of Shrewsbury great stewarde of the kynges
housholde : When the erle had sene the letters, he with a
convenient nomber came to the Manor of Cawod the
iiii. day of November, and when he was brought to the
Cardinal in his chamber, he said to him, my lord I pray
you take patience, for here I arrest you. Arrest me sayde
the Cardinal, yea sayd the erle I have a commaundement so
to do : you have no such power sayd the Cardinall, for I am
both a Cardinal and a Legate de Latere and a pere of the
College of Rome and ought not to be arrested by any
Temporall power, for I am not subject to that power, wher
fore if you arrest me, I wyl withstand it : wel sayd the erle,
here is the kings Commission (which he shewed him) and
therfore I charge you to obey : the Cardinal somewhat
remembred hym selfe and sayd, wel my lord I am content
to obey, but although that I by negligence fell into the
, punishment

THE XXII.
YERE
[I530-31]
The pride
of the
Cardinal.

The Cardynal
arrested.

1 82 King Henry the VIII.

THE XXII.
YERE
l>53°-3i]

The
Cardinaldead and
buried at
leycester.

The descrip-
cion of the
Cardynal.

punishment of the Premunire and lost by the lawe all my
landes and goodes, yet my person was in the kynges pro
tection and I was pardoned that offence, wherfore I marvell
why I nowe shoulde be arrested and speciallye considerynge
that I am a member of the sea Apostolike on whom no
temporall man ought to lay violent handes, well I see the
king lacketh good counsayll : wel sayd the erle when I was
sworne Warden of the Marches, you your self told me, that
I might with my staffe arrest all men under the degree of a
kynge, and now I am more stronger for I have a commission
so to do whiche you have sene. The Cardinall at length
obeyed and was kepte in a privye chamber and his goodes
seazed, and his officers discharged, and his Phisician called
doctor Augustyne was likewyse arrested, and brought to the
Tower by sir Walter Welshe one of the kynges chamber.
The vi. day of November he was conveyed from Cawod to
Sheffeld castle and there delivered to therle of Shrewsburies
keping til the kinges pleasure were knowen : Of this attache-
ment was muche commoning amongest the common people,
wherefore manye were glad, for surelye he was not in the
favor of the comminaltie.
When the Cardinal was thus arrested the kynge sent
sir Wyllyam Kingston knyght capitayne of the Garde and
Constable of the Tower of London, wyth certayn yomen of
the Gard to Sheffeld to fetch the Cardinall to the Tower.
When the Cardinal saw the capitaine of the Garde, he was
sore astonnied and shortly became sicke, for then he per-
ceyved some great trouble toward him, and for that cause
men sayde, that he willingly toke so much quantitie of
strong purgation, that hys nature was not able to beare it :
but sir Wyllyam Kyngston comforted him, and by easy
jornaies he brought him to the Abbay of Lecester the
xxvii. daye of November, where for very feblenes of nature
caused by purgacions and vomites he dyed the second night
folowynge, and in the same abbay lyeth buryed. This Car
dinall as you may perceyve in this story was of a great
stomacke, for he compted him selfe egall with princes, and
by craftye suggestion gatte into his handes innumerable
treasure : He forced litle on symony and was not pityful
and stode affectionate in his owne opinion : In open presence
he would lye and say untrueth and was double both in speche
and meanyng : He wold promise muche and performe lytle :
He

King Henry the VIII.

i«3

He was vicious of his body and gave the clergie evyl example :
He hated sore the citie of London and feared it : It was
told him that he shuld dye in the way toward London, wher
fore he feared lest the commons of the citie would arise in
riotous maner and so sleye him, yet for al that he dyed in
the waye towarde London. The authoritie of this Cardinal
set the clergie in such a pride that they dysdayned al men,
wherfore when he was fallen thei folowed after as you shall
heare. To wryte the lyfe and doynges of thys Cardinal, it
were a great worke, but whatsoever he did, God forgeve his
soule hys bodies misdedes.
After the Cardinal was dead, the king removed from
Hampton court to Grenewiche, wher he wyth quene
Katherine kept a solempne Christmas, and on the twelfe
nyght he satte in the halle in his estate, wher as were
dyvers Enterludes, ryche Maskes and disportes, and after
that a great banket. And after Christmas he came to
hys Manor of Westminster, which before was called
Yorke place, for after that the Cardinal was attainted in
the premunire and was gone Northward, he made a feoffe-
ment of the same place to the kinge, and the chapiter of
the Cathedrall church of Yorke by their writing confirmed
the same feoffement and then the king chaunged the name
and called it the kinges Manor of Westminster and no more
Yorke place.
The whole clergie of England ever supported and main-
tayned the power legantine of the Cardinall, wherfore the
kinges counsayl learned sayd plainly that they all were in
the Premunire, the spiritual lordes were called by Proces
into the kinges Benche to answere, but before their day
of apperaunce, they in their Convocation cuncluded an
humble submission in writing and offered the kyng a
CM. pound to be their good lorde, and also to geve
them a pardon of all offences touching the Premunire by
act of Parliament, the which offer with much labor was
accepted, and their pardon promysed. In this submission
the Clergie called the kyng supreme head of the church
of Englande, which thing they never confessed before,
whereupon many thinges folowed after as you shall heare.
When the Parliament was begon the vi. day of January,
the pardon of the spiritual persones was signed with the
kynges hand and sente to the lordes which in tyme con
venient

THE XXII.
YERE

The kynge
first named
supreme hed.

m

184

King Henry the VIII.

THE XXII.
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venient assented to the byll and sent it to the commons
in the lower house, and when it was read, divers froward
persones would in no wyse assente to it, except al men were
pardoned, saying that all men which had any thinge to
do with the Cardinal wer in the same case : the wyser sort
answered that they would not compell the king to geve
them his pardon, and beside that, it was uncharitably done
of them to hurt the Clergie and do themselfes no good,
wherfore they advised them to consent to the bill and after
to sue to the kyng for their pardon, which counsayl was not
folowed, but they determyned first to send the Speaker to
the kinge or they woulde assent to the bill, wherupon
Thomas Audely speaker for the commons with a convenient
nomber of the common house came to the kynges presence
and ther eloquently declared to the king how the commons
sore lamented and bewayled their chaunce to thinke or
imagine them selfes to be oute of his gracious favor,
because that he had graciously geven his pardon of the
Premunire to his spirituall subjectes and not to them,
wherfore they most humbly besoughte hys grace of his
accustomed goodnes and clemency to include them in
the same pardon.
The kyng wysely answered that he was their prince and
soveraigne lord, and that they ought not to restraine hym
of hys libertie, nor to compel him to shewe his mercy, for
it was at his pleasure to use the extremitie of his lawes, or
mitigate and pardon the sariie, wherfore sith they denied to
assent to the pardon of the spirituall persones, which pardon
he said he myght geve without their assent by his great
seale, he would be wel advised or he pardoned them, because
he woulde not be noted to be compelled to do it : with this
answere the speaker and the commons departed very sorow-
ful and pensive and some lyght persons sayd that Thomas
Crumwel whiche was newly come to the favor of the kynge,
had disclosed the secretes of the commons, which thing
caused the kynge to be so extreme.
The kyng like a good Prince considered how sorowful
his commons wer of the answere that he made them, and
thought that thei wer not , quiet, wherfore of hys owne
motion he caused a pardon of the Premunire to be drawen,
and sygned it wyth his hand and sent it to the comon
house by Christopher Hales hys atturnay, whiche bill was

sone

King Henry the VIII.

185

sone assented to. Then the commons lovingly thanked the
king, and much praised his witte, that he had denied it to
them when they unworthely demaunded it and had bounty-
fully graunted it when he perceyved that they sorowed and
lamented. While the Parliament sat, on the xxx. day of Marche
at after none there came into the common house the lord
Chauncellour and dyvers lordes of the spiritualtie and
temporaltie to the nomber of xii. and there the lorde
Chauncelor sayde, you of this worshipful house I am sure
be not so ignorant but you know well that the kyng our
soveraygne lord hath maried his brothers wyfe, for she
was both wedded and bedded wyth his brother prince
Arthur, and therfore you may surely say that he hathe
maried his brothers wyfe, if thys mariage be good or no,
manye clerkes do doubt. Wherfore the kinge lyke a
vertuous prince willinge to be satisfied in his conscience,
and also for the suretie of hys realme hath with great
deliberacion consulted with great clerkes, and hath sent
my lord of London here present to the chiefe Universities
of all Christendome to know their opinion and judgement
in that behalfe. And althoughe that the Universities of
Cambridge and Oxford had bene sufficient to discusse the
cause, yet because they be in his realme and to avoyde
all suspicion of parcialitie he sente into the realme of
Fraunce, Italy the Popes dominions, and Venicians to knowe
their judgemente in that behalfe, which have concluded,
written and sealed their determinacions according as you
shall hear read. Then sir Brian Tuke toke oute of a boxe
xii. wrytynges sealed, and read them word by word, as
after ensueth translated out of Latin into the Engiysh
tongue. The determinacion of the universitie of Orleaunce.
Not long syns there were put forth to us the College of
doctors regentes of the Universitie of Orliaunce, these two
questions that folow. The fyrste, whether it be lawful by
the lawe of God for the brother to take to wyfe that woman
whom his brother hath left? The seconde, yf this be for
bidden by the lawe of God, whether this prohibition of the
lawe of God may be remitted by the Pope his dispensation ?
Wee
VOL. II.

THE XXII.
YERE
[I530-31]

Orleaunce.

2 A

i86

King Henry the VIII.

THE XXII.
YERE
L1 530-3 J]

Lawers of
Paris.

Wee the foresaid College of doctors regentes according to our
custome and usage came many times together, and did sat
divers times upon the discussynge of these forsayd doubtes
and questions and did examine and way as much as we might
divers and many places both of the old testament and new,
and also the interpreters and declarers both of the law of
God and the Canon lawe. After we had wayed and con
sidered all thinges exactely and wyth good leysure and
deliberation, we have determined and concluded that these
forsaid mariages cannot be attempted nor enterprised except
a man do wrong and plaine contrary to the law of God :
yea and that althoughe it be done by pardon and suffer-
aunce of the Pope. And in witnes of this conclusion and
determynacion we have caused this present publike writing
to be signed by our Scribe of our sayd Universitie, and
to be strengthed and fortefyed with the seale of the same :
Enacted in the chapel of our lady Annunciation, or the
good tydynges that she had of Christes commyng in
Orleaunce, the yere of our Lorde M.D.xxix. the v. day
of April. The determinacion of the facultie of Decrees of the
universitie of Paris.
In the name of the Lorde so be it. There was put forth
before us the Deane and College of the right counsail ful
facultie of Decrees of the Universitie of Paris this question.
Whither that the Pope myght dispence that the brother
myght mary the wyfe that his brother hath left, yf the
mariage betwene his brother now dead and hys wyfe were
once consummate? we the Deane and College of the sayd
facultie after many disputations and reasons made of bothe
sydes upon this matter and after great and longe turnyng
and serching of bokes, bothe of the lawe of God and the
Popes law and of the law Civil, we counsayl and say that the
Pope hath no power to dispence in this forsayde case : In
witnes wherof we have caused this present writing to be
strengthed with the seale of our facultie and with the signe
of our Scribe or chiefe Bedle. Geven in the congregacion
or assemble at saint Jhon Laterenense in Parys the second
day of May M.D.xxx.

The

King Henry the VIII.

187

The determinacion of Civilians and Canonistes
of the universitie of Angew.
Not long tyme syns there were purposed unto us the
Rector and doctors, Regentes in law canon and civile of
the universitie of Angew these ii. questions here folowyng,
that is to wete, whether it is unleful by the lawe of God and
the lawe of nature for a man to mary the wyfe of hys brother
that is departed wythout chyldren, so that the mariage was
consummate ? And agayne whether it is lawfull for the Pope
to dispence wyth such mariage ? We the aforsayd Rector
and doctors have accordyng to our custome and usage many
times communed together and sytten to dispute these ques
tions, and to fynde out the certaintie of them. And after
that we had discussed and examined many and divers places
aswel of the law of God as of the law of man, whyche semed
to pertayne to the same purpose, and after that we had
brought for bothe parties and examined them. All thinges
faythfully and after good conscience considered and upon
sufficient deliberation and avisement taken, we defyne and
determyne that neyther by the lawe of God nor of nature it
is permitted for any christen man, no not even with the
authoritie of the sea Apostolike, or wyth anye dispensation
graunted by the Pope to mary the wyfe that his brother had
lefte, althoughe hys brother be departed wythout children,
after that the mariage is once finished and consummate.
And for wytnes of these aforsayde thinges, we have com
maunded our Scribe of our sayd Universitie to signe this
present publik instrument, and it to be fortefyed wyth the
great seale of oure Universitie, Enacted in the church of
S. Peter in Angew, the yere of our Lorde, M.D.xxx. the
vii. day of May.
The determinacion of the facultie of divinitie
in the universitie of Paris.
The Deane and the facultie of the holye divinitie of the
universitie of Paris, to all them to whom this present
writing shall come wysheth safetie in our savior Jesu Christ
which is the very true safetie : Where of late there is risen
a great controversie of greate difficultie upon the mariage
betwene the most noble Henry the viii. kyng of England
defendor

THE XXII.
YERE
[ J 530-3^
Angew.

Paris.

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King Henry the VIII.

THE XXII.
YERE

defendor of the fayth and lorde of Ireland &c. and the
noble lady Katherine quene of England, doughter to the
Catholike kynge Ferdinand, which mariage was not onelye
contracte betwene her and her former husband, but also
consummate and fynyshed by carnall intermedeling. Thys
question also was purposed to us to discusse and examine
accordyng to justice and trueth, that is to say, whether to
mary her that our brother dead without chyldren had left
being so prohibited by the law of God and nature, that it
cannot be made lefull by the Popes dispensacyon, that any
Christen man shoulde mary the wyfe that hys brother had
left ? We the foresayd Deane and facultie callynge to oure
remembraunce, how vertuous and how holy a thynge and
how agreable to our profession, unto our dutie of love and
charitie, it is for us to shewe the waye of Justice and ryght,
of vertue and honestie to them whyche desire to leade and
passe over their life in the law of our Lord wyth sure and
quiet conscience : could not but be ready to satisfie so
honest and just requestes : wherupon after our old wont, we
came together upon our othe in the church of S. Maturyne,
and there for the same cause had a solempne Masse wyth
devout prayer to the holy Ghost. And also we toke an oth
every man to delyber and to study upon the forsayd question,
as shoulde be to the pleasure of God, and according to con
science ? And after divers and many Sessions or sittinges,
which were had and continued in the churche of saynt
Maturyn, and also in the college called Sarbone from the
viii. day of June to the second day of July. When he had
searched and examined through and through wyth as muche
diligence as we coulde and with suche reverence and religion
or conscience as becommeth in suche a matter, bothe the
bokes of holy scripture, and also the most approved inter
preters of the same : Finally the general and synodall coun
sayles, decrees and constitutions of the sacre and holy
churche, which by long custome hath bene receyved and
approbate, we the forsayd Deane and facultie disputing
upon the forsayd question and makyng answere to the
same, and that after the judgement and full consent of the
most part of the sayd facultie have concluded and deter-
myned that the forsaid mariage with the brothers wyfe
departyng without children be so forbidden both by the
lawe of God and of nature, that the Pope hath no power to

King Henry the VIII.

189

to dispence with such mariages, whether they be contract
or to be contract. And for credence, beleve, and witnes
of thys our Assercion and determinacion, we have caused
the seale of oure facultie wyth our Notaries sygne to be
put unto this present writyng. Dated in our generall
congregation that we kepe by an othe at sainct Maturynes,
the yere of our Lord M.D.xx. the second day of July.
The determinacion of the universitie of Burges
in Berry or Biturs.
We the Deane and facultie of divinitie in the Universitie
of Burges, because we will according to the example of
S. Paule doctor of the Gentiles, which doeth likewyse, wyl
begyn our writing with praier unto al the beloved of God,
among whom you moste deare readers unto whom we wryte
be called, grace peace and quyetnes of conscience come to
you from God the father and from our Lord Jesu Christ :
while we were gathered together all into one place (in the
octaves of Whytsontide) both in body and minde, and were
sittyng in the house of the sayd deane, there was a question
put to us agayne, whiche had bene purposed to us often
tymes before, beyng no final question, which was this :
Whither the brother taking the wyfe of his brother now
dead, and the mariage once consummate and perfite doth
a thyng unlawfull or no ? At the last when we had fought
for the trueth of the thyng and had perceived and founde it
out by much labour and studye of every one of us by him
selfe, and by much and often turning of holy bokes, everye
one of us not corrupt, wherby we myght the lesse obey the
trueth, began as the holy gost did put in his mind to geve
every man one arbitrement and sentence which was this.
I have wel perceyved in very trueth without regard or
respect of any person that those persons which be rehersed
in the xviii. cha. of the Levitical law, be forbidden by the
very law of nature to contract matrimonye together, and
that this lawe can in no wyse bee released by any authoritie
of any manne, by the whiche there is made an abhominable
dyscoverynge of hys brothers foulnes. And this is the signe
of oure commen Bedyl or Notarie and the seale of our for
sayd facultie put unto thys present wrytyng the x. day of
June, in the yere of oure Lord M.D.xxx. And because the
fote

THE XXII.
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[I53Q-31]

Burges.

190

King Henry the VIII.

THE XXII.
YERE
[1530-31]

Bonony.

fote of our writinge shalbe of one forme and fashyon wyth
the head, as we began wyth prayer, so let us ende after the
example of S. Paule that we spake of before, and say, the
grace and favor of oure Lorde Jesu Christe, the charitie
and love of God and the communicacion of the holy Ghost
be wyth you all. Amen.
The determinacion of the divines in the popes
universitie of Bonony.
God best and mightiest taught first the olde lawe and
testament wyth his owne mouthe, to forme and fashyon
accordynge to love and charitie, the maners and lyfe of
men. And secondarely the same God dyd take afterwardes
manhod upon hym for to be the redemer of man, and so
made the newe lawe or newe Testament not onely to forme
and fashyon accordinge to love and charitie the lyfe and
maners of men, but also to take away and to declare doubtes
the which did aryse in manye cases whiche when they be once
clerely determined shall helpe greately to perfite vertue and
goodnes, that is to saye, to perfite love and charitie. Where
fore we thought it evermore, that it shoulde be our part to
folowe these most holy doctrynes and lawes of our father
of heaven, and that we lightned by the lyght of God above,
and of the holye ghost, shoulde geve oure sentence and
judgement in hygh and doubtful matters after that we have
once leyserly and sufficientlye taken advisement upon the
cause, and have clerely serched out and opened the thing by
many reasons and writinges of holy fathers aswel for the one
part as for the other, doyng nothynge as nere as we can
rashly or wythout deliberacyon. Therfore where certayne
great and noble men did instantly desire us, that we would
wyth al diligence possible loke for thys case that after en-
sueth, and afterwardes to geve our judgement upon the same,
accordynge to moste equitie, ryght and conscience, stickynge
onely to the trueth : All the Doctors of Divinitie of this
Universitie, when we had every one by hym selfe examined
the matter at home in our houses, came altogether into one
place and there treated upon it many dayes wyth asmuche
conning and learnynge as we could, we anon loked on the
case together, we examyned it together, we compared all
thynge together, we handelyng every thing by it selfe, dyd
trye

King Henry the VIII.

191

trye them even as you woulde saye by line and rule, wee
brought forth al maner of reasons, which we thought could
be brought for the contrary part, and afterward solved them,
yea even the reasons of the moste reverende father Cardinall
Caietayne, yea, and moreover the Deuteronomy dispensation
of stirrynge up the brothers seede, and shortly after all
maner of reasons and opinions of the contrary part, as
manye as semed to belong to thys purpose, and thys ques
tion that was asked of us was this : Whether it was for-
bydden onely by the ordinaunce of the churche or els by
the law of God, that a man myght not marye the wyfe left
of his brother departed wythout children : and if it were
commaunded by both the lawes not to be done, whether the
Pope may dispence with any man to make such mariage ?
the whiche question nowe that we have examined it both
by your selfe secretely and also openly and diligently and
exactely as we could possible, and discussed it after the best
maner that our wittes wold serve : we determine, geve judge
ment and say, and as stifly as we can we witnes and without
anye doubt do stedfastly hold that this mariage should be
horrible, accursed and to bee cried out upon and utterly
abhominable not onlye for a christen man, but for an infidele,
unfaythfull or heathen. And that it is prohibite under
grevous paynes and punishementes by the lawe of God, of
nature and of man, and that the Pope, though that he almoste
may do all thinges, unto whom Christ did geve the keyes of
the kingedom of heaven, hathe no power to geve a dispen
sation to any man for to contract suche a mariage for any
maner of cause, consideration or suggestion : And all we
bee ready at al tymes and in all places to defende and main-
tayne the truth of this our conclusion. In witnes wherof
we have made thys present writing, and have fortefied the
same both with the seale of our universitie and also with the
seale of oure College of Doctors of Divinitie, and have sub
scribed and signed wyth our general and accustomed sub
scription in the. Cathedral churche of Bonony the x. day of
June, the yere of our Lord M.D.xxx.
The determinacion of the facultie of divinitie in the
universitie of Padua in Italy.

THE XXII.
YERE
[I530-31]

Thei that have written for the

maintenaunce of the
catholick

192

King Henry the VIII.

THE XXII.
YERE
C1 53°-3l]

catholick faith affirme that God best and mightiest did geve
the preceptes and commaundementes of the olde law with
hys owne mouthe, to be an example for us, wherein we
might se howe we should order oure lyfe and maners, and
this God had done before he became manne : and after that
he had put upon hym our manhode and was become redemer
or byer of mankynde, He made the newe lawe or Testament,
and of his mere liberalitie dyd geve it us, not onely for the
cause aforsayde, but also to take away and declare all maner
of doubtes and questyons that myght aryse, the which once
opened and declared what their very true meaning is to
thentent that therby we myght be made perfidy good, which
be greatly fruytful to us and holsome : and seyng that this
was the mynd of God in makyng these lawes, it hath ben
our entent and evermore shalbe, as it becommeth christen
men to folow these most solempne ordinaunces of the moste
high workmayster God, and the help of hys light, that is
above the capacitie of nature, to utter our judgement in al
maner of doubtes and harde questions. After we had once
considered the thing after the best maner, and had by suffi
cient leysure made it clere by many evident reasons of both
parties, and by many aucthorities of the fathers of the Church,
determinyng no thyng as nere as we can, rashely or wythout
convenient deliberacion. Seyng therfore that certain great
Orators or ambassadors did humbly require and pray us,
that we would vouchesafe and serche out with all the diligence
that we could this case folowing and afterwardes to geve our
sentence upon the same, plainly and symply loking onelye on
the trueth. After the Doctors of divinitie of this Univer
sitie came together, and that we had every man examined
the thinge particulerly in our owne houses, and have beaten
it with all learnynge and connyng that we were able : Anon
when we wer together, we considered, examined and wayed
all thinges _ by themselfes, and brought in al maner of
reasons, which we thought might by any meanes be made
to the contrary, and without al colour or cloke dyd wholy
and clerely dissolve them and take them away. And
amongest al, the dispensation by the lawe of Deuteronomy
of styrryng up the brothers sede, and al maner other
reasons and determinacions to the contrarie, that semed
to us to pertain any thing to that purpose, we utterly con
futed and dispatched them. And the question that is put to

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to us, is this : Whether to mary the wife of our brother
departed wythout chyldren is forbidden only by the lawe of
the church or by the law of God also : and yf it be for
bidden by bothe these lawes, whether the Pope may dis
pence with any man for such matrimony or no? which
question now that we have discussed it, and as farre as we
could, have made it clere, both privately every man by hym
selfe and after al togethers openly, we say, judge, decree,
witnes and for a truth affirme that such mariage is no
mariage, yea and that it is abhorred and cursed of every
christen man, and to be abhominate as a grevous sinne.
And that it is as clearely as can be forbidden under moste
cruel penalties by the lawes of nature, of God and of man :
And that the Pope, unto whom the keyes of the kyngdome
of heaven be committed by Christ the sonne of God, hath
no power to dispence by the right and law for any cause,
suggestion or excuse, that anye suche matrimony shoulde
be contracte. For those thinges which be forbidden by the
law of God be not underneth hys power, but above it, nor
he is not the Vicar of God as concernyng those thinges, but
only in such thynges as God hath not determyned him selfe
in his law, but hath lefte them to the determinacion and
ordinaunce of man. And to maintayne the trueth of this
our sentence and conclusion, and for moste certayne and
undoubted defence of the same, we al of one minde and
accorde shall at al tymes and in every place bee redy. In
witnes wherof we have made this writing and have authorised
it with the accustomed seale of our Universitie and also of
our College of divines, Dated at Padway in the Churche of
the Hermites of saint Austen the first day of July, in the
yere of our Lord M.D.xx.
The Determinacion of the Universitie of Tholose.
There was treated in our universitie of Tholose a very
harde question : Whether it be lefull for the brother to
marye her whiche had ben wyfe to his brother now departed,
and that without chyldren ? There was besyde this another
thyng that troubled us very sore : Whether, yf the pope
which hath the cure of Christes flocke would by his dis
pensation (as men call it) suffre this, that then at the least
wyse it myght be lawfull ? The Rector of the Universitie called
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called to counsell all the Doctors regentes that were that
tyme at Tholose for to shew their myndes on this question,
and that not once, but twyse : For he judged that counsell
gevyng ought not to be hasted nor doone upon head, and
that we had neede of tyme and space to doo anye thynge
conveniently and as it ought to bee. At the last there came
togither into one place all the best learned and connyngest
doctors, both of holye divinitie, and also doctors that were best
learned in bothe lawes, yea, and finally as many as had anye
experience in any matter and wer able to do any thing either
by judgement and discresion, or by eloquence or their
excellent wyttes. And there dyd swere that they woulde
obey the sacre and holy counsels, and would folowe the
Decrees of the Fathers, which no man that hath any good
conscience wyll violate or breake. And so every man sayde
hys minde, and the matter was debated and reasoned diffusely
and at large for bothe partes. In conclusion, we fel so fast
to this poynte, that this was the sentence and determinacion
that oure Universitie, with one voyce of all, dyd determine
and conclude with moste pure and cleare conscience and
defiled with no maner of leven or corrupcion : That it is
lawfull for no man, neither by the law of God, nor by the
law of nature, to take her to wyfe that his brother hath left :
And seeynge that it may not be done by the law of God nor
of nature, we answered all : That the Pope can lose no man
from that lawe nor dispence with him. And as for that
thinge can not be contrary to our sentence and verdyct :
that the brother in olde time was compelled by the lawe of
Deuteronomy to mary the brothers wyfe departed without
issue : For this law was but a shadowe and a fygure of
thinges to come, which vanyshed away assone as ever the
lyght and trueth of the Gospell appeared : And because
these thynges be thus, we have geven our sentence after
this forme above, and have commaunded the same to be
sygned by our Notary which is our secretory, and to be
fortified and aucthorised by the puttyng to of our autenticall
Seale of our Universitie aforesayde, at Tholose the Calendes
or fyrst daye of Octobre, the yere of our Lorde a thousand
v.C.xxx. After these Determinacions were read, there wer shewed
above an hundreth bookes drawen by Doctors of straunge
Regions, whiche all agreed the Kynges Mariage to be unlefull, whiche

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whiche were not read, for the day was spent. Then the
Chauncellor sayd : Now you of this commen house may
reporte in your countryes what you have seene and heard
and then all men shall openly perceyve that the kyng hath
not attempted this matter of wyll or pleasure, as some
straungers reporte, but only for the discharge of his
conscience and suretie of the succession of his realme :
This is the cause of our repaire hyther to you, and now we
wyll departe.
When these Determinacions were publysshed, all wyse
men in the Realme moche abhorred that mariage : but
women, and such as wer more wylfull then wyse or learned,
spake agaynst the Determinacion, and sayed that the Univer
sities were corrupte and entysed so to do, which is not to be
thought. The Kyng him selfe sore lamented his chaunce-
and made no maner of myrth nor pastyme as he was wont to
do, and dyned and resorted to the quene as he was accus
tomed, and minished nothynge of her estate, and moch
loved and cheryshed their doughter the Lady Mary : but
in no wyse he woulde not come to her bed. When Ester
began to draw nere, the Parliament for that tyme ended, and
was proroged till the last day of Marche, in the nexte yere.
In the Parliament aforesayde was an Acte made, that
whosoever dyd poyson any persone, shoulde be boyled in
hote water to the death : which Acte was made bicause one
Richard Roose, in the Parliament tyme had poysoned divers
persons at the Bisshop of Rochesters place, which Richard,
according to the same Acte, was boyled in Smythfeld the
Teneber wednisday followyng, to the terrible example of all
other. This winter season, on the xxvi. day of Janyver, in the
citie of Luxborne in Portingale, was a wonderous Earthquake,
which destroied many houses and towers, and slew many
people by fallynge downe of the same, the Kynges Palace
shoke so, that he and the Quene, and the Ladyes fled out of
their Palace, without any servauntes, and sought succour
where they myght get it, and sodeinly the quaking seassed :
Then the Rockes opened, and out sprange the water, that
the shippes in the haven were lyke to have peryshed : Then
the earth quaked agayne, and dyd more harme then before,
and at nyght it ceassed : of whiche Earthquake, many men
were murthered and destroyed. When

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The Acte of
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An earth
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Message sent
to the
Quene.

When the universitie aforesayd, and a great nombre of
clerkes and well learned men had determined the Kynges
mariage to be unlawfull, detestable, and agaynst Gods lawe,
as you have heard, the Kynge willyng the quene to have
knowledge of the same, sent to her dyvers Lordes of the
councel the last day of Maie beyng the wednisday in
Whitson weke : the which Lordes, in her chaumbre at
Grenewyche, declared to her all the Determinacion as you
have hearde, and asked her whether she would for the
quyetnesse of the Kynges conscience, put the matter to
iiii. Prelates, and iiii. temporall Lordes of this Realme, or
abyde by her appele. The Quene answered : The kyng
my father which concluded my mariage, I am sure, was
not so ignoraunt but he asked councell of clerkes and well
learned men before he maryed me the second tyme : for yf he
had had eny doubte in my maryage, he woulde not have dis
bursed so great a treasure as he dyd, and then all Doctors in
maner agreed my maryage to be good, in so moche that the
Pope hym selfe, which knew best what was to be dooen, dyd
both dispence and ratified my seconde mariage, agaynste
whose doynge I mervayle that anye persone wyll speake or
wryte : And as to the Determinacion of the universitie, I
am a woman and lacke wytte and learnyng to aunswere to
them, but to God I commit the judgement of that, whether
thei have done justly or percially : for this I am sure, that
neither the Kynges father, nor my father woulde have con-
discended to our Mariage yf it had ben declared to be
unlawfull : and where you saye that I shoulde put the cause
to viii. persones of this Realme for quyetnes of the Kynges
conscience, I praye God sende his grace a quyet conscience,
and this shalbe your answere : That I say I am his lawfull
wyfe, and to hym lawfully maryed, and by the ordre of the
holye Churche I was to hym espowsed as his trew wyfe,
although I was not so worthy, and in that poynte I will
abyde tyl the cowrte of Rome which was prevy to the
begynning have made therof a determinacion and finall
endyng. With this answer the Lordes departed to the
Kyng, whiche was sorye to heare of her wylfull opinion,
and in especiall that she more trusted in the Popes law, then
in kepyng the Preceptes of God.
The Kynge lyke a politike Prince, perceyved that the
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and Portyngales daily brought Oade, Oyle, Sylke, Clothes
of Golde, Velvet, and other Merchaundyse into this Realme,
and therfore receyved ready money, which money they ever
delivered to other merchauntes by exchaunge and never
employed the same money on the commodities of this
Realme, so that therby the Kyng was hyndered in his
Custome outwarde, and also the commodities of his Realme
were not uttered, to the greate hynderaunce of his subjectes :
wherefore he caused a Proclamation to bee made in Myd-
somer Tearme, accordynge to an olde Estatute made in the
tyme of Kynge Rycharde the second : That no persone
should make any exchaunge contrary to the trew meanyng
of the same Acte and Estatute, upon payne to be taken the
kynges mortall enemy, and to forfayte all that he myght
forfayte. After this Proclamation, many clothes and other
commodities of this Realme were well solde, but shortly
after Merchauntes fell to exchaunge agayne, and the
Proclamation was shordy forgotten.
The Kyng after Whytsontyde and the Quene removed to
Wyndsore, and there continued tyll the xiiii. daye of Julye,
on whiche daye the Kynge removed to Woodstocke and
lefte her at Wyndsore, where she laye a whyle, and after
removed to the Moore, and afterwarde to Estamstede : and
after this day, the Kyng and she never saw together.
Wherfore the Commen people dailye murmured and spake
their folysh fantasies. But the affayres of Princes be not
ordered by the commen people, nor it were not convenient
that all thynges were opened to theim.
After this, the kyng sent certayne Lordes to the Queene
to Estamstede, to advyse her to be confirmable to the lawe
of God, and to shewe unto her, that all the Universities had
clearely determyned, that the Pope coulde in no wyse
dispence with her Mariage, and therefore the Dispensation
to whiche she most trusted of all, was clearely voyde and of
none effect. These, wyth manye mo causes and advyse-
mentes were declared to her, whiche nothynge moved her at
all, but styll she sayde : Truly I am the Kynges trew wyfe,
and to him maryed : and yf all Doctors were dead, or lawe,
or learnyng so farre out of mannes mynde at that tyme of
our maryage, yet I can not thinke that the courte of Rome
and the whole Churche of Englande would consent to a
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King Henry the VIII.

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An Answer.

I am hys wyfe, and for him wyll I pray. With this answer
the Lordes departed, and came to the Kyng and made reporte
as you have hearde.
This mariage was not alonly talked of in England, but in
Fraunce, Spayne, Italye, yea, thorough all Christendome in
maner, and especially in the Emperours Courte, in so muche
as a great Marques of Spayne sayde to syr Nicholas Hervy
knyght beyng the Kynges Ambassader in themperours
Cowrte at Gaunte : My Lorde Ambassador of Englande, I
mervayle not a lytell why the Kyng your Maister dalyeth so
with themperours Aunte, she is dissended I assure you of a
noble bloode and hye Parentage, themperours Majestie may
not nor wyll not suffre soche injurye to be doone to hys
bloode and lynage, that she shoulde whole xxii. yeres and
more serve him as hys wyfe and bedfelow and now to rejecte
her, what Princely maner is that, therein is neither love nor
loyaltie? For yf a poore verlet had so longe served a
Prince, what herte coulde have then rejected hym or put
him from hym ? it can not be sayd that your kyng is well
councelled : the matter is moch mervayled at amongest
Christen Princes and thynke her not to be honestly handeled
nor honorably : And if it be so that she be not his wyfe
(bicause she was once his brothers wyfe) as your Doctors
saye and affirme, then no man can excuse your kynge nor
saye but that she hath ben evyll handeled, and kepte lyke a
Concubine or Paramour for the bodely appetite, which is a
great spotte, shame, and rebuke to her and to her whole
lynage, which spot no wayes can be sponged out nor
recompenced, for shame in a kynred can by no treasure
be redemed : Yf the kynge youre Maister remembre well
this matter, he shal fynde that it transcendeth farre above
the losse of erthly possessyons, I woulde he woulde be
better advysed.
The Engiysh Ambassador answered : My Lorde, my
commission extendeth not to answer this matter, but to
enforme you of the truth, I wyll somewhat say besyde my
commission : Fyrst I say to you that the kyng my maister
never ment in this matter but honorably, truly, and
vertuously bothe for the pleasure of God and the profyte
and surety of hys Realme, nor never was nor shall be anye
Prince that ever was better contented and pleased with a
woman then he hath ben wyth her, nor never Prince more
loved,

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199

loved, cherished, nor honoured a woman, then the kyng my
Maister hath dooen her, and woulde with herte, mynde, and
wyll her styll keepe as his wyfe, yf Goddes lawe woulde suffre
it : My Lord, yf you remembre well all thynge, you shall
fynde that thys doubt was fyrst moved in the Councell of
Spayne, when the Emperour and the Kyng of Englande
were agreed, that themperoure shoulde marye the Ladye
Marye the Kynges Doughter: Upon that communicacion
this doubte was put to the Emperours Councell, whether
she were the Kynges lawfull Doughter or not, because it
was well knowen that he had maryed his brothers wyfe.
This matter was not so secrete but it spred into the
councell bothe of Fraunce and Flaunders, to the great
defamation of the Kynge of Englande, and to the great
uncertaintye of the successyon of his Realme : whereof
when he was advertysed, I thynke never Prince tooke it
more sorrowfully nor more dolently, and for satisfiynge of
hys conscience, he called hys Cleargye and felte their
opinions, and not trustyng his owne subjectes onely (whych
I ensure you be excellently lerned) sent, to all the Univer
sities of Fraunce, Italye, and dyvers other Realmes to know
their judgementes in this case, and surely the kynge my
master sore lamenteth his chaunce and bewaileth the time
myspent yf it so succede, for then is hys Realme destitute
of a lawfull heyre begotten of his body, which is the greatest
displeasure that maye come to a Prince : The Mariage was
well ment bothe of the Kynges father and the Quenes
father, and they maried together by the advyce and councel
of their frendes, and so lovyngly continued together as manne
and wyfe without any scruple or doubte, till you of Spayne
moved fyrst the question and put the maryage in ambiguitie,
and therfore you can not wyth honour thynke but that the
kyng hath done lyke a wyse Prince to searche out the solution
of your doubte which so neare toucheth his soule and the
suretye of his Realme : And all thynge that he hath done
he hath done by great advysement and wyth a great
deliberation, wherfore no reasonable man can saye, but he
hath done lyke a wyse and vertuous Prince. The Marques
hearynge this aunswere sayde, that the Kynge dyd wysely
to trye the truthe, and was somewhat ashamed of that that
he had spoken, as I was informed by them that were
present. You

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200 King Henry the VIII.

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The bishopes
saiyng.

You have hearde before howe the Cleargye in their
Convocation had graunted to the kynge the somme of one
hundreth thousand pounde to be pardoned of the Premunire,
for leviynge of the whyche summe, every Bysshop in his
Dioces called before him all the Priestes as well chauntrie
and paryshe Priestes as Persones and Vycars, amongest
whom, Doctor Jhon Stokesley Bysshop of London, a man
of greate wytte and learnyng, but of lytle discresion and
humanitie (whiche caused hym to be out of the favoure of
the commen people) called before hym all the Priestes
within the Citye of London, whether they were Curates or
Stipendaries, the first day of Septembre beyng fridaye, in the
Chapiter house of Sayncte Paull, at whyche daye the Priestes
appeared, and the Bysshoppes policye was to have onely syxe
or eight priestes together, and by persuasions to have caused
them to graunte some porcion towarde the payment of the
foresayd One Hundreth M. pounde, but the nombre of the
Pryestes was so greate, for they were syxe hundreth at the
least, and with them came many Temporall men to heare of
the matter, that the Bysshoppe was disapoynted of hys
purpose : for when the Bysshoppes Officers called in
certayne Pryestes by name into the Chapiter house : wyth
that, a great nombre entered, for they putte the Bysshoppes
Officers that kepte the dore a syde. After this the officers
got the dore shut againe : then the priestes without sayde :
We wyll not be kepte without, and our fellowes be within :
we knowe not what the Bysshoppe wyll doo with them.
The Temporall men beyng present stomaked and conforted
the priestes to enter, so that by force they opened the dore,
and one strake the Bysshoppes Officer over the face and
entered the Chapiter house and many temporall men with
them, and long it was or any sylence coulde be made : and
at laste when they were appeased, the Bysshop stoode up and
sayde : Brethern, I mervayle not a lytell why you be so heddy
and knowe not what shall be sayde to you, therfore I praye
you to keepe sylence and to heare me patiently : My frendes
all, you knowe well that wee bee men frayle of condition
and no Angels, and by frayltie and lacke of wysedome wee
have misdemeaned our selfe toward the kyng our Soveraygne
Lord and his lawes, so that all wee of the Cleargy were in
the Premunire, by reason wherof, all our Promocions,
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King Henry the VIII. 201

our bodyes readye to be enprisoned, yet his grace moved
with pittie and compassyon, demaunded of us what wee
coulde say why he shoulde not extende his lawes upon us,
then the fathers of the Cleargye humbly besought his grace
of mercye, to whom he answered that he was ever enclyned
to mercy : then for all our great offences we had lytel
penaunce, for where he might by the rygor of his law have
taken all our lyvelod, goodes and catels, he was contented
with one hundreth thousand poundes to be payde in fyve
yeres : and although that this somme be more then we maye
easelye beare, yet by the rygor of his lawes we shoulde have
borne the whole burdeyne : Wherefore my brethren, I
charitably exhorte you to beare your partes of your livelod
and salary towarde the payment of this somme graunted.
Then it was shortely sayde to the Bysshoppe : My Lorde,
twentye nobles a yere is but a bare lyvynge for a priest, for
nowe victayle and every thynge in maner is so deare, that
povertie in maner enforceth us to saye naye : besyde that, my
Lord we never offended in the Premunire, for we medeled
never with the Cardinals faculties, let the Byshoppes and
Abbottes whych have offended paye. Then the Byshoppes
officers gave to the priestes hyghe woordes, whyche caused
them to be the more obstinate. Also dyvers temporall men
whych were present conforted the Priestes and bade theim
agree to no payment. In this rumor, dyvers of the
Bysshoppes servauntes were buffeted and stryken so that
the Bysshop beganne to be afrayde, and with fayre woordes
appeased the noyse, and for all thynges which were done or
sayde there he pardoned them and gave to them his blessyng
and praied them to departe in charitie. And then they
departed thynkyng to heare no more of the matter, but
they were disceyved, for the Bysshop went to syr Thomas
Moore then beyng Lorde Chauncellor (whych greatly
favoured the Bysshop and the Cleargye) and to hym made
a grevouse complaynte and declared the facte very
grevously, where upon commaundement was sent to syr
Thomas Pargitor Mayer of the Citie, to attache certaine
priestes and temporall men, and so xv. priestes and v.
temporall men were arrested, of the whych, some were
sent to the Tower, some to the Fleete, and other Prisons,
where they remayned long after.
In this season were dyvers Preachynges in the Realme,

one

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one contrarye to another concernyng the Kynges Maryage,
and in especiall one Thomas Abell clerke, bothe preached
and wrote a Booke, that the Mariage was lawfull, whiche
caused many symple men to beleve hys opinion : This
Abell was the Queenes Chaplayne, and wrote thys Booke
to please her withall : wherfore the Kyng caused a Deter
minacion of the Universities, and all the judgementz of gret
Clerkes to be compyled into a Booke and to be Printed,
whiche Booke dyd satisfye the myndes of al indifferent and
discrete persons : but some men were percial that neither
learnyng nor reason coulde satisfy their wyllfull myndes.
This yere the Kynge kepte his Christemas at Grenewyche
wyth great solempnitie, but all men sayde that there was no
myrthe in that Christemas because the Queene and the
Ladies were absent. THE XXIII. YERE.
AFTER Christemas the xv. daye of January the Parlia-
/-\ ment began to sytte and amongest dyvers griefes
JL .A. which the Commons were greved with, they sore
complayned of the crueltie of the Ordinaries, for callynge
men before theym Ex officio: that is, by reason of ther office:
For the Ordinaries woulde sende for men and ley Accusations
to them of Heresye, and say they were accused, and ley
Articles to them, but no Accuser should be brought furth,
whiche to the Commons was very dredefull and grevous : for
the partie so Assited must either Abjure or be burned, for
Purgation he myght make none.
When this matter and other Exactions done by the
Clergy in their Courtes were long debated in the Common
House, at the laste it was concluded and agreed, that all the
griefes which the temporall men were greved with, shoulde
be putte in writyng and delyvered to the Kyng, whiche by
great advyce was done : wherfore, the xviii. day of Marche
the Common speaker accompanyed with dyvers Knyghtes
and Burgesses of the Common House came to the Kynges
presence, and there declared to hym how the temporal men
of his Realme were sore agreved wyth the cruell demeanoure
of the Prelates and Ordinaryes, which touched bothe their
bodyes and goodes, all whyche griefes, the Speaker delyvered
to the Kyng in writynge, most humbly besechyng his grace to
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203

take soche an ordre and direction in that case, as to his hygh
wysedome myght seme most convenient. Further he beseched
the king to consider what payne, charge and coste, his humble
subjectes of the nether house had susteyned syth the begyn-
nynge of thys Parliament, and that it woulde please his grace
of his Princelye benignitie to dissolve his courte of Parlia
ment, that his subjectes myght repayre into their countreys.
When the Kynge had receyved the Supplicacion of the
Commons, he paused a whyle and then sayde : It is not the
offyce of a Kyng which is a Judge to be to lyghte of
credence, nor I have not, nor wyll not use the same : for I
wyll heare the partie that is accused speake or I geve any
sentence : your booke conteyneth divers Articles of greate
and weyghtye matters, and as I perceyve, it is agaynste the
Spirituall persones and Prelates of oure Realme, of whiche
thynge you desyre a redresse and a reformacion, whyche
desyre and request is mere contraryant to your last
Petition : For you requyre to have the Parlyament
dissolved and to departe into your countreys, and yet you
would have a reformacion of your griefes wyth all diligence :
Although that youre payne have ben great in tariynge, 1
assure you myne hath ben no lesse then yours, and yet all
the payne that I take for your wealthes is to me a pleasure :
therefore yf you wyll have profyte of your complaynte, you
must tary the tyme, or els to be without remedy : I moche
commend you that you wyll not contende nor stand in
stryfe with the Spirituall men, whiche be youre Christen
brethren, but moche more me thynketh that you shoulde
not contende with me that am youre Sovereygne Lorde and
kyng, consideryng that I seke peace and quyetnesse of you :
For I have sent to you a byll concernynge wardes and primer
season, in the which thynges I am greatly wronged : wher
fore I have offered you reason as I thynke, yea, and so
thynketh all the Lordes, for they have set their handes to
the booke : Therfore I assure you, yf you wyll not take
some reasonable ende now when it is offered, I wyll serch
out the extremitie of the lawe, and then wyll I not offre
you so moche agayne : with this answere, the Speaker and
his company departed. The cause why the Kyng spake
these woordes was thys : Dayly men made Feoffementes of
their landes to their uses, and declared their wylles of their
landes with soch remaynders, that not alonly the kyng but all

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The kynges
saiynge.

204

King Henry the VIII.

THE XXIII.
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[1531-32]

all other Lordes lost their Wardes, Mariages and relieffes,
and the kyng also lost his primer season, and the profyte of
the lyverey, which was to hym very prejudiciall and a greate
losse : wherefore he, lyke an indifferent Prince, not willyng
to take all, nor to lose all, caused a byll to be drawen by his
learned councell, in the whyche was devysed, that every
manne myght make his wyll of the halfe of hys lande, so
that he lefte the other halfe to the heyre by discent. When •
thys Byll came fyrst amonges the Commons, lorde how the
ignoraunt persones were greved, and howe shamefully they
spake of the byll and of the Kynges learned Councell : but
the wyse men which understoode and sawe the myschiefe to
come, woulde gladly have had the byll to be assented to, or
at the least to have put the kynge in a suretye of the thyrde or
fourthe parte, which offer I was credebly informed the kyng
woulde have taken : but many frowarde and wylfull persones,
not regardynge what myght ensue (as it dyd in deede) woulde
neither consent to the byll as the Lordes had agreed and set
to their handes, nor yet agree to no reasonable qualification
of the same, whiche they sore repented : For after this, the
kyng called the Judges and best learned men of his Realme,
and thei disputed this matter in the Chauncery, and agreed
that lande coulde not be wylled by the ordre of the common
law, wherupon an act was made, that no man myght declare
his wyll of no parte of his land : which Acte sore greved the
Lordes and Gentlemen that had manye chyldren to set furth.
Therfore you may judge what myschiefe commeth of wylfull
blyndnesse and lacke of foresyght in so great causes.
This Parliament was proroged tyll the tenth day of Apryll,
in the whiche Parliament was an Acte made, that Bysshops
shoulde paye no more Annates or money for their Bulles to
the Pope : for it was openly proved that there was payed for
the Bulles of Bysshopes, in the fourthe yere of Kyng Henry
the seventh, the kynges father, tyll this yere, one hundreth
thre score thousand pounde sterlyng, besyde al other Dis
pensations and Pardones, wherof the summe was incredible.
When the Parliament was begonne agayne after Ester,
there came downe to the Common house the Lorde Chaun-
celloure, the Dukes of Norffolke and Suffolke, the Erles of
Arundell, Oxforde, Northumbrelande, Rutlande, Wylshyre
and Sussex, and after they were set, the Lorde Chauncellor
declared, howe the kynge was advertised by hys Councell, and

King Henry the VIII.

205

and in especiall by the Duke of Norffolke, howe on the
Marches betwene Englande and Scotlande was very lytell
habitacion on the Engiysh syde, but on the Scottyshe syde
was great habitacion, and the Scottes dwelled even juste on
the border, by the reason wherof they invaded England
dyvers tymes, and dyd to the kynges subjectes great hurte
and displeasure : wherefore the kynge entended to make
dwellyng houses there, and also to make new divers Pyles
and stoppes to let the Scottysh men from their invasions, to
the great commoditie of all his people there dwellyng, whych
thynges coulde not be doone without great coste : Wherefore
consideryng the Kynges good entente, he sayde, that the
Lordes thoughte it conveniente to graunte to the kynge
some reasonable ayde towarde hys charges, and prayed the
Commons to consulte on the same, and then he and all the
Lordes departed.
After their departure, the commons considering the
kynges good entent, lovingly graunted to him a xv. toward
his charges, but this graunt was not enacted at this Sessyon,
bicause that sodeinly began a Pestilence in Westmynster,
wherfore the Parlyament was proroged tyll the next yere.
In this yere was an olde Tolle demaunded in Flaunders of
Englyshmen, called the Tolle of the Hounde, whiche is a
Ryver and a passage : The Tolle is xii. pence of a Fardell.
This Tolle had ben often tymes demaunded, but never
payed : in so muche that Kyng Henry the seventh, for the
demaunde of that Tolle, prohibited all hys subjectes to kepe
any Marte at Antwerpe or Barow, but caused the Martes to
be kepte at Calyes : at which tyme it was agreed that the
sayde Tolle shoulde never be demaunded, so that the
Engiysh men woulde resorte agayne into the Dukes
countrey, and after that, it was not demaunded tyll now :
Wherefore the Kyng sent Doctor Knyght and other to
Calyes, and thyther came themperours Commissioners,
and the matter was put in suspence for a tyme.
Ye have hearde before how the kyng had purchased the
Bysshope of Yorkes place, whiche was a fayre Bysshops
house, but not meete for a kyng: wherefore the Kyng
purchased all the medowes about saynct James, and all the
whole house of S. James, and ther made a fayre mansion
and a parke, and buylded many costlye and commodious
houses for great pleasure. Now

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THE XXIII.
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[153!"32]

Now muste I declare to you a noble enterprise, although
it wer not doone in England, yet bicause divers Engiysh
men were at that aventure, I wyll declare it as the Lorde
Master of the Religion of Saynt Jhons wrote to the Lorde
of saynct Jhons in Englande : The Lorde Master of the
Religion, lamentynge sore the losse of the Rodes, whych he
thought not sone to be recovered, consydered that the
Turke helde the towne of Modon whiche standeth on the
See syde, and is a fayre Porte, and woulde have gladlye
had that towne oute of the Turkes possession, called to
him a trusty servaunt of hys, called Caloram, which was
well langaged, and to hym declared, that he woulde have
hym to sayle to Modon, and to dwell there as a Turke
unknowen, and yf he might by any meanes to come into
service with Massie de Huga, which was Capitayne there.
Caloram answered, that to go thyther for the accomplysh-
yng of the Lord masters desyre, he was very well content,
but to come in servyce and favoure wyth the Capitayne,
muste come in processe of tyme and by continuaunce, and
that not wythout great expence : The Lorde Maister
promysed hym sufficient treasure and a great rewarde :
When Caloram was perfectly enstructed in all thyng he
toke his leave and came prively to Modon, and there
dwelled, and within shorte space he was the Capitayns
servaunt, and for his great diligence was with his maister
in great favoure. Then he wrote to the Lorde Mayster all
thynge, and assertayned hym that hys entent coulde not
take effecte hastely, but bade hym ever be readye. Thys
matter thus contynued twoo yeare, in whyche tyme Caloram
well perceyved howe the towne myght be taken, and there
fore wrote to the lord Master, whiche shortly came to a
place called Mucollutea. The Turkes have a condition in
August and Septembre, to resorte into the countrey to see
the fruytes, and to solace theim selfe, wherfore the Lord
Master appoynted the Prior of Rome and the Turcuplyar
of England to bee Capitaynes of this enterprise, and with
them were lx. knightes of the Religion, and vii. C. and
fyftye souldiers in vi. Galyes and Brigantes, and passed in
the Cape Blanke in the lande of Calaber, the xviii. day of
August, and there they ankered : and from that place they
myght sayle lx. myle to Modon, under the hylles of
Stroffadees. And in the waye they stopped all the shippes that

King Henry the VIII. 207

that passed toward Modon : and from thence they sent
woorde to Caloram, which sent them woorde, not to be to
hastye : for the Venicians had reported in Modon, that the
Galeyes of the Religion were on the see : and also a
Capitayne of the Turkes, called Frombylam was come to
Modon with ii. C. horsmen to vew the towne so that
Caloram was in great feare of his enterprice. But the
same nyght there came to Modon a Gripe or small vesell,
in the which were thre knyghtes of the Religion all in
marynors arrey, and there sought for fresh water and
other victails necessary, which knightes spake with
Caloram, and the same day the Capitayne Frombylam
departed from Modon. Then Caloram sent worde to
the Capitaynes, that he trusted that their journey shoulde
be well sped : which knightes departed and came to the
Capitaynes, whiche wysely assembled all their people at a
Roade called Stroffades, and there declared their commission
of their Lord Master, and also shewed Calorams letters,
whereof every man was greatly comforted to know what
enterprise they went about. Then it was appoynted that
the Prior of Rome shoulde fyrst entre and take the gate of
the principall tower, and the Turkeiplier with vi. Englishe
knyghtes were appoynted to defende the Molle or Pere at
the haven mouthe: and to every gate was a Capitayn
appoynted with a nombre for the gates of the towne and
the Fortresses were well knowen to the Religion of S.
Jhon Baptist. When all this ordre was appoynted, the
Galies disancored and came to the He of Sapience, iii. myle
from Modon. All this whyle Caloram was in great feare,
tyll the two Capiteins sent a vessell called a Gripe, and in
her iii. C. men : Thei wer no soner entered the peere, but
the Turkes came a borde and asked for the merchauntz (for
all the men wer apparelled lyke Mariners) they answered that
the Merchauntes which had the charge wer gone a land into
the towne, and sayde thei would bring them to the Mer
chauntes, and that al their merchaundise was good wodde,
which thyng the Turkes moch desyre : So the christen
knyghtes lyke mariners went with the Turkes, which wer
to the nombre of xiii. entending to begyn their enterprise,
and some went toward the tower, and some went toward the
gate foUowyng the xiii. Turkes, and after them issued all
the souldiers out of the Gripe, and so with force thei got the
gate,

THE XXIII.
YERE
[i53!-32]

Modon
taken.

208 King Henry the VIII.

THE XXIII.
YERE
[1531-32]

gate, and after that the molle or pyre, and on that set a
banner of the Religion to the which Caloram helped moch :
with that came all the Galyes and landed. Then began a
terrible slaughter of all partes, the Turkes fled, and the
Christen men followed, and the Capitaynes tooke the
walles, and from thence Caloram lead them to the house of
Mesyre Huga, in whiche house was a greate strength : For
his house was lyke a Fortresse or tower, whych joyned to
the walle of the towne, out of which was a Posterne, wherof
issued out certayn Turkes which askryed the Christen men
abrode in the countrey. But in the meane season the
Christen men assauted the sayde Fortresse, whiche was
sore defended : and there the Prior of Rome was by a
hackbush slayn, whyche chaunce made the Cristen men
more furious, and slew in the towne iii. C. Turkes and
above. Then they blew to retreite and councelled to
gether and well perceyved that they coulde not kepe the
towne excepte thei had the fortresse or tower, which they
could not obtayne without a Siege, and then they had no
ordinaunce nor people ynough, therfore they determined to
take their most advauntage by pyllage, and so spoyled the
towne and toke viii. C. prisoners and sent them to the
Galyes. And when the Turkes saw the Christen men styl
pylfer (as' the usage of souldiers is) they issued out of their
holde and fortresse and fought with' the Christen men
boldely in the stretes, so that the stretes ranne bloode in
the canels, the fyghte was sore : and ever the Turkes came
in at the posterne by askry, and assauted the Christen men,
which valiauntly defended them and for all the Turkes
power came to their Galies with their pray and prisoners,
and came to the He of Malto wyth all their bootye, not
leesyng xl. persones in all their journey, whereof the
Lorde Master was moche rejoyced and well rewarded
Caloram, which also came with them to Malto. This
enterprise was dooen on a sonday, beynge the xviii. day
of August, the yere of pur Lord a thousand, fyve
hundreth, thyrtie and one, and this xxiii. yere of his
Reigne. After this enterprise, the xxii. daye of Septembre, dyed
lady Loyse Dutchesse of Angulesme and mother to the
Frenche kyng, a wyse and a sad Lady : whereof the kynge
beynge advertised, caused a solempne Obsequye to be made and
kepte

King Henry the VIII. 209

kepte for her in the Abbey of Waltham in Essex, at the
whiche solempnytie, the Kynge and a great nombre of the
Nobles and Prelates of the Realme wer present in mournyng
apparell at the Kynges coste and charge.

THE XXIIII. YERE.
IN the begynnynge of this xxiiii. yere the Ladye Anne
Bulleyne was so moche in the Kynges favoure, that
the commen people whiche knewe not the Kynges trew
entent, sayd and thought that the absence of the Quene was
onely for her sake, which was not trew : for the kyng was
openly rebuked of Preachers for kepyng company with hys
brothers wyfe, which was thoccasyon that he eschued her
company, tyll the truth wer tryed.
The last daie of Aprill the parliament sittyng, the kyng
sent for Thomas Awdeley, Spekar of the common house,
and certaine other, and declared to them, how they had
exhibited a boke of their greves the last yere against the
Spiritualtie, whiche at their requestes, he had delivered to
his spirituall subjectes, to make aunswere there to, but he
could have no aunswere, till within thre daies last past :
which aunswer he delivered to the Spekar, saiyng, we
thynke their aunswere will smally please you, for it semeth
to us very slender, you bee a greate sorte of wysemen, I
doubt not but you wyll loke circumspectly on the matter,
and we wyll be indifferent, betwene you. And for a truth
their aunswere was very Sophistical!, and nothyng avoyd-
yng the greves of the laye people : And farther the kyng
saied, that he marveiled not a litle, why one of the Parlia
ment house spake openly, of the absence of the Quene from
hym, whiche matter was not to be determined there, for he
saied it touched his soule, and wisshed the matrimony to be
good, for then had he never bene vexed in conscience, but
the docters of the universities saied he, have determined the
mariage to be voyde, and detestable before God, whiche
grudge of conscience, caused me to abstein from her com
paignie, and no folishe or wanton appetite : for I am saied
he xii. yere old, at whiche age the lust of man is not so
quicke, as in lustie youth : and savyng in Spayne or Portyn-
gall it hath not bene sene, that one man hath maried twoo
sisters,
VOL. II.

THE XXIII.
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[1531-32]

2 D

2IO

II

King Henry the VIII.

