Yale University Library =£^ YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY ACQUIRED BY EXCHANGE HISTOEY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS, WITH BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF MANY OF ITS Pioneers and Prominent Men. COMPILED UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF D. HAMILTON HUHD. ILLUSTRATED. PHILADELPHIA: J. W. LEWIS & CO. 18 84. Copyright, 1884, by J. W. Lewis & Co. PRESS OP J. B. LIPPINCOTT & CO., PHILADELPHIA. PUBLISHERS' PREEACE. Nearly two years ago the attention of the publishers, who have loug made a speciality of this class of work, was called to the fact that a history of Norfolk County was needed. After mature deliberation the work was planned and its compilation commenced. The best literary talent in this section of the commonwealth for this especial work was engaged, whose names appear at the head of their respective articles, besides many other local writers on special topics. These gentlemen approached the work in a spirit of impartiality and thoroughness, and we believe it has been their honest endeavor to trace the history of the development of the territory embodied herein from that period when it was in the undis puted possession of the red man to the present, and to place before the reader an authentic narrative of its rise and progress. The work has been compiled from authenticated and original sources, and no effort spared to produce a history which should prove in every respect worthy of the county represented. The Publishers. Philadelphia, May, 1884. CONTENTS. INTRODUCTION PAGE . 1 CHAPTER I. The Bench and Bau CHAPTER II. The Norfolk District Medical Society 29 CHAPTER III. Dedham. The Settlement — The Town Covenant — Names of the Signers — Organization of Town Government — Character of Settlers — Formation of the Church — The Rev. John Allin — Division of Lands — Burial-Ground — Training- Ground — Description of the Village in 1664 . . .31 CHAPTER IV. Dedham — ( Continued). Mother Brook, or East Brook — Dedham Island — Long Ditch— Indian Village at Natick — Pacomtuck, or Deer- field — Boggastow, or Medfield — Wollonomopoag, or Wrentham — Decease of leading Men among the First Settlers ... 41 CHAPTER V. Dedham — ( Continued). Indian Deeds — Philip's War — Rev. William Adams — New Meeting-House — Timothy Dwight — William Avery — Daniel Fisher, the second — His Part in Resisting Sir Edmund Andros ... ... 44 CHAPTER VI. Dedham — ( Continued). * Province Charter — Changes and Contentions — Incorpora tion of Needham — Rev. Joseph Belcher — The Second Parish and Church — Rev. Thomas Balch — The Third Parish and Church — Rev. Josiah Dwight — Rev. Andrew Tyler — Incorporation of Walpole — Services of Church of England begun — Rev. William Clark — Samuel Col- burn — Devise of Estate to Episcopal Church — Rev. Sam uel Dexter — The Fourth Parish and Church — Rev. Ben jamin Caryl — Services of Dedham Men in French Wars — New Meeting-House — Dr. Nathaniel Ames — The Pil lar of Liberty — Events Prior to the American Revolu tion 47 CHAPTER VII. Dedham — ( Continued). Dedham Village in 1775 — LeadiDg Men — Lexington Alarm — Minute-Men and Militia Companies March — Siege of Boston — Town Votes upon Question of Independence — Bounties for Soldiers — Parishes Raise Money by Taxa tion — Articles of Confederation Approved — Delegates to State Convention for forming Constitution — Expenses of Revolutionary War — Pecuniary Distress — Amendments to State Constitution Proposed — Col. Daniel Whiting . 53 CHAPTER VIII. Dedham — ( Continued). Second Parish — Rev. Jabez Chickering — Third Parish — Rev. Thomas Thacher — Fourth Parish Incorporated as a District under the name of Dover — Shay's Rebellion — Incorporation of Norfolk County — Episcopal Church — Rev. William Montague — Old Church Removed and Re built — Fisher Ames; Sketch of His Life — Edward Dowse — Rev. Jason Haven*-Church Covenant of 1793 — Di vision in the Third Parish — New Meeting-House. — About Sixty Members Withdraw to the Baptist Society in Med field — Second Parish and Church — Rev. William Coggs- well 57 CHAPTER IX. Dedham — (Continued**. Dedham in the Beginning of the Present Century — Manu facturing Corporations — Mill Privileges on Mother Brook — War of 1812 — Legacy for Schools in Will of Samuel Dexter — The First Church — Resignation of Rev. Joshua Bates — Parish elect Rev. Alvan Lamson — Ma jority of Church Refuse to Concur — Ecclesiastical Coun cil — Protest by a Majority of the Church — Ordination of Mr. Lamson — Suit nt Law to Recover Church Property — Decision of Supreme Court — New Meeting-House So ciety Formed — Rev. Ebenezer Burgess — Improvements in Old Meeting-House — Third Parish — Rev. John White — Second Parish, Rev. Harrison G. Park, Rev. Calvin Durfee and his Sueeessors — Description of Dedham Vil lage in 1818 — Dedham Bank — New Jail and Court- House — Town-House — Norfolk Mutual Fire Insurance Company — Dedham Mutual Fire Insurance Company — Dedham Institution for Savings — Gen. Lafayette's Visit — Gen. Jackson's Visit . ..... 63 CHAPTER X. Dedii am — ( Con tinned) . Universalist Society, South Dedham — Episcopal Church — Rev. Isaac Boyle — Rev. Samuel B. Babcock — New Church — Dedham Branch Railroad — Manufactures — Population in 1835 — Newspapers — Centennial Celebra tion, 1836 — Dr. Lamson's Historical Discourses, 1838 — Dr. Burgess' Discourse in "Dedham Pulpit" — Rev. John White's Historical Discourse, 1836 — Rev. Mr. Dur- fee's Historical Discourse, 1836 — Destructive Fires — Improvements in Schools and School-Houses — Norfolk County Railroad — First Baptist Church, West Dedham — Baptist Church, East Dedham — Baptist Church, South Dedham — Methodist Episcopal Church, East Dedham — First Parish — Resignation of Dr. Lamson, and of Dr. Burgess — Third Parish — Successors of Rev. John White v "VI CONTENTS. — Successors of Dr. Lamson in First Parish — Improve ments in Meeting-House — Successors to Rev. Dr. Bur gess — Burning of St. Paul's Church — New Stone Church — Chapel — Roman Catholic Church — St. Mary's School and Asylum — Annexations to West Roxbury and Wal- pole — Dedham Gas-Light Company — Dedham Histori cal Society .... . . . 71 CHAPTER XI. Dedham — ( Continued). The Civil War, 1861-65— Companies of Dedham Men— Their Services in the War — Commodore G. J. Van Brunt — Expenses of the War for Bounties and Aid to Soldiers' Families — Memorial Hall — Names of those who Fell Inscribed on the Tablets 79 CHAPTER XII. Dedham — ( Continued). Readville annexed to Hyde Park — Dedham Public Library — Incorporation of Norwood — Death of Rev. Dr. Bab- cock — Steam Fire-Engine — Dedham Water Company — Temporary Asylum for Discharged Female Prisoners— Oakdale — Church of the Good Shepherd — Islington — Congregational Church — New Colburn School-House — Brookdale Cemetery — Town Seal — Conclusion . 88 CHAPTER XIII. Braintree CHAPTER XIV. Braintree — (Continued) . CHAPTER XV. Bellingham Ill . 122 143 CHAPTER XVI. Franklin. Early History as a Precinct — First Cession of Dedham — Purchase of Wrentham — The New Precinct — Church Organized — First Minister — Meeting-House — Church Music — Discords — Precinct Ministers — Revs. Haven, Barnum, Emmons — Civil History — Move for a Town — Town History — Incorporation — Why named Franklin — Town Library — Topography — Maps — Indian Traditions — Revolutionary War — Sentiments in Town-Meeting — Soldiers' Second Meeting-House— Its Site, Cost, Bell — Moved and Modernized — Interior Glimpse of Home Life — Military Affairs— Trainings and Musters — The Poor — Burial Grounds — Post-Offices — Temperance — Early Industries 160 CHAPTER XVII. Franklin — (Continued). Later Town History — Ecclesiastical — Ministers of the First Church — Other Churches and Meeting-Houses — South Franklin Congregational — Grace Universalist — Baptist — Catholic — Methodist — Town Library — Public Schools — High School — Franklin Academy — Dean Academy — College Graduates — Statistics of Material Growth — Town Industries — Straw Goods — Feltings, etc. — Newspapers — Railroads — Banks — Fire Protection — The Rebellion — List of Soldiers — Precinct and Town Officers — Centen nial Celebration 174 CHAPTER XVIII. Randolph . 188 CHAPTER XIX. Cohasset. Pioneer History — Reference to Hingham — Heirs of the Sachem Chickatabut — Deed from the Indians, July 4, 1665 — The Pioneers: Beal, Cushing, James, Lincoln, Tower, Sutton, Bates, Kent, Nichols, Orcutt, Pratt, Stod dard — The First Settlement — Its Location — Derivation of name of Town — Incorporation of Parish — Little Hingham — The Church — Petition for Incorporation of Town — Opposed by Hingham — Town Incorporated April 26, 1770 — Early Votes concerning Schools — Votes con cerning the Revolution — Cohasset's Representative at the Boston Tea-Party — Maj. James Stoddard — War of 1812— Shipwrecks, etc 216 CHAPTER XX. Cohasset — (Continued). Banks — Civil History — Military . . . 224 CHAPTER XXI. Cohasset — ( Continued). Ecclesiastical and Educational — Pioneer History — First Reference to Cohasset in Hingham Records — Various Votes concerning the Town — Divisions of the Meadow Lands with the Proprietors at Conihasset — The First Meeting-House — Subsequent HiBtory — Methodist Soci ety in North Cohasset — Second Congregational Church — The Beechwood Church — St. Anthony's Church — Educa tional Interests 231 CHAPTER XXII. Dover CHAPTER XXIII. Quincy. The Massachusetts Fields . CHAPTER XXIV. Quincy — (Continued). Merrymont Mount Wollaston Old Braintree CHAPTER XXV. Quincy — ( Continued). CHAPTER XXVI. Quincy — ( Continued). 238 257 260 268 . 276 CHAPTER XXVII. Quincy — ( Continued). The North Precinct Church 278 CHAPTER XXVIII. Quincy — ( Continued). Life in the Colonial Town ... CHAPTER XXIX. Quincy — ( Continued). The North Precinct Annals Modern Quincy CHAPTER XXX. Quincy — ( Continued). 295 323 355 CONTENTS. CHAPTER XXXI. Stoughton. Stoughton — Named in Honor of Governor William Stough ton — Territory allotted to Dorchester in 1637 — Known as the " New Grant" — Dorchester South Precinct — A Part set off to Wrentbam in 1724 — Incorporation of Stoughton — Original Territory — Second Precinct set off in 1740 — Incorporation of Third Precinct in 1743 — The First Town-Meeting — Incorporation of Stoughtonham — . The Revolution— Votes of the Town in 1723, 1724/1725, 1726 — Committee of Correspondence — Revolutionary Bounties, etc. . . . . . . 389 CHAPTER XXXII. Stoughton — ( Continued). Ecclesiastical History. — Universalist Church — Congrega tional Church — Methodist Episcopal Church — Roman Catholic Church — Methodist Episcopal Church, North Stoughton — Baptist Church, East Stoughton . . . 394 CHAPTER XXXIII. Stoughton — (Continued). The Press — The Stoughton Sentinel — Masonic — Rising Star Lodge, F. and A. M. — Mount Zion Royal Arch Chapter —Stoughton Lodge, No. 72, I. 0. 0. F.— The Boot and Shoe Interest — Civil History — Representatives and Town Clerks from 1731 to 1884— Military Record— Number of Men Furnished — Amount of Money Expended for War Purposes . . .... 403 Holbrook . Medfield Sharon Wellesley CHAPTER XXXIV. CHAPTER XXXV. CHAPTER XXXVI. CHAPTER XXXVII. 427 . 439 . 454 477 CHAPTER XXXVIII. Wellesley — (Continued). Wellesley College . CHAPTER XXXIX. Norwood . ... . . CHAPTER XL. Needham. Indian Occupation— Original Purchase in 1680 — Consider ation — First Settlements — Petition for Preaching in 1709 — Petition for Act of Incorporation — Opposed by Dedham — Lands for Support of Ministry — Incorporation of Town — Named after Needham in England — The First Town- Meeting— Selectmen Elected — Burying-Ground — The First Minister — First Meeting-House— Westerly Pre cinct Set Off— The First Church Bell— Early Educa tional Interests — Social Library CHAPTER XL I. Needham — (Continued). War of the Revolution— The Battle of Lexington— Need- ham's Prompt Response — Her Citizens perform Efficient 4S2 495 517 Service — They harass the British Retreat from Lexing ton and Concord — Ephraim Bullard alarms the Minute- Men— List of Names composing Needham Companies — Capt. Aaron Smith's Company of Militia — Capt. Caleb Kingsbury's Company of Minute-Men — Capt. Robert Smith's Company — Sketches of the Killed — Incidents — Votes of the Town during the Revolutionary Period . 518 CHAPTER XLII. Needham — ( Continued). Ecclesiastical History. — Congregational Church — Unitarian Church — Baptist Church — Methodist Episcopal Church, Highlandville — Second Adventists . ... 526 CHAPTER XLII I. i Needham — (Continued). The Press — Civil History — Military Record. — The Need ham Chronicle — Changes in Boundary-Line — Valuation —Population — Documentary — Representatives — Select men — Town Clerks — Treasurers — Military Record . 532 CHAPTER XLIV. Medvvay 540a CHAPTER X L V. Weymouth. Geography — Geology — General History — Weston's Colony — Gorges' Settlement — Hull's Company — Ecclesiastical Troubles — Pequod War — Emigration — Town Govern ment . 560 CHAPTER XLVI. Weymouth — ( Continued). King Philip's War — Company of Horse — Town Affairs — Sir Edmund Andros — Military Company — Canadian Expedition — Local Matters — Town Boundaries — New Precinct — Dr. White — Town Regulations — Parsonage Property — Pigwacket Indians — Town Commons — Throat Distemper — French and Indian Wars — French Neutrals —Dr. Tufts— Highways— South Precinct . . 567 CHAPTER XLVI I. Weymouth — ( Continued). Revolutionary War — Arbitrary Measures of the Crown — Agents Chosen to Meet in Boston — Committees of Cor respondence — No more Tea — Energetic Action — Record of Votes on the Resolutions of Congress — Refusal to Pay Taxes to the Royal Treasurer — Town Committee of Cor respondence — Minute-Men — Preparations for War — Raising Troops — Declaration of Independence — Bounties — State Convention — State Constitution— Procuring Men and Provisions — Soldiers to Hull . ... 572 CHAPTER XLVIII. Weymouth — (Continued). Recovering from the Effects of the War — Work-House — Local Matters — Smallpox — Norfolk County — Attempt to divide the Town — Business Enterprises — Post-Office — War with England — Alarm at Cohasset — Town Lines — Manufacturing Companies Discouraged — Surplus Rev enue — Anti-Slavery Resolutions — Town Records — Town Hall — War of the Rebellion— Opening Scenes — Twelfth Regiment — Raising Troops — Military Records — Boun ties — Thirty-fifth Regiment — Town Bonds and Seal — CONTENTS. Forty-second Regiment— Contributions — Difficulties — Fourth Heavy Artillery — Final Attempt to divide the Town — Soldiers' Monument — Two Hundred and Fiftieth Anniversary — Water Question — Fire Department — Growth of the Town 578 CHAPTER XLIX. Weymouth — (Continued). Ecclesiastical History. — Congregational Churches — The First Church .584 CHAPTER L. Weymouth — (Continued). Congregational Churches (Continued) : Second Church, Union Church of Weymouth and Braintree, Union Church of South Weymouth, Church at East Weymouth, Pilgrim Church — Methodist Episcopal: Church at East Weymouth, Church at Lovell's Corner — Universalist: First Church, Second Church, Third Church — Baptist: First Church — Roman Catholic: Parish of St. Francis Xavier, Parish of the Immaculate Conception, Parish of the Sacred Heart, Parish of St. Jerome — Protestant Episcopal : Trinity Parish . . . . 589 CHAPTER LI. Weymouth — (Continued). Educational Institutions — Public Schools — Weymouth and Braintree Academy — Newspapers — Weymouth Histori cal Society — Social Libraries — Mutual Library Associa tions — Tufts' Library . . . 594 CHAPTER LI I. Weymouth — ( Continued). Military Organizations : Early Companies, Company for the Castle, Weymouth Light-Horse, Weymouth Artil lery, Weymouth Light Infantry, Franklin Guards- Grand Army of the Republic: Lincoln Post, No. 40, Reynolds Post, No. 58 — Societies and Associations: Masonic Orphans' Hope Lodge, Delta Lodge, South Shore Commandery, Pentalpa Royal Arch Chapter — Odd-Fellows : Crescent Lodge, Wildey Lodge, Wompa- tuck Encampment — Knights of Pythias : Delphi Lodge — Knights of Honor: Pilgrim Lodge — Weymouth Agri cultural and Industrial Society — Other Organizations . 598 CHAPTER LI II. Weymouth — ( Continued). Business Enterprises — Mills: The Waltham- Richards- Bates' Mills, Tide Mill, Tirrell's Mill, Reed's Mill, Loud's Mill, Vinson's Mill, Dyer's Mill — Turnpikes : Weymouth and Braintree, New Bedford, Hingham and Quincy Bridge — Railroads : Old Colony, South Shore — Expresses — Telegraph — Telephone — Financial Corporations — Banks : Weymouth National, National of South Wey mouth — Savings Banks : Weymouth, South Weymouth, East Weymouth — Weymouth and Braintree Fire Insur ance Company — Manufactures : Boots and Shoes — Wey mouth Iron Company — Fish Company — Weymouth Commercial Company — Ice Companies — Bradley Fer tilizer Company — Ship Building — Bay State Hammock Company — Howe & French — Fire-Works — Mitten-Fac tory — Miscellaneous 600 CHAPTER LIV. Weymouth — (Continued) . . 605 CHAPTER LV. Wrentham 622 CHAPTER LVI. Foxborough. Incorporation of Town— Early History— The First Settler —Jacob Shepard— List of Early Settlers— Early Votes— The Pioneer Schools— The First Town Clerk— Church History — Early Votes — Manufactures, etc. . . . 673 CHAPTER LVI I. Foxborough — ( Continued). Military Record.— The Heroes of Three Wars— War of the Revolution— 1812— War of the Rebellion— List of Soldiers, 1861-65— Patriots of 1776— Soldiers of 1812— , Roll of Honor, 1861-65— Veterans of the War— Militia, 1796 . 683 CHAPTER LVI II. Foxborough — ( Continued). Ecclesiastical History.— Congregational Church — Baptist Church — Universalist Church — Roman Catholic Chapels — Civil History — Delegates to Constitutional Convention — State Senators — Commission of Insolvency — Represen tatives — Justices of the Peace — Selectmen— Town Clerks — Town House — Memorial Hall — The Howe Monument — Change in Boundaries — Masonic — Historical Items — The Press — The Centennial Celebration — Population — Sta tistical 697 CHAPTER LIX. Walpole. Pioneer History — The Dedham Covenant — Indian Pro prietors — Primitive Condition of the Country — Early Settlements — The Cedar Swamp — Petition for Precinct — Incorporation of Town — The French and Indian War — Capt. Bacon's Company from Walpole — Slavery in Wal pole — Deacon Robbins' Slave " Jack" — War of the Rev olution — Resolutions of the Town — List of Revolutionary Soldiers — War of 1812 — Capt. Samuel Fales' Company of Light Infantry . . . . .708 CHAPTER LX. Walpole — (Continued). Ecclesiastical History. — First Congregational Society — Or thodox Congregational Church — Congregational Church, East Walpole — Methodist Episcopal Church — Methodist Episcopal Church, South Walpole . . . 712 CHAPTER LXI. Walpole — (Continued). The Press— The Walpole Standard— The Walpole Enter prise—The Norfolk County Tribune— The Walpole Star — Manufacturing Interests — Civil History — The Town Hall— Military History— Number of Men Furnished —Amount of Money Expended— Roll of Honor— Memo rial Tablets yjg CHAPTER LXI I. MlLTON. Pioneer History — The First Settlements — Stoughton, Glover, and Hutchinson — Grant of the Territory to Dorchester — Release of Indian Title — Cutshamoquin Locution of First Settlements- -King Philip's War CONTENTS. Prominent Early Settlers — Biographical Sketches of Prominent Citizens — Robert Vose, Robert Tucker, Ben jamin Wadsworth, Joseph Belcher, Oxenbridge Thatcher, John Swift, Peter Thatcher, Dr. Miller, Samuel Miller, Governor Belcher, William Foye, Col. Gooch, Governor Hutchinson, James Smith, Oxenbridge Thatcher, Jr., Samuel Swift, Nathaniel Tucker, Seth Adams, William Foye, Jr., Joseph Goocb, Benjamin Pratt, Col. Joseph Vose, Job Sumner, John Miller, Benjumin Wadsworth, W. S. Hutchinson, Josiah Badcock, Samuel Henshaw, Edward H. Robbins, Rufus Badcock, Thomas Thatcher, Jesse Tucker, J. S. Boies, Nathaniel J. Robbins, John M. Forbes, Solomon Vose, Roger Vose, Charles P. Sum ner, etc. ......... 730 CHAPTER LXIII. Milton. War of the Revolution .745 CHAPTER LXIV. Milton — ( Continued). Ecclesiastical History. — The First Congregational Society — The First Evangelical Society — The Second Evangelical Society — Lower Mills Baptist Church .... 749 CHAPTER LXV. Milton — ( Continued). The Crebore Estate— The Sumncrs— The Wadsworths— The Vose Place— The Robert Tucker Place— The Oldest House in Milton— The Tucker House— The Billings House— The Blue Hills — The Foye House — The Hutchinson House— The Robbins House— The Governor Belcher Place — Milton Cemetery — Detailed History — Different Purchasers — Ancient Inscriptions — Tombs . . 757 CHAPTER LXV I. Milton — ( Continued). Civil and Military— Representatives— Town Clerks— Town Treasurers — War of the Rebellion — List of Soldiers, etc. 770 CHAPTER LXVII. Milton — (Continued) . . ¦ CHAPTER LXVII I. Milton — ( Continued). Town Hall — The Blue Hill National Bank — The Milton News — Post-Office CHAPTER LXIX. Brookline CHAPTER LXX. Hyde Park . .... 772 . 774 7S3 895 CHAPTER LXX I. Canton. Indian Name of the Town, Punkapaog — John Eliot- Or ganization of Precinct, 1715 — List of Precinct Officers — Incorporation of Stoughton, 1 720 — Roger Sherman — War of the Revolution — Various Votes — The Suffolk Resolves — The First Troops from Stoughton — Capt. James Endi- cott's Company — Other Companies — Committee of Cor respondence and Inspection — Documentary History — Incorporation of Town — Names of Petitioners — First Town Officers— War of 1S12— Extracts from Town Rec ords — The First School-House 919 CHAPTER LXXII. Canton — ( Continued). Ecclesiastical History. — First Congregational Church- -Or- ganization — The Covenant of 1717 — The First Pastor, Rev. Joseph Morse — The First Celebration of the Lord's Supper — The First Deacons — Extracts from the Early Records — List of those who joined the Church during Mr. Morse's Ministry — Death of Mr. Morse — Inventory of his Estate — Rev. Samuel Dunbar — Rev. Z. Howard — Rev. William Richey — Rev. Benjamin Huntoon — Succeeding Pastors — Church Buildings — Evangelical Congregational Church — Baptist Church — Universalist Church — Roman Catholic Church CHAPTER LXXII I. Canton — (Continued). The Press, Manufacture*, Banks, etc. — The Canton Journal — Early Manufactures — The First, Cotton-Factory — Present Manufactures — Memorial Hall — Military Record — Number of Men Furnished — Amount of Money Raised — Various Votes in Relation to Bounties, etc. — Roll of Honor — Revere Encampment, Grand Army of the Re public — The Neponset National Bank — Canton Institu tion for Savings — Representatives from 1S76 to Present Time . . 931 941 CHAPTER LXX IV. Norfolk. North Parish of Wrentham — Early Settlements — Residents in 1795 — North Society — First Meeting-House — Incor poration of Town — Act of Incorporation — First Town- Meeting — Officers Elected— List of Selectmen — Town Clerks — Representatives — Town House — Present Valua tion — Industrial Pursuits — Churches — Schools . 973 APPENDIX ERRATA . 978 1001 BIOGRAPHICAL. PAGE Adams, Thomas 375 Alden, Ebenezer 208 Ames, Ellis 972 Ames, William Ill Aspinwall, Thomas 889 Aspinwall, William 894 Aspinwall, William 891 Atherton, James 415 Atherton, Samuel 417 Atwood, Shadrach 186 Babcock, S. B 93 Bacon, Joseph T 670 Bird, Francis W 729 Barrows, Thomas 93 Baxter, Daniel 388 Beals, E.S 618 Blake, George B 883 Bleakie, Robert 916 Bullard, John 92 Burgess, Ebenezer 95 Candage, R. G. F 887 Capen, Nahum 957 Carpenter, E 703 Chapman, 0. S 962 Churchill, Amos 380 Churchill, C. C 109 Clapp, Lucius 424 Clark, Joseph W 102 Cleveland, Ira e101 Colburn, Waldo 12 Cook, Horace L 672 Cook, Nathan A 159 Crocker, L. 0 142 Curtis, Daniel D 452 Davis Family (The) S81 Deane, Francis W 971 Dizer, M. C 616 Draper, James 967 Du Bois, A. E 215 Everett, George 514 Faxon, Henry H 376 Field, William 381 Fisk, Emery 488 Fiske, Isaac 453 Fiske, Josiah J -. 668 Fiske, J. N 669 Fisher, Jabez 672 Fisher, M. M: 557 Flagg, Solomon 489 Fogg, John S 615 Fogg, David S 515 Frederick, Eleazer 382 French, Charles H 960 Gaston, William 21 Gay, J. W 110 PAGE Gridley, Jeremiah 886 Griggs, Thomas 871 Grover, Edwin 894 Hewins Family (The) 470 Hodges, Alfred 708 Hodges, Benjamin 706 Hodges Family (The) 705 Hodges, Leonard 418 Hodges, Sewall 706 Hodges, William A 386 Holbrook, Amos H 158 Holbrook, E. N 437 Hollingsworth, E. A 132' Holmes, Warren M 473 Howe, Appleton 611 Kimball, Daniel 540 Kingman, Bradford 883 Lamson, Alvan 99 Lincoln, James D 670 Lyon,E. A 539 McDonnell, Patrick 384 Mansfield, William 963 Mann, George H .' 470 Martin, N. C 782 Monk, Eiisha C 422 Morrison Family (The) 133 Morse, Elijah A 965 Morse, Luther 473 Morse, Otis 516 Noyes, Samuel B 22 Orr, Galen 533 Parsons, Thomas , 880 Paul, Ebenezer 108 Peirce, Henry 379 Pierce, Edward L 777 Pierce Family (The) 40S Pierce, Henry L _ 410 Pierce, Jesse _ 40s Porter, Robert _ 425 Ray, James P _ 134 Ray, Joseph G ^35 Richards, Moses 472 Richardson, Stephen W 137 Sanford, M. H yjj Sargent, James II 550 Shaw, Nathaniel gjg Sheldon, Rhodes g^j Shepard, James S qra Sherburne, William g7j Sherman, Job ;» »n» Slafter, Carlos -,n*. Smith, Isaac i-™ Smith, Lyman -.<, Southgate, George A jqq Southworth, Amasa .«] ILLUSTRATIONS. PAGE Southworth, Asahel 419 Southworth, Consider 419 Southworth, Col. Consider 420 Spaulding, Corodon 970 Stetson, Caleb 131 Stetson, Everett 727 Stetson, J. A 376 Stone, Ebenezer 727 Stone, Eliphalet 107 Stuart, William J..: 917 Taft, Ezra W 106 Talbot, Warren 473 Thayer, David 136 Tinker, Francis 515 Tirrell, James 613 Torrey, James ' 620 Wales, Martin 414 PAGE Wales, Nathaniel 412 Ware, Josiah 976 Warner, Samuel 21 Washburn, Andrew 917 Wason, Elbridge 878 Wentworth Family (The) 96S Whitnker, E. K 535 White, Judge George 492 White, N. L 139 White, Thomas 438 Whiting, Edwin 110 Wild, Charles 874 Wild, Edward A 876 Wolcott, H. F 779 Wood, Henry 490 Worthington, Erastus 25 ILLUSTRATIONS. PAGE Adams, John facing 320 Adams, John Quincy " 354 Adams, Thomas " 375 Alden, Ebenezer " 208 Ames, William " HI Atherton, James " 415 Atherton, Samuel " 417 Atwood, Shadrach ' 186 Babcock, S. B " 93 Bacon, Joseph T " 670 Baxter, Daniel ' 388 Barrows, Thomas between 92, 93 Beals, E. S facing 618 Bird, Francis W " 729 Blake, George B " 883 Bleakie, Robert " 916 "Boylston Place," Residence of Henry Lee " 860 Burgess, Ebenezer ' 95 Bullard, John " 92 Candage, R. G. F " 887 Canton Memorial Hall " 951 Capen, Nahum ' 957 Carpenter, J. E " 703 Chapman, 0. S " 962 Churchill, Amos " 380 Churchill, C. C between 108, 109 Clapp, Lucius facinS 424 Clark, Joseph W ' 102 Cleveland, Ira ' 101 Colburn, Waldo ' 12 Cook, Horace L ' 672 Cook, Nathan A " 159 Crocker, L. 0 142 Curtis, Daniel D " 452 Davis, Robert S Deane, Francis W ; ' 971 Dizer, M. C '¦ " 616 PAGE Draper, James facing 967 Du Bois, A. E •• 215 Everett, George " 514 Faxon, Henry H " 377 Field, William " 381 Fisher, M. M " 557 Fisk, Emery " 488 Fiske, Isaac " 453 Fiske, J. N " 669 Flagg, Solomon " 489 Fogg, David S " 515 Fogg, John S " 615 Frederick, Eleazer " 382 French, Charles H " 960 Gaston, William " 21 Gay, J. W between 110, 111 Griggs, Thomas facing 871 Hewins, Whiting " 471 Hodges, Alfred " 708 Hodges, Benjamin " 706 Hodges, Leonard " 418 Hodges, Sewall " 705 Hodges, William A " 386 Holbrook, Amos H " 158 Holbrook, E. N " 437 Hollingsworth, E. A ' " 132 Holmes, Warren M " 473 Hunnewell, H. H., Residence and Views of Grounds.. 478-480 Howe, Appleton facing 612 Lamson, Alvan " 99 Lawrence, A. A., Residence of " 859 Lincoln, James D between 670, 671 Lyon, E. A facing 539 Mann, George H " 470 Mansfield, William " 963 McDonnell, Patrick " 384 Monk, Eiisha C " 422 ILLUSTRATIONS. TAGE Morrison, A facing 134 Morrison, A. S " 135 Morrison, B.L " 136 Morse, Elijah A " 965 Morse, Otis " 516 Noyes, Samuel B " 22 Orr, Galen " 538 Parsons, Thomas " 881 Paul, Ebenezer " 109 Peirce, Henry " 880 Pierce, Edward L " 777 Pierce, Henry L " 410 Pierce, Jesse " 408 Porter, Robert " 425 Ray, James P " 184 Ray, Joseph G " 185 Richards, Moses " 472 Richardson, Stephen W " 187 Sanford, M. H " 555 Sargent, James H u 560 Shaw, Nathaniel " 613 Sheldon, Rhodes " 671 Shepard, James S " 964 Sherburne, William between 670, 671 Sherman, Job facing 707 Slafter, Carlos ". " 107 Smith, Isaac '* 702 Smith, Lyman " 513 Southworth, Amasa " 421 Southworth, Consider " 419 Southgate, George A " 109 Spaulding, Corodon " 970 Stetson, Caleb " 131 Stetson, Everett " 727 Stetson, J. A " 376 PAGE Stone, Ebenezer facing 728 Stone, Eliphalet " 108 Stuart, William J " 917 Taft, Ezra W " 106 Talbot, Warren. between 472, 473 Thayer, David facing- 137 Tinker, Francis between 514, 515 Tirrell, James " 612,613 Tirrell, Minot " 612, 613 Torrey, James : facing 620 Wales, Martin " 414 Wales, Nathaniel " 412 Ware, Josiah " 976 Warner, Samuel " 20 Washburn, Andrew " 918 Wason, Elbridge... " 878 Wellesley College 482 Wellesley College, East Lodge 483 Wellesley College, Library 485 Wellesley College of Music 487 Wellesley College, Stone Hall 486 Wellesley Town Hall and Library facing 477 Wentworth, Edwin " 969 Wentworth, Nathaniel " 968 Whitaker, B. K „ " 536 White, Judge George " 492 White, N. L " 139 White, Thomas " 438 Whiting, Edwin between 110, 111 Wild, Charles facing 874 Wild, Edward A " 876 Wood, Henry " 490 Wolcott, H. F " 779 Worthington, Erastus " 25 o 'bury /A Sta J _£«.?/ Medrva 1 j t.Mtidnrul- j/%[edwa,y v \ w?i/-' r jF \7 ; ^s ; / iAi,NO(?/WOODa :- ". <; "' " W Afrl p OLE \ J /^ **"*"* - : Canter txfanifyn Sto 2v o: uh 05 LJ /CeirhrdlyP^yiWniJi'-^rporat'tt^ 1 \ ^Ztf&snpells % t ranfriiiArih TO f0finc//ind jellzn V: Q 'Vjll<&l{ ^S / I l X i» I -'1 ~^€\J'a i AV 6/ V F # medium, I F 0 v^ p ")R A fc K L ' / Uliiiou(rille a*. trrcmO&UnCerdre. I S /^/;.../.,v'J?' .;;> Ui /W R -E-rW T H A -~7y/?iddcv/ii'ff£ ( ,„ Hist \ ^ RHODE^ISLAND l/N^ CO. D IT FT I MASS. ¦» ^ > « < ^> -. TZng raved Hzpressly for this Work. INTRODUCTION. BY NAHUM CAPEN, LL.D. That divisions and subdivisions of extended terri tory, of increasing population and the multiplying wants of society are necessary for safe and economic efficiency, are truths almost too obvious to require elucidation. In these are to be found the outlines of republican strength necessary to a permanent union. Their importance was fully exemplified in the reign of Alfred the Great of England.1 The Puritans and the Pilgrims had no choice but to adopt such a system that they might hold their possessions as they ac quired them by purchase or otherwise, and preserve their authority as they had means to establish it with an increasing population. No individual nor family was recognized as a part of their community without a registered permit. The terms first adopted were modified from time to time, according to their grow ing importance. Under the monarchy of Great Britain the American continent was divided into provinces, or colonies, and these were subdivided into towns and counties. Before Massachusetts was nominally divided into counties, in 1643, it appears to have had such divis ions, designated by the term regiments. Under the date of Oct. 7, 1641, in General Court records is the following passage : " The proposition of choosing dep- ¦ uties for a yeare, and transacting and preparing all 1 " After Alfred had subdued and had settled or expelled the Danes, he found the kingdom in the most wretched condition; desolated by the ravages of those barbarians and thrown into disorders which were calculated to perpetuate its misery. *- * -:¦:¦ * * * £ " These were the evils for which it was necessary that the vigilance and activity of Alfred should provide a remedy. "That he might render the execution of justice strict and regular, he divided all England into counties; these counties he subdivided into hundreds, and the hundreds into tithings. Every householder was answerable for the behaviour of his family and slaves, and even of his guests if they lived above three days in his house. Ten neighboring householders were formed into one corporation, who, under the name of a tithing, decennary, or fribourg, were answerable for each other's con duct, and over whom one person, called a tithing-man, head- bourg, or borsholder, was appointed to preside. Every man was punished as an outlaw who did not register himself in some tithing. And no man could change his habitation without a warrant or certificate from the horsholder of the tithing to which he formerly belonged." — Hume, vol. i. pp. 70, 71. 1 things for the General Court amongst the three Regi ments, is to be carried by the deputies to the freemen of every towne, and their answer returned to the next session of this Court." Winihrop\ Journal of May 16, 1639, says, " two Regiments in the Bay mustered at Boston." Evidently the phrase " in the bay" " then excluded soldiers who belonged to what was afterwards called Essex County. Hence regi ment at these dates denoted an equal number of gen eral and territorial divisions in the colony." 2 The following statistics of Norfolk County repre sent the towns as they stood from 1793 to 1868, when Hyde Park was taken from Dorchester, Ded ham, and Milton, and incorporated April 22, 1868. Norfolk was taken from Wrentham, Franklin, Med- way, and Walpole, and incorporated Feb. 23, 1870. Norwood was taken from Dedham and Walpole, and incorporated Feb. 23, 1872. Holbrook was taken from Randolph, and incorporated Feb. 29, 1872. Wellesley was taken from Needham, and incorporated April 6, 1881. Norfolk County was taken from Suffolk County, March 26, 1793. It was bounded northeast by Bos ton harbor, north by Suffolk County, west by south east part of Worcester County, south by the northeast part of Rhode Island, and southeast and east by the counties of Bristol and Plymouth.3 Number of square miles, 445. Population: 1790, 23,878; 1800, 27,216; 1810, 31,245 ; 1820, 36,471 ; 1830, 41,901 ; 1 840, 53,140 ; 1850, 78,892 ; 1860, 109,950 ; 1870, 51,286 ; 1880, 70,922." County town, Dedham. Number of towns, 27, less Dorchester and Roxbury, annexed to Boston, viz. : Bellingham, Braintree, Brookline, Canton, Co hasset, Dedham, Dorchester, Dover, Foxborough, Franklin, Holbrook, Hyde Park, Medfield, Medway, Milton, Needham, Norfolk, Norwood, Quincy, Ran dolph, Roxbury, Sharon, Stoughton, Walpole, Wel lesley, Weymouth, Wrentham. 2 Mass. State Records, vol. i. p. 26. Edited by Nahum Capen. 3 Mass. State Record, 1847, vol. i.p. 26. 4 These figures will he varied by the annexation of Rox bury, West Roxbury, and Dorchester to Boston. HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS Bellingham was set off from Dedham and incorpo rated as a town in 1719. It lies eighteen miles southwest from Dedham, seventeen north by west from Providence, R. I., and twenty-eight southwest from Boston. Braintree formerly included Quincy and Randolph, and was at first called Mount Wollaston, the first settlement of which was in 1625. Braintree was incorporated in 1640. It lies ten miles south by east from Boston, and twelve east by south from Dorchester. Brookline, before its incorporation in 1705, be longed to Boston. It is four miles southwest from Boston, and five miles north-northeast from Ded ham. Canton was originally the south precinct of Dor chester, the first parish of Stoughton, called Dorches ter Village. It was incorporated in 1797. It is fourteen miles south by west from Boston, and six miles southeast from Dedham. Cohasset was originally a part of Hingham. It was incorporated in 1770. The settlement of Dedham commenced in 1635. Dedham is the shire-town of the county, and lies ten miles southwest from Boston, thirty-five east from Worcester, thirty-five northwest from Plymouth, twenty-six north by west from Taunton, and thirty north-northeast from Providence.1 Dorchester was incorporated in 1630, annexed to Boston at different periods, and now makes a part of Suffolk County. Dover was originally a part of Dedham. It was incorporated as a precinct in 1748, and as a town in 1784. It is five miles west from Dedham, and four teen southwest from Boston. Foxborough was settled previous to 1700, and was formerly a part of Wrentham, Walpole, and Stoughton. Franklin was set off from Wrentham in 1737 as a distinct parish, and incorporated as a town, and named in honor of Dr. Franklin, in 1778. 2 1 See History of Dedham, by Erastus Worthington, Esq. 2 "The name was selected in honor of Benjamin Franklin LL.D. While Dr. Franklin was in France, a friend of his in Boston wrote to him that a town in the vicinity of Boston had chosen his name, by which to be known in the world, and he presumed, as it had no bell with which to summon the people to meeting on the Sabbath, a, present of such an instrument from him would be very acceptable, especially as they were about erecting a new meeting-house. The doctor wrote, in re ply, that he presumed the people in Franklin were more fond of sense than of sound ; and accordingly presented them with a handsome donation of books for the use of the parish." Smalley's Centennial Sermon. Centre Village, tweaty-seven miles southwest from Boston, and sev.^v^en southwest from Dedham. Medfield w ;¦ originally a part of Dedham. It was incorporated ir> 1050. It lies eight miles south west from Dedham, a* d seventeen southwest from Boston. Medway was originally a part of Medfield. It was incorporated in 1713. It lies twenty-four miles southwest from Boston, and fourteen southwest from Dedham. The Indian name of Milton was said to have been Uncataquisset. The town of Dorchester in 1662 voted that Unquety should be a township, and it was incorporated in 1662. It lies seven miles from Boston, and six east from Dedham. Needham was originally a part of Dedham. It was incorporated in 1711. It lies five miles north west from Dedham, and by Worcester Railroad thirteen miles southwest from Boston. Quincy was originally the first parish in Braintree. It was first settled in 1625. It lies eight miles south by east from Boston, and ten east from Dedham. Randolph was originally a part of Braintree. It was incorporated in 1793. It was named in honor of Peyton Randolph, of Virginia, the first president of the American Congress. It lies fourteen miles south from Boston, and twelve southeast from Dedham. Roxbury was incorporated in 1630. Roxbury and West Roxbury now make a part of Boston and Suf folk County. Sharon was originally the second parish of Stough ton. It was incorporated in 1765. It was first named Stoughtonham, but it was soon changed to Sharon. It is seventeen miles by railroad southwest from Boston, and nine south from Dedham. Stoughton was originally a part of Dorchester, and embraced within its limits the towns of Canton, Sharon, and Foxborough. It was incorporated in 1726. It lies eighteen miles south from Boston, and ten southeast from Dedham. Walpole was originally a part of Dedham. It was incorporated in 1724. South Village is three miles from the East Village, and the East is nine miles south by west from Dedham, and nineteen southwest from Boston. Weymouth, the Wessagussett of the Indians, is the oldest settlement in Massachusetts except Plymouth. It lies eleven miles south by east from Boston, and fourteen southeast from Dedham. Wrentham was originally a part of Dedham. It was set off in 1661, and incorporated as a town in 1 673. It lies twenty-seven miles south-southwest from Boston, and seventeen south-southwest from Dedham. INTRODUCTION. It is a beneficent provision of Providence that society is divided and subdivided into circles, whether of a political, industrial, moral, domestic, social, or religious nature.1 Each circle has its centre, from which emanate its own peculiar influences, and which are reflected back from its circumference. This is true of the county, although the political organiza tion of a county affords but few opportunities to its inhabitants to distinguish themselves either officially or as citizens. Still, it is alive to its own interests, extent, and character. And yet, if we turn to his tory, we find numerous examples of remarkable ¦events within the smaller circles leading to great re sults in the larger. This truth was fully exempli fied in the action of committees, town-meetings, and county conventions in the earlier days of the Ameri can Revolution. Such action was natural, easy, con venient, and practicable, party-men acting together in the same neighborhood, town, or county. Some of the most important measures of the Revolution originated in the committee, the town-meeting, or in the county convention.2 Several of the counties of Massachusetts held conventions, and some of the most spirited and patriotic resolutions were passed. The Provincial Congress was recommended by these county conventions and the Continental Congress boldly sustained. At this critical and alarming period no county distinguished itself for intelligence and patriotism more than the inhabitants of Norfolk County. " At a meeting of the Delegates of every Town and District of the County of Suffolk [which embraced the towns now Nor folk County], on Tuesday, the 6th of September, 1774, at the house of Mr. Richard Woodward, of Dedham / and by ad journment at the house of Mr. Vose, of Milton, on Friday, the 9th of September. "Joseph Palmer, Esquire, being chosen Moderator, and Wil liam Thompson, Esq., Clerk. "A Committee was chosen to bring in a Report to the Con- 1 The Puritans did not allow the people to plead distance as an excuse for non-attendance at church. The following item is taken from the town records of Ipswich, Mass. ; " 1661. As an inhabitant of Ipswich, living at a distance, absented him self with his wife from public worship, the General Court em power the ' Seven men' (the town authorities) to sell his farm, so that they may live nearer the sanctuary, and be able more conveniently to attend on its religious services." 2 In his letter to the AbbS De Mably, John Adams says, — "The consequences of these institutions have been, that the inhabitants having acquired from their infancy the habit of discussing, of deliberating, and of judging of public affairs, it was in these assemblies of towns or districts that the senti ments of the people were formed in the first place, and there esolutions were taken from the beginning to the end of the disputes and the war with Great Britain." — John Adams, vol. v. p. 495. vention; and the following being several times read, and put, paragraph by paragraph, was unanimously voted."3 The committee reported nineteen resolutions, re citing the grievances of the colonies and recommend ing uncompromising action, and boldly appealed to the people to defend their constitutional rights.4 "At a Meeting of Delegates from several Towns and Dis tricts in the county of Suffolk, held at Milton, on Friday, the 9th of September, 1774. " Voted, that Dr. Joseph Warren and Dr. Benjamin Church, of Boston; Deacon Joseph Palmer, Germantown ; Captain Lem uel Robinson, Dorchester ; Colonel Ebenezer Thayer, Braintree ; Captain William Heath, Roxbury; William Holden, Esq., Dorchester ; Colonel William Taylor, Milton ; Captain John Homans, Dorchester; Isaac Gardner, Esq., Brookline; Mr. Richard Woodward, Dedham ; Captain Benjamin White, Brook- line ; Doctor Samuel Gardner, Milton ; Nathaniel Sumner, Esq., Dedham ; and Captain Thomas Aspinwall, Brookline, be a Committee lo wait upon his Excellency, the Governor, to inform him that the people of this county are alarmed at the fortifications making on Boston Neck, and to remonstrate against the same ; and the repeated insults offered by the sol diery to persons passing and repassing into that town, and to confer with him upon these subjects. "Attest, William Thompson, Clerk.'' The committee prepared a communication to Gov ernor Gage, and he replied to it, but his reply was deemed unsatisfactory, and it was voted to insert the correspondence in the public papers.5 In August, 1774, the grand jurors of this county and the petit jurors unanimously refused to be sworn because of the late tyrannical acts of the British Parliament, and publicly gave their reasons. Of the twenty-two in number, six were from Boston, and sixteen were from the towns, now Norfolk County, viz. : Ebenezer Hancock, Boston ; Samuel Hobart, Hing ham ; Peter Boyer, Boston ; Joseph Pool, Weymouth Joseph Hall, Boston ; William Bullard, Dedham Thomas Craft, Jr., Boston ; Jonathan Day, Needham James Ivers, Boston ; Abijah Upham, Stoughton Paul Revere, Boston ; Moses Richardson, Medway Robert Williams, Roxbury ; Henry Plympton, Med field ; William Thompson, Brookline ; Lemuel Hal- lock, Wrentham : Abraham Wheeler, Dorchester ; Joseph Willet, Walpole ; Joseph Jones, Milton ; Thomas Pratt, Chelsea; Nathaniel Belcher, Brain tree ; Nicholas Book, Bellingham. The names of the petit jurors are given, but not the towns from which they came.6 The county is an important part of the common- 3 American Archives, vol. i. p. 776. 4 These resolutions are too long to be copied. They may be found in American Archives, vol. i. p. 776. 6 See American Archives, vol. i. pp. 779-782. « See ibid., pp. 747-49. HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSAC LIU .SETTS. wealth, and the ambition of its officials is to make reports of the people not only favorable to themselves, but creditable by comparison with other counties. It has a natural ambition and a commendable pride in its courts and institutions to see that justice is promptly administered, the criminal secured, the wicked re formed, the weak defended against the strong, the widow wisely advised, the orphan protected. Its authority adjusts the highways from town to town, builds the bridges, and decides upon the convenience and interests of the people who have occasion to travel within its boundaries. The farmers and the learned professions associate within county limits to perfect themselves, each class in its own way, by making common stock of individual experience, and by discussing doubtful questions. The fruits of such associations in due time are extended to the com monwealth and to the nation, either by the press or conventions. Norfolk County can boast of one organization, such as cannot be found in New England, viz., " The Stoughton Musical Society." It was organized by leading men of Norfolk County, Nov. 7, 1786, and it is said to be, of the kind, the oldest in the United States. It adopted a constitution of nine articles, denomi nated " Regulations." The following extracts " indicate the moral and artistic character of the association :" " Every member shall behave with Decency, Politeness, and Dignity; and whosoever behaves disorderly shall be punished according to the nature of his offence, as the society shall order. "There shill be a Committee chosen, who shall examine all persons who shall wish to join the Society, and no one shall be admitted without their approbation." To these regulations the following names were subscribed : Elijah Dunbar, Esq., Enoch Leonard, Capt. Samuel Talbot, Samuel Capen (2d), Nathan Crane, Thomas Crane, Elijah Crane, James Capen, Joseph Smith (4th), Uriah Leonard, Samuel Dunbar, Jonathan Capen, Andrew Capen, Isaac Horton, Thomas Capen, Sam uel Tolman (deacon), Joseph Richards, Jr., George Wadsworth, David Wadsworth, John D. Dunbar, Peter Crane, Lemuel Fisher, Jonathan Billings, Jesse Billings, Atherton Wales. At a meeting, Nov. 22, 1786, the following were chosen officers of the society : Elijah Dunbar, Esq., president; Lieut. Samuel Capen, register (or secretary) ; Capt. Samuel Talbot, vice-president ; Joseph Smith (4th), first treasurer • Andrew Capen, second treasurer. Committee of E ... nation : Elijah Dunbar, Esq., Capt. Samuel Talbot, Lieut. Samuel Capen, Capt. Joseph Richards, Jr., Andrew Capen, Jonathan Capen, Enoch Leonard. At this meeting it vras voted to purchase the " Worcester Julleotiori a book which had been recently published by Isaiah Thomas, — the first type music published in America. The society issued its first publication in 1829, "The Stoughton Collec tion," from the press of Marsh & Capen, Boston, which passed through several editions, and was the text-book for practice by the society for many years.1 The second publication of the society was " The Centennial Collection," published by Oliver Ditson in 1878. Esquire Dunbar, as he was universally called by way of honorable distinction, remained president of the society until 1808, and was succeeded by Capt. Talbot, who held the office until 1818. In 1787 a new constitution was adopted. In th& preamble the value of the cultivation of vocal music by man, " who is of that elevated rank of beings capable of sounding forth the praise of God," was asserted, declaring it a recognized duty " to study to promote that harmony which is pleasing to our Maker, and so delightful to ourselves." In 1801 another constitution was adopted, in which the members pledged themselves anew to the duty of the study and practice of vocal music as a " Divine institution, promotive of friendship and sociability." The constitution was again revised in 1872. Since 1825 the annual meeting has been held the 25th December, Christmas afternoon and evening ; dinner at five o'clock, and a grand concert in the evening with a selected programme from ancient and modern authors. The society now numbers about five hundred mem bers, resident chiefly in Stoughton, Canton, Sharon, Randolph, Braintree, Weymouth, Milton, Abington, Brockton, Easton, and Quincy. The attendance of members at these annual meetings is often above three hundred, "joyously uniting their voices," to quote the language of President Battles, "in the swelling strains of the precise tunes, words, and notes which were sung by their predecessors nearly a hundred years ago." The present government of the society (1884) is as follows : Winslow Battles (Randolph), president; T. H. 1 Its preface and introduction were prepared by Nahum Capen. THE BENCH AND BAR. Dearing, M.D. (Braintree), Hon. David W. Tucker (Milton), Elijah G. Capen (Stoughton), George N. Spear (Holbrook), Charles F. Porter (Brockton), vice-presidents ; Daniel H. Huxford (Randolph), secretary; Alfred W. Witcomb (Randolph), treas urer; Prof. Hiram Wilde (Boston), conductor; George N. Spear (Holbrook), vice-conductor; Lucius H. Packard (Stoughton), George R. Whitney (Brockton), George N. Spear (Holbrook), executive committee; Herman L. West (Holbrook), pianist. Not to notice such a society in this introduction would be an unpardonable omission. Some of its leading members, from its organization to the present time, are numbered as among the most distinguished citizens of" Norfolk County. As natives or residents of this county may be men tioned the illustrious names of John Hancock, John Adams, John Quincy Adams, Charles Francis Adams, Gen. Joseph Warren, James Bowdoin, William Eus- tis, Edmund Quincy, Josiah Quincy, Capt. Roger Clapp, John Capen (the first in the colony to contri bute money to public schools), Roger Sherman,1 Rev. Dr. Emmons, Fisher Ames, Horace Mann, Erastus Worthington, Marshall P. Wilder, Dr. Jonathan Wales, Rev. T. M. Harris, Samuel D. Bradford, Ed ward Everett, A. H. Everett, John Everett, Edward H. Robbins, Daniel Fisher, John Wells, etc. We write the names as they occur to us and without order as to date, but to include all would too much extend the list for this place. To all the sources of gratification which are to be found in society, it may be added that the people of a county, whether by birth, residence, or associ ation, become attached to one another, and have a common pride in all that is done within its limits, 1 Roger Sherman lived in Canton before he removed to Con necticut. and in the honorable success of its citizens, however and wherever engaged. This is natural. Beginning with the family, what mother could find children superior to her own, a medical adviser more skillful than her physician, or a religious teacher more attrac tive and eloquent than the minister of her own parish ? Enter what circle we please, all is centred in what we have, in what we think, and in what we do, and in the place where we live. This is as it should be. It is in the constitution of things. If we do not care for our own, or our surroundings, who could be found to care for us ? But, in boasting of what is personal, selfish, or local, let us not narrow the habits of the mind. Let us not forget that we are capable of expanding our sense of duty, our affections and generous considerations, from the smaller to the larger circles, from the town to the county, from the county to the commonwealth, and from the commonwealth to the great republic, the American Union.2 To this broad and commend able pride is to be attributed the production of the following pages, giving to the world a just estimate of the character and distinction of some of the men who have lived to honor Norfolk County. 2 In speaking of the Amerioan Continent, in 1776, in his article published nnder the title of " Common Sense," Paine says,— " 'Tis not the affair of a city, a county, a province, or a king dom, but of a continent, — of at least one-eighth part of the habitable globe." " In this extensive quarter of the globe we forget the narrow limits of three hundred and sixty miles (the extent of Eng land) and carry our friendship on a larger scale ; we claim brotherhood with every European Christian, and triumph in the generosity of the sentiment. " It is pleasant to observe by what regular gradations we sur mount local prejudices as we enlarge our acquaintance with the world." — Common Sense, pp. 33, 35. CHAPTER I. THE BENCH AND BAR. BY ERASTUS WORTHINGTON. The county of Norfolk was incorporated by an act of the General Court which passed March 26, 1793. and took effect June 20, 1793. All the terri tory of the county of Suffolk, not comprehended within the towns of Boston and Chelsea, was then erected into an entire and distinct county, with Ded ham as its shire-town. The towns of Hingham and Hull were excepted by another act passed at the same session, and a few years after, those towns were annexed to Plymouth County. The territory of the new county extended from the line between Boston and Roxbury, southwesterly to the Rhode Island line, and from Middlesex on the north, to the Old Colony line, excepting Hingham on the south. It was com posed chiefly of towns with farming communities, having but few compact villages, except in the lower parts of Dorchester and Roxbury, which were imme diately contiguous to the large town of Boston. The formation of a new county had been the subject of petitions to the General Court from the towns for HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. several years, based upon the obvious grounds of con venience to the people in transacting the public busi ness. Dedham was selected as the shire-town on account of its central position, and perhaps because it was the parent town, which once included all the northerly and westerly towns of the county. Med field had been proposed, with the idea of uniting sev eral towns of Middlesex, At this time Dedham had a population of about two thousand people, mostly ftrmersT-with a small central village. As there was no court-house, the records of the Supreme Judicial Court from 1794 to 1796 contin ued to be kept in Boston, and the records for 1797 and 1798 are imperfect. The first term of the Court of Common Pleas, then a county court, was held in the meeting-house in Dedham, Sept. 24, 1793, and th/; firat case was committed to a jury at the April term, 1794. At the same term the number of actions entered was one hundred and sixty-six. The first term of the Supreme Judicial Court was held in August, 1794. A court-house and jail were ordered to be built in 1794, but they were not finished until 1795. Both structures were of wood and have long since disappeared. Fisher Ames, in a letter to Thomas Dwight, dated Sept. 11, 1794, writing of Dedham, says, "Our city is soon to be adorned with a jail and court house, provided a committee of the Sessions can be persuaded to hasten their snail's gallop. I think I have mentioned in a former letter, that the Honor able Supreme Court was to sit here in August. They did sit, and in tolerable good humor. Two days and a piece finished the business. The jurors could not but feel relief from the former burden of attending fifteen, sometimes thirty days in Boston." The allu sion to the humor of the judges is made more em phatic in a letter written several years later, where he speaks of Judge Ursa Major, R. T. Paine, and of whom, after an uncomfortable scene in court, Mr. Ames once said, with reference to his deafness, that " no man could get on there unless he came with a club in one hand and a speaking-trumpet in the other." At the beginning of the separate existence of Nor folk County, the number of lawyers practising in the towns must have been very few. There were not a dozen lawyers in the town of Boston. Fisher Ames and Samuel Haven of Dedham, Horatio Townsend of Medfield, Thomas Williams of Roxbury, Edward Hutchinson Robbins of Dorchester Lower Mills, Asaph Churchill of Milton, were the only attorneys practising in the courts at this period. Members of the bar in Suffolk, Middlesex, Worcester, and Bristol then and for some years afterwards were in the habit of attending the courts t." " •'•. ¦ v An *. Buiiu.in « raiuph^i urn^ THE BENCH AND BAR. 13 20, 1787, and united in marriage with Hattie Cleve land in June, 1823. The subject of our sketch received the rudiments of his education at the common schools of his native town, and at the age of fifteen entered Phillips (An dover) Academy, where he graduated in 1842, in the " English Department and Teachers' Seminary," which at that time was entirely distinct from the classical course. In the following year (1843) he en tered the classical department, where he remained until the summer of 1845, when he left the academy, and for two years following engaged in various pur suits, chiefly, however, civil engineering and survey ing. May 13, 1847, he entered the law-office of Ira Cleveland, Esq., at Dedham, where he pursued his studies with diligence and attention, and May 3, 1850, was admitted to the bar. In the mean time, however, he had spent some time in the Harvard Law- School. He at once commenced the practice of law in his native town, and very soon took a leading posi tion at the bar. He continued practice here until May 27, 1875, when he was appointed by Governor Gaston one of the justices of the Superior Court, a position virtually thrust upon him, as he knew nothing of the intention of Governor Gaston to appoint him until the day his name was proposed to the Council, and he was promptly confirmed. Nov. 10, 1882, he was commissioned by Governor Long as a justice of the Supreme Court, a position which he occupies at the present time. In speaking of his appointment by Governor Gaston, a writer says, " The comprehen sive knowledge of affairs, the wisdom, tact, and abil ity, the legal culture and judicial grasp of mind dis played by Judge Colburn, clothe his appointment to the bench of the Superior Court with special fitness and propriety, and make it one of the salutary acts of Governor Gaston's administration." One of the lead ers of the Suffolk bar, in speaking of Judge Colburn, says, " He is one of the ablest, most successful, and popular judges in the commonwealth." Judge Colburn, although never having been an active politician, has always labored to advance the interests of his native town, and has filled many posi tions of trust and responsibility within the gift of his townsmen. He was a member of the Legislature in 1853, serving as chairman of the Committee on Parishes, Religious Societies, etc. He was returned to the Legislature the following year, and served as chairman of the Committee on Railroads and Canals. During these years he earnestly opposed loaning the State's credit to the Hoosac Tunnel scheme. In 1870 he represented the Second Norfolk District in the State Senate, and served on the Judiciary Committee, and had charge of drafting the well- known corporation act. Judge Colburn was also for several years the candidate of the Democratic party for attorney-general. He was chairman of the board of selectmen, assessors, and overseers of the poor of Dedham for nine successive years, beginning in 1855. He is also president of the Dedham Institution for Savings, and a director in the Dedham National Bank. Politically, Judge Colburn was a member of the old Whig party, but upon the death of that organi zation he became a member of the Democratic party, with which he has since affiliated. He is a kind and beneficent neighbor and friend, a learned and upright judge, and one of Massachusetts' most honored citizens. Nov. 21, 1852, he united in marriage with Miss Mary Ellis Gay, daughter of Bunker Gay, of Ded ham. She died Oct. 22, 1859, leaving two daugh ters, — Mary and Anna F., — who are still living. Aug. 5, 1861, he married Elizabeth C. Sampson, daughter of Ezra W. Sampson, a lawyer, and for thirty years clerk of the courts of Norfolk County. There was one son by this marriage, who died in childhood. Ellis Ames (see history of Canton). Judges of Probate.1 — William Heath was born in Roxbury, March 2, 1737, on the estate settled by his ancestor in 1636, and was bred a farmer. His fondness for military exercises led him, in 1754, to join the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company, which he commanded in 1770, having previously been made a captain in the Suffolk regiment, of which he became colonel in 1774. In 1770 he wrote sundry essays in a Boston newspaper, signed " A Military Countryman," on the importance of military discipline and skill in the use of arms. He was a member of the General Court in 1761 and in 1771-74, engaged with zeal in the Revolutionary contest, was a delegate to the Pro vincial Congresses of 1774-75, and was a member of the Committees of Correspondence and of Safety. Appointed a Massachusetts brigadier-general Dec. 8, 1774; major-general, June 20, 1775 ; brigadier-general (Continental army), June 22, 1775 ; major-general, Aug. 9, 1776. He rendered great service in the pursuit of the British troops from Concord, April 19, 1775, and in organizing the rude and undisciplined army around Boston, and with his brigade was sta tioned at Roxbury during the siege of Boston. After its evacuation he accompanied the army to New York, 1 The following notices of the judges of the Probate Court are taken from the "Norfolk Court Manual," prepared and published by Henry O. Hildreth, Esq., in 1876, with the kind permission of the author. 14 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. opposed the evacuation of that city, and near the close of the year 1776 was ordered to take command of the posts in the Highlands. In 1777 he was intrusted with the command of the eastern department, and had charge of the Saratoga (convention) prisoners. In June, 1779, he was or dered to the command on the Hudson, where he was stationed till the close of the war. Returning to his farm, he became a delegate to the convention that adopted the Federal Constitution in 1788, State senator in 1791-92, and in 1806 was chosen Lieu tenant-Governor of Massachusetts, but declined the office. July 2, 1793, he was appointed judge of the Court of Common Pleas for the new county of Nor folk, and the same day was appointed first Judge of Probate for the county. He died Jan. 24, 1814, aged seventy-seven years. Edward Hutchinson Robbins was bom in Milton, Feb. 19, 1758, and was graduated at Har vard College in 1775. He studied law with Oakes Angier, of Bridgewater, and commenced practice in his native town. He was chosen a Representative from Milton in 1781, and Speaker of the House of Representatives in 1793, which office he held for nine successive years. In 1802 he was chosen Lieu tenant-Governor, and held the office until 1807. In 1793 he was appointed Special Justice of the Court of Common Pleas for Norfolk County, and in 1799 was appointed Chief Justice of the same court. In 1808 and 1809 he was a member of the Executive Council. He also held many other positions of trust and responsibility. On the decease of Gen. Heath, in 1814, he was appointed Judge of Probate for the county of Norfolk, which office he held until his death, which occurred Dec. 29, 1829.1 Sherman Leland was born in Grafton, March 29, 1793, and remained on his father's farm until he was more than twenty years of age. During the two or three years following he attended school most of the time, and in October, 1805, commenced the study of the law, employing the winter months of that and the three succeeding years in teaching. He was admitted to the bar at Worcester in December, 1809, and commenced practice at Eastport, Me., January, 1810. Oct. 11, 1811, he was appointed prosecuting attorney for the county of Washington. He represented Eastport in the Massachusetts Legis- 1 Judge Robbins was a man of fine personal presenoe, of genial manners, and great kindness of heart. He was emphat ically the friend of the widow and orphan, and his death was regarded as a great public loss. He lived and died on the fine estate on Brush Hill, now the residence of his son, Hon. James Murray Robbins. lature of 1812, and in December of that year was appointed first lieutenant, and served under that ap. pointment in the army of the United States upon the eastern frontier until April, 1813, when he received the appointment of captain in the Thirty-fourth Regi ment of Infantry in the United States army, and served until June 5, 1814, when he resigned his commission and resumed the practice of his profes sion. In July he removed to Roxbury, Mass., and in the year 1815 opened an office in Boston, and commenced practice in both the counties of Suffolk and Norfolk. He was a Representative from Rox bury in the Massachusetts Legislature for the years 1818, '19, '20, and '21. He was also a delegate from Roxbury in the Constitutional Convention of 1820. He was a member of the Senate of Massachusetts from the county of Norfolk for the years 1823 and 1824, and, during the temporary absence of the presi dent, was elected president pro tern. He was . again a member of the House of Representatives in the year 1825, and was chairman of the committee on the judiciary. In 1824 he was a candidate for Rep resentative in Congress for the Norfolk District, but, after several trials, his competitor, Hon. John Bailey, was elected by a small majority. He was again elected a member of the Senate from Norfolk County for the years 1828 and 1829, and was president of the Senate for the year 1828, and chairman of the Committee on the Judiciary for 1829. On the 26th of January, 1830, he was appointed Judge of Probate for the county of Norfolk, in place of Judge Robbins, de ceased, and immediately entered upon the discharge of the duties of the office, which he continued to per form until his death, which occurred Nov. 19, 1853, at the age of seventy years. William Sherman Leland was born in Rox bury, Oct. 12, 1824. After leaving the public schools in his native town, he entered the law-office of his father, Hon. Sherman Leland, then Judge of Probate of the county of Norfolk. On the death of his father, in November, 1853, he was appointed to fill the vacancy, which position he continued to oc cupy until 1858, when, under the administration of Governor Banks, the law concerning Courts of Pro bate and Insolvency was changed, and he failed to re ceive the appointment as judge of the new court. He resumed the general practice of law, and soon ac quired a large and lucrative practice. He was for many years one of the directors of the People's Bank of Roxbury, and was at one time its active president, He was one of the projectors of the Elliot Five Cent Savings-Bank, and was chosen its president, which office he continued to hold until his death which THE BENCH AND BAR. 15 took place July 26, 1869, at the age of forty-four years. George White was born in Quincy. He was fitted for college under the instruction of William M. Cornell, LL.D., and at the Phillips Academy, in Exeter, N. H. He was graduated at Yale College in 1848, and began his professional studies in the Dane Law-School at Cambridge, and received the degree of LL.B. from Harvard College in 1850. He completed his studies with Hon. Robert Rantoul, Jr., and upon his admission to the Suffolk bar, in 1851,. he became a partner with Mr. Rantoul, having an office in Boston. He was a member of the Con stitutional Convention from Quincy in 1853. He was appointed Judge of Probate and Insolvency in 1858, and he has held the office since that time. He now resides in Wellesley, having an office in Boston. (See notice of Judge White in history of Wellesley.) The Bar. — Fisher Ames. — He was admitted to the bar in Suffolk in 1781. He was graduated at Harvard College in 1774, and studied law with Wil liam Tudor in Boston. He had an office in Boston for a short time, but he removed to Dedham about the time of the incorporation of the county. He built an office and began practice, although he was a member of Congress until 1797. His health, how ever, failed in 1795, and while he continued to practise in the courts to some extent, he gradually withdrew towards the close of his life. Mr. Ames evidently found the trial of ordinary cases very irksome, and his time and attention were taken up by his farm and politics. His fame as a lawyer was completely overshadowed by his eminence as a states man and political writer. An account of his life and character will be found in the history of Dedham in this volume. Horatio Townsend was born in Medfield, March 29, 1763, and was graduated at Harvard College in 1783 ; studied law with Theophilus Parsons at New buryport, and began practice in Medfield. In 1799 he was appointed special justice of the Court of Common Pleas, and about the same time was appointed clerk of the courts, which office he held until 1811, when he was removed by Governor Gerry. He was reappointed the following year, and continued in office until his death, which occurred at Dedham, July 9, 1826, at the age of sixty-three years. Samuel Haven. — Admitted to the Suffolk bar before the incorporation of the county of Norfolk. He was the son of Rev. Jason Haven, the minister of Dedham, and was born April 5, 1771. He was graduated at Harvard College in 1789, and studied law with Fisher Ames and his cousin, Samuel Dex ter, of Boston. He was the first Register of Probate of this county. In 1802 he was commissioned a Justice of the Court of Common Pleas, and in 1804 was appointed Chief Justice, and continued in that office until the court was abolished, in 1811. He was in the office of Register of Deeds until 1833, a period of forty years, and almost wholly retired from the practice of law. He then removed to Roxbury, where he continued to reside until his death, Sept. 4, 1847, at the age of seventy-six years. The mother of Judge Haven was the sister of Samuel Dexter, Sr., and daughter of Rev. Samuel Dexter, minister of Dedham. He built the fine house near the court-house, on the corner of Court and Ames Street, about 1795. His office stood upon his grounds, and was the first office occupied by Waldo Colburn, who began practice in 1850, but it is now removed. It was in this office probably the first meeting of the bar was held. He was in- terested in theological questions, and wrote an elabo rate pamphlet upon the case of the Dedham Church in 1818. He was the father of Samuel F. Haven, of Worcester. Thomas Greenleaf. — He was a member of the bar before the incorporation of the county. He was born in Boston, May 15, 1767, and was graduated at Harvard College in 1784. He removed to Quincy early in the present century. He was a represen tative to the General Court from 1808 to 1820. He was a member of the Executive Council from 1820 to 1822. In 1806 he was appointed a special justice of the Court of Common Pleas for the county of Norfolk. He died Jan. 5, 1854, aged eighty six years and seven months. Asaph Churchill, of Milton, was a member of the bar at the formation of the county. He was born in Middleborough, May 5, 1765, and was graduated at Harvard College in 1789, having a disputation with Nahum Mitchell, of Bridgewater, as his part for commencement. He studied law with John Davis, Esq., of Plymouth, and was admitted to practice in Boston in 1795. He was one of few attorneys, prob ably less than twelve, at that time practising law in Boston. Having continued his office in Boston for several years, he removed to Milton, where he pur chased an estate on Milton Hill of Edward H. Rob bins. He had a large practice in Norfolk County. He died in Milton, June 30, 1841, at the age of seventy-six years. He was a descendant of John Churchill, who came to this country in 1640. John Shirley Williams. — Attorney of Supreme Judicial Court, 1803. He was born in Roxbury, May 3, 1772, and was graduated at Harvard College in 16 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. 1797. He practised law at Roxbury and at Dedham. In 1811 he was appointed Clerk of the Courts by Gov ernor Gerry, but was removed the next year by Gov ernor Strong. He was also County Attorney. He died at Ware, Mass., while on a journey for his health, in May, 1843, aged seventy-one years. Henry Maurice Lisle. — Attorney of Supreme Judicial Court, 1802. He was an Englishman who practised law in Milton. He was a man of ability, but little is known concerning him. There is a tra dition that he went to the West Indies. James Richardson. — Attorney of the Supreme Judicial Court, 1803. He was born in Medfield, Oct. 12, 1771, and was graduated at Harvard College in 1797. He studied law in the office of Fisher Ames in Dedham, and was afterwards his partner in business until the death of Mr. Ames. He was a learned lawyer, and had a taste for literature. He was a senator from the county in the session of 1813-14, and a member of the Constitutional Convention of 1820. He was one of the Presidential electors in 1832. He was president of the Bar Association of the county for many years. He was at one time engaged in manu facturing business, and towards the close of his life withdrew from active practice. He continued to be president of the Norfolk Mutual Fire Insurance Com pany until his death, which occurred in May, 1858. Jairus Ware.— Counsellor of Supreme Judicial Court, March, 1808. He was born in Wrentham, Jan. 22, 1772, and was graduated at Brown Univer sity in 1797. He practised law in Wrentham. He was Representative to the General Court from 1809 to 1816, and also 1818-23 ; member of the Executive Council, 1825-26; in 1811 Justice of Circuit Court of Common Pleas; and in 1819 Chiefjustice of the Court of Sessions. He was appointed Clerk of the Courts Sept. 1, 1826, and held the office until his death, which occurred at Dedham, Jan. 18, 1836, at the age of sixty-four years. Thomas B. Adams.— Counsellor of Supreme Ju dicial Court, March, 1808. He was the third son of President John Adams, and was born in Quincy, then Braintree, Sept. 15, 1772; was graduated at Harvard College in 1790; was admitted to the bar in the State of Pennsylvania, and returned to the commonwealth after the incorporation of the county. He was chief justice of the Circuit Court of Common Pleas in 1811, Representative to General Court from Quincy in 1805, and in 1811 was a member of the Executive Council. He died March 12, 1832, at the age of fifty-nine years and six months. Mr. Adams took an interest in the bar meetings for a time, and his name frequently appears in these proceedings. Gideon L. Thayer. — Counsellor of Supreme Ju. dicial Court, 1808. He was the son of Hon. Ebenezer Thayer, and was born in Braintree, Sept. 24, 1777. He was graduated at Harvard College in 1798, and studied law with Benjamin Whitman, of Plymouth County, and also with Judge Crauch. He practised in that part of Braintree which is now Quincy, and also in the easterly part of the town near Weymouth Landing. He had a high standing in bis profession. He died July 17, 1829, at the age of fifty-two years. William Dunbar. — Counsellor of Supreme Ju dicial Court, 1809. He was born in Stoughton, now Canton, Aug. 15, 1780, and never received a collegiate education. He practised law in Canton for a time, and then went West or South, and was gone many years. He returned to Canton a few years before his death, which took place May 6, 1848, and did some office work. Daniel Adams. — Counsellor of Supreme Judicial Court, 1809. He was born in Watertown, March 26, 1779 ; was graduated at Harvard College in 1799, and commenced the practice of law at Medfield. He was a Representative to the General Court from 1812 to 1820, excepting one year, and again in 1841. He'was appointed Judge of the Court of Sessions of Norfolk County in 1822, and upon the retirement of Judge Ware, in 1826, was made Chief Justice. He died Sept. 2, 1852, at the age of seventy-three years. Jabez Chickering. — Counsellor of Supreme Ju- dipial Court, 1809. He was the son of the Rev. Jabez Chickering, of Dedham (South Parish), where he was born Aug. 28, 1782. He began practice in Dedham and continued it for many years. He subsequently engaged in manufactures, and was cashier of the DedT ham Bank. He removed in 1823 to Monroe, Mich., where he died Oct. 20, 1826. Joseph Harrington. — Counsellor of Supreme Judicial Court, 1809. He had an office in Roxbury, where he practised many years. David Allen Simmons. — Attorney of Circuit Court of Common Pleas, September, 1812. He was born in Boston, Nov. 7, 1785, and was educated at Chesterfield Academy in New Hampshire, whither he removed in his childhood. He returned to Boston in 1806, and studied law with Thomas Williams, of Roxbury. He had an office in Boston, and was part ner with George Gay, who was admitted at the same time, for many years, and afterwards with James M. Keith and Harvey Jewell. He always lived at Rox bury, and had a good practice in Norfolk County. He was a man of remarkable energy, and conducted his cases with zeal and ability. He died in Roxbury, Nov. 20, 1859, at the age of seventy-two years. He THE BENCH AND BAR. 17 had received the honorary degree of Bachelor of Laws from Dartmouth College. Josiah J. Fiske. — Counsellor of the Supreme Judicial Court, 1815. (See history of Wrentham.) John King.- — Counsellor of Supreme Judicial Court, 1811. He had an office in Randolph, where he practised many years. Samuel P. Loud. — Counsellor of Supreme Ju dicial Court, 1811. He was born in Weymouth, March, 1783 ; was graduated at Brown University in 1805 ; studied law in the office of John Quincy Adams, and began the practice of law in Dorchester. He was a representative from Dorchester and senator from Norfolk County for many years ; was a member of the Executive Council in 1841 and 1842, and represented the town in the Constitutional Conven tion of 1853. He was for six years a justice of the Court of Sessions for the county, and from 1828 to : 1853, a period of twenty-five years of continuous - service, he was chairman of the county commission ers. He died at Dorchester, July 11, 1875, at the age of ninety-two years and four months. Christopher Webb. — Counsellor of Supreme Judicial Court, 1813. He was graduated at Brown University in 1803 and resided in Weymouth, and was a representative to the General Court from that town for many years, and was also a senator from the county from 1827 to 1834. He was county attorney for the county, and in 1826 was commis- i sioner of highways. He died in Baltimore in Febru ary, 1848, aged sixty-seven years. Erastus Worthington. — Counsellor of Supreme ; Judicial Court, 1813. He was born in Belchertown, ' Mass., Oct. 8, 1779, and was graduated at Williams College in 1804. After his graduation he was em ployed for a time in teaching, and then began the study of law, which he completed in the office of John Heard, Esq., of Boston. He was first ad mitted in Suffolk, but came to Dedham in 1809. . Here he continued to practise until about the year 1825, when, having been active in the formation of the Norfolk Mutual Fire Insurance Company, he became its first secretary, and held this office until 1840, when he resigned it on account of ill health. He was Representative from Dedham to the General Court in 1814 and 1815. He wrote and published "An Essay on the Establishment of a Chancery Jurisdiction in Massachusetts," which is believed upon competent authority to have been the first ar gument published in favor of an equity jurisdiction in the commonwealth. In 1827 he wrote and pub lished a " History of Dedham from its Settlement in 1635 to May, 1827." He died June 27, 1842. Ebenezer F. Thayer. — Counsellor of Supreme Judicial Court, 1813. He was a brother of Gideon L. Thayer, and was born in Braintree, June 12, 1784. He studied law with H. M. Lisle, of Milton, with James Sullivan and Gideon L. Thayer. In company with Samuel K. Williams, he practised in Boston some six or eight years, and afterwards in Brain tree. He died Feb. 15, 1824, at about forty years of age. Thomas Greenleaf, Jr. — Counsellor of the Supreme Judicial Court, 1814. He was a son of Thomas Greenleaf, of Quincy ; was graduated at Har vard College in 1806, and died in 1817. Cyrus Alden. — Counsellor of the Supreme Ju dicial Court, 1815. He was born at Bridgewater, Mass., and was graduated at Brown University in 1807, and studied law at Litchfield, Conn., and with William Baylies, at West Bridgewater. He was ad mitted to the bar first at^ Plymouth. He began the practice of the law at Wrentham, where he remained for six years and then removed to Fall River, from which town he was Representative to the General Court in 1837. In 1819 he published a work en titled, " An Abridgement of Law, with Practical Forms." He was a worthy man and had a good rep utation in his profession. He died in 1855. Samuel J. Gardner. — Counsellor of Supreme Judicial Court, 1814. He was born in Brookline, July 9, 1788. He entered Harvard College in 1803, being the youngest member of his class. He left college a few days before the close of his senior year, being engaged with his class in a rebellion. Gardner was invited to return and take the valedictory part at commencement, but he declined. Some years after, he received an honorary degree from the college. He studied law with Judge Fay, of Cambridge, and at tended lectures at Philadelphia. He began practice in Roxbury in 1810. His office was on Boston Neck, and was a well-known landmark for twenty years. He acquired considerable property in his practice, and retired from active practice after a time. He was active in public affairs, being secretary and treasurer of the Roxbury Grammar School, and manager of the Roxbury Benevolent Society. He was a Repre sentative to the General Court, president of the Nor folk County Temperance Society, and Deputy Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Freemasons in Massa chusetts. He subsequently lost much of his property, and in 1838 he removed to Newark, N. J., where he en gaged in literary pursuits and in the education of his children. In 1844 he removed to New York. He was for eleven years editor of the Newark Daily Ad- 18 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. vertiser. He was an accomplished scholar and able writer, and under his editorial administration his paper held a high position among the leading journals of the country. In the discussions preceding the war of the Rebellion he was a vigorous supporter of the party of the Union. He retired from this post at the age of seventy-two in 1861. He died in the White Moun tains, July 14, 1864, at the age of seventy-six years. After his death a selection of his writings, written for the columns of his newspaper, appeared under the name of " Autumn Leaves," and in these the wit and humor which made his conversation delightful found expression. Abner Loring. — Attorney of the Supreme Judi cial Court, 1813. He was born in Hingham, July 21, 1786, and was graduated at Harvard College in 1807. He studied law with Ebenezer Gay. He began practice at Dorchester, and was well read in his profession, devoted to business, and of unexception able character. He died, deeply lamented, July 18, 1814, at the age of twenty-eight years. Thomas Tolman. — Counsellor of the Supreme Judicial Court, 1820. He was born in Stoughton, Feb. 20, 1791, and was graduated at Brown Univer sity in 1811. He practised law in Canton until 1837, and then removed to Boston and had an office there. He was a Representative to the General Court from Canton in 1828 and 1836. He was afterwards a member of the Executive Council. He died in Boston in 1869. John B. Derby. — Counsellor-at-Law of Supreme Judicial Court, 1821. He practised law in Dedham for some years, and afterwards removed to Boston, where he died. He was the father of Lieut. Derby, well known as a humorous writer under the nom de flume of " John Phoenix." Lewis Whiting Fisher. — Attorney of the Cir cuit Court of Common Pleas, September term, 1819. He was born in Franklin, Dec. 29, 1792, was grad uated at Brown University in 1816, and studied law with Josiah J. Fiske, at Wrentham. He afterwards opened an office at Wrentham, where he lived until his death, April 20, 1827. John W. Ames. — Attorney of Supreme Judicial Court, 1820. He was the eldest son of Fisher Ames, and was born Oct. 22, 1793. He was graduated at Harvard College in 1813, and studied law with Theron Metcalf. He had an office in Boston for a short time, but soon removed to Dedham. He was Representative to the General Court from Dedham in 1822, and was president of the Dedham Bank from June 16, 1829, to his death, Oct. 31, 1833. He was never married, but always lived with his mother. He was much interested in the building of the court-houai in 1827. Abel Cushing. — Counsellor of Supreme Judicial Court, 1818. He was graduated at Brown Univer sity in 1810, studied with Ebenezer Gay, of Hing. ham, and practised law in this county for a number of years, having an office in Dorchester. He was afterwards appointed a justice of the Justices' Court in Boston, which office he held until his resignation shortly before his death, in 1866. He was a Repre sentative to the General Court from Dorchester for three years, and also a Senator from Norfolk County, Meletiah Everett. — Counsellor of the Supreme Judicial Court, 1820. He was born in Wrentham, June 24, 1777. He was graduated at Brown Uni versity in 1802. He studied law with Hon. Laban Wheaton, of Norton, and began practice in Foxbor ough, where he resided until about the year 1832, when he removed to Wrentham. He was a Repre sentative to the General Court from Foxborough in 1831, and was a Senator from the county in 1841 and 1842. He was a safe and prudent counsellor. He died in Wrentham in 1858. The Hon. Horace Everett, of Vermont, was his brother. Ezra Weston Sampson. — He was probably ad mitted to the bar in the county of Plymouth. He was born in Duxbury, Dec. 1, 1797, and was gradu ated at Harvard College in 1816. He had an office in Braintree, where he practised law about twelve years. Upon the decease of Judge Ware, he was ap pointed in 1836 Clerk of the Courts for the county, and held the office until January, 1867. During the last year of his life he was unable to perform the duties of his office by reason of illness. He died in Dedham, Jan. 15, 1867, at the age of sixty-nine years. Warren Lovering. — Counsellor of the Supreme Judicial Court, October term, 1825. He was grad uated at Brown University in 1817. He had an office in Medway for many years, and at one time had an extensive practice. He was a Representative to the General Court from Medway in 1827 and 1828. He held several important offices, and was a promi nent member of the Whig party. The last years of his life were spent in poverty and obscurity. He died in 1876. Jonathan Parker Bishop was born in Kil- lingly, Conn., April 10, 1792. He was the son of Jonathan Parker Bishop, a well-known physician and Hannah (Torrey) Bishop. He commenced the practice of law in Medfield about the year 1818, having been admitted to the bar in another county, and was prominently identified with the affairs of the THE BENCH AND BAR. 19 town during his life. He represented the town in the Legislature in 1848 and 1851, and was actively interested in the election of Charles Sumner to the United States Senate, which first took place in the latter year. He was largely instrumental in the build ing of the Charles River Railroad, which was opened through the town in 1861. He died July 10, 1865. Aaron Prescott. — Attorney of Supreme Judi cial Court, 1820. He was graduated at Harvard College in 1814. He practised law for many years in the county, and had an office in Randolph. He died in 1851. Jonathan H. Cobb. — Counsellor of Supreme Judicial Court, 1824. He was born in Sharon, July 8, 1799, and was graduated at Harvard College in 1817. He began the study of law in the office of William Dunbar, of Canton, where he remained until Oct. 9, 1818, when he went to Charleston, S. O, and opened a classical school. In 1819 he returned to Massachusetts, and completed his legal studies in the office of Jabez Chickering, of Dedham. He was editor of the Village Register, in Dedham, and had an office in Boston. In 1831 he was active in the formation of the Dedham Institution for Sav ings, of which he was the first treasurer. In 1831 the Legislature requested the Governor to procure the compilation of a manual on the mulberry-tree and the manufacture of silk, which was prepared by Mr. Cobb, of which several editions were published, land afterwards republished by order of Congress. In 1837 he established a manufactory of sewing-silk in Dedham, of which he was superintendent and principal proprietor, but which was burned in 1845. In 1833 he was appointed register of probate for Norfolk County, which office he held until 1879. He was for thirty consecutive years the town clerk of Dedham, declining re-election in 1875. He was deacon of the First Church for more than forty years, and for the same period an active magistrate of the county. He died March 12, 1882. George C. Wilde. — Attorney of the Supreme Judicial Court, October term, 1826. He was the son of the Hon. Samuel S. Wilde, a justice of the Supreme Judicial Court. His professional life was a brief one, but he practised law in Wrentham until about the year 1835, when he was appointed Clerk of the Supreme Judicial Court in the county of Suffolk, an office which he held for about forty years. Ira Cleveland. — Attorney of the Court of Common Pleas, Dec. 5, 1827. Horace Mann. — Attorney of Court of Common Pleas, 1826; Supreme Judicial Court, 1827. He was the son of Thomas and Mary Mann, and was born in Franklin, May 4, 1796. He was graduated at Brown University in 1819. He entered the office of Josiah J. Fiske, at Wrentham, but soon after became a tutor at Brown University for two years. He then studied a year in the law-school at Litchfield, Conn., and completed his studies with James Richardson, at Dedham. He opened an office in Dedham, being the same lately occupied by Jabez Chickering, on the corner of Court and Church Streets. He was a Representative to the General Court from Dedham for four years, 1827- 31. In 1833 he removed to Boston, and entered into a partnership with Edward G. Loring. He was a member of the Senate from Suffolk four years, and in 1837 was president of that body. He was chair man of the committee for the revision of the statutes of 1836, and prepared the marginal notes and cita tions of cases, as editor with Theron Metcalf. He was appointed secretary^of the Board of Education upon its organization, June 29, 1837. Of the great distinction and influence to which he attained in this office it is unnecessary to speak in this notice, or of his career as a member of Congress from 1848-52, which though brief was memorable. He died while president of Antioch College, Ohio, Aug. 2, 1859. The brief period of practice in his profession at Dedham is naturally overlooked by reason of his having become so widely known as an educator and philanthropist, yet he was remembered by his con temporaries who knew him as a lawyer as a man of brilliant parts, and was a successful advocate. He was fond of controversy, and wielded an extremely caustic pen. He had many admirers in Norfolk County, and years after his removal from Dedham, when he was an independent candidate for Congress, the popularity and influence gained while at the bar, aided materially in his election. John Jones Clarke. — Counsellor of the Supreme Judicial Court, Nov. 5, 1830. He was born Feb. 24, 1803 ; was the son of Rev. Pitt Clarke (H. C. 1790), of Norton, Mass., and Rebecca (Jones) Clarke, of Hopkinton. He was at school at the Nor ton Academy, and was fitted for college partly at the Framingham and Andover Academies and partly by his father, who was, for his time, a distinguished scholar and teacher. He entered Harvard College in 1819, with a class in which, at the end of the course of four years, a famous rebellion occurred, on account of which a large majority of the class were refused their degrees, and it was not until 1841 that Mr. Clarke received from the college the degrees of A.B. and A.M. Upon leaving college, Mr. Clarke pursued the 20 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. study of law in the office of Hon. Laban Wheaton, of Norton, for a year ; he then entered the office of James Richardson, Esq., at Dedham, where he re mained two years ; he was then, in 1826, admitted to the bar of the Court of Common Pleas, and after wards, in 1830, to the bar of the Supreme Court. In 1826, Mr. Clarke commenced the practice of law in Roxbury, where he has ever since resided, having an office on Washington Street, nearly oppo site Eustis. Here his business gradually increased, and in 1830 he married Miss Rebecca Cordis Has- well, a daughter of Capt. Robert Haswell, formerly in the navy, and afterwards in the mercantile service, and step-daughter of John Lemist, Esq., a prominent citizen of Roxbury, a union which has been emi nently happy, the fiftieth anniversary of which was celebrated by a large circle of their friends in 1880. Mr. Clarke early became one of the leaders of the bar of Norfolk County, and he was frequently re* tained in important cases in Plymouth and Bristol Counties. On the acceptance in 1848 of a seat on the bench by Hon. George T. Bigelow, Mr. Clarke formed a partnership with his brother, Mr. Manlius S. Clarke, who had to that time been Judge Bigelow's partner. The principal office of the firm was in Boston, but Mr. Clarke retained his office in Roxbury for some years after this, and continued to attend to business in Norfolk County, in addition to attending to a por tion of the large business of the firm of J. J. & M. S. Clarke in Suffolk County and elsewhere. This partnership was ended by the death of Mr. M. S. Clarke in 1853, and for a few months Mr. Elias Merwin was associated with Mr. Clarke, and aided in winding up the unfinished business of the old firm. In April, 1854, he took as a partner Mr. Lemuel Shaw, Jr., who had been a student in his office. This partnership continued until 1863, when in consequence of the increasing personal responsi bilities of both partners it was dissolved, and from the same cause Mr. Clark gradually withdrew from active practice. Mr. Clarke early joined the First Church in Rox bury, and has been an active and useful member of that church and congregation. He was a member of the House of Representatives for Roxbury in 1836 and 1837, and of the Senate for Norfolk County in 1853, and when Roxbury was incorporated in 1846 he was chosen its first mayor, and rendered efficient service in organizing the new city government, but declined to hold the office for more than one year. Mr. Clarke was at one time president of the Win- throp Bank of Roxbury, was one of the founders and the first president of the Roxbury Gas Company, and in the early history of the Metropolitan Railroad was one of its directors, and in every relation in life has always commanded the respect and confidence of his fellow-citizens. Mr. Clarke was in early life a zealous member of the Whig party, but since the dissolution of that party he has not taken an active part in politics, though always doing his duty as a good citizen in voting at every election. He has always taken a great interest in the suppression of intemperance, and has for many years been a total abstainer from all intoxicating agents. Mr. Clarke continues to occupy an office at 27 State Street, Boston, where he has been in practice since 1848, but of late years his time has been de voted principally to the care of estates of which he is trustee. John Mark Gourgas. — Attorney of the Supreme Judicial Court, November term, 1830. He was grad uated at Harvard College in 1824. He practised law in this county during his life, having an office in Quincy. He died in 1862, and was never married. He was a careful and accurate lawyer. Nathaniel Foster Safford was born in Salem in 1815, and was graduated at Dartmouth College in 1835. He studied law with Asahel Huntington, of Salem, where he was admitted to the bar. He began practice in Dorchester in 1839, where he acted as magistrate, and also as a master in chancery in the period of jurisdiction under the insolvent laws. He was Representative to the General Court from Dor chester iu 1850 and 1851. In 1853 he was nomi nated by the Whig party to succeed Samuel P. Loude, who had declined further service as county commis sioner, but there having been no choice by the people after two trials, he was appointed by Governor Clifford to fill the vacancy. He was elected chairman of the board, a position which he continued to fill by succes sive re-elections until Jan. 1, 1868. He was again elected county commissioner in 1872, and from Jan, 1, 1873, to January, 1879, he was chairman of the board. He now resides in Milton, but has an office in Boston. William S. Morton practised law at Quincy for many years, but he was not admitted in this county. He was graduated at Harvard College in 1831, and died at Quincy in 1871. He was a trial justice for some years. Naaman L. White.— He was graduated at Har vard College in 1835. He has had an office in Brain tree for many years, where he now resides. He was -2^7^z THE BENCH AND BAR. 21 admitted to the bar elsewhere, and is not now in active practice. Fisher A. Kingsbury was a native of Norfolk County, and practised many years at Weymouth. He died many years ago. He acted as magistrate in Wey mouth. He was admitted as counsellor of the Supreme Judicial Court in 1831. Asaph Churchill, Jr. — Attorney and counsellor, September term, Court of Common Pleas, 1834. He was born in Milton, April 20, 1814. He was grad uated at Harvard College in 1831 ; studied law with his father at Milton, and in the Harvard Law-School. He was admitted to the bar before he was twenty-one years of age, and had an office at the Lower Mills, in Dorchester, and Milton until 1857, when he took an office in Boston, where he has since continued to prac tise, having had for his partner, from 1857 to 1870, Edward L. Pierce, and since that time his son, Joseph R. Churchill. He was a Senator from Norfolk County in 1857 ; was a director and president of the Dorchester and Milton Bank, afterwards the Blue Hill Bank, for more than twenty-five years. He was also president of the Dorchester Mutual Fire Insurance Company. He has resided in Dorchester, and has had a large practice, to which at this date (1883) he is fully deyoted. Abner L. Cushing. — He was born in Dorchester, and was the son of Abel Cushing. He was graduated at Harvard College in 1838. He edited the Boston Republic a few years, and studied law with his father. He began practice in Boston, and subsequently re moved to Randolph, where he had an extensive prac tice in this county for many years. In 1863 he removed to New York, where he is now engaged in the practice of law. Samuel Warner. — Attorney and counsellor, Court of Common Pleas, September term, 1841. He was born in Providence, R. I., and was fitted for college at Day's Academy, in Wrentham. He was gradu ated at Brown University in 1838. He began prac tice in Wrentham, where he has continued to reside and practise law ever since. He was Representative to the General Court from Wrentham in 1843, 1848, and 1882. He was Senator from the county in 1851, and a member of the Constitutional Convention in 1853. He was land agent of the commonwealth from 1851 to 1854, and has been a trial justice since 1858. Ellis Worthington. — Attorney and counsellor, September term, Court of Common Pleas, 1842. He was born in Dedham, Feb. 11, 1816, and was the son of Erastus Worthington. He was fitted for college at Day's Academy, in Wrentham, and entered Brown University, but did not complete his college course. He studied law in the Dane Law-School at Cambridge, and in the office of Ezra Wilkinson at Dedham. He had an office in Dedham for a short time after his admission to the bar. He afterwards removed to Fort Wayne, Ind., and thence to Mil waukee, Wis., where he continued to practise law. He was afterwards the general agent of the iEtna Insurance Company of Hartford at Springfield, 111., and was subsequently the vice-president of the Put nam Insurance Company of Hartford. He died in Palmyra, N. Y., Nov. 28, 1871. John King. — Attorney and counsellor, April term, Court of Common Pleas, 1843. He is the son of John King, of Randolph, and was graduated at Har vard College in 1839, and studied law with Ezra Wilkinson. He had an office in Dedham for a time, but he afterwards removed to the West, and now resides in Iowa. * Hon. William Gaston. — The subject of this sketch traces his ancestry to a family of France who were zealous adherents of the Huguenot cause. The direct ancestor of his branch of the family, driven from his native land, sought refuge in Scotland, from which place, between the years 1662 and 1668, his sons, being in great peril because of their firm ad herence to the Protestant faith, fled to the north of Ireland for safety. The forefather of Governor Gaston, with a younger brother, arrived in this country about 1730. He located in Connecticut, where his family remained for more than a century. Not only has Governor Gaston honored the family name and connected his name inseparably with the history of the old com monwealth, but North Carolina as well claims among her distinguished citizens one of the same name and family, William Gaston, an eminent jurist and states man, judge of the Supreme Court of the State. Governor William Gaston, son of Alexander and Keziah Arnold Gaston, was born in Killingley, Conn., Oct. 3, 1820. His father was a well-known mer chant of Connecticut, and a man of sterling integrity and strong force of character. The family removed from Killingley to Boston in 1838. Mr. Gaston was prepared for college at Brooklyn and Plainfield Acad emies, and at the early age of fifteen entered Brown University, where he maintained a high rank in his class and was graduated with honor in 1840. Hav ing decided upon the legal profession as a life-study, he entered the office of Judge Hilliard, of Roxbury, where he remained for a time, and continued his legal studies with C. P. and B. R. Curtis, of Boston, with whom he remained until his admission to the bar in 22 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. 1844. In 1846 he opened a law-office in Roxbury, and very soon took a leading position at the bar. He continued his practice here with marked success until 1865, when, in company with Hawley Jewell and Walbridge A. Field, he formed a copartnership in Boston, under the firm-name of Jewell, Gaston & Field, which continued until Mr. Gaston's elevation to the gubernatorial chair of Massachusetts in 1874. Governor Gaston is a Democrat in politics, and, although not an active politician, he has had many positions of trust and responsibility virtually thrust upon him, and his career in many respects has been as remarkable as it was brilliant. In 1853 and 1854 he was elected to the House of Representatives as a Whig, and in 1856 was re-elected by a fusion of Whigs and Democrats against the Know-Nothing candidate. He was elected to the Senate in 1868, although his district was strongly Republican. He was also for a long time city solicitor of Roxbury, and mayor of Roxbury, 1861-62. In 1870 he was his party's candidate for Congress, but was defeated. In 1870, after the annexation of Roxbury to Boston, he was elected mayor of the city, and re-elected in 1871. In this year a spirited contest ensued for the mayoralty, Mr. Gaston being the Democratic candidate and Hon. Henry L. Pierce the nominee of the Re publicans. At first it was announced that Mr. Gas ton was elected, but upon a recount of votes Mr. Pierce was declared mayor by a plurality of seventy- nine votes. Mr. Gaston's popularity and strength was significantly shown in this contest, for only one month previously Gen. Grant had carried the city by five thousand five hundred majority. In the fall of 1874 Mr. Gaston recceived the nom ination for Governor, and entered the canvass in op position to Hon. Thomas Talbot, at that time acting Governor of the commonwealth, and one of the strongest men in the Republican party. The result astonished and electrified the country. Mr. Gaston was elected by seven thousand plurality. He entered upon his high office with a determination to discharge its duties solely for the benefit of the commonwealth as a whole, and nobly was this duty performed. He brought to the gubernatorial chair not only a superior legal mind, but that executive ability which a success ful administration of the office demands. Not a bitter partisan, he was guided by a conservative policy which was commended alike by both parties. He declined the nomination for Governor in 1876, al though a large majority of the convention was in his favor, and he also declined in the same year the con gressional nomination from the Fourth District. In 1875 he received the degree of LL.D. from Harvard, and also from his Alma Mater, Brown Uni versity. In 1852 he united in marriage with Louisa! A., daughter of Laban S. Beecher, of Roxbury,' Scholarly, with social attainments of a high charac-| ter, and a legal mind that has placed him among the leaders of the Suffolk bar, he is justly esteemed as one of Boston's most honored citizens. Samuel Bradley Noyes, eldest son of Samuel1 and Elizabeth (Morrill) Noyes, was born in Dedham, 1 April 9, 1817. On his father's side he is of the Noyes family of Choulderton, Wiltshire, England, and his ancestor, Nicholas Noyes, with his brother, James, a clergyman, came to New England in 1634, to New bury in 1635, five years after Winthrop's settlement of Boston. On his mother's side his grandfather, Eliakim Morrill, was a highly respectable citizen of Dedham, and his great-grandfather, the Rev. Isaac Morrill (H. U. 1737), was a solemn Puritan divine, who died (1793) in office as pastor at Wilmington. It will thus be perceived that Mr. Noyes is of a very old New England stock, and of that Puritan clerical • strain which Dr. Holmes so felicitously calls " the Brahmin caste" in society. Mr. Noyes himself has always been interested in church and parochial affairs, and has enjoyed a wide acquaintance with the clergy 1 of his faith. He attended the public schools, and for ] one year a private school in Dedham under the tuition of Hon. Francis W. Bird (B. U. 1832). He entered Phillips Academy, Andover, in 1836, and remained.; there till the summer of 1840, when he left to join his class at Cambridge (H. U. 1844). Of his student life at Phillips Academy Mr. Noyes has always re tained a most tender regard ; and in 1875 the Phil- omathean Society in the academy, in which Mr. Noyes played a prominent part during his student days at Andover, held its semi-centennial anniversary and he was chosen the orator of the day, his address being subsequently printed, together with the other literary exercises of the day, in an illustrated pamphlet of permanent interest and value. On leaving college he studied law with the Hon. Isaac Davis, of Worcester (B. U. 1822), afterwards with Hon. Ezra Wilkinson, of Dedham (B. U. 1824), and Hon. Ellis Ames, of Canton (B. U. 1830). He was admitted to the \ Norfolk County bar, April, 1847, and began practice 1 in his adopted town of Canton, where he has resided . ever since, with the exception of two years which he spent in Florida. He married, in January, 1850, Miss Georgiana, daughter of James and Abigail (Gookin) Beaumont. Her father came to New England from Derby, England, in 1800, and built the first mill erected for the manufacture of cotton by machinery in Massachusetts in 1802. Her mother ¦ -2%. 3hl>AHR>M1'ali THE BENCH AND BAR. was the daughter of Edmund Gookin, a lineal de scendant from Daniel Gookin, who in 1650 was magistrate of all the Indians in Massachusetts, and who accompanied the Apostle John Eliot in his visits to the various tribes, and whose history of the Indians is published in the collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society. They have four children and two grandchildren. His public offices have been justice of the peace (1849), trial justice (1850), commissioner of insol vency (1853), special county commissioner for Nor folk County (1856), trial justice again (1857). From 1849 to 1871 he was a member of the school com mittee of Canton, superintendent of public schools, 1857-58, 1861-64, 1867-71, and he has always been an interested worker in the cause of popular education even beyond the borders of his own town. In 1864 he was appointed by Hon. William Pitt Fessenden, Secretary of the United States Treasury Department, a special agent of the department, and acting collector of customs at Fernandina, Florida. In this post, on the frontiers of a rebellion not then sub dued, he had a rare chance to study the undercurrents of the great war among the Southern people, and his private journal would no doubt show quaint and sug gestive incidents of the popular temper and conduct in Florida and Southern Georgia at that exciting time. After two years' service here he returned North, leav ing behind him many warm friends, whose memory he cherishes as among the most valued treasures of his busy life. On his return to Massachusetts, in May, 1867, he was appointed by Hon. Salmon P. Chase, chief justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, a register in bankruptcy for the Second Congressional District in Massachusetts, an office which he still holds, although the acts of Congress of 1878 so far modified its duties that Mr. Noyes has had leisure to return to some extent to the practice of his favorite profession of the law. As a lawyer Mr. Noyes has naturally been interested in politics, — State and national, — giving much time and attention to questions of public policy and administration, and since its organization has been a consistent and useful member of the Republican party. In politics results are generally reached through carefully-arranged and judiciously-executed details, projected and planned away from public observation and in a wise adjustment of means to ends, in the absence of which political movements are like the moves in a game of chance. As an adviser as to what to do and how to do it, and a worker in the execution of well-laid plans, he has lent a ready and serviceable hand to party movements and party successes. Mr. Noyes has always maintained an extensive acquaintance with political leaders, hence his influ ence has been much sought and not withheld when it could be used in the furtherance of justice or the promotion of the right, etc., in helping to shape party action and legislation, so to secure these desir able ends. In private life Mr. Noyes is known to be a man of taste and culture, a reliable friend, and never more so than when friendship is needed, a genial com panion and an accomplished entertainer in private hospitalities. The classics of his school and college life have been to him life-long companions and friends. He has from his youth devoted himself to music with an absorbing enthusiasm. While in college he was leader of the college choir and of the Harvard Glee Club. It is quite safe to assume, that had he given him self to the study and practice of the fine art of music as the leading object of his life, the natural qualities of his voice, so finely attuned, combined with a power of passionate musical expression, born of genius, would have given him distinguished rank among the great tenors of the age. As an ama teur he has been always heard with favor at the musical festivals, parish churches, and society meet ings in the county, and whenever he consents to take the " baton" and assume the conductor's r61e, as he does sometimes in the old " Stoughton Musical So ciety," he discovers the ability to impress large bodies of performers with his own enthusiasm, and to lead them to fine musical results. He has also been a very industrious writer for the public press, and his historical and local essays have often a picturesqueness and vivacity which are charm ing. He is fond of ancient lore, and of gath ering and reading out-of-the-way literature of the personal and archaic kind, from which he gathers rare sayings and incidents to adorn his contributions to the press. His special taste is towards the old English writers of the age of Addison and of John son, while his knowledge of Shakespeare, and of the famous actors who have represented him for the last forty years on the American stage, is extensive. He is a member of the New England Historic and Genealogical Society, of the New England Agricul tural Society, of the Massachusetts Press Associa tion, of the Bunker Hill Monument Association, and of the Stoughton Musical Society, of which latter he is a member of the committee of arrangements for the centennial celebration of its anniversary in 1886. Socially, Mr. Noyes is a hale and hearty friend, with nothing negative in his make-up, but abounding 24 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. in positive points of a warm and strong personality. Of Puritan stock, he has not a shade of Puritan austerity, but rather the reverse, and his good fellow ship is a Boston proverb. He is Saxon rather than Norman in temperament, and his friends find in him a certain mellowness, as of an older civilization than our own, which makes him well met with the agree able and those who make merry. In the affairs of a busy and exacting profession he has retained and developed his taste for literature and history, and while a New Englander by birth and education, his temperament has always led him to that wider society of mankind, where "One touch of nature makes the whole world kin." Nehemiah C. Berry. — Attorney and counsellor, Court of Common Pleas, Dec. 24, 1846. He had an office for some years at Randolph, and practised in this county, but he many years since removed to Roxbury, and took an office in Boston, where he continues to practise in his profession. Elijah Fox HAll. — Attorney and counsellor, Court of Common Pleas, September term, 1847. He began practice as a partner with Jonathan P. Bishop, of Medfield. He afterwards was a partner with Fisher A. Kingsbury at Weymouth, where he continued to practise until his death in 1867. He acted as a magistrate in Weymouth. James Humphrey was born in Weymouth, Jan. 20, 1819. He was educated at the Phillips Acad emy in Andover, where he was graduated with the first honors of his class in 1839. He was a teacher until 1852, when he entered the office of D. W. Gooch, in Boston, and was admitted to the Suffolk bar in 1855. He held the office of selectman in Weymouth for twenty years, and during a large part of the time was chairman of the board. He was Rep resentative to the General Court in 1852 and 1869, and was a Senator from the Norfolk and Plymouth District in 1872. He was elected a county commis sioner in 1874, and held the office until November, 1882, being chairman of that board during a great portion of his term of service. In November, 1882, he was appointed justice of the District Court of East Norfolk, which office he now holds. He resides at Weymouth. Edward Avery was born in Marblehead, March 12, 1828. He was educated in the schools of his native town, and afterwards in the classical school of Mr. Brooks, in Boston. He studied law in the office of F. W. Choate in Boston, and at the Dane Law- School in Cambridge. He was admitted to the bar in April, 1849, and began practice in Barre, in the county of Worcester, where he remained until the, winter of 1850-51. He then removed to Boston, and has since had an office there. On the 1st of October, 1858, he became associated in business with George M. Hobbs, a copartnership which still con tinues. Mr. Avery has for many years been a lead ing practitioner in all the courts of Suffolk and other counties, and the firm has up to the present time al- ways had an extensive practice. Mr. Avery has given especial attention to cases arising under the insolvent laws of Massachusetts and under the United ' States Bankrupt Law, and in this branch of the law he has been eminently successful, although he has always attended to general practice. Mr. Avery, since he has had an office in Boston, has always been a resi dent in Norfolk County. For some time he resided at Quincy, but for many years past he has lived at Braintree. He has been employed as counsel in the trial of many important causes in this county, and has thus been identified with the Norfolk bar. In 1866 he was a Representative to the General Court from Braintree, and in 1867 was re-elected to the House, and also to the Senate from the Norfolk and Plymouth District. Edward Lillie Pierce. — Admitted at the Feb ruary term of the Supreme Judicial Court, 1853, He was bom March 29, 1829, and is a son of Col. Jesse Pierce, of Stoughton. He was graduated at Brown University in 1850. During his college course he distinguished himself in several prize essays and in articles which appeared in the Democratic Review. He entered the Law-School at Cambridge, and re ceived the degree of Bachelor of Laws in 1852. He was the author of the successful prize essay offered to his class upon the " Consideration of a Contract, ' which was printed. He afterwards wrote an essay upon "Secret Suffrage," which attracted attention in England, and was there reprinted. He was after- wards'in the law-office of Salmon P. Chase, at Cincin nati. In 1857 he published the first edition of his work on '' American Railroad Law." He took an active part in politics in 1857 as a member of the Republican party, advocating the most liberal treat ment of foreigners against the proscriptive policy which then was popular in Massachusetts. He continued to practise in his profession, having an office in Boston, as a partner of Asaph Churchill. At the breaking out of the war, in 1861, he enlisted as a private in the Third Massachusetts Regiment. He afterwards, in 1862, by appointment of Secretary Chase, had the charge of the freedmen and plantations of the Sea Islands, and his official reports of this trust were widely read. He was on duty at Morris Island -&>? "iyASBdcUe-. ^Cd^d^ THE BENCH AND BAR. 25 in August, 1863, when he was appointed collector of internal revenue for the Third District of Massachu setts, which office he held for three years. He was appointed by Governor Bullock, in 1866, to the office of district attorney of the Southeastern District, to which office he was elected by the people in 1866, and again in 1868. In October, 1869, he was appointed secretary of the Board of State Chari ties, and held that office until 1874, when he re signed it. In 1875 and 1876 he was Representative from Milton in the General Court, and in the latter session was chairman of the Committee on the Judiciary. He is the author of the " Act to Limit Municipal Indebtedness." He was appointed by President Hayes in December, 1878, assistant treasurer of the United States at Boston, but he declined the appointment. Mr. Pierce has been one of the lecturers at the Boston Law-School since its foundation. In 1881 he published a new edition of his work on " American Railroad Law," much enlarged and enriched by co pious notes and citations. In 1874 he prepared an elaborate " Index of the Special Railroad Laws of Massachusetts." Mr. Pierce was one of the literary executors of Charles Sumner, and was the author of the memoir of Mr. Sumner, published in 1877, an elaborate and excellent biography. He has also been the author of many articles contributed to the reviews and news papers, of official reports, and public addresses upon a variety of social and political topics, all of which are marked by such ability, breadth, and exhaustiveness of treatment of their respective subjects as to entitle them to hold a permanent place in the current dis cussions of vital questions. Mr. Pierce has made several journeys to Europe, one in 1873, to inspect European prisons, reformatories, and asylums, the result of which was given in his report for 1873 as secretary of the Board of State Charities. Mr. Pierce received the degree of Doctor of Laws from Brown University in 1882. He resides at Milton, and has an office in Boston. Asa French was born on the 21st of October, 1829, in Braintree, where his ancestors have lived since the town's earliest settlement. He received his early education in the public schools, was prepared for college at the Leicester Academy, Worcester County, Mass., and was graduated at Yale College, in the class of 1851. Upon leaving college, he began the study of law at the Albany Law-School, and afterwards entered the Harvard Law-School, where he received the degree of LL.B. in 1853. He sub sequently pursued the study of his profession in the office of David A. Simmons and Harvey Jewell, in Boston. Mr. French was first admitted to practice in the Supreme Court of New York, at Albany, in 1853, and afterwards at Boston. He has always had an office in Boston ; but has made Braintree his home, and has been identified with the Norfolk County bar. He represented Braintree in the lower branch of the State Legislature in 1866. In 1870 he was ap pointed by Governor Clafiin district attorney for the Southeastern District, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Hon. Edward L. Pierce, and held this office by successive re-elections until October, 1882, when he resigned. In 1882 he was tendered the appointment of justice of the Superior Court of Massachusetts, but declined it. He has been one of the commissioners on inland fisheries for the State of Massachusetts since 1873. He is president of the board of trustees of the Thayer Academy and of the Thayer Public Library, both in Braintree, and both founded and endowed by the late Gen. Sylvanus Thayer. In 1883 he was placed by President Arthur upon the annual Board of Visitors to the West Point Mili tary Academy. Mr. French was appointed judge of the Court of Commissioners of Alabama Claims in Washington, under the act re-establishing that court, approved June 5, 1882. Erastus Worthington. — Attorney and coun sellor, February term, Supreme Judicial Court, 1854. He is the son of Erastus Worthington, of Dedham, where he was born Nov. 25, 1828. He was gradu ated at Brown University in 1850. After residing nearly a year in Wisconsin, he entered the Dane Law- School, at Cambridge, where he received the degree of LL.B. in 1853. He completed his professional studies in the office of Ezra Wilkinson, at Dedham. He began practice in Boston, and was for some time a partner with David A. Simmons, of Roxbury. In 1856 he was elected register of insolvency, which office he held until July, 1858, when he resumed practice in Dedham. He was trial justice from 1857 to 1867. In 1866 he was elected clerk of the courts for Norfolk County, and entered upon the duties of that office in January, 1867, and has since been elected for three terms of five years each. He continues to hold the office, and resides in Dedham. Charles Endicott. — Attorney and counsellor, April term, Court of Common Pleas, 1857. He was born in Canton, Oct. 28, 1822. He was .for several years town clerk, selectman, and held many town 26 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. offices. He was a deputy sheriff of the county from 1846 to 1853, and commissioner of insolvency from 1855 to 1857. Upon his admission to the bar he began practice in Canton, where he continues to re side. He was a Representative to the General Court in 1851, 1857, and 1858, and a Senator from Norfolk County in 1866 and 1867, and a member of the Ex ecutive Council in 1868 and 1869. He was county commissioner from 1859 to 1865. He was State Auditor from 1870 to 1875, and Treasurer and Receiver-General for the Commonwealth from 1876 to 1881, when he became ineligible for re-election by reason of the constitutional limitation in the term of that office. He now holds the office of tax com missioner. He resides in Canton. Joseph McKean Churchill is the son of Asaph Churchill, and was born in Milton, April 29, 1821. He was graduated at Harvard College in 1840, and pursued his professional studies in the Dane Law-School, Cambridge, where he received the degree of LL.B. in 1845. He began and continued the practice of law in Boston for many years. He was Representative to the General Court from Milton in 1858, and a member of the Executive Council in 1859 and 1860. He was also a member of the Con stitutional Convention of 1853, and for twelve years was an overseer of Harvard College. He was a cap tain in the Forty-fifth Regiment Massachusetts In fantry in the war of the Rebellion. He was a county commissioner from Jan. 1, 1868, until April, 1871, and chairman of the board during two of those years. He was then appointed a justice of the Mu nicipal Court of Boston, which office he continues to hold. He resides in Milton. James E. Tirrell was born in Weymouth, March 28, 1833. He was educated in the schools of Wey mouth, and studied law with Fisher A. Kingsbury and Elijah F. Hall, in Weymouth. He was admitted to the bar in Suffolk, July 16, 1856. He now resides and has an office at Quincy. John L. Eldridge was born in Provincetown, Mass., Dec. 25, 1842. He was fitted for college at the Boston Latin School, and was graduated at Har vard College. He pursued his legal studies at the Dane Law-School, and received the degree of LL.B. in 1866. He also studied in the office of Joseph Nickerson, in Boston. He was admitted to the bar in Suffolk in November, 1867. He resides at Quincy, but has an office in Boston. Everett C. Bumpus was born in Plympton, Nov. 28, 1844. His parents subsequently removed to Braintree, and he left the Braintree High School in April, 1861, to go into the military service of the United States during the civil war. He served with some intervals until the war ended, both as private and officer. He pursued his studies while in the army, and at the close of the war he entered the office of Edward Avery, and was admitted to the bar in Suffolk, May 10, 1867. He was a trial justice at Weymouth from 1868 to 1 872, when he was appointed Justice of the District Court of East Norfolk, which office he resigned Oct. 1, 1882. He was then nomi nated and elected the district attorney for the South eastern District, to succeed Asa French. He was re-elected in 1883 for the term of three years, and now holds that office. His residence is in Quincy, but he has an office in Boston. Frederick D. Ely. — Attorney and counsellor, Superior Court, Oct. 8, 1862. He was born in Wrentham, Sept. 24, 1838, was fitted for college at Day's Academy, in Wrentham, and was graduated at Brown University in 1859. He studied law in the office of Waldo Colburn, in Dedham. He has been a trial justice from 1867 to the present time. He was Representative to the General Court from Ded ham in 1873, and Senator in 1878 and 1879. He resides in Dedham, but has an office in Boston. John D. Cobb. — Attorney and counsellor, Superior Court, April 23, 1867. He was born in Dedham, April 28, 1840, and was graduated at Harvard Col lege in 1861. He studied law in the Dane Law- School, and received the degree of LL.B. in 1866. He also was in the office of Waldo Colburn, at Ded ham. He entered the military service of the United States Aug. 16, 1862, and served until the end of the war as sergeant, and was promoted to be lieutenant and acting adjutant of the Thirty-fifth Massachusetts Infantry. He was Representative to the General Court from Dedham in 1876 and 1877. He was appointed assistant register of probate Jan. 1, 1879, which office he has since held. He resides in Dedham. Edmund Davis. — Attorney and counsellor, Supe rior Court, Oct. 1, 1867. He was born in Canton, Dec. 12, 1839, and was graduated at Dartmouth College in 1861. He entered the military service of the United States Aug. 16, 1862, and was severely wounded at the battle of Antietam, by reason of which he was discharged from service Sept. 16, 1862. He studied law in the office of Waldo Colburn, at Ded ham. He began practice in Franklin, and was a trial justice for some time. He then removed to Hyde Park, where he now resides and has an office. Thomas E. Grover was born in Mansfield, Feb. 9, 1844. He studied law principally in the office of Ellis Ames, in Canton, and was admitted to the bar Sept. 7, 1867. Mr. Grover has held the office of trial THE BENCH AND BAR. 27 justice for many years. He resides in Canton, and has offices both in Canton and Boston. James E. Cotter was born in Ireland in 1848. He came to this country in 1856, and resided in Marlborough until his admission to the bar. He was educated in the public schools, and at the State Normal School at Bridgewater. He studied law with William B. Gale, of Marlborough, and was admitted to the bar in Middlesex, Jan. 2, 1874. He removed to Hyde Park, where he now resides. He has an office in Hyde Park and in Boston. George Winslow Wiggin. — Attorney and coun sellor, Superior Court, Oct. 17, 1871. He was born in Sandwich, N. H., March 10, 1841. He was edu cated in the course for four years at Phillips' Acad emy, Exeter, N. H. He was afterwards a teacher in the Friends' Boarding-School at Providence, R. I., and principal of the Wrentham High School for four years. He studied law in the office of Samuel War ner, of Wrentham. He began practice in Franklin in 1872, where he has since resided and practised law. He has been a trial justice since 1872, and was elected a county commissioner in 1878, and was re-elected in 1881. He has been chairman of the board during the past year. He has also an office in Boston. James Hewins was born in Medfield, April 27, 1846. He was educated in the Medfield and Wal pole High Schools, and entered Amherst College. He studied law with Robert R. Bishop and at the Dane Law-School, in Cambridge. He was admitted to the bar in Suffolk, Feb. 26, 1868. He has been a trial justice, and is Representative to the General Court in 1884. He resides in Medfield, but has an office in Boston. Oscar A. Marden was born in Palermo, Me., Aug. 20, 1853. He was educated at the Westbrook Seminary, in Deering, Me. He studied law in the Boston University Law-School, where he was grad uated in 1876. He also studied in the office of S. K. Hamilton, in Boston. He was admitted to the bar in Suffolk, Oct. 8, 1876. He has been a trial justice for several years, and resides in Stoughton, but has an office in Boston. The following gentlemen were admitted to the bar in Norfolk County, and are now practicing attorneys in the county : Asa Wellington, Quincy, admitted April, 1852. Charles J. Randall, Wrentham, admitted Jan. 3, 1859. Henry B. Terry, Hyde Park, admitted April 4,1871. Don Gleason Hill, Dedham, admitted Oct. 18, 1871. Charles Amory Williams, Brookline, admitted Oct. 1, 1873. Zenas S. Arnold, Boston, admitted Jan. 20, 1874. Charles A. Mackintosh, Dedham, admitted Oct. 4, 1875. Frank Rockwood Hall, Brookline, admitted Jan. 8, 1878. William G. A. Pattee, Quincy, admitted May 14, 1879. John Everett, Canton, admitted May 14, 1879. Nathan Hyde Pratt, Weymouth, admitted Jan. 1, 1880. James J. Malone, Quincy, admitted May 18, 1881. Charles Francis Jenney, Hyde Park, admitted Oct. 4, 1882. Albert Everett Avery, Braintree, admitted Jan. 23, 1883. The following gentlemen were admitted to the bar elsewhere, but are now practicing attorneys in the county : Charles H. Drew, Brookline. Office in Boston. Moses Williams, Brookline. Office in Boston. Bradford Kingman, Brookline. Office in Boston. Thomas L. Wakefield, Dedham. Office in Boston. Alonzo B. Wentworth, Dedham. Office in Boston. John R. Bullard, Dedham. Office in Boston. Horace E. Ware, Milton. Office in Boston. Henry F. Buswell, Canton. Office in Boston. Jonathan Wales, Randolph. Office in Boston. John V. Beal, Randolph. Office in Boston. Charles H. Deans, West Medway. Emery Grover, Needham. Office in Boston. E. Granville Pratt, Quincy. Office in Boston. George Fred. Williams, Dedham. Office in Boston. Orin T. Gray, Hyde Park. Office in Boston. W. H. H. Andrews, Hyde Park. Office in Boston. Artemas W. Gates, Dedham. Office in Boston. Robert W. Carpenter, Foxborough. Fred. H. Williams, Foxborough. Edward Bicknell, Weymouth. Office in Boston. Fred. J. Stimson, Dedham. Office in Boston. Charles E. Perkins, Brookline. Office in Boston. John C. Lane, Norwood. Office in Boston. Sheriffs.1 — Hon. Ebenezer Thayer, of Braintree, the first sheriff of Norfolk County, was the son of Hon. Ebenezer Thayer, also of Braintree, and was born Aug. 21, 1746. His father was for many years a prominent citizen of the town, having served in the office of Representative eighteen years, and was chosen Representative to the General Court seventeen years 1 The following sketches of the sheriffs and county treasurers of the county are mainly taken from the "Norfolk County Manual," by Henry 0. Hildreth, Esq., by the permission of the author. 28 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. successively, and in 1776 was a member of the Ex ecutive Council. His mother was Susanna, daughter of Rev. Samuel Niles, of Braintree. Mr. Thayer served the town many years as selectman, town clerk, I and treasurer ; was Representative to the General Court in 1796, 1S00, and 1S01, a member of the Senate in 1795, '96, '97, '98, '99, and a member of the Executive Council in 1793 and 1794. He was also a brigadier-general in the militia. On the or ganization of the county, in 1793, he was appointed Sheriff, but owing to ill health, resigned early in the following year. He died May 30, 1809, aged sixty- three years. Atherton Thayer, half-brother to the preceding, was born in Braintree, Feb. 9, 1766. His mother was Rebecca Miller, of Milton, who was the second wife of Hon. Ebenezer Thayer, Sr. On the resigna tion of the office of sheriff by his brother, in 1794, he was appointed to fill the vacancy, and continued in the office until his death, July 4, 1798, aged thirty- two years. Benjamin Clarke Cutler, of Roxbury, was born in Boston, Sept. 15, 1756, and was for many years a merchant, removing afterwards to Jamaica Plain. He was appointed sheriff July 31, 1798, and held the office until his death. He died very suddenly at his residence on Centre Street, Jamaica Plain, April, 1810, aged fifty-four years. Elijah Crane was born in Milton, Aug. 29, 1754, and was the son of Thomas Crane, for many years a prominent citizen of that part of Stoughton, now Canton. He early removed to Canton, where his regular business was that of a farmer, in which he met with marked success, although much of his time was devoted to public life. He was a man of large and erect stature, well-developed form, and graceful carriage, and was noted for his splendid horseman ship. He early took a deep interest in military mat ters, rising by successive appointments to the rank of brigadier-general of the Second Brigade, First Di vision, Massachusetts Volunteer Militia, to which he was promoted Aug. 1, 1803, and promoted and com missioned major-general of the First Division June 16, 1809, which position he continued to hold until his discharge, June 8, 1S27, a period of service in the highest military office of the State without a parallel in Massachusetts. He also attained high rank as a Mason, being successively Junior Grand Warden of the Grand Lodge of Massachusetts in 1820 and 1821, Senior Grand Warden in 1822, and Grand Master in 1832. On the death of Sheriff Cutler, in 1S10, he was appointed sheriff, and con tinued in office until 1811, when he was removed for political reasons by Governor Gerry. The following year he was reappointed, and continued in office by successive reappointments until his death, the longest term of service as sheriff ever held in the county. He died Feb. 21, 1834, aged eighty years. William Brewer, of Roxbury, was for many years a prominent citizen of the town, having been chair man of the Board of Selectmen for several years, and was Representative to the General Court from 1801 to 1811, inclusive, and again from 1814 to 1817, in clusive. In 1811 he was appointed sheriff of Nor folk County by Governor Gerry, which position he held for one year. He died Aug. 2, 1S17, aged fifty-nine years. John Baker (2d) was born in Dorchester, Feb. 27, 1780. He learned the trade of a wheelwright in Roxbury, and soon removed to Dedham, where for some time he carried on the same business. He was a coroner, and for several years a deputy sheriff of the county. On the death of Gen. Crane, in 1834, Mr. Baker was appointed sheriff, and held the office until his death, which occurred Jan. 1, 1843, at the age of sixty-three years. Jerauld Newland Ezra Mann was born in Med field, June 26, 1796. He learned the trade of a carriage-painter, serving his time with the Messrs. Bird, of Walpole. In 1823 he went to Easton, where he remained but a short time, removing the year following to Taunton, where he remained five years, at the end of which time he went to Wrent ham, and thence to Dedham, where he took the place of his brother-in-law, Maj. T. P. Whitney, as deputy sheriff and jailer. On the death of Sheriff Baker, Mr. Mann was, Feb. 8, 1843, ap pointed sheriff for the term of five years, at the ex piration of which he declined a reappointment, but continued to act as deputy sheriff and jailer until July, 1855, when failing health compelled his resig nation. He soon after removed to Vernon, Conn., the residence of his youngest daughter, where he died April 15, 1857, aged sixty years and ten months. Thomas Adams was born in Quincy, April 20, 1804. In early life he was engaged in business with his father as a butcher, and afterwards was proprietor of different stage-lines, and an extensive dealer in horses. He then went to Roxbury, where he con tinued to reside until his death. He was deputy sheriff under Sheriff Mann, and in 1S4S suoceeded that officer as sheriff of the county. He was re moved from office for political reasons in 1852, but was reappointed the following year, and continued in office until Jan. 1, 1S57. After Roxbury became a city he was for two or three years city marshal. He NORFOLK DISTRICT MEDICAL SOCIETY. 29 died suddenly of apoplexy Jan. 2, 1869, aged sixty- five years. John W. Thomas was born in Weymouth, April 1, 1815. Learned the trade of a shoemaker, and afterwards went into business as a manufacturer ; was a Representative to the General Court in 1S52, a delegate to the Constitutional Convention in 1S53, and a lieutenant-colonel in the militia. May 13, 1852, he was commissioned sheriff of Norfolk County by Governor Boutwell, but was removed the following year for political reasons. In 1856 he was elected sheriff by the Republican and American parties, and assumed the position Jan. 1, 1S57. He soon after removed to Dedham, where he continues to reside. He was the first sheriff elected by the people in the county, and at each successive election was chosen by a large majority of the popular vote. He held the office until January, 1S7S, when he declined a re election. Rufus C. Wood was born in Palmer, May 30, 1S18. His parents removed to Dudley, where he learned the trade of a machinist, and lived until he was twenty years of age. He previously had at tended the public schools and the Nichols Academy in Dudley. He removed to Canton in November, 1836, and worked at bis trade for eleven years in the Kinsley Iron and Machine Company's works. He was appointed a deputy sheriff by Sheriff Adams in 1853, and he held that office until his election as sheriff, in 1S77. During Presideut Lincoln's administration he was appointed postmaster at Canton, which office he held for sixteen years, and resigned at the time of his election as sheriff. In 1877 he was elected sheriff of the county, has been twice re-elected, the last time, in 1883, by the nomination and vote of both political parties. Since his election as sheriff he has resided in Dedham, and is master of the House of Correction in connection with his office. County Treasurers. — Isaac Bullard, the first treasurer of the county, was born in Dedham, July 10, 1744, and was a lineal descendant from W illiam Bullard, one of the first settlers of the town. He was for many years in public life, having been town clerk for three years, selectman five years, and Rep resentative to the General Court from 1794 to 18ul, and again in 1S06 and 1807. He was chosen deacon of the First Church, May 28. 1780, which office he continued to hold until his death. On the organiza tion of the county, in 1793, he was chosen county treasurer, to which position he was annually elected until his decease, which occurred June IS, ltfOS, at the age of sixty-four years. John Bullard, son of the preceding, was born in Dedham, Jan. 9, 1773. He was also much in public life, having been twenty years a selectman and one year town clerk. On the death of his father, in 1808, he was chosen county treasurer, which position he occupied by successive elections until his death, Feb. 25, 1852, a period of forty-four years. He was seventy-nine years of age. (See history of Dedham.) George Ellis was born in Medfield, Sept. 2, 1793, and early removed to Dedham, where for several years he carried on business as a trader. He was captain of one of the Dedham militia companies, for several years a deputy sheriff of the county, and for fourteen years one of the selectmen of the town. He was secretary and treasurer of the Dedham Institution for Savings from May, 1845, to June, 1855, when, owing to ill health, he resigned. On the death of John Bullard, in 1852, he was appointed by the county commissioners county treasurer, and the two following years was elected by the people, failing of a re-election in 1855. He died June 24, 1855, aged sixty-two years and ten months. Chauncey C. Churchill. (See history of Dedham.) CHAPTER II. NORFOLK DISTRICT MEDICAL SOCIETY. BY A. E. SPROUL. Included in the Massachusetts Medical Society are several subordinate organizations, " wherein the communication of cases and experiments may be made, and the diffusion of knowledge in medicine and surgery may be encouraged and promoted." One of these is the Norfolk District Medical Society. It is subject to the regulations of the general society in all matters wherein the latter is concerned. It was organized in 1S50, and consists of Fellows of the Massachusetts Medical Society residing in those portions of Boston formerly known as Roxbury, Dor chester, and West Roxbury. and in the towns within the present boundaries of Norfolk County. The " district'' corresponds to the old county lines, which were changed by the annexation of Roxbury and Dorchester to Boston. The officers are as follows : President. Dr. J. H. Streeter. Roxbury; Vice-Presi dent, Dr. A. R. Holmes. Canton ; Secretary and Librarian, Dr. G. D. Townshend, Roxbury; Treas urer, Dr. E. G. Morse. Roxbury. Following is a 30 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. list of present members, brought down to Feb. 1884: 1835.1 — Alexander, Andrew, Dorchester. 1866.— Allen, George Otis, West Roxbury. 1866. — Amory, Robert, Brookline. 1873. — Bemis, Charles Albert, West Medway. 18S2. — Blanchard, Benjamin Seaver, Brookline. 1840. — Blanchard, Henry, Dorchester. 1871. — Blodgett, Frank Marcellus, Roxbury. 1871. — Bolles, William Palmer, Dorchester. 1868. — Bowditch, Henry Pickering, West Roxbury. 1871. — Bragdon, George Abbott, Dorchester. 1878. — Broughton, Henry White, Jamaica Plain. 1879. — Brown, Roscoe Ellsworth, East Weymouth. 1873. — Call, Norman, Roxbury. 1865. — Campbell, William Henry, Roxbury. 1878. — Channing, Walter, Brookline. 1868. — Chase, John Winslow, Dedham. 1882. — Cheever, Clarence Alonzo, Mattapan. 1874. — Clement, George Wilmot, Roxbury. 1837. — Cotting, Benjamin Eddy, Roxbury. 1849. — Cushing, Benjamin, Dorchester. 1874. — Cushman, Thaddeus Thompson, Randolph. 1878. — Daniels, Edwin Alfred, Medway. 1862. — Dearing, Thomas Haven, Braintree. 1847. — Dickerman, Lemuel, Foxborough. 1880. — Donovan, Samuel Mngner, Quincy. 1883. — Drake, William Abram, North Weymouth. 1879. — Dunbar, Eugene Fillmore, Roxbury. 1867. — Edson, Ptolemy O'Meara, Roxbury. 1868. — Edwards, Charles Lawrence, Hyde Park. 1870. — Emery, William Henry, Roxbury. 1881. — Ernst, Harold Clarence, Jamaica Plain. 1865.— Everett, Willard Shepard, Hyde Park. 1874. — Farr, Edwin Lawson, Roxbury. 1848. — Faulkner, George, Jamaica Plain. 1866. — Fay, George Wyman, East Weymouth. 1858.— Fifleld, William Cranch Bond, Dorchester. 1875. — Finn, James Anthony, Roxbury. 1847. — Flint, John Sydenham, Roxbury. 1847. — Fogg, David Sylvester, Norwood. 1880. — Fogg, Irving Sylvester, Norwood. 1856. — Forsaith, Francis Flint, Weymouth. 1848. — Francis, Tappan Eustis, Brookline. 1880. — Fraser, John Chisholm, East Weymouth. 1877. — French, Justus Crosby, Dedham. 1882. — Galligan, Eugene Thomas, Roxbury. 1882. — Gareeau, Alexander Emmanuel, Hyde Park. 1863.— Gareeau, Treffl6, Roxbury. 1875. — Gerry, Edwin Peabody, Jamaica Plain. 1854.— Gilford, Silas Swift, East Stoughton. 1869. — Gilbert, Daniel Dudley, Dorchester. 1854. — Gilbert, John Henry, Quincy. 1871. — Gordon, John Alexander, Quincy. 1869. — Goss, Francis Webster, Roxbury. 1878. — Gould, Lawrence Mervin, Hyde Park. 1882. — Granger, Frank Clark, Randolph. 1863. — Greene, James Sumner, Dorchester. 1871. — Hall, Josiah Little, Brookline. 1847. — Harlow, James Frederick, Quincy Point. 1867. — Hayes, Charles Cogswell, Hyde Park. 1869. — Hazelton, Isaac Hills, Grantville. 1 Date of admission. 1853. 1862. 1854,1880,1833, 1877,1877. 1848, 1875, 1869, 18831846,1874.1849. 1872,1875,1872, 1870,1843, 1880,1870,1871.- 1878,1870, 1882,1867.-1881,1867.-1S77.-1S56.- 1858.-1873.-1873.- 1854.-1881.- 1852.- 1863.- 1871.- 1855.-1864.- 1861.- 1847.- 1882.- 1872.- 1862.- 1877.- 1877.- 1S68.-1876.-1872.-1854.-1838.-1880.-1S74.-1880.-1882.- 1878.- 1872.-1831.-1874.-1876.-1867.- 1880.- 1882.-1875.-1874.- Hitoheock, Joseph Green Stevens, Foxborough, —Holbrook, Silas Pinekney, West Medway. Holmes, Alexander Reed, Canton. Jaques, Henry Percy, Milton. — Jarvis, Edward, Dorchester. Kenneally, John Henry, Roxbury. — Kilby, Henry Sherman, Wrentham. King, George, Franklin. Kingsbury, Albert Dexter, Needham. Mansfield, Henry Tucker, Needham. — Marl in, Francis Coffin, Roxbury. Martin, Henry Austin, Roxbury. Martin, Stephen Crosby, Roxbury. — Maynard, John Parker, Dedham. McNulty, Frederick Joseph, Roxbury. Mecuen, George Edward, Roxbury. — Moran, John Brennan, Roxbury. -Morse, Edward Gilead, Roxbury. -Morse, Horatio Gilead, Roxbury. -Mullen, Francis Henry, Dorchester. -Nichols, Arthur Howard, Roxbury. -Otis, Robert Mendum, Roslindale. -Page, Frank Wilfred, Jamaica Plain. -Perry, Joseph Franklin, Dorchester. -Pierce, Matthew Vassar, Milton. -Pratt, Gustavus Percival, Cohasset. -Prior, Charles Edwin, Holbrook. -Quincy, Henry Parker, Dedham. -Read, George Mumford, Dorchester. -Richardson, John Henry, Medfield. -Robinson, Albert Brown, Roxbury. -Rogers, Orville Forrest, Dorchester. •Sabine, George Krans, Brookline. -Seaverns, Joel, Roxbury. -Sherman, Warren Hobart, Quincy. -Shurtleff, Augustine, Brookline. -Skinner, Edward Manning, Jamaica Plain. -Smithwick, John, Sharon. Stedman, Charles Ellery, Dorchester. Stedman, Joseph, Jamaica Plain. ¦Stone, Silas Emlyn, Walpole. -Streeter, Joseph Herman, Roxbury. -Thurlow, John Howard, Roxbury. ¦Tinlsham, Granville Wilson, Weymouth. -Tower, Charles Carroll, South Weymouth. ¦Towle, Henry Charles, Dorchester. ¦Townshend, George Drew, Roxbury. Trull, Washington Benson, Brookline. Van Slyck, David Bernard, Brookline. Vogel, Frederick William, Roxbury. Waldock, James, Roxbury. Wales, Bradford Leonard, Randolph. Welch, John Frederick, Quincy. Wescott, William Henry, Dorchester. ¦West, Edward Graeff, Roxbury. White, Herbert Warren, Roxbury. Wells, Frank, Brookline. Williams, Edward Tufts, Roxbury. Wing, Benjamin Franklin, Jamaica Plain. Wing, Clifton Ellis, Jamaica Plain. Wingate, Uranus Owen Brackett, Wellesley. Winkler, Joseph Alexander, Jamaica Plain. Withington, Charles Francis, Roxbury. Wood, Henry Austin, Roxbury. Yale, Joseph Cummings, Franklin. Young, Charles Say ward, Stoughton. DEDHAM. 31 CHAPTER III. DEDHAM. BY ERASTUS WORTHINGTON.1 The Settlement — The Town Covenant — Names of the Signers — Organization of Town Government — Character of Settlers — Formation of the Church — The Rev. John Allin — Division of Lands — Burial-Ground — Training-Ground — Description of the Village in 1664. On the third day of September, 1635, at the Gen eral Court held at Newtowne, afterwards Cambridge, it was thus ordered : " There shall be a plantation settled about two miles above the falls of Charles River, on the north east side thereof, to have ground lying to it on both sides the river, both upland and meadow, to be laid out hereafter as the court shall appoint." The falls of Charles River here referred to, are the falls at Newton, and although the distance above the falls is understated in the record, yet the place desig nated can be none other than that now occupied by the village of Dedham. This order was the fiat which proclaimed the existence of the settlement of Dedham, and the record therefore properly stands at the begin ning of its written history. It marks with certainty the time when the settlement had been definitely de termined upon. Before this time, however, as the " record clearly implies, the lands described, to some extent, must have been explored, and settlers were ready to undertake the new plantation. The settle ment at Watertown, begun in 1630, had already be come alarmed at the rapid increase of its inhabitants. The tide of emigration had then set strongly to the shores of Massachusetts Bay, and a new settlement had to be provided. In the preceding spring the General Court had given leave to the inhabitants of Watertown to remove themselves to any place they 1 In writing the following history of Dedham, I have taken the materials largely from my father's "History of Dedham," published in 1827; from the Centennial address of Samuel F. Haven, in 1836 ; from the historical discourses of the Rev. Dr. Lamson, and the other historical discourses by the pastors of other churches. The care and accuracy with which these were prepared render them authentic sources of history, and they have left little for the gleaner in the history of the first two centuries. I have also availed myself of the researches of others upon certain special subjects; but with these exceptions, I have sought original sources for historical facts. I only regret that in the limited time given for the preparation of this history, there has been no opportunity for giving citations of authorities, or for that careful revision of the text which every historical work should receive. — E. W. Dedham, Feb. 1, 1884. should make choice of, provided they should continue under the government. The student of the early records of the colonial towns, and especially those of Watertown, will be surprised and interested to find how soon after the arrival of Winthrop, the insuffi ciency of land became an urgent and impelling reason for the advance of civilization into the interior. It is easy to imagine how eagerly the pioneers, in the search for an eligible location, ascended the river above the lands already granted to the Newtowne proprietors, lying above Watertown, to the broad meadows and wide plateau of the future town of Dedham. To the eye of the early settler, it must be remembered, meadows had an especial value, since they would fur nish both water and forage for his cattle before the uplands could be cleared. The removal from Watertown was gradually ef fected, and it is probable that the year 1635-36 was mainly spent in preparation for occupying the new settlement. The fact, however, that in the register of births and deaths in Dedham are recorded the births of two children in June and July of 1635, would seem sufficient to prove that the plantation was actually begun in that year. It is said that there were twelve of these pioneers who first planted their rude houses upon the plains of Dedham. Although the names of all these cannot now be ascertained, yet among those who were here as early as 1635 were doubtless Edward Alleyne, Philemon Dalton, Samuel Morse, John Dwight, Lambert Genere, Richard Evered, and Ralph Shepherd. Capt. Thomas Cake- bread was the military man of the company, but he never came as a settler. Mr. Robert Feake was a prominent man at Watertown, and although his name was first subscribed to the covenant, and he had an allotment of land, he never removed here. Possibly Abraham Shaw was one of the number, as his house and goods at Watertown were burned about this time. On the eighth day of September, 1636, upon the petition of nineteen settlers for a confirmation of the grant of the previous year, and to distinguish the town by the name of Contentment, the General Court ordered " that the plantation to be settled above the falls of Charles River shall have three years immu nity from public charges, and the name of the plan tation to be Dedham ; to enjoy all that land on the southerly and easterly side of Charles River not for merly granted to any town or particular persons, and also to have five miles square on the other side of the river." This is to be considered as the act incorporating the town, as it conferred the name by which it has 32 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. always been known. No definite reason can be as signed for the change made in the name selected by the petitioners ; but it has been suggested that John Dwight, John Rogers, and John Page were emigrants from Dedham, in Suffolk, England, which may satis factorily account for it. The territory included in this grant to the Dedham proprietors was magnificent in its extent and some what indefinite in its boundaries. On the southerly and easterly side of the river, it included the present town of Dedham, with the portions that have been annexed to West Roxbury and Hyde Park, the towns of Norwood, Dover, a portion of Natick, Med field, Walpole, Norfolk, Franklin, Wrentham, and the greater portion of Bellingham. On the northerly and westerly side of the river the grant of five miles square included Dedham Island, then a neck of land, Needham, Wellesley, the greater portion of Natick, three thousand four hundred acres in the town of Sherborn, and the town of Medway. Besides, three hundred acres had been purchased near the Roxbury line, by the proprietors, of Philemon Dalton, John Dwight, and Lambert Genere, who had bought of Samuel Dudley. The easterly boundary of the territory then was not Neponset River, owing to grants to Israel Stoughton and others which intervened, but a century after, Neponset River became the boundary-line between Stoughton and Dedham. It required many commit tees and much negotiation subsequently to define the boundaries between Dedham and Roxbury and Dor chester. This grant of the General Court in confirmation and enlargement of the grant of a plantation made in 1635 was made to the nineteen persons who were petitioners. They were the sole owners of the land until they should admit new associates. The names of these petitioners and proprietors were Edward Alleyne, Abraham Shaw, Samuel Morse, Philemon Dalton, Ezekiel Holliman, John Kingsbury, John Dwight, John Coolidge, Richard Evered, John Howard, Lambert Genere, Nicholas Phillips, Ralph Shepherd, John Gaye, Thomas Bartlett, Francis Austen, John Rogers, Joseph Shaw, William Bearestow. While it is true that the nineteen men whose names are signed to the petition should be regarded as the nominal founders of the town, yet only a few of them were long identified with the plantation or had any permanent influence upon its future growth. Edward Alleyne, who had come from Watertown the preceding year, was doubtless the principal man of the company. That he was a man of education, the records of the first two years, made by him, are ample evidence, and the covenant drawn by him shows that he was a man of excellent capacity. He afterwards obtained a grant of three hundred acres of land for a settlement at Bogastow (East Medway), but he died suddenly while attending the General Court in 1642 without having begun his new plantation. Abraham Shaw, having obtained leave to erect a corn-mill on Charles River, died in 1638, without beginning his enterprise, and Joseph Shaw, his son, removed to Weymouth. Ezekiel Holliman remained only a short time, and then removed to Salem, and became an adherent of Roger Williams. He subsequently went to Rhode Island, and, it is said, baptized Roger Wil liams at Providence. Philemon Dalton removed to Ipswich, Ralph Shepherd and Nicholas Phillips to Weymouth, William Bearestow to Scituate after a few years, and Francis Austen to Hampton. John Coolidge, Thomas Bartlett, and John Rogers prob ably never removed from Watertown. Of those who remained here as permanent settlers were Lambert Genere, John Gay, John Kingsbury, and John How ard. Richard Evered was the progenitor of the Dedham family bearing the name of Everett. John Dwight was for sixteen years a selectman, and died here in 1661. It was from him that Dwight's Brook took its name, and his house, which stood near the brook, on High Street, near the easterly abutment of the railroad bridge, was not removed until the con struction of the railroad in 1849. The settlement was now in the period of its "non age," as it was aptly termed in the petition. Its affairs were guided and directed at first by those who had not yet removed from Watertown. But in the winter of 1636-37 there were some who had begun to live permanently in their new habitations. Of the motives and character of the settlers we have' clear and indubitable assurance in the covenant which was drawn up before the act of incorporation. Its sim plicity and brevity are admirable, while the spirit which pervades it shows that their earnest desire and prominent motive were for a loving and comfortable society. "THE COVENANT. " 1. We, whose names are hereunto subscribed, do, in the feat and reverence of Almighty God, mutually and severally promise amongst ourselves and each to other to profess and practise one truth according to that most perfect rule the foundation whereof is everlasting love. " 2. That wo shall by all means labor to keep off from us all such as are contrary-minded, and receive only such unto us as DEDHAM. 