THE XXIIII.
YERE
[1532-33]

Othe to the
Pope.

sisters, the one beyng carnally knowen before : but the
brother to mary the brothers wife was so abhorred amongest
all nacions, that I never hearde it, that any Christen man
did it, but my selfe : wherfore you se my conscience troubled
and so I praye you reporte : so the Spekar departed, and
declared to the commons the kynges saiyng, bothe of the
Spirituall mennes aunswere, and also concernyng the kynges
mariage, which slight aunswere displesed the commons.
The occasion why the kyng spake of his mariage, was
because one Temse in the common house, moved the
commons to sue to the kyng, to take the Quene again
into his compaignie, and declared certain greate mischiefes,
as in bastardyng the Lady Marie, the kynges onely chylde,
and diverse other inconveniences, whiche woordes were
reported to the kyng, whiche was the cause that he declared
his conscience.
The xi. daie of Maie, the kyng sent for the Spekar
again, and xii. of the common house, havyng with hym
eight Lordes, and saied to theim, welbeloved subjectes, we
thought that the clergie of our realme, had bene our sub
jectes wholy, but now wee have well perceived, that they
bee but halfe our subjectes, yea, and scace our subjectes :
for all the Prelates at their consecration, make an othe to
the Pope, dene contrary to the othe that they make to us,
so that they seme to be his subjectes, and not ours, the copie
of bothe the othes, I delyver here to you, requiryng you to
invent some ordre, that we bee not thus deluded, of our
Spirituall subjectes. The Spekar departed, and caused the
othes to be redde in the common house, the very tenor
wherof ensueth.
I Jhon Bishop or Abbot of A. from this houre forward,
shalbe faithefull and obedient to sainct Peter, and to the
holy Churche of Rome, and ' to my lorde the Pope, and his
' successors Canonically enteryng, I shall not be of counsaill
' nor content, that they shall lese either life or member, or
' shall bee taken, or suffre any violence, or any wrong by
' any meanes, their Counsaill to me credited, by theim their
' messyngers or letters, I shall not willyngly discover to any
' person : the Papacie of Rome, the rules of the holy fathers,
' and the Regalie of sainct Peter, I shall help and retain, and
' defende against all men : the Legate of the Sea Apos-
' tolicke, goyng and commyng I shall honourably entreate, ' the

King Henry the VIII.

21 I

' the rightes, honors, privileges, aucthorities of the Churche
' of Rome, and of the Pope and his successors, I shall cause
' to bee concerved, defended, augmented, and promoted, I
' shall not bee in counsail, treatie, or any acte, in the whiche
' any thyng shalbe imagened against hym, or the Churche of
' Rome, there rightes, states, honors, or powers. And if I
' knowe- any suche to bee moved or compassed, I shall
' resist it to my power, and as sone as I can, I shall
' advertyse hym, or suche as maie geve hym knowlege.
' The rules of the holy fathers, the Decrees, Ordinaunces,
' Sentences, Dispositions, Reservations, Provisions, and
' Commaundementes Apostolicke, to my power I shall kepe
' and cause to be kept of other : Heretickes, Sismatikes,
' and rebelles to our holy father and his successors, I shall
' resist and persecute to my power, I shall come to the
' Sinode, when I am called, except I bee letted by a
' Canonicall impediment, the lightes of the Apostles I
' shall visite yerely personally, or by my deputie, I shall
' not alien nor sell my possessions, without the Popes
' Counsaill : so God me helpe and the holy Evangelistes.
I Jhon Byshop A. utterly renounce and clerely forsake,
all suche clauses, woordes, sentences, and grauntes, whiche I
have or shall have ' here after, of the Popes holines of and
for the Byshopricke of A. that in any wise hath bene, is
or hereafter maie bee hurtefull, or prejudiciall too your
highnes, your heires, successors, dignitie, privilege, or
estate royall : and also I dooe swere, that I shalbe faithfull
and true, and faithe and truth I shall beare to you my
sovereigne lorde, and to your heires kynges of the same,
of lyfe and lymme, and yearthly worship above all
creatures, for to live and die with you and yours, against
all people, and diligently I shalbe attendant, to all your
nedes and busynes, after my wytt and power, and your
counsaill I shall kepe and holde, knowlegyng my self to
hold my byshopricke of you onely, besechyng you of
restitucion of the temporalties of the same, promysyng
as before, that I shalbe faithefull, true, and obedient
subject to your saied highnes heires, and successors,
duryng my lyfe, and the services and other thynges dewe
to youre highnes, for the restitucion of the Temporalties,
of the same Bishoprike I shall truely dooe and obediently
perfourme, so God me helpe and all sainctes. The

THE XXIIII.
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[J532-33]

Othe to the
Kyng.

212

King Henry the VIII.

THE XXIIII.
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[1532-33]

Thomas Awdeley
keper of the
great seale.

The openyng of these othes, was one of the occasions,
why the Pope within two yere folowyng, lost all his juris
diction in Englande, as you shall here afterward. The
xiiii. daie the parliament was proroged, till the iiii. daie
of February next ensuyng. After whiche prorogation, syr
Thomas More, Chaunceller of England, after long sutes
made to the kyng to be discharged of that office, the xvi.
daie of Maie, he delivered to the kyng at Westminster, the
greate Seale of Englande, and was with the kynges favour
discharged, whiche Seale the kyng kept till Whitsontide
folowyng, and on the Mondaie in Whitson weke, he
dubbed Thomas Awdeley, Spekar of the parliament knight,
and made hym lorde keper of the great Seale, and so was
he called.
The kyng beyng in progresse this Sommer, was adver
tised that the Pope and the Frenche kyng, had appoynted
to mete at Marcelles in Province, in the begynnyng of the
nexte Sprynge, wherefore the Kyng like a wise and pollitike
prince, thought it convenient to speake with the Frenche
kyng in his awne persone, before the Pope and he should
come together, and to declare to hym bothe the deter
minacion, of the Universities and Doctors, concernyng his
Matrimonie, and also the generall counsailes, whiche
ordeined suche causes, to be tried in the provinces and
countreis, where the doubt should ryse, trustyng that the
Frenche kyng should cause the Pope to encline to Goddes
lawe, and to leave his awne traditions, and voyde dispensa
tions, whereupon bothe the princes concluded, to mete in
October folowyng, betwene Callice and Bulleyn : wherefore
the kyng of Englande sent out his letters, to his nobilitie,
prelates, and servauntes, commaundyng theim to bee ready
at Cantorbury, the xxvi. daie of September, to passe the
Seas wyth hym, for the accomplishyng of the entervew,
betwene hym and his brother the Frenche kyng. Many
men were sory to here, that the kyng should passe the sea
in Winter, and specially in October, when the seas be
rough, but their saiynges letted not his purpose : for he
marched forward from Ampthill to Wynsore where on
Sundaie beyng the firste daie of September, he created the
lady Anne Bulleyn, Marchiones of Penbroke, and gave to
her one thousand pound lande by the yere, and that
solempnitie finished, he rode to the College to Masse, and
when

King Henry the VIII.

2I3

when the Masse was ended, a newe league was concluded
and sworne, betwene the kyng and the Frenche kyng,
Messire Pomeray the Frenche Ambassador then beyng
present. After whiche othe taken, Doctor Fox the kynges
amner, made an eloquent oracion in Latin, in praise of
peace, love, and amitie : whiche dooen the trumpettes
blewe, and the kyng returned to the Castell, where was
kepte a solempne feast. From thence the kyng removed
to Grenewyche, and so forward to Cantorbury, where at
the daie appoynted, he found ready furnyshed, all suche as
were commaunded to passe the Sea with hym, well and
rychely adorned, bothe they and their servauntes.
The x. daie of October, the kyng came to Dover, and on
the xi. daie in the mornyng beyng Frydaie, at three of the
clocke, he tooke shippyng in Dover rode, and before x. of
the clocke the same daie, he with the lady Marchiones of
Pembroke, landed at Caleis, where he was honorably re
ceived with procession, and brought to sainct Nicholas
churche, where he hard Masse, and so to his place called
Thexchequer, where he lodged. And on the Sondaie after
came to Caleis, the lorde Roche Baron, and Monsire de
Mountpesat, messengers from the French kyng, advertisyng
the kyng of England, that the French kyng would repaire
to Abuile the same night marchyng towarde Bulleyne, of
whiche tidynges the kyng was very glad : but- sodaynly
came a messenger, and reported that the great Master of
Fraunce, and the Archebyshoppe of Roan, with diverse
noble men of Fraunce, were come to Sandifeld, entendyng
to come to Caleis, to salute the kyng, from the kyng their
Master. He beyng thereof advertised, sent in greate hast
the xv. daie of October, the Duke of Norffolke the Marques
of Excester, the Earles of Oxford, Darby, and Rutlande,
the lorde Sandes, and the lorde Fitzwater, with iii. C.
gentelmen, which honorably received the French lordes, at
the Englishe pale, and so brought them to the kynges
presence in Caleis, which stode under a riche clothe of
estate of suche value that they muche mused of the ryches.
The kyng (as he that knewe all honor and nurture) received
the Frenche lordes, very lovyngly and amiably, and with
them toke a daie and place of metyng : these lordes were
highly feasted, and after diner departed to Bullein.
While the kyng lay thus in Caleis, he vewed the walles,
towers,

THE XXIIII.
YERE
[1532-33]
A new
league.

214 King Henry the VIII.

THE XXIIII.
YERE
[1532-33]

The Kynges
apparell.

towers, and Bulwerkes, and devised certain newe fortifica
tions, for the maintenance and defence of the toune. The
toune of Caleis had at this season, xxiiii. C. beddes and
stablyng for ii. M. horses, beside the villages adjacent.
The xx. daie of this moneth the kyng beyng advertysed,
that the Frenche kyng was come to a village called Mar-
guison, nigh to the Englyshe pale, marched out of Caleis
the next daie after, accompaignied with the Dukes of Nor
ffolke and Suffolke, and with the Marquesses of Dorcet and
Excester, the Erles of Arundell, Oxford, Surrey, Essex,
Derby, Rutlande, Huntyngdon, and Sussex, and diverse
Viscountes, Barons, Knightes of the Garter, and Gentelmen
freshely appareled, and richely trymmed, and so passed
toward the place, appoynted for the entervewe, levyng
behynd them the greatest part of the yomen in Caleis,
because that Bulleyne was to litle for bothe the traynes.
For the Frenchemen saied their train was xx. M. horse,
whiche caused the Englishemen to cast many perelles, and
especially because it was bruted abrode, that the Frenche
kyng should saye, the Kyng of Englande was once his
enemie, and mainteined the Emperor, and the duke of
Burbon against hym, and nowe he was become his moost
frende. The rehersyng of these olde grudges, many
Englishmen suspected, and very lothe that the kyng should
go to Bulleyne, but the kyng continued still in his jorney,
and came to Sandyngfelde, and a lytle from that place in a
valey, was the Frenche kyng nobely accompaignied, with
three hundred horse, and not muche more. The Kynges
train waved on the lefte hande, to geve the Frenche Kynge
and his train the right hande : lykewyse did the Frenche
part, to geve the Englishemen the right hande so the two
kynges with all lovely honour met with bare heddes, and
embrased other in suche fashion, that all that behelde them
rejoysed. The kyng of England was appareled, in a cote
of greate riches, in braides of golde laied lose on Russet
Velvet, and set with Traifoyles, full of pearle and stone.
The Frenche kyng was in a coate of crimosin velvet, all
to cut, lined with slender clothe of gold plucked out
through the cuttes. The noblemen on both parties, were
richely appareled, and as was reported, the Frenche kyng
saied openly to the kyng of Englande : syr you be the
same persone, that I am moste bounde to in the worlde, and

King Henry the VIII.

2I5

and sithe it hath pleased you, in persone to visite me, I am
bound in persone to seke you, and for the very frendship,
that I have found in you, I am yours and will bee, and so I
require you to take me, and with that put of his bonet :
the kyng of England soberly aunswered. If ever I did
thyng to your likyng I am glad, and as touchyng the payn
to come hether to se you, I assure you it is my greate
comforte, yea, and I had come farther to have visited you.
Then the kynges embrased the lordes and estates, as the
French kyng the lordes of Englande, and the kyng of
Englande, the lordes of Fraunce, and that done, they
set forward toward Bulleyne, and in ridyng they cast of
Haukes called Sakers, to the Kytes, whiche made to them
greate sporte. And in a valey beyonde Sandyngfeld, the
kyng of Naver met the kynges, and there they a lighted
and dranke, and after that they mounted on horsebacke,
and with haukyng and other princely pastyme, they came
nere to Bulleyn, where on a hill stode ranged in a faire
bande, the nomber of five hundred menne on horsebacke
of whom the chief were, the Frenche kynges three sonnes,
the Dolphyn, the Duke of Orleaunce, and the Duke of
Angulesme, and on them gave attendaunce, the Admirall
of Fraunce, and thre Cardinalles with diverse other nobles
of Fraunce : these three Princes marched forwarde, and
welcomed the kyng of Englande, whiche them well be-
helde and lovyngly them received, as he that could as
muche nurture, as any Prince that ever was. Then the
Frenche kyng saied to his children openly : My children,
I am your father, but to this Prince here you are as muche
bound, as to me your naturall father, for he redemed me
and you from captivitie : wherfore on my blessyng I charge
you, to be to hym lovyng alwaies. The kyng of Englande
ceased the Frenche kynges tale, and embrased the young
Princes, eche after other : all their three apparelles were
blacke Velvet, embraudered with silver of Damaske. Then
all these noble compaignie came to Bulleyne, where was a
greate shot of Artillery, for on the one syde they shot great
pellettes, whiche made a greate noyse : then these twoo
Princes offered at our Lady of Bulleyne, and the Frenche
kyng brought the kyng of Englande to his lodgyng, in the
Abbay directly against his awne lodgyng, where the kyng of
Englande had diverse chambers, the utter chamber was
hanged

THE XXIIII.
YERE
[1532-33]
The saiyng
of the
French kyng.

The Kynges
commyng to
Bulleyn.

216 King Henry the VIII.

THE XXIIII.
YERE
[1532-33]

hanged with faire Arras, and another chamber was hanged
with grene Velvet, embraudered with Vinettes of gold, and
fret with flowers of Silver, and small twigges of wrethen
worke, and the myddle of every pane, or pece, was a fable
of Ovid in Matamorphoseos embraudered, and a clothe of
estate of the same worke, valanced with frettes, knotted and
langettes tassaled with Venice gold and sylver : and in this
chamber was hanged a great braunche of silver percell
gilte, to beare lyghtes. Then was there an inner chamber,
hanged with ryche clothe of gold of tissue, and the rofe
siled with the same : the iiii. chamber was with velvet,
and hachementes of armes, and divises of nedle worke,
very connyngly wrought. Every man was appoynted to
his lodgyng (whiche there was very straight) accordyng
too his degree, and great chere was made to al the
Englishemen : the ' Poulters, Larders, Spicereis, and Sellars
of Wine were all open, and lykewyse Hay and Litter,
and al other thinges, aske and have and no man durst
take any money, for the Frenche kyng paied for all.
The Frenche kyng caused twoo gounes to be made of
white Velvet, pricked with gold of damaske, and the capes
and ventes, were of frettes of whipped golde of damaske
very ryche, whiche twoo gounes he sent to the kyng of
Englande, praynge hym to chose the one, and to weare it
for his sake, whiche gladly toke it, and so that Tewesdaie, the
twoo kynges were bothe in one suite : the same night the
French kyng made to the king of Englande a supper in his
chamber, whiche was hanged with Arras, and siled over
with riche silke, and two clothes of estates were set up, one
at the one ende, and the other at the other ende, the one
clothe was embraudered with the image of an old man, and
a woman with a naked child in her arme and the woman
gave the old man sucke of her brest, and about was written
in French : Better it is children wantonly to wepe, then old
men for nede to perishe. On the other clothe of estate, was
embraudered the" sunne goyng doune of fine gold, and a
beast theron, the hed covered with a helme, and a coronall
of a dukes estate, the beastes body was al perle, and the
cloth was crimosyn satten. A riche cupbord was set up of
plate, with a great nomber of peces of the newe fashion,
iiii. great braunches hong in the chamber, all of silver and
gilt, which bare torches of white ware, al the gentlemen of
Fraunce

King Henry the VIII.

217

Fraunce made thenglishemen great chere, and served them
of delicate viandes.
In the Churche of Bulleyne was a Traverse set up for the
Frenche kyng, open on every side, savyng it was siled with
blewe velvet, enbraudered with flower Delices golde the
pillers were hanged with the same worke : On the Frenche
kynges right hand, was another traverse syled, and cortened
all of white Satten, embraudered with Cables cast, of cut
clothe of gold, embraudered and gilted after the fashion
that Mariners cast their ropes : this traverse was valensed
of like woorke, and fringed with fine gold. Daily the
kynges heard their Masses in these traverses and commonly
they went together to Masse. Diverse tymes the kynges
communed together in counsaill, and some tyme in the
mornyng, or the princes were stirring, their counsailes met,
and sat together agreat whyle.
While the kyng of Englande, lay thus at Bulleyn, the
Frenche kyng to shewe hymselfe lovyng to the noble men
of Englande, the xxv. daie of October, called a Chapiter of
the compaignions of his Ordre, called Sainct Michell, of
whom the kyng of Englande was one, and so there elected
Thomas Duke of Norffolke, and Charles Duke of Suffolke,
to bee compaignions of the saied Ordre, whiche were
brought into the Chapiter, and had there Collers delivered
to theim, and were sworne to the Statutes of the Ordre,
their obeysaunce to their sovereigne Lorde, alwayes re
served: whiche Dukes thanked the Frenche kyng, and
gave to the Officers of Armes twoo hundred Crounes a
pece. All this season the Frenche kyng and his court were
freshe, and his garde were appareled, in frockes of blewe
Crimosyn, and yelowe velvet. With the Frenche kyng, was
the kyng of Naver, the Dolphyn of Vien, the Dukes of
Orliaunce, Angulesme, Vandosme, Evise, Longuile, the
Earles of Sainct Paule, Nevers, Estampes, Lavall, and many
other Erles and Barons and the prince of Melffe, foure
Cardinalles, and eleven bishoppes with their traines and
resort, whiche surely was a greate compaignie : so con
tinued these twoo kynges at Bulleyn, Mondaie, Tewesdaie,
Wednesdaie, and Thursdaie, and on Fridaie the xxv. daie
of October, they departed out of Bulleyn to Calice : the
Frenche kynges train was twelve hundred persones, and so
many horse or more, and without Calice twoo mile, met
with
VOL. II.

THE XXIIII.
YERE
[1532-33]

2 E

2l8

King Henry the VIII.

THE XXIIII.
YERE
[!532-33]

The firste
Chamber.

The seconde
Chamber.

with them the Duke of Richemond, the kynges bastard
sonne of England, a goodly young Prynce, and full of
favoure and beautie, with a greate compaignie of noblemen,
whiche were not at Bulleyne, so the Duke with his com
paignie, embrased the Frenche kyng, and so dyd other
noble men, then the lordes of England set forward, as the
Dukes of Rychemond, Norfolke and Suffolke, the Marques
of Excester, the Erles of Arundell, Oxford, Surrey,
Darby, Worcester, Rutland, Sussex, and Huntyngdon, the
Viscountes of Lisle and Rocheforde, the Byshoppes of
London, Wynchester, Lyncolne, and Bathe, the lorde
Wylliam Haward, the lorde Matraverse, the lorde Moun-
tacute, the lord Cobham, the lord Sandes, the lorde Bray,
the lorde Mordant, the lorde Leonard Grey, the lorde
Clynton, and sir William Fitzwillyam knight, tresorer of
the kynges house, and sir William Paulet, Comptroller of
the same with a greate nomber of knyghtes, besyde the
lustie Esquires and yong gentlemen. These noble person
ages and gentlemen of England, accompaignied the Frenche
Lordes to Newnam Bridge, where as Thomas Palmer,
capitain of the fortresse, with a faire compaignie of
souldiours saluted the Kynges, and so they passed towarde
Calice : Where at their commyng, that what out of the
Toune and the Castle, and what out of Ricebanke, and
the Shyppes in the Haven, the Frenche men saied they
never heard suche a shotte : And when they were entered
the Mille gate, all the Souldiours of the Toune, stoode on
the one syde, appareled in Redde and Blewe, and on the
other side of the stretes, stoode all the servyng menne of
Englande, in coates of Frenche Tawney, with their lordes
and Masters divises embraudered, and every manne a
Scarlette cap and a white fether, whiche made a goodly
shewe : there were lodged in Caleis that night, beside
the toune dwellers, eight thousand persones at the least.
The kyng of England brought the French kyng to his
lodgyng, to the Staple in, where his chamber was hanged
with so rich verdore, as hath not bene sene, the ground
of it was gold and damaske, and all over the tuffes and
flowers, were of Satten Sylke and Sylver, so curiously
wrought that they semed to growe, every chamber was
rycher and other : the second chamber all of Tissue, with
a clothe of estate of nedle worke, set with great Roses of
large

King Henry the VIII.

219

large pearle. The third was hanged with Velvet, upon
velvet pirled grene and Crimosyn, and embraudered over
with braunches, of flowers of gold Bullion, and garnyshed
with armes and beastes of the same gold, set with pearle
and stone. If the Frenche kyng made good chere to the
kyng of Englande, and his trayne at Bulleyne, I assure
you he and his traine, were requited at Caleis, for the
plentie of wylde foule, Venison, Fishe, and all other
thinges whiche were there, it was marveil to see, for the
kynges Officers of England had made preparacion in every
place, so that the Frenchemen were served, with suche
multitude of diverse fishes, this Fridaie and Saterdaie, that
the masters of the Frenche kynges houshold, muche
wondered at the provison. In likewise on the Sondaie,
they had al maner of fleshe, foule, spice, Venison, bothe of
falowe Dere and redde Dere, and as for wine they lacked
none, so that well was thenglishe man that might well enter
tain the Frenche man : the lordes of Fraunce never fetched
their viandes, but thei were sent to them, and often tyme
their proporcion of victaill was so abundaunt, that they
refused a greate parte thereof.
While the kynges were thus in Caleis, they roade every
daie to saint Marie Churche, where were set twoo traverses,
the one for the Frenche Kyng, whiche was Crimosyn Velvet,
replenished with greate Roses of massy Bullion of fyne
golde, and the seede of the saied Roses were great orient
pearle, and about every Rose, was a wrethe all of pearle
and stone whiche traverse was muche wondered at by the
Frenchemen : the other traverse of blewe Velvet and clothe
of Tissue, raised with flowers of silver paned, al the blewe
Velvet was embroudered with knottes, and subtle draughtes,
of leaves and braunches, that fewe men could judge the
cunnyng of the workemanship. The sundaie at night, the
Frenche kyng supped with the kyng of Englande, in a
chamber hanged with tissue, reised with silver, paned with
cloth of silver, reised with gold, and the semes of the same
were covered with brode wrethes, of goldsmithes worke,
full of stone and perle. In this chamber was a coberd of
vii. stages hygh, all of plate of gold, and no gilt plate,
beside that there hong in the said chamber x. braunches of
silver and gilt, and x. braunches al white silver, every
braunche hangyng by a long chain of the same sute, beryng

THE XXIIII.
YERE
f1 533-33]
The thirde
Chamber.

the traverses.

The Supper
made to the
French kyng.

220

King Henry the VIII.

THE XXIIII.
YERE
[1532-33]

v. lightes of waxe. To tell the ryches of the clothes of
estates, the basens and other vessels whiche was there
occupied, I assure you my wit is insufficient, for there was
nothyng occupied that night, but al of gold. The French
kyng was served iii. courses, and his meat dressed after the
French fashion, and the' kyng of Englande had like courses
after thenglishe fashion, the first course of every kyng was
xl. dishes, the second lx. the third Ixx. which wer costly and
plesant. After supper came in the Marchiones of Penbroke, with
vii. ladies in Maskyng apparel, of straunge fashion, made of
clothe of golde, compassed with Crimosyn Tinsell Satyn,
owned with clothe of Sylver, liyng lose and knit with
laces of gold : these ladies were brought into the Chamber,
with foure damoselles appareled in Crimosyn sattyn, with
tabardes of fine Cipres : The lady Marques tooke the
Frenche kyng, and the Countes of Darby, toke the kyng
of Naver, and every lady toke a lorde, and in daunsyng the
kyng of Englande toke awaie the ladies visers, so that
there the ladies beauties were shewed, and after they had
daunsed a while they ceased, and the French kyng talked
with the Marchiones of Penbroke a space, and then he toke
his leave of the Ladies, and the kyng conveighed hym to
his lodgyng : The same night the Duke of Norffolke
feasted all the nobles of Fraunce, beyng there in the castle
of Caleis, with many goodly sportes and pastymes.
On the Mondaie beyng Symon and Judes daie, there
dyned with the kyng of England, the kyng of Naver,
and the Cardinal of Lorrain, and the greate Master, and
Admirall of Fraunce, on whiche daie the kyng of Englande,
called a Chapiter of the knightes of the Gartier, at whiche
Chapiter the Frenche kyng ware the blewe Mantel of the
ordre, because he was of the same ordre, and there were
elected, Annas Memorancie erle of Beaumont, greate Master
of the Frenche kynges house, and Phylip de Chabbot erle
of Newblanke, greate Admirall of Fraunce, whiche had to
them their Collers and Garters delivered, for the which they
rendered to the kyng greate thankes.
The morowe after beyng the thirtie daie of October,
the two kynges departed out of Caleis, and came nere to
Sandyngfeld, and there alyghted in a faire grene place,
where was a table set, and there the Englishemen served the

King Henry the VIII.

221

the Frenchemen of wyne, Ypocras, fruite, and spice abond-
antly. When the two kynges had communed a litle, they
mounted on their horses, and at the very enteryng of the
Frenche grounde, they toke handes, and with Princely
countenaunce, lovyng behavor, and hartie wordes, eche em
brased other and so there departed.
While the kyng of Englande was in the Frenche kynges
dominion, he had the upper hand, and likewise had the
Frenche kyng, in his dominion, and as the Frenche kyng
paied, all the Englishemens charges at Bulleyn, so did the
kyng of England at Caleis, so that every thyng was recom
pensed : savyng that the kyng of England, gave to the
French kyng, diverse precious Juelles and great horses, and
to his nobles great plentie of plate, for the which I could
never heare, that he gave the kyng of Englande any other
thyng, but the white goune, as you have hard, but to the
lordes of the kynges counsaill, he gave certain plate and
chaines. When the kyng was returned to Calice, many gentlemen
tooke shyp to saile into Englande, but the wynd was so
contrariant, that diverse of them were driven backe again
into Calice, and diverse into Flaunders, and in November
rose suche a Wynde, of the North and North Weste, that
all the shippes in Caleis haven, were in great jeoperdy, and
in especial the Hoyes, at whiche season was such a spryng
tide, that it brake the walles of Holland and Zelande, and
drouned diverse tounes in Flaunders, in so muche that the
water rose three foote above the wharfe, where the Key
stode in Andwerpe : this storme continued till the fourth
daie of November, but for all that the wynd chaunged not.
The eight daie rose suche a Wynde tempest and Thonder,
that no man could conveniently stirre in the streates of
Caleis: muche lamentation was made for them that had
taken shippe into Englande, for no man knewe what was
become of them. On Sondaie the wether was faire, the
kyng caused his bedde and other thynges to be shypped,
and entended to departe, but sodainly rose suche a mist,
that no Master could guide a ship, and so he taried that
daie. On Tewesdaie at midnight he tooke ship, _ and
landed at Dover the morowe after, beyng the xiiii. daie of
November, at v. of the clocke in the mornyng, wherefore
the Saterdaie after, was song Te deum in the Cathedrall Churche

THE XXIIII.
YERE
t1 532-33]
The Kynges
departure.

222

King Henry the VIII.

THE XXIIII.
YERE
[1532-33]

The kyng
maried to
Lady Anne
bulleine.

Churche of sainct Paule in London : the Lorde keper of
the great Seale, the Maior of London, and diverse other
noble and sad persones (whiche made their abode in London,
for the governaunce of the realme in the kynges absence)
beyng present. The kyng after his returne, maried privily
the lady Anne Bulleyn, on sainct Erkenwaldes daie, whiche
mariage was kept so secrete, that very fewe knewe it, til she
was greate with childe, at Easter after.
When the kyng should passe over the sea, he considered
that the Scottes had robbed his subjectes, bothe by sea and
land, and that no redresse was made for the same, imagined
that in his absence, they would attempt some outragious
enterprise against his people, wherfore like a prudent prince
to be in a suretie, he sent sir Arthur Darcy knight, with
thre hundred tall menne to Barwicke, to defende the in
vasions of the Scottes. The Scottes hearyng of his commyng,
came into Northumberlande, by the middle marches, and
came to a place called Fowbery, and in their jorney fired
certain villages and returned. Sir Arthur Darcy hearyng of
this aventure was nothyng contente. Nowe at this season
there laie at Berwicke, Archibald Doglas Erie of Angus,
whiche had maried the Quene of Scottes, the kynges syster,
and was banished Scotlande and she was from hym divorsed,
and maried to another. The Scottes bragged of their enter
prise, and saied that sir Arthur had brought them good
lucke, and said, that he and the Erie of Angus, slepte well
in Barwicke : they hearyng of this bragge, made a roade
with iiii. C. men into Scotland, and set a village on fire :
then shortly assembled together viii. C. Scottes. When
thenglishmen perceived the Scottes, they caused their
trompet to blowe a retreate, and the Erie and xx with
hym, shewed hym self on a hill, even in the face of the
Scottes, and the trumpette blewe at their backes, so that
the Scottes thought that there had bene ii. compaignies,
whiche caused the Scottes to flie, and the Englishemen
folowed, and slewe a greate nomber, and toke many
prisoners, and brought them to Berwicke, the twentie daie
of October.
The Kyng this yere kepte his Christemas at Grenewyche,
and after Christmas sir Thomas Awdeley, Lorde keper of
the great Seale, was made Chaunceller of Englande, and
when the Parliament beganne, because the office of the
Spekar

King Henry the VIII.

223

Spekar was voyde, Humfrey Wyngfeld of Grais Inne, was
elected Spekar of the parliament, whiche was presented
accordyng as you have heard, of the other Spekar before.
In the whiche Parliament was made an acte, that no persone
should appeale for any cause out of this realme, to the
Courte of Rome, but from Commisiarie to the Byshoppe,
and from Byshop to the Archebishop, and from Arche-
byshop to the kyng, and all causes of the kyng, to bee
tried in the upper house of the Convocation. And in the
same parliament was enacted that Quene Katheryn should
from thence furth, be no more called quene, but princes
Dowager, of prince Arthur.
In this Sommer season last past, died Willyam Warham
Archebyshoppe of Cantorbury, and to that Byshopryck was
named, Doctor Thomas Cranmer, the kynges chappelain, a
man of good learnyng, and of a verteous lyfe, whiche also
not long before, was the kynges Ambassadour to the byshop
of Rome, whiche was consecrate in Lent.
After the kyng perceiving his newe wife Quene Anne, to
bee greate with childe, caused all officers necessary, to bee
appoynted to her, and so on Easter even, she went to her
Closet openly as Quene, with all solempnitie, and then the
kyng appoynted the daie of her Coronacion, to bee kept on
Whitsondaie next folowyng, and writynges were sent to all
Shrives, to certifie the names of menne of fourtie pounde,
to receive the Ordre of knighthod, or els to make a fyne :
the assessement of whiche fines, were appoynted to Thomas
Cromwell, Master of the Kynges Juell house, and counsailer
to the Kyng, and newly in his hygh favour, whiche so
pollityquely handeled the matter, that he raised of that
sessyng of fines, a great somme of money to the kynges
use : Also the kyng wrote letters to the citie of London, to
prepare pagiauntes, against the same coronacion.

THE XXV. YERE.
THE kyng in the beginnyng of this xxv. yere,
kepte the daie of sainct George, at his Manor
of Grenewiche, with great solempnitie, and the
Courte was greatly replenished, with lordes, knightes, and
with Ladies and Gentelwomen, to a great nomber, with all
solace

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224 King Henry the VIII.

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The Kyng
and quene
Katherine,
divorsed.

solace and pleasure. You have hard the last yere, how the
parliament had enacted, that no person should after a daie,
appele to Rome for any cause, whatsoever it were, and that
the Quene, now called the Prynces Dowager, had appeled
to the Court of Rome, before the Acte made, so that it was
doubted, whether that appeale were good or not. This
question was well handeled in the Parliament house, but
muche better in the Convocacion house, but in both houses
it was alleged, yea, and by bookes shewed, that in the Coun-
sailes of Calcedone, Affricke, Toletane, and diverse other
famous Counsayles, in the primitive Churche, yea, in the
tyme of sainct Augustine, it was affirmed, declared, and
determined, that a cause risyng in one Province, should be
determined in the same, and that neither the patriarke of
Constantinople, should medle in causes moved in the juris
diction of the patriarke of Antioche, nor no bishop should
entermit, within anothers province or countrey : which
thinges were so clerkely opened, so connyngly set furth to
all intentes, that every man that had witte, and was deter
mined too folowe the truth, and not affectionate nor wylfully
wedded to his awn mind, might plainly se that al appeles
made to Rome, were clerely voide and of none effect :
whiche doctrines and counsailes, were shewed to the lady
Katherine prynces Dowager, but she (as women love to lose
no dignitie) ever continued in her old song, trustyng more
to the Popes parcialitie, then to the determinacion of Christes
veritie. Wherupon the Archebyshop of Cantorbury, accom
panied with the bishoppes of London, Winchester, Bathe,
Lyncolne, and diverse other great clerkes, in a great nomber
roade to Dunstable, which is syx myle from Ampthil, where
the Princes Dowager laye, and there by a doctor called
doctor Lee, she was ascited to appere before the saied
Archebyshoppe, in cause of Matrimonie, in the saied toune
of Dunstable, and at the daie of apparaunce she would not
appere, but made defaute, and so she was called peremp-
torie, every daie xv. daies to gether, and at the laste for
lacke of apparaunce, and for contumacie, by thassent of all
the learned men there beyng present, she was divorsed
from the kyng, and their Mariage declared to bee voyde
and of none effecte, whiche sentence geven, the Archebyshop
and all the other, returned whether it pleased them.
After whiche divorse sued, many wise menne saied, that the

King Henry the VIII. 225

the kyng was not well counsailed, to mary the lady Anne
Bulleyne, before the divorse were adjudged, for by mariyng
before the firste mariage was dissolved, they said, that the
second mariage might be brought in question, and verely
they saied true, for so it was in the monethe of Maie, three
yere folowyng, as you shall here after, when I come to the
tyme. Of this divorse every man spake, as his discrecion
and wisedom was, for wise men said that it was Godly and
honorably done, for the discharge of the kynges conscience,
and profitable for the suretie of the realme, and that God
loved this mariage, consideryng that the newe Quene, was
so sone with chylde. Other saied that the byshop of Rome
would cursse all Englishemen, and that themperor and he
would invade the realme, and destroye the people, and
specially the Spanyardes bosted muche, but thankes be to
God, their doinges were muche lesse then their wordes :
but after every man had talked inough, there was no more
communyng of the matter, but all was in peace.
A lide before this tyme was there a worshipfull esquier
in Glocester shyre called Wyllyam Tracy of Todyngton
whiche made in his wyll that he would no funerall pompe
at his buriyng, neither passed he upon Masse, and farther
sayd that he trusted in God onely and hopyng by hym to
be saved and not by no saint. This gentleman dyed, and
his sonne as executor brought the wil to the bishop of
Cauntorbury to prove, which he shewed to the convo
cation and there unadvisedly they adjudged hym to be
taken out of the ground and to be brent as an heritike,
and sent a commission to doctor Parker chauncelor of the
dyoces of Worcester to execute their sentence, whiche
accomplished the same. The kyng hearyng his subject to
be exhumate and brent without his knowlege or order of
his lawe sent for the Chauncelor and layde the high offence
to hym, whiche excused him by the archebishop of Cauntor
bury whiche was late dead : but in conclusion it cost hym
CCC. pound to have his pardon. But yet for a farther
trueth to be knowen of this gentelmans death, and the
cruell ignorauncye of the bishoppes, I have here expressed
his wylle worde by worde as foloweth.
In the name of God Amen, I Wyllyam Tracy of Todyng
ton in the countie of Gloucester esquier make my Testament
and last wille as hereafter foloweth. Fyrst and before all
other

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Marke xvi.

Math. xxv.

Roma, xiiii.

King Henry the VIII.

other thinges I commit me unto God and to his mercy,
belevyng without any doubt or mistrust that by his grace
and the merites of Jesus Christ, and by the vertue of his
passion and of his resurrection I have and shal have remis
sion of my sinnes and resurrection of body and soule accord
ing as it is written, I beleve that my redemer lyveth, and that
in the last day I shall ryse out of the yearth and in my fleshe
shall see my savior, this my hope is layde up in my bosome.
And touchyng the wealth of my soule, the fayth that I
have taken and rehersed is sufficient (as I suppose) without
any other mannes worke or workes. My ground and belefe
is, that there is but one God and one mediator betwene God
and man, whiche is Jesus Christ, so that I accept none in
heaven nor in yerth to be mediator betwene me and God :
but onely Jesus Christ, all other be but peticioners in re-
ceivyng of grace, but none hable to geve influence of grace.
And therefore will I bestowe no part of my goodes for that
entent that any man should say, or do, to helpe my soule,
for therin I trust onely to the promises of God : he that
beleveth and is baptized shal be saved, and he that beleveth
not shalbe damned.
As touchyng the buriyng of my body, it availeth me not
whatsoever be done therto, for saint Augustine sayeth de
cura agenda pro mortuis that the funerall pompes are rather
the solace of them that live, then for the welth and comforte
of them that are ded, and therefore I remitte it onely to the
discretion of myne executors.
And touching the distribution of my temporall goodes,
my purpose is by the grace of God to bestowe them, to be
accepted as the fruites of fayth, so that I do not suppose that
my merite is by good bestowyng of them but my merite is
the fayth of Jesus Christ onely, by whom suche workes are
good accordyng to the wordes of our lorde : I was hungry
and thou gavest me to eat. &c. and it foloweth, that ye have
done to the least of my brethren ye have done it to me. &c.
And ever we should consider the true sentence, that a good
worke maketh not a good man, but a good man maketh a
good worke : for fayth maketh the man both good and
righteous, for a righteous man liveth by fayth : and what
soever spryngeth not of fayth is synne.
And all my temporall goodes that I have not geven or
delivered or not geven by writyng of myne own hand
bearyng

King Henry the VIII.

227

bearyng the date of this present writyng, I do leave and
geve to Margaret my wyfe and to Richard my sonne whom
I make myne Executors. Wytnes this myne owne hand,
the x. day of October in the xxii. yere of the reigne of
Kyng Henry the VIII.
This is the true copy of his wille, for the whiche as you
have heard before after he was almoste thre yeres dead, they
toke him up and burned hym.
In the moneth of Maye Pope Clement sent an Orator to
the kyng at Grenewyche certifiyng hym that he had ap
poynted a generall counsail to be kept at Mantua the yere
folowing, and therof had advertised all princes Christen,
requiryng the kyng likewyse as he did all other princes
Christen for the universal welth of all Christendome and
for the quietyng of opinions newly growen, to appeare
there personally : to the whiche it was answered that it
was both jeopardeous for the king and for his whole realme
to have their prince absent for feare of invasions by utward
enemies, but he sayed he would sende thither a sufficient
procuracie and convenient proctors, and desired to see the
Orators commission.
When he with an evyll will had shewed his commission,
there appered neither place nor tyme of the counsaill.
For the kyng knew well before his commyng that the Mar
ques of Mantua had made a full denial to the pope that
he would have no suche assemble to be kept in his citie nor
dominions for divers great and urgent causes, and so the
popes Orator departed with an uncertain answere to an
uncertain demaund but not unrewarded.
The kyng beyng advertised by the Frenche kyng how
that he and the Pope should mete at Nece in June folowyng,
thought it convenient to sende a solempne Ambassade to the
Frenche kyng both to accompany hym to Nece and also to
comon with the bishop of Rome concernyng his unlawfull
stay in the kynges devorce : wherupon he appointed the
duke of Norffolke, the lorde Rocheforde brother to the
newe quene, sir Wyllyam Pawlet comptroller of the kynges
housholde, sir Anthonye Browne and sir Fraunces Bryan
knightes to be his ambassadors which made great provision
for that purpose and so with the nomber of Clx. horses
came to Dover and so to Caleys on Whitson eve, (on whiche
day the quene made her entry through the citie of London toward

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King Henry the VIII.

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toward her coronacion) where thei made their abode a cer
tain space and passed through all Fraunce till they came to
Lyons, where they remayned a space as you shall here after.
This very season was daily skirmishyng betwene the bor
derers of the marches of Englande and Scotland, and yet no
warre proclaimed and many robberies, murders and man
slaughters done on both partes, and although the commis
sioners of the realmes of Englande and of Scotland lay
at Newcastle upon Tyne entreatyng a truce and amitie,
yet duryng the communicacion, the Scottes ceased not to
robbe both by sea and land, and toke dyvers litle botes
laden with corne and fishe, wherof hearyng the kyng of
Englande, he decked and vitailed dyvers shippes of warre
and sent them to the North seas to defende his subjectes.
The Scottes hearyng that the Englishe navye was come on
their cost, in al hast fled home to their harbor, but yet the
Englishemen folowed them and fetched many of their praies
out of their havens maugre of their heades.
In the beginnyng of May the kyng caused open Procla
mations to be made that all men that claimed to do any
service or execute any office at the solempne feast of the
coronacion, by the way of Tenor, graunt or prescription
should put their graunt iii. wekes after Ester in the starre
chamber before Charles duke of Suffolke for that tyme
high steward of England and the lorde Chauncelor and
other commissioners.
The duke of Norffolke claymed to be erle Marshall and
to exercise hys office at that feast. The erle of Arrondell
claymed to be high butler and to exercise the same : the
erle of Oxford claymed to be chamberlain : the vicount
Lysle claymed to be panter : the lord Burgainy to be
chiefe larderer, and the lord Bray claimed to be almoner,
and sir Henry Wiat knight claymed to be ewrer : All these
noble parsonages desired theyr offices with their fees. Besyde
these the Maior of London claymed to serve the quene with
a cuppe of golde and a cuppe of assay of the same, and
that xii. citizens should attende on the cupborde and the
Maior to have the cuppe and cuppe of assay for his labor,
which petition was allowed. The v. Portes claimed to beare
a Canapie over the quenes hed the daye of the Coronacion
with iiii. gilte Belles and to have the same for a rewarde
whiche also to them was allowed. Dyvers other put in petie
claimes

King Henry the VIII. 229

claimes which wer not allowed because they semed only to
be done at the kynges coronacion. Al this season great
purveiaunce was made of all maner of vitailes, and lordes,
knightes and squiers were sent for out of all countreys
whyche came to London at their day with a great nomber
of people. The receivyng, conveiyng and coronacion of quene Anne
wyfe to the high and mightie prince
kyng Henry the eight.
After that the kynges highnes had addressed his gracious
letters to the Maior and cominaltie of the citie, signifiyng to
them that his pleasure was to solempnise and celebrate the
coronacion of his moste deare and welbeloved wyfe Quene
Anne at Westminster the Whitsonday nexte ensuyng, will
yng theim to make preparacion aswell to fetche her grace
from Grenewyche to the Tower by water as to see the citie
ordered and garnished with pageauntes in places accustomed,
for the honor of her grace. When she should be conveyed
from the Tower to Westminster, there was a common coun
saill called, and commaundement was geven to the Haber
dashers (of which craft the Maior sir Stephen Pecocke then
was) that they should prepare a barge for the Batchellers
with a wafter and a foyst garnished with banners and
streamers likewyse as they use to dooe when the Maior is
presented; at Westminster on the morowe after Symon and
Jude. Also all other craftes were commaunded to prepare
barges and to garnishe them not alonely with their banners
accustomed, but also to decke theim with Targettes by the
sides of the barges, and so set up all suche semely banners
and bannorettes as they had in their halles or could gette
mete to furnishe their sayd barges, and every barge to have
mynstrelsie, accordyng to whiche • commaundementes great
preparacion was made ' for all thynges necessary for suche a
noble triumph*
The commyng by water from Grenewyche the thursday.
The xix. daye of Maye the Maior and his brethren all in
Scarlet, and suche as wer knightes had collers of Esses and
the remnant havyng good chaynes, and the counsail of the
citie with them assembled at saint Mary Hyl, and at one of
the

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the clocke discended to the Newstayre to their barge, whiche
was garnished with many goodly banners and stremers, and
richely covered, In whiche barge were Shalmes, Shagbushes
and divers other instrumentes, whiche continually made a
goodly armony. After that the Maior and his brethren
wer in their barge seyng that all the companyes to the
nomber of fiftie barges were ready to wayte upon theim :
They gave commaundement to the companyes that no barge
should rowe nerer to another then twyse the length of the
barge upon a great paine. And to see the order kept, there
were three light whereys prepared, and in every one of them
two officers to call on theim to kepe their order, after whiche
commaundement geven they set forth in order as hereafter
is discribed. Fyrst before the Maiors barge was a Foyst or Wafter full
of ordinaunce, in whiche Foyst was a great Dragon con
tinually moving, and castyng wyldfyer, and round about the
sayd Foyst stode terrible monsters and wylde men castyng
fyer, and makyng hidious noyses : Next after the Foyst a
good distaunce came the Maiors barge, on whose right hand
was the Batchellers barge, in the whiche were trumpettes and
dyvers other melodious instrumentes. The deckes of the
sayd barge and the sailyardes and the toppe castles were
hanged with riche cloth of golde and silke. At the foreship
and the Sterne were two great banners riche beaten with the
armes of the kyng and the quene, and on the toppe castle
also was a long stremer newly beaten with the sayd armes.
The sides of the barge was sette full of Flagges and banners
of the devises of the company of Haberdashers and mar
chauntes adventurers, and the cordes were hanged with in
numerable penselles havyng litle belles at the endes whiche
made a goodly noyse and a goodly sight waveryng in the
wynde. On the outsyde of barge were thre dosen Scoch-
yons in metall of armes of the kyng and the quene whiche
were beaten upon square bocrame devided so that the right
side had the kynges colors, and the left syde the quenes,
whiche Scochyons were fastened on the clothes of gold and
silver hangyng on the deckes on the left hand. On the left
hand of the Maior was another Foyst, in the whiche was a
mount and on the same stode a white Fawcon crouned upon
a rote of golde environed with white roses and red, whiche
was the Quenes devise : about whiche mount satte virgyns
singyng

King Henry the VIII. 231

singyng and plaiyng swetely. Next after the Maior folowed
his felowship the Haberdashers. Next after them the Mer
cers, then the Grocers, and so every company in his order,
and last of all the Maiors and shiriffes officers every com
pany havyng melodye in his barge by hymselfe, and goodly
garnished with banners and some garnished with silke and
some with Arras and riche carpettes whiche was a goodly
sight to beholde, and in this order they rowed to Grenewyche
to the poynt next beyond Grenewyche, and there they turned
backward in another order, that is to wete, the Maior and
Shiriffes officers first, and the meanest craft next, and so
ascendyng to the uttermost craftes in order and the Maior
last as thei go to Poules at Christmas, and in that order they
rowed douneward to Grenewiche toune and there cast anker
makyng great melody. At thre of the clocke the quene
appeared in riche cloth of gold and entered into her barge
accompanied with divers ladies and gentlewomen, and in
continent the Citizens set forwardes in their order, their
minstrels continually plaiyng, and the Batchelers barge
goyng on the quenes right hand whiche she tooke great
pleasure to beholde. Aboute the quenes barge were many
noble men, as the duke of Suffolke, the Marques Dorset,
the Erie of Wylshyre her father, the Erles of Arrondel,
Darby, Rutland, Worceter, Huntyngton, Sussex, Oxford,
and many bishoppes and noblemen every one in his barge,
which was a goodly sight to behold. She thus beyng accom
panied rowed towarde the Tower, and in the meane way the
shippes whiche were commaunded to lye on the shore for
lettyng of the barges, shotte divers peales of gunnes, and or
she landed there was a mervailous shotte out of the Tower
as ever was harde there. And at her landyng there met
with her the lord Chamberlain with the officers of armes
and brought her to the kyng, which received her with
lovyng countenaunce at the Posterne by the water syde and
kyssed her, and then she turned backe againe and thanked
the Maior and the citezens with many goodly wordes, and so
entered into the Tower. After which entry the citezens all
this while hoved before the Tower makyng great melody and
went not alande, for none wer assigned to land but the
Maior, the Recorder and two Aldermen. But for to speake
of the people that stode on every shore to beholde the sight,
he that sawe it not would not beleve it.
On

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On Fryday at diner served the kyng all suche as were
appointed by his highnes to be knightes of the bath, which
after dyner were brought to their chambers, and that night
were bathed and shryven accordyng to the old usage of Eng
land, and the next day in the mornyng the kyng dubbed
theim accordyng to the ceremonies thereto belongyng whose
names ensueth.

The Marques Dorset.
The Erie of Darby.
The lorde Clyfforde.
The lorde Fitzwater.
The lorde Hastynges.
The lorde Mountaigle.
Sir Jhon Mordant.
The lorde Vaux.
Sir Henry Parker.

Sir Wyllyam Wynsore.
Sir Fraunces Weston.
Sir Thomas Arrondell.
Sir John Hulstone.
Sir Thomas Pownynges.
Sir Henry Saved.
Sir George Fitzwillyam.
Sir Jhon Tyndall.
Sir Thomas Jermey.

Saterday the xxxi. day.
The receivyng and conveiyng of the quene through London.
To the entent that the horses should not slide on the
Pavement, nor that the people should not be hurted by
horses, the high stretes wher the quene should passe were
all graveled from the Tower to Temple barre and railed on
the one side, within whiche rayles stode the craftes a long in
their order from Grace churche where the marchauntes of
the Styllyard stode till the lide conduite in Chepe where the
Aldermen stode, and on the other syde of the strete stode
the Constables of the citie apparelled in velvet and silke
with great staves in their handes to cause the people to kepe
rome and good order. And when the stretes were some
what ordered, the Maior clothed in a goune of crimosyn
Velvet and a riche collor of Esses with two footemen clad
in white and red damaske roade to the Tower to geve his
attendance on the Quene, on whom the Shiriffes with their
officers did wayte till they came to Tower hill, where they
takyng their leave roade doune the high streates commaund-
yng the Constables to see rome and good order kept, and so
went and stode by the Aldermen in Chepe. And before the
quene and her traine should come, Cornehill and Gracious
streate were hanged with fyne Scarlet, Crimosyn and other
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King Henry the VIII.

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grayned clothes, and in some place with riche Arras,
Tapestry and Carpettes, and the moste part of the Chepe
was hanged with clothe of Tyssue, Golde, Velvet and many
riche hangynges whiche made a goodly shewe, and all the
wyndowes were replenished with ladyes and gentlewomen to
beholde the quene and her trayne as they shuld passe by.
The fyrst of the quenes company that set forward were xii.
Frenchmen whiche were belongyng to the Frenche Ambas
sador dothed in coates of blewe velvet with sieves of yelowe
and blewe velvet and their horses trapped with close trappers
of blewe Sarcenet poudered with white crosses : after theim
marched gendemen, squiers knightes ii. and ii. After them
the Judges, and after them the knightes of the bath in Violet
gounes with hoddes purfeled with Miniver lyke doctors,
after them abbottes, then Barons, after them bishoppes, then
Erles and Marquesses, then the lorde Chauncelor of Eng
land, after him the archebishop of Yorke and the ahibassador
of Venice, after him the archebishop of Cauntorbury and the
ambassador of Fraunce, after roade ii. squiers of honor with
robes of estate rolled and worne baudrike wise about their
neckes with cappes of estate representing the dukes of Nor
mandy and Acquitaine : after them roade the Maior of
London with his Mace, and Garter in his coate of armes,
whiche Maior bare his Mase to Westminster halle, after
theim rode the lorde Wylliam Haward with the Marshals
rod deputie to his brother the duke of Norffolke Marshall
of England whiche was ambassador then in Fraunce : and on
his right hand roade Charles Duke of Suffolke for that day
high Constable of England bearyng the verder of silver
appertainyng to the office of Constableship, and all the lordes
for the moste parte were clothed in Crimosyn velvet, and all
the Quenes servauntes or officers of armes in Scarlet. Next
before the quene road her chauncelor bareheded, the ser-
geauntes and officers of armes roade on both the sides of the
lordes. Then came the quene in a litter of white cloth of
golde not covered nor bayled whiche was led by ii. palferies
clad in white damaske doune to the ground head and all, led
by her foetemen. She had on a circot of white clothe of
Tyssue and a mantle of the same furred with Ermyne, her
heere hanged doune, but on her head she had a coyffe with a
circlet about it ful of riche stones. Over her was borne a
Canapie of clothe of golde with iiii. gilte staves and iiii. silver
belles.

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belles. For bearyng of whiche Canapye were appointed xvi.
knightes, iiii. to beare it one space on foote and other iiii.
another space accordyng to their owne appointment. Next
after the quene roade the lorde Borough her chamberlain,
next after hym Wylliam Coffyn Master of the Horses lead-
yng a spare horse with a syde saddle trapped doune with
clothe of tyssue : after him roade vii. ladyes in crimosyn
velvet turned up with cloth of gold and of tyssue and their
horses trapped with cloth of gold, after them ii. chariotes
covered with red cloth of gold. In the fyrst Chariot was ii.
ladyes which were the olde duches of Norfolke and the old
marchiones of Dorset. In the second chariot wer iiii. ladies
all in Crimosyn velvet. After theim roade vii. ladyes in the
same suite their horses trappers and all, after theim came the
third Chariot all white with vi. Ladyes in Crimosyn velvet,
next after theim came the fowerth Chariot all redde, with
viii. ladies also in crimosyn Velvet, after whom folowed xxx.
gentlewomen all in velvet and silke in the livery of their
ladies on whom they gave their attendaunce. After them
folowed the Garde in coates of Goldsmythes worke, in
whiche order they roade forth till they came to Fanchurche,
where was made a pageaunt all with children apparelled like
marchauntes whiche welcommed her to the Citie 'with two
proper propositions both in Frenche and Englishe, and
from thence she roade to Gracious church corner, where
was a costly and a marvailous connyng pageaunt made by
the marchauntes of the Styllyarde, for there was the mount
Pernasus with the fountayne of Helycon, which was of
white Marble and iiii. streames without pype did rise an
ell hye and mette together in a litle cuppe above the foun
tain, which fountain ranne aboundantly Racked Rennishe
wyne til night. On the mountaine satte Appollo and at his
fete satte Calliope, and on every syde of the mountain satte
iiiL Muses plaiyng on severall swete instrumentes, and at
their feete Epigrammes and Poyses were written in golden
letters in the whiche every Muse accordyng to her propertie
praysed the Quene : so from thence she passed to Leaden
Hall where was a goodly pageaunt with a type and a heavenly
roffe, and under the type was a rote of golde set on a litle
mountaine environed with red roses and white, out of the
type came doune a Fawcon all white and sate upon the rote,
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and set a close croune of golde on the Fawcons head, and
in the same pageaunt satte saint Anne with all her issue
beneth her, and under Mari Cleophe satte her iiii. children,
of the whiche children one made a goodly Oracion to the
quene of the fruitefulnes of saint Anne and of her genera
tion, trustyng that like fruite should come of her. Then
she passed to the conduicte in Cornehill where wer thre
graces set in a throne, afore whom was the spryng of grace
continually rennyng wyne. Afore the fountain satte a Poete
declaring the properties of every grace, and that done every
lady by her selfe accordyng to her propertie gave to the
quene a severall gift of grace. That done she passed by the
great conduite in Chepe which was newly painted with armes
of devises : out of the whiche conduit by a goodly fountain
set at the one end ranne continually wyne both white and
claret all that after noone, and so she rode to the Standard
whiche was richely painted with ymages of kynges and
quenes and hanged with banners of armes, and in the toppe
was mervaylous swete armony both of song and instrument.
Then she went forward to the crosse whiche was newly gilt,
till she came where the Aldermen stode, and then Master
Baker the Recorder came to her with lowe reverence
makyng a proper and briefe proposicion and gave to her
in the name of the Citie a thousand markes in golde in a
Purse of golde, whiche she thankefully accepted with many
goodly wordes, and so roade to the lytle conduite where
was a ryche pageaunt full of melodye and song, in whiche
pageaunt was Pallas, Juno and Venus, and before them stode
Mercury whiche in the name of the iii. goddesses gave to
her a balle of gold devided in thre, signifiyng thre giftes the
which thre Goddesses gave to her, that is to saye, wysdome,
ryches and felicitie. As she entred into Paules gate there
was a pretie pageaunt in whiche satte thre ladyes rychely
clothed, and in a circle on their head was written Regina
Anna prospere procede et regna. The Lady in the myddes
had a Tablet in the whiche was written Veni arnica coronaberis,
and under the tablet satte an angell with a close croune, and
the ladye sittyng on the right hande had a Tablet of sylver
in whiche was written Domine directe gressus meos, and the
thyrd ladye had a Tablet of golde with letters Asure written,
confido in domine, and under their feete was written, Anna
Regina nominum, Regis de sanguine natum, cum paries populis aurea

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aurea secla tuis. And these ladyes cast doune Wafers, on
the whiche the two verses were written. From thence she
passed to the East ende of Paules Churcheyarde agaynst the
schole, where stode on a Scaffolde two hundreth chyldren
well apparelled, whiche sayd to her divers goodly verses of
Poetes translated into Englishe, to the honor of the kyng
and her, whiche she highly commended. And when she
came to Ludgate, the gate was newly garnished with golde
and byse. And on the ledes of sainct Martyns Churche
stode a goodly quere of singyng men and children whiche
sang newe balades made in praise of her. After that she
was passed Ludgate she proceded towarde Fletestrete where
the Conduict was newely painted, and all the armes and
angels refreshed, and the chyme melodiously sownyng.
Upon the Conduite was made a toune with iiii. Turettes,
and in every Turret stode one of the cardinall vertues with
their tokens and properties, whiche had several speches,
promisyng the Quene never to leave her, but to be aydyng
and comfortyng her. And in the myddes of the tower
closely was suche several solempne instrumentes, that it
semed to be an heavenly noyse, and was muche regarded
and praysed : and besyde this the said Conduyte ranne
wyne Claret and Red all the afternoone. So she with all
her companye and the Maior roade forth to Temple barre,
whiche was newly painted and repayred, where stode also
divers singyngmen and children, til she came to West
minster halle, whiche was richely hanged with clothe of
Arras and newe glased. And in the myddes of the halle
she was taken out of her littre, and so led up to the high
dece under the clothe of estate, on whose lefte hand was a
cupborde of x. stages merveilous riche and beutifull to
behold, and within a litle season was brought to the quene
with a solempne service in great standyng spyce plates, a
voyde of Spice and subtilties with Ipocras and other wynes,
whiche she sent doune to her ladyes, and when the ladyes
had dronke she gave hartie thankes to the lordes and ladyes,
and to the Maior and other that had geven their attendance
on her, and so withdrew her selfe with a fewe ladyes to the
White halle and so to her chamber, and there shifted her,
and after went into her barge secretely to the kyng to hys
Manor of Westminster wher she rested that night. Sonaay

King Henry the VIII.

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Sonday beyng whitsonday the first day of June
and the day of her coronacion.
On sonday the Maior cladde in crimosyn velvet and wyth
his collor and all the Aldermen and shiriffes in Scarlet and
the counsaill of the citie tooke theyr barge at the Crane by
seven of the clocke and came to Westminster where thei wer
welcomed and brought into the halle by Master Treasorer
and other of the kynges house, and so gave theyr attend
aunce till the quene should come forth. Betwene viii. and
ix. she came into the halle and stoode under the clothe of
estate, and then came in the kynges chapel and the monkes
of Westminster all in riche copes and many bishoppes and
Abbottes in copes and miters whych went into the middes
of the halle, and there stoode a season. Then was there a
raye clothe spred from the quenes standyng in the halle
through the palace and saintuary, which was railed on bothe
sydes to the high Aulter of Westminster. After that the
raye clothe was cast, the officers of armes appointed the
order accustomed. First went gentlemen, then esquiers,
then knightes then the aldermen of the citie in their clokes
of Scarlet, after them the Judges in theyr mantels of Scarlet
and coyffes. Then folowed the knightes of the bathe beyng
no lordes, every man havyng a white lace on his left sieve.
Then folowed Barons and vicountes in theyr parliament
robes of Scarlet. After them came Erles, Marquesses and
Dukes in their robes of estate crimosyn velvet furred wyth
Ermyne poudered accordyng to theyr degrees. After them
came the lorde Chauncelor in a robe of Scarlet open before
bordered wyth Lettice : after hym came the kynges chapel
and the Monkes solempnely singyng wyth procession, then
came abbottes and bishoppes mitered, then sergeauntes and
officers of armes, then after them went the Maior of London
wyth hys mace, and garter in his cote of armes, Then went
the Marques Dorcet in a robe of estate whiche bare the
scepter of gold, and the erle of Arrondel whiche bare the
rod of Yvery with the Dove both together : Then went
alone the erle of Oxforde high Chamberlain of England
which bare the croune, after him went the duke of Suffolke
in his robe of estate also for that day beyng high steward of
England, havyng a long white rod in his hande, and the
lorde Wyllyam Hawarde with the rodde of the Marshalship and

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and every knight of the Garter had on his collor of the
order. Then proceded forth the quene in a circot and robe
of purple Velvet furred with Ermyne in her here, coyffe,
and circlet, as she had the saterday, and over her was borne
the Canapye by iiii. of the v. Portes al crimosyn with pointes
of blewe and red hangyng on their sieves, and the bishoppes
of London and Wynchester bare up the lappes of the quenes
robe. The quenes traine whiche was very long was borne
by the old dutches of Norffolke : after her folowed ladies
beyng lordes wyves whiche had circottes of scarlet with
narow sieves, the brest all Lettice with barres of borders
accordyng to their degrees. And over that they had man
tels of Scarlet furred, and every mantle had lettice about the
necke like a necketcher likewise poudered, so that by the
pouderynges there degre was knowen. Then folowed ladies
beyng knightes wyves in gounes of Scarlet with narow
sieves without traines only edged with lettice, and likewise
had all the quenes gentlewomen. When she was thus
brought to the high place made in the middes of the churche
betwene the quere and the high alter she was set in a riche
chayre. And after that she had rested a while she discended
doune to the high Alter and there prostrate her self while
the archebishop of Cauntorbury sayd certaine collettes :
then she rose and the bishop anoynted her on the head
and on the brest, and then she was led up againe, wher
after divers Oraisons sayd, the archebishop set the croune
of saint Edward on her head, and then delivered her the
scepter of gold in her right hand, and the rod of Ivery with
the dove in the left hand, and then all the quere sang Te
deum, &c. Which done the bishop toke of the croune of
saint Edward beyng hevy and sette on the Croune made for
her, and so went to Masse. And when the offertory was
begon she discended doune and offred beyng crouned, and
so ascended up again and sate in her chayre till Agnus, And
then she went doune and kneled before the alter where she
received of the archbishop the holy sacrament and then went
up to her place againe. After that Masse was done she went
to saint Edwardes shryne and there offered, after whiche offer-
yng done she withdrewe her into a lide place made for the
nones on the one side of the quere. Now in the meane season
every duches had put on their bonettes a coronall of gold
wrought with flowers, and every Marquesses put on a demy
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239

Coronal of golde, every counties a plaine circlet of gold with
out flowers, and every king of armes put on a croune of
Coper and gilte all whiche were worne till nyght. When the
quene had a litle reposed her, the company returned in the
same order that they set forth, and the Quene went crouned
and so did the Ladies aforesayd. Her right hand was sus-
tayned by the erle of Wylshire her father, and her left hand
by the lorde Talbot deputie for the erle of Shrewsbury and
lorde Forynfall his father. And when she was out of the
sanctuary and appered within the palace, the trumpettes
played mervaylous freshely, and so she was brought to
Westminster halle, and so to her withdrawyng chamber,
duryng whiche tyme the lordes, Judges, Maior and Alder
men put of their robes, Mantels and Clokes, and toke their
hoddes from their neckes and cast them about their shoulders,
and the lordes satte onely in their circottes, and the Judges
and Aldermen in their gounes. And all the lordes that
served that day served in their circotes and their hoddes
aboute their shoulders. Also divers officers of the kynges
house beyng no lordes had circottes and hoddes of Scarlet
edged with Myniver, as the Treasorer, Controller and
Master of the Juell house, but their circottes were not
gilte. The order and sittyng at diner.
While the quene was in her chamber, every lord and other
that ought to do service at coronations did prepare them
according to their duetie, as the duke of Suffolke high
steward of England whiche was richely apparelled, his
doblet and Jaket set with orient perle, his goune of crimo
sin velvet enbrodered, his courser trapped with a cloth
trapper head and all to the ground of Crimosyn Velvet
set full of letters of golde of goldsmithes worke havyng a
long white rodde in his hand, on his left hand roade the
lord Wylliam, deputie for his brother as erle Marshal with
the Marshals rod, whose goune was Crimosyn velvet, and
his horse trapper purple velvet cut on white satten en
brodered with white Lyons. The erle of Oxforde was
high Chamberlaine, the erle of Essex carver, the erle of
Sussex sewer, the erle of Arrondel chief butler on whom
xii. citizens of London did geve their attendaunce at the
cupbord. The erle of Darby Cupberer, the Vicount Lysle
Panter,

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Panter, the lorde of Burgayny chiefe larder, the lorde Bray
almoner for hym and his coperteners, and the Maior of
Oxford kept the buttry barre, and Thomas Wiat was
chiefe ewrer for sir Henry Wiat his father. When all
thyng was ready, the Quene under her canapy came to the
halle and washed and satte doune in the middes of the table
under the cloth of estate. On the right side of the chaire
stode the countesse of Oxforde wydowe, and on the left
side stode the countesse of Worcester all the dyner season,
which divers tymes in the dyner tyme did hold a fyne cloth
before the quenes face when she list to spet or do otherwyse
at her pleasure. At the tables ende satte the archebishoppe
of Cauntorbury on the right hande of the quene, and in
the myddest betwene the archebishoppe and the countesse
of Oxforde stode the erle of Oxforde with a white staffe all
diner tyme, and at the quenes feete under the table satte
ii. gentlewomen all dyner tyme. When all these thynges
were thus ordered came in the Duke of Suffolke and the
lorde Wyllyam Haward on horsebacke and the sergeauntes
of armes before them, and after them the Sewer, and then
the knightes of the bath bringyng in the first course whiche
was xxviii. dishes beside subtilties and shippes made of waxe
mervailous gorgious to beholde, al which tyme of service
the trumpettes standing in the wyndow at the netherende
of the halle played melodiously. When her grace was
served of two dishes, then the archebishoppes service was
set doune, whose Sewer came equal with the thirde dishe of
the quenes service on his left hand. After that the quene
and the archebishop was served, the Barons of the portes
began the table on the right hand next the wall, next theim
at the table sat the masters and clerkes of the chauncery,
and beneth them at the table other doctors and gentlemen.
The table next the walle on the left hande by the cupborde
was begon by the Maior and Aldermen the chamberlain
and the counsayll of the citie of London, and beneth them
satte substantial marchauntes, and so douneward other wor-
shipfull persones. At the table on the right hand in the
middes of the halle sat the lorde Chauncelor and other
temporall lordes on the right side of the table, in their
circottes : And on the lefte side of the same table, sat
Bishoppes and Abbottes in their Parliament robes, beneth
them sat the Judges, Serjantes, and the kynges counsaill, beneth

King Henry the VIII. 241

beneth them the knightes of the Bathe. At the table on the
left hande, in the middle part, sat Ducheses, Marqueses,
Countesses, Baronesses, in their robes, and other ladies in
circottes, and gentle women in gounes. Al whiche ladies
and gentie women, sat on the left side of the table a
long, and none on the right side : and when all were thus
set, they were incontinent served and so quickely, that it
was mervaill, for the servitors gave such good attendance,
that meate or drynke ne any thyng els, neded not to be
called for, whiche in so greate a multitude was marvaill.
As touchyng the fare ther could be devised, no more costlier
dishes nor subtilties. The Maior of London was served
with xxxiii. dishes at twoo courses, and so wer all his
brethren, and suche as sat at his table. The Quene had
at her seconde course xxiiii. dishes, and thirtie at the thirde
course : and betwene the twoo last courses, the kynges of
Armes cried Larges, in three partes of the hal : and after
stode in their place, which was in the bekins at the kynges
Benche. And on the right hande, out of the Cloyster of
S. Stephens, was made a lide Closet, in whiche the kyng with
diverse Ambassadors, stoode to behold the service. The
Duke of Suffolke and the lorde Willyam, rode often tymes
aboute the hall, chering the lordes, ladies, and the Maior
and his brethren. After they all had dined, they had
Wafers and Ypocras, and then thei washed, and were
commaunded to rise, and to stande stil in their places,
before the table or on the fourmes till the Quene had
washed : when she had taken Wafers and Ypocrase, the
table was taken up, and the Erie of Rutlande brought
up the surnap, and laied it at the bordes ende, which im-
mediatly was drawen, and cast by Master Rode, Marshal of
the hall : And the Quene washed, and after the Archebishop,
and after the Surnap was drawen of, she arose and stode in
the middes of the Hall place : to whom the Erie of Sussex
in a goodly spice plate, brought a voyde of spice and com-
fettes. After hym the Maior of London brought a standyng
cuppe of golde, set in a cup of assaie of gold, and after that
she had dronke, she gave the Maior the Cuppe with the
Cuppe of assaie, because there was no leyar, accordyng to
the clayme of the citee, thankyng hym and all his brethren,
of their pain. Then she under her Canapie, departed to
her Chamber, and at the entry of her Chamber, she gave the
VOL. 11.

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The
Christenyng
of the lady
Elizabeth.

the Canapy with Belles and all, to the Barons of the Portes,
accordyng to their clayme, with greate thankes. Then the
Maior of London bearyng his Cuppe in his hande, with his
brethren, went through the hal to their barge, and so did
all other noble men and gentlemen, for it was sixe of the
clocks On Mondaye were the Justes at the Tilte, before the
Kynges gate, where the Maior and his brethren had a goodly
standyng : but there wer very fewe speres broken, by reason
the horses would not cope.
On Wednesdaye, the Kyng sent for the Maior and his
brethren to Westminster, and there he hymself gave to theim
hartie thankes, with many goodly wordes.
On Midsomer daie after, the lady Mary the Frenche
Quene died in Suffolke, at the lordship of who
was the late wyfe to Lewes the XII. and after maried to
Charles duke of Suffolk, and was buried at
This season the kyng kepte his progresse aboute London,
because of the Quene.
The vii. day of September beyng Sondaie, betwene thre
and foure of the Clocke at after noone, the Quene was
delivered of a faire Lady, whiche daie the Duke of Suffolke
came home to the christenyng, and for the Quenes good
deliveraunce, Te deum was song in continently, and great
preparacion was made for the christenyng : and the Maior
and his brethren, and xl. of the chief of the citezens, were
commaunded to bee at the Christenyng, the Wednesdaie
folowyng, upon whiche daie the Maior, sir Stephen Pecocke,
in a goune of Crimosin Velvet, with his coller of s.s. and all
the Aldermen in Scarlet, with collers and cheines, and all
the counsaill of the citee with theim, tooke their barge after
diner, at one of the clocke, and the citezens had another
barge, and so rowed to Grenewiche, where were many lordes,
knightes and gentlemen assembled. All the walles betwene
the Kynges place and the Friers, were hanged with Arras,
and all the waye strawed with grene Rushes : the Friers
Church was also hanged with Arras. The Fount was of
silver, and stoode in the middes of the Churche, three steppes
high, whiche was covered with a fine clothe, and diverse
gentlemen with aperns, and towelles about their neckes,
gave attendaunce aboute it, that no filth should come in
the Fount, over it hong a square Canape of crimosin Satten,
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fringed with golde, aboute it was a rayle covered with redde
saye : betwene the quier and the body of the Churche, was
a close place with a panne of fire, to make the child redy in :
when al these thynges wer ordered, the child was brought to
the hall, and then every man set forward : Firste the citezens
two and two, then gentlemen, Esquiers and chapeleins, next
after theim the Aldermen, and the Maior alone : nexte the
Maior, the kynges counsaill, the kynges Chapel in copes :
then Barons, Bishoppes, Erles, then came the Erie of Essex,
bearyng the covered basins gilte, after hym the Marques
of Excester with the taper of virgin ware, next hym the
Marques Dorset, bearyng the salt, behynd hym the lady
Mary of Norffolk, bearyng the creson whiche was very
riche of perle and stone, the old Duches of Norffolke bare
the childe, in a Mantell of purple velvet, with a long train
furred with Ermine. The duke of Norffolke, with his
Marshall rod went on the right hand of the saied duches,
and the duke of Suffolke on the left hande, and before theim
went the officers of armes : the countes of Kent bare the
long train of the childes mantell, and betwene the Countes
of Kent and the child, went therle of Wilshire on the right
hand, and therle of Darby on the left hand, supportyng the
said train : in the middes over the said child was borne a
Canapy, by the lorde Rocheford, the lorde Husey, the lorde
Willyam Haward, and by the lorde Thomas Haward the
elder, after the child folowed many ladies, and gentlewomen,
when the child was come to the churche dore, the bishop of
London met it with diverse bishoppes and Abbottes mitred,
and began the observaunces of the Sacrament. The God
father was the lorde Archebishop of Cantorbury : the God
mothers were the old Duches of Norffolke, and the olde
Marchiones of Dorset widowes, and the childe was named
Elizabeth : and after that al thyng was done, at the churche
dore the child was brought to the Fount, and christened,
and this doen, Garter chief kyng of armes cried a loude,
God of his infinite goodnes, sende prosperous lyfe and long,
to the high and mightie Princes of England Elizabeth : and
then the trumpettes blewe, then the childe was brought up
to the aultar, and the Gospell saied over it : and after that
immediatly the Archebishop of Cantorbury confirmed it,
the Marchiones of Excester beyng Godmother, then the
Archebishop of Cantorbury, gave to the Princes a standyng cup

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Pauyer.

cup of gold : the Duches of Norffolke, gave to her a stand
yng cuppe of golde, fretted with pearle : the Marchiones
of Dorset gave thre gilt boulles, pounced with a cover :
and the Marchiones of Excester, gave thre standing bolles
graven, all gilt with a cover. Then was brought in Wafers,
Comfettes, and Ypocras in suche plentie, that every man
had asmuche, as he would desire. Then they set forwardes,
the trumpettes goyng before in the same ordre, towarde the
kynges place, as they did when they came thether warde,
savyng that the giftes that the Godfather, and the God
mothers gave, wer borne before the child by foure persones,
that is to saye : First sir Jhon Dudley, bare the gift of the
Lady of Excester : the lorde Thomas Haward the younger,
bare the gift of the lady of Dorset : the lorde Fitzwater,
bare the gift of the Lady of Norffolk, and the Erie of
Worcester, bare the gift of the Archebishop of Cantorbury,
and all the one side as thei went, was full of staffe Torches,
to the nomber of five hundred, borne by the garde and
other of the kynges servauntes, and about the child were
borne, many other proper torches borne by gentlemen :
and in this ordre thei brought the princes, to the Quenes
chamber, and the Maior and the Aldermen taried there a
while, and at the last the Dukes of Norffolke and Suffolke,
came out from the Kyng, thankyng them hartely, and said
the kyng commaunded them, to geve them thankes in his
name : and from thence thei wer had to the seller to drynke,
and so went to their Barges.
This yere also one Pauier toune clerke of the citee of
London, hanged himself, which surely was a man, that in
no wise could abide to here that the Gospell should bee in
Englishe, and I my selfe heard hym once saie to me and
other that wer by, swearyng a great othe, that if he thought
the kynges highnes, would set furth the scripture in Englishe,
and let it be red of the people by his aucthoritie, rather then
he would so long live he would cut his awn throte, but he
brake promes, for as you have hard he hanged hymself: but of
what mynde and intent he so did, God judge. About this
season was espied a newe founde Saincte, and holy Hypo
crite called the maide of Kent, whiche by the greate labor,
diligence, and pain takyng of tharchebishop of Cantorbury,
and the lorde Cromewell, and one called Hugh Latimer a
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King Henry the VIII.

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the jugglyng and craftie deceipt of this maide, was mani
fested and brought to light : wherupon after diverse ex
aminations, she with al her adherentes, wer in November
brought to the starre chamber : the names of them all shall
folowe, firste Elizabeth Barton, whiche was she that called
her self the holy maide of Kent, Richard Master priest
person of Aldyngton in the Countie of Kent, Edward Bock-
yng doctor in Divinitie, Monke of Canturbury, Richarde
Deryng Monke also of Cantorbury, Edward Twhaytes
gentleman, Thomas Laurence register to tharchedeacon of
Cantorbury, Henry Gold person of Aldermary bachiler of
Divinitie, Hugh Riche Frier Observaunt, and Richard
Risby, Thomas Gold gentleman. These all beyng in the
starre chamber before diverse of the kynges counsaill, con
fessed their feined hipocrisy, and dissimuled sanctitee, and
treiterous purposes and intentes, and then was there by the
kynges counsaill adjudged, to stand at Paules crosse, wher
thei with their awne handes, should severally deliver eche
of them to the preacher that should bee appoynted, a bill
declaryng their subtile, craftie and superstitious doynges.
Whiche thyng the nexte Sondaie after, they al above
rehersed, standyng on a stage at Paules Crosse, made for
that purpose did accomplishe : but for their treasons com
mitted, the matter therof was respited to the Parliament
nexte folowyng, where al thei abovesaid, with other as after
ye shall here, wer attainted by act of parliament, and suffered
death as traitors, by hanging, drawyng, and quarteryng at
Tyborne. In September the kyng of Scottes, sent his Commissioners
to the toune of Newe Castle, where wer for the kyng of
Englande commissioners, sir Thomas Clifford, and doctor
Magnus, and sir Raufe Elderkare. And first the Scottes with
out any long communicacion, demaunded greate amendes,
saiyng, that the Englishmen had robbed and spoyled theim
to their losse, and that greatly, and saied that the kyng of
England of his honor, must nedes make satisfaction, yf he
would be called honorable. Then it was answered, that
notwithstandyng the leagues, written, sealed and sworne,
the Scottishe nation would never kepe peace in somuch,
while we be here in treatyng, your people are robbyng :
wherfore the kyng demaundeth of you, the goodes and
prisoners taken contrary to the peace, wherof we here
deliver

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The holy
Mayde of
Kent.

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deliver you a writing, which the Scottes received, and at
their next metyng thei saied, that the shippes to them wer
lawfull prises, by reason that therle of Anguishe, was main-
tened in Englande, whiche is rebel to our kyng, and therle
and you have doen to us muche skathe, and we have taken
a few shippes, in recompence of some part of our greate
losses, which we maie not deliver, and therfore we praie you
demaunde theim not : but here wee deliver you our boke,
whiche amounteth to a greater somme by tenne thousande
marke. The Englishe commissioners received the boke,
and in the same the Scottes demaunded recompence for
burning their tounes, and destroiyng many of their strong
Piles, above xxiiii. whiche were destroyed from the xxiiii.
daie of Aprill, in the laste xxiiii. yere of the kyng, to
the xxx. daie of Aprill. The Englishe commissioners
answered, that if the Scottes would send to the kyng of
Englande, thei doubted not, but thei should have a good
answer for the kyng of Englande bad hym chose peace or
warre : so they agreed to sende to bothe their kynges letters
of their doynges, whiche in haste was dooen. And after
muche suite of the Scottes parte, when they had muche
demaunded, and litle or nothyng was graunted, thei then
beyng wery of warre desired peace, whiche was concluded,
duryng bothe the kynges lives, and the twentie daie of
Maie, in the next yere of the kyng folowyng, it was openly
Proclaimed, to the greate comforte and rejoysyng of all
lovers of peace.
The xviii. daie of December, the Duke of Suffolke was
sent by the kyng and his counsaill, to Bugden beside Hunt-
yngdon, where the lady Katheryne Princes Dowager laye.
For the Kyng was advertised, and had good proves of the
same, that she of froward mynde would consent, neither to
the determinacion of the Universities, nor yet to the sen
tence of the whole convocacion of the realme, but beyng
counsailed by a fewe Spaniardes, whiche had litle lernyng,
did all that she could to infringe the determinacion of the
said Universities and clergie. In somuche that she wrote
to the Pope, and to other potentates, to greve the Kyng
and his realme, because he would not folowe her mynd,
and breake the commaundement of God. Wherefore the
Kynges counsayll motioned the kyng, that suche as wer
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for thei thought it no reason, that she should have suche
libertie to woorke that thyng, by the whiche the kyng and
his realme, might have detriment or damage. Wherefore
the saied Duke was sent to her, whiche shewed to her
openly, Articles of her suites to the Pope, and howe she
soughte meanes to greve the Kyng and his Realme, whiche
hereafter she should not bee suffered to dooe. For the same
tyme was a Cursse sent from the Pope, whiche accurssed
bothe the Kyng, and the whole Realme, whiche Cursse the
bearer thereof, beeyng not by like the hardiest manne that
ever shewed hymself in front of battaill, thought it a greate
deale more better for hym to bestowe it without the Kynges
reche, then to adventure to come within his Dominions, and
therefore set it up in the Toune of Dunkercke in Flaunders
where it was taken doune by Wyllyam Locke, Mercer of
London. The Quene answered the Duke very highly and
obstinately, with many high woordes, and sodainly in a fury
she departed from hym, into her privie Chamber and shutte
the doore. He seeyng that, brake all the ordre of the
Quenes Courte, and discharged a great sorte of her hous-
holde servauntes, and yet lefte there a convenient nomber,
to serve her like a Princes. There was greate lamenta
tion emong theim that departed, but there was no remedy.
Then thei that remaigned to serve her, were sworne to serve
her as a Princes Dowager, and not as Quene, some said thei
were sworne to her as Quene, and otherwise thei would not
serve, and so they departed. Other that wer sworne to
serve her as Princes, and remained there, she them utterly
refused for her servauntes, wherfore she remained with the
lesse nomber of servauntes.
The kyng kept his Christmas at Grenewiche, with greate
solempnitee, and after Christmas beganne the Parliament.
In whiche Parliament Elizabeth Barton, the holy Maide of
Kent, with all her adherentes of whom ye have heard before,
was attaynted. And because her offences, wer bothe against
God and the kyng, so greate and wicked, that the like was
never heard nor knowen before, I wyll declare unto you the
processe of her matter, in suche maner as the truthe thereof,
is declared in her attainder, by Acte of Parliament. Firste
the sayed Elizabeth Barton (beeyng a Nonne professed in
the house and Priory of Sainct Sepulcres in Cauntorbury)
whiche long before she was professed Nonne, dwelled with

one

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The Pope
accursed the
Kyng and
Realme.

Willyam Lock Mercer.

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one Thomas Cobbe, in the Parishe of Aldyngton, in the
Countie of Kent, and happened to bee visited with sickenes,
and by occasion thereof, brought in suche debilitie and weake-
nes of her brayne, because she could not eate ne drynke,
by a long space, that in the violence of her infirmitie, she
semed to bee in Traunses, and spake and uttered many
foolishe and Idle woordes. And one Richarde Master,
Clerke, beeyng Persone of the saied Parishe of Aldyngton,
in the sayed Countie of Kent, after that he had made to the
late Archebishoppe of Cauntorbury, a farre and a larger
reporte, concernyng the Hypocrisy, traunses and speaches
of the sayed Elizabeth, then he could justifie and abide by,
and after that he was commaunded by the saied Archebishop,
to geve good attendaunce upon her, if she should fortune to
have any mo suche traunses and speaches, and to sende hym
knowlege thereof, to the intent to mainteigne, uphold and
verefy, suche reporte as he had made, aswell to the Arche
bishoppe aforesaied, as to other, of the wounderfull traunses
and speaches of the saied Nonne, he falsely and craftely
informed the said Elizabeth, that the merveilous wordes
whiche she spake in her traunses, afore his ridyng to the
Archebishop aforsaied, proceded of the inspiration of the
holy ghost, and that she was greatly to be blamed if she
would hide or dissemble the wonderful workes of God shewed
to her : for a fore this his saied information and instruccion,
she saied constantly, that she could not remember, that she
spake any suche notable wordes in her traunses, as were
reported unto her, by the saied Richard Master. Whiche
Elizabeth beeyng in this maner of wise, often tymes per-
swaded, procured and informed, by the saied Persone of
Aldyngton, tooke boldenes and courage to forge, feigne', and
counterfeit suche maner of Traunses, and craftie speaches,
as the saied Persone of Aldyngton told her, that she used
in her sickenes, afore he went to the said Archbishoppe.
And when the saied Elizabeth had used, this false, feigned
counterfeating for a ceason, and was perfecte therein (so
that the fame thereof, was greatly spred abroade, in those
parties) then the saied Person, to the intent aforsaid, and to
the intent the people, should geve more faithe and credite
unto her, and because he would have increased the devotion
of the people, in commyng on pilgrimage to a Chapell, set
in Courte at Strete, within the saied Parishe, dedicate in the
honour

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honour of our Lady, for his awne lucre and avauntage,
imagined, devised, compassed, and declared, with the aide,
helpe, and counsayll of one Edwarde Bockyng Monke, pro
fessed in the Monastery in Christes Churche in Cauntorbury,
and Doctor in Divinitiee, that the saied Elizabeth, being in
the extasy and extremitie of her sickenes, in a maner dis
tract in traunses, should saie emongest other wounderfuU
woordes, that she should never take healthe of her body, till
suche tyme as she had visited the Image of our Lady,
beeyng in the saied Chapell at Courte at Strete afore saied :
and that our Lady had appered unto her, and shewed her,
that yf she came to the saied Chapell, at the daie appoynted,
she should bee restored to her health by Miracle, where in
very deede, she was restored to her perfecte health, by diet
and Phisike, and by the course of nature, whiche expelled
the matter, beyng cause of her sickenes, in the meane tyme
while the said person of Aldyngton, was with the Arche
bishoppe, as is afore rehersed. And albeit the saied Eliza
beth, was restored to her healthe, yet she beeyng accustomed
and acquainted, with the maner and fashion, of her distracte
Traunses, by the counsaydl, conspiracie, and confederacie
of the sayed Edwarde Bockyng, and Richarde Master, dyd
falsely practise, use and shewe unto the people, diverse and
merveilous sondery alterations, of her sensible partes of
her body, craftely utteryng in her saied feigned and false
Traunses, diverse and many verteous and holy woordes,
tendyng to the rebuke of synne, and in reprovyng of suche
newe opinions, as then beganne to spryng in this Realme,
whiche she called Heresyes, as she was induced and taught,
by the saied Edwarde Bockyng and Richarde Master, usyng
all the waies of false Hypocrisy, to the intent the people
should geve belefe and credence unto her, whereby they
might bee the soner brought, into the detestable cry mes
of blasphemie and Idolatrie, agaynste almightie GOD.
And the saied Edwarde Bockyng, beeyng maliciously fixed
in his opinion, agaynste the Kynges highnes, in his detested
Matrimonie with Quene Katheryne, and intendyng in his
mynde, afterwardes for his parte, falsely and Trayterously
to use the sayed Elizabeth, as a Diabolicke instrument, to
stirre, move, and provoke the people of this Realme, aswell
nobles as other, to murmoure and grudge, agaynste the
Majestie of oure Sovereigne Lorde, and all his juste and
Lawfull
vol. 11.

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2 I

25°

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[1533-34]

Lawfull procedynges, in the saied Devorse and seperacion,
as after he did in very deede : for the accomplishyng of his
saied false, malicious and Trayterous intentes, falsely devised
and conspired, with the saied Richarde, that the saied Eliza
beth should shewe and manifest her self, to the people, to
bee an excellent verteous and an holy woman, and that all
her woordes and deedes, should appere to the worlde, to
procede of a marveilous holines, rebukyng the common
synnes and vices of the worlde, as though she were taught
and inspired, of the holy spirite of God. And not onely
moved and counsailed the saied Elizabeth, thus to use her
self, surmittyng to her that she spake suche thynges, in the
extasy of her sickenes, that came by the inspiracion of God,
but also counsayled and procured the saied Elizabeth, to
bee brought and conveighed, to the saied Chapell of oure
Lady, and therein openly in the presence of the people,
(that there should be assembled by their procurementes)
should use and experiment suche like Traunses, and altera
tions of her face, and other the outward sensible partes of
her body, as she used in the extremitie and extasy of her
sickenes. To whose counsailes and advertisementes, the
saied Elizabeth agreed. Whereupon at a daie by them
appoynted and agreed, the saied Edward and Richard,
laboured, solicited, and procured, above the nomber of
twoo thousande persones, to repaire to the saied Chapel,
surmittyng that the saied Elizabeth, whiche as they saied,
had marveilous and many Visions and Revelations of God
should bee broughte thether, and there receive her healthe,
by Miracle of oure Lady, whose Image was in the saied
Chapell. By reason of whiche false, feigned and detestable
conspiracy and Hypocrisy, at the daie by theim appoynted,
there assembled to the saied Chapell, above the nomber
of twoo thousande people. At whiche daie also, the saied
Edwarde Bockyng, and Richarde Master procured, and
caused the saied Elizabeth, to repaire to the saied Chapell,
where the saied Elizabeth, albeit she at that tyme, and long
afore was restored to healthe of her bodie, and discharged
of her tormentes and afflictions, whiche she had in the
extasy of her sickenes : Yet nevertheles by the procure
ment and craftie counsaill of the saied Edwarde Bockyng,
and Richard Master, did falsely feigne and shewe unto the
people in the same Chapell, many alterations of her face, and

King Henry the VIII.

aS1

and other outward sensible partes of her body, and falsely
feigned and shewed her self in Traunces, utteryng wonderous
woordes, as she was before subtelly and craftely induced and
taught, by the sayed Richarde and Edwarde to dooe. And
emongest other thynges she uttered, that it was the pleasure
of God, that the saied Edwarde Bockyng, should bee her
ghostly father, and that she should bee a religious woman,
as she was taught by the saied Edward Bockyng, and Richard
Master. And within a while after demonstration, of suche
false feigned and dissimuled traunces, she appered to the
people, to bee sodainly releved from her sickenes and afflic
tions, by the intercession and meanes of the Image of oure
Lady, beyng in the same Chapell. By meanes of whiche
false feigned Hypocrysy, dissimuled and cloked Sanctitee,
so conspired and craftely imagined by the saied Edwarde
Bockyng, and Richarde Master, the saied Elizabeth was
brought into a merveilous fame, credite and good opinion,
of a greate multitude of the people of this Realme. And to
increase the fame of the said false feigned Hypocrisy, the
said Elizabeth after wardes, by the counsaill and procure
ment, of the saied Edwarde Bockyng entered into Religion,
and became a Nonne, professed in the saied Priory of Sainct
Sepulchers, to whom the saied Edwarde Bockyng, had com
monly his resorte, not without probable, vehement, and
violent suspicion of incontinencye, pretendyng to bee her
Ghostly father, by Goddes appoyntement. And by con
spiracy betwene her and him, caused her still to persist and
abide, in the practisyng of her said false hipocrisy, and
dissimulyng traunces and raptes. And that she should
surmit to the people, that when she was in suche simuled
alteration, of her sensible partes of her body, that she was
then rapt by almightie God, from thaffeccions of this worlde,
and tolde by the holy spirite of God, many thynges that
should folowe to the worlde, for punishement of the synnes
of the princes and the people. And that she should also
say that she was muche provoked and tempted, aswel to the
synne of the fleshe as otherwise, by her ghostly enemye the
devill, at diverse and sondry tymes, and in diverse and
sondery waies and fashions. And yet never theles that she
by the grace of almightie God was preserved, and stedfastly
resisted suche temptacion. By occasion of which counsaill
and procurement, of the said Edward Bockyng, the said
Elizabeth

THE xxv.
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2S2

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THE XXV.
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[1533-34]

Elizabeth by continuaunce of tyme, toke suche a courage
upon her, that she falsely feined and saied, that she had
many revelations, of almightie God and his holy sainctes,
with hevenly sightes, hevenly voyces, hevenly melodies and
joyes, and specially in a chapell of S. Giles, in the said
Nonnery to the whiche chapell she often tymes resorted, to
receive visions and revelations, as commaunded by God, as
she falsely reported, and specially by night, saiyng, that the
Dorture doore was made open to her by Goddes power,
utteryng the same, aswell to the saied Edward Bockyng, as
to diverse other persones. By the whiche her false feined
revelations, and cloked hipocrisy, she was reputed emongest
many people of this realme, to be a very holy woman,
inspired with God, where in very deede, she never had
vision or revelation from God, as she hath plainly and
openly, confessed her self. And therefore her stealyng
furthe of the Dorture in the nighte, whiche was not once
or twise wekely, was not for spirituall busines, nor to receive
revelations of God, but rather for bodely communicacion
and pleasure with her frendes, which could not have so good
leasure and oportunite with her by day. And for ratifica
tion of her false feined revelations, the said Edward by
conspiracy, betwene him and the said Elizabeth, reveled the
same to the most reverend father, Willyam late Archebishop
of Cantorbury, who by false and untrue surmises, tales and
lies of the said Edward and Elizabeth, was allured, brought
and induced to credite theim, and made no deligent serches,
for the triall of their saied falsehodes, and confederacions,
but suffered and admitted the same, to the blasphemie of
almightie god, and to the great deceit of the prince, and
people of this realme. And for a perpetuall memory of the
said feined and dissimuled hipocrisy, and false revelations of
the saied Elizabeth, the saied Edward Bockyng, Richard
Master, and one Jhon Deryng, a Monke in the said Mon
astery of Christes churche a forsayed, made, writ and caused
to be writen, sondery bokes bothe greate and small, bothe
printed and written, concernyng the perticularities of the
saied false and feined hipocrisy, and revelations of the said
Elizabeth, or the defence or great praise of the same :
surmittyng and puttyng furth the same false and feined
practises, and revelacions of the said Elizabeth, to be just
and true miracles, shewed by almightie God, in the favor of
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the sanctitee of the said Elizabeth, where in dede thei been
and wer falsely devised, compassed, conspired, writen and
mainteined by the said Elizabeth Barton, Edward Bockyng,
Richard Master, and Jhon Deryng, to thonly intent to bryng
the said Elizabeth, in the fame and credite of the people of
this realme, wherby the people should the more bee apt and
disposed, by her false cloked hipocrisy and sanctitee, to
commit the crimes of blasphemy, and ydolatrie agaynst God,
and also the soner induced, by the false revelacions of the
saied Elizabeth to murmor, and grudge, and be of evill
opinion, agaynst the Majestie of our sovereigne lorde to
the great peril and daunger of his moste royal person.
And one Edward Thwaites gendeman, translated and wrote
diverse quaiers, and shetes of paper, concernyng the sayd
false feined revelacions, of the saied Elizabeth. Also one
Thomas Laurence of Cantorbury, beyng regester to tharche-
bishop of Cantorbury, at thinstance and desire of the said
Edward Bockyng, wrote a greate boke of the saied false and
feined miracles, and revelacions of the said Elizabeth in a
faire hand, redy to bee a copie to the printer, when the saied
boke should be put to stampe.
Emonges whiche false and feined revelacions, surmised by
the sayed Elizabeth, and put in writynges in diverse bokes,
by the false conspiracie meanes and procurement of the saied
Edward Bockyng, Richard Master, Jhon Deryng, and other
their complices, there is expressed that the devill should
appere, to the saied Elizabeth in diverse fashions, some-
tymes like a man wantonly appareiled, sometyme like a
birde deformed, and sometyme otherwise. And that Mary
Magdalene, should often apere to the saied Elizabeth, and
revele to her many revelacions. And at one tyme should
deliver unto her, a letter written in heven, part wherof was
limmed with golden letters, where in deede the same letters
were written with the hande of a Monke of sainct Augustines
in Cantorbury named Hawkhurst.
There was also written and conteined, emongest the said
false and feined miracles and revelacions, that when the
kinges highnes was at Calice in thentervewe, betwene his
majestie and the Frenche kyng, and heryng Masse in the
Churche of our Lady at Calice, that God was so displeased
with the kynges highnes, that his grace sawe not at the
Masse the blessed Sacrament in fourme of bread : for it
was

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was taken awaie from the priest (beyng at Masse) by an
Angell, and ministered unto the said Elizabeth, then beyng
there present and invisible, and sodainly conveighed and rapt
thence again, by the power of God into the saied Nonnery,
where she is professed, with many other false feined fables
and tales devised, conspired and defended by the said Eliza
beth, Edward Bockyng and Jhon Deryng, written as miracles
in the said bokes for a memorial, to set furth the false and
feined hypocrisy, and cloked sanctitee of the said Elizabeth,
to the people of this realme, as by the sayed sondery bokes
and wrytinges therof made, seen and examined by the kynges
moste honorable counsaill more plainly apereth : in which
bokes be written such termes and sentences of reproch and
slaunder, agaynst the kynges highnes and the quene, which
wer to shameful to be written against the most vile and
ungracious persons livyng, whiche to here, would abhorre
every true subject of this realme.
And after the said Elizabeth by suche her false and feined
hipocrisy, and dissimuled sanctitee, was brought in a great
brute and fame of the people, in sondry parties of this
realme, then the said Edward Bockyng by procurement and
secret conspiracy, of diverse persones unknowen, whiche
maligned agaynst the kynges procedynges, for the seperacion
and devorse in the saied detested and unlawfull mariage,
traiterously intendyng to put the kynges highnes in a
murmor, and evil opinion of his people, for the same,
counsailed and stirred the said Elizabeth, that she should
aske a peticion of almightie God, to knowe whether God
was displeased with the kynges highnes for procedyng in
the said devorce and seperacion of the mariage betwene his
highnes, and the said lady Katherin, declaryng to her many
tymes, that he and diverse other learned men of this realme,
and many of the common people of the same, were in firme
opinions that the kynges procedyng in the saied devorce,
was agaynst the lawes of God. Wherupon the said Eliza
beth subtelly and craftely, concerning the opinion and mynd
of the saied Edward, willyng to please hym, reveled and
shewed unto the saied Edward, that she had knowlege by
revelacion from God, that God was highly displeased with
our sovereigne lorde, for the same matter. And in case he
desisted not from his procedinges, in the said devorse and
seperacion, but pursued the same and maried agayn, that
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then within one moneth of suche mariage, he should no
lenger be kyng of this realme : and in the reputation of
almightie God, should not be a kyng one daie, nor one
houre : and that he should dye a villeines death : saiyng
farther, that there was a roote with iii. braunches, and til
they wer plucked up, it should never be mery in England :
interpreting the roote to be the late lord Cardinal, and the
first braunche to be the kyng our sovereigne lorde, the
second the duke of Norffolke, and the iii. the duke of
Suffolk. Whiche false feined revelacions, by the mischevous
and malicious counsaill and conspiracie of the said Edward
Bocking, with the said Elizabeth, wer written and expressed,
in the saied bokes and volumes, conteignyng the false and
feined revelacions and Miracles, of the sayed Elizabeth, for
a perpetuall memory thereof, to the utter reproche and perell
of destruction of the Kynges persone, his honor, fame and
name : and prively and secretly, set furthe by the saied
Elizabeth Edward Bockyng, Jhon Deryng, and Richarde
Master generally to diverse and many of the kynges sub
jectes, and specially as to electe persones, to Jhon Bishoppe
of Rochester, and Jhon Adeson clerke, chapelain to the
saied bishop, and to one Henry Gold priest, bacheler of
Divinitee, to Hugh Riche Frier Observaunt, and late War
dein of the Friers Observauntes of Cantorbury, whiche beare
malice and malignitie, to all the kynges procedynges, in the
saied devorse and seperacion, because it was contrary to
their perverse and froward opinions, entendyng by colour
of the sayed false and feined hypocrisy, and revelacions
of the saied Elizabeth, not onely to let the saied devorse
and seperacion, but also to bring and set furth secretly, in
the heddes of the people in this realme, aswel nobles as
other, that al the kynges actes and procedyngs in the same,
were agaynst holy scriptures, and the pleasure of almightie
God : wherby the kynges highnes should be brought in a
grudge, and evill opinion of his people. And the saied
Jhon Bishoppe of Rochester, Henry Gold, Hugh Riche,
Richard Risby, Richard Master, Jhon Deryng, at sondery
and severall tymes and places, spake with the said Eliza
beth, and toke relacion of her, of the saied false and feined
revelacions, whiche she feined that she had of almightie
God, aswell concernyng the kynges highnes as other, after
the fourme and termes above specified. And havyng know ledge

the xxv.
YERE
[1533-34]

256

King Henry the VIII.

THE XXV.
YERE
[1533-34]

ledge therof, the saied Hugh Riche, Richard Risby, and
Henry Golde clercke, gave suche firme and constant credite
thereunto, that thei Trayterously conceled it from the kynges
highnes, and trayterously beleved in their hartes, that the
Kyng our sovereigne Lorde, after the late mariage solemp-
nized, betwene his highnes, and his moste dere and entierly
beloved wife Quene Anne, was no lenger rightfull kyng of
this realme, in the reputacion of almightie God, whereby in
their hartes and willes, thei trayterously withdrewe from his
highnes, their naturall dueties of obedience : and secretly
taught and moved other persones (to whom thei reveled the
said false and feined revelacions) that thei ought and might
lawfully doo in the same wise : and practised the saied
matters, against the kynges Majestie, falsely, maliciously,
and traiterously, at sondery places and tymes, with the
fathers, and Nonnes of Syon, and diverse Monkes of the
Charter house of London and Shene, and with diverse
Freers Observauntes, the places of Richemont, Grenewiche,
and Cauntorbury, and to diverse other, bothe spirituall and
temporall persones in greate nomber, to the intent to sowe
a secret murmor and grudge, in the hartes of the Kynges
subjectes, against the Majestie of our sovereigne lorde, and
all his procedynges, in the saied divorse and seperacion, in-
tendyng therby to make suche a division and rebelling in
this realme, emongest the kynges subjectes, whereby the
kynges highnes, should not onely have been put to peril of
his life, but al so in jeoperdy to be deprived from his croune
and dignitie royall.
And for a more playne and particuler declaracion of
the malicious and trayterous intentes of the sayd Elizabeth,
Edward Bockyng, Jhon Deryng, Hugh Ryche, Rychard
Rysby, and Henry Golde, thei concluded by a confederacy
among them selfes eche with other, to set forth in sermons
and prechinges the sayd revelacions to the people of thys
realme against the kinges Majestie, whensoever it should
please the said Elizabeth to appoint them the tyme when
they should so do, and agreed ech with other secretely, and
set forth the sayde false and fayned revelacions to their
acquaintaunce and frendes in this realme, intendinge to make
a great multitude of people of this realme, by their secret
conspiracies in an aptnes to receyve and take such their
sermons and preachinges which they entended to make, as is
aforsayd,

King Henry the VIII.

257

aforsayd, concerninge the premisses, trayterously intend
ing therby to put our sayd soveraigne lord, not only in
peril of hys life, but also in jeopardye of losse and depriva
tion of hys croune and dignitie royal of this realme, from
him and his lawfull succession for ever. And in accom
plishyng their false, trayterous and malicious intentes against
our sayd soveraygne lorde, they caused the said Elizabeth, at
ii. tymes, secretly to declare the said false and fayned reve
lacions to ii. of the Popes Orators and ambassadors at the cities
of Cauntorbury and London. At which tyme the sayde Henry
Golde toke upon hym to be interpretor therof, betwene the
said Elyzabeth, and the said Orators named Anthony Pulleon :
and the interpretor to the other Orator named Sylvester,
was the forsayd Lawrence of Cauntorbury, to thentent
the kynges highnes, and al his procedinges in the said
devorce and separation should be brought into an evill
opinion wyth the Pope and other princes and Potentates.
And the sayd Hugh Rych actually travayled to sondry
places of this realme, and made secrete relation of the
premisses concernynge the kinges hyghnes to divers lordes
bothe spiritual and temporal, and divers other persones lay
and learned, seculer and relygyous. And the said Henry
Gold over this, actually travayled and made relation therof
to the sayd lady Katherin princes dowager, to animate her
to make commotion in this realme againste our sayd sove
raygne lorde, surmitting that the sayd Elizabeth shuld have
by revelation of God, that the sayd lady Katherin should
prospere and do wel, and that her issue the lady Mary the
kynges doughter should prosper and reygne in this realme
and have many frendes to sustaine and maintayne her. And
the sayd Elizabeth and Edward Bockynge, Jhon Deryng and
Richard Maister likewise actually travailed to divers places
in this realme and made secrete relation of the sayd false
fayned hipocrisie and revelacions of the sayd Elizabeth and
gave knowlege hereof to dyvers other sondry persones of
this realme.
Al whiche conspiracies and confederacies of the sayde
Elizabeth, and other her complices above mentioned, was
traiterously and maliciously devysed and practised by the
sayd Elizabeth, Edward Bockyng, Jhon Deryng, Richard
Maister, Henry Golde, Hugh Rych, and Rycharde Rysby
to the entent trayterously to destroy our sayd soveraigne lord,

THE XXV.
YERE
[1533-34]

The kynge
first named
supreme hed.

VOL. II.

2 K

258 King Henry the VIII.

THE XXV.
YERE
[1533-34]

lord, and to deprive him and his lawfull succession from
the croune and dignitie royall of this realme, which matter
had bene practysed and imagined amongest them for the
space of many yeres : wherof the whole circumstaunce
were very long to be wrytten in this acte. And the sayde
Jhon Fysher bishop of Rochester and one Thomas Gold
gentleman, and the sayd Thomas Laurence, Edward
Thwaytes, and Jhon Adson chapelein to the sayd Jhon
bishop of Rochester, havyng knowledge of the false fayned
and dissimuled revelacions, traiterously conspired against
our sayd soveraygne lorde (as is aforsayd) did neverthelesse
make concelement therof, and uttered not the same to our
sayd sovereygne lord nor any his honorable counsayl,
agaynste their duties arid allegeaunce in that behalfe.
And furthermore, the sayd Thomas Gold, for the accom-
plishement of hys most trayterous intent, hath of late bene
a messenger from the saide Elizabeth, sithen she was inwarde
the Tower of London for the sayde most false and trayterous
offences by her and her said complyces committed and done,
he then beyng at libertie, by hys message hathe comforted
diverse others to stande styfly by her revelacyons, that thei
wer of God : notwithstanding that she had confessed al her
said falshed before divers of the kynges counsaylors, and
that they were manifestly proved, found, and tryed moste
false and untrue : which thing he dyd onlye to raise and
put sedicion and murmur in the people agaynst the kinges
highnes, his croune and dignitie royal. And one Thomas
Abel clerke beyng of the confederacy aforesayd, and taking
such firme and constant credite to the sayd false and fained
revelacions and miracles of the sayd Nonne, not onely caused
to be Printed and set forth in this realme divers bookes
agaynst the sayd devorce and separacyon to the disslaunder
of our sayd soveraygne lord, but also animated the sayd
lady Katherine obstinately to persist in her wilful opinion
against the same devorce and separation : and after the
sayd devorce lawfully had, to usurpe and take upon her styll
to be Quene, alnd procured diverse writinges to be made by
her, by the name of Quene : and also procured and abetted
the servauntes of the sayd Lady Katheryne against the kynges
expresse commaundement and proclamation, to name, call,
accept and repute the said lady Katherine for quene of this
realme to the entent to make a common division and rebellion

in

King Henry the VIII.

259

in this realme to the great peryl and daunger of our sayd
sovereigne lorde.
Thus much have I recited unto you out of the acte as it
is there expressed worde for worde : now after foloweth the
maner of her attainder and of the other as in the acte more
at large doth appere. But to conclude the xxi. day of Aprill
next folowyng she wyth other wer drawen to Tiborne and
there executed as most justly they had deserved as you may
perceyve by the premisses.
And at the place of execution, and the present tyme that
she suffered she sayd these wordes, ' Hether am I come to
' dye, and I have not been the onely cause of myne owne
' death whiche moste justly I have deserved, but also I am
' the cause of the death of all these persones whiche at this
' time here suffre: and yet to say the trueth, I am not somuche
' to be blamed consideryng it was well knowen unto these
' lerned men that I was a poore wenche without learnyng and
' therefore thei might have easely perceived that the thinges
c that were done by me could not procede in no such sorte,
' but their capacities and learnynge coulde right well judge
' from whence they proceded, and that they wer altogether
' fayned : but because the thynges which I fayned was pro-
' ffitable unto them, therfore they muche praised me and bare
' me in hande that it was the holy ghost and not I that dyd
' theim, and then I beyng puft up with their praises fell
' into a certain pryde and folishe phantasie with my selfe
' and thought I might fayne what I would, which thing
' hath brought me to this case, and for the which now I
' cry God and the kynges highnes most heartely mercy, and
' desire all you good people to pray to God to have mercy
' on me and on all them that here suffre with me.'
In this parliament also was made the act of succession
for the suertie of the croune, to the whiche every persone
beyng of lawfull age should be sworne upon the payne
expressed in that acte, as in the same ye may moste evidently
see. Monday the xxiii. day of Marche in the Parliament
time, were solempnely received into London as ambas
sadors from James the v. king of Scottes, the bishop of
Aberdyne, the Abbot of Kynlos and Adam Otterborne the
kynges Atturney, with divers gentlemen on them attendant
whiche were brought to the Taylers hal and there lodged. And

THE xxv.
YERE
[1533-34]

The wordes
of Elizabeth
Barton
otherwisecalled the
holye mayde
of Kente at
her death.

260 King Henry the VIII.

THE XXV.
YERE
[1533-34]

Wolfes wife.

And on the day of the Annunciation of our Lady they
were brought to the kynges place at Westminster, where
they shewed their commission and message, for the which
the kyng appointed them dayes to counsaill. And shortly
after commissioners were appointed as you shall heare.
Duryng the Parliament tyme, every sonday preached at
Paules crosse a bishop, whiche declared the Pope not to be
the head of the Churche.
The xxx. day of Marche the Parliament was proroged,
and there every lorde and burges and all other, were sworne
to the acte of succession, and subscribed their handes to a
Parchement fixed to the same othe. This Parliament was
proroged till the third day of November next. After this,
commissions were sent over all England to take the othe of
all men and women to the act of succession, at whiche fewe
repyned, except doctor Jhon Fysher, sir Thomas Moore
knight late lorde Chauncelor, and doctor Nicholas Wylson
parson of sainct Thomas Apostles in London : wherfore
these thre persones, after long exhortation to them made by
the bishop of Cauntorbury at Lambeth, and expresse denyall
of them to be sworne, they were sent to the Tower where
thei remayned and were oftentymes motioned to be sworne :
but the Bishoppe and sir Thomas More sayd that thei had
in their writynges written the princes dowager Quene, and
therfore they might riot go against that, and the doctor sayd
that he in preachyng called her quene, which he would not
withsay, howbeit at length he was very wel contented, and
dissembled the matter and so escaped : But the other twayne
stode against all the realme in their opinion.
In this yere it chaunced that two marchaunt straungers
fell in love with a harlot whiche was called Wolfes wyfe, and
this harlot had often haunted the straungers chambers. And
so one tyme the same harlot appoynted these straungers to
come to Westminster, and she had prepared for them a bote,
in the whiche bote was but one manne to rowe whyche was
a strong thefe, and in the ende of the boate laye Wolfe her
husband covered with a lether that botemen use to cover
their Cusshyns with, and so these straungers satte them
doune mistrustyng nothyng, and when this boteman had
brought theim as farre as a place that is called the Turnyng
tree, sodainly stepped up the sayd Wolfe and wyth his
dagger thrust the one of theim thorow, the other cryed out to

King Henry the VIII.

261

to save hys lyfe and offred a great somme of money to
the boteman and him to save his lyfe, but no proferres
woulde be heard, nor mercy woulde they extende, but as
crull murderers without pitie slewe the other also and bound
theim face to face and so threw them into the Thames in the
foresayed place, where they were longe after before they were
found. But immediady the harlot Wolfes wyfe went to
the straungers chambers and toke from thence so muche as
she coulde come by. And at the laste she and her husbande
as they deserved, were apprehended, arraigned and hanged
at the foresayed turnynge tree, where she hanged still and
was not cut doune, untyll suche tyme as it was knowen
that beastly and filthy wretches had moste shamefully abused
her beynge dead.

THE XXVI. YERE.
THE nynth day of July was the lord Dacres of the
North arreigned at Westminster of high treason,
wher the duke of Norffolke sat as judge and high
Steward of England. The sayd lorde Dacres beyng brought
to the barre with the axe of the Tower before him : after
his inditement red, not only improved the sayd inditement
as false and maliciously devised against hym and answered
every part and matter therin contained, but also so manly,
wittily, and directly confuted his accusors whiche there were
ready to avouche their accusations, that to their great shames,
and to his great honor, he was found that day by his peres
not giltie, which undoubtedly the commons excedyngly
joyed and rejoysed of, in so muche as there was in the hall
at those woordes, not giltie, the greatest shoute and crye of
joy that the like no man livyng may remembre that ever he
heard. The xiiii. day of July one Jhon Frith beyng very well
learned and had an excellent goodly witte, was brought out
of the Tower wher he had been long, and was there im
prisoned for makynge of a booke agaynst Purgatory : but
in the meane whyle that he was there, he was required by
one who heartely loved him and had a very good opinion in
him, to declare to him his faith and opinion in the Sacra
ment of the body and bloud of Christ, and that he would put

THE XXV.
YERE
[1533-34]

The Lorde
Dacres of
the North.

Jhon Frith.

262

King Henry the VIII.

THE XXVI.
YERE
[1534-35]

put the same in writyng, whiche thyng he dyd. But after
it chaunced that the same persone which had this writynge
of Jhon Frith was acquainted with a Taylor in London called
Wyllyam Holt, whiche outwardely professed muche honestye,
but inwardly was a verye spye and a very betrayer of as many
menne as he might bring in daungier. This Holt required
after he had seen it, to have this writing, and he had it, and
forth with he presented it to sir Thomas More then lorde
Chauncelor, and he immediady made answere to the same
in writyng, which also by the meanes of the sayd Holt, came
to the -handes of Jhon Frith. Jhon Frith then perceivyng that
the thing that he was so loth to write or meddle in (for it
was a matter that none could get him to talke of, savyng
suche that he as much trusted as hym selfe) was nowe so
farrespred abroade that it was answered unto, after he had
not a litle rebuked the negligence and folye of his frende
whom he trusted, stoode to the defence of his first treatise,
and made a farther declaration of his mynde upon the same
matter as appereth in a booke whiche beareth his name. For
the which opinion with other he was after divers and sondry,
examinacions (aswell at Lambeth with the Bishop of Cauntor
bury as also at Croydon, and likewyse with the bishoppe of
Wynchester) brought unto the Consistory in Paules Churche
in London before divers bishoppes, where after muche dis
putyng, for that he would not yelde nor submit himselfe to
theim, they condempned him and delivered hym to the seculer
power to be brent as an heretike.
At the same time was one Andrew Hewet a very simple
and utterly unlerned yong man a Taylor, which was also
betrayed by the foresayd Holt : This yonge man beyng
in lyke maner accused in the Consistory before the sayd
bishoppes for holding opinion agaynst the Sacrament. One
of the bishoppes asked him how he beleved in the Sacra
ment ? he answered, he beleved therin as Master Frith did :
why sayd they, doest thou not beleve that it is the very body
of Christ really fleshe and bloud even as he was borne of the
virgyn Mary ? No sayed he, why so sayed the Byshop ?
because sayd he, that Christe byd me that I should not
beleve them that say here is Christ and there is Christe, for
false Christes and false prophetes shall arise to deceive you
sayth Christ. Then certayn of the byshoppes smyled, and
Doctor Stokesley then Byshop of London sayd : Frith is an
heretike

King Henry the VIII.

263

heretike and is condempned and delivered to the temporal
power to be brent, yf thou wilt not submit thy selfe and
acknowlege thyne errour, thou shalt likewyse be condempned
and delivered. I am content sayd he. Wilt thou not abjure
thyne heresie quoth the bishop ? No sayd he, for I wyll do
as Mayster Frith doth. Then we will condempne thee sayd
the Bysshop : do so sayd he. And so they pronounced sen
tence on him, and delivered hym to the Shiriffes : and from
thence they were sent to Newgate where they remayned tyll
the xxii. day of July, and that daye were both brent at one
stake in Smythfelde. Where at the same tyme one doctor
Cooke which was person of Hony Lane, and one that was the
Master of the Temple, willed the people to pray no more
for them then they would pray for dogges, at whiche un
charitable wordes Frith smyled and prayed God to forgeve
them, and the people sore grudged at them for so saiynge.
The xiiii. day of August was a great fyer at Temple barre
and divers houses brent. And the xvi. daye of the same
moneth was burned the kynges stable at Charyng crosse
otherwyse called the Mowse, wherin was brent many great
Horses and great store of haye.
In this yere the third day of November the kinges highnes
helde his high court of Parliament, in the whiche was con
cluded and made many and sondry good, wholsome, and
godly statutes : but among al one, special estatute, which
aucthorised the kynges highnes to be supreme head of the
Churche of England, by the which the Pope with all his
College of Cardinalles with all their Pardons and Indulgences
was utterly abholished out of this realme, God be everlastyngly
praysed therefore. In this Parliament also was geven to the
kynges highnes the fyrste frutes and tenthes of all dignities
and spirituall promocions. And in the ende of the same
Parliament the kynges Majestie mooste graciouslye graunted
(and wylled it by the same Parliament to be established) hys
moste gracious and generall free pardon.
Thys yere also came in the great Admyrall of Fraunce :
whiche Admyrall was honorably received, and at hys departyng
was lyberally rewarded.
In this tyme dyed the Erie of Kyldare prisoner in the
Tower. And even at the same tyme Thomas Fitzgarard
his sonne began to rebell against the kynge and tooke all
the kynges Ordinaunce, and sent Ambassadors to the
Emperor

the xxvi.
YERE
[1534-35]

The Pope
abholished.

264 King Henry the VIII.

THE XXVI.
YERE
[1534-35]

Jhon Fisher
bishop of
Rochester.

Emperor to have intreated him to take part with him.
Also he slewe the byshop of Develyn and brent and robbed
all suche as would not obeye hym : But at the last he was
apprehended and had as he deserved as after shall appeare.

THE XXVII. YERE.
IN the beginnynge of this yere the Duke of Norffolke and
the Byshop of Ely went to Caleys, and thether came
the Admyral of Fraunce. And the xix. day of June
was thre Monkes of the Charterhouse hanged, drawen, and
quartred at Tyborne and their quarters set up about London
for deniyng the kyng to be supreme head of the Churche.
Their names were Exmewe, Myddlemore, and Nudigate.
These men when they were arreigned at Westminster, be
haved them selfes very stifly and stubbornly, for hearyng
their . inditement red how trayterously they had spoken
against the kynges Majestie his croune and dignitye, they
neyther blushed nor bashed at it, but very folishly and
hipocritically knowleged their treason whiche maliciously
they avouched, havynge no lernyng for their defence, but
rather beyng asked dyvers questions, they used a malicious
silence, thinkyng as by their examinacions after warde in the
Tower of London it dyd appeare, for so they sayed, that
they thought those men whiche was the Lorde Crumwell
and other that there satte upon them in judgement to be
heretiques and not of the Churche of God, and therfore
not worthy to be either aunswered or spoken unto. And
therfore as they deserved, they received as you have heard
before. Also the xxii. day of the same moneth Jhon Fysher
bishop of Rochester was beheaded, and his head set upon
London bridge. This bishop was of very many menne
lamented, for he was reported to be a man of great learn-
yng, and a man of very good life, but therin wonderfully
deceived, for he maintained the Pope to be supreme head
of the Church, and very maliciously refused the kynges title
of supreme head. It was sayd that the Pope, for that he
helde so manfully with him and stoode so stifly in his cause,
did elect him a Cardinal, and sent the Cardinalles hat as
farre as Caleys, but the head it should have stande on, was as

King Henry the VIII.