33 be such as may be probably of one heart with us, as that we either know or may well and truly be informed to walk in peaceable conversation, with all meekness of spirit, for the edi fication of each other, in the knowledge and faith of the Lord Jesus, and the mutual encouragement unto all temporal com forts in all things, seeking the good of each other out of all which may be derived true peace. ' 3. That if at any time difference shall arise between par ties of our said town, that then such party and parties shall presently refer all such difference unto some two or three others of our said society, to be fully accorded and determined without any further delay, if it possibly may be. " 4. That every man that now or at any time hereafter shall have lots in our said town shall pay his share in all such rates of money and charges as shall be imposed upon him rateably in proportion with other men, as also become freely subject unto all such orders and constitutions as shall be necessarily had or made, now or at any time hereafter, from this day forward, as well for loving and comfortable society in our said town, as also for the prosperous and thriving condition of our said fel lowship, especially respecting the fear of God, in which we desire to begin and continue whatsoever we shall by his loving favor take in hand. " 5. And for the better manifestation of our true resolution herein, every man so received to subscribe hereunto his name, thereby obliging both himself and his successors after him for ever, as we have done. " Names subscribed to the covenant as followeth." There is no date to this covenant to show when it was drawn up, but it must have been before the act of incorporation, for the petitioners state that they were at present under covenant. One hundred and twenty-five names are subscribed to this covenant, but it will be found upon examination that the list contains the names of some who were mere children when they came with their parents, and also of others who came years after the beginning of the settlement. In the fifth clause of the instrument the intention is clearly expressed that it should be signed by every man received into the society, both himself and his successors after him for ever. In order that these names may be conveniently referred to, and that what is known concerning them may be given in a condensed form, the list has been prepared, with such additions as are furnished from authentic sources : Robert Feake, Watertown. Freeman May IS, 1631 ; he never removed to Dedham, although he had an allotment of land. Edward Alhyue, Watertown. Freeman March 13, 1638; representative four years, ] 639-12; died suddenly while at tending General Court, Sept. 8, 1642. Samuel Morse, Watertown. Came in the "Increase" from London in 1635; freeman Oct. S, 1640; died June 20, 1654. Philemon Ballon, Watertown. A linen-weaver; came in the "Increase" in 1635; removed to Dedham in 1637, and from thence to Hampton or Ipswich in 1640 ; freeman March 3, 1636; died June 4, 1662. John Dwight, Watertown. Removed in 1635 to Dedham: freeman March 13, 1638; died Jan. 24, 1661. Lambert Genere, Watertown. Removed to Dedham in 1636 ; freeman May, 1645; died June 30, 1674. 3 Richard Evered, Watertown. Removed to Dedham in 1636 ; freeman May 6, 1646 ; died July 3, 16S2. Ralph Shepherd, Watertown. Came in the " Abigail" in 1635, and removed to Dedham the same year, and afterwards to Weymouth, where he died. John Huggin, Watertown. He never lived in Dedham, but was afterwards at Hampton. Mr. Ralph Wheelot-k, Watertown. Educated at Clare Hall, Cambridge University, England, where he took his degree in 1626 and 1631; he came to Dedham in 1638; freeman March 13, 163S; died Jan. 11, 1684, at MedBeld. Thomas Cakebread, Watertown. He never removed to Ded ham, but had an allotment of land: freeman May 14, 1634; died at Sudbury Jan. 4, 1643. Henry Phillips. Freeman March 13,1638; member of ar tillery company, 1640; ensign of militia company, 1648; he removed to Boston ; he was a butcher by trade. jli>. Timothy Dalton. He was an elder brother of Philemon Dalton ; freeman Sept. 7, 1637 ; educated at St. John's College, Cambridge, England, where he took his degree in 1613 ; he had been in office in England, and was called to be teacher in the church at Hampton. Mr. Thomas Carter came in the " Planter" in 1635 to Water- town. Educated at St. John's College, Cambridge, where he took his degree, 1629-33; he was called to the church at Wo- burn. Abraham Shaw, Watertown. His house and goods were burned at Watertown in 1636, and he removed to Dedham; freeman March 9, 1637, and died in 1638. John Coolidge, Watertown. Freeman May 25, 1636; he never removed to Dedham, but had an allotment of land. Xicholas Phillips, Watertown. Freeman May 13, 1640; he was a brother of Henry Phillips ; removed to Weymouth late in life, and died September, 1672. JoAn Gaye, Watertown. Freeman May 6, 1635; removed to Dedham ; died March 4, 16SS. John Kingsbury, Watertown. Freeman March 3, 1636, and removed the same year to Dedham ; he was a representative in 1647 ; he died in 1659. John Rogers, Watertown, 1636. He probably never removed to Dedham, but had an allotment of land. Franca Austin. He was here but a short time, but removed to Hampton according to Savage ; the note in Haven's Centen nial address respecting him is doubtless an error, as will be seen bv the reference to Winthrop's History there cited. Ezekiel Holliman. Had an allotment of land in Dedham, but remained only a year or two; he removed to Salem, and thence to Providence, R. I. John Batchelor, Watertown. Freeman May 16,1635: he re moved to Hampton. Xathaniel Coaleborne. Freeman June 2, 1641 ; died May 14, 1691. John Roper. Freeman June 2, 1641 ; he had an allotment of land in Dedham ; he had one son in Capt. Lotbrop's com pany killed by Indians at Bloody Brook, Sept. IS. 1675, and another who was in Capt. Turner's company in King Phillip's war, and whose wife was killed by Indians. Martin Phillips. He was in Medfield in 1664. Henry Smyth. Freeman May 13, 1640; he came from New Buckenham, Norfolk, in England ; he had an allotment of land, and lived in that part of Dedham which became Medfield. John Frayrye. Freeman March 13, 1638 ; he was one of the founders of the Dedham Church, and lived in that part of Ded ham which became Medfield. Thomas Hastings, Watertown. He probably never removed to Dedham. 34 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. Francis Chickering. Freeman in 1640; came in 1637 from the north part of Suffolk, England; member of artillery com pany in 1643; ensign and representative in 1644 and 1653. Thomas A Icock. Freeman 1635; came in the fleet with Win- throp ; he lived in Dedham till 1646, and afterwards removed to Boston.William Bullard. Freeman May 13, 1640; he lived and died in Dedham in 16S7. Jonas Humphrey. He was a tanner and lived in Dorchester. Edward Kempe. Freeman March 13, 1638; he probably re moved to Wenhani, and afterwards to Chelmsford. John Hunting. Freeman March 13, 1638 ; one of the founders of the Dedham Church, and the first ruling elder; he died April 12, 1689. Timothy Dwight. Freeman June 2, 1641 ; he was a brother of John Dwight; representative for Medfield, 1652, where he died in 1677. Henry Dengayne, Watertown. He was a physician, and never came to Dedham. Henry Brock. lie came in 1642, and died in 1652. James Herring. Freeman in 1654; he came in 1642. Nathan Aldis. Freeman in 1640; joined the Dedham Church in 1640 ; one of the first deacons ; he died March 15, 1676. Edward Richards. Freeman June 16, 1641; he married a sister of John Hunting. Michael Powell. Freeman June 2, 1641 ; he came in 1639 ; representative in 1641 ; he kept an ordinary in Dedham; re moved to Boston in 1646, and was one of the original members of the Second Church there in 1650, and was called to act as teacher, but was not approved by the court. John Elderkin. He came from Lynn in 1641; he removed to Reading in 1646, and thence to New London, Conn., and died June 23, 1687. Michael Bacon. He came from Ireland in 1640; his de scendants removed from Dedham. Robert Onion. Freeman in 1646 ; came in the "Blessinf" to Roxbury at the age of twenty-six, and removed to Dedham. Samuel Mills. He came in 1642, and lived and died in Ded ham. Edward Colver. He came in 1640. Joseph Shaw. Freeman May 22, 1639 ; he was a son of Abra ham Shaw, and removed to Weymouth soon after his father's decease, in 1638. William Bearstowe. He came in the " Truelove" in 1635 • he was one of the petitioners for incorporation of the town, and afterwards removed to Scituate. John Howard. Freeman May 14, 1634; he died in 1660. Thomas Bartlett, Watertown. He never removed to Ded ham. Ferdinando Adams. Freeman May 13, 1640; he had an allotment of land, and was called a shoemaker; in August 1651, he had leave to go to England, and afterwards went to St. Catherine's and sold his allotment to John Frayrye Oct. 10 1652. Daniel Morse, Watertown. Freeman May 6, 1635 ; he was a son of Samuel Morse; he removed to Dedham, and afterwards to Medfield; he died in Sherbom in 1688. Joseph Morse, Watertown. Freeman May 6, 1635; son of Samuel Morse; removed to Dedham; he died June 20, 1654. John Ellice. Freeman 1641 ; he lived in Medfield, where he died April 2, 1697. Jonathan Fayerbanke. He came from Yorkshire, England with six children, before 1641; his name does not appear in the list of freemen ; he died Dec. 5, 1668. John Eaton, Watertown. Freeman May 25, 1636; removed to Dedham; died Nov. 17, 1638. Michael Metcalfe. Freeman May 13, 1640 ; he was born in 1586, at Tatterford, in Norfolk, England, and was a dornook weaver at Norwich ; he arrived, with his wife and nine ehil. dren and a servant, about midsummer in 1637; he was admitted as a townsman July 14, 1637 ; joined the church in 1639, and was selectman in 1641 ; his name stands first on the committee chosen to "contrive the fabrick of a meeting-house;" he died Dee. 27, 1664. John Morse. Freeman May 13, 1640; he was probablya son of Samuel Morse. Mr. John Allin. Came over in 1637; freeman March 13 1638 ; ordained as pastor or teacher of the' church April 24, 1639 and continued in that office until his death, Aug. 26, 1671. Anthony Fisher. Freeman May 3, 1645 ; born at Syleham near Eye, in Suffolk, Engiand, on the border of Norfolk; he came to Dedham in 1637; in his will he is called late of Dor chester; he died Feb. 13, 1670. Thomas Wight. He came from the Isle of Wight to Dedham in 1637 ; he was of the Medfield incorporation in 1652, and died March 17, 1674. ! Eleazer Lusher. Freeman March 13, 1638; he came to Ded ham in 1637, and was one of the founders of the church; also one of the founders of the artillery company ; representative ! in 1640 and for many years after; assistant in 1 662 and to the time of his death; captain in 1644, and major of the regiment afterwards ; he was town clerk twenty-three years and select man twenty-nine years; he died Nov. 13, 1673. Robert Hinsdale. Freeman March 13, 1638; one of tie founders of the church Nov. 8, 1638; member of the artillery company in 1645; removed to Medfield, where he aided in founding the church ; and thence to Hadley, where he resided for several years, and afterwards to Deerfield, "and there wis gathering his harvest in the corn-fields when he was killed, with his three sons, when Capt. Lothrop, with the flower of Esses, fell at Bloody Brook." (Savage's Genealogical Diet.) John Luson. Freeman March 13, 1638 ; he came to Dedham in 1637, and was one of the founders of the Dedham Church; he died in May, 1661. John Fisher. It is impossible to identify him; his place in the order of names indicates that he came with John Luson and Thomas Fisher, and may have been a brother of the latter. Thomas Fisher. Freeman March 4, 1634, and came to Ded ham in 1637; he was in Cambridge in 1634. Joseph Kingsbury. Freeman 1641. George Bearstowe. He came from London in the " Truelove" in 1635; had an allotment of land in 1636, but probably did not come until 1642; member of the artillery company; he afterwards removed to Scituate; he was a brother of William Bearstowe; the family name is properly written Barstow. John Bullard. Freeman May 13, 1640; came in 1638, and was either the eldest son or a brother of William Bullard. Thomas Leader. He came to Dedham in 1640; removed to Boston in 1647, where he died Oct. 28, 1663. Joseph Moyes. Nothing is known of him except that he re moved to Salisbury, where his wife died in 1655. Jeffrey Mingeye. Freeman May 13, 1640, and afterwards removed to Hampton. James Allin. Freeman in 1647; came to Dedham in 1639; he was a cousin of Rev. John Allin, and received a legacy in his will; he was received into the Medfield Church, Oct. 2, 1646, and died Sept. 27, 1676. JrYeW Barber. Freeman May 13, 1640; died June 18, 1644 ; he gave his small estate, by his will, to the poor. J hornas Jordan. He was probably of Dorchester, and never lived here; his daughter Hannah was probably married te Isaac Bullard. DEDHAM. 35 Joshua Fisher. Freeman May 2, 1649 ; he lived in that part of Dedham which became Medfield; representative in 1653, and six years more, and died in 1674; he was a deacon of the ohurch. Christopher Smith. He married Mary, daughter of Jona than Fayerbanke, but there is no evidence that he ever lived in Dedham. John Thurston. Freeman May 10, 1643; he came from Wrentham, in Suffolk, England, a carpenter, in the " Mary Ann," of Yarmouth, in 1637 ; his estate was partly in Medfield, setoff in 1651. Joseph Clarke. He came probably from Dorchester to Ded ham, and removed to Medfield. Thomas Eames. He was in Dedham in 1642; he afterwards lived in Cambridge, Sudbury, and Sherbom; on Feb. 1, 1676, he suffered by the Indians, who burned his buildings, killed his wife and some of his children, and carried away others captive. Peter Woodward. Freeman May 18, 1642; he was repre sentative in 1665, 1669, 1670; he died May 9, 1685. Thwaits Strickland. He came to Dedham in 1643 ; he re moved to the Narragansett Country. John Guild. Freeman May 10, 1643 ; admitted to the church July 17,1640; he died Oct. 4, 1682; he had lands in Wrentham and Medfield; he was the progenitor of the numerous family of the name in Dedham. Samuel Bulleyne. Freeman June 2, 1641 ; he was deacon of the church, and died Jan. 16, 1692. Robert Gowen. Freeman 1644. Hugh Stacey. Came in the " Fortune" to Plymouth in 1621 ; he afterwards removed to Dedham, where his wife and daughters were admitted to the church in 1640; he removed soon after to Lynn or Salem, or may have returned to Eng land. George Barber. He came in 1643; member ot the artillery company in 1646; freeman May 16, 1647; he removed to Med field; was representative in 1668-69, and the chief militia officer. James Jordan. He was the father of Thomas Jordan; he died in April or May, 1655, and in his will speaks of his age and infirmity. Nathaniel Whiting. Freeman May 18, 1642; he came to Dedham in 1641 ; he married Hannah, eldest daughter of John Dwight; he is said to have lived in that part of Dedham which became Medfield. Benjamin Smith. Freeman June 2, 1641. Richard Ellice. He married a daughter of Lambert Genere, but his name does not appear upon the list of freemen. Austen Kilham. Freeman June 2, 1641; he came from Salem; removed to Wenham, and afterwards to Chelmsford. Robert Ware. Freeman May 26, 1647; he came in 1643; member of the artillery company in 1644; he married Marga ret, daughter of John Hunting ; his daughter married Rev. Samuel Mann, of Wrentham, and his son, Robert Ware, was one of the settlers of Wrentham. Thomas Bayes. He is not on the list of freemen, and re moved to Boston. John Fayerbanke. He was probably the eldest son of Jona than Fairbanks, who died Nov. 13, 1684. Henry Glover. He died in Medfield, July 21, 1653. Thomas Herring. Came to Dedham in 1642. John Plympton. Freeman probably May 10, 1643 ; he came from Roxbury to Dedham in 1642 ; he removed to Deerfield and was sergeant; his son Jonathan was killed by the Indians, Sept. 18, 1675, at Bloody Brook, and two years after he was taken captive himself by the Indians and carried towards Canada, and, according to tradition, burned at the stake; two of his sons, Joseph and John, settled in Medfield. George Fayerbanke. He was the second son of Jonathan Fayerbanke, and removed to Medfield, and afterwards to Sher- born; he was not on the list of freemen; he died Jan. 10,1683. Timothy Dwight. He was the son of John Dwight, and came to Dedham with his father in 1635, when about five years of age; freeman in 1655; representative in 1678 and 1691, and perhaps later; town clerk ten years; selectman twenty-four years; he died Jan. 31, 1718. Andrew Dewing. Freeman in 1646; member of artillery company in 1644. Joseph Ellice. Freeman in 1663. Ralph Freeman. John Bice. Daniel Pond. Freeman in 1690; he died in February, 1698 ; his sons, Ephraim and John, settled in Wrentham. John Houghton. He probably came in the " Abigail" from London when quite young ; he removed to Lancaster about 1652. Jonathan Fayerbanke, Jr. He was the youngest son of Jon athan Fayerbanke, and came with his father when a child ; freeman in 1690. James Vales (properly Faleg). Freeman in 1673; he lived in that part of Dedham wLich became Medfield. Thomas Metcalf. Freeman in 1 653 ; youngest son of Michael Metcalf; deacon of the church; representative in 1691; died Nov. 16, 1702. Thomas Fuller. Freeman in 1672; he came in 1643; en sign; representative in 1672, 1679, and 1686; died Sept. 28, 1690. Thomas Payne. Freeman June 2, 1641; died Aug. 3, 1686. Robert Grossman. He probably was of Taunton; his son Nathaniel was killed by the Indians at Wrentham, March 8, 1676. William Avery. Freeman in 1677; a physician and apothe cary; member of the artillery company in 1654; lieutenant of town's company in 1673 ; representative for Springfield in 1669; died at Boston, March 18, 1687, aged about sixty-five years; he made a donation of sixty pounds to the town for a Latin school in 1680. John Aldis. He was a son of Nathan Aldis; deacon of the church, and died Dec. 21, 1700. John Mason. He was a son of Robert Mason, who removed from Roxbury to Dedham, where he died Oct. 15, 1667; he married a daughter of John Eaton, May 5, 1651. Isaac BiUlard. He was a son of William Bullard, and came with his father when a child ; he died in 1676. Cornelius Fisher. Freeman May 2, 1649 ; he was a son of Anthony Fisher; he lived in that part of Dedham which be came Wrentham ; representative under the new charter in 1692, and died Jan. 2, 1699. John Partridge. He was of Medfield. James Draper. Freeman in 1690; he came to Dedham in 1683, having formerly lived in Lancaster and Roxbury; he died July 13, 1697, aged seventy-three years. James Thorpe. Freeman in 1690. Samuel Fisher. He was of Wrentham, where he was deacon of the church ; representative in 1689, and died Jan. 5, 1703. Benjamin Bullard. He lived in that part of Dedham which became Medfield, and afterwards at Sherborn. Ellice Wood. He married the widow of John Smith, of Dedham, who was the schoolmistress for many years; he re moved to Dorchester, where he died Oct. 19, 1706, aged seventy- three years. Thomas Fisher. Freeman in 1678 ; he was a son of Thomas Fisher, who removed to Dedham from Cambridge. 36 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. The covenant may be considered as the constitution embodying the general principles and purposes of the company. But in the work of organizing their gov ernment they also displayed that remarkable capacity which characterized the Puritan colonists, and in se curing the titles to their lands and providing for the common weal, they adopted laws and regulations similar to those under which they and their ancestors had lived for centuries. The inhabitants having acquired the right to make laws, exercised it for three years in their aggregate capacity. But as the affairs of the plantation required monthly town-meetings, these diverted them from their necessary business, and in 1639 they delegated all their power to seven men to be chosen annually. The powers of these seven men were coextensive in every respect with those of the town in legal town- meeting assembled, excepting that they were subse quently prohibited from making free grants, from ad mitting townsmen, and from making dividends of lands. The seven men kept records of their doings and inserted them in the town records, and they are recorded promiscuously among the doings of all the proprietors. They met monthly for many years, and passed many necessary by-laws, for the establishment of highways and fences ; for the keeping of cattle and swine and horses ; for keeping a proper register of land-titles, and of births and marriages ; for the support of schools and religion ; for additional bounties for killing wolves and wild-cats, and for the extinguish ment of Indian claims. The proprietors were extremely anxious lest any unfit persons should gain admittance to their society, and by an ordinance it was declared that every man should give information of what he knew concerning any man coming into the town, before he should " be admitted into the society of such as seek peace and ensue it." No person in covenant should bring his servant with him, and thereby entitle the servant to a lot of land, without bringing testimony of a good character before he should be permitted to reside here. Nor could any proprietor sell his lots without leave of the company. The purpose of these ordinances was to protect the plantation from such as should be " con trary-minded," in the language of the covenant. It is to be remembered that a leading idea of the colonists was to build up a homogeneous society, where all should be of the same religious belief, and from its fellowship all others were to be excluded. In the allotment of lands, each married man had a home-lot of twelve acres, with four acres of swamp land, and each unmarried man eight acres, with three acres of swamp-land. The village was laid out in lots of similar size, and all having a margin of meadow, So accurately were these lots defined, that not many years since a plan showing the lots first granted in Dedham village was made from the description in the proprietors' book of grants, and some of the lines verified by an actual survey. Excepting the home. lots, all the lands cultivated were inclosed in common fields. In 1642 the proprietors agreed that two hun dred acres south of High Street should be made a common tillage field, and that each proprietor's share therein should be marked out by the seven men chosen for the purpose. This common plough-field was surrounded by a fence made at the common charge. The wood-reeves decided the number of rods of fence to be made by each owner. This field was to be cleared every year by October 12th, in order that the cattle might be turned into it. After the timber was cleared from the home-lots, then the in habitants were to obtain leave of the wood-reeves to cut wood and timber from the common lands. After wards woodlands were assigned to the proprietors according to their services and merit. Besides these lands there were herd-walks or common feeding lands for the cattle. These were burned over annually for many years. By an ordinance of 1637 absence from town-meeting was punishable by a fine, one shilling for the first half-hour, and three shillings for the whole meeting. In 1639 it was required that every householder should provide a ladder for his honse under a penalty of five shillings. A long ordinance for the establishment of highways was passed in 1637. Officers called wood-reeves were chosen annually for burning over the herd-walks, to give orders for cutting wood and timber on the common lands, to cause the ordinance respecting ladders to be observed, to collect the penalties for trespasses on the common lands, and to view fences, and cause them to be repaired. One of the earliest of the ordinances declared that there should not any waters become appropriated to any par ticular man, but should rest for the common benefitof the whole town for matter of fishing. Another ordi nance provides for the discovery of mines in the town, reports having been made of a copper-mine at Wrentham, and a bright and shining metal near a brook in Natick. Such was the manner in which the settlers organ ized their town government. Worthington, in his History (1827), makes the following just reflection! concerning the circumstances under which they acted; " Here in the woods at Dedham a number of strangers met, who had come from various places in England, and had probably acquired some slight knowledge of the intentions of each other when they first set out DEDHAM. 37 from Watertown to come here. There were then no general laws in the colony to regulate their various interests or their common enterprises. It was after the coming of the first inhabitants to this place that the General Court delegated powers to the selectmen to execute according to their best discretion what was afterwards regulated by general statutes. They had the common intent of dwelling in the town, and they formed a civil society out of its first simple elements. They actually did what theorists have conjectured might be done in such a case, but of which they could never exhibit a well-authenticated instance. The colonial government was given by a charter. It was the offspring of royalty. The Dedham Society origi nated in a compact, and its laws derived their force from the consent of the people. It was the begin ning of the American system of government.'' To some of the men who laid these foundations allusion has been made. Edward Alleyne died in 1642, and but few of the original nineteen petition ers even then remained. In 1637 the company received important accessions by the admission of several men of superior character and intelligence. Among these were Mr. John Allin, invited, it is said, to become tho teacher in the church, Eleazer Lusher, Michael Metcalf, Anthony Fisher, and Jonathan Fairbanks, all of whom remained and identified them selves with the town. Of Mr. Allin more will be said in connection with the account of the gathering of the church hereafter. But probably Eleazer Lusher maintains the most eminent position among the real founders of the town. He was the leading man all his lifetime, and directed the most important affairs of the town. He was town clerk for twenty- three years and selectman for twenty-nine years. The full and perfect records he kept, the excellent style of his writings, the peace and success of the plantation under his guidance show that he was the leader in the organization of the town. He was a deputy to the General Court for many years, and an assistant from 1662 to the time of his death, which occurred Nov. 13, 1672. He was also prominent in the colony as well as the town. Johnson, in the " Won der-Working Providence," styles him the " nimble- footed captain, a man of the right stamp, and full for the country." In the church records, at the time of his death, he is spoken of as Maj. Eleazer Lusher, " a man sound in the faith, of great holiness and heavenly- mindedness, who was of the first foundation of this church, and had been of great use, as in the common wealth so in the church." The following couplet was repeated frequently by the generation which immediately succeeded him : "When Lusher was in offioe, all things went well, But how they go since it shames us to tell." There were others who came the succeeding year and afterwards who deserve honorable mention, such as Ralph Wheelock, a man of excellent education, who went to Medfield ; Robert Hinsdale, also of Med field, and afterwards of Hadley ; Michael Metcalf, always prominent in the church and town ; William Bullard and John Bullard, Thomas Fuller, Edward Richards, and John Guild, names which are still well known in the town which they founded. The company in 1638 consisted of about thirty families. They at first met for religious worship under one of the large trees which probably stood on the east side of Dwight's Brook, near the house of John Dwight. As early as the 1st of February, 1638, a committee was chosen " to contrive the frame of a meeting-house, to be in length thirty-six feet and twenty feet in breadth, and between the upper and nether sill in the sides to be twelve feet.'' The pits, or pews, were five feet deep and four and one- half feet wide. The elders' seat and the deacons' seat were before the pulpit ; the communion table stood before these seats, and was so placed that the communicants could approach in all directions. This house was not finished until 1646. It was subse quently enlarged, and finally pulled down in 1672. The formation of a church was attended with some delays and difficulties. At first, the settlers who were members of the Watertown Church re quested a dismission, with Mr. Thomas Carter as a teacher. This request was not complied with. The people then requested Mr. Allin, with such as he might see fit to associate with him, to undertake the formation of a church. He first applied to Mr. Ralph Wheelock, and they jointly added eight more. These agreed to go out, each in turn, while his char acter and qualifications for church membership were scanned by the rest, they agreeing to submit to the judgment of the company, to be taken or left as might seem fit. The result was that Mr. John Allin, Ralph Wheelock, John Luson, John Frarye, Eleazer Lusher, and Robert Hinsdale were accepted. Edward Al leyne, at first objected to, was afterwards received. John Hunting was admitted towards the end of the summer, making in all eight ready to enter church communion. They endeavored to secure for teacher a Mr. John Phillips, a minister of reputation, then recently from England, and he came, only to spend a year. The eighth day of the ninth month (November), 1638, was the day appointed for entering into church covenant, and, according to the usage of that time, 38 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. letters were sent to the magistrates and other churches, giving them notice of their intention and requesting their countenance and encouragement. The Gov ernor informed them that no church should be gathered without the advice of other churches and the consent of the magistrates, and afterwards ex plained that there was no intent to abridge their liberties, but if any people of unsound judgment or erroneous way should privately set up a church, the commonwealth would not so approve them as to communicate the freedom and privileges which they did unto others, or protect them in their government if they saw their way dangerous to the public peace. In the letters sent to the churches their presence and spiritual help was requested, and they were represented on the day appointed. It was agreed that the day appointed should be spent in solemn prayer and fasting. Mr. Wheelock should begin with prayer, and Mr. Allin should follow, first in prayer, and then, " by the way of exercising his gift," should speak to the assembly, and conclude with prayer. Then each of the eight persons made a public profession of faith and grace. The elders and messengers of the other churches and the whole people were then called upon to state any impedi ment to the further proceeding, if any were known to them. Mr. Mather, teacher of the church in Dorchester, replied, in the name of the rest, that they had " nothing to declare from the Lord which should move them to desist," and gave them some loving exhortation. The covenant was then publicly read, to which all assented ; the right hand of fellow ship was extended to each of them by the elders, in token of loving acceptation into communion. This was the manner of forming the church in Dedham. The covenant then entered into related to living in holy fellowship, according to the rule of love in all holy watchfulness of each other, to mutual helpful ness, and for the spiritual and temporal comfort and good of one another in the Lord. The church thus gathered was without officers. Mr. Allin was requested to supply the place of teacher for a time, with the assistance of Mr. Wheelock, to see that its affairs were orderly conducted. During the following winter ten additional members were admitted, and the next spring they proceeded to fill the more important offices. Mr. Allin was chosen into the teaching office, and there was some further discussion and consultation with the churches as to whether he should be appointed as pastor or teacher ; but Mr. Allin, while professing that he was indifferent as to which office was selected, thought he was better qualified for that of pastor, and with the assent of the rest took the title of pastor. Four persons were named for the office of ruling elder: Ralph Wheelock, John Hunting, Mr. Thomas Carter, and John Kings. bury, of Watertown. John Hunting was chosen, and Mr. Wheelock was much disappointed, as he had been thought of before Mr. Hunting. Everything was ready for the ordination, but still there was considerable agitation as to the nature of ordination and to whom the right belonged. The conclusion to which they arrived was that the ordi nation was simply a declaration of the election, and that the same body which could elect, could also of right ordain. The 24th day of April, 1639, was the time appointed for the ordination. The elders of the neighboring churches were present, but took no part in the services excepting in giving the right hand of fellowship at the conclusion. Elder Hunting was first ordained by John Allin, Ralph Wheelock, and Edward Alleyne, they being deputed for the purpose. They laid their hands on his head, repeating these words of ordination : " We, in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ, ordain thee, John Hunting, into the office of ruling elder in this church of Christ." Then Elder Hunting, with the other two, laid their hands upon the head of Mr. Allin, accompanied with prayer, and in the name of Christ and his church ordained him "to the office of pastor in the church," "the whole proceeding on the part of the elder being marked with gravity, comely order, and with effect. ual and apt prayer and exhortation to the church." Mr. Whiting, of Lynn, then gave the right hand of fellowship, and the assembly was dismissed. On the Sunday following the wdination, notice was given to church members to bring their children for baptism, and to prepare themselves for communion on the Sunday after. No deacons were chosen until 1650. There were some different apprehensions in the church as to the nature of the office. Finally, June 23, 1650, Henrj Chickering and Nathan Aldis were regularly chosen to the office, and were ordained the following Sunday. A year after Mr. Allin's ordination the number of church members was fifty-three. The Dedham Church was the fourteenth church of Christ under the government of Massachusetts Bay. Johnson says, " They called to the office of pastor the reverend, humble, and heavenly-minded Mr. John Allin, a man of very courteous behavior, full of sweet Christian love towards all, and with much meekness of spirit contending earnestly for the faith and peace of Christ's churches." Cotton Mather, in his life of Allin, says, " He was none of those low-built, thatched cottages that are apt to catch fire, but, like a light- DEDHAM. 39 built castle or palace, free from the combustions of passion." The Rev. John Allin probably came from Wren tham, county of Suffolk, England, and was born in 1596. He was graduated at Cambridge University, and was a preacher in England, though it is uncertain whether he was ever " in orders in the Church of England." He came to Dedham in 1637, and his influence in both the civil and religious affairs of the town was very great from the beginning. For this work he was admirably fitted by temperament and education. When some dispute arose in the colony respecting its relations to the English government, and the question was referred to the ruling elders for advice, Mr. Allin was chosen to deliver their opinion. A discourse delivered by him before the Synod at Cambridge in 1648, which framed the well-known platform, received a warm eulogium from Governor Winthrop. He also, with Mr. Shepherd, of Cambridge, was the author of a '' Defence of the Nine Questions or Positions," being a reply to some charges by Eng lish divines that their brethren on this side had em braced opinions at variance with those professed before embarkation. But he was from disposition averse to controversy. His brethren and townsmen were much attached to him. The church continued in great harmony during his life. He received lib eral grants of land from the Dedham proprietors and two hundred acres from the General Court at Bogas- tow in 1643. He took an interest in the labors of John Eliot among the Indians. He was a man of learning, had a vigorous mind, and in the discharge of his pastoral duties was faithful and assiduous. Cotton Mather writes his epitaph thus : " Vir sincerus, amans pacis, patiens que laborum Perspicuus, simplex doctrinse, purus amator." Mr. Allin married, for his second wife, the widow of Governor Thomas Dudley, Nov. 8, 1653. He died Aug. 26, 1671. After his death his people published two of the last sermons he preached, " writing their preface with tears," according to Mather. They also built a tomb or monument over his grave, with an inscription cut thereon with the date of his death. Elder Hunting died April 12, 1689, and the office of ruling elder was never again filled. During Mr. Allin's ministry of thirty-two years the records do not show any rates for his support. He depended upon voluntary contributions and the grants of land from the proprietors. All his succes sors had salaries voted them by the town, although the salary was paid by the people. When the proprietors divided their common lands, in 1656, eight shares were devoted to the support of the teaching church-officer. The shares drew divi dends wherever they were made, of the common lands, and remained unsold until after the Revolution. Since that time some of these lands have been sold, and the proceeds are the funds now belonging to the first church in Dedham. In 1644 the inhabitants declared their intention to devote some portion of their lands to the support of schools, and granted lands to trustees for raising a fund of the annual income of twenty pounds for the salary of a schoolmaster. The town raised this sum before the lands became productive. In 1680, Dr. William Avery, formerly of the Dedham Church, gave sixty pounds for a Latin school to be ordered by the selectmen and elders. This fund was for many years in the hands of trustees, but was finally lost by being wrongfully, appropriated, or discredited by the operations of bills of credit. In 1695 three hundred acres of good land in Dedham were granted as a school-farm to support schools. This farm was sold by order of the town to defray its ordinary ex penses. Thirty years after, the town instructed a committee to recover this farm, and voted a larger sum to carry on the law-suit than the compensation received for it. This was the work of the second and third generations. The first school-house was built in 1648, and the master's salary twenty pounds at first, and afterwards twenty-five pounds. In 1638, land was " set out for the use of a public burial-place for the town forever" from the lands of Nicholas Phillips and Joseph Kingsbury, who were compensated by the allowance of other land. Prob ably it had been used for burials before. This reser vation, although its contents are not given, refers to the ancient burial-place in Dedham village, with its present boundaries, except the additions made in 1860. A way to it leading from High Street was established in 1664. In 1638 an acre of ground, upon which the meet ing-houses have always stood, was obtained of Joseph Kingsbury for the purpose of erecting a meeting house upon it. In 1641, John Phillips sold to the church three acres, being another part of the same lot sold to him by Kingsbury, having the burial- ground on the south. In the same year Joseph Kingsbury granted to the church three acres lying between the parcel last named and the meeting-house acre. In this way the church acquired its title to lands in Dedham village. The " training-ground," a portion of which has since been known as the '• Great Common," was ap- 40 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. propriated by the proprietors in 1644 for the use of the military company. This grant was confirmed in 1648, with the provision annexed, that the trained company should not appropriate it to any other use than the public exercise of the company, without the consent of the selectmen, nor should the selectmen have power to dispose of any parcel thereof without the consent of the trained company. In 1677 one acre was granted to Amos Fisher in fee, and other persons have been permitted to improve portions of the ground. An almshouse was built in the westerly portion in 1773, and in 1836 this building and land belonging to it was sold by order of the town. In the alienation of both parcels it is stated that the consent of the parties interested was first obtained. A highway laid out through it in 1826 completed all that remained to be done, to destroy its symmetry and its usefulness for any purpose. A law of the colony forbade the settlers to build their houses above half a mile from the meetinrr- house, and this law was enforced for more than fifty years. As late as 1682 complaints were made that this law had been disregarded. It has been seen that in choosing a place for the plantation the settlers were careful to provide for their cattle. In the summer the cows and oxen fed on the common lands near home. The herds in creased rapidly, and in 1659 there were four hundred and seventy-two cattle feeding on the common lands. The horses were turned into the woods, and, though fettered, broke into the corn-fields. Sheep were not introduced until a later period, when they were kept in one flock, and guarded by a shepherd from the wolves. Swine, with yokes upon their necks, were allowed to run in the woods. There was a scarcity of English grass for many years, and in 1649 the wet season prevented the making of hay upon the mead ows, and the inhabitants went to Wollonomopoag to cut grass. Wheat was raised until about 1700 on the newly-cleared lands, and flax was cultivated to some extent. The village of Dedham in 1664 is thus described in Worthington's History (1827), and it probably gives a substantially correct idea of the first collec tion of houses built upon the plain near the meeting house : "In 1664 ninety-five small houses, placed near each other, were situated within a short distance of the place where the court-house now stands, the greater part of them east of that place and around D wight's Brook. A row of houses stood on the north side of High Street, as that road was then called, which extends from the bridge over Dwight's Brook westerly by the court-house. The total value of these houses was six hundred and ninety-one pounds. Four only of the houses were valued at twenty pounds each. The greater number were valued at from three to ten pounds. Most of these houses were built soon after the first settlement commenced. There were then very few carpenters, joiners, or masons in the colony. There was no saw-mill in the settlement for many years. The only boards which could be procured at first were those which were sawed by hand. The saw-pits now seen, denote that boards were sawed in the woods. The necessary materials- bricks, glass, and nails — were scarcely to be obtained. These houses, therefore, must have been constructed principally by farmers and not by mechanics, and were very rude and inconveu- ient. They were probably log houses. Their roofs were covered with thatch. By an ordinance of the town a ladder was ordered to extend from the ground to the chimney as a substitute for a more perfect fire-engine. Around these houses nothing could be seen but stumps, clumsy fences of poles, and an uneven and unsubdued soil, such as all the first settlements in New England presented. The native forest trees were not suitable shades for a door-yard. A shady tree was not then such, an agreeable object as it now is, because it could form no agreeable contrast with cleared grounds. Where the meeting-house of the first parish now stands there stood for more than thirty years a low building, thirty-six feet long and twenty feet wide and twelve feet high, with a thatched roof and a large ladder resting on it. This was the first meeting-house. Near by was the school-house, standing on an area eighteen feet by fourteen feet, and rising to three stories. The third story, however, was a watch-house of small dimensions. The watch-house was be side the ample stone chimney. The spectator elevated on the little box, called the watch-house, might view this plain on which a, part of the present village stands, then a, common plough-field, containing about two hundred acres of cleared land, partially subdued, yet full of stumps and roots. Around him at a further distance were the herd-walks, as the common feeding lands were called in the language of that time. . . . The herd-walks were at first no better cultivated than by cut ting down trees and carrying away the wood and timber, and afterwards, when it was practicable in the spring, by burning them over under the direction of town officers called wood- reeves. . . . The meadows were not yet cleared to any extent, Beyond the herd-walks was a continuous wilderness, which was becoming more disagreeable to the inhabitants, fur the cattle, goats, and swine seem to have allured the wolves to their neigh borhood. The dense swamp about Wigwam Pond was not yet cleared." After King Philip's war the inhabitants began to abandon their first habitations, and built houses in all parts of the town. In sixty or seventy years the humble village of the first settlers was swept away, and their places were occupied by a few farmers for the next hundred years. Some removed to Boston by reason of King Philip's war. In 1642 the number of persons taxed was sixty-one, and in 1666 the number was ninety-five, and in 1675 the number continued the same. DEDHAM. 41 CHAPTER IV. DEDHAM— (Continued). Mother Brook, or East Brook — Dedham Island — Long Ditch — Indian Village at Natick — Pacomtuck, or Deerfield — Bogas- tow, or Medfield — AVollonomopoag, or Wrentham — Decease of Leading Men among the First Settlers. On the twenty fifth day of the first month, March, 1639, it was ordered " that a ditch should be dug at common charge through upper Charles Biver meadow unto East Brook, that it may both be a par tition fence in the same, and also may form a suitable creek unto a water-mill, that it shall be found fitting to set a mill upon, in the opinion of a workman to be employed for that purpose." This is the origin of Mother Brook, or Mill Creek, which starts out of Charles River about a quarter of a mile north of High Street, and runs in a direct course through the meadows and around the highlands, through the easterly vil lage of the town to Neponset River. It is estimated that about one-third of the water of Charles River flows through this channel, and upon it are five mill- dams of great value, and at the present day are two extensive woolen-mills and one cotton-mill, beside the old saw-mill. East Brook took its rise about one hundred rods east of Washington Street, where it crosses the stream. From Charles River to this point the channel is obviously artificial, and was constructed under the order of the town in 1639. The plan was then conceived and carried out, of uniting the waters of Charles with the waters of East Brook, and afterwards with those of Neponset River. The execution of a public work like this in the very infancy of the settle ment is striking evidence of the energy and capacity of the settlers. They then had only small hand grist mills, which had been imported by Governor Win- throp, and their chief design in cutting this canal was to make a dam, where they might have a grist-mill oper ated by water-power. The town at the same meeting granted liberty to any one to build a water-mill on that stream who would undertake it. John Elderkin was the first to accept this proposal, and grants of land were made to him accordingly. In 1642 he sold one- half of his rights to Nathaniel Whiting and the other half to Mr. Allin, Nathaniel Aldis, and John Dwight, and in 1649, Nathaniel Whiting became the sole owner. In 1652 he sold the mill and his town rights for two hundred and fifty pounds, but in 1653 he re purchased the same. In 1664 a new corn-mill was erected by Daniel Pond and Ezra Morse, but Nathaniel Whiting remon strated and brought a suit, which he lost. Further and frequent complaints were made by Nathaniel Whiting to the town, and a committee chosen to regulate the water at the upper dam. Finally, in 1699, it was thought advisable to remove Morse's dam and let the water run in its old channel. As a compensation for this measure, forty acres were granted to Ezra Morse, near Neponset River, at the old saw-mill, or at Everett's Plain, where he may find it most to his satisfaction. In 1700 the Whiting mill was burned, and the town loaned twenty pounds for one year as aid towards the erection of another mill. In 1658-59, Eleazer Lusher and Joshua Fisher agreed to build a saw-mill on the Neponset River, near the Cedar Swamp. In 1682, Jonathan Fairbanks and James Draper asked leave to build a fulling-mill below the corn- mills on East Brook, but Nathaniel Whiting was associated with James Draper by order of the town. The descendants of Nathaniel Whiting held these mill privileges on Mother Brook dowu to the present century. The turning of the waters of Charles River by means of the artificial channel, and uniting therr) with head-waters of Mother Brook, in 1640, has proved to be most beneficial and permanent in its consequences through all the subsequent history of the town. Until the beginning of the present century it furnished saw mills and grist-mills, then of the highest importance, with power, and from 1807 down to the present time there have been erected upon it cotton- and woolen- mills, which have been prosperous, and have con tributed to the substantial growth of the town. At the beginning of the settlement of the town, what is called Dedham Island was a neck of land around which Charles River flowed, with a slight fall in its course, a distance of nearly five miles in an irregular horseshoe bend, leaving a distance of only two-thirds of a mile across the meadows at its heel. This neck is estimated to contain about twelve hun dred acres, and upon it was a herd-walk and possibly some houses of the early settlers. Across " Broad Meadows," at the heel of the horseshoe bend, the upper and lower channels of the river are distinctly visible at high water. The damage to the meadows arising from the waters remaining upon them, was felt to be serious by the first generation, as it has been by every succeeding generation of riparian owners. The enterprising and public-spirited settlers conceived the plan of cutting a " creek or ditch" through the " Broad Meadows," thus uniting the two channels of the river. The purpose was to permit the flow of the waters through this artificial channel instead of accu mulating upon the meadows along the river below. 42 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. In 1652 liberty was granted to cut a creek or ditch through the " Broad Meadows" from river to river. Lieut. Fisher and Thomas Fuller were deputed to survey the length of the water-course through the " Broad Meadows," and the manner of the ground through which the same was to be cut, and the height of the water in the lower river. This was the origin of "Long Ditch," the con struction of which converted the neck into an island. It is not long since it was possible to pass through this channel in a small boat, but the lower portion has become much obstructed by the growth of bushes and the closing of the channel. Its history, however, is a monument of the energy and foresight of the first generation of the Dedham settlors. The great causeway on the bank of the river, which crosses the channel of "Long Ditch" where it leaves the river, was built in 1701. In 1646, John Eliot, the minister at Roxbury, began the work of converting the Indians to Chris tianity and civilization. His first instructions were given at Nonantum, a part of the present city of Newton. He met with success in the conversion of some Indians, among others, of Waban, a wise and grave man of the Massachusetts tribe. Mr. Eliot maintained that the Indians could not become Chris tians unless they were first civilized. He therefore proposed that the Indians should be collected into one village, and designated a place on Charles River, ten miles west of the village of Dedham. This was in the southerly part of the town of Natick, a name which sig nifies " a place of hills." To this proposition, when pro posed to the General Court, Dedham readily assented. Mr. Allin was interested in Eliot's work, and aided him in his new enterprise. The General Court granted two thousand acres at Natick in 1651 for the new Indian town. It has been asserted that the town really had about six thousand acres, and the boundaries were never satisfactorily settled with the Indians. The Naticks, as they were afterwards called, soon built a little town which had three long streets, two on the north, and one on the south of Charles River. Each family had a house-lot. The houses consisted of poles set in the ground, and were covered with peeled bark. A few, built in the manner of English houses, were less perfect and comfortable. There was one large house which answered the double purpose of a school-room and meeting-house. In the second story the Indians deposited their skins. They were supplied with spades, hoes, axes, and other farming implements. A form of government was adopted, and an English magistrate was appointed to hold a court, and, in fact, appointed the Indian con stables and smaller officers. In 1670 the Indian Church at Natick had two teachers and from forty to fifty communicants. They observed the Sabbath, some of them could read and write and rehearse the catechism. The experiment was in a degree success ful. In the beginning of the eighteenth century the tribe was in a civilized state, they had civil officers of their own, and a military company organized in the manner of the colonists. There were some, like Waban and Deacon Ephraim, who led sober, Christian lives, but their numbers gradually diminished until they were extinct in 1826. When the General Court granted the two thousand acres, to be taken from the territory of Dedham for the Indian town at Natick, it granted to the Dedham proprietors, as compensation, eight thousand acres of unlocated lands which they might select. In 1663 messengers were sent out to explore near Lancaster. The messengers reported the land to be good, but hard to cultivate, and there was not enough meadow land. John Fairbanks informed the selectmen of some good land twelve miles from Hadley, and John Fairbanks and Lieut. Daniel Fisher were sent out to discover and examine it. On their return they reported the land to be exceedingly good and that it should be taken possession of under the grant. This was Pacomtuck, the present town of Deerfield, When the report was received, the Dedham proprie tors appointed six persons to repair to Pacomtuck, and cause the eight thousand acres to be located, Capt. John Pynchon, of Springfield, was employed by the town to purchase the lands of the Indians, and procured three deeds from them, which are now carefully preserved at Deerfield. The grantee in these deeds is Capt. John Pynchon, of Springfield, for the use and behoof of Maj. Eleazer Lusher, Ensign Daniel Fisher, and other English of Dedham, their associates and successors. Dedham gave £94 10s. for these deeds, which sum was raised by an assess ment on the common rights in the Dedham proprie tary. In 1670 the proprietors of Pacomtuck met at Dedham, twenty-six being present, — Capt. John •Pynchon, Samuel Hinsdale, John Stebbins, John Hurlburt, and Samson Frary not being inhabitants of Dedham, but Samuel Hinsdale was a son of Robert Hinsdale, of Dedham. The remaining proprietors were inhabitants of Dedham. It was then voted to have a correct plan made, the place for the meeting house to be designated, the church-officers' lot and lots of proprietors to be assigned. In 1672, Samuel Hinsdale, who was afterwards slain at Bloody Brook, made a petition to the Dedham DEDHAM. 43 proprietors to authorize five persons to admit inhabit ants, and to hire an orthodox minister at Deerfield, and to act for themselves in other matters, by reason of their remoteness from other settlements. This petition was granted, and seems to end the relations of the Dedham proprietors with Pacomtuck. Doubt less their shares were purchased by the Pacomtuck proprietors who inhabited there. The town was incorporated as Deerfield, May 24, 1682. As the territory granted to the Dedham proprietors in 1636 was so extensive, there was a great induce ment to begin new settlements within its limits. The desire or necessity for more land, seems to have been a controlling reason for extending the settlements. The fear of attacks from the Indians had at first cheeked the advance of the line of settlements. From the beginning, the settlers had looked with longing eyes upon the wide meadows at Bogastow, now the easterly part of Medway. Edward Alleyne, in 1640, had a grant of three hundred acres there, where he should choose, with fifty acres of meadow. After the death of Mr. Alleyne, in 1642, this grant was located under the direction of Maj. Lusher. In January, 1650, with the sanction and co-operation of the Dedham proprietors, at a general meeting there was granted, for the accommodation of the village, a tract extending east and west three miles, and north and south four miles. A company was immediately formed, and regulations similar to their own, adopted for the government of the new town, and rules were adopted for the equitable division of the lands. In January, 1651, Dedham formally transferred all right and power of town government to the new settlement, which was incorporated May 23, 1651, as Medfield. The grant to Edward Alleyne was conveyed to the town of Medfield by his nephew in 1652. A num ber of the Dedham settlers removed to Medfield, and prominent among them was Mr. Ralph Wheelock, said to have been a non-conformist preacher in Eng land, educated at Clare Hall, Cambridge, and who came to Dedham in 1638. Whether his disappoint ment at not being the choice of the Dedham Church as ruling elder, had inclined him to remove is not stated upon authority, but he was in the habit of preaching occasionally at Medfield. He was a repre sentative from Medfield, and died Jan. 11, 1684, at the age of eighty-three. He was the ancestor of the founder and first president of Dartmouth College. The fact that so large a number of the Dedham set tlers had early received grants of land in Medfield, makes the existence of that town nearly coeval with Dedham. It was an offshoot of the Dedham settle ment, rather than a child of the parent town. The attention of the settlers was also turned south ward to their uplands and meadows at Wollonomopoag. The large and beautiful ponds there, are not mentioned in the records as among its attractions, but in 1649 they had gone there to cut grass from the meadows, and in 1647 notice was given by John Dwight and Francis Chickering of their hopes of a mine there. In 1660 a committee was deputed to view the up land and meadow near about the ponds by " George Indian's wigwam." In 1661, at a general town-meet ing, it was voted that a plantation should be set up at Wollonomopoag, and that six hundred acres should be laid down for the encouragement of the plantation. The bounds of the plantation were afterwards fixed in the same year ; the south bounds to be the Dor chester line, and the north bounds to be the Medfield bounds in part and Charles River in part. In 1662 a committee made a report upon extinguishing the Indian title. Philip, sachem of Mount Hope, claimed lands at Wollonomopoag. In 1662 Dedham had paid £24 10s. for his title to lands within its plantation, and again in 1669 the further sum of £17 0s. Sd. were paid him for a further release of his title. The payment of these sums seems to have been an obstacle to removing to the new plantation. In 1663 the company drew lots in the Wollonomopoag plantation, and a settlement was actually began. An examination of the names of these settlers shows that they were nearly all the sons or sons-in-law of the Dedham set tlers, so that the new plantation was actually the child of Dedham, and the Dedham proprietors continued to aid and direct it in a paternal way for several years. In 1669, Mr. Allin, the Dedham pastor, Elder Hunting, and Major Lusher approved a call to the Rev. Samuel Mann to be the minister for the infant settlement. Major Lusher kept their records. At length, in 1672, the inhabitants were of sufficient numbers and capac ity, in the opinion of the General Court, to carry on the work of the church and commonwealth, and upon their petition, Oct. 17, 1673, they were made a town by the name of Wrentham. In the following Decem ber the books and records were transferred from Ded ham to Wrentham. Fifty years later a considerable portion of the south precinct of Dorchester was also set off to Wrentham. The settlement at Dedham was gradually increasing in its population. In 1657 there were one hundred and sixty-six families. Mr. Allin received sixty pounds as his annual maintenance, and had a good stock of cattle, and a good accommodation in corn- land and meadow. Johnson describes Dedham about this time as " an inland town about ten miles from Boston, well watered with many pleasant streams. 44 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. abounding with garden fruits fitly to supply the mar kets of the most populous town, whose coin and com modities allures the inhabitants of the town to make many a long walk ; they consist of about a hundred families, being generally given to husbandry, and through the blessing of God are much increased, ready to swarm and settle on the building of another town more to the inland." The deeds of lands refer to barns and orchards. The inventory of Mr. Allin's estate included chairs upholstered with leather, Tur key-work cushions, feather-beds and pillows, " a gilt bowl with covering," " a wine-cup with a foot," and a warming-pan, so that some of these homes in the wilderness had both comforts and luxuries. Mr. Allin was a well-to-do farmer, having extensive out- lands and a comfortable homestead, with parlor, kitchen, and buttery on the first floor, and chambers over each. Deacon Chickering the largest landholder ; Ensign Daniel Fisher, for three years speaker of the House of Deputies, and afterwards an assistant ambassador to King Philip, "learned in the law,'" the father of him who afterwards collared a royal governor ; Tim othy Dwight, who came over with his father, John Dwight, when a mere child, the town recorder, select man, deputy to the General Court, " of an excellent spirit,, peaceable, generous, charitable ;" Elder Hunt ing, son-in law to Mr. Allin ; Michael Metcalf, the schoolmaster ; Dr. William Avery, the donor of money for a Latin school ; and Lieut. Joshua Fisher, who kept the ordinary and had an annual bill for " dieting the selectmen ;" these were the contemporaries of the gra cious Allin and Maj. Lusher through the first thirty- five years of the settlement. How wisely and well these men wrought has already been seen. But the time had arrived when the leaders of the first generation were to rest from their labors. Michael Metcalf died in 1664; Anthony Fisher, in 1669 ; Mr. Allin, in 1671 ; Major Lusher and Joshua Fisher, in 1672; Daniel Fisher, in 1683. Another generation was about to enter into their labors and the rule of peaceful life was about to be broken. CHAPTER V. DEDHAM— ( Continued). Indian Deeds — Philip's War — Rev. William Adams — New Meeting-House — Timothy Dwight — William Avery — Daniel Fisher, the second — His Part in Piesisting Sir Edmund Andros, At the time of the coming of the settlers, there were no Indians to be seen within miles of the set tlement. Chicatabot, sachem of the Neponsets, after wards claimed the territory west of Neponset River, bounded northerly on Charles River and southerly on the land of Philip, sachem of the Pokanokets, Philip claimed lands at Wollonomopoag, and wag in the habit of repeating his claims after he had once released them. Magus, another sachem, claimed the territory including Natick, Needham, and Ded ham Island. It was the policy of the Massachu setts colony, under the advice of the Council for New England, to purchase the title of any savages who might pretend to rights of inheritance to the lands granted, that they might avoid the least scruple of intrusion. The Dedham settlers were careful to observe this precept. It has been seen that deeds from Philip of the lands at Wollonomopoag and from the sachem of the Pacomtucks at Deerfield were procured by the Dedham settlers. Besides these deeds, in 1685 there was obtained from Josias, the grandson of Chicatabot, a confirmatory title to the tract of land known as the town of Dedham. In 1680, John Magus and his wife, Natick Indians, in consideration of five pounds in money, released the Indian title to Natick, Needham, and Dedham Island. In 1685, William Nahaton, Peter Natoogus, and Benjamin Nahaton, Punkapog Indians, released their title. In 1681 the town voted that all deeds and other writings relating to town-rights, should be deposited in a box kept by Deacon Aldis for the purpose, and it appears there were seven Indian deeds among them. Whether this box was really provided or not, a bundle of Indian deeds was found in 1836, including all the deeds excepting that from Philip, whose autograph cannot be found. A curious letter from Philip to the selectmen of Dedham, which was copied into the Wrentham records, relates to his land claims. Three of the deeds are still kept in the town clerk's office at Dedham, and the three deeds from the Pacomtucks have been sent to Deerfield. For all these conveyances an adequate consideration in money was paid, and if there was any attempt at overreaching in the bargains, it was by Philip of Mount Hope, to whose unscrupulous demands the Dedham settlers yielded for the sake of peace. In 1673 the selectmen received orders from the General Court to prepare the town for defense against the Indians. For several years Philip had excited alarm in the Plymouth colony by his bad faith and secret combinations with other tribes, and it was now rendered certain that a serious outbreak was about to occur. The soldiers were called out for frequent trainings. A barrel of gunpowder and other ammu- DEDHAM. 45 nition were procured. The gun, which was a small field-piece called a drake, given to the town by the General Court in 1650, was mounted on wheels. The meeting-house was made the depository for sup plies. The people maintained a garrison and set a watch. The inhabitants had been encouraged to en list into the troop of horse commanded by Capt. Pren tice by an abatement of taxes. The fear excited was great in the settlement, and many fled to Boston. The Wrentham settlers packed their goods, and with their wives and children came to Dedham, leaving their deserted houses behind them. The town was well situated for defense. It was built in a compact manner, that it might be prepared for defense against the Indians. Little River and Charles River on the north, were safeguards against approach from that direction, while on the other sides of the village the plain was cleared to a considerable extent, and was overlooked by the watch in the belfry of the new meeting-house. The Indians in the town were ordered to depart, and to go either to Natick, Ne ponset, or Wamisit. A war tax was levied upon the inhabitants, which exceeded one shilling for every pound of valuation. Dedham escaped the horrors of an Indian attack by reason of these preparations, but Dedham men were found in the bloodiest battles of the war. The troop of horse under Capt. Prentice was a part of the force which made the first attack upon Philip on June 28, 1675, immediately after the massacre at Swanzey, and lost one killed and one wounded. Robert Hinsdale, one of the founders of the Dedham Church in 1638, but who had removed to Hadley, with his three sons, were killed at Bloody Brook in Capt. Lothrop's company. John Wilson, John Genere, and Eiisha Woodward were slain at Deer field. In December, 1675, the combined forces of the colonies, consisting of six companies under Gen. Winslow, were collected at Dedham and marched against the Narragansetts in Rhode Island, and was the force engaged in the great battle of the Narraganset Fort. In February, 1676, Medfield was burned and twenty of the settlers killed, and the deserted houses at' Wrentham were nearly all consumed soon after. Indians were detected lurking in the neighboring woods of the Dedham settlement, but they found the watch set and the garrison prepared. On the 25th of July, 1676, a party of Dedham and Medfield men, numbering thirty-six Englishmen and ninety praying Indians, won a signal success in slaying Pomham, a Narragansett sachem, and capturing fifty of his fol lowers. An expedition under Capt. Church had gone to the Narragansett country in pursuit of him, but he escaped them. This achievement contributed much to bring the war to a successful conclusion, as Pomham was re garded as an enemy second only in power and influ ence to Philip himself. The death of Philip soon after brought hostilities in this vicinity to an end, and the settlement could again feel some sense of security. There were other changes going on in the town besides those resulting from the dread realities of an Indian war. It has been seen that many of the leading men of the first generation had gone to their final rest. In a little more than six months after Mr. Allin's death, Mr. William Adams had been called to be his successor, and was ordained Dec. 3, 1673. He was the son of William Adams, of Ipswich, born May 27, 1650, and was graduated at Harvard College in 1671. He married, /or his second wife, Alice Bradford, daughter of Maj. William Bradford, of Plymouth. He relinquished for one year eight pounds of his salary on account of the expenses incurred during Philip's war. Soon after his settlement as minister, the new meet ing-house was raised. The old meeting-house, with its thatched roof, was out of repair and insufficient for the congregation. In 1672, before Mr. Adams was called, the people had voted to erect a new meet ing-house. It was finished in 1673. It had " three pair of stairs," one at the north, another at the east, and another at the south corners. The fore seat in the front gallery was parted in the middle, and the rest open at both ends. The south gallery was for men, and the north gallery for women and boys. The seats in the lower part of the house were parted in the middle by an aisle, so that the men were ranged on one side and the women on the other. It had a bell, which had become quite necessary, since the people were moving farther from the meeting house than formerly. The practice of beating the drum to summon the congregation had been aban doned for many years. They had much difficulty in caring for the orderly behavior of the boys, to whom were assigned seats where they might "be watched over." Ten years after, it was proposed to construct new galleries, and in 1696 galleries were erected "over the other galleries," that over the woman's gallery being for " young women and maids to sit O in. Mr. Adams died Aug. 17, 1685. Two of his ser mons were printed, one being an election sermon. In a book used for the parish records there is a com mentary written by him covering sixty-three pages. 46 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. During his ministry there was harmony among his people, and they showed attachment to their pastor. The parish now included all of the original territory granted to Dedham proprietors excepting Medfield and Wrentham. In 1682 a vote was passed that no one of the inhabitants should remove a greater dis tance than two miles from the meeting-house withont special license, as any person so removing would ex pose himself to danger, and to want of town govern ment. The people, therefore, were not widely scat tered, although the small house-lots of the village were gradually being abandoned. The generation which had now succeeded to the management of the secular and religious affairs of the town were much inferior to the first, in point of education and manners. The wilderness had been a rough school in which to rear their families, in spite of the care which the fathers had taken to provide for their education. The town was indicted in 1674, and again in 1691, for not supporting a school. The Indian war had doubtless a depressing influence in this respect. The leading men at this period appear to have been Timothy Dwight, Daniel Fisher (the second of that name), and William Avery. Timothy Dwight was the son of John Dwight, and was a small child when he came with his father. He had been town clerk ten years and selectman twenty-four years before this time, but he was still in active life, and survived until Jan. 31, 1718. He was the husband of six wives and the father of nineteen children. He was the progenitor of a line of descendants that have made the name of Dwight known and honored through the succeeding generations. William Avery was the son of Dr. William Avery, and was a deacon of the church and selectman for twenty-two years. His name was honorably perpetuated for many years in Dedham. Capt. Daniel Fisher succeeded to the title and name of his father but not to his official distinc tion, but he inherited his spirit. His father had been prominent in the struggle between the Massachusetts colony and Randolph, the special messenger of the crown, in his attempts against the colonial charter. Among those against whom he exhibited articles of high misdemeanor was Daniel Fisher, and in 1682 Randolph wrote to England that " His Majesty's quo warranto against the charter, sending for Thomas Danforth, Samuel Norvell, Daniel Fisher, and Eiisha Cooke, will make the whole faction tremble." Such was the character and position of the first Daniel Fisher, who died in 1683. In 1686 the charter was vacated, and soon after, Sir Edmund Andros was appointed the royal Governor of all the English possessions in America north of Pennsylvania, by King James II. His activity in oppressive legislation had rend him especially obnoxious to the people of Boston, where he resided. In April, 1689, the news of the landing of the Prince of Orange in England was brought to Boston. On the morning of the 18th of April, it being Thursday, when the weekly lecture of the First Church invited a concourse from the neighboring towns, a rumor spread that there were armed men collecting and a rising in the different parts of Boston. " At nine of the clock the drums beat through the town and an ensign was set up on the beacon." The captain of the " Rose"' frigate was taken and handed over to a guard, and Randolph and other high officials were apprehended and put in jail. From the eastern gallery of the town-house in King Street, a declaration of the gentlemen mer chants and inhabitants of Boston and the country adjacent was read to the assembled people, reciting the oppressive acts of Andros, and concluding that they seize upon the persons of the grand authors of their miseries to secure them for justice, and advising the people to join them for the defense of the land. Andros was in the fort on Fort Hill. A summons was sent to him to surrender and deliver up the government and fortification, promising him secu rity from violence, but assuring him an attempt would be made to take the fort by storm if opposition should be made. After some negotiation the Gov ernor " came forth from the fort and went disarmed to the town-house, and from thence under guard to Mr. Usher's house." On the succeeding day, the news having spread to the adjoining towns, the coun try people, according to Hutchinson, " came into town in such a rage and heat as made all tremble to think what would follow." Nothing would satisfy them but that the Governor must be bound in chains or cords and put in a more secure place, and Andros was con ducted under guard from Usher's house back to the fort. Tradition says that the man who led the im prisoned Governor by the collar of his coat was Capt. Daniel Fisher, the second of the name, of Dedham. As Haven in his centennial address most felicitously says, it was " a second Daniel come to judgment." He was inspired with a keen sense of the personal obloquy his father had endured from royal emissaries as well as a thorough sympathy with the cause of the people. He served as selectman for nine years. He was the Daniel Fisher who went to Deerfield with John Fairbanks in 1663. He was also the great grandfather of Fisher Ames. DEDHAM. 47 CHAPTER VI. DEDHAM— ( Continued.) Province Charter — Changes and Contentions — Incorporation of Needham — Rev. Joseph Belcher — The Second Parish and Church — Rev. Thomas Balch— The Third Parish and Church — Rev. Josiah Dwight — Rev. Andrew Tyler — -Incorporation of Walpole — Services of Church of England begun — Rev. William Clark — Samuel Colburn — Devise of Estate to Epis copal Church — Rev. Samuel Dexter — The Fourth Parish and Church — Rev. Benjamin Caryl — Services of Dedham Men in French Wars — New Meeting-House — Dr. Nathaniel Ames— The Pillar of Liberty — Events Prior to the American Revo lution. In 1692 the charter, under which the colony had existed for fifty-five years, was dissolved by a legal judgment, and a new charter of the province of Mas sachusetts Bay, with a Governor, Lieutenant-Governor, and secretary, appointed by the crown, took its place. This is commonly considered as marking the begin ning of a new period in the history of Massachusetts. In the Dedham settlement it was a time of depres sion. The town had been without a pastor for about eight years, since the death of Mr. Adams. Divi sions had arisen among the people during the vacancy, and they had extended calls to four different persons to become their minister. In the correspondence which occurred during these efforts of the church and town, the discouraging state of affairs at Ded ham was not concealed, and it had the effect of causing a declination of each invitation. At length, in 1692, Mr. Joseph Belcher, of Milton, accepted the call. The town offered him sixty pounds to pro vide him with a dwelling, and a salary of one hun dred pounds, and afterwards wood to the value of ten pounds was added, or that amount in money. He was ordained Nov. 29, 1693. Soon after, the meet ing-house was enlarged by the addition of new gal leries. Prior to this time, the ministerial rate had been paid by the voluntary contributions made each Sabbath. Mr. Belcher proposed that for one quarter, his salary should be paid, and he would rely upon contributions for the remaining three-quarters of the year. The result was not satisfactory, and a few years after, the ministerial rates were collected in the same manner as the country rates. Those who de sired to worship elsewhere had liberty to pay the rates to the minister where they worshiped. These, doubtless, were those who lived at a remote distance from the meeting-house and were desirous of forming new parishes. About the year 1702 pews were first introduced, and a year or two previous, the meeting house was again enlarged. In civil matters, there were some changes worthy of mention. In 1694 the inhabitants of the town and the proprietors first acted as separate bodies. In 1695 the proprietors laid out the thirty -four hundred acres of their Sherborn lands which were included in the grant of 1636, and assigned them to those who could then show their rights therein. This was to aid in the formation of the new town which was incorpo rated in 1694. In 1698 the bounty for killing a full- grown wolf was increased from twenty to thirty shillings, and a number of these bounties was soon after received. A considerable portion of the town still remained a wilderness. In raising thirty pounds to repair the meeting-house, it was voted to pay one- half in wheat at five shillings, rye at four shillings, corn at two shillings, and a day's work at two shil lings. In 1701 it was voted that the law forbidding any person not an inhabitant to purchase land in the town is in force, and that measures be taken to get it approved by the General Court. The contentions and divisions existing in the town are well exempli fied by the town-meeting in March, 1703. It as sembled on the sixth, and was held all day, but did no business but adjourn to the thirteenth day. The ad journed meeting could do no business, but adjourned to the seventeenth day, when town-officers were chosen. A new meeting was called on the twenty-seventh day, when another board of town-officers was chosen, and on the seventeenth of April a third board of town-officers was chosen by order of the Court of Sessions. In 1700, Sir Prentiss began to keep school at twenty pounds for the year and keeping his horse with hay and grass. In 1715 the town granted fifteen pounds tor the school, which was the sum granted for several years, both before and after that year. In 1718 the town imposed a penalty of twenty shillings for every month an unlicensed stranger should remain in the town. The province taxes until 1720 were called the country taxes in the assessment, as the name of province was odious to the people. In 1722 the settlement was visited with the smallpox, and the inhabitants held public worship in a private house for fear of the contagion. The gradual extension of new settlements within the territory of the proprietors is shown by the incor poration of new towns. In 1711 forty persons, re siding in that part of the town now called Needham, petitioned the General Court to be set off as a sepa rate township. Dedham at first opposed the separa tion, but afterwards gave its consent on condition that the petitioners should have less territory than they demanded. The town of Needham was incor porated Nov. 5, 1711, with all the territory asked for 48 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. in the petition. Bcllingham was incorporated Nov. 27, 1719. In 1691 the selectmen had reported that the lands near Mendon and Wrentham, which con stituted the town of Bellingham, were not worth lay ing out for a dividend, so that there was probably no opposition to the incorporation. It was named in honor of Governor Richard Bellingham. The town of Walpole was incorporated Dec. 10, 1724, and was carved out of the southerly part of Dedham. It was named for Sir Robert Walpole, then the prime minister of England. Mr. Belcher died at Roxbury, April 27, 1723. Five of the principal inhabitants were directed to hire a coach to bring his body to Dedham, and forty pounds were afterwards allowed Madam Belcher for expenses upon the occasion of the funeral. He was born in Milton, May 14, 1668. He was graduated at Harvard College in 1690. His house stood upon the site occupied by the meeting-house of the Allin Evangelical Society. His portrait, which now hangs in the vestry of the First Parish, was presented by Mrs. Elizabeth Gay, Jan. 1, 1839. Dr. Cotton Mather preached a discourse after his death, in which he speaks of him as " an excellent preacher to walk with God, and an excellent pattern of what he preached." The inhabitants residing in the southerly and west erly portions of the town, on account of their remote ness from the meeting-house, had for several years made known their desire for a new parish. In 1722 they had presented their petition to be set off into a town or precinct. But the town did not then give its consent to the prayer of the petition. In 1728, how ever, the town voted that if the inhabitants of the southerly part of the town will unite with some families in the westerly part of Stoughton in a petition to be made a parish, it will give its consent. Ac cordingly the South Parish of Dedham was incorpo rated by the General Court, Oct. 18, 1730. The terri tory thus incorporated included also what was after wards the West Parish. But this union of the two sections was not of long continuance. A division arose at once between them upon the location of the meeting-house. Indeed, the frames of two meeting houses were raised about the same time, and neither was satisfactory to all parties. Unable to settle the question, the precinct voted to petition the General Court for a committee to come and view their situa tion, and to set off to the old precinct as many as they shall judge to be most for the peace and harmony of both precincts, and the committee did set off to the old precinct those families living in what afterwards became the West Parish. They also recommended to the South Parish that it remove its meeting-house farther south, which was done. In 1769 another meeting-house was erected in this parish. The church connected with the Second, or South Parish of Dedham was gathered June 23, 1736, con sisting of fifteen members. They called the Rev. Thomas Balch to be their pastor, and on June 30th he was ordained. Mr. Balch was a native of Charles town, and was born Oct. 17, 1711, and was graduated at Harvard College in 1733. He continued to be the pastor of this church until his death, which occurred Jan. 8, 1774, at the age of sixty-two years. His ministry continued thirty-seven years and nearly six months, and he died in the full confidence and affec tion of his people. He was an excellent preacher, and was a man of high character and attainments. A number of his sermons were printed. The people in the westerly section, after being re united with the old parish in 1733, were still dissatis fied with their parochial relations, and on the 4th of June, 1735, they organized a new church indepen dently of the First Church. On that day the Rev. Josiah Dwight, a son of Capt. Timothy Dwight, of Dedham, was installed as pastor. That this proceed ing was viewed with disapproval by the First Church, is evident from the fact that, though invited, it was not represented at Mr. Dwight's installation. The number of church members was thirteen. At the time of Mr. Dwight's installation the meeting-house begun in 1731 was unfinished ; it was not plastered, and had no pews except those built by individuals for themselves. It was afterwards completed, and the house stood for seventy-eight years before the present one was built. The parish was finally incorporated as the Third Parish, Jan. 10, 1736. But the trialsof this people were by no means ended. Mr. Dwight and his people did not get on without differences and dissensions, and he requested a dismission, which was granted May 20, 1743. The terms of the dismis sion were that he should receive fifty pounds, and that a " number of respectable individuals should on his removal accompany him as far as Thompson.'! He was born in Dedham, Feb. 7, 1670, and was grad uated at Harvard College in 1687, and was the min ister of Woodstock, Conn., before he came to Dedham. After his dismission from the Third Parish he returned to Woodstock, where he spent the remainder of his life. The name by which this parish is designated in the act of incorporation, and which it has since re tained, is that of " the Clapboard trees." This was an ancient name for this locality, and probably there were trees here at the beginning of the settlement, which were considered to be adapted to furnish a covering for the dwelling-houses. DEDHAM. 49 In November, 1743, the Rev. Andrew Tyler, of Boston, was ordained as Mr. Dwight's successor. He was of good repute as a preacher, and a man of per sonal attractions. During the first twenty years of his ministry he had the respect and confidence of his people. From 1764 to 1772 very serious disputes arose between him and the parish, and repeated but fruitless attempts were made to restore peace by parish meetings, church meetings, and ecclesiastical councils, and finally by referees, until Dec. 17, 1772, when he was dismissed. He left the ministry and re sided in Boston until his death, in 1775. The church had no other pastor for nearly eight years after Mr. Tyler's dismission, during which its troubles and dis sensions appear to have continued, which the trials and expenses of the Revolutionary war did not serve to mitigate. In 1731 the Rev. Dr. Timothy Cutler, rector of Christ Church, Boston, " at the desire of some church men and dissenters willing to be informed," first began the service of the Church of England and to preach ' in Dedham. He was a graduate of Harvard College, a native of Charlestown, had been pastor of a Congre gational Church at Stratford, Conn., and subsequently 1 president or rector of Yale College. He had con- - formed to the Church of England, and was at this time a missionary of the " Society for the Propaga- - tion of the Gospel in Foreign Parts," a society formed :: in London in 1701. The place where these services - were held by Dr. Cutler, was in a house owned by ¦ Joseph Smith, in the westerly part of Dedham. The : house was standing until within a few years on Sum- : mer Street. Here Dr. Cutler preached at intervals, and between November, 1732, and May, 1733, i monthly, to congregations of forty or fifty persons, . and administered the Sacrament to eight or nine persons. He continued his services until Christmas, 1733, after which they were not regular. In 1734 : he baptized five children. In the same year six per- j sons had their ministerial taxes abated on the ground ; that they carried on the worship of God in the way ¦, of the established Church of England, as the law at ;, this time permitted them. After this time, Dr. Cut- » ler visited Dedham occasionally, preaching to a con- I siderable congregation and administering the sacra- I ments. Dr. Cutler died in 1765, and after his death, , Dr. Ebenezer Miller, of Braintree, succeeded to the , charge of the services here. In 1733-34 efforts were j made towards the building of a church, but it was . not until 1758 that the work was actually begun, , and it was opened, Dr. Miller officiating, the Sunday . after Easter, 1761. The location of this church was near the corner of Court and Church Streets, but be- 4 fore 1771 nothing was done more than outside work. A contribution from some gentlemen in Newport, R. I., aided in finishing the house. Up to the time of the Revolution it had not advanced very far towards completion, as it had no pews, and was neither lathed nor plastered. After Dr. Miller's death the Rev. Edward Winslow, his successor at Braintree, con tinued to have charge of the services. On the 16th of August, 1767, the Rev. Wil liam Clark began to read the service at Dedham. He was the son of Rev. Peter Clark, of Danvers, a graduate of Harvard College in 1759, and was educated to be — like his father — a Congregational clergyman, but had conformed to the Church of England. He went to London and was ordained Dec. 18, 1768, by the Bishop of London. On the 18th of June, 1769, he began his services as mis sionary, officiating on alternate Sundays at Dedham and Stoughton. He inarried, Sept. 15, 1770, Miss Mary Richards, of Dedham. After 1772 he took leave of his people at Stoughton, and removed to Dedham. The troublous times immediately pre- cedinsr the first conflict of the Revolution interfered with the attendance upon his services and the ad ministration of the sacraments. But he continued to hold service until after Easter, 1777, and the law was passed forbidding prayers for the king's majesty, when he closed his church. Mr. Clark was very discreet in his conduct and speech during this trying period. At the public town-meeting held May 29, 1777, a vote was passed that he, with three of his church, were looked upon as inimical to the United States. On the 21st of the following May he writes : " I was surrounded by a mob when I got home, but escaped on my parole." On the 5th of June follow ing he was taken prisoner and carried to Boston, when he gave bail, and the others were taken to jail. His arrest was not approved by the committee of the town at first, but they were urged to make the prosecution. The charge made against him, was based upon his writing a letter to a gentleman of a neighboring county, recommending one of his con gregation who was in distress to his kindly assistance in helping him to support himself. He was adjudged guilty by the tribunal in Boston, and sentenced to banishment and confiscation of his estate, and sent on board a guard-ship in Boston harbor, where he re mained about ten weeks, when he returned to Ded ham. On the 10th day of June, 1778, having through the intervention of Dr. Nathaniel Ames, who sympathized with him in his distress, procured a passport, which was brought to him by Fisher Ames, he took leave of his friends in Dedham and 50 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. sailed from Boston to Newport, thence to New York, and thence to England. His wife accompanied him to Newport, but returned to Dedham, where she died in child-bed in the succeeding December. He remained in England during the war, when he re turned to Nova Scotia, where he again married, and resided a few years. He finally lived at Quincy, Mass., where he died, in 1815, at the age of seventy- five years. In 1756, Samuel Colburn, the only son of Benja min Colburn by his second wife (Mary Hunting), a young man twenty-four years of age, whose father had died in 1747, leaving him a large landed estate, enlisted as a volunteer in the force raised during the French war by Governor Shirley, destined to reduce the fortifications of the enemy at Crown Point and vicinity. Into this force about twenty men enlisted from Dedham. It has been asserted and believed that Colburn was drafted or impressed into the ser vice, but against his name on the original roll at the State-House is plainly written the word volunteer. His friend and neighbor, Samuel Richards, also en listed, and there is really no ground to believe that he was compelled to join the army. He enlisted on the 18th of March, 1756, marched with his com pany, and on the 28th day of October he died of disease at the Great Meadows, between Saratoga and Stillwater. His friend, Samuel Richards, died on the 13th day of August. Before his departure, Samuel Colburn made his will, dated May 7, 1756, by which he devised his estate to trustees, subject to the life-estate of his mother, for her maintenance and comfortable sub sistence, first, for the payment of £26 14s. id. towards the building of an Episcopal Church in Dedham, whenever the same should be undertaken ; and when such church should be undertaken to be erected, one acre of his land on the south side of the way opposite his dwelling-house, next to Samuel Richard's house, should be set apart for that purpose in the most con venient place, and this notwithstanding the devise to his mother. In case the church should be built at the time of his mother's decease, the said estate should be to the use of said church ; and in case it should not then be built, then the income should be applied to hire and pay for preaching and carrying on public worship in the Episcopal way in Dedham until said church should be built, and then the whole to be to the said church forever. By this will, at the de cease of his mother, in addition to the church acre, about one hundred and thirty-four acres of land, in cluding the Colburn homestead, which was in Ded ham village, was given for the use of the Episcopal Church in Dedham. Owing to mismanagement of the estate by those intrusted with it, some of it was alienated and lost, and the devise of the church acre wholly ignored. After the Revolution, and the de cease of Mrs. Colburn in 1792, what remained was appropriated for the support of preaching " in the Episcopal way." How and by what inducements Samuel Colburn was led to make this liberal devise to the church of England, then so obnoxious to the Puritan establishment, has been a matter of con. jecture and of vague tradition. That Samuel Colburn was well acquainted with the service of the Episcopal Church and the Book of Common Prayer, there is some evidence. He had lived in the family, or was the neighbor, of Samuel Richards, who was a zealous churchman, and as clergyman of the Church of Eng land had held services in Dedham during twenty-fiye years, and ever since the time of his birth, he must have known something of the cliurch which he made the object of his bounty. Besides, it is said that he disapproved of the conduct of some of his relatives and neighbors in religious matters. Retracing the events of the eighteenth century, the vacancy occasioned by the death of Mr. Belcher was filled in a little more than three months by the Rev. Samuel Dexter. He was born in Maiden, was graduated at Harvard College in 1720, and was or dained May 6, 1724. The first meeting of the parish as a separate precinct, consequent upon the incorpo ration of the Second Parish, was Jan. 4, 1730-31. The meeting-house required frequent repairs, and owing to a depreciation of the currency there were frequent adjustments made in the minister's salary; pews first began to be erected ; two new bells were provided in two years ; the deacons' wives had sepa rate seats assigned them ; and the ever-recurring dis turbance by the boys, — such were the more important events in the history of the parish during Mr. Del- ter's ministry. On Thanksgiving Day, Nov. 23, 1738, being at the conclusion of the first century since the church was gathered, he preached a dis course, of which two editions have been printed, and is the first sermon containing historical references which has been printed. He also left a diary or journal. In the earlier portion of his ministry there were dissensions in the parish, and these gave the sensitive pastor much distress. After the incorpora tion of the West Parish, affairs moved more smoothly. He died, after a short illness, Jan. 29, 1755, in the fifty-fifth year of his age and the thirtieth of his ministry. " He died as he had lived, enjoying the general respect and confidence of his people." In 1748 a fourth parish was incorporated called DEDHAM. 51 Springfield, now the town of Dover. The Rev. Ben jamin Caryl was ordained as pastor of the church Nov. 10, 1762, and he died Nov. 13, 1811. The parish was incorporated as a district by the General Court, July 7, 1784, when the name of Dover was given to it. This was the period in the history of Massachu setts when her people were involved in the wars and military expeditions of the mother-country. In an expedition against the Spanish West India settle ments the province furnished five hundred men, and six men from the South Parish of Dedham were among those who perished. In the famous expedi tion against Louisburg, 1745, there were a number of men probably from the South Parish, and among them the Rev. Mr. Balch, who served as one of the chaplains, and was absent from his people sixteen months. In the last French war more than fifty Dedham men served at Ticonderoga, Fort Edward, ; Fort William Henry, Lake George, and in Canada, at the Bay of Fundy and Louisburg. Among the names of those who served in this war will be found those of the oldest families, and it is said that at this : period one-third of all the effective men of the prov ince were in some way engaged in the war. Mr. Haven quotes from Dr. Nathaniel Ames' Almanac of 1756 the following lines : " Behold our camp ! from fear from vice refined, Not of the filth but flower of human kind ! Mothers their sons, wives lend their husbands there I Brethren ye have our hearts, our purse, our prayer." These wars were the schools in which Massachu setts men were trained in the duties of the soldier, and which fitted them for the great conflict with the mother-country in the war of the Revolution twenty years later. On the 5th day of February, 1756, about seven months after the decease of Mr. Dexter, Mr. Jason Haven, of Framingham, was ordained as his successor. One hundred and thirty-three pounds, six shillings, and eightpence had been voted him " as an encour agement to settle here," with an annual salary of sixty-six pounds, thirteen shillings, and eightpence, and twenty cords of wood, during the time of his ministry here. Owing to the depreciation of the currency, the salary of Mr. Haven was increased in 1770, and again in 1779. The old meeting-house built in 1673 had now stood for more than eighty years, and in March, 1761, it was voted by the parish, with unanimity, to build a new one. The structure was to be sixty feet long and forty-six feet wide, with a steeple and two porches. A committee was appointed to apply to the church " for liberty to get materials or timber" from its lands. Mr. Haven furnished the plan of pews and seats on the floor of the house. On the 7th of June, 1762, the inhabitants assembled to take down the old house. The new house was finished Sept. 21, 1763. The timber was of solid oak and the floor had oak underneath. It had fifty pews on the floor. The person paying the highest parish rate had the first choice, and so on to the end of the list. The deacons' seat immediately under the pulpit, and above it, entered from the pulpit-stairs half-way up, the elders' seat, were both retained in the new as in the old house. But the velvet cushion given by the young women for the pulpit, the curtain for the window, the clock given by Samuel Dexter, and the Bible afterwards presented by Mrs. Barnard, formerly the widow of Rev. Mr. Dexter, on condition that the reading of a portion of it should have a place in the public services on the Lord's Day, — all these things show some ad vancement in the ideas of the people respecting pub lic worship. The old New England version of the Psalms was exchanged for Tate and Brady, and a chorister was appointed, with power to nominate a number who should assist in singing. Before this, one of the deacons had read the Psalm line by line as it was sung. No instrument of music was intro duced until 1790, when the bass viol was admitted to strengthen the bass. The church and parish were now entering upon a period of respite from disputes and dissensions. The serious questions which were beginning to arise be tween England and the province perhaps served to withdraw the minds of the people. Perhaps the in fluence of a man like Samuel Dexter, who had re moved to Dedham, may have been exerted for peace. Samuel Dexter was the son of the Rev. Mr. Dexter, and was born in Dedham, and became a merchant in Boston. In 1763 he came to Dedham, and built a fine residence for that day, which now stands in ex cellent preservation. He was a man of wealth, of public spirit, and no man since the days of Lusher had done so much to promote the interests of the town and church by his services, his advice, and his donations. He was many times a deputy to the General Court; he sat five years in the Provincial Congress, and was negatived several times as a coun cilor by the royal governor. At the beginning of the Revolution he was a member of the Supreme Ex ecutive Council of State, which assisted and supported the military operations in the vicinity of Boston. He differed "from the majority of his associates as to the policy of bringing undisciplined troops so near the British army in Boston, and in consequence retired 52 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. from public service, and never entered it again. In 1784 he sold his estate to Dr. John Sprague and re moved to Mendon, where he died June 10, 1810, in the eighty-fifth year of his age. He bequeathed five thousand dollars to Harvard College to found a pro fessorship for promoting the study of Biblical Criti cism. He was the father of the Hon. Samuel Dexter, the eminent lawyer, and afterwards Secretary of War and of the Treasury in the administration of John Adams. In 1732, Dr. Nathaniel Ames removed from Bridge- water to Dedham. He was a man of an acute mind, a ready wit, and of amiable temper. He is best known as the author of the Ames Almanacs, which were published for forty years, although it has been said some of the first of these must have been published by his father. He became a prominent citizen, and was much employed in town and parish affairs. He married, for his second wife, Deborah, the daughter of Jeremiah Fisher, and granddaughter of Daniel Fisher, the second of that name. By this union he had several children, among whom were Fisher Ames and . Nathaniel Ames, who both lived and died in Dedham. The Ames almanacs are rare and curious and contain predictions of wars and direful events, founded upon the conjunctions of planets, with some quaint verses. He lived in a house which was a tavern for many years, and which stood on the loca tion of Ames Street, near High Street, opposite the court-house in Dedham. It was known prior to the Revolution as Woodward's tavern, but at some time previous it had been kept by Dr. Ames. He died in 1764. His widow survived until 1817, and died in the ninety-fifth year of her age. The house was taken down after her death. The passage of the Stamp Act in 1765 was the beginning of the series of measures by which Eng land asserted the right to tax the colonies, and which were the proximate causes of the American Revolu tion. The attempt to enforce it in Boston excited the people to violence, and a mob destroyed the records of the Vice-Admiralty Court, and the houses of the Crown officers of customs. With this spirit of resist ance the men of Dedham had full sympathy. In October, 1765, Samuel Dexter, their representative to the General Court, was instructed not to encourage the execution of that act, and the duty of resisting it was enjoined upon him, for the reasons so fully assigned at that time in public documents and writings. In October, 1766, the General Court having proposed to the town whether it will bestow an indemnity on the late sufferers by the riots in Boston, the town voted that it could not consent even to a partial indemnity. In Novem ber, however, the town voted that it would be a dangerous precedent to grant it as a matter of right but that " we may show our dutiful regard to out most gracious sovereign, and our gratitude to those worthy persons who caused the repeal of the Stamp Act, we give instructions to vote for the indemnity as it is now asked for on the ground of generosity." The news of the repeal of the Stamp Act reached Boston in May, 1766. It was received with the most enthusiastic expressions of joy ; a day was set apart for the purpose, and by the ringing of bells, the display of banners, the release of prisoners for debt by subscription, a brillant illumination with loyal inscrip tions, and figures of Pitt, Camden, and Barre, the people testified their gratitude and delight. In this public rejoicing the people of Dedham most heartily joined, and they have left a lasting memorial of their joy to succeeding generations. In the northwest corner of the court-house yard there stands a square granite pillar, about five feet in height, which bears the following inscriptions, reveal ing its history to him who can decipher the letters, now blurred by time : " The Pillar of Liberty erected by the Sons of Liberty in this vicinity. "Laus Deo Regii et Immunitat ni autoribusq maxims Patronus Pitt qui Rempub. rursum evulsit faucibus Orci. " The Pillar of Liberty to the honor of William Pitt, Esq., and others, Patriots, who saved America from impending slavery, and confirmed our most loyal affection to King George III. by procuring a repeal of the Stamp Act, 18th March, 1766. "Erected here July 22, 1766, by Dr. Nathaniel Ames (2d), Col. Ebenezer Battle, Major Abijah Draper, and other patriots friendly to the rights of the Colonies at that day. " Replaced by the citizens, July 4, 1828." This monumental stone once formed the pedestal of the "Pillar of Liberty." It was surmounted by a wooden column about twelve feet high, on the top of which was placed a wooden bust of William Pitt. From memoranda now preserved, it appears that the stone was prepared in May, and on the 22d of July the Pillar of Liberty was erected in the presence of " a vast concourse of people." Whether the. bust which had been " bespoken" on July 2d was never furnished, or whether it proved unsatisfactory is un certain, but in the succeeding February, Dr. Ames, with Rev. Mr. Haven and Mr. Battle, went to Bos ton and bespoke " Pitt's bust of Mr. Skillin." The Mr. Skillin referred to was a ship-carver, and those who remember the figure-heads of vessels fifty years ago, can form a good idea of the artistic merits of this bust of William Pitt. The pillar was originally placed on the corner of the common, in front of the DEDHAM. 53 meeting-house, directly opposite the tavern. It stood intact until about the beginning of the present cen tury, when the column and bust fell, and, after lying about the stone pedestal for a time, disappeared. After the building of the new court-house, in 1827, the pedestal was removed across the street to near its present location. Such, briefly, is the history of one of the oldest memorials now preserved in Ded ham, and it is worthy of better care of the present and coming generations than it has received from the past. Another monument of this period, when the minds ' of the people were turned to preparations for war, is the old powder-house, on the rock which bears its name, on Ames Street, near the river. As early as 1762 the town voted " to have the powder-house builded on a great rock in Aaron Fuller's land, near Charles River." The committee chosen did not per form their duty, and in May, 1765, two more persons were joined to the committee, and instructed to have the house built forthwith. It was finished in 1766, and was used for many years for the storage of am munition, probably as long as there were trained com panies in the parish. The town has very recently owned muskets and cartridge-boxes which have been handed down for many years. The town sent delegates to a convention held in Faneuil Hall in September, 1768. This convention of the towns of the province was called to protest against the encroachments of the crown. Immedi ately upon the adjournment of this convention, the squadron conveying the troops from Halifax, sent for by Governor Bernard, arrived and the selectmen refused them quarters. In March, 1770, all duties imposed by the act of 1767, except the tax on tea, were abolished. In the same year Dedham declared by vote, " That, as the duty on tea furnishes so large a sum towards the maintenance of innumerable multitudes, from the odious commissioner of customs down to the dirty informer by him employed, we will use no foreign tea, nor permit our families." In January, 1773 and 1774, the town passed similar resolutions, and a com mittee of correspondence was chosen. In Septem ber, 1774, the town met for the purpose of adopting measures to prevent the late acts of Parliament from being carried into effect, and chose delegates to the convention which subsequently passed the Suffolk resolves. A convention had been held in Stoughton in the preceding August, and was adjourned to meet at Woodward's tavern, in Dedham, on the 6th of September. It was then adjourned to Vose's tavern, in Milton, on the 9th of September, when the resolves were passed. But the time for resolutions and con ventions was wellnigh spent. Samuel Dexter and Abner Ellis were chosen delegates to the Provincial Congress in January, 1775, and in March, the town voted to raise a detached company of minute-men, consisting of sixty, to be drilled in the military art, three half-days in each week, and be ready to act on the shortest notice in case of an alarm. They were enlisted for nine months. Their pay was fixed, and the money was borrowed to pay them. We are now brought by the course of events to the very beginning of the Revolution. It was a century since the town was summoned to take an active part in Philip's war, the first real conflict of arms since the beginning of the settlement. During the last half of the century then passed, in the French wars, and in many expeditions and campaigns, Dedham men had been called upon to participate, and in 1775 there were not a few survivors of these veteran sol- diers. For the great conflict about to begin around Boston they were prepared, not only in spirit and resolution, but by military experience gained in real campaigns. CHAPTER VII. DEDHAM— (Continued). Dedham Village in 1775— Leading Men— Lexington Alarm— Minute-Men and Militia Companies March — Siege of Bos ton — Town Votes upon Question of Independence — Bounties for Soldiers — Parishes Raise Money by Taxation — Articles of Confederation Approved — Delegates to State Convention for forming Constitution — Expenses of Revolutionary War — Pecuniary Distress — Amendments to State Constitution Pro posed — Col. Daniel Whiting. In 1775 Dedham contained about seventeen hun dred inhabitants, who lived in four parishes, what is now Dover being the fourth. They were nearly all farmers, for there was then no compact village near the meeting-house of the First Parish. During the century then passed the inhabitants had removed to the other parishes, and the village had been aban doned except by the farmers. Near the meeting house stood the residence of Samuel Dexter, and di rectly opposite the parsonage, while a little farther east, stood Woodward's tavern. There were a few mechan ics, but no shop-keepers and no lawyers. There was a physician (Dr. Nathaniel Ames), and one school master, and he was employed only for a short time in one place. The farmers carried the products of their 54 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. farms to Boston for a market, though the roads were bad and circuitous. Among the articles they carried were peeled oak bark, hoop-poles, oak and pine tim ber for building, oak staves, ship timber, charcoal. and wood for fuel to some extent. Vegetables and produce from the gardens were carried in panniers. The generations of the preceding century had endured great hardships, and probably derived but a bare sub sistence from their labor. They had not only served as soldiers in tho French wars, but the taxation of their polls and estates to meet the expenses of these wars had been a drain upon their resources. More over, by the emission of bills of credit, the currency had so depreciated, that by the end of the wars eleven or twelve hundred pounds were not equal to more than a hundred pounds sterling. All these expenses had been met without obtaining any compensation from the mother-country. The generations then living were also deficient in education, as, in the pressure for money, the funds given for schools by Metcalf, Avery, Kingsbury, and Damon had been applied to other purposes, and the school lands in Needham had been sold to pay ordinary expenses. But they retained the strong love of civil and relig ious liberty of their ancestors, though somewhat nar rowed and intensified by political events and their own circumstances. The places of Lusher and Fisher of the first century were filled now by worthy succes sors. First and foremost among them should be named Samuel Dexter, who was usually the mode rator of the town-meetings and framer of the resolu tions then passed. He was a man of vigorous spirit, and gave liberally of his means to the patriotic cause. There was Dr. Nathaniel Ames the younger, the town physician, an ardent patriot, then in the thirty-fourth year of his age, his brother Fisher being then but seventeen. There were also Abner Ellis (Third Par ish), a deputy to the General Court; Richard Wood ward, of Woodward's tavern ; William Avery, repre sentative of an honored name in Dedham annals ; Capt. Joseph Guild and Capt. George Gould, men who held posts of trust and responsibility; and Capt. Aaron Fuller and Sergt. Isaac Bullard, names of fre quent recurrence in the town records, and who were afterwards deacons of the Dedham Church. The men of 1775 were now ready for further sac rifices and suffering in the maintenance of their liber ties. They had pledged themselves to stand with their brethren in the province in their resistance to British aggression, and they were prepared to redeem that pledge. There were five companies of militia in the town, corresponding to the number of the parishes except there were two in the First Parish. Besides these were the minute-men and an association of veterans of the French wars. Such were the names and characters of some of those who stood ready on Dedham soil to join their countrymen in the conflict about to open, and such was the preparation that had been made when, on the morning of the 19th of April, 1775, there came the messenger to bring to them the " Lexington alarm.'' We are told he came through Needham and Dover and probably the more direct routes were obstructed by the British. It was received a little after nine o'clock in the morning, so that the news had no doubt gone through the southern towns of Middlesex before reaching Dedham. The minute-men were ready to march as they had enlisted, " upon any emergency." There are traditions still kept of the plough being left in the furrow and of the team stopped in the highway and its driver mounting his horse and galloping for his musket and accoutrements. They did not wait for more than a platoon to gather before they started. Capt. Joseph Guild, of the minute- men, with his own hand silenced some croaker who said the alarm was false. As the day wore on, the militia companies mustered under their respective captains. The first company of the First Parish, with sixty-seven officers and men, were led by Capt. Aaron Fuller. A second company of seventeen men, under Capt. George Gould, with Richard Woodward as lieutenant, went probably from Dedham Island and that portion of West Roxbury formerly included in Dedham. Then the company of the Third Parish, under Capt. William Ellis, consisting of thirty-one men. Next in distance came the company of the South Parish, under Capt. William Bullard, with j sixty men. The company from the Fourth Parish (Dover), under Capt. Ebenezer Battle, with sixty- | seven officers and men, perhaps marched by another i route. Nor were these all. The veterans of the ! French wars, whose blood was stirred by the long- expected summons, gathered themselves upon the common before the meeting-house, and after a prayer j offered by Rev. Mr. Gordon, of Roxbury, followed their sons to the post of danger, led by Hezekiah J Fuller and Nathaniel Sumner. We are told that the town that day " was almost literally without a male inhabitant below the age of seventy and above that of sixteen." There were not less than three hundred men under arms, including the minute-men and the militia and excluding the veterans. It is not known where the Dedham sol diers met the British on the retreat towards Boston, but of those who actually participated in the conflict one (Elias Haven) was killed and one (Israel Everett) DEDHAM. 55 wounded. The former was from the Fourth Parish, and was the son of Deacon Joseph Haven, and was "thirty-three years old at the time of his death. He left a son and a daughter. He is supposed to have been killed in Cambridge. There were two named Israel Everett in the Dedham companies. The father " was a sergeant in Capt. Gould's company, and served three days. The son, called Israel Everett, Jr., served in Capt. Aaron Fuller's company, and is no doubt the one who was wounded, as the roll shows that he served but one day. He was probably the same Israel Everett who is named in the Everett genealogy as the son of Israel, born Oct. 13, 1744. The rolls of all these companies, containing the names, time of service, and number of miles traveled, signed and attested by their respective captains, are carefully arranged and preserved at the State-House, with the names of the thousands who on that day marched at the Lexington alarm. It would seem from these rolls that the companies from the First Parish marched out about fourteen miles, and the companies from the other parishes marched about twice that distance. These facts would indicate that they did not go beyond Cam bridge. The minute company was kept in service about a fortnight, and the rest from three to ten days. During the month of April, companies of soldiers from the southerly parts of the province and from Rhode Island were constantly passing through Ded ham in large numbers. Some of the provincial cannon were removed to Dedham on the 28th of the month. All was tumult and confusion. In May, the town voted to raise one hundred and twenty men in the parishes, to be ready to march on an alarm, and to be raised by the several militia officers of the town. The minute-men were to assemble for two months, three half-days in the week, to learn their duty. The privates in the two companies were to be paid at the rate of four shillings a day while in actual service. Committees were appointed to pro cure guns and ammunition, to establish a night-watch, and to cause the great gun of King Philip's war " to be swung." Samuel Dexter announced that he would give his time, trouble, and expense in serving the town at the Congress, and Ebenezer Brackett was chosen to guard the cannon. The Dedham soldiers were part of the provincial army then concentrating around Boston, with head quarters at Cambridge. They probably did not par ticipate in the action on Bunker's Hill. During the succeeding winter they formed a portion of the force engaged in the siege of Boston on Dorchester Heights. After the evacuation of Boston by the British, in March, 1776, they marched to Ticon- deroga, to Canada, and other points, and some moved with the army to New York. On the 4th of April, 1776, Gen. Washington spent the night in Dedham on his way to New York. There is a tradition that he was entertained at the residence of Mr. Dexter. At the November session of the General Court in 1775, an act was passed reciting that, whereas Boston is now made a garrison by the ministerial army, and become a common receptacle for the enemies of America, it provides that Dedham should be the shire-town of Suffolk, and that the courts should be held there and at Braintree. The books of record and papers from the registry of deeds were also removed to Dedham. On the 27th of May, 1776, in the warrant for the town-meeting in March, there having been an article " to know the minds of the town about coming into. a state of independency," after several adjournments, the town unanimously voted that if the honorable Congress shall declare the colonies independent of Great Britain, the inhabitants will solemnly engage to support it in that measure with their lives and fortunes. In July of the same year, the towns in the province having been required to procure their proportion of soldiers in two levies, Dedham voted a bounty of seven pounds in addition to the other wages of the soldiers in enlisting. Sev enty men received this bounty. A committee was chosen to provide for families in distress. Com mittees of safety and correspondence were chosen for the year and the subsequent years of the war. The aggregate amount of service by the soldiers of the town during this year must have been equal to fifty-five men employed twelve months each. Upon the records of the First Parish there is recorded a report, made by Capt. Joseph Guild, showing the number of soldiers from the First Parish during 1775- 76, and the amounts of the bounties paid to them. By this report it appeared, that fifty-five soldiers from the First Parish only had served during 1776, whose aggregate services were equal to twenty men employed twelve months each. In February, 1777, the town voted a bounty of twenty-four pounds to each man who would enlist for three years or during the war. Forty-nine soldiers received this bounty. Afterwards each parish assumed the payment of the bounties to soldiers belonging to it, and raised the money by taxation. In 1778 the First Parish imposed a tax upon its inhabitants of four thousand four hundred and eighty pounds. The Second Parish in 1777 raised their quota of men for the Continental service without using any bounty-money of the town. 56 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. In 1778 the First Parish alone had thirty-three men employed one month near Boston, seventeen men in other places, and thirty men in the army. The selectmen, militia officers, and special committees were authorized and requested to procure soldiers and borrow money. In January, 1778, the town approved the articles of confederation of the colonies. In May a form of State constitution proposed by the Provincial Congress was approved' by the town, though it was rejected by a large majority in the province. The next year the town instructed its representative to vote for a convention for the pur pose of proposing a form of State government to the people. In July the Rev. Jason Haven and Dr. John Sprague were chosen delegates to the conven tion for forming a new constitution. In 1779, eight thousand pounds were assessed towards defraying the expense of hiring soldiers. In 1780, the committee appointed the last year to hire soldiers reported that they had performed that ser vice, and had paid them twelve thousand pounds ; the number employed was sixty-six, and the amount of service equivalent to twenty-two men twelve months each. During this and subsequent years of the war a demand was made for a supply of beef for the army. To meet this demand, the sum of one hundred thou sand pounds was assessed upon the inhabitants, and eight thousand pounds "more for horses. The com mittee authorized to hire soldiers this year reported that they were unable to procure any ; but a small number were afterwards hired, and twenty-six men drafted from the companies to complete the required number. Great difficulties arose in collecting; the taxes on account of the fluctuations of the paper currency, then much depreciated. This is the ex planation of the apparently large sums raised by tax ation. The credit of the town was bad and money scarce, and a deduction of two shillings on the pound was made to persons who made prompt payment of their taxes. Worthington, in his history, estimates the annual expenditures of the town during the war at about eight thousand dollars, federal currency. The nominal amount of the expenditures very imper fectly denotes the weight of the burden. In 1781 two thousand pounds in lawful money, or its equiva lent in Continental currency, was granted to defray the expenses of hiring soldiers. The towu chose a committee to remonstrate to the General Court that it has been called upon to raise more than its propor tion of men. It is obvious from the recorded votes of the town during the war that the burden of taxation was very great, and that the inhabitants suffered much pecuni ary distress. They were all farmers, and had but little money. That the war had exhausted their means of payment appears quite manifest, for, not withstanding their strong attachment to the cause to which they had pledged their lives and fortunes, they at last complained to the General Court. In the common cause the people acted and suffered with great unanimity. The strong current of popular feeling ran in one direction, and the public doings of the town were harmonious. They had the leadership and advice of able and competent men, and neither the records nor tradition disclose any opposition to the support which the town gave to the patriotic cause in the American Revolution The treatment of the Rev. William Clark and the other inoffensive members of the Church of England has already been described. That he was forced to leave his home and his country without being jruilty of any real offense, would seem to be established by the fact that a committee of the town had onee ex amined the charge against him and dismissed it, ex pressing themselves as satisfied, and that they disap proved of the action of his accusers. The interest taken in him by Dr. Nathaniel Ames after his trial at Boston would also confirm this view. His expul sion must be set down as one of those acts done where the public mind is wrought up by excitement upon a great occasion, of which every civil war fur nishes a parallel, and, while unjustifiable, must be pardoned to the spirit of liberty. It is said there was a prominent citizen of the town who was a loyalist, and, although a military man, he took no part in the war, but he remained undisturbed. The Revolution imposed upon the people the neces sity of forming a State government, and upon the sub mission of the constitution to the people, the town unanimously voted to adopt the preamble and most of the articles, but some were objected to, and a com mittee of fifteen was chosen to report amendments. These amendments were that all religious denomina tions should be equally protected ; that judges should hold their offices for seven years instead of during good behavior ; that clergymen should be ineligible to the office of representative, and that the salary of the Governor and judges should not be increased for the first five years after their appointment. These amend ments were adopted by the town, and are quite sig nificant of the political views and temper of the people. In the appendix to Mr. Haven's centennial address (1836), there are given the names of one hundred and six men who served in the war of independence. The first name in the list is that of Col. Daniel Whit- DEDHAM. 57 ing, who was probably the most prominent officer from Dedham. He was born in that part of Dedham which is now Dover, Feb. 5, 1732-33. He served in the French wars, and at the Lexington alarm he marched as lieutenant of one of the companies, and was also captain during the siege of Boston. He afterwards served in the Continental army at Ticon- deroga. At the attack on Cherry Valley, N. Y., led by Walter Butler, a savage Tory, with Joseph Brant, the Mohawk chief, the fort was defended by Col. Ichabod Alden's regiment, of which he was major. Col. Alden was killed and Maj. Whiting succeeded to the command. He served during the whole of the war, and died at Natick in February, 1808, and was buried at Dover. CHAPTER VIII. DEDHAM— ( Continued). Second Parish — Rev. Jabez Chickering — Third Parish — Rev. Thomas Thacher — Fourth Parish Incorporated as a District under the name of Dover — Shay's Rebellion — Incorporation of Norfolk County — Episcopal Church — Rev. William Mon tague—Old Church Removed and Rebuilt — Fisher Ames ; Sketch of His Life — Edward Dowse — Rev. Jason Haven — Church Covenant of 1793 — Division in the Third Parish — New Meeting-House — About Sixty Members Withdraw to the Baptist Society in Medfield — Second Parish and Church — ' Rev, William Coggswell. Although for eight years the town had been dis turbed in its internal affairs by the burdens of the war, still they did not suffer the vacancies in the office of pastor to go unfilled. In the Second Parish Mr. Balch died in 1774, and on the third day of July, 1776, the Rev. Jabez Chickering was ordained as his successor. He was born in the Fourth, or Springfield Parish of Dedham, now Dover, Nov. 4, 1753, and was graduated at Harvard College in 1774. He studied theology in his native town under the direc tion of the Rev. Benjamin Caryl. He married Miss Hannah Balch, a daughter of his predecessor, April 22, 1777. During the early portion of his ministry the public mind was occupied with the Rev olutionary struggle, and the number of additions made to the church during his long ministry is said to have been small. His parish was harmonious, however, and he continued its pastor for thirty-five years and eight months. He died March 12, 1812, in his fifty- ninth year. He was a man of excellent repute in the churches, but he left no printed discourses. In the Third Parish, the vacancy occasioned by the dismission of Rev. Andrew Tyler in 1772 was filled June 7, 1780, by the Rev. Thomas Thacher, who was born in Boston Oct. 24, 1756, and was a son of Oxen bridge Thacher, Esq. He was graduated at Harvard College in 1775. He was a man of excellent abilities, and about twenty of his discourses were published. He was a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and was a delegate from Dedham to the convention for adopting the Constitution of the United States in 1787, with Fisher Ames as the other dele gate. It was during his ministry in 1808 that a divi sion occurred in this parish respecting the location of a new meeting-house, and a portion of the parish withdrew and afterwards were members of a Baptist Society in the same territorial parish. Mr. Thacher was opposed to the Calvinistic theology, and by his will he gave his farm of twenty acres, and personal estate amounting to three hundred and sixty-five dol lars, upon the condition that the parish should dis solve its connection with any pastor who should adopt the Calvinistic or Hopkinsian creed. He died Oct. 19, 1812, in the fifty-sixth year of his age, and the thirty-third of his ministry. He never married, and in his manners was somewhat eccentric, but was much respected for his character and abilities. In 1784 the Fourth Parish was incorporated as a dis trict, with the name of Dover. Its first minister, the Rev. Benjamin Caryl, survived until 1811. Dover was incorporated as a town, March 31, 1836. During the Revolutionary period, the town was accustomed to give minute instructions to its repre sentatives in the General Court. In 1786, they in structed Nathaniel Kingsbury, its representative, to attempt the reduction of taxes by reducing the sala ries of public officers, by lopping off unnecessary de partments of government, by abolishing the Courts of Quarter Sessions, by regulating the practice of lawyers or totally abolishing them ; also to use his utmost efforts to procure a division of the county, to oppose the emission of a paper currency, to encour age manufactures, and to prevent the introduction of foreign luxuries. It is obvious, from the language of these instructions, that there was a considerable num ber of sympathizers with the promoters of the insur rection known as Shay's Rebellion in 1786. But in September of that year the town promised to use strenuous exertions in support of the government, and in October a committee appointed to report a list of grievances made their report, protesting against treasonable and riotous proceedings, and proposing, as remedies for existing evils, private economy, industry, and frugality. The General Court, by an act passed March 26, 1793, which took effect on June 20th, incorporated 58 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. the county of Norfolk, including all the towns of Suf folk, except Boston and Chelsea. Hingham and Hull were excepted by an act passed subsequently. Dedham was made the shire-town. This had been the desire of the people for many years, and at several periods since 1726 it had been the subject of votes and reso lutions in the towns. The local position of Dedham probably determined its selection as the shire-town, although several other towns were proposed, among them Medfield, and it was also proposed that several towns of Middlesex County should be united with this county. A wooden court-house and jail were finished in 1795. The court-house stood on the west side of Court Street, fronting the meeting-house common, while the jail stood near the corner of High land and Court Streets. Until the erection of a court-house the courts were held in the meetinsr- o house. In 1792, the Rev. William Montague, who was born at South Hadley, Mass., Sept. 23, 1757, and was graduated at Dartmouth College in 1784, came to Dedham. He had been admitted to orders as deacon and priest in the Episcopal Church of the United States by Bishop Seabury in 1787. He was no doubt attracted to Dedham by the condition of the Colburn estate, which had now fallen to the Epis copal Church upon the decease of Mrs. Colburn. He took an especial interest in the recovery of glebe- lands which had been given for the Episcopal Church in New Hampshire and Vermont, as well as in Mas sachusetts, during the time he was in Dedham. He found here scarcely more than a handful of the old churchmen remaining. During the period which had passed since Mr. Clark's departure, in 1778, the services of the Episcopal Church had been suspended, except on a few occasions, when Dr. Parker, of Boston, officiated. The old half-finished church, then called Christ Church, was standing, but its windows were broken and it was much dilapidated. It was made a depository of miltary stores during the war, but it had been afterwards cleared for public worship at the request of Dr. Parker. The trustee who had resisted the urgent request of Mr. Clark, to set apart the church-acre according to the provisions of the will of Samuel Colburn, had also suffered great and unnecessary waste to be committed upon the rest of the estate. Probably he was embarrassed, if not overawed, by the intense hostility which then existed towards, the Episcopal Church. Twelve persons as sembled and agreed with Mr. Montague that he should become rector, and wardens and vestrymen were chosen. The income of the estate was vested in him for fifteen years, and he was to receive fifty pounds sterling per annum for preaching every other Sunday, and at the end of that time he was to have one hundred pounds sterling per annum. He was to have liberty to reside in Boston, Cambridge, Brain tree, or Dedham. At the same time, Mr. Montague was authorized to settle the affairs of the church relative to the lands, leases were to be executed, and the prices, shape, and dimensions of the lots were to be fixed by him. In February, 1794, he procured an act to be passed by the General Court by which the rector, wardens, and vestrymen were authorized to lease the lands and to do all necessary corporate acts. Mr. Montague was his own surveyor and con veyancer, and the divisions of the lots and the lines of the streets bounding and intersecting them are the work of his hand. A considerable portion of the land was alienated. As the church lands occupied a cen tral situation in Dedham village, there was a demand for lots, and Mr. Montague was frequently brought in contact with the people in a manner which led to dis trust and misunderstandings. He continued to offici ate in the church at irregular intervals until 1811, when he ceased, although he claimed to be rector at a subsequent time. Moreover, his accounts in the management and leasing of the lands, being unsettled and involved, became the subject of disputes with the members of his parish, and afterwards of litigation. Finally, in 1818 about thirty persons, including all the members of the parish, obtained a new act of in corporation giving the church control of the estate, and in July of that year Mr. Montague was suspended from the ministry, upon his' resignation, by Bishop Griswold. He died in Dedham, July 22, 1833. The old church was repaired, pews built, and an organ put up in 1795. In 1797 it was voted to re move the church to vacant land on what is now Church Street, on Franklin Square. The church was moved to this new location, but while raising it to the proposed height, the timbers supporting it gave way, the whole structure fell, and was broken in frag ments. The rebuilding of the church was begun, only a portion of the old church being used. This work was carried on during several years, and it was not finished until 1806. It was constructed with a basement, originally intended for an academy by Mr. Montague, but which afterwards was used for storage. The entrance to the church was by means of a double flight of steps rising parallel with the front on Church Street. It had a recessed chancel, with pulpit and reading-desk in front of the chancel-rail, and a gal lery at the opposite end, in which was an organ. It was painted in fresco, with Grecian columns and cor nices. It was surmounted with a belfry, and in DEDHAM. 59 1818 a bell was placed in it by subscription. In 1803, Madam Esther Sprague gave five hundred dol lars to the church, and Madam Elizabeth Sumner gave two hundred and fifty dollars for a library or plate. In 1813 there were thirteen communicants and twenty families belonging to the parish. After the reorganization of the parish, which during the time Mr. Montague continued to be the rector, was known as Christ Church, the church was repaired and opened for divine service on the last Sunday of October, 1818. From that time, services were continued without interruption, sometimes by the neighboring clergy, and from Easter, 1819, until the beginning of 1821, the Rev. Cheever Felch, a chaplain in the navy, officiated. On the 22d day of November, 1821, the Rev. Isaac Boyle, having been elected rector, was formally instituted into that office by Bishop Griswold. In the spring or summer of 1793, Fisher Ames, after an absence of a few years, returned to Dedham, and from this time he made his permanent residence there. He was born in Dedham, April 9, 1758, and was the youngest child of Dr. Nathaniel Ames. His mother was Deborah Fisher, the daughter of Jeremiah Fisher, from whom he took his first name. His father died when he was but six years old, and his early train ing was left to his mother, a woman of excellent capa city and strength of character. He early began the study of Latin, and was instructed partly in the town school when the teacher happened to be capable of teaching him, and partly by the Rev. Mr. Haven, min ister of the Dedham Church. In 1770, soon after he was twelve years old, he entered Harvard College, where he was graduated in 1774. He was too young during his college course to master the sciences then taught, but he was remarkably attentive to his studies, and his mind was quick and accurate. He excelled in the classics and the literary exercises. His declama tions were remarkable for their energy and propriety, and he sometimes spoke an original theme and wrote some verses. He had a poetic imagination, which he showed in his prose writings afterwards, but he never confessed to being a poet. After his graduation in 1774, on account of his youth and the troubles inci dent to the outbreak of the Revolution, as well as the limited resources of his mother, he did not begin his professional studies for some years. During this pe riod he was engaged for a time in teaching school, and he did military service in some expedition to places in Massachusetts or to the Rhode Island fron tier. He continued his studies, revising his course in the Latin classics, and reading history, both ancient and modern. He was especially fond of poetry, and was familiar with Shakspeare and Milton. He studied law with William Tudor in Boston, where he was admitted to the bar in 1781. He probably began practice in Dedham, although at that time there could have been but little litigation. But he em ployed his pen in writing a series of political essays for the Independent Chronicle, under the names of Lucius Junius Brutus and Camillus, upon the questions which agitated the people of Massachusetts during Shay's Rebellion. The vigor of thought and style of these essays attracted attention, and they may be regarded as the beginning of his public career, since they first introduced him to prominent public men. He was chosen a delegate to the convention for rati fying the Federal Constitution, held in 1788, of which he was an ardent supporter. He made his first speech in this convention upon biennial elec tions. He was elected also to the Legislature of 1788. He produced such an impression upon the public mind by his speeches and essays, that he was chosen the representative to the first Congress from the Suffolk District, which office he held during the whole of Washington's administration, a period of eight years. His congressional career was brilliant and successful. Probably in the galaxy of statesmen and orators, for which this period of American history was so remarkable, there was no man who produced a greater impression as an orator and political writer than Fisher Ames. He was a Federalist of the school of Hamilton, Jay, and Pickering, and his later essays are worthy of being ranked with the papers of the " Federalist." As a political writer his fame has been as enduring as it was brilliant. The few speeches which have been published were prob ably imperfectly reported, and while characterized by an elevated tone of thought and vigorous expression, yet much of the profound impression which they produced must have been due to the circumstances under which they were delivered. On the 15th day of July, 1792, he married Frances, the third daughter of the Hon. John Worthing ton, of Springfield, of whom President Dwight, of Yale College, said, " He was a lawyer of the first emi nence and a man who would have done honor to any town and any country." After his marriage, Mr. Ames kept house in Boston until the succeeding spring. In 1791 he had opened a law-office on King, now State Street. The formation of the new county of Norfolk doubtless determined his removal to Dedham. In November, 1795, he finished his substantial mansion, built upon his patrimonial estate, near the old house where his mother continued to reside. His law-office in Dedham was on the corner of the meeting-house 60 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. common, near the "Pillar of Liberty." About the time he removed to his new residence his health sud denly failed in a dangerous and alarming manner, and for the remainder of his life he never fully recovered it. In a letter dated Dec. 9, 1795, referring to a party of his neighbors to partake of a supper in his new house, he speaks of lying down " to prepare himself for sitting up and talking, and husbanding his words till the supper was done." In another let ter he speaks of weighing one hundred and forty-four pounds, which was thirty less than his utmost in health. In August of the same year he writes, " Court week is over and I am alive and beginning to take long breath. Not half the jury actions were tried. My share of them kept me in a throng of people at my own house, and on the way to and from court, and there the heat, the crowd, and the effect of speaking, almost did me over." From the close of his congressional career in 1797, Mr. Ames spent the most of his time upon his estate in Dedham. He practiced his profession in Suffolk and Norfolk, and had his health permitted he would have devoted himself to the law. But he took great satis faction in the care of his farm. He makes frequent allusions in his letters written at this time to his large stock of cattle ; to the productiveness of his cows • to his breed of sheep ; to his sixty swine ; to his de sire to get the best of garden seeds ; to his belief that his farm is approaching the period when it will he profitable, and adding that " if he did not think it would be, it would not be an amusement; it would be a mere piece of ostentation on any other prospect, an expensive folly, a toilsome disappointment." Mr. Ames was deeply interested in the growth and development of his native town. Writing to Thomas Dwight in 1795, he says, " Dedham will never become more than a village, but it is growing up to be a smart one;" and after describing the new house of Judge Haven then building, and the establishing of a mill for printing calico and muslin, ho resumes, " This, if true, will look very like bragging. But is there not a cold, hard spot in that heart which is indifferent to the natale solum f Philosophers affect to despise such attachments, and few who do not feel them will dve them quarter. The growth of the place I live in concerns my profit and pleasure, and it seems to me there is reason, if not philosophy, for my taking an interest in the event," He had a desire to cultivate social relations with his neighbors. After alluding to having invited thirty to his house to a supper, he continues, " Although it is a reproach that so much company has been so unsocial, I do not despair with proper help of regenerating Dedham in this respect." He was active in attempting to improve the ex. ternal appearance of the village. In 1800 he writes " I went home yesterday to attend town-meeting. After a long and rather wrangling contest, sometimes outvoted, at last prevailing, we carried it to apply nine huudred dollars by way of contract to our roads" and concludes. " I am sick of town-meeting. I took no refreshment, but stayed many hours in the meet ing-house, and am two-thirds dead in consequence," Soon after he writes again, " We have done as well with our road through our village as we did ill in the meeting-house. The whole, from Mr. Joe Lewis' up to Parson Wight's, is an elegant road, equal to a turnpike, all ploughed, and raked and rounded off, so that all admired, and many will, I hope, imitate it. It was done by subscription." He was interested in schools ; in a scheme for bringing water in logs to the western part of our plain ; in the building of the Boston and Providence Turnpike, of which corpora tion he was the first president ; in the making of a public square in the centre of the village ; in the draining of the meadows on Charles River ; in the straightening and widening of the roads ; in the es tablishment of an academy, a library, and the build ing of a new meeting-house and a town-house for holding meetings and the safe-keeping of the records. He planted the elms on High Street, of which but few remain, the only memorials of the taste and public spirit of Fisher Amos. With his declining health and strength, he was unable to overcome with his per suasions and arguments the determined opposition of the sturdy farmers from the other parishes to the orna mentation and improvement of the village, which has not disappeared in the lapse of three-quarters of a century. Had the suggestions of Mr. Ames been adopted in his time, Dedham village would have been the " loveliest village of the plain." The only public office which Mr. Ames held after wards was that of councilor, when Increase Sumner was Governor. He received the degree of Doctor of Laws from the College of New Jersey in 1796. In 1804 he was chosen president of Harvard College, but he declined the office. In 1S00, by request of the Legislature, he delivered an eulogy upon Wash ington, which has been much admired. The most attractive side of Mr. Ames' character is revealed, through his familiar letters. Those which have been published are written with a remarkably facile pen, and are full of brightness and wit. They give us an idea of his personality and of his conver sational powers, for which he was distinguished. We desire to know more of his social and domestic char acter, and it is to be regretted that no memoir of DEDHAM. 61 personal recollections was written by one of his con temporaries. The essay by President Kirkland, pub lished with his works, is rather an estimate of his character and services, than a biography. Fisher Ames died on the morning of July 4, 1808, being little more than fifty years of age. He had a public funeral in Boston, at which his friend Samuel Dexter pronounced the eulogy. He was buried in the old burial-ground in Dedham village. Mrs. Ames resided in Dedham until after the decease of her eldest son, John Worthington Ames, in 1833, after which she resided with her son, Seth Ames, at Lowell until her death, Aug. 8, 1837. The mansion- house was sold in 1837, and nothing but the frame now remains in the main portion of the residence of Mr. F. J. Stimson, opposite the court-house. Fisher Ames was the youngest child in a family of five children. His eldest brother was Dr. Na thaniel Ames, who was born Oct. 9, 1741, and was graduated at Harvard College in 1761. He married Melitiah Shuttleworth, March 13, 1775, and died July 21, 1822, leaving no children. He was a practicing physician, and he also was the first clerk of the Court of Sessions and Court of Common Pleas in the county. He built and occupied the house now owned by Dr. J. P. Maynard, and his land joined that of his brother Fisher. Dr. Ames was pronounced in his political views, and he was a thoroughgoing Republican. Between the two brothers there was no agreement in politics, and this led to heated controversies between them, but it should be added that this did not destroy their fraternal affection and confidence. Another brother was Dr. Seth Ames, born Feb. 14, 1743; was graduated at Harvard College in 1764; was a sur geon in the Revolutionary army, and died Jan. 1, 1778. William Ames, another brother, died young, and Deborah, a sister, was married to Rev. Samuel Shuttleworth, of Windsor, Vt., who was afterwards a member of the bar. Fisher Ames had six children. John Worthing ton was the eldest, born Oct. 22, 1793 ; was gradu ated at Harvard College in 1813 ; was a member of the bar; representative to the General Court and president of the Dedham Bank, and died Oct. 31, 1833. Nathaniel, the second son, entered Harvard, but left during his college course and went to sea. He was the author of " Mariner's Sketches," a book which attracted some attention. Jeremiah Fisher Ames, the third son, was graduated at Harvard Col lege in 1822, was educated as a physician, and pur sued his studies abroad, but he died at the age of twenty-seven. Hannah Ames, a daughter, died young and unmarried. William Ames was bred to business, but retired early. He lived in Dedham until his death, in 1880, though he was accustomed to make annual visits to Springfield and other places. All these children died unmarried. Seth Ames, who was born April 19, 1805, and was graduated at Har vard College in 1825, and who was chief justice of the Superior Court and a justice of the Supreme Ju dicial Court, died in 1881, leaving several children, none of whom reside in Dedham. The youngest son, Richard, removed to the West when a young man, and died, leaving a family in Bloomington, 111. There is no living representative of the Ames family in Dedham. The most conspicuous and illustrious name in its history has disappeared from among its citizens. In 1798, Mr. Edward Dowse, a retired merchant from Boston, purchased the lands on either side of High Street, and soon after built his mansion-house upon the north side of the street. He married the daughter of William Phillips, of Boston, a wealthy merchant, and her sister, Mrs. Shaw, the widow of Maj. Samuel Shaw, lived with them. Mr. Dowse was a hospitable and liberal-spirited gentleman, and was the donor of the clock in the spire of the meet ing-house, which still strikes the hours for the village. He was a Republican, and was elected to Congress in 1819 from the Norfolk District, but resigned his seat at the close of the first session. In this house Presi dent Monroe was entertained during his visit to Bos ton. Mr. Dowse died in 1828, in his seventy-third year. Mrs. Shaw died in 1833, and Mrs. Dowse in 1839, and then the estate passed into the possession of their nephew, Hon. Josiah Quincy, and was the resi dence for many years of the late Edmund Quincy. On the 17th of May, 1803, the Rev. Jason Haven, the minister of the First Church, died, in the seventy- first year of his age, and the forty-eighth of his ministry, which was longer than that, of either of his predecessors. It also included a period of many important events. It began when Massachusetts was a province under a royal Governor. Mr. Haven, during the Revolution, was a strong supporter of the patriotic cause, and did much to sustain the people in their sacrifices during this trying period. He was chosen a member of the Constitutional Convention of 1779. In 1793, the church covenant aud the mode of admitting church members were changed. The covenant then adopted was very brief, and does not contain articles of belief, like that of 1767. Its only requirement was a belief in the Christian religion. The effects of the Revo lution upon the opinions of men in religious matters were now beginning to be seen in that spirit of indif ference to the dogmas of the Puritan theology which 62 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. was to culminate twenty-five years later in open revolt. But to Mr. Haven, supported by his deacons and the church, is due especial honor for having so managed the church property that the income remained for a long time untouched, and the capital accumulated, the parish expenses meantime being met by taxation, and at a time of pecuniary distress. Probably no pastor of the Dedham Church, with the possible exception of Mr. Allin, had ever exer cised so strong an influence upon his people as Mr. Haven. He was a faithful pastor and preacher. He had talents and gifts which qualified him for the varied duties of his sacred office. His sermons were perspicuous and direct. He had all the gravity and dignity which belonged to the ministerial character, and Dr. Prentiss, in his funeral sermon, says of him that, " from a personal intimacy of more than thirty years, I can, with pleasing confidence, add that in his temper and life there appeared an habitual correspond ence with his professional character." Mr. Haven preached the Artillery Election sermon in 1761, the General Election sermon in 1769, the Dudleian lecture in 1789, and the Convention sermon in 1791. These were printed, and also eleven ordina tion and occasional sermons. In 1796 he preached an excellent historical sermon, it being forty years after his settlement in the ministry. He also preached a half-century sermon, " relating to changes in the inhabitants," as stated in Dr. Lamson's " Historical Discourses" (1838), but no copy probably exists. As in the last years of Mr. Haven's life his health and strength declined, the church extended a call to Mr. Joshua Bates to become an associate pastor, and he was ordained March 16, 1803, only a few weeks before Mr. Haven's death. Mr. Bates was a native of Cohasset, and was born March 20, 1776, and was graduated at Harvard College in 1800. He was licensed to preach by the Andover Association in 1802. Dr. Bates continued to be the pastor until Feb. 20, 1818, when he resigned to accept an elec tion as president of Middlebury College, in Vermont. Upon the Sunday preceding the dissolution of the pastoral relation, Mr. Bates preached a sermon re viewing the ministry of his predecessors, and in which he alludes to " a gradual but evident declen sion in the zeal and spirituality of the church" which took place towards the close of Mr. Haven's life. Mr. Haven also had left an address to be read to his people after his death, which contains warnings and exhortations. Mr. Bates, in his sermon, states, how ever, there had been a gradual improvement for several years in the state of religion in the parish. From these expressions in Mr. Bates' sermon it is easy to understand what has been affirmed by con- temporaneous history to be the causes of the division of opinions and belief in the Dedham Church, There had been, as we have seen, a relaxation of the articles of belief contained in the former church cov enants in that of 1793, and a reaction had been going on since the close of the Revolution throughout this country against the dogmas of Calvinism. The volcano which had long been slumbering was ready to burst into an active eruption. Mr. Bates was a Cal- vinist, and while his abilities, his piety, and his un exceptionable life served to repress any active oppo sition during his ministry, yet when he asked a dismission, the majority voted for it willingly, in the belief that a successor might be ordained whose views would be more compatible with their own. The division which occurred in the Third Parish in 1808, growing out of the location of the new meeting-house, resulted in the union of the seceding members with the Baptist Society in Medfield. They numbered about sixty. While the new doc trines which they heard at Medfield doubtless proved offensive to some, yet the law then compelled them to belong to some religious society for the purpose of taxation, and so they remained. After the new meeting-house of the parish had been completed, the old one was advertised to be sold at public auction. It was purchased by Mr. Aaron Baker, who offered it to the seceders, and it was taken down and its timbers were removed and erected upon the site now occupied by the Baptist meeting-house in West Ded ham. This was in the spring of 1810. The meet ing-house was finally completed, and dedicated to the service of Almighty God on Thanksgiving-day, Nov. 28, 1810. From that time until 1823 the Rev. Mr. Gammell preached alternately here and at Medfield. The number who took letters from the church in Medfield for this church was twenty-five, and Nov. 1, 1824, " The First Baptist Church in Dedham" was duly formed, and the Rev. Samuel Adlam ordained as its first pastor. In the same year a parsonage was built by Miss Molly Fisher, and during her life she kept it in repair, and at her decease, in 1837, she gave it to the church by her will. On the 1st day of March, 1809, the new meeting house of the Third Parish was dedicated to Almighty God. It occupies an elevated situation, and can be seen for many miles. The land upon which it stands was given for the purpose. Its bell was a gift from Hon. Joshua Fisher, of Beverly. The pulpit was furnished by the ladies of the parish, and subscriptions were made, so that in 1836 the fund amounted to upwards of five thousand dollars. Previous to 1817 DEDHAM. 63 heated bricks and foot-stoves were the only heating- apparatus in the meeting-house. The Rev. Mr. Thacher preached a sermon, on leaving the ancient meeting-house, from the text, " Our fathers worshiped in this mountain." At the dedication of the new meet ing-house the Rev. Mr. Bates, of the First Parish, and the Rev. Mr. Chickering, of the Second Parish, took part in the exercises. In the Second Parish, more than three years elapsed before the settlement of a successor to Mr. Chickering. On the 26th of April, 1815, Mr. Wil liam Cogswell was ordained as the minister of the parish. He was a native of New Hampshire, and was a graduate of Dartmouth College in 1811. Mr. Cogswell continued to be the pastor of this church until 1829, when he resigned to become secretary of the American Education Society. During the min istry of each of the first three pastors of the Second Church and Parish, peace and harmony had prevailed within it, while discords and divisions prevailed in the other parishes of the town. The ministry of the first two pastors covered a period of more than seventy-two years, and to this circumstance, as well as to the per sonal character and influence of the incumbents, is to be ascribed the exemption of this parish from church quarrels. Mr. Cogswell preached a sermon, June 23, 1816, containing a brief history of the South Church and Parish, which was printed. In 1828 the meet ing-house erected in 1769 was taken down, and the present one was erected the same year, and dedicated Oct. 9, 1828. CHAPTER IX. DEDHAM— ( Continued). Dedham in the Beginning of the Present Century — Manufac turing Corporations — Mill Privileges on Mother Brook — War of 1812 — Legacy for Schools in Will of Samuel Dexter — The First Church — Resignation of Rev. Joshua Bates — Parish Elect Rev. Alvan Lamson — Majority of Church Refuse to Concur — Ecclesiastical Council — Protest by a Majority of the Church — Ordination of Mr. Lamson — Suit at Law to Recover Church Property — Decision of Supreme Court — New Meeting-House Society Formed — Rev. Ebenezer Burgess — Improvements in Old Meeting-House — Third Parish — Rev. John White — Second Parish, Rev. Harrison 6. Park, Rev. Calvin Durfee and his Successors — Description of Dedham Village in 1818 — Dedham Bank — New Jail and Court-House — Town-House — Norfolk Mutual Fire Insurance Company — Dedham Mutual Fire Insurance Company — Dedham In stitution for Savings — Gen. Lafayette's Visit — Gen. Jack son's Visit. In the beginning of the present century, Dedham remained a farming town, with a population nearly the same as it had been for fifty years previous. The occupations of the people had not changed materially since the period preceding the Revolution. A greater interest in the public schools was manifested, and a new brick school-house, near the meeting-house, was finished in 1800. In 1804, the sum of twelve hun dred dollars was granted by the town for the support of schools. At this period, however, the schools were kept only a few weeks during the winter. Fisher Ames, in one of his letters, expresses the opinion that the law should require the district school to be kept a certain number of months. In 1799, the money granted for the support of schools was divided accord ing to the number of scholars in each district between the ages of five and sixteen. There were signs of present and future growth in population, and in the external appearance of the village. Besides the erec tion of the fine houses on High Street and elsewhere, the lands of the First Church and of the Episcopal Church were leased in village lots, and a number of smaller houses were built. The fact that Dedham had been made the shire-town of the new county, gave it some additional importance, and attracted hither lawyers seeking practice, and some retired men of wealth seeking a pleasant country residence. The completion of the Norfolk and Bristol turnpike in 1804 was an important event, since it afforded a direct and well-graded road between Dedham and Boston, and afterwards led to the establishment of the stage-lines between Boston and Providence, which brought in the business of coach-making, and gave the appearance of bustle and life to the quiet village, when the stages stopped for change of horses. In 1801, a fire-engine was purchased by subscription and presented to the town, and a company of twelve men appointed to take charge of it at the upper vil lage. In 1802 a second fire-engine was provided in the same way, with a company of eighteen men at Dedham village. There was a uniformed military company, known as the Union Light Infantry, and a troop of cavalry, besides the three militia companies in the town. The town on the 22d of February, 1800, voted to commemorate the birthday of George Washington, and a eulogy was pronounced by Rev. Thomas Thacher. The laying out of new roads, the establishment of the first newspaper, the Columbian Minerva, in 1796, and a proposition by Calvin Whit ing the same year, to construct an aqueduct in the village, were further indications of growth and im provement. But a more important and significant mark of the enterprise of the citizens at this period, was the establishment of manufacturing corporations. The 64 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. great increase in the production of cotton in the Southern States, and the invention of the cotton-gin in the latter part of the eighteenth century, had at tracted the attention of enterprising men in Rhode Island and Massachusetts to its manufacture. And it was perceived by some citizens of Dedham that the excellent water-power furnished by the canal dug in 1640, known as Mother Brook, might be utilized for a cotton-factory. From the earliest settlement of the town the descendants of Nathaniel Whiting had continued to maintain grist-mills and saw-mills at the second and third privileges. At the upper dam, about which there was a controversy in the first century, had been built a leather-mill by Joseph Lewis. The first cotton- factory was built at this dam. In 1807, Samuel Lowder, Jonathan Avery, Reuben Guild, Calvin Guild, Pliny Bingham, William Howe, and others, were incorporated as the Norfolk Cotton Manufactory, for the manufacture of cotton goods. Nearly all the corporators were citizens of Dedham. Its capital stock was divided into fifty shares. A large wooden factory was built, and a tub-wheel with common water-frames placed in it. The machinery was rude and imperfect. The cotton was picked in the neighboring houses by hand, and after it was spun, it was sent abroad to be woven. But soon the store rooms were crowded with cotton yarns and cotton cloths. Many of the manufactured goods were sold by retail at the mill. In order to have a better assort ment of goods, the company obtained leave to manu facture wool, and made satinets. During the war of 1812 manufactured goods commanded a high price, and the affairs of the company appeared very prosper ous. The annual meetings, with the reports of profit able business, were festive occasions. The stock holders were regarded as public benefactors, as well as fortunate in business. The inhabitants felt a degree of pride in having a cotton-factory in the town, and when their friends from the interior visited them, they were invited to see its curious and wonderful machinery. After a time the tub-wheel gave way to the common water-wheel, and the cotton-picker was introduced. But this career of apparent prosperity was not of long duration. The business was not conducted by an agent, but by a president, three directors, a clerk, and treasurer. The three directors were required to remain at the factory, and no one was permitted to transact important business without the concurrence of his colleagues. The manufactured goods accumu lated during the war, although high prices could have been realized. They were held in the hope of still better prices. No dividends from the profits of the business were ever declared. At the close of the war of 1812 came a fall in prices, and the Norfolk Cotton-Manufactory was left with manufactured goods on hand, to the amount of upwards of twenty thou sand dollars, which were worth less than it cost to manufacture them, besides uncollected debts to the amount of forty thousand dollars. Of course from this time the property rapidly declined in value, but for a time the stockholders were divided as to the expediency of closing the business and selling the property. Finally, after having refused to take twenty-five thousand dollars, the land, privileges buildings, and machinery were sold at public auction in 1819 to Benjamin Bussey for twelve thousand five hundred dollars. The stockholders lost about one- third of their investment, besides interest. But the failure of this experiment did not deter others from engaging in similar enterprises. In 1821 the Dedham Worsted Company was incorporated, with William Phillips and Jabez Chickering as the princi pal corporators. This company purchased the second privilege, with the saw-mill and grist-mill owned by Hezekiah Whiting and his ancestors. This purchase was made in 1823, but owing to the failure of Mr, Chickering the mill and property were sold in 1824 to Benjamin Bussey. The first and second privileges were now owned by Benjamin Bussey, a man of capital, energy, and ca pacity. He soon after erected woolen-mills at both the privileges, with machine-shops, dye-houses, and dwellings, and began the manufacture of woolen cloths, which he successfully conducted until 1843, when he sold the property to J. Wiley Edmands. The manufacture of woolen goods has ever since been carried on at these privileges, first by Edmands & Colby, incorporated in 1853 under the name of the Maverick Woolens Company, with Thomas Barrows, of Dedham, as agent, and afterwards by the Mer chants Woolen Company, incorporated in 1863. During all this period the business has been profita ble to the owners. Mr. Barrows was an experienced and prudent manager, and the sale to the Merchants Woolen Company was made at an advantageous price. This company has much enlarged the capac ity of the mills and machinery, and the privilege has long since ceased to furnish the necessary power for running the machinery, which is supplied by steam. The water of Charles River is found to be unequaled for the purposes of cleansing wool. The fourth privilege was first used by Nathaniel Whiting and James Draper in the first century of the settlement of the town. But this right had re verted to the town, for in 1789 the town again trans- DEDHAM. 05 ferred it to Joseph Whiting and others. Upon this privilege, a building had been erected for block ing copper cents, but it was used for this purpose only a short time. It was afterwards fitted up by Herman Mann for the manufacture of paper. In 1804, George Bird purchased the property, and car ried on the manufacture of paper with success. At about the same time, another mill was erected for the manufacture of wire, of which Ruggles Whiting, of Boston, was the agent. These mills were near to gether, and were operated by the same wheel. The mill of Mr. Bird was burned in 1809, and was rebuilt with a new raceway and foundation. This was a paper-mill. In 1814 the manufacture of wire was discontinued, and the factory was used for making nails. In 1819, George Bird became the owner of the whole privilege, land, and buildings. In 1823, Frederick A!' Taft, a skillful and experi enced manufacturer of cotton goods, formed a copart nership with George Bird, and the factory was fur nished with machinery from the Norfolk Cotton- i Factory. In 1823, a new corporation was created under the name of the Norfolk Manufacturing Com pany, in which John Lemist, of Roxbury, and , Frederick A. Taft were prominent corporators. Mr. Bird leased the land, privilege, and buildings to the , corporation for ten years. In 1830 the corporation bought the whole of the mill property. In 1832, F. A. Taft sold his interest in the company to his brother, . Ezra W. Taft, and in a few years after, Mr. Lemist disposed of his interest to James Read. The principal owners were Mr. Read and Mr. E. W. Taft, who was the agent of the corporation. In 1835 a new stone mill was erected by the corporation and supplied with new machinery. Mr. Taft continued to be the agent for about thirty years, and under his management the : affairs of the corporation prospered. In 1863 the cor porators decided to close up the business, and the mill and privilege were sold to Thomas Barrows. Mr. Bar rows enlarged the mill, and supplied it with machinery for the manufacture of woolen goods, which business he continued until 1872, when he sold the property to the Merchants Woolen Company, which conveyed the same to Royal 0. Storrs and Frederick R. Storrs in 1875. The business was continued by R. O. Storrs & Co. until their failure in 1882, when the property was purchased again by the Merchants Woolen Company. By purchase of Thomas Barrows, this company also became the owner of the third privilege, with the old saw-mill and grist-mill, so that it now owns the first four privileges on Mother Brook. In 1814 the Dedham Manufacturing Company was incorpo rated, and erected a fifth dam at the village known 5 as Readville, now in Hyde Park, on which a cotton- factory was built. Although, as has been seen, the first manufacturing corporations were unsuccessful in business, still they gave a new impetus to the improvement of the town. They brought hither men of enterprise and capital, who became valuable citizens, and also employed many skilled operatives of character and intelligence. The most striking results occurred in the increase of population. In 1800 the population of the town was 1973. In 1820 it was 2485, and in 1830 it had increased to 3057. In the first quarter of the present century the village had changed from being a collection of scattered farm-houses to a compact and growing village. In the war of 1812, Dedham took decided ground in support of the government and the policy of the war. When the Hartford Convention was proposed by the General Court, one of its representatives de nounced it as a revolutionary proceeding. Upon a communication from the town of Boston requesting its co-operation in measures to oppose the war, the town, in July, 1812, rejected the proposed combina tion. The town voted that every drafted man should receive from its treasury, a sum sufficient to make his wages fifteen dollars a month while in actual service. Soldiers for the army were here recruited and drilled. In August, five hundred delegates from the towns of the county assembled in convention at Dedham, and expressed their approbation of the war. The Dedham Light Infantry, Capt. Abner Guild, did service at South Boston during the war for several months. During this war, large quantities of beef and pork were packed in West Dedham by Willard Gay, and while the coast was blockaded, James Pettee, Samuel French, and Colburn Ellis drove horse- or ox-teams to New York and Philadelphia. The trip to New York occupied three weeks and to Philadelphia six weeks. The Hon. Samuel Dexter, who died in 1810, had left in his will, a legacy of one hundred and seventy dollars as an addition to the school funds, and in making this bequest, he suggested that certain sums formerly appropriated for the same purpose, which were expended in hiring soldiers, should be replaced by the town. The town accepted the bequest, and directed the treasurer to loan the money on security. But this fund has disappeared with the other school funds of the town. In the year 1818, occurred the division of the church connected with the First Parish, perhaps the most memorable event in the history of the town. It was the result of no parish quarrel over some 66 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. question of temporary importance, like the location of a meeting-house, but was the natural conclusion of theological differences which had been gradually developing for a quarter of a century. Nor were the questions involved only of local interest and import ance ; but upon the legal determination of them by the Supreme Judicial Court, the title to the property, church records, and all the material part of the churches in half the towns of eastern Massachusetts was decided to be vested in the town or parish, and not in the churches. It is not difficult, therefore, to understand why this event produced such a profound impression not only in the Dedham parish, but in all the neighboring towns. The occasion of the controversy was the election of a successor to the Rev. Dr. Bates, who had resigned in February, 1818. On the 31st day of August, Mr. Alvan Lamson was elected as " a public Protest ant teacher of piety, religion, and morality" at a meeting of the parish by a vote of eighty-one to forty-four. In this election the church refused to concur by a vote of seventeen to fifteen. The parish, having received Mr. Lamson's acceptance of its election, caused a council, composed of the pastors and delegates of thirteen churches, to be convened on the 28th day of October following for the purpose of ordaining Mr. Lamson. When the council assembled, the Hon. Samuel Haven, a son of the former pastor, appeared and read an elaborate and learned protest on behalf of a majority of the church against the ordi nation of Mr. Lamson as its pastor. The propositions maintained in this protest were, that according to Congregational usage, the first step in electing a pas tor must be taken by the church ; that while the parish, under the constitution of the commonwealth, might choose a religious teacher and contract to sup port him, still he would not be a settled minister of the gospel or pastor of the church ; that the parish, being merely a civil body, could not call together an ecclesiastical council, but this could only be done by the church ; that the ecclesiastical body, the Christian church existing in this place, had chosen no pastor, of course desired no ordination, and had not invited her sister churches to convene for any purpose whatever and concluded with a solemn protest against the council taking any further measures in relation to the ordiua- tion of Mr. Alvan Lamson. These positions were care fully argued at considerable length, and in a manner becoming the gravity of the occasion, by Judge Haven. The protest was printed in the pamphlet afterwards published and written by him, entitled a " Statement of the Proceedings in the First Church and Parish in Dedham Respecting the Settlement of a Minister, 1818, with some Considerations on Congregational Church Polity." It was claimed on the part of the parish, that it did not request to have Mr. Lamson ordained over the church, but that a majority of the church actually concurred with the parish, including members of other churches who resided and com- muned in Dedham, and that the opposition was altogether of a doctrinal nature, which was disclaimed by the committee of the church. The council continued their deliberations during the first day, and decided to ordain Mr. Lamson over the First Parish in Dedham. In the result of the council, drawn up and read by Dr. Channing before the ordination exercises, it is stated that " the council regard the well-known usage according to which the first step in electing a pastor is taken by the church as in the main wise and beneficial. But they believe that this usage, founded on different circumstances of this Christian community and on different laws of the commonwealth from those which now exist, is not to be considered as universally necessary." They held that the spirit and end of the usage was to be regarded rather than the letter, and that an adherence to it would increase division or postpone indefinitely the settlement of a Christian minister ; that, while a concurrence of the church and parish was very de sirable, each body had the right to elect a pastor for itself, it being secured to the church by the essential principles of Congregational polity, and to the parish by the constitution and laws of the commonwealth, They expressed the satisfaction " with which they witnessed the singular self-command manifested by both parties in the public discussions before them, a circumstance too honorable to be passed over in silence." The " Result" closed with many earnest exhortations to a spirit of conciliation. It is a somewhat remarkable circumstance, that in the protest of the church, or in the " statement" pub lished by Judge Haven, or in the " Result of the Council," there is scarcely an allusion to any diver sity of religious opinions in the parish. Beyond the fact that the parish committee claimed that this was the reason of the opposition to Mr. Lamson, and that the church committee disclaimed it, and a single allu sion in a few words in the " Result," there is abso lutely nothing in the printed proceedings which dis closes that the controversy had any religious aspect, The issues were made upon questions of Congregational usage and the legal powers of parishes, and not upon articles of religious belief. As it often happens in public discussions, the real points of difference were kept in reserve. But there can be no doubt that the parish and the church were then divided into two re- DEDHAM. 67 ligious parties, known afterwards under the distinctive names of Unitarian and Orthodox. Mr. Lamson was a graduate of the Divinity School in Harvard College, and was a Unitarian. The Rev. Dr. Henry Ware, who preached the ordination sermon, had been elected, in 1805, Hollis Professor of Divinity as a Unitarian, and Dr. Channing, who was one of the council, had his celebrated controversy with Dr. Worcester in 1815, which resulted in the separation of the Unitarian from the Orthodox Congregationalists. All the members t ... of the ordaining council represented churches which were either at that time or afterwards became Unita rian. That those who opposed Mr. Lamson's ordina- * tion were Orthodox Congregationalists, was proved by their subsequent action. Probably there were some who acted without regard to differences of faith. Mr. Lamson was ordained Oct. 29, 1818. The majority of the church, including the two remaining deacons (one having died soon after Mr. Lamson's ordination), and a minority of the parish, being dis satisfied, caused another council to be convened at Dedham, on Nov. 18, 1818, composed of pastors and delegates of sixteen neighboring churches belonging to the same association which did not attend, at the invitation of the parish, the ordaining council. This council was called for its advice to those who re quested it. It was in session two days, and reviewed the proceedings in Mr. Lamson's ordination. The result of their deliberations was, that " in the settle ment of a minister in the First Church and Parish, the council discover in the measures pursued, the want of such a spirit of condescension as seems best adapted to produce and preserve unity and peace. It appears that the parish, in opposition to the wishes of the church, have proceeded to settle a public teacher of religion and morality, not in accordance with the accustomed and pacific proceedings of Con gregational Churches in New England, nor, in the judgment of this council, was this one of those cases of necessity which, in the opinion of some, would justify such a procedure." But the council gave no definite advice. The church, or that portion which remained united with the parish, elected Mr. Lamson as its pastor Nov. 14, 1818, by a majority of the voting mem bership of the church. But at this time the dis satisfied members had withdrawn. Deacon Samuel Fales did not attend services after Mr. Lamson's ordination. Deacon Joseph Swan died November 13th, and Deacon Jonathan Richards resigned March 15, 1819. Deacon Fales was removed or dismissed, and Eliphalet Baker and Luther Richards were chosen. That portion of the church which had seceded, claimed to constitute the First Church, and as the lands and funds of the church, under the laws of the commonwealth, were vested in the deacons, a suit was begun by Deacon Eliphalet Baker and Dea con Luther Richards against Deacon Samuel Fales for the recovery of the property of the First Church in Dedham. After a trial by the jury, the case was carried upon questions of law to the full bench of the Supreme Court, and was argued by Solicitor-General Davis for the plaintiffs and Daniel Webster for the defendant. The two questions involved in this decision are, whether the plaintiffs were in fact deacons of the First Church in Dedham, having been appointed by those members of the church who remained and acted with the parish, and the legal character of the grants to the church in Dedham. But, in consider ing these questions, both resolved themselves into one point. The legal estate of these grants to the church in Dedham being vested in the deacons by the statute of 1754, as trustees, the court holds " that the trusts intended, must have been the providing for the public worship of God in Dedham, and the in habitants at large of that town, as parishioners or members of the religious society, were the proper cestuis que trust, because the effect of the grants was to relieve them from an expense they would other wise have been obliged to bear or forego the benefits of a Christian ministry." The court say, further, " in whatever light ecclesiastical councils or persons may consider the question, it appears to us clear from the constitution and laws of the land, and from judicial decisions, that the body which is to be con sidered the First Church in Dedham must be the church of the First Parish in that town, as to all questions of property which depend upon that re lation." The court held that, while the proceedings of the parish and the council were not conformable to the general usage of the country, yet, under the third article of the Declaration of Rights, parishes have the exclusive right of electing public teachers, and that a teacher of "piety, religion, and morality" is a minister of the gospel within the meaning of the Declaration of Rights ; that the non-concurrence of the church in the choice of a minister, in no degree impairs the constitutional right of the parish ; that Mr. Lamson became the lawful minister of the First Parish in Dedham and of the church subsisting therein ; that the church had the right to choose deacons, finding that the former deacons had abdi cated their office ; that the members of the church who withdrew from the parish ceased to be the First C8 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. Church in Dedham, and that all the rights and duties of that body relative to property intrusted to it devolved upon those members who remained with and adhered to the parish. It is to be observed that the decision of the court turned chiefly upon the third article of the Bill of Rights passed in 1780, which gave to parishes the right to elect a public teacher. As a civil tribunal, it paid no regard to the rules or decisions of ecclesias tical councils or the usage of churches. The ques tions decided, related to the title of the church prop erty, and as a church could not exist independently of a parish, the members who remained with the parish were the church in the eye of the law, and the mem bers who seceded were not. Of the effects of this great controversy and its final decision upon the inhabitants of the First Parish in Dedham, it is to be said that it implanted a root of bitterness among those who participated in it on either side, and among their immediate descendants. The church connected with the First Parish has always rested its claim to be the First Church in Dedham upon the decision of the court. The church formed by the seceders in 1818 has also claimed to be the First Church in Dedham in accordance with Congregational usage, and because they were a ma jority of its members at that time. The church con nected with the First Parish, still retains the church covenant of 1793, while the church now known as the First Congregational Church adopted articles of faith and a new form of covenant in 1821. The members of the church who withdrew after the ordination of Mr. Lamson numbered eighty-nine, twenty-four men and sixty-five women, and including the three deacons. During the year 1819, these church members, with those of the parish who came away with them, held services on the Sabbath in the house which was formerly that of the Rev. Mr. Haven. This was directly opposite the parish meeting-house, and on the site of the present meet ing-house of the new society. This was dedicated Dec. 30, 1819. The erection of this spacious and well-proportioned house in a little more than a year from the time of the separation, at an expense of nearly ten thousand dollars, by forty-three contribu tors, none of whom had large means, furnishes striking evidence of their zeal and spirit of self- sacrifice. While they were without a pastor, they maintained prayer-meetings, which had been hitherto unknown in the parish. The widow of Deacon Swan gave two silver flagons and a baptismal font. On the 14th day of March, 1821, the Rev. Ebenezer Burgess was ordained as pastor. A new society was incorporated in connection with the church, under thi name of the " New Meeting-House Society.'' J, 1826 a new vestry was built by Mr. Burgess at hii own expense. The First Church and Parish, after the separation were also moved to the improvement of the old meeting-house of 1763. In 1805, the parish determined to enlarge it, but afterwards rescinded the vote. In 1807, it was voted to erect a new meeting-house, and a building committee chosen but this vote was also rescinded. But in 1819, the old house was enlarged by an addition in front, the slant of the roof being changed, the north and south porches removed, and the house entirely remodeled within. The outside clock was given at this time by the Hon. Edward Dowse and Mrs. Hannah Shaw, a sister of Mrs. Dowse. The inside clock was the gift of John and Samuel Doggett, Jr., of Boston, for merly of Dedham. In 1821, an organ was purchased, and soon after Dr. Watts' version of the Psalms was exchanged for the New York Collection of Hymns. In 1828. a vestry was provided for the use of the Sunday-school and for libraries. A Sabbath-school had been founded in 1816, and was held in the old brick school-house, which stood near the meeting house. In the Third Parish, the vacancy existingbythedeath of the Rev. Mr. Thacher was not filled until April 20, 1814, when the Rev. John White was ordained. He was born in Concord, Dec. 2, 1787, and was graduated at Harvard College in 1805. His ministry continued until his death, Feb. 1, 1852, and during this whole period of nearly thirty-eight years, this parish enjoyed uninterrupted harmony. Mr. White was a sincere man and a faithful pastor, and entirely devoted to his work. He was " mild, gentle, courte ous, and conciliatory." During his ministry, a Sun day-school was organized, and the children were catechised by the pastor. Mr. White and his esti mable wife are held in most grateful memory by the people of this parish. Mr. White was ordained before the separation of the Unitarians from the Orthodox Congregationalists, but he, with his parish, was always ranked with the Unitarians. Mr. White delivered a centennial discourse relating to the history of this parish, Jan. 17, 1836, which was printed. The Second Parish, on the other hand, adhered to the confession of faith and covenant of its founders, and has always been known as Orthodox. On the 16th of December, 1829, Mr. Harrison G.Park, a graduate of Brown University, was ordained as pastor by the same ecclesiastical council that was convened to sanction the dissolution of Mr. Cogswell's pastoral DEDHAM. 69 relation. Mr. Park remained as pastor until Sept. 23, 1835, when he was dismissed at his own request. He. was succeeded by the Rev. Calvin Durfee, a grad uate of Williams College, who was ordained March 2, 1836. On June 26, 1836, he preached a centen nial discourse relating to the history of this parish, which was printed. Mr. Durfee remained the pastor until 1852, when he was succeeded by the Rev. Moses M. Colburn. Mr. Colburn resigned Feb. 3, 1866, and Oct. 1, 1866, the Rev. Joseph P. Bixby became the acting pastor. Mr. Bixby remained pastor of the South Church and Parish at the date of the incorporation of the town of Norwood, in 1872. The following interesting description of the appear ance of Dedham village in 1818 is found in a sermon delivered by Rev. Dr. Lamson in 1858, being the Sunday after the fortieth year of his ordination. It will serve to make the changes which occurred during those forty years more striking and apparent : "In prevailing ideas and modes of thinking, and in the habits and occupations of the people the last forty years have produced a. marked change. Until a comparatively recent period the population of the place was almost exclusively agri cultural, and there were remains clearly discernible of primi tive tastes and habits. The old settlers, as they were called, were still largely represented. Where yon manufacturing village, bearing every mark of prosperity and thrift, now greets the eye, there stood at the time of my coming here only a small cluster of dwellings — eleven, I believe, in all — dotting the roadsides, and a school-house of the scantiest dimensions, old and of the rudest structure, sufficed to hold the children. In the central village the houses could be readily counted, and there were large fields and vacant spaces. Where our classical court-house and several adjacent buildings now stand, there was, inclosed in part by a stone wall of an ordinary kind, old and -irregular, an open lot which served for a corn-field or for mowing in summer, and in winter furnished excellent coasting- ground for the children. There were no railways, as you know, in those days. Stage-coaches, several in number, — from four to six and eight, and sometimes more, — and usually keep ing together, passed through the place, conveying passengers to and from the steamboats at Providence, in the dry weather of summer, raising a dust which penetrated the neighboring houses and covered the gardens, lying thick on every leaf and flower. Between Dedham and Boston, for the accommodation of the inhabitants of this place and of Roxbury, there was five days in the week — Wednesdays and Sundays being the ex cepted days — a slow, lumbering stage-coach, ordinarily drawn by two horses, and on certain days, as Monday and Saturday, by three, going in the morning and returning in the afternoon, and occupying two hours each way on the road, the time con sumed in taking up and leaving the passengers at the ends of the line often making an extra half-hour. Of this no one complained, and the public seemed to think itself amply ac commodated. The inhabitants assembled for worship on Sun day, occupied the large square pews — the body-seats, as they were then called — and the free seats in the galleries. The interval between the morning and afternoon service was short, and most of those who lived out of the village stayed either in and about the meeting-house or at the neighboring inn. The house had then neither furnace nor stove, but foot- stoves were used, which were replenished with coals at the parsonage or at some other friendly house within convenient distance. The afternoon service was then and for several years, as it is now, generally, in the more rural parishes better attended than the morning, and the minister reserved what he considered his best sermon for the afternoon." But a new era of changes and improvements had already begun in Dedham village. It was about to shake off its rural aspect and to take on a more im posing appearance. In 1814, the Dedham Bank was established with a capital of one hundred thousand dollars. Its first president was Willard Gay, who lived and carried on the business of packing beef and pork at West Ded ham. He resigned his office May 20, 1829, and was succeeded by John Worthington Ames, the eldest son of Fisher Ames. Upon the decease of Mr. Ames, in 1833, Dr. Jeremy Stimson was elected, his election having been made Feb. 14, 1834. Dr. Stimson held the office of president, until the bank was reorganized as a national bank, Feb. 7, 1865, when he declined a re-election, and Lewis H. Kingsbury was elected. Mr. Kingsbury resigned May 20, 1873, and Ezra W. Taft was elected, who has since held the office. The cashiers of the bank have been Jabez Chicker ing, from March 25, 1814, to Dec. 19, 1823 ; Eben ezer Fisher, Jr., from Dec. 19, 1823, to Jan. 1, 1847; Lewis H. Kingsbury, from Jan. 1, 1847, to Feb. 7, 1865 ; John H. B. Thayer, from Feb. 7, 1865, to his death in April, 1873 ; and Lewis H. Kingsbury, from May 20, 1873, to the present time. The capital of the bank at the present time is three hundred thousand dollars. In 1817, the county had erected a new stone jail on the site of the present one, with a house for the keeper. These buildings were built of hammered stone, at an expense of about fifteen thousand dollars. The jail was thirty-three feet square and eighteen feet high. Its walls were massive, leaving but little space in the interior for cells and staircases. The jail stood until 1851, when it was removed to make room for the main portion of the present structure. The old wooden jail, built in 1795, was used as a house of correction until 1833, when a new brick building was erected on the site of the present jail. Some of the cells of this house of correction are retained in the present jail, but the building was taken down in 1851. The stone house for the keeper stood until 1880. On the 4th day of July, 1825, the corner-stone of the new court-house was laid. It was built of hewn white granite, brought from Dover, about eight miles. It was then a Grecian building, ninety-eight by forty feet, with porticos at either end, having four Doric 70 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. columns, three feet and ten inches in diameter at the base, and twenty-one feet high. The architect was Solomon Willard, of Boston, and Damon & Bates, master builders. Its cost was about thirty thousand dollars, and its architecture was always much ad mired. It was completed and dedicated Feb. 20, 1827, during the term of the Supreme Judicial Court. Chief Justice Parker made an address, and the bar gave a dinner to the judges and attorney-general. The enlargement on High Street, which completely changed the appearance of the building, and the dome surmounting it, were finished in 1861. Prior to 1829, the town-meetings were held alter nately in the meeting-houses of the different parishes. In that year, the town built a plain one-story building, costing about two thousand two hundred dollars, for a town-house. It was a rude building, and had no rooms for offices, or place for the preservation of records, but it served for town-meetings and elections until 1868. In 1832, the town-farm of sixty-three acres, situated in the West Parish, was purchased for a poor-house. In April, 1825, the Norfolk Mutual Fire Insurance Company was organized. Its first president was John Endicott, and its first secretary was Erastus Wor thington, and it was mainly through his efforts that the compauy was established. In 1833, Mr. Endicott was succeeded by James Richardson, and on June 30, 1840, Mr. Worthington having resigned by reason of ill health, he was succeeded by Ira Cleveland as sec retary. The subsequent presidents have been Abra ham F. Howe, from April 7, 1857, to April 1, 1862; Luther Metcalf, from April 1, 1862, to April 5, 1863 ; and Ira Cleveland, from April 5, 1863, to the present time. The secretaries, after the resignation of Mr. Cleveland, April 5, 1863, were George D. Gordon, from April, 1863, to April, 1873; Preston R. Mans field, from April, 1873, to February, 1880 ; and Eli jah Howe, from that time to the present. Mr. Cleve land has also been treasurer of the company since 1850. This company has been successful, and has always been considered a reliable and conservative company. It is the owner of the brick building in which its office and the Dedham National Bank are located. The Dedham Mutual Fire Insurance Company was incorporated in 1837 for insuring buildings and per sonal property. This was an offshoot of the Norfolk company, and its officers have generally been the same as of that company. In 1831, the Dedham Institution for Savings was incorporated. The first president was Rev. Ebenezer Burgess, D.D., who held that office from May 4, 1831, to Dec. 7, 1870. He was succeeded by Thomas Bar- rows, who was president until May 12, 1877, when he was succeeded by Waldo Colburn. Its treasurers have been Jonathan H. Cobb, from May 4, 1831, to Nov. 10, 1834; Enos Foord, from Nov. 10, 1834, to May 9, 1845; George Ellis, from May 9, 1845, to July 2, 1855; and Calvin Guild, from that date until the present time. The amount of deposits received from May 1, 1831, to May 1, 1843, was two hundred and twenty-six thousand nine hundred and fifty-four dollars, and the amount from May 1, 1867, to May 1, 1881, was one million eight hundred and thirty-four thousand seven hundred and ninety-four dollars. All these things indicate the growth of the town in wealth and enterprise, and that Dedham was be coming a centre of business activity, as well as as suming the proper dignity becoming the shire-town of the county. It had become a resort of people from Boston to spend the summer, and in the winter for lawyers and others attending the courts ; and there were balls and sleighing parties. There were two good taverns, where guests were hospitably enter tained, one near the court-house, kept by Martin Marsh, and afterwards by Francis Alden and Moses Gragg. The other was built by Timothy Gay on the site occupied for many years by the Phoenix House. In 1830, the population of the town was upwards of three thousand. It had then a stone court-house and a stone jail and keeper's house. In the town there were four Congregational meeting-houses ; one Epis copal Church and a Baptist meeting-house in West Dedham ; eleven small school-houses, two woolen- mills, two cotton-mills, four saw-mills, five manufac tories for making chaises and carriages, one machine- shop, one manufactory for making ploughs, five taverns, eleven retail stores, two apothecaries, one printing-press for printing books and a newspaper, and a bank and an insurance company. Many new streets had been laid out and constructed between 1820 and 1830. On the 23d day of August, 1824, Gen. Lafayette passed through Dedham on his way from Providence to Boston. He arrived at half-past ten o'clock in the evening, and remained about an hour at Alden's Hotel. He was enthusiastically received by a large number of people, who had gathered during the day in anticipation of his arrival, and by a salute of artil lery, by the ringing of the bells, and the illumination of the houses in the village. Hundreds of ladies and gentlemen shook hands with the general, and at half- past eleven o'clock he was escorted by a cavalcade of a hundred horsemen to the residence of Governor Eustis, in Roxbury, where he spent the night. DEDHAM. 71 In 1833, Gen. Andrew Jackson, then the President of the United States, made a visit to Boston, and passed through Dedham on his way from Providence. He made the journey in a carriage, and was accom panied by Martin Van Buren, then Vice-President, and members of his cabinet. He was received in Dedham by a large concourse of people, who were ranged in lines on each side of Court Street as the carriages containing the party passed. It was on the occasion of this visit that President Jackson received the degree of Doctor of Laws from Harvard College. CHAPTER X. DEDHAM— (Continued). Universalist Society, South Dedham — Episcopal Church — Rev. Isaac Boyle — Rev. Samuel B. Babcock — New Church — Ded ham Branch Railroad — Manufactures — Population in 1835 — Newspapers — Centennial Celebration, 1836 — Dr. Lamson's Historical Discourses, 1838 — Dr. Burgess' Discourse in "Ded ham Pulpit" — Rev. John White's Historical Discourse, 1836 — Rev. Mr. Durfee's Historical Discourse, 1836 — Destructive Fires — Improvements in Schools and School-Houses — Norfolk County Railroad — First Baptist Church, West Dedham — Baptist Church, East Dedham — Baptist Church, South Ded ham — Methodist Episcopal Church, East Dedham — First Parish — Resignation of Dr. Lamson, and of Dr. Burgess — Third Parish — Successors of Rev. John White — Successors of Dr. Lamson in First Parish — Improvements in Meeting- House — Successors to Rev. Dr. Burgess — Burning of St. Paul's Church — New Stone Church —Chapel — Roman Cath olic Church — St. Mary's School and Asylum — Annexations to West Roxbury and Walpole — Dedham Gas-Light Company — Dedham Historical Society. Jn the year 1827 there began a movement which led to the formation of the Universalist Society in ; the South Parish. It will be remembered that the ^ church of the Second Parish adhered to the ancient covenant and confession of faith, and probably those who dissented had been seeking another place of wor- , ship. The Rev. Thomas Whittemore, a preacher of . the Universalist denomination, held services Feb. 6, 1827, for the first time. In the following September, fifty-two persons entered into covenant or agreement for forming a religious society to be denominated the First Universalist Society. In May, 1828, a legal meeting was held to take the first steps towards the building of a church edifice. The work was speedily begun, and on the 14th day of January, 1830, the church was dedicated. While the church was being built, the Rev. J. C. Waldo supplied. the society for about eight months. The Rev. Alfred V. Bassett was the first pastor, being inducted into office June 17, 1830. He died Dec. 26, 1831, having in his brief ministry secured the affection of his people. His successors were the Rev. T. B. Thayer and Rev. R. S. Pope, and from the years 1836 to 1840 the society was without a pastor. In 1840, the Rev. Edwin Thompson became the pastor, and closed his ministry here in 1844. He was prominent in the total abstinence movement begun about this time, known by the name of the Washingtonian movement, to which he subsequently gave his whole time and ener gies. After Mr. Thompson, the succession of pastors were the Rev. C. H. Webster, from 1846 to 1853; the Rev. Ebenezer Fisher, from 1853 to 1858; the Rev. A. R. Abbott, from 1858 to 1860 ; and the Rev. M. R. Leonard, from May, 1861, to 1865, when he was succeeded by B,ev. George Hill. The Episcopal Church in Dedham village, during the rectorship of the Rev. Mr. Boyle, had received some accessions to the number of families, and also to the number of communicants connected with it. The troubles arising from the divisions in the First Church had caused many persons to have a nominal con nection with the Episcopal Church for the purpose of parochial taxation, since the law then compelled every property-holder to pay a tax for the support of public worship, though he might select his place of worship. There were some, however, who were in terested in the services of the church, among whom may be named Samuel Lowder, Edward Whiting, Theron Metcalf, and Erastus Worthington. The growth of the parish, however, was quite gradual. In 1822 a Sunday-school was first established. The number of families reported as connected with the parish from 1822 to 1828 was about fifty, and the number of communicants increased from twenty-five in 1822, to forty-one in 1828. In 1831, an organ was procured by subscription, Mr. Edward Whiting being a large contributor. From the beginning of the rec torship of Mr. Boyle, the name of the church was changed from Christ Church to St. Paul's Church. Mr. Boyle was a man of high character and scholarly attainments, but he was afflicted with deafness, which impaired his efficiency in the public services of the church. He resigned April 21, 1832. The parish, in accepting his resignation, entered upon its records a minute of its estimation of his " Christian integrity and pastoral fidelity." He was graduated at Harvard College in 1813, and received the degree of Doctor of Divinity from both Trinity and Columbia Colleges in 1838. He was ordained as deacon by Bishop Griswold April 29, 1820, and he died Dec. 2, 1850. The parish then invited Mr. Samuel Brazer Babcock, a graduate of Harvard College in 1830, a lay reader, 72 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. but who was pursuing his theological studies, to offi ciate in the parish, which invitation he accepted-Au gust 18, 1832. Mr. Babcock was ordained as deacon in 1832, and as priest in 1833. During the first ten years of Mr. Babcock's ministry, the parish received the accession of two gentlemen who subsequently became identified with the parish, and have been its constant and liberal benefactors down to the present time, and both are still living. The project of erect ing a new church had been entertained for some time, but could not be carried out for lack of means. Ed ward Whiting had left a bequest of one thousand dollars for the purpose. At length, in 1845, the parish proceeded to erect a new church. The site of the old church on " Franklin Square" was objection able, both to the parish and to the people who resided upon the square. A subscription was made up by several owners of estates bounding upon the square, and paid to the parish, and a conveyance was made to the subscribers of the whole " church common," with the provision that no building should ever be erected upon it. A new site on the corner of Court Street and Village Avenue was purchased. The1 old church was taken down in December, 1845, and on Jan. 15, 1846, the new church was consecrated. It was con structed of wood", of mediaeval Gothic architecture, with a tower after the Magdalen tower, in Oxford, Eng land, and was an architectural ornament to the village. It had a good organ and fine bell, both the gifts of parishioners, and other liberal gifts were made by others. It cost, including furniture, about seven thou sand dollars. On Nov. 30, 1845, it being the last Sunday on which services were held in the old church, Mr. Babcock preached a historical discourse reviewing the history of the parish, which was printed. The building of the Boston and Providence Rail road was an event which excited much interest in the people of Dedham. The first surveys located the road through Dedham village, southerly of the present station, and following the line of the turnpike. The decision to change this location occasioned great dis appointment. The people doubtless regarded the railroad as a substitute for the turnpike, and they desired to retain the same relative position to the former, which they had hitherto sustained to the latter. The losses which the owners of the stage company had sustained in the burning of the Dedham Hotel and stable, with sixty horses, Oct. 30, 1832, and the burning of the Phoenix stable, with fifty-three horses, Jan. 7, 1834, had prepared the minds of the people to regard favorably the new enterprise of the railroad. Gen. McNeill, the engineer, and William Raymond Lee, afterwards the superintendent, with other engineers and contractors, resided in Dedham, Application was made to the directors of the Boston and Providence Railroad Company for building a branch from Low Plain, now Readville, to Ded ham. This application was granted upon condi tion that the citizens of Dedham would give the land. A subscription was immediately collected in Dedham amounting to about two thousand dollars, besides some contributions of lands, and deeds were made to the Providence Railroad corporation. An act authorizing the construction of the railroad was passed by the Legislature. This was done in 1834, and the road was completed in December of that year, and was opened Dec. 28, 1834, when the presi dent and directors of the Boston and Providence Railroad Company were invited to a collation at the Phoenix Hotel, then kept by James Bride. The cars, built in the manner of English railway-carriages, 'with two compartments each like a stage-coach, were drawn by horses to Boston until the completion of the main line, when a connection was made at Readville with trains from Providence drawn by locomotives. It was some years before trains were drawn from Ded ham to Boston by steam-power. The first season- ticket passengers to Boston from Dedham, were Alvan Fisher and Francis Guild. The ultimate effects of the building of the railroad upon the local business prosperity of Dedham were quite different from what was then anticipated. The manufactories for building stage-coaches, for which extensive buildings had been erected near the Phoenix Hotel, in the course of time were suspended, and no other business ever took their places. Indeed, for a time the old stage-coaches ran from Dedham to Boston, as passengers preferred to be called for at their houses. To meet the convenience of this class of passengers, the railroad corporation provided a carriage for several years to take up pas sengers in Dedham. As late as 1841, a long omnibusi drawn by four horses, was driven from Dedham to Boston by Reuben Farrington, Jr. There was at this period considerable business activity in Dedham. A silk-manufactory had been established by Jonathan H. Cobb, for many years the register of probate for the county. In 1837 there were manufactured 7135 pairs of boots and 18,722 pairs of shoes, valued at $32,483. There were also silk goods manufactured to the value of ten thousand dollars, straw bonnets of the value of twenty thousand dollars, chairs and furniture of the value of twenty- one thousand two hundred and fifty dollars, and marble paper and enameled cards of the value of eighteen thousand dollars. In the Second, or South Parish there was also an DEDHAM. 73 activity in manufacturing enterprises. The tanneries established by George Winslow, Lyman Smith, and Joseph Day had begun the successful business which has ever since been continued by their enterprising sons. Willard Everett made furniture, a business afterwards much enlarged, and continued for many years by his sons. Subsequently, Curtis G. Morse and Addison Boyden prosecuted the same business. The enterprise of these men and others laid the foundation of the growth and prosperity of this beautiful village, which is the present village of Norwood. In the Third, or West Parish the activity in manu facturing enterprises was less apparent. There was an iron foundry, and some years after a sugar-mill at the dam of Rock Meadow Brook. But this parish having the best farming lands in the town has always remained an agricultural community. It has produced large quantities of milk, which is sent to Boston by milk wagons. Probably this parish has experienced fewer changes than any other portion of the town during the last century. The population of the town in 1835 was three thousand five hundred and thirty-two. In 1840, it was three thousand two hundred and ninety, the de crease being due to the depression of business in the mills following the financial crisis of 1 837. Although the building of the railroad had an untoward effect upon the local business of Dedham village, it induced many excellent and valuable citizens, whose places of business were in Boston, to make their residence here. Dedham was then regarded with favor by those seeking a country residence. Since the beginning of the century, there had been during most of the time a weekly newspaper in Ded ham. The Columbian Minerva was published by Herman Mann from 1797 to 1804. The Norfolk Repository was published by the same proprietor from 1805 to 1814, though with some irregularity. In 1813, the Dedham Gazette was established by Jabez Chickering, with Theron Metcalf as editor, and was continued until 1819. In 1820 the Village Register was started by Asa Gowen, and continued by Jonathan H. Cobb and Barnum Field. In 1822, it passed into the hands of H. and W. H. Mann, who continued it until 1829, when it was discontinued. In 1829, the Norfolk County Republican was pub lished for one year. In 1830 the Dedham Patriot was established, and passed through various changes in name and location. It was finally edited by Ed ward L. Keyes, a prominent politician and gifted man, who purchased it in 1844, and published it in Roxbury, and afterwards in Dedham, under the name of the Dedham Gazette. It was afterwards owned and edited by Henry O. Hildreth, who subsequently removed it to Hyde Park. In 1831 the Independent Politician and Working Men's Advocate was begun. In 1832 it became the Norfolk Advertiser and Inde pendent Politician, and afterwards the Norfolk Ad vertiser. It was afterwards published under the name of the Norfolk Democrat by Elbidge G. Robinson until his decease in 1854, when it was merged in the Dedham Gazette. On the 21st day of September, 1836, the town observed the second centennial anniversary of its incorporation. The bells were rung at sunrise and a salute of one hundred guns fired. At half-past ten o'clock a procession was formed, moving, under the escort of the Dedham Light Infantry, commanded by Capt. William Pedrick, with the Boston Brass Band, through the principal streets to the meeting-house of the First Parish. At the, Norfolk Hotel, the proces sion was joined by His Excellency, Edward Everett, the Governor of the commonwealth, and his suite, and by the reverend clergy and other invited guots. On the green in front of the meeting-house, was an ornamental arch erected for the occasion, covered with evergreens and flowers. Upon one side of it was inscribed, "Incorporated 1636," and on the other, "1836." Between this arch and the meeting house, eight engine-companies had placed their engines and apparatus in two lines, leaving a space between them for the passing of the procession. On the inner sides of these lines about five hundred children of the public schools were arranged by their instructors. Under the arch and between these lines of children, the procession passed into the meeting-house. The services of the day were full of interest. A hymn, written for the occasion by Rev. John Pierpont, sung to the tune of '• Old Hundred," and a prayer by the Rev. Alvan Lamson, were followed by an ad dress from Samuel F. Haven, of Worcester. The se lection of the orator was in every way a fortunate one. A native of Dedham, having for his maternal grandfather Mr. Dexter, and his paternal grand father Mr. Haven, both ministers of the Dedham Church, he was also a learned antiquary. His ad dress, which was printed with an appendix con taining valuable notes, is perhaps the most concise and interesting account of the early history of the town which has ever been written. At the dinner about six hundred persons were seated, and James Rich ardson presided. Governor Everett, a direct de scendant of Richard Everard, one of the first settlers of Dedham, made a very felicitous and elegant speech. Other speeches were made by Judge John Davis, 74 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. Josiah Quincy, Henry A. S. Dearborn, William Jack son, Franklin Dexter, Alexander H. Everett, and Robert C. Winthrop. The ladies furnished a colla tion in the court-house, using the court-room as a drawing-room, and the library for the tables. There was also vocal music, and an address from the Gov ernor in the court-room. At the time of this cele bration there were nine men who had served in the Continental army, or had done military duty in dis tant campaigns in the Revolution, still living. Be sides these, there were thirteen others who had done military duty during the Revolutionary war in the State. The whole services of the day were worthy of the event they commemorated. The two hundredth anniversary of the gathering of the First Church occurred Nov. 18, 1838, allowing for the difference between the old and new style. The Rev. Dr. Lamson prepared and delivered three historical discourses on the occasion, on Thanksgiving- day, and the succeeding Sunday. These discourses contained a very accurate and complete history of the church down to the time of Dr. Lamson's set tlement, and were printed with many pages of val uable notes. They contained full notices of the lives of Allin, Adams, Belcher, Dexter, and Haven, and of their respective terms of service. Dr. Lamson was an excellent historical scholar and critic, and the discourses are admirable for their true historical method and perspicuity of style. The Rev. Dr. Burgess also delivered in "the new meeting-house of the First Church" a centennial discourse Nov. 8, 1838. Although not exclusively historical, it contained a full account of the pastors of the Dedham Church. It was printed in a volume of sermons of all the different pastors from 1638 to 1800, which was prepared with great care and fidelity by Dr. Burgess in 1840. A printed discourse by Mr. Allin, the first pastor, was found, after a patient search, and inserted in the volume. The title of this collection of sermons was the " Ded ham Pulpit," and the preservation of these sermons, which had become extremely scarce, was an appro priate memorial of the second centennial of the church. On the 17th of January, 1836, the Rev. John White delivered an interesting and valuable his torical discourse upon the first centennial anniversary of the church in the Third Parish. This, with the centennial discourse upon the history of the South Church in the Second Parish by the Rev. Mr. Durfee, delivered June 26, 1836, completed the ob servance of the centennial anniversaries of all the Congregational Churches of the town. It is not a little remarkable that the First Church closed the second century of its existence only about two years after the Second and Third Churches closed their first century. Posterity cannot be too grateful to these faithful pastors for their efforts to preserve these memorials of the past. Some destructive fires occurred between 1830 and 1850 which are worthy of record. On the 30th day of October, 1832, the Dedham Hotel and stable, owned by Timothy Gay, were consumed by fire, and one man and sixty horses perished in the flames, in volving a loss of twenty-eight thousand dollars. On the 7th day of January, 1834, the stable attached to the Phoenix Hotel, which was rebuilt on the same site, was burned and fifty-three horses perished, with a loss of ten thousand dollars. Both these fires were the work of an incendiary, and one John Wade was convicted of the former offense, and sentenced to death, but his sentence was commuted to imprisonment in the State prison for life. The motive was the destruction of the property of the Citizens' Coach Company. Jan. 27, 1837, the railroad station, with cars and loco motive, were burned, with an estimated loss of ten thousand dollars. March 12, 1845, the silk-factory was burned, with a loss of forty thousand dollars. March 28, 1845, the factory near Cart Bridge, used for calico printing, was burned, with a loss of fifteen thousand dollars. On the site of the latter building a carpet-factory was burned in 1827. July 17, 1846, a paper-mill, known as Taft's Mill, belonging to the Norfolk Manufacturing Company, was destroyed, being the third mill burned on the same spot. In January, 1849, another railroad station was burned, and Jan. 17, 1850, the Phoenix stable was again destroyed. These visitations of the same spots by fire are somewhat remarkable. In 1840, the condition of the public schools still continued to be unsatisfactory. The school-houses were small and inconvenient. Even in Dedham vil lage there had been up to a recent period a one-story school-house with two school-rooms. About the year 1848, there began to be a new interest in the improvement of the schools. The school committee recommended the abolition of the school districts, and the establishment of a high school in Dedham village. This latter proposition met with a decided opposition from the people of the other parishes, but at length it was carried by great effort, and the high school was established. It was opened Sept. 15, 1851, and Charles J. Capen was the first master. It was kept in the Masonic Building, on Church Street, and had forty-two scholars at its opening. Mr. Capen re signed in 1852, and was succeeded by Carlos Slafter, DEDHAM. 75 who has remained the master ever since. The school- house was dedicated Dec. 10, 1855, and cost about five thousand five hundred dollars. In the South Parish a new school-house was built in 1851, and in 1856 it was much enlarged and im proved, making the expense of the whole structure about ten thousand dollars. In Dedham village, May 23, 1859, a new and spacious school-house erected by the Centre School District was dedicated. It was named the Ames School, in honor of Fisher Ames. New school-houses had also been built within a few years at West Dedham and at East Dedham. The latter school-house was enlarged and improved in 1860, by adding four rooms at a cost of about six thousand dollars. In 1860, there were remaining but two or three of the small school-houses of the former time. The town also had begun to make more liberal appropriations for the support of the schools. In 1840 the appropriation was three thousand dollars ; in 1850, five thousand dollars; and in 1856, nine thousand seven hundred and ten dollars. The reports of the school committee during this period indicate progress in the condition of the schools themselves, and the establishment of the high school did much to raise the efficiency of the grammar schools. In 1867 the school committee gave names to the schools of the town. By the abolition of the school districts their former designations had become obsolete. The names of men who had by their benefactions or ser vices done something worthy to be recognized, such as Dexter, Avery, Ames, Everett, Colburn, and Fisher, were thus perpetuated. In 1859 a committee reported in favor of building a new town-house, but no action was taken on the subject. In 1849, the railroad from Dedham to Blackstone, then known as the Norfolk County Railroad, was opened. About the same time, and for the purpose of connecting with this road, the Boston and Provi dence Railroad corporation built its new branch through West Roxbury to Dedham. There had been much discussion respecting the building of the rail road to Blackstone for several years, and another rival route had been surveyed, running through the west erly part of the county, known as the " Air-Line." The majority of the people of Dedham favored the Norfolk County route, and so instructed their rep resentative, and the " Air-Line" was constructed through Dover and Needham. Not many years after wards the Norfolk County Railroad passed into the hands of other corporations, and a new road con structed through Dorchester connected with it about a mile and a half south of the village. The effect of these changes in the ownership of the Norfolk County Railroad has been to leave Dedham without any direct railway connection with the westerly and southerly portions of the county, and to the obvious detriment of the shire-town. In addition to the formation of the Universalist Society in the South Parish in 1827 (of which an account has already been given), there were other religious societies formed during the first half of the present century in other parts of the town. Mention has already been made of the organization of the "First Baptist Church" in West Dedham. in 1824, of which the Rev. Samuel Adlam was the first pastor. The succession of pastors after him were Rev. Jona than Aldrich, Jan. 3, 1828, to Feb. 27, 1830 ; Rev. Thomas Driver, May, 1830, to the autumn of 1838; Rev. T. G. Freeman, from the spring of 1839, to April, 1841 ; the Rev. Joseph B. Damon, from Oct. 13, 1841, to October, 1843; the Rev. J. W. Park- hurst, from October, 1843, to Nov. 24, 1850 ; the Rev. Jeremiah Chaplin, from Nov. 24, 1850, to Sept. 6, 1858 ; the Rev. Benjamin W. Gardner, from Nov. 11, 1858, to Nov. 1, 1867; the Rev. I. J. Burgess, from Nov. 1, 1867, to Sept. 9, 1871; the Rev. Samuel J. Frost, from Sept. 15, 1872, to April 26, 1874 ; the Rev. S. C. Chandler, from Sept. 6, 1874, to Jan. 20, 1878 ; the Rev. T. M. Merriman, from April 6, 1879, to May 6, 1883 ; the Rev. E. S. Ufford, from June 28, 1883, to the present time (1884). A Baptist Church was formed in East Dedham, Sept. 13, 1843, consisting of twenty-one members, of whom sixteen were members of the Baptist Church at West Dedham. A small chapel was soon erected, which was removed to High Street, opposite Harrison Grove, in 1846. In 1848, the Rev. William C. Pat terson became the first pastor of the church, and the chapel soon proved too small for the congregation. The new church, built on the corner of Milton and Myrtle Streets, which is the present house of wor ship, was built at a cost of less than five thousand dollars, and was dedicated Nov. 18, 1852. The Rev. Mr. Patterson continued to be the pastor of the church until 1863, when, at the request of the church, the relation of pastor and people was dissolved. In 1866, the Rev. Charles Skinner was called to this church, but he remained less than a year. In 1869 the Rev. A. Edson was recognized as pastor, and re mained one year. In 1871, the Rev. K. H. Campbell was pastor for only a short time. In November, 1875, the Rev. Charles H. Cole was installed as pastor, and he remained until 1878. In 76 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. February, 1879, the Rev. D. C. Bixby was called. The society was then in debt, and the house of wor ship out of repair. By a great effort on the part of pastor and people, some repairs were made and a debt of nearly two thousand dollars canceled. Mr. Bixby closed his pastorate in November, 1880. He was succeeded by Rev. J. H. Wells, May 1, 1881, who is the present incumbent. During the year after his becoming the pastor the house of worship was re paired at a cost of two thousand five hundred dollars. In 1882, Mr. Jonathan Mann, of Milton, presented the society with a fine bell weighing two thousand one hundred and sixty pounds. In 1883, the pastor procured pledges for the sum of two thousand two hundred dollars for the erection of a parsonage, and Mr. Maun purchased and presented a lot of land for the purpose, and at the close of the year 1883 the parsonage was completed. The present number of church members is eighty, and the church and society are in a better condition than ever before. On the 3d day of November, 1858, a Baptist so ciety was formed at South Dedham by members of the First Baptist Church in West Dedham who lived in South Dedham. The house of worship was dedicated April 25, 1862. The first pastor was the Rev. Joseph B. Breed, and his successors were the Rev. J. J. Tucker, from Sept. 1, 1862, to his death, June 13, 1864; Rev. C. Osborn, from April 5, 1864, to Aug. 25, 1865 ; the Rev. George C. Fair banks, from Sept. 6, 1866, to March 9, 1869; Rev. Edwin Bromley, from June 6, 1869, to April 6, 1876 ; Rev. J. H. Gilbert, from Aug. 3, 1876, to ; Rev. W. A. Worthington, from May 4, 1879, to Sept. 12, 1880, and soon after he was succeeded by the Rev. B. W. Barrows, the present pastor. The church edifice of the Methodist Episcopal Church at East Dedham was dedicated Oct. 12, 1843. As early as 1817, the Rev. Enoch Mudge, with his colleague, Rev. Timothy Merritt, both Meth odist preachers, had held meetings in Dedham. In 1825 a "class" was formed of twenty members and attached to the church in Dorchester. Methodist meetings from time to time afterwards were held in Dedham, Lower Plains, and Mill Village. In 1842, Mr. J. E. Pond, of Walpole, a local preacher, was engaged to supply every Sabbath, and this year the Rev. C. K. True baptized nine persons. Ser vices were then held in Trescott's Hall. In 1858 the church edifice was enlarged, and again, during the pastorate of Rev. Z. A. Mudge, in 1880, it was moved, raised, and new vestries put in, and a thoroughly comfortable and commodious house was secured, at an expense of three thousand seven hundred dollars. Reopening services were held in the church on the evening of Oct. 22, 1880. The pastors of this church have been Rev. Henry P. Hall, 1844; Rev. J. L. Hanaford, 1845; Rev. William R Stone and Leonard P. Frost, 1846; Rev, Leonard P. Frost (supplied), 1847 ; Rev. Daniel Richards, 1848-49 ; Rev. John G. Cary, 1850 ; Rev, Kinsman Atkinson, 1851-52 ; Rev. . Howard C. Durham, 1853-54; Rev. John M. Merrill, 1855- 56 ; Rev. Augustus Bailey, 1857 ; Rev. William Pentecost, 1858-59 ; Rev. Mosoly Dwight, 1860-61; Rev. Ichabod Marcy, 1862-63; Rev. William P. Blackmar, 1864-66; Rev. J. W. P. Jordan, 1867; Rev. A. B. Smart (local preacher), 1868-69 ; Rev. F. T. George, 1870; Rev. James A. De Forest, 1871-72 ; Rev. Z. A. Mudge, 1873-75 ; Rev. Wil liam Cottle (local preacher), 1876 ; Rev. Charles H. Vinton, 1877 ; Rev. John Thompson (local preacher), 1878; Rev. Z. A. Mudge, 1879-81; Rev. E. W. Virgin, 1882-84. On the 29th of October, 1860, it being just forty- two years from the day of his ordination as pastor of the church of the First Parish, the Rev. Alvan Lamson, D.D., resigned his office. Two years pre vious he had preached a sermon reviewing the forty years of his ministry, and which may be regarded as his farewell discourse. His text on that occasion was from Deut. viii. 4, " These forty years." and it is not often that a minister is permitted to take the retro spect of so long a ministry himself. Dr. Lamson's election and ordination as pastor was the occasion of a bitter and prolonged controversy, which resulted in a division of the church and parish, and a resort to litigation. But happily, after the strife which im mediately followed his ordination had ended, the internal relations of his society became peaceful and harmonious, and so remained during the rest of the forty-two years ; and this was due in a great measure to the character and influence of Dr. Lamson. While from the beginning he was a Unitarian of the school of Channing, and his works and contributions to the reviews were mainly in exposition and support of Unitarian doctrines and some were published as denominational tracts, yet in his pulpit and in his intercourse with his people he avoided controversy upon doctrinal topics. He labored for peace, and he truly says, in his farewell discourse, " a polemic pulpit was always my aversion."1 Dr. Lamson, in his work entitled " The Church of the First Three Centuries," 1 As an evidence of his desire to conciliate, in 1846 the Rev. Dr. Bates, his predecessor, and a, Calvinist, preached in hi» pulpit by his invitation. DEDHAM. 77 embodied his writings upon the views held upon the Trinity by early Christian writers. Besides, he preached many occasional sermons and wrote some tracts, all of which were published in pamphlet form. He was a scholar of extensive research, espe cially in ecclesiastical history, and his writings are models of pure English, without affectation or redun dancy. As a preacher, he was plain and straight forward, and relied upon his theme to interest his hearers. As a man, he was retiring in his manners, but to those who enjoyed his acquaintance he was genial and cordial. In the community where he lived and labored he was known as an active and intelligent promoter of all its interests, and he exerted a strong influence in raising the condition of the public schools at a time when his efforts were needed. He was a careful and patient student of the local history of Dedham, espe cially as connected with that of the Dedham Church. His sermons published in 1838 and in 1858 contain the results of much research, and form a complete and exhaustive history of the church and parish. He was the first president of the Dedham Historical Society, and attended its meetings so long as his health permitted. He died July 18, 1864, of paral ysis, at the age of seventy-one years. In 1861 the Rev. Ebenezer Burgess, D.D., retired from the active labors of his pastoral office, after a ministry of forty years. The fact that both Dr. Lamson and Dr. Burgess should remain as pastors during the same number of years, and for so long a period, is somewhat remarkable. Dr. Burgess was born in Wareham, April 1, 1790, and was graduated at Brown University in 1809. He was a tutor for a time in that college, and afterwards a professor in the University of Vermont. In 1817 he visited the Colony of Liberia under the auspices of the American Colonization Society. He pursued his theological studies at Andover and Princeton. He also studied with Dr. Griffin, at Newark, N. J., and with Dr. Emmons, at Franklin. He adhered to the ancient faith of the early churches of the colony, and the modifications of creeds which occurred during his time, even in his own denomination, did not affect his own belief. He was a Puritan in doctrine and in practice. He viewed with distrust the innovations upon old customs and practices in religious worship, such as the introduction of the organ in sacred music. He was a minister of the old school, impos ing in his presence and precise but courteous in his manners. He was inflexible in- adhering to his con victions of duty, and to the prerogatives of a pas tor. He was faithful and devoted to his pastoral duties, and during all his ministry was liberal in his charities, and gave largely from the ample means at his command, not only to his own church and society, but to Christian missions, in which he took a great interest. His sermons were concise in expression, and his manner as a preacher was dignified and im pressive. Dr. Burgess wrote little for the press. In 1840, he edited a volume of sermons of the pastors of the First Church, entitled "Dedham Pulpit;" he wrote for Sprague's " Annals" a " Reminiscence of Samuel J. Mills" in 1849, and the " Burgess Geneal ogy," published in 1865. He died Dec. 5, 1870, at bis estate, " Broad Oak," where he had built a man sion many years before, and continued to reside after his withdrawal from the ministry, in 1861. He was the president of the Dedham Institution for Savings from the date of its organization until his death. In the church and society of the Third Parish in West Dedham the Rev. Calvin S. Locke was ordained as the successor of the Rev. John White (who died Feb. 1, 1852), on the 6th day of December, 1854. Mr. Locke remained the pastor until June, 1864. After a vacancy of two years, the Rev. Henry Westcott was with the society one year, and Rev. Eiisha Gifford received a call Aug. 12, 1867, and resigned March 11, 1872. The Rev. Edward Crowninshield began his ministry Jan. 1, 1873, and closed his pastoral connection May 31, 1879. The Rev. George W. Cooke has been the pastor since December, 1880. In the summer and autumn of 1855, repairs costing upwards of twelve hundred dollars were made in the church edifice. The floor was raised, a lower and more elegant pulpit was substituted for the old one, the walls and ceiling frescoed, and the pews exchanged for concentric seats. The Ladies' Benevolent Society carpeted, cushioned, and furnished the church. The new horse-sheds were built in 1869. The Rev. Mr. Locke, on the 7th of December, 1879, preached an occasional sermon, which was printed,. and from which these facts are taken. The church was struck by lightning and seriously damaged in April, 1883. In the church connected with the First Parish, upon the resignation of the Rev. Dr. Lamson in 1860, after the lapse of a few months the Rev. Benjamin H. Bailey was ordained as pastor March 14, 1861, and he remained until Oct. 13, 1867, when he re signed. He was succeeded by Rev. George M. Fol- som, installed March 31, 1869, and resigned July 1, 1875. The Rev. Seth Curtis Beach was installed as his successor Dec. 29, 1875, and is the present in cumbent. In 1856 the parish erected a vestry, which was much enlarged and improved in 1879, at a cost of about three thousand three hundred dollars. The old meeting-house of 1763, which was remod- 78 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. eled and improved in 1819, was again remodeled in 1857 in the interior, by removing the pews and sub stituting the concentric seats for the pews, and the erection of a new and lower pulpit, placed in a recess at one end of the church. At the same time a large and excellent organ was placed in the gallery, built by the Messrs. Hook. The " New Meeting-House," as it was called in the act of incorporation, and which title was retained until 1864, was much improved and refitted with a pulpit of rosewood in 1846. In 1857 a large and superior- toned organ was placed in a recess behind the pulpit. In 1866, the whole interior was remodeled and made more convenient. In 1864, the society was reorgan ized under the name of the " Allin Evangelical Soci ety," and the church in 1876 adopted the name of the " First Congregational Church in Dedham." The Rev. Jonathan Edwards was installed as pas tor of the church Jan. 1. 1863. He was dismissed at his own request, on account of continued ill health, April 13, 1874. The Rev. Charles M. Southgate was installed as his successor Dec. 16, 1875, and he still continues to be pastor of the church. The con fession of faith now in use was adopted in March, 1875. The membership of this church Jan. 1, 1884, was three hundred and eleven. In 1876 the chapel connected with the church edifice was much enlarged and improved, at a cost of four thousand five hundred dollars. On the 7th day of December, 1856, St. Paul's (Episcopal) Church, erected in 1846, was wholly consumed by fire, with its organ and all its contents. The loss was a severe one to the parish, and to the village, since it was a tasteful and attractive church. Both the Unitarian and Orthodox Con gregational Churches immediately tendered the use of their houses of worship to the parish of St. Paul's Church, which offers were declined with thanks, and the use of the court-room in the court-house was ob tained for the purpose of holding their services. Im mediate measures were taken to rebuild the church of stone, and of somewhat larger proportions. The wealthier parishioners made large subscriptions. The stone was given by the heirs of John Bullard, from their quarry about a mile and a half from the village. The architect was Arthur Gilman, of Boston, and I. & H. M. Harmon were the contractors. The church was finished and the tower carried up two stories. The organ was given by Mr. Joseph W. Clark, and the stained-glass windows, made by Doremus, of New York, were the gift of Mr. Ira Cleveland. The stone font was the gift of Mrs. E. F. Babcock, the wife of the rector. The cost of the church thus con structed was eighteen thousand three hundred and thirty-six dollars and fifty-one cents. In 1859 the tower and spire were finished, at an additional cost of twelve thousand one hundred and forty-three dollars and eighty-one cents. In 1875 the brick chapel was erected, at a cost, including the furniture, of about seven thousand dollars, and paid for from a legacy given to the parish for the purpose by George E. Hatton, M.D., in his last will. The interior decorations, made by Mr. Arthur Noble in 1882 and 1883, were also given by Mr. Cleveland, at an expense of three thousand five hundred dollars, The organ was also remodeled and enlarged in 1882 at the expense of Mr. J. W. Clark, the original donor. In 1881, Mr. Cleveland placed the chime often bells in the tower of the church, made by Meneely & Co. of Troy, N. Y., and costing five thousand three hun dred and forty dollars. The services of the Roman Catholic Church began about the year 1846, and were at first held in private houses. Afterwards services were held in Temperance Hall until 1857. St. Mary's Church, on Washington Street, was built and completed in 1857. The Rev. P. O'Beirne, of Roxbury, was the priest who had charge of the parish from 1846 to 1866. The old meeting-house of the Universalist Society in South Dedham was sold in April, 1863, to the Rev. P. O'Beirne. It has since been enlarged and improved, and is known as St. Catherine's Church. The Rev. J. P. Brennan had charge of the parish from 1866 to 1877. The Rev. J. D. Tierney was curate during a portion of this time, and the Rev. D. J. O'Donavan was curate during the remainder. The Rev. D. J. O'Donavan was the priest in charge from January, 1877, to August, 1878. In June, 1866, Martin Bates, the owner of the hotel last known as the Norfolk House, and which had been kept as a hotel for many years, conveyed that estate to Ann Alexis Shorb and others, Sisters of the Society of St. Vincent de Paul, in trust for the use of St. Mary's School and Asylum. The Sisters of Charity had a school in this building from 1867 to 1879, since which time it has been sus pended. The land and house for parsonage, and the adjoin ing land for a church site, were purchased by the Rev. J. P. Brennan in June, 1867. The Rev. Robert J. Johnson took charge of the parish in August, 1878, with the Rev! J. J. McNulty as curate. In 1878 a church was built at East Ded ham, and is known as St. Raphael's Church. The Rev. Mr. Johnson now has charge over the two churches in Dedham and St. Catherine's, in Norwood. DEDHAM. 79 The corner-stone of the new church now being erected on High Street was laid Oct. 17, 1880. It is one hundred and fifty feet in length, and sixty-six feet in width. It is being built of Dedham granite, and when completed will be the largest and most im posing church of the town. It is estimated that the number of Roman Catholics in Dedham is about two thousand. The number of scholars in the Sunday- school of St. Mary's Church is about four hundred. In 1852, a part of Dedham was set off to West Roxbury. Previous to this time the territory of Dedham had extended some distance north of Charles River, but by the legislative act of 1852 the centre of the channel of Charles River became the boundary- line between West Roxbury and Dedham, from Cow Island Pond to a point about one hundred and fifty rods easterly of Blue Rock Bridge. The same line is now the boundary-line between Dedham and Boston. In the same year, a small portion of the territory of Dedham was annexed to Walpole. A considerable portion of the village of East Walpole stands upon the portion of Dedham then annexed to Walpole. In 1853 the Dedham Gas-Light Company was in corporated, with a capital of fifty thousand dollars. This company has its works at East Dedham. In 1871 the name was changed to the Dedham and Hyde Park Gas Company, for the purpose of extend ing its pipes to Hyde Park. This company continues to supply gas for lighting the streets and houses in Dedham village and East Dedham, and to some ex tent in the neighboring town of Hyde Park. In 1862 the Dedham Historical Society was in corporated " for the purpose of collecting and pre serving such books, newspapers, records, pamphlets, and traditions as may tend to illustrate and perpetuate the history of New England, and especially the his tory of the town of Dedham." This society has a valuable collection, especially of books and pamphlets relating to the history of Dedham. It also has one of the hand corn-mills imported by Governor Win- throp, a sermon by the Rev. John Allin printed in 1672, together with many other objects of interest. The society has needed for many years a suitable room or building where its collection could be ar ranged and made accessible. For a number of years it has been stored in a small room in the court-house, but this is quite insufficient for the purpose. With a suitable building, and a fund sufficient for the care and preservation of its collection, this society would be able to attract to itself and its purposes a much greater interest than it has succeeded in doing here tofore. The officers of the society for 1883-84 are Henry 0. Hildreth, president; Alfred Heuries, vice-presi dent ; Rev. Carlos Slafter, corresponding secretary ; Waldo Colburn, Erastus Worthington, Henry W. Richards, curators; A. Ward Lamson, George F. Fisher, auditors ; Don Gleason Hill, historiographer ; George F. Fisher, chronicler. CHAPTER XI. DEDHAM— (Continued). The Civil War, 1861-65— Companies of Dedham Men— Their Services in the War — Commodore G. J. Van Brunt — Expenses of the War for Bounties and Aid to Soldiers' Families — Me morial Hall — Names of those who Fell Inscribed on the Tablets. At the beginning of tlje civil war in 1861, there was no militia company in Dedham. None had ex isted since 1842. There were a few men residing in Dedham who belonged to the regiments of volunteer militia, and they at once joined their companies and went to Washington for three months' service. But the inhabitants of Dedham, while they differed as to the political causes of the war, were united in their efforts to sustain the President in his call for seventy- five thousand volunteers. The young men immedi ately took steps to form a company, in anticipation that their services would soon be required. The ladies with great promptness forwarded to the Gov ernor, on the 23d of April, sixty flannel shirts for the soldiers about to depart. The town, at a meeting legally called on the 6th of May, by formal resolution pledged itself " to stand by the volunteers and protect their families during the war," and appropriated ten thousand dollars for this general purpose. The first company was formed early in May, and while waiting to be assigned to some regiment the men employed themselves in perfecting their drill. The town sup plied them with uniforms, and allowed them com pensation during a certain period. In August, this company was mustered into the service of the United States as Company F, Eighteenth Regiment, Massa chusetts Volunteer Infantry. The regiment was com manded by Col. James Barnes, a graduate 'of West Point, an officer possessing high qualifications, as was subsequently proved. All the commissioned officers and fifty-six men of this company belonged in Dedham. Its officers were Henry Onion, captain, with Charles W. Carroll as first lieutenant, and Fisher A. Baker as second lieutenant, the two latter having recently graduated from Dartmouth College. Nine Dedham 80 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. men also enlisted in Company H of the same regi ment. On the 26th of August, they left for the seat of war. They parted from their friends expecting a short campaign and a speedy return, so little was the nature of the conflict understood at its beginning. The regiment was assigned to Martindale's brigade, and, after being engaged in drill and working on the fortifications of Washington, on the 26th of Septem ber it took up its position at Hall's Hill, Va. Here the company spent the winter in camp. The ladies sent them a supply of garments, and the citizens generally sent them a feast for New- Year's day. Some of their townsmen visited them in camp, and a few obtained furloughs to visit their homes. Three deaths oc curred during the winter, Sergt. Damrell and privates Guild and Stevens, whose remains were brought home for burial. On the 28th of October, 1861, Capt. Onion resigned his commission, and Lieut. Carroll was commissioned ¦ as captain, Second Lieut. Baker as first lieutenant, and Edward M. Onion as second lieutenant. The com pany with its regiment served during the Peninsular campaign, but during all the battles before Richmond, the Eighteenth was detached from its brigade and did not participate in the engagements. Private Jordan, of Company H, who had left his company, was killed while in the ranks of the Ninth Regiment. In the battle at Gaines' Mills Adjt. Thomas Sherwin, of the Twenty-second Massachusetts Infantry, was wounded, and was promoted major for gallant conduct, his com mission dating June 28th, the day succeeding the battle. In the series of battles prior to the second battle of Bull Run, the Eighteenth bore a prominent part, being attached to Porter's corps. In the battle of Bull Run it suffered severely. Of the Dedham com pany, seven were either killed or died afterwards of wounds then received, and five others were wounded more or less severely. Among them was Carroll, the brave young captain, who fell mortally wounded, and was left on the field within the enemy's lines, where he died three days after. He was decently buried on the field, but his remains were subsequently brought home. Corp. Edward Holmes, privates Robert R. Covey, George 0. Kingsbury, and Henry D. Smith were killed on the field. Privates Edmund L. Thomas and George N. Worthen lingered, mortally wounded, but a few days in the hospitals, and died soon after, the former near Washington and the latter at Philadelphia. It is stated that of forty men of the company who were engaged, fourteen only came out unharmed. Of Company F, Corp. William Simpson and privates Elias W. Adams, Edward G. Cox, Sumner A. Ellis, Patrick Mears, and Isaac N. Parker were wounded, and soon after discharged hy reason of their wounds. The first rumors of this disastrous battle reached Dedham on Sunday, Aug. 31, 1862. On the 'day previous, a telegraphic dispatch had been published that the enemy were retreating to the mountains. Special messengers had been sent to many of the towns near Boston, and the services in the churches of the village were interrupted with the announce ment that a great battle had been fought, and a call made for lint, bandages, and stimulants. The re ligious services were at once suspended, and men, women, and children went to work with a will. Six teen large packages of necessary articles, including a large amount of clothing, bandages, lint, jellies, cor dials, were sent on that Sunday afternoon, and more was afterwards dispatched. After the close of the Peninsular campaign the President had called for three hundred thousand men for three years, and the quota assigned to Massachu setts was fifteen thousand. Of this number the quota of Dedham was sixty-nine. In the autumn and winter previous, a number of Dedham men had also enlisted in the Twentieth, Twenty-second, and Twenty-fourth Massachusetts Infantry, and were then at the seat of war. The realities of war had been fully brought home to the people, and the quota of D.edham was to be raised in view of them. The recruiting was carried on under the direction of the selectmen thenceforward during the war. On the 21st of July the town voted to pay a bounty of one hundred dollars to each volunteer, with aid to families, and appropriated six thousand nine hundred dollars for the bounties. A large and impressive meeting was held July 10th, before the legal town-meeting. A roll was opened and a call made for volunteers. The first man to sign the roll was the father of the boy who had been killed at Gaines' Mills. Another was a young man who had been recently graduated at Harvard College, and was just beginning his professional studies. A third announced his purpose in earnest words, to which subsequently a severe wound received in battle, nearly a year's confinement in four rebel prisons, and ad hering to his regiment to the last day of its service, bore ample testimony. With such a spirit animating them, others were en rolled, and soon the number was complete. Uniting with men from Needham and Weston, they consti tuted Company I, Thirty-fifth Massachusetts Infantry, Col. Edward A. Wild. The captain was Sidney Willard, of Weston, but its first lieutenant was John Lathrop, and the second lieutenant was William Hill, DEDHAM. 81 both of Dedham. Without any opportunities for drill or organization, the regiment left Boston Aug. 22, 1862, for the seat of war. On their arrival in Washington they were immediately assigned to the defenses of the city, throwing up earthworks and doing picket-duty. They were near their townsmen who were in the Eighteenth Regiment, who had pre ceded them one year in the service, and they heard the guns around Centreville on the day of the dis astrous battle of Bull Run. Both companies were now in the Army of the Po tomac, the first having the discipline of veterans but ! with thinned ranks, while the second, as yet imperfect in the duties of the soldier, was fresh and vigorous. The Eighteenth still remained with Porter's cosps, and the Thirty-fifth was in the Ninth Corps, under Burn- • side. The army was then in motion towards Mary land, to meet Lee in his first invasion of what may ' be termed the neutral ground of the Rebellion. The ' necessities of those days were inexorable, and called - for long and rapid marches. Burnside's corps started ¦ first, and on the 14th September — only three weeks after they had left their homes — our men of the Thirty-fifth met the enemy at South Mountain. : The Thirty-fifth on that day dislodged rebel sharp- '. shooters from an extensive tract of forest, and received . a sharp attack from the enemy. Here private George F. Whiting was mortally wounded, and died on the 7th of October. Sergt. Henry W. Tisdale and private : Clinton Bagley were wounded, the former severely. ; With no knowledge of battalion movements, and : having had but a brief period for drill, this new • regiment encountered the disciplined brigades of the ¦ enemy, and stood the test firmly. But South Mountain was a prelude only to the memorable battle of An detain, three days after. Porter's corps, which left Washington on the 12th, now joined the main army, and on the 17th supported i batteries in the battle. The Thirty-fifth was engaged in the movements of Burnside's corps, which had a : 'highly important part in the battle. They charged i the enemy, drove him over the bridge, and held the crest of the second hill beyond, until ordered to retire. They behaved with such steadiness and gallantry as to receive the highest encomiums of their commander. Thus within a month from their departure from home this regiment had been twice on hard-fought fields, and in the thickest of the battles. But they had told fearfully upon the regiment. Of those pres ent, two-thirds of the officers and nearly one-third of the men had been disabled. At Antietam, Corp. Edward E. Hatton (a true man and a brave sol dier), and privates Charles H. Sulkoski and Joseph 6 P. White, of South Dedham, were killed. 'Corp. Edmund Davis was very severely wounded, and six others were wounded more or less severely, of whom private Nathan C. Treadwell died about a month after. Besides these, there were two of the company killed and several wounded who belonged elsewhere. Such was the share of Company I in the glory and sacrifices of Antietam. Company F of the Eighteenth surtained no loss at Antietam, but at Shepardstown, on the 20th, they were engaged with their regiment, which lost three killed and eleven wounded. The Maryland campaign ended with the retirement of Lee into Virginia, and whither also returned the Army of the Potomac, but with unequal steps. Soon after the call under which Dedham had fur nished sixty-nine men for the Thirty-fifth Regiment, there came yet another call from the President, with an order for a draft, to which Dedham was required to respond with one hundred and twenty-two men for nine months' service. In anticipation of the draft, the town offered a bounty of two hundred dol lars, with aid to families, to volunteers. The short term of service was a great inducement to some who were unable to enlist for three years, and soon the requisite number was made up, almost exclusively from Dedham. These chiefly constituted Company D, Forty-third Regiment Massachusetts Infantry. Its captain was Thomas G. Whytal, of West Rox bury, the first lieutenant, Edward A. Sumner, and the second lieutenant, James Schouler, both of Ded ham. On the 24th of October, 1862, it was ordered to North Carolina, where it remained during nearly the whole term of its service. The regiment was under fire at Kinston and Whitehall in December. The Dedham company, with two others, was detached for picket-duty for a time, and afterwards marched with the regiment on Trenton ; was ordered to the relief of Little Washington, and encountered the enemy at Blount's Creek. It was then occupied in picket-duty and those other nameless duties which constitute so large a part of a soldier's life in camp. On the 27th of June it was ordered to report to Gen. Dix, and proceeded to White House, on the Pamun- key, in Virginia, thence to Fortress Monroe, and thence to Baltimore. On the 7th of July, the term 'of service having expired, it was left to the option of the men to go to the front (this being immediately after the battle of Gettysburg), or to return home, and two hundred of the regiment remained, among whom were thirteen of the Dedham company. These returned home July 21st, and all were mustered out July 30, 1863. 82 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. Sufch briefly is the record of the company of nine months' men. But one of its number had died, and his was an accidental death at Readville. It will not do, however, to infer from this that their service was light or unimportant. They were in a department where no considerable active operations were carried on during their term of service. But whenever called upon, as they often were, for special duty, their record shows it was well performed ; and there is no doubt but they would have acquitted themselves with honor in any exigency of the service. Nothing decisive had occurred with the Army of the Potomac after the battle of Antietam until the 13th of December, 1862, when occurred that saddest of all the battles of the war, the assault upon Fred ericksburg. The army was now under Burnside, and his name is inseparably associated with that ill- starred movement. In this assault, both of the com panies bore a very prominent part. The Eighteenth was the leading regiment of its corps, and on the 13th, having remained until one o'clock on the oppo site side of the river, then crossed and engaged in the battle, which lasted until dark. The regiment charged the enemy and nearly penetrated his forti fied position and stronghold on Mary's Heights, when it was compelled to return. It rallied again, however, and was in advance of the corps throughout the battle. The record adds : " It is believed that the dead of this regiment lay nearer the enemy's works than those of any other engaged upon that part of the field." Two Dedham men in this regiment were killed, privates Jonathan H. Keyes and Daniel Leahey, and several were wounded. The regiment lost in this engagement two officers and eleven men killed, and nine officers and one hundred and twelve men wounded. The position of the Thirty-fifth was scarcely less exposed, being in the advance of its corps, and they received a deadly fire at short range. They held their ground until, their ammunition being exhausted, their brigade was relieved. It was the last regiment but one to leave Fredericksburg. The gallant Maj. Willard, who commanded the regiment in the assault, was mortally wounded while leading his men sword in hand. He was the first captain of Company I, although not a resident of Dedham. Lieut. William Hill, of Company I, but who on that day was in command of Company K, and private George C. Bunker were killed on the heights and buried on the field. Four Dedham soldiers of this company were wounded more or less severely. The whole loss of the regiment was about sixty. The survivors of both companies may recall with satisfaction and soldierly pride the deeds performed on that bloody and unsuo. cessful day at Fredericksburg. The army now ceased active operations until the spring of 1863, when Gen. Hooker assumed command and it entered upon the Chancellorsville campaign. On the 2d and 3d of May the Eighteenth was engaged and lost one officer and thirteen men killed, but none of these were from Dedham. In the Second Massa chusetts Infantry, private Michael Henihan, a Ded ham soldier, was killed, his being the only name in that heroic regiment of a Dedham man who was killed during the war. The Thirty-fifth had now been detached from the Army of the Potomac and sent to another and dis tant department. In March, 1863, it had proceeded with the reorganized Ninth Corps (Burnside's) to the Southwest, where its services were much needed. April and May it passed in Kentucky. Thence it was transported down the Mississippi to the vi cinity of Vicksburg, where the men threw up earth works and defenses. They were now with the Army of the Tennessee, under the command of Gen. Grant, Under Sherman, after the surrender of Vicksburg, they marched into the interior of Mississippi in pur suit of the force of Gen. Johnston. After days of toilsome and painful marches, with frequent skir mishing and a brief siege, they captured Jackson, the capital of the State. Here the Thirty-fifth had the honor of being the first regiment to plant its colors within the city, pulling down the rebel ensign from the State-House and of throwing to the breeze the stars and stripes. In this campaign, private David Phalen died in camp of disease. In AugUBt, the regiment almost exactly retraced its steps, and on the 1st of October was in Kentucky. The Army of the Potomac, in the mean time, had again moved into Maryland and Pennsylvania to repel Lee's second invasion. In the great victory of Get tysburg the Eighteenth was engaged, and lost one man killed and thirteen wounded, but the name of no Dedham soldier appears among them. But Ded ham was not without its representative in the sacrifices of that victorious field. On the 3d of July, Sergt. Edward Hutchins, of the First Company Andrews' Sharpshooters, received his death-wound, and lin gered but two hours. He was a faithful and fearless soldier, and one well qualified for his peculiar service, The Eighteenth was in the battle at Rappahannook Station, Nov. 7th, and at Mine Creek on the 29th and 30th of the same month. These concluded its campaigns in 1863. The Thirty-fifth, in October, marched across the mountains through Cumberland Gap to KnoxviUe, DEDHAM. 83 Tenn. It was engaged at Loudon Bridge and Camp bell's Station, and afterwards fell back to Knoxville, then besieged by the enemy under Gen. Longstreet. It was during this campaign, that private Charles Henry Ellis, the regimental clerk, was taken prisoner, was confined in Belle Isle prison, and, it is supposed, died in Richmond the succeeding year. During this winter, the regiment suffered much for want of food and clothing. In March its Western campaign ended, and it was transported again to Annapolis, Md., where the Ninth Corps was again reorganized. We are now brought to the last and greatest act of the drama, — Grant's overland campaign, — which on the one hand is characterized as " a campaign un surpassed by any on record in the elements which make war grand, terrible, and bloody," but on the other, it should also be said, a campaign invested with a glory that will never fade, since it brought a victory and peace. At home the summer and autumn of 1864 were the darkest period of the war. Men had learned to feel the dread perils of battle to the cause of the country, as well as to the lives of our soldiers. All available able-bodied men had been sent to the field. The draft, like a heavy cloud, brooded over the community. A Presidential cam paign had intervened to divide men in their counsels, if it did not destroy their harmony of action. The country seemed to rest under a shadow which nothing could dispel. It was, however, the darkness which precedes the dawn, though the day was as yet afar off. Again the two Dedham companies were in Vir ginia; the Eighteenth Regiment being in Ayre's brigade, Fifth Corps (Warren's), numbering about three hundred men. The Thirty-fifth remained in the Ninth Corps, with about two hundred and fifty men ready for duty. The corps was still under Burnside, whose command was independent of Gen. Meade, then commanding the Army of the Potomac. All acted under the orders of Gen. Grant. On the 3d of May, 1864, at midnight, the march began, the Fifth Corps having the right of the column. On the 5th of May, while reconnoitring for the enemy, the Eighteenth was the first regiment to encounter Ewell's corps, then moving in pursuit. The first infantry man killed in the campaign be longed to the Eighteenth, and it received the brunt of the first assault of the enemy in the battles of the Wilderness. During all those marvelous battles lasting three days, where neither cavalry nor artillery could be used, where " not only were the lines of battle entirely hidden from the sight of the com mander, but no officer could see ten files from him," the Eighteenth was engaged in skirmishing and in assaults upon intrenchments. No fatal casualties occurred among our Dedham men, but Col. Hayes was severely wounded, and several were killed and wounded in the regiment. The Thirty-fifth, with the Ninth Corps, crossed the Rapidan two days later, and passing over the battle-grounds at Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville, arrived in the Wilderness during the second day's battle. In the movement towards Spottsylvania the Fifth Corps were charged with the duty of seizing Spottsylvania Court-House. Both the Fifth and Ninth Corps were in line of battle on the north of Spottsylvania. Here occurred one of the most fierce and deadly struggles of the war. In the engagement of the 18th of May the Thirty-fifth participated. The result of the battles leaving the Union lines intact, another turning movement was determined upon. On the 20th of May the hostile armies again? confronted each other at the North Anna River. The Eight eenth, crossing at Jericho Ford, was then detached from its brigade to occupy an eminence where it was exposed to a heavy fire from Hill's corps, during which assault Lieut.-Col. White was wounded. The Thirty-fifth crossed on the 24th, when it began a brilliant skirmish, followed by the whole brigade. The enemy were driven into their works, but a sud den storm and a fresh force of the enemy compelled the regiment to retire. On the 23d of May, at the battle on the North Anna River, Sergt. John Finn, Jr., Twenty-second Massachusetts Infantry, — a Dedham soldier who had well earned promotion, — received a wound on his arm which rendered amputation necessary, and he died from its effects on the 5th of June. Another flank movement of the Union army turned it towards the Chickahominy, " a wet ditch on the outer fortifications of Richmond," and a place of sad memories for soldiers of the campaign of 1862. But before the passage of the Chickahominy, another fearful battle awaited them at Cold Harbor. War ren's corps, a few days previous, had encountered the enemy on the Shady Church road, where a branch of the Tolopotomy crossed it, and had fre quent skirmishes with the enemy. While near Bethesda Church, and holding a line nearly four miles in extent, the enemy fell upon it with great vigor and inflicted a considerable loss. In the assault at Cold Harbor, the Fifth Corps did not actively par ticipate. The Ninth Corps was partially engaged, and the Thirty-fifth was employed in throwing up earthworks. But in that bloody battle Dedham had a representative in the list of the killed. The 84 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. Twentieth Massachusetts Infantry was with the Sec ond Corps (Hancock's) holding the left of the assault ing column. On the 3d of June, private Albert C. Bean, of Company I, was wounded, and died five days after. On the 7th of June, the Eighteenth reached the Chickahominy, and, after some days' skirmishing, crossed on the 13th of June. They passed the James on the 16th of June, and marched directly to the fortifications in front of Petersburg. Here they were engaged in throwing up earthworks in the presence of the enemy. On the 5th of July, private Cyrus D. Tewksbury, who had served from the be ginning, was killed, — the last man of the Eighteenth to fall in battle. It is a somewhat curious fact, and perhaps worthy of mention, that the first of the Ded ham men who fell in battle in 1862 and the last just named, were cousins, both belonging to the same company and regiment, and died on fields not many miles distant from each other. The Eighteenth had now reached nearly the end of its term of service of three years, and on the 20th of July it was ordered to Washington in anticipation of discharge. Twelve of our Dedham men had re- enlisted, and these, together with those whose term was not ended, remained with the Eighteenth Bat talion and did good service. When the officers were mustered out, this battalion was merged in the Thirty-second Regiment. Among these men was private Henry C. Everett, who died in Washington Jan. 19, 1865. On the 3d of September, 1864, the old Eighteenth was mustered out of service, and its honorable record closed. It had participated in some fifteen battles. Of the fifty-eight who enlisted from Dedham, eleven had fallen on the field, six had died from disease and wounds received in battle, eight had been discharged by reason of wounds, and thirteen by reason of dis ability resulting from wounds. Of the whole com pany, twenty-three men had either died or fallen in battle. The regiment bore an honorable part in nearly all the great general battles of the Army of the Potomac, except those of the Peninsula before Richmond and its tattered battle-flag bears no stain, save from the blood of its defenders. While often called to share in the defeat of the Army of the Potomac, yet in the darkest hours of the war it kept its high discipline, unswerving fidelity, and patriotic faith; and although it did not see the days of final victory, it aided in accomplishing those unparalleled movements, and fighting those continuous battles, which made com plete victory possible at the last. Upon the return home of the few brave men left of the company, they were welcomed with fitting ceremonies, in which all joined with grateful hearts, though sensible that the formalities of a public occasion but inadequately ex pressed their debt of gratitude. The men of the Thirty-fifth were now destined to bear a part in the siege of Petersburg and the closing campaign. At first they were employed " in throw ing up earthworks and batteries, laying down abattis," and in the construction of works necessary for a be sieging army. At the memorable explosion of the " Mine," July 30th, it was their duty to advance after the explosion, and turn the works of the enemy, which they accomplished. Private Michael Colbert was killed in the advance of the regiment over the works, and the regiment lost one officer and nine men killed, and three officers and twenty-eight men wounded. The dead were buried under a flag of truce. Being now in the immediate presence of the enemy, they were frequently engaged, and suffered considerable losses, especially while in position on the Weldon Railroad. At Poplar Spring Church, Septem ber 30th, the regiment was repulsed by an attack on the right and rear, with a loss of nine killed and one hundred and fifty prisoners. In the same action John W. Fiske, formerly a sergeant in Company I, but re. cently promoted to be first lieutenant in the Fifty- eighth Massachusetts Infantry, which was also en gaged, was killed, and buried on the field. He was an efficient officer, and much beloved. Nothing decisive occurred to the regiment during the winter of 1864-65. In March, 1865, it was re moved to a part of Fort Sedgwick, about four hun dred yards from the enemy's works, — a post of great danger, being subject to an almost continuous fire- where it remained one month. On the 2d of April it assaulted Fort Mahone, the rebel work opposite, and held a portion of it. During the same night, Petersburg was evacuated by the enemy, and on the next morning the men had the proud satisfaction of marching through the streets of Petersburg with colors flying, band playing, and of receiving, with shouts of victory and welcome, the President of the United States as he rode along their lines. On the 9th of April occurred the surrender of Lee at Appomat tox Court-House, and at last peace had come, crowned with honor and victory. The regiment passed in review at Washington, May 23d, reached Massachu setts on the 13th of June, and was mustered out of service on the 27th. The Thirty-fifth saw nearly three years of active and arduous service, beginning almost with the day of its arrival in the field. On its colors are in scribed, by an order of Gen. Meade, the names of DEDHAM. 85 thirteen battles, to which was afterwards added a fourteenth. The record shows that its campaigns were not limited to a State or a department, but that in Kentucky, East Tennessee, and Mississippi, as well as in Maryland and Virginia, it was actively em ployed. In many of its battles its position was among the most exposed to the enemy, and sometimes in the most deadly conflicts. Indeed, it became a proverb among the soldiers that the commanding officer of the Thirty-fifth was sure to be struck down in every engagement. Of the sixty-eight who en listed from Dedham, six were killed in battle, and one more died soon after of his wounds, five died in the service from disease, eight were discharged on account of their wounds, and eleven for disability. At the expiration of their service it was desired to give the men a public welcome, but with a soldierly modesty they declined the invitation, saying they preferred to pass without ceremony from the life of the soldier to that of the citizen. They went when days were dark, and men were few ; they returned when the anthems of victory were resounding through the land, and they would have received shouts of wel come and of gratitude. Yet in their triumphs, as in their trials, they were true to themselves, and chose the conscious rewards of duty done, rather than the loud plaudits of their fellow-citizens. The roll of the dead is not yet complete. In other regiments than those to which reference has been made — both of Massachusetts and of other States- are to be found the names of men born and reared in Dedham. The Twenty-fourth, Twenty- eighth, Thirty- ninth, and Fifty-sixth Massachusetts Infantry each had one man from Dedham among those killed in battle. From two regiments of Massachusetts cav alry three names appear. Three died as prisoners of war, without a friend to minister to their last neces sities, or even to raise for them a humble headstone. In that hecatomb at Fort Wagner — where the negro so nobly vindicated his right to the name and fame of the soldier- — Dedham had one representative. Vir ginia, the Carolinas, and Georgia hold the ashes of Dedham men, and at the battle of Cane River, in Louisiana, while leading his men to the charge, Capt. Julius M. Lathrop fell, closing a long and honorable service, in which rank was nobly earned, with a tri umphant and peaceful death. In this general survey of the services rendered by Dedham soldiers in the field during the civil war, no biographies of the heroic dead have been attempted. But among them were true and noble men, whose memories are gratefully cherished in Dedham. The old town had its full share in the sacrifices and strug gles of those memorable years. The record of her brave sons who marched to the battle-fields of the war is one of which she has always been proud, and has been ready to perpetuate. Besides those who served in the army during the war of the Rebellion, there were a number who had various positions in the navy. Prominent among these was Commodore Gershom J. Van Brunt, for many years a resident of Dedham. He was a native of New Jersey, and entered the service from that State in 1818. In the spring of 1861, he was as signed to the command of the steam frigate " Minne sota," was employed in the severe and trying blockade service at Hampton Roads, and also took an important part in the reduction of the Hatteras forts. He was subsequently intrusted with the supervision and equipment of the expedition to New Orleans under Gen. Banks, and at the time of his death was acting, under the orders of the War Department, as inspector of transports for the New England district. He received his commission as commodore in July, 1862. He died at his residence in Dedham, Dec. 17, 1863. Those who saw him in the early days of the Rebellion, or who knew of his service afterwards, will not soon forget his fervent zeal, lofty patriotism, and unswerving faith in the ultimate triumph of the flag of his country. The town was liberal in its appropriations of money for bounties and aid to soldiers' families during the war. The raising of each quota of men required large sums of money and for a considerable period the constant efforts of the selectmen, who were officially charged with the business of obtaining vol unteers. A statement of moneys expended during the war, made in 1868, is probably nearly accurate. It is taken from the appendix to the pamphlet con taining the exercises at the dedication of Memorial Hall, Sept. 29, 1868 : Amount Expended by the Town of Dedham for Soldiers' Boun ties and Aid of Soldiers' Families during the War of the Rebellion. Whole number of men raised and mustered into the military and naval service, six hundred and seventy-two. Company F, Eighteenth Regiment Massachusetts Infantry— 59 men. For outfit, uniforms, etc., under vote of May 6, 1861 $1591.66 For drill, under votes of May 6 and May 27, 1861 2573.15 For further pay for drill under vote of June 4, 1866 4650.00 $8,814.81 Company I, Thirty-fifth Regiment Massachusetts Infantry — 69 men. For bounties under vote of July 21, 1862 ($100), 6,900.00 86 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. Company D, Forty-third Regiment Massachusetts Infantry, and other nine months' men — 126 men. For bounties under votes of Aug. 25, and Sept. 15, 1862 ($200) $25,200.00 For expenses of enlistment 520.00 $25,720.00 Men enlisted in other regiments and in navy, in cluding substitutes provided by individuals— 418 men. For bounties under votes of April 4 and July 25, 1864 $26,856.00 For expense of recruiting, estimated at 600.00 27,456.00 Estimated amount expended in aid of soldiers' families, exclusive of State aid 16,200.00 Amount of State aid (nominally reimbursed to the town) 51,000.00 $136,090.81 During the year 1S64, thirty-four enrolled men procured substitutes in the military and naval service, at an expense to themselves of not less than $20,000. Not long after the close of the war the erection of a soldiers' monument was proposed, and was consid ered in town-meeting. But at a town-meeting held May 7, 1866, it was voted to erect a building to be called " Memorial Hall," the walls to be of Dedham granite. Its purposes were to provide a suitable place for the transaction of all the public business of the town, and also a suitable memorial of the soldiers of Dedham who had died in the service of their country. The land was purchased by subscription, and presented to the town for the purpose. The building was begun in the course of the year, and was finished in the summer of 1868. The cost of the building, me morials, furniture of the hall, and the grading of the lot, including expense of the committee and architect, was less than forty-seven thousand dollars. The size of the building, the general arrangement of the rooms, and the manner of locating the building and the lot, were determined by the committee. The architect was Mr. Henry Van Brunt, and the memorials were de signed by him, but the committee are responsible for the inscriptions. In some particulars the committee did not adopt the designs of the architect, and in others, though they adopted his designs, they did not adopt the designs considered most appropriate by him The stone- and brick-work was done by D. G. Corliss & Co., of Quincy. The following is a brief description of the building : The design, which was by Messrs. Ware & Van Brunt, architects, of Boston, recalls the provincial town-halls of England in outline and general char acter, and is carried out in the peculiar, warm, yellow granite of the neighborhood, relieved by bands of blue Quincy granite. Its main exterior dimensions are one hundred and four by sixty-four feet on the ground, with an elevation of thirty-four feet to the cornice, and eighty-five feet to the summit of the tower, which surmounts the middle division of the front on Washington Street. On this front, in the most conspicuous place over the main entrance, is inserted a large tablet of Quincy granite, decorated with oak leaves and a crown of laurel, and bearing this inscription : "To Commemorate The Patriotism and Fidelity Of Her Sons Who Fell In Defence of The Union, In The War Of The Rebellion, Dedham Erects This Hall. A.D. MDCCCLXVII." In the main vestibule, from which stairs to the right and left conduct to the hall above, in a broad niche facing the entrance, are five marble tablets in a Gothic framework of black walnut. The central tab let, which is enriched by a carved canopy supported by columns, bears this inscription : "The Town of Dedham Has Caused To Be Inscribed Upon These Tablets, &hje names of Iwr JSorts, Who Fell Representing Her, |rt grfence of % tffnirra, In The War Of The Rebellion— 1861-1865, And In Whose Honor She Has Erected This Hall." The tablets on either side contain the names of forty-six soldiers, with the rank, date, and place of death in each case, arranged in order of regiments, The following is the list of names on these tablets : Michael Henihan, Co. F, 2d Regt. ; killed at Chanoellorsville May 3, 1863, aged twenty-five. Charles W. Carroll, capt. Co. F, 18th Regt.; wounded at 2d battle of Bull Run Aug. 30, 1862; died Sept. 2, 1862, aged twenty-six. Robert R. Covey, Co. F, 18th Regt. ; killed at 2d battle of Bull Run Aug. 30, 1862, aged thirty-six. Edward G. Cox, Co. F, 18th Regt. ; wounded at 2d battle of Bull Run Aug. 30, 1862 ; died Oct. 22, 1864, aged twenty- five. Henry C. Everett, Co. F, 18th Regt. ; died Jan. 19, 1865, aged twenty-two. DEDHAM. 87 Edward Holmes, corp. Co. F, 18th Regt. ; killed at 2d battle ~ of Bull Run Aug. 30, 1862, aged twenty-six. ; Jonathan H. Keyes, Co. F, 18th Regt. ; killed at Fredericks burg Dec. 13, 1862, aged twenty. George 0. Kingsbury, Co. F, 18th Regt. ; killed at 2d battle of Bull Run Aug. 30, 1862, aged nineteen. Daniel Leahy, Co. F, 18th Regt.; killed at Fredericksburg Dec. 13, 1862, aged twenty-eight. „ Leonard W. Minot, Co. F, 18th Regt.; died April 23, 1862, aged twenty. * Henry D. Smith, Co. F, 18th Regt. ; killed at 2d battle of Bull J Run Aug. 30, 1862, aged thirty. Nelson R. Stevens, Co. F, 18th Regt. ; died March 1, 1S62, aged nineteen. Edmund L. Thomas, Co. F, 18th Regt.; wounded at 2d battle of Bull Run Aug. 30, 1862; died Sept. 16, 1862, aged nineteen. George N. Worthen, Co. F, 18th Regt. ; wounded at 2d battle of Bull Run Aug. 30, 1862; died Sept. 4, 1862, aged twenty- four. Horace S. Damrell, sergt. Co. H, 18th Regt.; died March 7, 1862, aged nineteen. Oscar S. Guild, Co. H, 18th Regt. ; died Feb. 22, 1862, aged seventeen. Joseph M. Jordan, Co. H, 18th Regt. ; killed at Gaines' Mills June 27, 1862, aged eighteen. Cyrus D. Tewksbury, Co. H, 18th Regt. ; killed at Petersburg July 5, 1864, aged twenty-four. Albert C. Bean, Co. I, 20th Regt. ; wounded at Cold Harbor June 3, 1864; died June 8, 1864, aged thirty. John Finn, Jr., sergt. Co. B, 22d Regt. ; wounded at North Anna River May 23, 1864 ; died June 5, 1864, aged twenty-three. William Heath, Co. I, 22d Regt. ; accidentally shot at Hall's Hill Dec. 1, 1862, aged twenty-five. David Fletcher, Co. I, 23d Regt. ; killed at Whitehall, N. C, Deo. 16, 1863, aged forty-two. Charles W. Phipps, Co. A, 24th Regt. ; killed at Deep Bottom Aug. 16, 1864, aged twenty-seven. Edward Sheehan, Co. B, 28th Regt. ; died Nov. 17, 1863, aged forty-three. John H. Birch, Co. I, 35th Regt. ; died Aug. 15, 1863, aged thirty-two. George C. Bunker, Co. I, 35th Regt. ; killed at Fredericksburg Dec. 13, 1862, aged twenty-one. Michael Colbert, Co. I, 35th Regt. ; killed at Petersburg July 30, 1864, aged thirty. John G. Dymond, corp. Co. I, 35th Regt. ; died March 29, 1863, aged twenty-eight. Charles H. Ellis, eorp. Co. I, 35th Regt. ; died a prisoner of war Feb. 27, 1864, aged thirty. Edward E. Hatton, eorp. Co. I, 35th Regt.; killed at Antietam Sept. 17, 1862, aged twenty-two. William Hill, 1st lieut. Co. I, 35th Regt. ; killed at Fredericks burg Dec. 13, 1862, aged thirty. David Phalen, Co. I, 35th Regt.; died July 30, 1863, aged forty-eight. Charles H. Sulkoski, Co. I, 35th Regt. ; killed at Antietam Sept. 17, 1862, aged twenty. Nathan C. Treadwell, Co. I, 35th Regt. ; wounded before Rich mond Sept. 28, 1862; died Oct. 26, 1862, aged nineteen. Joseph P. White, Co. I, 35th Regt.; killed at Antietam Sept. 17, 1862, aged twenty-five. George F. Whiting, Co. I, 35th Regt. ; wounded at South Mountain Sept. 14, 1862 ; died Oct. 5, 1862, aged twenty- seven. Julius M. Lathrop, capt. Co. I, 38th Regt.; wounded at Cane River April 23, 1861; died April 26, 1864, aged twenty- three. Charles L. Carter, Co. E, 39th Regt. ; died a prisoner of war Feb. 8, 1865, aged twenty-three. James J. Hawkins, Co. D, 43d Regt. ; died Nov. 4, 1862, aged twenty-five. John II. Bancroft, Co. A, 54th Regt. ; killed at Fort Wagner July 18, 1863, aged twenty-four. Anson F. Barton, Co. G, 56th Regt. ; died Oct. 7, 1864, aged eighteen. John W. Fiske, 1st lieut. Co. B, 58th Regt.; killed at Poplar Spring Church Sept. 30, 1864, aged twenty-three. William H. Tillinghast, Co. E, 1st Cav. ; killed at Deep Bottom Aug. 14, 1864, aged forty. Joseph T. Stevens, corp. Co. I, 1st Cav. ; died March 31, 1862, aged twenty-nine. Albert O. Hammond, Co. M, 2d Cav. ; died Sept. 12, 1864, aged twenty-eight. John E. Richardson, 4th Cav. ; died a prisoner of war in 1864, aged nineteen. Edward Hutchins, sergt. Andrew Sharpshooters ; killed at Gettysburg July 3, 1863, aged thirty -six. The first floor is occupied by two rooms for the town officers, a room for the school committee, and a small hall, besides two rooms rented for stores. The main hall on the second floor is fifty-six by ninety feet, with a balcony at the entrance and an ample stage opposite, from which there is ready retirement to four committee-rooms, all of which are accessible from Church Street by a private entrance and stair case. The hall is capable of accommodating one thousand people. The building throughout is finished with chestnut. In 1881, steam heating apparatus was provided, the hall received a new floor and other repairs, and its walls and ceilings were elaborately decorated in colors, at a cost of $4667.53. A fine copy of Stuart's large portrait of Washing ton in Faneuil Hail, executed by Alvan Fisher, an artist who resided many years in Dedham, and who died in 1863, was placed in the hall by his widow. The copy of Stuart's portrait of Fisher Ames was presented by Judge Seth Ames, and the portrait of Lincoln was procured by subscription. The clock was the gift of Mr. John Bullard, of New York, a native of Dedham. On the 29th day of September, 1868, the hall was dedicated. The occasion was one of great interest. The principal address was delivered by Erastus Wor thington, and contained a historical account of the services of the Dedham soldiers during the war. Addison Boyden was the president of the day. The report of the building committee was briefly made by Waldo Colburn, and the keys delivered to Ezra W. Taft, chairman of the selectmen, who responded with appropriate remarks. Original hymns, written by Mrs. William J. Adams and William Everett, were 88 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. sung, and a patriotic poem delivered by Horace H. Currier. The address and poem, with the other ex ercises of the day, were published by the town. Ap pended to these is a roll of officers and men from the town of Dedham who served in the army or navy of the United States during the war. CHAPTER XII. DEDHAM- (Continued). Readville Annexed to Hyde Park — Dedham Public Library — Incorporation of Norwood — Death of Rev. Dr. Babcock — Steam Fire-Engine — Dedham Water Company — Temporary Asylum for Discharged Female Prisoners — Oakdale — Church of the Good Shepherd — Islington — Congregational Church — New Colburn School-House — Brookdale Cemetery — Town Seal — Conclusion. On the 22d day of April, 1868, the town of Hyde Park was incorporated, including within its limits that portion of the territory of Dedham known as Readville. For many years this had been a manufac turing village, but its proximity to the village of Hyde Park, which had grown up quite rapidly, had served to increase its population. During the war, the plains on both sides of the Boston and Providence Railroad and between Sprague Street and the New York and New England Railroad had been used as a place of ren dezvous for the regiments about to depart for the seat of war. From the summer of 1861 to the close of the war, these plains were almost continuously oc cupied by the camps of the newly-raised regiments, and presented a warlike scene. The town of Hyde Park was made from the territory of Dorchester, Dedham, and Milton. The number of acres taken from Dedham was eight hundred and eighty-six. The taxable valuation of Readville May 1, 1867, was four hundred and seventy-five thousand, eight hundred and forty-four dollars. It was estimated that Dedham lost by the annexation of Readville to Hyde Park, about one-tenth of its population, one- eleventh of its valuation, and one-twentieth of its territory. The town appointed a committee to ap pear before the legislative committee and oppose the annexation of the whole of the territory asked for in the petition, but the Legislature gave substantially all the territory the petitioners desired. In 1871, a corporation was established by the Legislature, under the name of the Dedham Public Library. It is a private corporation, and the num ber of its members is limited to thirty. But the purposes for which it was created were to form and maintain a public library and reading-room in Ded ham, and the act o'f incorporation provides that so long as said corporation shall allow the inhabitants of Dedham free access to its library and reading-room, under reasonable regulations, the town may annually appropriate and pay to said corporation a sum not exceeding one dollar on each of its rateable polls. It is therefore a private corporation for the purpose of maintaining a free public library. The corporation was organized in November, 1871. About three thousand volumes were transferred to it by the Ded ham Library Association, which had existed for some years previously. A fair was held by the ladies, on Feb. 22, 1871, which was very successful, and raised for the funds of the corporation, upwards of four thousand dollars. Soon after, Mr. Charles Bullard left by his will the sum of three thousand dollars, the income to be expended in the purchase of books. In 1876, Dr. Danforth P. Wight left by his will the sum of one thousand dollars for the same purpose, and in 1877, the corporation received one thousand dollars under the provisions of the will of Dr. George E. Hatton. In 1882, the funds were largely increased by a legacy of ten thousand dollars given by the will of Mr. John Bullard, of New York, a native of Dedham. The income of this fund is to be used in the purchase of books, unless the corporation shall become possessed of another like sum to be used in the erection of a library building, in which event the corporation may use the legacy of Mr. Bullard for that purpose. The want of a suitable library build ing has long been felt by the friends of the library corporation, and in the course of time this want will doubtless be supplied. The corporation has funds to the amount of nineteen thousand four hundred dol lars, the income of which is appropriated to the pur chase of books and the cost of binding. The town has annually appropriated a sum which is used to meet the current expenses of the library. In 1882, the town appropriation was eleven hundred dollars, Books are delivered to the people at East Dedham and West Dedham, by agents of the library corporation. The library has increased to some extent by donations of books, but principally by purchase from the funds of the corporation. Since the organization of the corporation, Alfred Hewins has been its president. The town of Norwood was incorporated Feb. 23, 1872. A small portion of the territory of Walpole was taken for the new town, but it was mainly con stituted from that portion of Dedham known as the South Parish, or South Dedham. In 1872 the valu ation of Norwood was one million six hundred and eighteen thousand five hundred and fifty-six dollars, DEDHAM. 89 and the number of acres of land, six thousand two hundred and seventy-five. Probably the town of Dedham lost one-fifth of its valuation, and about one- fourth of its population, by the incorporation of Nor wood into a separate town. In the scale of valuation and population it was a serious loss to Dedham, and tended to reduce the relative standing and importance of the town in the county. It also took away many intelligent and enterprising citizens. But the course of events had tended to this result for many years. The village of South Dedham was situated four miles from Dedham village, and the railroad communication between them had ceased over the Norfolk County Railroad. There was but little business connection or community of interests between the villages. Ex cepting on election-days and at town-meetings, the people of South Dedham scarcely saw their fellow- citizens of the old parish. As early as 1722, the idea of a new town was entertained, and perhaps never wholly abandoned afterwards. But the occa sion of the movement in 1872, was a warm con troversy which arose respecting the establishment of a high school in South Dedham. The people of that village alleged their remoteness from the high school at Dedham village, as a reason for its estab lishment. The people of the other villages opposed the proposition mainly on the ground that there were not a sufficient number of scholars in South Dedham, of the proper age and qualifications, to render another high school necessary or expedient. The proposition had been carried in two town-meetings, but at a third and very large town-meeting, the proposition was de feated by a small majority. This was in the summer of 1871, and the petition for the new town was pre sented to the next Legislature. The town of Ded ham voted not to oppose the petition, further than it proposed to take more territory than had been in cluded in the South Parish. The separation was made in an amicable spirit, and the two towns have always been united in the same district for electing a representative to the General Court. On the 25th day of October, 1873, the Rev. Samuel Brazer Babcock, D.D., the rector of St. Paul's Church, died in Boston, having been stricken with apoplexy some days previous, while absent from home. He had been rector of the parish for over forty years, and it is significant of the stability of affairs in Ded ham village, that both the pastors of the Congrega tional Churches and the Episcopal rector, should have remained over their respective parishes for so long a period. Dr. Babcock was born in 1808. He was graduated at Harvard College in 1830. During his rectorship, the old church had been taken down, a new one built and destroyed, and a third church of larger proportions and of more durable materials had been erected. Nearly all the members of his parish, who were here in 1832, had passed away. The parish had passed through a period of changes, in which it had become stronger and more united. Dr. Babcock had attached personal friends, who were liberal bene factors of the parish, which during his rectorship was harmonious and prosperous. He was a man of genial manners, a devoted pastor, and an earnest preacher. His health, for some years previous to his death, had declined, but he officiated in the church shortly before his death. He received the degree of Doctor of Divinity from Columbia College, New York, and from Griswold College, Iowa, in 1870. He was buried in the churchyard, and a marble monument was erected to his memory by two of his friends and parishioners. His successors have been the Rev. Daniel Goodwin, from November, 1874, to September, 1879 ; and the Rev. Arthur M. Backus, from January, 1880, to the present time. In 1873, the attention of the people of the town was called to the necessity of providing new apparatus for the extinguishment of fires. The hand-engines in Dedham village and at the upper village were more than twenty years old, and were found to be quite inadequate for the service required at a fire of any magnitude. Upon the recommendation of a com mittee appointed to consider the condition of the fire department, the town voted to purchase a steam fire- engine, of the Amoskeag Manufacturing Company, with a hose carriage, at a cost of five thousand dol lars. The town also expended at the same time about two thousand five hundred dollars in the pur chase of new hose. A new engine-house containing a lock-up was erected the same year. The discussion and investigation relative to the means of extinguishing fires, naturally led to the con sideration of the greater question of procuring a full supply of water for domestic purposes, as well as for the extinguishment of fires. This subject had been talked about for some years, but no definite plan or source of supply could be decided upon. In 1876, however, a number of citizens obtained an act of incorporation as the Dedham Water Company, which gave the right to the corporation, to take water from Charles River, or from any pond or brook in the town. If water should be taken from Charles River, the amount of water was limited to a million and a half gallons daily. This corporation was organized Jan. 31, 1877, and the capital stock was afterwards fixed at seventy-five thousand dollars. There was, how ever, but little public interest in the subject, but the 90 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. organization of the corporation was maintained. In the autumn of 1880, a sum was subscribed to obtain the services of an engineer, to examine and report as to the best source of supply and cost of constructing the works. The engineer, Mr. Percy M. Blake, about Jan. 1, 1881, made a report, which was printed, with a contoured plan of the village. Mr. Blake recommended the plan of taking ground-water from the meadows on the southerly side of Charles River, near Bridge Street, and to pump it through the vil lage to a stand-pipe to be located on Walnut Street. About the same time several large subscriptions for stock were obtained, and with a definite plan in view, and with effort on the part of some of the cor porators, the whole amount of the capital stock was obtained. In January, 1881, the work of construc tion was formally authorized by the directors of the corporation. The works were constructed under the direction of Percy M. Blake, engineer. The pump- ing-engines were constructed by the Knowles Steam Pump Works, of Warren, Mass. The water is taken from a collecting-well, twenty-six feet in diameter and eighteen feet deep, located between the engine-house and Charles River. The pumping machinery consists of two independent engines, one a compound con densing engine, capable of raising seven hundred and fifty thousand gallons one hundred and eighty feet high in twenty-four hours ; the other a duplex high- pressure engine, capable of raising one million four hundred thousand gallons two hundred and thirty feet high in twenty-four hours. The iron reservoir on Walnut Street, is one hundred and three feet in height and twenty feet in diameter. It is built of iron of four grades of thickness, the first twenty- five feet from the base, being five-eighths of an inch thick ; the second twenty-five feet, half an inch ; the third twenty-five feet, three-eighths of an inch ; and the remainder, five-sixteenths of an inch. The reservoir was built by Kendall & Roberts, of Cam- bridgeport, Mass. The service-pipes are cement- lined pipes, and were furnished and laid by George Goodhue, of Concord, N. H. The total cost of the works, as reported by the directors, January, 1882, was about ninety-two thousand dollars. The in crease in the expenditure over the estimated cost was owing to the enlargement of the reservoir or stand-pipe, and the laying of nearly ten miles of pipe instead of seven, as provided in the original contract. To meet this additional cost, the capital stock of the corporation was increased to one hun dred thousand dollars. During the year 1883, the service-pipes were extended in East Dedham. The corporation provides about one hundred hy drants for fire service in Dedham village and East Dedham, for which, with a supply for public build ings, the town in 1883 contracted to pay annually for three years the sum of five thousand dollars. The quality of the water furnished by this company is of remarkable purity, and the supply is ample. The introduction of water into Dedham by this corpora tion is the greatest work of a public nature ever accomplished in Dedham, whether we consider its cost, the effort required to carry it through to completion, or the benefits it confers upon the people of the town. The first president of the company was Royal 0. Storrs, but since his resigna tion in 1882, Winslow Warren has been the president. About the year 1863, a private charitable insti tution was established in Dedham, under the name of the Temporary Asylum for Discharged Female Prisoners. It owed its origin to the personal efforts of Miss Hannah B. Chickering, of Dedham, a lady of high character and ability, who devoted many years of her life to the welfare of prisoners in penal and reformatory institutions, and who was for a time a member of the Prison Commission of the common wealth. During the last ten years, the buildings, which are located on what was formerly the farm of Capt. Eliphalet Pond, about a mile south of the court-house on Washington Street, have been much enlarged and improved. The institution is supported by the donations of a large number of its friends in Boston and vicinity, and by an annual appropriation from the Commonwealth. The village of Oakdale, in East Dedham, was begun about the year 1870. The land was divided into building lots, and sold by Charles C. Sanderson to parties who erected the dwelling-houses. Mr. San derson also erected a building containing a public hall and a store. The school-house was built in 1878, at a cost of about five thousand dollars. A mission Sunday-school was begun here June 8, 1873, through the interest and efforts of members of the family of Horatio Chickering, who belonged to the Episcopal Church. Soon after, on the 29th of the same month, public services of the Episcopal Church were begun in Sanderson Hall, and for three years they were conducted by lay-readers. In 1874 Mr. Chickering purchased a lot of land for the purpose of building a church. He died in the spring of 1875, but he made provision in his will for the erection of the church, which was consecrated Nov. 2, 1876. The architecture of this church is attractive and appro priate, and in it have been placed memorial windows in memory of Mr. Chickering and his sisters, Mrs. D. F. Adams and Miss H. B. Chickerin°\ The Rev, DEDHAM. 