265

as high as London bridge or ever the hat could come to
Bishop Fysher, and then it was to late, and therfore he
neither ware it nor enjoyed his office. This man as I sayd
was accoumpted learned, yea, and that very notably learned,
and yet have you heard howe he was deceived with Elizabeth
Barton that called herself the holy mayd of Kent, and no
doubt so was he in the defence of that usurped authoritie,
the more pitie : wonderful it is that a man beyng lerned
should be so blind in the scriptures of God that proveth the
supreme aucthoritie of princes so manyfestly. Also the
vi. day of Julye was sir Thomas More beheaded for the like
treason before rehersed, which as you have heard was for the
deniyng of the kynges Majesties supremitie. This manne
was also coumpted learned, and as you have heard before he
was lorde Chauncelor of England, and in that tyme a great
persecutor of suche as detested the supremacy of the byshop
of Rome, whiche he himselfe so highly favored that he stoode
to it till he was brought to the Skaffolde on the Tower hyll
where on a blocke his head was striken from his shoulders
and had no more harme. I cannot tell whether I shoulde
call him a foolishe wyseman, or a wise foolishman, for un
doubtedly he beside his learnyng, had a great witte, but it
was so myngled with tauntyng and mockyng, that it semed
to them that best knew him, that he thought nothing to be
wel spoken except he had ministred some mocke in the com
municacion, insomuche as at his commyng to the Tower,
one of the officers demaunded his upper garment for his
fee, meanyng his goune, and he answered, he should have
it, and tooke him his cappe, saiyng it was the uppermoste
garment that he had. Lykewise, even goyng to his death
at the Tower gate, a poore woman called unto him and
besought him to declare that he had certaine evidences of
hers in the tyme that he was in office (which after he was
apprehended she could not come by) and that he would
intreate she might have them agayn, or els she was undone.
He answered, good woman have patience a litle while, for
the kyng is good unto me that even within thys halfe houre
he wyll discharge me of all busynesses, and helpe thee hym
selfe. Also when he went up the stayer on the Skaffold, he
desired one of the Shiriffes officers to geve him his hand to
helpe him up, and sayed, when I come doune againe, let me
shift for my selfe aswell as I can. Also the hangman kneled doune
vol. 11.

THE XXVII.
YERE
[1535-36]

sir Thomas
Moore,
behedded.

2 L

,66

King Henry the VIII.

THE XXVII.
YERE
[1535-36]

Quene Anne
brought a
bed before
her tyme.
Wyllyam
Tyndall.

doune to him askynge him forgevenes of his death (as the
maner is) to whom he sayed I forgeve thee, but I promise
thee that thou shalt never have honestie of the strykyng of
my head, my necke is so short. Also even when he should
lay doune his head on the block, he havyng a great gray
beard, striked out his beard and sayd to the hangman, I pray
you let me lay my beard over the block least ye should cut
it, thus wyth a mocke he ended hys lyfe.
This yere in the tyme that the kyng went his progresse,
which was to Gloucester and so Westward, the kyng of
Scottes was installed at Wynsore by the lorde Erskyn his
Procurator. And in October folowyng Stephyn Gardiner
bishop of Winchester was sent Ambassador into Fraunce
where he remained thre yeres after.
In November was a solempne procession through the
citie of London of all the priestes and religious in and
about the citie for the recoveryng of the French kyng
to his health. And the viii. day of January folowyng
dyed the princes dowager at Kymbalton and was buried
at Peterborough. Quene Anne ware yelowe for the
mournyng. And in February folowyng was quene Anne brought
a bedde of a childe before her tyme, which was borne dead.
This yere in the moneth of September Wyllyam Tyndale
otherwyse called Hichyns was by the crueltie of the clergie
of Louayn condempned and burned in a toune besyde
Bruxelles in Brabande called Vylford. This man trans
lated the New testament into Englishe and fyrst put it in
Prynt, and likewise he translated the v. bookes of Moyses,
Josua, Judicum, Ruth, the bookes of the Kynges and the
bookes of Paralipomenon, Nehemias or the fyrst of Eldras,
the Prophet Jonas, and nomore of the holy scripture. He
made also divers treatises, which of many were well lyked
and highly praysed, and of many utterly dispised and
abhorred, and especially of the moste parte of the bishoppes
of this realme, who often by their great labours caused
Proclamacions to be made against his bookes, and gatte
them condempned and brent, aswell the Newe testament
as other woorkes of his doynges. Suche as best knewe
him reported him to be a very sobre man, borne upon the
borders of Wales, and brought up in the Universitie of
Oxforde, and in lyfe and conversation unreprovable : and at

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267

at the laste beynge in Oxford Luther then settyng foorth
certaine woorkes against the Byshop of Rome, Tyndale
occasioned by theim to searche the scriptures whether
Luther sayd the truth or no, did therby not onely himselfe
attaine the knowledge of the usurped aucthoritie of the
bishop of Rome and hys superstitious and dampnable
doctrynes that he had taught and published through all
Christendome, but also lamentynge the ignoraunt state that
his native countrey of England was in, who altogether wer
wrapped in errours thought it hys dutie, for that God hadde
reveled the light of his Gospell to him, to bestowe hys talent
to the honour of God and proffite of hys countrey, and
thought no waye so good to reduce the people from their
errour as fyrste to make theim acquaynted with Goddes
woorde, that they myght knowe what Goddes will was that
we should do, and what the bishoppe of Rome sayed that
we muste do : and therefore fyrste as is aforesayed : he
translated into Englishe the Newe Testament, a woorke no
doubt very notable and to hym verye paynefull, for that he
was forced to flye his owne natyve countrey, and to lyve
in a straunge lande amonge people that as well varyed
from his maners, as the persones to hym were unknowen.
Amongest whom after greate paynes by hym taken, and
manye and dyvers treatises by hym published, he was at
Antwarpe this yere by one Philippes an Englisheman and
then a scholar at Louayn, betrayed and taken, and as many
sayed, not without the helpe and procurement of some
byshoppes of this realme : but true it is, that after he had
been in prison more then a yere and almost forgotten, he
was labored for by letters written by the lorde Cromwell,
and then in all hast because he would recant no part of his
doynges, was burned as you have heard before. But yet
this report dyd the Procurator generall there (which we
call here the Livetenaunt) make of hym, that he was, Homo
doctus, pius et bonus, that is to say, learned, godly, and
good. The fowerth day of February the kyng held his high
court of Parliament at Westminster, in the whiche was
many good and wholsome statutes and lawes made and con
cluded. And in this tyme was geven unto the kyng by the
consent of the great and fatte abbottes, all religious houses
that were of the value of CCC. marke and under, in hope that

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268

King Henry the VIII.

THE XXVII.
YERE
[1535-36]

Quene Anne
sent to the

tower.

The wordes
of quene
Anne Bolleyn at
her death.

that their great Monasteries should have continued still :
But even at that tyme one sayd in the Parliament house
that these were as thornes, but the great abbottes were
putrified olde Okes and they must' nedes folowe, and so
will other do in Christendome quoth doctor Stokesley bishop
of London or many yeres be passed.

THE XXVIII. YERE.
ON Maye daye were a solempne Justes kept at Grene
wyche, and sodaynlye from the Justes the kyng
departed havyng not above vi. persons with him,
and came in the evenyng from Grenewyche to his place at
Westminster. Of this sodayn departynge many men mused,
but moste chiefely the quene, who the next day was appre
hended and brought from Grenewyche to the Tower of
London, where after she was arreigned of high treason, and
condempned. Also at the same tyme was likewyse appre
hended, the lorde Rocheforde brother to the sayd Quene,
and Henry Norrys, Marke Smeton, Wyllyam a Bruton and
sir Fraunces Weston, all of the kynges privy chamber. All
these were lykewise commytted to the Tower and after
arreigned and condempned of high treason. And al the
gentlemen were beheaded on the Skaffolde at the Tower
hyll : But the Quene was with a sworde beheaded within
the Tower. And these folowyng were the woordes that
she spake the day of her death whyche was the xix. day
of May, 1536.
Good Christen people, I am come hether to dye, for
according to the lawe, and by the lawe I am judged to dye,
and therefore I wyll speake nothynge agaynst it. I am
come hether to accuse no man, nor to speake any thyng
of that, whereof I am accused and condempned to dye, but
I pray God save the king and send him long to reygne over
you, for a gentler nor a more mercifull prince was there
never : and to me he was ever a good, a gentle and sove
raygne lorde. And yf anye persone wyll medle of my
cause, I require them to judge the best. And thus I take
my leve of the worlde and of you all, and I hertely desyre
you all to praye for me. O Lorde have mercy on me, to
God I commende my soule. And then she kneled doune
saying :

King Henry the VIII.

269

saying : To Christ I commende my soule, Jesu receive my
soule divers tymes, till that her head was stryken of wyth
the sworde. And on the Assencion daye folowyng, the kynge
ware whyte for mournynge. ,
The weke before Whytsontyde the kyng maried lady Jane
doughter to the ryght worshipfull sir Jhon Seymer knyght,
which at Whitsontyde was openly shewed as Quene.
The viii. day of June the kyng held his high courte of
Parliament in the whiche Parliament the kynges two first
mariages, that is to say with the lady Katheryne, and wyth
the lady Anne Bulleyn were both adjudged unlawfull, as
more at large appeareth in the acte in the booke of statutes.
In the Parliamente ceason lorde Thomas Hawarde with
oute the kynges assent affyed the ladye Margarete Douglas
doughter to the quene of Scottes and nere to the kyng : for
whych presumpteous acte he was attainted of treason, and an
acte made for lyke offendors, and so he dyed in the Tower,
and she was long there as a prysoner.
In the time of this Parliament, the bishoppes and all the
clergie of the realme helde a solempne convocation at
Paules churche in London where after much disputation
and debating of matters they publyshed a booke of reli
gion intitled, Articles devysed by the kyngs highnes etc.
In thys booke is specyally mencyoned but thre Sacramentes,
wyth the whiche the Lyncolneshyremen (I meane their
ignoraunt priestes) wer offended, and of that occasion
depraved the kynges doynges. And this was the first
beginninge, as after ye shall playnly heare.
After this boke which passed by the kinges aucthoritie
wyth the consent of the Clergie, was published, the which
contayned certaine articles of religion necessary to be
taught unto the people, and amonge other it specially
treated of no more then thre Sacramentes, wher alwayes
the people had bene taught vii. Sacramentes, and besyde
this boke, certaine Injunctions were that tyme geven
wher by a nomber of their holy daies was abrogated and
specially such as fel in the harvest tyme, the kepynge of
whych was muche to the hynderaunce of the gatherynge in
of corne, haye, fruyte, and other such lyke necessary and
profitable commodities.
These artycles thus ordayned and to the people delivered.
The inhabitauntes of the North partes being at that time
very

THE XXVIII.
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King Henry the VIII.

THE XXVIII.
YERE
[1536-37]
The insur
reccion in
Lyncolne-
shyre.

very ignorant and rude, knowing not what true religion
meant, but altogether noseled in supersticion and popery,
and also by the meanes of certayne Abbottes and ignorant
priestes not a litle stirred and provoked for the suppression
of certaine Monasteries, and for the extirpation and abolysh-
ynge of the bishoppe of Romev nowe takynge an occasion
at this booke, saiynge see frendes nowe is taken from us
foure of the vii. Sacramentes and shortly ye shall lese the
other thre also, and thus the fayth of holye churche shall
utterly bee suppressed and abolyshed : and therefore
sodaynly they spred abroade and raysed great and shame-
full slaunders only to move the people to sedition and
rebellion, and to kyndle in the people hatefull and malicious
myndes agaynste the kynges Majestie and the Magestrates
of the realme, saiynge let us fully bend our selves to the
mayntenaunce of religion, and rather then to suffre it thus
to decaye even to dye in the felde. And amongest theim
also were to many even of the nobilitie that did not a lytle
provoke and stirre up the ignoraunt and rude people the
more stifly to rebell and stand therin, faythfully promysynge
theim both ayde and succoure agaynst the kynge and their
owne native countrey (lyke foolyshe and wycked menne)
thynkyng by their so doing to have done God hygh pleasure
and service. There were also certaine other malycyous and
busye persones who added Oyle (as the Adage sayeth) to the
Fornace : These made open clamours in every place wher
oportunitie served, that Christian religion should be utterly
violate, disspysed and set a syde, and that rather then so, it
behoved and was the partes of everye true Christen manne
to defende it even to the death, and not to admyt and suffre
by anye meanes the fayth (in the whyche their forefathers so
longe and so manye thousande yeres have lyved and con-
tynewed) nowe to bee subverted and destroyed. Amonge
these were many priestes whyche deceyved also the people
wyth manye false fables and venemous lyes and imaginations
(whych coulde never entre nor take place in the harte of
anye good man, nor faythfull subjecte) saiyng that al maner
of prayer and fastyng and al Goddes servyce shuld utterly
be destroyed and taken away, that no man should mary a
wyfe or be partaker of the Sacramentes, or at length shoulde
eate a piece of rost meate, but he should for the same first
pay unto the kyng a certayne somme of money, and that
they

King Henry the VIII. 271

they shoulde be brought in more bondage and in a more
wycked maner of life, then the Sarasyns be under the great
Turk. With these and such other like errours and slaun-
derous tales, the people thus instructed (or as I maye trulier
speake) deceyved and mocked beyng to lyght of credite,
incontinent to the helpe and maintenaunce of religion once
establyshed and confirmed, they stifly and stoutly dyd con
spire and agre : and in a parte of Lyncolneshire, fyrst thei
assembled and shortly after, joyned into an Army, beynge
(as it was supposed) of men apte and feete for the warre, in
nombre aboute twentie thousand.
Against these trayterous rebelles, with all the haste and
spede that might be (after he harde therof) the kynges
royal majestie, in his awne proper persone, furnished with
a goodly and warlike Armie, lackynge nothyng that to
suche a company shoulde appertein, marched towarde them.
But these rebelles hearyng that his majestie was present
wyth his power and armie royall, feared what woulde folow
of this matter, and suche as were noble men and Gentle
men, that before favored them began to withdrawe them
selves, so that thei wer destitute of Capitaines : and at the
last thei in writyng made certayn peticions to the kynges
majestie, professynge that they never entended hurte toward
hys royall persone. The kynges majestie received there
peticions, and made answere unto them as foloweth.
First we begyn and make answere to the foure and sixe
articles, because upon theim dependeth muche of the rest.
Concernyng chosynge of counsaylors, I never have red,
hard, nor knowne, that princes counsailors and prelates,
should be appoynted by rude and ignoraunt common
people, nor that thei wer persones mete, nor of habilitie
to discerne and chose mete and sufficient counsailors for a
prince : how presumpteous then are ye the rude commons
of one shire, and that one of the moste brute and beastly of
the whole realme, and of the least experience, to fynd faute
with your Prince for the electyng of his counsaylours and
prelates, and to take upon you contrarie to goddes lawe and
mannes lawe to rule youre prince, whome ye are bounde by
all lawes to obey and serve wyth both youre lyves, landes
and goodes, and for no worldly cause to withstand ? the
contrarie wherof you like traytors and rebelles have
attempted and not lyke true subjectes as ye name youre selfes. As

THE XXVIII.
YERE
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The kynges
answer to the
rebelles.

272

King Henry the VIII.

THE XXVIII.
YERE
[1536-37]

As to the suppression of religious houses and monas-
taries, we wolle that ye and all oure subjectes should well
knowe that this is graunted us by all the nobles spirituall
and temporall, of this oure Realme, and by all the commons
in the same by acte of Parliament, and not set furth by any
counsailor or counsaylors upon there mere will and fantasie,
as ye full falsely would perswade oure realme to beleve.
And where ye allege that the service of god is much
diminished, the trouth therof is contrarie, for there be no
houses suppressed where god was well served, but where
most vice, mischief and abhominacion of livyng was used,
and that doth wel apere by there awne confessions sub-
cribed with ther awne handes in the tyme of their
visitations, and yet we suffered a great many of them
(more then we neded by the acte) to stand wherin yf
thei amend not ther livyng, we feare, we have more to
answer for then for the suppression of all the rest. And
as for the hospitalitie for the relief of the pore, we wonder
ye be not ashamed to affirme that thei have bene a great
reliefe of poore people, whan a great many or the most
parte hath not past foure or five religious persons in
them, and divers but one which spent the substaunce
of the goodes of ther houses in norishyng of vyce and
abhominable living. Now what unkindnes and unnaturalitie
may we impute to you and al oure subjectes that be of that
mynde, that had lever suche an unthryftye sorte of vycyous
persones, shoulde enjoy such possessions, profytes and
emolumentes, as growe of the sayd houses, to the mayn-
tenaunce of their unthriftie life, then we youre naturall
prince, Sovereygne lorde and kyng, whych doeth and hath
spent more in your defences of our awne, then six tymes
they bee woorth? As towchynge the acte of uses, we
marvaile what madnes is in your brayne, or upon what
ground ye would take aucthoritie upon you to cause us to
breake those lawes and statutes, whyche by al the noble
knightes and gentlemen of thys realme (whome the same
chiefly toucheth) hath bene graunted and assented to :
seynge in no maner of thyngs it toucheth you the basse
commons of our realme.
Also the groundes of all those uses were false, and never
admytted by lawe, but usurped upon the prince, contrary to
all equitie and justice, as it hath bene openly both dysputed and

King Henry the VIII.

^73

and declared by al the well learned men in the realme of
Englande in Westminster hall : whereby ye maye well
perceive, how mad and unreasonable your demaundes be,
both in that and in the rest, and how unmete it is for us
and dishonorable, to graunt or assent unto, and lesse mete
and decent for you in such a rebellious sort to demaunde the
same of your prynce.
As touching the systene which ye demaund of us to be
released, think ye that we be so fayntharted, that perforce
ye of one shire (wer ye a greate many mo) coulde compel
us wyth your insurrections and such rebellious demeanour
to remit the same ? or thynke ye that anye man wyll or may
take you to be true subjectes, that first make and shew a
lovynge graunt and then perforce would compel your
sovereigne lorde and kyng to release the same ? the time of
payment whereof is not yet come, yea and seing the same
wyll not countrevayl the tenth peny of the charges, whyche
we do and dayly susteine for youre tuition and safegarde :
make you sure, by your occasions of these your ingrati
tudes, unnaturalnes and unkindnes to us now administred,
ye geve us cause whiche hathe alwayes ben asmuche dedicate
to your wealth as ever was kyng, not so much to set or-
studie for the setting forward of the same, seing how
unkyndly and untruly, ye deale now wyth us, wythout
any cause or occasyon : and doubt ye not, though you
have no grace nor naturalnes in you to consyder your
dutie of allegiaunce to your kyng, and sovereigne lorde,
the rest of our Realme we doubt not hath : and we and
they shall so loke on this cause, that we trust it shalbe to
your confusion, yf accordyng to youre former letters you
submit not your selfes.
As touching the first frutes, we let you wit, it is a thyng
graunted us by act of parliament also, for the supportacion
of parte of the great and excessive charges, which we
supporte and beare for the mayntenaunce of youre wealthes
and other oure subjectes : and we have knowen also that
ye our commons have much complained in tymes passed,
that the moste parte of our gooddes, landes and possessions,
of the realme, were in the spiritual mennes handes : and yet
bearyng us in hand that ye be as lovyng subjectes to us as
may be, ye cannot fynd in your hartes that your prince and
soveraigne lorde shoulde have any parte thereof (and yet it

is

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VOL. II.

2 M

274

King Henry the VIII.

THE XXVIII.
YERE
[1536-37]

is nothing prejudiciall unto your our commons) but to rebel
and unlawfully ryse agaynst your prynce, contrary to the
duety of allegeaunce and Goddes commaundement, Sirs,
remembre youre folies and treiterous demeanours, and
shame not your native countrey of England nor offende
no more so grevously your undoubted kynge and naturall
prince, whiche alwayes hath shewed him self most loving
unto you, and remembre your dutie of allegiance, and
that ye are bounde to obey us youre kynge, both by
Goddes commaundement and lawe of nature.
Wherfore we charge you eftsones upon the forsayd
bondes and paines, that ye wythdraw your selfes to your
owne houses, every man, and no more to assemble con-
trarye to oure lawes, and your allegeaunces, and to cause the
provokers of you to this mischiefe, to be delyvered to oure
lyftenauntes handes, or oures, and you your selves to submit
you to suche condigne punishment as we and oure nobles
shall thynke you worthy : for doubt you not els that we
and our nobles can nor will suffre this injurie at youre
handes unrevenged, yf ye geve not place to us of sovereign-
tie, and shewe youre selfes as bounden and obedyent subjectes,
and no more to entermeddle your selfes from hencefurth
wyth the weightie affaires of the realme, the direction
whereof only apperteigneth to us your kyng and such noble
men and counsailors, as we lyst to elect and chose to have
the orderyng of the same : and thus we praye unto almighty
god, to geve you grace to do your duties, to use your selfes
towardes us lyke trew and faythfull subjectes, so as we may
have cause to ordre you ther after, and rather obediently to
consent amongest you to deliver into the handes of our
livetenaunt a hundreth persons, to be ordered accordyng to
their demerites, at our wil and pleasure, then by your
obstinacy and wylfulnes, to put your selfes, your wyves,
children landes, goodes and cattalles, besyde the indig
nation of god, in the utter adventure of total destruction,
and utter ruyne, by force and vyolence of the swerd.
After the Lyncolneshire men had received this the kynges
answer aforsayd, made to their peticions, eche mistrusting
other who should be noted to be the greatest medeler, even
very sodenly thei began to shrink and out of hand they
were all devided, and every man at home in hys awne house
in peace : but the capitaines of these rebelles eskaped not al
clere,

King Henry the VIII.

2*75

clere, but were after apprehended, and had as they deserved : he
that toke upon him as capitain of this rowte, named hymselfe
capitaine Cobler, but it was a Monke called Doctor Makerel,
with divers other which afterward were taken and executed.
Al these thinges thus ended, the contrey appeased, and all
thinges in quiet, the kynges majestie retired, and brake up
his army.
But se, even within six daies folowyng, was the king
truly certefied that ther was a new insurreccion made by
the Northren men, whyche had assembled themselfes into
a houge and great army of warlikemen and wel appoincted
both with capitaynes, horse, harneys and artillary to the
nombre of fourtie thousande men, whiche had encamped
themselfes in Yorkeshire : And these men had ech of theim
to other bound them selfes by their othe to be faythfull and
obedient to his capitayne : they also declared by their pro
clamations solemply made, that this their insurreccion,
should extend no farther but only to the maintenaunce and
defence of the fayth of Christe and deliveraunce of holy
churche sore decaied and oppressed, and also for the
furtheraunce aswel of private as publick matters in the
realme touchyng the wealth of al the kyngs pore subjectes.
They named this there seditious and traiterous voiage, an
holye and blessed Pilgrymage : they had also certaine banners
in the felde, wherupon was painted Christ hangynge on the
Crosse on the one syde, and a chalice with a painted kake in
it on the other syde with diverse other banners of like
hipocresie and fained sanctitie : the souldiers also had a
certain cognisaunce or badge, embroudered or set upon
the sieves of their coates, which was the similitude of the
fyve woundes of Christ, and in the middest therof was
wrytten the name of our lorde, and this the rebellious
Guarryson of Satan with hys false and counterfeated signes
of holynes set forth and decked themselfes, only to delude
and deceyve the symple and ignorant people.
After that the kinges highnes was credibly certefied of
this new insurged insurreccion, he makyng no delay in so
weightie a matter, caused with al spede the Dukes of
Norffolke and Suffolke, the Marques of Excetter, the
Erie of Shrewsbury wyth other, accompanyed wyth his
mighty and royal army, which was of great power and
strength, forthwith to set upon the rebelles : but when these

THE XXVIII.
YERE
[1536-37]

A new insur-
reccyon.

276

King Henry the VIII.

THE XXVIII.
YERE
[1536-37]

A true
myracle of
God.

these noble capitaynes and counsaylors approched, the
rebelles and perceived their nombre and saw how they
wer bent to battayl, they practysed wyth great pollecie
to have pacefyed al with out bloudshedyng, but the
Northrenmen wer so stifnecked that thei wold in nowise
stoupe, but stoutlye stode and mayntayned their wycked
entrepryse, wherfore the nobles above sayd perceivyng and
seynge none other way to pacefye these wretched rebelles,
agreed upon a battayl, the battail was appoincted, and the
day was assigned : but, se the same night which was the
night before the day of the battail appointed, fel a smal
rain nothing to speake of: but yet as it wer by a great
myracle of god, the water which was but a very smal
forde, and that men in maner the day before might have
gone dryshod over, sodenly roase of such a heigth, depnes
and bredth that the lyke noman that ther did inhabit could
tel that ever thei sawe it so a fore, so that the day, even
when the houre of battayll should come it was impossible
for the one armie to come at the other.
After this appoyntment made betwene both the armies
(disapointed as it is to be thought only by God, who
extended his great mercie and had compassion on the
great nomber of innocent persones, that in that deadly
slaughter had lyke to have bene murdered) could take no
place : Then by the great wysedom and pollecy of the sayd
capitaynes, a communicacion was had, and a pardon of the
kynges Majestie obteyned, for all the capitaynes and chief
doers of this insurreccion, and thei promysed that such
thynges as they founde themselves agreved wythall they
shoulde gently be heard, and there reasonable peticions
graunted and that their articles should be presented to the
kinges Majestie, that by hys hyghnes aucthoritie, and
wysedome of his counsayl, al thinges should be brought
to good ordre and conclusion : and with this ordre every
man quietly departed, and those which before wer bent as
hote as fyre to fyght, beyng letted therof by God, went
now peaseably to their houses, and were as colde as water.
A domino factum est istud.
In thys tyme of insurreccion, and in the rage of horley
borley, even when the kynges armie and the rebelles were
ready to joyne, the kinges banner beyng displayd, and the
kynges majestie then liyng at Winsore, ther was a boocher
dwellyng

King Henry the VIII.

277

dwellyng wythin fyve mile of Wynsore which caused a
priest to preach that al such which toke part with the
Yorkshiremen whom he named Goddes people, did fyght
and defend Goddes quarel and farther the sayd bocher in
sellyng of his meat, one dyd byd hym a lesse price of a
shepe then he made of it, he answered nay by Gods soul,
I had rather the good felowes of the north had it amonge
them and a skore more of the best I have : this priest and
boocher wer accused to the kynges majesties counsayll, of
the treasons abovesayd on the Monday in the morning and
the same day wer both sent for, whych confessed there
treasons and so accordyng to the law mershal they wer
adjudged to die : and so the sayd Monday they were both
examined, condempned and hanged, the bocher was hanged
on a new paire of Galowes set at the bridge ende before the
castell gate : and the priest was hanged on a tree at the foote
of Winsore bridge.
This yere in Decembre was the Thamis of London al
frosen over wherfore the kynges Majestie wyth hys beutifull
spouse quene Jane, roade throughout the citie of London to
Grenewich : And this Christmas the king by his messengers
and herauldes sent doune into the Northe his general pardons
to all capitall offendours : and shortlye after came Aske to
London, and so to the court to the kyng : this Aske was the
chief capitain of the last rebellion in the North, and now
bothe pardoned of the kyng, and his grace received hym
into hys favor and gave unto hym apparel and great
rewardes, but as after ye shal perceyve Aske enjoyed not
the kyng his new frendes kyndnes a yere and a day, and
pitie it was that he had any favor at al, for there lyved not a
veriar wretch aswel in parson as in conditions and dedes,
specially againste hys anoynted governour and sovereigne
lorde. The third day of February was Thomas Fitz Garrad late
earle of Kildare and fyve of his uncles drawen, hanged and
quartered at Tiborne for hygh treason.
Also in the sayth moneth, Nichol Musgrave, Thomas
Tilbie, with other began a new rebellion at Kirbie Staphan
in Westmerland wyth eight thousand persones, and besieged
the citie of Carlile, from whence thei were beaten, with the
only power of the citie, and in their returning the Duke of
Norffolke, who then was made livetenaunt of the North
encountred

THE XXVIII.
YERE
[1536-37]
A boocher
and a priest
hanged.

Aske the
rebell of the
North.

278

King Henry the VIII.

THE XXVIII.
YERE
[1536-37]

Sir Fraunces
Bygod.

Robert Aske
taken.

RobertPackyngton.

encountred with them, and toke the Capitaines, and accord
yng to the law martial, arreigned threscore and fourtene of
them, and hanged them on Carlile walles, but Musgrave
escaped. And in the same moneth of February e began yet
another insurreccion, by the intysement of sir Fraunces
Bygod, a man no doubt that loved God, and feared his
prynce, wyth a right obedient and loving fear : but now
being deceyved and provoked ther unto by false rebellyous
persones, it was his fortune to tast of the ende which
apperteigneth to rebelles : such are men when God leaveth
them to them selfes, and when they wyl enterpryse the
doyng of that thinge whiche Goddes most holy word
utterly forbiddeth. This Bigod was apprehended and
London : this laste rebellion
Pikerin Leigh, and Scar-

in

to the tower of
Setrington, and

in

brought
beganborough Also in the latter ende of thys yere, the lord Darcy,
Aske, Sir Robert constable, sir Jhon Bulmer and his wyfe,
sir Thomas Percie brother to the Erie of Northumberland,
Syr Stephyn Hamelton, Nicholas Tempest Esquyer, William
Lomley, sonne to the lord Lomley began agayn to conspyre,
although they before had every one of theim their pardons,
and now they wer all taken and brought to the Tower of
London. In this yere one Robert Packyngton, Mercer of London,
a man of good substaunce, and yet not so ryche as honest
and wise, this man dwelled in Chepesyde at the sygne of the
legg, and used daily at foure of the clock Winter and
Sommer to ryse and go to Masse at a churche then called
saint Thomas Acres (but now named the Mercers chapel)
and one mornyng emong al other, beyng a great Mistie
morning, such as hath seldome be sene, even as he was
crossing the strete from his house to the churche, he was
sodenly murthered wyth a gonne, whiche of the neighbours
was playnly hard, and by a great nombre of laborers at the
same tyme standynge at Soper lane ende, he was both sene
go furth of his house, and also the clappe of the gonne was
hard, but the dede doer was never espied nor knowen, many
were suspected, but none could be found fawty ; howbeit, it
is true, that forasmuch as he was knowen to be a man of a
great courage and one that both could speake and also
woulde be harde ; and that the same tyme he was one of
the

King Henry the VIII.

279

the burgeses of the parliament, for the citie of London,
and hath talked somewhat against the covetousnes and
crueltie of the Clergie, he was had in contempt with theim,
and therfore moost lyke by one of theim thus shamefully
murdered, as you perceyve that Mayster Honne was in the
sixte yere of the reygne of thys kynge.

THE XXIX. YERE.
IN June the' lord Darcy and the lord Hosey wer
arreigned at Westmynster before the Marques of
Exceter, then hygh stuard of England, and thei
were both found giltie and had ther judgement as in caces
of hygh treason.
Shortly after wer also arreigned Sir Robert Constable, sir
Thomas Percy, Sir Fraunces Bygod, Sir Stephin Hamelton,
Sir Jhon Bulmer and hys wyfe, which some reported was not
hys wyfe but his paramour, also" William Lomley, Nicholas
Tempest, and the Abbottes of Jerney and Ryvers, and
Robert Aske, and all founde gyltye of high treason, and
al put to death at Tiborne, saving Sir Robert Constable,
which was hanged in chaynes on Beverley gate at Hul and
Aske was also hanged in chaines in Yorke on a Tower, and
Sir Jhon Bulmers Paramour, was brent in Smithfelde in
London : fAnd in the latter ende of June, was the Lorde
Darcy behedded at Tower hyll, and shortly after was the
Lorde Hosey behedded at Lyncolne.
Thys yere at the feaste of S. George, was the Lorde
Cromewell made knyght of the Gartier.
In Octobre on saynct Edwardes even was borne at
Hampton court the noble Impe Prince Edward, whose
Godfathers at the Christening were the Archebishop of
Cauntorburie, and the duke of Norffolke and hys God
mother the ladye Mary the kynges doughter, and at the
byshopyng was Godfather the duke of Suffolke. At the
byrth of this noble Prince was great fyres made through
the whole realme and great Joye made wyth thankesgeving
to almightie God, whiche had sent so noble a prince to
succede in the croune of this realme : But lorde what
lamentation shortly after was made for the death of his
noble and gracious mother quene Jane, which departed out

THE XXVIII.
YERE
[1536-37]

The Lorde
Darcy.
Lord Hosey.

The birth of
PrynceEdwarde,
nowe our
soverrygne Lorde and
KyngeEdwardethe vi.

Quene Jane
departed.

28o

King Henry the VIII.

THE XXIX.
YERE
t1 537-38]

Quene Jane
buried.

fFrier fForest.

out of this lyfe the fourtene day of Octobre, next folowyng :
and of none in the realme was it more heavelier taken then
of the kynges Majeiste himself, whose death caused the
king imediatly to remove unto Westminster, wher he
mourned and kepte hym self close and secret a great
while : and the eyght daye of Novembre the Corpes of the
Quene was caryed to Windsore wythe great solempnitie,
and there was buryed in the middes of the queer in the
Caste! Churche : And at the same tyme was made in Poules
a solempne herce for her, wher was Masse and dirige, and
in lyke maner was song Masse and dirige in every parish
church in London.
The kinges Majestie kept his Christmas at Grenewich in
his mournyng apparel, and so was all the Courte till the
morowe after Candlemas day, and then he and all other
chaunged. Also this yere the Viscount Beauchamp was created erle of
Hertford and sir William Fitzwilliam highe Admirall created
Earle of Southhampton.
This yere James kyng of Scottes, maried the Lady
Magdalene the Frenche kynges eldest doughter.

THE XXX. YERE.
IN May there was a Freer, called freer Forest, one of
the observaunt freers, but he might have bene more
trulier named as after shall appeare, an obstinate
Freer, this obstinat Freer had secretly in confessions
declared to many of the kynges subjectes that the kyng was
not supreme heade, and being herof accused and appre
hended, he was examined how he could say that the king
was not supreme head of the church, when he himself had
sworne to the contrary, he answered that he toke his oth
with his outward man, but his inward man never consented
therunto: At this answer the lordes who examined him
loked very straungly at the dissimulation of the Freer, but
being farther accused of diverse heretical and dampnable
articles, that he held contrary to the scripture of god, he
was after sondry examinacions convinced and confuted, and
gladly submitted himselfe to abide the punishment of the
church :

King Henry the VIII. 281

church : But upon this his submission, havyng more libertie
then before he had, aswel to talke with whom he .would, as
also, who that he would to talke with him, certein such out
ward men as he was so talked wyth him and so incensed him,
that the outward Freer was as far from his open submission
as ever he was, and when his abjuration was sent him to
read, and loke upon, he utterly refused it, and obstinately
stode in all his heresies and treasons before conspired, al
gentle meanes that was possible to be sought for his
reconciliacion was had, but the more gentler that the
magistrates were to him, the more obstinat was the freer,
and would neither argue nor answere : wherfore justly he
was condempned, and after for him was prepared in Smith-
feld in London a Gallowes on the which he was hanged in
chaynes by the middle and armholdes al quyck, and under
the gallowes was made a fire, and he so consumed and brent
to deth. At his commyng to the place of execution, there
was prepared a greate skaffolde, on which sat the nobles of
the realme, and the kynges Majesties mooste honorable
counsayle only to have graunted pardon to that wretched
creature, yf any spark of repentaunce woulde have happened
in him: ther was also prepared a Pulpit where a right
reverend father in God and a renoumed and famous Clerck
the bishop of Worceter called Hugh Latimer, declared to
him hys errours, and openly and manifestiy by the scripture
of God confuted them, and wyth many and godly exhorta
tions moved him to repentaunce, but such was his frowardnes
that he neyther wold hear nor speak. And a litle before the
execution, a houge and great image was brought to the
Galowes, which Image was brought out of Wales, and of
the Welshmen much sought and worshipped : This Image
was called Darvel Gatheren, and the Welshmen had a
prophesy that this Image should set a whole Forest on
fyre, which prophesy now toke effect, for he set this freer
Forest on fyre and consumed him to nothing. Thys Freer
when he saw the fire come, and that present death was at
hand, caught hold upon the ladder, which he would not let
go, but so unpacientlye toke hys death, that no man that
ever put his truste in God never so unquietlye nor so
ungodly ended his life : yf men myght judge hym by hys
outward man, he appered to have litle knowledge of God
and his sincere truth, and lesse trust in him at hys endyng. Upon
VOL. 11.

THE XXX.
YERE
[1538-39]

A prophesie.

2 N

282 King Henry the VIII.

THE XXX.
YERE
[1538-39]

A hangman
hanged.

Images
suppressed.

All counter-
feat religions
suppressed.

Upon the gallowes that he died on, was set with greate
letters these verses folowing.

David Darvel Gatheren
As sayth the Welshmen
Fetched Outlawes out of Hell.

And Foreest the Freer
That obstinate Iyer
That wylfully shalbe dead.

Now is he come, with spere In his contumacie
and shild
In harnes to burne in Smith- The Gospel doeth deny
feld
For in Wales he may not dwel The kyng to be supreme
heade.
In July was Edmond Conyngsbey attainted of treason, for
counterseatyng of the kynges Signe Manuell : And in
August was Edward Clifford for the same cause attainted,
and both put to execucyon as traitors at Tiborne. And the
Sondaye after Barthelemew day, was one Cratwel hangman
of London, and two persones moo hanged at the wresdyng
place on the backsyde of Clerken wel besyde London, for
robbyng of a bouth in Bartholomew fayre, at which
execucion was above twentie thousand people as I my
selfe judged.
In thys moneth of Auguste, the Kynge of Scottes maryed
the ladye Mary late Duches of Longvile. And in
Septembre by the speciall mocyon of the Lorde Cromewell
all the notable Images unto the whiche were made anye
speciall -Pilgrimages and Offerynges, were utterly taken
away, as the Images of Walsyngham, Ypswyche, Worceter,
the Ladye of Wilsdon, wyth manye other. And lykewyse
the Shrines of counterfeated Sainctes, as the Shrine of
Thomas Becket and dyverse other. And even forth wyth
by the meanes of the saied Cromwell, al the ordres of
supersticious and beggyng Freers, as White, Gray, Black,
Augustine, Croched Freers, and likewise al the puling
Nonnes, with their Cloisters and houses wer suppressed and
put doune.
In this season, sute was made by the Emperour to the
kynges Majestie, that he would take to wife the duches of
Millayn, but in this matter the Emperors counsaill so dalied
with the kyng, that shortly he left of that suit : of the which
breakyng of with the Emperour, the Duke of Cleave hard, and

King Henry the VIII.

283

and therfore forthwith he made suite to the kynges Majestie
for his fayre sister the Lady Anne : undoubtedly the
Emperours counsayl thought by a cautel to have brought
the kyng to sue to the bishop of Rome for a licence, which
thing the kynges Majestie sone smelled and perceived wher
about thei went. In the moneth of Novembre one Jhon
Nicholson otherwise called Lambert a priest, was accused of
heresy, for deniyng the Sacrament of the Aultare to be
Christes natural! body : This man appealed to the kynges
Majestie, who graciously consented to heare him, and a day
was appoincted : against whych daye was made in the
kynges palace at Westminster called the white hall, in the
kynges hall a throne or liege royall for the Kynges
Majestie, and Skaffoldes for all the lordes, and a stage
for Nicholson to stand on : thys Nicholson was a man
named to be learned, but that day he uttered no suche
learnynge, as he was of many supposed, that he both
coulde and would have done, but was excedyng fearful 1
and timerous. The Kynges Majesty accompanied with his
Lordes and nobles of the Realme and divers of the bishops
and clergy kept the day appoincted, wher before his majestie
was brought the forsaid Nicholson, to whome certein of the
bishops ministred diverse argumentes, but specially the
kynges majestie him selfe did most dispute wyth hym,
howbeit Nicholson was not perswaded nor woulde not
revoke although the Kynges majestye graunted hym his
pardon, wherfor there was he condempned and had judge
ment, and shortely after was drawen and burned in Smyth-
feld. The third day of Novembre were Henry Marques
of excester and erle of Devonshire and sir Henry Pole
knight and lorde Mountagew arid Sir Edward Neyel
brother to the Lorde Burgany sent to the tower which
thre wer accused by sir gefferei Pole brother to the lord
Mountagew, of high treason, and the two lordes were
arreigned the last day of Decembre, at Westminster before
the lord Awdeley of Walden, lord Chauncelor, and then
the high stuard of England, and there found giltie, likewise
on the third day after was arreigned sir Edward Nevel,
Sir Gefferey Pole and two priestes called Croftes and
Collines, and one holand a Mariner and all attainted, and
the ninth day of Januarie, were the saied two lordes and
Sir Edwarde Nevel behedded at the tower hil, and the two
priestes

the xxx.
YERE
[1538-39]

Jhon Lambert
otherwisecalled Jhon
Nicholson.

The Lorde
Marques of
Excester and
other accused
and con
dempned of
high treason.

284 King Henry the VIII.

THE XXX.
YERE
[1538-39]

Sir Nicholas
Carew behedded,

Thomas Phelips.

priestes and Holande were drawen to Tiborne, and there
hanged and quartered, and Sir Gefferey Pole was pardoned.
On Aswednesday, were Jhon Jones, Jhon Potter, and
William Maneryng, hanged in the princes liveries, because
thei were the princes servauntes, on the Southside of Paules
churchyard for killing of Roger Cholmeley esquyer in the
same place of malice prepensed.
Also on the third day of March, was sir Nicholas Carew
of Bedington, in the countie of Surrey knight of the Gartier,
and Maister of the kyngs horse, before attainted of treason,
behedded at the tower hil, wher he made a godly confession,
bothe of his foly and superstitious faith, geving God most
harty thankes that ever he came in the prison of the tower,
where he first favored the lyfe and swetenes of Gods moste
holy word meaning the Bible in English, which there he
read by the meane of one Thomas Phelips then keper of
that prison, but before he was a citezen and poyntmaker of
London, which Phillips two yeres before had ben ther
prysoner himselfe, and sore troubled aswel by syr Thomas
More as also by Doctor Stokesley bishop of London, who
often tymes examined the sayd Phelips, and layed many articles
to his charge, but he so wisely and coldly used him selfe,
that he maugre their evyl willes, escaped clerly their handes.
The nynth day of Marche, the kyng created at West
minster sir William Pawlet knight treasorer of his house-
holde, Lord Sainte Jhon, and Sir Jhon Russel comptroller
of his housholde, Lorde Russel.
The same tyme the kynge caused all the havens to be
fortefyed, and roade to Dover, and caused Bulwarkes to be
made on the sea coastes, and sent commissions throughout al
the realm, to have his people muster : and at the same
season on Ester day, was there thre skore unknowen shippes
liyng in the dounes, wherfore all Kent arose, and mustered
in harnes the same day.

THE XXXI. YERE.
THE eight and twentie daye of Apryll, began a
Parliament at Westminster, in the which Margaret
countesse of Salsbury Gertrude wyfe to the
Marques of Excester, Reygnold Poole a Cardinall, brother to

King Henry the VIII.

285

to the lorde Mountagew, Sir Adrian Foskew and Thomas
Dingley knight of saynt Jhones, and dyverse other wer
attainted of hygh treason, which Foskew and Dingley
wer the tenth daye of July behedded. In thys parliament
was an act made whiche bare this title : An act for
abholyshynge of diversitie of opinions, in certayne artycles
concernynge Christen religion, this act establyshed chiefly
sixe articles, wherof among the common people it was
called the act of syxe artycles, and of some it was named
the whyp wyth syxe strynges, and of some other and that of
the moste part, it was named the bloudy statute, for of
truthe it so in shorte tyme after skourged a great nomber
in the citie of London, wher the first quest for the
inquirie of the offendors of the sayd statute sat at a
church called Beckets house, now named the Mercers
Chappel, that the said quest beyng of purpose selected
and picked out emong all the rest of the inhabitauntes of
the citie, that none might thereof be admitted which either
had red any part of the holy scripture in English, or in
any wyse favoured such as either had red it, or loved the
preachers of it : insomuch as this quest was so zelous and
fervent in the execucion of this statute, that they among
them selves thought it not only sufficient to inquire of
the offendors of the saied statute, but also by ther fine
wittes and wyllyng mindes, thei invented to inquire of
certayn braunches of the same statute as they termed it,
which was not only to inquire who spake again masses, but
who thei were that seldome came unto them : and also not
only who denyed the Sacramente to be Christes very
naturall body, but also who helde not up their handes at
sacryng tyme, and knocked not on there brestes: And
thei not only inquired who offended in the sixe articles,
but also who came seldome to the churche, who toke no
holy bread nor holy water, who red the Bible in the
churche, or in communicacion contemned priestes, or
Images in the Churches, etc. with a grat nombre of
suche braunches: this appoincted quest so sped them
selves wyth 'the sixe Articles, and ther awne braunches,
that in fourtene daies space there was not a preacher
nor other persone in the citie of name, whiche had spoken
against the supremacie of the Bishop of Rome, but he was
wrapped in the sixe articles, insomuche as thei indited and
presented

THE XXXI.
YERE
[1539-4°]

The act of
the vi.
articles.

The first
quest that
inquired of
the sixe
Articles.

286

King Henry the VIII.

THE XXXI.
YERE
[1539-40]

presented of suspicion to the nombre of five hundred
persones and above : so that yf the kynges majestie had
not graunted his pardon, for that by the good lorde
Awdeley lord Chauncelor his grace was truly infourmed
that thei were indited of malice : a greate many of them
whych all ready was in prison, had bene shortly after
skourged in Smithfelde wyth firy fagottes, that would
have made the best bloud in ther bodies to have sprong but
most graciously at that time his grace remitted all : although
in the tyme that these sixe Articles indured whiche was
eight yeres and more, thei brought many an honest and
simple persone to there deathes, for suche was the rigour
of that lawe, that yf two witnesses false or true, had accused
any and avouched that thei had spoken agaynst the sacra
ment, ther was then no way but death, for it boted not to
confesse that hys faith was contrarie, or that he saied not as
the accusors reported : for thei would beleve the witnesses,
ye and sometime certain of the clergie, when thei had
no witnesses would procure some, or dies thei wer
slaundered. The kynges highnes whiche never ceased to stody and
take payne both for the avauncement of the common wealth
of this his Realme of England, of the which he was the only
supreme. governour and hed, and also for the defence of al
the same, was lately enfourmed by his trustie and faithfull
frendes, that the cankerd and cruel serpent the bishop of
rome, by that Arche traitor Reignold Poole, enemie to
godes worde and his natural contrey, had moved and
stirred diverse great princes and potentates of Christen
dome to invade the Realme of England, and utterlye to
destroy the whole nation of the same : Wherefore his
Majestie in his awne persone, without any deley toke very
laborious and paineful journeies towardes the sea coastes.
Also he sent divers of his nobles and counsailors to view
and searche all the portes and daungers on the coastes where
any mete or convenient landing place might be supposed,
aswell on the borders of England as also of Wales. And
in al soche doubtful places his highnes caused divers and
many bulwarkes and fortifications to bee made. And
further his highnes caused the lorde Admiral erle of South
ampton to prepare in redinesse shippes for the sea, to his
great coast and charges. And

King Henry the VIII. 287

And beside this, to have all his people in a redynesse, he
directed his commissions thorough out the realme to have
his people mustered, and the harneis and weapons sene and
viewed, to thentent that all thynges should be in a redinesse
if his enemies would make any attempt into this Realme :
And amongest other, one commission was directed to the
right worshipfull sir William Forman knight Maior of
London and his brethren, for to certifie all the names of
all men betwene the ages of lx. and xvi. and the nomber
of harnesses, weapons, with their kyndes and diversities :
whereupon the said lord Maior and his brethren, every one
havyng with them one of the counsaill or learned men of the
citie repaired to their wardes, and there by the othe of the
common counsaill and Constables of the same warde toke
the nomber of the men, harnesses and weapons, according
to their commission. And after that they had well viewed
their Bookes and the nomber of the persones, they thought
it not expedient to admit the whole nomber of suche as
were certefied for able and apte persones for to Muster :
Wherfore then they assembled theim selfes againe and
chose out the moste able persones and put by thother, and
specially al suche as had no harnesse, nor for whom no
harnesse could be provided. But when they were credibly
advertysed by the kynges Counsellour Thomas lord Crome-
well knyght of the Noble Ordre of the Gartier Lorde
Prevye Seale (to whose prudence and goodnesse the Citie
was muche bounden) that the kyng hymselfe woulde see the
people of the Citie Muster in a convenient nomber, and
not to set furthe all their power, but to leave some at home
to kepe the Citie. Then eftsones every Alderman repayred
to hys warde, and there put asyde all suche as hadde Jackes,
coates of plate, coates of mayle and bryganders, and ap
poynted none but suche as had whyte Harnesse, excepte
suche as should beare Morysh Pyckes, whiche had no har
nesse but skulles : and they appoynted none but suche as
had white harnesse, neither dyd they admyt any that was a
Straunger, although they were Denyzens. When it was
knowen that the kyng would see the Muster, Lorde howe
glad the people were to prepare, and what desyre they had
to do their Prince service, it would have made any faithfull
subjectes harte to have rejoysed. Then every man beyng
of any substaunce provided hymself a coate of whyte silke, and

THE XXXI.
YERE
t1 539-40]

The great
Muster in
London.

288

King Henry the VIII.

THE XXXI.
YERE
[1539-40]

and garnyshed their bassenettes with turves lyke cappes of
sylke, set with ouches, furnyshed with chaines of gold and
fethers : other gylted their harnesse, their halberdes and
pollaxes. Some, and especiall certayne goldsmythes had
their brest plates yea and their whole harnesse of sylver
bullion. The Constables were all in Jornettes of white
silke with chaines and battel Axes. The meaner sort of
people were all in coates of white cloth very curiously
trimmed with the armes of the citie before and behinde.
The lord Maier hymself was in a faire Armour, the
crestes therof were gylt, and over that a coate of blacke
velvet with half sieves, and so was sir Roger Cholmley
knight Recorder of London and al thother Aldermen and
Shiriffes and such as had bene shirifes, al wel mounted on
stirring horses richely trapped covered, with battel axes in
their handes and Mases and chaines about their neckes.
The lorde Mayer had iiii. fotemen all in white silke, cutte,
ruffed and pounced : he had also ii. Pages well mounted
on stirring coursers, richely trapped and appareled in
coates of Crimosyn velvet and cloth of golde paled, with
chaynes of gold, the one bearyng his Helme and the
other his Axe. He had also xvi. tall men on foote with
gilte halbardes, whose doubletz were white silke, and
hosen doublettes and shoes all whyte, cut after the Al-
mayne fassion, puffed and pulled out with red sarcenet,
every one havyng a whyte lether Jerkyn all to cutte and
chaines about their neckes, with fethers and broches on
their cappes. The Recorder and every Alderman had
about hym iiii. Halbardes trymmed warlike.
The Chamberlaine of the Citie and the Counsailors of
the same and the Aldermens deputies which were appointed
to be wiffelers on horsbacke were all in whyte dammaske
coates on their harnesse, mounted on good horses well
trapped, with great chaynes about their neckes, and propre
Javelyns or battel axes in their handes and cappz 'of velvet
richely decked.
The Wyffelers on foote iiii. C. propre and lyght per
sones all apparelled in whyte sylke or Jerkyns of lether
cutte, with white hose and shoes, every man havyng a
javelyn or slaughsworde to kepe the people in aray and
cheynes about their neckes, and white fethers in their
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The Mynstrelles were all in white with the Armes of
the Cytie, and so was every other persone at this Muster
without anye diversite, savyng the lorde Mayer, the Re
corder and his brethren who had crosses of velvet or satten
pyrled with golde.
The Standarde bearers were the tallest men of every
Warde, for whom were made xxx. new standardz of the
devise of the citie besyde banners.
When every thyng was prepared, every Alderman
mustered his awne warde in the fieldes, viewyng every
man in his harnesse, and to cause suche as could shote, to
take bowes in their handes, and thother bylles or pykes.
The viii. day of Maye, accordyng to the kynges pleasure,
every Alderman in ordre of battell with his warde came into
the common fielde at Myle ende, and then al the gonnes
severed them selves into one place, the pykes in another,
and the bowmen in another, and lykewyse the bylmen, and
there rynged and snayled, whiche was a goodly syght to
beholde: for all the fieldes from White chappell to Myle
ende, and from Bednal Grene to Ratclyf and to Stepney
were all covered with harnesse, men and weapons, and in
especiall the battel of pykes semed to be a greate forest.
Then every parte was devided into iii. partes, the pikes in
iii. partes and so the other. Then were appoynted iii.
battels, a forward, myddleward and rereward.
The Ordre in goyng.
About viii. of the clocke marched forward the lyght
peces of Ordinaunce, with stone and powder, after them
followed the Drommes and fiffes, and imediatly after them
a Guydon of the Armes of the citie. Then followed
master Sadder capitain of the gonners upon a good horse
in harnesse and a coate of velvet with a chayne of golde
and iiii. Halbardes about him apparelled as before is re
hersed. Then followed the Gonners iiii. in a ranke, every
one goyng v. foote a sonder, every mans shoulder even
with another, whiche shot altogether in divers places very
cherefully, and especially before the Kynges Majestie, whiche
at that tyme sate in his new gate house at his Palace
at Westminster where he viewed all the whole company :
In lyke maner passed the second and third battels al well and
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and richely appointed. They passed as is saied, the for-
most Capitayn at ix. of the clock in the morning by the
lytle conduite enteryng into Pauls churchyarde, and so
directly to Westmynster, and so thorough the sainctuary
and round about the parke of S. James, and so up into the
fielde and came home thorough Holborne : and as the first
Capitaine entered agayne to the lytle conduite, the last of
the Muster entered Pauls Churchyarde, whiche then was
iiii. of the clocke at after none. The nomber was xv.
thousand, besyde Wyffelers and other wayters.
In this yere about the feast of S. Jhon Baptist, the
common people of the toune in Gaunt in Flaunders,
began to grudge against the Officers of the Emperour,
and thoccasion was this : The common people beyng sup
ported of dyvers ryche Merchauntes of the towne com-
playned that the Excyse of the Wyne was so greate, that
they payed of every ' pottell ii.d. for thexcyse that they
solde by retaile, besyde the pryce of the wyne, and like
wyse payed the Merchauntes whiche sold it in great : and
yet that more greved them that the Abbots, Fryers,
Chanons and other Religious persones and men of the
Churche (of the whiche was great store in that toune)
the whiche among them had the greatest ryches and
wealth of that toune, should be exempt and dronke Wyne
free without paiyng Excyse, which thyng turned to the
charges of other, and therwith the commons founde them
selves sore greved, and sayed that they were oppressed
contrarye to their olde and auncient Privileges. The
Rulers made promise that an ordre and way should be
taken therein, but they desyred respite that they might
knowe the mynde of the Quene of Hungary, Regent for
the Emperoure of the lowe countrey, which Quene at
that tyme was at Bruxel, and even then was goyng to
vyset the countrey of Hollande. The Quene consented
to nothyng that the commons desyred, but sent them a
very cruell and frowarde aunswere not without great
threates, that if they would not every man quietly re-
mayne in their houses, and paye their excyse as they
had bene accustomed to do, they should lyke rebels as
they were be forced therunto whether they would or not :
Wherfore the commons assembled, and when they had
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King Henry the VIII. 291

to seke another meanes, and fyrste they assembled them
selves into a battel to the nombre of x. or xii. M. wel
armed men, night and day watching and warding the toune,
in suche sorte that themperours officers bare no rule : and
he whom they called the chiefe Bailife or Governour of the
toune durst not once shew his face amongest them, but by
the helpe of a boy he conveied himself by a Postern and so
got out of the toune. The people of Gaunt perceiving
their Rulers thus departed, the chiefest of them that were
in the toune condiscended and agreed to write unto the
Frenche kyng for aide, and caused a Gentelman of their
toune to devyse a letter, for the whiche afterwarde he lost
his head.
The sute and request of the saied men of Gaunt was,
that it woulde please the Frenche kyng to sende unto them
men and munitions, and to succour them as the auncient
subjectes to the Crowne of Fraunce, and to deliver them
from the bondage that they were in, and to remove from
them the great Exactions and impositions, that the Officers
of the saied Emperour had oppressed them with all, and
they would yelde and deliver all unto hym as to their
sovereigne lorde, and in lyke maner would other tounes
to them adjoynyng do. And for a truth (saith the wryter
of the Annalles of Acquitain) if the Frenche kyng woulde
have herkened unto their request and sute, it had bene an
easy thyng for hym bothe to have enjoyed the possession
of the greatest nomber of all the tounes in the lowe
countrey : as Flaunders, Arthoys and the rest of that
countrey, and also to have put the Emperour in great
hazarde. But the Frenche kyng willing to kepe and
holde the Truce which was concluded and sworne, havyng
a greater respect to his faith and promyse then to his
profite and gayne, thynkyng that if he should consent
to the request of the Gauntoys, he should begin a newe
warre to the noiaunce of the commen people of Christen
dom, wherfore he refused utterly either to ayde or succour
them. The Quene of Hungarye thynkynge to have pacifyed
all thys rumour, sent unto the toune of Gaunt her ryght
trustie and valiaunt knight, the lorde of Sempy, of the
house of Crovy, accompanied with the lorde Lyquerque
and one of her Prevy counsaill : but these men amongest the

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the commons were not so well entertained as they thought
they should have bene, and therfore taried not long
amongest them, but were glad to convey themselfes from
them in dissimuled apparell.
The Emperour being advertised of all this businesse, and
perceiving his lowe countrey by the reason of sedition was
in daunger, devised meanes howe he might come to them,
for then he was in Spain. He thought he would not
hazarde hymselfe upon the sea : and he durst not truste
the Almaynes, because he had broken promyse with theim
so often concerning their generall counsaill that he promised
to have assembled : wherfore he determined to move the
French king and to sue for a safe conduitie to passe
thorough Fraunce, which very gladly the Frenche kyng
graunted hym, insomuch that after the French kyng knew
of his desire, both he and the Dolphyn entreted most
hertely the Emperour to passe that waye, trusting therby
that it should have bene an occasion of peace betwene
them. All thynges mete for themperours assuraunce was so
appoynted by the Constable of Fraunce, that the Emperour
departed out of Spain, and came to Bayon, from thence to
Burdeaux and so to Poyters : after he came to Loches
where he met with the Frenche kyng and the Quene, and
then they together passed from thence to Orleaunce, and
so to Paris, into whiche citie they entered the first daye
of January in the yere of our Lorde a 1539, and so from
thence after great chere and royall enterteinement he passed
thorough the lower countreis, and at last came to Bruxelles
in Braband.
And first the Emperour under colour to have pitie and
to remedy the pore commons of Gaunt, and saiyng that he
would not only pardon their offences, but also he could not
blame them being oppressed to complain, and by this
meanes he obteined licence that the County of Reux
accompanyed with ii. C. men of armes and v. M. Lance-
knightes entered the toune saiyng to thinhabitauntes that
this power was onely to kepe the toune in peace and quiet
till a good and profitable ordre should be taken for the
commons. The pore inhabitauntes beleving all that was
promised and saied unto them and mistrustyng nothyng,
threw of their harnesse, and every man peaceably went to
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their houses. Then entered into the toune themperour
accompanied with his brother the kyng of Hongary, and
his sister the quene Dowager of Hongary, the Duke of
Savoy and many other Princes, Lordes and Gentelmen, and
a great power of men of warre, whiche entery was about
Mydsomer, in the yere a. M.v.C.xl.
Themperour beyng in Gaunt and havyng thupper hand
of them, that is to saie, beyng stronger within the toune
then thinhabitauntes were, in the place of his great pitie
that he semed to have on the pore inhabitantes at his
first entery, he immediatly began to do execution, and
that of a great nomber of them, and without all mercy
executed them, insomuche that among all other, the
Gendeman which the commons enforced to write the
letter to the French kyng was beheded, as before is ex
pressed: and afterward themperour caused an Abbey of
s. Banon to be suppressed, and in the same place at the
charges of the Gauntois, he made a Castell of a marvelous
largenesse, for it was ix. C. foote long, and viii. C. large :
and not contented with suche as he put to death, but
also of a great nomber he confiscated their landes and
goodes, and finally he brake all their Privileges and Ordin-
aunces, and left the poore inhabitauntes of Gaunt in a
miserable case : But now to returne to thaffayres of
England. In August the great Onele and Odonele entered into
the English pale in Ireland, and brent almost xx. myle
within the same : wherfore the lorde Grey then Deputie
there, assembled a greate power and met with them the
xx. day of August and put them to flight, wherfore the
kyng sent over fyve hundreth freshe souldiers to aide his
deputie. In the ende of September the xvi. day of that moneth
came to London Duke Frederyke of Bavyre Countye
Palantyne or Palsgrave of the Ryne, and the xviii. daie
came to London, the Marshal of duke Jhon Fredericke
Prince Elector of Saxony, and the Chauncellor of William
duke of Cleve, Gulycke, Gelder, and Berry. The Palsgrave
was received and conducted to Wynsore by the duke of
Suffolk : and thother were accompanied with other nobles,
and the xxiii. day of the same moneth thei al came to
Wynsore, where viii. daies they continually were feasted and