91 William F. Cheney became the minister in charge in August, 1876. The parish was organized May 1, 1877, under the name of the " Church of the Good Shepherd," and the Rev. Mr. Cheney was chosen lrector, which office he continues to hold. The parish was admitted into union with the convention of the 'Episcopal Church, in the diocese of Massachusetts, ;in May, 1878. Besides the liberal gifts of the church 'and land by Mr. Chickering, the parish has received, or is entitled to receive, other bequests from his > widow, the late Mrs. Lucy Lee Chickering, and from his sisters. Between the years 187,0 and 1875, a small number f of houses was built upon lands owned and divided -into lots by Alonzo B. Wentworth, about a mile and :a half south of the court-house on Washington Street, ; and along the line of the New York and New Eng- J land Railroad. It has a post-office and railway ; station, and these are known by the name of Islington. In 1882, a Congregational Church was gathered here, having for its pastor the Rev. C. B. Smith, of - Medford. In the same year a small but tasteful church was erected for this society at the junction of "¦ East and Washington Streets. In 1875, a new school-house for the Colburn : School at West Dedham, with a hall on the third -. floor, was built by the town at a cost of about twelve s thousand five hundred dollars. This is one of the 2 best school-houses of the town, and is an example of 3 the great advancement made in school architecture during the last twenty-five years. - The necessity for a new cemetery had been appar- l ent for many years, and in 1876 the town appointed ; a committee to consider and report what action should I be taken concerning the purchase of a suitable tract i of land for that purpose. The majority of that com- ¦i mittee made a report recommending the purchase of i: a tract containing about forty-three and one-half acres, bounded by Mother Brook, East and Harvard j Streets. At the April meeting, 1877, this report ; was presented and recommitted, with instructions to ,, obtain the prices of the lands. At an adjourned , meeting, held April 16th, the committee reported, , recommending the purchase of a portion of the lands. i The town voted to adopt the recommendation by one ( majority, and then reconsidered the vote. At another I adjourned meeting, it was voted not to purchase said lands, and another committee was appointed. That committee made a printed report at a meeting held Oct. 20, 1877, but not recommending any particular lot. It was then voted to purchase thirty-nine acres, more or less, of the lands recommended by the former committee, and a sum not exceeding twelve thousand dollars appropriated for the purpose. The land was purchased and proceedings taken to perfect the title to a portion, the reversion of which belonged to Harvard College under Statute 1877, Chapter 99. A topo graphical plan was made by Mr. Ernest W. Bowditch, landscape gardener, of the whole tract. The name given by the town was " Brookdale Cemetery." The care and control of the cemetery was given to three commissioners appointed annually by the selectmen. A receiving-tomb was built, a portion of the land graded, and lots laid out. In 1880 the town set apart a portion of the cemetery for the exclusive use of such Roman Catholic residents of Dedham as may purchase lots therein. The expense of improving this beauti ful cemetery has thus far been met by the sale of lots, and, notwithstanding the differences of opinion which existed respecting its purchase, the people of the town quite generally have a feeling of pride and satisfaction in the possession of a rural cemetery so attractive and accessible. It was not until April, 1878, that the town adopted a common seal. It was then voted " that the town hereby adopts and establishes a common seal, with the following device, to wit : In the centre of the foreground a shield, upon which is inscribed the rep resentation of an ancient oak ; on the right of the background, the representation of a factory building ; on the left, the implements of agriculture ; above, the sword and scales of justice; and beneath, in a scroll, the motto, Contentment ; in the upper semicircle of the border, The Town of Dedham, and in the lower semicircle, Plantation begun 1635, Incor porated 1636; and that said common seal, when executed, remain in the custody of the town clerk.'7 This design originated with a member of the Ded ham Historical Society, who first submitted it to a committee of that society appointed for the purpose, and it having received the approval of the society, it was presented to the town for adoption. The design and seal were made by Henry Mitchell, of Boston. The oak upon the shield was intended to represent the Avery oak, a well-known landmark, and one of the original fotest-trees of the town. The mill and the implements of agriculture signify that Dedham is both a manufacturing and an agricultural town. The scales and sword, signify that Dedham is the seat of justice, where the laws are administered and executed. The motto — Contentment — is the name first given to the settlement. The legend in the border gives the date when the General Court first ordered the planta tion, and also the date of the grant giving the settle ment the name of Dedham, which properly may be termed its incorporation. 92 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. Here this history of Dedham reaches its natural conclusion. In the retrospect of nearly two hundred and fifty years, we have endeavored to trace the transitions which have taken place from one period to another. The most impressive fact of history is the unnoted and gradual change which is constantly in operation. Probably there are few communities which have experienced less changes than the people of Dedham since the time of its settlement. They have been remarkable for the stability of their char acter. For nearly two centuries they, were mainly sturdy farmers, well informed in public affairs, jealous of encroachment upon their political rights, ready to maintain their opinions, and unfriendly to innova tions. While, during the last half-century, these characteristics have been gradually modified by changes of occupations and a wider intercourse with men, still it cannot be said that the spirit which animated the fathers has not in some degree descended to the children. Many of the old families have entirely disappeared and are now disappearing. Not many new ones have permanently occupied their places since the beginning of the present century. The greatest change in the inhabitants has doubtless been effected by the establishment of the woolen-mills at East Dedham, where the operatives live only for a time and then make room for others. But numerically these constitute a considerable proportion of the inhabitants. The local business of Dedham, except in the woolen-mills, has substantially passed away. The sessions of the courts, and the transaction of other public business at the shire-town of the county, still bring people to Dedham from elsewhere. But these come by one railway train only to leave by the next departing train. The hotels, once the centres of social life and gayety, have disappeared. Dedham village is mainly a place of residence for those whose business is in Boston. These constitute the main body of its most valued citizens, and upon them and upon the interest which they may take in its local affairs, must chiefly depend its future char acter and prosperity. Dedham has become simply a suburban town in the immediate vicinity of the great city of Boston. It should be the effort of its people to make it a desirable place of residence for all who may come there to live, by actively maintaining its churches, its schools, its public library, and other public institutions, its moral and social character, its local town government, and every undertaking made to elevate or alleviate the condition of its people. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. JOHN BULLARD. This branch of the Bullard family traces its an cestry in this country to William Bullard, who was probably the oldest Puritan of the name who settled in New England. He was born in 1594 and arrived here in 1635, and is spoken of as " a man of charac ter and consideration," and a " distinguished Puri tan." He probably first settled in Watertown, and subsequently became one of ,the planters of Dedham, He was the fifty-third signer of her social compact, and is found among the first to whom her lands were assigned, and on whom taxes were imposed. The line of descent is as follows : William (1), Isaac (2), William (3), Isaac (4), Isaac (5), John (6), William (7). Isaac (2) was entered on the records of Ded ham in 1651, and in 1652 and 1653 was taxed above the average of her citizens. He married Ann Wight in 1655, and resided in Dedham. William (3) lived upon the present Bullard homestead in Dedham, and in 1697 married Elizabeth Avery. He was spoken of as " an insatiate lover of real estate," and carefully preserved ancient papers. He owned lands in Dedham, Walpole, Sutton, Upton, Sherbom Dividends (Douglass), Natick, and Charlestown, and was one of the great land-owners of the colony. Isaac (4) was a coroner, and received in 1731 from his father, William, a deed of the homestead in Dedham. He married Mary Dean in 1731-32. Isaac (5) was born July 10, 1744, married Patience Baker in 1766, and died June 18, 1808. He in herited the ancient homestead, and erected in 1787 a house (near the site of the original one) which gave place in 1856 to the present stone-house. He was a man of intelligence and sterling worth, much employed in the transaction of public business, being often placed on important committees with his friend and neighbor, Fisher Ames. He long served the ancient church of Dedham as deacon, and was for many years returned a representative to the Gen eral Court, and annually elected treasurer of Norfolk County from its organization in 1793 until his death in 1808. John (6), whose portrait accompanies this memoir, was born in Dedham, Jan. 9, 1773, married Lucy Richards in 1802, and died Feb. 25, 1852. He in herited the Bullard mansion in Dedham, and suc ceeded his father in the regard and confidence of the citizens of Norfolk County, manifested in his election to the office of county treasurer on the death of bii Sna ^iyjLEnitchie *V ih A H Ttuchie y^^^^ 'iyASFa.tc7ue. DEDHAM. 93 father ; and so acceptable were his services, and so hb'hly was he esteemed as a man, that amidst all the violence of religious and political feeling, and the changes of office, he was, by the annual voice of the county, continued in this responsible position from 1808 to 1852, a period of forty-four years; father and son having held the office fifty-nine years, from the incorporation of the county to 1852. He was universally esteemed, and his death was a public loss. His children were Maria, born May 4, 1803, married H. F. Spear, M. D., resided in Dedham and Brook lyn, N. Y., and died in 1863 ; John, born Jan. 2, 1807, married Jane E. McKillup, resided in Brook lyn, N. Y., and died Jan. 13, 1881 ; Lewis, born Aug. 13, 1810, an iron and steel merchant in Boston, died April 13, 1881 ; and William, born April 20, 1816, married, in 1841, Mary R. Henderson, died Sept. 28, 1879. John and William carried on together a successful business in hides and leather in New York City ; William returned to Dedham in 1856, and thereafter took an active interest in its banking institutions and in the improvement of the town. To his efforts, with those of others, it is indebted for the " Memorial Hall" and the upper or " cart" bridge. William only of this generation had children, who are Wm. M., born Jan. 13, 1842 ; John R., born March 3, 1846 ; Lewis H, born Dec. 21, 1848, and Mary, born Feb. 18, 1855. THOMAS BARROWS. Mr. Barrows was born in Middleboro', Plymouth Co., in the year 1795. In his youth he lived at home, assisting his father in the cultivation of his farm until 1812, when he entered a cotton-mill as an operative, where he continued for two years. From there he went to Wrentham, in this county, where he engaged in the same capacity for a time, from whence he was called back to his native town to take the superintendence of the mill in which he first commenced his labors. Here he remained five years, and then took charge of a mill in Halifax, Mass., until his removal to Dedham, in 1825, to act as agent of Benjamin Bussey and George H. Kuhn, in the manufacture of broadcloths. In 1842 the mills passed into the hands of Mr. Edmunds. In 1847, Gardner Colby became a partner with Ed munds, Mr. Barrows continuing his position as agent up to 1864, when he retired, and the mills were sold to the Merchants' Woolen Company. Soon after Mr. Barrows purchased the mill of the Norfolk Manu facturing Company, on Milton Street, to which he made large additions and improved machinery, and began again the manufacture of woolens on his own account. His success varied with the times. In 1872, owing to his advanced age and the depression of the woolen business, he was induced to sell his mill to Mr. Harding, and retired from business with his fortune materially reduced. Mr. Barrows married, early in life, Mrs. Elizabeth Bosworth, of Halifax, Mass., by whom he had four children, two sons and two daughters. The latter only are living, — Elizabeth, wife of Col. Stone, of Dedham, and Sarah, wife of C. H. Miller, of Jamaica Plain. Mr. Barrows was one of the many instances of a poor lad acquiring wealth and high social positio through a long course of honorable toil. REV. SAMUEL BRAZER BABCOCK, D.D. Samuel Brazer Babcock was the son of Mr. Samuel Howe Babcock, and was born in Boston, Sept. 17, A.D. 1807. His early education was commenced at the academy in Milton, but afterwards completed in the English High School in Boston. He was a mem ber of the first class of 1821, and officiated as chap lain at the semi-centennial celebration. He pursued his classical studies at Claremont, N. H., under the Rev. James B. Howe, the father of the present Bishop of South Carolina. He entered Harvard University in 1826, and grad uated in 1830. He pursued his theological studies at first under the Rev. Alonzo Potter, then the rector of St. Paul's Episcopal Church in Boston, and after ward completed the same in the Episcopal Theologi cal Seminary at Cambridge, Mass. In 1832 he was ordained a deacon by Bishop Griswold. During that year he first came to reside in Dedham. On the 9th day of October of the same year he was married to Miss Emmeline Foxcroft, the daughter of Mr. Fran cis Augustus Foxcroft, of Boston. She was a woman of refined taste and excellent j udgment, and proved to be a true and valuable helper to him through his long and arduous ministry, not only in domestic and social life but also in the discharge of his parish duties. By her kindness of heart and gentleness of manner, and her many charitable ministrations to the desti tute and afflicted, she well deserved the epitaph in scribed upon the monument under the shadow of tho church she so much loved, — " When the ear heard her then it blessed her, and when the eye saw her it gave witness to her, because she delivered the poor 94 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. that cried, the fatherless, and those who had none to help them." In 1833 he was advanced to the priesthood, and appears in the Convention as minister of St. Paul's Church, Dedham, but does not report himself as rector until the Convention of 1834. In principle he was a stanch churchman, but he was truly catholic in spirit. His habitual cheerfulness of spirit and kind liness of manner made him eminently successful in his visitations to the sick and sorrowful. In his pul pit ministrations he did not present the gospel truths in forms of gloom. He taught no hopeless reproba tion of the sinner. If he showed him the enormity of his guilt, he also pointed out a sure way of escape through the redemption of Jesus Christ. Believing in the holy Scriptures as the word of God, and accept ing the creed of the church as its sure warranty, he indulged in no vain speculations. With the whole sincerity of his nature he himself rested, and he taught his people to rest, in the grand simplicity of the truth as it is in Jesus. In 1833, when he first took full charge of the parish, all its affairs were in a most unpromising condition. The old church building itself hardly presented decent accommodations for the proper celebration of divine service. The parishioners were few in number, and had not been accustomed to de vote much of their worldly wealth towards the support of the church; in fact, everything, both temporal and spiritual, had fallen into a most lamentable condition, and to all human appearance everything looked dark and discouraging. But he, by his cheerful disposition and his patient and untiring energy, gradually taught his people to hope for better things. Under his wise management his parish increased in stability and influence year by year. This growth continued to increase till in 1845 he induced his old parishioners, and many new ones who had become members during his ministry, to make liberal subscriptions for the erection of a new church, and with the valuable aid which he obtained from churchmen outside of his own parish he suc ceeded in raising sufficient funds to build a new and beautiful church, costing over seven thousand dollars. By the contributions of friends and the timely aid of the faithful women of his parish the church was duly furnished. It was consecrated Jan. 15, 1846. He now seemed to have reached the result for which he had prayed and labored for so many years, and his heart was satisfied. For upwards of ten years afterward the temporal and spiritual interests of his parish were in a pros perous condition, and he lived and labored joyously among his beloved people. But this prosperity was not permitted to continue. He was soon to meet a new and severe trial of his faith. On a cold Sunday morning in December, 1856, the beautiful church he so much loved suddenly disap peared in flames. But the faithful servant of God did not yield to discouragement. On that same Sunday moraine while the flames were consuming the church, he celebrated, in another place temporarily prepared for the purpose, the holy communion, to strengthen the souls and encourage the hearts of his sorrowful parishioners. When the time for action arrived he was ready, heart and hand, to aid in raising means for rebuilding the sanctuary. He was always full of hope, and he never doubted the success of the enterprise. By his own faith and zeal, and the energy and liberality of his parishioners, the sorrow for the loss of the former church was soon changed to joy. In its place there arose a new fire-proof stone church of much larger dimensions. This church, when the tower was finished and the spire erected in 1869, cost over thirty thousand dollars. It was duly consecrated June 17, a.d. 1858. After this time, during the remainder of his min istry, his life seemed to be almost entirely free frm trouble and anxiety. Sometimes the indications of failing health admon ished him of the necessity of temporary relief from his pastoral labors, but the interests of his church continued to flourish, and he enjoyed the strong and undivided affection of his people. He had calls to other fields of labor, but he chose rather to remain in the parish he so much loved, and among the people with whom he had so long dwelt. So great was his attachment to this, his only parish, that he was never willing to spend his vacation where he could not readily answer any call for his pastoral services. Thus he continued to grow in the love and rever ence of his own people, and the high estimation of all who knew him. His influence was by no means confined to the limits of his own parish. He did much for the educational interests of the town of Dedham. He was for a long time an active and influential member of the school committee, and was chairman of the board when the high school was established. He was the most active and influential agent in establishing the parishes at Wrentham and Hyde Park, and devoted much time and labor towards the accomplishment of the work. He was four years secretary of the Diocesan Board JL'n$!ilniA.HTJJ.cKie- DEDHAM. 95 of Missions ; nineteen years he was treasurer of the Diocesan Convention, and was president of the Stand ing Committee from 1868 to 1873, the time of his death. He was specially interested in the Society for the Relief of Aged and Indigent Clergymen of the Diocese, and spared no efforts to enforce upon church men the claims of this excellent charity. He was for many years a member of the General Board of Missions from Massachusetts, and ,twice a delegate to the General Convention. In 1870 he received the degree of Doctor of Divinity from Columbia College, New York, and the same year the same degree from Griswold College, Iowa. Three years afterward, on a pleasant autumnal Monday morning, he went into the city, apparently in his usual health, to attend a meeting of the clergy, and, while drafting a resolution, he was suddenly seized by an attack of apoplexy, from the effects of which he died in Boston, Oct. 25, a.d. 1873. His remains were brought to Dedham, and in the succeeding week, in the presence of his family rela tives and his many friends, were quietly laid to rest where he had always desired to be — under the shadow of his own church, and near the grave of the sainted Griswold. Thus ended the comparatively long and useful life of one who was distinguished, not as a sensational or popular preacher, but as an earnest, devoted Christian minister, who was found faithful even unto death, and who now inherits the unfading crown of an endless life. REV. EBENEZER BURGESS, D.D. BY REV. A. C. THOMPSON. Thomas Burgess and Dorothy, his wife, of Pilgrim memory, who arrived at Salem, Mass., about the year 1630, afterwards removed within the limits of Ply mouth Colony, and were among the original members of the church formed at Sandwich in 1638. Thomas Burgess was a prominent man in that place, becoming a large landholder, filling various offices, being in his later years called Goodman Burgess, and dying in 1685, at the age of eighty-two. His descendants number at the present time several thousands, and are scattered throughout the country from Maine to California. In some branches of the family the name has been gradually changed into Burghess, Burges, Burgis, Borgis, Burge, and Burg. The Rev. Ebenezer Burgess, who belonged to the sixth generation from the forenamed Thomas, was the son of Prince Burgess and Martha Crowell. He was the ninth of eleven children, and was born in Ware- ham, April 1, 1790. The homestead which descended from Ebenezer of the third generation still belongs to the family, as is also the case with the patriarchal estate of the Pilgrim Thomas, in Sandwich. The parents of Dr. Burgess, no less than remoter ancestors, possessed to a marked degree the better traits and habits of early New England, as regards piety, indus try, thrift, and public spirit. At the home in Ware- ham influences were peculiarly suited to the cultiva tion of reverence, truthfulness, self-restraint, energy, and methodical ways. Domestic worship, morning and evening, was a truly hallowed season, and the Sabbath, strictly kept, was a day of elevated religious enjoyment. At eighteen years of age (April 24, 1808) Dr. Burgess publicly expressed the hope that he had been savingly renewed, made profession of faith in Christ, and entered into fellowship with the church of his fathers. . His fifteenth year found him master of a grammar school in his native town ; and entering Brown Uni versity a year in advance, he graduated (1809) with honor. Though among the younger members, he was inferior to none of them in propriety of conduct, diligence in study, or extent of attainments,1 and was by all regarded as among the very first in the class for scholarship.' Immediately upon graduation he was chosen principal of the University Grammar School. From the year 1811 to 1813 he was a tutor in the college. After spending some time in theolog ical study with Dr. Emmons, at Franklin, he entered the Middle Class of the Andover Theological Semi nary, and graduated in 1815. His only surviving classmate, the Rev. Herman Halsey, now (1884) ninety-one years of age, writes with his own hand: " In scholarship he was accounted the leading mem ber of his class ; his character as a Christian was of the higher type ; as a man, modest and dignified ; as a companion, amiable, unpretending, courteous, gen erous." Having completed his studies at Andover, he became Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy in the University of Vermont. That was the period of reorganization of the University. It had been closed, and the buildings had been occupied by our general o-overnment during; the war of 1812-15 with Great Britain. A rival institution had, in the mean time, diverted to itself the current of students ; political intrio-ues hindered resuscitation ; and after two years of waitino- for prosperity which did not return till some time later, Dr. Burgess was the more ready to 1 MS. letter of the late Rev. Jacob Ide, D.D., a classmate. 96 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. yield to solicitations that he would enter upon a special service in behalf of the American Colonization Society. Samuel J. Mills, who had become an agent of that society, was requested to enlist some one as an asso ciate in visiting Sierra Leone and other parts of the West African coast, with a view to selecting a site for a colony of free blacks from the United States. " Will you go, Brother Burgess ?" wrote Mills in 1817. " Can we engage in a nobler effort? We go to make free men of slaves. We go to lay the foun dation of a free and independent empire on the coast of poor degraded Africa. Your knowledge of the Spanish language may enable you to perform most important services. The information you have already obtained on the subject under consideration qualifies you to be eminently useful on the mission." While at Andover he had been deeply interested in behalf of the colored race, and a series of articles from his pen had appeared in the newspapers of Boston, and other articles elsewhere. He accepted the proposal. The two men received their commissions, and sailed from Philadelphia, Nov. 17, 1817. The voyage was mem orable for a very signal deliverance. During a terrific storm the captain ordered the masts to be cut away. The ship drifted helplessly toward a ledge of rocks which extended both ways as far as the eye could reach, and on which the sea was dashing furiously. " We are gone for this world !" exclaimed the captain. Dr. Burgess went on deck, where the crew, in con sternation and expecting death momentarily, gathered round him, and he commended them to the mercy of Almighty God. Fellow-passengers in the cabin were at the same time engaged in earnest prayer. The ship on coming within a few rods of the rocks was caught by a strong current, carried into deeper water, and borne along nearly parallel with the reef. She rounded the western extremity, just grazing on a shoal of sand, and was safe. All exclaimed, " It is the work of God !" Arriving in London, the two commissioners pre sented their letters to Zachary Macaulay (father of the late Lord Macaulay), previously Governor of Sierra Leone, and to the Rev. Messrs. Pratt and Bickersteth, secretaries of the Church Missionary Society. William Wilberforce also received them cordially, and introduced them to Lords Bathurst and Gambier, preparatory to their introduction to His Royal Highness, the Duke of Gloucester, who was president of the African Institution. The required information having been obtained, and other preparations made, they embarked for Africa Feb. 2, 1818. A voyage of seven weeks brought them to their destination, where letters from Lord Bathurst, Secretary of State for the Colonies, to the Governor and other officers at Sierra Leone, secured for them civilities and assistance. The two agents having made needed exploration of the coast for more than two hundred miles, and held intercourse with native chiefs, embarked May 22d on their homeward voyage. Within less than a month Mills died of a pulmonary disease, and was buried in the ocean. Returning by way of England, Dr. Burgess arrived home Oct. 22, 1818. The report of the exploration served materially to concentrate the thought and en courage the anticipations of those who were friendly to African colonization. He was requested to super intend the establishment of that colony which became the Republic of Liberia ; but his health was impaired; the effects of an African malarial fever were still upon him, and he had other duties in view. His interest, however, in the cause of colonization remained with out abatement, and in 1827 the managers " Resolved, That the thanks of this society be presented to the Rev. Mr. Burgess for his continued exertions in the cause of this society.'' When in 1839 the constitu tion was so altered as to admit directors for life, on the payment of one thousand dollars, he became one. In 1843 he was chosen a vice-president of the Massa chusetts Colonization Society, and the year following its president, in place of Hon. William B. Banister, deceased ; but he declined on the ground that the office should be filled only by a layman. A town in Liberia was named Millsburgh, in token of combined respect for the two explorers. Some months in the winter and spring of 1819-20, Dr. Burgess spent in study with the Rev. Dr. Edward Dorr Griffin, at Newark, N. J., but on the last Sabbath of July in the last-named year he commenced supply ing the pulpit of the First Church in Dedham. This church, the fourteenth in the order of seniority among churches organized in New England, was instituted Nov. 8, 1638. There had been a succession of six pastors, five of whom died in office, and one, then living, the Rev. Joshua Bates, D.D., had, early in 1818, become the president of Middlebury College. In the autumn of that year the parish, having called a minister in opposition to the voice of a majority of the church, the latter, by a decision of the Supreme Court, lost its records and other property. A new house of worship, however, was ready for dedication at the close of 1819, and Dr. Burgess was installed pastor March 14, 1821. During the forty years of his active ministry in Dedham he commanded, with great uniformity, the respect of his fellow-citizens, and the unwavering confidence and deferential affection of his parishioners. DEDHAM. 97 In the pulpit he was always noticeably reverent, and there, as well as elsewhere, his devotional exercises were characterized by appropriateness, variety, and freshness. His sermons never failed to have a lucid arrangement, a practical aim, and well-considered, in structive material. Mere speculation and imaginative flights were quite foreign to his ideas of what is best suited to the wants of a congregation, needing, as every congregation does, to be built up in a firm and intelligent apprehension of the great truths and duties of the evangelical system. Theologically he differed but little from Jonathan Edwards. Among the Scrip ture doctrines uniformly inculcated, and always im plied in his discourses, were the native depravity of the human heart, the consequent need of regenerating grace, the duty of immediate repentance and faith in the atoning sacrifice of Jesus Christ, who is God manifest in the flesh. The days of the Assembly's Catechism were not then numbered, and in that the young were faithfully taught. Neighborhood prayer- meetings were not unfrequently held ; and for years a week-day service, with preaching, was maintained at Mill village. Distance, darkness, inclemency of weather never detained him from any official ap pointment. Indeed, his habits of punctuality, prompt ness, and general fidelity were of a marked order. In pastoral labor the poor, the sick, and afflicted always received tender and faithful ministrations, and, where there was special need, were often thought fully remembered in the way of temporal aid. The young of the congregation, whether in the Sunday- school or not, had a large place in his heart ; and in the form of little books or otherwise, they often received proofs of his affectionate thoughtfulness. Dr. Burgess took great pains to improve the service of song in the house of the Lord by his encourage ment of singing-schools year after year. Secular education in the public schools enlisted his interest. He was the first, so far as is known, to intro duce into New England the infant school with some what of the kindergarten element. The first tem perance gathering in Dedham was upon his invita tion, which resulted in a town temperance society duly organized. He was also the first in the place to suggest an institution for savings, became the first president of the same (May, 1831), and continued in office till his death. Perhaps no savings-bank in the State has been more wisely and faithfully admin istered. In the year 1826, Dr. Burgess built at his own expense a spacious vestry to the new meeting house.1 During his active ministry there was scarcely 1 Worthington's " History of Dedham," p. 125. a Congregational Church formed, or a house of wor ship built in the vicinity, to which he did not con tribute personal and pecuniary assistance. In sup plying the families of Norfolk County with the Bible he took a prominent part. He held office in various local benevolent societies, and an active membership in several that were national. It would not be easy to reckon up the number of boxes containing useful and valuable articles that went from his house for the aid and comfort of home missionaries at the West. When the fortieth year of his pastorate and the seventieth of his life were completed (1861), Dr. Burgess resigned official responsibilities and salary. At the outset of his ministry the average Sabbath congregation was about one hundred. In the church of eighty resident members there was, at that time, not one young man. Growth, however, steady, healthful, and substantial, took place. Five or more seasons of marked religious interest occurred. One of these was in the year after his ordination, when fifty-two members were added to the church ; another in 1827, the fruits of which were seventy-three such additions ; yet another in 1832, when sixty-seven heads of families made public confession of faith in Christ. No professional evangelist was employed by him ; the occasional services of earnest and judi cious ministers were welcomed. Upon his demission of pastoral duties the membership of the church numbered two hundred and fifty-three, all but six of whom had been received in the course of his min istry. During the same period nearly an equal num ber (two hundred and thirty-two) had left to consti tute or to strengthen other churches, the Spring Street Church in West Roxbury being a colony from that in Dedham. The whole number admitted was six hundred and twenty-four, of whom one hundred and forty were removed by death, while the obituary list of the society amounted to between five and six hundred. Two hundred and seventy-five marriages were solemnized, and three hundred and ninety-five children baptized. When Dr. Burgess became a pastor annual minis terial vacations had not come in vogue. As time advanced it became his practice to take a journey, at considerable intervals, with his family, visiting the Middle or Western States, or Canada. One voyage with an invalid brother-in-law, Mr. Edward Phillips, was undertaken in the summer of 1826, and in 1846 -47, accompanied by his family, he made a tour in Europe, which embraced, besides the countries usually visited by Americans, two or three which were then less frequently resorted to, Russia and Sweden, a trip down the Danube to Constantinople, a visit to Greece, 98 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. Syria, Palestine, and Egypt. Sketches, to a limited extent, of the trip, which involved an absence of fifteen months, appeared in the form of letters to the Puritan Recorder. As a general thing Dr. Burgess refrained from frequent contributions to the periodical press, and such contributions, when made, were almost invaria bly anonymous. For similar reasons, partly from native modesty and self-distrust, partly from a fixed purpose to allow nothing to interfere with professional duties, he refrained from authorship. He had schol arly tastes, was more or less acquainted with the French, Italian, Spanish, and Arabic ; was familiar with the Hebrew, as well as the Greek and Latin ; he had clearly defined opinions regarding the topics of the day ; he used the pen daily and with much ease ; and yet he shunned the enticement and the publicity of ordinary book-making. With rare ex ceptions he declined, when requested, to give sermons into the printer's hands. Only a few were published, as " A Sermon preached before the Auxiliary Educa tion Society of Norfolk County," 1825. " Wareham Sixty Years Since :'' a discourse deliv ered at Wareham, May 19, 1861. " Our Fathers Honorable and Useful to Posterity :" a Centennial Discourse delivered in Dedham, Nov. 8, 1838. This was the closing sermon in the volume entitled " The Dedham Pulpit," pp. 517, which Dr. Burgess edited in 1840. A sketch of the Rev. Samuel John Mills, Jr., from his pen is found in Sprague's " Annals of the American Pulpit" (1849), vol. ii. pp. 569-72. In 1865 appeared the "Burgess Genealogy," a volume of 212 pages. As a minister of the gospel, " This one thing I do," was his motto ; hence he declined the presidency of Middlebury College, which was offered him not long after his ordination. Other offers of eligible positions were also declined. It was a settled purpose with him not to allow his name to stand in any connection implying responsibility without endeavoring faithfully to meet the demands of the place. This led him to resign as trustee of the Andover Theological Seminary, when his tour of 1846-47 would occasion an absence from at least two meetings of that body. Whatever a man's public character may be, the home test is, after all, the chief test. In his domestic life and relations Dr. Burgess was peculiarly happy. May 22, 1823, he married Abigail Bromfield, a daugh ter of Lieutenant-Governor William Phillips, who became a helpmeet, with warm sympathy in all his religious interests and labors. Hospitality, which now seems to be fast becoming a lost art, was gener ously exercised at their house. Not only parishioners but numberless other persons found a uniform and hearty welcome. For more than twoscore years it was a ministers' home, a frequent place for their rest and refreshment. Home and foreign missionaries found an asylum there. Distinguished visitors from a distance were often guests. A more affectionate father, wisely indulgent, yet tenderly vigilant and firm, it would be hard to find, The early conversion of his children and their relig ious culture were evidently his chief aim. The tes timony of many who were well acquainted — having been inmates of the family for months, and some of them even for years — is that as head of the house hold Dr. Burgess was most exemplary, prudent, sym pathizing, noticeably thoughtful of the comfort and welfare of all, domestics included. One who spent three years in the family, a person of high culture, keen discernment, and connected with a different denomination, has said, deliberately, " He was the best man I ever knew." In stature Dr. Burgess was above the average height, erect, and finely proportioned. The first im pression made upon a stranger would be that of dig nity and gravity. One acquaintance used to pronounce him " the last of the Puritans." For the Puritans and Pilgrims he entertained a profound filial respect. His native county had a large place in his heart. On vis iting Plymouth, holding his first-born child in a large willow basket, he set the little fellow on Pilgrim Rock, and, raising his hands towards heaven, engaged in silent prayer. Dr. Burgess' manners were in some measure old- time manners, with a touch of primitive New England stateliness. But it required no long acquaintance to discover a genuine benignity, a pervasive kindliness. No harsh judgments would escape from him; no loss of temper would ever be witnessed ; no social or pro fessional indiscretions would be detected. The clerical office was sure to be respected in the man. Egotism had no place ; for ostentation he cherished a deep dis like. Regularity, personal neatness, and temperance in meats and drinks were characteristics. His three thousand manuscript sermons are models of unblem ished orderliness ; not a blot and scarcely an erasure could be found on them. In all later years Dr. Burgess enjoyed excellent health, which was due in part, no doubt, to well-regu lated exercise in superintending and cultivating his farm on the banks of Charles River. To human ap pearance there was every reason to suppose that in longevity he might even surpass his ancestors. In ErV diyA.H Ritchie- ot-^z-^t-T^j I. DEDHAM. 99 March, 1870, however, at eighty years of age, he met with an injury which undermined his strength, and which induced or aggravated a fatal complaint. Only a few times could he appear at worship on the Lord's Day. Suffering became extreme, but it was borne with Christian heroism till December 7th, when, joyfully trusting in Him who is the resurrection and the life, he entered into rest. Underneath his name on a monument in the cemetery are these words, — ¦ " Whose faith follow." ALVAN LAMSON. Alvan Lamson was born at Weston, Mass., Nov. 18, 1792. The genealogy of the family does not seem to be very well known. John Lamson, the great-grandfather of Alvan, is believed to have gone from Reading to Weston, and is supposed to have been the son of Joseph Lamson, of Charlestown, or Joseph Lamson, of Cambridge, — the name Joseph Lamson appearing in both places. Joseph Lamson, of Cambridge, was the son of Barnabas Lamson (or Lamsonn, as he wrote his name), of Cambridge. John Lamson, of Weston, the grandfather of Alvan, was born in 1724, married Elizabeth Weston, of Lincoln, and died in 1785. John Lamson, the father of Alvan, was born in Weston, in 1760. He married Hannah Ayers, of Needham, Oct. 17, 1790, and died Sept. 3, 1833. He was a farmer, owning the land he. cultivated. Alvan Lamson worked on his father's farm till he left home for the academy at Andover. He early showed a love of reading and study, being marked at the district school as exemplary in conduct and rank ing high among his schoolmates. When still young he looked forward to studying for the ministry. After attending the district school and being for some time under the instruction of Dr. Kendall, the clergy man at Weston, he went to Phillips Academy, And over, where he completed his preparatory studies, and in 1810 entered Harvard College. His class — the class of 1814 — contained several who stood high in after-life, among others, James Walker, who became professor and president of the college; Pliny Merrick, who was judge of the Su preme Court of Massachusetts ; and William H. Prescott, the historian. He took a high rank among his classmates in the beginning, and maintained it to the end. In college, as at the academy, he depended largely on his own exertions for his support. For two years after graduating he was a tutor in Bowdoin College. He then entered the Divinity School at Cambridge, appearing in the catalogue as a member of the first class which graduated from the school (in 1817). In 1818 he was invited to become the pastor of the First Church and Parish in Dedham, and, after some hesitation, accepted the invitation. It was a time of change in religious societies. Differences of opinion and belief had become de cided and sometimes irreconcilable, many old parishes were divided and new ones formed. There was dis agreement in the Dedham Church and Parish as in others. A considerable majority — two-thirds, or more — of the parish sympathized with what was called the Liberal, or Unitarian belief, the larger number of the most active members of the church being more favorable to what has been known as the Orthodox faith. The invitation to Dr. Lamson was given by the parish without the concurrence or approval of the church, though a majority of the members of the church finally acquiesced in the action of the parish. Hence arose a controversy which was prolonged and bitter. The parish, and, in its turn, the church, summoned a council, and the conflict led to legal proceedings, the final decision of the Supreme Court x being that the parish and the portion of the church which remained with it still continued to be the First Church and Parish, re taining all their rights and property. The members of the church and parish who were not satisfied with the consequences of this decision withdrew and formed a new association, the church thus consti tuted being now known as the "Orthodox," or " Allin Congregational Church." After his settlement Dr. Lamson devoted himself to his parish and to literary pursuits. His life was earnest and laborious, but, like most lives given to study and the quiet performance of duty, it affords little on which the writer of a brief memoir may enlarge or which will arrest the attention of a casual reader. He received the degree of Doctor of Divinity from his college in 1837, and acquired a high repu tation as a preacher, writer, and scholar. He at tended carefully to his pastoral duties, performing them with his best strength and ability. He fully appreciated the importance of good schools, and gave much time and labor to the care and improvement of the public schools of the town, being an active member of the school committee for a number of years, and diligently attending to some of its most troublesome and important duties. 1 Baker rs. Fales, Mass. Rep., vol. xvi. p. 488. 100 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. His health was never robust, and at times was quite feeble, and his work often brought weariness, nervousness, and discouragement, — uncomfortable days, and nights with little sleep. About middle life he was attacked by a serious illness, which, be sides its effect on his general health, produced a paralysis of certain muscles, and which perplexed and baffled his physician. He suffered from this for several years, but was finally relieved by vigorous treatment at the hot sulphur springs of Virginia. During his absence there the cause of his illness was almost accidentally discovered. It arose from the use of water impregnated with lead. This water was brought from a spring on " Federal Hill." through logs, to two reservoirs in the village, and thence dis tributed by lead pipes. It was supposed to have caused several cases of severe illness and some deaths. This visit to Virginia in pursuit of health, and a trip to Europe of a few months in 1853, were prob ably his most extended absences from home after his settlement. Living thus in Dedham, which during the earlier part of his residence was a somewhat secluded village, he came to feel a strong attachment to the place and his people, and a deep interest in all that concerned them, and these feelings continued to the end of his life. Dr. Lamson had a strong literary taste. He had a high estimation of the Greek and Latin classical writers and the standard English and American authors, and was well versed in general literature. He was a ready though not a hasty writer. His style — always pure and simple — had force and beauty, and his writings won the warm praise of his contemporaries, who were most capable of judging of them. He was for a number of years a member of the examining committee in Rhetoric, during the professorship of Edward T. Channing, in Harvard College. He wrote many articles in the Christian Examiner, of which, with Rev. E. S. Gannett, he was editor from January, 1844, to May, 1849. He published a volume of sermons in 1857, and a number of occa sional sermons and addresses, including " A History of the First Church and Parish in Dedham, in three Discourses," delivered Nov. 29 and Dec. 2, 1838. He was fond of historical and antiquarian researches was a member of the Massachusetts Historical So ciety, and one of the original members of the Dedham Historical Society. He was especially interested in the history of the early church, and in the Works of the early Christian writers,— the Fathers, as they are often called. In 1860 he published a volume entitled " The Church of the First Three Centuries." He spent much time on this work after its first publication, and a revised and enlarged edition of it was issued in 1865, after his decease, under the supervision of Professor Ezra Abbot. He was familiar with the history and doc trines of New England Congregationalism, and was summoned as a witness in a case in the New Hamp shire Court,1 which depended on the meaning of the term " Congregational." He was also selected to write the article on Unitarianism, in Rupp's " History of all the Religious Denominations in the United States." Dr. Lamson was very fond of country life, thought much of his garden, and took great interest in agri culture, pomology, and arboriculture. He was a member of the Norfolk Agricultural Society, and de livered the annual address before it in 1857. His personal character was of much simplicity. He was conscientious, — sometimes more than conscien tious, — scrupulously honest and honorable in his dealings, always anxious to avoid violating the rights of others, and often ready to sacrifice his own. But he -was not wanting in judgment and sagacity. He was exact in the performance of all which he regarded as duty, desiring to leave nothing undone which properly belonged to him to do, but was generally in dulgent in his judgment of others. He was no ascetic, and was never inclined to condemn a reason able indulgence in the amusements of life. In his hours of leisure he enjoyed social intercourse, though a natural reserve and sensitiveness, and his studious habits, prevented him from seeking it as constantly as many do, and gave him the appearance of caring less for it than he really did. His connection with his parish continued till Oct. 29, 1860, — forty-two years from the time of his settlement, — when his resignation, offered a little while before, took effect. After his retirement he still retained a lively interest in the affairs of the parish, taking part in the instruction of the Sunday- school, and holding himself ready to aid his successor and his people whenever his assistance was desired. He married, in 1825, Frances Fidelia Ward, daughter of Artemus Ward, who was a long time chief justice of the Court of Common Pleas. He died July 18, 1864, of paralysis, of which he had 1 Attorney-General vs. Dublin, New Hampshire Rep., vol. xxxviii. p. 459. Dr. Lamson testified fully for the defendant in this case, but the court, in their decision, held that such evi dence was not admissible, and that the meaning of the word Congregational should be determined by the court as a question of law, reference being made to historical works and other ¦works of authority. Hi- ¦If fyASBiCChze W'?'tf> f Cf V-e-Ca, >ZjCcC DEDHAM. 101 had a slight attack the preceding year, — an attack so slight that its true character was hardly recognized at the time. The following is a list of the publications of Dr. Lamson : Sermons, 12mo, pp. 424. 1857. The Church of the First Three Centuries ; or, Notices of the Lives and Opinions of some of the Early Fathers, with special reference to the Doctrine of the Trinity : illustrating its late origin and gradual formation. 8vo, pp. 352. 1860. Second edition of the same, revised and enlarged ; edited by Ezra Abbot. 8vo, pp. 410. 1865. An edition of this work, with additional notes by Henry Ierson, was published by the British and Foreign Unitarian Association. London. 1875. Pamphlets. — Sermon on the Adaptation of Chris tianity. 1825. Remarks on the Genius and Writings of Soame Jenyns, and on the Internal Evidences of Christianity. 1826. Sermon preached at the Ordination of Rev. Charles C. Sewall, at Danvers. 1827. Discourse at the Dedication of Bethlehem Chapel, Augusta, Me. 1827. Discourse on the Validity of Congregational Ordi nation (Dudleian Lecture). 1834. Sermon on the Sin against the Holy Ghost. 1835. A History of the First Church and Parish in Dedham, in three Discourses, delivered Nov. 29 and Dec. 2, 1838. Published in 1839. A Discourse delivered on the day of the National Fast, on occasion of the death of President Harrison. 1841. Congregationalism. A Discourse delivered before the Massachusetts Convention of Congregational Ministers. 1846. The Memory of John Robinson. A Discourse de livered at Dedham, Sunday, Dec. 21, 1851. Impressions of Men and Things Abroad. A Ser mon preached at Dedham, Sept. 11, 1853, after an absence of some months in Europe. Agricultural Life in some of its Intellectual Aspects. An Address delivered before the Norfolk Agricultural Society, Sept. 30, 1857. A Sermon preached Oct. 31, 1858, the Sunday after the Fortieth Anniversary of his Ordination. A Discourse preached Oct. 28, 1860, on Resign ing the Pastoral Charge of the First Church and Parish in Dedham, after a Ministry of Forty-two Years. Funeral Sermons. — On Ebenezer Fisher, Jr. 1847. On Mrs. Mary Dean. 1851. On Rev. John White. 1852. On John Endicott. 1857. On Hon. James Richardson. 1858. Tracts (Unitarian). — On the Doctrine of Two Natures in Jesus Christ. First Series, No. 20. (Re printed in England.) On the Foundation of our Confidence in the Saviour. First Series, No. 89. (Reprint of Sermon at Ordination of C. C. Sewall.) On Earnestness in Religion. First Series, No. 188. What is Unitarianism ? First Series, No. 202. (Reprint, after revision, of the article on " Unitarian Congregationalists," in Rupp's " History of all the Religious Denominations in the United States.") IRA CLEVELAND. Ira Cleveland was born in the town of Hopkinton, Middlesex Co., Mass., Feb. 1, 1802. When four years old he moved with his father, Ira Cleveland, to a farm in Milford, Worcester County, and was occu pied in attending school and in assisting his father in agricultural pursuits until he entered college. He prepared at a private academy in Mendon, entered Brown University in September, 1821, and graduated in 1825 valedictorian of his class. Soon after leaving his Alma Mater he began to study law at Marlboro', Mass., and in 1828 came to Dedham and entered the office of the Hon. Horace Mann, where he was engaged in attending law lectures and preparing for admission to the bar. During the December term of the Court of Common Pleas, in 1829, he was duly admitted as an attorney-at-law, and in the usual course a counsellor in that and the Supreme Judicial Court. The ten years which followed were given ex clusively to his law practice, which by his industry and wisdom increased until he received a goodly share of the business of the county, and held a satisfactory position as an advocate. He always had a high re gard for the justice and equity of the several legal tribunals and the integrity of their officers, but at the same time he was never disposed to favor litigation, and in most cases advised his clients to adjust their disputes by private agreement, rather than have re course to an expensive and extended process by law. Mr. Cleveland, in 1840, was connected with the Dedham and Norfolk County Mutual Insurance Com panies, and became so much engaged with the prosecu tion of this business that he gradually withdrew from the bar. He was also appointed public administrator, which office he held forty-two years. At the present writing, although in his eighty-second year, he is ac- 102 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. tively engaged with the above-named corporations, as president of one and treasurer of both. In the spring of 1837, Mr. Cleveland married Miss Frances M. Whitney, daughter of Major T. P. Whitney, of Wrentham. His wedded life was brief. He buried his wife and infant daughter in the year following. In his intense bereavement he found a deeply sympathizing friend in the Rev. Dr. Babcock, rector of St. Paul's Episcopal Church. He was affectionately taken into his family and provided with a home, where he remained until it was broken by death, a period of forty-three years. He now resides in the family of the present rector, the Rev. Arthur M. Backus. Mr. Cleveland, soon after coming to Dedham, in terested himself and others in beautifying the streets and squares of the village. Many ornamental trees were planted in various quarters, and the village cemetery changed from a dilapidated condition to one of order and attractiveness. His more excellent labors have been in behalf of St. Paul's Church. He became a member of the church in 1838. The same year he was elected warden and a delegate to the Diocesan Convention of Massachusetts, and has acted constantly in these capacities until the present time. His gifts to the parish have been generous and frequent. He was actively engaged in forwarding the execution of the church building which was constructed in 1845, costing seven thousand dollars. After this church was burned, his efficient help enabled the parish to build the present beautiful stone edifice, at an expense of over thirty thousand dollars. The sum donated by him to assist in these two cases was greater than thirteen thousand dollars. He was largely instru mental in erecting the costly monument to the memory of the late Bishop Griswold which stands on the north side of the church ; and, together with Joseph W. Clarke, Esq., placed the beautiful testimonial in marble, which stands near it, to the memory of his cherished friend and rector, Rev. Samuel B. Babcock. In 1881 he added to his constantly increasing bene factions the gift of a chime of ten bells, the largest weighing three thousand and fifty pounds, at a cost of over five thousand dollars. In 1882 the gratitude of the parish was called for again through the offer to decorate the interior of the church at an expense of more than three thousand dollars. The acceptance of this gift enabled him to fulfill his heart's desire, and to make glorious that object upon«which his affec tion was set, viz., the House of God. Mr. Cleveland, although weighted with the burdens of over fourscore years, is wonderfully active and well preserved. His life has been unostentatious, yet not devoid of strength and earnestness. Intensity of purpose and persevering devotion are his prevailing characteristics. These, with his benevolence and generosity, will make him ever to be venerated, and his name one which his friends and associates will ever delight to honor. JOSEPH W. CLARK. Elder John White, the ancestor of Joseph W. Clark on his mother's side, was one of the first set tlers of Cambridge, of Hartford, and of Hadley, Mass, He was a passenger in the ship " Lyon," which sailed from England June 22, 1632. She brought one hundred and twenty-three passengers, thirty-three adult males, including John White. The General Court had assigned the town of Cambridge — then called Newtowne— for their settlement, together with the company of Rev. Thomas Hooker, who had ar rived a short time before and made a temporary settle ment at Braintree. Here John White found his first home in this Western world. His home-lot, with his dwelling-house, was on a street called Cow-Yard Row. This home-lot with about thirty acres farming land was early allotted to him, and in August, 1633, the town granted him three-fourths of an acre more for a cow-yard. Gore Hall, the beautiful library building of Harvard University, probably now graces this cow- yard. The location and quantity of his allotments indicate that in his contributions to the common stock he was in a middle place, neither among the wealthier nor poorer class. In February, 1635, the town made its first election of a board of seven men " to do the business of the whole town." They were then called Townsmen or selectmen. John White was one of the number chosen. Soon after the Rev. Mr. Hooker and his people began to feel straitened in their accommo dations, and determined to look out for a new home. They selected the valley of the Connecticut, and having obtained the reluctant consent of the govern ment of Massachusetts, in June, 1636, the main body of the company effected their removal. Trumbull, the historian, says in his graphic narra tive, " About a hundred men, women, and children traveled more than one hundred miles through a tedious and tractless wilderness to Hartford. They had no guide but their compass over mountains and rivers, through swamps and thickets, with no covering but the heavens ; they drove one hundred and sixty --'nf 'tyA^inacrae On3^~^ DEDHAM. 103 head of cattle and subsisted on the milk of the cows. Mrs. Hooker was borne on a litter through the wil derness." In the records of Hartford, John White appears as one of the original one hundred proprietors. His home-lot was on what is now Governor Street ; only eighteen of the original had a larger share than his. Here he was chosen one of the board of " Orderers," as the selectmen were called. Little is known of his private life except that he was a frugal and industrious farmer, careful in securing for his children a good education. Dissensions soon arose in the church between the minister and Elder Goodwin, and it was determined by the elder and his following to found a new colony. On the 18th of April, 1659, sixty persons signed an agreement to remove to Hadley. John White's name being fifth on the list, indicates that he was one of the leaders in this important step. The town record of Hadley says, " This plantation by the engagers did on the 9th of November, chuse by vote six per sons (John White being one of them) to order all publick occasions that conscerns the good of the plan tation for the yeare ensuing." The margin of the record calls this the first choice of " Townsmen." Thus were laid the foundations of Hadley, — the frontier settlement of that day, — looking out towards the northwest, north, northeast, and east on the boundless forest and its savage Indian occupants. John White's share in the common enterprise was one hundred and fifty pounds, the highest share being represented by two hundred pounds. He at once took an active part in the affairs of the town, and was sent a number of times as deputy or rep resentative to the General Court at Boston. As evi dence of his good report among the brethren , he was one of the " messengers" from Hadley when the church at Northampton was gathered, in the year 1661. After 1670 his name does not appear in the records, he having returned to Hartford. A new church was formed there, and he was chosen elder in it. The home of twenty-three years of the vigor of his life retained a strong hold on his affections, and it needed only the attraction of a church formed after his idea of a perfect Scripture model to win him back to his early home. His life was prolonged to a good old age, and in the winter of 1683-84 he rested from his labors. His good sense and sound judgment are attested by the nature of the services his fellow-citizens sought from him. Each of the three important towns in which he lived received his aid in management of its prudential affairs. The capacity to discharge the duties of a townsman as well as those of representative to the colonial Legislature was in that day an indispensable pre requisite to the appointment. The office of ruling elder in the church, which he held during the last ten or twelve years of his life, was one of great in fluence and importance ; it was designed to relieve the pastor of a considerable part of the responsibility attending the government and discipline of the church. It required a grave and discreet man, one who had earned a good report of those without and within the church. Such a one in all respects fur nished for his work was our John White. To be the descendant of one whose qualifications caused him to be called to these various duties in the church and in "the State, and who has discharged them well, is a matter of just pride. His descendants should abundantly honor the an cestor in whose footsteps they may so safely walk. Joseph W. Clark was born in Easthampton, Mass., Sept. 16, 1810. He was the seventh generation in descent from " the Most Worshipful William Clarke, Esq." (as the record has it), who died in Northampton, July 19, 1690, aged eighty-one. He was born in England in 1609, and sailed from Plymouth with his family in 1630, in the ship " Mary and John," for Boston, a few weeks before that dis tinguished company of fifteen hundred, headed by John Winthrop, afterwards Governor, in a fleet of thirteen vessels, from the Isle of Wight for Salem. He settled first with the Dorchester colony, where he remained till 1659, when he was induced to join the Northampton colony, which was made up in good part by his companions on the voyage from England, particularly his lifelong friend, Elder John Strong. These two worthies were perhaps equally con spicuous in stamping their unbending Puritan princi ples upon this frontier colony. Two years later, viz., in 1661, at the organization of a train-band or militia company of sixty men, the number being incomplete, and not large enough to entitle them to a captain, William Clarke was chosen the highest officer, viz., " lieutenant," — at that time considered a most impor tant position, securing to him ever after the dis tinguishing title of Lieut. Clarke. He held other important positions, — as representa tive to the General Court at Boston, and for more than twenty years one of the selectmen. He was one of the judges of the County Court, held alternately at Northampton and Springfield. He was mentioned, moreover, as one of the seven pillars on which, with the first minister, the church there was originally constituted. The descendants of this godly man number many 104 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. thousands, some of whom, even of the ninth genera tion, are active to-day in the affairs of church and state in most of the States of the Union. He settled on a twelve-acre lot on what is now Elm Street, there being no street till long afterwards. The President Seelye place is part of this lot, and through the long period of over two hundred and twenty years some part of these twelve acres has con tinued in possession of Lieut. William's descendants. In point of longevity and rapid increase, this is prob ably the most remarkable family ever reared in the town. The record shows that the sixth child of Lieut. William had eleven children ; one died in early life, three lived to be above seventy, three above eighty, and four above ninety. Of these, six were sons, and each lived with the wife of his youth more than fifty years. Governor Caleb Strong says they were all living within his memory, all were respectable, and in good circumstances. One of the sons, Lieut. Ebenezer, who lived near the President Seelye place, attained the age of ninety-nine. At his death, in 1781, there had sprung from the original pair, as stated by President Dwight, of Yale College, eleven hundred and forty-five persons, of whom nine hundred and sixty were then living. When it is remembered that all this relates simply to one of Lieut. William's sons, viz., Deacon John and his posterity, some faint idea may be formed as to the multitude of his de scendants, which it is estimated would number not less than thirty thousand. His tomb and monument may be seen in the old cemetery at Northampton. Asahel Clarke, the fifth in descent from Lieut. William, was born Feb. 17, 1737, was a lieutenant in the Revolutionary army, and died in Easthampton, on his eighty-fifth birthday, in 1822. He married Submit Clapp, who died in 1818. They had twelve children. The sixth son, Bohan, was born in 1772, and died at Cambridge in 1846. He married, in 1802, Polly White (J. W. Clark's mother), of Had ley. She died in Romeo, Mich., October, 1868. They had four sons and two daughters. When Joseph was eight years old his father re moved to Northampton, having bought the mill property on Mill River with the homestead on South Street. Here he had only the advantages of a com mon-school education till 1825, when he went to Providence to live with his brother, Enoch White, who had established a banking-house there as a branch of the eminent firm of S. & M. Allen & Co., of Philadelphia and New York, who had also similar branches in many of the Southern and West ern cities. In 1829, before he was twenty years old, he was admitted as partner with his brother in the new firm of E. W. Clark & Bro. A few years later the concern established itself in Boston, and in 1836 ' E. W. Clark removed to Philadelphia and founded 1 the house of E. W. Clark & Co., which is continued to-day by the children of the two succeeding gen erations, and enjoys deservedly a high position there. Joseph W. remained in Boston, under the style of J. W. Clark & Co. From these two parent houses in Philadelphia and Boston sprang E. W. Clark Dodge & Co., of New York ; E. W. Clark & Bros.,' of St. Louis ; Clark's Exchange Bank, of Springfield, 111. ; and E. W. Clark, Brothers & Farnum, of New Orleans. In 1834 he married Eleanor Arnold Jackson, t daughter of Nathan W. Jackson, of Providence, R. I. The first seven years of married life they lived in Boston, and three children were born there, viz. : Ran dolph Marshall, Agnes White, and Eleanor Jackson. In 1840 he bought a beautiful residence on Blue Hill, in Milton, where three children were born, — Mary Frances, Annie Crawford, and Susan Goodman. Five years later he removed to Dedham, and since that time — thirty-nine years ago — he has lived there. Here Carrie Ward, the youngest child, was born. She died in Boston in 1872. Randolph Marshall married, in 1863, Mary Vinton, daughter of Rev. A. H. Vinton, of St. Mark's Church, New York City. He died Sept. 11, 1872, in Dedham, leaving two daughters, who, with their mother, live in Boston. Agnes White married, in 1859, Charles Van Brunt, of Dedham, son of Commodore Van Brunt, of the United States navy. Mary Frances married, in 1863, Dr. Courtland Hop- pin, of Providence, R. I. He died in 1876, leaving three children. Annie Crawford married, in 1867, Edward Sturgis Grew. They have four children and live in Boston. He is partner in the commission house of Lawrence & Co., successors to the eminent firm of the last generation of A. & A. Lawrence & Co. Susan Goodman married, in 1867, Gustav Stell- wag, a German merchant, who lives in New York. In Dedham Mr. Clark took an active interest in all local improvements. He was the chief promoter of the Dedham and Hyde Park Gas Company some thirty years ago, and has for many years been presi dent of the corporation. More recently the people are indebted to Mr. Clark, with two or three enter prising citizens, for perhaps the greatest boon that has ever been conferred upon the town, the water works, giving an ample supply of pure spring water for all domestic and fire purposes. But for his pecu niary aid and influence it is not probable that this would have been accomplished perhaps for many DEDHAM. 105 i. 'ears. From his earliest residence in town he has ft..., *ieen intimately identified with St. Paul's Episcopal ^'Parish, under the rectorship of his early and constant ¦/Mend, Rev. Samuel B. Babcock, D.D. He was for nauy years junior warden, with his friend Ira Cleve- and as senior. He was a liberal contributor in all He '¦••I.., ,; -,he departments of church and parish work. L' was frequently chosen delegate to the diocesan con- 'vention. 1 Soon after the treaty with the Indians, by which sifcc the upper peninsula of Michigan was ceded to the United States when the vast wealth of the mineral deposits began to be known and appreciated, he be came greatly interested in these lands, and has since • -that time been identified with the wonderful devel opment of that region which has added so vastly to r*-L'the national wealth, and has become one of the lead- Mifejng sources of copper supply for the world, while this ™V ¦byAS.Ritc'hiS- ^2^T DEDHAM. 109 sephine M. Prince, of Dedham, Oct. 12, 1881. Isaac F. graduated from Dartmouth College in 1878, was admitted to the bar in 1882, and is now a prac ticing lawyer in the city of Boston, where he resides. He married Ida L. Batcheller, of Fitzwilliam, N. H, March 22, 1883. Ebenezer T. resides on the home stead. He married Marietta Taylor, of Wakefield, Mass., Nov. 7, 1882. Martha D. is at home with her parents, not having yet completed her education. CHAUNCEY C. CHURCHILL. Chauncey C. Churchill, son of William L. and Eliza Lamphear Churchill, was born in West Fairlee, Vt., Sept. 26, 1815. Like many of the leading men of to-day at the bar, among the clergy, and in busi ness circles, he was reared on a farm, received the advantages of the common and high schools, and subsequently engaged in teaching. During four winters he engaged in this laudable vocation, in the mean time working on a farm during the fall and summer seasons. In 1839 he went to Salisbury, Mass., as an em ploye in the Salisbury Mills, where he remained until 1842. He then came to Dedham, and entered the employ of what is now the Merchants' Woolen Com pany's Mills, remaining thirteen years, until 1855. His business capacity, integrity, and usefulness as a citizen had won for him the confidence and esteem of the people of Norfolk County, and in 1855 he was elected to the responsible and honorable office of county treasurer, and has been successively re-elected to the present time, a period of nearly thirty years. In 1864 he was appointed deputy collector of in ternal revenue, and served five years. He was also a member of the Dedham school committee for nine years, commencing in 1871. Although not a com municant of any ecclesiastical body, he is an active member of the Allin Evangelical Society, in Ded ham, and has been its collector and treasurer for a number of years. June 7, 1842, he united in marriage with Peme- lia Sabin, daughter of Deacon Benajah Sabin, of Salisbury, Mass., and their family consists of two children, a son, Chauncey S., and a daughter, Isa- dore Maria, wife of Charles H. Leeland, of Dedham. Mr. Churchill's long and honorable public service has won him hosts of friends, and he is justly re garded as one of Dedham's most esteemed and honored citizens ; all movements looking to the welfare of his adopted town have found in him an earnest advocate. GEORGE A. SOUTHGATE, M.D. Dr. George A. Southgate dates his ancestry in this country to Richard Southgate, who came from Eng land in 1714, the line of descent being as follows: Richard, Richard, Isaac, Samuel, Samuel, George A. In 1718-19 the latter, with his family, consisting of wife and five children, accompanied by his brother John, joined a company who moved from Boston and vicinity to Strawberrry Hill, in Worcester County, and organized the town now known as Leicester. The elder Richard Southgate was the first treasurer of the town and a large landholder, receiving from the original grant seven hundred and forty acres of land. He was a civil engineer, and did much in making and laying out lots in the town. The lon gevity of the family is remarkable. Richard died in Leicester, aged eighty-four, and his son Richard also died in Leicester, aged eighty-four. Isaac, son of the second Bichard, also lived and died in Leicester at the age of eighty-one ; and Samuel, son of Isaac, lived and died in Leicester, in 1859, aged eighty-one ; and Samuel, father of the subject of this sketch, died in Dedham in 1877, aged seventy years. Dr. Southgate's mother was Charlotte Warren Ful ler, daughter of Charlotte Warren. His maternal great-grandmother was Elizabeth Wheeler, and his great-great-grandmother Mary Belcher Bass Hen- shaw, whose father was Joseph Bass, who married Ruth Alden, daughter of John Alden and Priscilla Mullen. His mother and grandmother are both living in Leicester, aged seventy-three and ninety- three years respectively. Dr. Southgate was born in Leicester, Sept. 27, 1833, and educated at Leicester Academy, where he fitted for college, and continued under a private tutor for two years. After spending two years in New York he entered the office of Jonathan E. Linnell, M.D., of Worcester, and when sufficiently advanced entered the medical department of Dartmouth Col lege, Hanover, N. H., under Dixi Crosby. He took his degree in Philadelphia in 1859, and in the same year commenced practice in Millbury, where he remained until July, 1863, when he removed to Ded ham, where he has since remained in the active prac tice of his profession. He was married June 13, 1860, to Miss Mary Bigelow Willson, of West Rox bury, daughter of Rev. Luther Willson, of Petersham, and sister of Rev. E. B. Willson, now of Salem, for merly of West Roxbury. They have five children, —Robert Willson, Delia Wells, May Fuller, Walter Bradford, and Helen Louise. Politically, he is a Republican, and in religion, liberal. 110 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. JEREMIAH W. GAY. Jeremiah W. Gay was born in Dedham, Aug. 30, 1804. His father, Capt. William Gay, was born in Dedham, June 25, 1752. Nov. 25, 1790, he married Elizabeth Whiting, of Dedham, the daugh ter of Joshua Whiting, by whom he had four children, — William King, who was born April 20, 1792, and died Jan. 6, 1860; Sophia, who was born Sept. 21, 1793, and died, unmarried, at the age of seventy-eight years ; Lucy, who was born Sept. 22, 1797, and died, unmarried, at the age of eighty-five years ; and Jer emiah W., who was married to Hannah E. Dean, daughter of Joseph and Hannah (Farrington) Dean, by whom he had two children, Joseph A., who died at the age of twenty-seven, and Lusher, who died at the age of three years. William King Gay married Susan Gould, by whom he had three children. Capt. William Gay died at the age of seventy-six years, and Elizabeth Whiting, his wife, died at the age of ninety- one years. The grandfather of Jeremiah W. Gay was Deacon Ichabod Gay, who married Elizabeth King, who died at the age of forty-two years. He after wards married Lucy Richards, who also died at the age of seventy-three years. Deacon Ichabod Gay was a farmer, as were nearly all the ancestors of Jeremiah. He died, greatly respected, Dec. 14, 1814, at the age of ninety-one years. The great-grandfather of Jere miah W. Gay was Lusher Gay, who was born Sept. 26, 1685. The great-great-grandfather of the sub ject of this sketch was Nathaniel Gay, who was born in 1642. Of Jeremiah W. Gay it may well be said that he has shown respect to the scriptural injunction, " remove not the ancient landmark which thy fathers have set up," for the old homestead has remained in the possession of the family from the time of the first settlement of Dedham down through six generations to the present time. The ancestors of Mr. Gay were buried in the First Parish cemetery and in the cem etery in West Dedham. The educational advantages enjoyed by Mr. Gay were those of the common school. He has been a far mer all his life, and the presence of a comfortable home with modern appointments, fine barns and outbuild ings, and broad, well-tilled acres clearly indicate a large measure of success. Mr. Gay inherits the manly bearing and positive character of Deacon Icha bod Gay, his grandfather, who was a soldier in the Revolutionary war. The parents of Mr. Gay were members of the Unitarian Church, and were highly respected. Mr. Gay was in politics a member of the Whig party, and has been identified with the Repub lican party from its organization. He has been an extensive reader on agricultural matters, is well ad vised of the current news of the day, and is a man whose opinion on general matters is rendered of value by reason of the sturdy good sense with which he is endowed. Mr. Gay has lived in Dedham all his life, and has always been respected as a good citizen and neighbor. EDWIN WHITING. Edwin Whiting, only son of Abner and Loacada Whiting, was born in Dedham, Jan. 27, 1806. His father was born in Dedham and married Loacada Whiting, by whom he had four children, three daugh ters and one son. In 1786 he built the house in which his children were born, and which has been continuously occupied by members of the family up to the present time. There have been but two deaths in the old homestead, that of himself and that of his wife. Edwin is of the seventh generation from Nathaniel Whiting, who settled in Roxbury, Norfolk Co., at a very early date. The ancestors of Edwin became farmers and mil lers, and carried on an extensive business after the settlement of Dedham, prior to which one had settled on the banks of the Charles River and another on the Neponset River, where they gained a livelihood by trapping and hunting. Edwin's father was a farmer, and Edwin was reared on the farm, being the fourth child, his three sisters passing away at advanced ages. Edwin's father died at the age of seventy-seven, and his mother at the age of eighty-six. Mr. Whiting received the sort of education ordi narily obtained in the district school, attending only the winter term, and working on the farm with his father during the summer. Thus he continued to live until the death of his father, when at the age of thirty-two years he took possession of the farm, making just and equitable settlement with his sisters for their portion of their father's estate. He subsequently inherited considerable property from his uncle, Ed ward Whiting, who died without issue. Mr. Whit ing's paternal grandfather was Joseph, and his ma ternal grandfather was Joshua. Mr. Whiting married Rebecca Dean, who was the daughter of Joseph and Hannah (Farrington) Dean, of Dedham, by whom there was born to them a daughter and son. Mrs. Whiting died Feb. 12, 1882, and the daughter, Frances R., directs the household affairs for her father. The son, George E., carries on the farm affairs. Mr. Whiting has been a farmer all his life, and at one time owned a large tract of land about ' '-'' P~t>i Am .Ri,U S'»«/i-yAHi?i£rto: Cftla^ync fl%^2fe^ w ^??-g^> BRAINTREE. Ill he old homestead, but now his real estate possessions omprise some one hundred and forty acres only, he laving invested to some extent in modern securities. lr. Whiting was a Whig in politics, but at the iresent time takes but little interest in political ffairs, being content to lead a quiet life at his home. le is independent in his religious convictions and a rood citizen. WILLIAM AMES. Amos Ames, of Groton, Mass., was born Jan. 18, 1734 ; was a farmer and large land-owner. He mar ried Abigail Bulkley, born Oct. 28, 1733, daughter sf Col. John Bulkley, who was a prominent citizen of Groton, where he died in 1772, aged sixty-nine years. Amos Ames died Aug. 4, 1817; Abigail, his wife, died Aug. 20, 1809. The Bulkley family traces its ancestry to Lord Viscount Bulkley, whose seat was at Baron Hill, in the Isle of Anglesey. Rev. Peter Bulkley settled in Concord, Mass., in 1636. His father was Rev. Edward Bulkley, D.D. Rev. Edward Bulkley, son of Rev. Peter and Jane Bulkley, was born at Odell, England, June 17, 1614 ; he emigrated to this country in 1634. He was licensed to preach the gospel, and was ordained at Marshfield in 1642. Hon. Peter Bulkley, oldest son of Rev. Edward Bulkley, was born Nov. 3, 1641 ; graduated, in 1660. He settled in Concord. He held many important offices, and acquitted himself with honor. He mar ried Rebecca Wheeler ; died at the age of forty-four. Joseph Bulkley, son of Hon. Peter and Rebecca Wheeler Bulkley, born Sept. 7, 1670. He made his will, which is found on the records of Middlesex, Mass. He lived in Littleton, Mass. John Bulkley, son of Joseph Bulkley, born about 1703. He held a colonel's commission, and died in Groton, in 1772, aged sixty-nine. John, his son, born in 1748, graduated at Harvard in 1769 ; was a lawyer, and died Dec. 16, 1774. Amos and Abigail Ames had seven sons and three daughters. Three of the sons were in the Revolu tionary army, the youngest being only sixteen years of age at the time of entering the service. All were taken prisoners, being confined on the prison-ship at Halifax ; they afterwards made their escape and again entered the army. Bulkley Ames, son of Amos Ames, farmer, was born in Groton, July 20, 1772 ; held many offices of trust, being selectman of the town for seventeen years in succession ; married Lydia Prescott, born Jan. 8, 1780, daughter of Ebenezer Proscott, of Westford, Mass., whose ancestors settled in Lan caster about 1647. He was a large land proprietor, and owner of the iron-works at Forge Village, in Westford ; cousin of Col. William Prescott, of Bun ker Hill fame. He died Jan. 22, 1811. Bulkley and Lydia Ames had three sons and one daughter. William Ames, son of Bulkley Ames, was born in Groton, Aug. 6, 1807. He was for a number of years partner of Jabez Coney, and largely interested in the millwright and machinery business ; was superintendent in the building of several fac tories and public buildings ; married Susan Lewis, daughter of Capt. Samuel Lewis, of Dedham, who lived on the place upon which his ancestors settled in the early settlement of the town. She was born April 26, 1814, died Feb. 13, 1880. He had two sons and two daughters. Politically he is a Repub lican. CHAPTER XIII. BRAINTREE. BY SAMUEL A. BATES. The town of Braintree was incorporated May 13, 1640 (O. S.). It included within its limits the present towns of Braintree, Quincy, Randolph, and Holbrook. Previous to its incorporation Quincy was called Mount Wollaston, and Braintree, Monoticut. It took its name from the river which flows through it, and which is spelled in so many different ways in the ancient records that it is uncertain which is the correct one. It is now written Monatiquot. Hol brook and a part of Randolph (perhaps the whole) were called Cochato, sometimes Cocheco. In one instance Cochato was called Beersheba. Tradition says that Randolph was once called Scadding, but I have never seen the name on the records. Quincy was set off as a separate town in 1792, and Randolph in 1793. Holbrook at that time was a part of Ran dolph. In 1856 a small portion of Braintree was annexed to Quincy. It was that portion known in ancient times as Knight's Neck, but in later days as Newcomb's Landing. Religious Societies. — The first church in Brain tree was organized Sept. 16, 1639, it being the Lord's day. The meeting-house was situated in the north part of the town, in the centre of the street now called Hancock, near the junction of Canal Street. When the way from Boston to Plymouth was laid out, in HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. 1648, it was to be four rods wide, commencing at Smelt Brook, on the borders of Weymouth and Braintree, running over what is now Commercial Street in Braintree, and Franklin, School, and Han cock Streets in Quincy, till it comes to the meeting house, when it shall be two rods on one end of the house and two rods on the other end, thus leaving it in the centre of the street. At that time there were but a few inhabitants in the south part of the town. But the settlement continued to increase, and grad ually to extend towards its southern limits. At what time the first house was erected in the limits of Monoticut, the ancient name of the present town of Braintree, is unknown. We know that in February, 1639-40, only five months after the embodiment of the church, we find a grant of land to John French and John Collins, of Monoticut. Soon after 1643 the iron-works were built on Monoticut River, which must have caused much increase of population in that part of the town. As early as 1658, and prob ably earlier, the town had been settled as far south as Randolph line, on the old road to Taunton, for at that time John Moore resided on what is still known as Moore's farm, a plot of six hundred acres of land, bounded on the north and east by Monoticut River, and partly on the west by Great Pond. This portion of the river in latter years has been called Moore's Farm River, in memory of the first settler upon its borders. As the settlement enlarged, the inhabitants felt that they needed a more convenient place of assembling themselves together, as some of them were obliged to travel many miles to attend upon public worship. About 1690 the inhabitants began to move in the matter of forming a new precinct in the south part of the town, but it was opposed by those living in the north part. A bitter feud existed be tween the different sections of the town concerning this matter, of which but little is known at the present time ; but a person then residing at the north end, named John Marshall, has left a diary which contains some sharp allusions to members of the church, who, he says, acted in a disorderly manner, and withdrew from the Lord's table. That he made charges which he could not maintain is evident from what afterwards transpired. The movement for a new society was continued until 1706, when a meet ing-house was built near the corner of Washington and Elm Streets, in the present town of Braintree. That this was done legally no one claimed, but its founders did claim that might deprived them of their just rights, the opposers of the new movement beino- composed of the most influential citizens of the town at the head of whom stood the Hon. Edmund Quincy, one of the leaders of the government of the colony. But the advocates of the new precinct were sustained by the advice and support of the leaders of the church in the vicinity, and on May 6, 1706 the meeting-house was raised in which they mi»ht wor-' ship, and which was soon after completed. Sept. 10 1707, Rev. Hugh Adams was ordained its pastor and the church was recognized on the same day. He was the son of John and Avis Adams, born in Boston May 7, 1676, graduated at Harvard College in 1697 at the age of twenty-one years. In his diary he states that at his installation at Durham, N. H. "the Rev. Jonathan Cushing read publicly the testimonial of my ordination at Braintree, signed by the Rev. Increase Mather and his son Cotton Mather (of the Old North Church, in Boston), and Rev. Mr. James Keith, the hoary-headed pastor of the church in Bridgewater, who laid their hands on my head in that ordination." This testimonial was also signed by the Rev. Nehemiah Walker, pastor of the church in Rox bury. We see in this account the names and in fluence of those men who, without the consent of the authorities of the colony, dared to organize the new church in Braintree. Had those men of whom Marshall spoke acted in an unchristianlike and dis orderly manner, as charged by him, we do not believe that such men as the Mathers, Keith, and Walker, leaders in the church at that time, would have en couraged them in their great undertaking, and lent their aid and presence to embody their new church, and, in addition, ordain a pastor to break for them the bread of life. But they had other opposition still to encounter, and they petitioned the legal authorities to be set off from the old society, and establish a new precinct, to be called the South Precinct, in Braintree. By the action of the authorities in answer to their petition, they were compelled to pay their proportion of the expense of supporting the old society, which was raised by legal rates, and also to pay for the sup port of their own pastor, the money necessary being raised by subscription. This double burden was a heavy tax upon the new precinct, as it was composed of men with moderate means. Rev. Mr. Adams re mained as their pastor until Aug. 22, 1710, when the connection was dissolved, and he removed to Chatham, Mass., and afterwards to Oyster River parish, now Durham, N. H. During the pastorate of Mr. Adams the South Precinct was set off, and regu larly established as the South Precinct of Braintree. This was not accomplished without opposition. A town-meeting was called to meet Nov. 3, 1708, to consult and consider about, and, if possible, to fis upon a suitable and reasonable line of division, difl- BRAINTREE. 113 tinction, or ^imitation of the said South End assem bly and society and of the North End congregation, that said line be lovingly agreed upon and settled, if it may be. There were those that did immediately declare against the dividing of the town, and that they did refuse to join with said inhabitants in that affair, and requested that it might be entered with their names in the town-book. These then entered their names : Lieut. John Cleverly, Ensign William Veasey, Solomon Veasey, Moses Penniman, James Penniman, Samuel Penniman, John Newcomb, Jr., James Brack ett, Nathan Brackett, and John Sanders. The same day it was voted that Col. Edmund Quincy, Esq., and Sergt. Nehemiah Hayden be a committee to petition the General Court in the name of the town to set off the south part of the town as a separate precinct. This was granted, and the legal existence of this so ciety commenced on Nov. 5, 1708, and has contin ued to this day. The names of those who were especially active in securing the organization of the new precinct were Samuel White, Caleb Hobart, Nehemiah Hayden, Joseph Allen, Samuel Bass, Samuel Payne, Ebenezer Thayer, Samuel Niles, Jr., and Samuel French. The Rev. Samuel Niles, second pastor of the so ciety, was ordained May 23, 1711. Rev. Peter Thacher (his father-in-law), of Milton, Rev. Joseph Belcher, of Dedham, Rev. John Danforth, of Dor chester, and Rev. Mr. Thacher, of Weymouth, as sisted in the services, the sermon being preached by the pastor-elect, as was the usual custom in those days. Rev. Mr. Niles was the son of Nathaniel and Sarah (Sands) Niles, of Block Island, and grandson of John Niles, one of the first settlers of Braintree. He was born May 1, 1673; baptized March 14, 1697, by Rev. Peter Thacher, at Milton, owning his father's covenant ; joined the church at Mil- ¦ ton, January, 1 699 ; entered Harvard College when twenty-two years of age, from whence he graduated in 1699 ; was licensed to preach soon after ; acted as ; pastor of the church in his native place for two years, and until his ordination, in 1711, was actively engaged in farming and ship building, by which occupations ; he earned his living. He had three wives and a large family of children. He was an able preacher, and one of the strong supporters of the Calvinistic creed. He naturally became a leader in the op position to the introduction of Unitarian principles into the Congregational Church of New England. . He died May 1, 1762. He was pastor of this church for nearly fifty-one years, and was engaged in active service from the time of his settlement, and preached till the last Sabbath previous to his death. His funeral sermon was preached by Rev. Mr. Smith, of Weymouth, from the text, "And Samuel died." He kept a diary during the whole term of his pas torate, which is now in possession of the Hon. Asa French, of Braintree, and which is very valuable to the genealogist. The third pastor was the Rev. Ezra Weld, ordained Nov. 17, 1762. He was born in Pomfret, Conn., June 13, 1736, graduated at Yale College in 1759, and died Jan. 16, 1816, aged nearly eighty years. He retired from active duties Aug. 17, 1807, the society paying him two hundred and eighty-six dollars and sixty-six cents per annum dur ing the remainder of his life. The Rev. Sylvester Sage was installed as the fourth pastor Nov. 4, 1807. In consequence of the health of his family he was compelled to ask for his dis charge, which was granted, and he was dismissed by council May 4, 1809. Rev. William Allen was given an invitation to become pastor of this church May 24, 1810, but he declined the call. Oct. 26, 1810, the town voted to invite Mr. Richard Salter Storrs to settle with them in the work of the gospel minis try, which vote was unanimous. Nov. 5, 1810, it was voted to pay Mr. Storrs the sum of eight hundred and twenty dollars per annum as long as he is the minister, and that John Hobart shall carry the pro ceedings to him for his consideration, and get his an swer as soon as may be, for which service he shall receive the sum of six dollars. It was also voted that Dr. Daniel Fogg and Lieut. Nathaniel Thayer shall be a committee to assist the clerk in fixing and writing a letter to Mr. Storrs. July 3, 1811, Mr. Storrs was ordained the fifth pastor of the church. He was born in Longmeadow, Feb. 6, 1787, and was the son of Rev. Richard S. and Sally (Williston) Storrs, and graduated at Williams College in 1807. Previous to his ordination he spent six months in the missionary service in Georgia. After a long pastorate of more than sixty-two years, he passed from earth Aug. 11, 1873, aged eighty-six years, six months, and five days, leaving behind him an unblemished reputation as a Christian, a scholar, a citizen, a neighbor, and a friend. In whatever path he trod, he left his footsteps so deeply imprinted that time will never erase them. An earnest advocate of the education of the young and tender mind, he spent much time in watching over the interests of our schools, for many years be ing placed at the head of the committee of superin tendence by the free suffrages of his fellow-citizens. As a citizen he took an active part in the welfare of his State and nation, and was selected, Oct. 20, 1820, as the delegate of the town to meet delegates of other towns in convention at Boston, for the purpose of re- 114 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. vising the Constitution of government of this com monwealth. As a clergyman he stood at the head of his profession, attracting large audiences when it was known that he was to take part in the services, his impassioned oratory almost magnetizing his hearers. He was an orator, created rather than manufactured. His deep, sonorous voice, commanding presence, and lightning-like eloquence conveyed to the hearts of his hearers the conviction that his words not only flowed from the mind, but also from the heart. He married three times, and had by his second wife one son, the Rev. Dr. Richard Salter Storrs, of Brooklyn, N. Y., who is well known throughout the country. About 1831 the church voted that their pastor, Rev. Dr. Storrs, should be at liberty for a term not exceeding five years, that he might accept the position of asso ciate secretary and general agent of the American Home Missionary Society for the New England States. It therefore became necessary that a colleague should be procured to perform the duties of the pastorate during his absence. Mr. Edwards A. Park was se lected for that purpose, and was ordained to the work of the ministry Dec. 21, 1831. Rev. Dr. Park re mained as colleague pastor until Jan. 17, 1834, when a council dissolved the connection in consequence of his acceptance of a professorship in Amherst College. The senior pastor did not resume his duties until 1836, and the pulpit was supplied by transient cler gymen, among whom may be named Rev. Paul Jewett and Rev. William R. Jewett, who preached most of the time. During the last few years of his life he was obliged to have assistance, and Rev. E. P. Tenney and William S. Hubbell were procured for that pur pose, and I think the last gentleman was regularly in stalled colleague pastor. The Rev. Thomas A. Emer son, the sixth pastor, was installed May 7, 1 874. He was born in Wakefield, Dec. 27, 1840, and was the son of Thomas and Emily (Swain) Emerson. He graduated from Yale College in 1863, and also from Andover Theological Seminary in 1869. He married, Oct. 27, 1875, Fannie Huntington Brewster, daughter of Rev. Dr. Robert and Ellen M. (Griffin) Crawford, and granddaughter of Rev. Dr. Griffin, president of Williams College. During the existence of this church, a period of one hundred and seventy-seven years, they have worshiped in four different meeting-houses, the first having been built in 1706. About 1758, the house having become dilapidated, they resolved on having a new and more convenient house, and the first meeting was held within its walls on Thursday, June 28, 1759, that being the day appointed for a public fast. It was in this house that the citizens of the old town of Braintree were accustomed to for the transaction of their civil business, and it was here that those true men, led by John Adams Esq., then a young lawyer, but afterwards President of the United States, were heard lifting up their voices in behalf of American independence. This house was torn down in 1830, to give place to anew house, which was dedicated to the worship of God Dec. 29, 1830, with appropriate services. June 3 1857, the present house of worship was dedicated by solemn services. Opposite the church is the spot selected to bury their dead. It was purchased of Josiah Hobart by Deacon Joseph Allen, Deacon Samuel . Bass, and Dependence French, a committee appointed by the precinct for that purpose. The deed bears date March 10, 1718, and states the price paid for one- half acre of land to be ten pounds. Within its limits are buried the earthly remains of those three veterans in the ministry, Rev. Samuel Niles, Rev. Ezra Weld, and Rev. Dr. Richard S. Storrs. About 1810 the citizens of the east part of the town joined with the inhabitants of that part of Weymouth called the Landing, and formed the second society in Braintree, taking the name of the Union Religious Society of Weymouth and Braintree. It purchased the meeting-house of the Hollis Street Church, in Boston, and removed it to Braintree, and they still occupy it. Their first pastor was the Rev. Daniel Clark, installed Dec. 31, 1811, who was dis missed Oct. 1, 1813, he not giving good satisfaction. Their second pastor was the Rev. Jonas Perkins, who was ordained June 14, 1815. He was born in North Bridgwater, Oct. 15, 1790, graduated at Brown Uni versity in 1813, and died June 26, 1874. He was the son of Josiah and Anna (Reynolds) Perkins. He was the minister of my boyhood, and I knew him well. I can find no language to express my appreciation of his worth as a citizen, pastor, neighbor, and friend better than that used by Hon. Joseph W. Porter in a sketch of his life, which I trust he will pardon me for copying : " The pastorate of Rev. Mr. Perkins, covering, as it did, forty-six years of active service, with fifteen added years upon the retired list, was long and successful, resulting in great good to the church and society, increasing largely their material as well as spiritual strength, adding to the member-' ship of the church, principally during three powerful revivals, three hundred and twenty-two members. Consecrating his whole powers to the work of the gospel ministry, uniting in himself ripe scholarship, excellent judgment, with' firmness of purpose, and the strictest integrity, his was a character of the BRAINTREE. 115 most admirable proportions. A wise and faithful pastor, he was eminently a peace-maker, and when, at the full age of seventy years, in accordance with long-expressed plans, he resigned his office and re tired from its duties, he carried with him the affec tion and respect, not only of his own church and society, but that of the whole community where he lived." Being a contemporary of Dr. Storrs, he served with him upon the school committee to the satisfaction of the town. Upon his resignation, Oct. 15, 1860, the church was left without a pastor. But on Jan. 17, 1861, Rev. Lysander Dickerman was installed pastor over the society. He held that posi tion until July, 1867, when he resigned the pas torate. He was succeeded by Rev. A. A. Ells worth, who supplied the pulpit for about three and one-half years, when the Rev. Lucien H. Frary ac cepted a call from the church and society, and was installed pastor April 13, 1875, and still remains. He endeavors to follow in the footsteps of his venerable predecessor, who so long lived with this people, and I trust that the mantle of Jonas has fallen upon him. He is highly esteemed by all who know him. The South Congregational Church was the third es tablished in the town. It built a house of worship in South Braintree, and ordained for its first pastor the Rev. Lyman Matthews, Aug. 4, 1830. He continued in that position about fourteen years, and resigned Oct. 4, 1844, at which time he removed to Vermont. This is the longest pastorate in the society, and the pul pit has been occupied by many clergymen during the period of forty years which has passed since Rev. Mr. Matthews resigned. Some of them were installed, while others were hired from year to year. Among -those who have ministered unto them for any con siderable time I remember Rev. Francis V. Tenney, Rev. William B. Hammond, Rev. Dennis Powers, ¦ Rev. Lucius R. Eastman, Jr., Rev. L. Wheaton Allen, Rev. Albion H. Johnson, and Rev. Edwin Smith. Rev. E. 0. Dyer is supplying the pulpit at present. A few years since their meeting-house was burned, and another was erected on the same site. The First Baptist Society was organized about 1842, and built their meeting-house the same year. Their first pastor was, I think, the Rev. John Blain, al though he was never settled over the society, being what was called an Evangelist. Rev. George N. Waitt commenced his labors with them Sept. 10, 1843, and resigned his place in March, 1846. Previous to the coming of Mr. Waitt — that is, during the winter of 1842 and 1843— the sect called Millerites, who predicted the destruction of the earth in that year, obtained a foothold in the society, and held meetings there frequently, sometimes every day in the week. There was great excitement in the town. It succeeded in making many proselytes, some of them being the leading members of this young church. It was a blow from which they never fully recovered, although time ought to have convinced the followers of Miller of their error. The ministrations of the Rev. Mr. Waitt also tended to injure the welfare of the society. Rev. Aaron Haynes then took charge of the society, but failed to heal the difficulties with which they were surrounded. He only remained one year. Rev. George Daland then took charge, and re mained with them about nine years, the longest pastorate they enjoyed during their existence. During the ministry of Rev. Mr. Daland, an offshoot from this society, comprised of some disaffected members, held meetings in Monatiquot Hall, but a few rods from the old house, but they had but a brief existence. Rev. Ruel B. Moody, Bev. Thomas C. Russell, and Rev. George B. Williams officiated as pastors during the few following years. The society became so weak that it was unable to support the preaching of the Gospel, when they sold their house to the Methodists, and some of them joined that church. The Second Baptist Church in Braintree was or ganized about 1869. It was composed of members of the First Baptist Church, who withdrew to form a church in the north part of the town. They bought the old school-house which stood near the corner "of Washington and West Streets, and re modeled it as a chapel, removing it to Washington, and afterwards to Elm Street, nearly opposite the church of the First Congregational Society. Rev. George B. Williams, the former pastor of the First Baptist Church, went with them, and broke unto them the bread of life. But the society failed for want of support, and the chapel was sold, and after wards used as a factory for the manufacture of boots. It existed about seven years. About the year 1831 a number of the citizens of the town united together for the purpose of sustain ing preaching by Methodist clergymen, and held their meetings in the hall of Samuel V. Arnold. These meetings were held at intervals, and the only person who ministered unto them, as far as I can learn, was the Rev. Jefferson Hamilton, who removed afterwards to the South. It endeavored to obtain the town hall in which to hold their meetings, but the town refused to open its doors for their accommodation. Whether they ever enjoyed a legal existence is very much doubted, although spoken of in the records of the town as the Methodist Episcopal Society of Braintree. It 116 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. existed but a short time, and gradually died out. But a society of this denomination met Feb. 22, 1874, and formed themselves into a legal organization. At the time of its organization the pulpit was supplied by Rev. Louis E. Charpiot. He was succeeded by Rev. William Livesey, who died during his term of service, and Rev. Joseph Hammond finished the term. In 1876, Rev. Edward M. Taylor, from Pennsylvania, was appointed to the station, and remained three years. Rev. Marcus F. Colburn was the next pastor, but his health failing, he was relieved by Rev. William I. Ward. During the pastorate of the Rev. Mr. Col burn, a branch Sabbath-school was established in the east part of the town, and a preaching service held there each Sunday evening. In 1881, Rev. George E. Brightman was appointed its pastor, and still re mains, but his term of service will expire in April next, the full term of three years being then com pleted. At their organization they purchased the meeting-house formerly occupied by the First Baptist Society, which was completely destroyed by fire in the latter part of the year 1883. Since that time they have held their meetings in the town hall. They will undoubtedly rebuild the coming summer, about three thousand dollars having been subscribed for that purpose. About fifty years ago the doctrines of Universalism were preached to its hearers by different clergymen of that denomination, chiefly through the instru mentality of Samuel V. Arnold, the meetings being held in his hall. A society was formed soon after wards, but it never gained a foothold, and went out of existence on the death of Mr. Arnold. The Uni tarians also held meetings at the town hall for some years, but have been discontinued, although they had all the money they needed, but failed for want of hearers. Rev. Edward C. Towne, Rev. Fiske Bar rett, and others ministered unto them during the time of their existence. In 1877 the Catholics organized a society, which is a branch of the Quincy diocese. For some time they held their meetings in a hall, but a few years since built a church on Central Avenue, where they con tinue to hold their services. The attendance on the Sabbath is quite large. These are all the religious organizations of which we have any knowledge, al though the Spiritualists have held meetings in the east part of the town. Schools. — As soon as a church was established by the early settlers of New England they began to take measures to educate their children. Although the schools were partly supported by assessments upon each scholar, they were made payable in wood. This enabled the parent to pay those assessments easily as all of them owned land which was well covered with wood. If a new settler came into town they could purchase land for from three to six shillings per acre, The schools of the town were supported by labor as all other institutions were at that time. Gold and silver were rarities at that time, and the trade was almost wholly carried on by barter. The first men tion in the town records of schools is the following paper, which I copy in full : "MR. FFLINTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF THE SALE OF THE SCHOOLE HOUSE. " This day Mr. fliint made acknowledgement of the sale of the house and Iote which was lately John Paflins, and since his death sold unto the said Henry mint by William Penn, by vir tue of an execution, sued out by him in the presence of all the townsmen, the said Henry fflint doth acknowledge himself fully satisfied, By Doctor John Morly for the sd house, only the sd Mr. Doctor doth promise that if he should be called forth off the towne to sirrender backe again the sd house to Mr. fflint at the same rate of seaven pounds which he payd, being allowed at the discretion of indifferent men for such charges as he has binne att, in witness hereof the sd Henry fflint and Mr. Doctor have hereunto set their hands the day and year above written in the presence of "Samuel Bass. "Henry fflint. " Richard Brackett. " John Morly. " Moses Paine. " Thomas Blancheh. " Martin Sanders. " Matthew Barnes. "William Allis." On the upper corner of the record is the year 1648, the day or month being torn off. Henry Flint, teacher of the First Church in Braintree, was probably the schoolmaster, and was succeeded by Dr. John Morly, who afterwards taught school in Boston or Charles town. Previous to the execution of this paper, how ever, is an account of land recovered from Mr. Cod- dington, who had removed to Rhode Island. Tradition says that William Coddington gave the town of Brain tree certain lands, the income of which should be ex pended for the support of schools in said town. Upon the division of the town this fund was divided, each town being allowed their portion. Quincy has hon ored his name by naming streets, school-houses, etc., by the name of Coddington. The record is headed " The Schoole Lands, 1640." In the margin are these words, " The deed of the Land recovered of Mr. Coddinton." The record is incomplete, owing to the worn state of the paper, much of it being illegible, but enough is left to understand something of its mean ing. It was covenanted between the town of Brain tree and Richard Right that the said Richard Right shall put the town of Braintree in full possession of BRAINTREE. 117 land formerly called Mr. Coddington's Neck, to the said town to be held forever (then giving its bounds) in consideration of all the said lands the said town of Braintree hath given to the said Richard Right ninety- eight pounds, — shillings, and eight pence, being ground allowed by the courts to the town of Braintree out of the goods of — Coddington. Richard Right was the legally appointed attorney for William Cod dington in Massachusetts. That the town of Brain tree sued Coddington is undeniable, that the courts allowed the town this land is substantiated, and that the town paid for this land is equally true. Did Coddington then give this land for the benefit of the schools? I answer, decidedly, No ; and until some evidence is produced to substantiate that claim, I shall adhere to that opinion. In the year 1716 the first school was established in the present limits of Braintree. It was called a "reading- and writing-school." Oct. 1, 1716, the selectmen have agreed with Joseph Parmiter to keep the school at Monotoquod for six shillings per week and his diet. What his diet cost we know not, as Mr. Peter Hobart received about six pounds for diet and a pair of shoes, together with a part of his school wages. He was engaged the next year at eleven shillings per week. To endeavor to trace the formation of all the schools would require much space. There are now in the town a high school kept in the town house in apart ments especially built for it, two school-houses where four schools are kept, one house with three schools, one with two schools, and five with one school. Besides this, in 1877 a beautiful building was built on Washington Street, near the town hall, from the bequest of Gen. Sylvanus Thayer, who en dowed the institution with about two hundred and eighty thousand dollars, to which was added by the town the sum of twenty thousand dollars. This school, free to all the citizens of the old town of Braintree, prepares its pupils for admission to college, and is under the supervision of Rev. Jotham B. Sewall, formerly professor in Bowdoin College, as sisted by an able corps of teachers. Besides the do nations to the town which I have named, Nathaniel Thayer left to the town the larger part of his estate, and is now a part of the school fund of the town, which yields an annual income of from three hundred to four hundred dollars, and which is used for the sup port of schools. May 4, 1842. John Ruggles Hollis, a native of this town, died, and left a will bequeathing to the South Congregational Society a sum of money, the income of which was to support a high grade of school for the education of the children of those who were members of said society. The society built a build ing near the church, and established a school called the Hollis Institute, which was in successful operation until 1858, when the high school was opened, and it ceased to exist. It could hardly be called a free school, as a small tuition was charged each scholar per quarter, as the income of the fund was not large enough to pay for its support. Rev. William M. Thayer and Benjamin Kendall were among the prin cipal teachers. Upon its discontinuance the fund was taken for the purpose of building a new meeting-house, and the institute building was changed into a dwell ing-house. Manufactures. — The first establishment for man ufacturing purposes in the town was on Monatiquot River, in the easterly part of the town. About the year 1643 a company called the " Company Under takers of the Iron-Works" was formed for the pur pose of establishing iron-works in Massachusetts. The citizens of the town of Boston, then, as now, ever ready to extend aid to foster the manufacturing interests of the nation, granted Jan. 19, 1643, unto John Winthrop, Jr., and associates, three thou sand acres of land for the encouragement of an iron work to be set up about Monatiquot River, the said land to be laid out next adjoining and most con venient for their said iron-works. The title to this land was not completed until Nov. 23, 1647, when a deed was given of two thousand eight hundred and sixty acres of land, bounded as follows, viz. : South and west by Boston Common, on the north by divers lots belonging to Boston, on the east by Weymouth lands and Weymouth Pond. Also one hundred and forty acres bounded on the south by Mr. Henry Webb's farm, Monatiquot River on the west, and on the north and east with certain lots of Boston. Pat- tee, in his history of old Braintree and Quincy, locates this land on the borders of the towns of Quincy and Milton, the land lying in both towns. That this is incorrect is evident to every careful exam iner of our records. Although it is difficult after the lapse of so many years to give it a precise location, yet the records of Suffolk County give light enough to designate nearly its location. The plot of two thou sand eight hundred and sixty acres was situated in the easterly part of the present town of Braintree. The line of the town of Weymouth was its easterly bound, and it extended southward as far as what is now Hol brook line. Where the easterly line was, is evident from this fact, that when the way was laid out from Braintree to Cochato, or Holbrook, it butted on the land given by the town of Boston for the encouragement of the 118 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. iron-works. It is therefore, clearly to be seen that the tract of land was situated in that part of old Braintree commencing at Holbrook line and running northerly nearly along the line of what is now Wash ington Street at Cranberry Brook to Union Street, thence running easterly to Weymouth line, the north line being at not a great distance from Union and Commercial Streets. This land was afterwards sold to John Holbrook and Samuel White, of Wey mouth, and a portion of this land is now in the pos session of the descendants of Samuel White. Many of the old deeds and later conveyances refer to the fact of its having been part of the land given for the encouragement of the iron-works. But it may be said that the one hundred and forty acres was located near Milton, and upon that the iron-works were located. Let us briefly consider this point. How was it bounded ? On the north and east by certain lots of Boston, says the grant. On the north was the South Commons, and on the east what was called Little Com mons. Its western boundary was Monatiquot River. Its southern boundary was Mr. Henry Webb's farm. A portion of Webb's farm was sold to Samuel Allen in 1648, and remained in the family until within a few years, and is situated near the station on the South Shore Railroad, at East Braintree. These boundaries place the location of the one hundred and forty acres of land as being near the junction of Commercial and Adams Streets. This land came into the possession of the creditors of the company, and was afterwards sold by them. A portion of it was bought by Elder Nathaniel Wales, who built a house upon it in 1692, and is occupied by his descendants at the present time. In the appraisement of the com pany's property when it failed are lots of land named after different individuals, probably after those who had previously owned it. We find among the names those of Thayer, French, Penn, Ruggles, and New- comb, who all owned land in the vicinity of what we claim as being the true location. The Suffolk records contain many allusions to these lands, but they are too voluminous to copy for this work. The company was not successful in business, and failed in 1653. Why it was so we know not at this late day, but pre sume that the persons who conducted its affairs were inefficient and unacquainted with the business, as one of the employes of the company, James Leonard, soon after its failure went to Taunton and formed a company to carry on the same business there, which was successfully continued for many years. The difficulty appears to be that Leader, Gifford, and others whom the company selected as agents or over seers, had no personal interest in the business except their yearly salary, and that the proprietors knew but little or nothing of the business. The location of the, dam was about forty rods above the bridge on Shaw Street, in East Braintree. Although unsuccessful, it produced some good results to the town, as it brought, into the town new settlers, who built dwelling-houses: and reclaimed wild lands. Soon after 1680, John, Hubbard, of Boston, rebuilt the dam, and erected a- saw-mill, iron-works, and forge on or near the same, spot. These works were occupied some years, but there was a continual contention between the owner, Thomas Vinton, who bought them of the Hubbard family, and the town concerning the passage of the fish up the Monaticut River. Alewives and other fish ran. in large quantities up the river to the ponds to lay, their spawn if they were not hindered by obstructions in the river. The people were jealous of their rights, and claimed that they were deprived of a portion of their living by these obstructions, as it was their cus tom to preserve in the proper season all the alewives they could consume in their families during the suc ceeding year. To deprive them of their fish was to deprive them of their living, and they would not submit to this loss. So great was the disaffection that a number of men went one night and destroyed the dam. Thereupon law-suits arose, until finally the town purchased the dam and privilege, and this settled the difficulties. For many years nothing was done with this privilege until Caleb Hunt and others ob tained the right from the town to build a mill. They built a new dam about forty rods below the ancient one, where a saw-mill was established, and afterwards a grist-mill, which for many years was owned by Abraham Hobart, and is now occupied by the firm of Ambler & Hobart, extensive grain dealers. About the year 1790, Col. William Allen erected. a grist-mill on the river on the south side of Commer cial Street, near the stone bridge. It was occupied by himself and partners for some years, and after wards purchased by Jonas Welch, who commenced the manufacture . of chocolate. The chocolate made proved to be the best in the market, and brought the highest price. Welch's chocolate became celebrated throughout the country. Upon the death of Mr. Welch the business passed into the hands of Alexan der Bowditch, who continued the business for some years. About 1853 another building was erected for the manufacture of carpeting upon the same privilege, but did not prove a success. It was also used for a short time as a manufactory for boot- and shoe-lasts. About twenty years ago it was burned to the ground together with the old grist- and chocolate-mill. Al- BRAINTREE. 119 though several companies have endeavored to purchase the privilege, they were unable so to do, and the site is still bare and desolate, with hardly a vestige remaining to mark the spot. Not far from 1680 a young man by the name of John Bowditch, supposed to come from Salem, came to the town, and, marrying the daughter of John French, settled here, built a dam, and set up a fulling-mill near Commercial Street, on one of the best sites for a mill privilege on Monatiquot River. This privilege re mained in the hands of the Bowditch family until about 1796, when it was sold to other parties. During the time it was in their hands a grist-mill was built, but when is unknown. When the mill was sold by the heirs of John Bowditch, a grist-mill is mentioned, but no fulling-mill. The business of fulling cloth, as separate from the weaving thereof, had departed. It is remem bered by the oldest citizens that one Abigail Bowditch, a maiden lady, took sole charge of the grinding of corn, and would with ease take a two-bushel bag of meal upon her shoulder, carry it up the stairs to the street, and place it in the wagon, without assistance. For about twenty years it was occupied by Jonathan Thayer, Amasa Penniman, Walter Rogers, Benjamin Smith, and other parties in the manufacture of various kinds of goods. To attempt to describe the varieties of business carried on there would fill many pages of manuscript, and then would be incomplete from lack of evidence, the information being mostly derived from tradition. About 1823 a company was formed, purchased the privilege, and commenced enlarging and improving the property. John Edson acted as their agent. Cotton-gins were manufactured quite exten sively, and a mill was built for the making of cotton cloths, which stood until last year, when it being old and dilapidated, was torn down. This company sold it to the Boston Flax Company, who did a large and successful business in the manufacture of twine, linen goods, etc., employing about six hundred men, women, and children. It gave an impetus to the growth of that village hitherto unsurpassed in the history of Braintree. During the thirty years of its existence houses were built for the use of the employes, stores were opened, and business was brisk, not only in the immediate locality, but throughout the town. About 1880 they removed their machinery to Lud low, Mass., and sold the establishment to the Jenkins Manufacturing Company. Since that time it has been occupied by its owners in. the manufacture of shoe- lacings, by the Columbia Rubber Company in that of rubber cloth, and F. B. Allen in that of fans. The village has not yet recovered from the effects of the removal of the Boston Flax Company. Not far from 1760 Hobart Clark came to town, and built a fulling-mill upon or near Adams Street.' This privilege was used only a few years, and I can find no evidence that it was occupied by any other person except Adam Hobart, Jr., who had a lathe there a short time, but what he did I find no account of. This dam finally became rotten, and is now only known as having caused a vexatious law-suit, which. will be mentioned in another place. Another dam was erected on Adams Street about the year 1835 by the Hon. Benjamin V. French, a native of the town, who had acquired a fortune while a merchant in Boston. He was a man of active' business habits, and did much for the improvement of' his native town. He purchased a large farm and' carried on the business extensively. He cleared un cultivated pastures and meadow lands, built heavy stone walls, planted all kinds of fruit and ornamental trees, and so improved the condition of his farm that it was the attraction of the town for many years, visitors coming from all parts of the country to view and enjoy its beauties. He was well known as one' of the leading agriculturists and horticulturists in. the State. If I were to name any one man as the greatest benefactor of the town, it would be the Hon. Benjamin V. French. The dam he built on Mo natiquot River was not used for some years after its erection. The owners of the Bowditch privilege bought the Hobart Clark privilege, and built a temporary dam that flowed the water back so far that the French privilege was useless. In order to obtain his rights, Mr. French was obliged to institute a suit at law, which, after being carried to the high est courts in the State, was finally decided in his favor. He immediately proceeded to erect a grist mill, which went into successful operation. He carried on the grain business for about twenty years, when the torch of the incendiary applied to the building destroyed in one hour all the labor of years. This loss, together with his large expenditures on his farm, crippled his resources, and compelled him to surrender his valuable property into the hands of. his creditors. The privilege passed into the hands of Benjamin Lyman Morrison, who now improves it as a woolen yarn manufactory, and who has done a re munerative business. At what time the old Thayer mill, as it was for merly called, was built we know not, neither by whom the enterprise was started. On the laying out of Middle Street as a public way in 1690 it was men tioned as passing over the dam. This dam was the boundary line of Middle Street on its west side. ^ It was first used for a saw-mill, afterwards for a grist- 120 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. mill. About the year 1816, Robert Sugden, a native of England, leasing the premises, commenced the manufacture of woolen goods, and carried it on a number of years. It was still owned by the Thayer family. About the year 1831, Alva Morrison, a na tive of New Hampshire, leased the privilege, and began the manufacture of woolen goods, especially woolen yarns. His business proved successful, and he after wards purchased the property. He continued to im prove this property from time to time, until a short time previous to his death, by the erection of new buildings and other improvements, until he was the owner of one of the best factories on the river. His prosperity was mainly due to his skill, and also espe cially to his faithfulness in putting upon the market the best goods that were manufactured. In the country around, the old stocking-knitters would say that if their customers wanted the best stockings they must have Morrison's yarn to knit. No better praise need be given to his memory. Hon. Alva Morrison remained in the town of his adoption for the remain der of his long life, a period of more than fifty years' residence, always taking an active interest in town and State affairs, honored by his townsmen in many of the most important positions it could confer upon him. He will be well remembered, especially by his poorer and more afflicted neighbors, who were the recipients of his freely-given bounties for their relief and com fort. The business is now conducted by his three sons, Alva S., R. Elmer, and Ibrahim, under the firm- name of Morrison Brothers. In the year 1822, Oliver Ames and Elijah Howard purchased of Asa French, Esq., an unoccupied privi lege at the foot of Pearl Street for the purpose of working in iron, and during the three following years built shops, dwellings, and other buildings necessary for the carrying on of the shovel and nail and tack business. The shovel business has been a part of the extensive works of the Ameses, who have a national reputation. The nail and tack business was carried on by Elijah Howard, of North Easton, and his son, Jason G. Howard, and their copartner, Apollos Ran dall, a native of Easton, who made this town his res idence, after entering into business, as long as he lived. The tack and nail business is not carried on at present. Jason G. Howard, the only surviving partner, has retired from business, and resides in Easton. In the year 1868, James T. Stevens and George D. Willis built a small factory on the corner of Tremont and Taylor Streets, and commenced the manufacture of nails and tacks. Steam-power was used. For various reasons they removed their fac tory to Weymouth about 1871. In 1872 they bought a piece of land adjoining the shovel-works and erected buildings thereon, using the waste water of the pond of the shovel-factory and also steam-power, Mr. Stevens having a thorough knowledge of his trade, being a practical mechanic, and Mr. Willis proving an excellent salesman, have built up a good business with a reputation for good work. Just off Hancock Street are two privileges now oc cupied by the Hollingsworth & Whitney Manufactur ing Company, which it will be necessary to take up sep arately. One is called the upper mill, the other the lower mill. The first we know of the lower mill it was used for sawing lumber until about 1810, when it was enlarged, and a grist-mill added. It was owned by Abraham Thayer, a native of the town. The upper mill is of an older date. At what time this privilege was first occupied is not known, but as long ago as 1764 it was sold by Daniel Hayden to Azariah Faxon, and described as a saw- and grist-mill. Mr. Faxon owned it about thirty years, when he sold it to Jonathan Thayer. It was used for the manu facture of various articles of merchandise by different individuals until about 1820, when it was purchased by the Blake & Revere Copper Foundry Company, who manufactured bells and did other copper work for several years. About the year 1832, John M. and Lyman Hollingsworth, two brothers who came from Milton, purchased both the upper and lower privileges, and commenced the manufacture of paper. It was at this mill that they discovered how to make manilla paper from the old rope, which could be bought at a small price, and transformed into paper which was very strong and almost impervious to water. This discovery was made in 1842. When they removed from the town their brother, Ellis A., took charge of the business, under the firm-name of Hollingsworth & Whitney, and so well have they succeeded that they make at this establishment alone about five tons of paper per day, and which finds a ready sale. About 1882, upon the death of both the partners, a stock company was formed, although the stock is nearly, if not all, owned by their heirs. The Hollingsworth brothers all made a good fortune in their business. This company has built on the old site the most convenient mill in the State. Just in the rear of the Braintree Cemetery, situated on Pond Street, is an old dam. In the only reference to it I have found in the records it is called Samuel Niles' dam, and probably was used as a site for a saw mill. This was in 1731, and the mill was then prob ably not in existence, as it is spoken of as formerly known by that name. It must be of very ancient BRAINTREE. 121 date, most likely before 1675. No tradition exists, as far as I can learn, of what the dam was used for. There is a privilege situated near the corner of Pond and Granite Streets which was in 1730 in pos session of Col. William Hunt, who occupied it for a forge. The ore was taken from the bottom of Great Pond by dredging, so tradition says. Iron ore has been found in considerable quantities, and at one time was exported from the town. The cinders made at this forge can be seen at this time. It was afterwards purchased by David Holbrook, and remained in the family for four generations, used for a saw- and grist mill. Since the death of Moses Holbrook it was pur chased by George White, and afterwards used as a saw-mill by him until his death, which was caused by an accident while at work in the mill. After his death it was compelled to yield to the torch of the incendiary. Another saw- and grist-mill was situated near Wash ington Street, on Cranberry Brook, and is known as Ludden's mill. But little is known of its history, but the ruins of the dam are plainly to be seen. Still another saw-mill was situated on the same brook, far ther up the stream, and near Liberty Street. It was the property of William Wild, a native of the town, who removed to that vicinity about 1750. Nothing but the dam remains. These privileges were all situated on the Monati quot River or its tributaries. Said river takes its rise near the great Blue Hill, in Canton, and is called Blue Hill River until it reaches Great Pond, in Brain tree, when it takes the name of Moore's Farm River. Near the place where it. receives the waters of Little Pond it joins the Cochato River, which rises near the borders of Holbrook and Stoughton, and near the junction it receives the waters of Cranberry Pond, and flows into Boston Harbor. In the year 1818 the owners of the privileges on Monatiquot River obtained of the General Court authority to use the waters of Houghton's Pond, in Milton, and Great, Little, and Cranberry Ponds, in Braintree, that they might have those waters to use during the droughts of summer. They have enlarged and deepened the natural outlets of Great and Little Pond for that purpose. Monati quot River, after it arrives at the line between Brain tree and Weymouth, is sometimes called Weymouth Fore River, but the name on the ancient records is that of Monoticut. Near the Weymouth line there was formerly much ship-building carried on by Sam uel Arnold, Nathaniel R. Thomas, and others. But the business has not been carried on for some years. The river is navigable as far as Shaw Street bridge, and on its borders in ancient times were situated many wharves, from whence the products of the coun try were conveyed to the markets, and receiving goods in return. Prominent among these places may be mentioned a wharf called William Peon's upper landing place as early as 1645, and probably earlier. It was situated near the foot of Mill Lane. The only wharf now used in that vicinity is occupied by Joel F. Sheppard, a native of New Jersey, for the trans action of a coal and wood business. Besides the water received from the ponds, the river is fed by a large number of springs, with which the town abounds. The most noted of these springs is situated at the foot of a gravel plain, from whence flows a steady stream of pure water which never freezes, but con tinues to flow with a never-failing supply, although the earth is parched by the heat of summer ; nor does it increase during the heavy rains of spring and au tumn. The people come for miles around, and carry away barrels every day through the summer for fam ily use. It has been analyzed by competent chemists, and found to contain medical qualities. The water of Monatiquot River is also used by the tannery of Col. Albion C. Drinkwater, which is situated on the corner of Adams and Elm Streets. He pronounces it the best water in the State of Massachusetts for tanning purposes. About the year 1800 the manu facture of shoes was commenced in the town by Sam uel Hayden, who disposed of his goods in Boston. This, with the addition of boots, soon became an ex tensive business, and from that time to the present they have been manufactured in this town, not as large now as at a former period. The number of the manufacturers are so many that I cannot devote the space for their names. Suffice it to say that almost every dwelling had a shop built near it, where the workmen took their work from the manufacturers and made the boots for market. These have gradually gone to decay or have been removed for other pur poses, so that now one can scarcely be found, the workmen laboring in factories. The Braintree thick boot bore the highest price in the market, and sustained its good name for many years. On the borders of Little Pond, Warren Mansfield commenced a wheelwright business, which gradually enlarged until he was compelled to erect a stone factory with steam-power to fill his numerous orders. He became a large manufacturer of cars, wagons for the military service of the government during the Rebellion, and also large wagons, which he shipped to Cuba and South America. During the last few years a factory has been built for the manufacture of Cardigan jackets, and is run by steam-power. The business is carried on by 122 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. Joseph Winter and wife, natives of England. They are doing a good business, making the best goods in the market. Joseph I. Bates has also lately started a new business for this town, manufacturing what he calls " Bates' Consumption Pills," for which he finds a ready sale. Old Colony Bulletin. — On June 5, 1875, appeared the first number of the Old Colony Bulletin, which was published in South Braintree by Mr. C. Franklin David. It was issued fortnightly, and remained in existence some six months, when its publisher re moved to Abington. Its first editor was Mr. A. E. Sproul, who is now on the reportorial staff of the Boston Herald, and well adorns the profession, prov ing himself an able and ready writer. CHAPTER XIV.1 BRAINTREE— (Continued). MILITARY HISTORY. During the year 1807, when it was feared that the country would become involved in a foreign war, it was voted by the town that the men who turned out for the service of the country should fare as well as the Third Regiment should fare. At a meeting of the town, held May 12, 1808, it was voted to give the men who enlisted in the United States service three dollars each. Under this vote the town paid three dollars each to twenty-two men, as appears by the order-book. The persons paid were Thomas Hollis, Jr., William Thayer (3d), John Hollis (2d), Moses French, Joshua Sampson, Jr., George New- comb, Ebenezer Hayward, Alexander Holbrook, Asaph Faxon, Jr., Samuel Holbrook, James Hol brook, Isaac Allen, James French, Abia Holbrook, Levi Thayer, Jr., Jonathan Thayer, Jr., Samuel Robinson, Jonathan Hill, Thomas Wild, Warren Loud, John Cushing, and Charles Bass. In the war of 1812 the town of Braintree, like most of the towns in the State, was opposed to the war with Great Britain, and the state of feeling can be seen by the vote for Governor at the election held Nov. 12, 1812, a high state of political feeling exist- 1 The history of the Revolutionary war is being written for this volume by the Hon. Charles F. Adams, Jr., of Quincy. I shall therefore leave it to his able pen. ing at the time. For the Federal candidate there, were thrown eighty-six votes, for the Republican only fifty. At a town-meeting called May 28, 1812 it was voted to make each mart's pay, with the United, States pay, fourteen dollars per month, as long as they are out in the service. It was also voted that if the drafted men are called out for military duty more than by order of the government, the town agree to pay them one dollar for each day. Sept. 16, 1814, a town-meeting was held to see if the town, will take into consideration the alarming situation which threatens our shores by invasion by the hostile foe, with respect to the defense. Voted to add four persons to the selectmen, which shall be denominated, a Committee of Safety. The selectmen at that time consisted of Caleb French, Dr. Jonathan Wild, and. Major Amos Stetson. The persons added were, Messrs. Jonas Welch, Capt. Thomas Hollis, Lieut. William Reed, and Minott Thayer. Voted that the town raise the sum of three hundred dollars to pay the troops, and that we pay the same that Randolph, Milton, and Quincy pay. The only persons I have, heard of in the United States service were John,, Isaac, and Ebenezer Holbrook and James French, The latter died in the service at Plattsburg, N. Y., in 1814. Upon the breaking out of the Rebellion, in 1861, one of the first towns to respond to the call for troops was Braintree. It already had a company of in fantry, who had joined themselves together for the purpose of perfecting themselves in military drill, and to enjoy the pleasures of the training-field. They, little dreamed that they would be called at a few hours' notice to leave their comfortable homes and loved and loving friends to mingle in the dangers of war. But so it proved. On the 15th day of April of that year they received orders late in the afternoon to report in Boston on the following day, to go — they knew not whither. But they did not shrink from the performance of their duty. Many of them had families dependent upon their daily labor for the necessaries of life, and knew not how they could sus tain those families in comfort while they were absent in their country's service. But they marched with full ranks, in full trust that God would provide means and would open the hearts of their townsmen, so that these loved ones would be cared for in their absence. On the morning of April 16th the Braintree Light Infantry, Company C, Fourth Regiment Massachu setts Volunteer Militia, were formed at their armory prepared for duty. They marched for Boston to join their regiment, and in a few days sailed for Fortress Monroe, where they remained the term of their en- BRAINTREE. 123 listment, and returned to their homes July 22d, the same year. Immediately after their departure the selectmen of the town issued their warrant for a town- meeting to be held on April 26th, to provide for the families of the soldiers. The warrant was dated April 19th, only three days after their departure, and was signed by David H. Bates, N. H. Hunt, and Phillips Curtis. At that meeting it was voted that a sum not exceeding $1500 be appropriated for the support of the families of those who have left the town and their homes in obedience to the call of the President of the United States. David H. Bates, N. H. Hunt, Phillips Curtis, J. H. D. Blake, Jason G. Howard, Caleb Hollis, and Eiisha Thayer were appointed a committee to expend and distribute the above appro priation. Under this vote the committee expended $1437.44. Another call was made for troops, and the State passed a law authorizing towns to aid the families of soldiers, and on August 19th of the same year the town voted to borrow $1000, to be expended according to law. The sum expended under this vote was refunded by the State. July 14, 1862, the town voted to offer a bounty of one hundred dollars to each indi vidual volunteer resident of Braintree who shall, un der the direction of the selectmen, within thirty days from date, volunteer for the war. The selectmen, under this vote, expended the sum of $8637.30. This sum also includes the money paid agreeable to a vote passed Aug. 18, 1862, whereby the selectmen were authorized to pay each volunteer resident who shall enlist previous to the first day of September under the late call of the President for nine months $125, to the number of the quota assigned to the town, and $7500 was appropriated for that object. During the year 1864 the town paid the sum of $8360.77 for bounties and expenses of recruiting the quota of the town. June 1, 1864, it was voted to authorize the' selectmen to pay from the treasury the sum of $125 for each person volunteering in the quota of Braintree previous to the first day of March, 1865, under any call from the President of the United States. During the year 1865 the town paid for bounties and expenses the sum of $9495, making a total of $27,930.51 which had been paid by the town in its corporate capacity for the prosecution of the war. This is in addition to the sum refunded by the State, and also to many private contributions for the same purpose. The following is a register of the officers and pri vates, as far as has been ascertained, who served in the army. There may be errors, but if so, they are diffi cult to correct from lack of records : COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. Three Years' Regiments. Warren M. Babbitt, asst. surg. 55th Mass. Inf. and surg. 103d U. S. colored troops, from Aug. 11, 1863, to April 30, 1866. Cephas C. Bumpus, capt. 32d Inf. and 3d Heavy Art. George A. Thayer, capt. 2d Inf. Norman F. Steele, capt. 32d Inf. Edgar L. Bumpus, brevet capt. 33d Inf. Everett C. Bumpus, 1st lieut. 3d Heavy Art. Edward H. Melius, 1st lieut. 3d Heavy Art. Richard M. Sanborn, 1st lieut. 3d Cav. (complimentary). Theodore C. Howe, 1st lieut. 3d Cav. (complimentary). James B. Leonard, 2d lieut. 32d Inf. Ebenezer C. Thayer, Jr., 2d lieut. 2d Louisiana Inf. Marcus M. Pool, 2d lieut. 1st Heavy Art. Volunteer Militia. Cephas C. Bumpus, capt. Co. C, 4th Inf., for 3 months. James T. Stevens, capt. Co. I, 42d Inf., for 100 days; 1st lieut. Co. U, 4th Inf., for 3 months. Isaac P. Fuller, 2d lieut. Co. C, 4th Inf., for 3 months. John C. Sanborn, 2d lieut. Co. B, 43d Inf., for 9 months. Charles A. Arnold, 2d lieut. Co. Ij>42d Inf, for 100 days. ENLISTED MEN, Fourth Regiment, Company C, Mass. Vol. Militia (Braintree Light Infantry). Mustered into service April 22, 1861 ; discharged July 22, 1861. William M. Richards, sergt. Joseph L. Frasier, sergt. Andrew G. King, sergt. Edgar L. Bumpus, sergt. Samuel M. Hollis, corp. Reuben F. Hollis, corp. John T. Ayers, corp. John C. Sanborn, corp. Charles A. Arnold. Marcus P. Arnold. James T. Bestick. John E. Boyle. Everett C. Bumpus. John R. Carmichael. John Coughlan. Chandler Cox. Nelson Cox. Marcus F. Cram. Thomas J. Crowell. William Cunningham. William A. Daggett. Solon David. Henry W. Dean. James Donahoe. Peter Donahoe. Lawrence A. Dyer. Alpheus Field. There were ten others from other towns who ac companied them, making the whole number of rank and file sixty-six men. Besides these, Charles H. Crickmay went with Company H, Fourth Regiment, and Jeremiah Dal ton, Jr., with Company G, Fifth Regiment, both of Braintree. John Finegan. Roland E. Foster. William B. Foster. Nathan T. Freeman. Henry W. Gammons. Charles Gifford. Joseph E. Holbrook. George F. Howard. Thomas Huston. L. Frank Jones. James B. Leonard. William Leggett. Thomas J. Morton. Edward H. Melius. Francis McConity. William H. McGann. Albert S. Mason. Marcus A. Perkins. Henry H. Shedd. Norman F. Steele. Thomas B. Stoddard. Elihu M. Thayer. Joseph P. Thayer. Loring W. Thayer. Andrew Toomey. Henry W. Wright. 124 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. The following were mustered in Oct. 11, 1862, and discharged July 30, 1863, and served in Com pany B, Forty-third (nine months') Regiment Massa chusetts Volunteers : Edward H. Melius, sergt. Charles W. Bean, corp. Charles A. Arnold, corp. Thomas B.Stoddard, corp. Jonathan R. Clark, corp. Hiram E. Abbott. John R. Carmichael. Silas B. Crane. Robert M. Cummings. William B. Denton. Edward A. Fisher. Hosea B. Hayden. Hosea B. Hayden (2d). William G. Hill. Albert 0. Hollis. George A. Howe. Charles B. Leonard. George A. Mower. William W. Mower. Shubael M. Norton. John F. Pool. Jacob C. Snow. Cranmore N. Wallace. Francis A. Wallace. Morrill Williams. Forty-fourth Regiment,1 Company H. Everet C. Bumpus, Sept. 12, 1862, to June 18, 1863. Company I. Joseph H. J. Thayer, Sept. 12, 1862, to June 18, 1863. Forty-fifth Regiment? Company A. John W. Fowle, Oct. 13, 1862, to July 7, 1863. Forty-seventh Regiment?- Company K. James Willis, Oct. 31, 1862, to Sept. 1, 1863. John Wilson, Oct. 31, 1862, to Sept. 1, 1863. Forty-eighth Regiment,1 Company I. John Freel, Oct. 18, 1862, to Sept. 3, 1863. Company K. James Dooley, Nov. 1, 1862, to Sept. 3, 1863. The following were mustered in July 14 to Nov. 11, 1864, and served in Company I, Forty-second Regiment Massachusetts Volunteers, being enlisted as one hundred days' men : Cranmore N. Wallaoe, sergt. John R. Carmichael, sergt. Isaac P. Fuller, sergt. Robert Gillespie, sergt. William L. Pratt, corp. Francis A. Wallace, corp. Marcus A. Perkins, corp. George W. Abbott. J. Fred. Allen. Fred. C. Armstrong. B. Herbert Bartlett. Henry W. Dean. Otis B. Dean. Edwin F. French. William L. Gage. Caleb H. Hayden. Charles T. Hayden. Lorenzo Hayden. Waldo Holbrook. Walter Holbrook. Davis W. Howard. Moses Hunt. Moses N. Hunt. Newell A. Langley. John McDermott. Ruel B. Moody. George W. Nickerson. Henry Pratt. Samuel Rennie. Charles R. Smith. Thomas 0. Sullivan. Francis P. Thayer. Lucian M. Thayer. Fred. H. Wales. George D. Willis. James M. Willis. Edward Fisher was corporal in Company A, Forty-second Regiment, from July 14 to Nov. 11, 1864. Nelson Beals belonged to Twentieth Unattached Company from Aug. 11 to Nov. 18, 1864. 1 Nine months' regiment. Persons who enlisted for three years in the service of the United States : Second Battery Light Artillery. William E. Foye, Sept. 3, 1864, to June 11, 1865. Seventh Battery Light Artillery. John Brennon, Jan. 1, 1864, to Nov. 10, 1865. Twelfth Battery Light Artillery. Silas B. Crane, March 26, 1864, to June 22, 1864. First Heavy Artillery, Company C. Paul Nadell, July 5, 1861 ; transferred to navy, April 13, 1864, Marcus M. Pool, July 5, 1861, to May 15, 1865. James E. Hobart, July 5, 1861, to August 16, 1865. First Heavy Artillery, Company E. James T. Bestick, sergt., Aug. 6, 1862, to March 26, 1865. Calvin Briggs, Aug. 6, 1862 ; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps. Edward S. Dean, Aug. 6, 1862, to July 8, 1864. Henry W. Gammons, Aug. 6, 1862, to July 8, 1864. Company I. John F. Salmon, July 5, 1861, to July 8, 1864. Company M. Linus C. Bird, March 3, 1862; trans, to Yet. Res. Corps. Denis Foley, March 6, 1862, to Aug. 16, 1865. Eiisha P. Goodnow, March 3, 1862, to May 19, 1864. William Higgins, March 17, 1862, to Feb. 15, 1865. Michael McDonald, March 6, 1862, to March 6, 1865. Second Heavy Artillery, Company C. John E. Boyle, Sept. 5, 1864, to June 26, 1865. Nehemiah T. Dyer, Sept. 5, 1864, to June 26, 1865. George P. Hollis, Sept. 5, 1864, to June 26, 1865. Albert T. Pool, Sept. 5, 1864, to June 30, 1865. Andrew C. Toomey, Sept. 5, 1864, to June 30, 1865. Company F. Fred. W. Ingraham, sergt., Sept. 5, 1864, to June 26, 1865. George Atwell, Sept. 5, 1864, to Jan. 17, 1865. Hiram S. Thayer, Sept. 5, 1864, to June 26, 1865. Company G. John Navan, Aug. 29, 1864, to June 30, 1865. Company H. Samuel Meeker, Aug. 9, 1S64, to Sept. 3, 1865. Company L. Edward Freel, sergt., Dec. 22, 1863, to Sept. 3, 1865. Orrin H. Belcher, corp., Dec. 22, 1863, to Sept. 3, 1865. Horatio W. Cole, Corp., Dee. 22, 1863, to Sept. 3, 1865. Henry B. Dyer, Dec. 22, 1863, to June 22, 1865. Jacob A. Dyer, Dec. 22, 1863, to Sept. 3, 1865. Henry Joy, Dec. 22, 1863, to May 26, 1865. Third Heavy Artillery, Company D. Lewis Hobart, March 30, 1864. Company E. John Cronin, Corp., Aug. 27, 1863, to Sept. 18, 1865. Patrick Regan, Aug. 27, 1863. Company F. Edward H. Melius, sergt., Sept. 16, 1863, to Sept. 18, 1865. Shubael M. Norton, Sept. 16, 1863, to Sept. 18, 1865. Caleb S. Benson, Aug. 24, 1864, to June 17, 1865. William B. Denton, Sept. 24, 1864, to June 17, 1865. BRAINTREE. 125 Lawrence A. Dyer, Sept. 16, 1863, to Sept. 18, 1865. Pearl S. Grindall, Sept. 16, 1863, to Nov. 1, 1864. Elias Holbrook, Aug. 24, 1864, to June 20, 1865. Charles H. Howe, Aug. 23, 1864, to June 20, 1865. Hosea Jackson, Aug. 23, 1864, to June 17, 1865. Hervey N. Jillson, Aug. 24, 1864, to June 17, 1865. John G. Minohin, Aug. 23, 1864, to June 17, 1865. Martin V. B. Minohin, Aug. 23, 1864, to June 17, 1865. Henry 0. Pratt, Sept. 16, 1863, to Sept. 18, 1865. Andrew J. Rubert, Aug. 24, 1864, to June 17, 1865. Samuel W. Savill, Aug. 24, 1864, to June 17, 1865. Company G. Eli W. Chase, Oct. 20, 1863, to Sept. 18, 1865. Robert M. Cummings, Oct. 20, 1863, to Sept. 18, 1865. Third Heavy Artillery, Company K. Kobert Rennie, corp., May 12, 1864, to Sept. 18, 1865. Company L. Charles F. Arnold, corp., Aug. 29, 1864, to June 17, 1865. Amos W. Hobart, artificer, Aug. 29, 1864, to June 17, 1865. Cyrus G. Bowker, Aug. 29, 1864, to June 17, 1865. Alfred H. Butler, Aug. 29, 1864, to June 17, 1865. Elbridge Joy, Aug. 29, 1864, to June 17, 1865. Joseph P. Thayer, Aug. 29, 1864, to June 17, 1865. Fourth Heavy Artillery, Company C. Orace W. Allen, sergt., Aug. 9, 1864, to June 17, 1865. Nahum Sampson, sergt., Aug. 15, 1864, to May 5, 1865. William C. Stoddard, Corp., Aug. 9, 1864, to June 17, 1865. Cyrus Cummings, wagoner, Aug. 13, 1864, to June 17, 1865. John G. N. Henderson, Aug. 10, 1864, to June 17, 1865. Lathrop C. Keith, Aug. 9, 1864, to June 17, 1865. William C. Knight, Aug. 11, 1864, to June 17, 1865. John Laing, Aug. 12, 1864, to June 17, 1865. Angus McGilvray, Aug. 10, 1864, to June 17, 1865. Miohael Nugent, Aug. 10, 1864, to June 17, 1865. Company F. John Flynn, Aug. 15, 1864, to June 17, 1865. Company G. Robert T. Bestiok, Aug. 26, 1864, to June 17, 1865. George C. H. Deets, Aug. 26, 1864, to June 17, 1865. Samuel V. Holbrook, Aug. 26, 1864, to June 17, 1865. James Toole, Aug. 26, 1864, to June 17, 1865. Company K. William M. Straehan, sergt., Aug. 18, 1864, to June 17, 1865. First Battery Heavy Artillery, Company A. Benjamin J. Loring, sergt., Feb. 26, 1862, to Feb. 27, 1865. George S. Huff, sergt., Feb. 26, 1862, to Feb. 27, 1865. Charles E. Pratt, corp., Feb. 21, 1862, to Feb. 27, 1865. Henry Bayley, July'l, 1864, to June 22, 1865. Frank Osborn, Feb. 24, 1862, to July 20, 1862. Elihu M. Thayer, Feb. 19, 1862, to Oct. 20, 1865. Company B. Calvin T. Dyer, Sept. 10, 1863, to June 29, 1865. John Q. Ela, Dec. 3, 1863, to June 29, 1865. Edward A. Hale, Oct. 29, 1862, to June 29, 1865. George B. Jones, Oct. 29, 1862, to June 29, 1865. Charles H. Loring, Oct. 10, 1862. Miohael B. MoCormiek, Jan. 13, 1863, to June 29, 1865. George H. Randall, Aug. 7, 1863, to June 29, 1865. Wilbert F. Robbins, Dec. 4, 1863, to June 29, 1865. William H. Saunders, Oct. 25, 1862, to June 29, 1865. Jacob C. Snow, Aug. 18, 1863, to June 29, 1865. Benjamin F. Spear, Aug. 1, 1863, to June 29, 1865. Company C. Francis White, q.m.-sergt., Aug. 22, 1863, to Oct. 20, 1865. Warren C. Mansfield, Aug. 3, 1863, to June 29, 1865. William H. McQuinn, Aug. 18, 1862, to June 29, 1865. Samuel E. Whitmarsh, April 22, 1863, to Oct. 20, 1865. Company D. Charles Blake, June 6, 1863. First Cavalry, Company H. Peter A. Drollett, Oct. 12, 1861, to Oct. 8, 1864. Alvin Jackson, Oct. 12, 1861, to Jan. 15, 1865. Company K. William A. Daggett, bugler, Sept. 16, 1861, to Sept. 21, 1864. James B. Frazier, Nov. 26, 1861, to Jan. 4, 1865. Henry A. Hobart, sergt., Nov. 26, 1861. George F. Penniman, Sept. 25, 1861, to Sept. 25, 1864. Second Cavalry, Company F. Henry W. Gammons, Jan. 2, 1865, to July 20, 1865. George F. Thayer, April 3, 1863, to April 1, 1865. Company H. Owen Fox, Oct. 9, 1863, to July 6, 1864. Third Cavalry, Company B. Edwin L. Curtis, sergt., Dec. 11, 1863, to Sept. 28, 1865. Company D. Richard M. Sanborn, sergt, Jan. 30, 1864, to Sept. 28, 1865. Theodore C. Howe, q.m.-sergt., Dec. 7, 1863, to Sept. 28, 1865. Hosea B. Hayden, corp., Dec. 31, 1863, to Sept. 28, 1865. William G. Hill, Corp., Deo. 5, 1863, to July 29, 1865. Joseph W. Huff, corp., March 11, 1864, to Sept. 28, 1865. Charles B. Leonard, corp., Dec. 21, 1863, to Sept. 28, 1865. Jonathan R. Clark, blacksmith, Dec. 31, 1863, to Sept. 28, 1865. George V. Chick, Dec. 5, 1863, to Sept. 28, 1865. Stephen W. Dawson, Jan. 29, 1864, to his death. John Halpin, Dec. 28, 1863, to Sept. 28, 1865. Isaac R. Harmon, Feb. 15, 1864, to Sept. 28, 1865, Philip McQuinty, Jan. 5, 1864, to July 29, 1865. George A. Mower, Feb. 9, 1864, to Sept. 28, 1865. James Spear, Dec. 10, 1863, to Sept. 28, 1865. Charles S. Thayer, Feb. 15, 1864, to Aug. 19, 1865. Company E. James Riley, Sept. 20, 1862. Company G. Patrick Dunlay, Nov. 1, 1862, to May 20, 1865. Company I. Royal Belcher, Aug. 5, 1862, to May 20, 1865. James Smith, Aug. 5, 1862, to May 20, 1865. Company JC. John T. Ayres, sergt., Aug. 6, 1862, to Oct. 19, 1864. Timothy Curran, corp., Aug. 6, 1862; transferred to Vet. Res. Corps. John G. Ingraham, corp., Aug. 6, 1862, to March 1, 1863. Jonathan S. Paine, corp., Aug. 6, 1862 ; transferred to Vet. Res. Corps. William A. Bishop, bugler, Aug. 6, 1862, to May 30, 1865. 126 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. Edward E. Patten, saddler, Aug. 6, 1862, to Nov. 15, 1864. John F. Albee, Feb. 29, 1864, to June 22, 1864. Edward Bannon, Aug. 6, 1862, to May 21, 1865. John Barry, Aug. 6, 1862, to Sept. 28, 1865. Lewis D. Bates, Aug. 6, 1862, to May 21, 1865. Leonard Belcher, Aug. 6, 1862, to March 1, 1863. Eiisha S. Bowditch, Dec. 7, 1863, to Sept. 19, 1864. James E. Burpee, Aug. 6, 1862; transferred to Vet. Res. Corps. Patrick Cahill, Dec. 12, 1863, to July 5, 1865. Stephen Connor, Aug. 6, 1862, to May 21, 1865. Chandler Cox, Aug. 6, 1862, to May 21, 1865. Marcus F. Cram, Aug. 6, 1S62, to Jan. 26, 1864. William L. Cram, Aug. 6, 1862. John Craddock, Aug. 6, 1862, to May 21, 1865. Birdsey Curtis, Aug. 6, 1862. Charles C. Davis, Aug. 6, 1862, to Jan. 23, 1863. Joseph Desotelle, Aug. 6, 1862, to May 21, 1865. John Flood, Aug. 6, 1862, to May 21, 1865. Charles E. Fogg, Aug. 6, 1862, to Aug. 9, 1865. William H. French, Aug. 6, 1S62, to May 21, 1865. Thomas C. Gardner, Aug. 6, 1862, to May 21, 1865. Peter T. Godfrey, Aug. 6, 1862. Oliver S. Harrington, Aug. 6, 1862, to May 21, 1865. Almon E. Ingalls, Dec. 21, 1S63; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps. George A. Joy, Aug. 6, 1862, to April 27, 1863. James Kennedy, Jan. 1, 1864; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps. William S. Leach, Aug. 6, 1862, to Aug. 7, 1863. Frederic Marr, Aug. 6, 1862. William P. Martin, Feb. 22, 1864; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps. Frank McConerty, Aug. 6, 1862; absent. Michael McMurphy, Aug. 6, 1862. William W. Mower, Dec, 21, 1863. Albert S. Nason, Aug. 6, 1862, to May 21, 1865. Daniel W. Niles, Aug. 6, 1S62, to May 21, 1865. 'Samuel H. Paine, Aug. 6, 1862, to May 21, 1865. Charles E. Pratt, Aug. 6, 1862, to Nov. 15, 1S63. Isaac Raymond, Aug. 6, 1862, to May 21, 1865. Oliver Simmons, Aug. 6, 1862, to Feb. 18, 1863. Quincy Sprague, Aug. 6, 1862, to May 21, 1865. George H. Stevens, Dec'. 21, 1863 ; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps. Ansel P. Thayer, Aug. 6, 1862, to Sept. 19, 1864. Ephraim F. Thayer, Dec. 31, 1863, to Aug. 8, 1865. Major Tirrell, Aug. 6, 1862, to May 21, 1865. Americus V. Tirrell, Aug. 6, 1862, to Jan. 18, 1864. John F. Wild, Dec. 26, 1863, to April 8, 1864. Thomas S. Williams, Dec. 5, 1863 ; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps. Company M. Garrett G. Barry, sergt., Dec. 13, 1861, to April 8, 1864. Fourth Cavalry, Company D. Alvin Jackson, Jan. 9, 1864, to Jan. 15, 1865. Company F. William L. Cram, Jan. 27, 1864, to Nov. 14, 1865. Fifth Cavalry. James M. Cutting, vet. surg., Sept. 16, 1864, to Oct. 31, 1865. Second Infantry, Conyiany G. William Foley, May 25, 1861, to July 26, 1863. Dennis Moriarty, May 25, 1861, to April 1, 1862. William Welsh, May 25, 1861, to Jan. 31, 1863. Ninth Infantry, Company B. John Healey, June 11, 1861. Company C. John P. Murphy, June 11, 1861, to June 21, 1864. Company G. Cornelius Furfy, June 11, 1861, to July 1, 1862. Richard Furfy, June 11, 1861, to June 21, 1864. Company H. John Foley, Aug. 21, 1863, to June 10, 1864. Company K. Anthony Columbus, Aug. 21, 1863, to June 10, 1864. Eleventh Infantry, Company B. John P. Maloney, sergt., June 13, 1861. William M. Tirrell, sergt., June 13, 1861, to June 24, 1864. James Wilkie, corp., June 13, 1861. Eleventh Cavalry, Company D, Owen Greelish, June 13, 1861, to Aug. 22, 1861. Company E. Francis Marmont, Aug. 14, 1863, to July 14, 1865. Company K. James Barrett, June 13, 1861. Thomas H. Neal, June 13, 1861, to Oct. 22, 1862. Samuel W. Saville, June 13, 1861, to June 24, 1864. Thomas Wilson, Aug. 12, 1863, to July 14, 1865. Twelfth Cavalry, Company C. Francis W. Kahle, July 22, 1863, to March 6, 1864. Michael Preston, July 5, 1861, to Dec. 31, 1862. Ephraim F. Thayer, June 26, 1861, to Feb. 28, 1863. John Q. Whitmarsh, June 26, 1861, to Sept. 18, 1862. Company E. Christopher P. Tower, June 26, 1861, to March 9, 1863. Company F. Joseph P. Davis, June 26, 1861, to July 8, 1864. Company H. Charles A. Pope, sergt., June 26, 1861, to Nov. 30, 1863. Warren Stetson, July 17, 1863, to June 25, 1864. John Q. A. Thayer, June 26, 1861, to July 8, 1864. Thirteenth Cavalry, Company G. Hiram S. Thayer, July 16, 1861, to Aug. 1, 1864. Sixteenth Cavalry, Company I. William Cunningham, Aug. 30, 1861, to July 15, 1863. Company K. James Bradley, July 2, 1861, to July 27, 1864. Seventeenth Cavalry, Company E. Albert T. Pool, Sept. 5, 1S64, to June 30, 1865. John F. Pool, Sept. 5, 1864, to June 30, 1865. Company G. John Navan, Aug. 29, 1864, to June 30, 1865. Eighteenth Cavalry, Company E. Asa W. Holbrook, Aug. 24, 1861, to Oct. 26, 1864. Company K. Thomas Smith, Jr., oorp., Aug. 24, 1861, to Jan. 26, 1863, BRAINTREE. 127 Nineteenth Cavalry, Company B. Duncan Crawford, Aug. 3, 1S63, to Jan. 14, 1864. Company E. Daniel Carrigan, Sept. 2, 1861, to June 30, 1865. James Carrigan, July 26, 1861; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps. Company K. Samuel D. Chase, corp., Oct. 31, 1862, to June 30, 1865. Marous P. Arnold, Oct. 29, 1862, to June 30, 1865. N. Augustus White, Aug. 19, 1S61; no record of discharge. Twentieth Cavalry, Company F. Duncan Crawford, Jan. 14, 1864 ; trans, to navy. Company G. John Goodman, Sept. 4, 1861, to Sept. 3, 1864. Company I. Charles Holbrook, Deo. 9, 1861, to Oct. 15, 1862. Company K. Thomas J. dwell, Corp., Aug. 21, 1861, to Dec. 13, 1862. .Twenty-second Cavalry, Company E. Jeremiah Dalton, 2d corp., Oct. 1, 1861, to June 27, 1862. Company F. Charles L. Holbrook, July 28, 1863, to Oct. 26, 1864. Edward Huff, July 17, 1863, to Oct. 26, 1864. Company I. Charles H. Crickmay, Corp., Sept. 6, 1861, to June 30, 1862. Alexander R. Fogg, Sept. 6, 1861, to June 27, 1862. Twenty-third Cavalry, Company H. George B. Jones, Sept. 28, 1861, to Sept. 8, 1S62. Twenty-fourth Cavalry, Company B. George White, Sept. 18, 1861, to Dec. IS, 1863. Company C. Daniel Austin Thayer, July 29, 1862, to Jan. 4, 1864. Company G. Loring N. Hayden, Nov. 15, 1861, to Jan. 20, 1866. Edward M. French, No.v. 13, 1861, to Aug. 4, 1863. W. Martin Harmon, Nov. 13, 1861, to April 30, 1863. Abraham W. Hobart, July 26, 1862. Seth. Taunt, Dec. 5, 1861, to July 15, 1865. fleorge N.Thayer, Sept. 16, 1861, to Jan. 20, 1866. Company H. James L. Curtis, July 29, 1862, to Jan. 20, 1866. Twenty-seventh Cavalry, Company D. Maxon G. Heaiy, July 23, 1862, to Sept. 27, 1864. Twenty-eighth Cavalry, Company B. John Connors, Aug. 10, 1863, to July 6, 1864. Amos A. Loring, Jan. 5, 1864, to his death. Company C. Henry Barton, Dec. 13, 1861, to Dec. 19, 1864. Company D. John Connor, sergt., Jan. 2, 1864, to Aug. 19, 1864. Adams H. Cogswell, Jan. 2, 1862. Charles Gray, Aug. 10, 1863, to Sept. 15, 1864. William Reevers, Aug. 12, 1S63, to June 20, 1865. Company F. Thomas Smith, Jan. 8, 1862, to Sept. 30, 1862. Company G. Charles Miller, Aug. 12, 1863. Francis Winn, Dec. 19, 1861. Company I. Frederic Smith, Aug. 11, 1863. Vnassigned. Peter Higgins, Aug. 14, 1863. Twenty-ninth Cavalry, Company A. John W. Sweeney, May 21, 1861, to Aug. 28, 1862. Company B. Ira D. Bryant, May 14, 1861. James Freel, May 14, 1861. George S. Whiting, no record ; now draws a pension. Company D. John Conley, Aug. 20, 1864, to July 29, 1865. James Flynn, Aug. 19, 1864. Thirtieth Cavalry, Company F. Samuel F. Harrington, Nov. 18, 1861, to July 5, 1866. Thirty-first Cavalry, Company K. Ebenezer C. Thayer, Jr., Corp., Jan. 29, 1S62, to Sept. 30, 1864. John W. Dargan, Jan. 23, 1862, to Nov. 27, 1864. William Kayhoo, Jan. 17, lS62,to Feb. 14, 1864. John Rennie, Feb. 6, 1862, to Nov. 1, 1862. Thirty-second Cavalry, Company E. Loring W. Thayer, sergt., Dec. 2, 1861, to Sept. 30, 1864. Norman F. Steele, sergt., Dec. 2, 1861 ; 2d lieut. James B. Leonard, Corp., Dec. 2, 1861; 2d lieut. Leonard F. Huff, Dec. 2, 1S61, to Aug. 23, 1862. Henry T. Wade, Deo. 2, 1861, to July 2, 1863. Company F. Asa W. Holbrook, Jan. 21, 1864, to June 29, 1865. Company H. John Foley, Aug. 21, 1863, to June 29, 1865. Company I. William Daley, musician, Aug. 11, 1862, to June 29, 1865. Anthony Columbus, Aug. 22, 1863, to his death. Company L. Charles L. Holbrook, July 28, 1863, to June 29, 1865. Edward Huff, July 17, 1863, to June 29, 1865. Thirty-third Cavalry, Company E. Edgar L. Bumpus, sergt., Aug. 5, 1862, to May 15, 1864. Company K. Martin Branley, Aug. 8, 1862, to Nov. 24, 1862. T. Horace Cain, Aug. 8, 1862, to July 7, 1865. William Mulligan, Aug. 8, 1862, to June 11, 1865. John W. W. Rowell, Aug. 8, 1862, to Dec. 28, 1863. James N. Tower, Aug. 8, 1862, to June 11, I860. Nathaniel A. White, Aug. 8, 1862; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps. Thirty-fifth Cavalry, Company E. William D. Lyons, Aug. 19, 1862, to April 20, 1863. 128 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. Company H. John Davis, Aug. 19, 1862, to Aug. 23, 1863. Thirty-sixth Cavalry, Company K. Albert G. Wilder, Corp., Aug. 11, 1862 ; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps Daniel W. Dean, Aug. 8, 1862, to his death. Seth Dean, Aug. 8, 1862, to Jan. 27, 1863. Thirty-eighth Cavalry, Company I. Edward Freel, Aug. 21, 1862, to Feb. 14, 1863. John V. Hunt, Aug. 21, 1862, to June 30, 1865. James W. Thayer, Aug. 21, 1862; trans to Vet. Res. Corps. Stephen Thayer, Aug. 21, 1862, to June 30, 1865. Company K. Hiram P. Abbott, Corp., Aug. 20, 1862, to June 30, 1865. Henry H. Shedd, Aug. 20, 1862, to Oct. 24, 1862. George H. Bryant, Aug. 20, 1862, to March 24, 1863. Warren R. Dalton, Aug. 20, 1862, to June 30, 1865. Charles David, Aug. 20, 1862, to Feb. 13, 1863. Edward David, Aug. 20, 1862, to June 14, 1863. Solon David, Aug. 20, 1862, to June 30, 1865. Thirty-ninth Cavalry, Company G. James Bannon, Sept. 2, 1862, to April 12, 1865. Warren Stetson, July 17, 1863, to May 18, 1865. Company H. John Preston, Sept. 2, 1862, to Jan. 29, 1863. Fortieth Cavalry, Company F. Michael McMurphy, Sept. 3, 1862, to March 24, 1863. Company H. Daniel F. Leonard, Sept. 1, 1862 ; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps. Fifty-sixth Cavalry, Company E. Michael P. Foley, Jan. 12, 1864, to July 12, 1865. Fifty-eighth Cavalry, Company E. Joseph Jenkins, March 1, 1864, to July 14, 1865. Fivst Company Sharpshooters. Josiah H. Hunt, Oct. 31, 1862; trans, to Vet. Bes. Corps. N. Warren Penniman, Oct. 13, 1862, to July 25, 1864. Veteran Reserve Corps. William Butler, Sept. 3, 1864. Patrick Callahan, May 16, 1864. Barney Feeney, May 16, 1864. Peter Hutchneck, May 17, 1864. Edward Kellogg, May 17, 1864. Jethro Lynch, May 16, 1864. Jesse B. Nourse, May 11, 1864. United States Regulars. Albert F. Wood, April 11, 1861, to April 11, 1864. Musicians. Abijah Allen, Dec. 22, 1863, to May 31, 1865. Hiram A. French, Dec. 22, 1863, to May 31, 1865. Eugene D. Daniels, Dec. 22, 1863, to May 31, 1865. Luther Hayden, Oct. 26, 1864, to June 13, 1865. Francis W. Holbrook, Jan. 4, 1864, to May 31, 1865. Jacob S. Lord, Oct. 26, 1864, to June 13, 1865. Jonathan Thayer, Jr., Oct. 26, 1864, to June 13, 1865. Seventieth Infantry (Colored). John Bell, Jan. 31, 1865. Seventieth New York Infantry. Levi Bunker, June 20, 1861, to June 16, 1863. Edward S. Bunker, July 13, 1861, to Sept. 11, 1862. Alfred E. Parker, July 15, 1861, to May 5, 1862. Twenty-fifth New York Infantry. Thomas Smith, May 13, 1861, to June, 1862. Third Maryland Infantry. John Finegan, February, 1862, to March 12, 1863. Alonzo A. Tower, February, 1862. Twelfth Vermont Infantry. Benjamin F. Arnold, Oct. 4, 1862, to Dec. 29, 1864. Nelson Arnold, Oct. 18, 1862, to June 19, 1864. The following enlisted in unknown organizations viz. : William S. Adams. William C. Bright. Symmes G. Buker. James Dooley. Michael Doran. Edward Doyle. Daniel H. Ellis. John Freel. James Flynn. Patrick Glancy. James T. Godfrey. John Hanlon. Albert Howard, Jr. Lewis U. Hubbard. John W. Langley. Bernard McGovern. George E. Nelson. John O'Neil. John Smith. Charles E. Smith. William Taylor. Edward Tilden. William Townsend. Peter Whitmarsh. William 0. Wright. The following enlisted in the navy, viz. : Michael Tenney. Duncan Crawford. Royal J. Freeman. George Howe. Thomas J. Martin. George A. Raymond. William H. Spear. Charles Smith. Paul Nadell. William H. Matthews. Besides these there were thirty-four who were strangers, some of whom were assigned by the State as the quota of the town. Names of those who fell on the field or from wounds received in battle : Eiisha Paine Goodnow. George Frederic Thayer. Owen Fox. John T. Ayres. Edward Everett Patten. Ansel Penniman Thayer. John Francis Wild. Garrett George Barry. Alvin Jackson. Cornelius Furfy. Thomas John Crowell. Charles Henry Crickmay. Those who died in prison life were : William Higgins. Charles Gray. From disease : Silas Binney Crane. John Ferdinand Albee. Alexander R. Fogg. Jeremiah Dalton (2d). Lawrence McLaughlin. Loring Winthrop Thayer. Henry T. Wade. Edgar Lewis Bumpus. Edward David. Ebenezer Coddington Thayer, Jr. Thomas Smith. Alfred Emmons Parker. Nelson Arnold. prison or from the effects of James Bannon. Benjamin Franklin Arnold. Eiisha Strong Bowditch. William Sanford Leaoh. BRAINTREE. 129 Francis W. Kahle. Daniel Austin Thayer. William Martin Harmon. Amos Atkins Loring. Leonard F. Huff. Anthony Columbus . T. Horace Cain. Daniel W. Dean. Seth Dean. Henry Winslow Dean. John Finegan. Levi Bunker. Edward S. Bunker. Paul Nadell. Stephen W. Dawson. Dennis Moriarty. John Connors. The women of the town deserve honorable men tion. They contributed to the needs of the soldiers such articles as bedding, clothing, lint, bandages, and delicacies of diet as far as was within their means. An illustration of the spirit of some of the women in raising funds for these purposes of mercy is worth preserving. One summer, when money was hard to get, a townsman jocosely offered, without thinking his proposal would be accepted, to give the ladies a load of hay, lying in the wet meadows, if they would carry it away. They promptly accepted the gift, and several of the younger women went into the fields, loaded the hay, had it properly weighed, and duly deposited in the barn of a purchaser, and converted the proceeds into stockings, drawers, and shirts for the men at the front. For the most of the above statistics I am indebted to the labored researches of the Rev. George A. Thayer, a native of Braintree, an officer in the army, and who now resides at Cincinnati, Ohio. As an outgrowth of the war, soon after its close the soldiers of the United States army formed an organization which they called " The Grand Army of the Republic." A branch was formed June 4, 1869, and named Gen. Sylvanus Thayer Post, No. 87, De partment of Massachusetts. It was organized by Gen. James L. Bates, assisted by Capt. Charles W. Hastings. The charter members were Capt. James T. Stevens, George D. Willis, Francis W. Holbrook, Joseph E. Holbrook, Robert P. Bestick, Lucian M. Thayer, Marcus A. Perkins, John R. Carmichael, William A. Dagget, and Edward S. Dean. They now number sixty-three comrades. They have strewed with flowers the graves of their departed comrades on Memorial Day each year since their organization. Nine of their comrades they have borne to the silent tomb and performed over their graves the usual ser vice. They have expended for the relief of their members the sum of one thousand three hundred and two dollars and thirty-five cents. They held their meetings for some time in Holbrook Block, until its destruction by fire in June, 1882, when they lost nearly all their property. But though small in num bers, they, by the aid of their townsmen, have fur nished a fine hall in Rosenfeld's block, which they 9 occupy at present. It has been beautifully decorated, mainly through the labor and taste of Comrade Thomas B. Stoddard, who deserves this notice. The Past Commanders are James T. Stevens, James T. Bestick, George D. Willis, Abijah Allen, Henry A. Monk, Edwin L. Curtis, William L. Gage, Thomas Fallon. Marcus A. Perkins has served as Quartermaster nearly fifteen years. Early in the year 1865 a meeting of the citizens of the town was held in the town hall to devise measures to secure the erection of a suitable memorial to the soldiers from the town who died or were killed in service. They decided to hold a fair, and were joined by the ladies to further the object. From the fair and a musical entertainment about fourteen hundred dollars were realized. By the will of Mr. Harvey White a legacy was given towards the accomplishment of the same purpose. The town in its corporate capa city contributed the remainder of the necessary sum for its completion. The town selected, in 1867, a committee, consisting of Messrs. F. A. Hobart, Asa French, Horace Abercrombie, Levi W. Hobart, E. W. Arnold, Jason G. Howard, Edward Avery, Alva Morrison, and Edward Potter, to procure plans and estimates for some memorial. June 27, 1873, the town voted " that the soldiers' monument committee be instructed to erect upon some portion of the town- land, near the town house, a statue cut in granite, after a model submitted by Messrs. Batterson & Can- field, of Hartford, Conn., with a pedestal designed by H. & J. E. Billings, architects of Boston, at a cost not exceeding five thousand dollars above the foun dation." Jason G. Howard and Edward Potter having re moved from the town, James T. Stevens and William M. Richards were chosen to fill the vacancies. Al- verdo Mason, Marcus A. Perkins, Charles W. Procter, and Abijah Allen were also added to the committee. Under the above vote the monument was erected. The statue is a full-sized model of a soldier, stand ing with his musket in position at rest, and is cut from Westerly granite. The inscriptions placed upon the pedestal are, upon the front, " The town of Braintree builds this monument in grateful remem brance of the brave men whose names it bears ;" also, " 1874." Upon the reverse this simple inscription, " Dying they triumphed." Upon the north and south sides are the names of those of the quota of Brain tree who died or were killed in the service ; also " 1861" at the top and " 1865" beneath, denoting the duration of the war. The funds placed at the disposal of the committee were: citizens' fund and interest, $2338.19; town 130 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. appropriations, $3628.07 ; Harvey White's legacy, $500.00 : total, $6466.26. On the 17th of June, 1874, this monument was dedicated with appropriate ceremonies. There let it stand till time shall be no more, as a record that shall tell future generations of the bravery and heroism of our citizen soldiers in defense of the union of the States which was founded by our fathers, maintained by our brothers, and which, we trust, will be transmitted to the latest generation. Miscellaneous. — Besides the bequests to the town before mentioned, Josiah French, a native of the town, and one who had been honored by the town in electing him to some of the most important offices, left, as de scribed in his will, the following property, viz. : " I give and devise to the town of Braintree, in the county of Norfolk, Commonwealth of Massachusetts, a certain piece of mowing and tillage land lying and situate in said Braintree, containing five acres, more or less, and bounded as follows : easterly on Washing ton Street, northerly on land of Capt. Ralph Arnold, southerly on town land, and westerly on land of Peter Dyer. To have and to hold the same to the said town of Braintree forever, to be used and occupied by the said town as a common or common field for companies and buildings for town or public business, but no pri vate dwelling-houses or buildings whatever to be placed on said premises, but to be forever French's common, except the wood I give my wife." This will was dated March 19, 1845, and probated Feb. 11, 1851. After a vexatious law-suit, the town obtained possession of the property. It is situated in the geo graphical centre of the town, and upon it, in 1858, was built a large and commodious house, which is used for town hall, high-school room, and for various town purposes. It has cost the town for buildin°- improvements upwards of twenty thousand dollars, and is a credit to the town. The remaining portion of the land is used as a play-ground for the youth, there being on the west side a fine grove. Josiah French, the donor, died Jan. 1, 1851, aged about seventy-four years. Long may his memory be cher ished and his gift appreciated. From the incorporation of the town to 1730 the town-meetings were held in the meeting-house of the North Precinct ; from 1730 till 1750, in the same place and the meeting-house of the Middle Precinct alternately ; from 1750 to 1830, in Middle Precinct meeting-house. The town hall erected on the corner of Washington and Union Streets was first occupied as a place for the meetings of the town on March 1 1830. It was occupied until 1858, when it was sold to private parties, who removed it to Taylor Street and remodeled it into two dwelling-houses. Thayer Public Library. — At a special town- meeting held May 16, 1870, the following communi cation from Gen. Sylvanus Thayer was received and read by Asa French, Esq. : " To the Citizens of the Town of Braintree : " Gentlemen, — To establish a free public library in this town I propose to erect a fire-proof building, suitable for the purpose towards the cost of which the town shall contribute the sum of ten thousand dollars, the amount needed to complete the build ing to be paid by me. And I will loan to the town thesaidsum. of ten thousand dollars, for such time as it shall require it to comply with this offer, at six per cent, interest. Upon the ac ceptance of this proposition by the town, I will give the further sum of ten thousand dollars, as a permanent fund, the income of which shall annually be devoted to the maintenance of said library. Should the town take favorable action upon this mat ter, I shall be happy to confer with a committee with reference to the immediate consummation of the project. " Respectfully, "Braintree, May 16, 1870." his S. + Thayeh, mark At the same meeting this proposition was almost unanimously accepted, the town appropriating the sum named, and a committee appointed to confer with Gen. Thayer, with full authority to act for the town in locating said library building and in carrying out the plan covered by this proposition. Asa French, Edward Avery, Francis A. Hobart, Alva Morrison, and Charles H. Dow were chosen said committee. Oct. 27, 1870, a meeting of the town was called to see if the town would rescind the above vote, but after a thorough discussion it was decided not to rescind, by a vote of two hundred and nineteen for rescinding and three hundred and twenty-eight opposed. At the same meeting Warren Mansfield, Joseph A. Arnold, and Jacob S. Dyer were added to the library com mittee. This action was taken in consequence of a disagreement of the citizens where the library building should be located. April 7, 1873, the committee reported to the town that the plans for the building had been carefully pre pared under the personal supervision of the donor, although the building had not been commenced at his decease. The executors of his will recognized the validity of the contract, and set apart the sum of twenty thousand dollars to be applied for the erection of said building. They also reported that a lot of land ¦ had been purchased by subscription and pre sented to the town as a site for the building. This land joined the land given the town by Josiah French. They further reported that the contract for the erection of the building had been executed, and that it would be completed the coming season. Asa French, Francis A. Hobart, and Henry A. Johnson were appointed trustees on the part of Gen. Thayer's 0mm ^S&kV KniopoljiMfciuifli^. tagravniP uo su-vrtoris BRAINTREE. 131 estate, and Nathaniel H. Hunt and N. F. T. Hayden were chosen by the town. The library was opened to the public Sept. 1, 1874, and is kept open a portion of each day in the week; except on the Sabbath. It contains at the present time (1884) six thousand five hundred and thirty vol umes, and .has upon its books as borrowers the names of two thousand five hundred and seventy-four persons. Besides the gifts mentioned, it has been the recipient of about five hundred dollars' worth of books from E. Anderson Hollingsworth, and also a large number of valuable and beautiful reference books from Jonathan French, of Boston, whose father was a native of the town. Miss Abbie M. Arnold is the librarian. She has held the situation since the opening, and gives general satisfaction. Puritan Lodge, No. 179, I. 0. of 0. F., was organ ized April 11, 1877, and numbers about seventy members. They hold their meetings in Odd-Fellows' Hall in the south village. Braintree Lodge, No. 1494, Knights of Honor, numbering about sixty, was organized Feb. 26, 1779, and holds its meetings in Grand Army Hall. In closing these sketches, permit me to acknowledge my indebtedness to the Registers of Probate and Deeds for Suffolk and Norfolk Counties, to John Ward Dean, Esq., Librarian of the New England Historic-Genealogical Society, and to the aged citizens of the town, for information which has enabled me to give so many facts in the history of our town. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. CALEB STETSON. Caleb Stetson was born in Braintree, Mass., Jan. 6, 1801. He was the eldest of the three sons of Amos Stetson. He received the best education the country at that time afforded, spending six months at school and the remaining six playing or working on the farm. He was offered a collegiate education by his father, who had a prosperous business, but he de clined it, his spirit of enterprise being more active than his love of study. In 1815 he was sent to a private school, with a view to the study of law, for which profession he had a growing taste, and which he would have honored had he completed his studies. His father was three or four times elected to repre sent the town of Braintree in the Legislature of Mas sachusetts, and was one of the selectmen and asses sors of Braintree for many years. In the war of 1812 he was major of the State militia, and was or dered out for service, in 1813, for coast defense. After two years' application to the study of law Ca leb Stetson abandoned the profession and began to assist his father in his store. His aptitude for busi ness soon became conspicuous in the management of his father's affairs, which he conducted with great success for five years. At the age of twenty-two he married Susannah, daughter of the late Deacon Hunt, of Weymouth, a most estimable lady, by whom he had six children. Mr. Stetson selected for his business the manufac ture of boots and shoes. His father furnished him a capital of three hundred dollars, and he went to work, this being all the aid he received from any one. Adding industry and good judgment to his small fund, he conducted a prosperous business in Braintree for years. In 1826 he became initiated into the mysteries of Freemasonry, becoming a member of Orphans' Hope Lodge in Weymouth. During the anti-Masonic ex citement which followed the reported death of Wil liam Morgan, of New York, Mr. Stetson found him self so unpleasantly situated in Braintree that he removed to Boston, where, though anti-Masonry prevailed to some extent, it was far less aggressive than in the country towns. He eventually acquired great wealth in the shoe business, and extended his operations into other branches of industry. His ac tive labors have covered more than half a century of time. He has passed through four or five severe financial revulsions in trade, — say, 1826-28, 1836-37, 1847-49, 1857-61, — and what is very remarkable, he has had no occasion to ask any renewal or ex tension of his liabilities for a single day during his whole life, — a prosperous business period of over forty years. All correct cash bills have been instantly paid on presentation. In .1842 Mr. Stetson was elected a director in the Shoe and Leather Dealers' Bank, in Boston, and in 1857 he was made president. This office he held ten years, with great distinction to himself and great profit to the bank. Although Mr. Stetson was an observing and unde- viating Democrat, of unquestionable courage and pa triotism, he was no politician in the low, sense of that word. He was no office-seeker. In 1835 he and his wife became members of Rev. Dr. Adams' church, Boston. After the death of his wife, in 1863, he became connected with the Episcopal Church. In 1852 he was elected a representative to the General Court from Braintree, and was made chairman of the House Committee on Banks and Banking. The bill establishing a Board of State Bank Commissioners 132 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. was prepared by him. In 1854 he was nominated by the Democratic State Convention as the candidate for Lieutenant-Governor of Massachusetts. The same year he was elected a presidential elector on the Demo cratic ticket. This honor he declined, and after that date he accepted no nominations whatever for political office. His first appearance as a public writer was in 1835. The late Hon. Amasa Walker published a series of articles advocating extensions of the credit system to six, eight, and ten months to Southern and Western purchases. These were answered by Mr. Stetson with much ability. The general crash of 1837 proved his wisdom and foresight. In 1836 he wrote several articles in favor of the sub-treasury. The many fail ures of banks turned his attention to the subject of banking, and he opposed the further issue of currency under the general system then established. He con sidered that the banks were unsafe under the general laws of Massachusetts, as it tended to encourage their increase without real capital. He advised the safety- fund system, which was afterwards adopted in New York and Massachusetts in 1854. In 1854 he published a pamphlet, over the signa ture of " Silex," of about one hundred pages, giving a history of mining and the probable effect which the discovery of gold would have on the future value of property. To this was appended some twelve or fif teen letters, written and published in the Boston Traveller in the winter of 1853. On Mr. Stetson's return from Europe, he visited California. While at San Francisco he was so ill that it was only with great difficulty that he could be brought home, and for four years there was hardly a hope of his recovery ; but by skillful medical attend ance and good nursing he was restored almost to his original vigor and health. To escape the severity of Northern winters he has spent them for several years at the South, having purchased a plantation of five or six hundred acres in Georgia. In reply to an inquiry made by a friend how it had been possible for him to accomplish so much in his life, he replied, " The last forty years of my life, I have risen out of my bed, when well, at four a.m., and have done all my correspondence and written all arti cles for the press or otherwise from four to seven a.m. before eating or drinking anything. It is now five A.M., the day of our forefathers' landing, and I am nearly seventy-eight years of age." For practical common sense and industry ; for sterling integrity and consistency of practice in har mony with the profession of principle ; for his noble and generous sympathies as a friend and citizen, and as an example of legitimate success worthy to be fol-; lowed by young men, but few who live to the ripe age ; of fourscore years have a more commendable record than Caleb Stetson, of Braintree. His name will be an enduring honor, both to his native town and coun- 1 try. ELLIS A. HOLLINGSWORTH. Ellis A. Hollingsworth, son of Mark and Waitstill (Tileston) Hollingsworth, was born in Milton, Mass., March 6, 1819. His grandfather, Amor Hollings- | worth, was born on the old family homestead in Chester County, Pa., held by a deed given from William Penn, and rendered historic by being the place whereon the memorable battle of Brandywine was fought between the forces under Lord Howe and Gen. Washington. The family were originally Quakers, who came to America with William Penn, — probably from Chester County, England. Amor afterwards moved to Delaware, where his son Mark was born. Mark received a good com mon-school education, and, after having served his time at paper-making, he immediately started for Boston to see Bunker Hill and Long Wharf. This trip decided his future career. Not returning, he engaged with Hugh McLean, manufacturer of paper at Milton Upper Mills, now called Mattapan, and said to be one of the oldest establishments of the kind in America, a company having obtained from the General Court, about the year 1728, the exclu sive privilege of making paper for the term of ten years, upon condition that they should make, after the third year, five hundred reams per year for each succeeding year of the remaining ten, one hundred and fifty reams of which were to be writing-paper, and a fine of twenty shillings was imposed upon every ream made by any one else. After McLean's death, Mark Hollingsworth, in 1809, purchased these mills, and, associating himself with Edmund Tileston, his brother-in-law, under the firm-title of Tileston & Hol lingsworth, established the business of paper-manu facturing, which has continued from that time until the present in the same families and under the same firm-name, the eldest son of each generation succeed ing, without an exception, to the business. Mark Hollingsworth was a Quaker, and was characterized by the attributes of his people, a quiet, positive, re flective man, and a hater of shams. He possessed much mechanical ingenuity, and by his tact and in dustry acquired a competency which made him for his own time wealthy. He died in March, 1855. Ellis Anderson was the youngest son of a family of eight ¦I'll mmm< ¦ly. 711, a amiM* ¦i^tX-yC Z-<^7>~Z, T^C BRAINTREE. 133 attaining maturity, viz. : Leander M., Amor, John Mark, George, Lyman, Maria H. (Mrs. E. K. Cor nell), Cornelia W. (Mrs. W. Babcock), and Ellis Anderson. When young, Ellis Anderson, owing to precarious health, was placed with a progressive and scientific farmer of the State of New York, with whom he remained until he had obtained a thorough knowl edge of agriculture, both theoretically and practically, and for which he ever after manifested a fondness in the application of his knowledge to the care of a farm of his own. He married Susan J., only daughter of Rufus and Susanna Sumner, a cousin of the Hon. Charles Sumner. Their children are Sumner and Ellis. In 1849, under the stimulant of the gold excitement, he went to California, and after a sojourn of a year or more he returned to Massachusetts, and in 1851 took possession of his father's mills at South Braintree, Mark Hollingsworth having purchased the old Revere Copper Works at South Braintree, and there established a paper manufactory. One of the most fortunate discoveries of modern times was the invention at this mill in 1843 of ma- nilla paper, the production of which has become so valuable in every branch of industry. Ellis Anderson continued the manufacture of this paper, and after wards in association with Leonard Whitney, Jr., of Watertown, under the firm-name of Hollingsworth & Whitney, they commenced the making of their paper into bags by machinery. The enormous in crease of business necessitated the construction and purchase of new mills, which were accordingly erected in Watertown, Mass., and in Gardiner, Me. The Po- quonock mill at Hartford, Conn., was purchased, and partnerships were formed with large manufacturers both in Baltimore and in Philadelphia. Mr. E. A. Hollingsworth showed a wonderful adaptability to the details of business, and possessing a clear compre hension of the mechanical processes, through his care, economy, and ability the business not only as sumed large proportions, but was put upon a solid financial basis. He was in many respects a most remarkable man. He did nothing upon the impulse of the moment, but gave each subject the most care ful thought and consideration. Apparently of vigor ous health, he was yet for years a great sufferer, but possessed of wonderful physical endurance he trans acted business day after day when others would have withdrawn from the task. Calmly, patiently, and without complaint, he was a personal exemplification of the motto inscribed upon the Hollingsworth coat of arms, " Disce ferenda pad" (Learn to suffer what must be endured). Although thus heavily engrossed in his immense business, his mind took cognizance of other more scientific and literary pursuits. A student of the Journal of Speculative Philosophy, of which he was among the first subscribers, he was accus tomed to remark that his acumen, insight, and success was largely the result of his philosophical researches. A lover of the beautiful in nature, he would point out what would be obscure to a common observer. He took an interest in collecting minerals and shells, and a fanciful delight in gathering grasses, of which he had numbered nearly five hundred varieties. In. reference to his last visit to his Gardiner mills, a friend writes, " We met him, on the north side of the Cobbossee, gathering ferns and grasses ; we little thought then that this was the last time we were to see him." Mr. Hollingsworth was a Unitarian in his religious views, although by no means bigoted or sectarian, and a Republican in politics. He was ex tremely unconventional, an,d by his lack of ostentation and display showed the spirit of his Quaker ancestry. His kind heart and sound judgment gave him an interest in all good and progressive works, of which he was also a generous contributor. Although his fellow-townsmen honored him with the presidency of the Braintree Savings-Bank, he would not consent to other offices of public trust. Of a retiring nature, he had comparatively small acquaintanceship with his fellow-citizens; but it arose rather from ill health, and from his quiet, unobtrusive manner, than from any pride of position or lack of geniality. With intimate friends he was .ever social and communi cative. Original and keen-witted, he would give expression to his thoughts with a clearness and purity of language that gave him few equals. A quick observer of the comic in life, and possessing a great fund of quiet humor, he could tell a story so humor ously as to draw tears with laughter. Independent, self-reliant, and tenacious of purpose, he was ever in social and family relations companionable, loving, and tender. Sincerely beloved and deeply lamented by the community at large, a wide circle of business friends, and by those who knew him best, he passed this life Jan. 6, 1882. THE MORRISON FAMILY. The Morrison Family originated in the island of Lewis, on the west coast of Scotland, from Scandinavian stock. There are many ways of spelling the name, but from about 1800 Morrison has been generally ac cepted. It is Gaelic, from Moor's son, signifying re nown, famous, a mighty one. Their heraldic crest is 134 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. three Moors' heads, pointing clearly to their origin. The chief of the clan Morrison was a ruler of Lewis for many generations, and many instances of their prow ess, mechanical skill, and humor may be cited. " The record of this remarkable family is one of thrilling interest, and an air of romance still lingers about the descendants of the Brieve of Lewis. In various walks of life, in peaceful scenes, in foreign climes, they are as celebrated as were their ancestors in the feuds and bloody dramas of the past. In the fields of dis covery, in politics, in the conflicts of arms, in business and mercantile life, their history is one of progress, and their record one of honor." John Morrison, born in Scotland, county of Aberdeen, 1628,' was one of the first settlers of Lon donderry, N. H., previous to which he assisted in de fending Londonderry, Ireland, in its memorable siege of 1688-89. He and his family were among the number driven beneath the walls, and subsequently admitted into the city, remaining there until its relief. He re moved to America in 1720 with a young family. His sons James and John, who had preceded him to the New World, deeded him on Christmas, 1723, a tract of land, now situate in Derry, N. H, where, on Jan. 19, 1736, being near his end, and " very sick and weak in body, but of perfect mind and memory," he made his last will and testament, and shortly thereafter died at the reputed age of one hundred and eight years. His son James was one of the proprietors of the ancient town of Londonderry, N. H, and one of those to whom its charter was given, from which he is known as " Charter James Morrison." He was one of the earliest settlers of the town, and the land then " laid out" in 1728 is now owned by his great-great-grandson. He was prominent in town affairs, and selectman in 1725. By his wife, Mary Wallace, who died in Ireland, he had two sons, Halbert and Samuel. He died about 1756. Samuel, born in Ireland in 1704, came to London derry with his father in 1719, a lad of fifteen, and shared the hardships of the new settlement. He was deeded a farm which was afterwards set off into Windham, still owned in the Morrison name and with unchanged boundaries. He was moderator of the first town-meeting held in Windham in 1742, and presided at fifty-one consecutive meetings. He was a member of the first board of selectmen, acting in this capacity at different times for seven years. He was town clerk four years. He was a lieutenant in the French and Indian war, and was present at the cap ture of Louisburg, July 26, 1758. He married Martha, daughter of Samuel Allison, of Londonderry, born March 31, 1720. She was the first female child of European parentage born in that town. Their son Robert lived all his life in Windham, N. H. ; was born Feb. 6, 1758, and was a farmer. He had twelve children, among them Ira and Alva. From the " History of the Morrison Family" we extract the following graphic sketch : " Hon. Alva Morrison [John (1 ), James (2) Lieut. Samuel (3), Robert (4) ] was born at Wind ham, N. H., May 13, 1806. His father died when he was nearly two years old. From that time until he was twenty years of age his life was passed quietly at home with his mother. He received whatever education the district school was able to give, and worked at farming. From his earliest years he ex hibited that spirit of industry which led to his success in after-life. In the spring of 1826, desiring to acquire a knowledge of some business other than farming, he left his boyhood's home and went to Stoughton, Mass., where his brother Leonard was at work in a woolen-factory. He worked at the same place, but the proprietor soon becoming insolvent, he went to Canton and obtained a situation in a woolen-factory in that town. Here he remained only until the factory at Stoughton started again under the control of a new owner, when he returned to his former situ ation. It was while in Stoughton that he married, July 11, 1830, Mira, only daughter of Col. Consider Southworth, of that town. (See his biography in Stoughton history.) She was born Nov. 3, 1810. He remained in the same factory until May, 1831, when he moved to Braintree, which was ever after his home. Having acquired a thorough knowledge of the busi-" ness, he, in company with his brother Leonard, com menced the manufacture of woolen goods. They soon sustained a high reputation, as the goods made by them were the best in the market. They remained in company five years, when they dissolved partner ship. Alva continued the business at Braintree, and Leonard started anew at Salem, N. H. By close attention to business and strict integrity they accumu lated wealth. He remained in business until 1871, when he retired and was succeeded by his sons, who still maintain the high reputation he established in 1831. He was several times chosen as representa tive and senator, and was the recipient of other im portant trusts from his fellow-townsmen, who relied implicitly upon his high integrity and intelligence. He was a large-hearted, whole-souled man. In his private as well as public life he was highly esteemed for great energy of character and strength of purpose. The wealth which he accumulated he made generous use of in public and private benevolence. He was greatly interested in the honor and success of his country. He was a man of much reading ; he loved '¦'",ys„./„lr:sar,.l,^n»'- 2- BRAINTREE. 135 and appreciated the best books of English literature. In the intervals of business he was given to study books of science and theology, and upon these sub jects formed independent and progressive, though thoroughly reverent opinions. Religion was with him a practical thing for every-day use, and his sense of duty toward his fellow-man and God was the highest. He was very domestic in his tastes, and found his greatest enjoyment in his home. In return for his great love of his family, he found them ever ready to bestow on him the warmest affection and sympa thy. He died May 28, 1879." The business estab lished by Alva and Leonard Morrison in 1831, and continued for a few years, was making satinets. Mr. Morrison abandoned this in 1837 and began to make woolen yarns. He made good goods and established a first-class reputation. During all financial reverses Mr. Morrison paid every dollar of every obligation, and never asked an extension. Strong in his sense of justice and the principles of universal right, he was among the first to join the anti-slavery move ment. In those days that meant almost social ostra cism, and in these days we can little conceive the courage required to maintain those principles. He was a member of the secret society organized to aid escaped slaves, and his name was placed at the head of the Free-Soil ticket for years. From 1856 he supported the Republican party until Grant's second administration, when, with Charles Sumner, Wendell Phillips, and others, he abandoned it. A man of unusual powers and usefulness, a citizen of command ing presence and acknowledged integrity, the whole community felt a loss when Alva Morrison passed away. His children were M. Lurett, Alva S., Mary C. (deceased), E. Adelaide, Robert Elmer, Augus tus M. (deceased), and Ibrahim. Alva S. Morrison, son of Alva and Mira (South- worth) Morrison, was born Nov. 9, 1835, in Braintree. Attended common and private schools, which attend ance was supplemented by two years passed in Con ference Seminary, at Northfield, N. H. He received a thoroughly practical business education in his father's mills, working in every department, and when old enough was placed in charge of the financial in terests, and was admitted partner in April, 1856. From that time Mr. Morrison has attended personally to the development of the business, and under his careful management it has grown slowly and steadily. Previous to 1856 the firm had been " A. Morrison & Co.," Horace Abercrombie, his son-in-law, being a partner. An increase of business demanded a larger and more commodious building, and in 1856 the pres ent stone mill was erected a little to the east of the old building. When R. Elmer became of age, in 1804, he was admitted partner, and Mr. Abercrombie retired, and the firm became " A. Morrison & Sons." In 1872, Ibrahim was admitted as partner, and the firm became " A. S. Morrison & Bros." The brothers have worked together harmoniously, used good mate rial, given good work, maintained the high reputation previously established, and Morrison's yarns and un derwear are standard among dealers throughout New England. The excessive demand for their goods necessitated another large building in 1874, since which time their business has doubled. During the Rebellion " Alva Morrison & Co." for four years man ufactured hosiery and underwear, and in 1879 this firm's successors introduced the manufacture of " gents' fashioned underwear," which department is a very prominent one in their business. " A. S. Mor rison & Bros." have ever kept abreast of the progress of improvement, and availed themselves of each new advance in machinery or otherwise to secure for their manufactory the best possible result. Their special ties are yarns for manufacturing purposes, knitting yarns, and the underwear spoken of. Their trade mark is the family coat-of-arms with the three Moors' heads. Alva S. has steadily and earnestly de voted himself to business, and has preferred this to meddling with public affairs, but has served on school committee seven years, and, believing in the princi ples of economy and equality enunciated by Thomas Jefferson, he is active in support of Democracy, and as a Democrat was elected to represent his district in 1883. He has been twice married, first, Nov. 9, 1857, to Elizabeth A., daughter of Ira and Elizabeth W. Curtis, of Weymouth. She died Jan. 1, 1874. Their surviving children are Anna G., Walter E., Fred. G., and Mira I. He married, second, Bebecca H., daughter of Edward Holyoke, of Marlboro, June 13, 1875. By this marriage he has one daughter, Alice Southworth. For the last quarter of a century Mr. Morrison has been one of the representative and successful manufacturers of Braintree, and his success has been worthily won by his skill, attention, and ap plication in his chosen field of labor. Ira Morrison, [John (1), James (2), Lieut. Samuel (3), Robert (4), Ira (5) ] was born July 18, 1798, in Windham, N. H. He was first a hatter and afterwards a farmer, and settled first in Hopkinton, N. H., next in Ripley, Me., and in 1845 he moved to Braintree, Mass., and subsequently bought a farm in Salem, N. H., where he resided until a year or two previous to his death, which occurred in Braintree, March 10, 1870. He married Sophia Colby, and had four children, among them Benjamin Lyman. Ira 136 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. was a quiet, unostentatious person. '' His life was his best memorial. It was marked by uprightness, strong love for his family and friends, warm hospi tality to those who visited his home, deep interest in the cause of religion, humble hope in our Divine Lord, and a death whose sorrows never checked his faith, and whose happy submission left to all who loved him the confidence that when he was absent from the body he was present with the Lord." Benjamin Lyman Morrison, son of Ira and Sophia (Colby) Morrison, was born in Ripley, Me., March 28, 1828. He received the limited educational advantages of a farmer's boy at the common schools, and when seventeen came to Braintree, and went to work in the yarn-mill of his uncle Alva, and, with the determination to make manufacturing his life- work, remained with him twelve years, thoroughly mastering every branch and all details of the business. During this period, by strict economy, he had laid up a small capital, and after a fruitless tour through the West, in search of a location in which to begin busi ness, he returned to Massachusetts, purchased a dis carded set of machinery of his uncle, and established himself in an unpretending way as a manufacturer of woolen yarn in Stoughton, Mass., in company with Asahel Southworth. This partnership continued eight een months, when Mr. Morrison returned to Brain tree, and leased a mill at East Braintree. This was about 1860. Remaining there four years, his industry and close personal attention being well rewarded, he was requested by Horace Abercrombie, who owned a flouring-mill not far away, to join him in partnership, and make of his property a manufactory of yarn. Mr. Morrison accepted this proposition. They formed the firm of " Abercrombie & Morrison." Within a year's time Mr. Morrison purchased the interest of Mr. Abercrombie in the mill, and conducted business in his own name until Jan. 1, 1881, when his son Lyman W. became a partner. The firm-name has since been " B. L. Morrison & Son." Since 1878 the machinery has been run by steam- as well as water- power. Mr. Morrison has been satisfied with a sure and safe business. He has personally given his at tention to each department, manufactured a high grade of goods, and has been prosperous. He married, Nov. 22, 1855, Lydia D., daughter of Nathaniel and Eliza beth (Hollis) Penniman, who belonged to an old Braintree family. Their children are Lyman W. and Helen M. In politics Mr. Morrison is Republican. He was chosen a representative in 1872. He is a member of Delta Lodge, F. and A. M., of Weymqjith, and is a liberal in religion. Mr. Morrison is a man of strict integrity, genial nature, industrious habits, and one whose honor is unquestioned, and whose word is as good as his bond. He is a man of kind affec tions and feelings. He has concientiously been faith ful to his trusts, devoted to his duties, and a sincere, generous, and true friend. DAVID THAYER, A.M., M.D. David Thayer, A.M., M.D., of Boston, is a native of Braintree, Mass., where he was born July 19, 1813. His ancestors, who were among the first set tlers of the town of Braintree, were of Puritan stock, and came from England previous to 1640, in the " Mayflower," with the Pilgrims who landed at Plym outh in 1620. His father was Deacon Nathaniel Emmons Thayer, and his mother Deliverance, daugh ter of Deacon Elephaz Thayer, a soldier in the war of the Revolution, who served under Washington at West Point. Dr. Thayer obtained the rudiments of his education in the common school of his native town, but his active mind sought a wider range of thought. He early showed a love of reading, and lost no opportunity of increasing his knowledge in this way. After work ing all day on the farm, the late hours of the night often found him absorbed in study. He was by no means a book-worm. He loved out-door amusement, and was always eager to join his comrades in their active sports. There is a French saying that the time best em ployed is that which one loses. Its truth was demon strated in the ease of young Thayer, when, in common with every one of his school-fellows, he seemed des tined to become a shoemaker. Though the experi ment proved a failure, the time thus lost was well employed, as all idea of his ever becoming an accom plished artist in this useful branch of industry was happily abandoned, and he was allowed to seek the highest education he so eagerly desired. He became a student at Weymouth Academy, and in 1833 he entered Phillips' Academy at Andover to fit himself for college. It was here that he gave his adherence to the cause he served in later years with unswerving faith and zeal. George Thompson, the noted English anti-slavery orator, lectured in Andover. Young Thayer heard him, became convinced of the crime of slavery, and joined with a number of his fellow-stu dents who wished to form an anti-slavery society. This the faculty of Phillips' Academy and of the theological seminary forbade. To join the an ti slavery society already formed by the citizens, and to discuss the slavery question in the Philomathean Society in " ^ dljAH-H^h?'e- BRAINTREE. 137 he Academy, was also forbidden. Then about forty f the students revolted and asked for their creden- ials, and left the Academy in a body. Among them pas David Thayer, who was readily given an honor- ible discharge. He completed his preparations for lollege at Appleton Academy, New Ipswich, N. H., md entered Union College in 1836. During his college course he showed a preference br modern languages, which he acquired with facility, ind for the natural sciences, and he took up the study jf medicine under Prof. B. F. Joslin, M.D., LL.D. At this time his inclination was for a life of travel and exploration, and a knowledge of languages and of medicine would, he thought, be valuable aids. He Graduated in 1840, then started out on his travels, D i i "oing to the South and West. He remained in Ken- tucky a year or two, teaching and continuing his studies. The illness of his father recalled him to Braintree in 1842. While at home he continued the study of medicine, and after the death of his father he entered the med ical department of Harvard College, but without any intention of ever becoming a practitioner of med icine. It was in compliance with the earnest desire of his mother, after the death of his father in the same year, that he abandoned the idea of foreign travel, and de cided to enter the profession. He took his medical degree in 1843 at the Berkshire Medical Institute, Pittsfield, Mass. Dr. Thayer began the practice of his profession in Boston, and in 1844, with J. E. Murdock, the eminent elocutionist, he established the Boston Gym nastic Institute, a school for physical education and the culture of the voice. It soon became popular, and was well patronized by the best people of Boston. It was at this period that Dr. Thayer began his in vestigations of homoeopathy. He had read of the new method of practice, and he now began to experi ment with homoeopathic remedies. Therapeutics had ever been his favorite field in medical science, and tracing out the secret relations between diseases and their remedies possesses for him a peculiar fascination. In 1845 he began to treat cases of diarrhoea with a drug honioeopathically prepared. The result was a cure in all the thirty-five cases. The success of this experiment incited him to further investigation. And in the same year he opened a dispensary in Boylston Hall, for the free medical treatment of the poor in connection with Dr. C. F. Hoffendahl, a homoeopathic physician of long experience. This wider field of observation confirmed the results of former experiments, and Dr. Thayer became a convert to the new school of practice. He joined the American Institute of Homoeopathy in 1847, and twenty-three years later he was elected its president. In 1854, Dr. Thayer, in order to apply a crucial test to the claims of homoeopathy, selected several dis eases over which allopathic treatment has little or no power to cure. These diseases were gall-stone disease, rachitis (or the distortion of the spine, incurvation of the long bones, deformed chests, etc.), calculi of the kidney, and organic disease of the heart. The result of these observations and tests was so satisfactory as to convince every unprejudiced mind of the efficacy of homoeopathic medicines in these grave diseases. In December, 1854, he made the discovery which has brought him enviable fame, — the discovery of the homoeopathic specific for gall-stone colic. A patient who had suffered periodically for years from severe attacks of gall-stone colic came under Dr. Thayer's observation. Allopathic treatment could not cure the disease, and could only alleviate the suffering in part by opiates and hypodermic injections. The doctor carefully noted and studied the symptoms of the case ; then he set to work to search the homoeopathic materia mcdica for drugs whose provings corresponded with these symptoms. Several were selected which cor responded with the totality of the symptoms, but these failed to give relief. Finally cinchona, which has periodicity for one of its characteristics, was tried in the third decimal attenuation, and proved success ful. Months, years passed, and the patient had no return of the pain. The cure was radical. Dr. Thayer continued to study the disease, and has treated near a thousand cases of gall-stone colic with equal success. His remarkable cures of gall-stone colic became known and talked about, and were reported to medical socie ties. These reports were published, and physicians all over the country availed themselves of his discov ery. Recently a noted French physician in Paris wrote to Dr. Thayer a letter of congratulation on making one of the greatest discoveries in therapeu tics, and translated his paper on ' Gall-Stone Colic and its Remedy" into the French language, and published it in the Bulletin de la Societe Medicals Uomoeo- pathique de France. Dr. Thayer early became an Abolitionist, and iden tified himself with Garrison and his party. His house was an asylum for fugitive slaves for many years be fore the civil war, and his heart and hand were ever prompt in aiding the distressed. John Brown visited him, and received generous contributions of money in aid of his project of freeing the slaves in Missouri. The doctor was also an active worker for the cause of Abolition in politics, and was associated with the HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. prominent men of the party. He was elected a mem ber of the Massachusetts House of Representatives five times. While in the Legislature he was largely influential in securing the charters of the Massachu setts Homoeopathic Medical Society, the Dispensary, the College, and the Homoeopathic Hospital, in Boston. At a period of the civil war when there was great need of medical aid in our army, Dr. Thayer offered himself to Governor Andrew for any service where he could be useful. The Governor forwarded the letter, with a cordial recommendation of the writer, to Sur geon-General Dale. In answer, Dr. Thayer received this brief reply, " When your services are needed you will be notified." It is perhaps needless to add that had this offer come from an allopathic practitioner of like ability and standing it would have been accepted. Dr. Thayer was one of the eight homoeopathic phy sicians, also members of the Massachusetts Medical Society (allopathic), who were summoned for trial before a committee of that society in 1873 for " con duct unworthy and unbecoming an honorable physi cian and member of the society," viz. : for practicing homoeopathy. Though educated an allopathic physi cian, Dr. Thayer had practiced homoeopathy since 1847, and had been allowed to continue a member of this society while guilty of such alleged conduct for twenty-six years ! The trial resulted in the expulsion of these physicians. Dr. Thayer's speech in his own behalf and of one of his colleagues was a forcible, clear, and logical defense, and was also a powerful argument in favor of homoeopathy. The facts he stated could not be disputed, his conclusions could not be denied. It was published in a pamphlet and widely read, gain ing for him many friends outside of Boston. When the Boston University was established, Dr. Thayer was very active in organizing the Homoeopathic College as its medical department. He received the first nomination as candidate for dean of the college, but declined the honor. He has occupied the chair of professor of Practice and that of Institutes of Medicine in Boston University for eight years. He was for twenty-five years surgeon of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company. In 1878, when the yellow fever was scourging New Orleans, the death-rate enormous, and the infection at its height, Dr. Thayer, learning that homoeopathic treatment was wanted there, wrote to the president of the Belief Association offering his services. The fearlessness and generosity of this offer were charac teristic. Five years later, when he had passed his seventieth birthday, he visited Europe for the benefit of his health, and returned enriched with the results of many original observations and reflections. While visiting the hospitals of Europe his sympathies were aroused by witnessing the cruelties inflicted on the poor people who resort to these institutions for medical and sur gical aid ; nor was he blind to the manifest tyranny of the governments, as shown by the sad, bitter lot of their toiling peasantry, crushed by taxation, and the degraded condition of women ; and the general aspect of all the nations of Central Europe forced him to the conclusion, so epigrammatically stated by his friend Wendell Phillips, that under such sore and cruel op pression " Dynamite and the dagger are the proper substitutes for Faneuil Hall and the Daily Advertiser!' Dr. Thayer has given special study to malarial fever and kindred zymotic diseases. His paper on " Miasm'' was published in full in the " Publications of the Massachusetts Homoeopathic Medical Society" in 1879. In the " Transactions of the American Insti tute of Homoeopathy'' for 1883 is published his " History of Malarial Fevers." In the former of these papers Dr. Thayer brought accumulated evidence to show that there is some ground for the belief that miasm becomes infectious by attenuation, — by being diffused through a great extent of atmospheric air, — and that this law finds analogy in that principle re cognized in the homoeopathic school of medicine, viz.: that specific medicine is powerful to cure just in pro portion to its attenuation within limits not yet dis tinctly defined, and in that well-known fact, that the toxic effect of certain drugs is also increased by being attenuated and minutely subdivided. He also brings evidence to show that some of the miasmata in their crude and unattenuated state are not only non-in fectious, but seem sometimes to act as prophylactics against the diseases which the miasmata in an at tenuated state have the power to produce. Dr. Thayer's eminent success as a physician is due in no small measure to his great industry. The late Dr. Carroll Dunham, whom all good homoeopaths reverenced, once wrote to a patient : " It is impos sible for the physician to do his best in any case unless the patient submit himself without reserve or qualification to such inquest as the physician may from time to time deem necessary, throwing himself as much as possible into the state of passive follow- your-leadism which a lawyer requires in a discreet client. The physician must say, as the lawyer does, select counsel in whom you can place full confidence, place all the facts before him without reserve, give access to all sources of knowledge, then let him con duct the examination and the case according to his untrammeled judgment." It is just this power of BEAINTBEE. 139 winning confidence, inducing the patient " to place all the facts before him without reserve," that gives a physician the surest means of forming a correct diag nosis and Dr. Thayer possesses it in an enviable degree. His nature is peculiarly sympathetic, and acts as a magnet upon those who approach him in professional as well as social relations, while his downright honesty inspires absolute trust and reliance. "There isn't a bit of humbug about him; he tells the truth without fear or favor," one patient was heard to say to another as both sat in his waiting- room. His uncompromising honesty and absolute fearlessness command the respect of all, even his enemies, — for so positive a character is sure to have enemies, — who have reason to know that he is " a good fighter." An eminent divine, in commenting upon the notorious trial and the expulsion of the homoeopathic physicians from the Massachusetts Medical Society, spoke of the homoeopath defiantly shaking bis little bottle of pellets in the faces of his judges, referring to Dr. Thayer. His attitude upon this, as upon all occasions when aroused to defense, shows the courage and self-reliance which are his dominant traits. Convinced that he is right, he would maintain his ground unshaken, and defy the whole world were it arrayed against him. How richly this granite strength of character is marbled with golden veins of tenderness and charity his many friends, who know and love him well, can testify. This tenderness was beautifully shown in his life-long devotion to his mother, who lived to the age of ninety-two years. It was in loyalty to her wishes that he relinquished the cherished plans of his youth, and entered the profession whose honors and rewards now crown his ability and untiring industry. For years before her death, no matter what the pressure of professional work or his own fatigue, through heat of summer and winter storms, he left the city every week to visit her retired home, and found in her loved presence the charm that banished weariness and pain. Such filial love is as rare as it is worthy of emulation. His charity, both of spirit and of deed, is one of his noblest, most endearing traits. Towards human error and imperfection he is ever lenient, and if his tongue cannot speak good, it speaks no evil. As he has risen by dint of his own unaided efforts, he knows how to sympathize with those who are struggling, and the poor and the oppressed have always found in him a true friend. When he finds a fellow-creature in distress, his ever-ready sympathy is excited, perhaps too easily, and he has often parted with large sums of money to help persons who seemed to need it more than himself. The oppressed always found in him a true friend, and the oppressor an un relenting enemy. The exacting duties of his profes sion and the constant demands of a large practice have left him no leisure for the scholarly pursuits in which he delights ; but even now, as in youth, after a hard day's work, the midnight hour often finds him enjoy ing the sounding lines of Homer or the eloquence of Demosthenes. He is an independent thinker, having his own views upon all subjects he investigates. His tendencies are liberal and progressive to a degree that has sometimes exposed him to criticism. He believes that no candid or scientific mind will turn aside from the investigation of what may prove to be a hidden truth, and may enlarge the resources which the phy sician brings to the aid of suffering humanity. Be lieving that " that life is most acceptable to the Almighty which is most useful to His creatures,'' he has honestly striven to serve his fellow-men, doing good wherever he found opportunity, and verily such shall have their reward. NAAMAN L. WHITE. The White family of which we write is largely repre sented in colonial New England. They were extensive land-owners and generally successful agriculturists. It may be truly said of them, in summing up their general characteristics, that they abstained from the allure ments of the vices of the day in which they lived. They were remarkable for their temperance, integrity, and perseverance, and with sincerity practiced the virtues of the genuine type of New England charac ter, and in whatever condition of life they have been placed their descendants have honored their position and name. By searching old records we find Thomas (1) White, probably brother or cousin of William White (father of Peregrine), admitted freeman of Massachusetts colony March 3, 1635, being an inhab itant of Weymouth, of which he was one of the first settlers, and whose earliest records bear his name. He was a man of ability and determination, was for many years selectman of Weymouth, representative to the General Court in 1637, 1640, 1657, 1671, and was commander of a military company, at that time a post of distinguished honor and responsibility. Thomas (2), son of the first Thomas, of Weymouth, was born in Weymouth, and married Mary Pratt ; settled in Braintree, and was admitted freeman in 1681. He was a man of education, distinction, and worth, and held a high social position in the town of his adoption. His children were Thomas, Mary, Samuel, Joseph, and Ebenezer (3). His death oc curred in April, 1706. 140 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. Ebenezer (3), youngest son of Thomas (2) and Mary (Pratt) White, of Braintree, was born in 1683, married Lydia , and lived in East Braintree. They had seven children, — Lydia, Elizabeth, Eben ezer, William (died in infancy), William, Anne, and Thomas (4). Ebenezer was a farmer, quiet, unpre tending, devoting himself entirely to agriculture. Thomas (4), son of Ebenezer and Lydia White, married Deborah Nash, Aug. 23, 1753. He was a man of decided energy and pluck, was captain of a military company ordered to Dorchester Neck (South Boston), March, 1776. His children were Thomas, Deborah, Alexander, Silence, Solomon, and Elihu (5). Elihu (5) married Sarah, daughter of Ellet and Sarah (Pratt) Loud. He was by birth and education a farmer, but afterward engaged in commerce, made foreign voyages, and acquired a competency. He was a captain in the militia, deputy fish commissioner of the State for many years. He had nine children, of whom all attained maturity, — Sarah (deceased) ; El liott L. (deceased), remained at home, and filled im portant offices in the town ; Elihu (deceased), was a graduate of Brown University, and physician in Bos ton ; Harvey (deceased), who engaged in commercial business ; Harriet A. (deceased) ; Sarah, married An drew Glover, of Glover's Corner, Dorchester ; Deborah Prince ; Catharine S. (deceased) ; and Naaman L. (6), whose ancestral line is Thomas (1), Thomas (2), Ebenezer (3), Thomas (4), Elihu (5), Naaman L. (6). Naaman L. White, son of Elihu and Sarah (Loud) White, was born on the place where he now resides in Braintree, June 24, 1814. He was fitted for college at Amherst and Phillips' Andover Academy. He entered Harvard University in 1831, in a class which has furnished its full proportion of men who have since distinguished themselves in the various walks of life. It has been said that nowhere is the character and ability of a man more accurately weighed and gauged than in the close contact, the constant and intimate association, and the sharp competitions of college life. However this may be, the appreciation in which Mr. White was held by his associates is perhaps some what indicated by the number of literary societies into which he was chosen during the college course. There were at that time three leading literary so cieties in the college, conducted by the undergrad uates, — the Harvard Union, devoted principally to public debate, the Institute of '76, and the " Hasty- Pudding Club." It was usual for each member of every class to belong to some one of these societies, — as a general rule, to not more than one. Mr. White was elected into and became an active mem- ber of all three. Of the last-named society he was the president, and at one of its anniversaries he was chosen the orator. During two years of the college course he was ap pointed by the faculty a class-monitor, — an office of truth and responsibility, in which weekly reports to the president were required, and for which a small salary was allowed. He also competed with the best scholars of his class for many of the prizes offered by the University for literary excellence, and at one time he was awarded the first prize for the best-written essay on a subject given out by the college, and also the first Boylston prize for declamation ; so that his prize-money and salary were sufficient not only to pay all college bills for that term, but left a liberal supply for pocket-money besides. He was a fine belles-lettres scholar, and particu larly good in the ancient classics and in the modern languages and literature. At the same time he was so far proficient in mathematics and the severer studies connected therewith as to receive at one of the exhibitions of the junior year a mathematical part, — an appointment which required of the recipient of it to propose some original proposition or problem in the higher mathematics, and to write out, in de tail, a full demonstration of it, which papers were to be deposited in the college library. At the close of the junior year he was elected a member of the Phi Beta Kappa Society. It was also during this year that the Harvardiana, a literary periodical, was started by members of his class, and during the re mainder of the college course he was a frequent contributor to its pages. He was graduated with high honor in 1835. The subject of the com mencement part assigned him was the " Character of Chief Justice Marshall," a rather large subject for so young a man, but which he sustained with such credit as to receive the warm approbation of such men as Judge Story and Charles Sumner, who were of the audience. After graduation he was engaged one year as prin cipal of the classical department of the Weld School, in Roxbury, then one of the most popular and flourishing boarding-schools in the vicinity of Bos ton. After leaving this school he commenced the study of law in the office of Judge Sherman Leland, and subsequently, successively, in the offices of John C. Park and Rufus'Choate. He was admitted to the bar in 1839, and opened a law-office in his native town. For thirty years he had a quite large and lucrative practice, principally in the county of Norfolk. He BRAINTREE. 141 then gradually withdrew from active pursuit of his profession, and devoted himself principally to the care and arrangement of his own ample estate and of the estates in trust of his friends who availed themselves of his services. As a lawyer, in his business relations with his clients, he gave them his honest opinion upon their cases, derived from study, observation, and experience, whether that agreed with their own preconceived opinions or not, or whether it apparently promoted his own immediate business interests or not ; and it may be truly said that the amount and volume of litigation in the community where he dwelt was di minished, rather than increased, by his influence. He was in the habit of saying to his clients that "laws are highly needful for the welfare and preser vation of society, but that individual law-suits should not be commenced except under the pressure of absolute necessity, as they were an expensive luxury, in which few persons could afford to indulge." If he saw any sign of undue excitement or heat of passion, his counsel would be that a little delay would not prejudice his client's rights, and that a few nights' sleep and a few days of reflection might be highly beneficial. These suggestions and a little delay would most generally bring about a change of views, and avoid a long, troublesome, and, perhaps, comparatively fruitless suit. He was particularly averse to what lawyers some times call " fancy actions," designed to vindicate by legal process the personal character and repu tation of the party. He told his clients that though there might be exceptional cases of outrageous libel or slander where a resort to the law might be not only commendable, but necessary, and where a jury would give, and rightly give, exemplary damages, yet in ordinary and the great majority of cases of this kind the party would be far better off to pass the slander by in silence, and trust to living it down, rather than make a spectacle of himself by entering the arena of litigation, where the worst and bitterest passions were sure to be aroused, and where the general public would take little interest, except as they would be interested in a gladiatorial combat, without regard to the moral or intellectual character of either of the combatants ; that such a contest would be almoBt sure to degrade both parties to one common level. His theory and advice to his friends in matters of this kind was, that the common estimate of character entertained by the community where one dwells is in the end much more correct than we are apt to imagine ; and that, as a rule, it is better to rely upon this es timate, more conducive to peace of mind and more consistent with true manly dignity, than to invoke the aid and redress of the law ; and that persistent and malignant slander very seldom, in the long run, hurts the object at which it is aimed, but is almost sure to recoil with redoubled force upon the head of the author of it. Through life he has rather avoided than sought public office. He has acted upon the principle that no man has a right to pass through the world as a " deadhead," enjoying the benefits and privileges of society, but refusing to bear a fair share of its labors and burdens. Yet he held that the office should seek the man, and not the man the office. Soon after he commenced the practice of law in Braintree, he was twice elected to represent the town in the State Legislature. He has also filled most of the more important offices in the town, — selectman, assessor, overseer of the poor, and surveyor of highways. He was particularly interested in educational matters, and in the welfare of the public schools, holding that the educational department of the town, on account of its present and prospective influence upon the character of its citizens, is by far the most important department in the town. Uniformly he advocated the most liberal appropriations for educational pur poses. For more than fifteen years he was a mem ber of the general school committee, and for the greater part of that time was chairman of the board. At the present time he is president of the Braintree School-Fund Corporation, a corporation having in charge the real estate, public funds, and securities left to the town by will, and the income of which is specially devoted to the support of its public schools. For several years he has been president of the Wey mouth and Braintree Mutual Fire Ipsurance Com pany, and also a director and vice-president of the Weymouth Savings-Bank. He was a trial justice in the county of Norfolk for several years, and held that office till the change in the system of administering justice in this commonwealth by the creation of Dis trict Courts. Early in life he was appointed brigade inspector of the State militia, an office which gave him the military rank of major. But having no great predilection for military life or glory, especially in time of peace, he resigned the office after holding it one year. In early manhood he became a member of the Congregational Church connected with the parish, where he had been accustomed to worship. Like most thoughtful persons, his mind had frequently been turned to the serious consideration of the great problems of life, death, and immortality, — of his per sonal relations to God as his Creator, preserver, and 142 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. final judge, and to Christ as his personal Saviour. He joined that particular communion as more nearly coinciding with his views upon these subjects than any other religious organization. There was nothing of narrowness or bigotry about him. Claiming the fullest freedom for himself, he willingly conceded the same to all others. Regarding religion as a personal matter between each man and his Maker, with which no other may authoritatively interfere, there was little in him of what might be called proselytism, or of that lingual activity and volubility which finds expression in public exhorta tions and advice. He held that the best and most efficient lay preaching consisted in an exemplary Christian walk and life. LUTHER OSBORN CROCKER. Luther Osborn Crocker was born in West Dedham, Jan. 11, 1829. He was the son of Luther Harlow Crocker and Mary Osborn, and grandson of Daniel Crook er (now Crocker), being a descendant of Zenas Crooker, the first American ancestor. Daniel, the grandfather, was probably born in Pembroke. Luther Harlow Crocker, the father, was born in Pembroke in 1804. His advantages for obtaining an education were very limited. When very young, he was put to labor on the farm. Arriving at suitable age, he went to Randolph, and learned the trade of wheelwright, serving a regular apprenticeship. From there he went to West Dedham, and worked at his trade. While there he married Mary Osborn, a native of Hanson. He remained there until 1838, when he removed to Hingham. He engaged in various occupations. At one time he worked at shoemaking. Then he in vested what little capital he had accumulated in the foundry business, but lost it through the fault of those connected with him. Naturally endowed with large inventive powers, and being very ingenious, he originated many inventions. While residing in Hingham he engaged in the manu facture of stoves from original patterns made by him self. After being engaged in this business for about two years he received an advantageous offer from New Albany, Ind., which he accepted. Here he was engaged in making patterns for hemp and spin ning machinery, " breakers," etc. After about two years the main factory was removed to Louisville, Ky. Thither he removed with his family, who had remained until this time in Hingham. This was about 1842. A few years after the firm failed, and Mr. Crocker started again in the manufacture of stoves, again making the patterns himself. He here manufactured the same stove he did at Hin»han (Andrews' and Austins' patent), having an ovenj each end, with the fire between them. Various kini of heaters were designed, originated, and manufai tured by him. During the years from 1842 to 181 he engaged in the manufacture of gas- and water-piij wagon-boxes, shaftings, pulleys, hemp-breaking am shackling machines, invented by himself, which pro duced this result without injuring the hemp, thi effort to produce which had previously cost hundred of dollars, and that in vain. This was the croWnii work of his life, and was patented by him. A cool ing fan, to be placed in offices, dining-rooms, etc., rm by machinery, which was wound up as a clock in wound, was also invented by him. His brain teemed with positive and original ert tions, and he was the inventor of many other ingeniJ ous contrivances for utility and amusement. He made the machinery for the manufacturing of tbe hemp raised on the plantation of one Thompson, His agreement with him was that he should famish machinery, keep it in order for one year, and receivf one-half of the profits. He invested several thous: dollars in this enterprise, which, however, provi disastrous. In 1849 he removed to Cincinnati, and was em ployed by the gas company in making draught patterns for the necessary castings, pipe, etc., f§ maining in their employ until 1855. During that yen he removed to the Scioto Valley to take charge of a saw-mill, grist-mill, and a mill for reducing iron ore to pig metal, acting as overseer for a large and wealthy firm. In 1861 he returned to Cincinnati, again entering the employ of the gas company. With the opening of the civil war the firm engaged in the manufacture of shot and shell, Mr. Crocker remainin| with them until nearly the close of the war. He was a member of a local military organization When the rebels threatened Cincinnati the compan; was asked to volunteer as soldiers. Mr. Crocker was the first, and, with one exception, the only man to give his services. Like a true patriot, as he was, he joined the army, and performed military duty both in camp and under fire. He was at this time over sixty years old, and from the exposure he contracted ease from which he never recovered. He died at Hanson, Mass., in 1872. A man of marked and itive character, he left the world wealthier for hi* having lived in it. Luther 0. Crocker was the oldest child of his ents. He inherited the inventive genius of his father, and early in life manifested it in numberless ways. Not caring for books, he neglected what opportunitis BELLINGHAM. 143 were presented for obtaining an education. His attendance at school would not probably exceed six months, so that experience and observation have been his principal teachers. Inured to labor from early childhood, he was employed at various occupations until he was seventeen years old, when he began to run a stationary engine for one of his father's hemp- breaking and shackling machines. This business suiting his taste, he was employed as engineer in various places until 1865. During the war he was employed at the Bridgewater Iron-Works to run the engine and look after the machinery. Here was built the iron for the iron-clad " Monitor," made famous by its encounter with and victory over the rebel ram " Merrimac." Whilst employed as engineer at the Boston Flax Mills, in East Braintree, he invented the now so well known ticket-punches for the use of railroad conduc tors. This punch was invented in 1865. The first one made was placed in the hands of Conductor Osborn, one of the oldest conductors on the Old Colony Railroad, for trial. Finding it worked well, after devising various improvements, he obtained a patent April 30, 1867. During his spare moments he made several punches, when his eyes were opened to what might be done by devoting his whole time to their manufacture, by unexpectedly receiving an order for a large number of his punches from Chicago. As his entire bank account at this time was only seventy- five dollars, and he had his family expenses to meet, the outlook was not very promising. Inquiry was made about this time by a person — he having seen one of the punches in use — who the inventor was and where he lived. Learning his name and address, he called upon Mr. Crocker, and offered to take joint interest in the patent and furnish capital for their manufacture. This proposition being accepted, the patent was issued to them as joint owners. This gentleman soon endeavored to manufacture by himself in another State, which caused Mr. Crocker to resort to legal measures to secure his rights. This he did by invalidating the first patent, and procuring one in his own name. , This patent was dated Sept. 21, 1869. Mr. Crocker soon began their manufacture himself, but in a very short time his buildings, tools, and stock were destroyed by fire,— a total loss. Although he had lost all, nothing daunted, he at once commenced to build up his business. Aided by his strong physique and indomitable pluck, he succeeded in building up a permanent and lucrative business by working from sixteen to eighteen hours a day. His over-exertion and mental anxiety soon told the strain to which his system had been subjected, as for several years he was so thoroughly prostrated as to be unable to read or even to hear so much as the rustling of a news paper. To-day the machinery for his manufactory is run by an eight horse-power steam-engine, and he keeps five men constantly employed in the manufacture of these punches. Their reputation is "A 1." They are in use on all the principal railroads in this country and the civilized world, as well as in all places where and for all purposes which canceling punches are used. The punch used on the first through train of the Union Pacific Railroad was manufactured by him. He made two "Anchor'' punches for the well-known and popular author Charles Dypkens ; also one for Duke Alexis, of Russia, which cut out all his armorial bearings. He was awarded a medal by the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanics' Association in 1869, and a silver medal by the National Exposition of Railroad Appliances, at Chicago, in 1883, as being the best punch manufactured. He manufactures over one thousand different designs, all of which are orig inal with him. He bought the site upon which his house and shop now stand when it was a barren ledge of rocks, but through his taste and skill it has been transformed into one of the handsomest places in the town of Brain tree. Mr. Crocker was married, Aug. 15, 1854, to Olive, daughter of Capt. Cyrus Munroe, an officer in the war of 1812. Her mother's name was Deborah Thomas. Their children are Oscar Munroe, mar ried Anna L. Noyes (he is employed as telegraph operator in the office of the general manager of the Old Colony Railroad Company at Boston) ; and Luther 0., who is connected with his father in manufactur ing. Luther married Jennie Pratt. They have one son, — Fred. Mr. Crocker is in politics Republican, an attendant at the Congregational Church, and a member of Delta Lodge, F. and A. M., Weymouth, Mass. CHAPTER XV. BELLINGHAM. BY KUPUS G. FAIRBANKS, LL.B. Previous to the 17th of November, a.d. 1719, that tract of land now known as the town of Bellingham existed merely as an unimportant por tion of the town of Dedham, which town then ex tended from Mendon line to the line of Providence, 144 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. R. I., by way of the Petucket River; thence to Attleborough and Wrentham, in our own State, and then running its northern boundaries, which serve no purpose in our present work. That portion of this area lying between Mendon and Wrentham first came to particular consideration on the 27th of October, A.D. 1713, when the Dedham proprie tors granted thirty-five acres of it to one Jacob Bartlett, who was found already settled on the prem ises. At this early period so vast and extensive was the territorial area that acquiring land by purchase was almost altogether unknown. As a matter of record, the first public gathering on the above-named tract was a meeting of the settlers called by virtue of a crown warrant, the return upon which was as fol lows : "In pursuance of a warrant to me directed by John Chand ler, Esquire, one of her Majesty's Justices of the Peace for the County of Suffolk, These arc to give Publick notice that a meeting of the proprietors of that tract of land belonging to Dedham lying between Wrentham, Mendon, and Providence is appointed to be held and kept at the house of Deacon Thomas Sanford, in Mendon, on the eleventh day of March next ensuing, at eight o'clock in the morning, then and there to agree upon a division of land and what relates thereunto, of which all persons concerned are to take notice and give their attendance accordingly. Dated this twenty-fifth day of February, A.D. 1714. Jonathan Wisht, Constable." On the following March the scattered populace assembled as above, having previously divided the land into three divisions, containing lots of from twenty to sixty acres each, and, having chosen Capt. John Ware, of Wrentham, moderator, and Thomas Sanford clerk, they proceeded to draw slips of paper from a box. On each slip of paper was a number corresponding to a lot of land, and he who drew a number became the owner in fee-simple of the tract, the numbers running as high as one hundred and twenty-one, thus showing one hundred and twenty- one settlers located or about to locate. From the year 1714 to 1719 the chief, and, indeed, the only, public business consisted in the laying out of land to new-comers and the granting of additional territory to those already settled. In the year 1719 the people became exceedingly restless over the difficulty expe rienced in attending church at Dedham Centre and the performing of town business there. Accordingly, as the outgrowth of this agitation, a petition was drawn up, — "To his Exclency Samuel Shute, Esq., Capt. General and Governor in Chieff in & over his Majesties Province of ye Massachusitts Bay, in New England, & to ye Honourable Coun cil & House of Representatives in General Court conveined at Boston. " The Petition of The Inhabitance of a Tract of Land be longing to Dedham, westward of Wrentham, and ye Inhabitance of a Considerable Farm adjoyning thereto and ye Inhabitance of a small Corner of Mendon ajacent Thereto (to ye number of four families) Humbly Shewette : That Whereas ye above Sd Inheritance are Scituated at a Retnoat Distance from ye Respec tive Towns where they at present belong : (viz.) The Inhabit ance of the Town of Dedham, to ye number of three and 20 Families are about Twenty miles Distance from the Town where they belong and Doe Deuty, and Franklin, were incor porated for parochial purposes about seventy-five years past by an act of the Legislature, since which time re ligious worship has been regularly supported and parish privileges constantly exercised therein. That within a few years past two commodious houses for public worship, a parish house, and other buildings equally adapted to town and parish purposes have been erected, and that said parish as herein described contains about two hundred and fifty ratable polls, twelve hundred inhabitants, and nine hundred acres of land. They further represent that the inconveniences and evils of transacting town business in their several towns at the distance of from four to seven miles from their homes, while the distance to the centre of the parish does in no instance exceed three miles, the remoteness of your petitioners in Holliston from the shire-town of their county (Worcester) as at present situated, and the expense and inconvenience of performing military duty in their several towns at the distances above men tioned, render an incorporation of your petitioners for town purposes highly desirable and necessary. Your petitioners therefore humbly pray that they may be incorporated as a town, with all the privileges of other towns within this commonwealth, according to the fol lowing boundaries, viz. : Beginning at the Milford line, on the northerly side of Nahum Clark's farm, and running easterly, including said farm and across the land of Henry Adams, to a stake and stones on the northerly side of a town road ; thence across said road to the northeast corner of said Adams' farm ; thence to a white-oak tree standing on the east side of the road, about twenty rods north of Capt. Jonathan Harding's barn ; from thence to the south side of the farm belonging to the estate of A. 152 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. Morse, opposite his dwelling-house ; from thence to continue a straight line on the southerly side of said Morse's farm to the Pond road, so called ; thence run ning southerly on said road about twenty-five rods ; thence easterly a straight line along the south side of Capt. M. Rockwood's home farm to the old grant line (so called) ; thence southerly on said line and Candlewood Island (so called) ; road to the old county road ; thence running southerly across said road and Charles River to the end of a road near Amos Fisher's house, in Franklin ; thence southwesterly on said road to a town road leading from the factory village in Medway to Franklin meeting-house ; thence to the; corner of the road near the house of Joseph Bacon ; thence, following said road by Luther Ellis' house, to the southeasterly corner of Leonard Lawrence's land on the westerly side of said road ; thence to the southeast corner of Stephen Allen's meadow-land ; thence westerly across Mine Brook to a white-oak tree on the line between Bellingham and Franklin ; thence westerly, on a division line of lands of Stephen Met calf and Jesse Coombs, to a town road in Bellingham ; thence westerly across Charles River to a stake and stones beside the turnpike road west of Elijah Dew- ing'sbarn; thence, crossing said road and running northwesterly, to a town road on the division-line of Na than Allen and Benjamin R. Partridge, easterly from said Allen's house ; thence northerly on said division line to Hollistontown line ; thence running westerly on Holliston's line to farm corner (so called) ; thence northerly on the town line of Milford to the corner first mentioned. And as in duty bound will ever pray." At this time (1825) Bellingham's valuation was $15,627; number of polls, 215; inhabitants, 1034. The amount of valuation taken into the proposed new town, $2157 ; number of polls, 28 ; inhabitants, 201. This would have left a valuation of $13,570, and 187 polls, with 833 inhabitants. The number of acres of land in Bellingham, 11,466 ; the number proposed to have been taken, 1133 ; leaving 10,333. The new town as a whole would, had it been set off, con tain a valuation of $14,793, with 234 polls, and 1225 inhabitants. Out of. all the persons to have been set off (134), only 61 objected, and 173 asked the State government to incorporate them, they representing a valuation of $11,280.70 ; but, for some reason to the writer unknown, the town was never established, and the question from that day to this has not been agi tated, though it seems from present indications it may arise before long. In 1827, Maj. John C. Scammel served as representative. No one served in 1828, but in 1829 Col. Joseph Rockwood was elected, and served two years, with Maj. Scammel returned in 1831. In 1829, John Cook was chosen town clerk and the matter of a town farm was first discussed. In 1830 the annual town expense reached one thou sand one hundred dollars. The committee authorized purchased the farm of Seth Holbrook, paying therefor three thousand five hundred dollars. The farm con tained one hundred and fifty-five acres, and also its equipment of stock and tools. Rules for the disci pline of inmates were adopted at the time the town's paupers were removed there. The expense the first year was four hundred and twenty-four dollars and eighty-four cents. The town's powder- house stood at this time on the land owned by Simeon Barney, and which house was built in 1811. In 1836 the small pox again made its appearance, and a hospital was erected on the town farm, and the sum of one hundred and fifty dollars was expended in inoculation. In 1837 the town petitioned for a post-office, and selected Rev. Joseph T. Massey as postmaster. In the latter part of the year 1837, Edward C. Craig was appointed town clerk in place of John Cook (2d). Mr. Craig was appointed to the office at the next meeting. In 1840 the third story in the meeting-house was fin ished off for an armory, and at this time the roll numbered one hundred and thirty-two of those per sons doing and subject to military duty. Edward C. Craig declining to serve, Francis D. Bates was chosen town clerk in 1842. In this same year the choosing of tithingmen was abolished. In 1842 the town granted James Freeman the right to construct a shop on the town's land adjacent to the church, and in 1843 stoves were procured and placed in the town meeting house for heating purposes. The selectmen generally occupied the position of Board of Health, but the first regular board consisted of Nahum Cook, George W. Blake, and James P. Thayer, elected May 1, 1843, In 1845, James M. Freeman was chosen town clerk. In 1846, Noah J. Arnold was chosen to favor the construction of a railroad from Woonsocket, R. I., to Boston. Mr. Freeman was retired in 1846 as town clerk, and Amos Holbrook elected. In 1832 and 1834, Stephen Metcalf served as representative; in 1836, no one; and 1837, John Cook (2d); in 1838, Asa Pickering; 1839 and 1840, no one; 1841, Dwight Colburn; 1842, Edward C. Craig; 1843, Jeremiah Crooks; 1844, James W. Freeman; and in 1845 and 1846, no one. At the meeting in No vember, 1846, four votes were taken on a represen tative, and no choice was made in either ballot. On the next day four more ballots were taken, with the same success. On the following day, after two more ballots, it was voted to dismiss the warrant without BELLINGHAM. 153 sending a representative. The first printed school committee report was issued in 1847. In the same year the town was unsuccessful in electing a repre sentative. In 1848 a movement was instituted on the part of the town of Boxbury, seeking to have the county-seat removed thereto, but the idea never met with much favor, our own town voting no unani mously. Francis D. Bates was again chosen town clerk. About this time a difficulty arose with the Norfolk County Railroad, and the town forbade the company crossing or otherwise interfering with the town roads. In 1849 a board of town auditors was first chosen, which board consisted of Samuel Met calf, George Nelson, and Edward C. Craig. In 1851, Martin Rockwood acted as representative. In the same year leave was granted James P. Thayer, Alan- son Bates, and others to build a boot-shop on the town's land at the centre. In 1851 ten ballots were taken before Edwin Fair banks was elected representative. Next year, the crows becoming so numerous as to cause a great deal of damage, a bounty of twenty-five cents was allowed on old birds and one-half as much on young crows, the bounty extending over a period of four months. The orthodox church at this time having become a thing of the past, and the building being occupied solely by the town, it was decided expedient to finish off the lower floor and rent it for boot-shop purposes. Fenner Cook served at the State-House in 1853, and Willard Thayer, after a long struggle, was finally elected delegate to the convention on revising the State Constitution. In the same year all that tract of land about the town house was sold, reserving one acre for the town hall and yard. As crows previously became so far a nuisance as to demand a bounty, so this year a bounty of twenty- five cents was allowed on woodchucks. In Novem ber the town so far relented as to allow, for the first time, the leasing of the town hall for " public enter tainments of a moral nature." In the same month, after an uninterrupted and persistent effort to choose a representative for the next year, the idea was finally abandoned, and no choice was made. The Charles River Railroad being agitated, and the town recognizing the benefit naturally derived from direct communication with Boston, resolved, in 1849, — "That it is of vital importance to the present and future wel fare of this town to have the Charles River Railroad extended to the State line, near the village of Woonsocket, in the State of Rhode Island, and the town in its co-operative capacity does most earnestly pray that the said railroad may be chartered agreeably to tho report of the committee on railroads and canals whioh is now before the honorable Senate on its final passage, as the passage of the bill chartering said railroad would be the means of building it, and thus opening a communication by railroad to the inhabitants of Bellingham not only with Boston, but with Woonsocket and Providence, in the State of Rhode Island, and with the city of New York." This resolution passed unanimously, and the railroad is now known as the Woonsocket Division of the New York and New England Railroad. In the year 1856 the town abated the taxes on the stock of the above road. In 1854 and 1855, Charles Cook (2d) served at the State capitol. At the March meeting Eliab Hol brook was elected town clerk. About this time applica tion was made for the town hall for a dance, and the town considered the request, as it " Voted that the town let the town hall for all good and lawful dances." In 1856, Martin Rockwood was sent to the General Court, and during the next year Ruel F. Thayer acted as town clerk. In 1858, Horace Rockwood served as representative. In 1858 our present tax collector came to light in the same official position which he has held for a long term of years, with short intervals of rest. We refer to Hon. Daniel J. Pickering, collector. In 1860 the renowned Dr.- George Nelson was placed on the school committee, and the Baptist clergyman, Bev. Joseph T. Massey (previously named), elected town treasurer. In 1861 the citizens liable to military duty were a follows : Sanford W. Allen. Anson E. Cook. Addison H. Allen. James 0. Chilson. Elijah Arnold. Louis M. Chilson. Louis Arnold. Whipple 0. Chilson. Albert Arnold. Hiram M. Cook. George Ames. Munroe F. Cook. Samuel A. Adams. William E. Cook. Edmund J. Adams. Nathan A. Cook. Dexter D. Bates. John D. Chilson. Addison S. Burr. William E. Coombs. Seneca Burr. Stephen F. Coombs. Crawford Bowdich. John Carr. Albert F. Bates. Henry B. Cook. Alanson Bates. William H. Carey. William Bates. Albert H. Colburn. Edward Butler. Julius Cross. Henry W. Blake. Joseph Cross. Nathaniel Bozworth. Alvin H. Clark. Boswell Bent. Sherman R. Chilson. Charles Barrows. Moses Drake. Andrew Boyce. Thomas McDowell. Frederick J. Bemis. Joseph L. Daniels. Charles E. Burr. Perry H. Dawley. Adams J. Barber, Jr. Lyman C. Darling. Smith Burlingame. Alfred 0. Darling. James Burlingame. William A. Darling. Joseph U. Burr. A. M. Darling. Davis P. Chilson. Luke Darling. Eiisha N. Crosby. Edward McDowell. Hiram A. Cook. Alexander McDowell. Samuel W. Claflin. Ariel B. Drake. Willard N. Chilson. William McDowell. Henry Cook. 0. N. Evans. Eiisha Chase. John H. Eaton. 154 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. John Eddy. Albert W. Follett. Joseph Fairbanks. Edwin Fairbanks. William Fairbanks. Calvin Fairbanks. John E. Fisher. Louis L. Fisher. Charles Farrington. Joseph Fisk. Oliver Gardner. Edward Gallagan. John W. Gerstle. Alonzo H. Gayer. Joseph Gerstle. Thomas H. Gay. Thomas B. Getohell. Joel Howard. George Hixon. Joseph H. Holbrook. Charles P. Hancock. Frank E. Hancock. Jarius Hancock. Michael Harpen. John W. Higgins. George H. Howard. Thomas Hines. Joseph Hope. Charles N. Hixon. Luther Hixon, George Jennison. James A. Joslin. Horace Inman. Dudley Keacb. William Keach. Amos Keach. Frederick Kingman. Peter McKean. David Lawrence. Warren Lazelle. George Matterson. Joseph Moore. John C. Metcalf. Francis Metcalf. Frederick B. T. Miller. Solyman Miller. James Malone. George Nelson (2d). Ellis T. Norcross. Amos L. Osgood. Asa Pickering (2d). William Page. Amos Partridge, Jr. Charles Partridge. Vernon S. Partridge. Asa Partridge. Calvin N. Rockwood. Vernon B. Rockwood. Henry U. Rockwood. George B. Rockwood. Louis H. Rockwood. Henry Rhodes. Thomas R. Richards. William Sherburne. Charles H. Shippee. Edgar N. Scott. Erastus D. Slocum. William Sprague. George N. Tillingbast. Benjamin Tinkham. Andrew J. Tingley. Martin Tingley. Charles W. Thayer. Charles Tingley. Henry Thayer. Charles Williams. Sylvanus White. Elbridge Whitney. Henry A. Whitney. Willis Whitney. Samuel Sturtevant. Cornelius Sullivan. Daniel Shea. Lucian Sbeppard. Hazard P. Slocum. Ruel F. Thayer. James P. Thayer. Charles T. Thayer. Joseph Thompson, Jr. Charles Thomas. Benjamin M. Usher. Alonzo N. Whitney. Jonathan Wright. Elijah D. Wilcox. Benjamin W. Woodbury. Henry Wilcox. Henry Waterman. In all one hundred and sixty-nine. The commencement of the civil war drew out the first public action of the town in an appropria tion of two thousand dollars to fit out and drill those men who had gone and were going in defense of their country. In the same year Hon. Daniel J. Pickering was sent as representative. In July, 1862, the town offered a bounty of one hundred dollars for each volunteer until seventeen were obtained, and to all who enlisted in ten days after that date ten dol lars additional was paid. A call coming in August of the same year for more men (nine months'), a bounty of two hundred dollars was offered, and those enlisting for three years received seven hundred dol lars. In September five thousand dollars were voted to pay the town's enlisting soldiers. In 1863, George H. Townsend was sent as representative. In 1865 one thousand dollars was expended in paying State aid to soldiers' families. In the same year Hollis Metcalf and others asked the town to lay out and widen the street now known as Pearl Street. The town refusing the prayer of the petition, the county commissioners granted the same, and charged the expense to the town. In 1866, William Fairbanks was elected to serve the district at the State-House, Of those persons from our town who served in the war of the Rebellion, the following names appear in the " Record of Massachusetts Volunteers," none ap pearing on the town books : George Swift. Eiisha H. Towne. Charles E. Burr. Patrick Gallagher. John Terlin. Peter McKeen. George L. Metcalf. John C. Metcalf. Edward J. Adams. Charles P. Hancock. Jarius Lawrence. Thomas McDowell. Willard 0. Freeman. George A. Richardson. Robert Poste. James Davis. Thomas D. Getchell. John V. Coombs. Amos R. Bent. Joseph Osgood. Pardon L. Crosby. Asa Pickering. Frederick Bates. Martin V. B. Cook. John J. Gertsell. Joseph Gertsell. Samuel D. Gregory. Handel Holbrook. Joseph W. Holbrook. Willis Whiting. James W. Pickering. Garrick F. Moore. Howard Carleton. A total of thirty-three. In 1872, Seneca Burr was chosen representative, and in 1875, Rev. Joseph T. Massey, pastor of the Baptist Church, was sent. In 1879, Hiram Whiting was empowered, and in 1882, Nathan A. Cook. In 1870, Bev. J. T. Massey was elected town clerk, and served ten years, Roland Hammond, M.D., being then chosen to the office on account of Mr. Massey resigning his pastorate and leaving the town, to spend the remainder of his life near his boyhood home in Virginia, where he has purchased the " Thomas Jefferson" estate. In April, 1882, Dr. Hammond tendered his resignation, and Arthur N. Whitney was appointed by the selectmen to serve out the unexpired term, and in 1883, Henry A. Whitney, the present incumbent, was elected. Having considered in chronological order the most important events in the town's past career, it may be advisable to look for a moment to its people, its facili ties, and its industries as they now exist. Our people, collectively considered, travel very little, and the pos terity of the early families to a great extent still reside within the town limits, and on the same homesteads occupied by their fathers. Few mechanical indus- BELLINGHAM. 155 tries have settled here ; still, those that have, find warm support on the part of the citizens. Perhaps because farming alone constitutes the chief industry of the town, this may serve as a reason why so many of our young men leave town on arriving at that period when it becomes necessary for them to strike out for themselves. By the last census the town had as its inhabitants 612 males and 635 females, a total of 1247. Of this number, 360 were ratable polls, 307 of whom were born in town, 24 were naturalized, and the re mainder persons coming in from other towns. There are 25 individuals following professional pursuits in town and out, and 26 are engaged in trade, 178 in farming, and 356 in manufacturing and mechanical industries, making a total of 1069, who are continually adding to the common stock. There are 11 foreign - born and 5 native-born who can neither read nor write. Of those citizens who have been and are specially prominent and beneficial to the town we may mention Stephen Metcalf, Stephen Metcalf, Jr., Noah Alden, Noah Arnold, Rev. Joseph T. Massey, Cornelius H. Cutler, William Fairbanks, Hiram W. Wbiting, E. Baron Stowe, Ruel F. Thayer, and Nathan A. Cook. The town is divided into localities, as follows : At the south end of the town, " Rake- ville" and " Scott Hill" ; west of and approximate to the town centre, " Crimpville" ; toward the north part of the town, " North Bellingham" ; and at the extreme north end, " Caryville," named from William H. Cary, formerly a resident, but now of Medway. Bellingham Centre has a post-office, with one mail per day from Boston. North Bellingham has a post- office, with two mails per day from Boston, and Cary ville also has a post-office, and besides having two mails per day to and from Boston, has one to Milford and one to Medway. Bellingham is in the form of a parallelogram, is nine miles long by two wide, and is bounded by Medway and Franklin on the north and east, the State of Rhode Island on the south, and the towns of Mendon and Milford on the west. The Charles River enters the town at South Milford, and flows through the town centre, North Bellingham, and Caryville. At the centre are two dams, one the property of Seneca Burr, who runs a saw- and grist mill ; the other, known as " the old red mill," is owned by the Rays, of Franklin, and is now used to grind rags, etc., for use at other mills. At North Belling ham the Ray Woollen Company has an extensive privilege for the manufacture of satinet cloth, and which was formerly run by Noah Arnold as a cotton- mill. Dr. Seth Arnold, of "Dr. Seth Arnold's am," formerly resided here with his relative. This privilege consists of two granite mills having eight sets of machinery and a capacity of three thousand yards per day. This mill is superintended by Hiram Whiting, Esq. One mile below on the river, and four miles from the centre, is the Caryville Mills, having a capacity of three thousand yards of satinet, as at North Bellingham. This privilege is owned by Taft, McKean & Co. (Moses Taft, William A. McKean, Addison E. Bullard), and was formerly run by William Cary, from whom the locality was named. Previous to the present company the con cern was run under the name of C. H. Cutler & Co., the latter firm coming into existence on the death of C. H. Cutler, five years ago. At Rakeville is an establishment where farm tools are made, and which business was established by Jerold 0. Wilcox, and is now carried on by his son, D. E. Wilcox. The main line of the New York and New England Rail road runs through the southeast portion of the town, and the station there is termed Rand's Crossing. The Woonsocket Division of the same road runs the entire length of the town, with stations at the centre, North Bellingham, and Caryville. The Milford, Franklin and Providence Railroad, just completed, runs across the town, and crosses the Woonsocket Division of the New York and New England Rail road at Bellingham Centre, and also has a station in town named South Milford, so, as will be observed, there are four stations in the town besides the junc tion at the centre. The passenger service is so ad justed that nearly every station in town can forward its traffic to and from Boston five times daily, the distance being about twenty-nine miles. In town there are five stores, four factories, three grist-mills, and seven saw-mills. Formerly there were four boot- and shoe-factories, producing over 225 twelve-pair cases per week, three of which establishments were at the town centre and the largest at Caryville. To the one at Caryville we now refer. This business was established in 1848 by E. & W. Fairbanks. In 1864 the latter bought out the former, and made within ten years two substantial additions thereto, so that ninety hands found employment in making boots for the Western trade. The annual production consisted of 7000 cases, in the making of which were consumed 125,000 pounds of sole leather, 350,- 000 feet of upper leather, 160 bushels of pegs, and 7500 pounds of nails. In the year 1874 the proprietor, William Fair banks, died, and, virtually, with his death the entire business became lost to the town. Immediately upon his decease the business was disposed of by his ex ecutor to Houghton, Coolidge & Co., of Boston, 156 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. who undertook its continuance, but discontent and dissatisfaction arising, on the night of the 25th of July following the entire factory was burned, with nothing saved, the whole entailing a pecuniary loss of nearly one hundred thousand dollars. Thus was lost to the town one of its most prolific sources of income, which has never been regained. In 1882 the Ray Woolen Company constructed a granite mill, which has in some measure atoned for this loss, and as the census of 1875 appears the best source of in formation, we give the condition of the town for that year, which is, in fact, substantially its present basis, excepting the boot and shoe industry, which does not exist with us in any capacity. We find in the entire town two hundred and fifty dwelling-houses occupied and seven vacant. With these we find three hundred and nineteen families, and for their use are one public school and three Sunday-school libraries, containing eleven hundred and seventy-five volumes. In addi tion to these, at the town clerk's office are one hundred and thirty-four volumes of " Massachu setts Reports," war records, and public documents. The amount of personal property in town is valued at $109,160; real estate, $418,808; the total val uation, $527,968 ; number of farms, 157 ; acres in farms, 8000 ; acres unimproved, 3000 ; value of farms and buildings, $361,639: total value of farm property, $430,156 ; woodland in acres, 1232 ; cul tivated land, 2331 ; number of horses, 185 ; cows, 300 ; total income from farm property, $94,017 ; capital invested in boot and shoe business, $25,000 ; product, $33,000 ; wages paid annually to laborers on boots and shoes, $175,000 ; stock used in manufac ture, $332,940 ; capital invested in factory for manu facturing farming tools, $2500 ; product, $18,000 ; sum invested in satinet cloth making, $150,000, pro ducing a valuation of $330,000. In town are 11 manufacturing establishments, 5 engines, and 5 water- wheels, with an aggregate of 405 horse-power and machinery to the value of $50,000; also 29,778 domestic animals, valued at $23,000.' The total amount of capital invested in town is $180,000, and this sum realizes annually $638,547. Quite a number of years ago, previous to the building of the Woonsocket Division Railroad, an iron-mine was dis covered in that tract of land known as " Cedar Swamp," and this mine was worked for several years. the ore being carried to Taunton and worked up into locomotives. For the last twenty-five years, however, nothing has been done with it. On the road leading from North Bellingham Station to what is called " Bellingham Four Corners" is a whetstone quarry, from which in the past quantities of the material have been put on the market, but this also has gone into disuse. At the centre of the town, in the triangle fronting the Baptist Church (Rev. Daniel A. Wade, pastor),* is a soldiers' monument measuring in height about fifteen feet, placed there by the citizens of Bellingham in commemoration of those who gave their lives in support of the national Constitution. At the present time there are but two churches in town, — the Centre Baptist, to which previous refer- once has been made, and the North Bellingham Bap tist, a short sketch of which is as follows : The North Bellingham Baptist Church1 is the outgrowth of an interest established here in 1847 as a society called the " North Bellingham Baptist So ciety," which worshiped in a chapel built for the purpose by Bates & Arnold, at that time prominent cotton-manufacturers in this town, and formally ded icated to the worship of God in September or October of that year, Rev. Dr. Granger, of Providence, R. I, preaching the dedication sermon. The society had no settled pastor for many years, but depended upon supplies from week to week, though with a few brief exceptions they have had uninterrupted preaching, the late Rev. Otis Converse, of Worcester, supplying them for upwards of a year at a time on three or four different occasions. They have always maintained a Sabbath-school, which is still in existence. On the 13th of October, 1867, a church was formed consisting of ten persons, as follows : William Hunter, of Goose River Church, Nova Scotia; Roswell Bent, of East Dedham Church ; Ann Bent, of First Baptist Church, Lowell ; Elizabeth Hunter, Mary Hunter, Jane Hunter, Barbara Hunter, of Goose River Church, Nova Scotia ; Rebecca Bemis, Matilda S. Murphy, of West Medway Church. At the same meeting the following persons were received as candidates for baptism, and it was fur-. thermore voted that they be considered as constituent members, viz., John B. Philips, Stephen F. Coombs, Hiram E. Hunter, Catherine Thomas, and Nancy S. Coombs. The first baptism occurred the following Sabbath, October 20th, when the foregoing persons. were baptized, Rev. Samuel Hill officiating. Since that time some seventy-five different persons have united with the church, forty-five of whom have been received on profession and the balance by letter. Of this number the church has lost fifteen by dismis sion to other churches, five by death, and four by ex clusion, leaving its present membership fifty-one. 1 By S. F. Coombs. BELLINGHAM. 157 It has had five deacons, viz., William Hunter, Justin E. Pond, George H. Greenwood, Charles 0. Drake, and Roswell Bent, which latter is the present incumbent. Stephen F. Coombs has been its clerk since its organization, with the exception of ten months, and was also superintendent of the Sabbath- school eleven years. About the middle of March, 1882, the church extended a unanimous call to Rev. Edwin D. Bowers, of Rockport, Mass., to become its pastor, which action was concurred in by the society a few days afterward, he accepting, and entered upon that relationship the 1st of April following, and so continues at the present time. Worship is still held in the chapel, which is large enough for all purposes, having been improved and beautified at different times as necessity demanded. Educational, — Readily appreciating the advan tages derived from a thorough education, our town has always gone to a deal of trouble and expense in pro viding proper schools, and the result is most gratifying. As a matter of fact, she entered upon this duty of intellectual culture soon after her incorporation, in 1719. On May 7, 1792, the town was divided into six districts, and in 1798 into seven, continuing later on into a division of nine. She began by appro priating fifty dollars to sessions held only in the win ter at private houses, and, of course, early observing the inconvenience of this method, in 1795 six hundred dollars was set off to the construction of a school- house in each district, but this amount being decidedly inadequate to the desired end, eleven hundred dollars more followed the same channel in two years there after. In 1793 fifty pounds was expended in school ing, and in 1796 the appropriation increased to three hundred dollars. Sitce that time the amount has been annually increased by small additions, until in the year 1882 the sum of two thousand one hundred and sixty-nine dollars and twenty-five cents was ex pended in educational work. The sum appropriated for each child between five and fifteen years of age amounts to nine dollars and thirty-five cents. The largest amount per pupil is expended by the town of Milton, which is twenty-six dollars and eighty-eight cents. The percentage of valuation expended for this work reduced to decimals is .0039, and sixteen out of the twenty-four towns in the county spend a less per centage of their valuation than does Bellingham, the town of Milton standing at the foot of the list. Our town has two hundred and thirty-two pupils, and the average attendance for 1882 was one hundred and ninety-one, or, in per cent., .8233. In 1883 the average attendance jumped from .8233 to .92, which, we believe, places the town number one in the county, as in 1882 the towns of Dedham and Randolph alone excelled her. Medway, our next- door neighbor, ranks number sixteen. In the county, the towns of Dover, Medfield, Norfolk, and Sharon have a less number of pupils than our own town. The superintendent's (Rev. D. A. Wade) report for 1883 shows a marked improvement over 1882, and subsequent years will no doubt excel each other, consecutively, in this work, so highly essential to com mon advancement and well-being. The annual meet ing of 1884 has entered upon the duty of reducing the number of school committees from nine to three, and no doubt in a very few years the number of schools will be reduced, and consequently those re maining be made larger, and this under the advice of the State Board of Education. In whatever else our town may have failed, she cannot be charged with having been asleep to the mental and moral worth of her children. . In addition to schools, our people are susceptible to the moulding influences of the press. For daily news we depend on Boston and also on the Woonsocket evening Reporter, an Associated Press sheet. For weekly news of other towns, as well as our own locals, we depend on the Milford Journal, Woonsocket Patriot, Franklin Sentinel, and Dedham Transcript, the last named having the court and county news. These papers constitute a constant source of reliable information, and meet with an increasing circulation among our citizens. Bellingham has two titles, which may or may not serve to cause a smile on the coun tenances of those who have been accustomed to hear them repeated for many years. The first is " Bel lingham Navy- Yard," and the second " Blue Jay Town." As to the first named, we cannot give its ori gin, but, sure enough it is, whoever coined it never lived to see it die, and from present indications I pre sume we never shall. As to the latter title, we must admit its force, for in truth the town is as full of blue jays as the annual town-meeting is full of independent ideas. As will be noticed by the reader of this arti cle, our town offers very low taxes and excellent busi ness facilities to new-comers. Situated, figuratively speaking, approximate to Boston and Providence, an excellent market is always open for the disposal of any production. Railroad-stations for passenger and freight traffic are located in each section of the town, and the larger towns beyond give us a much better railroad accommodation than is usually found in towns having ten times our own population. Excel lent water privileges exist, but, of course, in the present age of steam their value is much less than formerly. First-class roads and enough of them, pure 158 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. well-water and plenty of it, no license, together with other facilities and a desire on the part of the citizens to aid and assist, render to business men a rare oppor tunity for the establishment of mechanical industries, such as very few towns offer, and such as we believe will produce successful competition. If this article shall serve as a fortunate inducement, the writer will have been amply repaid for the time and labor spent in its compilation. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. AMOS HARRISON HOLBROOK. Amos Harrison Holbrook, son of Amos and Lucretia (Burr) Holbrook, was born Nov. 23, 1818, in the house where he now resides in the town of Bellingham (and which was also the birthplace of his father). Joseph Holbrook, the first settler on this place, came from Braintree before 1700, and the Bellingham branch has never changed its home. The line to Amos H. is Joseph (1), Jesse (2), Amariah (3), Amos (4), Amos H. (5). Joseph had sons, — Joseph, Jesse, Elijah, and David. The three lots he owned as proprietary lots were divided into four shares, the eldest's being a double portion, following the English manner of preference for the elder. Of these shares, Amos H. now owns three, all but that of the elder, and thus the land has been in the possession of the Holbrook family since its original occupation by the Indians. Joseph was a deacon of the church, and was one of the petitioners for the organization of the town of Bel lingham. He was a man of great energy and perse verance. When over sixty years old he rode horse back to New Jersey to engage a professor for Provi dence College on its establishment, and was on the road six weeks. Jesse was captain of the Belling ham company, and was ordered to Ticondero°-a in 1755, and did good service. He helped his son Amariah build the house now occupied by A. H. in 1780, and also in his old age was probably engaged with the patriot, or Continental, army in Rhode Island during the Revolution. He was prominent in town affairs and public business, was selectman in 1780, al ways a farmer, and served his day and generation well. He married a Thayer, and had two children, — Amariah and Jesse (2). He lived to a good old age, and, with his father and descendants, is buried in the cemetery at North Bellingham. Elijah lived on his portion, his house being about one hundred rods east of the old home, was also a farmer, was married before 1750 had four sons, who were all soldiers in the Revolution, After the war some of them settled in Virginia. Amir riah was born June 6, 1756. He went as a soldier in the Revolutionary war. During his service he returned home and married Molly Wright, of Wren. tham, now Franklin, born March 28, 1759, died Aug, 24, 1845. They had nine children, — Tryphena Na- hum, Amos, Amariah, Joel, Abigail, Nathan, Asa Lyman, — all of whom lived to advanced age, except Nathan, who died when about forty-five. Amariah (2) died Sept. 7, 1797. He served during the war in Rhode Island, Roxbury, Mass., and New Jersey, under Gen. Washington. He was paid off at expiration of ser vice in New Jersey with Continental money, and was unable to purchase a dinner with all of it. Had it not been for some silver he had in his possession pre viously, he would have fared badly before reaching his home in Bellingham. He engaged in farming on the homestead after the Revolution, held some town offices, was a man of sterling integrity, and held in great esteem by his fellow-citizens. Amos was born April 27, 1783, lived at home until he was four teen years old,*then went to West Medway to learn the blacksmith's trade, where he remained six years, He worked as journeyman about two years, then es tablished himself at Bellingham Four Corners fbraj few years. He married, Dec. 1, 1808, Lucretiaj daughter of Eiisha and Lucretia Burr, of Bellingham (an old New England family). She was born Oct, 12, 1787, died May 10, 1860. Their children were Whitman, born Jan. 29, 1811 ; Lucretia, born Aug. 20, 1815; Amos H. ; Almira, died young; Olive (Mrs. C. F. Cushman), born April 26, 1827. About the time of his marriage he moved to the old home stead, buying out the interests of his father's heirs, and passed his life there. He worked at his trade in connection with farming, and was many times chosen selectman, was a captain of the militia, highly esteemed for his sound sense and good judgment. He was a Democrat in politics. His death occured May 16, 1867. Amos S., the present occupant of the Holbrook farm, has been twice married, first to Nancy, daugh ter of David and Sally Adams, of Bellingham, Dec. 15, 1853. By this marriage he had two children, — Ha M. (deceased) and Nannie A. Mrs. Nancy Holbrook died Nov. 19, 1862, and he married, June 9, 1864, Mary J., daughter of Andrew and Margaret Burnham, of Medway. They had one child, M. Florence. Mrs. Mary J. Holbrook died when Florence was but four years old, March 3, 1869. She had enjoyed vigorous health, and on the day of her death she was cheerful ^MHMf' -EW '-iyAHFJJ-cMe f iW* iyAJIRiJxl-ile . r^^Z. L BELLINGHAM. 159 and happy, and visited friends half a mile distant ; while on the way she complained of severe pain in her head, and became unconscious ; in ten hours after she breathed her last. She possessed talents of a high order, and had a good academic education. Kind, con siderate, and dignified in all her social relations, she won the love and confidence of her associates. She was the light and joy of the domestic circle, — a de voted wife and faithful, loving mother. Her loss was deeply felt by all who had her acquaintance ; " None knew her but to love her.'' She was a member of the Baptist Church, and distinguished for Christian work. Mr. Holbrook had the advantage only of common school education, supplemented by attendance at high school in Bellingham and Franklin for a short "time. He has always resided on the old ancestral acres, has held various official positions, — town clerk for ten years, assessor, selectman for many years, — and in every po sition has ever been worthy of the universal respect and esteem with which the people, among whom he has always been resident, now hold him. He has never given a promissory note but once in his life, and that was to his brother in settlement of his father's estate, of whom they were the heirs. His politics have been Free-Soil, Whig, and Republican. He was chosen special county commissioner two terms, from 1865 to 1872, has frequently been sent to State and county conventions by his town. He is one of Bellingham's most substantial citizens, and one of the truly prosperous farmers, having in possession one hundred and eighty acres in Belling ham and Franklin. NATHAN A. COOK. Nathan A. Cook was born in Uxbridge, Mass., Sept. 14, 1823. He comes of good Puritanic stock, reaching back through the early settlement of New England to an English family of good repute. Walter Cook, the first American ancestor, was a resi dent of Weymouth, Mass., in 1643. The line of descent to Nahum runs thus : Walter (1), Walter (2), Nicholas (1), Nicholas (2), Ezekiel, Ziba, Nahum, Nathan A., which shows Nathan to be in the eighth generation. We can tell but little of the two Walters, but Nicholas (1) was one of the signers of the pe tition for the organization of Bellingham, which pre viously belonged to Dedham and Mendon. He was a very prominent man in town affairs. His will was made Oct. 10, 1778, and disposes of real estate at " Candlewood Hill." From Nicholas to Nathan all this family have been connected with affairs of note in town and with public office. Ziba was a farmer all his life, born and reared in Bellingham, and passed most of his days on Scott Hill. He married Joanna, daughter of Seth and Amy (Cook) Aldrich, and had six children, — Duty, Nahum, Ziba, Eunice, Joanna, Amy, — who all attained ma turity. He was a member of the Christian Church. He was born May 6, 1764, and died at Blackstone, July 15, 1840, aged seventy-six. His son Nahum was born in Bellingham March 28, 1796, married Sibil, daughter of Bazaliel and Jemima (Morse) Balcom, of Douglas, Mass., and settled in Uxbridge as a farmer. After a residence there of four years he returned to Bellingham, purchased the place where, with his son Nathan, he now resides. At one time he owned real estate in six towns. His children were Nathan A. and Amy A. Amy married Alvah Aldrich, of Belling ham ; had five children, — AJibert A., George E., Hattie A., Charles W., and Weston. She died Feb. 9, 1879. Mrs. Sibil Cook died June 26, 1858. Nahum and wife were for many years members of the Reformed Methodist Church. He has held various town offices during his life, and stands well in the regards of those who know him. He is of positive character, strict, stern, and straightforward. His " yea is yea, and his nay is nay," and dissimulation is unknown to him ; he came of good Democratic stock, and has al ways adhered tenaciously to their principles. At one election for member of Congress there was but one Democratic vote cast in town, and that was his. The printed ballots for some reason did not arrive, and Mr. Cook cut the printed ticket from his newspaper and deposited it. Although eighty-seven years old, he still attends town-meetings and elections. Nathan A. Cook was reared a farmer, and received his education at Franklin Academy and Holliston Academy. This last school was a noted institution, under the celebrated instructor " Master Rice." On account of failing health, Mr. Cook was compelled to return to country life. He taught winter terms of school seventeen consecutive winters, and was called, when member of school committee, several terms when teachers had failed. His home has been with his father during his whole life, with the exception of two years, and he has succeeded to the management of the ancestral acres, of which, in the towns of Bellingham and Blackstone, they have about one hundred and twenty-five acres. He married, March 28, 1845, Sena A., daughter of Stephen and Miranda (Cook) Cook. Their children were George E., who died at twelve years of age ; Nahum K, born Jan. 12, 1849 (he married Ellen R. Farrington, and is now a 160 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. merchant and deputy postmaster at Bellingham Centre) ; Irwin F., born Jan. 31, 1855, was educated at the academy at Woonsocket, R. I., and Business College, Providence, in which school he became a successful instructor. He afterwards taught in the public schools of Attleborough, and won high en- eomiums as a teacher. He sought the most difficult schools, and spared no exertions nor labor to bring them into perfect discipline. He was soon principal of the graded school of North Attleborough, and filled that position with marked success. His delicate physical nature, however, could not stand the labor which his indomitable will placed upon him, and he died of con sumption Sept. 22, 1880, keeping at work until within a very few days of his death. An Attleborough paper in noting his funeral says, " Mr. Cook was universally respected and beloved, and gained the love of his friends and pupils to an unusual degree. He was devoted heart and soul to his profession, having, as his highest aim, his greatest ambition, to be a good teacher. Long it will be ere his memory is forgotten.'' Nathan A. Cook has been much in public business. He has often been called upon to fill positions of honor, responsibility, and trust. He was appointed justice of the peace about thirty years ago, and has held that commission ever since. He is in his second term as trial justice. He has been selectman three terms, town treasurer, assessor, overseer of the poor, member of the school committee, superintendent of schools, collector of taxes, and, with Samuel Warner, of Wrentham, represents the Eighth District of Norfolk County in the State Legislature. To this office he was elected in 1882, receiving in his own town all of the votes cast but five. He is Republican in politics. He has done much probate business, settled many estates, is exact, methodical, and accurate, and is justly popular. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, an exhorter of that communion, and is clerk of the Quarterly Conference of the East Black stone Society. He is a member, also, of Montgomery Lodge, F. and A. M., Milford, Mass., joining it in 1862. CHAPTER XVI. FRANKLIN.1 Early History as Precinct — First Cession of Dedham Pur chase of Wrentham — The New Precinct — Church Organized- First Minister — Meeting-House — Church Music — Discords- Precinct Ministers — Revs. Haven, Barnum, Emmons Civil History — Move for a Town — Town History — Incorporation- Why named Franklin — Town Library — Topography— Maps — Indian Traditions — Revolutionary War — Sentiments in Town-Meeting — Soldiers' Second Meeting-House — Its Site Cost, Bell — Moved and Modernized— Interior Glimpse of Home Life — Military Affairs — Trainings and Musters The Poor — Burial-Grounds — Post-Offices — Temperance Early Industries. More than two hundred and forty years ago, when the forest-trees had withdrawn their shadows hardly the distance of an Indian's arrow-flight from Boston Common, the Puritan immigrants began to feel an impulse to " go West." Following rather than leading this impulse, the Governor and his court, in session at Newtowne, Sept. 2, 1635, ordered "that there shall be a plantation settled about two miles above the falls of Charles River, on the northeast side thereof, to have ground lying to it on both sides the river, both upland and meadow, to be laid out hereafter as the court shall direct." September 8th of the next year, 1636, this order was followed by another, naming the new settlement " Deddham," and this grant of territory was so large as to include what now forms thirteen towns and parts of four others. Twenty-four years passed away, and the new settlers so spread that in 1660 thirty- four of them bought of the Wampanoags six hundred acres of land still farther west for one hundred and sixty pounds. They adopted the Indian name of Wollomonopoag. Among their still familiar names were Anthony Fisher, Sargent Ellis, Robert Ware, James Thorp, Isaac Bullard, Samuel Fisher, Samuel Parker, John Farrington, Ralph Freeman, and Sargent Stevens. Oct. 16, 1673, a petition for the incorporation of Wollomonopoag as a town was presented to the Gen eral Court, and with, to us, astonishing promptness, was granted " the next day," — so say the colonial records. Thus Wrentham, the namesake of the English home of some of the settlers, took her place and name in history. The settlement increased so steadily that in 1718 it was divided into four school districts, each with a 1 Compiled from "Blake's History of Frankljn" and other sources, by Mrs. E. L. Morse. Copyright reserved. FRANKLIN. 161 three months' school. These afterwards became sub stantially the shoots of three substantial towns, the chief of which was Franklin, the others Norfolk and Bellingham. The next year (1719) the first precinct was set off and called Bellingham. After many petitions and refusals, Wrentham reluc tantly gave her consent, and, on the 23d of December, 1737, Governor Belcher with his signature cut off a second precinct, which in forty years grew into the town of Franklin. The New Precinct. — The first warrant to organ ize the new precinct was issued by Jonathan Ware, justice of the peace, and was addressed to Robert Pond, Daniel Hawes, David Jones, Daniel Thurston, and John Adams, five of the freeholders. The other petitioners were — David Pond, John Failes, Samuel Morse, Michael Wilson, Ezra Pond, Samuel Metcalf, Ebenr. Sheokelworth, Ebenr. Partridge, Thomas Man, Sr., John Smith, Eleazer Metcalf, Josiah Haws, Joseph Whiting, Eleazer Fisher, Simon Slocum, James New, Uriah Wilson, Edward Hall, Nathaniel Fisher, Samuel Partridge, Daniel Maccane, Baruch Pond, Nathaniel Fairbanks, Jonathan Wright, Benjamin Rockwood, John Richardson, Job Partridge, Thomas Rockwood, Robert Blake, John Fisher, David Lawrence, Jr., Eleazer Ware, Eleazer Metcalf, Jr., Ebenezer Lawrence, Michael Metcalf, Ebenezer Hunting, Edward Gay, Nathaniel Haws, Ebenr. Clark, David Darling, Ichabod Pond, Lineard Fisher, David Lawrence. In all, 48. The first meeting was held on the 16th of Janu ary, 1737-38, at twelve o'clock. The needful officers were chosen, and four days later, at a second meeting, they went to work with a will. First, they voted eighty pounds for preaching, and appointed a com mittee to secure it ; another committee was chosen to provide materials for a meeting-house in place of the small building heretofore provided, to be forty feet long, thirty-one wide, and twenty-feet posts. They also sent a request to Wrentham for the fulfillment of a promise, made them ten years before, that money paid by them, amounting to one hundred and thirty pounds eleven shillings, towards its meeting-house should be repaid to them. At first Wrentham re fused, but after four months' delay the request was granted. First Church and Minister. — Meantime, a church must be organized to occupy the new meeting-house 11 when built and listen to a minister yet to be called. Some twenty brethren, having secured letters from the mother-church at Wrentham, kept the 16th of February, 1738, "as a day of solemn fasting and prayer to implore the blessing of God and His direc tion in the settling of a church, and in order to the calling and settling of a gospel minister in said place." And on that day in a large assembly the covenant was read and accepted, and Rev. Mr. Baxter, of Med field, moderator, pronounced them a duly-organized church of our Lord Jesus Christ. Without any lis tening to miscellaneous candidates, they united upon their first selected preacher. On Nov. 8, 1738, Rev. Elias Haven was installed as the first pastor of the new church. The audience assembled, not in the meeting-house, as it was not yet built, but in a valley near its future site. After sixteen years of ministerial work, performed in physical weariness and pain, Rev. Mr. Haven died of consumption, and God gave him rest from his labors, Aug. 10, 1754, in his fortieth year. The stones placed by a remembering town over his grave in the old cemetery still stand, and the inscription thereon may be legible for years to come. The Meeting-House. — The precinct having an organized church, a settled minister and his salary provided, and materials ready for a church building, its next duty was to select a site whereon to build. This, as in the first settlement of all New England towns, must be at the centre of its territory ; for in those early days no house was permitted to be built above half a mile from the meeting-house without leave of the Court. At a meeting of the settlers, held the 7th of April, 1738, five men were sent into a corner " to Debate and Consider and Perfix upon a place for Building a Meeting-House on and bring it to the Precinct in one hour." Meanwhile, the rest spent that hour in voting and unvoting until they reached an apparent finality, — to set the house " at the most convenientest place on that acre of Land That was laid out By Thomas Man for the use of the West Inhabitants in said Precinct." But who shall decide where this "most convenientest place" is? Mr. Plimpton, " survair" of Medfield, is selected to bring his implements to bear on the solution, who reports for the west corner of Man's lot " as near as they conveniently can." But next year, May 9, 1739, a new question arises, whether this be in the exact centre of the precinct, and a new surveyor is called to this problem. He and his two chainmen are put under oath to honestly " survey the ground where the meeting-house shall shortly lie." May 23d he reports in writing as follows : 162 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. " To the Inhabitants of Wrentham Westerly Precinct. " Gent1 : — These may Inform you that I the Subscriber Have Been and Measured to find the Center of sa Precinct, Mess3. Decon Barber and Benj. Rockwood being chainman, and ac cording to what we find by Measuring on the Ground from the Northerly End to the Southerly End and from the Westerly Side to the Easterly Side of the Same I find the Center of s"1 Measur ing to be South westerly from the Present Meeting-house a little Beter than an Hundred Rods, where we Pitched a Stake and Made an heap of Stones. "Eleazer Fisher, Surveyor." The deed of one acre of land from Thomas Man was accepted Sept. 11, 1739, and was put for safe keeping into the care of Simeon Slocum. In the same month of September, another committee put seats in the barn-like building according to the tim ber provided, and " one lock and key and bolts and latches for the doors, and cants" for the gallery stairs, and also a foundation for the pulpit and pul pit stairs, and rails round the galleries, and made five "pillows," — a small number for a modern audience. The bills, presented March 3, 1740, show that the committees had been reasonably expeditious. The final cost of the meeting-house was £338 13s. 6d., as reported in October, 1741. The boys, too, were promptly at work, for in July, 1740, Capt. Fairbanks is directed to get the windows mended, and to prose cute the depredators. Pari passu with the meeting-house arose the " horse-houses," .whose long strings of successors afterwards made the Franklin Common so famous. They were all planted and grew on Thomas Man's acre. Among them were Richard Puffer's " small diner-house," and Isaac Heton and Dr. Jones had a "small noon-house." Of this oldest real meeting-house no picture or description is in existence. Some of the sashes, two feet square with five-inch panes of glass set diagonally in lead, were visible in an old house not many years ago, but of their present whereabouts, if they exist at all, no man now knoweth. The building stood on the slight hill north of the present Catholic Church, in a surrounding girth of dwarfish pitch-pines. It was guarded by platoons of horse-sheds and some small dinner-houses, where the forefathers of the hamlet shared their luhch and ex changed opinions, and the mothers nursed their in fants and compared news during the hour's noon in termission of the Sabbath service. This first house was used — subjected to occasional internal modifications as the congregation increased and the taste changed — until Oct. 12, 1789, forty- eight years from its completion. A committee was then chosen to sell the outgrown and aged building within twenty days, or to pull it down at their dis cretion. As there is no record of its sale, it was probably taken down. Next to the house and its minister comes The Church Music of "ye Olden Time."— The " Old Bay Psalm-Book" was used at first in all the colonial churches. A chorister started the tunes with a pitch-pipe, and the congregation, each in his own good time, — which might be faster or slower than the leader's, — followed on or hastened ahead. All sang the same part, and with an energy begotten of facing northeasters, felling forest-trees, and shout ing to tardy oxen winding among their stumps. No two sang alike, and the sounds were so grievous to the ears of the people that their distress found voice in a vote of the precinct, June 26, 1738, " To sing no other tunes than are Pricked Down in our former Psalm-Books which were Printed between Thirty and forty years Agoe, and To Sing Them as They are Prickt down in them as Near as they can." The older people remonstrated against this invasion of their liberties, but the precinct refused, in September, " to ease those that were inclined to sing the old way." Six months later, March 8, 1738-39, the church " voted to sing by rule, according to note," and chose Joseph Whiting to set the tunes in the church. Later in the same meeting some curious soul stirred up the brethren by the query, " What notice will the church take of one of the brethren's stricking into a pitch of the tune unusually raised February 18th?" For answer, another vote was recorded : " Whereas, our brother, David Pond, as several of our brethren, viz., David Jones, Ebenezer Hunting, Benj. Rock wood, Jr., Aaron Haws, and Michael Metcalf, apprehend, struck into a pitch of the tune on February 18th, in the public worship in the forenoon raised above what was set; after most of the congregation, as is thought, kept the pitch for three lines, and after our pastor had desired them that had raised it to fall to the pitch that was set to be suitable, decent or to that purpose ; the question was put, whether the church ap prehends this our brother David Pond's so doing to be disor derly ; and it passed in the affirmative, and David Pond is suspended until satisfaction is given." But David Pond froze over at this cold blast of reproof and suspension, and his musical thermometer went below zero, where it stayed for thirteen years. At last, Jan. 12, 1751-52, he melted into confession of error, and all discord was drowned in harmony. Another vote of the church on this subject is sig nificant. May 18, 1739, it was voted " triat the man that tunes the Psalm in the congregation be limited till further direction to some particular tunes, and the tunes limited are Canterbury, London, Windsor, St. David's, Cambridge, Short One Hundredth, and One Hundredth and Forty-eighth Psalm tunes ; and Benj. FRANKLIN. 