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The Receyv-
yng of the
Lady Anne
of Cleve.

and hunted, with al pleasure that might be shewed unto
them : and the Palsgrave shordy departed and was honor
ably rewarded : and that season was concluded the mariage
betwene the kyng and the lady Anne, syster to duke
Willyam of Cleve, and great preparacion was made for
the receivyng of her.
The xiiii. day of November Hugh Feringdon Abbot
of Redyng and two Priestes, the one called Rug, and the
other named Onyon, were attainted of high treason, for
deniyng the kyng to be_ suppreme head of the churche,
and was drawen, hanged, and quartered at Redyng. This
Abbot was a stubborne Monke and utterly without learn
ing. The same day was Richard Whityng Abbot of
Glascenbury likewise attainted and hanged on Tower hyll
beside his monastery, for the said case and other great
treasons, which also was quartered : and the first day of
Decemb. was Jhon Beche Abbot of Colchest. put to execu
tion for the same confederacy and treason.
In December were appointed to wayte on the kynges
hyghnes person fiftie Gentelmen called Pencioners or
Speares, lyke as they were in the first yere of the kyng.
The xi. day of December at the Turnepyke on thyssyde
Gravelyng was the Lady Anne of Cleve received by the
lorde Lysle Deputie of the toune of Calice and with the
Speres and horsemen belongyng to the retinue there, all
being fresh and warlike apparelled, and so marching toward
Calice a myle and more from the toune met her Grace
the Erie of Southampton great Admirall of England, and
apparelled in a coate of purple velvet cut on cloth of
golde and tyed with great aglettes and treifoiles of golde,
to the nomber of iiii. C. and baudrickwise he ware a chayne,
at the whiche did hange a whistle of gold set with ryche
stones of a greate value. And in his company xxx.
gentlemen of the kynges houshold very rychely apparelled
with great and massy chaynes, and in especial syr Frauncis
Bryan and sir Thomas Seymers chaynes were of greate
valure and straunge fassion. Beside this, the Lorde
Admirall had a great nomber of gentelmen in blew velvet
and crimosyn sattyn and his yomen in damask of the
same colours, and the Maryners of his ship in sattyn of
Bridges, both coates and sloppes of the same colours,
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her, and so brought her into Calyce by the lanterne gate,
where the Shippes laye in the Haven garnyshed with
their banners, pencelles and flagges, plesauntly to beholde.
And at her entry was shot suche a peale of gonnes, that
all the retinew much marveiled at it. And at her entery
into the toune, the Mayer of the toune presented her
with an C. marke in golde. And before the Staple hall
stode Merchauntes of the Staple wel aparelled, which like
wise presented her with an C. sovereynes of golde in a
ryche pursse, whiche hertely thanked them, and so she
rode to the kynges place called the Checker, and there
she lay xv. dayes for lacke of prosperous wynde. Duryng
whiche tyme goodly justes and costly bankettes were made
to her for her solace and recreacion. And on s. Jhons
day in Christmas, she with 1. sayle toke passage about
none and landed at Dele in the downes about v. of the
docke, where syr Thomas Cheiny lord Warden of the
portes receaved her, and there she taried a space in a
castle newly builte, and thether came the duke and duches
of Suffolke and the byshop of Chichester, with a great
nomber of knightes and esquiers and ladies of Kent and
other whiche welcomed her grace, and so that nyght brought
her to Dover castell, where she rested till monday : on
whiche day for all the storme that then was she marched
toward Caunterbury, and on Barain downe met her the
Archebyshop of Caunterbury accompanied with the byshop
of Ely, sainct Asse, saynt Davyes and Dover, and a great
company of gentelmen well apparelled, and so brought her to
s. Austens without Caunterbury, where she lay that nyght :
and on the nexte day she came to Syttyngburne and there
lodged that nyght. And as she passed toward Rochester
on Newyers even, on Reynam down met her the duke of
Norffolke and the lorde Dacre of the South, and the lord
Mountjoye with a great company of knightes and Esquiers
of Norffolke and Suffolke, and the Barons of thexchequer,
all in coates of velvet with chaynes of gold, whiche brought
her to Rochester where she lay in the palace all Newyeres
day. On whiche day the kyng whiche sore desired to see
her grace accompanied with no more then viii. persons of
his prevy chamber, and both he and they all apparelled in
marble coates prevely came to Rochester, and sodainly came
to her presence, which therwith was sumwhat astonied : but
after

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after he had spoken and welcomed her, she with most
gracious and lovyng countenaunce and behavior hym re
ceived and welcomed on her knees, whom he gently toke up
and kyssed : and all that after none commoned and devised
with her, and that nyght supped with her, and the next day
he departed to Grenewyche, and she came to Dartford.
On the morow being the third day of January, and
Saturday, in a faire playne on black heth more nerer the
foote of shoters hill then the ascendent of the hyll called
blacke heth hyll, was pitched a ryche cloth of gold and
divers other tentes and pavilions in the whiche were made
fyers and perfumes for her and suche Ladies as should
receive her Grace : and from the Tentes to the parke
gate of Grenewyche were all busshes and fyrres cutte
downe, and a large and ample waye made for the shew of
all persones. And fyrst nexte to the parke pale on the
East syde, stode the Merchauntes of the Stilyard : and on
the West syde stoode the Merchauntes of Jean, Florence
and Venyce, and the Spanyardes, in coates of velvet. Then
on bothe sydes of the waye stoode the Merchauntes of the
Citie of London and Aldermen with the Counsellours of the
saied Citie to the nomber of a Clx. whiche were myxed
with the Esquyers : Nexte upward towarde the Tentes
stoode Knyghtes: Then the 1. Gentelmen Pencioners, and
all this sorte were apparelled in velvet and chaynes of gold,
truly accompted to the nomber of xii. C. and above, besyde
them that came with the kyng and her grace, whiche were
vi. C. in velvet cotes and chaines of golde. Behynde the
gentelmen stode the servingmen in good ordre, well horsed
and apparelled, that whosoever had well viewed theim might
saye that they for tall and comely personages and clene of
lyrn and body, were able to geve the greatest Prince in
Christendome a mortall breakefast if he were the kynges
enemy : And of this sorte the gentelmen appertainyng to
the lord Chauncellor, the lord Prevy seale and the lord
Admiral and divers other lordes, beside the costly lyvereis
and comely horses, ware chaines of golde.
Thus was the lane ordered in rankes from the parke
gate towarde the crosse on the Heth, which was betwene
the Rankes and the Tentes, and in this ordre they con
tinued tyll the kyng and she were returned.
About xii. of the clocke her grace with al the company which

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which were of her owne nation to the nomber of a C.
horse, and accompanied with the dukes of Norffolke and
Suffolke, the Archebyshop of Caunterbury and other bys-
shops, lordes and knightes whiche had received and con
veyed her as you have hard before, came doune shoters
hyl toward the tentes, and a good space from the tentes
met her the erle of Rutland her lorde Chamberleyn, syr
Thomas Denyce her Chauncellor, and all her councellers
and officers, amongest whom, doctor Daye appointed to
her Almoner, made to her an eloquent oracion in latin,
presenting to her on the kynges behalfe all the officers
and servauntes : whiche oracion was aunswered unto by
the Duke her brothers Secretarie there being present,
whiche done, the lady Margarete Doglas, daughter to the
Quene of Scottes, the lady Marques Dorcet, daughter to
the Frenche Quene being Nieces to the kyng, and the
Duches of Rychemond, and the Countesse of Rutland and
Herfford with divers other ladies and gentelwomen, to
the nomber of lxv. saluted and welcomed her grace, whiche
alighted out of her Chariot in the which she had ridden
al her long journey, and with most goodly demeanor and
loving countenaunce gave to them hertie thankes and kissed
them al, and after all her counsellors and officers kyssed her
hand, which done, she with al the ladies entered the tentes,
and there warmed them a space.
When the kyng knew that she was arived in her tent,
he with all dyligence set out thorough the parke. And
first issued the kynges Trompettes, then the kynges officers
beyng sworne of his Counsail, next after them folowed the
Gentelmen of the kynges prevy Chamber, some apparelled
in coates of velvet embroudered : other had their coates
garded with chaines of golde, very ryche to beholde, whiche
were wel horsed and trapped : after them ensued Barons,
the yongest first, and so sir Willyam Hollys knyght Lorde
Mayer of London rode with the lord Par beyng yongest
Baron. Then followed Bisshoppes apparelled in blacke
satten. Then immediady followed the Earles, and then
duke Phylyppe of Bavyer and Countie Palantyne of the
Rhyne, rychely apparelled with the lyverey of the Toysant
or Golden Fleece aboute hys necke. Then folowed the
Ambassadours of the French kyng and themperour, next
folowed the lorde Prevy Seale lorde Cromwell and the
lord
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lord Chauncellor : then Garter kyng of armes, and the
other Officers of armes and the Serjantes at armes gave
their attendaunce on every side of the lordes: which
lordes for the most part were appareled in purple velvet,
the lord Marques Dorcet in the same sute bare the kynges
sworde of estate. After hym a good distaunce folowed
the kynges highnesse mounted on a goodly courser, trapped
in ryche clothe of golde traverced latyce wyse square, all
over enbroudered with gold of damaske, pearled on every
syde of the embroudery, the buckles and pendentes were
all of fyne gold. His persone was apparelled in a coate
of purple velvet, somewhat made lyke a frocke, all over
embroudered with flatte golde of Damaske with small
lace mixed betwene of the same gold and other laces of
the same so goyng traverse wyse, that the ground litle
appered : about whiche garment was a ryche garde very
curiously embroudered, the sieves and brest were cut,
lyned with cloth of golde, and tied together with great
buttons of Diamondes, Rubyes, and Orient Perle, his
sworde and swordgyrdle adorned with stones and especial
Emerodes, his night cappe garnished with stone, but his
bonnet was so ryche of Juels that fewe men coulde value
them. Besyde all this he ware in baudrike wyse a coller
of such Balistes and Perle that few men ever sawe the
lyke : and aboute his persone ran ten footemen all richely
apparelled in goldsmithes worke. And notwithstandyng
that this ryche apparell and precious Juelles were plesaunt
to the Nobles and al other being present to beholde, yet
his Princely countenaunce, his goodly personage and royall
gesture so farre exceded all other creatures beyng present,
that in comparyson of his persone, all his ryche apparell
was litle estemed. After hym folowed his Lorde Chamber
lain, then came syr Anthony Browne Master of his horse,
a goodly Gentelman and a comly personage, well horsed
trapped and rychely apparelled leadyng the kynges horse
of Estate by a long reyne of golde, whiche horse was
trapped in maner lyke a barde with Crymosyn velvet and
satten, all over embroudered with golde after an antyke
fassion, very curiously wrought. Then followed the pages
of honour in coates of ryche tynsell and Crymosyn velvet
paled, rydyng on great coursers, all trapped in crymosyn
velvet, embroudered with new devyses and knottz of gold
whiche

King Henry the VIII.

299

whiche were both plesaunt and costly to beholde. Then
followed syr Anthony Wyngfeld Capitaine of the Garde,
and then the Garde wel horsed and in riche coates. In
this ordre the kyng rode to the last ende of the ranke
where the speares or pencioners stode : and there every
person that came with the kyng placed hymselfe on the
one syde or the other, the kyng standyng in the myddes.
When her grace was advertysed of the kynges commyng,
she issued out of her tent beyng apparelled in a riche goune
of cloth of golde reysed, made rounde without any trayne
after the Duche fassyon, and on her head a kail, and over
that a rounde bonet or cappe set full of Orient Pearle of
a very proper fassion, and before that she had a cornet of
blacke velvet, and about her necke she had a partelet set
full of ryche stone whiche glistered all the fielde. And at
the dore of the tente, she mounted on a fayre horse
rychely trapped, with her fotemen about her in gold
smithes worke embroudered with the blacke Lion, and on
his shoulder a Carbuncle gold, and so she marched towarde
the kyng : which perceiving her to approche came forwarde
somewhat beyonde the crosse on Blacke Heth, and there
paused a Me in a faire place tyll she came nerer : then
he put of his bonnet and came foreward to her, and with
moste lovely countenaunce and Princely behaviour saluted,
welcomed and embrased her to the great rejoysyng of the
beholders : and she lykewyse not forgettyng her duty,
with most amiable aspecte and womanly behaviour received
his grace with many swete wordes and greate thankes and
praisynges geven to hym. And while they two were thus
communyng, the fyftie Pencioners and the Garde departed
to furnyshe the Courte and Halle of Grenewiche. And when
the kyng had talked with her a lytle whyle, he put her on
his ryght hande, and so with their footemen they roade as
though they had bene coupeled together. O what a syght
was this to se so goodly a prince and so noble a kyng to ryde
with so fayre a Lady of so goodly a stature and so womanly
a countenaunce, and in especial of so good qualities, I
thynke no creature could se them but his herte rejoysed.
Nowe when the kyng and she were mette and bothe
their companyes joyned together, they returned thorough
the rankes of Knyghtes and Esquyers whiche stode styll
all this while and removed not, in this ordre : Fyrst her
Trompettes

THE xxxi.
YERE
[1539-40]

3°°

King Henry the VIII.

THE XXXI.
YERE
[1539-40]

Trompettes went forwarde, whiche were twelve in nomber
besyde two kettle Drommes on horsebacke, then followed
the Kynges Trompettes, then the Kynges Counsaylours,
then the Gendemen of the Prevy Chamber, then the
Gentelmen of her Graces Countrey in coates of velvet,
all on great horses: after them the Mayor of London
in crymosyn velvet with a riche collor, coupled with
the yongest Baron, then all the Barons, nexte folowyng
Bysshoppes, then Earles, wyth whom roade the Earles of
Oversteyn and Waldocke, of her countrey, then Dukes
and the Archebysshop of Caunterbury and Duke Phillip
of Bavire, nexte folowed the Ambassadours, then the Lorde
Prevye Seale and the Lorde Chauncellor, then the Lorde
Marques wyth the Kynges sworde, nexte folowed the kyng
hymselfe equally rydyng wyth his faire lady, and behind
hym rode sir Anthony Browne with the kynges horse of
Estate as you hearde before, and behynde her roade syr
John Dudley Master of her Horses leadynge her spare
Palferaye trapped in ryche Tyssue downe to the grounde :
After them followed the Henxemen or Pages of Honoure,
then folowed the Ladye Margarete Doglas, the Ladye
Marques Dorset, the Duches of Richemond and Suffolke,
the Countesses of Rutland and Hertforde, and other
Countesses : then followed her Graces Chariot in the
whiche she rode all her journey, well carved and gylte
with Armes of her countrey curiously wrought and covered
with cloth of gold, all the Horses were trapped with blacke
velvet, and on them rode Pages of Honor in coates of
velvet, in the which Charyot rode ii. auncient ladies of her
countrey: nexte after the Chariot folowed vi. ladies and
gentelwomen of her countrey all richely apparelled with
cappes set with Pearle, and great chaynes of divers fassions
after the usage of their countrey, whiche were very fayre of
face, and with them rode vi. ladyes of Englande well besene.
Then folowed another Chariot likewyse gilte and furnished
as thother was : after that Chariot folowed x. Englishe
ladyes well apparelled, next them another Chariot al covered
with blacke cloth, and in that iiii. gentlewomen whiche were
her Graces Chamberers : then folowed all the remnaunt of
the ladies, gentlewomen and Maydens in a greate nomber
whiche dyd weare that daie Frenche whodes : last of all
came another Chariot all blacke with iii. Launders apper-
^  taynyng

King Henry the VIII.

301

taynyng to her grace : next after folowed a Horselytter of
cloth of golde and Crimosyn velvet upon velvet paled, with
horses trapped accordyngly whiche the kyng sent her. Then
followed the servyng men of her trayne, all clothed in blacke
and on great horses.
In this ordre they rode thorough the rankes, and so
thorough the parke and at the late Freers walle all men
alyghted savyng the kyng the twoo Masters of the Horses
and the Henxmen whiche rode to the halle dore, and the
Ladies rode to the Courte gate. And as they passed they
behelde on the wharfe howe the Citezens of London were
rowyng up and down on the Thames even before them,
every crafte in his barge garnished with Banners, Flagges,
Stremers, Pencelles and Targettes, some paynted and beaten
with the kynges armes, some with her Graces Armes, and
some with the armes of their crafte or Mistery. Beside
the Barges of every crafte, there was a Barge made like a
ship, called the Batchelers barke, decked with cloth of gold,
penons, pencels, and targettes in great nomber, on whom
wayted a Foyst that shot great peces of Artillary. And in
every barge was diverse sortes of Instrumentes and children
and men syngyng, whiche sang and plaied altogether as the
kyng and the Lady passed on the wharfe, whiche sight and
noies they muche praised and allowed.
When the kyng and she were within the utter court, they
alyghted from their horses, and the kyng lovyngly embrased
her and kissed her, byddyng her welcome to her owne, and
led her by her lyfte arme thorough the Halle whiche was
furnished beneth the harth with the kynges Garde, and
above the harth with the fyftie Pencioners with their batel
Axes, and so brought her up to her prevy chamber, where
he lefte her for that tyme.
And assone as the kyng and she was entered the courte,
was shot out of the Tower of Grenewiche and there about,
a great peale of Gonnes.
When the kynges company and hers was entered the
parke, as you have hearde, then all the horse men on Blacke
Heath brake their aray and had licence to departe to London,
or to their lodgyng. To se howe longe it was or the horse
men coulde passe, and howe late it was in the nyght yer the
footemen coulde get over London brydge, I assure you it
was wonderous to beholde, the nomber was so great. This

THE XXXI.
YERE
[1539-40]

3°2

King Henry the VIII.

THE XXXI.
YERE
[1539-40]

This the noble lady remained unmaried untill the tuesday
folowing beyng the daie of the Epiphany : on whiche daie
about viii. of the clocke in the mornyng, his grace beyng
appareled in a gowne of clothe of gold, raised with great
flowers of sylver, furred with blacke Jenettes, his cote
Crimosyn sattyn all to cutte and enbraudered and tied with
great Diamondes, and a ryche coller about his necke, came
solemply with his Nobilitie into the galery next the closettes,
and there paused.
Then the Lordes went to fetche the Ladie Anne, whiche
was apparelled in a gowne of ryche cloth of gold set full of
large flowers of great and Orient Pearle, made after the
Duche fassion rownde, her here hangyng doune, whiche was
faire, yellow and long : On her head a Coronal of gold re
plenished with great stone, and set about full of braunches
of Rosemary, about her necke and middle, Juelles of great
valew and estimacion. In this apparell she goyng betwene
the erle of Oversteyn and the Graunde Master Hostonden,
whiche had the conduitie and ordre of the performaunce of
her mariage, with moste demure countinaunce and sad be
haviour, passed thorough the kynges chamber, all the Lordes
goyng before her till they came to the galery where the kyng
was, to whom she made thre low obeysaunces and curtesies.
Then the Archebishop of Caunterbury received them and
maried them together, and the erle of Overstein did geve
her : and about her mariyng ryng was written : God send
me wel to kepe.
When the Mariage was celebrate, they went hande in
hande into the Kynges closet and there hard Masse and
offered their tapers, and after Masse had wyne and spyces,
and that done, the kyng departed to his chamber, and all the
Ladies wayted on her to her chamber, the Duke of Norffolke
goyng on the ryght hande, and the Duke of Suffolke on the
lefte hande on her grace.
After nyne of the clocke, the Kyng with a gowne of ryche
Tyssue lyned wyth Crymosyn Velvet embroudered, came to
his closet, and she in her here in the same apparell that she
was Maried in, came to her Closet with her Serjant of Armes
and all her Officers, lyke a Quene, before her. And so the
kyng and she went openly on Procession and offered and
dyned together. And after dyner she chaunged into a
gowne lyke a mannes gowne, of Tyssue with longe sieves
 gyrte

King Henry the VIII.

3°3

gyrte to her, furred wyth ryche Sables, her narrowe sieves
were very costly, but on her head she had a cap as she ware
on the saterdaie before with a cornet of laune, whiche cap
was so ryche of Perle and Stone, that it was judged to bee
of greate valew. And after her fassion, her Ladies and
Gententlewomen were appareled very riche and costly with
chaynes of divers fassyons, and in this apparell she went that
nyght to Evensong, and after Supped with the kyng : and
after Supper were Bankettes, Maskes, and diverse dysportes,
tyll the tyme came that it pleased the kyng and her too take
their rest.
The Sonday after were kepte solempne Justes, whiche
muche pleased the straungiers. On whiche daie she was
appareiled after the Englishe fashion, with a Frenche whode,
whiche so set furth her beautie and good vysage, that every
creature rejoysed to behold her.
When the erle of Overstein, and other lordes and ladies
which had geven their attendaunce on her grace al that
jornay, and had been highly feasted of the kyng and other
nobles, very sumpteously, thei toke their leave and had
greate giftes geven to theim, bothe in money and plate, and
so returned toward their countrey, leavyng behynd them
the erle of Waldocke, and diverse other gentlemen and
damoselles, which wer reteined with her grace, till she wer
better acquainted in the realme.
The fourth daie of February next ensuyng, the kyng and
she came to Westminster by water accompaignied with many
nobles and prelates in Barges, on whom the Maior and his
brethren in skarlet, and xii. of the chief compaignies of the
citee, all in Barges garnished with Banners, Penons, and
targettes, richely covered and replenished with minstrelsy,
gave their attendaunce, and by the waye al the shippes shot
their ordinaunce, and out of the tower was shot a greate peale
of Gonnes, in goodly ordre.
The xii. daie of February, the Duke of Norffolke was sent
in Ambassade to the Frenche kyng, of whom he was well
enterteigned, and in thende of the same moneth, he returned
agayn into Englande.
The xxiii. daie of February, wer foure readers sent for to
the Starre Chamber, of every house of the foure principall
Innes of Courte one, where sat the lorde Chauncellor, the
lorde Previe seale, and xiiii. of the chief of the kynges coun saill,

THE XXXI.
YERE
[1539-40]

3°4

King Henry the VIII.

THE XXXI.
YERE
[1539-40]

StephenGardiner
Bishop of
Winchester. Doctor
Barnes.

saill, and there the lorde Chauncellor declared, how sir Jhon
Shelton knight, had by the advise of sir Humfrey Broune
Knight, the Kynges Serjaunt, sir Nicholas Hare Knight, the
Kynges counsailor, and Speaker of the Parliament, and Will
yam Coignesby Esquire, attornay of the Duchie of Lancastre,
all beyng his servauntes and of his Fee, declared a fraudulent
will of his landes, contrary to the statute made, anno xxvii.
to the greate hynderaunce of the kynges prerogative, and
the true meanyng of the saied statute, and also to the evill
example of all other, that should defraude the lordes of their
seigniories. Wherfore the saied sir Humffrey Browne, and
sir Nicholas Hare, wer that daie by the whole Counsayll of
the kyng, dismissed of their Offices and service to the kyng,
and sent to the tower : and within thre daies after was
William Coignisby sent thether, where thei remaigned ten
dayes, and after wer delivered : but thei three lost all their
offices, that thei had of the kyng.
The first Sondaie in Lent, Stephyn Gardiner Bishop of
Winchester, preached at Paules crosse, and there intreated
of the Gospel of that daie : and in his sermon especially, he
touched the article of Justification, and so he handled hV-that
the third Sondaie in Lent next folowyng, oneJDoctor Barnes,,
of whom before you have heard, reproved in the sayedTpuIpit
at Paules, the doctryne of the saied Bishoppe : and beeyng
vexed with the Bishoppes Doctrine, he used many tauntes
against hym, but one specially whiche was this, that he saied
if the Bishoppe and he, wer together in Rome with the
Pope, he knewe that greate sommes of money, could not
save his life, but for the Bishoppe, there was no feare, but
that a litle intreataunce, should purchase favour enough for
hym : By this he noted the Bishop to bee but a Papist,
whiche the Bishop so unquietly tooke that he complained of
Barnes to the kyng, and there had hym examined, and at the
last by the Kynges commaundement, he came to the bishoppes
house, where likewise the bishoppe not onely examined hym,
but also toke upon hym to be his skolemaster, and as moste
menne and specially suche, as muche knewe and least cause
had to lye, reported, he prepared the tower for his skole
house, and made suche a rod to beate his skoler, that he
beate hym as small as ashes, or he left hym : although
Barnes, with twoo other persones, that is to saie, Jherom and
Garret, of whom in the next yere folowyng, ye shall here
more,

King Henry the VIII.

3°5

more, were by the Bishoppes procurement, appoynted in the
Easter weke folowyng, to preache at sainct Mary Spittle
beside London, the three solempne sermons in one of the
which sermons that Barnes made, Barnes openly and before
al the people, asked the Bishop forgevenes, for speaking so
unreverentiy of him, in his former sermon, and he required
the bishop if he forgave hym, in token thereof to holde up
his hande, whiche like as it was long before he did, so it
appered afterwarde to many, that it was but a counterfeat
forgevenes.
The xii. daie of Aprill began a Parliament, and sir Nicholas
Hare restored to the office of speaker, in the whiche was
frely graunted, without contradicions, foure fiftenes and a
Subsedy, of twoo s. of landes, and xii.d. of goodes, toward
the greate charges of Bulwarkes.
The xviii. daie of April, at Westminster was Thomas lorde
Cromewell, created Erie of Essex, and made greate Chamber
lain of England, whiche ever the Erles of Oxenford had,
whiche promocions he enjoyed short tyme, as after in the
next yere maie appere.

THE XXXII. YERE.
THE first daie of Maie, sir Jhon Dudley, sir Thomas
Seimour, sir George Carew sir Thomas Ponynges,
sir Richard Cromewell, sir Anthony Kyngston
knightes, enterprised a royall Justes, Tornay, and Barriers,
whiche wer in white Velvet barded and based. The Justes
began the first daie of Maie, the Tornay the third daie, and
the Barriers the fifth which chalenge thei valiauntly per
formed, agaynst all commers, and also they kept open
houshold at Duresme place, and feasted the kyng and
Quene, and all the Lordes. Beside this, on Tewesdaie in
the Rogacion weke, thei feasted all the Knightes and Bur
gesses of the Common house : and the morowe after thei
had the Maior, the Aldermen and all their wifes to dinner,
and so the Fridaie thei brake up houshold.
In this Parliament whiche began the xviii. daie of April,
as is afore rehersed, the religion of sainct Jhones in Eng
lande, whiche of most men was named the knightes of the
Rhodes, was dissolved, wherof hearyng sir Willyam Weston knight,
VOL. II.

THE XXXI.
YERE
[1539-40]

Thomas lord
Cromwell
created Erie
of Essex.

A Justes.

2 Q

3°6

King Henry the VIII.

THE XXXII.
YERE
[1 540-4 1 J

Richard Farmer
Grocer con
dempned in a
Premunire.
Thomas lord
Cromwelcommitted to
the Tower.

The wordes
of the Lorde
Cromwellspoken at his
deth.

knight, Prior of sainct Jhones, for thought died on the
Assencion daie, beyng the fift daie of Maie.
In this monethe was sent to the Tower, Doctor Wilson,
and docter Sampson bishop of Chichester, for relevyng
of certain traiterous persones, whiche denied the kynges
supremacie : and for the same offence was one Richard
Farmer Grocer ,of London, a riche and welthy man, and of
good estimation in the citee, committed to the Marshall See,
and after in Westminster hall was arraigned and attainted
in the Premunire, and lost all his goodes.
The xix. day of July, Thomas lorde Cromewel, late made
erle of Essex, as before you have hard, beyng in the counsail
chamber, was sodainly apprehended, and committed to the
tower of London, the whiche many lamented, but mo
rejoysed, and specially suche, as ether had been religious
men, or favored religious persones, for thei banqueted, and
triumphed together that night, many wisshyng that that
daie had been seven yere before, and some fearyng least he
should escape, although he were imprisoned, could not be
mery. Other who knewe nothyng but truth by hym, bothe
lamented hym, and hartely praied for hym : But this is true
that of certain of the Clergie, he was detestably hated, and
specially of suche as had borne swynge, and by his meanes
was put from it, for in deede he was a man, that in all his
doynges, semed not to favor any kynde of Popery, nor
could not abide the snoffyng pride of some prelates, which
undoubtedly whatsoever els was the cause of his death, did
shorten his life, and procured the ende that he was brought
unto : whiche was that the xix. daie of the saied monethe,
he was attaynted by Parliament, and never came to his
answere, whiche lawe many reported, he was the causer of
the makyng thereof, but the truthe thereof I knowe not :
The Articles for whiche he died, appereth in the Record,
where his attaynder is written, whiche are to long to bee
here rehersed, but to conclude he was there attainted of
heresy, and high treason. And the xxviii. daie of July was
brought to the skaffold on the tower hill, where he saied
these wordes folowyng.
I am come hether to dye, and not to purge my self, as
maye happen, some thynke that I will, for if I should so
do, I wer a very wretche and miser : I am by the Lawe
condempned to die, and thanke my lorde God that hath
appoynted

King Henry the VIII.

3°7

appoynted me this deathe, for myne offence : For sithence
the tyme that I have had yeres of discretion, I have lived
a synner, and offended my Lorde God, for the whiche I
aske hym hartely forgevenes. And it is not unknowne to
many of you, that I have been a greate traveler in this
worlde, and beyng but of a base degree, was called to high
estate, and sithens the tyme I came therunto, I have offended
my prince, for the whiche I aske hym hartely forgevenes,
and beseche you all to praie to God with me, that he will
forgeve me. O father forgeve me. O sonne forgeve me,
O holy ghost forgeve me : O thre persons in one God for
geve me. And now I praie you that be here, to beare me
record, I die in the Catholike faithe, not doubtyng in any
article of my faith, no nor doubtyng in any Sacrament of
the Churche. Many hath sclaundered me, and reported
that I have been a bearer, of suche as hath mainteigned evill
opinions, whiche is untrue, but I confesse that like as God
by his holy spirite, doth instruct us in the truthe, so the
devill is redy to seduce us, and I have been seduced : but
beare me witnes that I dye in the Catholicke faithe of the
holy Churche. And I hartely desire you to praie for the
Kynges grace, that he maie long live with you, in healthe
and prosperitie. And after him that his sonne prince
Edward, that goodly ympe, maie long reigne over you.
And once again I desire you to pray for me, that so long
as life remaigneth in this fleshe, I waver nothyng in my
faithe. And then made he his praier, whiche was long, but
not so long, as bothe Godly and learned, and after com
mitted his soule, into the handes of God, and so paciently
suffered the stroke of the axe, by a ragged and Boocherly
miser, whiche very ungoodly perfourmed the Office.
On sainct Peters even, was kept the Serjeantes feast at
sainct Jhones with al plentie of victaile. At which feast
wer made ten Serjeauntes, three out of Greyes Inne, and
three out of Lyncolnes Inne, and of every of the Tempels
twoo. At whiche feast were present, all the lordes and
commons of the Parliament, beside the Maior and the
Aldermen, and a greate nomber of the commons of the
citee of London.
The morowe after Midsomer daie, the kyng caused the
Quene to remove to Richemond, purposyng it to bee more
for her health, open ayre and pleasure : but the sixt daie of
July.

THE XXXII.
YERE
[1540-41]

SergeauntesFeaste.

3o8

King Henry the VIII.

THE XXXII.
YERE
[1540-41]
Quene Anne
devorced,and called
Ladie Anne
of cleve.

The Lorde
Graye sent
to the
Tower.

Lorde Hungerfordbeheded.

Barnes,Garrard and
Jerom.

July, certain Lordes came doune into the neither house,
whiche expresly declared causes, that the mariage was not
lawfull, and in conclusion, the matter was by the Convoca
tion clerely determined, that the kyng might lawfully mary
where he would, and so might she : and so were thei clerely
devorsed and seperated, and by the Parliament enacted and
concluded, that she should bee taken no more as Quene,
but called the Lady Anne of Cleve.
In this yere the lord Leonard Gray, brother to Thomas
lord Marques Dorset, beyng the kynges lieutenaunt in
Ireland, practised sondery feates for his proffite, as in
deliveryng treytors beeyng hostages, and especially his
nephew Fitzgarard, brother to Thomas Fitz-
garard before executed, and also caused suche of the Irishe
menne, as he had intelligence with all, to invade suche of
the kynges frendes, whiche he favored not : Wherefore the
kyng sent for hym, and he mistrustyng and seyng no refuge
wrote to the kynges enemies, to invade thenglishe pale after
his departure. And also he kept the kynges Treasure, to
his awne use, without reteignyng souldiours, accordyng to
his commission whereupon, when he came to London, he
was sent to the Tower.
In July the Prince of Salerne, in the Realme of Napels,
and the lorde Lois Devola, came into England to se the
kyng whiche had high chere and greate rewardes, and so
departed. And after them came Done Fredericke Marques
of PaduUa, brother to the Duke of Farrar, and the Prince of
Macedonia, and the Marques of Tarra Nova, and Mounsire
de Flagy and sixtene other gentlemen, from the Emperours
Courte into Englande, to see the Kyng, whiche on the daye
of Mary Magdalene, came to the Court to Westminster, and
wer highly feasted and well interteined, and with greate
rewardes departed.
The twentie and eight daie of July, as you have heard
before in this yere, was the Lorde Cromewell behedded, and
with him likewise was behedded the Lorde Hongerford of
Heytesbury, whiche certainly at the tyme of his death, semed
to bee very unquiet in mynde and rather in a frenesy then
otherwise. The thirtie daie of July, were drawen on herdelles out of
the Tower to Smithfeld, Robert Barnes Doctor in Divinitee,
Thomas Garard, and Wyllyam Jerome Bachelers in Divinitee,
 Powell,

King Henry the VIII.

3°9

Powell, Fetherston, and Abell. The firste three were draweri
to the stake, there before set up, and were burned : and the
latter three drawen to the Galowes, likewise there set up,
and were hanged, behedded, and quartered. Here ye must
note, that the first three, wer menne that professed the
Gospell of Jesu Christ, and were Preachers thereof: But
wherefore they were now thus cruelly executed, I knowe
not, although I have searched to knowe the truth. But this
I finde in their atteindor, for ye muste understande, that
after thei had Preached at sainct Mary Spittle, as before I
have declared, Barnes for learnyng his lesson no better was
committed to the Skolehouse before prepared, whiche was
the Tower, where he was kepte, and never called to exami
nation, till his rod that he should bee beaten withall, was
made, whiche was a sharp and greate Fire in Smithfelde :
and for compaignie sake, was sent to the Skolehouse with
hym, the for named Garet, and Jerome, whiche dronke all
of" one Cuppe. And as I saied before, thus muche I finde in
their attaindor, that they were detestable and abhominable
Heretickes, and that thei had taught many heresies, the
nomber whereof was to greate in the atteindor to be recited,
so that there is not one alleged, whiche I have often won
dered at, that their heresies wer so many, and not one there
alleged, as special cause of their deathe. And in deede at
their deathe, thei asked the Shirifes, wherfore thei were con
dempned, who answered, they could not tell : but if I maie
saie the truthe, moste menne said it was for Preachyng,
agaynst the Doctryne of Stephen Gardiner Bishoppe of
Wynchester, who chiefly procured this their death, God and
he knoweth, but greate pitie it was, that suche learned menne
should so bee cast a waie, without examination, neither
knowyng what was laied to their charge, nor never called to
answere. The laste three whiche were Powell, Fetherston, and
Abell, were put to death for Treason, and in their attaindor,
is speciall mention made of their offences, whiche was for
the deniyng of the kynges supremacie, and affirmyng that
his Mariage with the Lady Katheryne was good : These
with other were the treasons, that thei wer attainted of, and
suffered death for.
The fourthe daie of August Thomas Epsam, sometyme
Monke of Westminster, whiche had been prisoner for
treason,

THE XXXII.
YERE
[154O-40

Powell,
Fetherston, and Abell.

3io

King Henry the VIII.

THE XXXII.
YERE
[1540-41]

Katheryn Haward
shewed as
Quene.

Egerton
hanged.

treason, thre yeres and more in Newgate, came before the
Justices of Gaole delivery at Newegate, and would not aske
the kynges pardon, nor be sworne to be true to him where
fore his Monkes garment, was plucked from his backe, and
he repried till the kyng knewe his malicious obstinacie : and
this was the last Monke that was seen in his clothyng in
Englande. In this monethe were certain Commissioners, sent by the
kyng into Ireland, to inquire of the lorde Leonard Gray,
whiche certefied diverse articles against him, as ye shall here
in the nexte yere folowyng.
The eight day of August, was the Lady Katheryn Haward,
nece to the duke of Norffolk, and daughter to the lord
Edmond Haward, shewed openly as Quene at Hampton
Court, whiche dignitie she enjoyed not long, as after ye
shall here.
In the latter ende of this moneth, was universally through
the realme greate death, by reason of newe hote agues and
Flixes, and some Pestilence, in whiche season was suche a
drougth, that Welles and small Rivers were cleane dried, so
that muche cattell died for lacke of water : and the Thamis
was so shalowe, and the freshe water of so small strength,
that the Salt water flowed above London bridge, till the
raine had encreased the freshe waters.
On the xxii. daie of December, was Raufe Egerton ser
vaunt to the Lorde Audeley, lorde Chauncellor, hanged,
drawen, and quartered, for counterfetyng of the kynges
greate Seale, in a signet, whiche was never seen, and sealed
a greate nomber of Licenses for Denizens, and one Thomas
Harman that wrote theim, was executed : for the statute
made the last parliament, sore bounde the straungiers, whiche
wer not Denizens, whiche caused theim to offre to Egerton,
greate sommes of money, the desire whereof caused hym to
practise, that whiche brought hym to the ende, that before is
declared. In the ende of this yere, the Frenche Kyng made a strong
Castle at Arde, and also a Bridge over into the Englishe
pale, whiche bridge the Crewe of Calice did beate doune,
and the Frenchmen reedified the same and the Englishemen
bet it doune again. And after the kyng of England sent
fiftene hundred woorke men, to wall and fortefie Guysnes,
and sent with them five hundred men of warre, with capi
taines

King Henry the VIII.

3n

taines to defende them. The noyes ranne in Fraunce, that
there wer fiftie thousande Englishemenne landed at Calice
with greate ordinaunce : wherefore the Frenche kyng sent
in all hast, the Duke of Vandosme, and diverse other capi
taines, to the Frontiers of Picardy, to defende the same.
The kyng of Englande hearyng thereof, sent the Erles of
Surrey and Southhampton and the lorde Russell, his greate
Admirall, into the Marches of Calice, to set an ordre there :
and after them sent CO light horsemen, of the borders of
Scotlande : whom the Frenchmen called stradiates, whiche
lordes when they had set all thynges in a good ordre, shortly
returned. In this yere was burned in Smithfeld, a child named
Richard Mekins, this child passed not the age of xv. yeres,
and~somewhat as he had heard some other folkes talke,
chaunced to speake against the Sacrament of the aultar.
This boye was accused to Edmond Boner Bishop of London,
who so diligently folowed the accusation, that he first found
the meanes to Indite hym, and then arreigned hym, and
after burned him. And at the tyme he was brought to the
stake, he was taught to speake muche good, of the Bishop of
London, and of the greate Charitee, that he shewed hym :
and that he defied all heresies, and cursed the tyme that
ever he knewe Doctor Barnes, for of hym had he learned
that heresie, whiche he died for : The poore boye would for
the savegarde of his life have gladly said that the twelve
Apostles taught it hym, for he had not cared of whom he
had named it, suche was his childishe innocencie and feare.
But for this deede many spake and saied, that it was great
shame for the Bishop, who thei saied ought rather to have
labored to have saved his life, then to procure that terrible
execution, seyng that he was suche an ignoraunt soule, as
knewe not what the affirmyng of an heresie was.
You have hard before in the beginning of this yere, that
« doctor Wilson, and doctor Sampson Bishop of Chichester,
wer sent unto the Tower : who now wer perdoned of the
kyng, and set agayn at their libertie.

THE XXXII.
YERE
[1540-41]

Richard Melcyns
brent.

THE

312

King Henry the VIII.

THE XXXIII.
YERE
[1541-42]
A newe
rebellion. ^

The Lorde
Graye con
dempned.

The Lorde
Dacres of
the South
hanged.

THE XXXIII. YERE.
IN the beginnyng of this yere, v. priestes in Yorke shire
began a new rebellion, with thassent of one Leigh a
gentleman, and ix. temporall men, whiche were appre
hended, and shortly after in diverse places put in execution,
in so muche that on the xvii. daie of Maie, the said Leigh
and one Tatersall, and Thornton, wer drawen through
London to Tiborne, and there wer executed. And sir
Jhon Nevell knight was executed for the same at Yorke.
On the same daie was Margaret Countesse of Salisbury,
which had been long prisoner in the Tower, behedded in the
Tower, and she was the last of the right lyne and name, of
Plantagenet. The ix. daie of June, wer Damport and Chapman, twoo
of the kynges Garde, hanged at Grenewhich by the Friers
Wall, for robberies in example of all other.
During this ceason, the commissioners that before wer
sent into Ireland, to inquire of the lord Gray, certified xx.
articles of high treason against hym, wherupon he was
arreigned and tried by knightes, because he was a lorde of
name, but no lorde of the parliament : howbeit he discharged
the Jury, and confessed the inditement, and therupon was
judged, and after behedded at the tower hill, where he
ended his life very quietly and godly.
In this ceason was arreigned and condempned three
gentlemen, called Mantell, Roydon, and Frowdes, and were
hanged at sainct Thomas of Waterynges. Likewise was
Thomas Fines Lorde Dacres of the Southe, arreigned before
the Lorde Awdeley of Walden, then Chauncellour of Eng
lande, and that daie high Stuard of the same at Westminster,
and there before the saied Lorde Chauncellour and his Peres,
he confessed the Inditement, and so had Judgement to bee
hanged. And so the twentie and nyne daie of June, beeyng
Sainct Peters daie at after None, he was led on foote, be
twene the twoo Shirifes of London, from the Tower through
the citee to Tyborne, where he was strangled, as common
murderers are, and his body buried in the churche of sainct
Sepulchres. The cause of the death of this noble manne,
and the other gendemen, was a murder of a symple manne, and

King Henry the VIII.

3l3

and an unlawfull assemble made in Sussex. Greate moane
was made for them al, but moste specially for Mantell, who
was as wittie, and towarde a gentleman, as any was in the
realme, and a manne able to have dooen good service.
This Sommer the Kyng kepte his progresse to Yorke, and
passed through Lyncolne Shire, where was made to hym an
humble submission by the temporaltie, confessyng their
offence, and thankyng the kyng for his pardon : and the
Toune of Staunforde gave the Kyng twentie pounde, and
Lyncolne presented fourtie pounde, and Boston fiftie pound
that parte whiche is called Lynsey gave three hundred pounde,
and Kestren and the Churche of Lyncolne gave fiftie pounde.
And when he entered into Yorke Shire, he was met with
two hundred gentlemen of the same Shire, in cotes of Velvet,
and foure thousande tall yomen, and servyng men, well
horsed : whiche on their knees made a submission, by the
mouthe of sir Robert Bowes, and gave to the Kyng nyne
hundred pounde. And on Barnesoale met the kyng, the
Archebishoppe of Yorke, with three hundred Priestes and
more, and made a like submission, and gave the kyng sixe
hundred pounde. Like submission was made by the Maior
of Yorke, Newe Castle, and Hull, and eche of theim gave to
the Kyng an hundred pounde. When the Kyng had been
at Yorke twelve daies, he came to Hul, and devysed there
certain fortifications, and passed over the water of Homber,
and so through Lyncolne Shire, and at Halontide came to
Hampton Court.
At this tyme the Quene late before maried to the kyng
called Quene Katheryne, was accused to the Kyng of dissolute
livyng, before her mariage, with Fraunces Diram, and that
was not secretely, but many knewe it. And sithe her
Mariage, she was vehemently suspected with Thomas Cul-
peper, whiche was brought to her Chamber at Lyncolne,
in August laste, in the Progresse tyme, by the Lady of
Rocheforde, and were there together alone, from a leven of
the Clocke at Nighte, tyll foure of the Clocke in the Mor
nyng, and to hym she gave a Chayne, and a riche Cap.
Upon this the kyng removed to London, and she was sent
to Sion, and there kepte close, but yet served as Quene.
And for the offence confessed by Culpeper and Diram, thei
were put to death at Tiborne, the tenth daie of December.
And the twentie and two daie of the same monethe^ were
arreigned
VOL. II.

THE XXXIII.
YERE
[1541-42]
Submissions.

QueneKatheryne beheded.

2 R

3H

King Henry the VIII.

THE XXXIII.
YERE
[1541-42]

2.

y~

Quene
Katherin and
the Lady
Rocheford
beheded.

arreigned at Westminster, the lorde Wylliam Hawarde and
his wife, which Lorde Wyllyam was Uncle to the Quene,
Katheryne Tilney whiche was of counsaill of her havyng to
dooe with Diram, Elizabeth Tilney, Bouliner, Restwould,
the Quenes women, and Walgrave, and Wyllyam Asby, and
Damport gentle menne, and servauntes to the olde Duches
of Norffolke, and Margaret Benet a Butter wyfe, all in
dited of misprision, for concealyng the evill demeanor of
the Quene, to the slaunder of the Kyng, and his succession :
all thei confessed it, and had Judgement to perpetuall prison,
and to lose their goodes, and the proffite of their landes,
duryng their lifes : howbeit shortely after, diverse of theim
wer delivered by the kynges Pardon.
The sixtene daie of January the Parliament began, in the
which the Lordes and Commons assented, to desire of the
kyng certain peticions. First, that he would not vexe him
self, with the Quenes offence, and that she and the lady
Rocheford, might be attainted by Parliament.
Also, because of protractyng of tyme, whiche the more
should bee to his unquietnes, that he would under his greate
Seale, geve his royall assent, without tariyng the ende of the
Parliament. Also, that Duram and Culpeper, before attainted by the
common law might also be attainted by Parliament.
Also, that Agnes Duches of Norffolke, and Katheryn
Countesse of Brigewater her daughter, whiche were for
concealyng the saied offence committed to the Tower and
Indited of misprision, and the lorde William and other,
arreigned of the same, might be likewise attainted.
Also, that whosoever had spoken or doen any act, in the
detestacion of her abhominable livyng, should be pardoned.
To the whiche peticions the kyng graunted, saiyng that
he thanked the Commons, that thei tooke his sorowe to bee
theirs : Whereupon the Quene and the Lady Rocheforde,
were attainted by bothe the houses. And on Saterdaie
beyng the leventh daie of February, the Kyng sent his
royall assent, by his greate Seale : and then all the Lordes
were in their Robes, and the Common house called up, and
there the acte redde, and his assent declared. And so on
the thirtene daie, these twoo Ladies were behedded on the
Grene, within the Tower with an axe, and confessed their
offences, and died repentaunt.
At

King Henry the VIII.

3*5

At this Parliament the Kyng was Proclaymed kyng of
Irelande, whiche name his predecessors never had, but wer
alwaies called lordes of Irelande.
In the beginnyng of Marche died sir Arthur Plantagenet
Viscount Lisle bastard to Kyng Edward the fourth, in the
tower of London unattainted, when he should have been
delivered and put at his liberty. And the twelve daye of
the saied moneth, sir Jhon Dudley sonne and heire to the
saied Lorde Lisles wife was at Westmynster created Viscount
Lisle. The Parliament sittyng, in Lent one George Ferreis
Bourgeoys for the toune of Plimmouth, was arested in
London upon a condempnacion, at the suite of one White.
Whereupon the Serjaunt at armes, of the Common house,
was sent to the Counter in Bredestrete to fetche hym : but
the Clerckes would not deliver hym, wherfore the Serjeaunt
and his manne, would have brought him awaie perforce.
Diverse of the Shirifes officiers there present, withstoode the
Serjeaunt, so that they fell to quarellyng, and the Serjeauntes
man was sore hurte. After the Fraie ended, the Shirifes
of London whose names wer Rowland Hill, and Henry
Suckely came to the Counter, and first denied the deliver'ye
of the prisoner, howbeit afterward they delivered hym. But
this matter was so taken in the Common house, that the
Shirifes and the Clercke, and five Officiers, and the partie
plaintife were sent to the tower, and there laye twoo daies, and
were delivered agayn by the Speaker and Common house.
Although I have not used muche to declare of privat
thynges doen, in other forrein Realmes, yet will I now tell
of one because the thyng was so reported to me, and the
matter it self so written and delivered me, that I must nedes
judge it to be a truthe, and the like in al this woorke is not
expressed, therfore I purposed woorde by woorde, as it was
writen unto me, here to expresse it. The matter is of a
certein Gentleman in Scotlande, who for contemning of the
Bisshop of Romes usurped aucthoritie, and for praisyng and
commendyng the affaires and procedinges of Englande, and
reprovyng the naughtie life of the Scottishe Clergie, was, as
an hereticke accused, and convented before diverse of theim,
as after maie appere, there to make answere to suche Articles
as should bee objected against hym. He knowyng their
accustomed favor, fled from theim into Englande. Agaynst whom

THE XXXIII.
YERE
[1541-42]
The Kyng
Proclaymed
kyng of
Irelande.

GeorgeFerreys.

316

King Henry the VIII.

THE XXXIII.
YERE
[1541-42]
Sir Jhon
Borthwike.

whom after he was gone, they proceded in suche sort, as by
this that foloweth whiche is the true copie of the processe
maie appere.
Sir Jhon Borthwike, commonly called Capitain Borthwike,
accused, suspected, defamed and convicted by witnesses,
whiche were men of suche honestie, against whom could
none exception bee taken, the yere of our lorde, a thousande
five hundred and fourtie, the xxviii. day of May in the
Abbay of sainct Androwes, in the presence of the moste
worshipfuU fathers in Christ, Gawyn Archebishoppe of
Glasgue, Chauncellor of Scotlande, William of Aberdowyn,
Henry Bishoppe of Galloway and of the Kynges Chapell of
Sterlyng, Jhon Bishoppe of Brecth. William bishop of
Dunblan : Andrew Abbot of Melros, George Abbot of
Dumfermelyng, Jhon Abbot of Paslay, Jhon Abbot Lun-
dros, Robert Abbot of Kyllos, and Willyam Abbot of
Culros : Malcolme Prior of Whitytern, and Jhon Prior of
Pettywerin, Master Alexander Balfour Vicar of Kylmane,
and Rector of the Universitie of sainct Androwes. And
afore the cunnyng Masters, Master Jhon Mair, and Master
Peter Chapilain, professors, and doctors of Divinitee,
Master Marten Balfour, Bachelar of Divinitie, and of
the lawe, and Officiall principall of sainct Androwes, Jhon
Wyrem Supprior, Jhon Wannand, and Thomas Cunnyn-
gham, Chanones of the Abbay of sainct Androwes,
Jhon Thomson with his felowe, Prior of the blacke
Friers of sainct Androwes, Jhon TuUydaff Wardein of
the Grey Friers, of S. Androwes, and Jhon Patersone,
vicar of the same covent. And also before the noble
mightie and right worshipfuU lordes, George Erie of
Huntley, James erle of Arrain, Willyam erle Marshall,
William erle of Montrosse, Malcolme lorde Flemmyng,
Chamberlain of Scotlande, Jhon lorde Lindesay, Jhon lorde
Erskyn, George lorde Seiton, Hugh lorde Symervall, sir
James Homilton of Finnard, Walter lorde of S. Jhones
of Torphecten knightes, master James Foules of Colynton
clerke of the Register, to our moste sovereigne Lorde the
Kyng and many and diverse and sondery other lordes,
barons, and honest persones, required to be witnesses in
the premisses, doth affirme that he hath holden these
errors folowyng, openly taught them, and instructed
them, that is to saie. First,

King Henry the VIII.

3l7

First, that our moste holiest lorde the Pope, the Vicar of
Jesu Christ, cannot have nor exercise any more aucthoritie
emongest christians, then any other bishop or priest.
Secondly, that Indulgences and Pardons, graunted by our
moste holiest lorde the Pope, is of no value strength and
efficacie, but utterly to the abusion of the people, and the
deceivyng of our soules.
Thirdly, he saied that the Pope was a Simoniack, ever
sellyng gyftes, and that all priestes might mary.
. Fourthly, that al Englishe heresies (as thei are called)
or at the least, the greater and better part observed by
Englishemen, hath been and is good, and to be observed
by christen men, as true and consonant to the law of
God : in so much that he perswaded very many people to
accept the same.
Fifdy, that the people of Scotlande, and the clergie therof
hath been and is utterly execated and blinded, by affirmation
that thei had not the true catholike faith, affirmyng and
openly saiyng, that his faith was of more value and better,
then all the Ecclesiasticalles, of the realme of Scotland.
Item, likewise accordyng unto tholde opinions, of Jhon
Wiclief and Hus, heresiarches and Master heretikes, con
dempned in the counsail of Constantine, he hath affirmed
and farther declared, that Ecclesiasticall persones, should
not possesse, have nor enjoye, any temporall possessions
neither exercise jurisdiction, or any kynd of aucthoritie in
temporall matters, neither upon their awne subjectes, but
that all should utterly bee taken awaie from them, as it is
in these daies in Englande.
Item, he hath saied, holden, and affirmed falsely, and
contrary to the honor, state, and reverence, of our sacred
kynges majestye of Scodande that our kynges majestie of
Scotland, the moste clerest defendor of the christian faith,
would contrary to the lawe and libertie of the holy churche,
vendicat and chalenge unto his private uses, all ecclesiasticall
possessions, landes, and yerely rentes, geven by his fore
fathers, and also by hymselfe, and to inforce this matter he
hath also by writyng perswaded our moste noble kyng, with
all his endevor.
Item, he hath willed and sought, and many times hath
desired hartely that the Churche of Scodande should come,
and be brought to the same poynt and ende, and to suche like

THE XXXIII.
YERE
[1541-42]

2.

5-

3*8

King Henry the VIII.

THE XXXIII.
YERE
[1541-42] 9-

11.

13-

like fai, as the Churche of England, is now come to in
deede. Item, he hath saied, affirmed, and taught openly, the
Cannon lawes and the Decrees of our holy fathers, approved
by the Catholike and apostolike Churche, is of no valewe
nor strength, bryngyng in and affirmyng the same, for to be
made and set furth, contrary to the lawe of God.
Item, he hath saied holden and affirmed many waies that
no religion should be kept, but that should bee abolished and
destroyed, and to bee as it is now destroyed in Englande,
and vilepending all holy Religion, affirmyng it to bee an
abusion of the people, whose clothyng sheweth manifestly,
to be deformed monsters, havyng no utilitie or holines,
bryngyng in by this and perswadyng, asmuche as in hym
lay, all adherentes of his opinion, that all the religion in this
realme of Scotlande, should be destroyed and utterly taken
awaie, to the moste greatest losse of the Catholike Churche,
and to the deminishyng of Christen religion.
Item, it is plainly knowen by lawfull probations, that the
same Jhon Borthwike, hath had and actually hath, diverse
bokes suspect of heresy dampned, aswell by the Papall, as
by the Regall and ordinary aucthorities forbidden (that is to
saie) firste of all the newe Testament in Englishe, printed in
Englande, CEcolampadius, Melancthon, and diverse tractes
of Erasmus, and other condempned heretickes, and also the
boke of Unio Discidentium, conteinyng moste manifest errors,
and that he hath red, studied, and communicated, and pre
sented the same to other men, aswell openly as privatly, and
that he hath instructed and taughte, very many Christians
in the same, to the effect, to turne them from the very true
and Catholike faithe.
Item, it is openly knowen, the same Jhon Borthwike, to
bee so stubburne in all these foresaid errors and heresies,
and to have susteined and taught the same, with suche an
indurate mynde, so that he would not declyne by no
maner of meanes from the same, for diverse of his frendes,
and persons whiche loved hym, and would have had hym
convert, to the catholike faithe, neither would he consent
to theim in any wyse, but rather unmoveably persist in his
errors. For the whiche said articles, and many other errors holden,
saied, publicated and taught by hym and (as the common voyce

King Henry the VIII. 319

voyce is) which he stil holdeth and teacheth, the forsaid
Jhon Borthwike to bee taken, holden, and coumpted as an
Heretike, and a Master heretike, and as a very evil judger
of the holy faithe.
Therfore we David of the tide of sainct Stephyn in the
mount Celo of the holy churche of Rome priest Cardinall,
Archebyshop of saint Androwes, Primate of this whole
realme of Scotlande and of the Apostolike seate Legate
create, syttyng in our seate of justice in nature of Judges,
the holy Evangelistes of God set afore us, that our judge
mentes procede from the sight of God, and our iyes must
loke to equitie, having onely God and the catholike faith
afore our iyes, the name of God being called upon and
folowyng the counsayll aswell of the devines as lawyers, this
foresaied Jhon Borthwike called capytain Borthwike con
dempned of the foresaid heresies, accused, suspected and
infamed by lawfull probacions had and brought against hym
in all the foresaides, convicted, cited, called and not appear-
yng but absentyng hym selfe lyke a runaway : Therfore let
us thinke, pronounce, and declare hym to be convicted and to
be punyshed worse then an heretike. And further more all
his movables and unmovables by whatsoever title they be
gotten and in whatsoever parties they lye, they to be geven
to the secular power. And all offices had by dower or by
his wyfe to be confiscat and spent to the use and custome of
the lawe. Also we do declare by these presentes the image
of the foresayed Jhon to be made to the likenes of hym, and
to be brought into the metrapolitan Churche of sainct An
drewes and after that to the market crosse of the citie, there
to be brent as a sygne and a memoriall of his condemnyng to
the example and feare of all other. Lykewise we do declare
that if the same Jhon be taken within our lyberties to be
punyshed accordyng to the lawe of heretikes. Also we
warne all true belevers in Christ of whatsoever state and
condition they bee, that they from this daie do not receive or
admit into their houses, tentes, villages or tounes Jhon Borth
wike to eate or to drinke or to preferre any kynd of humanitie
in paine of such like punishment : Further, if there be any
founde culpable in these foresaied that they shalbe accused
as fautours and maintayners of heretiques, and they shalbe
punished accordyng to the law. This sentence red and made
and put in writyng in the Metrapolitan Churche of sainct
Androwes

THE XXXIII.
YERE
[1541-42]
The sentence
or judge
ment.

32°

King Henry the VIII.

THE XXXIII.
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A declara-
cion of the
cause of
warre wyth
Scotland set
forth by the
kyng.

Androwes we sittyng in our Tribunals seate, the yere of our
Lord 1540, the xxviii. day of Maye drawen out of the
Regester made against heretikes and agreyng with the
sentence of Jhon Borthwike.