163 Rockwood, Jr., to tune the psalm." Ten years' practice so wore upon these seven permitted tunes that, April 5, 1749, the church removed the limita tion and the hymns thereafter flowed smoothly on in many separate streams like the voice of many waters. All went musically, as between the tunes, for a time ; but on April 15, 1760, sprang up a war of rival hymn-books which lasted for five years, until the 4th of July, 1765, when it was decided by the victory of Dr. Watts' version of the psalms over the Old Bay Psalm-Book, and Tate and Brady's version of psalms and hymns. Dr. Watts remained in possession of the field for nearly ninety years, until the Puritan hymn- and tune-book, born in Mendon Association in 1858, raised him also onto the shelf of antiques. The Precinct Ministers. — Rev. Elias Haven, the first minister of the young church, after sixteen years of pastoral labor in failing health, through which he was tenderly helped by a loving people, died of con sumption in 1744, and was buried in the central cemetery of the town, where a stone still stands to his memory. Then came the trying experiences of hear ing candidates and selecting his successor. But they sat down patiently to scrutinize whomsoever came be fore them ; and the sitting, if not the patience, lasted for six years. One after another preached in review before them. Aaron Putnam, Joseph Haven, Stephen Holmes, Thomas Brooks, a Mr. Norton, Joseph Manning, to whom they said, " Stay with us," but he declined; Messrs. Parsons, Goodhue, Phillips, Payson, who also declined their call ; Jesse Root and Nathan Holt, who refused to stay ; John Eals, Mr. Gregory, and at last came Caleb Barnum, of Danbury, Conn. He, the fourteenth candidate, was urged to stay by one hundred and two votes, and was offered seventy pounds salary per annum, and one hundred and thirty-three pounds settlement as an additional motive. After several months of consideration, he finally accepted, and was settled June 4, 1760, and six years after the death of Mr. Haven. Rev. Caleb Barnum was the son of Thomas and Deborah, born in Danbury, June 30, 1737 ; gradu ated at Princeton, 1757, and received an A.M. in 1768 from both Princeton and Harvard. His brief pastorate of eight years was full of divers disturb ances, not the least of which was the hymn-book conflict already mentioned. Some differed also from bis opinions and beliefs as preached from the pulpit, and some left to attend Separatists' meetings, but the majority vindicated the pastor. The differences seemed to be more between the precinct and the church than in the church itself; but the minister Stood as a central figure between the two parties, and was attacked by both. His resignation was caused by these dissensions, and being made final, despite their reluctance to grant it, he was dismissed March 6, 1768. The next February he was installed over the First Congregational Church in Taunton. In 1775 he joined the army of the Revolution, and became chap lain of the Twenty-fourth Massachusetts Regiment, Col. John Greaton, then near Boston, Feb. 10, 1776. On the return of his regiment from Montreal he was taken sick at Ticonderoga, and discharged July 24, dying at Pittsfield, Aug. 23, 1776, aged thirty-nine. Once more the pulpit was empty, and again a pro cession of candidates appeared. One and another was called upon to stop, but each declined, and they all moved on. Then the people looked each upon his neighbor, and asked, " Why will no one stay with us?" The meeting-house, now thirty years old, and too small as well as growing old-fashioned (for there was even then a fashion for meeting-houses), was pondered upon as a possible obstacle. Therefore, in 1772, they chose five men to " consult upon the conveniences and inconveniences of enlarging and repairing their meeting-house, and to draw a plan thereof and report." Meanwhile, the committee of supply had in some way heard of a young graduate of Yale College who had preached in New York State, and was now among the New Hampshire hills. He was small in stature, with a thin, small voice, and he hesitated about appearing before a church containing two such vigorous and bellicose parties. But he came, Oc tober, 1769, and essayed to fill the vacant pulpit. So well did he supply their needs, and so thoroughly did they test him, that on Nov. 30, 1772, the church, by a vote of thirty-two out of thirty-four, invited him to become their pastor. Two weeks later the precinct heartily seconded their invitation, and April 21, 1773, Nathanael Emmons was settled as the third precinct minister. The service was held out of doors, like that of both of his predecessors, in the valley west of the present Catholic Church. The memory of Dr. Emmons' life and ministry is still bright in the town where he lived and labored for more than fifty years. His namesakes are found in many a family, and many a town and State, while anecdotes of him and his pithy apothegms are still current, and still bright as new coins, and more valu able for use. In one aspect Dr. Emmons has been and still is misrepresented. He was not curt, dogmatic, and repellent. He was not unsocial and austere to his 164 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. people, nor a bugbear to the young. He was affable, genial, and witty, and enjoyed a good joke as keenly as any. In the pulpit his clear-cut and logical sen tences sharpened the intellects of his hearers and made them alert, discriminating, and clear-headed thinkers, having settled opinions of their own. He ruled, therefore, only by always moving in the line of his people's intelligent convictions. They knew him to be simply following truth, and they had to follow bis guidance because he justified to them every step of his way. Dr. Emmons' active ministry continued about fifty- four years, from April 21, 1773, to May 28, 1827. Twice during this time, in 1781 and again in 1784, he became discouraged in his work and asked for a dis mission ; but his people unanimously refused to grant it. Before the close of 1784 a powerful revival added seventy to his church, quickened his weary spirit, and ended his discouragements. During his fifty-four years of work three hundred and eight were gathered into the church. But his slender physique could not forever second the strong spirit within, and in his eighty-third year he fainted in the pulpit while preaching a sermon from Acts ii. 37 (see " Emmons' Works," vol. vi., p. 688). He then knew that his earthly work was done, and a quiet waiting for the Master's call to " come up higher" was all that re mained to him here. His letter of resignation to his people is worthy of a place in this history for its loving simplicity : " Franklin, May 28, 1827. " To the members of the Church, and to the members of the Religious Society in this place. u Brethren and Friends : I have sustained the pastoral relation to you for more than fifty years, which is a long min isterial life. The decays of nature, and increasing infirmities of old age and my present feeble state of health, convince me that it is my duty to retire from the field of labor which I am no longer able to occupy to my own satisfaction nor to your benefit. I therefore take the liberty to inform you that I can no longer supply your pulpit and perform any ministerial labor among you ; and, at the same time, that I renounce all claims upon you for any future ministerial support, relying entirely on your wisdom and goodness to grant or not to grant any gra tuity to your aged servant during the residue of his life. "Nathanael Emmons." After thirteen years of patient waiting, he died Sept. 23, 1849, at nearly ninety-six. Dr. Emmons' funeral, Monday, September 28th, was attended by ministers and people from far and wide. It was the last service held in the old church which his voice had dedicated fifty-two years before. The next day the carpenters began their alterations. Dr. Emmons' dwelling-house stood on the north corner of the present Main and Emmons Streets. It was removed some years ago, and it now does duty as a tenement-house, as historic buildings are wont to do in our hurrying age. June 17, 1846, a granite monument, paid by a public subscription, was erected with public services near the centre of the Common, across which the venerable pastor had traveled to and from his church for more than half a century. An address was given in the church by Rev. M. Blake, and then the large company adjourned to the Common, where the dedicatory address was made by the then pastor, Rev. T. D. Southworth. These addresses were printed. A few years ago this monument was moved into a new part of the cemetery, out of public sight and contrary to the unalterable provision of the society which procured, located, and erected it on the Common. The ecclesiastical history of the precinct, which in those early years was practically identical with its civil record, here practically ends. Precinct Civic History. — In 1740-42 move ments were made in the precinct to petition Wren tham for leave to become a town by themselves ; but lack of maternal sympathy quieted them till March 4, 1754, when a petition was actually presented to and refused by Wrentham. Discouraged by this rebuff, and absorbed in the political events which preceded the Revolution, the people postponed fur ther action, and continued to journey to Wrentham to vote or stayed at home. But the question soon came up again in earnest. War meetings became more frequent and important, and the ride of five to eight miles to Wrentham so often was wearisome for man and horse. The population of the precinct had also increased, and was fully large enough to justify a separation. Therefore, Dec. 29, 1777, another petition was addressed to Wrentham " for liberty to be set off into a district township, according to grant of court that they were at first incorporated into a precinct, with a part of said town's money and stocks. Deacon Jabez Fisher, Esq., Jonathan Metcalf, Samuel Lethbridge, Asa Whiting, Dr. John Metcalf, Joseph Hawes, and Capt. John Boyd, chief men of the precinct, are put in charge of the matter." In re sponse to this petition, Wrentham sent nine men as a joint committee to consider the matter. February 21st they reported that " said inhabitants be set off as a separate township by themselves." The process of division was speedily begun. It involved many and complicated matters of importance. The men already raised as the whole town's quota for the Continental army were proportionately accredited to each section. Firearms and military stores were also similarly FRANKLIN. 165 divided. The salt allowed by the General Court and all other properties were duly adjusted. Even of the five solitary paupers dependent upon the whole town, two were assigned to the forthcoming town. All preliminaries being thus arranged, another com mittee was elected to present their petition to the General Court. The charter of incorporation, granted in answer to this petition, appears among the acts of 1778, and is dated in the House of Representatives, February 27th, and in the Council, March 2d. It is as follows : " State of Massachusetts Bay. "In the year of our Lord 1778. "An Act incorporating the Westerly Part of the Town of Wrentham in the County of Suffolk into a Town by the name of Franklin. "Whereas, the Inhabitants of the Westerly part of the town of Wrentham in the County of Suffolk have Represented to this Court the Difficulties they Labor under in their present situation, and apprehending themselves of sufficient Numbers k Ability, request that they may be incorporated into a sepa rate Town. "Be it Therefore Enacted By the Council & House of Rep resentatives in General Court Assembled & by the Authority of the same, That the Westerly part of said Town of Wrentham separated by a line, as follows, viz., Beginning at Charles River, where Medfield line comes to said river; thence running south seventeen degrees and an half West until it comes to one rod East of ye Dwelling-House of William Man; thence a strait line to the eastwardly corner of Asa Whiting's barn; thence a strait line to sixty rods due south of the old cellar where the Dwelling-House of Ebenezer Healy formerly stood; thence a Due West Cource by the Needle to Bellingham line, said Bellingham line to be the West Bounds and Charles River the Northerly Bounds, Be and hereby is incorporated into a Distinct and separate Town by the name of Franklin, and invested with all the powers, Privileges, and immunities that Towns in this State do or may enjoy. And be it further enacted, by the authority aforesaid, That the inhabitants of said Town of Franklin shall pay their proportion of all State, County, and Town charges already granted to be raised in the Town of Wrentham and also their proportion of the pay of the Representatives for the present year ; and the said Town of Wrentham and Town of Franklin shall be severally held punc tually to stand by & perform to each other the Terms & proposals Contained and Expressed in a vote of the Town of Wrentham passed at Publick Town-meeting the sixteenth Day of Feb ruary, 1778, acc«rding to ye plain and obvious meaning there of; and Be it also Enacted by ye authority aforesaid, That Jabez Fisher, Esq., Be & he hereby is authorized & required to issue his warrant to one of the principal inhabitants of said Town of Franklin, authorizing & requiring him to Notifie and warn the Freeholders & other inhabitants of said Town to meet together at such time and place as shall be expressed in said warrant, To choose such officers as Towns are authorized by Law to Choose, and Transact other such Lawfull matters as shall be expressed in said warrant. And be it further enacted, That the inhabitants living within ye Bounds aforesaid who in the Late Tax in the Town of Wrentham were rated one-half part so much for their Estates and Faculties as for one single Poll shall be taken and Holden to be Qualified and be allowed to Vote in their first Meeting for the Choice of officers and such other meetings as may be Called in said Town of Franklin untill a valuation of Estates shall be made by Assessors there. "In tiie House op Rkpresf.ntativks. "Feb. 27, 1778. " This Bill having been read three several times, passed to be engrossed. Sent up for Concurrence. "J.Warren Syke. "In Council. "March 2d, 1778. " This Bill, having had two several Readings, passed a Con currence, to be engrossed. "Jno. Avery, Dpy. Secy." In the original draft of the charter, as preserved in ,the State archives, the name of the new town is written as Exeter. Why its name was first written Exeter is a conundrum, whose answer is inaudible among the echoes of the past. Why it was changed to Franklin is apparent. After the Declaration of Independence in -1776, Benjamin Franklin with two others was sent forthwith to France, to arrange for a treaty of alliance with Louis XVI. The king dallied with the ambassadors until the close of 1777, when the capture of Burgoyne settled his doubts, and a treaty of amity and commerce was formed with them in January, 1778. News of their success reached this country while the petition of the new town was waiting decision. The charter was doubtless amended in honor of that event, and Exeter was changed for the honored name of Franklin, the first of the twenty-nine towns in our States who have since fol lowed her example in calling themselves by the same name. Dr. Franklin showed his appreciation of the com pliment by sending the town a valuable library of one hundred and sixteen volumes, selected by Rev. Richard Price, of London, a strong friend of Franklin's and of American liberty. Of these, mostly folio volumes, the most secular and sensational was " The Life of Baron Trench." These one hundred and sixteen seed volumes were subsequently increased by a social library to some five hundred, and have since multiplied to three thousand or more, constituting the present Public Library, for which maintenance annual grants of money are made by the town. Topography. — rFranklin, in the limits of its orig inal charter, included 17,602J acres, or 27.6 square miles ; lying longer north and south than its width east and west. It is twenty-seven and a quarter miles southwesterly from Boston by the New York and New England Railroad. The earliest map of the territory of Franklin was made in 1735, by Samuel Brooks, surveyor, and is kept in the town office of Wrentham. It contains only the four ponds, Uncas, Beaver, Popolatic, and Long, two or three short streets, and the names of the 166 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. first settlers. The outline of the West Precinct is dotted within it, and follows nearly the present boun daries of Franklin. A later map is in the archives of the State-House at Boston, and is dated May 27, 1795. It was from surveys made by Amos Hawes and Moses Fisher in September, October, and- November, 1794. Nov. 2, 1795, the selectmen were directed to have another map of the town drawn on parchment, but if this was done the map cannot now be found. In 1832 a map of the town was surveyed by John G. Hales and lithographed, in compliance with an act passed by the State Legislature in 1830. No survey^ has been made since by the town. Charles River forms its northern boundary and re ceives 'the overflow of the ponds that lie, like bits of broken mirrors, among its hills. Chief of these ponds are Beaver, Uncas, Popolatic, and Kingsbury's, with their outlets of Mine Brook, and Stop, or Mill River, drawing their surplus waters through Charles River into Massachusetts Bay and the sea. The geological formation of the town is sienitic, though very few ledges of rock appear on the surface. Traces of lime stone have been found, and a deposit of amethysts, now exhausted. Green meadows, deep, shady valleys, and sunny hills make the natural scenery of Franklin beautiful. It is one of the highest towns in the county, and from some of its elevated highways the blue hills of Milton and the round head of Mount Wachusett, in Princeton, are visible. Its own hills and rocks have retained but few tra ditions of their aboriginal owners and their deeds. Yet Indian Rock still records the story of the forty- two of King Philip's warriors, who stopped for a night and laid themselves down to sleep around its base. They had been on the war-path to Medfield, burning the houses of its settlers, and were on their way back to Narragansett. It is said a man named Rocket, in searching for a lost horse, found their trail, which he followed till he saw them asleep at Indian Rock. He hastened back to the settlement, and before daylight he was back again, with a dozen men in command of Capt. Robert Ware, to watch and take care of the sleeping murderers. When the Indians arose at day light a dozen bullets quickly found their mark. Their punishment was so swift and fatal that only one or two escaped to tell others of the steady and sure aim of the white man. Hence came the name of the ledge, which still rears its monumental head above the trees some five hundred yards east of the Common. The Fourth of July, 1823, was celebrated on this rock, and its stony breast is still marked with the graven initials of the managers of that celebration. They then proposed erecting a commemorative monu- I ment on the site, but Franklin did not care to revive such tragic memories, and the trees have now hidden even the path to Indian Rock. Uncas Pond also holds the tradition that the wily Mohegan sachem, in some of his campaigns with the Pequots in this region, made the shores of this pond one of his occasional haunts, and the early settlers at tached his name to the wood-sheltered sheet of water as a memento of the fact. But the settlement was too insignificant at the time of the Indian war to at tract any massacres or conflagrations as befell its neigh bors, Medfield and Wrentham, and it has to be content without its legends of savage warfare. The Revolution. — The young town took her stand courageously beside her older sisters in the troublous times of the colonies. Instead of the horn of Ceres, she must grasp for a while the sword of Mars. Many of her men had been enrolled two years before among the five companies of minute-men formed within the whole town of Wrentham. Some of her inhabitants were among those who, on the first alarm from Con cord, " marched from Wrentham on the nineteenth of April (1775) in the Colonial service." The ex igencies of the Revolution demanded many town- meetings. Thirty-one were held in the five years between January, 1773, and Feb. 16, 1778, this being the last before the separation of Franklin from Wrentham. At one of these meetings, held at Wrentham June 5, 1776, one day less than a month before the Dec laration of Independence, a paper of instructions to their representatives to the General Court was, "after being several times distinctly read and considered by the town, unanimously voted in the affirmative with out even one dissentient." This paper is inserted as a sample voice of the times, indicating the clear and decided convictions of that day, and the hopelessness of attempting to dragoon such study yeomanry into duty : " Gentlemen, — We, your constituents in full town-meeting, June 5, 1776, give you the following instructions: Whereas, Tyranny and oppression, a little more than one century and a half ago, obliged our forefathers to quit their peaceful habita tions and seek an asylum in this distant land, amid an howling wilderness surrounded with savage enemies, destitute of almost every convenience of life was their unhappy situation; but such was their zeal for the common rights of mankind that they (under the smile of Divine Providence) surmounted every difficulty, and in a little time were in the exercise of civil gov ernment under a charter of the crown of Great Britain. But after some years had passed and the Colonies had beconie of some importance, new troubles began to arise. The same spirit which caused them to leave their native land still pursued them, joined by designing men among themselves. Letters began to be wrote against the government and the first charter soon after destroyed. In this situation some years passed be- FRANKLIN. 167 fore another charter could be obtained, and although many of the gifts and privileges of the first charter were abridged by the last, yet in that situation the government has been tolera bly quiet until about the year 1763, since which the same spirit of oppression has risen up. Letters by divers ill- minded per sons have been wrote against the government (in consequence of which divers acts of the British Parliament made, mutilat ing and destroying the charter, and wholly subversive of the constitution) ; fleets and armies have been sent to enforce them, and at length a civil war has commenced, and the sword is drawn in our land, and the whole united colonies involved in one common cause; the repeated and humble petitions of the good people of these colonies have been wantonly rejected with disdain ; the prince we once adored has now commissioned the instruments of his hostile oppression to lay waste our dwellings with fire and sword, to rob us of our property, and wantonly to stain the land with the blood of its innocent inhabitants; he has entered into treaties with the most cruel nations to hire an army of foreign mercenaries to subjugate the colonies to his cruel and arbitrary purposes. In short, all hope of an accom modation is entirely at an end, a reconciliation as dangerous as it is absurd; a recollection of past injuries will naturally keep alive and kindle the flames of jealousy. We, your con stituents, therefore think that to be subject or dependent on the crown of Great Britain would not only be impracticable, but unsafe to the State. The inhabitants of this town, therefore, in fall town-meeting, unanimously instruct and direct you (i.e., the representatives) to give your vote that, if the Honorable American Congress (in whom we place the highest confidence under God) should think it necessary for the safety of the United Colonies to declare them independent of Great Britain, that we, your constituents, with our lives and fortunes will most oheerfully support them in the measure." Sept. 15, 1774, soon after the encampment of Gen. Gage on Boston Common, Wrentham voted to buy two cannon " of the size and bigness most proper and beneficial for the town," and ordered them to be made fit for action. Ammunition was also bought, and men were armed and trained in military exercise. The last vote of the whole town touching the war previous to the incorporation of Franklin, Feb. 16, 1778, was the acceptance of a committee's report, that the full quota of the town, " being the full seventh part of the male inhabitants of the town," had been secured. The First Meeting of the town of Franklin was called by Jabez Fisher, justice of the peace, and was held Monday, March 23, 1778, at 9 o'clock, a.m. The requisite town officers were chosen. They were Asa Pond, town clerk ; Asa Whiting, treasurer ; Samuel Lethbridge, Deacon Jonathan Metcalf, Asa Whiting, Hezekiah Fisher, Ensign Joseph Hawes, selectmen ; and Ensign Hawes was representative to the General Court. The Committee of Correspondence, who looked after the affairs of the war, were Capt. John Boyd, Deacon Daniel Thurston, Lieut. Ebenezer Dean, Capt. Thomas Bacon. After adjournment they meditated for a month upon the new State Con stitution, preparatory to an intelligent and wise de cision. Money as well as men were furnished often and heartily, and the town bore with marked una nimity the heavy expenses of the Revolution as well as the depreciation of the currency as their home part of the price paid for liberty. The depreciation of money was rapid and severe in its results upon values. In July, 1781, the ratio of paper to silver was as one to forty ; in September of the same year, one to one hundred and fifty. In the following February the town paid £400 for ten shirts to Deacon Joseph Whiting, who, of course, would not overcharge. The patriotic little town looked sharply after its home enemies. It voted to report all Tories to the proper court. It directed the soldiers' families to be " supplied with the necessaries of life at a stipulated price at the town's cost." They voted not to deal commercially with any who did not conform to the scale of prices recommended by the Concord conven tion of 1779. They furnished their quota of beef for the army — thirty-three thousand nine hundred and eight pounds — in eighteen months, taking almost the cattle on a thousand hills. They voted in 1779 — when the money credit of the government was rapidly sinking — that all who had money to lend, should " avoid lending to Monopolizers, Jobbers, Harpies, Forestalled, and Tories, with as much caution as they avoid a pestilence," and rather to lend to the Continental and State treasuries. There was the irrepressible spirit of liberty here. Franklin has not preserved any muster-rolls or other data to make up a list of its soldiers in the Revolutionary war. From the muster-rolls of Wren tham preserved in the archives of the State one can select the residents of Franklin proper only by simi larity of name. But an examination of these rolls shows that they do not include all who should be on them, for the names of many men whose military record is known from other sources are not on the lists. Of the five companies of Wrentham, under the command of Capts. Oliver Pond, Benjamin Hawes, Samuel Kollock, Elijah Pond, and Asa Fair banks, the last two of the companies were mostly of Franklin names, as follows : Asa Fairbanks, captain. Joseph Woodward, lieutenant Joseph Haws, James Gilmore, sergeant. Joseph Hills, David Wood, corporal. Peter Adams, private. John Clark, Capt. Asa. Fairbanks' Company. Asa Metcalf, Matthias Haws, John Fairbank, private. Joseph Streeter, John Adams, Nathan Wight, Philemon Metcalf, Asa Whiting, 168 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. Jesse Ware, Peltiah Fisher, Isaac Heaton, Peter Fisher, Eiisha Harding, Levi Chaffee, William Sayles, James Smith, Joseph Harding, William Gilmore, Ichabod Dean, private. Abijah Allen, private. Jonathan Hawes, " John Pearce, Will Man, " Ebenezer Dean, " Matthew Smith, " Asahel Perry, John Clark, Jr., " Joseph Hills, Aaron Fisher, Joseph Guild, Capt. Elijah Pond's Company. Elijah Pond, captain. Benjamin Pond, Asa Pond, lieutenant. Jonathan Bowditch, 2nd lieu tenant. Robert Blake, sergeant. Timothy Pond, " Duke Williams, corporal. Samuel Pond, " Amos Bacon, drummer. Nathan Daniels, clerk. Eiisha Rockwood, private. Abijah Thurston, " Robert Pond, Zepha Lane, Eleaz. Partridge, Joseph Ellis, private. Timothy Rockwood, " Elias Ware, " Eiisha Bullard, " Daniel Thurston, " Nathaniel Thayer, " Peter Darling, " Simeon Fisher, Eiisha Partridge, " Simeon Daniels, " John Allen, " James Fisher, John Metcalf, " Eiisha Pond, " John Richardson, " Eiisha Richardson, " In Capt. Cowell's company, of Col. Benjamin Hawes' regiment, sent on a secret expedition, 23d of September, 1777, occur the names of Michael and Timothy Metcalf and Benjamin Rockwood, Frank lin men. There were at least seventeen Ponds that flowed from Franklin into the American army and are not recorded. One, Eiisha Pond, escaped one night from the old Sugar-House at New York, where he had been imprisoned and nearly starved by the British. Another Pond, Pennel, " died Dec. 16, 17 — , in York harbor on board a guard-ship, supposed to be poisoned by ye British doctors." So his only record says, writ ten in stone in the City Mills graveyard. Philip Blake was blacksmith and commissary to a portion of the American army on Dorchester Heights, and was afterwards in Sullivan's retreat on Rhode Island, but his name is not on any roll. Some of the lists must have been lost. John Newton, an English soldier, impressed on board a British man-of-war, escaped from his ship in Boston harbor by swimming three miles on a dark and stormy night. He reached the shore too exhausted to walk or stand ; but when rested, he fled towards Dedham. He was met on the way and was asked, "Who are you?" He only answered, " John — going !" and he went on, beyond curious querists, until he reached Franklin. His first as sumed American name he kept, and his descendants still live in Franklin with the name modernized into Gowen. John Adams, ancestor of the Adams family, i' was also a victim of English impressment who foundf: a home among the Franklin patriots. David Lane,i;1 afterwards called McLane, and a native of Attle-tt! borough, came to Franklin, and married a wife in ' 1786. Ten years after he started for Canada as gen-*8 eral of a secret project, said to be originated by thef French minster to this country, to incite the Canadians to revolt against Great Britain, and thus to aid the,!: United States. McLane's directions were to raised men in Quebec and seize the garrison and then cap- J ture the city. But McLane was betrayed by one of - his men and taken as a spy. He was publicly - executed on the glacis outside the city walls of > Quebec, — the last and probably the only instance in America of the ancient brutal mode of hanging, drawing, and quartering a traitor. McLane was, with out doubt, more an unhappy lunatic than a criminal. But the spirit of those days was full of animosity and cruelty. The later wars of the Republic will find mention farther on. The Second Meeting-House. — The war was at last ended, and the country had won for itself inde pendence, and settled down to repair damages. The old town question soon presented itself again, — whether to repair the house of worship or build anew. There were evidently two opinions in the town, for April 26, 1784, two hundred pounds were voted to buy material for a new building. But October 3d of the next year the opposition carried the day, and the constable was ordered " to pay back the money col lected for the meeting-house and return the tax-bill into the town clerk's office, and that the town clerk pull off the seal of the warrants and write on the back that they are null and void ;" and secondly, " that a committee view the meeting-house and report what is best to be done to repair it." As a result, £6 2s. 10d were spent in patching the shingles, sup plying glass to the upper windows, and boarding up the lower. But this putting of new cloth upon the old garment was an economy of short duration. A new meeting-house became more and more a visible necessity. One question towards it had been settled January, 1784, in regard to the fixedness of the centre of Franklin. Two surveyors and three chainmen had, at a cost of £26 3s. id. (of which £1 12s. lid was for " lickquer"), discovered that " forty-seven rods from the centre of tho west door of the meeting-house where it now stands" was the same unmoved centre found fifty years ago near the same Morse's mud- pond. On Dec. 17, 1787, Deacon Samuel Lethbridge, Asa FRANKLIN. 169 4eM.,..-~ main aisle, afterwards exchanged for narrow pews. The frame still lives, unaltered in size, within a new * rite for the new building than the Thomas Mann's j covering. The building was carried on with characteristic energy and finished in July, 1788, seven months from the acceptance of the plan. The cost, as ren dered by the committee to the town, March 7, 1791, was as follows : £ s. d. f. Lumber at Boston 57 19 3 0 Carting from Boston 16 19 3 0 sugar, molasses, and 'Whiting, and Ensign Joseph Whiting presented the juj, "'"'following report which was accepted,, and a larger , 'acre was bought: , ™i»" ('We have agreed with Mr. John Adams for the .*i:. wedge of land lying between the way from the meet- . 'iing-house leading to the Rev. Nathanael Emmons Vand the way from the said meeting-house to Ensign . *',!-John Adams', being nine acres, at £1 10s. per acre; ,fB' also thirty-eight rods of land west of said way at the 'same rate ; also one and a half acres in the hollow •™'l south of the old meeting-house at three pounds. And "fof Nathaniel Adams one hundred and forty rods of "J^and east of the way from said meeting-house leading *"|i8;t0 Mr. Emmons at the rate of £1 10s. per acre. Also •Mi! fa road three rods wide through his improved land, *I*'ti beginning at the road from John Adams', Jr., to go a me tlrni i q straight course between his house and well to the •"Mr land above mentioned, for which he is to receive as a k;ai satisfaction eight pounds in money and the acre of land on which the meeting-house now stands, with -linn the road that is now wanted, in by his house, to said i'.i:>-': acre." '¦irks Two years later (1789) fifty-nine and a half rods a'aii-it' lying north of the new meeting-house were bought t£k-i. i at sixpence per rod. This lot completed the nine k Bull! acres, of which the present Franklin Common was inewlti a part. This land, when first bought, was covered ;0mb'i with a dense growth of pitch-pines, standing with H-fcr. their feet firmly planted among small bowlders. It ^ijbe' cost sixty dollars and ninety-one cents to clear this mt untamed spot and cover it with grass. Three sides hat tiw tn °f ^is wedge-shaped nine acres were afterwards gjujki; trimmed with slender Lombardy poplars. They |." j f were planted April 6, 1801, by William Adams, B_iijgp|j according to a previous vote of the town. Some :," iii! twenty years afterwards the south end of the Com- fctfefei m0u was sold f°r building sites, and on the centre lot Dr. Amory Hunting built a house in front of the old gun-house, since removed. After the meeting-house had been moved to its present site and reversed, the town bought the Common of the parish and com mitted it to the care of a voluntary association. This jc; association has bordered it with hardy trees, crossed ^ it with walks, and surrounded it with a durable fence. q\ A plan for the new meeting-house was presented \" p by a committee of thirteen, and accepted by the ' ' " i town December, 1787. Its dimensions were as fol- *'' i, lows : Sixty-two feet long and forty wide, with a porch 0 u at each end fourteen feet square. It had fifty-nine "' . ,f pews on the floor and twenty-one in the gallery, be- 1 : ' sides the singers' and boys' seats. The centre of the ,fc) house had at first long benches on each side of the oitfa* id*!'8 Rum lemons at Boston Lickyuers bought at home Cost of raising the house Nails and other iron-ware at Boston Nails and other iron-ware at home Painting, tarring, and glazing Boards, clapboards, and shin gles at home 33 Plastering and whitewashing 18 Underpinning the house 26 Boarding the workmen 81 Carpenters' work 2?3 Door - stones and paving round the house 25 Window- weights 5 Cost of the curtain (behind the pulpit) 3 12 3 26 15 25 73 7 5 0 Expenses of the committee. lV,i 15 6 5 4 12 14 0 1 IS 7 3 Total £726 DOMATIONS. Hezekiah Fisher, to purchase £ s. d. f. the glass 29 4 i 3 Nathaniel Thayer 2 10 7 3 Jonathan Wales 1 16 0 0 Josiah Hawes 14 3 0 0 Nathan Man 1 3 6 1 d. f. 4 2 (So added in the original) £ 35 8 8 3 £ s. d. f. Total of class-tax 293 17 1 1 Received from sale of pews... 622 11 0 0 Interest on securities for pews. 13 17 6 0 From the old house 13 12 6 0 £943 18 1 1 Total cost of meeting-house, £1054 9 2 1 Or, at the then value of paper currency, $3514.86. This bill was not accepted as readily as the plan had been ; but examination of the charges by an auditing committee, March 10, 1794, showed that £18 5s. 5d. more were due to the committee than they had charged. The honest town voted that this balance should be paid, with interest for four years, and receipts in full were exchanged. The bill probably included the cost of preparing the land. In 1806 the east porch was raised into a belfry to re ceive a clock and bell, which bad been given to the parish, costing seven hundred and forty-five dollars. The bell has never told the name of the giver, nor the clock-hands pointed to the time or place of its record, and none of the living know the generous donor or donors. 170 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. In 1830, while workmen were painting the belfry, they spattered the bell, whereon some bright genius among them, thinking to better the matter, painted the luckless bell all over. Under this covering the voice of the bell was almost silenced, — it was supposed forever. It was thereupon sent to the foundry at East Medway in exchange for a heavier one. The dumb bell came forth from the fiery furnace freed from the smothering paint and musically toned as ever. It now tells the people of Paxton the times of public assemblings. The second house was used for fifty-two years, when it was moved about eighty feet directly north, and turned a quarter round, with its belfry towards the south. The old square pews were exchanged for modern slips, and all the congregation were seated in platoons with their faces toward the pulpit. In 1856 the interior walls were frescoed. Upon the completion of the third and present Con gregational meeting-house, the second, which was in its turn the old, was sold and deeded, through Davis Thayer, Jr., to J. L. Fitzpatrick, and by him trans ferred to the Right Rev. J. J. Williams, now arch bishop of Boston, for the use of the Catholic congre gation. The last sermon in it before its sale was preached by Rev. Luther Keene, the pastor, in which he stated that in its eighty-four years of service there had been 8736 Sabbath sermons preached from its pulpit, which had been in the charge of 13 ministers ; 900 infants received the rite of baptism ; and unnum bered dead reposed in it while the last services for them were being held before burial. Before the doors of the old sanctuary are closed after the last service held in it before its alteration in 1840 (which was the funeral of Dr. Emmons), let us reproduce its interior as described by one who re members it well : " What picture can produce its interior ! Its high box pulpit and impending sound ing-board, hung by a single iron rod an inch square ; the two pegs on each side of the pulpit window, on one of which sometimes hung the old pastor's blue- black cloak, and on the other always his three-cor nered clerical hat ! By no means omit the short little preacher in the pulpit, with clear, sharp eyes, bald, shining head, small, penetrating voice, and manuscript gesture ; the square pews, seated on four sides, with a drop-seat across the narrow door, and the straight, cushioned chair in the centre for the grandmother, filled every one with sedate faces over which gray hairs usually predominated. The open space before and below the pulpit, where in winter a massive wood stove reared its iron head and opened its square mouth to be filled morning and at noon with blocks of hard wood big enough to hold fire through the following services, and keep the circle of old men who sat around it in a sleepy warmth while the unfortunate sitters in the outer corners shivered with cold. To it at noon came the mothers bringing their small tin hand-stoves, with perforated sides and an iron box within to . hold live coals, for a fresh supply to keep their feet warm through the afternoon service. The long balustrades hemming the side galleries were crowned with hats against the two stairways, which a puff of wind from the open porch-doors sometimes sent scattering down upon the uncovered heads below. The singers' seats filled the long gallery fronting the pulpit, in which nothing louder than a wooden pitch-pipe for years dared to utter a note. But about 1825 a singing-school timidly prepared the way for a violin, which soon introduced a bass-viol for the support of itself and the new singers. The boys had seats in the south west elbow of the gallery, each boy with one eye on the tithing-man sitting high up in the northwest cor ner pew and the other eye wandering or asleep, while both ears were enviously open to the neighing of the horses in the hundred horse-sheds and the twitter of birds in the Lombardy poplars near by." Not only was the irrepressible boy from the first looked after by the tithing-man, chosen " to take eare of ye children, to prevent their playing in meeting," but in May, 1791, another duty was laid upon these same officers. " May, 1791, on complaint that divers persons have from time to time behaved in a very unbe coming manner by standing in the porches of the meet ing- house of this town on the Lord's Day, and other wise conducting in a manner not only inconsistent with the purpose for which they professedly assemble, but highly unbecoming a person of good breeding or the character of a gentleman : Voted, that such conduct ought to be highly reprobated and discountenanced by every sober man, and they will hold them as scan dalous and infamous persons ; and the tithing-men are to take their names and publicly expose them next town-meeting, and post up this vote and the names of all future offenders." Absentees had to justify themselves for their absence. Even after the congregation were all safely in their pews, and under the vigilance of such sentinels, the minister could not always control their attention. It is said that on one July Sunday in 1790, when the audience were unusually torpid and sleepy, Dr. Emmons closed his manuscript, took down his three-cornered hat, came down from the pulpit, and went quietly home, leaving his comatose congregation to finish their naps or dis miss themselves without a benediction. After giving FRANKLIN. 171 "them a fortnight to consider their ways and be wise, he explained the reasons of this conduct, and his penitent church voted: " 1. It is reasonable the pastor should insist upon having the proper attention of the people in time of public worship. 2. It is reasonable the church shall desire and endeavor that proper attention be given in the time of public wor ship, and discountenance all inattention." As a result of the alterations and modernizings of 1840, the top of the old sounding-board lighted upon a well-house in Ashland ; the old pulpit ended a long journey in the lecture-room of the Chicago Theologi cal Seminary. At the same time, also, the long rows of horse-sheds were demolished, save a very few moved to the rear of the new site. The noon-houses had disappeared some years before 1840. They had been built for a resort in the intermissions on cold Sundays. They were four-square, with a seat on each side and a narrow floor in front of it. A large stone hearth filled the centre, on which a fire was built in a pile within reach of the cold feet aimed at it from the four sides, while the smoke found its way, when ready, through a wigwam-like hole in the roof. Home Life. — In these early colonial towns the meeting-house was as literally their social as their geographical centre. The families settled on their farms in concentric circles to the outer limits of the territory, and, being busy all the week at home, the Sunday noon intermissions spent in the horse-sheds and noon-houses were their only opportunities for in terchange of family greetings and friendly gossip. The rude connecting roads were too long, rugged, and lonely to be traveled for evening gatherings, and the young folks had to supplement their Sunday talks by the few weeks of the winter school. The town industries were home industries among the stumps and rocks of the slowly civilizing acres and at looms in the attics. A corn-mill and a saw- mill were their only external necessities. These they had to build as soon as possible, — the meeting-house first, and then the corn-mill. Then both soul and body could be equipped for other work. Most of their daily food was raised at home, and they clothed themselves in homespun cloth made from the flax of their fields and the fleece of their flocks, whose bodies they ate. A rare visit to Boston secured what their farms could not supply. The country grocery was an invention of a later age and a larger liberty. The population of the town increased slowly, from less than one thousand at its incorporation in 1778 to seventeen hundred and seventeen in 1840. The first sixty-two years of its town life showed less than six per cent, increase. For many years after the war for liberty the chief business of its town-meetings was discussions of town boundaries and laying out of roads. On March 23, 1795, the selectmen were directed to erect the first guide-posts. Military Affairs. — The military spirit, first called forth by the stern service of the Revolutionary war, did not die out with the close of the eighteenth cen tury, but was revived at least on two days of the year, — of the May training of the two military companies, the North and the South so called, and of the fall muster of the regiment to which they belonged. The May trainings were the times for a public comparison of these two companies, when they both manoeuvred at opposite ends of the Common, marched around Davis Thayer's store and Dr. Emmons' house, and halted in front of Joseph Hill's store under the poplars, and when the voices of the captains, and the fifes and drums were heard through the town. A troop of cavalry was enrolled, mostly within the town, and the horses, fresh from the plow and harrow, pranced and danced at the unwonted music of the bugle among the sweet ferns at the south end of the Common. But greater was the excitement, especially among the boys, when the Franklin Artillery appeared in all its brazen majesty on the same Common where its gun- house, cannon, tumbrels, and harnesses were kept. The dark-blue uniforms, the Bonaparte chapeaux with their long, black, red-tipped plumes, the flashing long swords, the slow march to the dirge-like " Boslyn Castle," as the lumbering brass four-pounders were dragged over the tufts of grass and bushes by drag- ropes, angling outwards like wild geese lines reversed, were always followed by a crowd. But the climax of military excitement was reached when, about 1825, the Franklin Cadets made their first public appear ance. Their white pantaloons, blue coats, abundantly buttoned and silver-laced, black shining leather caps crowned with black-tipped, white perpendicular plumes, and above all their new glinting muskets, made each boy wish himself a man and a cadet. Many of the after prominent citizens of the town were proud to be called captain of such au admirably- drilled corps. The Franklin Cadets, the Wrentham Guards, and the Bellingham Bifles were the flower of the old Norfolk County regiment. The fall musters, however, condensed the highest interest. They came after the sowing and reaping of the year were done, and all were glad for a holiday. The following description of an old-time regimental muster from a frequent participant will be enter taining: " The day before muster a detailed squad of men 172 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. marked out, by a long rope and with the heads of old axes, a straight and shallow furrow as a toe-line for the regiment, which they generally adhered to until afternoon. A boundary was also roped along the eastern side, next the road, which marked the limit for spectators. On this side were built rough booths for the sale of eatables and drinkables and gewgaws to the crowd of the coming day. With the earliest daylight came noisily-driven teams into town, bring ing soldiers and civilians, lads and lassies from far and near. Tents and marquees were hastily pitched around the meeting-house and along the west side of the Common. Luncheon-boxes and extra garments were stowed in these, guards were set, and at six o'clock the long roll from a score or less of kettle drums called the companies together. Drills, evolu tions, and marchings displayed the skill of the cap tains and astonished the fast-gathering crowds until nine o'clock, when, at the vociferous shouting of the adjutant, the musical squads headed their companies up to the toe-line. The musicians were then gath ered at the head of the regiment, near the gun-house, to receive the colonel and his staff whenever they should emerge from the tavern near at hand. On their appearance and reception, the wings wheeled into an inclosing square with the officers in the cen tre, while the chaplain, on horseback, prayed for the country and the protection of life and limb. On straightening out again, then came the march of the single fife and drum down and back the length of the line, the official inspection, the regimental manceuvre- ings, and the dodging of the line of guards by the spectators. " At one o'clock came dinner, in tent, booth, on the grass, anywhere, hilariously moistened, — possibly with venerable cider at least, — until at three o'clock a big gun and a solemn cavalcade of colonel and staff with chaplain and surgeon called the scattered bands into line for the grand finale — the sham-fight. Some times the infantry tried to capture the guns of the artillery ; sometimes, divided into two equal battal ions, they furiously bombarded each other ; some times a tribe of pretentious Indians rushed from be hind Dr. Pratt's barn with indescribable yells upon the cavalry, only to be ignominiously chased back to their invisible wigwams. Sometimes the whole regi ment formed a hollow square, facing outwards, with a cannon at each corner in defense of their officers, and banged away at unseen and unanswering enemies, while the cavalry dashed in all possible directions to repel imaginary sallies. Trumpets blared, drums rat tled, horses reared and snorted, children screamed, ramrods, forgotten in the hurried loading, hurtled through the poplars, till a cloud of villainous salt petre enwrapped in suffocating folds soldiers, specta tors, booths, and landscape, and until cartridge-boxes were emptied and military furore was satiated. The hubbub subsided about five o'clock into an occasional pop from tardy muskets, and the wounded — by pocket- pistols — were picked up in the booths and along the poplars, and the crowd took their winding — to some very winding — way to their supperless homes." The Poor. — It was not until 1799 that public pro vision had to be made for their poor by this thrifty town. Then there were but five persons. They were at first boarded by the lowest bidder, who must be approved by the selectmen, and was held strictly to take good and generous care of them, furnishing everything needed except clothes and medical care. These were separately supplied by the town. If he failed in any respect, he was to remove his charge elsewhere at his own expense. In 1835 the dwell ing-house and farm of Alpheus Adams were bought for an almshouse at a cost of three thousand dollars. In 1868 the house was burned, but another was speedily built a few rods farther east. At no time since 1835 has the number of its inmates exceeded twelve. The appropriation for 1883 was four thou sand dollars. Burial-Grounds. — Land was set apart at the be ginning of the settlement for the burial of the dead. One " God's acre" was at Stop River, now the City Mills Cemetery ; the other at the Centre. Both of these are still used for the same purpose. They were open and uncared for until 1768, when they were fenced by stone walls. In 1793 committees were chosen to repair the fences, choose sextons, and fix the fees for burial. These cemeteries have been enlarged from time to time as needful, and the dead of to-day are laid near where the forefathers of the hamlet sleep. In 1864, November 8th, a third burial-ground was bought and approved by the town. This is called the Catholic Cemetery, and lies some one hundred and fifty rods west of their churah. The Post-Office. — Franklin had no regular post- office until 1819. Letters and papers were few and far between. These were left at Wrentham by the carriers, who passed three times a week between Providence and Boston. Any one who chanced to visit Wrentham brought them to the owners. In 1812, Herman C. Fisher, then a lad of fifteen, was hired by a few families to go on horseback Satur days to South Wrentham and bring the mail to Na thaniel Adams', afterwards Davis Thayer's, store. His route was through Wrentham and Guinea to the old tavern on the Boston and Providence turnpike. FRANKLIN. 173 About 1815, David Fisher, keeper of Wrentham tav ern, was appointed postmaster. This brought the Franklin mail much nearer ; but letters for the northern part of the town were brought from Med way village. About 1819 the stone store at City Mills was built by Eli Richardson, who secured a post-office there. For a while Mr. Richardson brought the letters and papers for Franklin Centre to meeting in the box of his sulky every Sunday, and H. C. Fisher carried them to the store of Maj. Davis Thayer to be distributed. But after two years the Centre people began a movement for a post-office of their own. In 1822 they succeeded in securing a regular office, of which Maj. Thayer was postmaster. His successors have been Spencer Pratt, Theron C. Hills, David P. Baker, Cyrus B. Snow, Charles W. Stewart, David P. Baker again, A. A. Russegue, as sistant, Smith Fisher, and J. A. Woodward, the office moving with the appointment from place to place. Mr. Woodward held from 1871 to May 14, 1883, when a fall from a scaffolding of his house caused his sudden death, to the grief of the whole community, with whom he was held in the highest respect for his uniform urbanity and kindliness. His successor, and the present postmaster, is Oliver H. Ingalls ; assistant, Laura E. Blake. The income from the office at first was not more than thirty dollars per year; but it gradually increased till in 1882 the salary was raised to seventeen hundred dollars. It is now rated in the third class of post-offices. Temperance. — -Most of the people in the olden time drank liquors to some extent and without scru ple, under the impression that they were healthful and strength-giving. There were some who on spe cial occasions would get so thoroughly drunk that good people cast about for some external check upon the appetite. When said strength became too fre quent and dangerous to the home-peace, their names were posted by the selectmen so that the dealers, "who in regard of their remoteness from Boston had liberty to sell strong waters to supply the necessity of such as stood in need thereof," should not sell to such under a penalty. But the evil habit of drinking in creased in spite of church and minister. As early as 1825, after a lecture given in the Popolado school- house by a son of Dr. Lyman Beecher, Caleb Fisher, Eiisha Bullard, and several others not only signed a pledge, but refused to furnish liquor to their men at work. The example spread, and Franklin became and still is a temperance town. It has always voted no license, and now has two active temperance organiza tions — a Temperance Alliance and the Woman's Christian Temperance Union. Early Industries. — Sawing or splitting the forest- trees into boards for their houses and grinding the corn raised on their cleared land were the first neces sities of the new settlement. The first corn-mill was built in 1685, by John Whiting, on the site of the present Eagle Mill, at the foot of the long and for merly steep hill of that name, and about midway be tween the two communities. This mill was owned by Whitings for more than a century. In 1713 the North Precinct settlers sought for mill privileges nearer home, and Daniel Hawes, Jr., and Eleazar Metcalf associated with others to utilize the falls in Mine Brook for a saw-mill. The following is the contract which they signed : "Wrentham Feb. the 7 1713. "We hose names are hereunto subscribed doe agree to build a saw mill at the place called the Minebrook : Daniel Hawes wone quarter, John Maccane wone quarter, Eleazar Metcalf and Samuel Metcalf wone quarter, Robert Pond Sen. wone quarter. AVe doe covenant & agree as follows: " 1 We doe promis that we wil each of us carry on & do our equal proporchon throught in procuring of irones & hueing framing of a dam k mill & all other labor throught so faire as the major part shall se meat to doe then to com to a reckoning. "2 We doe agre that all of us shall have liberty for to work out his proporsion of work & in case aney wone of us neglect to carry on said work till it be done & lit to saw & he that neglects to carry on his part of said mill shall pay half a crowu a day to the rest of the owners that did said work. " 3 We doe agre that said land shall be for a mill pond soe long as the major part shall se lit. We du all so agre that no won shall sell his part of said mill till he has first made a ten der to the rest of the owners. We du al so agre that no won shall sell his part in the land til he hes tenderd it to the rest of the owners. "Signed, sealed and delivered in the presence of "Ezra Pond "RobartPond " Jonathan Wright " Daniel Haws his "John Maccane " Robert X Pond " Eleasar Metcalf mark " Samuel Metcalf." On the back is the still further agreement : " to lay out each man's loot as they are drawn — the first loot is to be gin four foot from the upper sil of the streak sil and soe up unto the ind of the sleapers, and to devid it equal into fower loots & from the sleapers towards the road so as not to interrupt the road. " Robart Pond " Daniel Haws "John Maccane "E leaser Metcalf "Samuel Metcalf "Daniel Thdrston "March the 7 1717." This first saw-mill came into and remained in the hands of the Whitings. In the laying out of a surveyor's district, May 29, 1736, there is mention of " The Iron Works," said to be located near the foot of Forge Hill, " Ben Works' saw-mill" and " Adams' corn-mill" at City Mills, sites now occupied by other works ; but of other mills or factories no record is preserved until the beginning of the present century. 174 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. CHAPTER XVII. FRANKLIN— (Continued). Later Town History — Ecclesiastical — Ministers of the First Church — Other Churches and Meeting-Houses — South Frank lin Congregational — Grace Universalist — Baptist — Catholic — Methodist — Town Library — Public Schools — High School — Franklin Academy — Dean Academy — College Graduates — Statistics of Material Growth — Town Industries — Straw Goods — Feltings, etc. — Newspapers — Railroads — Banks — Fire Protection — The Rebellion — List of Soldiers — Precinct and Town Officers — Centennial Celebration. Ministers of the First Congregational Church. — Rev. Elam Smalley was settled as the succes sor, not colleague, of Dr. Emmons, June 17, 1829. He was dismissed July 5, 1839. and installed Sep tember 19th over the Union Church, Worcester. He remained there until 1853, when he was dis missed to become pastor of the Fourth Presbyterian Church, Troy, N. Y., but was soon compelled by fail ing health to give up his work and try a voyage to Europe, seeking restoration and strength ; but with out benefit, for he died soon after his return, in New York City, July 30, 1858, aged fifty-eight. Mr. Smalley was born in Dartmouth, fitted himself for college, and was graduated at Brown University, 1827, whence he received D.D. in 1849. He studied theology with Rev. Otis Thompson, of Rehoboth. He supported himself while in college mainly by teaching singing-schools, in which he was eminently successful. His only son, George W., is the well- known London correspondent of the New York Tribune. Rev. Tertius Dunning Southworth was in stalled the fifth pastor of the church Jan. 23, 1839, and dismissed April 25, 1850. After leaving Frank lin he preached statedly in Lyndon, Pownall, and Bennington, Vt., nearly five years, teaching a school at the same time in his house. Thence he went to Pleasant Prairie, Wis., where he preached for ten years, part of the time under commission of the the American Home Mission Society, until a rheu matic fever disabled him from further active service. He returned in 1869 to his early home in Bridge- water, N. Y., where he died Aug. 2, 1874. He was buried in a silken surplice given him by the ladies of Franklin thirty years before. Rev. Mr. Southworth was born in Rome, N. Y., July 25, 1801 ; graduated at Hamilton College, 1827 ; spent one year at Au burn Theological Seminary, N. Y., and graduated at Andover, 1829 ; ordained at Utica, N. Y., Oct. 7, 1832 ; installed at Claremont, N. H, June 18, 1834, remaining there until he came to Franklin in the summer of 1838. Rev. Samuel Hunt was installed Dec. 4, 1850 and dismissed July 6, 1864. He next entered the service of the American Missionary Association in establishing schools among the freedmen in North Carolina. He became associated in 1868, as secre tary, with Hon. Henry Wilson, afterwards Vice- President. He aided in preparing Mr. Wilson's work, " The Rise and Fall of the Slave Power in Amer ica," and edited the last volume after Mr. Wilson's death. Mr. Hunt was born in West Attleborough March 18, 1810; graduated at Amherst College, 1832 ; studied theology from 1836 to 1838 in Prince ton, N. J. ; preached a year in Mansfield, Mass., and was ordained in Natick, July 17, 1839, whence he came to Franklin. He died in Boston, July 23, 1878. Rev. George A. Pelton was installed for one year, Aug. 9, 1865, but withdrew during the year following for a Western field. Rev. Luther Keene, the eighth regularly in stalled pastor of the old church, was installed Oct. 9( 1867, and died suddenly in the midst of his days April 17, 1874, aged forty-four. His last public ser vice was April 5th. He was born in Milo, Me., Jan. 30, 1830 ; graduated at Amherst College, 1859, and at Bangor in 1862. He was first settled in North Brookfield, in October, 1862, as pastor of a Union Congregational Church. After five years he resigned to come to Franklin. His ministerial labors, though short, left permanent results. The membership of the church was nearly doubled, and a new meeting-house and a commodious parsonage near it were built. Rev. Mr. Keene was the first occupant of the parsonage; and dedicated the new church Jan. 4, 1872, preaching from John xii. 5. After Mr. Keene's death the church remained with* out a settled pastor, depending on the broken and evanescent impressions of transient supplies, until the wiser conclusion of the church led to the installation of the present efficient pastor on Dec. 8, 1880. Rev. George E. Lovejoy, now in office, is a native of Bradford, Mass., and was resident licentiate at Andover, 1873. His pastorate previous to Frank lin was in Bedford, Mass. Since his ministry here between sixty and seventy have been added to the church, increasing its present membership to two hundred and ninety-two. The present Congregational Church was built during 1871, as has been mentioned. Its site was bought, bordering the southeast corner of the Common, and the building committee in charge pushed the work through with business-like energy. They were Messrs. FRANKLIN. 175 Davis Thayer, Jr., Henry M. Greene, Albert E. Dan iels, Osman A. Stanley, Dr. George King, E. H. Sher man, and Frank B. Ray. John Stevens was the architect, and Hanson & Hunniwell the builders. The organ was built by Stevens, of Cambridge. The di mensions of the main building are 100 by 60 feet; audience-room, 60 by 80, and 29 feet high ; chapel attached to the rear, 45 by 55 feet ; two wings, 25 by 14 feet; height of steeple, 164 feet; whole cost of the house furnished, $36,000. It has 650 sittings in the main audience-room, and 100 in the gallery. The chapel will seat 500, and the dining-room 400. Other Churches and Houses of Worship. — South Franklin Congregational Church. — Through the summer of 1855 meetings were held on alternate Sundays in the South Franklin district school-house. A Sunday-school was formed, and a library given by friends. The scattered families of that region showed so much interest in meetings near their homes, that a council of churches was called Aug. 20, 1855, at the house of Willard C. Whiting. As a result, September 13th, a church of eighteen members was organized. During the spring following fifteen hundred dollars were secured by subscription for a meeting-house. The corner-stone was laid Sept. 5, 1856, and the house was dedicated July 25, 1857. This church has not yet felt strong enough to enjoy a settled ministry, but has been supplied by acting- pastors to the present date. Grace Church, Universalist. — On Oct. 4, 1856, a Universalist parish was organized. At first their services were held in the town hall, but under the inspiration of a generous offer from the late Oliver Dean, M.D., it was determined to build a house. This was located close upon Main Street, and was consecrated May 5, 1858. The cost, besides the land, was about seven thousand dollars. The building was used until June, 1874, when it was sold to the Bap tists, and removed to School Street. In 1873 the parish built the present " Grace Church" directly in the rear of its first building. This graceful and beautiful house of worship is one of the architectural attractions of Franklin. It cost, with all its appoint ments, furniture, organ, and steam-heating apparatus, fifty-two thousand dollars, of which sum Dr. Dean originally gave two thousand dollars. Rev. A. N. Adams was the first settled pastor. He was installed May 5, 1858, and on the same day in which the first church building was dedicated, and was dismissed in 1860. In 1860 a church was organized, also a Sunday- school, and all the other auxiliaries which help to sus tain vigorous church work. The pastors have been Rev. A. N. Adams, 1858-60; Rev. N. R. Wright, 1861-62; Rev. S. W. Squires, 1862-66; Rev. H. D. L. Webster for a few months, succeeded by Rev. Rich ard Eddy, 1867-69. After being without a pastor for nearly three years, Rev. A. St. John Chambre (D.D. 1878) was installed July 1, 1872. He closed his pastorate in 1880, and was followed by Rev. L. J. Fletcher, D D., just deceased. The list of church members numbers now about one hundred and eight from a parish of about ninety families. The Baptist Church was organized in 1868 with thirteen members. Its pastors have been Rev. J. W. Holman, M.D., succeeded by Rev. George Ryan in May, 1873. In 1876 the church was dis banded. September, 1881, Rev. A. W. Jefferson, from Poultney, Vt., was sent into this field to awaken anew the denominational interest. As a result of his labors the church was reorganized in June, 1882, and now numbers thirty-five, with a Sunday-school of about sixty-five. This society first held their ser vices in the town hall until a neat chapel was built on East Street during the pastorate of Rev. Mr. Rounds. In 1874 the society purchased the build ing in which they now worship of the Uuiversalists, moved it to School Street, and made some alterations. Catholic Church. — In 1851 the Catholics were given the use of the town hall for a service, conducted monthly by Rev. M. X. Carroll, from Foxborough. In 1862 he was succeeded by Rev. M. McCabe, of Woonsocket. From 1863 to 1873, Rev. P. Gillie, of Attleborough, held occasional services. From 1872- 76, Rev. Francis Gonesse, of Walpole, had charge of the parish. In February, 1877, Rev. J. Griffin became and still remains the resident pastor. In 1871 the society bought the old Congregational Church, and remodeled its interior for their forms of worship. A large and commodious parsonage has been built directly west of the church. The Methodist Church. — As early as 1853 a Methodist meeting was held in the town hall by Rev. John M. Merrill. He gathered quite a large congregation. In 1855, Rev. Pliny Wood succeeded him. In 1856, Rev. M. P. Webster took up the work, but the enterprise failed so rapidly that the Conference decided in 1857 to suspend the services. In 1871 meetings were again started under the charge of Rev. John R. Cushing, of Boston. He organized a Sunday-school, and gathered a good congregation. In April, 1872, the Conference sent Rev. E. P. King into this field. He organized a church of thirteen members, and laid the corner-stone of a church build- in°- October 3d. The house was dedicated June 25, 1873. The same year the church membership in- 176 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. creased to sixty-six. April, 1874, Mr. King was transferred, and Rev. J. N. Short became pastor for three years. He was followed in 1878 by Rev. William Wignall, 1878-79; Rev. 0. W. Adams, 1880-81 ; Rev. A. C. Godfrey, 1882 ; and Rev. M. D. Hornbeck, the present pastor, since April, 1883. Swedenborgian. — A few members of the New Jerusalem Church have held meetings constantly for seventeen years at the house of the late J. A. Wood ward, but they have never been organized into a distinct church. Town Library. — Mention has been made of the library presented by Dr. Franklin to the town as a birthday- gift. With its one hundred and sixteen volumes was afterwards connected a private library of one hundred and twenty-five volumes for the use of its shareholders. At first the use of the public library was limited to members of the parish ; but in' 1791 it was " opened to the whole town, until the town shall order otherwise." These antiquated books became so little esteemed, that in 1840 they were found stowed away in their venerable bookcase in a barn. In 1856 a library association was formed to which the town by vote gave in charge the old Franklin and Social Library. These libraries were formed into a free town library, to which the town has appropriated money annually for its increase and support ; in addition to this town grant, amounting now to five hundred dollars, the library has the income of three thousand dollars, a legacy of Dr. Dean, for the purchase of books. The report for 1883 is as follows : Librarian's salary $150.00 Room rent 100.00 Incidentals 201.75 116 new books 187.77 Total, $639.52 Volumes added 217 Loaned 12,785 Number of borrowers. 657 Whole number of vol umes 3,000 Waldo Daniels has been the librarian from the beginning. Public Schools. — The first grant of money by the town for the support of schools was £200, voted May 20, 1778. This was divided in proportion to the number of children living in each school district be tween the ages of four and sixteen. The grants of money in succeeding years have steadily increased with the increase of school attendance. In 1782 it was only £80, and varied but little till 1796, when it was $320 ; increasing till in 1814 it was $600, and in 1839, $1000. In 1873 it reached $6000. It has increased largely each year, till the appropriation for 1883 was $8300. These sums include the total annual arant for schools. In 1795 the number of children in town required six school-houses, whose location was decided by a committee chosen for the purpose. Now the town supports ten mixed schools, exclusive of the High School. The Central School is graded into four de partments and six schools. At first the clergyman visited and catechised each school annually. As the notice of his coming visit was announced from the pulpit the previous Sunday, great were the preparations for it. After the close of Dr. Emmons' ministry this duty of examination by law devolved upon the school committee, and with them it now rests. A High School was established by the town in 1868. It was opened on May 20th with twenty-two scholars, Miss Mary A. Bryant, principal. She was succeeded by Miss Annie E. Patten and Thomas Curly. Lucien I. Blake, of Amherst College, was principal in 1877-78, followed by Theodore Parker Farr, a graduate of Tufts College. The present principal is Mrs. M. A. B. Wiggins. Private Schools. — At the request of many parents, Mortimer Blake, a graduate of Amherst College, began in September, 1835, at his own charges, a private school of a higher grade than the town public schools. He occupied first the Central District school- house with fifty-six scholars, fourteen of whom came from other towns ; but within the first year of this school's existence a large two-story building was erected at the western foot of the Common by a stock company with accommodations for one hundred pupils, besides recitation-rooms and exhibition hall. This building was in after-years used for a store and straw- shop alternately, till now — minus the cupola — it is used entirely for tenements. The bell now hangs in the belfry of the South Franklin Church. The school continued for several years, and during the first princi pal's connection with it its term-rolls often numbered one hundred scholars. It included the names of many scholars since well known, and not a few re nowned as educators and heads of important institu tions of instruction, as well as lawyers, physicians, and ministers. The academy gradually subsided under the rise of public high schools, although the succeeding principals, Bigelow and Baker, endeavored faithfully to maintain it. A Kindergarten was opened a few years since by Miss Lydia P. Ray, a graduate of Vassar College, in a building fitted especially for the purpose. It is now taught by Mrs. J. C. Blaisdell, and numbers about twenty little children. Dean Academy. — At the annual session of the Massachusetts Universalist Convention, held in FRANKLIN. 177 Worcester, Oct. 18-20, 1864, the subject of a State denominational school, to be of the highest grade be low that of colleges, was brought before the Council by Dr. A. A. Miner, president of Tufts College. A committee was appointed with full discretionary powers, Rev. A. St. John Chambre, of Stoughton, chairman. Dr. Oliver Dean offered a tract of eight or nine acres which he had bought of the estate of Dr. Emmons, and $10,000 towards a building, besides $50,000 as a permanent fund, and his offer was ac cepted. May 16, 1867, the corner-stone of Dean Academy building was laid with appropriate public ceremonies. As the work of building went on, Dr. Dean increased his donations to nearly $75,000. The style of the edifice was French Lombardic, and its total cost, exclusive of furniture and gas apparatus, was $154,000. It was two hundred and twenty feet front ; the main centre fifty by sixty feet deep, of four stories ; and two wings, each fifty-eight by forty- four feet in depth, with still other wings in the rear and three stories high. It was dedicated May 28, 1868, Rev. E. C. Bolles, of Portland, giving the address. The school had been commenced with forty- four pupils, Oct. 1, 1866, in the vestry of the Uni versalist Church, under Mr. T. G. Senter, principal. The summer term of 1868 was opened in the new edifice. Pour years later, during the night of July 31, 1872, this magnificent building with nearly all its contents was destroyed by fire. The young school became suddenly homeless, and Principal Senter re signed. The Franklin House was bought and the school resumed in it, with C. A. Daniels as principal for one year, and Dr. J. P. Weston for five years. After two years of labor and great anxiety, a second and the present edifice was completed and dedicated June 24, 1874. It occupies substantially the same foundations, and differs but little from the previous one, except being in Gothic style. Until the year 1877, Dean Academy was open to both sexes ; but the demand for a young ladies' school led the trustees to limit it accordingly. The new arrangement opened in 1877-78, with about fifty pupils, under Miss H. M. Parkhurst, principal. After two years' trial the limitation was removed, and the school is now open to both sexes. Professor Lester L. Burrington, from the Illinois State Nor mal University, became the principal in 1879, and the school is still under this faithful and devoted teacher. College Graduates. — The interest of the town in education is further indicated by its long roll of col lege graduates and professional men. Few towns can 12 show a larger ratio of educated men and women. Since its incorporation as a precinct, fifty-three of its young men and one lady are known to have graduated from college. Their names are here given. Many others, natives, but hailing elsewhere, are graduates. The honorable women of the town who married pro fessional men are not a few. The total number given in Blake's " History of Franklin" is one hundred and twelve. LIST OF GRADUATES. Name. Institution. Graduated. Professor Aldis S. Allen, M.D...Yale 1827 Benjamin F. Allen Brown 1817 Judge Asa Aldis Brown 1796 J. Frank Atwood, M.D Harvard 1869 Henry M. Bacon Amherst 1876 Rev. Abijah R. Baker, D.D Amherst 1830 David E. Baker Amherst 1878 Rev. Mortimer Blake, D.D Amherst 1835 Gilbert Clark, M.D Eclectic Medical, Phila 1873 Rev. Henry M. Daniels Chicago Theological 1861 Rev. William H. Daniels Middletown 1868 Hon. Williams Emmons Brown 1805 Eiisha Fairbanks, Esq Brown 1791 Theodore P. Farr Tufts 1878 Professor A. Metcalf Fisher Yale 1813 Rev. Charles R. Fisher Trinity 1842 Hon. George Fisher Brown 1813 Lewis W. Fisher Brown 1816 Eiisha Harding, M.D Brown 1819 Rev. Thomas Haven Harvard 1765 Peter Hawes, Esq Brown 1790 Rev. Isaac E. Heaton Brown 1832 Rev. Sanford J. Horton, D.D. ...Trinity 1843 Rev. Samuel Kingsbury Brown 1822 S. Allen Kingsbury, M.D Brown 1816 Hon. Horace Mann, LL.D Brown 1819 Edward McE'arland, Esq Holy Cross, Worcester 1873 Alfred Metcalf, Esq Brown 1802 John G. Metcalf, M.D Brown 1820 Judge Theron Metcalf Brown 1805 George T. Metcalf, Esq Brown 1853 Erasmus D. Miller, M.D Brown 1832 Lewis L. Miller, M.D Brown 1817 Rev. William Phipps Amherst 1837 Rev. George G. Phipps Amherst 1862 Benjamin Pond, M.D Medical, Dartmouth 1813 Rev. Daniel Pond Harvard 1745 Samuel M. Pond, Esq Brown 1802 Rev. Timothy Pond Harvard 1749 Metcalf E. Pond, D.D.S Boston Dental College 1874 Jenner L. S. Pratt, M.D Columbia, New York 1842 Spencer A. Pratt, Esq Brown 1830 Miss Lydia P. Ray Vassar College 1878 William F. Ray, A.M Brown 1874 Rev. Albert M. Richardson Oberlin 1846 Professor Henry B. Richardson. Amherst 1869 Frank E. Rockwood, Esq Brown 1874 Lucius 0. Rockwood, Esq Brown 1868 Henry E. Russegue, M.D Boston University 1878 George W. Smalley Yale Rev. AVilliam M. Thayer Brown 1843 Abijah Whiting, Esq Brown 1790 Nathan Whiting, Esq Brown 1796 Rev. Samuel Whiting Harvard 1769 In addition to those mentioned in the above list were several others who died in the course of their collegiate studies or were arrested by change of cir cumstances. Material Progress, — The following table, com piled from the earliest reliable sources, exhibits the growth of the town : 178 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. Year 1786 ?53 1790 974. 1800 "Ii; 1810 288 1820 .(.,¦-, 1830 '86 1840 37? 1850 384 1860 545 1865 543 1875 717 1880 1883 953 13 p a. a i p. X P5 w O 0 O 02 £2401 18s. 127 119 132 198 570 856 £2803 14s. 6d. 143 131 139 270 788 913,294.40 169 157 180 275 729 17,318.95 180 17S 163 265 733 15,524.75 210 180 143 274 599 343,124.00 234 208 149 2V4 563 301 417,978.00 262 227 183 191 448 129 648,436.00 304 240 185 192 493 12 811,636.00 379 269 245 142 508 5 1,116,660.00 402 269 573 10 1,433,635.00 464 331 466 4 1,736,370.00 632 3 JO 448 40 393 14 1,873,830.00 658 354 451 50 549 16 Total Popula tion. 1100110112551398 16301062 171720432172 2510-2983 4051 These tables indicate that the progress of the town has in late years been rapid for staid New England. The impulses of this growth are found in the devel opment of business, as the facts following indicate. They have been carefully gathered from original sources. Later Industries. — The beginning of the present century marks the introduction of the straw business, in which the town still holds a foremost rank. The braiding and making of rye-straw into bonnets came from Providence, R. I. A milliner of that city, Mrs. Naomi Whipple, and her assistant, Miss Hannah Met calf, unraveled a piece of imported braid and learned the secret of its plaited strands. She made and sent a case of bonnets, from braid of her own manufacture, to New York, which sold with the rapidity of foreign goods. Sally Richmond, a scholar at Wrentham Academy in the summer of 1799, taught the art of braiding to the ladies where she boarded, and thus came the new industry to Wrentham and Franklin. The storekeepers at first, exchanged their goods for the braid ; but as it accumulated, they began to make it into bonnets, carrying it with wooden forms from house to house to be sewed into shape by the farmers' wives and daughters. The bonnets so made were gathered and pressed at first with common hand-flats, afterwards with jack-presses worked by the foot. So grew up the great industry which now employs thou sands of people in this region. The first straw manufactory in Franklin was begun in 1812 by Asa and Davis Thayer. After the death of Asa Thayer, in 1816, a partnership was formed be tween Davis Thayer and Herman C. Fisher, to which, in 1825, Albert E. Daniels was admitted. Another early firm was Asa Rockwood & Son. The trip to New York, where their sales'were made, was not to these first merchants a night ride in a steamer. They went with a horse and wagon to Prov idence and thence in a sailing-vessel, whenever a cargo and wind and tide were ready, waiting sometimes two weeks for a favorable wind. When they should return to their factories was still more uncertain. Between the two termini of their business, their lives were drawn in unequal and indefinite lengths which unusual patience alone could equate. Thayer, Fisher & Daniels after a while separated into individual firms. Thayer became Thayer, Gay & Co., then D. Thayer, Jr., & Bros., until their final transfer to Hubbard, Snow & Co. Hermon C. Fisher became Fisher & Norcross, then H. C. Fisher alone a few years, afterwards Fisher & Adams, and, after the death of Mr. Simeon Adams' Fisher again until he was succeeded in the business by Horace M. Gowen. This line is now extinct. Albert E. Daniels became Daniels & Green, then Daniels & Son, when the business was transferred to Green & Baker, then to Henry M. Green alone; again it became Farmer & Sherman, then Bassett, Sherman & Co., and now is Oscar M. Bassett & Co. Other firms have also engaged in the straw business, — Hart- well Morse & Co., for twenty years ; Horace S. Morse & Capron, for twelve years, in the old academy build ing ; Foster, Pratt & Day, and Gen. Sumner & Co., about 1855-60. In 1869 no less than seven manufac tories of straw goods were in active operation, making : a million hats and bonnets per year. These were at that time all made, pressed, and finished by hand; but about 1872 the hydraulic press was introduced; and in 1875 sewing-machines came into use. They greatly increased the amount of production, but with a large decrease of employe's as well as a reduced value in products. Two firms only are now manufac turing straw goods in Franklin, as below: Hubbard, Bassett & Co. are at the New York end of the line, and Hubbard, Snow & Co. occupy in Franklin the large factory formerly used by Davis Thayer Bros. They have three hundred and twenty- five employes at the factory, and two hundred and fifty outside to whom work is carried. They manu factured in 1883 nineteen thousand cases, each con taining on an average four dozen hats or bonnets; total, nine hundred and twelve thousand. Oscar M. Bassett & Co., successors of Bassett & Sherman, have manufactured only since Sept. 1, 1883 ; but they already employ about two hundred hands and make all varieties of straw goods. Felt, Satinet, and Cassimere Manufactures have become another leading industry in Franklin. Col. Joseph Ray came with his family to Franklin in 1839, and engaged in making cotton goods. One of his sons, Frank B. Ray, started the first woolen-mill in town at Unionville, a village a mile and a half west of the Centre. He at first prepared wool shoddy \ to sell to others, using probably the first shoddy picker in the country. FRANKLIN. 179 In 1870 he started the first felt machinery in town. This enterprise of felt manufactures grew rapidly by the forming of new firms and the addition of cassi- mere and satinet goods. Morse & Waite, in 1871, were followed by Rays, Rathburn & McKenzie, and The Franklin Felting Company, — Enoch Waite, James P. and Joseph G. Ray. There are now seven of these feldng-mills running. The firm of J. P. & J. G. Ray are running four mills, viz. : a shoddy- mill, using from six to eight thousand pounds of rags per day, and employing fifty hands ; a cassimere- mill, with six sets of machinery, one hundred and twenty-five hands, and making 200,000 yards per year ; a cotton warp woolen satinet mill, with eight sets, one hundred and fifty hands, and 1,000,000 yards per year, — this mill is located in Bellingham ; the City Mills, now in Norfolk, for all kinds of felt- goods, eighty hands, and 500,000 yards per year. Their wool and waste trtide amounts to one million dollars per year. Frank B. Ray has one felt- and one shoddy- mill, both in Franklin. William F. Ray, son of Frank B. Ray, runs a mill at Norfolk, for wool extracts and shoddy, em ploying fifteen hands and producing 400,000 pounds per year. A Satinet - Mill, built by Ray, Rathburn & McKenzie in 1872 for a felt-mill, was bought, 1881, by C. J. McKenzie and changed to a satinet-mill. It runs three sets of woolen machinery, employs forty hands, and produces 350,000 yards per annum. The Felting-Mill of the Franklin Felting Com pany was purchased, in the spring of 1883, by Adel- bert D. Thayer. It has a capital of forty thousand dollars. jfe Another Cassimere-Mill has this year (1883) been started by Addison M. Thayer, with forty thou- , sand dollars capital. Of these ten mills, three are just beyond the town limits, but are owned and operated by Franklin firms. The Franklin Cotton Manufacturing Com pany has just been formed. This corporation is erecting at Unionville a granite building one hundred and thirty-three feet long and fifty-five feet wide and , two stories high, to be run by both steam and water, I as the supply serves. They will make a new kind of fancy cotton goods, with imported English machinery, and intend to commence Jan. 1, 1884. Capital, one hundred and fifty thousand dollars. The officers are George Draper, of Milford, president ; James P. Ray, of Franklin, treasurer. j. The Shoe Business has never put more than one foot into the town. In 1850, N. C. Newell bought Dr. Emmons' barn, moved it, and began manufacturing therein. He was succeeded by James M. Freeman, who enlarged both business and shop, but he retired in 1879, and the business also. The Franklin Rubber-Boot Company was organized, 1882, with a capital of seventy-five thou sand dollars. Moses Farnum, president ; Joseph G. Ray, treasurer ; Horace Jenks, superintendent of the works. They are located near Beaver Pond, and are employing one hundred and twenty hands, and make 800 pairs of rubber boots and the same number of overshoes per day. Lumber and Box Factories. — E. L. and O. F. Metcalf commenced as contractors and builders in 1843. In 1847-49 they were actively engaged in building depot, bridges, etc., for the Norfolk County Railroad and Southbridge branch. In 1856 they bought the Frost water-mill, about two miles from the Centre, fitting it up with wood-working ma chinery, and also opened a lumber-yard at the village. In 1867 they built a steam-mill near the railway station, which has been enlarged until its present dimensions are sixty by one hundred and eight feet, with wings thirty by fifty feet and thirty by forty feet, all two stories high. In 1870 they added a saw mill and, in 1873 a grain-mill. They employ a large number of hands in the sash, door, blind, and box departments. The original firm, after almost forty years of suc cessful business, dissolved in 1881 by mutual con sent, Erastus L. going out, and Walter M. Fisher taking his interest in the business, which is now carried on with the firm-name of O. F. Metcalf & Sons. In the northwestern part of the town is another lumber- and box-factory, started by Lucius W. Daniels in 1874, making 50,000 packing-boxes and using 750,000 feet of lumber per year. The saw mill demands 400,000 feet of lumber per year to keep its saws. busy. At Nason's Crossing, about half a mile south of the Centre, Joseph M. Whiting has been engaged for several years running a grist-mill. Machinery. — Joseph Clark owns the one ma chine-shop in Franklin, located at Nason's Crossing. He manufactures largely woolen machinery, as well as repairs cotton machinery of all kinds, employing a lar^e number of men and adding much to the town industries. Canned Goods. — North Franklin is a head centre of the canning industry. The large factory of Rich ardson & Hopkins commenced ten years ago on a small scale. Their buildings have been enlarged and 180 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. machinery added, including two forty horse-power boilers. During the busy season, they now employ about one hundred and fifty hands. They make their own cans, of which in 1882 they produced 400,000. This firm put up last year 112,000 cans of corn, 90,- 722 of tomatoes, 45,387 of squash in three-pound cans, and 1267 in gallons; peas and beans, 15,000 ; pumpkins, 5140 ; cranberries, 3000. Fifteen thousand cases were required to pack the shipped goods. George Bacon commenced the same industry in 1881 with about twenty-five hands, making a good start the first year with 20,000 cans of corn, 23,000 of tomatoes, and 3,200 of squash, he also making his own cans. B. E. Gurney commenced canning in 1882, put ting up about 20,000 cans, and raising nearly all the material used. Beet Sugar. — The experiment of making sugar from beets was tried in Franklin for a year by a cor poration formed in 1879, with a capital of one hun dred and thirty-three thousand dollars. But the en terprise was abandoned for lack of beets. It was thought that they could not be raised with profit to the farmer at prices which would also render it profit able to the corporation. Near the depot are Steam Print- Works, owned by Charles L. Stewart and started by him in 1873. On Dean Street is L. W. Milliken, manufac turer of loom-pickers, straps, and other manufactures of leather. On the same street is the manufactory of R. Sommers, for toilet and laundry soap, carried by teams in all the region round about. On East Street A. Parker Smith manufactures a leather lacquer for carriages, for Boston trade. A company has been formed for the manufacture of jewelry, with a capital of six thousand dollars. Henry R. Jenks is president, and a building is nearly completed on Dean Street. Work will commence early in 1884. The Press. — The first newspaper published in town was The Franlclin Register, a weekly. It was started October, 1872, by James M. Stewart, editor and proprietor. It was continued until the removal of Mr. Stewart in 1881. In 1878 The Franklin Sentinel began its weekly rounds. It was put on duty by R. E. Capron. Since January, 1883, The Sentinel has been published by Houston & Lincoln, with a lengthened circuit and more imposing dimen sions. May its circuit be enlarged as its value increases. Railroads. — The Norfolk County Railroad was incorporated in 1847. In 1849 the road was com pleted and running its trains. The line connected Dedham and Blackstone, and was twenty-six miles long. The bridge just west of the Franklin station covers the summit of the road. Its elevation above the mean low-water level in Boston at this point is 296^'^ feet. The Norfolk County Railroad has since become a link of the New York and New Eng land Railroad, and has been gradually lengthened until, from Boston to Fishkill, — its proper western terminus, — it measures 2271 miles of main track, ex clusive of its branches. In 1877 the Rhode Island and Massachusetts Rail road was completed, connecting Franklin and Prov idence via Valley Falls, twenty miles. It is owned and controlled by both Massachusetts and Rhode Island parties, each on its side of the line. During the past summer (1883) the Milford and Franklin Railroad has been completed, and trains are now run ning regularly and often over its ten miles of length, connecting, through Hopkinftm and Ashland, with the Boston and Albany Railroad. Franklin is thus amply provided with railway connections. Banks. — Franklin has two banks, — the Frank. lin National, with a capital of two hundred thou sand dollars ; President, James P. Ray, and Cashier, Moses Farnum ; and the Benjamin Franklin Sav ings Bank, incorporated Feb. 21, 1871. President, Davis Thayer, Jr. ; Cashier, Charles W. Stewart, Number of depositors since 1871, two thousand four hundred and six ; and eleven hundred and seventy open accounts at the present time. Amount of net deposits, $295,574,38. As will be seen, the industries of Franklin have increased rapidly. Fire and Water. — For the protection of all the varied industries and their buildings, as well aB the houses of the inhabitants of the town, there areas yet but two hand-engines. These, in case of fire, can throw water from cisterns or wells, if near and ample enough. But several recent destructive fires, which . literally devoured the buildings they attacked, have proved that Franklin is without sufficient protection against this terrible foe. Several movements have been made towards the building of protective water-works, and preliminary surveys were made by P. M. Blake, C.E., in 1876. But nothing was done by the town until the town- meeting in March, 1883. A committee of three- Joseph G. Ray, Asa A. Fletcher, and William B. Nason — were then chosen to ascertain the cost and all other information necessary for the introduction of a water supply. The immediate and only present result appears in an act of incorporation passed by the Legislature May 16, 1883, authorizing the forma- FRANKLIN. 181 tion of the Franklin Water Company, to take water from Beaver Pond, and to issue bonds for seventy -five thousand dollars, payable in thirty years from the date of issue ; the whole capital not to exceed sev enty-five thousand dollars, in shares of one hundred dollars each. Associated with the committee in the act of incorporation were Rev. William M. Thayer, James M. Freeman, James P. Bay, George N. Wig- gin, Henry R. Jenks, and Homer V. Snow. As yet the company have attempted no visible measures, though their next report to the town may contain definite suggestions. The town also chose a committee, Sept. 30, 1882, to take charge of the question of a new town-house. This subject is awaiting decisive action, not to be much longer delayed, as the present town-house is inadequate for use. The Rebellion of 1861.— The response evoked by the war for slavery is indicated by the following resolve, passed unanimously at a town-meeting, May 2, 1861 : " Resolved, That it is the duty of all good citizens to dis- . countenance and frown upon every individual among us, if any there be, who shall express sentiments disloyal to the govern ment of the United States, or offer aid or sympathy to the plotters of treason and rebellion." But the town expressed itself not in words alone. It at once raised, on its quota of twenty-three, thirty- four men, and three thousand dollars were promptly pledged as aid. On the call of August, 1862, for three hundred thousand more, forty-three were en listed on its quota of thirty-four. The town responded with a like promptness and profusion to every subse quent call for troops. Individual citizens were gen erous in subscriptions to pay bounties and to aid the families of volunteers. When the first detachment — the overquota of thirty-six, and called Company C, Forty-fifth Regi ment of Massachusetts Volunteers, under 2d Lieut. Lewis R. Whitaker, a soldier for freedom in Kansas —was leaving for the field, a farewell meeting was held in the town hall, at which their lieutenant was surprised with a fine sword from his men, and they in turn received each a Bible. When a temperance pledge was proposed, all, save one or two, enthusiasti cally attached their names. On the announcement that only twenty-three had been called for, one of the thirteen said they would all go, if they went afoot and alone. It is known that two hundred and eighteen soldiers were furnished by the town during the war. How many were natives cannot now be ascertained, as the town's list is confessedly imperfect. But the record of ninety-seven natives has been made, whose names, grade, and fate are as below : Charles R. Adams, son of Peter, Co. A, 33d Regt. ; killed near Winchester. Henry P. Adams, son of Oren W., 3d Regt. ; in Andersonville prison. William M. E. Adams, son of Erastus, Co. 1, 18th Regt. ; served through. Alvin B. Adams, son of Oren W., Co. G, 16th Regt.; not known. William W. Adams, son of Oren W., Co. C, 45th Regt. ; served through. Andrew J. Alexander, son of William, Co. C, 45th Regt. ; hon orably discharged. Lowell W. Adams, son of Oren W., Co. G, 45th Regt. ; wounded, served through. William G. Adams, son of Gardner, Co. K, 44th Regt. ; wounded, served through. Caleb W. Ballou, son of Caleb, Co. H, 40th Regt.; disabled and discharged. Adin Ballou, son of Albert, 10th Regt., Me. ; not known. Owen E. Ballou, son of Barton* Co. C, 4th Regt.; honorably discharged. William A. Ballou, son of Albert, Co. C, 45th Regt. ; honorably discharged. William H. Baldwin, son of Henry, Co. A, 35th Regt.; Ander sonville, died. Seth Blake, son of Seth, Co. I, 18th Regt. ; in Andersonville. Charles H. Bemis, son of Henry, Co. C, 45th Regt. ; honorably discharged. Thomas Coffield, son of John, Co. I, 18th Regt. ; honorably discharged. Barton F. Cook, son of Milton, Co. H, 3d R. I. Artillery; hon orably discharged. Joseph W. Cook, son of Winslow, R. I. Cavalry ; honorably discharged. Daniel C. Corbin, son of Otis, Jr. ; wounded, discharged. Anthony Conner, son of Isaac, Co. I, 18th Regt. ; honorably discharged. George Clark, son of John, Co. I, 18th Regt. ; died in Ander sonville. James Clark, son of John, Co. B, 18th Regt.; not known. Nathan Clark, son of Alfred, Co. I, 18th Regt. ; wounded and discharged. Barton A. Colvin, son of Jasper, Co. C, 45th Regt. ; honorably discharged. Charles A. Cole, Co. C, 45th Regt. ; honorably discharged. George W. J. Cole, Co. C, 45th Regt. ; honorably discharged. Cornelius Dugan, Co. K, 33d Regt. ; honorably discharged. Joseph Day, son of Hermon, Co. A, 35th Regt. ; sick and dis charged. Edward H. Ereeman, son of James M., Co. C, 45th Regt. ; hon orably discharged. George M. Farrington, son of Nathan, Co. A, 35th Regt.; wounded and discharged. Alfred J. Fitzpatrick, son of John L., Co. H, 18th Regt. ; hon orably discharged. John M. Fisher, son of Weston, Co. C, 38th Regt. ; killed. Walter M. Fisher, son of Walter H., Co. C, 45th Regt. ; hon orably discharged. Marcus Gilmore, son of Marcus, Co. A, 35th Regt. ; honorably discharged. William S. Gilmore, son of Philander, Co. F, 10th Regt.; hon orably discharged. 182 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. Nathaniel S. Grow, son of Nathaniel, Co. C, 45th Regt. ; hon orably discharged. Samuel E. Gay, son of Willard, Co. K, 31st Regt.; disabled. Pliny A. Holbrook, son of Ellis, Co. C, 45th Regt. ; honorably discharged. Joseph W. Holbrook, son of Eliphalet, Co. C, 45th Regt.; hon orably discharged. Samuel C. Hunt, son of Rev. Samuel, Co. C, 45th Regt.; hon orably discharged. Frank F. Hodges, son of Willard, Co. C, 45th Regt.; honorably discharged, Norman Hastings, son of Nathaniel, Co. C, 45th Regt. ; died on return. Albert L. Jordan, son of Alfred, Co. I, 18th Regt.; wounded five times, discharged. Henry A. Jordan, son of Alfred, Co. H, 1st Cavalry ; honorably discharged. Edwin A. Jordan, son of Alfred, Co. H, 1st Cavalry; honorably discharged. Samuel H. Jordan, son of Alfred, Co. C, 45th Regt. ; lost an arm, discharged. George King, M.D., son of George, surgeon, 16th and 29th Regts. ; honorably discharged. H. D. Kingsbury, son of Nathaniel D., Co. K, 1st Cavalry ; honorably discharged. Emery T. Kingsbury, son of Fisher A., Co. C, 45th Regt.; honorably discharged. George A. Kingsbury, son of Horatio, Co. B, 42d Regt.; pris oner and paroled. Herbert L. Lincoln, son of Manly, Co. A, 35th Regt. ; wounded and died. Granville Morse, son of Levi F., Co. I, 18th Regt. ; honorably discharged. Lewis L. Miller, son of John W., Co. E, 12th Regt. ; wounded and died. Eugene H. Marsh, son of Lewis H., 2d R. I. Cavalry ; honorably discharged. Jeremiah Murphy, son of Thomas, Co. C, 45th Regt.; honor ably discharged. Charles M. Nason, son of George W., Co. A, 35th Regt. : hon orably discharged. William E. Nason, son of George W., Co. A, 35th Regt. ; hon orably discharged. George W. Nason, son of George W., Co. I, 5th Regt., and in Co. II, 23d Regt.; col. of Newbern Are department; hon orably discharged. Albert D. Nason, son of George W., Co. C, 45th Regt.; honor ably discharged. Albert J. Newell, son of Arnold J., Co. I, 23d Regt.; un known. Olney P. Newell, son of Hiram, Co. B, 1st Cavalry ; honorably discharged. Duane Newell, son of Nelson C, Co. C, 45th Regt.; disabled and discharged. George L. Partridge, son of Seth, Co. B, 42d Regt. ; honorably discharged. Whipple Peck, son of Whipple, 1st R. I. Regt. ; wounded and discharged. Horace W. Pillsbury, son of Stephen, Co. I, 1 8th Regt. ; wounded and discharged. Alfred J. Pierce, son of Israel, 3d R. I. Artillery; honorably discharged. Israel F. Pierce, son of Israel, R. I. Cavalry ; honorably dis charged. Henry M. Pickering, son of Samuel, Co. C, 45th Regt.; honor ably discharged. James M. Ryan, son of James, Co. C, 45th Regt. ; honorably discharged. William Sullivan, Co. K, 33d Regt. ; unknown. Charles H. Scott, Co. A, 35th Regt.; unknown. Smith 0. Sayles, son of Oren W., R. I. Cavalry ; unknown. Thomas W. Sayles, son of Oren W., R. I. Cavalry; unknown. Michael 0. Sullivan, son of Jeremiah, Co. C, 45th Regt.; hon orably discharged. George W. Thompson, son of Thaddeus, Co. I, 18th Regt.' honorably discharged. Ransom Tift, son of James, Co. I, 18th Regt. ; honorably dis charged. William H. Thomas, son of Sandrus, Co. I, 18th Regt.; un known. Abram W. Wales, son of Amos A., Co. 1, 18th Regt. ; honorably discharged. Shepard G. Wiggin, son of Joseph, Co. A, 35th Regt. ; died. Silas H. Wilson, son of Enoch, Co. A, 35th Regt.; prisoner, paroled, disabled. Otis Winn, son of Peter, Co. A, 35th Regt.; died. Henry J. Ward, son of Reuben, Co. C, 45th Regt. ; honorably discharged. Owen W. Wales, son of Otis, Jr., Co. C, 45th Regt.; discharged. Lewis F. Williams, son of William, 12th Heavy Artillery; un known. John B. Whiting, son of Sydney, Co. C, 45th Regt.; honorably discharged. Daniel W. Whiting, son of Willard C, Co. K, 23d Regt.; hon orably discharged. Lewis R. Whitaker, sou of Richard, Co. C, 45th Regt.; 2d lieut. ; honorably discharged. George F. Woodward, son of Austin, Co. C, 45th Regt. ; hon orably discharged. Lewis E. Wales, son of Otis, Jr., Co. B, 42d Regt. ; died in New Orleans. John D. Wales, son of Otis, Jr., Co. B, 42d Regt. ; honorably discharged. George H. Scott, son of George W., Co. I, 18th Regt. ; un known. Alonzo F. Eddy, son of Asahel, Co. I, 18th Regt. ; honorably discharged. George L. Rixford, 4th Cavalry; honorably discharged. James F. Snow, son of John W., Co. C, 56th Regt.; unknown. George B. Russell, son of Thomas, 12th Heavy Artillery; un known. William G. White, son of Adam H., Battery ; unknown. Dana Follen, son of James; honorably discharged. These were natives or residents of the town. Many natives resident elsewhere enlisted in other places. Among them some are known to have attained honorable rank and distinction. Edmund Dean, son of Luther, became adjutant-general of Kansas ; Charles H. Thayer, son of Nathaniel, was promoted to a cap taincy, confined, in Libby prison, and exchanged. It is an honorable record that only one of all the native soldiery deserted. No public monument, bow- ever, has yet been erected to the memory of the Union soldiers of Franklin. But it has a G. A. R. Post, and a public commemoration upon Decoration Day. Public officers, from the incorporation of the precinct to the present time. — Among the citizens FRANKLIN. 183 whom Franklin has honored are the following elected to its chief offices, both as a precinct and as a town : PRECINCT CLERKS. Daniel Thurston (first clerk), 1738. Ezra Pond, 1739, 1742. Simon Slocum, 1740, 1741, 1743, 1748, 1752. John Fisher, 1744, 1747. Jabez Fisher, 1753, 1756. Michael Metcalf, 1757. Hezekiah Fisher, 1758, 1769, 1773. Timothy Pond, 1759, 1762. Jonathan Whiting, 1763, 176S. Ebenezer Metcalf, 1774-77. TOWN CLERKS. Asa Pond, 1778, 1780, 1782, I Capt. David Baker, 1824-36. 1785. Hezekiah Fisher, 1781. Nathan Daniels, Jr., 1786, 1791, 1804. Amos Hawes, 1792, 1803. Asa Harding, 1805, 1815. Lewis Harding, 1816, 1823. Wilkes Gay, Jr., 1837-39. Davis Thayer, Jr., 1840-45. Theron C. Hills, 1846-62. Alpheus A. Russegue, 1863- 75, 1S79, 1SS2. George W. Wiggin, 1876-78, 1882. 1883. PRECINCT TREASURERS. Eleazer Metcalf, 1738. Baruch Pond, 1754-57, 1761, Nathaniel Fairbank, 1739. 1764. David Jones, 1740, 1741. , Daniel Thurston, 1759-60, ¦Thomas Bacon, 1742, 1753. I 1765, 1767, 1769, 1771. Robert Blake, 1743-52, 1758, 1768. TOWN TREASURERS. Asa Whiting, 1778-87, 1792, | Joel Daniels, 1833-35, 1842- 1793. Seth Lawrence, 178S— 91. Joseph Whiting, Jr., 1794-96. Hanan Metcalf, 1797-99. Lieut. Phineas Ware, 1800-4. Timothy Metcalf, 1805-16. Simeon Partridge, 1817-19. Col. Caleb Thurston, 1820-32. REPRESENTATIVES TO Ensign Jos. Hawes, 1778, 1881. Dr. Joseph Metcalf, 1779-80. Peter Adams, 1782-S3. Samuel Lethbridge, 1784-85. Hon. Jabez Fisher, 1786, 1798- 99. Capt. Thomas Bacon, 1787-88. Lieut. Hezekiah Fisher, 1789- 97. Col. John Boyd, 1800-4. Pelatiah Fisher, 1805-6. Capt. Joseph Bacon, 1807-14. Lieut. Phineas Ware, 1811-17. Lewis Fisher, 1815-16, 1818- 21, 1823, 1826. Dr. Nath'l Miller, 1827, 1833. Col. Caleb Thurston, 1829-30. Willis Fisher, 1831. Maj. Davis Thayer, 1832, 1834, 1840. Ensign Seth Dean, 1834. Joel Daniels, 1837. Col. Nathan Cleveland, 1838- 39. 53. Wilkes Gay, Jr., 1836-39. George W. Morse, 1S40-41. Theron C. Hills, 1854-60. Adams Daniels, 1861, 1062. Alpheus A. Russegue, 1863-74. James M. Freeman, 1875-83. THE GENERAL COURT. j Ward Adams, 1840. Albert E. Daniels, 1841. Col. Saul B. Scott, 1S43-44. Dr. Shadrack Atwood, 1847. j Col. Paul B. Clark, 1848. George W. Nason, 1850. William Metcalf, 1851. Capt. Hartford Leonard, 1852. Seneca Hills, 1855. Mason F. Southworth, 1856. ¦ Theron C. Hills, 1857. Stephen W. Richardson, 1858. James M. Freeman, 1860. James P. Ray, 1861, 1877. Rev. Wm. M. Thayer, 1863. Francis B. Ray. 1865. Alpheus A. Russegue, 1867. Henry E. Pond, 1868. Rev. Richard Eddy, 1870. Joseph A. Woodward, 1871. John H. Fisher, 1873-74. Davis Thayer, 1876. Henry R. Jenks, 1880. Sabin Hubbard, 1883. Centennials. — The first century of Franklin is a precinct was completed Dec. 23, 1837 (old st}le). The event was commemorated by a historical sermon preached Feb. 25, 1838, by the then pastor, Rev. Elam Smalley, and afterwards printed. The close of the towns first century, March 2, 1878, was antici pated, in a town-meeting of March, 1873, by the choice of a committee " to prepare a plan for an ap propriate celebration of the anniversary, to secure statistics, and to do whatever they may deem neces sary in the matter, and report at a future town-meet ing." The committee were Stephen W. Richardson, William M. Thayer, Waldo Daniels, William Rock wood, and Adin D. Sargent. They reported the plan of a public celebration, and an address by Rev. Mortimer Blake, D.D., a son of Franklin, then in Taunton. The plan was adopted, and in 1877 five hundred dollars were appropriated for expenses, in cluding the publication of a town history. March, 1878, the committee was enlarged by the addition of A. St. John Chambre, Henry M. Green, James P. Ray, Paul B. Clark, and Edward A. Rand, as a com mittee of arrangements. As March is usually unfit for a public celebration, June 12th was selected, and the day proved most favorable for the occasion. The chief features of the celebration were a pro cession, including the public schools, and a repre sentation of the industries of the town ; a historical address, with other services, in the Congregational Church ; a dinner under a large pavilion on the Com mon with twelve hundred guests, where history and prophecy, wisdom and wit, from the Governor of the State to the town official, abounded until the wester ing sun suggested an adjournment until 1978. More than ten ^thousand people came together from far and near. A museum of local antiquities, collected by the in dustry of a committee of ladies in the vestry of the Congregational Church, was visited during the day by more than a thousand people, and elicited unani mous surprise at the valuable relics they had gathered. A vocal concert in the evening was fully attended, and closed the centennial day. The history of Franklin, afterwards published, con tains the historical address, enlarged by addenda ; biographical sketches ; genealogies in brief ; speeches at the dinner ; with portraits, views of buildings, etc. It is an octavo of over three hundred pages, prepared by the author of the address, and published by the committee of the town. Very few copies remain in the hands of W. Rockwood of the committee. 184 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. JAMES P. AND JOSEPH G. RAY. There is an inspiration to others in the history of self-made men ; so we gather these fragments from the lives of these brothers, and place them as honored records among the names of those worthy to occupy a place in the " History of Norfolk County." Energy is the corner-stone to their characters, the secret of their successful lives, — well-directed, steady, per sistent energy. Joseph Ray, the father of these brothers, was born in West Wrentham, Mass., July 24, 1791. He learned the stone-mason's trade, and followed that some years, building mills, mostly in the Blackstone Valley, whither he moved in 1813, making his residence South Mendon, now East Blackstone. In 1814 he married Lydia, daughter of James Paine, an iron-worker, then of Smithfield, R. I., but afterwards a resident of Mendon. Mr. Ray entered into partnership with Mr. Paine in 1821, the firm-name being " Paine & Ray." They engaged in the manufacture of cotton and woolen machinery. Mr. Ray had become thoroughly familiar with their mechanism, and applied himself not only to their construction but improvement. The first geared speeders were invented and constructed in his shop. The firm had two manufactories, one at South Mendon, with one hundred and fifty hands, the other at Slatersville, R. I., with one hundred men. In 1826 Mr. Ray purchased a cotton-mill of nine looms at Hillsboro', N. H., which number he increased to ninety. He conducted this successfully until 1 839, when his intimate business relations with Abraham and Isaac Wilkinson, large cotton manufacturers of Rhode Island, involved him in their failure, and he was compelled to suspend payment. Receiving an exten sion on his notes for five years, he struggled faithfully during that period to restore his wrecked fortunes, but failed and retired from business in 1844. He died in 1847. James P. Ray, eldest son of Joseph and Lydia (Paine) Ray, was born in South Mendon, Mass., in 1820. He received the educational advantages of the common and high schools of Bellingham and Ux bridge, and the Manual Labor School at Worcester, with such attention as to qualify him as a teacher at the age of fifteen, when he took charge of the dis trict school at Northbridge, Mass., for one term. He then became a clerk in a store at Upton, Mass. but in 1836 his father, who had been living in North- bridge, removed to South Mendon, where James en tered a cotton-factory and remained one year stripping cards. The next year (1837), in the midst of the greatest financial panic this country has ever known a boy of seventeen, his entire wealth consisting of seven dollars, he started business on his own account by hiring two carding-machines and power to run them, and buying two hundred pounds of cotton waste with which to make cotton batting. This was the humble beginning of a most remarkable and suc cessful business career. He ran his machine several months, then hiring a horse arid wagon, peddled out his goods. Encouraged by his success, early the next season he purchased six carding-machines which he placed in a room in City Mills, Franklin, and con tinued the manufacture of batting until 1838, when he purchased a small " mule" and made cotton wick- ing during the winter. Notwithstanding his industry and care, by the depression of prices he found himself five hundred dollars in debt the next spring. Hiring the new mill of Joseph Whiting, of Union- ville, he moved thither in May, 1839, his father's family (now dependent on him) also moving there. Managing his affairs with sagacity and untiring energy unusual in so young a man, and making cot ton batting, wicking, and cotton twine, by 1844 he had accumulated two thousand dollars. He was again at this time embarrassed by the failure of George Blackburn, of Boston, his commission mer chant. Receiving an extension of time, he paid the last of the notes due in 1847. From this his career has been one of prosperity. In 1844 his brother, Frank B., three years his junior, who had been em ployed by him from youth, became his partner, with firm-name of J. P. & F. B. Ray. They purchased the celebrated " Makepeace Mill," and here and in the mill at Unionville manufactured batting, twine, wick ing, and bagging until 1851, when Joseph G. was admitted partner, the firm becoming " Ray Brothers." Mr. Bay married, May 31, 1843, Susan K., daughter of Capt. Alfred Knapp, of Franklin. Their children are Edgar K. and James F. Mr. Ray is Republican in politics ; as such has been representa tive from Franklin one term, and State senator two years. He is a leading member of the Universalist Church and one of its trustees. Far-seeing, bold, energetic, and persistent, he has deserved and at tained success far beyond the hopes and ambitions of his early manhood. He has neither courted popu larity nor feared censure. He gives generously where his judgment approves, and refuses sometimes bluntly when persistently urged to support what he does not commend. He has recently devoted much time to the con- ^r-^-e^^ y yy Van Slvck& CaBostfo: FRANKLIN. 185 struction of the Milford, Franklin, and Providence Railroad, of which he is president, and its construc tion is due to his untiring efforts. He was incor porator, and is director of Franklin Rubber Company, president of Putnam Manufacturing Company, and of the manufacturing corporations at Woonsocket and City Mills. Joseph G. Ray, youngest son of Joseph and Lydia (Paine) Ray, was born in South Mendon, now East Blackstone, Oct. 4, 1831. When but a lad of eight he began life's battle by working all his spare time morning and evening in his brother's mill at Unionville making twine. When twelve he attended school one year in Nashua, N. H. His vacations were passed in the mill, where he became expert in the methods of manufacture. In 1847, having saved money enough for his expenses, he attended school another year in Walpole, N. H. In 1850 he engaged with his brother Frank, receiving four hundred and fifty dollars yer year for his services, and during the year started the first " rag-picker" and manufactured the first " shoddy" made in New England. In 1851, in connection with James, he formed the firm of Bay Brothers, and bought the property in South Mendon — then owned by Jenckes & Scott — where their father commenced the manufacture of cotton machinery. In 1854 he married Emily, daughter of Col. Joseph Bockwood, of Bellingham. Their chil dren are Lydia P. and Annie R. (Mrs. Adelbert D. Thayer). From 1861 to 1871, Mr. Ray resided in Unionville ; from thence removed to Franklin, where he still lives. His summer residence is the old homestead of Col. Rockwood, which Mr. Ray has taken much pains to make a model home. He has spared no expense in this, as the elegant building and elaborate surround ings clearly indicate. He is a lover of fine horses and stock, and has done much to improve the quality of both. He has made several importations of Holstein cattle, of which he owns a fine herd. One of the most unique features of this farm is its fish pond, well stocked with German carp, surrounded by a pri vate race-course. Republican in politics, in 1859, when but twenty-eight years old, Mr. Ray was chosen representative from Blackstone in the State Legisla ture, of which he was the youngest member, and in 1869 was elected to represent his district in the State Senate. Universalist in religious belief, he was one of the trustees of the church, and the intimate friend, confidant, and adviser of the late Dr. Dean in the building of Dean Academy and the Universalist Church of Franklin, and was the executive of the doctor's bequests, to which he gave his whole time and attention for several years, carrying the entire financial responsibility. To him more than to any other living man are the people of Franklin and the Universalist society indebted for the completion of the beautiful church and Dean Academy. By his kind ness of heart, unfailing courtesy, his known integrity, fine social qualities, skill in business and financial operations, Mr. Ray has won the respect and confi dence of his fellow-citizens, and particularly of those who have been brought into intimate connection with him. He is treasurer of various manufacturing cor porations, was an incorporator, and is director and treasurer of the Milford, Franklin and Providence Rail road Company. As a business man he has few if any superiors. Both James and Joseph have contributed largely to church advancement and support. They have been connected personally and financially with every im portant business undertaking begun in Franklin since the organization of the firm of Ray Brothers. In 1856 their mill at South Mendon was burned, and imme diately rebuilt. In 1858 they sold a right to raise a dam for a new mill built by Edward Harris in the north part of Woonsocket. This caused the water to flow back and so injure their manufactory at South Mendon that they closed up business there, removing the machinery to Unionville. Frank B. retired from the firm of Ray Brothers in 1860, the business being continued by the two other members under firm-title of J. P. & J. G. Bay. This firm purchased the Bartlett mill at Woonsocket, where they manufactured cotton sheetings, and in 1873 they, with Oscar J. Rathburn, president of the Harris Woolen Company, formed the firm of Rays, Rathburn & Co., which now owns and operates Jenckesville Mills, of Woon socket. In 1865, J. P. & J. G. Ray purchased the woolen-mill in North Bellingham, which was built in 1810 by their father, and of which he was part owner. Here they manufacture satinets as Ray Woolen Com pany. Their first mill in Franklin was built in 1870, and used in making " shoddy." The firm of Rathburn & Mackenzie was formed in 1872 by James P. and Joseph G. Ray, Oscar J. Rathburn, and Charles J. Mackenzie, and built a mill for the manufacture of feltings. In 1874, J. P. & J. G. Ray purchased an in terest in Franklin Felting Company, reorganizing it as Franklin Woolen Company. In 1877 they built a brick mill at Franklin in which to manufacture fancy cassimeres. In 1876 they purchased the original mill of the Putnam Manufacturing Company, at Putnam, which was built by Hosea Ballou, of Woonsocket, and also City Mills, in Franklin. Their business and finan cial progress since 1847 has been steady and satisfac tory. Commencing in both branches of textile Indus- 186 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. tries with the lower grades of work, they have advanced step by step, making, in cottons, first batting, next wicking, next twine, then seamless bags, and finally finished cloths. In woolen, first shoddy, next satinets, then fancy cassimeres, without abandoning any branch on taking up another. Edgau K. Ray, son of James P. and Susan (Knapp) Ray, was born in Franklin, Mass., July 17, 1844. After a common-school and academic educa tion, was fitted for business by his father and uncles, and has been associated with them since 1865, and in 1870 became a partner in both the firms of J. P. & J. G. Ray, and Ray, Rathburn & Mackenzie. He is treasurer of Putnam Manufacturing Company, and vice-president of their Woonsocket corporation ; is an active, energetic, and successful business man. SHADRACH ATWOOD, M.D. Shadrach Atwood, M.D., was born in Carver, Plymouth Co., Mass., May 17, 1801. His parents were Francis and Elizabeth (Ward) Atwood. His grandfather, Benjamin Ward, was a captain in the colonial army of the Revolution, and his grandfather, William Atwood, was a lieutenant in the same service. Francis Atwood was a farmer, and in 1811 he purchased a farm in Middleborough, and removed thither. Shadrach remained with his parents until he was twenty-one, having advantages of education only in a small district school until be was nineteen, when he attended the academy at South Bridgewater. A few months thereafter he engaged as teacher in a district school, but becoming acquainted with a new and remarkably successful system of teaching gram mar, he engaged in teaching that as a specialty, with marked results for some time. He then began the study of Latin preparatory to a college course, and when twenty-two years old he went to Amherst, and, after some preliminary academical study, entered Amherst College, where he remained ahout eighteen months. Here he made rapid progress, showing those qualities of determination and tenacity of pur pose so strongly shown in his entire career, and which, when a mere child, caused his father to say, " I never told Shadrach to do a thing which he did not accomplish, and never heard him say ' I can't do it.' " About 1825 he began the study of medicine under Dr. Arad Thompson, of Middleborough, but after a few months went to Boston, and attended three courses of lectures at Harvard Medical School, becoming also a student in the office and assisting in the practice of the celebrated Dr. Winslow Lewis. He made good use of the opportunities afforded him and was graduated from Harvard in February, 1830. He soon commenced his long and successful medical practice by establishing himself at Marlboro', whence after eighteen months' time, he removed to Belling ham, where he was located for several years. In 1836 or 1837 he changed his residence to Franklin which, with temporary absences, has been his home to the present. In 1878 he gave up active practice and retired after a professional career of success and profit of nearly half a century. He built up a large practice, was active, energetic, and won many friends. His nature is positive, and from peculiar circum stances he was early thrown entirely on his own re sources in his profession, and developed self-reliance, care, and close observation — almost minute — of all his cases. He was remarkable for his skill in diagnosing disease, and very successful in his treat ment. He made his profession his life work, and gave to it all the strength of his manhood and the vigor of his nature. In 1866 he removed to Wrentham, where he resided four years. While re turning to Franklin, and while some of his goods had been conveyed thither, an incendiary fire burned the house in Wrentham, with his library, books of account, and much other valuable property. Notwithstanding these and other reverses, he is to-day one of Frank lin's substantial cititzens. In politics, in early life he was an ¦' Old Line Whig," departing from the Democratic principles of his fathers, but after the dissolution of the Whig party he affiliated with the Democratic party, and has since supported it and its candidates. In 1847 ho was elected to represent the town of Franklin in the State Legislature by an unprecedented majority, and while in the Legislature was largely instrumental in securing the charter for the Norfolk County Railroad (an extension of the railroad from Walpole to Black stone), which gave railroad facilities to Franklin, and marked a new era in its growth and prosperity. Of this road he was one of the incorporators. He was at one time a director of the Benjamin Franklin Savings Bank, of Franklin. He married (1) Nov. 28, 1832, Mrs. Ruth M. Pond, daughter of Cyrus and Ruth (Makepeace) Snow. She died, leaving no offspring, Nov. 7, 1862 ; (2) Nov. 27, 1878, Charlotte M., daughter of Walter Harris Gay and Sally A. Hawkins, his wife. She is a native of Franklin. Dr. Atwood has stood high among his profes sional brethren, has honored his domestic rela- wv ¦'..-; £*#.%.AJTF.ib ^/Z^7^,£^ e--z-z_ /V^ygeA^ &C4-* FRANKLIN. 187 tions, his social and official obligations, and enjoys the esteem of a large and honorable circle of friends and acquaintances. STEPHEN W. RICHARDSON. The origin of the family name of Richardson, which is so numerously represented in this portion of the State, and, in fact, through the whole country, is thus given in an English work, " Camden's Remains Concerning Brittaine :" "William Belward, Lord of the moiety of Malpasse, soon after the Norman Con quest, had two sons ; the younger, Richard, named from hiss size Richard the Little. One of the sons of the last-named Richard was called John Richardson, taking his father's name with the addition of son for his surname. Hence came the name and family of Richardson." It is now found in nearly every county of England, and during the past seven hundred years has been prominent in nearly all departments of human life, civil, military, literary, and ecclesiastical. Of the numerous descendants of the old Norman settling in America in early colonial days, we find John Richardson, at Watertown, in 1636, perhaps in 1635. Vinton, in his " Richardson Memorial," say- of him : " Feb. 28, 1836-37, he and ' all the towns men then inhabiting' had each a grant of one acre in the Beaver Brook Plowlands, ' bounded on the Great Dividend Lots on the north side, and Charles River on the south.' This, we believe, was all the land he owned in Watertown. It forbids the idea of his re maining there, and so we find him no more in that place. We find him, or another of the same name, in Exeter, in 1642, as a witness to a deed, and probably shall not err if we set him down as the ancestor of that large and eminently respectable family of Richard son who, from 1679, spread themselves out through Medfield, Medway, Wrentham, Franklin, Leominster, Barre, and many other towns." John Richardson (2), believed by Vinton after careful investigation to be son of the above, married in Medfield, Rebekah, daughter of Joseph and Alice Clark, early settlers in Medfield, then Dedham, and settled in East Medway, where he died May 29, 1697. (See "Richardson Memorial.") Ho had seven children, the oldest of whom, John (3), born Aug. 25, 1679, married Esther Breck, whose father assisted in repelling Indian assaults on the garrison house at East Medway. He was a cordwainer by trade, as was his father, but abandoned that for hus bandry. He had a number of tracts of land, and died May 19, 1759. His wife died of cancer, Aug. 17, 1774, aged ninety-five. They had twelve chil dren, of whom John (4) was second. He was born in Medway (Old Medfield), Oct. 22, 1701. He married, May 5, 1730, Jemima, daughter of Edward and Rebecca (Fisher) Gay. (She was born in what is now called Franklin, then Wrentham.) When he was twenty-three years old his father purchased fifty- four acres of wild land for him, paying therefor £60. (This is now a part of the Stephen W. Richardson farm.) Mr. Richardson was an energetic, active, and capable man of business, and bought and sold much property. He was a carpenter by trade. Both he and his wife were church members early in life. When the church in the West Precinct of Wrentham, now Franklin, was formed (Feb. 27, 1738), they were among the number dismissed from the Wren tham Church to constitute this. He died Nov. 5, 1767. His wife survived him, living till Dec. 26, 1782. They had seven children. John (5) was third child and second son. He was born July 2, 1735. While a young man he worked at his trade, house-carpentry. He married, Nov. 23, 1757, Abigail, daughter of Deacon Moses and Hannah (Walker) Haven, and cousin of Rev. Elias Haven, the first minister of Franklin. For ten years he lived in Framingham, but after his father's death he returned to Franklin (Wrentham), and buying the homestead from his brothers, Eiisha and Eli, resided there until his death. This deed was dated April 6, 1770, and, for £200, transfers eighty-five acres of land, with all buildings thereon. " During nearly thirty years John Richardson was the nearest neighbor of his brother Eiisha. They lived less than a third of a mile apart. They were strongly attached to each other, and lived in great harmony, having farming implements and other things in common. John, in particular, was a man of great amiableness and gentleness of character." His will was made May 4, 1809, the day of his death. In his will " John Wilkes Richardson, laborer," is called " my only beloved son." He gave him by deed, Sept. 16, 1796, one-half of the homestead farm, contain ing one hundred acres, and one-half of the dwelling- house and other buildings thereon. This John Wilkes Richardson was the sixth in direct descent from John the emigrant, and was born in Franklin, Mass., Dec. 30, 1774. He lived and died on the ancestral home owned in the family from 1724. He was a farmer, of sound judgment and great worth. He taught common schools in Franklin and adjacent towns for thirty-one successive winters. He was for several years an assessor of Franklin, and held other offices of trust. It is worthy HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. of note that he was the first child with a middle name baptized in Franklin. He married Matilda Kings bury, Nov. 3, 1796, and had three children, — Abigail, (married Noyes Payson Hawes), John Haven, and Stephen Wilkes. He died Sept. 15, 1843. Stephen Wilkes Richardson, whose portrait accompanies this sketch, is the seventh in direct de scent from John Richardson the emigrant, the line being John1, John2, John3, John4, John5, John Wilkes6, Stephen Wilkes7. He was born March 30, 1813, on the homestead mentioned above, which, in an improved condition, is now his home. He was educated at the common schools of Franklin, and at Day's Academy, Wrentham, and early became a teacher. He had good success in this avocation, but after several terms he relinquished it for book-keep ing. He was book-keeper in the office of the Boston Journal when that paper was established in 1834 ; it was then called the Mercantile Journal. He married, first, May 6, 1835, Eliza, daughter of Amos and Abi gail Bullard, of East Medway, who died Oct. 17, 1844 ; second, Feb. 6, 1845, Mary Bullard, sister of Eliza. She died April 30, 1883. His five children were all by his first wife, of whom two, John War ren and Henry Bullard, now are living. Mr. Rich ardson has been chairman of the town board of asses sors almost consecutively for twenty-five years ; repre sented the towns of Franklin and Bellingham in the State Legislature in 1858 ; was assistant assessor of internal revenue for United States government from 1862 to 1871 ; was trial justice from 1871 to 1874 ; has been continuously engaged in probate business since 1843, and settled many estates, besides holding other offices of prominence and trust. He has fre quently been requested to act as referee in the settle ment of controversies between parties, and very seldom has an appeal been taken from the award or decision made by him. In all relations of official trust and private business Mr. Richardson has shown rare good judgment and sterling integrity. Quiet and un assuming in his manners, he is firm of principle and courageous in his convictions, and no man ever more fully enjoyed the esteem of the solid men and sub stantial citizens of his vicinity than he. John Warren Richardson (eighth generation), born Sept. 8, 1839, is engaged in agriculture, and has built up, in connection therewith, a fruit-cannino- business of considerable importance. He has been thrice married, first, Dec. 4, 1862, to Elmira L. Ma son, daughter of Orion and Tama Walker Mason, of Medway ; she died May 18, 1874 ; second, April 22, 1875, to Sarah A. Metcalf, of Medway. His chil dren are John M., Mary, William S., and Henry (de ceased), by his first wife ; by his second wife, Albert M., Helen E., and George W. Henry Bullard Richardson (eighth genera tion), born May 21, 1844, prepared for college at Phillips (Exeter) Academy ; was graduated from Amherst College in 1869 ; married, July 13,1869, Mary E. Lincoln, of Amherst. They have three children, — Mary L., Carrie A., and Henry S. Mr. Richardson is now professor of German in Amherst College. CHAPTER XVIII. RANDOLPH. BY A. E. SPROUL. To attempt a just treatment, within circumscribed limits, of a town so rich in historical material as Ran dolph, is almost an impertinence in itself. It not only necessitates the vigorous application of the literary pruning-knife in the lopping off of many details which, to the reader, are none the less inter esting because in some respects trivial, but it also compels the omission of those quaint old letters, docu ments, and memoranda of various kinds, which serve so well in giving an insight into the home-life of the original settlers, their means of instruction or amuse ment, and their humble every-day avocations. But what must be, must be. Some day, and by some gifted hand, the history of this ancient town will be worthily written. For present purposes, however, what follows may, perhaps, in some degree serve to present a few facts, which may do their greatest good in supplying suggestions for that other writer who is to come after, while, at the same time, they are not altogether without present interest. General History. — Randolph is the daughter of Braintree and the mother of Holbrook. It came very near being the twin-sister of Quincy, which had said " good-by " to the mother-town but a year earlier, and there is little doubt that the setting off of the last-named town served to stimulate to renewed efforts the advocates of separation who lived at the opposite extremity of the ancient town of Braintree. The latter was incorporated in 1640. In 1775 it contained two thousand four hundred and thirty-three inhabitants, and in 1790 the number had increased to two thousand seven hundred and seventy-one. The town was divided into three precincts, — North, Middle, and South. The North Precinct included RANDOLPH. 189 substantially the present town of Quincy ; the Middle, the present town of Braintree ; the South, the present towns of Randolph and Holbrook. At a meeting of the South Precinct, held March 15, 1792, it was voted "that Samuel Niles, Esq., Lieut. Nathaniel Niles, Dr. Ephraim Wales, Joseph White, Samuel Bass, and Col. Seth Turner be a committee, with dis cretionary power, to endeavor to effect a separation between this parish and Mr. Weed's parish, by measuring and forming a plan of the two parishes, sustaining the claims of the South Parish for a di vision before the General Court, or doing anything they may think proper for the purpose aforesaid." At a precinct meeting specially warned and held June 15, 1792, it was voted that, " Whereas, a petition has been presented to the General Court for a division of the town of Braintree, by a large number of signers, Hon. Samuel Niles, Dr. Ephraim Wales, Samuel Bass, Col. Seth Turner, Seth Mann, Joseph White, and Lieut. Nathaniel Niles be chosen a committee, with discretionary powers, to sustain the aforesaid petition until the passage of it shall be granted." Judge Samuel Niles, the chairman of the committee, was a resident in the south part of the present town of Braintree. It was intended and expected by the petitioners that Cranberry Brook, leading from Co chato River to Cranberry Pond, would be the divid ing line between the two towns ; but that line being objected to, it was finally decided that the division line should run so as to include the farm of Judge Niles in Braintree, and not in Randolph. The peti tion was warmly opposed, yet the prayer of it was ultimately granted, and the South Precinct was in corporated as a town March 9, 1793, by the name of Randolph. At the State-House in Boston are preserved many interesting old documents relating to Randolph, most of them being petitions, etc., of the period just pre vious to the incorporation of the town . As specimens, a copy of one of the leading petitions in favor of the setting off of the town is below given, followed by a sample " remonstrance," aud, further on, by a copy of the act of incorporation and annexed document : " To theHonWe Senate, and the HonWe House of Representa tives in General Court assembled : " The Petition of the Inhabitants of the South Precinct of Braintree most respectfully shews — That your Petitioners from long Experience have found the inconvenience of being Con nected with the other parts of the town of Braintree — As the town is very long & narrow; the Centre of said South Precinct is more than five miles distant from the middle precinct meeting house: which is the usual and most convenient place of holding town meetings, while the town remains in its present form : which makes it necessary that nearly one half of your Peti tioners should travel five miles and upwards to attend every town meeting : or otherwise which is frequently the Case ; they are oblig'd to submit to the Centre of the town's transacting the whole of the Business : which they do, as your Petitioners think, with a very Partial Eye to their own Interests. " And as travelling is often very bad at March and April meetings, it is difficult, & many times impossible for Elderly & in firm people to improve the Priviliges they might otherwise do ; & which every freeman wishes to enjoy. Many other disadvantages peculiar to your Petitioners' extreem situation in the town — will be made more fully to appear should your Honors grant them a hearing. " And your petitioners wish further to sugest, that the South Precinct aforesaid, in its present form, is very incommodious & irregular and was owing originally to a Cause, which now ceases to exist : viv. : When the Division of the middle & South Precinct was first proposed, the Rev4 Mr Niles was Min ister of both in one, and owned a large farm, which inciroled several other farms, that lay within the bounds of the proposed South Precinct ; but the Reva Mr Niles being willing his own farm should lye within the limits of his own parish — opposed the South parish's going off unless he might be thus gratified: and as he was then a man of much Influence, your Petitioners were obliged to relinquish said farms, or continue, very much to their disadvantage, a part of his parish — the former of the two evils — they submitted to. But circumstances relative to said farms are now far different : a considerable part of said Mr. Niles's farm is now owned by Residents in the South Precinct — and the Proprietors of the other farms aforesaid, are desirous of improving the advantages they ought long since to have en joyed, by joining the South Precinct — as they are much nearer to that meeting than their own. Your Petitioners wish, there fore, to be set off from the other parts of the town of Brain tree, in connection with the proprietors of the aforesaid farms, as a seperate town : and your Petitioners as in Duty bound shall ever pray : " Joshua Howard Seth Turner, Jn' Ephraim Wales Joshua Clark Ebenr Alden Enoch Hubba Seth Turner Thos Wales Seth Man Silas Pain John Stetson Robart Whitcomb Nath1 Niles Joseph Belcher Jon" Wales Richd Belcher Isaac Niles John Dunham Joseph Spear Nath1 Holb*, Jn'. Seth Hunt Joseph White, Jr. Zacheus Thayer Benj" Thayer Richard Thayer Levi Thayer, Jr. Lot White John Whitcomb Lewis Lothrop Jona Randal Levi Thayer Noah Whitcomb, Jr. Rufus Thayer Caleb White Reuben Thayer David Whitcomb Hopeful Bradley Timothy Thayer Atkins Clark Simeon Thayer Benjn Man Simeon Thayer, Jr. Benj" Silvester, Jr. Thayer Eiisha Man Nath1 Hunt, Jr. Gideon Hunt James White Timothy Sloan Joseph Porter Philip Silvester Zenas French Sam1 Lull Will™ Linfield, Jr. Joseph Tower Joseph White Will™ Kimball Sol0 White Eleazer Beal Jacob Clark Zebu11 Howard, Jr. Silas Chapman 190 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. Ebenr Niles Mesheck Thayer Simeon Spear Isaac Snell Moses Wales Benjn Linfield Sam1 Linfield Will™ Linfield, 3d. David Linfield Benjn Howard Isaac Spear • Atherton Wales John Spear John Burrage Frederick Read Zebedee Randall James Kingman Oliver Thayer Bar9 Clark Nath: Spear Adonijah French Jos: Riford John French Sam1 Stetson John Niles Jona Spear Joshua Spear Deering Spear Ebenr Crane [Indorsed on Josh Kingman Israel Beals John White Will™ Linfield Hry: Ludden Adam Hollis Nath1 Hubb*. Gideon Stetson Lem1 Clark Jona Belcher Sam1 Belcher Ephm Belcher Sam1 Belcher, Jr. John May Isaac Thayer, Jr. Lewison Howard Aron Howard Micah White Silas Clark Abioger Howard Seth Man, Jun1". Timothy Thayer Sam1 Thayer Elias Spear Ion*1 Holbrook Howard Faxon Jona Curtis Jerh Monk Eiisha Wales'' back as follows :] "In the House of Representatives, Jan? 17th, 1792. " Read & committed to the standing Committee on Incor porations, to consider report. " Sent up for concurrence. "D. COBB, Sp7cr. "In Senate, Jan? 18th, 1792. " Read & Concurred. "SAMl. PHILLIPPS, PresidK" " We the Subscribers Inhabitants of the Now North Pre cinct in Braintree being Deeply imprest With the Disagree able Situation of this once Respectable Town of Braintree a Town Which has Produced Some of the first Characters amongst man kind and Even those Who have arisen to Exalted Stations Amongst the Rulers of our Country, the old North Precinct are already got off from us and incorporated into a Town by the Name of Quincy and our Breathren of the South Precinct are Now Petitioning the General Court to be set off and incorporated into a Town by Some other name should the Prayer of their Petition be granted there will be but a small Part of their old Town of Braintree left to bare up the Name, it appears to us that the Reasons Why our Brethren in the South Precinct are aiming to git off from us is that tbey Sup pose the Number of Inhabitants in this Now north Precinct Will be greater than in the South Precinct and by that means tbey Will be Exposed to have Voted from them those Privi leges Which they have a Just Right to. now to Ease the minds of our Brethren in that Respect We the Subscribers do hereby upon our Words and Honour Which in the Nature of the thing is the strongest obligation that We can lay our Selves under Engage that We Will at All times as far as We are able prevent their having Just Cause of Complaint in that Respect and We do hereby Declare that if they Will Withdraw their Petition Which We think Will be to their advatage as Well as ours and Equally so that We are Willing that the meetings Shall be held Alternately and that our Breathren of the Said South Precinct shall have Every advantage from the Suffrages of the People at Large if We Continue together Without Seperation Which they Shall have any Just Reason to Expect and at the same time that We may Experience the same benevo lence from them and that We may Continue together in Brotherly Love and Unity is the Sincear and hearty Wish of Us the Subscribers. : James Faxon Eiisha French Adam Hobart Jonathan Thayer Josiah French Calvin Thayer Abraham Thayer Jonathan Holbrook Jonathan Thayer, Jr. Nathanial Thayer Moses Holbrook Caleb Holbrook, 2d. Stephen Penniman, Jr. Philip Thayer William Thayer Jonathan Derby Joshua Sampson Caleb Hayward Abijah Allen Ebenezer Thayer, Jr. Caleb Faxon Zachariah M.Thayer Nehemiah Hayden, Jr. Eliphaz Thayer Silas Wild Micah Wild Jonathan Wild Levi Wild Samuel Holbrook Caleb French Lemuel Veazie James Tower Elkanah Thayer Moses French Ephraim Blanchard, Jr. Seth Copeland William Allen Job Thayer William Brigg David P. Hayward Daniel Hayward Barnabas Thayer Benjamin Veazie Ambrose Salisbury Thomas Hollis, Jr. Nathaniel Hollis William Reed Ebenezer Clark Richard Thayer Robert Hayden Caleb Hobart Thomas Wild Lemuel Clark Benjamin Hayden, Jr. James Penniman Eli Hayden Ebenezer Denton Joseph Allen Josiah Vinton William Penniman Bartimeus White Increase Bates Daniel Loring Jonathan Hayward Nathaniel Hayward Hobart Clark John Hayward William Harmon Nehemiah Holbrook Daniel Fogg Jesse Pratt" " Commonwealth ov Massachusetts. "In the year of our Lord One Thousand Seven Hundred and Ninety-three. "Ax Act for incorporating the South Precinct of the Town of Braintree in the County of Suffolk into a separate Town by the name of Randolph. " -Se it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives in General Court assembled, and by the authority of the same, That the lands comprised within the South Precinct in Braintree, as the same is now bounded, with the inhabitants dwelling there on, be, and they hereby are, incorporated into «. town, by the name of Randolph; and the said town of Randolph is hereby invested with all the powers, privileges, and immunities ,to which towns within this Commonwealth are, or may be, en titled, agreeably to tho Constitution and Laws of the said Commonwealth. "And be it further enacted, by the authority aforesaid, That the inhabitants of the said town of Randolph shall pay all the arrears of taxes which have been assessed upon them by the I RANDOLPH. 191 town of Braintree, and shall support any poor person or persons who have heretofore been, or now are, inhabitants of that part of Braintree which is hereby incorporated, and are or may be come chargeable, and who shall not have obtained a settlement elsewhere, when they may become chargeable ; and such poor person or persons may be returned to the town of Randolph, in the same way and manner that paupers may, by law, be re turned to the town or district to which they belong. And the inhabitants of the said town of Randolph shall pay their pro portion of all debts now due from the town of Braintree, and shall be entitled to receive their proportion of all debts and moneys now due to the said town of Braintree; and also their proportionable part of all other property of the said town of Braintree, of what kind or description soever. Prorided al ways, That the lands belonging to the said town of Braintree, for the purpose of maintaining schools, shall be divided between the said town of Braiotree and the said town of Randolph, in the same proportion as they were respectively assessed for the payment of the last State tax. "Provided nevertheless, and be it further enacted, That any of the inhabitants now dwelling within the bounds of said town of Randolph, who have remonstrated against the division of the town of Braintree, and who may be desirous of belonging to said town of Braintree, shall, at any time within six months from the passing of this act, by returning their names to the Secretary's Office, and signifying their desire of belonging to said Braintree, have that privilege, and shall, with their polls and estates, belong to and be a part of said Braintree, by pay ing their proportion of all taxes which shall have been laid on said town of Randolph, previously to their thus returning their names, as they would by law have been holden to pay had they continued to be a part of the town of Randolph. " And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That Samuel Niles, Esq., be and he is hereby authorized to issue his warrant, directed to some principal inhabitant of the said town of Randolph, requiring him to warn and give notice to the in habitants of the said town, to assemble and meet, at some suit able time and place, in the said town of Randolph, as soon as conveniently may be, to choose all such Officers as towns are re quired to choose, at their annual town-meeting in the month of March or April, annually. "In the House of Representatives, March 5th, 1793. This Bill having had three several readings, passed to be Enacted. " Sent up for concurrence. " David Cobb, Spkr. " In Senate, March 6th, 1793. "This Bill having had two several readings, passed to be enacted. "Sasil. PuiLLirs, Prsdt. " By the Governor, "Approved March 9th, 1793. " Jons Hancock." [Attached to the original parchment copy of the foregoing act is the following supplementary document :] "Whereas, By an act of the Great and General Court passed in the year of our Lord 1 793, incorporating a part of the town of Braintree into a town by the name of Randolph, & whereas a number of persons, whose names are hereafter subscribed, living within the limits of the now town of Randolph, did petition that we might still belong to said town of Braintree, and the General Court did in the incorporating act grant us the prayer of our petition, that we should still belong to said town of Brain tree, by leaving our names with the Secretary of this Common wealth, we whose names are hereafter subscribed request that our names may be entered in said office, that we wish all our estates and privileges may still belong to said town of Braintree, agree able to said incorporating act. "Samuel Cheesmax, " Levi Tiiayer, "Noah Cheesman, "Abraham Jones. "Braintree, Juno 6th, 1793. " Secretary's Office, June 13th, 1793. " Received and annexed to the act above mentioned. "John Avery, Jun., Secry. "August 19th, 1793. I join in the above request to belong as heretofore to the town of Braintree, South Precinct. "Timothy Thayer." Peyton Randolph, for whom the town was named, was born in Virginia in 1723. He was the second son of Sir John Randolph, and was graduated at Wil liam and Mary College. He studied law at the Temple in London, was appointed in 1748 royal attorney- general for Virginia, and, having been elected to the House of Burgesses, became chairman of a committee to revise the laws of Virginia. In 1752 he visited England as a commissioner to seek redress for griev ances, and in 176-4 framed the remonstrance of the House of Burgesses to the king against the passage of the stamp act ; but after its passage he discountenanced Patrick Henry's celebrated " five resolutions'' of 1765. He resigned the office of attorney-general in 1766, and was Speaker of the House of Burgesses for several years thereafter. He was chairman of the " com mittee of vigilance," chosen March 10, 1773, and was an efficient worker in promoting, through correspond ence, a concert of action with the other colonies. He presided over the Virginia convention at Wil liamsburg in August, 1774 ; was chosen a delegate to the Continental Congress; was first President of that body upon its meeting at Carpenters' Hall, Philadelphia, on Sept. 5, 1774, though from ill health he soon resigned that post ; presided over the second Virginia convention at Richmond, on March 20, 1775 ; was again chosen Speaker of the Continental Congress when it reassembled at Philadelphia on May 10, 1775, but resigned May 24th, returning to Virginia to preside over the House of Burgesses. A few months later he resumed his seat in Congress. He died of apoplexy at Philadelphia on Oct. 22, 1775, and was buried in the chapel of William and Mary College. His memory was still fresh in the minds of his countrymen, therefore, when, less than eighteen years later, it became necessary for the sturdy patriots who were the pioneers of the present town of Ran dolph to fix upon a name for their young munici pality. Who shall say that they did not make a wise, a worthy, and a dignified selection ? The first town-meeting was held on April 1, 1793, by virtue of a warrant issued by Hon. Samuel Niles, 192 HISTORY OP NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. in accordance with a provision contained in the act of incorporation. Dr. Ephraim Wales was chosen mod erator ; Samuel Bass, Esq., clerk and treasurer ; Joseph White, Jr., Dr. Ebenezer Alden, and Micah White, Jr., selectmen. Samuel Bass, Esq., Col. Seth Turner, and Lieut. Nathaniel Niles were appointed a committee to settle with the town of Braintree. The whole number of ballots cast for Governor was eighty, of which John Hancock, Esq., had seventy-five ; El- bridge Gerry, Esq., four ; Samuel Adams, Esq., one. The number of ballots cast for Lieutenant-Governor was fifty-four, of which Samuel Adams, Esq., had fifty- three, and John Hancock, Esq., one. Samuel Bass, Esq., was elected representative to the General Court, May 16, 1793. At the annual meeting of the year 1794 the town officers of the preceding year were re-elected and the following votes, among others, were passed : " Voted, That the committee appointed to settle with Brain tree shall apply for a division of powder and balls, a.nd in case of a deficiency the selectmen are requested to procure more. " Voted, That the selectmen be requested to build a powder- house in some suitable place, according to their discretion. " Voted, That the surveyors of highways be directed to open all town roads, especially that near Ziba Hayden's ; and that Thomas Wales' district be allowed to fence a new road near to Edward Eaxon's, if they please. " Voted, To lay out a road from Solomon White's to Simeon Thayer's, provided the land be given. This year, of seventy-five ballots cast for Governor, sixty-seven were for Samuel Adams ; and of seventy- one for Lieutenant-Governor, William Heath had sixty. Samuel Bass was re-elected representative. At a town-meeting held Oct. 6, 1794, it was voted to pay every soldier who may enlist, or be enrolled, into the Continental service, fifteen dollars a month for actual service, including the Continental pay ; and six shil lings to each soldier for mustering. It was also voted that should any of the light horsemen enlist, or be drafted, in this town for the Continental army, there shall be one, and one only, entitled to receive the same pay from the town as a foot-soldier. In 1795, Samuel Bass was re-elected town clerk and treasurer, and Samuel Bass, Joseph White, Jr., and Micah White were chosen selectmen. Hon. Samuel Adams had sixty-three votes for Governor, and Moses Gill, Esq., fifty-two votes for Lieutenant-Governor. On May 6th of that year the town voted in favor of a revision of the constitution, — twenty-four yeas against nine nays. The same year, also, it was unanimously voted not to send a representative to the General Court. At the annual town-meeting in 1796, held April 4th, Dr. Ebenezer Alden was chosen modera tor, and the clerk, treasurer, and selectmen of the preceding year were re-elected. Seventy-three votes were cast for Governor, — sixty-eight for Samuel Adams, and five for Increase Sumner, Esq. ; and for Lieutenant-Governor, twenty for Moses Gill, and forty for Benjamin Austin. At a town-meeting held Nov. 7, 1796, for the election of a member of Congress in the second southern district, Rev. John Reed, of Bridgewater, received nineteen votes, and Rev. Sam uel Niles, of Abington, eighteen. At the same meet ing the votes for an elector of President and Vice- President of the United States in the same district stood as follows : Hon. Edward H. Robbins, seven • William Seaver, twelve ; Ebenezer Thayer, twenty- one ; Benjamin Beale, two. In 1797 the town clerk, treasurer, and selectmen of the previous year were re elected. The votes for Governor were : Increase Sumner, seventeen ; Moses Gill, fifteen ; James Sul livan, fifty-seven ; for Lieutenant-Governor, Moses Gill, thirty-three. On May 15th, Samuel Bass was elected representative, but declined serving, and the meeting dissolved. The year 1798 brought no change in the town officers, and at the annual meeting a committee was chosen, consisting of Maj. Barnabas Clark, Lieut. Nathaniel Niles, Joseph White, Samuel Temple, and Samuel Bass, to petition Congress not to allow our merchantmen to arm their vessels at sea. Of sixty- six votes cast for Governor, Increase Sumner had eleven ; William Heath, fifty-two ; James Sullivan, two. For Lieutenant-Governor, Moses Gill had thirty-four, and William Heath, one. On May 3d it was voted unanimously not to send a representative to the General Court that year. The annual meeting for the year 1799 was held on April 1st, when Deacon Zaccheus Thayer was chosen town clerk and treas urer, and Capt. Thomas French, Joseph White, and Micah White, selectmen. It was voted to give a premium of twenty-five cents a head on all old crows killed in the town between May 1st and June 1st, " the heads to be exhibited to the town clerk within one week after they are killed." William Heath received one hundred and twenty votes for Governor, Increase Sumner, eleven, and Moses Gill, two. For Lieutenant- Governor, Moses Gill had one hundred and fourteen votes, and William Heath, one. The town sent no representative to the General Court during that year. In 1800, Samuel Bass was elected town clerk and treasurer, and Samuel Bass, Joseph White, and Micah White selectmen. Hon. Elbridge Gerry received one hundred and nine votes for Governor, and Hon. Caleb Strong twenty-one votes. For Lieutenant-Gov ernor, Moses Gill had one hundred and sixteen votes, and William Heath, six. On May 15th Joseph White was elected representative to the General Court by RANDOLPH. 