THE XXXIIII. YERE.
IN this yere James erle of Desmond came to the kyng
and was honorably entertained and wel rewarded.
And in September the great Onele came to the kyng
to Grenewyche, where he and a capitaine of the North partes
of Irelande called Magannysse and the Byshop of Cloar, made
their submission in writing, confessyng their offences, and
promisyng to serve the kyng and his heires truely : whiche
submission by the kyng consydered, he upon the first daie of
October created at Grenewyche the saied sir Eustace Onele
called greate Onele (because he was the chiefe of his linage
called Onele) Erie of Tereowen, commonly called Tyron
and gave hym a great chayne, and made Magannysse and his
cosyn knightes and gave them both chaynes, and he gave to
the lord Mathias sonne to the erle, the Barony of Duncan.
At this ceason the kynges Majestie prepared for warre
into Scotlande : the cause why this warre was made is moste
manifestly declared by that whiche foloweth, which the
kynges Majestie published by this title, A declaration con-
teignyng the just causes and consideracions of this present warre
with the Scottes : wherin also appeareth the true and ryght title
that the kynges moste royall majestie hath to his sovereigntie of
Scotland. And it begynneth thus.
Beyng now enforced to the warre, whiche we have
alwayes hytherto so muche abhorred and fled, by our neigh
bour and Nephieu the kyng of Scottes, one, who above all
other, for our manifolde benefites towardes him, hath moost
just cause to love us, to honour us, and to rejoyce in our
quietnes : We have thought good to notifie unto the worlde
his doynges and behavour in the provocacion of this warre,
and likewise thee meanes and wayes by us used to exchue
and advoide it, and the just and true occasions, wherby we
be now provoked to prosecute the same, and by utteraunce
and divulgyng of that matter, to disburden some part of
our

King Henry the VIII. 321

our inwarde displeasure and griefe, and the circumstaunces
knowen, to lament openly with the worlde, the infidelitie of
this tyme, in whiche thynges of suche enormitie do brest out
and appeare.
The kyng of Scottes our Nephieu and neighbour, whom
we in hys youth and tender age preserved and maintained
from the greate daunger of other, and by our authoritie and
power conduced him safely to the reall possession of his
estate, he nowe compelleth and forceth us for preservacion
of our honoure and right to use our puissaunce and power
against hym. The like unkyndnes hath bene heretofore
shewed by other in semblable cases against Goddes lawe,
mannes lawe, and all humanitie : but the oftener it chaunceth,
the more it is to be abhorred, and yet in the persones of
princes for the raritie of theim can so happen but seldome,
as it hath nowe come to passe.
It hath bene very rarely and seldome sene before, that a
kyng of Scottes hath had in mariage a daughter of Englande :
We can not, ne will not reprehende the kyng our fathers act
therein, but lament and bee sory it toke no better effect.
The kyng our father in that matter mynded love, amitie, and
perpetuall frendship betwene the postery of both, which how
sone it fayled, the death of the kyng of Scottes, as a due
punishment of God for his injust invasion into this our
realme, is and shalbe a perpetuall testimony to their reproche
for ever, and yet in that present tyme could not the unkynd-
nesse of the father extinguyshe in us the naturall love of our
Nephieu his sonne, beyng then in the miserable age of tender
youth : but we than forgetting the displeasure that should
have worthyly provoked us to invade that realme, noryshed
and brought up oure Nephieu to achieve his fathers posses
sion and governement, wherein he nowe so unkyndly useth
and behaveth hym towardes us, as he compelleth us to take
armour and warre against hym.
It is specially to be noted, upon what groundes, and by
what meanes we be compelled to this warre, wherein among
other is our chiefe griefe and displeasure, that under a coloure
of fayre speche and flatteryng wordes, we be in dedes so
injured, contempned and dispised, as we ought not with
sufferaunce to pretermitte and passe over. Wordes, writ-
inges, letters, messages, ambassates, excuses, allegations,
could not more plesauntly, more gently, ne more reverently be

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be devised and sent, then hath bene made on the kyng of
Scottes behalfe unto us, and ever we trusted the tree would
bryng forth good fruite, that was of the one partie of so
good a stocke, and continually in apparaunce put forth so
faire buddes : and therfore would hardely beleve or geve
eare to other, that ever alleged the dedes of the contrary,
beyng neverthelesse the same dedes so manyfest, as we must
nedes have regarded theim, had we not bene so lothe to
thynke evyll of our Nephieu, whom we had so many wayes
bounde to be of the best sorte toward us. And therefore
havyng a message sent unto us the yere past from our saied
Nephieu, and a prdmyse made for the repairing of the said
kyng of Scottes unto us to Yorke, and after great prepara
cion on our part made therfore, the same metyng was not
onely disappointed, but also at our beyng at Yorke, in the
lieu thereof, an invasion made by oure saied Nephieu his
subjectes into our realme, declaryng an evident contempt and
dispite of us : We were yet glade to impute the defaute of
the metyng to the advise of his counsaill, and the invasion to
the lewdnes of his subjectes : And accordyng thereunto gave
as benigne and gentle audience to suche ambassadours, as re
paired hither at Christmas afterwarde, as if no suche causes
of displeasure had occurred, specially consyderyng the good
woordes, swete woordes, pleasaunt woordes, eftsones pro
poned by the saied Ambassadours, not onely to excuse that
was past, but also to persuade kyndnes and perfite amitie to
ensue. And albeit the kyng of Scottes havyng contrary to
the article of the league of amitie, received and enterteigned
suche rebelles, as were of the chiefe and principle, in stirryng
the insurrecion in the North against us wyth refusall before
tyme, upon request made to restore the same : yet never
thelesse upon offer made the sayde Ambassadors, to sende
commission to the bordures, to determyne the debates of
the confines in the same, wyth so great a pretence of amitie
and so fayre woordes as could be in speche desired : we
were content for the tyme to forebeare too presse them over
extremely in the matier of rebelles. Albeit we never re
mitted the same, but desyrous too make triad of our sayde
Nephieu in some correspondence of dedes, condescended to
thee sendyng of commissioners to the borders, whyche to our
greate charge we dyd, and thee kynge of Scottes our sayde
Nephieu the semblable. Where after great travaile made
^_^^ by

King Henry the VIII.

3^3

by our commissioners, this fruit ensued, that beyng for our
parte chalenged a piece of our grounde, plainely usurped by
the Scottes, and of no greate value, beyng also for the same
shewed suche evidence, as more substancial, more autentique,
more plaine and evident, can not be brought furth for any
part of grounde wythin our realme. The same was never-
thelesse by theym denyed, refused, and the evidence onely
for thys cause rejected, that it was made (as they alleged) by
Englishemen. And yet it was soo auncient, as it could not
be counterfaite nowe, and the value of the grounde so lytle,
and of so small wayte, as no manne would have attempted
to falsifie for suche a matter. And yet thys denial beyng in
thys wyse made unto our commissioners, they neverthelesse
by our commaundement departed as frendes fro the com
missioners of Scotiand, takyng order as hath been accus
tomed for good rule upon the borders in the meane tyme.
After whiche their recesse, the lorde Maxwell, Warden of
the West Marches of Scotland, made prodamacion for good
rule, but yet added therwith, that the borderers of Scotlande
should withdrawe their goodes from the borderers of Eng
lande : And incontinently after the Scotishe men borderers,
the fowerth of July, entred into our realme sodaynly, and
spoyled our subjectes, contrarye to our leagues, even after
suche extremitie, as it had been in tyme of open warre.
Whereat we muche mervailed, and were compelled therefore
to furnishe our border wyth a garison for defence of the
Where upon the kyng of Scottes sent unto us James

same.

Leyrmouth, Master of his houshold, wyth letters devised in
the moste pleasaunt maner, offeryng redresse and reforma
cion of all attemtates. And yet neverthelesse at the entry
of the sayde Leyrmouth into Englande, a great nombre of the
Scottes, then not looked for made a forrey into our borders,
to the great annoyaunce of our subjectes, and to their ex
treme detriment, wherewith and wyth that unsemely dissimu
lation, we were not a litle moved, as reason would we should.
And yet did we not finally so extremely persecute and continue
our sayd displeasure, but that we gave benigne audience to
the sayde Leyrmouth, and suffered ourselfe to be somewhat
altred by hys woordes and fayre promises, tendyng to the
perswasion that we ever desired, to fynde the kyng of
Scottes suche a Nephieu unto us, as our proximitie of bloud,
wyth our gratuitie unto hym, did require. In

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In the meane tyme of these faire woordes, the dedes of
the borders were as extreme as myght be, and our subjectes
spoyled : and in a roade made by Sir Robert Bowes for a
revenge therof, the same Sir Robert Bowes with many other
taken prisoners, and yet deteined in Scotland, without
puttyng them to fyne and raunsome, as hath be ever accus
tomed. And beyng at the same tyme assureaunce made
on both sydes at the suite of the said Leyrmouth for a
season : the Scottes ceassed not to make sundry invasions
into our realme in such wise, as we were compelled to forget
fayre wordes, and onely to consider the kyng of Scottes
dedes, whiche appeared unto us of that sorte, as they ought
not for our dutie in defence of our subjectes, ne could not
in respect of our honour, be passed over unreformed : and
therefore put in a readinesse our armye, as a due meane
wherby we might atteigne suche a peace, as for the safegard
of our subjectes we be bounde to procure.
After whiche preparacion made, and knowledge had therof,
the kyng of Scottes ceassed not to use his accustomed meane
of fayre woordes, whiche in our naturall inclination wrought
eftsones their accustomed effect, evermore desirous to fynde
in the kyng of Scottes suche a regard and respect to be
declared in dedes as the correspondence of naturall love in
the Nephieu to suche an Uncle, as we have shewed our self
towardes hym, doth require. Wherfore upon newe request
and suite made unto us, we determined to staie our armye at
Yorke, appoyntyng the duke of Norffolke our Lieutenaunt,
the lorde Previseale, the Byshop of Dureham, and the Master
of our horses, there to commen, treate and conclude with the
Ambassadours of Scotland, for an amitie and peace upon suche
condicions, as by reason and equitie were indifferent, wherby
the warre might be exchued, beyng by sundry invasion of
the Scottes then open and manyfest.
In this communicacion betwene our and theyr commys-
sioners, after divers degrees of commissions, shewed by the
Scottes, and finally one, that was by our commissioners
allowed, matiers were proponed for conclusion of amitie,
nothyng difficile or hard on our part, but so agreable to
reason, as the commissioners of Scotlande sayed, they doubted
not, but if it myght be brought to passe, that the kyng of
Scottes our Nephieu might have a metyng with us, all matters
should easely be componed and determined. Whereupon they

King Henry the VIII.

325

they left speakyng of any artycles of amitie, and the ambas
sadours of Scodand made much outward joy in communica
cion of metyng, thei shewed theimselfe in wordes, fassion
and behavour muche to delight in it, to rejoyce in it, and
therewith thought it easy and facile to be concluded and
accomplished, and for their part they toke it then for a
thyng passed, a thyng concluded, and moste certaine to take
effect, and onely desired syx daies to obteigne aunswere from
their Master, and our armye for that tyme to stay and go no
further : Whereunto our commissioners then agreed.
After these vi. dayes was sent a Commission out of Scot
land, with power to conclude a metyng precysely at suche a
place, as they knewe well we Would not, ne could not in
wynter observe and kepe, wherewith when our Commissioners
were miscontent, the Ambassadours of Scotland to relieve
that displeasure, and to tempre the matter, whereby too
wynne more tyme, shewed forth their instructions, wherein
libertie was geven to the Ambassadours to excede their com
mission in the appointment of the place, and to consent to
any other by our commissioners thought convenient, whiche
maner of procedyng, when our commissioners refused,
allegyng that they would not conclude a metyng with men,
havyng no commission thereunto : The Ambassadours of
Scodand upon pretence to send for a more ample and large
commission agreable to their instructions for appointment of
the place, obteined a delay of other syxe dayes, to send for
the sayd ample commission without restraint of place. And
after those syxe dayes they brought forth a newe commission,
made in a good fourme, and without exception : But there
with they shewed also newe instructions, conteinyng suche a
restrainte as the former commission did conteine, so as the
libertie geven to the commissioners in the commission was
now at the last removed and taken away by the instructions,
with addition of a speciall charge to the Ambassadours not
to excede the same.
And thus fyrst the Ambassadours of Scotland semed to
have wyl and desire to conclude a place semely and con
venient, whiche for want of commission they myght not do,
and at the last might have concluded a meting by vertue of
their commission, and then for feare of the commaundement
in their second instruccions they durst not. And so they
shewed their first instruccions partly to excuse their kyng, who

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who should seme secretely to wyll more than in the commis
sion he did openly professe.
And than with an ample commission from the kyng, they
shewed their secrete instruccions for defence of theimselfe,
why they proceded not according to their commission, not
caryng howe muche they charged therin their kyng, whose
faulte they disclosed to discharge theim selfe, trustyng that
by benefite of the Wynter approchyng, and the tyme lost in
their communicacion, their Master should be defended against
our power for this yere, without doyng for their part that
by honoure, ryght, lawe, and league they be oblyged and
bound to do. And in this meane tyme our subjectes taken
prisoners in Scotland could not be delivered upon any
raunsome, contrary to all custome and usage of the borders
in the tyme of peace and warre, and in this meane tyme
stayed a greate part of our armie already prested, and in
our wages to go forward. In this tyme Ambassadours (as
ye have heard) assembled to talke of an amitie and concluded
it not. The treatyng of amitie was put over by communi
cacion of a metyng.
The communicacion of meting was so handled by
alteracion of commission and instruccions on their behalfe,
as it appereth a plaine devise onely excogitate for a delay,
whiche hath geven us lyght, whereupon more certainly to
judge the kyng of Scottes inwarde affection towardes us,
whose dedes and woordes well wayed and considered, doeth
us plainely to understande, how he hath continually laboured
to abuse us with swete and plesaunt woordes, and to satisfie
the appetites of other at home and abrode with his unkynde
and displeasaunt dedes. In his woordes he professeth an in
soluble amitie, he allegeth kynred, he knowlegeth benefites,
only the faulte is that he speaketh an other language to all the
woorlde in dedes, and thereby so toucheth us in honoure and
denegacion of justice, as we bee inforced and compelled to
use the sworde, whiche God hath put in our hand as an
extreme remedy, wherby to obteigne both quietnes for our
subjectes, and also that is due unto us by right, pactes, and
leagues. We have patiently suffered many delusions, and notably
the last yere when we made preparacion at Yorke for his
repaire to us : But should we suffre our people and subjectes
to be so oft spoyled without remedy ? This is done by the
Scottes

King Henry the VIII.

327

Scottes whatsoever their wordes be. Should we suffre our
rebelles to be deteigned contrary to the leagues without
remedy? This is also done by theim whatsoever their
woordes be. Should we suffre our land to be usurped
contrary to our most plaine evidence, onely upon a wille,
pryde, and arrogancie of the other partie ? This is done by
them whatsoever their wordes be. And all these be over
presumpteously done against us, and geve suche signification
of their arrogancie, as it is necessary for us to oppresse it in
the beginning, lest thei should gather further courage to the
greater displeasure of us and our posteritie hereafter. And
yet in the intreatyng of this matter, if we had not evidently
perceived the lacke of suche affection as proximitie of bloud
should require, we would much rather have remitted these
injuries in respect of proximitie of bloud to our Nephieu,
then we did heretofore the invasion of his father. But
consideryng we be so surely ascertained of the lacke therof,
and that our bloud is there frorne with the cold ayre of
Scodand, there was never prince more violently compelled to
warre then we be, by the unkynde dealyng, unjust behavor,
unprincely demeanour of him that yet in nature is our
Nephieu, and in his actes and dedes declareth hymselfe not
to be moved there with, ne to have suche ernest regarde to the
observation to his pactes and leagues, ne suche respect to the
.interteinement of the administration of justice, as naturall
equitie byndeth, and conservation of amitie doeth require :
whiche we muche lament and be sory for, and use nowe our
force and puissaunce against hym, not for revengeaunce of our
i private displeasure (beyng so often deluded as we have bene)
but for recovery of our ryght, the preservation of our subjectes
from injuries, and the observacion of suche leagues as have
passed betwene us, fyrmely trustyng, that almightie God
under whome wee reigne, woll assist and aide our just
procedinges herein to the furtheraunce and advauncement
of the right, whiche we doubt not shall ever prevaile against
wrong, falsehead, deceipte and dissimulation.
Hitherto it appeareth how this present warre hath not
proceded of any demaunde of our right of superioritie,
whiche the kyng of Scottes have alwaies knowleged by
homage and fealtie to oure progenitours even from the
beginnyng : But this warre hath bene provoked and
occasioned upon present matter of displeasure, present injurie,

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injurie, present wrong ministred by the Nephieu to the
uncle moste unnaturally, and supported contrary to the
desertes of our benefites moste unkyndly. If we had
mynded the possession of Scotlande, and by the mocion of
warre to attaine the same, there was never kyng of this realme
had more oportunitie in the minoritie of our Nephieu. Ne
in any other realme a prince that hath more just title, more
evident title, more certain title, to any realme that he can
claime, then we have to Scotland, not devised by pretence
of mariage, nor imagined by covenaunt, or contrived by
invention of argument, but lineally descended from the
beginning of that estate establyshed by our progenitours,
and recognised successively of the kynges of Scotland by
dedes, woordes, actes, and writynges continually almoste
without interruption, or at the least intermission, till the
reigne of our progenitour Henry the VI. in whose tyme the
Scottes abused the civyle warre of this realme, to their
licence and boldnes, in omitting of their duty : whiche
for the proximitie of bloud betwene us, we have bene
slacke to require of them, beyng also of our selfe inclined
to peace, as we have ever bene alwayes glad, rather without
prejudice to omitte to demaunde our right, if it might
conserve peace, than by the demaundyng therof to bee sene
to move warre, specially against our neighbour, against our
Nephieu, against him, whom we have preserved from
daungier, and in such a tyme as it were expedient for
all Christendome to be unite in peace, wherby to be the
more able to resist the common enerny the Turke.
But for whatsoever considerations we have omitted to
speake hytherto of the matter, it is nevertheles true, that the
kynges of Scottes have alwayes knowleged the kynges of
England superiour lordes of the realme of Scotland, and
have done homage and fealtie for the same.
This appeareth fyrst by history, written by suche as for
confirmation of the truthe in memory, have truely noted
and signified the same. Secondly it appeareth by instru
mentes of homage made by the kynges of Scottes, and
divers notable personages of Scotland, at divers and sundry
tymes sealed with their seales, and remainyng in our
treasory. Thirdly it appeareth by Regesters and Recordes
judicially and autentiquely made, yet preserved for con
firmation of the same. So as the matter of title beyngmoste

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moste playne, is furnyshed also with all maner of evydences
for declaracion therof.
Fyrst as concernyng histories, whyche be called witnesses
of tymes, the lyght of truthe, and the life of memory, and
finally the convenient waye and meane, whereby thynges of
antiquitie may be brought to mennes knowlege, they shew
as playnly this matter as could be wyshed or required, with
suche a consent of writers, as could not so agree uppon
an untruthe, conteignyng declaracion of suche matter as
hath mooste evydent probabilitie and apparaunce. For as it
is probable and lykely, that for the better administration of
justice amonges rude people, two or mo of one estate might
be rulers in one countrey unite as this Isle is : so is it prob
able and likely, that in the beginnyng it was so ordred for
avoydyng discencion, that there should be one superior in
ryght, of whom the sayd estates should depend. Accordyng
wherunto we rede how Brute, of whom the Realme then
called Britayn tooke fyrst that name (beyng before that
ityme inhabited with Giauntes, people without ordre or
cyvilitie) had thre sonnes, Locrine, Albanact, and Camber,
and determinyng to have the whole Isle within the Occean
sea to be after governed by theim thre, appointed, Albanact
to rule that now is called Scotland, Camber the parties
of Wales, and Locrine that nowe is called England : unto
whom as being the elder sonne, the other two brethern
should do homage recognisyng and knowlegyng hym as
their superior. Nowe consider, if Brutus conquered all this
Hand, as the history saieth he did, and then in his awne
tyme made this order of superioritie as afore : how can
there be a title devised of a more plaine beginnyng, a more
just beginnyng, a more convenient beginnyng for the order
of this Hand, at that tyme specially when the people were
rude, whiche cannot without continuall strife and variaunce
conteine two or thre rulers in all pointes equall without any
maner of superioritie, the inward conscience and remorse of
whiche superioritie should in some part dul and diminishe
the perverse courage of resistence and rebellion. The
fyrst division of thys Isle we fynde it written after this
sort without cause of suspicion why they should write
amisse. And accordyng here unto we fynde also in his
tory set forth by divers, how for transgression against
this superioritie, our predecessours have chastised the kynges
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of Scottes, and some deposed, and put other in their
places. We will here omit to speake of the rudenes of the an-
tiquitie in particularitie, whiche they cared not distinctly to
commit to writyng, but some authors, as Anthonius Sabellicus
amonges other diligently enserchyng, what he might truely
wryte of all Europe, and the Handes adjoynyng, over and
besydes that whiche he writeth of the natures, maners, and
conditions of the Scottes, whiche who so lyst to rede, shall
fynde to have bene the very same in tymes paste, that we
fynde theym now at this present, he calleth Scotland part of
England, whiche is agreable to the division aforesayed, beyng
in dede as in the lande continuall without separacion of the
Sea, so also by homage and fealtie unite unto the same, as
by particuler declaracions shal moste manifestly appere by
the testymony of suche as have left writyng for profe and
confirmation thereof. In whiche matter passyng over the
death of kyng Humber, the actes of Dunwald kyng of this
realme, the devision of Belin and Brene, the victories of
kyng Arthur, we shall beginne at the yere of our Lorde
DCCCC. whiche is DCxlii. yeres past, a tyme of sufficient
auncientie, from which we shall make speciall declaracion and
evident profe of the execution of our right and title of supe
rioritie evermore continued and preserved hytherto.
Edward the first before the conquest, sonne to Alured
kyng of Englande had under his dominion and obedience the
kyng of Scottes. And here is to be noted, that this matter
was so notorious and manifest, as Maryon a Scot writyng
that story in those daies, graunteth, confesseth, and testifieth
the same, and this dominion continued in that state xxiii.
yere : At whiche tyme Athelstaine succeded in the croune
of England, and havyng by battayle conquered Scotlande, he
made one Constantyne kyng of that partie, to rule and
governe the countrey of Scotlande under hym, addyng this
princely worde, That it was more honoure to him to make a
kyng, then to be a kyng.
Xxiiii. yeres after that, whiche was the yere of our Lorde
Dccccxlvii. Eldred kyng our progenitour, Athelstaines
brother, toke homage of Irise then kyng of Scottes.
Xxx. yeres after that, whiche was in the yere of our lorde
Dcccclxxvii. kyng Edgar our predecessor toke homage
of Kinald kyng of Scottes. Here was a litle trouble in
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England by the death of S. Edward kyng and martir,
destroyed by the deceite of his mother in lawe : but yet
with in memory.
XI. yeres after the homage done by Kynald to kyng
Edgare, that is to say, in the yere of our lord M.xvii.
Malcolme kyng of Scottes did homage to Knute our pre
decessor. After this homage done the Scottes uttered some
pece of their naturall disposition, whereupon by warre made
by our progenitour sainct Edward the Confessor xxxix. yere
after that homage done, that is to say, the yere of our lord
M.lvi. Malcolme kyng of Scottes was vanquished, and the
realme of Scotland geven to Malcolme his sonne by our saied
progenitour sainct Edward : unto whome the saied Malcolme
made homage and fealtie.
Within xi. yeres after that Willyam Conqueror entred
this realme whereof he accoumpted no perfect conquest,
untill he had likewise subdued the Scottes, and therfore in
the saied yere, whiche was in the yere of oure Lorde M.lxviii.
the saied Malcolme kyng of Scottes dyd homage to the saied
Wyllyam Conqueror, as his superior by conquest kyng of
England. Xxv. yeres after that, whiche was in the yere of our Lord
M.xciii. the sayd Malcolme did homage and fealtie to
Wyllyam Rufus, sonne to the saied Wyllyam Conqueror :
and yet after that was for his offences and demerites deposed,
and his sonne substitute in his place, who lykewise fayled of
his dutie, and therefore was ordeined in that estate by the
said Willyam Rufus, Edgare brother to the last Malcolme,
and sonne to the first, who did his homage and fealtie
accordyngly. Seven yeres after that, whiche was in the yere of our
Lorde M.C. the saied Edgar kyng of Scottes, did homage
to Henry the fyrste, oure progenitour.
Xxxvii. yere after that David kyng of Scottes did homage
to Matilde the Emperatrice, as daughter and heire to Henry
the first. Wherefore beyng after required by Stephyn, then
obteigning possession of the realme, to make his homage,
he refused so to do, because he had before made it to the
saied Matilde, and therupon forbare. After which Davids
death, whiche ensued shortly after, the sonne of the saied
David made homage to the saied kyng Stephyn.
Xiiii. yeres after that, whiche was in the yere of oure
Lorde

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Lorde M.C1. Wyllyam kyng of Scottes, and David his
brother, with all the nobles of Scotland made homage to
Henry the secondes sonne, with a reservacion of their dutie
to Henry the second his father.
Xxv. yeres after that, whiche was in the yere of our Lorde
M.Clxxv. Wyllyam kyng of Scotlande, after muche rebellion
and resistence, accordyng to their natural inclination, kyng
Henry the seconde, than being in Normandy, Willyam
then kyng of Scottes knowleged finally hys errour, and made
his peace and composition, confirmed with his greate seale,
and the seales of the nobilitie of Scotlande, makyng there
with his homage and fealtie.
Within xv. yeres after that, which was the yere of our
lord M.C.lxxxx. the saied Willyam kyng of Scottes, came
to our citie of Cauntorbury, and there did homage to our
noble progenitour kyng Richard the first.
Xiiii. yeres after that, the saied Willyam did homage to
oure progenitour kyng Jhon, upon a hyll besides Lyncolne,
makyng his othe upon the crosse of Hubert then arche
byshop of Cauntorbury, beyng there present a marveilous
multitude assembled for that purpose.
Xxvi. yeres after that, whiche was in the yere of our lorde
M.CC.xvi. Alexander kyng of Scottes maried Margarete,
the daughter of oure progenitour Henry the III, at our citie
of Yorke, in the feast of Christmas : at whiche tyme the
saied Alexander dyd his homage to our saied progenitour :
who reigned in this realme lvi. yeres. And therfore be
twene the homage made by the saied Alexander kyng of
Scottes, and the homage done by Alexander, sonne to the
saied kyng of Scottes, to Edward the first at his Coronacion
at Westminster, there was aboute fyfty yeres at whiche tyme
the saied Alexander kyng of Scottes repayred to the saied
feast of coronacion, and there did his duetie as is aforesaied.
Within xxviii. yeres after that, whiche was the yere of our
lorde M.CC.lxxxii. Jhon Baliol kyng of Scottes, made his
homage and fealtie to the saied kyng Edward the first, our
progenitour. After this began Robert Bruse to usurpe the croune of
Scotlande, and to move sedition therfore, agaynst theim of
the house of Balioll, whiche made for a season some interrup
tion in the saied homage : but yet no intermission without
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was the yere of our lorde M.CCC.xxvi. Edward Baliol,
after a great victory had in Scotland against the other faction,
and enjoying the croune of Scodande, made homage to our
progenitour Edwarde the thyrd.
And xx. yeres after that, whiche was in the yere of our
lord M.CCC.xlvi. David Bruse, who was ever in the con
trary faction, dyd neverthelesse in the title of the croune of
Scotland, wherof he was then in possession, make homage
to our sayed progenitour Edward the third.
Within ix. yeres after this, Edward the third, to chastise
the infidelitie of the Scottes, made warre against theim :
where after greate victories, Edwarde Balioll havyng the
just and right tide to the Realme of Scotlande, surrendred
clerely the same to our sayed progenitour at the toune of
Rokysborough in Scotlande : where our sayd progenitour
accepted the same, and than caused hymselfe to be crouned
kyng of Scodand, and for a tyme enterteigned it, and en
joyed it, as very proprietary and owner of the realme, as on
thone partie by confiscation acquired, and on the other parte
by free will surrendred unto hym.
And then after the death of our sayd progenitour, Edward
the third, beganne seditions and insurreccions in this our
realme, in the tyme of our progenitour Rychard the second,
whiche was augmented by the alteration of the state of the
saied Rychard, and the devolution of the same, to Henry the
fowerth, so as the Scottes had some leysure to play their
vagues, and folowe their accustomed manier. And yet
Henry the V. for recovery of his ryght in Fraunce, com
maunded the kyng of Scottes to attende upon hym in that
journey. And in this tyme the realme of Scotlande beyng
descended to the house of the Stewardes, of whiche oure
Nephieu directly commeth, James Stewarde kyng of Scottes,
in the yere of our Lorde M.CCCC.xxiii. made homage to
Henry the sixt at Wyndsore. Whiche homage was distaunt
from the tyme of the other homage made by David Bruse
lx. yeres and more, but farre within the freshe memory of
man. All whiche homages and fealties as they appeare by storye
to have bene made and done at tymes and season as afore :
so do there remayne instrumentes made therupon and sealed
with the seales of the kynges of Scotland testifiyng the same.
And yet doeth it appere by story, howe the Scottes practised to

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to steale out of our treasurye dyvers of these instrumentes,
whiche neverthelesse were after recovered agayne. And too
the intent ye may knowe of what fourme and tenour the
saied instrumentes be, here is inserted the effecte in worde
and sentence as they be made, whiche we do, to mete with
the cavellacion and contrived evasion of the Scottes, allegyng
the homage to have bene made for the Earledome of Hunt-
yngton, which is as trew as the allegation of him that is
burnt in the hande, to saye he was cut with a sikle. And
therfore the tenour of the homage is this.
' I Jhon N. kyng of Scottes shall be trew and faithfull
' unto you lorde Edward by the grace of god kyng of
' England, the noble and superior lorde of the kyngdome
' of Scodand, and unto you I make my fidelitie of .the
' same kyngdome of Scotland, the which I hold, and claime
' to holde of you : and I shall beare to you my faith and
' fidelitie of life and lymme and worldly honour against all
' men, and faithfully I shall knowlege, and shal do to you
' service due unto you of the kyngdome of Scotland a fore-
' saied, as god so helpe and these holy evangelies.'
Now for the third parte touchyng recordes and registres,
wee have them so formall, so autentiquall, so seriously
handeled, and with such circumstaunces declaryng the
matiers as they be and ought to be a great corrobora
tion of that hath ben in stories writen and reported
in this matter. For a monges other thynges we have the
solempne act, and judicial processe of our progenitour
Edward the first, in discussion of the title of1 Scotland,
when the same was challenged by twelve competitours :
That is to say,

Florentius comes Holandie.
Patricius de Dunbar comes
de Merchia.
Willielmus de Vesti.
Willielmus de Ros.
Robertus de pinbeni.
Nicholaus de Soules.

Patritius Galightly.
Rogerus de Mundeville.
Jonnes de Comyn.
D. Joannes de Hastinges.
Joannes de Balliolo.
Robertus de Bruse.

Ercius rex Norwegie.
And finally, after a great consultacion and mature delibera
tion, with discussion of the allegations proponed on all parties,
sentence was geven for the title of Balliol, accordyng wher
unto he enjoyed the realme. But for confirmation of the
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dutie of the homage before that tyme observed by the kynges
of Scottes, it appereth in those recordes, how when those
competitours of the Realme of Scotlande repaired to oure
saied progenitour, as to the chief lorde for discussion of the
same, in as muche as the aucthoritie of the judgement to be
geven depended ther upon : It was than ordered, that the
whole parliament of Scotlande spirituall temporall and of all
degrees assembled for that purpose, and considering upon
what ground and foundacion the Kynges of Scotlande had
in tymes past made the saied homages and recognition of
superioritie, the saied parliament fyndyng the same good
and trew, should if thei so demed it, yeld and geve place,
and by expresse consent recognise the same. At whiche
parliament was alledged unto them, as apperth in the same
recordes, not only these actes of the princes before those
daies, and before rehersed : but also besides the testimony e
of stories, the writynges and letters of foreyn princes, at that
tyme recityng and rehersyng the same : Whereupon the
saied parliament did ther agree to this our superioritie, and
ensuyng their determinacion dyd particularly and severally
make homage and fealtie with Prodamacion, that whosoever
withdrue him selfe from doyng his duetie therein, should be
reputed as a rebell : And so all made homage and fealtie to
oure progenitour Edward the first. This Realme was in
the tyme of the discussion of the title ruled by Gardians
deputed by hym, al castels and holdes were surrendered to
him as to the superior lord, in the tyme of vacacion, bene-
fises, offices, fees, promotions passed in that tyme from the
mere gift of our saied progenitour, as in the right of this
croune of England, Shirifes named and appointed, writtes
and preceptes made, obeied, and executed : and finally all
that wee do nowe in the Duchie of Lancaster, the same dyd
our progenitour for the tyme of our contention for that
tide in the realme of Scotlande, by the consent of an agre
ment of all estates of the realme assembled and consulted
with for that purpose. At whiche tyme the bishopes of
sainct Andrewes and Glascoo wer not as thei now be arche-
bishopes, but recognised the archebishop of Yorke, whiche
extended over all that countrey.
Now if the Scottes wil take exception to the homage of
ther princes as made in warr and by force whiche is not
true : what will thei say or can thei for shame allege against ther

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ther awne parliament not of some but of all confirmed and
testefied by there writynges and seales ? wherunto nothyng
enforced them, but right and reason, beyng passed in peace
and quiet without armoure or compulsion. If thei say thei
did it not, they speake like them selfes, If thei say thei did it,
then do thei now like them self, to withdraw ther duetie, not
so much to be blamed, as to be amended.
Thus apereth unto you the begynnyng of the right of
superioritie, with a perpetuall continuaunce, without inter
mission within memorie, certayne omission and forbearyng
upon the groundes and occasions before specified we deny
not. Wherby thei have many tymes sought and taken there
oportunities, to withdraw the doyng of ther duetie in know
lege of our superioritie over them, which to avoyde, thei
have not cared what thei saied or alleged, though it wer
never so untrue : lyeng alwaies in a wait whan thei might
annoy this Realme, not without there awne great daunger,
peril, and extreme detryment. But as thei detracted the
doyng of their dutie, so god ever graunted unto this realme
force to compell them therunto within memorie, notwith-
standyng any their interruption by resistaunce, which unto
the tyme of our progenitor Henry the sixt never indured so
long as it made intermission within tyme of mynd wherby
the possession might seme to be enpaired from the time of
Henry the sixt unto the seventh yere of oure reigne, oure
Realme hath bene for a season lacerate and torne by diversitie
of titles tyll oure tyme and sithence by war outwardly vexed
and troubled : The storye is so lamentable for some parte
therof as were tedious to reherse.
Sythen the death of our progenitor, Henry the VI. our
Graundfather Edward the IIII. reigned, who after great
traveyls to attayne quietnes in his Realme, finally in the
tyme of preparation of warr agaynst Scotland, dyed.
Rycharde the III. then usurped for a small tyme in yeres,
whom the Kyng our father by the strength of Gods hand
overthrew in battayll, and most justly attayned the posses
sion of this Realme, who • neverthelesse after the great
tempestious stormes, fyndynge all matters not yet brought
to perfecte quyet and rest, ceassed and forbare to requyre
of the Scottes to do their duty, thinkyng it policy rather for
that tyme to assay to tame their nature by the pleasaunt
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them with their faulte, and requyre dutye of them, when
oportunitie served not, by force and feare to constrayne
and compell them.
And thus passed over the reigne of our father, without
demaunde of this homage. And beyng our reigne nowe
xxxiiii. yeres, we were xxi. yeres letted by our Nephieu his
minoritie, being then more careful how to bryng him out of
daunger, to the place of a king, then to receiue of him
homage when he had full possession of the same. Where
fore beyng now passed sithens the last homage made by the
king of Scottes to our progenitor Henry the VI. C.xxii.
yere, at which tyme the homage was done at Wyndesore by
James Stuard, then kyng of Scottes, as afore, lvi. of these
yeres the crowne of this Realme was in contention, the
trouble wherof engendred also some busynesse in the tyme
of the kyng our father, which was xxiiii. yere : And in our
tyme xxi. yere hath passed in the minoritie of our Nephieu.
So as finally the Scottes resortynge to their only defence of
discontinuaunce of possession, can only alledge jusdi but xiii.
yere of sylence in the tyme of our reygne, beynge all the
other tymes sythens the homage done by James Steward,
suche as the sylence in them had thei ben never so long,
could not have engendred prejudice to the losse of any
ryght, that may yet be declared and proved due. For what
can be imputed to Kyng Edward for not demaundyng
homage beynge in stryf for that estate, wherunto the
homage was due ? What should Rychard the III. serch for
homage in Scotland, that had neither ryght ne leasure to
have homage done unto hym in Englande? Who can
blame our father, knowyng the Scottes nature never to do
their dutie but for feare, yf he demaunded not that of them,
whych they woulde exchue if thei might, beyng his Realme
not clerely then purged from yll seede of sedition, sparkled
and scattered in the cruell civile warres before.
Lawe and reason serveth, that the passyng over of tyme
not commodious, that the purpose, is not allegeable in pre
scription for the losse of any ryght. And the minoritie of
the kyng of Scottes hath endured xxi. yeres of our reigne,
whiche beynge an impediment on their parte, the whole
prescription of the Scottes, yf the matter were prescriptible,
is thus deduced evidently to xiii. yere, which xiii. yere
without excuse we have ceassed and forborne to demaunde

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our dutie, lyke as the Scottes have lykewyse ceassed to offer
and tende the same. For which cause neverthelesse we doo
not enter this warre, ne mynded to demaunde anye suche
matter, nowe beyng rather desirous to rejoyce and take
comfort in the frendship of our Nephieu, as our neyboiire,
then to move matter unto hym of displeasure, wherby to
alienate suche naturall inclinacion of love, as he should
have toward us : But such be the workes of God, superior
over all, to suffer occasions to be minystred, wherby due
superioritie maye be knowen, demaunded and requyred, to
the entent that accordyng ther unto all thynges governed in
due ordre here, we may to his pleasure passe over this lyfe
to his honor and glorye : which he graunt us to doo, in
suche rest, peace and tranquilitie, as shalbe mete and
convenient for us.
When the Kyng had setfurth the Declaracion of the
cause of his war as is above mencioned, Then sent he
furth the duke of Norffolke Lieutenaunt generall, accom-
panyed with the Erles of Shrewisbury, Darby, Comberland,
Surrey, Hertford, Anguysh, Rutland, and the Lordes of the
North parties, and syr Anthony Browne Master of the
Kynges horsse, sir Jhon Gage Comptroller of the Kynges
house, and xx.M. men well appoynted, whych entered
Scotland the xxi. day of October, and taryed there, viii.
dayes without battell, and brent the townes of Paxton,
Ramrige, Styne, Gradyn, Shylles, Lang Ednem, Newton,
Skytshell, Newthorne, Smellem Spytde, the two Merdens,
Slederyke, and the two Broxlawes, Florys and the Fayre
Crofte, Ednem Spyttle, Roxborough, Kelsey and the
Abbey, Lang Spronstow, Ryden, and Hadenston. And
whyle the Duke was at Farneton in Scotlande the iiii. daie,
there came to speake with him halfe a myle from the Hoste,
from the kyng of Scottes, the Bishop of Orkeney and
James Leiremouth Maister of the houshold, to entreate
peace, but they agreed not. And the Armye laye so long
in Scotlande as they myght for honger and colde without
anye countenaunce of harme, and so for necessitie returned
to Barwycke. And all this journey the Standarde of the
Erie of Hampton which dyed at New Castell, was borne in
the forwarde, because he was appoynted Capitayne of the
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reysed an army of xv. thousand chosen men of all partes of
his realme under the guydyng of the Lorde Maxwell
Wardeyn of his west Marches, bosting to tary as long in
England as the Duke dyd in Scotland. And so on fridai
beyng s. Katheryns even, thei passed over the water of
Eske and brent certayne houses of- the Greves on the very
border. Thomas bastard Dacres with Jacke of Musgrave
sent word to sir Thomas wharton Wardein for the kyng on
the west Marches, to come on to succour them : but the
sayd ii. valiaunt Captayns, although the Scottes entered
fiersly, yet thei manfully and coragiously set on theim,
with an C. light horsse, and left a stale on the side of a
hill, where withal the Scottes wer wonderfully dismaide,
either thinkyng that the duke of Norffolke, had been
come to the west Marches, with his great army : or els
thei thought that some greater armie came, when they
espied sir Thomas Wharton, commyng with iii.C. men
onely. But at that tyme, so God ordeined it to be, that
thei at the first bront fled, and thenglishemen folowed, and
there wer taken prisoners therles of Casselles, and Glan-
carne, the lorde Maxwell, Admirall and Wardein, the
lorde Flemmyng, the lorde Somerwell, the lorde Oliphant,
the lorde Gray, sir Oliver Senclere, the kynges minion,
Jhon Rosse lorde of Oragy, Robert Eskyn sonne to the
lord Eskyn, Carre Lorde of Gredon, the Lorde Maxwelles
twoo brethren, Jhon Lesley Bastard to the Erie of Rothus,
and twoo hundred gentlemenne more, and above eight
hundred common people, in so muche that some one man,
yea, and women had three or foure prisoners. They toke
also twentie and foure gonnes, foure cartes with speares, and
ten pavilions. This was onely the handstroke of God, for
the Cardinal of Scotlande promised them heaven, for destruc
tion of Englande.
The kyng of Scottes tooke a greate thought, for this dis
comfiture, and also because that an Englishe Herauld called
Somerset was slain at Dunbarre, whiche thynges together he
tooke so unpaciently that he died in a Frenesy. Although
many reported that the kyng hymself was at this bickeryng,
and there received his deathes wounde, and fled therwith into
Scotlande. But howsoever it was, true it is as is aforesaied
he died, and the Quene his wife was delivered of a daughter,
on our lady Even before Christmas, called Mary. Of the
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prisoners aforesaied twentie and foure of the chief of theim,
were brought up to the Tower of London, and there were
twoo daies. And on Saincte Thomas daye the Apostle before
Christmas, they were solemply conveighed through London
to Westminster, where the Kynges counsaill sat, and there
the Lorde Chauncellor, declared to theim their untruthe,
unkyndenes, and false dissimulacion, declaryng farther how
the kyng had cause of warre against them, bothe for the
deniyng of their homages, and also for their traiterous
invasions without defiaunce, and also for kepyng his
subjectes prisoners without redemption, contrary to the
olde Lawes of the Marches, for whiche doynges, God as
they might perceive had skourged theim : Howbeit the
kyng more regardyng his honor, then his princely power,
was content to shewe to theim kyndenes, for unkyndenes,
and right for wrong. And although he might have kept
theim in straite prison, by juste lawe of Armes, yet he was
content that thei should have libertie, to bee with the nobles
of his Realme, in their houses. And so accordyng to their
estates, thei wer appoynted to Dukes, Erles, Bishoppes,
Knightes, and other Gentlemen, whiche so entreteigned
theim that thei confessed theimselfes, never to bee better
enterteigned, nor to have had greater chere.
But after their newe gladnes, tidinges came to them, of
the dea-th of their Kyng, whiche thei sore lamented, and
hearyng that he had lefte an onely daughter his heire, thei
wisshed her in Englande, to bee maried to the Prince the
kynges sonne. The kyng and his Counsaill, perceivyng the
overture nowe to bee made, whiche waie without warre
these twoo realmes might bee brought into one, sent for
all the prisoners fewe lackyng, to his Manor of Hampton
Court, on sainct Stephens daie, where thei wer so wel
enterteigned, bothe of the kyng and his nobles, that thei
saied, thei never sawe kyng but hym, and saied that God
was better served here, then in their countrey : howbeit
their Kirkmen preached, that in Englande was neither
Masse, nor any service of God. And thei promised the
kyng, to doo all that in theim laie with their frendes to
performe asmuche as he required. Whereupon not without
greate rewardes, thei departed towarde Scotlande, on Newe
yeres daie, and by the waie thei sawe the Prince, and came
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delivered theim, and so thei entered Scodand and wer well
and gladly welcomed.
Likewise therle of Angus, which was banished Scotlande,
and had of the kynges Fee, yerely a thousande marke, and
sir George Douglas his brother had five hundred marke.
These wer accepted into Scotland, and restored by the last
kynges will, and therle of Angus and diverse of the Lordes
that were prisoners, were made of the privie counsail of the
realme, by the Erie of Arrein, Governour of the young
Quene, and the realme as next heire apparaunt : notwith-
standyng that the Archebishop of Sainct Androwes and
Cardinall, enemye mortall to the Kyng and realme of
Englande for the Bishoppe of Romes aucthoritie (and
partly set on by the Frenche kyng, for the same cause)
had forged a will, that the kyng had made hym Governour,
associate with twoo Erles of his affinitie, bothe of the Realme,
and of the young Quene, contrary to the Lawes of Scotlande.
Wherupon the saied Erie of Arrain, accordyng to his right,
with the helpe of his frendes, tooke upon hym the rule of
Governour, and put the saied false Cardinal in prison, and
delivered sir Robert Bowes and other prisoners, by their
bandes, accordyng to the custom of the Marches. And
so in Marche next folowyng, the Scottes beganne their
Parliament. All this yere there was neither perfite peace, nor open
warre betwene Englande and Fraunce, but Shippes were
taken on bothe sides, and Merchantes robbed. And at the
laste the Marchantes goodes on bothe parties were seazed,
and likewyse the Ambassadours of bothe Realmes were staied :
howbeit shordy after, the Ambassadours wer delivered, but
yet the Marchauntes wer robbed, and no warre proclaimed.
In the ende of this yere, came from the Governour of
Scodande as Ambassadours, sir William Hambelton, James
Leyremouthe, and the Secretory of Scotland, whose message
was so meanely liked, that thei were fain to sende an Herauld
into Scotlande, for other Ambassadors, and so hether came
the erle of Glancarn, and sir George Douglash : and whatso
ever their answere was, sir George returned in Poste, and
within twentie daies, came agayn with an honest answere, but
that honestie endured a small tyme.

THE

THE XXXIIII
YERE
[1542-43]

34^ King Henry the VIII.

THE XXXV.
YERE
[1543-44]

Laundersey.

Foure persons
condempned.

THE XXXV. YERE.
IN the beginning of this yere on Trinitie Sondaie, was
a newe League sworne, betwene the Kyng and the
Emperour, at Hampton Courte, to bee frendes to
their frendes, and enemyes to their enemies.
The thirde daie of June came to the Courte, from the
Realme of Irelande, the Lorde Obryn, the Lorde Macke
Willyam Brough, the Lorde Macke Gilpatricke. And in
July the saied Obryn was created Erie of Townon, and
Lorde Macke Willyam, was created Erie of Claurikard,
and sir Dunon Obryn was made Baron of Ebranky, and so
with rewardes they tooke their leave, and returned. Also
the same Monethe, the Scottishe Ambassadours returned
with greate rewardes.
At this season the Kyng and the Emperoure, sent Garter
and Toyson Kynges at Armes, to demaunde certayne thynges
of the Frenche Kyng, whiche if he dyd deny, then to defie hym,
but he would not suffer theim to come within his lande, and
so they returned. Whereupon the saied demaundes, were
shewed to the Ambassadoure at Westminster. And in July
the Kyng sent over sixe thousande tall menne, whereof was
Capitain generall, sir Jhon Wallop, and sir Thomas Seymour
Marshall, and sir Richarde Cromewell Capitain of the horsse
menne, whiche assaulted a Toune called Laundersey, unto
the whiche assaulte came the Emperoure in proper person.
And shortely after came doune the Frenche Kyng in proper
persone, with a greate armye, and offered the Emperoure
battail, by reason whereof the siege was reysed, and streight
the Frenche menne victayled the Toune, whiche was the
onely cause of their commyng. For the nexte daie, the
Emperoure beeyng ready, at the houre appoynted to geve
battaill, and the Frenchemenne made greate shewe, as though
thei would have come forwarde, but they dalied of all that
Daye, and in the Night they ranne awaye, and trusted some
to their Horsses, and some to their legges like tall felowes.
In this yere, the kyng maryed Lady Katherin par wydow,
late wyfe to the Lorde Latymer, at Hampton Court.
In this Monethe were Indited, arraigned and condempned
at new Wynsore, foure menne that is to saye, Anthony Persone

King Henry the VIII.

343

Persone Prieste, Robert Testwood Syngyng manne, Henry
Filmer Taylor, and Jhon Marbeck Syngyng manne. All
these menne were at one tyme, as is aforesaied, arreigned
and condempned of Heresie, by force of the sixe Articles.
The Heresies that they were condempned for, were
these as thei are alleged in their Inditementes : Firste,
that Anthony Persone should Preache twoo yere before he
was arreigned, in a place called Wynkefelde, and there
should saie. That like as Christe was hanged betwene two
Thefes, even so when the prieste is at Masse, and hath
consecrated, and lifteth hym up over his hedde, then he
hangeth betwene twoo Thefes, excepte he Preache the
woorde of God truly, as he hath taken upon hym to do.
Also, that he saied to the people in the Pulpet, ye shal not
eate the body of Christe, as he did hang upon the Crosse,
gnawyng it with youre teethe, that the bloud ronne about
your lippes, but tyou shal eate it this daie, as ye eate it
to morow, the next daie and every daie, for it refresheth not
the body, but the spirite.
Also, after he had preached and commended the Scripture,
calling it the woorde of God, saied as foloweth. This is
the woorde, this is the bread, this is the body of Christ.
Also he saied that Christe sittyng with his disciples, tooke
bread and blessed it, and brake it, and gave it to his Disciples
saiyng. This is my fleshe, take it and eate it : and like wise
tooke the Wyne and blessed it, and gave it to his Disciples
saiyng, take it and drynke it : This is my bloudde : What is
this to us, but to take the Scripture of God, and to breake it
to the people.
Item, Henry Filmer the Taylour arraigned of this Article,
that he should saie. That the sacrament of the Aultare is
nothyng but a similitude and a Ceremony. And also, if God
be in the Sacrament of the aultare, I have eaten twentie
Goddes in my life.
Robert Testwoode arreigned of this Article, that he should
saye in the tyme that the Prieste was liftyng up the Sacra
ment, what, wilte thou lifte hym up so high, what yet
higher, take hede, let hym not fall.
Jhon Marbecke arreigned, for that he had with his awne
hande, gathered out of diverse mennes writynges, certayn
thynges that were expresly against bothe the Masse, and
the Sacrament of the Aultar. These

THE XXXV.
YERE
[1543-44]

AntonyPerson.

HenryFilmer.

Robert
Testwood.

Jhon Marbecke.

344 King Henry the VIII.

THE XXXV.
YERE
[1543-44]

Doctor London.WyllyamSymons.

Willyam Caloway.

These foure persones, were arraigned, condempned, and
burned for the articles above saied, except Jhon Marbecke,
whose honestie and innocencie, purchased hym the Kynges
Pardon, the other thre wer burned at Wynsore aforesaied.
Beside these menne, were a greate nomber of Gentlemenne,
aswell of the Kynges privie Chamber, as other Indited, by
the procurement of one Doctor London, a Prebendary of
Wynsore, and one Wyllyam Symons a Vaunt Parler : Whiche
Gentlemenne made suyte to the Kynges Majestie, declaryng
in what case they stoode. Whereupon Doctor London was
examined, and so was the saied Symons, whiche upon their
Othe of allegeunce, denied their Trayterous purpose, as
after it was proved to their faces. Wherefore they were
adjudged as Perjured persones, to weare Papers in Wynsore,
and so thei did, and were after committed to the Flete,
where the sayed Doctor London died. And here have I
an occasion, because of doctor Londons perjury, to tell you
how he was also the occasyon that another commytted
wylfull perjury. The matter was, that a certayne robbery
was commytted in Oxford in a College wherof the sayd
Doctor London was Master, and certain plate by one of the
said College was taken away and brought to London to sell,
and it was solde to a Goldsmyth in London named Willyam
Caloway. This Goldsmyth had before bought muche plate
of the partye (which now solde the sayde stollen plate)
beynge a man of credyte, and therfore suspected of nothynge.
But this matter was so folowed, that the partye that stole
it was taken, and so was dyvers accessaries. At the last,
Doctor London knowyng to whom it was solde, and that
the Goldsmyth was a man of the Newe learnynge (as they
called hym) sware a great othe that he would hang hym or
elles it shoulde coste hym fyve hundreth pounde : where
upon he caused also the sayde Goldsmyth to be attached as
accessarye, and arreygned hym at the Sessions holden at
Newgate in London : where it was alleged that they ought
not by the lawe to enquyre of the accessarye before the
principall : and there for the dispatche of the sayed Gold
smyth, it was alleged that the principall was hanged, whiche
was nothynge so, for he was set at his lybertye and lyveth
styll. But to be shorte, the Goldsmyth (which undoubtedly
is a knowen, tryed and proved honest man and ever was of
honest name and fame) was founde gyltye, and no remedy but

King Henry the VIII.

345

but he must declare what he coulde say why he should not
dye accordyng to the law : he prayed to have his booke :
which was answered that he coulde not have it, for he was
Bigamus. And now cometh the Perjury that I promysed
to tell you of : His wyfe, which of all persons that knoweth
her, is certaynly knowen to be an honest woman, and from
her byrth hathe ever ben of as muche honesty as any woman
maye be : And this woman had had two husbandes before,
which also wer honest men, and she had children by them,
and therefore was it alleged against this Goldsmyth that he
was Bigamus : This good woman percey vyng that her former
mariages shoulde shorten her husbandes dayes, came into the
open Courte before the Judges and affirmed by her othe
contrarie to the truthe, that she was never maryed to mo
men then to the sayde Goldsmyth, althoughe she had
chyldren by her other husbandes and contynued dyvers
yeres with theim, yet she sware she was Whore to them
bothe and not maryed. And so by defamyng of her selfe,
to her great prayse, she delyvered her innocent husband.
In this yeare was in London a great death of the Pestilence,
and therfore Myghelmas Tearme was adjourned to Saynt
Albons, and there was kepte to the ende.
In the weke of Christmas, came to the Kyng to Hampton
Courte Ferdinando de Gonzaga Viceroy of Cicile Prince of
Malfeta, Duke of Juano, Capitayne generall of the chyvalrye
and Army of the Emperour Charles, whiche came to the
Kyng, to appoynt what tyme the Army and the Emperour
shoulde be readye to invade Fraunce, and the appoyntment
taken he departed, and had for his reward a C.liii. ounces
in golden plate, and iiii.M.iii. oz. in gylte plate, which al
was very curiously wrought. And all the tyme that he lay
here, he lay at the kynges cost.
The sonday before Christmas was Lorde Wyllyam Parre,
brother to the Queene, which had maryed the doughter and
heyre of Lorde Henry Burchier Erie of Essex, at Hampton
Courte, created Erie of Essex. And syr Willyam Parre
Knyght uncle to them bothe, was made Lord Par of Horton
and chaumberleyn to the Quene. And on Newyeres day
was Syr Thomas Wriothesley the Kynges Secretary made
Lorde Wriothesley of Tychefelde.
Also this yere was open warre proclamed with Fraunce, and
VOL. II.

THE XXXV.
YERE
[1543-44]

2 X

346 King Henry the VIII.

THE XXXV.
YERE
[1543-44]

Lyth taken.

and lycence geven to the Kynges subjectes to seaze upon the
Frenchemen and their goodes as in lyke cases before had
been accustomed.

THE XXXVI. YERE.
THIS yere the Kyng sent a gret army into Scotlande
by sea, and he made the Erie of Hertfford Lieu-
tenaunt Generall of the same. And the Vicount
Lisle hygh Admirall, whiche valyaunt Capitaynes so sped
them, that the thyrd day of Maie the Lorde Admirall
arryved with all his Fleete which was two hundreth sayle
in the Fryth, where he landed dyvers of his men and there
tooke dyvers vesselles whiche after dyd hyghe servyce. And
shortly they approched unto the towne of Lyth where they
landed their men, and marched forwarde in three great bat-
teyles, wherof my Lorde Admyrall led the vawarde, the
Erie of Shrewsbury the arrerewarde, and the Noble Earle of
Hertforde beyng Lieutenaunt, the battayle: Where they
founde the Scottes assembled to the nombre of syxe
thousande horsemen beside footemen to stop the passage
of the army. And at the fyrst the Scottes made towarde
the Englyshmen as thoughe they would have set on the
vaward, but when thei perceived the Englishmen so will-
ynge to encountre with theym, namely the Cardinall who
was there present, which perceived the devocion the Eng
lyshmen had to see his holynesse, after certayne shot on
bothe sydes, they made a sodayne retreate, and leavyng
their artillary behynde them fled towarde Edenborough.
The fyrst man that fled was the Cardinall lyke a valyaunt
Champion, and with hym the Governour, the Erie of
Hundey, Murrey and Bothwell, with manye other great
men of the Realme. And shortly after the Englishmen
mauger al the Scottes might do, entered the towne of Lith
wher that night the army encamped them, and there thei
found such richesse as they thought not to have founde in
any towne of Scotland.
The next daye the Armie went towardes Edenborough
toune, and when thei approched nere, the provost of the
toune accompanied with one or two Burgesses, and twoo or
thre officers at armes desired to speake with the kynges
lieutenaunt,

King Henry the VIII.

347

lieutenaunt, and in the name of all the toune saied, that the
keyes of the toune shoulde be delivered unto his lordship
conditionally, that they might go with bag and baggage and
the toune to be saved from fire : Wherunto answer was
made by the sayd lorde lieutenaunte, that wher as the Scottes
had so manifestly broken there promises confirmed by othes
and Seales and certefied by the whole parliament as is evi-
dendy knowen to the whole worlde, he was sent thether by
the kynges highnes to take vengeaunce of there detestable
falsehed, to declare and shewe the force of his highnes sworde
to all suche as shoulde make any resistence unto his graces
power sent thether for that purpose : And therefore he tolde
them resolutely that onelesse thei woulde yelde up the toune
franckly without condition, and cause man, woman and
chylde, to issue into the feldes, submittyng theim to his
wyll and pleasure, he would put them to the sword and ther
toune to the fire. The provost answered that it wer better
for them to stand to ther defence. Whereupon com
maundement was geven to the saied provost and officers at
armes upon there perill to depart. And forth with the lord
lieutenaunt sent to the vaward that thei shoulde marche
towardes the toune, whiche courageously set forwarde, and
the English gonners manfully set on the gates, specially sir
Christopher Morice, that they did beat the Skottes from
there ordinaunce, and so entred the gate called Cany gate
by fine force, and ther slew a great nombre of the Skottes :
And finally it was determined by the saied lorde lieutenaunt
utterly to ruinate and destroy the saied toune with fire,
whiche thyng immediady was attempted, but because night
was come, the armie withdrue to their campe, and then a
fresh the next day set fyre where none was before, which
continued that day and two dayes after burnyng. And
shortly after came unto this Army by land foure thousande
light horsemen sent by the kyng, whiche after thei were
come, the army forsoke there Shippes and sent theim home
laden with spoyle and goneshot whiche thei founde there,
and dislodged their camp out of the toune of Lith, and set
fire in every house, and brent it to the grounde : and so
returned home by land, through all the mayn contry of
Scotlande, burnyng and destroiyng every pile, fortresse and
village that was in their walke, and so with great honour to
the great rejoysyng aswel of the kynges majestie as of all
his

THE xxxvi.
YERE
[1544-45]

Edenborough brent.

S

348

THE XXXVI.
YERE
[1544-45]

King Henry the VIII.

his faithful and lovyng subjectes, they returned a gayn into
England with the losse skant of fortie persones : and because
their great exployt may be the better knowen, here shal
folowe the names of the chief boroughes, castelles and
tounes brent and desolated by this royall armie.
The borough and toune of Edenborough with the Abbey
called holy roode house, and the kynges palace adjoynyng
to the same.
The Abbey of newe botie : parte of Muskleborough
toune, with the chappell of our lady of Lawret.
Hadington toune with the Friers and Nonry. Laureston
with the graunge.
The toune of Lith brent, and the haven and pier
destroyed. The Castel and village of Cragmiller. Preston toune
and the Castell. A Castell of Oliver Sancklers, The toune
of Dunbarre.

Drilawe.
Broughton. Dudistone.Beverton.Markle. Hatherwike.Bowland.Blackborne.Wester Crag.

Chester Felles.
Stan house.
Tranent.Trapren.
Belton. Butterden. Raunto.
Enderleigh the pile
and toune.

Crawnend.The Ficket.
Shenstone.
Kirkland hill.
East Barnes.
Quickwood. Bildy and the

tower.

sea

by the

Also tounes and villages brent upon the
English flete, which I cannot name the halfe.
Kynkone. S. Minetes. The quenes Fery.
parte of Petynwaynes, the Brent Island, with many other
whose names I could not come by.
In this yere also the kynges majestie prepared two great
armyes to Fraunce, the one was conducted and led by the
duke of Norffolke and the gentle lorde Russell lorde prevy
seale, which encamped at Muttrell and beseged the toune
where they lay a long tyme, and left the toune as they founde
yt : The other army was led by the valiante duke of Suffolk
which was the kynges liuetenaunt of that armie, and beyng
accumpanyed with the lorde chamberleyn, the Erie of Aron-
dell Marshall of the felde, and Sir Jhon Gage comptroUor of
the

King Henry the VIII.