193 forty-two out of seventy-one votes cast. At an election held November 3d, Josiah Smith received seventy- three votes, Nahum Mitchell eighteen, and Benjamin Whitman four, as representative to Congress from the second southern district. The following table exhibits at one view the amounts raised for town and school expenses, respec tively, in each of the years from 1793 to 1800, inclu sive, as given by Dr. Alden : Year. Town Expenses. Support of Schools. 1793 £300 £50 1794 300 50 1795 50 50 1796 $250 1797 $500 333$ 1798 '. 400 200 1799 400 250 1800 500 305 The school money was annually distributed among the districts according to the number of families con tained in each. During this period, and for many years subsequently, the highway tax was assessed sep arately, committed to the surveyors in the several dis tricts, and was made payable in labor on the road at a fixed price per day, varying in different years from three shillings to one dollar, the latter being the most common allowance. The number of poor was not great, and they were boarded and cared for in some of the families of the town, being usually let out to the lowest bidder. The whole number thus supported in 1800 was seven, and the price paid per week varied from Is. 5d. to 5s., the average being rather more than half a dollar. Persons so supported were commonly able to perform some light labor, which was for the benefit of the families in which they resided, and diminished the expense of their support. Clothing and other extraordinary charges were paid for by the town. "Seventy years ago," wrote Dr. Alden in 1857, "Randolph was a quiet, agricultural parish, contain ing probably one hundred and thirty to one hundred and forty families, and not far from seven hundred inhabitants. With the exception of a few persons (perhaps one hundred connected with the society of Rev. Mr. Briggs, then recently organized), all met together in one congregation for public worship on the Sabbath. Such was their confidence in each other that probably not twenty families thought of bolting the doors of their dwellings at night. A painted house was an unusual sight. A carpet on a floor was rarely seen ; not a dozen were to be found in the town when it was incorporated. Tallow candles of domestic manufacture were used for lights. There were no lamps then in use but the primitive one of an iron cup with a wick projecting from one side over the 13 rim, fed by refuse lard or some similar substance, and a coarsely-made tin lamp constructed on the same principle. The state of the roads forbade the use of wheeled carriages for the conveyance of persons. Be tween this town and Abington and South Weymouth there was no communication except through the woods by bridle-paths. Market-men conveyed their articles to Boston in paniards [panniers?]. The principal road to Boston was through Braintree and Quincy to Milton Mills, thence through Dorchester and Roxbury. The road through the Blue Hills was exceedingly circuitous and nearly impassable. What would our fathers of that period have thought of being wheeled through the air to the metropolis in thirty minutes after leaving their homes, and that independently of horse- or ox-power ? If such a thing had been pre dicted as possible, would they not have exclaimed, ' Behold ! if the Lord would make windows in heaven might this thing be?' " And the present writer hopes it is not irreverent to inquire what Dr. Alden himself would have " exclaimed" had any one told him, even in his later day, that the time would come, for instance, when a Randolph citizen might converse with a friend miles away over a slender wire ? The world does move, and the end is not yet. The original town of Randolph was bounded on the north by Milton, Quincy, and Braintree; easterly, by Weymouth ; southerly, by Abington and North Bridgewater (the latter being the present thriving young city of Brockton) ; westerly, by Stoughton and Canton. Its length from north to south was about seven miles ; its breadth, from one and one-half to four miles ; its bearing from the State-House in Bos ton south, four degrees east ; distance from the State- House, thirteen miles. Its average distance from the sea was about six miles ; average elevation above tide water, about one hundred and fifty feet ; area, about eighteen square miles, or eleven thousand four hun dred and thirty-five acres, of which Ponkapog Pond occupies one hundred and six acres, Great Pond (for merly called More's Pond) thirty-eight acres, and other ponds about ten acres. The summit level between Massachusetts and Narragansett Bays lay in the southerly portion of the town, one hundred and thirty-four feet above high-water mark at Weymouth Landing. A narrow valley passed through the town from north to south. Through this valley flowed the Cochato River, which had its rise in Howard's meadow and the Middle swamp in the southerly part of the town, forming a dividing line between the East and West villages, and receiving, as it progressed, accessions from streams rising in the Three, Bear, and Tunkawaton swamps. The soil was- denominated 194 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. " strong," and was in many parts rocky ; the surface was undulating, without great elevations or deep de pressions. The two principal villages were situated on roads about one mile distant, east and west, from the Cochato River, running parallel with it, and were respectively known as " West- Randolph" and " East Randolph." When what is now known as the Old Colony Rail road was built, the line running from South Braintree, by the way of Bridgewater and Middleboro', to Fall River, passed midway between the two villages. The station (the same which is now known as Holbrook) was called Randolph. Some years later, however, when the railroad line from South Braintree to Fall River, via Taunton, was constructed, it was laid out directly through the village of West Randolph, and gave a new impetus to the business of that section of the town. The East and West villages did not grow together, however, as was hoped, and finally, in 1872, East Randolph was incorporated as Holbrook (treated at length elsewhere in this volume), and the word " West" was forever dropped from the appellation of the remaining village, now the town of Randolph. Under appropriate heads will be given particulars of the development of the town in various directions. First in importance, as in interest, the churches claim attention. Ecclesiastical History. — The year 1727 found so many inhabitants at the south end of the South Precinct of Braintree (the territory now covered by the towns of Randolph and Holbrook), and they were so distant from their old meeting-house, that they de termined to have a precinct, meeting-house, and min ister of their own. Their petition to this effect to the General Court (still preserved) is dated Dec. 28, 1727. They numbered " above forty families." They had already erected a " convenient house," " though it was not yet finished," and were seeking " a suitable minister to preach with us this winter." This petition, signed by twenty-eight leading citizens, was promptly granted. Regular Sabbath services were begun as early as the autumn of 1728, perhaps earlier, but it was not till the spring of 1731 that the people found a minister to please them. His name was Eiisha Eaton, of Taunton. He graduated from Harvard College in 1729. It was voted to give him " seventy-five pounds a year for two years, then rise five pounds a year for two years, and then eighty pounds a year for his salary," and also to give him " an hundred and fifty pounds for settlement." Mr. Eaton accepted the call, but the church was not yet organized. All the work had thus far been done through the "precinct meeting." The organization of the church was effected on the the 28th of May, 1731 (0. S.), when ten persons entered into solemn covenant with God and one another. Their names were Eiisha Eaton, pastor ; John Niles, Moses Curtis, John Niles, William Copeland, Thomas Wales, David Eames, Samuel Bass, Joseph White, David Slone." Their church was styled " The Third Church in Braintree." The minister was immediately ordained, June 2, 1731 (0. S.). Of this event The Boston News Letter for June 10th gives the following notice : "Braintree, Third Precinct, June 2, 1731. " A church has been lately gathered in this Parish, and the Rev. Mr. Eiisha Eaton was this day ordained the pastor of it. The Rev. Mr. Paine, of Weymouth, began with prayer. The Rev. Mr. Lewis, of Pembroke, preached from 1 Cor. ix. 27," Lest that by any means when I have preached unto others I myself should be a castaway." The Rev. Mr. Niles, of Braintree, gave the charge, and the Rev. Mr. Gay, of Hingham, the fel lowship of the churches.'' The same year in which the pastor was ordained Thomas Wales was elected deacon, and in 1733 Samuel Bass was also appointed to that office. The membership of the little church rose during the first two years to thirty, and in the subsequent years of Mr. Eaton's ministry to one hundred and thirty. The first pastor continued in office till June 7, 1750. He was afterwards settled in Harpswell, Me., where he enjoyed a useful ministry till his death, April 22, 1764. The meeting-house in which Rev. Mr. Eaton be gan his ministry was probably erected (as has been intimated already) in 1727. It was rudely built, in keeping with the wilderness in which it stood. Of paint, fire, steeple, or bell it never boasted. An acre of land for precinct use was obtained of Joseph Crosby for forty shillings. It has been taken rod by rod by the demands of highways, and now forms the public square in the centre of the village, on the border of which the present church stands. The first house was on the northeastern corner of the lot, and near it stood the original school-house, illustrating the familiar lines of Whittier on " Our State:'' "Nor heeds the sceptic's puny hands, While near her school the church spire stands; Nor fears the blinded bigot's rule, While near her church spire stands the school." The second minister of this church was Rev. Moses Taft, of Mendon, who was ordained Aug. 26, 1752, having graduated from Harvard College the preceding year. The ordination sermon (by Rev. John Shaw, of Bridgewater), with the other exercises of the occasion, was printed, together with the con fession of faith presented by the candidate to the RANDOLPH. 195 council, and which was declared " worthy of imitation in these perilous times in like cases, as one proper ex pedient to prevent the further spread of error in the land and dejection in the churches." Mr. Taft's pastorate was the longest in the history of the church, covering thirty-nine years and three months. He died in office Nov. 11, 1791, after an honorable but { not eventful ministry. The most important action of | the parish during this period was the erection of its second house of worship, a beautiful structure, built in 1764. During the last and feeble years of Mr. Taft an associate pastor was sought for him, and found in the person of Rev. Jonathan Strong, who was ordained as junior pastor, Jan. 28, 1789. Mr. StroDg graduated from Dartmouth College in 1786, and studied divinity with Rev. Ephraim Judson, of Taunton, by whom the ordination sermon was preached. The sermon was printed. The ministry thus begun was long and replete with interest. Dr. Strong was quite a giant in his day, physically, mentally, and in things spiritual. He exercised great influence in his pulpit and out of it. In the ecclesi astical affairs of the State he took an important part with the leading ministers of the denomination. Several powerful revivals of religion were enjoyed during Dr. Strong's ministry, and the church had great prosperity under his preaching and pastoral care. While many churches in the opening years of the century were seriously distracted, divided, and some sadly broken up by the theological controversies and religious defections so rife at the time, this church stood united in unshaken loyalty to the doc trines of evangelical religion. It may be interesting to remark that it was in 1813, toward the close of Dr. Strong's pastorate, that the custom of reading the Scriptures as one of the exercises of public worship on the Sabbath was first adopted. In the matter of singing in the house of the Lord important changes had been made earlier. While the people worshiped in the first meeting-house the deacons " set the tune." After the occupation of the second house the precinct regularly appointed "tuners." In 1773 printed music began to be used by vote of the precinct, and singing " in parts" was introduced, and soon after a regular choir. But each step of progress in securing both excellence and vari ety in this important service seems to have been con tested. The ancient German and English custom of "lining off" the hymns one line at a time prevailed in this church till 1781. It was then voted, as a concession to the progressive element, that " the singers shall sing half the time by reading one line, and half the time by reading two lines .'" This cus tom was probably entirely surrendered about the time that Dr. Strong commenced his ministry, when Watts's Psalms and Hymns superseded the revised edition of the Day Psalm-Booh, or New England Psalm- Book, which had long been in use. It will be recognized at once that the pastorate of Dr. Strong was not only important in itself, but also covered a period full of interesting changes and much progress. The honored and beloved pastor was stricken down by sudden illness in the prime of his useful life, and died at the age of fifty years, Nov. 9, 1814. Rev. Thaddeus Pomeroy succeeded, with a brief pastorate. He was born in Southampton, graduated from Williams College in 1810, and was ordained pastor of this church Nov. 22, 1815. On the 15th of December, 1818, forty members of the church, in cluding its two deacons, were dismissed to form the " Second Church," located in East Randolph (now Holbrook). At this period Sabbath-schools were coming into favor among the good people of New England, and this church welcomed the new method of instruction. A school was established on the first Sabbath in May, 1819, Dr. Ebenezer Alden being the first superintendent, and continuing in office for thirty-nine years. Rev. Mr. Pomeroy was dismissed April 26, 1820, and on the 28th of February, 1821, Rev. Calvin Hitchcock was installed the fifth pastor of the church. Dr. Hitchcock proved himself an eminently useful, devoted, and beloved minister. The church rejoiced in marked prosperity under his long-continued labors. A new house of worship was dedicated in 1825, and soon after Dr. Hitchcock's ministry opened the most powerful revival in the history of the church was experienced, as the fruit of which seventy-eight persons came into its communion. Other seasons of larare increase were granted to the earnest and united labors of pastor and people. At the age of sixty-four the honored pastor voluntarily withdrew from the pastorate (June 9, 1851), and resided in Wrentham till his decease, Dec. 3, 1867. He was succeeded by Rev. Christopher Cordley, who was installed March 3, 1852. He gave six years of vigorous service to the cause of Christ in this place, and was then dis missed, Oct. 14, 1858. He was afterwards settled in Lawrence, Mass., where he died June 26, 1866. Rev. Henry E. Dwight was ordained Dec. 29, 1859, and dismissed April 1, 1862. The present attractive and commodious meeting-house was erected in 1860, and was extensively repaired in 1880. Rev. John C. Labaree was installed Dec. 14, 1865, and now remains in office. 196 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. Of the young men who have been trained up in this church and congregation, forty-one have received a college education, twenty-one have consecrated themselves to the Christian ministry, twelve have entered the profession of medicine, and others have made their mark in the legal profession and other prominent positions in active life. The church and parish have received important donations and lega cies at various times, and the history of its funds is interesting. Dr. Ebenezer Alden was clerk of the church for more than half a century, and gathered a great many facts relating to its early affairs. He prepared a valuable manual of the church in 1862, and in various ways contributed very largely to its influence and prosperity. The one hundred and fiftieth anni versary of the organization of this church was suit ably observed June 8, 1881, and the proceedings were published in full. The First Baptist Church of Randolph was organ ized under the following circumstances : In the year 1819 a number of members of the Baptist Church in South Randolph (now East Stoughton), who were residing in the northern part of the town, were de sirous of better church facilities. At a called meet ing, January 28th, it was voted to build, at a cost of not less than five thousand dollars, a house forty-five by fifty feet in dimensions, to be located on grounds donated by Zeba Spear — the present site of the church. The work began at once, and was finished by October. Steps had meantime been taken for a new church organization, which was consummated by a council convened November 3d of the same year. The church thus organized consisted of forty- seven members, all but two of whom came from the parent church at Stoughton. As that church, now over a hundred years old, was then in Randolph, the new organization was styled the North Baptist Church in Randolph, which name it continued to bear till 1875, when by legal enactment it was changed to that which it now bears, viz., the First Baptist Church of Randolph. All of the constituent mem bers are now dead, the last one, Mrs. Polly Spear, passing away in December, 1882. The new church chose as deacons, Seth Alden and Zeba Spear ; as clerk, Thomas W. Tolman ; and as treasurer, Dr. Jonathan Wales. On Feb. 22, 1820, a call was given Rev. Warren Bird, of Foxboro', to become pastor, which call was accepted, and Mr. Bird entered upon his pastorate in April, upon a salary of " £100 lawful money." The following table will give the names of the different pastors and stated supplies, and their terms of service, an asterisk (*) denoting those now deceased : »Warren Bird April, " 1820 May, 1821 *S. C. Dilloway (supply) Sept. 1821 Sept. 1822 ^Benjamin Putnam March, 1823 April, 1829 «Amos Lefavour Maj', 1829 June, 1830 *Joseph M. Driver Nov. 1830 , Oct. 1832 *James M. Coley June, 1833 Feb. 1836 ConantSawyer April, 1S36 Sept. 1838 *Otis Converse Jan. 1839 Oct. 1839 *Charles H. Peabody Dec. 1840 April, 1842 Henry Clark July, 1842 Dec. 1846 *R. W. E. Brown June, 1848 May, 1849 ¦-Thomas Driver (as supply) Sept. 1849 March, 1850 " " (as pastor) March, 1850 April, 1852 ^Benjamin Wbeeler May, 1852 Dec. 1858 William F. Stubbert April, 1859 Oct. 1865 -Willett Vary April, 1866 March, 1867 John Pryor (supply) June, 1868 June, 1869 James E. Wilson Oct. 1869 Dec. 1871 Joseph C. Foster Jan. 1873 Jan. 1882 Leonard J. Dean June, 1882 Of these, Mr. Peabody died, while pastor of the church, in 1842. The church also licensed to preach, in 1830, John Holbrook and Isaac Smith ; in 1842, Lowell Parker ; and, about that time, Zenas P. Wild. All of these, except Isaac Smith, are now dead. Marked religious ingatherings were enjoyed under the pastorates of Pastors Putnam, J. M. Driver, Con verse, Peabody, Clark, T. Driver, Wheeler, and Fos ter. The present membership is two hundred and nine. Of those who, as deacons, have ministered not only in temporal but also in spiritual things, should be appreciatively mentioned Zeba Spear, Seth, Al- phaeus, and Daniel Alden, Jacob Wales French, Henry Bangs, Leonard Paunce, Austin Roel, Aaron Prescott, and John May. Only the last two sur vive and are now in service. Of the church's material improvements it may be noted that in 1824 the present parsonage was pur chased of Deacon Daniel Alden. A vestry was built near the church in 1837. This was largely due to the suggestion of Thomas W. Tolman and his dying legacy of two hundred dollars. This structure was much improved in 1860. In 1842 the house of wor ship was lengthened by thirty- two feet. This, with other improvements, cost nearly five thousand dollars. The parsonage was also remodeled. Again, in 1873 and 1874, the house of worship was so completely re built and refurnished as virtually to be a new edifice. The total cost, including that of the new bell and the tower clock, was about thirty thousand dollars. The vestry was also sold, and the parsonage much improved. The church is now thriving and vig orous. A Sabbath-school was organized at the founding of the church, which has flourished till the present time. The present superintendent is Dr. C. 0 Farnham. Among its past superintendents may be mentioned RANDOLPH. 197 the honored name of Deacon John May, nearly a auarter of a century faithfully laboring, and still, as previously noted, busily doing the Master's work. Time would fail to tell of the honored dead and ]ivin 186g [Jan. 14, 1867 July 15, 1S67 M. H. Mecuen July 6,1847 Jan. 3, 184S Samuel Clark Jan. 3,1848 July 3, 1S48 Ralph Houghton July 3, 1S4S Jan. 1,1849 «„„„ , n I Jan. 1, 1849 July 2, 1849 Barnard Greene | Ju]y ^ 1S6„ jj_ 5\ 1857 f July 2, 1849 Jan. 17, 1S50 n„, . _ . July 11, 1853 Jan. 2,1854 Orlando Pendergrass -j Ju|^ 12; ,8as Jan 3> im [Jan. 6, 186S July 6,1868 Name. F William Jacobs -; V , ' (.July Leonard Poole July Loring W. Thayer Jan. Richard Stevens Jan. Zenas Snow July H. C. Whitemore Jan. S. 0. Thayer July f July George N. Johnson i Jan. (.Jan. (" Jan. Enos S. Maloon I July (Jan. William S. Handly j ¦**?¦ J [ July W. H. A. Tucker Jan. P-™ {££ Danforth Thayer Jan. John H. Pool July I.N. Linfield July J. B. Hathaway Jan. Israel P. Beal HIay ( Jan. M. JI. Alden Jan. Royal M. Thayer July Ephraim Mann Jan. Warren M. Babbitt July George S. Wilbur HjJ"; J. D. E.Lyons.., Jan. John Y.Clark July George W. Hawes I '.' James W. White July A. G. Dean July S. Edgar Burrell HaD' ° | Jan. Daniel H. Huxford July Fred W.Dyer Jan. Wales French July A. L. Chase Jan. A. W.Hamilton July William A. Croak Jan. Henry H. Shedd Jan. John E. Nickerson July Joseph Belcher Jan. Edwin B. Hooker July The present officers, for the term beginning Jan. 7, 1884, are: N. G., Edwin B. Hooker; V. G., Chas. H. Thayer; Rec. Sec, Frank N. Deane; Per. Sec, A. L. Chase; Treas., Chas. E. Lyons; Warden, Thos. Stetson; Conductor, Geo. W. Hawes; 0. G., H. H. Bromade; I. G., M. Norton Hunt; R. S. N. Q., S. Edgar Burrell ; L. S. N. G., H. H. Shedd ; R. S. V. G., Geo. A. Payne ; L. S. V. G., H. L. Spear ; R. S. S., Chas. Middleton ; L. S. S., Saml. A. Foster; Chaplain, Elmer L. Willis. The lodge is now in a very prosperous condition, numbering over one hundred members. It owns the building which it occupies. Randolph Lodge, No. 524, Knights of Honor, was instituted March 22, 1877. The present officers are : P. D., Ira E. Beals; D., Weston P. Alden; V. D., George B. Bryant; A. D., Nelson E. Knights; C., Gustavus Thayer; G., Cyrus N. Thayer; R., Daniel B. White; F. R., Minot W. Baker: T., Charles H. Belcher ; G., William W. Wbite ; S., George B. rora To 17, 1850 July 1, 1850 20, 1857 Jan. 4, 1858 1, 1850 Jan. o, 1851 6, 1851 July 7, 1851 0 1852 July 19, 1852 19, 1852 Jan. 3, IS 5 3 2 1S54 July 17, 1854 ¦> 1855 Jan. 14, 1856 7, 1851 Jan. 5, 1S52 14, 1856 July 14 1S5B 7, 1861 Jan. 6, 1S72 5, 1857 July 20, 1857 'A 1860 Jan. 7, 1861 12, 1863 Sept. 12, 1864 4, 1858 July 12, 1858 14, 1SB2 Jan. 6, 1862 ¦J 1859 July 11, 1859 11, 1859 July 2, 1860 9, 1866 Jan. 17 1S67 fi, 1862 July 14, 1862 15 1867 Jan. ". 1868 6, 1868 Jan. 4 1S69 4 1869 July 12, 1869 12 1869 Jan. 3, 1870 6, 1 873 July 7. 1873 3, 1870 July 11, 1870 11, 1870 Jan. 2, 1871 2, 1S71 July 10, 1871 10, 1871 Jan. 1, 1872 1, 1872 July 1. 1S72 12, 1875 Jan. 3 1S76 1, 1S72 Jan. 6, 1 S73 7, 1873 Jan. 5, 1871 5, 1874 July 6, 1S74 4, 1875 July 12, 1875 6 1874 Jan. 4, 1875 ID 1876 Jan. 1, IS77 1 1877 July o 1S77 5 1 SSO Julv 12, I8S0 o IS77 Jun. 7. 1878 7 187S July 1, 1S78 1 1878 Jan. 13, 1879 13 1S79 Jan. 5, 1880 12 1880 Jun. 3, 18S1 3, 1 SSI Jun. 9, 1882 9, 1882 July 10, 1SS2 10, 1 S82 Jan. 1, 1 SS3 1 1883 July 9, 1883 9 1SS3 Hate 206 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. Nichols. It has a membership of fifty-six, and is in good working condition. Union Lodge, No. 435, Knights and Ladies of Honor, was instituted May 13, 1881. It is now offi cered as follows : P. P., Mrs. Geo. W. Holbrook ; P.. Mrs. Geo. W. Hawes ; V. P., Mrs. Royal W. Thayer ; S., Mrs. M. W. Baker; F. S., M. W. Baker; C, Miss Helen M. Houghton; T., Mrs. Wate Lyons; G., Mrs. H. H. Bromade; G., Mrs. Nelson E. Knights; S., Cyrus N. Thayer. Webster Council, No. 451, Royal Arcanum, was instituted March 17, 1880. The Regents have been as follows : 1880, Charles E. Higgins ; 1881, Daniel H. Huxford; 1882, George H. Wilkins; 1883, William A. Croak. Present officers: R., Henry L. Spear; V. R., L. Morton Packard; 0., Joseph Belcher; P. R., William A. Croak; S., Walter H. Lyons; O, Edward H. Bromade; T., Franklin W. Hayden ; G., William B. Brown ; C, Lewis S. Paine ; W., Walter M. Howard; S., Frank E. Fay; M. E., Dr. Frank C. Granger; R. to G. C, Wm. A. Croak : Alternate, George H. Wilkins. In addition to these, there are several other tem perance aud social organizations in the town, all of which are flourishing and doiog a good work. The Randolph Choral Society merits a word by itself. Music has always flourished in Randolph, and the choral society has enjoyed upwards of thirty years of useful life. The members have practiced generally some of the best music by the best masters, ¦ — such, for instance, as Haydn's " Creation," Men delssohn's " St. Paul," Mozart's " Twelfth Mass," and Haydn's " Seasons." The society visited both the great " Jubilees" held in Boston in 1869 and 1872, with one hundred members. At that time the late Dr. Ebenezer Alden was president and Mr. John B. Thayer, a widely-known musician, chorister. Mr. Thayer filled the latter office acceptably for upwards of twenty years. Dr. Alden was succeeded in the presidency by Mr. Alfred W. Whitcomb. The present officers are : President, Hon. Winslow Bat tles ; Vice-President, John B. Thayer ; Conductor, L. F. Brackett ; Secretary, George C. Spear. The pres ent membership is about seventy. Business. — -Randolph was one of the pioneer " shoe towns" of the State, and the business of manufactur ing boots and shoes still remains her chief industry. It dates back to the beginning of the century, and one cannot help being impressed, on looking back ward over the years, with the vast improvements and changes which have taken place. Machinery has done it all. Machinery has swept away the little shoemakers' shops which were formerly scattered all through the region, and has caused to be erected in their stead the great factory buildings of the present day. Formerly, the work went to the workman; now, the workman goes to his work. In the old days a man who had learned the trade of shoemaker knew all about the details of manufacture, and could turn out, with his own hands, a complete article of footwear. To-day the workman of the shops knows only his particular branch, and is practically ignorant of all others. He is a small cogwheel in a great machine, instead of being, as formerly, the thorough master of all parts of his trade. Years ago it was customary for shoemakers to travel miles to Randolph after " stock." They would load up with the roughly cut " raw material," aud take it away to their re spective homes for completion. Sometimes, when it was more convenient, several of these shoemakers would jointly occupy the same apartment, and work as a separate " gang," which was the nearest approach to the factory system of the present time. To Ran dolph came workmen from widely scattered towns, often many miles distant, seeking for work to be done at their homes. It is an interesting fact that at the period to which allusion is made the present flourish ing " shoe city" of Brockton (then the little village of North Bridgewater) paid tribute to Randolph, and, together with the remaining villages of the old town of Bridgewater, as well as the Abingtons, Hanson, Halifax, Weymouth, Braintree, aud other towns, sent thither her shoemakers for employment. The quality of the leather used in shoemaking then was as much superior to that now employed as the clumsy appearance of the manufactured product was inferior to the stylish footwear of the present year of grace. Everything was done by hand. The men did the heavier work, while in almost every house the " women folks" turned an honest penny by "fitting" or " siding" boots, i.e., sewing up the side-seams of the legs with waxed thread, holding the boot, meanwhile, fast in a pair of wooden " clamps." As there were no railroads, shipments were slow and uncertain. It was common enough for a man to load boots into sacks and carry them into Boston on horseback. Mr. David Burrell, still hale and hearty at eighty- two, and himself one of the pioneer boot and shoe manufacturers of the town, said to the writer, recently, that he well remembered that during the war of 1812, when the presence of British cruisers off the Atlantic seaboard made shipments by water unsafe,- men would load ox-teams with boots (the latter being placed in empty molasses hogsheads), and in that primitive fashion make their slow way southward into Georgia and others of the Southern States. The same RANDOLPH. 207 octogenarian, when asked to name the first shoe manu facturer of the town, gave the name of Capt. Thomas French as being, if not the earliest, certainly one of the very first. He had a tannery, located on the site of the present residence of Mr. Jonathan Wales, and manufactured shoes to some extent. Other early manufacturers were Isaac Thayer, Silas Alden, Elea zar Beal, Alden & Tolman, Howard & Niles, Seth Mann & Co., Burrell & Maguire, John Alden, Hiram Alden, Luther Thayer, Oliver Leach, William Abbott, David Parker, Levi Mann, Mann & Odell, Charles McCarty, Wales Wentworth, James Littlefield, James A. Tower, Samuel French, Henry Bass, John Wales, John Belcher, Ezra Thayer, Alexander Strong, Dan iel Howard, Alfred W. Whitcomb, Matthew Clark & Co., Mann & Sawin, Jonathan W. Belcher, etc. ; while of more recent date are J. Warren Belcher, Howard & French, P. Clark & Co., Charles H. How ard, and George H. Burt & Co. Other firms there were, and are ; but as the present article does not attempt to serve the purposes of a gazetteer or of a directory, no attempt will be made to make the list scrupulously complete. More than passing mention should be made, how ever, of the present firm of George H. Burt & Co., which is considerably the largest in the town at the present time, employing some three hundred hands, oc cupying two connecting factories (the largest being one hundred and sixty-two feet in length), and manufac turing from twenty thousand to twenty-four thousand cases of fine calf boots per year. The business was begun by Alexander Strong in 1849, and he con tinued a partner in the business, either active or silent, until his death. His son, Edward, was also identified with the business for many years, withdraw ing some two years ago. Mr. Sidney French was the firm's agent in charge of the factory until about 1871, when Mr. George B. Bryant, the present agent, succeeded him. The concern has other factories in the " shoe towns" of Marlboro' and Brookfield. The pay-roll at the Randolph factory is from twelve thousand to fifteen thousand dollars per month. Mr. Charles H. Howard, who manufactures fine boots and shoes, is quite an old established manufac turer, and like the other principal remaining manu facturers, Howard & French and F. Clark & Co., does a prosperous and increasing business. The following interesting boot and shoe statistics are taken from the census of 1880 : Number of establishments 2f> Employes (male) over sixteen 649 " (female) over sixteen °2 Total wages paid during year $300,843 Capital invested 153,600 Stock used S721,450 Value of product 1,163,300 The boot and shoe shipments for 1883 were 38,000 cases. The firm of J. W. Pratt & Co. is an old and pros perous one. Calf shoe-laces are a specialty, while a large business in leather remnants is also done. Over one hundred thousand dollars' worth of work is an nually turned out. Messrs. George C. Spear & Co., who deal exclu sively in leather remnants, have built up a heavy and growing trade, their goods being exported to a con siderable extent. Fire Department. — For years the town has main tained an efficient fire department. The old hand- machines — " Fire-King," " Fearless," and " Inde pendence" — have, however, been replaced by two steamers, an extinguisher, and the requisite hose and hook-and-ladder companies. In years past nearly all the prominent men of the town had belonged to the department, and had " run wid der machine" to fires with youthful ardor, in order to assist at " breaking her down" according to the fashion of the times. The present department is in a high state of effi ciency. Mr. C. A. Wales is chief engineer, Statistics. — It has seemed most convenient and appropriate that certain statistical information respect ing the town be grouped under a single general head. The subdivisions will be clearly indicated. The following-named persons have served the town as selectmen from its incorporation in 1793 to the present time (January, 1884) : Joseph White, Jr., 1793-9S, j 1800-4. Dr. Ebenezer Alden, 1793-94. Micah White, Jr., 1793-1817. Samuel Bass, 1795-9S, 1800, 1S02-4. Thomas French, 1799,1 1805- 11. Zaoheus Thayer, 1801. Jonathan Belcher, 1804. Joseph Porter, 1807. Nathaniel Spear, 180S. Jonathan Wales, Jr., 1812-17. Jacob Whitcomb, Jr., 1813. Joseph Linfield, 1814-17, 1822 -25. Seth Mann, 1818-24, 1828-30. Royal Turner, 1818, 1S21-24, 1S2S. Zenas French, 1818-21. Luther Thayer, 1819-20. Horatio B. Alden, 1S25-27. Thomas Howard, 1825-27. Lewis Whitcomb, 1826-28. John Porter, 1829-30. Henry E. Alden, 1829-34. Joshua Spear, Jr., 1831-32, 1835-38. David Blanchard, 1831-32, 1S34, 1S.52. Zeba Spear, 1833-34. Jonathan White, 1833. Zenas French, Jr., 1835-49. Samuel Thayer, 1835-38. Benjamin Richards, 1839-44. Isaac Tower, 1839-51. Aaron Prescott, 1845. Jonathan Wales, 1846-50. Bradford L. Wales, 1851-53. Archibald Woodman, 1852. John T. Jordan, 1853. J. White Belcher, 1853-55, 1861-72. Seth Mann (2d), 1854-57, 1859 -60, 1862-64, 1872-73, 1876. Thomas White, Jr., 1854-55. Jacob Whitcomb, 1856-60, 1867-68. 1 Resigned May 2d. 208 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. Ephraim Mann, 1856-57. Horatio B. Alden, Jr., 1858-61, 1838-72. Lemuel S. Whitcomb, 1S58, 1861-63. John Adams, 1864-66. Nathaniel Howard, 1865-67. John Underhay, 1869-71. JohnT. Flood, 1873-82. James A. Tower, 1874-75, 1877 -79. Sidney French, 1876, 1880. Daniel Howard, 1877-79. Royal T. Mann, 1880-83. John Berry Thayer, 1881-83. Rufus Albert Thayer, 1883. The following-named persons have served the town as town clerk and treasurer up to the present time (January, 1884): Samuel Buss, 1793-98, 1800-6. Zacheus Thayer, 1799, 1807-8. Jonathan Wales, Jr., 1809-22. Royal Turner, 1823-28. Henry B. Alden, 1829-34. Alvin Kidder, 1835-3S. Bradford L. Wales, 1839-43. Eleazer Beal, 1844-53. Hiram C. Alden, 1854-63, 1865 -76, 1880-83. Henry Stevens, 1864. Charles C. Farnham, 1877-79. In 1840 there was published a plan of Randolph, from surveys made by E. Beal, Jr. In the right- hand upper corner of this map was some letter-press giving a few facts respecting the town. Under the head of " employments" was the following array of statistics, which is not without interest at the present day: " The chief manufacture is that of boots and shoes. In 1837 there were made 200,175 pairs of boots, and 470,620 pairs of shoes and brogans, of the estimated value of $944,715. There were then employed in this business 804 males and 677 females. The occu pations of the heads of families (1839), some of whom are females, are as follows : The whole num ber of families in town is 677 ; of these, 464 are boot and shoe makers ; 60, farmers ; 48, merchants ; 45, laborers ; 23, carpenters ;. 6, millers; 5, butchers ; 4, stone-cutters ; 4, tailors ; 3, wheelwrights ; 3, blacksmiths ; 2, harness-makers ; 2, painters ; 2, cur riers ; 1, landlord ; 1, cabinet-maker ; 1, brick-maker ; 1, cooper; 1, basket-maker ; 1, sailor. Of the me chanics, 40 are engaged during the summer in farm ing. Of these mechanics aud laborers, 58 are emi grants. Fifty of the families, taken as they rise, number 250 inhabitants, whose average age is 23 years." Under the caption " literary," the old map said, " Randolph Academy was incorporated in 1833, and its average number of scholars is from 80 to 100. The Athenaeum has 202 volumes. The Philoa- lethian Society has 230 volumes. The Female Read ing Charitable Society has 228 volumes. The schools for different parts of the town are 10. The number of scholars in 1838, from 4 to 16 years of age, was 840 ; and in 1839 the scholars were 911. The amount raised by tax for public schools the latter year was $1900, and the sum for 1840 is $2000." The academy, the Athenaeum, and the societies — even that with the ponderous name — have for a long time been extinct. CENSUS OF 1880. Number of families 930 Number of dwellings 771 Number of native born persons 3264 Number of foreign born persons 763 Number of persons who cannot write, aged ten years and upwards 153 Number of persons who cannot read, aged ten years and upwards 106 POPULATION. Year. 1800.. 1S10. . 1820.. 1830.. 1840..1850.. Number. .... 1021 .... 1170 .... 1546 .... 2200 .... 3213 .... 4741 Year. 1855.. 1860.1865.1870..1875.. 1880.. Number. .... 5538 .... 5760 .... 5374 .... 5642 .... 4064 .... 4027 TOWN DEBT. Year. Amouut. 1870 S78,626.26 1871 67,373.96 1872 59,909.42 1873 39,940.90 1874 37,506.66 1875 29,315.15 1S76 21,619.45 Year. Amount. 1877 $17,564.13 1878 36,555.24 1879 39,055.24 1880 41,138.00 1881 24,328.64 1882 24,736.51 18S3 19,751.09 1884 (as estimated Feb. 1,1884) 14,000.00 Year. Beal. 1870 Jl,454,190 1871 1,485,020 1872 1,378,000 1S73 1,382,960 1874 1,420,420 1875 1,441,840 1876..: 1,453,900 1877 1,404,030 1878 1,407,680 1879 1,461,350 1880 1,469,550 1881 1,468,300 1882 1,471,350 1883 1,453,800 VALUATION. Personal. Sl,426,800 500,950971,050632,765622,090 619,390 650,610605,125646,120 (i'<8,440609,490 601,320584,900 503,580 Total. 82,880,990 1,985,020 2,349,050 2,500,105*2,611,860f 2,652,795f 2,558,926f2,552,041.54t2,449,422.80t 2,460,838.55t2,523,990.08f 2,623,702.48-j- 2,495,002.95f 2,017,380.001 Tax Kate on 41000. S17.00 20.00 , 13 00 13.00 14.00 14.00 ¦12.60 19.0012.00 15.00 14.0017.0016.00 14.20 * lu 1873, the year after the setting off of Holbrook from Randolph, there was included in the total valuation here given four hundred and eighty-four thousand three hundred and eighty dollars of bank and corporation stock owned by residents of Randolph, and taxed by the State. | Including bank and corporation stock. j Does not include bank and corporation stock. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. EBENEZER ALDEN, M.D.1 The subject of this sketch was born in what is now the town of Randolph, Mass., March 17, 1788. At the time of his birth this territory constituted the southerly precinct of the ancient town of Braintree, and was organized into the separate township of Ran- 1 By Rev. Increase N. Tarbox, D.D. THE WEBSTER HOUSE, MARSHFIELD (^^Mu^O^li 1 1 ^^nJt^trvJ^L^j , ; '/^^¦¦U 9$»»U% ?:U. rfcZ^ot; 'f-^l* , > -j,, RANDOLPH. 209 dolph in 1793. An ecclesiastical parish had been formed here May 28, 1731. On the 8th of June, 1881, corresponding in the new style with the date above mentioned, the church at Randolph celebrated its one hundred and fiftieth anniversary with appro priate and deeply interesting services. Had this event occurred in the days of Dr. Alden's strength and activity, no man would have borne a more prominent part in it than he, for this was a field in which he was especially at home. As it was, the manuscripts and published articles which he had left behind be came the chief sources of information for those who took the principal parts in this commemoration. Throughout the services his name came up continually as authority for statements made, and was mentioned always with gratitude and love. Dr. Alden was of the seventh generation from John Alden, of the " Mayflower." The line of suc cession from this honored founder, as traced by him self and gathered from his volume entitled " The Alden Memorial," is as follows : Of the eleven children of John and Priscilla (Mul lens) Alden, the second was Joseph, who was born in Plymouth in 1624. In early manhood he became a citizen of Bridgewater. Of the five children of Joseph and Mary (Simmons) Alden, the second was Joseph, who was born in 1667. He was known as Deacon Joseph, and lived in what is now South Bridgewater. Of the ten children of Deacon Joseph and Hannah (Dunham) Alden, of Bridgewater, the eldest was Daniel, who was born Jan. 29, 1691. This Daniel remained an inhabitant of Bridgewater for a time, and then removed to Stafford, Conn. Of the eleven children of Daniel and Abigail (Shaw) Alden, the second was Daniel, who was born Sept. 5, 1720. This last Daniel lived in Stafford, Conn., in Cornish, N. H., and in Lebanon, N. H., where he died. He was known as Deacon Daniel. Of the twelve children of Deacon Daniel and Jane (Turner) Alden, the fifth was Ebenezer, who was born at Stafford, Conn., July 4, 1755. Of the three children of Ebenezer and Sarah (Bass) Alden, the eldest was Ebenezer, the subject of this sketch, who was born (as previously stated) March 17, 1788. His mother, Sarah Bass, was also a lineal descendant of John Alden, of the " Mayflower," in the line of Ruth, his daughter, who married John Bass, of Brain tree, son of Samuel Bass, deacon of the First Church in Roxbury. By the same line the family was con nected with the Adams family of Quincy, the mother of John Adams, the second President of the United 14 States, being a descendant of Ruth, the daughter of John Alden. Going back now a single step, let us make our de parture from the first Dr. Ebenezer Alden. The track over which we have just traveled will serve to show that he came of a religious stock. He was educated at Plainfield Academy, Connecticut, and having pur sued his medical studies with Dr. Eiisha Perkins, was invited, in due form, to settle in the South Parish or Precinct of Braintree. He was called there in 1781, as the man the people had chosen for their physician, just as the Rev. Jonathan Strong, D.D., a few years later, was called to be their minister. This was a good old New England custom which we have now outgrown. It was just one hundred years from the coming to Randolph of the first Dr. Ebenezer Alden to the death of the second. These two men, in the qualities of their intellects and their characters, were in many respects alike, though the son had enjoyed larger opportunities for general and professional edu cation than the father. When Dr. Alden, Sr., died at Randolph (of typhoid fever), Oct. 16, 1806, his pastor, Rev. Dr. Strong, said of him, " The duties of his profession he discharged with reputation to himself and great usefulness to his employers. His circle of business, though small at first, gradually in creased until it became extensive. As a physician he was remarkably prudent, attentive, and successful. During the latter part of his life his advice was much sought and respected by his brethren of the faculty in his vicinity. No physician in this part of the country possessed the love and confidence of his pa tients to a higher degree. This was evident from the universal sorrow felt at his decease." His own son, in " The Alden Memorial," says of him, " He was eminently a child of the covenant, his parents and grandparents and theirs on both sides down to the first ancestors who came in the " May flower," having been members of the Congregational Church ; and, so far as is known, having honored their Christian profession." Not only was he an able physician with a wide and increasing practice, but he was also a medical teacher. Quite a number of young men were prepared by him for the medical profession, some of whom became eminent. He was cut off by a deadly fever just when he was rising into special prominence as a man and a physician. He fell in the very strength of his days, at the age of fifty-one. His son was blessed with a life protracted to an unusual degree. The childhood and youth of the son were passed, therefore, in a home of intelligence and Christian worth. He grew up amid the associations and traditions of 210 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. the old style of medical practice, when the country physician compounded his own medicines and carried them with him in large variety to suit the various exi gencies that might arise. At that time the homes of the people were widely scattered ; the roads were rough and hard, and in the plain country towns apothecaries were almost unknown. To do business in any proper and efficient way, the physician must have his medicines and his instruments always with him. The year after Dr. Alden's birth, i.e. in 1789, the Rev. Jonathan Strong, D.D., was settled in the parish as colleague pastor with the Rev. Moses Taft, who had been in office there for nearly forty years, and was now in the feebleness of age. Mr. Taft died two years later, in 1791, when Dr. Strong remained sole pastor till his death, in 1814. Dr. Strong was therefore the minister of Randolph through all the early years of Dr. Alden's life. The Rev. Thomas Noyes, of Needham, in the American Quarterly Reg ister, vol. viii. p. 54, says of him, " Dr. Strong's labors were much blessed in three revivals during his minis try, in which he numbered more than two hundred converts. His influence was extensively felt. The Massachusetts Missionary Magazine and the Panrjplist were enriched with his productions. He was one of the editors of the former work, and a trustee of the Massachusetts Missionary Society from its formation till his death." Prom his earliest years, therefore, Dr. Alden received that bent of character which brought him, all his life long, into close and living sympathy with the church and with all our great religious insti tutions. It is fair to credit a good measure of this influence to Dr. Strong. In a place such as Randolph was at that time the families of the minister and the physician would be closely united. Especially would this be so when the physician himself was a religious man, and closely identified with the church. One hundred years ago schools to fit boys for col lege were rare. This educational work was largely done by settled ministers. Some of them, here and there, had family schools for this purpose. Dr. Nathan Perkins, of West Hartford, Conn., Dr. Samuel Wood, of Boscawen, N. H., and many others, became noted teachers, though they had parish cares also con tinually on their hands. Young Alden, in preparing for college, pursued his studies under the direction of his minister. Dr. Jonathan Strong was a native of Bolton, Conn., born in 1764. His father was of the same name, and was a farmer. When the boy was eight years old the family removed to Orford, N. H. Dr. Eleazer •Wheelock had just then gone up to plant his Indian Charity School in the woods of New Hamp shire, and so to lay the foundations of Dartmouth Col lege. Here young Strong was educated, graduating with honor in 1786. He became a man of much more than usual mark in his generation. Quite a large number of the early graduates of Dartmouth were from Eastern Connecticut, and especially from the towns of Lebanon, Hebron, Bolton, Coventry, Windham, etc., where Dr. Wheelock was familiarly known and much admired. Jonathan Strong went from Bolton, and was graduated at Dartmouth in 1786, and three years after was settled in Randolph. Young Alden was made ready for college at the age of sixteen, and entered Harvard in 1804, gradu ating in 1808. After finishing his college course he went to Dartmouth College to study medicine. Using his own language, as copied from " The Alden Memor ial," he " pursued his professional studies with Nathan Smith, M.D., at Dartmouth College, where he re ceived the degree of M.B. in 1811; then attended the lectures of Drs. Rush, Barton, Wistar, Physick, and others, in Philadelphia, and received the degree of M.D. from the University of Pennsylvania in 1812. He settled as a physician in his native town." His father had died in 1806, while he was in col lege. Had his father been alive, very likely the medical education of the son would have gone on largely at home. Other men resorted to that home for their medical education, and it would have been altogether natural that he should have done the same. As it was, he was fully educated professionally, and entered upon his work under happy auspices at the age of twenty- four. Six years later, April 14, 1818, he was united in marriage to Miss Anne Kimball, daughter of Capt. Edmund Kimball, of Newburyport. She was born June 14, 1791. Dr. Alden was now fully launched upon his life- work, and by degrees came to fill the place which the father had left vacant, until at length he more than i o filled it. By virtue of his superior education, both as a physician and surgeon, and by his native powers and faculties, eminently fitting him for success, he was widely known and recognized as a leading member in his profession. Not only was he thoroughly in structed in matters pertaining to his special calling, but he had also an innate love for studies historical and ecclesiastical. He grew to be a prominent Con gregational layman, and his knowledge and experience in this department were often called into use. He was a Pilgrim of the Pilgrims, and he understood well the difference between the Congregationalism that RANDOLPH. 211 came over in the " Mayflower" and that which early prevailed in the Massachusetts Bay and was embodied, in 1648, in the Cambridge Platform. He found great satisfaction in tracing out the way by which the latter style of church polity was gradually displaced in New England and the former brought to the front. The writer well remembers the pleasure Dr. Alden had, between twenty and thirty years ago, in a new edition of John Wise's famous book, "The Church Quarrel Espoused," and what measures he took to promote its circulation. He recognized in the Rev, John Wise — settled 1683-1725 over the Second Church, Ipswich (now Essex) — one of the stoutest defenders of the liberty of the New England churches as against the dominating power of the ministers. It was in 1710 that the above book was first published, and it was largely through this volume and another from the same pen published in 1717, entitled "A Vindication of the Government of the New England Churches," that a healthier direction was given to New England Congregationalism. Dr. Alden was a bibliophile, and early began to be a collector of rare books and pamphlets, especially those appertaining to the civil and ecclesiastical his tory of New England. He built up a choice private library at a time when such enterprises were not so common as now. That library still remains, and doubtless contains many specimens, in the shape of pamphlet and bound volume, which the collectors would call precious nuggets. It was because of such tastes and tendencies as have thus been briefly noticed that Dr. Alden was long ago recognized as a " wise master-builder" in our ecclesiastical and educational departments, and for the last forty or fifty years (until laid aside by blindness and extreme age) he has been an active worker in these connections. It would probably be difficult to find another man who has been identified with so many religious and educational interests for such long ranges of time. The year after his marriage, i.e., in 1819, the first Sabbath-school was organized in Ran dolph. He was chosen its superintendent, and con tinued in the office for nearly forty years. In 1827 he was made one of the trustees of the Massachusetts Home Missionary Society. He held this office by re-election and performed its duties for forty-two years, until 1869. In the year 1837 he was chosen one of the trustees of Phillips Academy and of An dover Theological Seminary. This office he retained forty-four years, till his death, though in his later years he was not able to attend the meetings of the trustees. For forty-one years, from 1840 to his death, he was one of the corporate members of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Mis sions. From 1841 to 1874 he was a trustee of Am herst College. From 1842 to 1807 he was a director of the American Education Society. There was another class of organizations for which he had a lively sympathy, and with which he was in active co-operation. He had a strong love for anti quarian and genealogical pursuits, and especially as they appertained to the origin and growth of New England. In all these connections he was an indus trious worker. He early became a member of the American Antiquarian Society of Worcester. He bore a prominent part in the formation and growth of the American Statistical Association. He became a member of the New England Historic-Genealogical Society in 1846, the year after its organization, and soon after its present building was erected in Somerset Street, paid, of his own good-will, five hundred dollars towards tho librarian fund. With all the early move ments toward the formation of the Congregational Library, now grown to fair proportions, he had the most cordial fellowship and participation. Then, again, as a prominent member of the medical profession, he was brought into quite another set of associations. He was connected with medical socie ties, county, State, national, not as a mere looker-on or listener, but as one who contributed interesting papers and valuable information for their meetings. Of an observing and studious mind, he held also the pen of a ready writer, and took special delight in adding to the general stock of human knowledge. Still, again, he was a bold and aggressive worker in the temperance movement, especially in its earlier days, and before it had become so intermingled with party politics. He was for many years known as a public lecturer upon this subject, and, from his estab lished character as an able pbysiciaD, his lectures carried with them unusual weight. Then, in addition to all his other talents and ac tivities, he was a singer, and took a lively interest in church music. Through the whole of his public life in Randolph he was a leader and organizer in this department, and this love continued with him to the last. In the year 1869, at the time of the National Peace Jubilee in Boston, the writer well remembers a brief interview with him as he was about to enter the great building erected for the concerts on the back bay. He was one of the chorus singers, and had his singing-book under his arm, and entered into the whole business with the enthusiasm of youth. He was at that time eighty-one years old. Of the great multitude of singers who made up the chorus for that first jubilee, he was, without much doubt, 212 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. the oldest, but he yet carried with him a large meas ure of the zeal and energy of his earlier years. He made one of the vastly larger chorus in the Inter national Jubilee of 1872, being then eighty-four years old. Not long after this his eyesight began to fail him, and little by little the shadows of night gathered about him, until at length he was wrapped in total darkness. His last years were passed in the quiet of his home and in the society of his kindred and neighbors. But with the eye of his mind he still watched the goings-on of the great world, and was interested in all passing events. He died Jan. 26, 1881, aged ninety-two years, ten months, and nine days. The wife of his youth had passed away ten years before, April 14, 1871. Three children survive him. These are the Rev. Ebenezer Alden, born Aug. 10, 1819, who was ordained a Congregational minister in 1843, and spent five years as a pioneer home mis sionary in Iowa, being a member of the " Iowa band." Since 1850 he has been the pastor of the First Congregational Church in Marshfield. While he was yet young in the ministry, he had as one of his parishioners no less a man than Daniel Webster, and it fell to his lot in 1852 to conduct the simple funeral services of the great statesman in the Webster mansion at Marshfield. It was like Mr. Webster to prefer that his funeral should be in the plain New England fashion, and should be conducted by his country minister. The second son is the Rev. Ed mund Kimball Alden, D.D., who was ordained to the Congregational ministry in 1850, and, after serving for some twenty-six years as Congregational pastor at Yarmouth, Me., Lenox, Mass , and in Phillips Church, Boston, is now one of the secretaries of the American Board. There was another son, Henry Augustus, born Aug. 8, 1826, who became a civil engineer and died June 9, 1852. There were three daughters, of whom Mary Kimball died Aug. 18, 1860, and Anne Kimball died Dec. 28, 1854. The remaining one, Sarah Bass Alden, now occupies the homestead at Randolph, and has had the care of her father in his declining years. Dr. Alden left a memorandum indicating his gen eral wishes as to the disposal to be made of his prop erty, which was considerable. It was not in the shape of a mandatory will. He constituted his three surviving children his executors, but, confiding in their judgment, gave them certain discretionary powers that they might decide matters according to the circumstances of the case at the time of his death. Almost all the societies and institutions with which Dr. Alden was connected in his life came up before him for remembrance in this final disposition of his property, such as the American Board, the Massa chusetts Home Missionary Society, the American College and Educational Society, the Seamen's Friend Society, Amherst College, Iowa College, Phillips Academy, the American Antiquarian Society, the American Statistical Association, the New England Historic-Geneaological Society, the Congregational Library, Stoughton Musical Society, etc. We have already implied that Dr. Alden was a writer as well as a busy actor, but most of his writings were of a kind to serve the purposes of the passing time, and cannot well be reported in a paper like this. Nevertheless, he has left behind some published works in the shape of pamphlets and books, among which are the following : " Address before the Dartmouth Medical Society," Boston, 1820 ; " Medical Uses of Alcohol ;'' " Tribute to the Memory of Deacon Eph raim Wales," Boston, 1855 ; " Historical Sketch of the Origin and Progress of the Massachusetts Medi cal Society," 1838; "Tribute to the Memory of Deacon Wales Thayer ;'' " Tribute to the Memory of Mr. Samuel Whitcomb;" "Early History of the Med ical Profession in the County of Norfolk, an Address before the Norfolk District Medical Society,'' Bos ton, 1853; "Memoir and Correspondence of Mrs. Mary Ann Odiorne Clark," Boston, MSS., 1844; " Memoir of Bartholomew Brown, Esq.," Randolph, 1862 ; " Memorial of the Descendants of the Hon. John Alden," 1867 ; enlarged 1869, octavo, pp. 184. Some of these publications required a large amount of labor and careful study. For example, " The Early History of the Medical Profession in the County of Norfolk" involved brief biographies of the numerous physicians of the county during the earlier generations, a work to be accomplished only by much correspondence and patient research. But these few publications would give only a faint idea of all that he accomplished by his pen. In a local paper he published a long series of articles on the history of Braintree and Randolph, going into the business minutely, taking up the several portions of the territory, and tracing the early families in their various localities. Indeed, he was the local historian, the public chronicler of Randolph, and, to a large ex tent, of the region lying around. By his intellectual character, as also by his large enterprise and activity, he was a man to come to the front wherever he might happen to live, and bear a large share in human affairs. The totality of life within him was greater than in ordinary men, and it was natural for him to put himself forth in thought RANDOLPH. 213 and action. Hence through the long years of his active life he was intensely busy, aiming to fill his place punctually and thoroughly in all his multiplied relations. Though connected with so many societies and associations, hardly any one was more likely to be present at their recurring business-meetings than he. In the year 1861, July 3d, occurred in Braintree the fiftieth anniversary of the ordination and settle ment of Dr. Richard S. Storrs. The occasion was one of very marked interest, both from the eminent character of Dr. Storrs himself, and from the con spicuous men who took prominent part in the ser vices. Among the last named was Dr. Alden, who followed the Rev. Dr. Park in the exercises of the afternoon. The presiding officer of the day was the Rev. Richard S. Storrs, Jr., of Brooklyn, N. Y., and in introducing Dr. Alden he said, " We have heard of the ministers of Braintree ; Dr. Alden will give us, from his knowledge and his personal recollections, a true sketch of the people of the town, and of their former manners and life." From this address of Dr. Alden we will, in conclu sion, select two or three passages, which will illustrate more perfectly than any general description can do the style of the man and his manner of thought. He said, — " I have been requested to present some ' reminiscences of Braintree fifty years ago/ by which I understand in the olden time; but with a special caution to be very brief — 'ten minutes better than an hour' — as if by any necromancy it were possible to bring up not only Samuel (Rev. Samuel Niles), but three generations of his people, and cause them to pass bofore you like a moving panorama at the bidding of your minister. Nev ertheless, as it was my privilege to commence professional life with him and sometimes to prescribe for him, it is but reason able that I should now consent that he prescribe to me ; which I do not only cheerfully, but thankfully, because it affords me opportunity publicly to express the respect I have long enter tained for him and for his people." But in the first place it was needful to give the boundaries of the place which he was going to de scribe, and these were as follows : "The ancient Brantry was bounded north by Neponset River and Massachusetts Bay; east by Narraganset ; south by the Old Colony and ' terra incognita' long in dispute ; west by Punkapog and Unguety — including the present towns of Braintree, Quincy, and Randolph. Monatiquot, or modern Braintree, was bounded north by Merry Mount; east by Iron- Works' line; south by Cochato and Scadin Woods; west by the Blue Hills, extending, in the dialect of Father Niles, 'from Dan to Beersheha.'" Dr. Alden had in this address a somewhat lengthy and graphic passage on the singing question, as it was discussed in the churches before the middle of the last century. Throughout almost every part of New England the fierce discussion went on, and many churches were well-nigh rent asunder by the violent feelings awakened. The beauty and majesty of ancient New England conservatism are strangely ex hibited in this conflict. The effort was to bring the people out of the miserable droning habit of singing four or five tunes only, and that by rote, and to teach them to read music so that they could sing all tunes by note. Dr. Alden said, — "The evil became so intolerable that Rev. Thomas Walter, by request of several ministers of Boston and the vicinity, pre pared and published, in 1721, n. musical manual and tune book. . . . And here is a copy of it, the identical one which belonged to Eiisha Niles, Esq., youngest son of the minister and executor of his estate. The names of twenty-two of the most eminent clergymen of the colony are attached to the recommendatory preface. But the name of Samuel Niles is not there. He insisted upon the 'old way' and his own loay. Nor would he yield the tithe of a hair to any solicitations, lay or clerical. " Meanwhile some of his people had provided tune books, and were bent on ' making melody to the Lord' by note. Then came the ' tug of war.' Original sin, with which the pastor was familiar, and afterwards wrote a treatise upon it, as he did upon ' Indian Wars,' broke out into actual transgression. The people assembled for public worship, but no minister came. They sent him word that they were all ' present before the Lord to hear all things which were commanded him of God.' He responded that he would not preach in the meeting-house unless they would sing by rote; and he invited all who were so dis posed to repair to the parsonage, where he would preach, and they might sing 'in the old way.' . . . Council after council convened without success to settle the controversy. At length, all parties having become weary, the last council, more fortunate, if not more sagacious than the rest, came to this unanimous, most profound, and successful result, which was adopted, but never, so far as I can ascertain, recorded on the church books : ' Voted that the council recommend to the pastor and church at Monatiquot, that in conducting public worship they sing part of the tune by note, and the rest of the tune by rote.' " There were probably a great many churches in New England where the old system of rote singing went out at last by some such compromise as in this case. We might give other interesting passages from this address, but these will suffice as examples of Dr. Alden's manner, and with these we conclude our article. The following address was delivered at the funeral service by Rev. John C. Labaree, pastor : " A patriarch among us has fallen. He has died in a good old age, an old man, and full of years, and is gathered to his fathers. We have long regarded him as a venerable man. Yet we are surprised to find how far back we are carried by this one extended life. It covers a period longer than that of our Amer ican Republic. When Dr. Alden was born the first President of the United States had not been inaugurated, nor the Federal Constitution ratified. 214 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. " For those primitive times the circumstances of his early life were very favorable. His childhood was largely spent in the noble old mansion of his father's, which till lately formed so familiar a landmark in our town. His education was carefully attended to. He passed from stage to stage in his studies till he returned to his native village to take up the profession of his father, and unfold that strong and striking character which now stands before us in its completeness. " By nature our honored friend was richly endowed. He would have been a man of mark in whatever calling in life he might have chosen. His mind was clear and acute, broad and masculine; his perceptions were quick, his judgment discrimi nating, his will strong. To nature's gifts he added a careful and rigorous discipline of his powers. The material which Providence gave him was faithfully improved. His habits of thought were excellent; his study of a subject was systematic and searching; his cross-questioning worthy of a trained law yer. He went to the heart of a matter and brought his mind to a decision he did not often have to reverse. His improvement of time, his methods of investigation, his orderly and patient arrangement of knowledge, his readiness in recalling what he wished to use, his conscientious care in reaching a conclusion, furnish a line model for young men, whether in business or literary pursuits. " But his mental powers were not those to which our friend gave the most interested attention. His mind was directed at an early period to the claims of religion. Always respectful to the subject, he came at last face to face with the personal duty of repentance toward God and faith toward our Lord Jesus Christ. It was a serious hour, a bitter struggle, — one to which he re ferred, not often, but always with very tender feelings. At that time, as he believed, he learned a lesson, never to be forgotten, of human depravity and divine grace. His long and unalter able devotion to the Saviour and the teachings of Scripture bear witness to the genuineness of the change he had experienced. He united with this church in 1816, at the age of twenty-eight years. From that period the enlargement of Christ's kingdom in the world was the object to which he devoted his talents. His whole life confirmed the interest with which he sang the hymn, ' I love Thy Kingdom, Lord.1 " The church of Christ was to Dr. Alden as a citadel which he was appointed to aid in strengthening and defending. He thoroughly studied its necessities. Its weak points and its grand strategic points were well understood by him. The call for defensive and aggressive warfare he heartily responded to. He loved the work. Nothing else in life was of so much account to him. " He perceived that if the church of God is to prosper, the ut most care must be paid to the family. By counsel and example he impressed this principle. His own home he sought to make a model Christian home. Its hours of prayer and praise he loved, and held sacred from every interruption. With him it was a strong point that family worship should not be merely formal, but interesting and instructive. And he was accus tomed, with great plainness and tenderness, to encourage Chris tian parents to special fidelity in all the duties of household piety. He also felt the need of some method of religious in struction additional to that generally enjoyed in the family. And the suggestion of the modern Sabbath-school was, therefore, cordially welcomed by him. In 1819 he organized the school in this church. For thirty-nine years he continued its superin tendent, and then as a teacher held his place for a score of years longer. " From the home and the Sabbath-school Dr. Alden followed with special interest the youth who entered on a course of higher education. That the church should pay most careful attention to her future pastors and teachers and educated men was to him self-evident. He entered into the study of meth ods of education with his accustomed energy and thoroughness. And he was thus introduced to one of the most important spheres of influence which Providence called him to fill. His services as a member of the Board of Trustees of Phillips Academy and the Theological Seminary at Andover, and of Amherst College, are by the nature of the case but little known to the world. 'They will be alluded to by one especially qualified to speak of them. But we know something of the intelligence and fatherly solici tude with which he followed young men through school, college, and seminary. The day of " prayer for colleges" was always an occasion of much interest in the Randolph Church, and one to which our friend was ever ready to contribute stirring words and fervent prayers that the Lord of the harvest would send forth laborers into his harvest. He had a peculiarly kind feel ing for young men who had chosen his own profession. From his wide professional experience he had seen how great are the opportunities for good open to the Christian physician. " Young ministers were sure of a welcome to his home and heart. He entered into their plans with zest. Were they to remain in New England, or to plant new churches in the grow ing West, or to seek yet more distant fields of labor among hea then nations, he followed them all with love and prayer. Their trials, their reverses, their progress were watched by him with intelligent sympathy as he studied the missionary reports of the day. These organs of home and foreign work have had few more constant and appreciative readers for the past fifty years. "The Home Missionary Society and the American Board were objects of bis special interest. He gave efficient aid in or ganizing and maintaining among the churches of the Norfolk Conference the Palestine Missionary Society formed in 1820, one of the earliest auxiliaries of the Board. " Meanwhile his own home church was never neglected by reason of his many broader fields of influence. He gave to it the energy and enthusiasm of his young manhood, and for sixty years it has been strengthened by his counsels and example and prayers. He loved the sanctuary, and all the ordinances and meetings of the church. Long professional rides were often necessary before services, and again after services were over, but tbey were always timed so as to give him the calm enjoyment of the house of God. His seat vacant, signified to all that some case was very critical. And for years after he was wholly deprived of sight one of the greatest comforts in his affliction, and which he would not readily forego, was to be led to his familiar seat in the church twice every Sabbath day. The silent influence of such an example has reached many hearts. Those who did not believe as he did, yet cherished a silent re spect for his fidelity to his convictions and his strength of pur pose. " By the members of the church, it is not invidious to say, no one of their number was regarded with so great veneration and affection as Dr. Alden. Few were so well qualified to advise and encourage. He possessed a rare knowledge of the Bible, an ex tensive and accurate acquaintance with theology, a profound personal experience of religious truth, a deep insight into hu man nature; adding to these attainments his wide intercourse with men, his relation to many societies and institutions, and his rich endowments of mind and heart, and we see that he was fitted in an unusual manner to guide and instruct the church. Many an anxious inquirer has he wisely directed to the Saviour they were seeking. Christian friends, beset with temptations or perplexed with doubts, have often found in him the safeand sympathizing counselor they needed. His visits as " the be- Fn&' of any man's house or laying open any garden or : orchard." Its width was not specified, except in the common lands or where the lands was wet and miry ; it was there to be six, eight, and even ten rods wide. At first designed to connect all the outlying coast towns of the Massachusetts Bay with Boston, it naturally was almost immediately continued along the shore to Plymouth. South of Boston it doubtless followed almost exactly the old Indian trail, seeking the fords, avoiding morasses, clinging to the uplands, and skirting the rough, wooded heights. This trail in due course of time was succeeded by the blazed way, axe-marks on the bark of trees supplying for the settler those more subtle indications which had pointed out his path to the savage. The earliest Europeans, like Alderman, of Bear Cove, in 1634, made their journeys on foot, and groped their way from tree to tree. The blazed trail was shortly suc ceeded by the bridle-path, which was little more than the blazed trail made passable to horsemen, so that only at certain points was the rider forced to dismount and lead his steed over difficult ground. The highway was beginning to take shape. Natu rally, these incipient roads were far from straight, and in following them many fences and gates had to be passed. They were, in fact, little more than a suc cession of farm lanes running through cleared and fenced lands, and open only through the commons. Gradually these farm lanes were fenced in and the bars and gates removed, until at last the lanes were more or less straightened out, and made public ways. Such being the general process, the date of the laying out of any particular street, or the fact that originally it passed the gate or house of Goodman This or Deacon That, is of interest only as affecting titles or to those dwelling upon it. In history it is mere cumbersome detail. That only is of interest now which bears on the progress of early development ; and the genesis of the Massachusettss town roads can best be studied in the history of one of them. The" main thoroughfare through Braintree, connecting it with Boston, is fairly typical. In a direct line the centre of the North Precinct was but little more than seven miles from Boston stone ; and the devious character of the colonial ways is well illustrated by the fact that the great coast road of 1639 increased this seven miles to ten. It followed in some degree the line of the bay shore in order to avoid the difficult Blue Hill formation, and yet it was forced to make a long detour to go around the creeks and marshes which everywhere indent the coast. But the Neponset River was the great obstacle to be overcome ; and for more than twenty years that puny stream seems to have defied every colonial effort at reliable crossing. Indeed, the futile attempts to effect one afford perhaps as clear an insight as can be obtained into the process through which the road development of New England was gradually worked out. The matter of a reliable public-way crossing of the Neponset first received the attention of the General Court in 1684, the year in which Boston had " en largement at Mount Woolliston." Mr. Israel Stough ton was then granted liberty to build a mill, weir, and bridge at the river's lower falls. Five months later, at the next session of the court, an exclusive mill privilege on the Neponset was granted to Stoughton, who, on the other hand, agreed to " make and keep in repair a sufficient horse-bridge over the said river." The building of this bridge was an important event in the history of the colony, — as im portant as was the building of the St. Louis bridge across the Missouri in the history of the nation more than two centuries later. Indeed, the earlier effort at construction taxed much the more severely of the two the resources of the community which attempted it. Father of a son more famous than himself, and whose name in connection with the quaint and ven erable hall which perpetuates his memory is a household word among the graduates of Harvard College, Israel Stoughton was a man of enterprise and substance. In the summer of 1634 he built on the Neponset the mill at which was ground the first bushel of corn ever ground by water-power in New England. This prototype of all the busy water- wheels in New England stood at the foot of Milton Hill, on the Dorchester side of the stream, in the midst of a wilderness; for it was four miles from any settlement on the north, while to the southward 300 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. Wassagusset was the nearest inhabited place. There was no road to it, and in 1634 the bridge at Stough- ton's mill was probably little more than a succession of logs thrown from rock to rock across the stream, affording passage to people on foot alone. In the autumn of that year the blazed trail seems to have been converted into a bridle-path ; for the town of Dorchester then ordered a road made to the mill, and voted the sum of five pounds with which to make it. This amounted to a little over one pound a mile for a road through a wilderness, and it was intended to make a trail passable for horses, so that those having corn to be ground could get access to the mill by land as well as water. Such was the beginning of the Plymouth road through Dorchester. Mount Wollaston was now annexed to Boston, and a number of allotments made there. The need of a land route between the two places began to make itself felt. Accordingly, in 1635, John Holland, a wealthy and enterprising Dorchester man, was authorized to keep a ferry between what is now Commercial Point and a creek on the opposite shore, charging four pence for the carriage of each passen ger, or three pence each in case there was more than one passenger. There were not passengers enough to make the business of carrying them a paying one, and this ferry was soon discontinued. The next attempt was made at a point higher up the stream, and by Bray Wilkins, who then dwelt on the Nepon set, but subsequently moved to Salem, where he lived into the next century, dying at the age of ninety-two. Ten years before his death, Bray Wilkins, being then eighty-two, rode down to Boston, with his wife on the pillion behind him, to pass election week. He then visited Dorchester, and had an experience which led to his afterwards playing a wretched part in the hideous witchcraft mania. This was years later ; and now, in 1638, at the age of twenty-eight, he was ambitious of being a ferryman. Accordingly, he got permission to set up a house of entertainment and to ply across the Neponset, between the landing at the head of what is now Granite Bridge, on the Dorchester side, and the tongue of upland which, under the name of " the ridge," makes out across the marshes to the river's bank on the opposite shore. This, from the rate of fare established for it, was known as the " penny ferry." It was intended for the conveyance of foot passengers, and, indeed, owing to the flats in the river's bed, could have been used only when the tide was partially up. Like its predecessor further down the stream, it soon proved a failure, and was discontinued. After this time there was no ferry at all across the river, as no one could be induced to undertake the charge of one unless he was furnished with a house land, and boat at the public cost. This method of over coming the difficulty was not in accordance with the usages of the time ; and so the Court, in apparent despair, referred the matter to Mr. John Glover, who lived on the south side of the river, in what was then a part of Dorchester. From the position of his farm Glover stood much in need of the ferry, and accord ingly he kept up an agitation of the matter; so now the Court empowered him to grant the ferry to any one who could be induced to take it for a term of seven years, " or else to take it himself, and his heires, as his owne inheritenca forever." Four years more passed away, and the problem of crossing the Neponset was still unsolved. Mr. Glover did nothing. Yet the difficulty was one sure in time to force its own solution, for the river had to be crossed by every one journeying over the great coast road. Under the order of 1639 any town guilty of a default in the construction of so much of this road as lay within its limits rendered itself liable to a fine of five pounds. In view of its long neglect to build a bridge, measures were taken to enforce this penalty against Dorchester. The town then petitioned the court for a remission of the fine. This was allowed in May, 1652, but only on condition that the bridge should be constructed according to law, within three months, " and, if not, the said fine to take place ac cording to the court order, the making of such bridges over such rivers being no more than is usual in the like case." Dorchester was stimulated by this pressure to some action, but it seems to have been very loth to go into bridge-building. Accordingly, the town be thought itself of the clause in the exclusive grant to Israel Stoughton, in 1634, one condition of which was that the grantee should " make and keep in repair a sufficient horse-bridge" over the river. Israel Stough ton himself was now dead, but his widow owned and worked the mill ; so proceedings were begun against her. She then, in her turn, had recourse to the General Court, and petitioned to be discharged from her lia bility. Some investigation was bad, as a result of which her request was granted in part ; and, in view of the fact that near the mill there was a good fording- place with a gravel bottom, she was excused from building a horse-bridge on condition that she main tained a good foot-bridge, with a sufficient hand-rail. Satisfied with this concession, the widow Stoughton seems to have adopted a policy of masterly inac tivity, and the next spring the attention of the Court was called to the fact that, so far from a new foot- QUINCY. 301 bridge having been built, the old bridge during the ' winter had been wholly ruined. Then at last the matter was taken in hand energetically. It was time, :'also. Massachusetts now numbered a population of i over twenty thousand, dwelling in more than a score of towns, while Plymouth had five thousand people in five j towns ; and a little river only seven miles from Boston, on the main road between the two colonies, was still : unbridged, and in times of freshet must for days to- ' gether have been impassable. The construction of a ' cart-bridge " neere Mrs. Stoughton's mill" was now, therefore, pronounced both a necessity and a county matter, and ordered to be undertaken at once. A committee of six, among whom was Deacon Samuel Bass, of Braintree, was accordingly appointed, with full powers to locate a bridge and to contract for its building, the cost of it to be duly apportioned among the several towns. The committee seem to have done their work so effectually that nothing more was heard of a bridge across the Neponset. Indeed, for a whole century and a half the travel between Boston and the south shore followed the old Plymouth road across Roxbury Neck through Dorchester, and over Milton Hill by the bridge at Stoughton's mill. The first attempt to fix the line of road through Braintree was in 1641 ; but not until 1648 was the final location made. Running close at the base of the hills, crossing brooks at the points where up lands were nearest each other, the coast thoroughfare divided when it came to the church. Meeting again beyond, it took the shortest line to the foot of the hills, always avoiding the swamps. Then crossing a spur of the granite hills by a sharp ascent and de cline, it approached the Monatiquot, which, like the Neponset, proved an obstacle not easily overcome. As early as 1635 a ferry had been established across the Monatiquot between Mount Wollaston and Was sagusset, the toll being one penny for each person and three pence for each horse. The ferryman was one Thomas Applegate, of whom not much is known, ex cept that he was married to a wife, Elizabeth, who would seem to have been an unamiable woman, inas much as in 1636, " for swearing, railing, and revil ing," she was sentenced by the magistrates to stand with her tongue in a cleft-stick. Applegate did not long have charge of the ferry, for, in March, 1636, six months only after he was licensed, Henry King man, of Weymouth, was put in his place. A year later Kingham was authorized to keep a tavern in connection with his ferry, the toll on which was in March, 1638, raised to two pence a person. Mean while Applegate would seem to have remained in Kingman's employ, for this year in crossing the ferry he upset a canoe of which he had charge, and into which he had crowded nine persons, three of whom were drowned. For this misadventure he was sum moned before the General Court, and Bichard Wright, a prominent personage at " the Mount," was commis sioned " to stave that canoe, out of which those per sons were drowned." The matter ended with the appearance of Applegate and five others before the March General Court of 1639, which discharged them with an admonition not in " future to ven ture too many in any boat." But in consequence of this mishap the use of canoes at ferries was inter dicted. At its September session the General Court of 1639 changed the location of the Kingman ferry, and at the same time reduced the toll to a penny. Two months later the act providing for the construc tion of the coast road was passed, and, as the road was laid out in 1641, the ferry undoubtedly was a link in it. Subsequently John Winthrop, Jr., established his iron-works in that -neighborhood, and a stone bridge was in 1644 built across the little river, twenty years before one was built at the Milton Falls. The section of the coast road within the limits of Braintree was about five miles in length, the church being not far from midway. It was the backbone upon which the growing settlement formed itself. At first it had but three lateral branches, — two to points upon the shore, Squantum and Hough's Neck, and one to what subsequently became the Second Precinct of the town. Wright's mill, upon the town brook, stood a short distance from it, and with this the way from Hough's Neck connected, crossing the coast road. From this simple beginning the system of modern town-ways gradually developed, the lane and farm- way regularly, at the proper time, becoming the vil- age road and town street, fierce contests sometimes arising over questions of prescriptive right. But from 1641 to 1803 the old coast road remained the single thoroughfare from Braintree, and Quincy, to Boston. Then, at last, the needs of an increasing community began to make themselves felt, and a bridge across the Neponset nearer its mouth was projected. Char tered in 1802 and located in 1803, the turnpike road of which this bridge was a part followed nearly a straight line from the point where it crossed the Neponset to the centre of the town. The way in which it was laid out and built — disregarding the lay of the land, crossing the marshes, cutting through hills, and filling the bog-holes — was in strong contrast with the method pursued a century and a half before. It even dimly foreshadowed the coming railroad era. Gates and bars and crooked 302 HISTORY OF NOBFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. farm-ways disappeared before the " pike," and the colonial lines of travel underwent a change which only prepared the way for the greater change brought about by the railroad only two-score years later. During Braintree's first century it is very ques tionable whether the roads were kept in any state of systematic repair at all. That they were very bad, and at the season of the year when the frost comes out of the ground well-nigh impassable, may safely be inferred. There was no tax imposed for constructing or keeping them in order, and such work as was done upon them was done in kind. At certain seasons of the year every one was called upon to labor on the roads, bringing with him his horse and his oxen, if he had them, his cart and his tools. The principles of road construction were wholly unknown, and the labor and time expended were largely thrown away. The change to another system took place about the year 1760, and John Adams was instrumental in bringing it about. He afterwards recounted his experience in the matter. In March, 1761, being then a young lawyer in Braintree, he found himself suddenly chosen surveyor of highways. He was at first very indignant, and remarked that " they might as well have chosen any boy in school;" but after thinking the matter over, he concluded that it was best for him to accept the situation quietly, and at least give the town an energetic administration of the office. " Accordingly, I went to ploughing and ditching and blowing rocks upon Penn's Hill, and building an entire new bridge of stone below Dr. Miller's and above Mr. Wibird's. The best workmen in town were employed in laying the foundation and placing the bridge, but the next spring brought down a flood that threw my bridge all into ruins. The materials remained, and were afterwards relaid in a more durable manner; and the blame fell upon the workmen, not upon me, for all agreed that I had executed my office with impartiality, diligence, and spirit." Yet this not unusual outcome of amateur, though official, zeal seems to have set the Braintree road sur veyor reflecting, for he goes on to say, — " There had been a controversy in town for many years con cerning the mode of repairing the roads. A party had long struggled to obtain a vote that the highways should be repaired by a tax, but never had been able to carry their point. The roads were very bad and much neglected, and I thought a tax a more equitable method and more likely to be effectual, and, therefore, joined this party in a public speech, carried a vote by a large majority, and was appointed to prepare a by-law, to be enacted at the next meeting. Upon inquiry I found that Rox bury and, after them, Weymouth had adopted this course. I procured a copy of their law, and prepared a plan for Braintree, as nearly as possible conformable to their model, reported it to the town, and it was adopted by a great majority. Under this law the roads have been repaired to this day, and the effects of it are visible to every eye." The closing words of this extract are perhaps the most suggestive portion of it. Some idea may be formed of what the condition of the roads must have been before 1760, when their condition prior to the year 1820 is confidently spoken of as a vast and indis putable improvement. But during the whole colonial period down even to the year 1830, the use the roads were put to in a country town was comparatively light. There was then no internal commerce worthy of the name, There were no lines of regular stages running through Quincy prior to the year 1800, and the pleasure travel over the roads amounted to nothing at all. Journeys were made chiefly on horseback. In the winter-time, when the ground was hard with frost or covered with snow, the clumsy carts and sleds, drawn mainly by oxen, were kept busy bringing loads of cord- wood down from the wood-lots, or carrying corn, potatoes, and other farm produce to market in Bos ton. Manure was hauled only from the barn-yard to the neighboring field ; lumber and material were carted only when some dwelling or out-building had to be raised. The quarry teaming did not begin until after 1825, and the stage-coach period was wholly of the present century. The first of these coaches which ran from Boston was that to Providence in 1767, making part of the inside line to New York; and the Massachusetts south-shore towns — Wey mouth, Hingham, Scituate, and Plymouth— had a packet or, later, a steamboat service until after the railroad was opened. As late as 1823 the stage coach travel through Quincy was limited to some three trips a week to and from Plymouth and the in termediate towns. Locally, when the Neponset turn pike was opened, Col. James Thayer began to run a baggage-wagon, in which he also carried passengers, from Quincy to Boston. Simon Gillett purchased the route in 1823, and shortly after put upon it a regular stage passenger-coach, the " John Hancock" by name. This was an epochal event, and the "John Hancock" made four trips a week, carrying passengers inside and out. It left Quincy betimes in the morn ing so as to reach Barnard's, in Elm Street, at nine o'clock, from which place it started at four p.m. on its return trip. It was years later that daily trips were made ; and, indeed, it was not until 1840 that the stage-coach movement began to tax the capacity of the highw ays. During the first hundred and seventy years of the settlement, therefore, the country roads in Braintree, however poorly made or kept in repair, were quite equal to the light work exacted of them. Of what that work was we get glimpses here and there in such records as that of Tutor Flynt's journey to QUINCY. 303 Portsmouth in 1755, and John Adams' drive with his wife to Salem in 1766 to visit their " dear brother Cranch." There being then no stages at all in the colony, " a single horse and chair without a top was the usual mode of conveyance. A covered chair, called a calash, was very seldom used." In the case of Tutor Flynt, he and his companion, leaving Cambridge after breakfast, " oated" and had " a nip of milk punch" at Lynn, and then towards sunset " reached the dwelling of the Bev. Mr. Jewett, of Rawley, and Mr. Flynt acquainted him he meant to tarry there that night." They reached Ports mouth the following evening. John Adams, some ten years later, leaving Braintree in the morning, dined in Boston and passed the night at Medford, getting to Salem at noon the following day. The streets of Salem he found " broad and straight and pretty clean." The houses he thought the most elegant and grand he had seen in " any of the in terior towns." A few years later, while riding the circuit, he described how he "Overtook Judge Cushing in his old curricle and two lean horses, and Dick, his negro, at his right hand, driving the ourricle. This is the way of traveling in 1771, — a judge of the circuits, a judge of the superior court, a judge of the King's bench, common pleas, and exchequer for the Province, travels with a pair of wretched old jades of horses in a wretched old dung-cart of a curricle, and a negro on the same seat with him driving." An eye-witness gives a not dissimilar description of Dr. Chauncey, pastor of the First Church in Bos- son, as he drove about the town making his parochial visits at a period about fifteen years later. " In a heavy, yellow-bodied chaise, with long shafts, a black boy perched on the horse's tail, the old divine was seated, in his .dignified clerical costume, with three- cornered hat, gold cane, and laced wrists, bowing gracefully to citizens as he passed. His grinning young driver in the meanwhile exchanged his com pliments with young acquaintances of his own color by touching them up with his long whip from his safe perch." This was after the Revolution, but the simple ways of the fathers were still in vogue. It has already been mentioned that when Bray Wilkins, in 1692, at the age of eighty-two, came from Salem to Boston to pass election week, his wife, scarcely younger than himself, rode on the pillion behind him. But this method of conveyance was not peculiar to those of Bray Wilkins' condition in life. A few years later, in November, 1700, the widow of Col. Edmund Quincy died. Judge Sewall went out to Braintree to her funeral from the old Quincy house, and he describes how, " because of the Porrige of snow, the Bearers rid to the Grave, alighting a little before they came there. Mourners, Cous. Edward and his Sister rid first ; then Mrs. Anna Quincy, widow, be hind Mr. Allen ; and cousin Ruth Hunt behind her Husband." A few years later, in 1712, Judge Sew all also describes a journey he made from Plymouth, where he had been holding court, to Boston. It was early in March : " Rained hard quickly after setting out ; went by Mattakeese Meeting-house, and forded over the North River. My Horse stumbled in the considerable body of water, but I made a shift, by God's Help, to set him, and he recovered and carried me out. Rained very hard, that went into a Barn awhile. Baited at Bairsto's. Dined at Cushing's. Dryed my coat and hat at both places. By that time got to Braintry, the day and I were in a manner spent, and I turned in to Cousin Quinsey. Lodged in the chamber next the Brooke." When Judge Sewall thus turned in at its gate on that rainy March day, the Quincy house had already been standing for twenty-seven years. It still remains, a noticeable specimen of the best domestic architec ture of colonial times. Its comparatively broad hall in the centre of the house, the easy, winding staircase with carved balustrade, the low studded, but fairly large, rooms opening to the south and west, the broken line of the floors and ceilings which tell the story of increased size, the little ship-like lockers and other like attempts to economize space while space is everywhere wasted, — all these things bespeak the dwelling-place of gentry. Time has only hardened into something very like iron the solid timbers of hewn oak still bearing upon them the marks of the axe ; and one room yet has on its walls the quaint Chinese paper which tradition says was hung there in 1775 in honor of Deborah Quincy's approaching marriage to Hancock. Nor in the last century was the Edmund Quincy house the only specimen of this order of dwelling in Braintree North Precinct. Col. John Quincy occu pied another such house at Mount Wollaston, which he had built in 1716, and which stood there, though reduced to baser uses, until the year 1852. Here during his long public life he often entertained parties of ladies and gentlemen who came across the bay to visit him from Boston, and there are traditions of strawberry parties held on the Half-Moon before yet the upland top of that now submerged gravel ridge had been wholly washed away. The Vassall house, sequestered as Tory property after the Bevolu- tion and bought by John Adams in 1785, was another of these gentry residences. Built about 1715, as the summer resort of a West India planter, it still contains one room paneled from floor to ceiling in 304 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. solid St. Domingo mahogany. Originally it was a small dwelling, constructed on a plan not unusual in the tropics, with kitchen and all domestic arrange ments behind the house and in a separate building. In itself it contained only parlors and sleeping-rooms ; but gradually it was added to, until the original house is now lost in the wide front and deep gabled wings of the later structure. In this house John Adams died ; and in the same room in it were cele brated his own golden wedding, and the golden wed dings of his son and his grandson. These houses and houses like these were the homes in Braintree of the landed gentry, during the long time in which there was in the community little property other than land. They were the manor houses of the period. Close to them stood the stable, the barn, the corn and wood and cart-sheds, the cider-mill, and all the other buildings belonging to the farm, which lay behind and arouud them. Nor were those farms merely the costly luxury of gentle man-farmers. On the contrary, the owner of the house drew from the farm around it his chief sup port. He lived upon its produce, for the more pro lific soil of the West had not then beggared New England agriculture. From wood-lot to orchard the fruits of each acre were carefully gathered, and what was not sold was used in rude abundance at home. Yet the primitive simplicity of the life in those early homes can now hardly be realized. They had none of the modern appliances of luxury, and scarcely those now accounted essential to proper cleanliness or even decency. As dwelling-places during the less inclement seasons of the year, these houses were well enough, though the life was simple and monotonous to the last degree ; but in winter there was little comfort to be had in them. John Adams during the last years of his life used to wish that he could go to sleep in the autumn like a dormouse, and not wake until spring. The cold of the sitting-rooms was tem pered by huge wood fires, which roasted one-half the person while the other half was exposed to cold drafts. The women sat at table in shawls, and the men in overcoats. Water left in the unventilated bedrooms froze solid, and entries, which could not be heated had the temperature of ice-houses. Such were what might be called the mansions of the colonial gentry, and such in Braintree they con tinued to be until long after 1830. The gradual in troduction of coal and new appliances for heatin°- then revolutionized modes of life. The dwellings of the farmers were of another class, excellent specimens of which still remain in Quincy in the old Adams houses at Penns-hill, and in the so called Hardwick house, once the home of Parsons Fiske and Marsh. It was the simplest form of domestic architecture. A huge stack of brick chimney was the central idea in it, and about this the house was built. It was one room only in depth, and two stories in height. The front door opened on a narrow space, with rooms on either side, while directly opposite the door, and some four or five feet away, were the crooked stairs, sup. ported on the chimney. Behind this outer shell was a lean-to, the sloping roof of which, beginning at the rear eaves of the house, descended to within a few feet of the ground. In this were the kitchen and wash-room, and here, on all ordinary occasions the family took their meals and the household work was done. Of the front rooms, one was the ordinary sitting-room and the other the best parlor, which, formal, unventilated, and uncomfortable, was entered only upon the Sabbath or great occasions, such as a funeral or a wedding or a birth. About these houses, which stood as a rule facing towards the south and as near as might be to the road, though rarely square with it, were the out-houses, sheds and barns neces sary for carrying on farm or household work. The wearing apparel and household furniture, as revealed through the Braintree inventories, speak also of a modest and almost Spartan simplicity, There seem to have been a few beds, — possibly one of feathers, but generally of wool or of corn-husks,— some bolsters, blankets, and coverlids ; but, except in the cases of the more wealthy, there is no mention of bed linen. Col. Edmund Quincy's two carpets were appraised at one pound. There was a table, and poB- sibly two ; a few chairs, perhaps half a dozen, and, in the case of the rich, a scattering of cushions and covers to chairs, but stools were chiefly in use. Knives and forks are not mentioned until a compar atively recent time, but pewter and earthenware is generally valued at from a few shillings to as many pounds. The kitchen utensils seem to have con sisted of a brass and iron pot or two and some pans, In the house there would be a Bible, and possibly a few other books ; an old musket and sword ; a looking- glass now and then. The dress was of home-spun, and worn and reworn until there was nothing left of it. A hat would descend from father to son, and for fifty years make its regular appearance at meeting. The wearing apparel of a whole family would thus be stored away for generations, fashions never chang ing ; and accordingly it is a noticeable fact that wear ing apparel constitutes the first, and generally one of the largest items of the inventories. The food and drink in use in Braintree during the first century or two of town life were as simple as the QUINCY. 305 furniture. Indian corn-meal was the great standby; and even as late as the earlier years of the present century flour was bought by the pound, and used only in the houses of the gentry. As bread made wholly of meal soon became dry, rye was mixed with it; and from long use rye was not uncommonly preferred to wheat. Fresh meat was rarely seen, but the well- to-do in the autumn of each year were in the cus tom of salting down a hog or a quarter of beef, bits of which were boiled in the Indian porridge. Marshall notes in his diary that, in January, 1704, a hog weighing two hundred and sixty pounds cost him fifty shillings, and a quarter of beef, sev enty-four pounds, cost him twelve shillings ; and he at the same time mentions that provisions were then " more plenty and cheap than is frequently known, beef for six farthings per pound, pork at two pence the most, the best two and a half pence, Indian [meal] two shillings per bushel, mault barly at two shillings." Naturally the constant use of salted meat created thirst ; and this thirst, the necessary conse quence of what it is the custom to call a simple mode of life, led to that intemperance which was the bane of New England. The use of tea and coffee as bev erages was not general until about the middle of the last century, and prior to that time the people drank water, milk, beer, cider, and rum. The excessive use of the last, and its demoralizing consequences, it will be necessary to speak of presently, and at length. Meanwhile it will be noticed that Marshall in his short price-list mentions "mault barly" as the staple next in importance to corn-meal. A brewery was one of the earliest Braintree institutions, second only to the mill. The first was established by Henry Adams, the town clerk, shortly after 1640, and was afterwards carried on by his son. Later, cider seems to have supplanted beer as the every-day and all- day beverage, and the quantity of it drunk by all classes down to a late period in this century was al most incredible. In the cellars of the more well-to- do houses a cask of cider was always on tap, and pitchers of it were brought up at every meal, and in the morning and evening. To the end of his life a large tankard of hard cider was John Adams' morn ing draught before breakfast ; and in sending direc tions from Philadelphia to her agent at Quincy, in 1799, Mrs. Adams takes care to mention that " the President hopes you will not omit to have eight or nine barrels of good late-made cider put up in the cellar for his own particular use." There were no shops, in the modern sense of the word, in Braintree or in Quincy prior to 1830. At the village store the more usual and necessary dry and 20 West India goods, as the signs read, from a paper of pins to a glass of New England rum, could be ob tained. For everything else people had to go to Bos ton, which they did on foot, on horseback, in chairs or carts, and by water. Marshall in his diary speaks of going to Boston as no unusual occurrence. In October, 1705, his father died ; in September, 1708, he lost an infant son; and in October, 1710, his mother. In each case he speaks of going to Boston the next day " to get things for the funeral." He was himself a mason and plasterer, but like most men of his time he seems to have turned his hand to any thing by which he could earn a few shillings, for he was a farmer, a carpenter, a tithingman, a constable, and a coroner. The boot-maker, the cobbler, the mason, and the carpenter were all recognized mechan ics, and earned a living by their trades. The usual wages of skilled labor were from sixty-five cents to a dollar a day. The busiest man in the town was the blacksmith, for not only were all the horses and oxen shod at his forge, but he was the general wheelwright, and maker and repairer of farm tools. Everything made of iron soon or late passed through his hands, and his shop, standing on the main street, was a cen tral point in the movement of the town. For the rest, the peddler and the fishman were the chief purveyors both of news and of merchandise, and their horns were regularly heard on Braintree roads during the first two centuries of town life. It has already been stated that at the time the orig inal church was gathered the town numbered about eighty families, representing a population of not far from 500 souls, living mainly within the limits of what afterwards became the North Pr.ecinct. When Braintree was incorporated, in 1640, the English emigration had already ceased, and for many years hereafter the coming of new families into the town was systematically discouraged. In 1682 the popula tion was limited to " about ninety or a hundred families at the most." In 1707 there were seventy-two families in the North Precinct, and seventy-one in the rest of the town, or about 800 souls in all. During the next seventy years this population increased threefold, so that in 1776 the three precincts returned 2871 inhabi tants. This was a stationary period, so that Quincy in 1800 had increased its proportion of this number only to 1081 ; which figures were again barely doubled in 1830, when they amounted to 2201. Thus in one hun dred and ninety years the population increased only from 500 to 2200, or a little more than fourfold; while during the next half-century alone it was destined to multiply fivefold. As respects wealth, it appears to have been much the same ; though the contrast be- 306 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. tween the two periods was perhaps even more striking in wealth than in population. There are few data upon which to base an estimate of the accumulated wealth of Braintree prior to the division of the town, in 1792. According to the census of 1876 the population of Quincy the year previous was 9135, and its valuation was in excess of seven millions of dollars, showing an accumulation of $600 to each inhabitant, irrespective of sex or age. It does not need to be said that these figures are very far from representing the real facts of the case. The appraisal was simply for purposes of taxation ; a sworn probate appraisal would have shown very different results. In 1830, with a population of 2200, the valuation was $813,000, or about $370 per head. The figures of the earlier periods are of no value as a guide. Turn ing now to the basis of the annual town levy, it is possible to make a comparison of periods. In 1876 the total amount raised by taxation in Quincy was $116,000; in 1830 it was $4556.24. The increase was twenty-fivefold in a period of forty-six years. In 1657 the amount paid to the two ministers was £110, and besides this there were other sums, of which no record remains, disbursed on account of the poor, the sick, and the insane. At the beginning of the next century the salary of Mr. Fiske was £90 a year. After the two precincts were divided the salary of Mr. Marsh, of the First Precinct, was £70 ; but Mr. Hancock's was £110. Then came the period of extreme currency disturbance, and Mr. Briant was to receive £62, which in the case of Mr. Wibird was, in 1755, raised to £100. This was before the division of the town ; but, approximately, it may be said that the total North Precinct levy was in 1656 not far from £100, and a century later it had not increased to over £150. In 1798 the question of a suitable salary for a col league to Mr. Wibird was much discussed. A com mittee gave it " as their most mature judgment" that it would be best for the town to pay its minis ter annually such a sum " as will enable him to main tain himself and family comfortably and with such decency as will do honor to the society that supports them." And the opinion is then expressed that the sum of $500 will afford a minister and his family " a decent support." Accordingly, in 1799, Mr. Whitney was settled in the town on a salary of $550. In the following year the entire amount raised for town and parish purposes was $3000. In 1810 it was $3200, and in 1820 it had increased to $4000. These figures reveal most strikingly the stability and evenness of the scale of expense through the long period covered by them. Between 1640 and 1820 the minister's salary increased from $300 to $750, and the total town and parish levy from $350 to $4000. The increase through the first period of one hundred and eighty years was less than twelvefold ; while in the second period of forty-six years, it has been seen, it was over twenty- fivefold. That, except during periods of war, the Braintree community increased its belongings steadily does not need to be said. Any community, every available member of which is brought up to do something, while its more active members work all day long every day in the week except Sunday, wasting nothing, utilizing everything, schooled from infancy in the severest economy and eternally striving to better its condition, — any community such as this, dwelling in a region not actually ice-bound or a desert, must accumulate from generation to generation. So the Braintree people accumulated. As each generation passed away it left more acres under cultivation, more houses, barns, and farm-buildings, more furniture and household comforts, more cattle, tools, and appliances, Yet this was all. Prior to 1830 there was no personal property in the modern sense of the word. Whatever the people had was in sight. There were no bonds or stocks locked away in safes. A few persons, — and they were very few, — having ready money amassed in trade, may have held some bank or turnpike shares ; but the people of country towns had as yet scarcely begun to be educated in this respect, and their whole idea of property was the ownership of land and buildings. Money was made in trade; and the moneyed man was he who, having amassed some ready cash, put it into goods, or loaned it out to others on good security, usually bond and mortgage. Thus the whole accumulation of the hundred and ninety years from 1640 to 1830 in a community like that of Braintree and Quincy was at home and on the surface. It showed for all it was worth. Ac cordingly, when John Adams returned to Braintree in 1788, after a ten years' absence in Europe, he spoke of the increase of population as " wonderful," and was amazed at the plenty and cheapness of provisions ; but he added " the scarcity of money is certainly very great.' And again John Quincy Adams coming back to Quincy to his father's funeral, after years of absence, spoke with deep feeling of the changes he noticed as he sat in his father's place in the old church, but he added " it was a comforting reflection that the new race of men and women had the external marks of a condition much improved upon that of the former age." Yet it may well admit of question whether the entire accumulation of that village com munity in those two centuries, lacking only ten years, QUINCY. 307 amounted to over a million and a half of dollars. Al lowing for the goods and money which the original set tlers brought over with them, this estimate supposes an average annual accumulation in the case of Brain tree of only some $7000 a year. For an industrious community of from 500 to 2000 souls this seems small. And yet it is difficult to see how in the ag gregate it could have been larger. In 1830 there were not over 400 families in the town. The official valuation of their wealth, well understood to be an underestimate, exceeded $800,000. Supposing it was in reality $1,500,000, the amount above stated, each family would on the average have had property of some sort worth $3750. In view of the fact that absolutely no one in Quincy was then more than well- to-do, and many families had nothing, living from hand to mouth, it does not seem possible that this average could have been exceeded. In referring to the Braintree community prior to 1830, constant mention has been made of the class of landed gentry, whose presence influenced in a marked degree the character and development of the town. This class, it has been observed, was the legit imate offspring of the old English land-owners ; and in early Braintree there was one family more curiously typical of it than could elsewhere be found in New England. In fact, the record of the Quincy family is probably unique even in the larger field of American history. Dwelling at the close of two centuries and a half on the same land which the original ancestor in this country bought of the Indian sachem who ruled over the Massachusetts Fields when Standish first landed at Squantum, the Quincys have in every generation maintained the same high public level. Never perhaps rising to the topmost prominence, either official or intellectual, the family record has yet in both respects been exceptionally uniform and sus tained. That record is part of the history of the town which took its name from one member of the family. As their name implies, the Quincys were of Norman stock. The probability is that an ancestor came over with William the Conqueror and fought at Hastings ; and a century and a half later the signature of a " Saer de Quincy" was affixed to the great charter of King John. When in the early years of the seventeenth cen tury the Puritan movement spread through England, Edmund Quincy and his wife, Judith, were living on an estate which the husband had inherited from his father, another Edmund Quincy, and which was at Achurch, near Wigsthorpe, in Northamptonshire. Himself a Puritan, when another Edmund Quincy was born in 1627, the local record shows that the child was " baptized elsewhere and not in our Parish Church." In 1633, being then in his thirty-second year, Edmund Quincy came to New England, a com panion of John Cotton, landing in Boston on the 4th of September. He was almost immediately made a freeman, and his name is found afterwards not infre quently in the records of Boston. He died in 1637, shortly after the allotment at the Mount had been made to him. He and Governor William Coddington were of nearly the same age, and the grant of land to the two lay undivided for two years after Quincy's death. It may, therefore, be surmised that they were personal friends, and not impossibly it was Edmund Quincy's premature death which alone, in the Anti nomian frenzy, prevented his sharing Coddington's troubles, and perhaps his exile. Though he died young, he left his name to a son and the name of his wife to a daughter. From a descendant of the latter sprang the Sewall family, and in her memory also the stormy, western cape of Narragansett Bay was called Point Judith. The second Edmund Quincy, born in England in 1628, unlike his father, lived to a full old age. He is the " Unckle Quinsey" of Judge Sewall's diary, whose death is recorded on the 8th of January, 1698, as that of " a true New England man, and one of our best Friends." It was he who built the house at Braintree, and between the years 1670 and 1692 he repeatedly represented the town in the General Court. A magistrate and the lieutenant-colonel of the Suffolk regiment, he reproduced the type of the English country gentleman in New England ; and just as the former had gone up to the Long Parliament ripe for rebellion against Charles I., and half a century later had joined William of Nassau in the overthrow of James II., so Edmund Quincy, when Andros was " bound in chains and cords, and put in a more secure place," became naturally one of that Committee of Safety which carried on the government of the prov ince until the charter of William and Mary was granted. This Edmund Quincy left two sons, — Daniel, the child of his first wife (Joanna Hoar), sister of the president of the college, and Edmund, whose mother (Elizabeth Gookin) was the widow of John Eliot, Jr. Daniel Quincy was the father of that John Quincy, of Mount Wollaston, in whose honor the town of Quincy subsequently received its name. Of him it will be proper, therefore, to presently speak at length. Ed mund, his younger half-brother, inherited the father's house and farm, and presently married Dorothy Flynt, already referred to as the common origin of that re markable progeny, in which lawyers, statesmen, ora tors, poets, story-tellers and philosophers seem to vie 308 HISTOBY OF NOBFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. with each other in recognized eminence. More dis tinguished than either his father or grandfather, the third Edmund Quincy passed nearly his whole life in the public service. Graduating in 1699, in 1713-14 he represented Braintree in the General Court, and became afterwards a member of the Council. Colonel of the Suffolk regiment, he was made one of the judges of the Superior Court, and in 1737, at the age of fifty-six, he was selected as the agent of the province to represent it before the English govern ment in the matter of the disputed New Hampshire boundary. Beaching London in December, in the following February he was a victim of prevention, for he died from inoculated smallpox. He was buried in the graveyard which held the dust of Milton and Bunyan. The General Court of Massachusetts caused a monument to be there erected to him as lasting evidence that he was " the delight of his own people, but of none more than of the Senate, who, as a testi mony of their love and gratitude, have ordered this epitaph to be inscribed." Judge Edmund Quincy had two sons, Edmund and Josiah. A portion of the land at Braintree came into the possession of Josiah, and it was he who per petuated the family, though the old mansion passed into other hands. A Boston merchant and success ful privateersman in his earlier life, the first Josiah Quincy passed his later years at Braintree, dwelling for a time in a house which stood on the " Hancock lot." This house was burned in May, 1759. In it John Adams, when a man of twenty-three, was wont to spend many evenings, and it was by mere chance that he did not marry one of its daughters. The methods of passing the time there did not always commend themselves to him. " Playing cards the whole evening. This is the wise and salutary amuse ment the young gentlemen take every evening in this town. Playing cards, drinking punch and wine, smoking tobacco, and swearing. ... I know not how any young fellow can study in this town." In his turn Josiah Quincy was colonel of the Suf folk regiment, and he was also through many years a warm personal friend and correspondent of Dr. Franklin. A man of active, inquiring mind, his only experience in public life was in 1755, the year of Braddock's defeat, when he served as a commis sioner of the province in arranging joint military operations with the sister province of Pennsylvania. He left three sons, the youngest of whom, named after himself and known in history as Josiah Quincy, Jr., rose rapidly to distinction, and had he not died at the early age of thirty-one, could hardly have failed to be one of the prominent political characters of the Revolution. With John Adams he defended Captain Preston after the so-called " Boston Mas sacre," and in 1774, when scarcely thirty years of age, he was the confidential agent in London of the patriot party. Dying on shipboard, almost in sight of his native New England coast, Josiah Quincy, Jr. left behind him an infant son, whose long and honor able life, beginning before the Bevolution, outlasted the war of the Rebellion. But President Josiah Quincy, of Harvard College, though he lived all his life on the family-place at Quincy, always identified himself with the city of Boston. His history and fame are not part of the record of the town which bore his family name. Recurring to the other seventeenth-century branch of the- family, Daniel Quincy, the son of the second Edmund and father of John, on the 9th of Novem ber, 1682, married Anna Shepard, the granddaughter of the Rev. Thomas Shepard, of Cambridge. The following quaint and striking account of her wedding is contained in the pages of Sewall : " Cousin Daniel Quinsey Marries Mrs. Anna Shepard Before John Hull, esq. Sam'l Nowell, esq. and many Persons present, almost Captain Brattle's great Hall full; Captain B. and Mrs. Brattle there for two. Mr. Willard began with prayer. Mr. Thomas Shepard concluded; as be was Praying, Cousin Savage, Mother Hull, wife and self came in. A good space after, when had eaten Cake and drunk AVine and Beer plentifully, we were called into the Hall again to Sing. In Singing Time Mrs. Brattle goes out, being ill ; Most of the Company goe away, thinking it a qualm or some Fit; But she grows worse, speaks not a word, and so dyes away in her chair, I holding her feet (for she had slipt down). At length out of the Kitchiug we carry the chair, and Her in it, into the Wedding nail; and after a while lay the Corps of the dead Aunt in the Bride-Bed: So that now the strangeness and horror of the thing filled the (just now) joyous House with Ejulation : The Bridegroom and Bride lye at Mr. Airs, son-in-law to the deceased, going away like Persons put to flight in Battel." There were two children born of this marriage, a daughter, Ann, in 1685, and a son, John, in 1689. The year following Daniel Quincy died. He seems always to have lived in Boston, where he followed the trade of goldsmith, and in Boston his son was born; but circumstances seemed to draw the Quincys to wards Braintree. When William Coddington left Massachusetts he gradually disposed of his property there, and in 1639 the greater part of his allotment at Blount Wollaston passed into the hands of William Tyng, a Boston merchant. Thomas Shepard had married a daughter of this William Tyng, and the farm at Mount Wollaston, in 1661, passed by inheritance into Mrs. Shepard's hands. In 1677, five years be fore Anna Shepard married Daniel Quincy, her father, Thomas Shepard, had died, but her mother, William Tyng's daughter and the owner of Mount Wollaston, QUINCY. 309 lived until August, 1709. Mrs. Daniel Quincy, it has already been seen, married the Bev. Moses Fiske- in 1701, and died in July, 1708 ; accordingly, Mrs. Shep ard 'surviving her daughter, left the farm at Mount Wollaston to her grandson, John Quincy, who had graduated from Harvard College one year before. Coming into possession of the property at this early age, young John Quincy, in 1715, married Elizabeth Norton, daughter of the Rev. John Norton, third pas tor of the Hingham Church, and on Tuesday, Octo ber 4th, of that year, Judge Sewall records that he gave him " a Psalm-book covered with Turky-Leather for his Mistress." It was at this time that he built his house at Mount Wollaston, and went to Braintree to live, being then major of the Suffolk regiment. Two years later, in 1717, he was first sent to represent the town in the General Court, and he continued to represent it at intervals through forty years, his last term of service being in 1757. From 1719 to 1741 his service was consecutive, and from 1729 to 1739 he was Speaker of the House. Paul Dudley was then chosen to the place, but Governor Shirley nega tived him, and John Quincy was rechosen. In 1742 he became a member of the Council, and again in 1746, continuing in it until 1754. He then became again a delegate for three years. He was now sixty- eight years old, and seems to have retired from active life to pass the remainder of his days at Mount Wol laston. We there get a glimpse of him through the memoranda of John Adams, who, on Christmas- day, 1765, says he " drank tea at grandfather Quincy's. The old gentleman inquisitive about the hearing be fore the Governor and Council ; about the Governor's and Secretary's looks and behavior, and about the final determination of tho Board. The old lady as merry and chatty as ever, with her stories out of the newspapers." The hearing here referred to which excited the old councilor's interest was that before Governor Barnard on the memorial of the town of Boston, at the time of the Stamp Act riots, that the courts of law should be opened. For a number of years John Quincy was colonel of the Suffolk regiment, but in 1742 he lost that posi tion through the intrigues of Joseph Gooch. John Adams has left a lively description of this affair, in which at the time he felt a boy's keen interest ; for his own father was in the regiment, and was offered a captain's commission by Gooch, — an offer which "he spurned with disdain ; would serve in the militia under no colonel but Quincy." Early appointed a magis trate, for years and years the name of John Quincy — or Col. John Quincy, Esq., as the form of those days went — appears in the Braintree records as moderator of every town-meeting. In the parish also he was the leading man. Not only, after the usage of the period, was he noted for " a strict observance of the Lord's day, and a constant attendance upon the public ordinances of religion," but he presided at the parish meetings, and it was he who served as chairman of the committee which in 1753 investi gated the charges against Mr. Briant. John Adams describes him as " a man of letters, taste, and sense," as well as " an experienced and venerated statesman ;" but it is a curious fact of one so prominent that not a letter or paper of his, or even a book known to have belonged to him, now remains in the posses sion of his descendants. After his death and through a period of forty years his estate, aud everything be longing to him, fell into complete neglect. Yet if, as chairman of the committee, John Quincy wrote the report on the charges against Mr. Briant, that docu ment alone, in its pure, simple language and broad, liberal tone, is evidence enough that John Adams' tribute to him was not undeserved. One passage in it may serve as a sample of the whole, for it breathes the true spirit which inspires every large-minded searcher for truth ; and it was a large-minded man who wrote it. Referring to the charge that Mr. Briant had at his ordination made a profession of faith, the committee in its report denies the fact; but then does not fear to add that, even " if he had made any such profession, it could not destroy his right of private judgment, nor be obligatory upon him any further than it continued to appear to him agreeable to reason and Scripture." And, again, it had been charged that Mr. Briant had recommended a certain book doc- trinally unsound " to the prayerful perusal of one or more of his parishioners." The committee replied that his so doing " was worthy a Protestant minister ; and we cannot but commend our pastor for the pains he takes to promote a free and impartial examination into all articles of our holy religion, so that all may judge, even of themselves, what is right." A country parish in which such sentiments as these were offi cially set forth in the year 1753 was well advanced on the path which led to revolution, both political and religious. Among those of his own day John Quincy " was as much esteemed and respected as any man in the province." Enjoying what was then looked upon as an ample fortune, " he devoted his time, his faculties, and his influence to the service of his country," studiously avoiding " an ensnaring dependency on any man, and whatever should tend to lay him under any disadvantage in the discharge of his duty." He filled almost every public office to which a native-born 310 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. New Englander could in the colonial days aspire. Colonel in the militia, Speaker of the House, member of the Council, he also negotiated Indian treaties, and in 1727 the remnant of the Punkapog tribe, abused and defrauded, petitioned that he might be appointed their guardian. For nearly twenty years he held this trust, then resigning it " by reason of his dis tance" from his wards. Finally, in all positions he approved himself " a true friend to the interest and prosperity of the province ; a zealous advocate for and vigorous defender of its liberties and privileges." This detailed sketch of John Quincy is a necessary feature in the history of Old Braintree. He was a typical man. He represented, perhaps more com pletely than any other member even of the remark able family to which he belonged, a political and social element in New England life which has since disappeared. He belonged to the class which in England produced John Hampden, — the educated country gentlemen, the owners of the broad acres on which they dwelt. Following no profession, but going up to Parliament year after year, they were the loyal, ingrained representatives of the communi ties of which they were a part. Of these men Washington was a Virginia offshoot. He represented them in their highest phase of development under Southern surroundings, — plain, true, straightforward, self-respecting, gifted with that perfectly balanced common-sense which in its way is one sort of genius. Favorable circumstances, always availed of, brought Washington to the front, and have made of him an American immortality. Yet in America at that time, as in the Stoke-Pogis churchyard, there were doubt less many men who contained within themselves the possibilities of a Hampden, a Milton, or a Cromwell. That John Quincy did, cannot be asserted ; for of him now nothing remains except a name and a few dates. His grave, even, is not marked, nor its place known. But he none the less was a good specimen of the sturdy, common-sensed, high-toned class of English gentlemen in the shape New England reproduced them in colonial days. What under other circum stances he might have proved, it would be idle to surmise. Born and dying a colonist in a small pro vincial community thickly crusted over with theology, and/h freedom of thought and fancy hardly re moved from the childish stage, he and those of his time had scant room for development. The stage was small ; and its atmosphere was icy. Yet in one respect John Quincy was singularly fortunate. Though not a line of his writing remains, though his public services are forgotten, though his grave is unknown and his only son died childless, yet his name survives. When, in 1792, the orig. inal town of Braintree was subdivided, the Rev, Anthony Wibird " was requested to give a name to the place. But he refusing, a similar request was made to the Hon. Richard Cranch, who recommended its being called Quincy, in honor of Col. John Quincy." Nor was this the only form in which the name was perpetuated. Col. Quincy had two children, a son named Norton in honor of his mother's family, and a daughter, who became in time the wife of William Smith, of Weymouth. Among the children of this couple was one who, in October, 1764, married John Adams. In July, 1767, as old John Quincy lay dying at Mount Wollaston, this granddaughter of his gave birth to a son, and when, the next day, as was then the practice, the child was baptized, its grand mother, who was present at its birth, requested that it might be called after her father. Long afterwards the child thus named wrote of this incident: "It was filial tenderness that gave the name. It was the name of one passing from earth to immortality. These have been among the strongest links of my attachment to the name of Quincy, and have been to me through life a perpetual admonition to do nothing unworthy of it." In the year 1791, Miss Hannah Adams, the his torian, in writing to John Adams, made reference to the " humble obscurity" of their common origin, Her correspondent, in reply, while acknowledging the kinship, went on to energetically remark that, could he " ever suppose that family pride were any way excusable, [he] should think a descent from a line of virtuous, independent New England farmers for a hundred and sixty years was a better founda tion for it than a descent through royal or noble scoundrels ever since the flood." The " virtuous, independent New England farmers" here described were to the full as important a social and political element in colonial days as the gentry. They repre sented the free yeomanry of England under the new conditions, just as the gentry represented the land holders. But it has already been noticed that the New England farmer, as a rule, did not pay rent. He was the owner of the land on which he lived and a freeholder, — the equal of any one. This holding of the fee it was which gave him his individuality. He ceased to be the cultivator of another's ground, and himself had a stake in the country. Accordingly, he became an influence second to none other in the shaping of New England development. His in fluence, too, was immensely conservative. Not quick of thought, he was the reverse of receptive of new ideas ; and, when money entered into the question, he QUINCY. 311 was mean. Accustomed in his struggle for subsist ence to extort everything he got from a niggard soil, he watched public expenditure with a cold, saving eye, and in town-meeting could be safely counted upon to raise his voice against anything which was likely to impose a burden on his farm. Subsequent history showed this clearly. Questions of taxation appealed to him at once, and a freedom from all im posts not voted by himself most nearly embodied his idea of independence. In the sphere of his narrow village life, far removed from great cities, he saw around him but two classes of men to whom he in any way looked up ; these were the clergy and the gentry, the minister and the squire. So far as means and mode of life were concerned, these were not very different from himself; they, as well as he, led simple lives. All mingled in the streets, at church and in town-meeting, with an equality which was not the less mutually respectful because it was real. In the gentry and clergy, therefore, the farmer saw nothing to which he might not aspire for his own child. There was no privileged class, no suggestion of caste, or rank, or nobility. If the small farmer chose by dint of severe economy to send his son to college, that son would be a minister and might marry into the gentry. Accordingly, the farmer was very apt to send one son at least to college. As Edmund and John Quincy were in Braintree typical of the gentry, so Deacons Samuel Bass and John Adams were typical of the farmer class. Through the whole colonial period the deacon was held in high respect ; on the Sabbath he sat on his own bench before the pulpit, and on the week-day he and the magistrate and the officers of the militia were the titled men of the village. Speaking of a kinsman of his, Oxenbridge Thacher used to say, " Old Col. Thacher, of Barnstable, was an excellent man ; he was a very holy man ; I used to love to hear him pray ; he was a counselor and a deacon. I have heard him say that of all his titles, that of a deacon he thought the most honorable." Braintree's first deacon, Samuel Bass, has already been referred to as the progenitor of a numerous offspring, for at the time of his death he had seen one hundred and sixty-two descendants. Born in 1601, he came over to New England in 1632, and first settled at Boxbury ; from whence, in 1640, he re moved to Braintree, there purchasing lands which for over two centuries remained in the hands of his descendants. He was received into the com munion of the church in July, 1640, and chosen dea con, which office he held until his death, in 1694. A small two-handled cup of plain silver in the commu nion service of the first church yet bears his name and title inscribed upon it as one of its givers. Active also in civil life. Deacon Bass represented the town in no less than twelve General Courts between 1641 and 1664. In 1645 he was on the committee to see that the town-marsh should " be improved to the Elders' use," and for several years he was one of three, empowered by the court to " end small cases in Braintree under twenty shillings." In 1653 he re ceived fifteen votes out of a total of forty-one for the position of ruling elder in the church, and two years later he was one of the commission appointed by the General Court to build a cart-bridge over the Ne ponset. Thus — " His virtues walk'd their narrow round, Nor made a pause, nor left a void; And sure the eternal Master found His single talent well employ'd." In 1657 a son of Deacon Bass, John by name, married Ruth Alden, the daughter of John and Pris- cilla Alden, of Plymouth and " Mayflower" fame. By her he had a daughter, Hannah, born in June, 1667. This Hannah Bass presently married Joseph Adams, of Braintree, and on the 8th of February, 1692, she gave birth to John Adams, afterwards in his turn deacon of the First Precinct church. This John Adams, therefore, was the great-grandson of the original Deacon Bass, and one of the hundred and sixty-two descendants born to him before his death. John Adams was in his turn a typical New England yeoman. He lived on his farm, through which ran the main street of the town, dying in 1761 , " beloved, esteemed, and revered by all who knew him," having had seven children, the eldest of whom, also named John, he had sent to college. The life of the elder John Adams well illustrates what has been called " the sturdy, unostentatious demeanor of those who filled the minor places of usefulness" in early New England. For nearly forty years his name regularly appears in the records of the town. He passed through all its grades of office ; for in 1722, he being then by occupation a " cordwainer," or maker of shoes, was chosen " sealer of leather." In 1724 he was tythingman, and in 1727 constable, or collector of taxes. In 1734 he was an ensign in the militia, and also selectman ; and a little later, having become lieutenant, he volunteered to take care of the town powder, providing a chest for it in his own house, which he thus converted into a magazine. Between 1740 and 1749, being still Lieut. Adams, he is nine times selectman. It was in one of the earlier of these years that his military life came to an end as the result of Joseph Gooch's intrigues to supersede Col. John 312 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. Quincy. Lieut. John Adams, it will be remembered, refused " with disdain" the offer of a captaincy from Gooch. But in May, 1747, he had taken his place among the deacons on the bench before the pulpit, and in 1752 he reappears in the records among the selectmen as Deacon John Adams, and is chosen through four successive years, and again in 1758 ; fourteen years in all, did he fill the office, " almost all the business of the town being managed by him." He was now in his sixty-seventh year, and his name appears but once more in the records, and then only in connection with a way through his land. Three years later he died in a season of epidemic. Long after, in referring to him, his son wrote that he could not adequately express the exalted opinions he had " of his wisdom and virtue," and that he was " a man of strict piety and great integrity ; much esteemed and beloved wherever he was known, which was not far, his sphere of life being not extensive." While the individuals whose lives have been sketched represented the gentry and yeomanry of the province, it must not be supposed that those classes made up the whole of that community. This was not the case. They were its distinctive types only. The body of that community, like those of all commu nities, was composed of laboring people ; and, while in Braintree the richest were poor, there is ample evi dence that the poorest did not live in abundance. On the contrary, besides the ordinary laborer who simply made his living, there was a curious pauper class, traces of which appear all through the records, who lived in hovels on the waste land, picking up a living in un known ways. They were the vicious, the shiftless, and the intemperate. Left to take care of themselves, the law of the survival of the fittest worked upon them slowly, perhaps, but in that rugged climate it worked with certainty. They died out. When Quincy was set off, in 1792, one of the first things the select men did was to warn fourteen adults, seven of whom had families, to " depart the limits of the town." Throughout the records of the whole colonial period, down even to the year 1830, the heavy proportion which the expense of maintaining the poor bears to all other public charges is most noticeable. It was far heavier than it now is, and it showed a continual tendency to disproportionate growth. And yet the charity of those days was cold. Indeed, anything colder could not well be conceived. It acknowledged in the poor and the unfortunate a right to live ; and that was all. On this point the record is instructive. It opens with the town-meeting of Dec. 24, 1094, when the earliest specific appropriation ever recorded in Braintree was made. The first item of it reads " Five pounds for John Belcher's widow's mainten ance; thirty shillings to Thomas Bevell for keeping William Dimblebee." But the unfortunate Dimble- bee had already gone to his rest, and this payment, was for service performed, as a little further on seven shillings is appropriated " for Dimblebee's coffin." Before this entry of 1694 there is one other which throws a gleam of ghastly light on a subject which of late years has been somewhat discussed. It has been the fashion to assert that for certain reasons, traceable to local peculiarities of life or thought, insanity is in New England on the increase, and the census tables have been confidently appealed to in support of this theory. Those advocating the theory have seemed to forget that social statistics are of recent invention, and that the charitable systems of some communities are more perfect than those of others. To compare the showing as respects insanity of a community which now carefully gathers the demented together, and ten derly cares for them in hospitals, with the showing of that same community before its demented were cared for at all, is sufficiently absurd : yet even this is far less absurd than it is to compare the record of such a com munity with that of some other community which still leaves its insane tied in attics and cellars, or wandering in the streets ; and then to argue that the first commu nity, because it cares for the insane and numbers them, is afflicted with an epidemic of insanity from which the last community, because it neither cares for or numbers them, is exemjDt. It is a mistake to suppose that our age has been fruitful of new social or physical evils. There is a world of truth in Macaulay's remark, when treating of these questions, that the social and physical ills which so shock us now are, with scarcely an exception, old ; " that which is new is the intelli gence which discerns and the humanity which reme dies them." Here is the first record relating to the treatment of the insane poor of Braintree town, under date of 1689: "It was voted that Samuel Speer should build a little house, seven foot long and five foot wide, and set it by his house to se cure his sisters, good wife Witty being distracted, and provide for her, and the town by vote agreed to see him well payed and satisfied which shall be thought reasonable." The wretched maniac was chained like a dog in a kennel which stood by her brother's house. Then again in 1699, in language hardly less significant of cold, merciless brutality, it was " Voted, That John Bagley, of Roxbury, should have four pounds for keeping Abigail Neal, Providing he give the Town no further trouble." Poor Abigail Neal was not in this way to be gotten rid of; and the next year Dr. Bayley had to be voted QUINCY. 