349

the kynges house, and Sir Anthony Browne master of the
kynges horsses, with diverse and many other capitaynes : the
ninetene day of July encamped before Bulleyn on the Est
syde of the same upon the hill, where after many sharpe
skyrmishes they gayned first the old man, and shortly after
basse Boleyn.
The fourtene day of July the kynges majestie in his royall
persone passed the ses from Dover to Calis, and the six and
twentie day encamped him selfe before Bolleyn, on the north
syde, with in lesse then halfe a myle of the toune, where his
grace remayned tyll the toune was surrendered unto his
majestie: the which toune he so sore assauted and so
beseged with suche a boundaunce of greate ordinaunce that
never was there a more valiaunter assaute made, for besyde
the undermyning of the castel, tower and walles, the toune
was so beaten withe ordinaunce that there was not left one
house whole therein : and so sore was laied to the charge of
the Frenchmen that after the kyng had assauted theim by
the space of a moneth, thei sent furth of the toune to the
kyng two of their chief captaynes, called Mounsire Semble-
mound, and Mounsire de Haies, whiche declared that the
chief capitayne of the toune with his retinew was contented
to ddyver the toune unto his grace, so that they might passe
with bag and baggage, which request the kynges majestie,
mercifully graunted theim. And so on the next day, the
duke of Suffolke rode into Bullein, to whom in the kynges
name, they delivered the keyes of the toune. And at after
none departed out of Bulleyn al the Frenchmen. The
nomber of the men of warre, that wer strong and galaunt,
that came out of the toune, were of horsemen, lxvii. of foot
men, xv.C.lxiii. of Gonners, viii.C. of hurte menne, lxxxvii.
of women and chyldren, xix.C.xxvii. So there was in al that
came oute of the toune, foure thousand, foure hundred, fiftie
and foure, beside a great nomber of aged, sicke and hurt
persones, that was not able to go furth of the toune. The
last person that came furth, was Monsire de Vervine, grand
capitaine of the Toune, which when he approched nere the
place, wher the king stode, he alighted from his horse, and
came to the king. And after he had talked with hym a
space, the kyng toke him by the hand, and he reverently
kneling upon his knees, kyssed hys hande, and afterwarde
mounted upon hys horse and so departed. The

THE xxxvi.
YERE
[1544-45]
Boleyn
beseged.

35°

King Henry the VIII.

THE XXXVI.
YERE
[1544-45]
The kinges
enterauncein to Bullein.

The xviii. day, the kinges highnes having the sworde
borne naked before him, by the Lorde Marques Dorset,
like a noble and valyaunt conqueror rode into Bulleyn, and
the Trompetters standyng on the walles of the toune,
sounded their Trompettes, at the time of his entring, to
the great comfort of al the kynges true subjectes, the same
beholdyng. And in the enteryng there met him the duke
of Suffolk, and delivered unto him the keyes of the toune,
and so he roade toward his lodgyng, which was prepared for
him, on the South side of the toune. And within two
dayes after, the kyng rode about al the toune, within the
walles, and then commaunded that our Lady Church of
Bullein, should be defaced and plucked doune, where he
appoynted a Mount to be made, for the greate force and
strength of the toune.
When the kyng had set all thinges ther in suche ordre, as
to hys wisdom was thought best, he returned into England,
to the great rejoysynge of al hys lovyng subjectes.
In the meane ceason, that the kyng laye before Bulleyn,
and was like to have conquered the same, as at the last he
did, as before you have hard the Emperor toke a peace with
the French kyng, to the no litle grefe and displeasure of the
kinges majestie, and that was the cause that the kyng so
sodainly brake up his army, aswel at Bulleyn as also at
Muttrell. Shortly after besyde diverse and many sharpe skirmishes,
made by the Frenchmen at Bulleyn, aswel by the Dolphyn
with a great power which in the night season, stale upon
Base Bullein, taking ther a great sort of sicke persones, and
women in their beddes, whom without mercy they slew.
How beit so manfully the Englyshmen, which escaped out
of Base Bulleyn, behaved themselfes, gettyng weapons out
of the hyghe toune, that they bet the Frenchmen agayn out
of the Base toune, and after wyth the helpe of the high
toune, they slewe a great nomber of them, and so agayn
possessed quietly, the sayed Base toune : Besyde I say this
skirmishe and many mo, Monsire de Bees came with xv.M.
men, and encamped ryght agaynst the toune, on the other
side of the water, entendyng there to have buylded a Forte.
But the fourth daye of February, he was set upon his owne
campe, by the moste valiaunt and fortunate Erie of Hertford
and Lord Lisle, the Lord Gray and other : at whose com-
 ming

King Henry the VIII. 351

ming the sayde Monsire de Bees, wyth al his puyssaunce fled,
leavynge behinde them al their ordinaunce, Tentes and
plate.

THE XXXVII. YERE.
THE vii. day of June, a great armye of Frenchemen,
came nere to the haven of Bulleyn, and skirmished
wyth thenglyshemen to the no great gayne of the
Frenchmen : but this army which was accompted to the
nomber of xx.M. ther encamped and began again to buyld a
Fort, which before they departed, accomplished the same.
In June the lord Lisle Admirall of Englande, wyth theng
lyshe flete entered the mouthe of the river of Sain, and
came before Newehaven, where the great army of Fraunce
laie, which were CC. sayl of shippes and xxvi. Galies of
Force, wherof the bishop of Rome had sent xx. wel
furnished wyth men and money, to ayde the French king.
Thenglyshemen beyng but an Clx. sayle, and all great
shyppes, did not determine to set on the whole navie, but
shot certayn peces of ordinaunce at theim, whiche caused
the Galies to come abroade, and shot at the Englyshmen
whiche Galies had greate advauntage, by reason of the
calme wether : twyse eche part assauted other with ordin
aunce, but sodainly the wynd rose so greate, that the Galies
could not indure the rage of the seas : and thenglyshmen
were compelled to entre the main seas, for feare of flattes
and so sayled unto Portesmouth, where the kyng then laye,
for he had knowelage by his espyalles, that the French army,
entended to lande in the Isle of Wyght, wherfore he repaired
to the cost, to se his realm defended.
After the departyng of thenglyshe navy, from Newhaven,
the Admyrall of Fraunce, called the Lorde Dombalt, a man
of greate experyence, halsed up hys sayles, and with hys
whole navie, came to the point of the Isle of Wyght, called
S. Helenes poynt, and there in good ordre cast their Ankers,
and sent xvi. Galies dayly, to the very haven of Portesmouthe.
Thenglyshe navye liyng in the haven, made them prest and
set out towardes them, and styl the one shot at the other. But
one day above all other, the whole navie of the Englishmen
made out, and purposed to set on the Frenchmen : but in
their

THE xxxvi.
YERE
[1544-45]

352

King Henry the VIII.

THE XXXVII
YERE
[1545-46]

their settyng forward, a goodly ship of Englande called the
Mary Rose, was by to much foly, drouned in the middest of
the haven, for she was laden wyth much ordinaunce, and the
portes left open, which were very lowe, and the great ordi
naunce, unbreched, so that when the ship should turne, the
water entred, and sodainly she sanke. In her was sir George
Carewe knight, Capitain of the said shyppe, and foure
hundreth men, and much ordinaunce.
At the same tyme certayn of the French menne, landed in
the Isle of Wyght, where their capitayn was slayne and
many other, and were to their great losse and payn, driven
again to their Galies.
The kyng perceyving the great navie of the Frenchmen to
approch sent letters for men into Hampshire, Somersetshire,
Wilshire, and dyverse other places adjoyning : which repaired
to his presence in greate nombers, wel furnished wyth armure
and victayl, and all thynges necessary, so that the Isle was
garnished, and all the Frontiers on the sea coast, furnished
wyth men in great nomber.
The French capitaines having knowlege, by certain Fysher
menne which they toke, that the kyng was present, and also
of the great power that he had in readines, they disancred
and sayled a long the coastes of Sussex, and a smal nomber
of them landed in Sussex, whiche never returned to their
shyppes, for they were taken up by the waye.
When they had searched al the coastes, and saw men ever
redy to receive them, thei turned the sterne and returned
home again, without any act worthy to be wrytten, done or
enterprysed : saving that in this mean tyme their newe Fort
against Bullein, was strongly furnished and fynyshed.
The nomber of the Frenchmen, as diverse prisoners that
wer taken in the isle of Wyght, and in Sussex did report,
wer Ix.M. And at this time the French kyng wrote to the
Emperor, and declared to him, that hys army had gotten
the isle of Wight, the Portes of Hampton and Portesmouth,
and diverse other places, which writyng was as true, as the
French kyng hath in al his leagues and promyses, bene to
the kynge of England.
In August folowyng, the noble erle of Hertford entered
into Scotland, wyth xii.M. men, and destroied al the tounes
in the midle Marches, and passed to the West marches, to
the great detriment and losse of Scotlande, and destroyd
Coldingham

King Henry the VIII.

353

Coldingham Abbey : and yet the Frenchmen and Scottes,
whiche lay at Kelsey, durst not once encountre with
hym. In thys moneth died Charles, the noble and valiaunt
duke of Suffolke a hardye gentleman, and yet not so
hardy, as almoste of all estates and degrees of menne
hygh and lowe, rych and poore, hartely beloved and
hys death of them muche lamented, he was buryed at
Wyndsore. The xxiiii. day of November, a Parliament began at
Westmynster by aucthoritie whereof, was graunted to the
kyng a Subsedy, of ii.s. viii.d. of the pound, of moveable
goodes, and iiii.s. the pounde in lande to be paied in two
yere. And all Colleges, Chaunteries, and Hospitalles wer
committed to the kynges ordre, duryng hys life, to alter
and transpose, whych hys grace at the Prorogation of the
Parliament, promised to do to the glory of God, and the
common profite of the realme.
A litle before this tyme, the noble and valiaunt lord Lisle,
lord Admiral landed in Normandy, and brent the subbarbes
of Treiport, and diverse villages alonge the sea cost, and
destroyed and toke almooste all the shyppes in the haven,
which was a ryche and a goodly pray, and so returned
wythout any dammage.
The French kyng sore moved wyth these doynges, sent
Monsire de Bees with xii.M. men, which entered into
thenglish pale, beside Gravelyn, and brent Marke and
diverse smal villages, and then returned.
Ever in maner wer skirmishes and Al armes betwene high
Bullein and the new builded fortresse, but the losse ran ever
on the Frenchmens side.
This wynter was meanes made by themperor, that certain
Ambassadors of England and Fraunce might mete, to
common of a peace, whereupon the king of England sent
to Guisnes, Cutbert bishop of Duresme sir William Paget
his secretary, and doctor Tregonel. And the French kyng
sent to Arde a bishop, the chief President of Roan, and a
Notary, but no conclusion came to effect. Wherfore the
kyng havynge perfyte knowlege, how the Frenchmen
intended to buyld a new fortresse on s. Jhones rode, be
twene Bullein and Calice : whiche thing had not onely sore
distrussed Calice, but daily had put Bullein in trouble.
Wherefore
VOL. II.

THE XXXVII
YERE
[1545-46]
The death of
charles duke
of Suffolke.

2 Y

354 King Henry the VIII.

THE XXXVII
YERE
[1545-46]

Kyng Henry
the VIII his
answere to
the speaker
of the Parlia
ment.

Wherefore he meaning to prevent so great a mischief, sent
over the noble Earle of Hertford, and the valiaunt lord Lisle
Admiral, and many valiaunt capitaines with vii.M. good
souldiers, which gat the rode but ii. daies before the
Frenchmen appointed to have bene ther, and in that place
encamped themselfes. Monsire de Bees leader and con-
ducter, of all the French affaires, encamped himself beside
Hardelow, and durst not once come furth to set on
our men, notwithstandinge his former preparacion and
devyce. These thinges thus hangyng, many great skirmishes were
daylye betwene the Bullenoys, and the French Bastilion : and
one day thone part lost, and the other gayned, and likewise
the losers regained: but in one skirmishe wer lost xvi.
Engiysh gentlemen, and lxxx. other, although ther were
slayne three rascal Frenchmen, and in this skirmish was
slain, sir George Pollard. And in a like jorney was slayn
sir Raufe Elderkare Capitain of the light horsemen, wyth a
fewe other Englyshemen, but yet a great multitude of the
Frenchmen, at that time lay on the ground.
The xxiiii. day of December, the kinges majestie came
into the parliament house, to geve his royal assent, to suche
actes as there had passed, where was made unto him by the
Speaker, an eloquent oration, to the which it hath ever ben
accustomed, that the lord Chauncellor made answere, but
at this time it was the kynges pleasure, that it should be
otherwyse, for the kyng himself made him answer, as
foloweth worde for worde, as nere as I was able to report
it. ' Although my Chauncelor for the time beyng, hath before
' this time used, very eloquently and substantially, to make
' answer to suche oracions, as hath bene set furth in this high
< court of Parliamente, yet is he not so able to open and set
' furth my mynd and meanyng, and the secretes of my hart,
' in so plain and ample maner, as I my selfe am and can do :
' wherfore I taking upon me, to answer your eloquent oracion
' maister Speaker, say, that wher you, in the name of our
' welbeloved commons hath both praysed and extolled me,
' for the notable qualities, that you have conceived to be in
' me, I most hartely thanke you all, that you have put me in
c remembraunce of my dutye, whiche is to endevor my self
' to obtein and get suche excellent qualities, and necessary ' vertues,

King Henry the VIII.

355

vertues, as a Prince or governor, should or ought to have,
of which giftes I recognise my self, bothe bare and barrein :
but of suche small qualities, as God hathe endued me withal,
I rendre to his goodnes my moste humble thankes, en-
tendyng with all my witte and diligence, to get and acquire
to me suche notable vertues, and princely qualities, as
you have alleged to be incorporate in my persone : These
thankes for your lovyng admonition and good counsaill
firste remembred, I eftsones thanke you again, because that
you consideryng our greate charges (not for our pleasure,
but for your defence, not for our gain, but to our great
cost) whiche we have lately susteined, aswell in defence of
our and your enemies, as for the conquest of that fortresse,
which was to this realme, moste displeasaunt and noysome,
and shalbe by Goddes grace hereafter, to our nation moste
profitable and pleasaunt, have frely of youre awne mynde,
graunted to us a certain subsedy, here in an act specified,
whiche verely we take in good part, regarding more your
kindnes, then the proffite thereof, as he that setteth more
by your loving hartes, then by your substaunce. Beside
this hartie kindnes, I cannot a litle rejoyse when I consider,
the perfite trust and sure confidence, whiche you have put
in me, as men having undoubted hope, and unfeined belefe
in my good dooynges, and just procedinges for you, with
out my desire or request, have committed to myne ordre
and disposition, all Chauntryes, Colleges, Hospitalles, and
other places specefied in a certain act, firmely trustyng
that I wil ordre them to the glory of God, and the profite
of the common wealth. Surely if I contrary to your
expectacion, shuld suffre the ministres of the Church to
decaie, or learnyng (whiche is so great a juell) to be
minished, or pore and miserable people, to be unrelieved,
you might say that I beyng put in so speciall a trust,
as I am in this cace, were no trustie frende to you, nor
charitable man to mine even christian, neither a lover of
the publyk wealth, nor yet one that feared God, to whom
accompt must be rendered of all our doynges. Doubt
not I praye you, but your expectacion shalbe served, more
Godly and goodly then you wil wish or desire, as hereafter
you shall plainly perceive.
' Now, sithence I find suche kyndenes, on your part to
warde me, I can not chose, but love and favor you,
' affirmyng

THE XXXVII
YERE
[1545-46]

<

356

King Henry the VIII.

THE XXXVII
YERE
[1545-46]

affirmyng that no prince in the world, more favoreth
his subjectes, then I do you, nor no subjectes or com
mons more, love and obaye, their sovereigne lord, then
I perceive you do me, for whose defence my treasure shal
not be hidden, nor yf necessitye requyre my persone shall
not bee unadventured : yet although I with you, and you
with me, be in this perfect love and concord, this frendly
amity can not continue, except bothe you my lordes tem
poral, and you my lordes spiritual, and you my lovyng
subjectes, studie and take paine to amend one thing, which
surely is amisse, and farre out of ordre, to the which I
moste hartely require you, whiche is, that charity and con
cord is not amongest you, but discord and dissencion,
beareth rule in every place. S. Paule saieth to the Cor
inthians, in the xiii. Chapiter, Charitie is gende, Charitie
is not envious, Charitie is not proude and so furth in
the said Chapiter : Beholde then what love and Charitie
is emongest you, when the one calleth the other, Here-
ticke and Anabaptist, and he calleth hym again Papist,
Ypocrite, and Pharisey. Be these tokens of charitie
emongest you ? Are these the signes of fraternal love
betwen you ? No, no, I assure you, that this lacke of
Charitie emongest your selfes, will bee the hinderaunce
and asswagyng, of the fervent love betwene us, as I said
before, except this wound be salved, and clerely made
whole. I must nedes judge the faut and occasion of this
discorde, to bee partly by negligence of you the fathers
and preachers of the spiritualtie. For if I know a man
whyche liveth in adultery, I muste judge hym a lecher
ous and a carnall persone : If I se a man boast and bragg
hymself, I cannot but deme hym a proude manne. I se
and here daily that you of the Clergy preache one against
another, teache one contrary to another, inveigh one against
another without Charity or discrecion. Some be to styff
in their old Mumpsimus, other be to busy and curious, in
their newe Sumpsimus. Thus all men almoste be in variety
and discord, and fewe or none preache truly and sincerely
the worde of God, accordyng as thei ought to do. Shal I
now judge you charitable persones doing this ? No, no, I
cannot so do : alas how can the pore soules live in concord
when you preachers sow emonges them in your sermons,
debate and discord ? Of you thei loke for light, and you
^  ' bryng

King Henry the VIII.

357

bryng them to darckenes. Amende these crymes 1 ex-
horte you, and set forth Goddes worde, bothe by true
preaching, and good example gevyng, or els I whom God
hath appoynted his Vicare, and high mynyster here, wyll
se these dyvisions extinct, and these enormities corrected,
according to my very duety, or els I am an unproffitable
servaunte, and untrue officer.
' Although as I saie, the spirituall men be in some faute,
that charytie is not kept emongest you, yet you of the tem-
poraltie, bee not cleane and unspotted of malice and envie,
for you rayle on Bishoppes, speake slaunderously of Priestes,
and rebuke and taunt Preachers, bothe contrary to good
ordre, and Christian fraternity. If you knowe surely that
a bishop or preacher, erreth or techeth perverse doctrine,
come and declare it to some of our Counsayl or to us,
to whom is committed by God the high aucthority to
reforme and ordre such causes and behaviours : and bee
not Judges your selfes, of your awne phantasticall opinions,
and vain expositions, for in suche high causes ye maie
lighdy erre. And al though you be permitted to reade
holy scripture, and to have the word of God in your
mother tongue, you must understande that it is licensed
you so to do, onely to informe your awne conscience, and
to instruct your children and famely, and not to dispute
and make scripture, a railyng and a tauntyng stocke,
against Priestes and Preachers (as many light persones
do.) I am very sory to knowe and here, how unreverentiy
that moste precious juel the worde of God is disputed,
rymed, song and jangeled in every, Alehouse and Taverne,
contrary to the true meaninge and doctrine of the same.
And yet I am even asmuch sory, that the readers of the
same, folowe it in doynge so fayntlye and coldly : for of
thys I am sure, that Charitie was never so faint emongest
you, and verteous and Godly livyng was never lesse used,
nor God him self emongest Christians, was never lesse
reverenced, honored or served. Therfore as I said before,
bee in Charitie one with another, like brother and brother,
love dread and serve God (to the which I as your supreme
heade, and sovereigne lord, exhort and require you) and
then I doubt not, but that love and league, that I spake
of in the beginning, shall never be dissolved or broken
betwene us. And the makynge of lawes, whiche be now
' made

THE XXXVII
YERE
[1545-46]

358

King Henry the VIII.

THE XXXVII
YERE /'
[1545-46]

Barck Ager.

A peace
concludedbetwene
England and
Fraunce.

' made and concluded, I exhort you the makers, to bee
' as dilligent in puttyng them in execucion, as you wer in
' making and furthering the same, or els your labor shalbe
' in vain, and your common wealth nothing releved. Now
' to your petition, concerning our royal assent, to be geven
' to such actes as hath passed both the houses. They shalbe
' read openly, that ye maye hear them.' Then they were
openly read, and to many hys grace assented, and diverse
he assented not unto. Thys the kynges oracion was to his
subjectes there present suche comfort, that the lyke joye
could not be unto them in this world. And thus the actes
read, as the maner is, and his assent geven, his grace rose
and departed.
In this time, there was by the Frenchmen, a voyage made
towarde the Isle of Brasile, wyth a shyp called the Barck
Ager, whiche thei had taken from the Englyshmen before.
And in their way they fortuned to mete sodainly wyth a litle
Craer, of whom was Maister one Golding, which Golding
was a fearce and an hardy man. The barck perceiving this
small Craer to be an Englyshman, shott at hym and bouged
hym, wherfore the Craer drew strayght to the great ship,
and six or seven of the men lept into the Barke. The
Frenchmen lookyng over the boord at the sinkyng of the
Craer, nothyng mystrustyng any thyng, that myght be
done by the Englyshmen. And so it fortuned that those
Englyshmen whyche clymed into the shyp, founde in the
ende thereof, a great nomber of lime pottes, which thei
with water quenched, or rather as the natur thereof is, set
them a fyre, and threw them at the Frenchmen that wer
aborde, and so blynded them, that those fewe Englyshmen
that entred the shippe, vanquished al that were therein, and
dryve them under hatches, and brought the Barck clerely
awaye agayn into Englande.

THE XXXVIII. YERE.
IN the monethe of Aprill, by meanes of diverse Prynces,
an assemble was had, betwene both the Realmes, of
Englande and Fraunce, at Guysnes and Arde. There
were for the Kynge of Englande, the Erie of Hertforde, the

King Henry the VIII. 359

IL

the Lorde Lysle Admyrall, Syr Wyllyam Paget Secretarye
and Doctor Wotton Dean of Cauntorbury. And for the
Frenche kynge, the lorde Clado Doneball Admirall, and
Marshall of Fraunce : the byshoppe of Eureux, a president
and a Secretary. After long debating, and diverse breches,
a peace was concluded, and proclaymed in the kynges Court,
and in the citie of London on Whitsonday, with sound of
Trompettes. And likewyse was it done at Paris and Roan.
For the performaunce whereof, the Viscount Lisle Admiral,
wyth the bishoppe of Duresme, and dyverse lordes, and
above an hundred gentlemen, all in Velvet coates and
cheynes of golde, went to Paris, and were there solemplye
receyved and feasted, and shortly returned.
After whose returne, the Admirall of Fraunce, ac
companied wyth the bishoppe of Eureux, the Erles of
Nauntevile, and Villiers, and diverse great Lordes, besyde
two hundreth Gendemen well appointed, tooke his Galey
at Depe, and havinge in hys compaignie twelve fayre Galies
wel trimmed and decked, sayled into Englande, and never
toke lande, till he came to Grenewiche, where he was
received by the Erles of Essex and Darby, the xix. day
of August. And the next day, he wyth al hys Galies,
landed at the Tower Wharfe, and on al the bankes by
the water syde, laye peces of ordinaunce which shot of,
but especially the Tower of London, where was shot a
terrible peale of ordinaunce. And from thence he rode
through London, in greate triumphe, the Maior and the
craftes standing in the stretes in good ordre, to the
Bishoppes Palaice of London, wher he lodged, tyl Bar
tholomew even, on whyche day he was conveighed toward
Hampton Court, where in the way the prince havyng wyth
hym the Archebyshoppe of Yorke, the Erles of Hertford
and Huntyngdon, and about two thousande horse, mette
hym and enbraced hym, in such lowly and honorable maner,
that all the beholders gretely rejoysed, and much marveyled
at his wyt and audacitie, and so he came to the Court,
gevyng the Prynce the upper hand as he roade. And at
the utter gate of the Courte, the Lord Chauncellor, and al
the Kynges counsayll received him, and brought him to his
lodgynge. On Barthelemew daye, the kyng rychly appareled, wel
comed hym and in great triumph went to the chapel, wher the

THE XXXVIII
YERE
[1546-47]

36°

King Henry the VIII.

THE XXXVIII
YERE
[1546-47]

Anne Askew
Jhon lacelles
NicholasOtterden.
Jhon Adlam.
Thomas duke
of Norffolke,
Henry Erie
of Surrey.

The death of
Kyng Henry
the eight.

the league was sworne and signed. To tel you of the
costlye banquet houses, that were built, and of the great
banquettes, the costly Maskes, the liberal huntynges that
were shewed to hym, you woulde much marvel, and skant
beleve. But on Friday folowyng, he beyng rewarded with
a Cupborde of plate, to the valure of twelve hundred pound,
returned to London, and on Sondaye tooke his Galies and
departed. Beside this diverse of his compayny had much
plate, and manye horsses, and Greyhoundes geven them.
Also the Admiral had geven to hym, of the citie of London,
twoo Flagons gylte, and twoo parcel gylt, to the somme
of an hundred and syxe and thirtie pounde, beside Wine,
Waxe, and Torches : and thus thei laden wyth more ryches
then they brought, returned into Fraunce.
Althoughe this peace pleased, both the Engiysh and the
French nacions, yet surely both mistrusted, the continuaunce
of the same, considering the old Proverbe, that the iye seeth,
the harte rueth, for the French men styll longed for Bulleyn,
and the Englyshmen minded not to geve it over : in so
much as duryng the Admiralles of Fraunce beynge in Eng
land, the captayn of the newe fortresse, began to make a
Pile, even at the very haven mouth of Bulleyn : but the
Lorde Gray capitain there put awaye the worke men, and
toke awaye their tooles, and filled the trenches, to the French-
mennes great displeasure. And after the Frenche kynge
caused upon a great payn, that al the trenches, and newe
inventions should be cast doune, and fylled by hys owne
people, leaste he should seme to be the breaker of the
peace. In this yere was arreigned, condempned and burned,
for affirming opinions, contrary to the syxe artycles, foure
persones, that is to saye, Anne Askew Gentlewoman, Jhon
Lacelles a Gentleman, Nicholas Otterden Prieste, and Jhon
Adlam a Taylor : all these were burned in Smithfelde, the
xvi. day of July : and because the whole processe of their
matters is by diverse wryters set furth, therfore I passe it
over. In January were attaynted of hygh treason, Thomas
duke of Norfolke, and Henry his sonne erle of Surrey which
erle was behedded at the Tower Hill.
Now approched to thys noble kyng, that whych is by God
decreed, and appoynted to all menne, for at thys ceason in
the monethe of January, he yelded hys spirite to almightie
God,

King Henry the VIII.

361

God, and departed thys worlde, and lyeth buryed at Wynd
sore. And the laste daye of January was hys true, lawful
and onely sonne Prynce Edwarde Proclaymed kyng, of all
his fathers dominions, and the xix. daye of February, was
crouned and anoynted Kynge of thys realme, whome Jesu
preserve, longe to reygne over us.

THE xxxvm
YERE
[1546-47]
KyngEdward the
sixt Crouned.

FINIS.

VOL. II.

2 Z

INDEX

Abbey of s. Banon in Gaunt suppressed by the
Emperour, ii. 293.
Abell, Fetherston, and Powell executed in Smith-
field for treason, ii. 309.
Abell, Thomas, clerke, ii. 202 ; put to death for
treason, ii. 258.
Abstinence of warre betwene England and Scot
land, i. 305.
 of war betwene the kyng of Englande and
lady Margaret, ii. 135.
Aburgenye, Lorde, i. 67, 83, 115; apprehended
and had to the Tower, i. 223.
Acte made in Spain called Premetica, ii. 55.
 of Poysonyng, ii. 195.
 of the syxe artycles, ii. 285.
 of succession, ii. 259.
Adeson, John, chapelain to John Fysher, bishop
of London, ii. 255.
Adlam, Jhon, a taylor, burned, ii. 360.
Adrian, capitaine of Bray, a toune in France, i.
3°7-
 chosen to be Pope, i. 234; the Emperors
schole maister, i. 240.
Adventurers, i. 267 ; destroyed, ii. 18.
Aiske, a toune in Gelderland, i. 35.
Alanson, duke of, i. 126, 212.
Alaunson, Margaret, duches of, the French kynges
sister, deviseth waies for hym to escape out of
pryson, ii. 58.
Albanact, one of Brutes thre sonnes, ii. 329.
Albany, John, duke of, arrived in Scotland out
of Fraunce, i. 235 ; rayseth a mightie power, i.
236 ; is governor of the realme, i. 240, 272 ;
sendeth the erle of Angus into Fraunce, i. 241,
248 ; sendeth to the lorde Dacres to comon of
a peace, i. 274 ; returneth into Fraunce, i. 276 ;
sent by the Frenche kyng into Scotland agayne
with a great power, i. 276, 294; sendeth an
Herauld to the erle of Surray, L 303 ; he dare
notbyde Battel but breaketh up hys campe,' i.
305 ; he returneth into Fraunce withe all the
treasure he could make in Scotlande, ii. 16 ; he
goeth towards Naples, ii. 29, 31.
Alen, Jhon, knight, maior of London, ii. 76.
Alexander, kyng of Scottes, dyd homage to
Henry the third, ii. 332.
Alexandry, ii. 112.
Alington, Giles, knighte, dyeth, i. 240.
Allein, Jhon, doctor, sent to upset religious
houses, ii. 48; slayne in Irelande, beynge
bishop of Develyn, ii. 264.
Almaynes and Englyshmen fall out, i. 84.
Alnewyke, i. 99.

Ambassadours from divers Realmes came into
England, i. 18.
 from kyng Ferdinando, i. 27.
 from the kyng of Arragon, i. 17.
 from the French king, i. 122 , ii. 79, ii. 105.
 to the French king, i. 123, ii. 88.
 of the Emperor came to the Cardinall of
England to Calayce, i. 227.
 from the kyng of Hungary, i. 232, ii. 81.
 from Portyngale to the Emperor, i. 324.
 from James the fyfth, kyng of Scottes, ii. 20.
 from the lady Margaret, ii. 29.
 to the Emperour, ii. 32.
 into Denmarke, ii. 52.
 into Fraunce to the lady regent, ii. 54.
 from Pope Clement and diverse other princes
to the Frenche kyng, ii. 67.
 from the Emperour, ii. 79, 131.
 of Englande and Fraunce were reteyned by
the Emperour as prysoners, as reporte went, ii.
123.
 to Pope Clement, ii. 173.
 of Englande and Fraunce both staied and
shortly delivered, ii. 341.
 from the governour of Scotland, ii. 341.
Amias, a citie in Fraunce, ii. 99.
Amyral, Andrew, i. 280; throughe hys treason
the Rhodes was lost, i. 280.
Angell noble enhaunced, ii. 77.
Angeow, i. 6.
Angew, ii. 187.
Anjow, i. 39.
Anker, a toune in Fraunce, i. 306.
Annates no more payde to the Pope, ii. 204.
Anticipation, i. 316.
Applyard, Nycholas, knyghte, i. 97, 100, 112.
Appologie set forth by the Frenche kyng, ii. 65.
Arde, a toune in Fraunce, i. 193.
 Castle first made, ii. 310.
Armew, i. 34.
Army conducted by lorde Thomas Darcye to the
kynge of Arragon to ayde hym agaynst the
Moores, i. 28.
 conducted by lorde Thomas Grey, marques
of Dorset, and others to Biskay, i. 42, 43.
 conducted by the erle of Shrewsbury into
Scotland, i. 273.
 sent into Flaunders by the Frenche kyng, i.
293-
 conducted by Charles duke of Suffolke into
Fraunce, i. 296, 306.
 conducted by the erle of Surray into Scot
land, i. 300.

364

King Henry the VIII.

Army conducted by the duke of Norffolke and
other lordes into Scotland, ii. 338.
 conducted by the erle of Hertfford and lorde
Lisle into Scotland, ii. 346.
 conducted by Charles duke of Suffolke into
Bulleyn, ii. 348.
 conducted by the duke of Norffolke and
lorde Russell to Muttrell, ii. 348.
 of the kynges of Englande and Fraunce sent
for the delyverance of Pope Clement, ii. 103,
112.
Arondell, Jhon, a. squire in Cornewall, toke
Duncan Camell, a, Scot, on the sea, i. 237.
Arthoys, i. 62.
Articles delyvered to the Emperour by the
Frenche kyng and hys counsayle, ii. 59 ; he
kepte them not, and allegeth causes why, ii.
65 ; a rehearsal of the articles, ii. 159.
 set forth by Pope Clement and hys ad-
herentes, whereunto the Frenche kyng gladly
agreed, ii. 67.
 sent unto the kyng of England from the
Frenche kyng, which he offered to the Em
perour, ii. 89 ; the profers of the articles, ii.
104.
 against the Cardinal, ii. 154.
 that sir Jhon Borthwike, a Scot, was con
demned for in Scotland, ii. 317.
Asby, Wyllyam, ii. 314.
Ascayne de Columna, capitaine belongyng to the
Emperor, ii. 141.
Ashire beside Kyngston, ii. 156.
Aske, Robert, capitain of Rebells, ii. 277 ; is
hanged at Yorke in chaines, ii. 279.
Askewe, Jhon, knyghte, i. 61.
Auday, which ryver departeth Spayne and
Fraunce, ii. 179.
Audeley, Thomas, esquier, made speaker of the
parliament, ii. 165 ; made lorde keeper of the
great Seale, ii. 212 ; made Lorde Chaunceller,
ii. 212.
Augustyne, doctor, the Cardinalls Phisician,
arrested and had to the Tower, ii. 182.
Ausborough or August, a citie in Germany, ii. 179.
Babage, Jhon de, a French capitayne taken
prisoner, i. 319.
Bagot, Lewes, knight, i. 61.
Baker, Jhon, knight, i. 1 54.
Baliol, Jhon, kyng of Scottes, dyd homage to
Edward the first, kyng of England, ii. 332.
Banket, i. 15, 170, 172, 179, 220, 289.
Banket house, i. 220, ii. 84, ii. 108.
Banner of saincte Cutberd, i. 99.
Bard, Fraunces de, a Lombarde entised a mannes
wyfe in London to robbe her husband and
come to hym, i. 154, 155, ii. 77.
Barke of Scotlande called Jenny Pirwyn taken, i.
38.
Barkeley, Morice, knyght, i. 123.
Barkley, lorde, Ievetenaunt of the castle of Calice,
i. 290, 296.
Barmer wood, i. 106.
Barnardine de Belasco, lorde, Constable of
Castyle, i. 323.
Barnes, lorde, i. 123, 290.

Barnes, Robert, bare a fagot, ii. 58 ; preached
agaynst the bishoppe of Wynchester at Paules
crosse, is brent in Smithfeld, ii. 308.
Barnewell, Thomas, crouner of the citie of
London, i. 141.
Barow, i. 34.
 lorde of, in Sealand, i. 66.
Barthelmew, Jhon, i. 30.
Barton, Andrew, a Scot, i. 37 ; taken on the sea,
i. 38-
— — Elizabeth, called the holy maide of Kent,
ii. 245 ; the processe of her doynges declared
at lengthe, ii. 247 ; her wordes at her death,
ii. 259.
Battayles appoynted in order against the Scottes,
i. 100.
Bavers, lorde of, admyral of Flaunders, i. 268.
Bavyre, duke Frederyke of, came to London, ii.
293-
Baynton, Edwarde, knighte, i. 304.
Bayon, i. 42, 47.
Beche, Jhon, abbot of Colchester, put to death
for treason, ii. 294.
Becket, Thomas, ii. 282.
Bees, monsire de, i. 269 ; capitain of Bullein, i.
29 1 ; is hurte and hys horse slayne, i. 293.
Bel castle, i. 298.
Bele, doctor, a Chanon in saincte Mary Spittell,
apprehended and sent to the Tower, i. 155.
Belgrado, a towne in Hungary, i. 280.
Belknap, Edwarde, knyght, i. 63 ; he is sent to
Guysnes wyth three M. artificers, i. 181, 240.
Benbricke, Cardinal, poysoned at Rome, i. 144.
Benet, Margaret, a Butter wyfe, ii. 342.
Beningfelde, Edmonde, made knight, i. 312.
Bentivoyle, Jhon, a greate lorde of Italie, i. 39.
Bertram Bay, i. 51, 56.
Berwike, ii. 11.
Bery, ii. 43.
Bill set up in London against the Cardinall, ii. 83.
Biskay, i. 44, 45.
Blacke Sable, i. 58.
 Wal, i. 38.
Blacknall, William, clerke of the kynges Spyceri,
i- 97, H3. I5°-
Blangoy, where the French army lay, i. 82, 83.
Blaniow, a toune in Fraunce, i. 269.
Blechyngly, i. 232.
Blithe, byshop, attached for treason, i. 284.
Blody flixe, i. 46.
Blount, Thomas, knyght, i. 61.
Blunt, Elizabeth, ii. 49.
 Jhon, knyght, ii. 49.
 William, lord Mountjoye, made Lieu-
tenaunte of Torney, i. 149, 315.
Bockyng, Edwarde, doctor in Divinitie, ii. 249,
zSr> 253 ; hanged at Tiborne, ii. 259.
Bolt, Wyllyam, mercer of London, i. 157-
Bolton in Glendale, i. 99.
Bolton, Prior of saint Bartholomewes, i. 322.
Bomy, a village in France, i. 86.
Bonefyers made for the delivery of Pope Clement,
ii. 116.
Boner, Edmond, bishop of London, ii. 311.
Bononie, ii. 163, 190.
Bonvice, Anthony, ii. 77.

Bonvice, Laurence, ii. 77.
Bonvise, Jherome, the Popes collector, had to the
Tower, i. 41.
Boocher and a priest hanged at Wynsore, ii. 277.
Booke, the kynges, ii. 202.
Bordett, Jhon, i. 42, 52.
Borthwike, Jhon, a Scot, called Capitain Borth
wike, condemned of Heresy in Scotland, ii.
316; his articles, ii. 317; sentence of judge
ment, ii. 319.
Boske, a toune in Italy, yelded lo the French
kyng, ii. 112.
Bothe, Jhon, knighte, i. 100.
Botyngham and Manstier, tounes in France, i. 268.
Bowes, Robert, knyghte, taken prisoner in Scot
land, ii. 324 ; delivered, ii. 341.
Bownarme, Anthony, whiche came into the field
all armed with x. speres, i. 129.
Bramston hyll, i. 108.
Brandon, Charles, esquier, i. 11, 20, 21 ; made
knight, i. 24, 29, 54 ; created viscount Lisle,
i. 57; made duke of Suffolke, i. 118; goeth
to Paris to the Justes, i. 126; doeth valiantly
there, i. 127 ; returneth into England, i. 129 ;
he is sent into Fraunce to fetch home the French
quene into England, i. 145 ; he maryeth her,
i. 145 ; he is sent into Fraunce with an armie,
i. 296, 306 ; he returneth into England, i. 316 ;
he putteth the kyng in jeopardy at a Justes
unawares, i. 320 ; he is admitted into the ordre
of Sainct Michell, ii. 214, 217, 297, 302 ; he
is sent to Bulleyn wyth an army, ii. 348 ; he
dyeth and is buryed at Wyndsore, ii. 353.
 Henry, created erle of Lincolne, ii. 49.
 Thomas, Master of the kynges Horse, i. 6.
Bray, a strong toune taken and destroyed with
fyer, i. 307, 308.
 Edmond, knyght, i. 259.
 Edward, i. 259.
 lorde, ii. 218.
Breerton, the capitain of the aventurers, i. 321 ;
murdered, i. 321.
Brian, Fraunces, esquyer, i. 144, 175, 206, 213 ;
is made knight, i. 261, 294, 304; lost one of
his iyes, ii. 57 ; is sent to Bayon to warrant the
payment for the deliveraunce of the Frenche
kynges children, ii. 179 5 is one of the am"
bassadors sent to the byshop of Rome, ii. 227,
294.
Brigewater, Katheryn, countesse of, committed
Ui the Tower, ii. 314.
Brimald, Jhon Baptist, toke Sanctuane at West
minster, i. 2.
Britons raune awaie, i. 52.
Broke, Edward, made knyght, i. 52.
¦  Lorde, i. 224.
 Raufe, i. 292.
Broune, Anne, i. 171.
 Anthony, i. 238, 257, 259 ; made knyght, 1.
261 ; sent ambassadour into Fraunce, and there
left for a ligier, ii. 89, 227, 338, 349.
 Humfrey, knight, ii. 304.
Browne, Mathew, i. 33, 36> l8°-
 Weston, knyghte, i. 234.
 esquire made knight by the kyng of Arragon,
i- 33- 

Brune bridge, a lytle toune in Fraunce, i. 268.
Brunswycke, Henry, duke of, ii. 138.
Bruse, Robert, usurped the croune of Scotlande,
ii. 332-
Brynyon, monsire, president of Roan, ii. 26, 51 ;
his oracion, ii. 64.
Buckyngham, Edward, duke of, i. 5, 67, 83, 91 ;
he is accused of treason, i. 225 ; apprehended
and carried to the Tower, i. 225 ; arayned, i.
225 ; hys judgement, i. 225; behedded, i. 226.
Buelar, Pierce, a knyght of Ireland created erle
of Osserey, ii. 135.
Bugden, ii. 246.
Buldike, a toune in Flaunders, i. 34.
Bull, Stephen, made knighte, i. 52.
Bullein, Thomas, of Maidestone, knyghte, ii. 42.
Bulleyn, Anne, ii. 155, 209 ; created marchiones
of Penbroke, ii. 212; maried to kyng Henry
the eight, ii. 222 ; crowned quene, ii. 236 ;
delivered of lady Elizabeth, ii. 242 ; brought a
bedde of a childe, which was borne dead, ii.
266 ; apprehended and sent to the Tower, ii.
268 ; beheaded within the Tower, ii. 268.
 beseged by kynge Henry the eight, ii. 349 ;
yelded up unto hym, ii. 349.
 Thomas, knyghte, i. 123, 226, 232 ; created
viscount Rocheforde, ii. 49, 88 ; created earle
of Wilshire, ii. 171, 173.
Bulmer, Jhon, ii. 278 ; put to death at Tiborne,
ii. 279 ; hys paramour brent in Smithfelde, ii.
279.
 Rychard, knight, ii. 47.
 William, knyghte, i. 98 ; rebuked of the
kyng, i. 180.
Bulwarkes made on the sea coastes, ii. 284.
Burbon, Fraunces, duke of, i. 126 ; beareth the
sweard before the Frenche kyng at the tryum-
phant metyng of the kyng of Englande and
hym, i. 199, 211 ; is proclaimed traitor, i. 298 ;
departeth into his owne countrey and is sworne
to the kyng of England, i. 299 ; retaineth x.M.
Almaines to invade Fraunce, i. 300; turneth
his purpose and layde siege to Marcelles, i. 313 ;
he sendeth the erle Pountiver on message out of
Province to the kyng of England, i. 317; he
made sharp war on the French kynges dominions,
ii. 14 ; he layeth siege to the toune of Marcel
in Province agayne, ii. 18 ; he breaketh up the
siege at the counsayle of the marques of Piscare,
and departeth into Italy to meet wyth the
French kyng, if he came to Millain, ii. 19 ; he
sendeth a letter to the kyng of England of the
French kynges takyng, ii. 30 ; he is restored
to his firste state and freely pardoned of the
French kyng, ii. 61, 73, 90 ; sleyn at the assaute
of Rome, ii. 92.
Burfford, baron of, i. 43.
Burges, ii. 189.
Burgon, Jerome of, captain of Turnahan, ii. 6.
Butler, a gentleman slain at the assault of
Hardingham castle in Picardy, ii. 6.
Bygod, Fraunces, knight, ii. 279; executed at
Tiborne, ii. 279.
Caleis Males, i. 31, 32, 45.
Calkewel, i. 267.

366

King Henry the VIII.

Calnecant, Thomas, ii. 77.
Caloram, servaunt to the Lorde Master of the
Religion of Saynt Jhons, is sent to Modon, ii.
206.
Caloway, Willyam, ii. 344.
Cambray, ii. 158.
Camell, Duncan, a Scot taken on the sea, i. 237.
Camisado, ii. 142.
Campeius, Cardinall, i. 166, 178, ii. 144; hys
sonne made knight, ii. 149 ; hys coffers and
carriages searched, ii. 154.
Campskenel, abbot of, in Scotlande, ii. 20.
Capell, Gyles, i. 12, 202, 257, 259.
Capon, doctor, ii. 115.
Capp of maintenaunce sent from Pope July to
kyng Henry the eight, i. 121.
Cappe, a toune in Naples, ii. 1 40.
Carew, Anne, i. 171.
 Baron of, slayne with a gonne at Tirwin,
i. 62.
 George, knighte, ii. 305 ; drouned in the
ship called Mary Rose, ii. 352.
 Jhon, knyght, i. 54; ii. 103, 117.
 Nicholas, i. 144, 151, 171, 175 ; banished
the courte, i. 178 ; made capitain of Ricebanke,
i. 178, ii. 84; behedded, ii. 284.
 Richard, knyght, i. 66.
Carick of Brest, i. 55.
Carpenters, masons, and labourers sent to Torney,
i. 152.
Carre, Jhon, i. 12 ; made knight, i. 87, 123.
 William, a Scot, prisoner in Englande, i.
101.
Cartes with victaill lost, i. 63.
Cary, William, esquyer, dyed of the sweate, ii.
137-
Castel, prince of, and the lady Margarete, feasted
in Tornay by the kyng of England, i. 117.
Castle called Bone gard taken by the Englishmen,
i. 306.
 of Boghan or Bowhen yelded to sir Edward
Gyldford, i. 314.
 called Brymuost, i. 34.
 of Brest, i. 52 ; proffered to the Englishmen,
i- S3-
 of Columberge, i. 268.
 of Citel, i. 113.
 of Forde, i. 10 1.
 of Hardyngham in Fraunce, i. 276 ; brent
and spoyled, i. 293.
 of Hedyng besieged of the Frenchmen, i.
232, 269.
 of Kylingworth, i. 318.
 of Millayn besieged, ii. 70 ; yelded to the
Emperours use, ii. 73-
 of Morton, i. 1 16.
 of Norham, i. 98 ; besieged of the kyng of
Scottes, i. 98.
 of Rew, i. 268.
 of s. Angell in Fraunce, ii. 28.
 of Warke besieged of the Scottes, i. 304.
 made in the kinges hall at Grenewich, i. 40.
Castles throwen downe in Scotlande by the Eng
lishmen, i. 289.
Caveler, Anthony, i. 153, 157, ii. 77.
Cawod, ii. 181.

Chabbot, Phylip, greate Admirall of Fraunce,
created knight of the Garter, ii. 220.
Chamberlayne, Edwarde, knyghte, i. 259, 296.
Chapell in the palace at Guisnes, i. 192.
Chapman and Damport, two of the kynges garde,
hanged at Grenewich, ii. 312.
Charant, Alphons, a Spanishe knyghte, i. 59 ;
slain, i. 60.
Charles, kyng of Castel, i. 91, 116; elected Em
peror,!. 178, 179, 181 ; he cometh into England,
i. 188 ; departeth into Flaunders, i. 189 ; he
meteth the kyng at Wael, a toune in Flaunders,
i. 219 ; goeth to Caleys with the king, i. 219;
departeth from the kyng at Wael, where they
met before, i. 221 ; betwene him and the
Frenche was open warre, i. 229 ; he winneth
the toune of Mewzon and besiegeth Messiers,
i. 230, 231 ; he made the seage volant about the
citie of Turnay, i. 231 ; the citie and castle
rendred unto him, i. 234 ; he cometh to Calice,
i. 245 ; receaved into London, i. 250 ; depar
teth from the kyng and sayleth into Spayne, i.
258 ; he sendeth the kyng of England a present,
i. 306 ; he goeth to Madrill to see the Frenche
kyng, ii. 59 ; he goeth to the faire citee of
Civili and there maryeth the lady Isabell,
daughter to the kyng of Portyngale, ii. 63 ; he
is determined to go to Rome to be crouned, ii.
66 ; he kysseth the Pope's fete, ii. 163 ; is
crowned in Bononie, ii. 171.
Cheney, Thomas, went to the Justes of Parys, i.
125 ; taken prisoner, ii. 8, 62 ; made lorde
Warden of the portes, ii. 295.
Cholmeley, Richard, knight, Lieutenaunt of the
Towre, i. 160, 224.
Cholmley, Roger, knight, Recorder of London, ii.
288.
Clarenceux, an herauld of armes, i. 86 ; sent into
Scotland to the duke of Albany, i. 241 ; sent to
the Frenche king and declareth hys message, i.
248, ii. 89, 100, 123, 128.
Clement, Pope, sent hys ambassadours to set the
thre princes at one, i. 323 ; he goeth about to
lett the coronacion of the Emperor, ii. 66 ; he
raseth an armie, ii. 67 ; dothe yelde himselfe
prisoner, ii. 94; he is delivered, ii. 115; he
goeth to Bononie, ii. 163 ; crowneth the Em
peror at Bononie, ii. 171 ; he requireth the kyng
of England to appear at the generall counsail
at Mantua, ii. 227 ; he curseth the kyng of
England and hys realme, ii. 247.
Clergie in a premunire, ii. 183.
Clerke, Jhon, master of the Rolles, made bishop
of Bath, i. 284.
Cleave, Anne of, ii. 283 ; received into England,
ii. 294 ; maried to kyng Henry the eight, ii.
302 ; devorsed, ii. 308.
Cleve, duke of, ii. 282.
Clifford, Edward, hanged at Tiborne, ii. 282.
 Thomas, knyghte, ii. 245.
Clyfford, Henry, lorde, i. 271, 304; created erle
of Cumberlande, ii. 49.
Clynton, lord, i. 33, 125 ; he dyeth of the sweat,
i. 165.
Cobbe, Thomas, ii. 248.
Cobham, Edwarde, made knyghte, i. 42.

Cobham, George, knyght, i. 268.
 lord, i. 61 ; sat in commission in Kent, ii.
41.
Cobler, capitaine, ii. 275.
Coignesby, Willyam, esquire, ii. 304.
Coldingham Abbey in Scotland destroyed, ii. 352.
Colley, Jhon, i. 59.
Commissioners sent to gather the loane, i. 277 ;
appoynted, ii. 32 ; they sat in all shyres for the
levye of the sixt part of every man's goods, ii.
37 ; could bring nothing to passe, ii. 41 ; they
were resysted in Huntingdon shire, ii. 42 ; and
at last the commissioners were discharged, ii.
45 ; sent to swere all men to the act of succes
sion, ii. 260.
Common fields aboute London, enclosed to stop
the Londoners of ther pastime and walke, i. 1 19.
Common counsaille of London, ii. 39.
Complaynt of the Clothiers, ii. 129.
Compton, William, hurte at Justes, i. 15, 67, 221 ;
dyed of the sweate, ii. 137 ; the probate of his
wil, ii. 166.
Constable, Marmaduke, i. 99, 100.
 Robert, knyght, hanged in chaynes at Hul,
ii. 279.
Constantine, George, ii. 162.
Conyngsbey, Edmond, hanged at Tiborne, ii.
282.
Coo, Christopher, i. 236 ; hys enterpryse at
Bullein, ii. 4.
Coke, Edmond, i. 42.
Cooke, doctor, person of Hony Lane, ii. 263.
Corbet, Richard, knight, i. 312.
Corne provyded for the cytye of London, i. 275,
ii. in.
Cornwall, Richard, knyght, 1. 309.
 Thomas, knyghte, i. 61.
Cornwalles, Jhon, knyghte, i. 261.
Coronacion of quene Anne Bulleyn, ii. 237.
 of the Emperour, ii. 171.
Courtenay, Henry, erle of Devonshire, i. 206,
221, 238, 255 ; receiveth the kyng of Denmarke
at Dover and conveyeth hym to Grenewyche
to the kyng, i. 288; created marques of
Excester, ii. 49, 84, 213, 218, 243, 275 ; accused
and condemned of treason, ii. 283 ; behedded,
ii. 283.
Coventry, i. 3*8.
Cowper of Caleys deceaved, i. 74.
Creswell, Alen, i. 139.
Cristierne, kynge of Denmarke, i. 231 ; banished
hys realme and fliethe into Flaunders, and
commeth into England, i. 288, 289 ; returneth
againe into Flaunders, i. 289 ; he enterteygneth
the duke of Suffolke at Gravelyng, i. 297 ; for
hys crueltie the Danes wyll not receave hym
againe by no entreatye, ii. 52.
Croftes and Collines hanged at Tiborne, 11. 284.
Crofton, Christopher, i. 142.
Croiton Bay, i. 52.
Cromewell, Richard, knyght, ii. 305.
Cromwell, Thomas, came into the kynges service,
ii. 174, 223, 264, 267 ; made knyght of the
Gartier, ii. 279, 287 ; created erle of Essex, 11.
305 ; committed to the Tower, 11. 306 ; be
hedded, ii. 307.

Crueltie of the Turkes, ii. 175.
Culpeper, Thomas, put to death at Tiborne, ii.
313-
Culpiper, under marshall of Caleys, i. 74.
Cut, Jhon, i. 240.
Dacres, Christopher, knight, ii. 47.
 lorde, i. 112; he fyndeth the kyng of
Scottes among the slayne, i. 112; he entreth
into Scotland at the kynges commaundemente,
i. 236, 274 ; of the North arreigned at West
minster hall of high treason, confuteth hys
accusers to hys great honour, ii. 261 ; of the
Southe, Thomas Fines, hanged at Tyborne, ii.
312.
 Thomas, bastard, ii. 339.
Dallencon, duke, i. 203.
Dalva, duke, a greate prince of Spain, i. 46.
Damartin, erle of, ii. 10, 17.
Damport and Chapman, two of the kynges garde,
hanged at Grenewiche, ii. 312.
Damport, a gentleman, ii. 314.
Dan Car, a lord of Scotland, taken prysoner, i.
3°i. 3°4-.
Dancaster, i. 96.
Darcy, Arthur, knight, ii. 222.
 Thomas, lorde, is sent to the kyng of
Arragon, i. 28; returneth agayne, i. 33, 66,
85 ; he is apprehended and had to the Tower,
ii. 278 ; behedded, ii. 279.
Darrell, Nicholas, i. 238.
Darvel Gatheren, ii. 281.
Dauncye, jhon, made knight, i. 1 16.
Daverne, a toune in Fraunce, brente, i. 268.
David, kyng of Scottes, did homage to the
daughter and heire of kyng Henry the first, ii.
331-
Dawney, Guy, knyght, i. 100.
Daye, doctor, appoynted Almoner to ladye Anne
of Cleve, ii. 297.
Death in London, i. 118.
 at Naples, ii. 139.
 of the kyng of Scottes, ii. 339.
Declaration of the cause of warre in Scotland, ii.
320.
Decowrey, lorde, Prior of S. Jhons, i. 61.
Defiaunces made to the Emperour, ii. 121.
Delacourt, Jhon, priest, confessor to the duke of
Buckyngham, attached and had to the Tower,
i. 223 ; accuseth the duke, i. 224.
Delanoies, monsire, capitayne of Turnay, ii. 101.
Delawar, lorde, i. 61, 123, 224.
Delien, Baltier, a valiant capitain, 1. 63.
Denton, James, deane of Lichfeld, ii. 15.
Denyzens compelled to shewe their letters
patentes, i. 263.
Deryng, Richarde, a monke of Cantorbury, 11. 245.
Description of the kynges palays besyde Guisnes,
i. 190.
 of Fraunces the Frenche kyng, 1. 199.
 of Thomas Wolsey, Cardinall, i. 118, 11.
182.
Desmond, erle of, in Ireland, 1. 182.
 James, erle of, came to the kyng, 11. 320.
Devereux, a gentelman, apprehended and put
in ward, ii. 46 ; pardoned of hys offence, ii. 46.

368

King Henry the VIII.

Devonshire, William, erle of, i. 22, 29.
Dianas knightes, i. 13.
Dighby, Everard, knight, i. 296.
 Jhon, knight, i. 33.
Dygby, one of the kynges Henxmen, fled the
realme, i. 318.
Dimmocke, Robert, knighte, the kynges cham
pion, i. 8.
Dingley, Thomas, knight of saynt Jhones,
behedded, ii. 285.
Diram, Fraunces, ii. 313; put to death at
Tiborne, ii. 313.
Dolphin of Fraunce, i. 124; proclaymeth a
Justes at Paris for the honour of the newe
quene of Fraunce, i. 125-129.
 and hys brother the duke of Orleaunce are
pledges for theyre father, ii. 61, 84 ; delyvered,
ii. 179, 215.
Domyngo, a straunger, i. 157.
Doncar, in Scotland, i. 3or.
Donne, Edwarde, knyghte, i. 259.
Dorie, Andrew, ii. 112, 141,
Dorians and Darrier, tounes in Fraunce, brent,
i. 270.
Dornahan, a toune in Fraunce, i. 68.
Douglas, Archibald, erle of Angus, marieth the
quene of the Scottes, and shortly after they
both flye into England, i. 149; he departed
sodenly into Scotland, agayne leaving the
quene hys wife in England, i. 150 ; he is sente
by a coloured Ambassade into Fraunce by the
duke of Albany, and there committed to
prison, i. 241 ; escapeth out of prison and
fleeth into England, ii. 13 ; returneth into
Scotland agayne, ii. 341.
Doglas, Gawan, bishop of Dunkel in Scotland,
fled into England, i. 240.
Douglas, George, ii. 341.
Doglas dale in Scotland, i. 303.
Dorset, Thomas, marques of, i. 25 ; sent with an
armie into Biskay, i. 42 ; falleth sicke, i. 49 ;
returneth sicke into Englande, i. 51, 66; doth
valiantly at the feates of armes beyond the sea,
i. 128, 143, 198; sent to Calice to receyve the
Emperour, i. 244 ; made Warden of the East
and Myddill Marches, i. 277 ; entreth into
Tyvedale, i. 277.
Drye Wednesday, i. 69.
Duchemen and their Shippes discharged, ii.
128.
Dudley, Edmonde, esquier, i. I ; attaynted of
treason, i. 14 ; behedded, i. 20.
 Jhon, made knight, i. 313, ii. 21, 305;
created viscount Lisle, ii. 315 ; made lorde
admirall, ii. 346, 351 ; burnetii Treiport, ii.
353- , , .
 and Empson apprehended, 1. I ; attaynted of
treason, i. 14; behedded, i. 19.
 lorde, i. 61.
Dun, Griffith, knyghte, i. 12, 42.
Dunbarre, ii. 339.
Durham, i. 97, 99.
Durie, Robert, knyght, ii. 42.
Earthquake in a citie in Portingale, ii. 195.
Edenborough brent, ii. 347.

Edgar, kyng of Scottes, did homage to Henry the
fyrste, ii. 331.
Edward the Confessor toke homage of Malcolme,
kyng of Scottes, ii. 331.
Edwarde the syxte, kyng of Englande, borne at
Hampton court, ii. 279 ; crouned kyng, ii. 361.
Egerton, Raufe, knyght, ii. 15 ; servaunt to the
lorde Audeley, lorde Chauncellor, hanged for
counterfetyng the kynges greate Seale, ii. 310.
Egremond, erle of, the Seneschal of Henaude, i.
267.
Elderkare, Raufe, knyght, i. 28, ii. 245 ; slayn,
"• 354-
Eldred, kyng of Englande, toke homage of Irise,
then kyng of Scottes, ii. 330.
Elinor, quene of Portyngale, ii. 61.
Elizabeth, daughter to kyng Henry the eight, ii.
242.
Emery, bastard, i. 36, 66, 86.
Empson and Dudley apprehended, i. 1 ; attaynted
of treason, i. 14; behedded, i. 19.
Enderby, Jhon, barber, i. 139.
Englisheman kylled a Frencheman with an arrow
thorow a basket, i. 320.
Englishmens goodes arrested in Burdeaux, i. 242 ;
they put up a supplicacion to the Emperor, ii.
55 ; theyre answere delivered them in writyng,
ii. 55, 56.
Englishe Merchantes arrested in Spain, ii. 123 ;
theyre bodies released but not theyr goodes, ii.
129.
 money delivered, ii. 103.
Enterpryse of the garryson of Bullein, i. 3.
 of the Frenchemen agaynst the Flemmynges,
i. 10.
 of the horsemen of Bullein, ii. 16.
 of fyfty lyght horsemen of Calice,- ii. 16.
 of the Burgonyons and Spanyardes, ii. 20.
Epsam, Thomas, monke of Westminster, ii. 309.
Escape, ii. 95.
Essex, erle of, i. 66 ; Lieutenant of the speres at
the besieging of Tyrwyn, i. 66, 83, 86, 179 ;
greate Chamberlain of England, ii. 305.
Evel May day, i. 159.
Exmew, Thomas, knyghte, mayre of London, i.
172.
Exmewe, a monke of the Charterhouse, hanged at
Tyborne, ii. 264.
Faber, John, a famous clerke, ii. 81.
Fabian, Jhon, Serjeant at armes, i. 259.
Fabrica, Frier, i. 280.
Farmer, Richard, grocer of London, condemned
in a premunire, ii. 306.
Ferdinando, kyng of Arragon and Castell, i. I ;
sendeth Ambassadours to the kyng of England,
hys sonne in lawe, for hys ayde agaynste the
Infideles, i. 27, 28 ; hys promises to the kyng
of Englande, i. 42 ; he breaketh promes, i. 43 ;
he conquereth the realme of Naver whyle the
Englishemen wayted for hys promes in Biskay,
i. 47, 48 ; he dyeth, i. 150.
Ferdinando, knight of the Garter, i. 242 ; the
order thereof is sent unto hym, i. 321.
Fernhurst, a strong hold in Scotland, i. 301.
Ferreis, George, ii. 315.

Ferreis, Water, lorde, i. 59, 296, 297.
Fetherston, Abell, and Powell hanged in Smith
feld for treason, ii. 309.
Filmer, Henry, taylor, burned at Wynsore, ii. 344.
Fines, Thomas, Lord Dacres of the Southe,
hanged at Tiborne, ii. 312.
Fyer at Temple barre, ii. 263.
First quest that inquired of the sixe Articles, ii.
285.
Fyrste frutes and tenthes given to the kyng, ii.
263.
Fisher, John, bishop of Rochester, preacheth
agaynst Martin Luther, ii. 58 ; licensed to
speake for quene Katheryn, ii. 149 ; hys saiyng
in the parliament house, ii. 167 ; the commons
not content to hys saiyng complayneth of hym
to the kyng, ii. 168 ; hys excuse, ii. 168 ; he
maynteineth the feined revelacions of the holy
mayde of Kent, ii. 255^258 ; denyeth to swere
to the act of succession and is sent to the Tower,
ii. 260 ; behedded, ii. 264.
Fitzgarard, Thomas, sonne to the erle of Kyldare,
rebelled, ii. 263 ; hanged at Tiborne, ii. 277.
Fitz Herbert, Anthony, a Justice of the common
place, ii. 15.
Fitz James, Jhon, made Chief Baron of the Es-
chequer, i. 236.
Fitz James, Rychard, bishop of London, i. 129 ;
hys letter to the Cardinall, i. 140 ; hys wordes
in the parliaments chamber, i. 141.
Fyz Richard, Symon, i. 148.
Fitz Roy, Henry, created duke of Richmond, ii.
49-
Fitz Warren, lorde, i. 224.
Fitz William, William, hurte with a quarrel, i.
60; made knyghte at Tornaye, i. 116; dyd
valyauntlye at Treiport, i. 294 ; hys enterpryse
at Samer de Boys, ii. 5, 10 ; created earle of
Southhampton, ii. 280; he dyeth at Newe
Castell, ii. 338.
Flaunders, Admiral of, i. 35.
Floddon hyll, i. 106.
Florence, ii. 90.
Fluddes, i. 322.
Fogge, Jhon, i. 36 ; made knight, i. 37.
Forest, Frier, ii. 26, 280 ; burned in Smithfeld, ii.
282.
Forman, Jhon, knight, serjaunt porter to the
kyng of Scottes, taken prisoner at the Scottes
field, i. 109 ; he lamenteth sore to se the dead
corpse of the kyng of Scottes, hys maister, i.
112.
 William, knight, maior of London, ii. 287.
Foskew, Adrian, knyght, i. 259; attainted of
treason and behedded, ii. 285.
Fote in bosome, i. 19.
Fountain curiously made, i. 54.
Fountraby in Byskay, i. 44 5 beseaged of the
Frenchmen, i. 232; delivered for want of
vitailes, i. 233 ; is wonne againe by the Span
yardes, i. 323.
Foure fiftenes graunted, ii. 3°5-
Fox, doctor, provost of Cambrydge, 11. 213.
Fraunces the first, kyng of Fraunce, 1. 140 ; he
meteth the kyng of England betwene Arde and
Guysnes, i. 199 ; maketh warre wyth the Em-
VOL. II.

peror by sea and lande, i. 226 ; he goeth with
a mightie army himselfe in person to the coun
trey of Cambray, i. 231 ; sendeth hys Admyrall
into Italy with an army, i. 300 ; is taken prisoner
at the siege of Pavia, ii. 29 ; sendeth a letter to
his mother, ii. 31 ; he fell sicke in prison, ii.
53 ; his articles he swore to kepe with the
Emperor, ii. 59 ; he is delivered, ii. 63 ; he
breaketh his promise with the Emperor, ii. 65 ;
is made knight of the Garter, ii. 107 ; sendeth
defiaunce to the Emperor, ii. 121 ; his chyldren
delivered, ii. 179; his saiyng to them in the
presence of the kyng of England, ii. 215; he
concludeth a peace with the kyng of England,
ii- 359-
Frauncisco, secretary to Cardinal Campeius, ii.
144.
Fraye betweene the Englishemen and the Span
yardes in the village called Sancta Maria, i. 48.
Freers and Nonnes suppressed, ii. 282.
Frencheman strove with a Carpenter in London
for bying of two stockdoves in Chepe, i. 154.
 that should abjure the realme, i. 154.
Frenchmen of armes fled and made the whole host
of France to return, i. 69-71, 78.
 robbed and spoyled the Englishmen on the
sea, i. 236.
 in London arrested and had to prison, i.
244.
 made a skirmishe at Guysnes, 1. 262.
 and Scottes imprisoned and all their goodes
se?zed, i. 263.
 landed in the Isle of Wyght, ii. 352.
Frith, Jhon, ii. 261.
Fronsberge, George, an Almaine, ii. 73.
Frost, i. 314.
Frowdes, a gentleman, hanged at sainct Thomas
of Waterynges, ii. 312.
Frynge or Frynges, a towne in France, brent, i.
269.
Fulbery, lorde of, ii. 1 1.
Gage, Jhon, ii. 6.
Galeye lost, i. 54.
Galoway in Scotland, i. 278.
Gardiner, Stephin, secretary to the kyng, ii. 156 ;
he is sent into Fraunce, being bishop of Win
chester, ii. 266 ; his sermon at Paules crosse,
ii. 304.
Garet, Thomas, prieste, brent in Smithefelde, 11.
309.
Garnishe, Christopher, made knight, i. 116, 124.
Garter, kyng of armes in England, i. 212.
Geane, a cyty in Italy, ii. 162.
Gelson, Jhon, yoman of the Croune, 1. 164.
Generall Pardon, i. 2, ii. 169.
Gertrude, wyfe to the marques of Excester, at
tainted of treason, ii. 284.
Gibson, Richarde, serjant at armes, ii. 41.
Gybson, Richard, yoman of the tentes, i. 65.
Gnasto, marques of, ii. 141.
God, Thon, i. 133-
Gold," Thomas, gentleman, 11. 245.
Golden Valay, i. 267.
Golding, wyth a litle Craer, toke the shyp called
the Barck Ager, ii. 358.

37°

King Henry the VIII.

Gonstone, Willyam, grocer of London, i. 51.
Gonzaga, Ferdinando de, Viceroy of Cicile, came
to the kyng to Hampten Courte in Christmas
weke, ii. 345.
Gradon, lorde of, in Scotland taken prisoner,
i. 301.
Grafton, a small village, ii. 154.
Gray, lord, the kynges Deputy for Ireland, ii.
293> 312, 350; hye capitayne of Bulleyn, ii.
360.
 lord Jhon, hys horse slayne under hym with
a gonne, i. 95.
 lorde Leonard, i. 306 ; he and hys company
defendeth the castle of Loyaltie, ii. 21 ; appre
hended and had to the Tower, ii. 308 ; be
hedded, ii. 312.
Grey of Wilton, lorde, dyeth of the sweate, i.
161.
Grey, Thomas, marques of Dorset. See Dorset.
Great Oneele in Ireland, ii. 15.
Grene, Jhon, ii. 43.
Gresham, Rycharde, ii. 41.
Gryvell, Edward, knyght, i. 296.
Guyan, a countrey, i. 45.
Guylford, Edwarde, i. 12 ; made knyghte, i. 116,
165, 245 ; he goeth to Marguison to mete the
capitayn of Bullayne, i. 257, 262, 266 ; his
enterpryze at the castle of Bowhen, i. 314.
 Henry, esquier, i. 21, 28; made knight, i.
33, 54, ii. 166.
Gylforde, Thomas, knyghte, i. 69.
Guiot, an esquire of Burgoyn, i. 34.
Guyot of Guy, a gentleman of Flaunders, i. 42.
Gyot, a genteiman of Almayne, i. 20.
Hadley, a toune in Essex, ii. 42.
Hales, Christopher, the kynges attorney, ii. 156,
184.
Hambelton, William, knyght in Scotland, ii.
34i-
Hamelton, Stephen, knyghte, ii. 279.
Hampton Court, ii. 50.
Hangman of London called Cratwel, hanged, ii.
282.
Hanibal, Thomas, maister of the Rolles, ii. 13.
Hardyngham castle in Fraunce, i. 276 ; brent
and spoyled by the Englishmen, i. 293, ii. 6.
Hare, Nicholas, knight, put out of hys office, ii.
304; restored agayne, ii. 305.
Harman, Thomas, ii. 310.
Harow of the hill, i. 322.
Harvy, Nicholas, a valiant esquier, ii. 84; the
sayeng of a great marques of Spayne to hym in
the Emperours courte, ii. 198 ; hys answer, ii.
198.
Hastinges, lorde, i. 61, ii. 171, 214, 218.
Hatton, a toune in Gelderland, ii. 137.
Haward, Edmond, knyght, and after lorde, i. 1 1 ;
Marshall of the hoste at Scottes felde, i. 100 ;
in great daunger of hys lyfe, i. 108 ; indicted
of riottes, i. 180; is pardoned, i. 180.
 Edwarde, lord Admirall, i. II, 21, 29;
taketh the Barke of Scotlande, i. 38 ; is sent
to the sea agayne, i. 42 ; is drouned in the sea,
i. 60.
 Katheryn, maryed to the kyng, ii. 3 10;

accused of dissolute livyng, ii. 313 ; behedded,
"• 314-
Haward, Thomas, affyed to the ladye Margaret
Douglas, ii. 269.
 Thomas, erle of Surrey, i. 60, 96 ; he
departeth heavely from the kyng at Dover, i.
96; he prepareth an armye to defende the
Scottes, i. 97 ; hys sonne the lorde Admyrall
cometh to hym from the sea, i. 99; hejoyneth
battayll wyth the Scottes, i. 106 ; wynneth the
field, i. 1 1 1 ; he returneth to the Quene, i. 113;
is created .duke of Norffolke, i. 118, 123; he
dyeth and is buried at Thetford in Suffolke, ii.
38.
 Thomas, lorde, i. 11 ; toke Andrew
Barton on the sea, i. 38 ; is made lorde
Admirall, goeth to the sea, i. 60; commeth
from the sea to ayde hys father agaynste the
Scottes, i. 99 ; meteth the kyng at Caleis at
hys returne from Tournay, i. 117; is created
erle of Surrey, i. 118; made deputie of
Irelande, i. 182 ; returneth into England, i.
234, 240; hys father dyeth, ii. 38; after the
death of hys father is made duke of Norffolke,
ii. 42 ; elected into the ordre of Sainct Michell,
ii. 217 ; is sent agaynste the rebelles in the
North, ii. 275 ; ambassadour to the Frenche
kyng, ii. 303 ; attaynted of treason, ii. 360.
 lorde Wylliam, ii. 314.
Hawkhurst, a monke in Canterbury, ii. 253.
Hedyng beseged of the Frenchmen, i. 269;
treason there, ii. 28.
Henaude, i. 315.
Henry the eight, kyng of England, beganne his
reigne, i. I ; marieth his brother Arthur's wyfe,
i. 4 ; he and the quene is crowned, i. 7 ; re-
quireth his inheritaunce in Fraunce, i. 39 ;
sayleth over into Fraunce, i. 64 ; besiegeth
Tyrwyn, i. 72 ; receaveth a letter of defiaunce
from the kyng of Scottes, i. 75 ; his aunswere
by letter, i. 80 ; reteineth the emperour Maxi
milian and all his men in wages, i. 83 ; con-
quereth Tyrwyn, i. 89 ; besiegeth Tournay, i.
95 ; receyveth news of the kyng of Scottes
death, i. 113; possesseth Tournay, i. 115;
returneth into England, i. 118; receyveth
the capp of maintenaunce, i. 121 ; maketh a
league with the French kyng, i. 122 ; the
French kyng entreateth him to have Tournay
agayne, i. 168 ; he agreeth thereto upon con-
dicions, i. 169 ; delivereth it, i. 175 ; a solemn
metyng concluded betweene hym and the
French kyng, i. 182 ; he goeth to Dover to
welcome Charles the Emperour, i. 189; he
passeth over to Caleys, i. 189 ; he meteth the
French kyng, i. 199 ; returneth to Caleys, and
goeth to the Emperor to Graveling, i. 218,
219 ; returneth to England, i. 221 ; he is made
defender of the fayth, i. 235 ; receaveth the
Emperour at Dover agayne, i. 245 ; he and the
Emperour joyntly sendeth defiaunce to the duke
of Loraine, i. 258 ; sendeth an armie into
Fraunce, i. 296 ; receaveth a present from the
Emperour, i. 306 ; in jeopardy at Justes, i. 320 ;
in jeopardy of drouning, ii. 38 ; he maketh a
new league with the French kyng, ii. 52 ;

the league sworne, ii. 65 ; he requireth of the
Emperour one halfe of the treasure that was
taken at Pavia, ii. 68 ; receiveth the order of
S. Michell, ii. 108; he sendeth defiaunce to
the Emperour, ii. 121 ; oracion concerning his
manage, ii. 145; he is named supreme hed,
11. 183 ; he leaveth the company of the quene
because his mariage was in controversy, ii.
197 ; a new metyng concluded betweene him
and the French kyng, ii. 213; their metyng,
11. 214; returneth into England, ii. 221 ; he
marieth privily lady Anne Bulleyn, ii. 222 ; is
divorsed from quene Katherine, ii. 224 ; quene
Anne, his wife, beheaded, ii. 268 ; he marieth
lady Jane Seymer, ii. 269 ; she dyeth, ii. 279 ;
he marieth lady Anne of Cleve, ii. 302 ;
devorced from her, ii. 308 ; he maryeth lady
Katheryn Haward, ii. 310; she is behedded,
ii. 314; proclaymed kyng of Irelande, ii. 315 ;
he maryeth lady Katherin Par, ii. 342; he
sendeth an army into Scotlande, ii. 346 ; be
siegeth Bulleyn, ii. 349 ; winneth it, ii. 349 ;
returneth into England, ii. 350 ; goeth to
Portesmouth, ii. 351 ; hys oracion in the par
liament house, ii. 354 ; he maketh peace with
Fraunce, ii. 359 ; dyeth and is buryed at Wynd
sore, ii. 361.
Henry, the fyrst sonne of Henry the eight, borne
on Newyeres day, i. 22 ; he dyeth, i. 27.
Heron, Elyzabeth, i. 101.
 Jhon, bastarde, sore hurte, i. 108 ; he with
others entreth into Scotland, ii. 11; is slain,
ii. 12.
 Thon, knyghte, died of the pestilence, i.
234.
 Wylliam, prysoner in Scotlande, i. 101.
Hert, Thomas, i. 34.
Hewet, Andrew, ii. 262.
Hewster, Jhon, mercer, ii. 41.
Hichyn, in Hartford shyre, i. 275.
Hill, Rowland, shirife of London, ii. 315.
Hodie, lord, chief Baron of the kynges Eschequer,
i- 236.
Holand, a mariner, hanged, ii. 283.
Hollys, Willyam, knyght, mayer of London, ii.
297.
Hoist, Frederick, duke of, i. 288.
Holt, Wyllyam, ii. 262.
Holye mayde of Kente, ii. 259.
Home, Davy, a Scot, slayne, i. 108.
Hood, Robyn, i. 146.
Hopton, Jhon, i. 42.
Horsnayle, Richard, i. 140.
Horsey, Wyllyam, chaunceler to the bishop of
London, i. 129 ; endited of the murder of Hun,
i. 129.
Horsses and Geldynges brake out of the lord
Dacres campe, i. 301.
Hosey, lord, behedded at Lyncolne, ii. 279.
Hostages of Fraunce, i. 170, 175, 179, 243.
Houses brent at Temple barre, ii. 263.
Hudson, Edmonde, i. 142.
Hugo, lord, Viceroy of Naples, ii. 141.
Hull, ii. 313-
Hume, Alexander, a Scot, 1. 101.
 George, a Scotte prysoner in England, i. 101.

Hun, Richard, murthered in the Lollers tower,
i. 129.
Hunnyng, Richard, and Brickes, Richard, of the
Caterie, i. 73.
Huse, Jhon, knight, i. 287.
 ¦ William, made knight at Tornay, i. 116.
Husey, Edward, knyght, i. 61.
Ichingham, Edwarde, knyght, i. 54, 57, 100,
259.
Images suppressed, ii. 282.
Inglefelde, Thomas, speaker of the parliament,
i. 14.
Injunctions of the abrogacion of Holy daies, ii.
269.
Inquiry of the death of Hun, i. 130.
Insurrection at Coventry, i. 318.
 in Gaunt, ii. 290.
 in Germany, ii. 46.
 in Lyncolneshire, ii. 270.
 in Suffolke, ii. 42.
 in Yorkeshire, ii. 275.
Isabell, Quene, wife to the kyng of Denmarke,
i. 288.
Jacke of Musgrave, ii. 339.
Jago, Water, i. 317.
James of Hul, a shyp so called, i. 56.
James Stewarde, kyng of Scottes, made homage
to Henry the sixt at Wyndsore, ii. 333, 337.
 the fourthe, kyng of Scotland, i, I ; sendeth
deffiaunce to the kyng of England, which lay at
the siege of Tyrwyn, i. 75; invadeth England
wyth all his power, i. 97, 98 ; is slayne, i. no ;
hys deade bodye founde and knowen by the
lorde Dacres, i. 112; conveyed to Richemonde,
i. 113.
 the fyfth, kyng of Scottes, sendeth hys
ambassadors into England, ii. 20; requireth
lady Mary, the kynges daughter, in mariage,
ii. 21 ; sendeth new ambassadors, ii. 259 ;
installed at Wynsore into the order of the
Garter, ii. 266 ; marieth lady Magdalene, the
French kynges eldest daughter, ii. 280 ; after
her death marieth ladye Mary, duches of
Longvile, ii. 282 ; he sendeth an army into
England, ii. 339 ; hys chiefe lordes betaken
prysoners, and he hymselfe dyeth in a Frenesy,
ii- 339-
Jane, daughter and heire of Fraunces, duke of
Britayne, i. 229.
Jedworth in Scotland brent, i. 301.
Jenny Edmond, ii. 157-
Jenyns, Stephen, maior of London, i. 10.
Jermyn, master, ii. 43.
Jernyngham, Richard, knyghte, capitaine of
Tournay, i. 174; admitted into the kynges
privie chamber, i. 178.
 Robert, i. 213 ; breaketh a spere on the
lorde Pountdormy, i. 308; is made knyghte,
i. 315 ; goeth betwene the kyng and the duke
of Suffolke wyth letters, i. 316 : hys enterprise
at Houndyngbrige, i. 319 ; his enterprise at •
Bulleyn, ii. 3, 7, 19, 84, 103, 116; he dyeth,
ii. 117.
Jerney, abbot of, hanged at Tiborne, ii. 279.

37^

King Henry the VIII.

Jerome of Burgon, capitain of Turnahan, ii. 6.
Jerome, Wyllyam, and two more wyth hym burned
in Smithfeld, ii. 308.
Jhon, Prior, aydeth the French kyng wyth hys
Galies, i. 56 ; the Admyrall of Englande assay-
leth hym in Whitesand Baye, i. 59 ; he Iandeth
in Sussex, i. 121 ; is shot in the face with an
arrow, i. 121.
Jhonson, Robert, i. 136.
Jokyn, Jhon, came into England to entreate a
peace from the kynges mother, and was prively
kept in doctor Larkes house, ii. 26 ; returneth
into Fraunce, ii. 30, 38 ; he cometh into
England agayne as ambassadour, ii. 50, 65.
Jones, Jhon, Jhon Potter, and William Maner
yng hanged in Paules churchyard, ii. 284.
Jorden, Alexander, a Scot, ii. 12.
Joseph, Charles, endicted of the murder of Hun,
i. 132 ; his confession, i. 133.
Journey of Spurres, i. 87.
Joy, Roy mon, kyng of armes in Fraunce, i. 212.
Justes, i. 9, 15,21, 28, 38, 53, 116, 151, 164,
176, 204, 221, 236, 246, 319, ii. 57, 78, 108,
149, 3°3-
Kappe, a toune in Fraunce, i. 309.
Kar, George, taken prisoner, ii. 8.
Katherine, Prince Arthur's wife, maried to kyng
Henry the eight, hys brother, i. 4 ; crouned
quene, i. 7 ; delivered of a Prince, i. 22 ; it
dyeth, i. 27 ; she is made governer of the realme
whyle the kyng lyeth at Tyrwyn, i. 64 ; she is
delivered of a Princes called Mary, i. 150 ; her
mariage in question, ii. 147 ; she is cyted, ii.
150 ; she appealeth to Rome, ii. 150 ; the laste
tyme that she ever saw the kyng, ii. 197 ; is
called princes Dowager, ii. 223 ; divorsed from
the kyng, ii. 224; she dyed at Kymbalton, and
is buried at Peterborough, ii. 266.
Kateryne Galley, a shippe, i. 317.
Keerne, Edward, the kynges Orator at Rome, ii.
180.
Keies delivered, i. 92.
Kelsy, a toune in Scotland, burned, i. 264.
Kyldare, erle of, discharged of his office of
deputie, i. 182, ii. 15; is sent into Ireland
agayne, ii. 179 ; he dyeth prisoner in the
Tower, ii. 263.
Kyngston, Anthony, knyght, i. 238.
 William, knight, i. 152 ; promoted into the
privie chamber, i. 178, 221.
Knevet, Anthony, i. 238, 259, ii. 23.
 Charles, esquyer, i. 224.
 Thomas, knyghte, i. n, 21, 22; spoyled of
his appareli, i. 27, 54.
Knyght, doctor, ii. 205.
Knightes of the Bath madq, ii. 232.
Krekers, otherwyse called adventurers, i. 310,
314 ; they enterpryze at Samer de Boys, ii. 5,17.
Kyeme, Jhon, and Jhon Skevyngton, shyriffes of
London, i. 226.
Labourers, masons, and carpenters sent to
Torney, i. 152.
Lacelles, Jhon, gentleman, burned in Smithfelde,
ii. 360.

Lambert, a priest, otherwise called Jhon Nichol
son, burned in Smythfeld, ii. 283.
 Richard, gentleman, ii. 19.
Lanam, a town, ii. 42.
Lancaster, an Herauld, i. 29.
Larke, docter, ii. 26.
Lathebery, a capitain, i. 291.
Latimer, Hugh, bishop of Worcester, ii. 281.
Latymer, Katherin, maried to the kyng, ii. 342.
Laundersey, ii. 342.
Laurence, Thomas, ii. 245.
Lawde, a citie in Naples, ii. 139.
Lawtrick, lord, lyethe in Italy wyth an armye at
the charges of the king of England and the
Frenche king, ii. 112; he besiegeth Pavy, ii.
114, 116, 125, 135 ; he falleth sicke at Naples,
ii. 140 ; he dyeth in the countrey of Naples and
hys bodye conveighed into Fraunce, ii. 140.
Leagueproclaymed betweneEngland and Fraunce,
i. 149.
 devised by Pope Clement, ii. 66.
 called the holy league of Clement, ii. 69.
 sworne betweene kyng Henry and the Em
perour, ii. 342.
Lee, Edward, the kynges Almoner, i. 321, ii. 78,
106, 101, 126, 173.
Legate from Pope Leo, i. 165.
Leigh, a gentleman executed at Tyborne, ii.
312.
Leirmouth, James, Master of the kyng of Scottes
houshold, ii. 323, 341.
Letany, a new fonde, ii. 97.
Leva, Anthony de, a Spanyard capitain of Pavia,
ii. 26, 70, 112, 163 ; he encorageth his souldiers,
ii. 142.
Lewes the twelve, kyng of Fraunce, i. 1 ; he had
warre with Pope July, i. 39 ; he marieth the
kyng of Englandes syster lady Mary, i. 124 ;
he dyeth, i. 145.
 Jhon, i. 53.
Ligny, lord, of Flaunders, i. 66, 84, 93.
Lyncoln, Jhon, a broker in London, i. 155; ap
prehended and sent to the Towre, i. 161 ;
hanged at the standard in Chepe, i. 162.
Lind, Thomas, made knight, i. 37.
Lisle, lord Adam, i. 66, 91, 113, 116.
 Arthur Plantagenet, viscount, i. 288 ; made
deputie of Calais, ii. 394 ; he dyeth in the
Tower, ii. 315.
 a toune in Flaunders, i. 91.
Lith, a toune in Scotland, i. 244 ; taken of the
Englishmen, ii. 346; consumed wyth fyer, ii.
348.
Littell, Julian, her deposicion of the death of
Hun, i. 133.
Loane gathered, i. 277.
 released, ii. 169.
Locke, Wyllyam, mercer of London, ii. 247.
Lodowyke, monsire, capitayn of Depe, i. 290.
Lome, Geffery, abjured, ii. no.
Lomley, William, hanged at Tiborne, ii. 279.
Longvyle, duke of, i. 68 ; taken in battayll, i. 87 ;
delivered, i. 123.
Longvile, Mary, duches of, maryed to James the
fift, kyng of Scottes, ii. 282 ; she is delivered
of a daughter called Mary, ii. 339.

Lother, sir, priest, a Scot and secretary to the
quene of Scottes, i. 274.
Lovedaie, Jhon, i. 53.
Lovell, Thomas, knyght, i. 64, 96, 224, 243.
Lucie, Thomas, i. 42 ; made knight, i. 52.
Luffkin, George, i. 247.
Lumley, lorde, ii. 304.
Luxborne, a citie in Portingale, ii. 195.
Lyhome, a toune in Fraunce, i. 309.
Lyon kyng of armes of Scotland, i. 75.
Madrill Castle in Spain, where the Frenche
kyng lay prysoner, ii. 53.
Magnus, Thomas, priest, Ambassadour in Scot
land, ii. 15, 245.
Mahomet, i. 280.
Maiyng of shoters hil, i. 146.
Makerel, doctor, a Monke, executed, ii. 275.
Maneryng, William, and two more wyth hym,
hanged in Paules churchyarde, ii. 284.
Manners, Thomas, lorde Roos, created erle of
Rutlande, ii. 49.
Mantell, a gentleman hanged at sainct Thomas of
Waterynges, ii. 312.
Mantua, ii. 227.
 marques of, ii. 227.
Marbecke, Jhon, ii. 343.
Marcelles in Province besieged of the duke of
Burbon, ii. 18, 212.
Marchauntes goods seazed both in England and
Fraunce, ii. 341.
Marche, Robert de la, i. 284.
Margaret, quene of Scottes, commeth into Eng
land, to have succour of the kyng her brother,
i. 150; she retumeth into Scotland, i. 163.
Marguison, a towne in Fraunce, i. 62 ; brente by
the Englishmen, i. 276, ii. 9.
Maryner, Jhon, capitain of the Kateryne Galley
on the sea, i. 317; he dyeth at Depe, i.
Maryon, a Scot, 11. 330.
Marke and diverse other villages brent of the
Frenchmen, ii. 353.
Markham, capitain of the barke of Sandwyche,
i. 317-
Marney, Henry, knyghte, capitaine of the garde,
i. 222 ; made lorde of the Privie Seale, and
after that lord Marney, i. 284, 296.
Marte kept at Calice, ii. 97.
Marviell, Charles de, a Frenchman, i. 292.
Mary, syster to kyng Henry the eight, is pre
pared by hym to go into Flaunders, to perform
the mariage promysed, i. 118 ; the counsaile of
Flaunders wyll not receive her that yere, i. 121 ;
she is maryed to Lewes, the French kyng, i.
124; crowned queene of Fraunce, i. 126; the
kyng her husband dyeth, i. 145 ; she returneth
into England and maryeth wyth the duke of
Suffolke, i. 145 ; she dyeth, i. 242.
 daughter to kyng Henry the eight, borne at
Grenewiche, i. 150; promysed in mariage to
the Dolphyn of Fraunce upon condicion, i. 169;
required in mariage of the kyng of Scottes, ii.
21 ; likewise of the Emperor, ii. 29 ; her hous
hold established, ii. 49.
Mary Rose drouned, ii. 352.

Masons, carpenters, and labourers sent to Torney,
i. 152.
Master, Richard, priest, ii. 245.
Matraverse, lorde, ii. 218.
Maximilian the Emperour, i. 1, 75 ; he commeth
to the kyng of England to Tyrwyn, i. 75 ; is
reteined with the kyng in wages, i. 83, 85 ; he
dyeth, i. 177.
Maxweli, lorde, of Scotland, ii. 12, 323.
Maynvile, Anthony, gentleman, hanged at Ty-
borne, i. 3 1 8.
Medices, Jhon de, cosyn to Pope Clement, slayne
with a gonne, ii. 74.
Mekins, Richard, burned in Smithfeld, ii. 311.
Melphe, a great toune in Spayne, ii. 117.
Melton, Jhon, Esquire, i. 43.
Memorancy, Annas de, great Maister of Fraunce,
ii. 178 ; made knyght of the Garter, ii. 220.
Mendosa, Hugo de, Ambassador from the Em
perour, ii. 79 ; is commanded towarde by the
Cardinal, ii. J123 ; delivered agayne, ii. 127, 131.
Myddlemore, a monke of the Charterhouse,
hanged at Tyborne, ii. 264.
Mylforde, i. 106.
Mylfelde, i. 104.
Millain, i. 324, ii. 26, 59, 70.
Myracle, ii. 276.
Modon, a towne belonging to the Turke, ii. 206.
Mody, Edmond, one of the fotemen to kyng
Henry the eyght, whych saved hym from
drownyng, ii. 38.
Moncada, Hugo de, ii. 91.
Mondy, Jhon, Alderman resisted of the pren-
tyses, i. 159.
Monke of the Charterhouse beside Bristow called
Henton attached and had to the Tower, i. 223 ;
he gave credence against the duke of Bucking
ham, i. 224.
Monkes of the Charterhouse named Exmewe,
Myddlemore and Nudigate, hanged at Tyborne,
ii. 264.
Mordant, John, knight, ii. 232.
Mordant, lorde, ii. 218.
Morley, lorde, i. 224, 321.
Morles assauted and gotten, i. 259.
More, Thomas, knyghte, i. 159; hys oracion to
Cardinall Campeius, i. 167 ; hys oracion before
the Emperour, i. 250 ; made speaker of the
Parlyament, i. 279, ii. 65 ; made Chauncellor
of Englande, ii. 158; discharged thereof, ii.
212 ; apprehended and sent to the Tower, ii.
260 ; behedded, ii. 265.
Moron, chief counsailer with the duke of Millain,
ii. 70.
Morres, Christopher, knight, master gunner, i.
259, ii. 347.
Mountdedier in Fraunce besieged, i. 309 ; yelded,
i- 311-
Mount sainct Martyne, 1. 313.
Moyle, Thomas, of Kent sent to the Flete, ii.
79.
Murmor of the people, ii. 126.
Musgrave, Leonard, taken prisoner, ii. 12.
Musgrave, Nichol, ii. 277-
Muster in London, ii. 287.
Musters through the realme, i. 237, 277, ii. 275.

374

King Henry the VIII.

Muttering of the people, ii. 36.
Muttrell besieged, ii. 348.
Naples, i. 324.
Narbyn, a toune in Fraunce, brent, i. 268.
Navar, kyng of, victailled the English armie in
Biskey, i. 44 ; is sodainly besieged in Pampi-
lona of the Spanyardes, and flyeth into Fraunce,
where he after died, i. 47.
Nece, ii. 227.
Neudigate, Fraunces, i. 295.
Nudigate, a Monke of the Charterhouse, hanged
at Tyborne, ii. 264.
Nevell, Edwarde, knyghte, i. 12, 22, 29, 125 ;
forbidden the kynges presence, i. 223 ; restored
agayne to hys favour, i. 236 ; apprehended and
sent to the Tower, ii. 283 ; behedded, ii. 283.
 George, Lord Burgayny, apprehended and
had to the Tower, i. 236.
 ¦ Jhon, knight, i.' 67, 84.
Newbolt, a yoman of the garde, i. 41.
Newe Castle upon Tyne, ii. 313.
 a toune in Fraunce, i. 262.
Newdike, a strong passage in Flaunders, i. 293.
Newhalle in Essex, otherwyse called Beaulieu, i.
179.
Newnam bridge, i. 73.
New Testament forbidden, ii. 177; burned by
John Stokesley, bishop of London, ii. 178 ; also
by Cuthbert Tunstall, bishop of Durham, ii.
160.
Norffolke, Agnes, duches of, committed to the
Tower, ii. 314.
Norham castell besieged, i. 98.
Norrys, Henry, i. 206, ii. 154 ; behedded, ii. 268.
Norton, John, esquire, i. 35 ; made knight, i. 37.
Norton, Sampson, Marshal of Torney, banished
the toune for ever, 149.
Othe to the kyng, ii. 211.
 to the Pope, ii. 210.
Obryn, lorde, in Ireland, ii. 342.
Odirsaell, church of, in France, taken by the
Englishmen, i. 292.
Officers servaunts put out of the courte, ii. 56.
Ogle, lorde, i. 180, 304.
Onyon, Oliver, priest, hanged at Redyng, ii.
294.
Oracion of Cuthbert Tunstall at the Parliament,
i. 278.
 of Sir Thomas More in the Parliament
house, i. 279.
 of Thomas Wolsey, Cardinall, i. 284.
 of a byshop of Scotland to the kyng of
England, ii. 21.
 of monsire Brynyon, the president of Roan,
ii. 64.
 of master John Faber, ii. 81.
 of Thomas Audeley, speaker of the Parlia
ment, ii. 165.
Orbyne, Fraunces, duke of, ii. 138.
Ormound, erle of, in Irelande, ii. 15.
Ossery, earle of, the kynges deputie in Ireland,
ii. 178.
Otes, Yonker, a capitain of the Almaines, i.
35-

Otterden, Nicholas, prieste, burned in Smithe-
felde, ii. 360.
Oughtbred, Anthony, knight, i. 55.
Owen, Davie, knyght, i. 61.
Pace, Richard, the kynges secretary, i, 170, 178,
ii. 18, 76, 121. 1
Packington, Augustine, ii. 161.
 Robert, murthered wyth a gonne, ii. 278.
Padua, ii. 174, 191.
Padulla, Fredericke, marques of, with diverse
other noblemen, came into England to se the
kyng, ii. 308.
Pageaunt devised like a mountayne, i. 22 ; made
like a forest with rockes, hylles, and dales, i.
23 ; upon wheles, i. 26 ; spoyled and broken
by' the rude people, i. 27 ; lyke a rocke artifi
cially made, i. 171.
Pageauntes in London at the receaving of the
Emperour, i. 351.
Paget, William, and secretary to the kyng, ii.
353-
Pallas knightes, i. 13.
Palmer, Thomas, knyght, i. 157 ; his chaunce by
the waye, going to se his frend, ii. 6.
Pampilona, chief citie of Naver, sodainly besieged
of the Spanyardes, i. 47 ; yelded, i. 47.
Pardon of the greate demaunde of money, ii.
45-
Pargitor, Thomas, mayer of London, ii. 201.
Paris, ii. 186.
Parker, doctor, chauncelor of the dyoces of
Worcester, ii. 225.
Parliament, i. 14, 41, 56, 144, 148, ii. 183, 202,
259. 267, 269, 305, 314, 354.
 at the blacke Fryers, i. 278.
 proroged, i. 287.
 adjourned to Westminster and dissolved, i.
287.
 of Scotlande, ii. 12.
Parr, Thomas, knight, i. 160.
Parre, Wyllyam, knyght, i. 12 ; made lord Par
of Horton, ii. 345.
 Wyllyam, lord, ii. 297 ; created erle of
Essex, ii. 345.
Pasmar, Jhon, i. 133, 142.
Pauier, the toune clerke of the citee of London,
hanged himself, ii. 244.
Pavia besieged and taken, ii. 114.
Pawlet, Wyllyam, knyght, ii. 227 ; created lord
Sainte Jhon, ii. 284.
Peace betweene England, Flaunders, and the low
countreyes of Picardy for viii. monethes, ii.
136.
 betweene the Emperour and the French
kyng, ii. 62.
 broken, ii. 65.
 concluded betweene England and Fraunce,
i. 173-
 broken, i. 226.
 renewed agayne, ii. 53.
 sworn, ii. 64.
Pechy, Jhon, knyght, i. 12 ; sent to Caleis, i. 14 ;
vice governour of the horsmen at Tyrwyn, i. 67,
84 ; made Banneret, i. 87 ; made deputie of
Caleis, i. 178 ; he dyeth, i. 234, 240.

Index

375

Pecocke, Stephen, maior of London, ii. 229.
Percie, Henry, erle of Northumberland, i. 61 ;
made Warden of the Marches, i. 277.
Percy, Thomas, knyght, hanged at Tiborne, ii.
279.
Perke, Gylbert, priest, Chauncellor to the duke
of Buckyngham, apprehended and had to the
Tower, i. 224.
Persone, Anthony, prieste, burned at Wynsore,
"-.343-
Pestilence, i. 240.
Philip, Fraunces, scholemaster to the kinges
Henxmen, i. 318.
Phillips, Thomas, ii. 284.
Pickerin Leigh, ii. 278.
Pykeryng, Christopher, clerke of the Larder, i.
318; hanged at Tyborne, i. 318.
Pirton, William, made knight, i. 52.
Pistare, marques of, ii. 18 ; wordes betwene him
and the duke of Burbon, ii. 18, 29.
Plantagenet, Arthur, i. 58.
Play, ii. 109; at Grayes Inne, ii. 79.
Pluralities, ii. 170.
Pole, Gefferey, ii. 283.
 Henry, lord Montague, apprehended and
had to the Tower, i. 223 ; restored to the
kynges favour agayne, i. 236, 296, ii. 218 ;
apprehended and had to the Tower, ii. 283 ;
behedded, ii. 283.
 Richard de la, i. 68 ; appoynted by the
French kyng to kepe Normandy, and to entre
into England, i. 122 ; is much favored of the
French kyng, i. 276 ; goeth into Scotland with
the duke of Albany, i. 302.
Pollard, George, knyght, slaine, ii. 354.
Pompey, Cardinal of Colume, ii. 74.
Pompfret, i. 97.
Ponynges, Thomas, knyght, ii. 305.
Pontdormie, monsire, capitaine of Heddyng, ii.
28.
Poo, a river in Italy, ii. 69, 74, 75.
Pooie, Arthur, i. 206.
Pope abholished, ii. 263.
Portesmouth, ii. 351.
Pound, Jhon de, a Frenche capitain, taken
prisoner, i. 319.
Pountiver, erle of, came to the kynge to Wynd
sore from the duke of Burbon, and was banished
Fraunce, i. 317.
Pountremy, lorde, capitain generall of Tyrwyn,
i. 62 ; he yeldeth the citie, i. 89 ; he goeth to
Picardy with a greate army, i. 122, 311,
ii. 7.
Povertie, capitaine of the insurrection in Suffolke,
ii. 43.
Powes, lorde, 1. 296.
Powninges, Edwarde, knight of the Garter, is
sent to the ladye Margaret with xv.c. archers,
i. 33 ; he returneth into England, i. 37 ; is
made the kynges Lieutenaunt at Tornay, i.
1 16; he kept it valiantly in good order and
justice, i. 117; discharged thereof by hys own
suett, i. 149.
Poynes, Anthony, knyght, i. 259.
 Fraunces, knight, ii. 89, 100, 118; he died
of the sweat, ii. 137.

Pratt, monsire, the Emperors ambassadour, ii.
27 ; he departeth prively out of England, ii.
38.
Preparations for the kynges going into France, i.
181.
Present given to the Frenche ambassadours by
the city of London, ii. 106.
Pryde of the Frenchemen, i. 154.
Priestes arrested and sente to prison, ii. 201.
Probates of Testamentes and Mortuaries in
question, ii. 167.
Processions, ii. 96.
Proclamacyon, ii. 180.
Prophesy, ii. 281.
Proposicion made by the Frenche ambassadour,
ii. 107.
 of a Portyngale, i. 324.
Proverbes, i. 313, ii. 360.
Province, i. 317.
Pulleon, Anthony, one of the Popes Orators, ii.
257.
Radcliffe, Robert, lorde Fitzwater, i. 61 ;
created viscount, ii. 49 ; created erle of Sussex,
ii. 171.
Ratcliffe, Roger, esquier, wyth other sent into
Scotland, ii. 15.
Rancon, erle Guy of, ii. 140.
Raufe of Fanwycke, knyghte, taken prisoner in
Scotlande, ii. n.
Ravenston, lord, a noble man of Flaunders, i. 91.
Renay and fluddes, ii. 82.
Raynsford, John, i. 261.
Rebellion in Yorkshyre, ii. 313.
Redyng, ii. 36.
 abbot of, called Hugh Feringdon, hanged
at Redyng, ii. 294.
Refutacion of the Frenche kynges apollogie, ii.
66.
Regent of England brent, i. 54-
Religion of Sainct Jhones in England dissolved,
ii- 305-
 suppressed, ii. 282.
Rest, Jhon, may re of London, i. 158.
Ryne, Palsgrave of the, ii. 293.
Rhodes besieged, i. 280 ; yelded to the greate
Turke, i. 283.
Rice ap Thomas, i. 61, 69.
Richarde, lorde, brother to the Marques Dorset,
i. n.
Riche, Hugh, Frier Observaunt, ii. 245.
Rigley, Edward, made knyghte, i. 261.
Riot at Beggam in Sussex, ii. 48.
Ripton, a capitain, i. 291.
Risby, Richard, ii. 245.
Ryvers, abbot of, hanged at Tiborne, ii. 279.
Roche, lorde, baron, capitaine of Mountdedier in
Fraunce, i. 310.
Rome assauted, ii. 91.
 spoiled, ii. 93.
Roo, Jhon, serjant at law, ii. 79 ; his Coyfe taken
from hym and sent to the Flete, ii. 79.
Roose, Richard, boyled in Smythfeld for poyson-
yng, ii. 195.
Rose brought from Rome, ii. 13.
Rot, serjant, i. 294.

37&

King Henry the VIII.

Rouge Crosse, pursivaunt of armes, sente by the
erle of Surrey to the kyng of Scottes, i. 101.
Roulande, sir, i. 12.
Roy, a toune in Fraunce, yelded to the duke of
Suffolke, i. 309.
Roydon, a gentleman, hanged at sainct Thomas
of Waterynges, ii. 312.
Rug, a priest, hanged at Redyng, ii. 294.
Russell, Jhon, knight, i. 257 ; is sent to the duke
of Burbon, i. 299 ; he is created lorde Russell,
ii. 284, 348.
Ruthal, byshoppe of Duresme, i. I ; dyeth, i.
283.
Sachiverell, Richard, i. 61.
Saint Anthonies, in Fraunce, i. 276.
Sainct Cutberdes, in Fraunce, i. 99.
Saynt James, ii. 205.
Sainct Jhon de Luce, a toune in Guyan, i. 49.
S. Jhones rode brent, ii. 353.
S. Johns, lorde of, i. 226.
Saynct Omers, a toune beyond Caleys, i. 72.
Saint Poule, erle of, ii. 139 ; is taken prisoner, ii.
142, 143.
Salerne, prynce of, came into England to se the
kyng, ii. 308.
Salisbury, Margaret, countesse of, atteinted of
treason, ii. 284 ; behedded in the Tower, ii.
312.
 Robert, made knight, i. 312.
Salt water flowed above London bridge, ii. 310.
Saluce, marques of, ii. 140.
Sampson, Richard, deane of the kynges chapell,
ii. 150; he is sent to Bononie, ii. 163; he is
sent to the Tower, being bishop of Chichester,
ii. 306; delivered, ii. 311.
Sancta Maria, a village in Spayne, i. 48.
Sandes, Richard, made knight, i. 312.
 William, knight, i. 123, 262 ; created knight
of the Garter, i. 267 ; treasurer of Calice, beyng
lorde Sandes, i. 290 ; his enterpryse, i. 291,
296, 297, 306, 311 ; he rydeth in post to the
kyng, i. 313, ii. 98.
Sandyfforde, a small brooke, i. 107.
Sangate, i. 123.
Savage, Jhon, made knight, i. 116.
Savoy, Margaret, duches of, sendeth to the kyng
of England for archers to aide her against the
duke of Geldres, i. 33 ; daughter to Maximilian
the Emperour, i. 33, 91 ; she giveth the English
soldiers cotes of dyverse coloures, i. 37, 219,
221, ii. 143.
Saiyng of a Scottishe erle, i. 272.
 of Baron in Scotland called lorde Forbes,
i- 303-
 of the people, ii. 103, 106, in, 122, 126,
145, 197-
 of Horace, ii. 127.
 of a great marques of Spayne to the Englishe
Ambassador in the Emperours courte, ii. 198.
Scarborough, ii. 278.
Scot, Jhon, made knight, i. 37.
 William, knight, chauncelour to the kyng of
Scottes, taken prisoner, i. 109 ; he lamenteth
the death of the kyng of Scottes his maister,
i. 112.

Scottes banished out of Southwarke, i. 271.
 slayne at Scottes felde, i. 1 10.
Scottishe lordes taken prisoners, ii. 339; sent
home agayne, ii. 340.
Scute, Jhon, a lawyer, ii. 157.
Selloys, in France, brent, i. 268.
Sentricas, a. place so called within the Englishe
pale, ii. 2 ; burned by the Bulleners, ii. 3.
Serjeantes feast, ii. 307.
Setrington, ii. 278.
Seymour, Edwarde, made knight, i. 112, ii. 21 ;
is viscount Beauchamp, and created erle of
Hertford, ii. 280; sent into Scotlande wyth
an army, ii. 346 ; returned agayne into
Englande, ii. 347 ; he goeth into Scotlande
agayne wyth an armye, ii. 354.
Seymer, Jane, maried to kyng Henry the eight,
ii. 269 ; delivered of Prince Edward, ii. 279 ;
she dieth and is buried at Windsore, ii. 280.
 Jhon, knyght, ii. 269.
 Thomas, knyght, ii. 294, 305, 342.
Sforcia, Fraunces, duke of Myllain, ii. 66, 70,
139. 163.
 Octavian, byshop of Aretyne, ii. 69.
Sharpe, Jhon, esquier, i. 71 ; he is made knight,
i. 116.
Shelton, Jhon, knight, ii. 304.
Sheldwiche of Canterbury taken prisoner, i. 36 ;
slayne, i. 36.
Sherley, esquire, i. 33.
Shevyngton, Wyllyam, knight, ii. 178.
Shippe under-sayle met the kyng on Black hethe
as he went a maiyng, i. 29.
 new made, called Henry grace de Dieu, i.
56, 240.
 called the Libeck driven ashore neare
Sangate and there brast, i. 123.
 chased to the Tower wharfe, ii. 134.
Shippes and Galies rigged and prepared, i. 54.
 of warre made a redye, i. 235.
 sent to the sea for the safegard of Englishe
merchantes, i. 244.
 sent into Scotland, i. 244.
 sent to seke strange regions, ii. 89.
 of Spaine arrested, ii. 126.
 sene in the dounes, ii. 284.
Shirborne, Henry, made knighte, i. 52.
Shynnyng, mayre of Rochester, i. 148.
Sidney, William, i. 54.
Sylvester, one of the Popes orators, ii. 257.
Simons, Wyllyam, perjured, ii. 344.
Symondes, Thomas, Stacioner, i. 136.
Skelton the poets ryme, i. 287./
Skudder, Jhon, sent to the Towre, ii. 41 ;
delivered, ii. 46.
Smeton, Marke, behedded, ii. 268.
Solyman Pac, Sultan, called the great Turke, i.
280 ; he assembleth an army in Hungary, ii.
76.
Some, a river in France, i. 307.
Somerset, an English Herauld, slain at Dunbarre,
"¦ 339-
 Charles, lorde Herbert, i. 61 ; created earle
of Worcester, i. 118, 223, 226.
Sovereigne, a shippe royall, i. 55.
Spaldyng, John, belrynger of Paules, endited of

Index

377

the murther of Hun, i. 131 ; hys confession to
the quest, i. 132 ; hys deposition, i. 137.
Spenser, James, maior of London, ii. 149.
Stafford, Henry, sent to the Tower upon sus
picion, i. 1 ; pardoned and sone after created
erle of Wylshire, i. 14, 25.
Standische, Henry, doctor, i. 155.
Stanley, Edwarde, knyght, i. 100 ; created lorde
Mountaygle, i. 118.
 Thomas, erle of Derby, i. 61.
Staphan, Kirbie, in Westmerland, ii. 277.
Stapulton, Bryan, knyght, i. 100.
Statutes of apparell and of labourers putt in execu-
cion, i. 148.
Statutes of Eltham, ii. 57.
Stewart, Andrew, i. 317.
Stile, Jhon, knight, i. 44, ii. 128.
Stokesley, John, the kynges Almoner, i. 152; is
sent ambassadour to the universities for the
kynges mariage, ii. 155; made bishop of
London, ii. 157, 200.
Stradiotes, i. 73, 82, 86.
Straulle, in Gelderland, i. 35.
Studley, Stephyn, skynner, had to Newgate, i.
157 ; fett oute by the prentyses, i. 159.
Submission of the Tyndale men, ii. 47.
Submissions, ii. 313.
Subsedy, i. 285, ii. 305, 353.
Suckely, Henry, shirife of London, ii. 315.
Sudbery, ii. 42.
Swearing of men for their substaunce, i. 237 ; in
London, i. 264.
Sweatyng sicknes, i. 165, ii. 137.
Swyches, Cardinal of, i. 153.
Tables, Dice, Cardes, and Boules brent, ii. 65.
Talbot, George, capitain generall of the forward
of the kynges army to Tirwin, i. 61, 62; he
layeth his siege on the North West side of
Tirwin, i. 62, 83 ; he entreth the toune of
Tirwin, i. 89, 95, 113; is sent into Scotland
with an army, i. 27 1 ; returneth agayne, ii. 274.
Tatersall executed at Tiborne, ii. 312.
Taylor, doctor, maister of the Rolles, ii. 55.
Te deum, ii. 30, 62, 100, 160, 238, 242.
Tempest, Nicholas, esquyre, ii. 279 ; hanged at
Tiborne, ii. 279.
Tentes and Pavilions sent over to Caleys to the
lorde Admirall, i. 266.
Terme at Saynt Albons, ii. 345-
Terme kept one day at Oxford and adjourned to
Westminster, i. 165.
Testwood, Robert, bumed in Wynsore, 11. 343.
Thames frosen, ii. 277.
Tholose, ii. 194-
Thombury, i. 221.
Thornton executed at Tibome, 11. 312.
Thwaites, i. 262.
Twhaytes, Edwarde, gentleman, 11. 245.
Tiber, a river in Rome, ii. 93, 180.
Tilbie, Thomas, ii. 277. ,
Tiler, William, made knight at Tournay, 1. 116.
Tyll, a river, i. 106.
Tilney, Elizabeth, ii. 3'4- .
 Katheryne, judged to perpetuall prison, 11.
3U. 

Tylney, Philippe, knight, i. 97, 100.
Tyndall, Jhon, knight, ii. 232.
Tindale and Tividale, i. 112.
Tyndale, Willyam, ii. 161 ; burned in Brabande,
ii. 266.
Tyrwyn besieged, i. 72, 82 ; yelded, i. 89, ii. 2.
Titynhangar, ii. 137.
Tocester, ii. 154.
Toleto, a citie in Spain, ii. 58.
Tolle demaunded in Flaunders of Englyshmen, ii.
205.
Tournay, a toune in Fraunce, i. 90 ; besieged, i.
95 ; yelded to the kyng of England, i. 115 ;
delivered agayne to the Frenche kyng, i. 174;
besieged of the Emperour, i. 231 ; rendred to
hym, i. 234.
Tounes and castelles brent in Scotlande, ii.
348.
Tracy, Wyllyam, ii. 225.
Treasure gathered for the relevyng of the Pope,
ii. 96.
Trees of honor, i. 200.
Treiport brent, ii. 353.
Tremaile, Jhon, knyght, i. 259.
Troy, a citie in Naples, ii. 117.
Truce betwene Englande and Scotlande, ii. 13.
 betwene Englande and Fraunce for fortie
daies, ii. 50.
 betwene Fraunce and the ladie Margaret,
duches of Savoy, ii. 52.
 betwene the Emperour and the Frenche
kyng, ii. 53.
Truy, Jhon, i. 33.
Tuke, Brian, knyght, ii. 185.
Tunes, doctor, ii. 37.
Tunstall, Bryan, i. 100.
 Cuthbert, maister of the Rolles, i. 171 ;
made bishop of London, i. 234 ; hys Oracion
at the Parliament, i. 278, ii. 21 ; he is made
bishop of Durham, ii. 53 ; broughte newe
Testaments beyond the sea and burned them,
ii. 161.
Turner, Peter, i. 136.
Twysell bridge, i. 106.
Unlawfull games forbidden, ii. 65.
Urbyne, duke of, ii. 91, 94.
Utreyght, Robert, made knight, i. 313.
Vandon, duke de, i. 204.
Vandosme, duke of, i. 63, 82, 124, 126, 202, ii.
2, 17-
Vaux, Nicholas, knyghte, capitain of Guysnes, 1.
63, 173- „. ,
Venioians put to flight, 11. S2.
Venlow, a strong toune in Gelderland, besieged
of the Burgonians, i. 37.
Vylliers, Philip de, master of the Rhodes, i. 280.
Vicount, Hierome, entised by the French kyng
to kill the duke of Myllain, i. 300.
Victoria, a toune in Spayne, ii. 63.
Victory at the Water of Eske, ii. 339.
Viceroy of Naples, ii. 66.
Vienne, a famous citie in Austrice, besieged of
the Turke, ii. 175-
Vivald, Anthony, ii. 77.

VOL. II.

3 b

Wael, a lytle toune in Flaundres, where the
Emperour met and receaved the kyng of Eng
lande, i. 219, 221.
Walgrave, ii. 314.
Wallop, Jhon, knyght, i. 57.
Walon, lorde, of Flaunders, i. 66, 69, 83, 93.
Walsingham, Edmond, knyght, Livetenaunt of
the Tower, ii. 134.
Ward, Thomas, i. 222.
Warde, Christopher, knight, i. 100.
Warre betwene Pope July and Lewes the twelve,
Frenche kyng, i. 39.
 betwene Englande and Fraunce, i. 42.
 proclaimed with Fraunce, ii. 345.
Warham, William, bishop of Cantorbury, i. 64,
ii. 149 ; he dyeth, ii. 223.
Wast, a village in Fraunce, i. 321.
Watche at Westminster and aboute London, com
maunded by the Cardinall, ii. 83.
Welshe, Walter, knighte, ii. 182.
Welshemen fiered oute of their lodgyng by the
Frenchemen, i. 266.
West, Nicholas, byshop of Ely, ii. 149.
 Thomas, knyght, i. 61.
 Wyllyam, sent into Fraunce, i. 145 ; nomi
nated there byshop of Ely, i. 146.
Weston, esquire, made knight, i. 33.
 Fraunces, made knight of the bathe, ii. 232 ;
behedded, ii. 268.
 Richard, i. 174; admitted into the kynges
privie chamber, i. 178.
 Willyam, knight, Prior of sainct Jhones,
dyeth, ii. 305.
Wharton, Thomas, knyght, ii. 339.
Whethrill, Richard, i. 33 ; taken of the French
men by a trayne, i. 275.
Whystelyng gonne shotte dayly out of Tyrwyn,
i. 72.
Whityng, Richard, abbot of Glascenbury, attainted
and put to death for treason, ii. 294.
Whitsand Bay, i. 65 ; set on fyer, i. 262.
Wiclief, Jhon, ii. 317.
Wyght, Isle of, ii. 352.
Willoughby, lorde, i. 83, 113, 224.
Willyamson, a carpenter in London, oute faced
with a Frencheman, i. 154.
Wilshire, Jhon, knight, i. 64.
Wilson, Nicholas, person of Saynt Thomas
apostles in London, sent to the Tower, ii. 311.

Wyndam, Thomas, i. 42 ; made knight, i. 52.
Windsore, Andrewe, knyght, i. 243.
Wynsore, an herauld of armes, i. 51.
Wyngfeld, Humfrey, spekar of the parliament,
ii. 223.
 Richard^_knight, i. 145 ; admitted into the
kynges privie chamber, i. 178; made knight of
the Gartier, i. 242.
Woodstocke, ii. 154.
Wolfes wyfe, ii. 260.
Woller Hawgh, i. 104.
Wolsey, Thomas, the kynges Almoner, i. 67 ;
sweareth the citizens of Tournay younge and
olde to the kyng of Englande, i. 115 ; is made
bishop of Lincolne, i. 118, 122; made arche
byshop of Yorke, i. 144; elected to be Cardinall,
i. 148; receaveth his hat and other vaynglorious
tryfles from Rome, i. 148 ; calleth men to
accompt, i. 163 ; made a Legate, i. 166 ; meteth
the Emperour, i. 188 ; is sent to Calies, i. 226 ;
returneth into Englande, i. 232 ; hys pride at
Masse, i. 235 ; receaveth the Emperour on
Dover sandes, i. 245 ; reformeth the kynges
housholde, i. 276 ; the kyng giveth hym the
byshoprike of Durham, i. 284; dissolveth the
Convocacion, i. 287 ; visiteth the Friers Ob-
servauntes, ii. 26 ; suppresseth certayne Abbayes
to make a College, ii. 31 ; is curssed of every
man, ii. 36 ; hys flatteryng, ii. 41 ; maketh an
alteration in the kynges house, ii. 49 ; goeth
into Fraunce, ii. 97 ; made Vicar general whyle
he is there, ii. 103 ; returneth into Englande,
ii. 105 ; restraineth the Emperors Ambassador,
ii. 123 ; delivereth hym agayne, ii. 127 ; the
last tyme he saw the kyng, ii. 155 ; cast in a
premunire, ii. 156; hys pride, ii. 181 ; arrested,
ii. 181 ; hys death and description, ii. 182.
Womennes peace, ii. 160.
Wotton, Anne, i. 171.
 doctor, ii. 359.
Wriothesley, Thomas, secretary to the kyng,
made lorde, ii. 345.
Yarfford, James, maior of London, made
knyght, i. 180.
Yomen of the Garde that came from Tourney
putt to their pencions, i. 176, ii. 56; praysed
of the kyng, i. 261.
Yorke Place, called now Whitehall, ii. 157.

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