313 eight pounds more, accompanied again with the con- [[[[ dition that he should "take up therewith and give " the Town no Farther Trouble." The year following ¦'¦' Abigail cost the town thirty-eight shillings ; and at last, in 1707, it was bargained with one " Samuel Bullard, of Dedham or Dorchester," that he should take the unfortunate creature and keep her for " eighteen pence a week ; and if he cured her he should "" have ten pounds, but if he failed to cure her, only twenty shillings. The records contain no further trace of Abigail Neal. But at the same time " Eben ezer Owen's destracted daughter" had to be cared for, and the selectmen accordingly in 1699 are in structed to treat with Josiah Owen "and give him Twenty pounds money provided he gives bond under his hand to cleare the Town forever of said girle." Mary Owen was no more to be so disposed of than Abigail Neal, and in 1706 forty shillings a year was voted Josiah Owen for her care. Such in those days — " good old days" — was the pro vision made for the insane, — eighteen pence a week for care, or twenty pounds provided bond was given " to clear the town forever of said girl." The poor were treated with consideration not much more ten der. In old Braintree there was no almshouse until shortly before the division of the town. One was finally built in the Middle Precinct in 1786, and Capt. Jonathan Thayer was chosen its first overseer, being allowed £3 12s. for a year's services as such. Down to that time, therefore, providing for the needs of the poor at their homes had been one of the most important and irksome duties of the selectmen. It was also a fruitful source of jobbery. John Adams describes how the moment a selectman was elected he was importuned for " the privilege of sup plying the poor with wood, corn, meat, etc." He then had to visit them ; and, if he found they had a legal residence in another town, return them to it. The amount spent for their care was not large, but it was enormous compared with what was spent for other town purposes. In 1770, for instance, it was £90 in a total town expenditure of £245. This also seems to have been the normal proportion. Nor did it decrease after the division of the town. Quincy then adopted the practice of putting the care of its poor up at public auction, to be knocked down to those who would undertake it at the lowest price. In 1813 this price averaged " $1.42 each per week, exclusive of sickness and funeral charges." In 1806, also, it was voted that " the medical care of the poor be let out by the selectmen to the physician who will under take that charge at the lowest price." Naturally this method of dealing with pauperism put a premium on its increase. Accordingly, during the six years be tween 1808 and 1813, both inclusive, out of $18,200 levied by taxation to meet necessary town and parish expenses, $6205, or more than one-third of the whole, went to the support of the poor. They cost more than the church or the schools. The mat ter was then vigorously taken hold of, and reformed. Nevertheless, the evidence all points to the conclusion that, in proportion to the total of all expenses, the cost of maintaining the poor prior to 1820 was several times what it now is in any well-regulated town. In Quincy it amounted to nearly one-half of the town expenses, those of the parish being deducted. It now amounts to less than one-tenth. Undoubtedly carelessness and want of system in extending relief had much to do with this excess ; but, making all due allowance for this, it is difficult to avoid the inference that there is proportionally much less extreme pov erty in the modern than there was in the colonial New England town. Pauperism has distinctly de creased. This is not generally supposed to have been the case ; should it prove to be so, a partial explana tion, at least, of the fact will probably be found in the more temperate habits of the people. This subject will have presently to be considered by itself. Mean while it is only necessary here to say that if rum, gin, and cider were now sold as publicly and used as freely in Quiucy as they were there sold and used sixty years ago, the increase of pauperism and vice could doubt less be studied clearly enough in the tax-rate and the returns of the almshouse. In Braintree and Quincy, as in all the other Mas sachusetts towns, these social problems, of which pau perism was one, were, until a comparatively recent date, disposed of in what is commonly known as the plain, practical, business-like way. Unfortunately the problems were complex ; so the plain, practical way of disposing of them proved not to be the right way. Insanity and pauperism could not be hustled out of sight by a town-meeting vote; nor could they be dis posed of beyond the current year to those who would undertake the job of dealing with them at the lowest rate. Though excellent for certain purposes, it had yet to be made plain that the town-meeting was not adapted to every purpose, and least of all could it work to results through what is now known as a scientific method. As a means for dealing with com plex social problems it is, therefore, not a success. It can no more do that, than it could make discover ies in chemistry or astronomy. But poverty, intem perance, ignorance and vice are found everywhere. The town government is found only in New England ; and it is the object of a work like the present to deal 314 HISTOBY OF NOBFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. rather with those institutions which are peculiar to New England than with the problems common to all mankind. When John Adams was minister of the federated States at the English Court, a certain Maj. Langbourno, of Virginia, one day dined with him, and in the course of their table-talk noticed, rightfully enough, the difference of character between Virginia and New England. John Adams then goes on : " I offered to give him a receipt for making a New England in Virginia. He desired it; and I recommended to him town- meetings, training-days, town schools and ministers, giving him a short explanation of each article. The meeting-house and school-house and training-field are the scenes where New England men are formed. . . The virtues and talents of the people are there formed; their temperance, patience, fortitude, prudence, and justice, as well as their sagacity, knowl edge, judgment, taste, skill, ingenuity, dexterity, and in dustry." In saying this Mr. Adams spoke from actual ob servation. He, and his ancestors before him, had for a century and a half been a part of that which he described. He thoroughly understood New England. But there was one institution he did not mention, which, for good and ill, was hardly less influential an element in early New England life and action than the most potent of those which he did mention. That omitted institution was the country tavern. Of the Braintree town-meetings and church-going there is little that needs to be said. They were like other Massachusetts town-meetings and church-goings, and these have been frequently described. During the first twenty years after 1640 formal or stated meetings of all the freemen do not seem to have been held, or, if they were, no record of them was made; but from time to time a few of the more prominent church members met at the dwelling-place of one of their number and passed certain votes, some of which were recorded in a book. Not until 1673 was pro vision made for holding general meetings at specified seasons. For over sixty years these were then held in the old stone church, but in 1736 it was voted to hold half of them in the North Precinct and the other half in the Middle Precinct meeting-house. The last- named edifice, therefore, served not only as a town- hall, but for a time at least as a magazine, for in 1746 the selectmen were instructed to build a " Closite on the Beams of the Middle Precinct meeting-house (if it be allowed of) as a suitable place to keep the pow der." There was nothing sacred about the early New England church building. That the meeting-house and the furniture in it underwent hard treatment at secular meetings scarcely needs to be said. Not only were those gatherings frequent, but the deliberations and debates which took place at them were sometimes long and exciting, while among those assembled there was not a little disorder and drunkenness. The Mid dle Precinct meeting-house stood directly opposite the Eben Thayer tavern, where a sort of open-house was kept on all election and other public days, and in 1766, John Adams records that a certain candidate on the ticket with himself was defeated because "the north end people, his friends, after putting in their votes the first time, withdrew for refreshment." Ac cordingly, it is small matter of surprise that the record contains formal votes forbidding those attending the meetings from standing on the seats. The rude and almost stern equality which, as matter of common usage, prevailed at those town- meetings was well illustrated by an incident which occurred in 1758. It was the duty of the annually elected town constable to collect all taxes. The office, therefore, was avoided; for not only did it en tail much work, but there was a dangerous liability attached to it. Under the law as it then stood the constable had to account for all taxes included in the levy which he had failed to collect, as well as for those he actually received. Nor without reason, there fore, was it argued in the town-meeting of 1766 that . " collecting taxes had laid the foundation for the ruin of many families." So much was the office avoided that as early as 1709, the church bell being cracked, one Daniel Legaree offered to mend it " on condition of his being free from being chosen constable ;" and the town formally accepted the offer, providing further that " if anything should happen whereby [the bell] should be melted or broken, that [Legaree] will re turn the same weight of the same metal that he re ceives." At the March town-meeting of 1761, John Adams says, " when I had no suspicion, I heard my name pronounced in a nomination of surveyors of high ways. I was very wroth, because I knew no better, but said nothing. My friend Dr. Savil came to me and told me that he had nominated me to prevent me from being nominated as constable. ' For, said the doctor, ' they make it a rule to compel every man to serve either as constable or surveyor, or to pay a fine." This was quite true ; nor could John Adams well have failed to know it. He had probably thought that, as a college graduate and student of law, he would be exempted from the common rule. If De did think so, he should have known better. There were no exemptions allowed ; and, indeed, it was one of the rough town-meeting jokes to elect men consta bles who had never served, and make them pay the fine. For instance, in 1734, Josiah Quincy, then a .young man of twenty-five, was elected ; and the QUINCY. 315 record reads " Mr. Josiah Quincy refused to serve, and paid his fine down, being five pounds." In 1728, Moses Belcher was chosen ; and he declaring non- acceptance, William Fields was next chosen. Fields also declaring his non-acceptance, " John Adams being by a majority of votes chosen, he declared his acceptance." In 1735 no less than twenty-five pounds were paid in as fines for non-acceptance, and those fines were looked upon as a considerable source of revenue to the town. Col. John Quincy's only son, Norton, graduated in 1736, and two years later, at the town-meeting of September 11th, he was chosen constable. Another meeting was held a week afterwards. Col. Quincy was then a man of nearly seventy, and for almost fifty years he had been the most prominent personage in the town. He was looked up to with that respect which, in the popular mind, always accompanies advancing years associated with high public office. Apparently the old man thought the choice of his son as town constable an act derogatory to him ; so he went into the meeting, and, as the record says, "desired his son might be excused from serving constable." Among those to whom he addressed his request there could not have been many who remembered a time when he had not, as a matter of course, presided at town- meetings. They were not wanting in deference to years and standing ; and, if they would defer to any one, they would surely defer to him. But, clearly, they thought that Col. Quincy was now demanding for him self and his an exemption from public service which amounted to little less than a denial of equality. Such an assumption of superiority was inconsistent with the spirit of town government. And so, the record proceeds, " after reasons offered," the re quest to be excused was " passed in the negative," and the town treasurer was directed " to call on said Norton Quincy for his fine." Apparently the old man felt this slight, as he regarded it, deeply, for his name does not again appear in the town records, though it was nine years yet before he died. But young Norton Quincy accepted the rebuke in the true spirit. He paid his fine ; and the next year when the town again chose him constable, he quietly accepted the office and performed its duties. Later he was chosen selectman, serving as such for many years during the Revolutionary period. Once, when in Amsterdam, John Adams defined the New England man as a " meeting-going animal ;" and again he derived his experience from Braintree, where, as he long subsequently wrote, it was notori ous that he had himself " been a church-going ani mal for seventy-six years, from the cradle." In Braintree the dogs even seem to have gone to church, for in 1730, by a solemn town vote, Mr. Joseph Par- mentor, precinct clerk, was paid twenty shillings " for taking paios in beating dogs and keeping them out of the meeting-house on Sabbath days." But the Braintree church-going differed in no wise from the ordinary New England church-going, of which sufficient has been written and said.1 For genera tions all those dwelling in the town as regularly as the Sabbath day came gathered towards the plain, wooden structure, standing on the training-ground. Until the year 1827 the old horse block, for the conveni ence •of the pillion-riding good-wife, stood close to the main entrance. In the galleries sat the boys. Be fore the altar were the deacons. And here doubtless in the early days not unfrequently in midwinter was it so cold that " the Sacramental Bread was frozen pretty hard, and rattled sadly as broken into the plates." A glimpse of the interior of the church on a Sun day is obtained through the memoirs of the wife of President Quincy. She came to Quincy as a summer home in 1798, living in the house which Col. Josiah Quincy had built in 1770, and which still stands at the end of the long avenue of elms which her hus band set out in 1790. She was wont to describe the Quincy of 1800 as being still a retired village, in which few changes had taken place since the Bevo- lution. "There were only two churches, both ancient wooden edifi ces, — the Episcopal and the Congregational. The pews in the centre of the latter, having been made out of long, open seats by successive votes of the town, were of different sizes, and had no regularity of arrangement, and sevenil were entered by narrow passages, winding between those in their neighbor hood. The seats, being provided with hinges, were raised when the congregation stood during the prayer, and, at its con clusion, thrown down with a momentum which, on her first at tendance, alarmed Mrs. Quincy, who feared the church was falling. The deacons were ranged under the pulpit, and beside its door the sexton was seated, while, from an aperture aloft in the wall, the bell-ringer looked in from the tower to mark the arrival of the clergyman. The voices of the choir in the front gallery were assisted by a discordant assemblage of stringed and wind instruments. In 1S06, when the increased population of the town required a larger edifice, the meeting-house was divided into two parts ; the pulpit, and the pews in its vicinity, were moved to a convenient distance, and a new piece was inserted between the fragments." In mentioning the muster-field among the great formative influences of New England, it may well be questioned whether John Adams did not give to it an undue importance. Certainly there are in the 1 See Mr. Young's description in the volume of " Commemo rative Services of the First Parish in Hingham," Aug. 8, 1881. 316 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. Braintree records few traces of it as an active edu cational force. Whatever else they were, the New Englanders were not a military race. On the ocean they were at home, and the hardy mariners who, as Burke expressed it, pursued their gigantic game " among the tumbling mountains of ice," and " drew the line and struck the harpoon on the coast of Africa," — these same men, skillful, alert, and venturesome upon their element, have never failed to assert a brilliant supremacy in maritime warfare. But, though repeatedly in the course of its history engaged in conflicts the brunt of which was sturdily assumed, New England proper has never yet pro duced any considerable military genius. Church and Peperill, Putnam, Allen, Knox, Stark and Lincoln are names of only local note, while during the war of the Rebellion the great leaders from the New England stock were born and bred far in the interior of the continent. Not one New England soldier achieved renown. As a people they do not take kindly to camp life. When forced to it, they have always fought in a dogged, intelligent sort of way, just as they fought at Lexington and Bunker Hill ; impelled, as it were, by a consciousness that the situation was one of their own making, and they proposed to see the thing through. But to disband a New England army has never proved a difficult or delicate task. Once the work in hand was done, the camp quietly and joyously dis solved of itself. An army of Yankee mercenaries sounds like a contradiction in terms. Accordingly, though the Suffolk regiment existed as a military or ganization through a century of colonial life, and the Braintree companies were always a part of it, there is no reason to suppose that it was ever an effective force. Commissions in it were eagerly sought, and were intrigued for, and the titles of captain, lieuten ant, and ensign are continually met with in the records ; but, except in time of military excitement, the training-days were few and far apart, and partook apparently more of the character of a rough country jollification than of war. Certainly, when Washing ton took command of the provincial army at Cam bridge, neither its discipline nor its equipment be spoke a martial race. It was little more than a mob of intelligent men, organized by localities, and, as sportsmen, accustomed from youth up to the handling of guns. The first commander of the Braintree company was Capt. Bobert Keayne, whose name is more fa miliarly connected with a great litigation carried on be tween him and " one Sherman's wife," springing out of a quarrel over " a stray sow," which was brought to Keayne in 1636, and which he had "cried divers times, and divers came to see it, but none made claim to it." Mrs. Sherman then appeared on the scene, and the quarrel ensued which by degrees en listed the sympathies of the whole community on one side and the other, resulting finally in the separation of the Massachuseets Legislature into two bodies, and the introduction of the Senate as a feature in Ameri can polity. Capt. Keayne was presently succeeded in the command of the Braintree company by William TyDg, the Boston merchant who bought Mount Wol laston of Coddington. Capt. Tyng represented Rrain- tree in the General Court, and died in 1654 the richest man in the province. To him succeeded Capt. Richard Brackett, who was deacon and town clerk as well, hold ing his military commission until he reached the ripe age of seventy-three. He resigned in 1684; and to trace his successors thereafter is matter of hardly local interest, even though shortly after 1700 the town had so increased that it had two companies, one containing seventy-two families and the other seventy- one, " both enumerated by exact computation." The training-field may have been overestimated as a factor in the making of New England, but to over estimate the influence of the school in that making would be difficult. It stands next below the church in the earlier period, and above it in the more recent. Prior to 1 830 it was below it. There are entries in the Braintree records which indicate that a public Latin school was established in the town at" a very early period, though the exact date cannot be ascer tained. It was probably designed to prepare youths for college in the days when any might be admitted who were " able to read Tully, or such like classical author, extempore . . . and decline perfectly the paradigms of nouns and verbs in the Greek tongue." Yet this Latin school could hardly have been a public school in the modern sense of the term, and was prob ably only Teacher Flynt's side of his wife Margery's institution for " instructing young gentlewomen." If this was so, he in it fitted for Harvard not only his own son Henry, but also Benjamin Tompson, the son of his colleague, afterwards the first regular school master of the town. The school-house, which must have been a structure of the humblest possible description, stood at the side of the main street and almost under the eaves of the church. Nor does it seem to have been built until the year 1680, so that for forty years prior to that time all the teaching the children got must have been at home, or in the house where the temporary teacher lodged. At last, in 1679, the town agreed with Benjamin Tompsonthat he should be schoolmaster, receiving for his services QUINCY. 317 "the rent of the town's land, made up to thirty pounds." Tompson had graduated at Harvard eight years before, and was seeking to make his way as a physician. That calling afforded him a scanty sup port, and so he eked out a living by teaching. Yet even this school was not wholly free, for part of the agreement between the town and Tompson was that every child should carry in to him half a cord of wood, besides the quarter money, every year. From a subsequent vote, in 1700, it would seem that this "quarter money" was a shilling, which was accounted for by the schoolmaster to the selectmen as part of his salary. In 1701 the fee for tuition was fixed at "five shillings a year, and proportion ably for any part of it." Again, in 1715, it was voted that each parent, master, or guardian of a school child, should, on that child's next appearance at school, deliver to the mas ter three feet of wood for the use of the school. Rut in 1715, Mr. Tompson had ceased from teach ing. He died at Roxbury in 1714, leaving "behind him an uneasy world, eight children, and twenty- eight grandchildren ;" and on his tombstone he is referred to as "ye Renowned Poet of N. Engl." In Braintree he had served as town clerk, as well as physician and school-teacher ; and, after being en gaged with it in a long controversy, which in 1700 he compromised on payment of five pounds, he seems to have moved away about 1710. The building in which he taught is said to have measured some twenty feet by sixteen, and that which elsewhere re placed it in 1715 was of the same dimensions. The old school-house was then sold " for three pounds paid into the treasury." The new building sufficed for the needs of the North Precinct until as late as 1763. The history of the Braintree schools, no less than that of the church, shows in a striking way how the chrysalis stage of development lasted to the year 1830. During all that long period the same identical system was pursued, the difference being only in degree. The precinct grew and became a town, and the town increased in population ; but not until 1830 was the strain from within sufficiently strong to rend the in tegument. About the year 1720 the practice of ex acting payment for each child taught was abandoned, and the whole expense became a charge on the town. The master was then paid thirty-four pounds a year, and the town was noted for the excellence of its school in which boys were fitted for Harvard, no less than forty-seven having gone there from the First Precinct before the year 1740. In 1792 this school certainly had not improved on its earlier record, and the sum of seventy-five pounds was appropriated for its support. In 1793 a new school-house was built "on the training-field" and opposite the church, the cost of which was estimated at ninety pounds. The school-room was twenty-eight feet long by twenty wide. In 1815 this building was burned, and in 1817 another was constructed, to serve both as town- hall and school-house, which cost a little over $2000, and measured fifty-five feet by thirty. Up to 1800 all children whose parents desired them to be taught had to find their own way to the centre. In a town the size of Quincy their so doing implied a daily walk measured in many cases by miles. For the smaller children this was generally found to be too severe, and provision was made for local or " dame" schools, for which specific sums varying from $4 to $40 were annu ally appropriated. Yet in the year 1820 the whole amount voted for the support of the centre school, " in cluding ink and fuel," as well as the pay of both a male and a female teacher, was but $692. It is now, there fore, small matter for surprise that a committee then reported the school-room so crowded that the scholars, 204 in number, " were obliged to wait one for the other for seats, notwithstanding the master gave up his desk, and used every other means in his power to accom modate them." Still the town had not yet reached the stage of differentiation. With the innate conser vatism of a community accustomed to majority gov ernment, it clung to the primitive customs ; and the committee went on to submit a plan for certain altera tions, at an estimated cost of $200, by which 250 scholars were to be brought together in one room and under one master, "with an assistant when necessary." Then in 1825 the master was censured for not attend ing more faithfully to his duties ; whereupon he replied that he was not paid enough ($450 per annum) to sup port him, but if the town would increase his salary to $500 he would devote all his time to the school. This increased the appropriation to $745, leaving $245 with which to pay the female assistant, and defray all other school charges. At last, in 1829, the condition of af fairs had become intolerable, and provision was made for the district system. The chrysalis stage was over. Of the old town school of Braintree, and the system of instruction pursued in it, it is needless to speak at length. Both have often been described. They were wholly primitive. No print, or black-board, or map, or motto adorned the grimy, blackened walls within the narrow limits of which were crowded scores of children of both sexes and of every age. They sat in twos and threes on benches behind rude rows of desks cut and hacked and mutilated by the jackknives of successive generations. The larger scholars, among whom were fulUgrown young men and women, sat at 318 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. the rear, the sexes on opposite sides, while the smallest of the little children occupied low benches close to the teacher's chair. Great logs of wood blazed in the fire place, or later in stoves one of which was at each end of the room, and before these they read and ciphered and wrote. The period was one neither of refinement or sentiment, and both at home and in the school the rod was freely used. The children were neither taught much nor were they well taught ; for through life the mass of them could never read with real ease and rapidity, nor could they write a legible hand. But, after a fashion, they could read and they could write, and for those days that was much. In itself the standard was not high, but it was the highest of its time. It is well in matters of teaching as in other things to talk of the good old times, and of the thor oughness of its simple methods ; but examination only serves to make those living in the present thankful that the times have changed. Brutality, ignorance, and coarseness have not yet vanished from the world, nor are they soon likely to vanish from it : but it is safe to say that if the Braintree village school of 1790 should for a single fortnight be brought back to the Quincy of 1880, parents would in horror and astonish ment keep their children at home until a town-meet ing, called at the shortest possible legal notice, had been held ; and this meeting would probably culmi nate in a riot, in the course of which school-houses as well as school would be summarily abated as a dis grace and a nuisance. But if in the matter of schools constant effort has in the lapse of time worked a vast improvement in Quincy, the improvement as respects the tavern has been yet more marked. None the less during the colonial period the tavern, and the tavern-going habits of the people also, were a marked feature in New England life, and exerted a powerful political and educational influence. In the days before railroads, mails, and newspapers the tavern was the common gathering-place of the town, where the news was cir culated and the events of the day discussed. The modern caucus is a substitute for it. Here the poli tics of the village were arranged, and here the ques tions at issue between the colonies and the mother- country were debated. From his early life John Adams detested the public houses. He declared that in them "the time, the money, the health, and the modesty of most that were young and many old were wasted ; here diseases, vicious habits, bastards, and legislators were frequently begotten." Yet of their potency as a political educator and influence he was a living witness. More than thirty years afterwards he thus described one of these colonial tavern debates : "Within the course of the year before the meeting of Con: gress, in 1774, on a journey to some of our circuit courts in Massachusetts, I stopped one night at a tavern in Shrewsbury about forty miles from Boston, and as I was cold and wet, I sat down at a good fire in the bar-room to dry my great coat and saddlebags till a fire could be made in my chamber. There presently came in, one after another, half a dozen, or half a score, substantial yeomen of the neighborhood, who, sitting down to the fire after lighting their pipes, began a lively con versation upon politics. As I believed I was unknown to all of them, I sat in total silence to hear them. One said, 'The people of Boston are distracted.' Another answered, 'Ho wonder the people of Boston are distracted. Oppression will make wise men mad.' A third said, ' What would you say if a fellow should come to your house and tell you he was come to take a list of your cattle, that Parliament might tax you for them at so much a head ? And how should you feel if hewasto go and break open your barn, to take down your oxen, cows, horses, and sheep V ' What should I say ?" replied the first; 'I would knock him in the head.' 'Well,' said a fourth, ' if Parliament can take away Mr. Hancock's wharf and Mr; Howe's wharf, they can take away your barn and my house.' After much more reasoning in this style, a fifth, who had as yet been silent, broke out, 'Well, it is high time for us to rebel: we must rebel some time or other, and we had better rebel now than at any time to come. If we put it off for ten or twenty years, and let them go on as they have begun, they will get a strong party among us, and plague us a great deal more than they can now. As yet, they have but a small party on their side.' . . I mention this anecdote to show that the idea of independence was familiar even among the common people much earlierthan some persons pretend." This is a reminiscence long after the event ; but it only confirms what he wrote in 1761, describing what he then daily saw going on before his eyes : "If you ride over this whole province you will find that taverns are generally too numerous. . . In most country towns in this country you will find almost every other house with a sign of entertainment before~it. If you call, you will find dirt enough, very miserable accommodations of provision and lodging for yourself and your horse. Yet, if you sit the evening, you will find the house full of people drinking drams, flip, toddy, carousing, swearing ; but especially plotting with the landlord, to get him at the next town-meeting an election either for selectman or representative." Later in life Mr. Adams was wont often to say that it was in silently listening to these tavern talks among farmers as he rode the circuits that he first came to realize that American independence was both inevitable and close at hand. But the school, though effective, was dangerous. The intemperance of the colonial period is a thing now difficult to realize; and it seems to have pervaded all classes from the clergy to the pauper. Cider was the beverage of the soil ; but the people of New England had inherited a love of strong drink direct from their Saxon ances try, and cider failed to satisfy it. They craved some thing more potent. Their West India trade soon supplied it. Here is an extract from a sermon of Increase Mather's delivered in March, 1686, before a criminal awaiting execution for murder: QUINCY. 519 "It is an unhappy thing that later years a kind of strong Drink called Rum has been common amongst us, which the poorer sort of People, both in Town and Country, can make themselves drunk with. They that are poor and wicked too, can for a penny or two pence make themselves drnnk. I wish to the Lord some Remedy may be thought of for the prevention of this evil." One hundred and ten years later, speaking of the work on his farm in Quincy, John Adams describes how one of the hands got drinking, and he adds : "A terrible drunken distracted week he has made of the last. A beast associating with the worst beasts in the neighborhood, running to all the shops and private houses, swilling brandy, wine and cider in quantities enough to destroy him. If the ancients drank wine and rum as our people drink rum and cider, it is no wonder we read of so many possessed with devils." Not until after 1830 did the great temperance movement make its influence felt, and for a century and a half, therefore, it is not too much to say that rum was the bane of New England. Braintree seems to have been scourged by it, even more than most of her sister towns. At the very time the town was in corporated, at the May General Court of 1640, Mar tin Sanders, who a year before had been " alowed to keepe a house of intertainment" at the Mount, and whose name was one of the eight subscribed to the church covenant there, was " alowed to draw wine at Rraintree." In 1731 the third church was " raised,'' and the North Precinct records state that " after con siderable debate at the meeting, concerning the raising of the new meeting-house, the- question was put whether the committee should purchase Bread, Cheese, Sugar, Rum, Sider and Beer at the cost of the pre cinct, and it passed in the affirmative." In 1754, Tutor Flynt made his journey to Portsmouth. He was seventy-eight years old, an instructor in the col lege, and he had for his companion an undergraduate of twenty. At every public house at which they stopped this venerable preceptor took a " nip" of punch ; and when, " in full view of Clark's Tavern" near Portsmouth, the old gentleman was tumbled headlong out of the chaise, nearly breaking his neck, he was revived by " two or three bowls of lemon punch, made pretty sweet," which, as they " were pretty well charged with good old spirit," made him "very pleasant and sociable." In 1758, Samuel Quincy and John Adams were admitted to the prov ince bar. After the oath had been administered on motion of Gridley and Pratt, the leading lawyers of their day, the two young men " shook hands with the bar, and received their congratulations, and invited them over to Stone's to drink some punch, where the most of us resorted, and had a very cheerful chat." It is not easy to imagine leading counsel of to-day drink ing with students in a tap-room. Again, in 1778 Count d'Estaing came to Boston with the Frencli fleet. Mrs. Adams visited it and could not sufficiently express her admiration of the bearing of officers and men, which she said ought to make Americans " blush at their own degeneracy of manners." What de lighted her most was, that " not one officer has been seen the least disguised with liquor since their arrival." So bad had the condition of affairs grown about the year 1750 that John Adams declared that several towns within his knowledge had " at least a dozen taverns and retailers." Suffolk County he asserted was worse than any other, and in Braintree within a circuit of three miles there were " eight public houses, besides one in the centre." Within three- quarters of a mile on the main road there were three taverns, besides retailers, or those who supplied the " neighborhood with necessary liquors in small quantities and at the cheapest rates." These houses, frequented as they were by a " tippling, nasty, vicious crew," had become " the nurseries of our legislators," for there were many who could " be in duced by flip and rum to vote for any man whatever." Aroused to the necessity of doing something to re strain this growing evil, the young village lawyer had an article looking to some reduction of the number of licensed houses inserted in the warrant for the May town-meeting of 1761. A full debate was had upon it and a vote passed, which is chiefly curious now as indicating what that condition of affairs was for which this measure was regarded as one of reform. The vote reads as follows : " Voted, That, although Licensed Houses, so far as they are couveniently situated, well accommodated, and under due Regu lation for the Relief and Entertainment of Travellers and Strangers, may be a useful Institution, yet there is Reason to apprehend that the present prevailing Depravity of Manners, through the Land in General, and in this Town in particular, and the shameful neglect of Religious and Civil Duties, so highly offensive in the sight of God, and injurious to the peace and Welfare of Society, are in a great measure owing to the unnecessary increase of Licensed Houses. " Voted, That for the future, there be no Persons in this Town Licensed for retailing spirituous Liquors, and that there be three persons only approbated by the Selectmen as Inn- holders, suitably situated, one in each Precinct. " Voted, That the Persons who are approbated as Innholders for the coming year, oblidge themselves by written Instru ments, under their Hands and Seals, to retail spirituous Liquors to the Town Inhabitants, as they shall have occasion therefor, at the same price by the Gallon or smaller Quantity, as the same are usually sold, by Retail, in the Town of Boston, and upon the performance of the above condition there be no Person or Persons approbated by the Selectmen as Retailers." It hardly needs to be said that these measures of reform produced no result. The Revolutionary 320 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. troubles then shortly ensued, and John Adams was called away to larger fields of usefulness. Long afterwards, referring to this experience, he wrote : " Fifty-three years ago I was fired with a zeal, amounting to enthusiasm, against ardent spirits, the multiplication of taverns, retailers, and dram-shops and tippling-house6. Grieved to the heart to see the number of idlers, thieves, sots, and consump tive patients made for the use of physicians, in those infamous seminaries, I applied to the Court of Sessions, procured a com mittee of inspection and inquiry, reduced the number of licensed houses, etc. But I only acquired the reputation of a hypocrite and an ambitious demagogue by it. The number of licensed houses was soon reinstated, drams, grog, and sotting were not diminished, and remain to this day as deplorable as ever. You may as well preach to the Indians against rum as to our people." When John Adams made his futile attempt at tem perance reform, and for seventy years thereafter, the town in which he lived was as respects intemperance no better and no worse than her sister towns. In every store in which West India goods were sold, and there were no others, behind the counter stood the casks of Jamaica and New England rum, of gin and brandy. Their contents were sold by the gallon, the bottle, or the glass. They were carried away, or drunk on the spot. It was a regular, recognized branch of trade ; and when during the Revolution Mrs. Adams sent a list of current prices to her husband she always in cluded rum, looking upon it as just as important a farm staple as meat, or corn, or molasses. Three shillings a gallon, or ninepence a quart was a high price ; and John Adams wrote back to her from Philadel phia, " Whisky is used here instead of rum, and I don't see but it is just as good." Rum or whisky for home and farm consumption were here spoken of; for among laboring men rum was served out as a regular ration, and during the early years of the present century a gallon of it a month was considered a fair allowance for each field hand. It was used especially during the haying season and at hog-killing ; for the latter it was mixed with molasses and known as " black-strap," while, com pounded for the former with cider, the result was called "stone-wall." Even as late as 1838 it was voted in Quincy town-meeting that " the paupers be allowed a temperate use of ardent spirits when they work on the road or farm." For consumption at home and on the farm, rum was bought from the retailers, and they thus constituted one distinct class of licensed sellers. The inn-holders were another class ; and upon the main street of the North Precinct, in its most thickly settled part, there were three taverns standing at convenient points. They were buildings of a type still not uncommon in the more remote and older New England towns. Two stories high, they faced the road, and before them was the hitching-rail ; while stables and covered standing. sheds stretched away on either side or to the rear. A piazza or gallery ran along the front, on which sat ib summer those who most frequented the house ; whilf in winter they gathered around the bar-room fires' The village topers were as much recognized charactej as the minister and the magistrate. They remainej so in Quincy down to the beginning of the railroad period. The children all knew them, nor as thej reeled through the streets did they attract more thil « passing glance. Prematurely old, they drank them] selves into their graves, and another generation of thj same sort succeeded them. At a later period great numbers of the more ener getic youth of the town went out to California anil the West, a portion of the New England migration. It was astonishing and lamentable to note the destruc tion then wrought by this inherited vice. Failure was the rule ; and in the majority of cases the failure was due to drink. In this matter it is easy to charge exaggeration, and neither the gravestone nor the reg istry bear witness to the facts. Those who remembel the old condition of affairs also are fast passing away. Yet any man of middle life who has talked of his townspeople and of their families with a Massachu setts man or woman born near the close of the last century, has been exceptionally placed if he has not heard the same old tale of lamentation. As the name of one after another is recalled, the words " He drank himself to death" seem so often repeated, that they sound at last not like the exception but the rule. It was certainly so with Braintree and Quincy. Where there is drunkenness there is vice and crime. It of course does not follow that in communities where there is no intemperance crime is unknown, The experience of all ages and many countries dem onstrates the falsity of this proposition ; but none the less the other proposition is true. In New England the enforced industry, the religious training, and the law-abiding habits of the people during the colonial period modified to some extent the evils of intemper ance. The New Englander was neither an Irishman nor an Indian ; and so he did not in his cups become; fighting drunk like the first, or sodden drunk like the last. The habits and traditions and inground tfain-i ing of a race assert themselves even through liquor. Consequently, a Donnybrook fair was in Yankee in ebriety as unknown a feature as a Mohawk war-dance. When they were sober the people were not quarrel some or lawless or shiftless ; and consequently when they were drunk they did not as a rule fight or ravish or murder. But that the earlier generations in Mas- m QUINCY. 321 sachusetts were either more law-abiding, or more self- restrained than the latter, is a proposition which accords neither with tradition nor with the reason of things. The habits of those days were simpler than those of the present ; they were also essentially grosser. The community was small ; and it hardly needs to be said that where the eyes of all are upon each, the general scrutiny is a safeguard to morals. It is in cities, not in villages, that laxity is to be looked for. Of course, it hardly needs to be said that in old Rraintree and early Quincy the thought of robbery or violence scarcely entered into the heads of the people. They did not require bolts to their doors nor bars to their windows ; neither, under similar circumstances, do they require them to-day. On the other hand, now and again, especially in the relations between the sexes, we get glimpses of incidents in the dim past which are as dark as they are suggestive. Some such are connected with Quincy, — incidents which for long years have caused houses to be looked upon as haunted, and have given to old and once honored names a weird-like, uncanny sound. The illegitimate child was more commonly met with in the last than in the present century, and bastardy cases furnished a class of business with which country lawyers seem to have been as familiar then as they are with liquor cases now. Nor was the physical health of the people what it has since become. People did not live so long. This is opposed to the common belief, because exceptional cases of old age in each family are always remem bered, while the average death is ignored. Some grandparent, uncle or aunt, who nearly completed a century, will cause a whole race to be reputed long- lived, though half those belonging to it died before forty. As might have been expected, the drinking habits of the last century generated a class of dis eases of their own, besides delirium tremens. Men broke down in middle life, dying of kidney and blad der troubles, or living with running sores which could not be closed. It is singular to find how common it was for fathers to die at an age between forty and fifty. Rheumatism was more prevalent then than now. A closer and more scientific observation has given new names to old ills, tracing them back to their sources ; but, referring to the frequent cases of Rright's disease brought to his notice during the latter part of his life, the last and shrewdest medical prac titioner in Quincy of the old, country-doctor school was wont to remark that he had known the new dis ease for fifty years, but they " used to call it dropsy, and the patients died." Not only were visitations of the smallpox periodical, but in 1735 the diphtheria raged fearfully, and again in 1751. Indeed, in this latter year more than a hundred and twenty died of it in the neighboring town of Weymouth out of a population of only twelve hundred. In 1761 an epidemic raged among the old people of Brain tree, carrying off seventeen in one neighborhood. In 1775, during the excitement of the siege of Boston, a chronic dysentery prevailed to such an extent that three, four, and even five children were lost in single families, and Mrs. John Adams, writing from amid the general distress, could only say, " The dread upon the minds of the people of catching the distemper is almost as great as if it were the small pox." Notwithstanding such facts as these, it ever has been, and probably always will be, the custom to look back upon the past as a simpler, a purer, and a better time than the present ; it seems more Arcadian and natural, sterner and stronger, less selfish and more heroic. As respects New England and Massachu setts, this idea is especially prevalent among those of the later generations, and, indeed, has been almost sedulously inculcated as an article of faith. The growing laxity of morals, the decay of public spirit, the vulgarity of manners and the general tendency of the age to deteriorate, have from the very beginning of New England been matters of common observation. Each generation has observed these symptoms with alarm ; and each generation has in turn held up its fathers and mothers before its children as models, the classic severity and homely, simple virtues of which they might well imitate, but could scarcely hope to equal. Those fathers and those mothers were not for days like these. Yet a careful study of the past reveals nothing more substantial than filial piety upon which to base this grateful fiction. The earlier times in New Eng land were not pleasant times in which to live; the earlier generations were not pleasant generations to live with. One accustomed to the variety, luxury, and refinement of modern life, if carried suddenly back into the admired existence of the past would, the moment his surprise and amusement had passed away, experience an acute and lasting attack of home sickness and disgust. The sense of loneliness incident to utter separation from the great outside world, the absence of those comforts of life which long habit has converted into its necessities, the stern conventionali ties and narrow modes of thought, the coarse, hard, monotonous existence of the old country town would, to one accustomed to the world of to-day, not only seem intolerable, but actually be so. He would find no newspapers, no mails, no travelers, few books, 322 HISTOBY OF NOBFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. and those to him wholly unreadable, Sunday the sole holiday, and the church, the tavern, and the village store the only places of resort. Last week's politics at home and last month's abroad, the weather, the crops, the births, the deaths, and the Sunday sermon would be the subjects of droning talk. Braintree had been settled more than a century and a half, and the town of Quincy had for three years been set off from it before a post-office was established in the North Precinct. That it was established here even then was probably due to the fact that John Adams was Vice-President. His brother-in-law was appointed postmaster. The postage on a letter from Quincy to Boston was then six cents ; to Springfield, it was ten ; to New York, fifteen. Before 1830 not a single copy of a daily paper found its way regularly to Quincy. As regards books the case was not much better. A library, in the sense in which the word is now used, was a thing unknown. Harvard College possessed one, it is true, and by 1830 the Boston Athenasum had reached a certain degree of growth ; but in Quincy, only after 1800 was there even a poor collection of ordinary standard books of the day, which, owned by a social club, were allowed sluggishly to circulate . among its members. After 1788, John Adams had a valuable private collection, which he subsequently left to the town ; but the works in it were little adapted for gen eral reading, and the restrictions put upon its use were such as made it available only to scholars. Had it been otherwise, it would have made no difference. Before 1830 the people of the town, as a whole, never having been accustomed to books and reading, did not really know what a library was or how to use it. Two generations of newspapers, railroads, and book stores were needed to convert the New Englanders of the interior into a really reading race. Going back to the earlier period, the Bible, and that alone, seems to have been found everywhere ; while in the houses of the gentry might be seen copies of Shakespeare and Milton, a few volumes of the classics, the " Spectator" and the " Tatler," the philosophical works of Locke and of Bolingbroke, a number of sermons and theological works now wholly forgotten, and, if the owner was a lawyer, a doctor or a minister, a few professional books. As a youn°- man, on a Sunday, John Adams, in the old house at the foot of Penn's Hill, read Baxter's " Enquiry into the Nature of the Human Soul," and, for amusement, " Ovid's ' Art of Love' to Mrs. Savil." The sensations of John Adams when he came back to this vegetating existence after having for thirty years been part of great events have already been alluded to. He longed to hibernate as a dormouse. Yet he at least knew what he went back to, and ex- pected nothing else. It would be otherwise with a visitor bred to modern usages. In his case an illu sion would be dispelled. If his experience chanced to fall on a Sabbath, he would pass a day of veritable torture. . Were the period during the last century in order to escape the tedium of the dwelling, if for no other reason, he would be forced to spend weary hours in a building scarcely as weather-proof and far less comfortable than a modern barn, in which the only suggestion of warmth was in that promise of an hereafter which was wont to emanate from the ortho dox pulpit. The remaining hours of the dreary day he would pass seated in a wooden, straight- backed chair, roasting one-half of his person before a fire of blazing wood, while the other half shivered under the weight of an overcoat. In his bedroom he would find no water for washing ; for if exposed overnight, it would be solid ice in the morning. If among personal virtues cleanliness be indeed that which ranks closest to godliness, then, judged by nineteenth century standards, it is well that those who lived in the eighteenth century had a sufficiency of the latter quality to make good what they lacked of the former. Prior to 1830 there certainly was not a bath-room in the town of Quincy, and it is very questionable whether there was any utensil then made for bathing the person larger than a crockery hand- bowl. The bath-room is a very modern institution; nor was the ordinary laundry wash-tub, of which it is an outgrowth, by any means in family requisition each Saturday night. In 1650 it is recorded that those dwelling in certain portions of the British Isles did " not wash their linen above once a month, nor their hands and faces above once a year." As compared with these the New Englander was cleanly, but even his ewers and basins were strictly in keeping with a limited water supply. When the temperature of a bedroom ranges far below the freezing-point, there is small inducement for the person who has slept therein to waste any unnecessary time in washing or dressing. So when Monday morning came, the visitor of the good old days would huddle on his clothes and go down, blue and shivering with cold, to the sitting- and breakfast- room, in which he would find a table spread with a sufficiency of food, neither well cooked nor well served. The salted meat and heavy bread made of Indian meal and rye he would wash down with draughts of milk or hard cider, though in a few houses tea might be offered him. All day he would look in vain for a newspaper, or a letter, or even a distant echo from the outside world. Weary with the QUINCY. 323 monotony of in-door life, the visitor might wander forth and watch for a time the hands on the farm as they hauled and split wood, husked corn, or tended the stock. Then he would find his way through the village. On the bare and dreary road he would meet only an occasional chaise or traveler on horseback, and an ox-cart or two loaded with cordwood or pro duce ; a few children might be on their way to or from the half-warmed school-house in which they huddled together on the long, hard benches, shivering for hours. Coming at last to the tavern, and driven into it in search of warmth and comfort, he would understand at a glance why the New Englander was intemperate. There, gathered around the great fire in the bar-room, would be a half-dozen or more rough, sinewy Yankees smoking their pipes, drinking flip, and talking politics. The room might be dirty, the language coarse, the air foul with tobacco, and scenes of drunkenness might occur, but here was an escape from tedium, and a natural craving for society and excitement was gratified. It was the one form of sociability open to the average New Englander through the long, comfortless winter hours of en forced idleness. With the tavern the circle would be complete, un less the stranger also stopped at the village store. There again he would find the occupationless lounger seated on the stools or leaning against the counter; and there also rum would be on sale, drawn by the glass or by the bottle from the barrels on tap at the rear of the room. The resources of the town would now be exhausted. It would only remain to return to the point of commencement, and, seated in the wooden chair, resume " Baxter on the Soul" or the " Tatler," or " Paradise Lost," before the great wood fire. And so it went on as generation followed genera tion across the little stage. No change came ; nor was change either expected or desired. To use Burke's supremely happy phrase, it was the existence of a people " still, as it were, in the gristle, and not yet hardened into the bone." CHAPTER XXIX. QUINCY— (Continued). THE NORTH PRECINCT ANNALS. As generally understood, the political record of an old New England town is the narrative of the connec tion of that town with the great current of external events. Yet, when so treated, it cannot but lose in great degree both its individuality and its significance. The events of large historical moment which have oc curred within the limits of any town are necessarily few, and those few belong to general history. In most eases they are already familiar, and to go over them in a purely local connection is but to repeat a story which has been sufficiently told. This is not the function of the town historian. His function is to develop, in so far as he can, whatever of individ uality there may have been in a particular unit of a remarkable system. Having a general family resem blance, just as the individuals composing a commun ity resemble each other generally, each of the Massa chusetts towns in the early days had also characteris tics and peculiarities of its own. In making a portrait of the individual, the attempt of the artist should be to impress on his canvas the traits peculiar to that in dividual, — not those which he had in common with all his neighbors. So in dealing with the New Eng land town, its historian should cut loose as far as pos sible from the general current of political events, and labor to bring into prominence that which made the town as a unit not altogether like its fellow units. That which lends an especial interest to these towns was the complete freedom of their growth from all paternal or fostering care. For them there was no prophet, no chief, no lord, no bishop, no king. Those dwelling in them were all plain people. As such, they were neither guided nor protected from above. They stood on their own legs, such as they were ; and there was no one to hold them up. Ac cordingly, each town as an organized political body worked out its problems in its own way. Neither were those problems simple. On the contrary, it has already been seen that in the course of the first hundred and ninety years of muncipal life Braintree and Quincy had to deal in a practical way with almost every one of those questions which are wont to perplex statesmen. Religious' heresies, land-titles, internal improvements and means of communication ; education, temperance, pauperism, and the care of the insane ; public lands, currency, taxation, and municipal debt, — all these presented themselves, and the people assembled in town-meeting had to, and did, in some fashion work out a solution of them. Nor, being wholly unaided, did they fail to do so. There was fortunately no inspiration in New England, nor did any saviours of society appear. It is needless to say that the solutions worked out were often rough, and superficial, and wrong. None the less they were the best of which those people were capable, and so best for them. They were working out their destiny in their own way, and paying for their experience as they 324 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. went along. Their so doing marked an epoch in his tory. It is in the towns and town records of Massachu setts, therefore, that the historical unit of America is to be sought. The political philosopher can there study the slow development of a system as it grew from the germ up. The details are trivial, monoto nous, and not easy to clothe with interest. Yet the volumes which contain them are the most precious of archives. Upon their tattered pages, yellow with age, the hardly legible letters of the ill-spelled words are written in ink grown pale with age, but they are all we have left to tell us of the first stages of a politi cal growth which has since ripened into the dominant influence of the new world. Nor is it too much to imagine that when the idea of full human self-gov ernment, first slowly hammered into practical shape in the New England towns, and as yet far from per fected, shall have permeated the civilized world and assumed final shape, then these town records will be accepted as second in historical importance to no other form of archives. The first page of the first town book of Braintree bears the date of 1640. It is only legible in part, for, as was naturally to be expected, it is worn and mutilated by rough handling through two hundred and fifty years. Yet there is a singular fitness in the opening heading. It is in these words, "The Schoole Land." Then follows the memorandum of a conveyance that year made, under which a portion of the tract origi nally allotted at " the Mount" to William Coddington passed into the hands of the town as common lands, and was by it devoted to be the support of a school. The first recorded act of Braintree, therefore, was to make a provision for common-school teaching ; nor is the fact already alluded to unworthy of second men tion, that the land thus set apart has even to the pres ent time paid an annual rent for the purposes to which it was then dedicated. The second entry, made in the following year, is for the encouragement and pro tection of home enterprise. A monopoly in grinding corn is secured to Richard Wright so long as the mill he had built remains in the hands of him and his heirs, " unlesss it evidently appear that the said mill will not serve the plantation, and that he or they will not build another in convenient time." The site of this mill, and the stones which went into its founda tion walls, are still pointed out. Next a right of way is recorded. Then follows a provision setting a pre cedent for all that legislation against aliens coming in to the land which has from time to time found a place upon the American statute book. This has been already referred to. Strangers are forbidden to build house or cottage " within the libertys'^ of Rraintree without the consent of those " chosen to dispose of the towne's affairs ;" and a heavy money penalty is imposed on every sale of lands to any except " such as the townsmen shall approve on." Next, though an interval of more than two months intervenes between it and the last order, is a regulation which foreshadows all future municipal ordinances in relation to fire de partments ; every house-owner is ordered " to have a ladder to stand up against his Chimney" as a security against fire. But it has already been mentioned that in the earliest colonial period town-meetings in the modern sense of the word were not regularly held, and no record was made of the action taken by the selectmen, who seem to have been agreed on in some informal way. Acknowledgments, transfers of land, and per mits to take stone and timber from the commons were entered of record in the town book ; and yet a dozen pages of it were not filled in as many years. The machinery of government was organized slowly, and only under the pressure of actual need. Nothing was done that did not have to be done. But at last, in March, 1673, when the town was already a third of a century old, it was voted that thenceforth on the first Tuesday of March and the last Tuesday of October there should be general meetings of " the whole inhabitants" to make choice of their town officers and to agree upon all things that might con cern the common welfare. Even then, for twenty years more, no record of these meetings was kept, nor were the names of the town officers entered in the book. Their election seems to have been held matter of common knowledge, and they met at each other's houses. This continued to be the case until after the Revolution of 1688, during which Rrain tree heartily sympathized in the movement which overthrew Andros. It was in 1 693 that the list of town officers first appears, and from this time for ward the machinery of town government was com plete. The officers chosen were five selectmen, a town clerk and a commissioner, two constables, five tithingmen, and eight viewers of fences. The next year surveyors of highways and field-viewers were also chosen, and the first specific appropriation was made. It amounted to £9 13s. in colonial money, the pound being $3.33, and it is instructive in its details. It reads as follows : "five pounds to John Belcher's widow's maintenance, ana thirty shilings to Thomas Revill for keeping William Dimble- bee, and twenty-five shilings for the ringing of the bel and sweping the meeting -hous in the year 1694, and eight shilings fof mending the pound, seven shilings to William Savill for dimblebe's cofin, and eight shilings to constables for warning QUINCY. 325 the Town, and five shilings for the exchang of a Town cow to Samuel Speer, and ten shilings to Thomas Bas for dept for ringing the bell formerly, this to be raised by rate." In a general sketch such as the present it would not be profitable to enter into the petty details of legislation through monotonous years. They repeated each other. Regular votes were passed in relation to the church, the commons, the school ; and at times the dissent of certain freemen from the action had was noted. One Samuel Tompson especially seems to have opposed all outlays of an educational character. Cer tain large issues always loomed up as the engrossing questions of the time, upon the solution of which the common mind was fixed. Now it would be the matter of title and determined resistance to the pre tensions of Boston land claimants ; then the division of the town into precincts would force itself to the front. The village theatre of 1700 was in fact ex actly like the national theatre of 1850, excepting only that it was not so large. As the tariff and bank issues in the latter were succeeded by the dis union issue, so in the former the question of title was followed by the demand for parochial division. The title question has already been sufficiently referred to, but a few words more may be given to the division of the town into precincts as illustrating the methods of the time. It has already been stated that the freemen of the two sections were so wrought up over this issue that they by no means abstained from angry words, and almost came to blows. For a time the battle raged over the amount of the minister's salary. Then an overt act was resolved upon, and the frame of a new meeting-house was raised. Finally a joint committee of eight, four being selected from each of the two precincts, was sent to " discourse with Mr. Fiske one with another, and bring report to the town whether there can be any proposals made that may and shall be complied with on either side that may be for the peace and satisfaction of both parts of the town." It was a committee of representative men, for Edmund Quincy served upon it, and it went on an errand of peace ; but, as registered, it has now a war like ring. Upon it were a lieutenant-colonel, two cap tains, one cornet, two sergeants, besides " Lieut. Deacon Savel." One only bore no military designation, plain "John Ruggles, senior." This was in March, 1708. Apparently the committee did not " discourse" in vain, or perhaps the Rev. Mr. Fiske proved a suc cessful peacemaker ; for steps were soon taken towards effecting a peaceful division. By December matters had been so far advanced that a special town-meeting was called, as the warrant ran, " then and there to consult and consider about, and if possible to fix upon a suitable and reasonable line of division, distinction, or limitation. . . . That said line be lovingly agreed upon and settled (if it may be)." Edmund Quincy was chosen moderator, and then ensued an angry and exciting debate, for the record reads that " after the warrants were read there were some immediately that did declare against the dividing of the town, and that they did refuse to Joyne with said Inhabitants in that affair, and requested that it might be entered with their names in the Town Book." The names were then recorded ; and it is a significant fact that three at least of those names belonged to persons then active in organizing the Episcopal church. They ap parently desired no settlement of religious disputes which did not cover their own case. But the division of the town into separate parishes was none the less effected, and this absorbing issue was disposed of. Town government was now thoroughly organized in Braintree ; and, for purpose of illustration, the record of a single year will not be uninstructive. Take, for instance, that of 1710-11. During those twelve months, from March to March, three town- meetings were held, one in March, one in May, and one in November. At the March meeting town offi cers were chosen, and a special committee was ap pointed " to go and search the records at Boston with reference to the grant of the six thousand acres of land by the General Court to the town of Braintree." Twenty shillings were also voted to Joseph Bass as a suitable compensation for two years' service as town treasurer. At the May meeting the delegate to the General Court was chosen, and also a sealer of leather. At the November meeting a levy of thirty pounds was ordered to defray the town charges for the current year. Provision was then made for the increase of the town herds, and an appropriation of six pounds was made therefor. The schoolmaster, " Mr. Adams," was then " impowered to demand a Load of wood of each boy that comes to school this winter." From this impost it will be noticed that girls were ex empted. It was then further voted that " twelve pounds be raised for John Penniman, of Swansey, provided that the Town be forever cleared of him." Finally, a further order was passed by the North Precinct freeholders that Mr. William Bawson should have " liberty to build a Pew for himselfe and Family where the three short seats of the women's be, and so to joyn home to the foreseat of the women's in the old Meeting-house at the southwest end." To this same Mr. Bawson, it may be added, there had ten years before been conceded " the privilege of making a seat for his family between or upon the two beams over the pulpit, not darkening the pulpit." 326 HISTOBY OF NOBFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. It is a noticeable fact that there is no trace what ever of the Indian wars to be found in the Braintree records. The entries just referred to were of the year 1710. The Indian wars were then over, and the questions which occupied the public mind were those usual to periods of peace. It does not need to be said that Braintree could not have escaped its share of the burdens of that severest New England trial when, and when only in its whole history, the enemy was at almost every door. The long struggle with the French was carried on at a distance. So far as Massachusetts was concerned, it entailed heavy drafts for men and money ; but no camp-fire smoke was seen or hostile shot heard within the colony's limits. The forays of the Revolution were limited to the coast and one short march to Concord. The war of 1812 caused for Massachusetts nothing more than needless alarms along the sea-coast. The war of the Rebellion was fought at a distance. Not so the In dian wars. The struggle then, where it was not actually over the hearthstone, was at the threshold. Braintree was one of the more fortunate towns. Though a few wretched Indians lingered within its limits down even to the middle of the next century, the great plague of 1616 had within Braintree limits done its work thoroughly. Bum and smallpox fin ished the little it had left. Accordingly, Braintree was never called upon, even in King Philip's war, for anything more than men and money. The first draft of this kind was in August, 1645. A war with Passacus and the Narragansetts was then threatening, and Maj. -Gen. Gibbons, he who had been a companion of Morton's at the Mount Wollas ton of the old Maypole days, was sent out in com mand of a force of two hundred men. Braintree, Weymouth, and Dorchester were ordered to furnish three horses, with saddles and bridles, " to be at Boston by seven o'clock in the morning, the 18th of this 6th month," to accompany Gen. Gibbons ; and it was Mr. Tompson, of the Braintree church, who was selected " to sound the silver trumpet along with his army." Among the commissary stores of this ex pedition, — " Bread, tenn thousand ; beif, six hogs heads ; fish, tenn kintalls," etc., — "strong water, one hogshead ; wine at your pleasure ; beere, one tunn.'' These preparations proved too much for the savages. They succumbed before a blow was struck. Again in 1653, the commissioners of the confed eracy of New England colonies " conceived them selves called by God to make a present war against Ninigret, the Niantic sachem," and the next year it fell to Massachusetts to raise one hundred and eighty- three soldiers, foot and horse, to go forth in that cause. Braintree's quota was four men. Simon Willard, of Concord, was in command, and he mustered his force at Dedham on the 9th of October 1655, and led it off through Providence to the shores of Long Island Sound. In fifteen days he was back at Dedham, having accomplished a military prome nade. Twenty years later came King Philip's war, and Braintree is said now to have received a scratch from the wildcat's claw. An insignificant Indian raid occurred, and four persons were killed, — " three men and a woman. The woman they carried about six or seven miles, and then killed her and hung her up in an unseemly and barbarous manner by the wayside leading from Braintree to Bridgewater." In conse quence of the alarm occasioned by this raid a sort of frontier post was established on the Bridgewater road, and Bichard Thayer, who had been " impressed" as one of the Braintree contingent, was put in charge of it. This individual has already been mentioned as a claimant of Braintree lands under an alleged Indian grant. It has also been stated that as a military commander Bichard Thayer seems to have been in strumental in spreading many false alarms. He claimed the credit of capturing one John Indian, who was " so feeble and weake that he came creeping under the fences, and not able for any action, being without arms." But his participation in this last exploit was by others denied. Nevertheless he after wards brought in that bill for services and disburse ments at this time, amounting to thirteen pounds, which has already been mentioned, and which the " Military Committee of Braintree" disallowed. In 1675 the town was called upon to furnish nineteen men for active duty, seven of them mounted. These figures now have an inconsiderable sound, and con vey but a slight idea of the stress of war. Yet a call for nineteen men was to Braintree of 1675, with its eighty families, as heavy a draft as a call for 325 men from Quincy in the Rebellion of two centuries later. The largest number who went out from the town in any one year of that Rebellion was 304 in 1861. In 1690 came the French war, and Braintree was called upon to furnish thirteen men for the ill-fated Quebec expedition under Sir William Phipps. The fate of these men was hard. The town records tell it in a way not to be improved upon : "The 9th of August there went soldiers to Canada, in the year 1690, and the smallpox was abord, and they died six of it; four thrown overboard at Cape Ann, Corporal John Parmenter, Isaak Thayer, Ephraim Copeland and Ebenezer Owen, they; and Samuel Bas and John Cheny was thrown overboard at Nantaskett." QUINCY. 327 Two more of the thirteen, making eight in all, died shortly after reaching home. Yet, according to the Rev. Cotton Mather, " during the absence of the forces the wheels of prayer in New England had been continually going round." From the beginning this expedition had not been popular in Braintree. The young men had refused to be impressed, and Col. Edmund Quincy, on whom had fallen the duty of supplying the contingent called for, had been forced to write to old Governor Bradstreet, then the head of the provisional government, that there were among those impressed in Braintree " but two or three who will go. I can do no more, without there be some sent for, and made example to the rest. To behold such a spirit is of an awful consideration." The French and Indian war was followed by a long period of quiet ; and after the division of the Brain tree church had been effected there was little for the town to agitate itself over. Accordingly for many years the records contain not much that is noticeable. The town organization, so far as offices were concerned, was complete after 1700, arid an amount was annually appropriated to meet necessary expenses. This sum steadily increased, though its increase was caused probably as much by the fluctuating value of colonial paper money as by the needs of a wealthier commun ity. In 1701 , for instance, the rate was forty pounds ; about 1725 it averaged year by year over ninety pounds; in 1750 it was in the neighborhood of one hundred and sixty pounds ; and when the Revolution ary troubles began it had grown to two hundred and fifty pounds. The minister's salary was not in cluded in any of these levies, as after an early period the precinct rate was kept separate from the town rate. Townways were now laid out more frequently. The old coast road of 1639 was still the sole land route to Boston, but in February, 1715,-" a Town Driftway (not to by open) one rod and halfe wide" was laid through Col. Edmund Quincy's farm, on the line of what nearly a century later became the direct turnpike road across the Neponset. This action of the selectmen, though requested by Col. Quincy, seems to have led to a question between him and the town. He was then the leading inhabitant of Braintree, serving as delegate to the General Court, acting as moderator of the town-meetings, and referred to in the records as the Hon. Col. Edmund Quincy, Esq. He now made a claim against the town, and at a meet ing held on the 23d of March, 1719, it was "pro pounded by the moderator whether the town would choose a committee to treat" with him as to compen sation for any damage he might have sustained on account of the way laid out through his lands. The motion was rejected. The warrant for the next town- meeting contained an article for the townsmen " to consider of, debate upon and agree about an answer to the petition of Edmund Quincy, Esq.," relating to a driftway through his land. And now a committee was appointed. Six months later, at a meeting held on the 28th December, Col. Quincy was chosen moderator, and this committee made its report. It was brief, but significant. They " were of opinion That the Becords on the Town's Book Relating to an high way or Town driftway through the Lands of the said Quincy, etc., as may appear on Record baring Date February the 15th, 1714-15 be erased, made void, and be as tho' it had never been. And it was then voted that the report of said Committee should be accepted with the Town." Subsequently, March 17, 1731, this way was regularly laid out and accepted. Other questions, which through this period contin ually occupied the attention of the town in a mild way, related to the six thousand acre grant, the unau thorized taking of stone from the commons, the growth of the timber upon them, a political division of the town, and, above all, the obstruction eaused to the passage of alewives up into the Braintree ponds by the dam in the Monatiquot at the old iron-works. The freemen seem never to have been able to agree as to what should be done with the land grant, so they wrangled and debated over it, never reaching any definite conclusion. It was their land question of the day ; but, like most such questions, it is devoid of in terest now. As respects the stone on the commons, there is an entry in the record of a special town- meeting held to consider the subject, on the 30th De cember, 1728, which is characteristic, and has in it a touch almost of humor. The meeting came together and chose a moderator. The record then proceeds as follows : "After which they proceeded to act upon the first article or clause in the warrant, and after sundry votes were passed Pre liminary or Introductory to an order or by-law concerning the stones, which seemed by those votes to be the thing designed, a vote for confirmation of what had passed was called for ; but it passed in the negative, and so the whole affair was brought to a nonpluss. The other articles in the warrant were discoursed on but no vote passed thereon. After which some persons declar ing their judgment that it was improper or at least unneces sary to Record the votes that had passed, seeing the things could not be effected ; a vote was asked whether the votes that had passed should be put on record, and it passed in the nega tive." One Capt. Peter Adams had acted as moderator of this meeting in the absence of Major John Quincy, and it is apparent that he had not proved equal to the position. At the next town-meeting, held a month later, the question of dividing the town was brought 328 HISTORY OF NOBFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. up. It was voted to appoint a committee of eight to consider the subject, and to report at an adjourned meeting. Of this committee Major John Quincy was chairman, and upon it were several other prominent men. They presented their report on the 25th February following. It was unanimous and consisted of eight articles, looking apparently towards the pro posed division. The reception it received was, con sidering the names that were attached to it, quite singular. The townsmen had evidently come to the meeting prepared to take the matter into their own hands. The report having been read before the meeting, the record proceeds as follows : "After which, upon a, motion made, the question was put whether the agreement of the committee should be voted arti cle by article, and it passed in the negative. "The question was then put whether all the articles thereof should be voted upon at once ; it passed again in the negative. " The question was then again put whether they would ac cept of the Report of the said Committee. It passed again in the negative. "After this, upon a motion made, the Question was put whether they would Reconsider their last vote, viz., of non- acceptance, and it was voted in the affirmative. " Then again the Question was put whether they would accept of the Report of the Committee, and it passed in the negative. " Upon which, the meeting was dismissed." At another town-meeting held in the following May the report was again brought up, and the ques tion was put whether the town would reconsider its former action ; and again it passed in the negative. It is almost needless to add that nothing more was heard on the subject of dividing the town. The people had emphatically shown that they were not ready for it, and the leaders, who seem to have worked the plan up, were obliged to abandon it. It was more than sixty years before the project was revived in a practical form. In 1730 the warrant contained an article to see whether the town would " comply with a motion or desire of the House of Represent atives (Recommended to all such as have a Regard to New England's welfare) to raise money for the supply of Francis Wilks and Jonathan Belcher, Esqrs., agents for the said house in the Court of Great Britain ; to enable them to sollicite the affair and perpetuate the peace and tranquility of this country and prevent the mischief that is likely to ensue on the want thereof." The action of the town upon this matter showed that the leaders of public opinion had not lost their heads. The article was " discoursed upon and the meeting being sensible that they could not (as a town) Raise money upon that Head the thing was Dismissed and the Inhabitants left to subscribe as they pleased." Col. John Quincy at this time became Speaker of the provincial House of Representatives, which was engaged in its long and tedious dispute with Governor Belcher over its right to audit public charges before money which had been appropriated should be paid out of the treasury. That Braintree fully sympathized in the stand taken by the representatives on this sub ject became manifest the following year, when the advice and direction of the several towns to their members was desired. At a special town-meeting held on the 27th of September, 1731, it was " Then Voted, that the thanks of this meeting be Returned to the honorable House of Representatives for their faithful service in asserting and defending the Just Liberties of this Province (as we esteem they have hither done and which we highly approve) and Desire that they would continue strenu ously to endeavour the maintaining and defending the same." But the matter which alone during this period seems to have stirred the town to its lowest depths was a controversy with Mr. Thomas Vinton, who in 1720 had purchased the land on which the Monato- quit Iron-works stood. The attempt to manufacture iron there had some time before been finally abandoned as unprofitable. The dam which fur nished water-power was still standing, and it seems now to have obstructed for no sufficient cause the passage of fish up the river during the spawning season. At the May town-meeting of 1736 the sub ject was brought up, and, after a warm debate, a com mittee was appointed to treat with Mr. Vinton for the surrender of his rights in the river. At a special meeting called a month later to receive the report of this committee, its chairman, Lieut. Joseph Crosby, stated verbally "That they had been with Mr. Thomas Vinton and had asked of him on what terms he would quit his Claim to the River aforesaid; To which (they said) he made no answer. And Mr. Vinton being present at the meeting the moderator [Benjanfin Neal] put the Question to him whether he would part with his Right in the River. To which he made answer that he would not sell his Right therein on any teams what ever. The moderator then put the Question to the meeting whether they would defend their Rights in said River against the claims of all persons whatsoever. It passed in the affirm ative; against which John Hunt entered dissent. Then the Question was put whether they would raise money to defray the charge that may arise in defending their Rights. It passed in the affirmative; against which Ensign John Hunt and Benjamin Ludden dissented. " Then voted that One Hundred Pounds shall be assessed on the Town (if need be) to defray the charge of defending their Rights abovesaid. "Then the Question was put whether they would cbuse a Committee to Take care that the River be kept clear of all obstructions to the passage of the Fish and to prosecute in the Law all such as shall hinder or obstruot their passage in said River. It passed in the affirmative." QUINCY. 329 The committee now appointed was especially au thorized to submit the whole matter in dispute to a reference of "indifferent men," if Vinton would con sent to so doing. He would come to no terms ; and apparently the committee was afraid to do anything, In any event, their action certainly was not energetic enough to meet the views of the townsmen, and another meeting was held on the 23d of August. A vote was then passed that " all such things as obstruct the Passage in Monaticut in any part thereof be re moved." It was further voted not to continue the former committee, nor to add to it other " meet per sons," but a wholly new committee was chosen, at the head of which was " The Honble. Leonard Vassal, Esq." This committee appears to have had recourse at once to high-handed measures. They pulled the dam down. In consequence of this action another meeting was held on the 14th of September, at which Mr. Benjamin Neal, a member of the committee, was chosen moderator. It was then voted that the com mittee should be empowered to defend all individuals against any action which Mr. Vinton might bring, " excepting any charg Mr. Vinton shall or may re cover of any person or persons by making out a Riot." Three weeks later still another special meeting was called, and a vote was passed offering Vinton three hundred pounds in bills of credit if he would quit claim to the town all his right in the river, and dis continue legal proceedings against those who had been concerned in the pulling down of the dam. " Mr. Vinton being present, declared his acceptance of the Town's offer, and promised to comply with their de mands concerning a Deed of his Right in said River." It was then voted that, after the committee had done what they should see cause to do about clearing the river, Mr. Vinton should be at "liberty" to take away the remainder of the stuff at any time at his leisure. Yet another meeting was held before this matter was fully disposed of. There seems to have been a strong feeling that the town had dealt too liberally with Vinton. Accordingly, the meeting had hardly come to order and chosen its moderator when "Peter Marquand appeared and declared that he had no warning to the meeting, and therefore desired his desent might be entered against the meeting and all that might be therein transacted." Nevertheless, the town proceeded to tax itself to the amount of the three hundred pounds which it had agreed to pay Mr. Vinton. But its action did not pass without a strong protest from the minority. No less than twenty-four persons insisted upon having their names recorded in opposition. Not content with thus removing obstacles in the way of the passage of fish, the town a few years later tried its hand at the artificial development of an infant in dustry, thus foreshadowing the national protective policy of a century later. At the March meeting of 1755 a formal vote was passed for the encouragement of the '' Bank Codfishery to be sett up and carried on within this town." Those concerned in this business, whether inhabitants of Braintree or elsewhere, were to have their poll-taxes remitted to them for the space of three years. A proviso was added that all such persons from other places should be subject to the approval of the selectmen ; and, if not approved by them, might be " warned out of Town according to Law." Fortunately for the town, the bounty thus offered does not seem to have been sufficient to build up an artificial industry. Accordingly, as the years went by, the people were not drawn on from point to point in the singular process of taxing profitable indus try to keep alive some industry which is not profitable. In the record for the year 1757 there is a passage which shows in a curious way how thoroughly the parliamentary system had become a part of political habit. In the rough town-meeting they evinced as much respect for precedent as was shown at West minster. They had their customs, with all the force of law. The question was on the election of select men. The record is as follows : " The votes being called for, brot in and examined, it appeared that Col. Josiah Quincy, Mr. Jonathan Allen, Mr. Benjamin Porter were chosen by a majority of votes. Capt. Richard Brackett and Copt. Eben Thayer, Junr., were chosen according to the usual custom of said Town as having more votes than any others, and were Declared Selectmen by the Moderator according to the custom of said Town. Upon which and much Dispute Respecting the Legality of the aforesaid choice, Messrs. William Penniman, Samuel Bass, Peter Adams, Jonathan Raw- son, Ebenezer Adams, John Adams, John Hunt, Samuel Bass, Junr., Josiah Capen, and John Clark entered their Dissent against the proceedings of the said meeting. After much De bate Respecting the Legality of Capt. Brackett and Capt. Thayer's choice as selectmen, the Question was put by the Modr. whether the Town would then confirm said choice. Voted and passed in the affirmative." The last struggle with the French and Indians was at this time already two years old. Braddock had been defeated before Fort Duquesne in July, 1755, and in May, 1756, war between Great Britain and France had been formally declared. Pitt was in office. The massacre at Fort George occurred in 1757 ; in 1758 Cape Breton was captured by the Eng lish, and on the 17th of September, 1759, Wolfe and Montcalm both fell on the Heights of Abraham. The next year the conquest of Canada by the English was complete. John Adams was then a young man, keep- 330 HISTOBY OF NOBFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. ing school at Worcester. He describes how Amherst with his little army of four thousand men passed through the town on his way from Louisburg to Crown Point. " The officers were very social, spent their evenings and took their suppers with such of the inhabitants as were able to invite them, and entertained us with their music and their dances. Many of them were Scotchmen in their plaids, and their music was delightful ; even the bag-pipe was not disagreeable." Then came the siege of Fort William Henry, during which almost every day couriers came down from the frontier bearing earnest appeals for men and supplies. While the colony thus resounded with warlike preparations, Braintree pursued the absolutely even tenor of its ancient ways. In the records of the town there is no trace of these great events. The usual town-meetings were held, but even less than the usual interest attached to them. Questions of commons and ways were discussed, fines were imposed or remitted, schools were provided for, and from £60 to £150 was annually ordered to be levied to meet the current ex penses of the town. But of the stress of war in the form of calls for men, supplies, and money there is no indication. Yet these must have come and been felt, and that severely. A partial examination of the provincial muster-rolls has shown that between 1756 and 1760 more than two hundred Braintree men did military service. Some were impressed ; the greater number volunteered. Twenty-eight took part in the unfortunate Crown Point expedition of 1756, serving during that season only. Hutchinson says that " when the main body of the enemy went back to Canada, the provincial array broke up and returned to the government in which it had been raised. Many had deserted and more had died while they lay encamped. Many died upon the road, and many died of the camp distemper after they were at home." Upon the rolls Joseph Blanchard, of Braintree, ap pears as a deserter. The next year the capitulation of Fort William Henry spread a panic all through New England. Those living west of the Connecticut were ordered to destroy their wheel carriages and to drive in their cattle. The authorities hoped to hold the line of the river. Nearly the whole military force of the colony was called to arms. From Braintree, Capt. Peter Thayer's company was marched as far as Boxbury. They lay there in camp for some days, and then, the alarm having subsided, returned home. Some seven or eight Braintree men are known to have been in the garrison at Fort William Henry at the time of the surrender. The next year, in response to the strong, personal appeal of Pitt, Massachusetts put forth what she then supposed to be her utmost efforts. A levy of seven thousand men was ordered. Forty-five hundred only could be raised by voluntary enlistment, and the re mainder had to be drafted. They composed part of the force which operated against Ticonderoo-a and at their head Lord Howe was killed. Amon°- them were at least thirty men from Braintree ; and durin" the same season twelve more enlisted on the ship of war " King George." The next year (1759) witnessed the fall of Quebec, and brought the war to a practical close. While Wolfe, with his regulars, moved against Quebec, the provincial levies relieved the garrisons of Nova Scotia. To this force Braintree contributed a quota of some forty men, while more took part in the operations under Amherst which resulted in the fall of Ticonderoga and Crown Point. The terms of enlistment during this war were short, and the name of the same man often appears more than once on the rolls. But during these threeyears it is probably safe to say that Braintree furnished, apart from the promenade of Capt. Thayer's com pany in August, 1757, one hundred different men for actual service. The population of the town was then about two thousand, of whom some five hundred were males above sixteen. From this it would appear that at least one man in each three capable of bearing arms was put into the field. With the close of the French war a new generation came on the Braintree stage. The last recorded ap pearance of John Quincy at the town- meetings wasin September, 1758. The rebuff he then met with at the hands of his fellow-townsmen has already been noticed. Deacon John Adams, though a selectman in 1758, was not again chosen to that office, and he died two years later. But this year, though his name does not appear on the records, the younger John Adams has asserted that he was chosen surveyor of highways. From this time forward his presence in the town made itself most distinctly felt. Upon the smaller stage it was just as it was on the larger one a little later. The active, inquiring mind was at work impelled by all the nervous energy of youth. Ac cordingly, in the town-meeting of May, 1761, we find him engaged in his crusade against intemperance, persuading the town to regulate its licensed houses and restrict their number. Then in 1765 he induced it to abandon the old system of repairing highways, and to do it by means of a tax. A committee, of which he was a member, made a report outlining the new system. The old question about the commons is still undecided, and comes up in dreary shape before each succeeding town-meeting. A few years QUINCY. 331 later he takes hold of it, and then at last the matter is disposed of. An apparently interminable discus sion is brought to an end, and all the commons are sold. Meanwhile a new set of questions begins to loom up. The report in favor of selling the north commons was presented at the town-meeting of April 1, 1765, just ten days before Parliament passed the Stamp Act. When the news reached New England it caused pro digious excitement everywhere. In Braintree John Adams took the matter up at once. He says, — " I drew up a petition to the selectmen of Braintree, and procured it to be signed by a number of the respectable inhabi tants, to call a meeting of the town to instruct their representa tive in relation to the stamps." The town met in the Middle Precinct meeting house on the 24th of September. Norton Quincy was chosen moderator. Mr. Adams then iroes on, — " I prepared a draught of instructions at home and carried them with me. The cause of the meeting was explained at some length, and the state and danger of the country pointed out ; a committee was appointed to prepare instructions, of which I was nominated as one. We retired to Mr. Niles' house; my draught Was produced, and unanimously adopted without amendment, reported to the town, and accepted without a dissenting voice. These were published in Draper's paper, as that printer first ap plied to me for a copy. They were decided and spirited enough. They rang through the State and were adopted in so many words, as I was informed by the representatives of that year, by forty towns, as instructions to their representatives." These instructions were printed in the Boston Ga zette of October 14, 1765, and in comparing them with some of an opposite nature coming at the same time from the town of Marblehead, a correspondent of the Evening Post picked out at the time one para graph as " worthy to be wrote in letters of gold." It was the following : " We further Recommend the most Clear and explicit assertion and vindication of our Rights and Liberties to be entered on the Public Records that the world may know in the present and all future Generations, that we have a clear knowledge and a just sense of those Rights and Liberties and that with submission to divine Providence, we never can be slaves." Accordingly, these instructions are spread upon the Braintree records. As they have been reprinted it is unnecessary to repeat them here, though the form in which they appear in the works of John Adams ' is quite inaccurate when compared with the original. It was certainly a vigorous, stirring production, well calculated to attract the public eye. There was in it an easy reference to the principles of English constitutional law which showed that the man who wrote it was master of his subject. He appealed to 1 John Adams' Works, vol. iii. pp. 465-S. Magna Charta, laying down the principle as " grand and fundamental," that " no freeman should be sub ject to any tax to which he has not given his own consent in person or by proxy." The courts of admi ralty were then arraigned : "In these courts one judge presides alone! No juries have any concern there ! . . . What Justice and Impartiality are we at Three thousand miles distance from the fountain to expect from such a Judge of Admiralty. We all along thought the Acts of Trade in this Respects a grievance. Bur the Stamp Act has erected a vast number of sources of New crimes which may be committed by any man and cannot but he committed by multitudes and Prodigious Penalties all annexed and all these to be tryed by such a Judge of such a Court. What can be wanting after this but a weak or wicked man for a Judge to render us the most sordid and forlorn of slaves ? We mean the slaves of a slave of the Servants of a Minister of State." The authorship of this paper brought the young Braintree lawyer into great popular prominence. Accordingly, it was upon the 18th of the following December that the town of Boston retained him to appear with Gridley and Otis before the Governor and Council in support of the memorial praying that the courts of law might be opened. It was a week later, on Christmas day, that he and his wife " drank tea at Grandfather Quincy's" at Mount Wollaston, and found the " old gentleman inquisitive about the hearing." A few days after, referring to the dangers of the times, he wrote in his diary, " Let the towns and the representatives renounce every stamp man and every trimmer next May !" He probably felt some anxiety at the time in regard to the action of Braintree. The North Precinct, he afterwards de clared in a letter which has been printed, was at that time " a very focus of Episcopal bigotry, intrigue, intolerance, and persecution." The church influence there was certainly very great, and one of its promi nent members was on the board of selectmen. So intense was the popular feeling, that politics had now fairly taken possession of the pulpit. For instance, the Rev. Ebenezer Gay, of Hingham, had preached a Thanksgiving sermon in which he inculcated dis tinctly submission to authority and a recourse to " prayers and tears, not clubs." This discourse greatly disturbed the Hingham people, who got so far as to believe that their worthy pastor had the stamps in his house, and they even threatened to go and search it for them. This feeling was not allayed when, the next Sabbath, Parson Smith, of Wey mouth, preached a sermon in the Hingham pulpit in which he recommended obedience to good rules and a spirited opposition to bad ones, interspersed with a good deal of animated declamation upon liberty and the times. A month later Parson Wybird alarmed his parishioners by announcing the following as the 332 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. text of his discourse : " Hear, 0 heavens, and give ear, 0 earth ! I have nourished and brought up children, and they have rebelled against me." John Adams goes on : " I began to suspect a Tory sermon on the times from this text, but the preacher confined himself to spirituals. But, I expect, if the tories should become the strongest, we shall hear many sermons against the ingratitude, injustice, disloyalty, treason, rebellion, impiety, and ill policy of refusing obedience to the Stamp Act. The church clergy, to be sure, will be very eloquent. The church people, are, many of them, favorers of the Stamp Act at present. Major Miller, forsooth, is very fear ful that they will be stomachful at home (England), and angry and resentful. Mr. Veasey insists upon it that we ought to pay our proportion of the public burdens. Mr. Cleverly is fully convinced that they, that is the Parliament, have a right to tax us; he thinks it is wrong to go on with business; we had better stop and wait till Spring, till we hear from home. . . Etter is another of the poisonous talkers, but not equally so. Cleverly and Veasey are slaves in principle; they are devout, religious slaves, and a religious bigot is the worst of men." Major Miller was then one of the board of select men. He and all the others mentioned were promi nent churchmen, and their names will presently be found as those of political "suspects" in the town records. As the day in March approached when town officers were to be elected, Braintree was alive with excite ment and intrigue. The church party was anxious not to lose the degree of influence it still had, and its members accordingly professed to have seen new light. Mr. Cleverly, for instance, was not so clear as he had been that Parliament had a right to tax the colonies ; indeed, he was inclined to think it had not. For selectmen he proposed a combination ticket, — Col. Josiah Quincy and Major Ebenezer Miller, the former being a stanch patriot. At last the day for the town-meeting came, and John Adams, who long afterwards spoke of it as " the first popular struggle of the Revolution in the town of Braintree," thus at the moment described what took place : "My brother Peter, Mr. Etter, and Mr. Field, having a number of votes prepared for Mr. Quincy and me, set them selves to scatter them. The town had been very silent and still, my name had never been mentioned, nor had our friends ever talked of any new selectmen at all, excepting in the South Pre cinct; but as soon as they found there was an attempt to be made they fell in and assisted, and although there were six dif ferent hats with votes for as many different persons, besides a considerable number of scattering votes, I had the major vote of the assembly the first time. Mr. Quincy had more than one hundred and sixty votes. I had but one vote more than half. . . . Etter and my brother took a skillful method. . . . Many persons, I hear, acted slyly and deceitfully ; this is always the case. . . Mr. Jo. Bass was extremely sorry for the loss of Major Miller; he would never come to another meeting. Mr. Jo. Cleverly could not account for many things done at town-meetings." This was the meeting at which the popular party achieved only a partial victory, owing to the fact that " the north end people," after voting for " Cornet Bass" once, "withdrew for refreshment," and durin» their absence in the bar of Ebenezer Thayer's tavern just across the road, another vote was taken and their candidate defeated. A fortnight later, on the 18th of March, the newly chosen selectman met Major Miller who, though a Tory then and afterwards, was a worthy man and useful member of his church and town. The successful candidate gave this account of the inter- " Went to Weymouth ; . . on my return stopped at Mr. Jo. Bass's for the papers. [This was the tavern at the centre of the North Precinct.] Major Miller soon afterwards came in, and he and I looked on each other without wrath or shame or guilt, at least without any great degree of either, though I must own I did not feel exactly as I used to in his company, and I am sure by his face and eyes that he did not in mine. We were very social, etc." Six weeks later Mr. Adams wrote : " May 4. Sunday. Returning from meeting this morning, I saw for the first time a likely young buttonwood tree, lately planted on the triangle made by the three roads, by the house of Mr. James Bracket. The tree is well set, well guarded, and has on it an inscription, ' The Tree of Liberty, and cursed is he who cuts this tree !' . .1 never heard a hint of it till I saw it, but I hear that some persons grumble, and threaten to girdle it." l On the 16th of May, 1766, news of the repeal of the Stamp Act reached Boston and was the cause of general rejoicing. For some reason the event was not noticed in Braintree, which John Adams pro nounced " insensible to the common joy," declaring that a duller day he did not remember to have passed. Yet there was a town-meeting held, and Ebenezer Thayer was chosen representative. Two more town- meetings were held that year, at each of which the question of granting compensation from the treasury of the province to the sufferers by the August riots of 1765 in Boston came up for discussion. Like many other towns, Weymouth for instance, Rraintree at first instructed its representative to vote against the proposed indemnity. The inhabitants desired " at all times to bear their testimony against such unlaw ful and abusive practices, but as they were in no wise accessory to the mischief committed they did not judge that they could be justly charged with the damages." At another meeting, held in December, Mr. Thayer was instructed to vote for indemnity. The 1 Apparently this tree was planted in a vacant grass-plot which then stood where the roads united diagonally opposite to where the Episcopal Church now is. Dr. Pattee (p. 378) says that it died a natural death eight years later. QUINCY. 333 record of this meeting would also seem to indicate that the new method of repairing the ways by tax had not yet worked a full measure of reform ; for the town petitioned to be relieved from a fine of ten pounds imposed upon it by the Superior Court " for notkeepiDg their roads in repair." In the following March, Norton Quincy and John Adams were again elected selectmen, and Major Miller appears at the head of the fence-viewers and surveyors of highways ; but the next year John Adams, who was then in active law practice in Boston, asked to be excused from further service. Not only did the town excuse him, but it passed a formal vote thank ing him " for his services as selectman for two years past." There is no other case of such a vote of thanks, and the occasion for it does not appear. Mr. Adams may have declined to receive pay for his services, but if he did, the fact was not stated. Though fast rising into professional eminence, he was at the time a man of only thirty, and there seems no reason why a town which for generations had seen colonels and judges and counselors serving it as selectmen should have been especially grateful to the son of Deacon Adams because he filled for a brief period the office to which his father had been thirteen times elected. It would seem probable, therefore, that, for reasons which do not now appear, his ser vices were known to have been of peculiar value. After the repeal of the Stamp Act there was a lull in the agitation. Yet the troubled waters did not grow wholly calm before, in 1767, Parliament passed the Import Act. The popular alarm over that measure is next reflected in the record of town-meet ings. The warrant, for instance, for that in Braintree at which John Adams declined re-election as selectman, contained an article for the town to agree upon " some effectual Method to promote Economy, Industry, and Manufactures, thereby to prevent the unnecessary im portation of European commodities, which threaten the country with poverty and Ruin." This article of the warrant was referred to a committee which reported at once that, in view of the decay of trade, the scarcity of money, and the heavy public debt, the town should use its utmost endeavors towards the suppression of extravagance, idleness and vice, and to promote indus try, economy and good morals. "And in order to prevent the unnecessary exportation of money, of which this Province has of late been so much drained, it is further voted, that this Town will, by all prudent means, discontinue the use of foreign Superfluities, and encour age the Manufactures of this Province, and particularly of this Town." This was in March, 1768, and a few months later the rumor crept abroad that regiments of British sol diers were to be brought from Halifax and Ireland to overawe the Massachusetts Colony. Boston again took the lead in agitation, and a formal committee from its town-meeting waited on Governor Barnard, asking, in view of the well-authenticated character of the rumor, that the General Court should be called to gether. It was not supposed that this request would be complied with ; but the refusal to comply with it gave the popular leaders a pretext for taking the next step to which they now saw their way. The town of Boston by circular letters invited all the other towns to choose delegates to a convention. As Hutchinson said, this act " had a greater tendency towards a revo lution in government than any preceding measure in any of the colonies. The inhabitants of one town alone took upon them to convene an assembly from all the towns, that, in everything but in name, would be a house of representatives." This was the exact state of the case. The appeal was direct to the New England town system. In that system, acting through town-meetings called in a perfectly legal way, the popular leaders saw the material for perfect political organization. The units being of one mind, the way was open to a reorganization of the whole. The slow growth of a hundred and thirty years was now to produce its results. Without having recourse to any suddenly improvised political machinery, with no noise or confusion, but acting quietly through their accus tomed local organizations, the people of Massachu setts were in the most natural manner conceivable about to take the management of their affairs into their own hands. In this work Braintree only did its share. John Adams had removed to Boston, and was now busy with his law books. Yet both this year and the year after he drew up the Boston instructions to its representatives. When the Braintree town-meeting was held, on the 26th of September, Col. Josiah Quincy and Ebenezer Thayer were chosen to repre sent the town in the proposed convention. A letter of instructions to them was at the same meeting read and approved and ordered to be spread on the rec ords, two pages of which are covered by it. These instructions — and during this period many of them are to be found in the records of the towns — are no longer interesting reading. They relate to issues long since decided, and set forth princi ples which few now care to dispute ; but historically, they are of the utmost value. Generally well written, though in the somewhat turgid style of the day, they almost always show a clear idea both of what was wanted and of the means through which it was pro posed to get it. That such papers should have ema- 334 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. nated at once from so many towns in the province shows more clearly than anything else the generally high standard of political thought which then pre vailed. Nor were these papers the work of a few leaders in advance of the people. The whole popular column was moving together. The instructions, pre pared by committees, were read and understood in town-meeting. Those of Weymouth were cast in the same mould as those of Braintree. It was one voice, and it emitted no uncertain sound. It was the voice of an intelligent people moving by an accustomed path towards a given end which they distinctly saw. Hence there was nothing strange, irregular, or mob like in their action. Even when engaged in a revo lution they elaborately argued every measure, and took each new step in careful conformity with law and precedent. Between September, 1765, and September, 1776, there are seven of these state papers, as they may properly be called, entered at length on the Braintree records, filling eighteen closely- written folio pages. First are the town instructions to its representative in relation to the Stamp Act ; last is the Declaration of Independence. Between these come the instruc tions to Col. Quincy and Ebenezer Thayer, delegates to the Boston convention of September, 1768 ; the resolutions of March 1, 1773, in response to the cir cular report of the committee of correspondence of the Boston town-meeting of Oct. 28, 1772 ; the re port and resolves on taxation without representation of March 11, 1774; the brief instructions of Jan. 23, 1775, to Deacon Joseph Palmer, town delegate to the Provincial Congress held at Cambridge ; and, March 15th, the full covenant for non-importation, non-consumption, and non-exportation then recom mended by the Continental Congress. Of these several papers, the resolves of March 1, 1773, are the most noticeable. They appear to have been drawn by Gen. and Deacon Palmer, an active freeman of the town, who then and for several years after was prominent in the North Precinct. Though born in England, and emigrating at thirty years of age, Gen. Palmer was an ardent patriot, and in 1774 represented Braintree in the Provincial Con gress. He was at the head of the committee to which the Boston report was referred. Hutchinson says that the responses of " some of the towns were very high and inflammatory." Perhaps he so classed those of Braintree. Though they began in a meas ured way, they were certainly explicit, and clearly re vealed the advance of public opinion. From them to a declaration of political independence was but one step, and not a long one. Yet these resolves were passed more than two years before the fight at Con cord bridge. They were in these words : "We, your Committee, Ac, report, — " 1st. That we apprehend the state of the rights of the colo nists, and of this Province in particular, together with a list of the infringements and violations of those rights, as stated in the Pamphlets committed to us, are in general fairly represented and that the town of Boston be hereby thanked for this instance of their extraordinary care of the public welfare. "2d. That all taxations, by what name soever called im posed upon us without our consent by any earthly power are unconstitutional, oppressive, and tend to enslave us, " 3d. That as our Fathers left their native Country and Friendi in order that they and their Posterity might enjoy that civil and religious Liberty here which they could not enjoy there, we, their descendants, are determined by the grace of God that our con sciences shall not accuse us with having acted unworthy such pious and venerable Heroes, and that we will, by all Lawful ways and means, preserve at all events all our civil and relig ious rights and priviledges. " 4th. That by the divine constitution of things there is such a connection between civil and religious Liberty, that in what ever nation or government the one is crushed the other seldom or ever survives long after. Of this History furnishes abundant evidence. " 5th. That all Civil officers are, or ought to be, Servants to the people, and dependent upon them for their official support; and every instance to the contrary, from the Governor down ward, tends to crush and destroy civil liberty. " 6th. That we bear true loyalty to our Lawful king, George the 3d, and unfeigned affection to our Brethren in Great Brittain and Ireland, and to all our Sister Colonies, and so long as oar mother- country protects us in our Charter rights and privileges, so long will we, by divine assistance, exert our utmost to pro mote the welfare of the whole British Empire, which we earn estly pray may flourish uninterruptedly in the paths of right eousness till time shall be no more. " 7th. That Mr. Thayer, our Representative, be directed, and he hereby is directed, to use his utmost endeavors that a Dayof Fasting and Prayer be appointed throughout the Province for humbling ourselves before God in this day of darkness, and imploring divine direction and assistance." Events now moved rapidly. On the 18th of De cember of this year (1773) the tea was thrown into Boston Harbor, Deacon Palmer's son from Braintree aiding in the work. On the 1st of the following June, Governor Hutchinson sailed away from Boston into his life-long exile, and the same day the Port Bill went into effect. During June also the General Court appointed five delegates to represent the prov ince in the first Continental Congress ; and August 10th, John Adams set off with his colleagues for Philadelphia, having previously moved his wife and family back to Braintree from their home in Queen Street, Boston. On the 22d of August Braintree appointed Deacon Palmer, Col. Thayer, and Capt. Penniman its delegates to the county convention, and likewise its committee of correspondence ; a larger body of six, at the head of which was Norton Quincy, was likewise instructed to act as a sort of committee of public safety. QUINCY. 335 For this latter committee there was then supposed to be special need in Braintree. The town powder was stored in a small building on the common in the North Precinct, and some anxiety was felt as to its safety. Owing to the presence of the Church of Eng land people, the North Precinct was looked upon as a Tory hot-bed. Party feeling there certainly ran hio'h, " and very hard words and threats of blows upon both sides were given out." In the course of the month of September, Gen. Gage sent two companies of soldiers over to Charlestown, and secured some ammu nition stored there. This led to a tumultuous gath ering next day at Cambridge, and the excitement soon spread through the neighboring towns. Mrs. John Adams then tells the story of what occurred in Brain tree : " The report took here on Friday, and on Sunday a soldier was seen lurking about the Common, supposed to be a spy, but moBt likely a deserter. However, intelligence of it was com municated to the other parishes, and about eight o'clock Sunday evening there passed by here about two hundred men, preceded by a horse-cart, and marched down to the powder-house, from whence they took the powder, and carried it into the other parish, and there secreted it. I opened the window upon their return. They passed without any noise, not a word among them until they came against this house, when some of them, percoiving me, asked me if I wanted any powder. I replied, ' No, since it is in such good hands.' The reason they gave for taking it was that we had so many Tories here they dared not trust us with it ; they had taken Vinton >¦ in their train, and upon their return they stopped between Cleverly's and Etter's and called upon him to deliver two warrants. Upon his producing them, they put it to vote whether they should burn them, and it passed in the affirmative. They then made a circle and burnt them. They then called a vote whether they should huzza, but, it being Sunday evening, it passed in the negative. They oalled upon Vinton to swear that he would never be in strumental in oarrying into execution any of these new acts. They were not satisfied with his answers ; however, they let him rest. A few days afterwards, upon his making some foolish speeches, they assembled to the amount of two or three hundred, and swore vengeance upon him unless he took a solemn oath. Accordingly, they chose a committee and sent it with him to Major Miller's to see that he complied; and they waited his return, which, proving satisfactory, they dispersed. This town appears as high as you can well imagine, and, if necessary, would soon be in arms. Not a Tory but hides his head. The 1 The Vinton here mentioned was Capt. John Vinton, of Braintree Middle Precinct. He was then deputy sheriff, and as such had in his hands a number of the newly-issued war rants for summoning juries, in pursuance of the act of Parlia ment for new modeling the government of Massachusetts. Though an official under the colonial government, John Vinton was at a later time an earnest patriot, and held a commission in the Revolutionary army. (Vinton Memorial, pp. 57-61.) Joseph Cleverly and Peter Etter were both members of the Braintree Episcopal ohurch, and they lived on the old Plymouth road, near Penn's Hill, and were accordingly neighbors of Mrs. Adams. It has already been seen (ante, p. 332) that Etter was a warm political friend of John Adams. Church parson thought they were coming after him, and ran up garret; they say another jumped out of his window aud hid among the corn, whilst a third crept under a board fence and told his beads." The powder was removed on Sunday, September 4th, and the alarm caused among the church people by such proceedings was naturally great. Their sym pathizers were almost wholly confined to Boston, and accordingly exaggerated rumors soon began to get currency there of the dangers to which Mr. Winslow and the members of his society were exposed. Lex ington and Concord were still six months in the future, and public feeling had not yet reached the pitch of intolerance to which it subsequently rose. These rumors accordingly scandalized the law-abiding senti ment of Braintree, and early in October the matter was brought to the notice of an adjourned town- meeting. The following preamble and vote were then passed : " Whereas, a report has been spread in the Town of Boston and other places that a considerable Number of People in this Town had entered into a combination to Disturb and harrass the Reverend Mr. Winslow and other members of the church of England, with a letter to oblidge them to leave the Town. And no evidence appearing to support the charge, Therefore " Voted, That said report is Malicious, false and injurious, and calculated to defame this Town, and that we protest against all such combinations as being subversive of good Government. We being as ready to allow that right of private judgment to others which we claim for ourselves. "Voted, The relation Mr. Peter Etter made respecting his conduct is satisfactory to the Town." Peter Etter was a German by extraction, and one of the company that undertook the development of glass-works in Braintree in 1752. He continued to be an inhabitant of the town after that enterprise failed, and took an active part in public affairs. Though apparently a churchman, he seems to have been on excellent social and political terms with John Adams, who used, with his wife, to take tea with him ; and apparently it was well known in the town that on public issues he did not sympathize with his rector. It was not so with all. Major Miller evidently stood well with his townsmen. He had served acceptably in many offices, and was on the board of selectmen as late as 1772. But he belonged to the church and the gentry, — the class of the Apthorps, Borlands, and Vassalls, — and at the very meeting which passed the votes just quoted all persons in the town who felt " aggrieved by the conduct of others respecting our public affairs" were enjoined to go to a com mittee of observation, then appointed, who were "de sired, if possible, to remove the grounds of uneasiness (if real), and direct all inquiries." Three years passed away before the persecution of 336 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. the Tories in Braintree became open and pronounced. Meanwhile they were certainly treated with no little forbearance. Even after the Declaration of Inde pendence had been read from the North Precinct pulpit and entered in the records of the town, Mrs. Adams, on the 29th of September, 1776, wrote to her husband : " The church is opened here every Sunday, and the king prayed for, as usual, in open defiance of Congress." In reply, he expressed his surprise at " prayers in public for an abdicated king," and declared that nothing of the kind was heard any where in the country except New York and Brain tree. " This practice," he added, " is treason against the State, and cannot be long tolerated." Outwardly, and in other respects, Mr. Winslow was probably more discreet, but it has already been observed that he felt bound by his ordination oath to conform literally to the ritual, and he did so until at last the long-suppressed popular feeling found open expression. In June, 1777, a town-meeting was called for the purpose of agreeing upon a list of those persons dwelling in Braintree who were " esteemed inimical" to the popular cause. The selectmen presented the following names : Rev. Edward Winslow, Maj. Ebenezer Miller, John Cheesman, Joseph Cleverly, James Apthorp, William Veazie, Benjamin Cleverly, Oliver Gay, and Nedabiah Bent. The following names were then added : Joseph Cleverly (second), William Veazie, Jr., Henry Cleverly, and Thomas Brackett. All of these persons it was then voted were " esteemed inimical," and William Penniman was chosen to procure evidence of their disloyalty and lay it before the court. The coming event had cast its shadow before, and on the 2d of April, Mrs. Adams wrote : " The Church doors were shut up last Sunday in consequence of a presentiment; a farewell sermon preached and much weeping and wailing ; persecuted, be sure, but not for righteousness' sake." The action of the town two months later was in the nature of a formal indictment of the whole society, for among the names of those recorded as " inimical" were its rector, its wardens, and all its leading members. Yet Mr. Winslow alone would seem to have left the town, following the British army to New York. In any event his occupation in Braintree was gone. Against the other members of the society proceedings do not seem to have been pressed, and afterwards they all of them become good citizens of the United States, their names again appearing in the Braintree and Quincy records, and, at last, on the stones in the graveyard. Later a certain amount of property in Braintree was seized and sold because of Tory owner ship, but it belonged chiefly to non-residents. In conse quence of one of these seizures John Adams bought the old Vassall house, in which he passed the last twenty- five years of his life, and from which both he and his wife were buried. But the Tory persecution in Braintree, though it doubtless made the lives of those suspected miserable enough at the time, seems, so far as actual residents in the town were concerned, to have resulted only in the expatriation of Samuel Quincy, the Borlands, and the Rev. Edward Winslow. The other suspects quietly accepted the situation. Returning to the autumn of 1774, after the seizure of the powder on the 4th of September Braintree was alive with rumors and military preparation. Re turning from a visit to Salem, Mrs. Adams stopped at ber house in Boston, and thence wrote to her husband on September 24th : " ' In time of peace prepare for war' (if this may be called a time of peace) resounds throughout the country. Next Tuesday they are warned at Braintree, all above fifteen and under sixty, to attend with their arms ; and to train once a fortnight from that time is a scheme which lies much at heart with many." She then goes on to speak of a conspiracy among the negroes in Boston, which, it was supposed, had just been discovered, and she adds, — " There is but little said, and what steps they will take in consequence of it I know not. I wish most sincerely there was not a slave in the province; it always appeared a most iniqui tous scheme to me to fight ourselves for what we are daily rob bing and plundering from those who have as good a right to freedom as we have. You know my mind on this subject." In the form of covenant " very unanimously" adopted in the Braintree town-meeting of 15th March follow ing the date of this letter there appears this clause,— " We will neither import, or purchase any slave imported since the first day of December last, and will wholly discon tinue the slave trade ; and will neither be concerned in it our selves, nor will we hire our vessels, nor sell our commodities or manufactures to those who are concerned in it." The two utterances taken together are significant, for Mr. Adams had returned from Philadelphia in October, 1774, and it was he, doubtless, who draughted the covenant. Immediately on his getting back to Braintree the town had chosen him as an ad ditional delegate to the Provincial Congress, Messrs. Thayer and Palmer having been previously elected. He had passed the winter at home, and as soon as the covenant was adopted he came forward with another report as chairman of a committee on minute-men. It was voted to raise three companies, one in each precinct, to be composed of forty-one men each, includ ing officers. Provision had already been made in January for military drill, and payment for attendance thereat ; and now the minute-men in prompt attend- QUINCY. 337 ance were to receive " one shilling and four pence per day for one day in every week, and the selectmen were directed to supply the officers of the three com panies with money to pay off said men day by day ;'' and if there were no funds in the treasury they were to borrow on the town's credit. On the 19th of April occurred the affair of Lexington and Concord, and on the 24th the adjourned town-meeting directed the se lectmen to " dismiss Mr. Bice, their Grammar School master as soon as their present engagements are ex pired." It was evidently thought that there was no money for anything but men and munitions ; and ten days later Mrs. Adams wrote to her husband : " Mr. Rice is going into the army as captain of a company. We have no school. I know not what to do with John." This John was her oldest son, John Quincy, then a boy of seven, who, eighteen months later, she again refers to as having " become post-rider from Boston to Braintree." It was the general belief, after the affair of Lexing ton and Concord had tightened the lines around Roston, that the need of supplies would oblige Gen. Gage to send out parties along the shore. As one of the salt-water neighborhoods, the North Precinct was accordingly in great and perpetual terror of forays. On the 4th of May, Mrs. Adams wrote : " There has been no descent upon the sea-coast. Guards are regularly kept." The widow of Josiah Quincy, Jr., who had died only a few weeks before, was then at the house of her father-in-law in the North Precinct, — the house, already referred to, in which President Josiah Quincy, of Harvard College, subsequently lived and died. On Saturday, April 29th, Mrs. Adams went to see her there, " and in the afternoon, from an alarm they had she and her sister with three others of the family, took refuge with [Mrs. Adams] and tarried all night." A little later Col. Quincy arranged with Deacon Holbrook, of the Middle Precinct, for a place of retreat, if he needed one; and Mr. Cranch, who lived at Germantown, did the same with Maj. Bass. Mrs. Adams herself secured a refuge at the house of her husband's brother. So things went on from day to day, the now inev itable conflict drawing always nearer. At last, on Sunday morning, May 21st, Braintree had a veritable alarm, — the enemy was actually at its door. Three sloops and a cutter had come out from Boston Harbor and dropped anchor in Weymouth fore-river, not far from Germantown. Before six o'clock alarm-guns were heard, and shortly after the bells began to ring. Then the minute-men fell in at tap of drum on the trammg-field. The panic was great, especially in Weymouth, and men, women, and children came 22 flocking over the Plymouth road and down Penn's Hill to Braintree. The wildest rumors were cir culated. Three hundred men had been landed I They were marching into Weymouth village ! They were coming to Germantown ! Meanwhile the com panies of minute-men came rapidly in, showing suffi ciently well what a hornet's nest the region was. They came from distances of twenty miles and more. Those from Braintree were naturally among the first on the ground. Young Elihu Adams, also a son of Deacon John Adams, and who afterwards died of dysentery contracted in camp during the siege of Boston, was in command of the Braintree company, and also one of the party which went out to drive the marauders away from Sheep Island, where they were foraging. This they succeeded in doing without loss to themselves. Through all these events Mrs. Adams wrote that her house, being on the main road, was a scene of lasting confusion. " Soldiers coming in for a lodging, for breakfast, for supper, for drink, etc. Sometimes refugees from Boston, tired and fatigued, seek an asylum for a day, a night, a week." Meanwhile her husband was writing : " Let me caution you, my dear, to be upon your guard against the multitude of affrights and alarms which, I fear, will surround you ;" but a little later he exclaims, " Oh, that I were a soldier ! I will be ! I am reading military books. Everybody must, and will, and shall be a soldier !" All this was in May. At last, on the morning of Saturday, June 17th, a heavy cannonading to the northward awoke the town at early dawn. The British ships of war in Boston Harbor were firing at the breastwork which had been thrown up the night before on the crest of Bunker's Hill. The only records which have come down to us showing how that day was passed by those dwelling in Braintree are found in a letter from Mrs. Adams to her husband and in the later recollections of her son. Restless with ex citement and suspense, unable to shut out the noise of the distant cannon, the mother, then a woman of a little more than thirty, taking with her the child of eight, went out to the neighboring Penn's Hill, and, climbing to its summit, looked towards Boston. It was a clear June day of intense heat, and across the blue bay they saw, against the horizon, the dense black volume of smoke which rolled away from the burning houses of Charlestown. Over the crest of the distant hill hung the white clouds which told of the battle going on beneath the smoke. There was withal something quite dramatic in the scene ; for, as the two sat there silent and trembling, the child's hand clasped in that of the mother, thinking now of what 338 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. was taking place before their eyes, and now of the husband and father so far away at the Congress, they dreamed not at all of the great future for him and for the boy to be surely worked out in that conflict, the first pitched battle of which was then being fought before them. The next day the mother wrote, — - "The battle began upon our intrenchments upon Bunker's Hill Saturday morning, about three o'clock, and has not ceased yet, and it is now three o'clock Sabbath afternoon. Charles town is laid in ashes. It is expected they will come out over the Neck to night, and a dreadful battle must ensue. Almighty God, cover the heads of our countrymen, and be a shield to our dear friends ! How many have fallen we know not. The con stant roar of the cannon is so distressing that we cannot eat, drink, or sleep. My bursting heart must find vent at my pen. ' The race is not to the swift, nor the battle to the strong ; but the God of Israel is He that giveth strength and power unto his people. Trust in him at all times, ye people, pour out your hearts before him ; God is a refuge for us.' " There were no services held that Sunday in the North Precinct church, nor had there been on the Sunday before. " They delight in molesting us on the Sabbath," wrote Mrs. Adams. But at last, on the 25th of June, "we have sat under our own vine in quietness ; have heard Mr. Taft. The good man was earnest and pathetic ; I could forgive his weakness for the sake of his sincerity." Nor did her own pastor fully meet the spiritual needs of this lady, for pres ently she speaks of him as " our inanimate old bache lor," whom she " could not bear to hear ;" and then says that he " made the best oration (he never prays, you know) I ever heard from him." Two companies of soldiers were now stationed in the town, — that of Capt. Turner, at Germantown, and that of Capt. Vinton, at Squantum. Presently they were engaged in small affairs in the harbor ; but, before this, their presence led to a town-meeting episode which showed how the lessons of history were ingrained in the peo ple. The descendants of the Puritans bore freshly in memory the fact that Cromwell had with his soldiery dispersed the Long Parliament. The town was to choose a representative. Col. Palmer and Mr. Thayer, dwelling in different precincts, were opposing candidates, and Captain Vinton's company was largely composed of men from Mr. Thayer's precinct. The meeting was held on the 12th of July, and again Mrs. Adams tells what took place : " There was a considerable muster upon Thayer's side and Vinton's company marched up in order to assist, but got sadly disappointed. Newcomb insisted upon it that no man should vote who was in the army. He had no notion of being under the military power; said we might be so situated as to have the greater part of the people engaged in the military, and then all power would be wrested out of the hands of the civil magistrate. He insisted upon its being put to vote, and carried his point immediately." During the night of the 9th of July a body of three hundred volunteers put out in whale-boats from Germantown, and crossed over to Long Island, where they seized some cattle, sheep, and prisoners, and brought them off without being discovered from the vessels lying near. Their emulation being fired by this achievement, a few days later another party put off from the Moon Island, opposite Squantum, in open day, and fired the house and barn which the previous party had spared. Though exposed to a sharp fire from the enemy's ships, the whole force re turned in safety, and only one of the covering party on the Moon was killed. Then all the companies guard ing the south side of the bay were ordered to go to Nantasket, and cut and bring away the ripened grain. While there, and under the eyes of several men-of- war, they crossed over in their whale-boats and set fire to the light-house. Returning, they were fired upon and pursued, but got back without loss. Gen. Gage thereupon sent a force of carpenters, under guard of thirty marines, down to repair the building, and caused a new lamp to be setup. Inconsequence of this, on Sunday evening, the 29th, a body of men went off from Squantum in the whale-boats, surprised and overcame the guard, killing the lieutenant in command and one man, and completely destroyed the buildings. Returning with their prisoners they were hotly pursued, but escaped with the loss of one man killed. Two days after he was buried from German- town. These were the only military operations un dertaken during the siege of Boston from Quincy Bay; and though, as Mrs. Adams wrote, they were in themselves but trifling affairs, yet they served "to inure our men and harden them to danger." The summer was hot and dry. There was meat to be had in abundance, but at one time it seemed probable that the corn crop would prove a failure, and famine might thus be added to war. Tea, coffee, and sugar became very scarce, but " whortleberries and milk we are not obliged to commerce for." The camps about Boston, swarming with raw, untrained levies, were not properly policed, nor were the food and mode of life such as the men were accustomed to. As a matter of course sickness ensued. The state of con tinual excitement and alarm in which the people of the neighboring towns had long been living naturally predisposed them to disease, and when the camp sick ness took the form of dysentery it soon became epi demic and spread rapidly. Then followed some weeks of terrible trial. It was a time of pestilence. In Braintree Mr. Wibird was stricken down, and all through August and September the Sabbath services were not observed. There was almost no house QUINCY. 339 which did not count some dead, and two, three, and even four funerals would take place in a day. " The small-pox in the natural way was not more mortal than this distemper has proved in this and many neighboring towns. . . Mrs. Randall has lost her daughter. Mrs. Bracket hers. Mr. Thomas Thayer his wife. I know of eight this week who have been buried in this town. ... In six weeks I count five of my near connections laid in the grave. . . , And such is the distress of the neighborhood that I can scarcely find a well person to assist in looking after the sick. Mr. Wi bird lies had, Major Miller is dangerous, and Mr. Gay is not expected to live. . . . We have fevers of various kinds, the throat distemper, as well as the dysentery prevailing in this and the neighboring towns. . . . Sickness and death are in al most every family. I have no more shocking and terrible idea of any distemper, except the plague, than this. ... So mortal a time the oldest man does not remember." So wrote Mrs. Adams to her husband. His brother Elihu, who had just taken a commission in the army, was among the earliest victims. Returning home at that time, John Adams had started back to Philadel phia on the 26th of August, and between that day and the 8th of September there were eighteen per sons buried in the Middle Precinct alone. The disease was supposed to be contagious, so that watchers and nurses could be obtained only with difficulty, and the sustained physical strain upon the well soon made them sick. Mrs. Adams' own house was a hospital. A servant was first taken down ; she herself was then seized ; another servant followed, and then one of her children ; a third servant fell sick, and had to be moved to Weymouth, where she afterwards died. Thither Mrs. Adams followed her to be by the bed side of her own mother, and from thence, on October 1st, she wrote, in an agony of grief, to her husband, — " Have pity upon me ! have pity upon me, 0 thou my be loved, for the hand of God presseth me sore. Yet will I be dumb and silent, and not open my mouth, because Thou, 0 Lord, hast done it. How can I tell you (0 my bursting heart !) that my dear mother has left me! After sustaining sixteen days' severe oonflict, nature fainted, and she fell asleep. At times I was almost ready to faint under this severe and heavy stroke, separated from thee, who used to be a comforter to me in afflic tion; but, blessed be God ! his ear is not heavy that He cannot hear, but He has bid us call upon Him in time of trouble." Ten days after this letter was written Col. Josiah Quincy watched, from an upper window of his house, the ship that bore Gen. Gage down the harbor on his way home to England. The pane of glass is still preserved on which he then scratched a record of the incident. But six months more were to pass before the evacuation of Boston. During that time the apprehension of attack along the Braintree shore was continual ; but those dwelling there had become accustomed to it, and took the alarms more quietly. Col. Quincy wrote, — " Although we have five companies stationed near us, yet the shells thrown from the floating batteries and the flat-bottomed boats which row with twenty oars, carry fifty men each, and are defended with cannon and swivels, keep us under perpetual apprehonsion of being attacked whenever we shall become an object of sufficient magnitude to excite the attention of our en emies. Our circumstances are truly melancholy, and grow rather worse than better." Towards the end of October the sickness abated, and as the winter came on the situation became in every way more endurable. Money, it was true, had already become scarce. Paper currency was at a discount of ten per cent., and a silver dollar was a great rarity. Prices had begun to rise. Those of foreign goods had doubled. Molasses was an article in common household use ; its ordinary price had risen from twenty-five cents a gallon to forty. Of the domestic products, corn was sixty-five cents a bushel, rye eighty, hay twenty dollars a ton, and wood three dollars and a half a cord. Meat was abundant. The condition of the people was, there fore, in no way unbearable, and though Boston was in a state of siege only ten miles away, with the exception that the greater part of the able-bodied men were away in camp, life went on in Braintree much as usual. This continued until March, the war and its incidents being, meanwhile, the great subject of dis cussion. Rumors of what was going on in camp and in Congress were abundant. Among others, there came a story, which was industriously bruited about, that Hancock and John Adams had both left Philadelphia, and sailed for England from New York on board an English man-of-war. In other words, they had proved traitors. In the morbid condition of the public mind, even this absurd story gained credence. Angry disputes took place in Braintree taverns, and " some men were collared and dragged out of the shop with great threats for reporting such scandalous lies." Norton Quincy, then one of the selectmen, seems to have been especially excited over the calumny. Though a man of indolent temper, he went so far as to offer his own life as a forfeit for that of the husband of his niece, should the report prove true. But, a mere war rumor, it was soon forgotten. Indeed, the beginning of new military operations soon drove all such wild ideas out of the people's heads. On the 3d of March the sound of heavy cannon ading from the direction of Boston warned the peo ple of Braintree that new movements were going on. The militia were all mustered, and marched away with three days' rations. Scarcely a man was left in town, and the place of those serving as sea-coast o-uards was filled by others from the interior. 340 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. "I have just returned," wrote Mrs. Adams, " from Penn's Hill, where I have been sitting to hear the amazing roar of cannon, and from whence I could see every shell which was thrown. ... I went to bed about twelve, and rose again a little after one. I could no more sleep than if I had been in the engagement; the rattling of the windows, the jar of the house, the continual roar of twenty-four pounders, and the bursting of shells. About six this morning there was quiet. I rejoiced in a few hours' calm. I hear we got possession of Dorchester Hill last night." Three days later, she speaks of the militia as all returning, and of her great disappointment that noth ing more was effected thau the occupation of Dor chester Heights. " I hoped and expected more im portant and decisive scenes. I would not have suffered all I have for two such hills." A fortnight later the evacuation of Boston had been decided upon. " Between seventy and eighty vessels of various sizes are gone down and lie in a row in fair sight of this place, all of which appear to be loaded." The fear of marauding parties was so great at this time that the shores had to be guarded nightly. Under date of the 18th of March, when an adjourned town-meeting was to have been held, the following entry appears in the records : "The inhabitants being obliged to guard the shores to pre vent the threatened damages from the ships which lay in the harbor with the troops aboard, the meeting was adjourned to 25th instant, at one o'clock p.m." Three days later, Col. Quincy reported as follows to Gen. Washington : " Since the ships and troops fell down below, we have been apprehensive of an attack from their boats, in pursuit of live stock ; but yesterday, in the afternoon we were happily relieved by the appearance of a number of whale-boats, stretching across our bay, under the command (as I have since learned) of the brave Lieut.-Col. Tupper, who in the forenoon had been cannonading the ships, with one or more field-pieces, from the east head of Thompson's Island, and I suppose last night can nonaded them from the same place, or from Spectacle Island, This judicious manoeuvre had its genuine effect ; for, this morn ing, the Admiral and all the rest of the ships, except one of the line, came to sail, and fell down to Nantasket Road, where a countless number is now collected." At the same time Mrs. Adams wrote, — "From Penn's Hill we have a view of the largest fleet ever seen in America. You may count upwards of a hundred and seventy sail. They look like a forest. ... To what quar ter of the world they are bound is wholly unknown; but it is generally thought to New York. Many people are elated with their quitting Boston. I confess I do not feel so. 'Tis only lifting a burden from one shoulder to the other, which is per haps less able or less willing to support it. . . . Every foot of ground which they obtain now they must fight for, and may they purchase it at a Bunker Hill price." And in reply, John Adams exclaimed, — " We are taking precautions to defend every place that is in danger, the Carolinas, Virginia, New York, Canada. I can think of nothing but fortifying Boston Harbor. I want more cannon than are to be had. I want a fortification upon Point Alderton, one upon Lovell's Island, one upon George's Island several upon Long Island, one upon the Moon, one upon Squan tum. I want to hear of half a dozen fire-ships, and two or three hundred fire-rafts prepared. I want to hear of row-gal leys, floating batteries built, and booms laid across the channel in the narrows, and Vaisseaux de Frise sunk in it. I wish to hear that you are translating Braintree commons into the channel." Though the body of the English fleet took its de parture for Halifax during the month of March, a few vessels lay at anchor in the outer harbor or cruised about the bay for several weeks longer. They seemed reluctant to give up all pretence of maintain ing a hold on Boston. At the end of May, Mrs, Adams wrote : " We have now in fair sight of my uncle's [Norton Quincy's house, at Mount Wollaston] the' Commodore,' a thirty-six gun frigate, another large vessel, and six small craft." At last military move ments were made under orders from the patriot au thorities looking to the occupation of the islands. In consequence of these the last remnant of the fleet, " ' Commodore' and all," put to sea upon the 14th of June, and " not a transport, a ship, or a tender [was next day] to be seen." Braintree, in common with her sister-towns on Boston Bay, was thereafter allowed. to rest in peace. So far as Massachusetts was concerned, the war of independence now entered upon a new stage. Neither any longer was the enemy on the hearth-stone, nor was the struggle a novelty. The glow of excitement which stimulated and made easy the first patriotic movement had passed away. In its place came a con sciousness of the drag and drain of a seemingly endless war. In this respect the experience of one genera tion is but a repetition of that of another. The ugly details of the past are forgotten, while whatever there was of heroic about it stauds out clean cut and prominent. On the other hand, the selfish, venal spirit of the present makes itself painfully apparent, and is supposed always to be of recent development, — one of the characteristics of a race degenerate. A careful examination of the record reveals a different story. The years between 1860 and 1865 will lose nothing by contrast with those between 1776 and 1782. In each case the conflict opened on a people wild with patriotic ardor. All were burning to do something; many could not do too much. Money was poured out like water ; regiments formed as if by magic. Self- sacrifice was the order of the day, and life in the presence of trial assumed an unknown charm. For the time being a whole people had become heroic Then came the reaction. The realities of war be- QUINCY. 341 gan to be felt. Enlistments fell off in 1776, as they • did in 1862. It grew harder to procure men just in , proportion to the more pressing need of men. Values ' were unsettled. Prices rose. The poorer and more : selfish natures began to show the baseness of which j they were capable. The voice of the croaker was loud j in the land. The contractor grew rich ; the patriot poor. It seemed as though the war would never end ; not a few were forward to express the wish that it had never begun. The weak, the craven, and the mean longed for quiet and the flesh-pots. Even while the town clerk of Braintree, in obe dience to the mandate of the Provincial Council, was entering the Declaration of Independence on the records, "there to remain as a perpetual memorial," — ' only three months after the last British ship had been 1 driven from Boston Harbor, — even thus early Mrs. Adams wrote as follows to her husband : " I am sorry to see a spirit so venal prevailing everywhere. [ When our men were drawn out for Canada, a very large bounty j was given them; and now another call is made upon us. No one will go without a large bounty, though only for two months, and each town seems to think its honor engaged in outbidding the others. The province pay is forty shillings. In addition to that, this town voted to make it up six pounds. They then drew out the persons most unlikely to go, and they are obliged to give three pounds to hire a man. Some pay the whole fine, — ten pounds. Forty men are now drafted from this town. More than one-half, from sixteen to fifty, are now in the ser vice. This method of conducting will create a general uneasi ness in the Continental army." She then goes on to speak of the rage for privateer ing which prevailed, and adds that "vast numbers" were employed in that way. Before entering further into the burden which the war then imposed on Rraintree, it will be well to try to form some idea of the strength which was there to bear the burden. What was the population of the town during the Revolution ? — and what was its wealth ? The census of 1765 gives the population at 2433, that of 1776 at 2871, and that of 1790 at 2771. During the war, therefore, taken as one period, Braintree must have numbered a population of close upon 2800 souls. Of these, 700 would have been males above sixteen years of age ; for the war lasted eight years, and in the course of it a new arms-bearing generation grew up. Experience has always shown that, for the practical purposes of war, men above forty years of age are useless. As members of a home-guard and during short periods of service, they can be made more or less effective. But the bivouac, long marches, and unac customed fare break them down. They are not equal to Campaign exposure. Consequently not more than two-thirds at most of the men above sixteen in any community are properly capable of bearing arms. Those above forty years of age, and the halt, the lame, and the blind must be exempted. During the years 1776 to 1782, therefore, the whole arms-bearing popu lation of Braintree did not exceed 475 at the outside. It probably fell considerably short of that number. As respects available wealth, it is far more difficult to fix on any safe basis for estimate. This subject has already been considered. It has been stated that the Braintree people during the colonial period had substance, but very little of what would now be called quick capital. In other words, they had nothing which could readily be turned into money. They owned the houses in which they lived, their farms, farm buildings, and stock. They had clothes and some furniture. A few had money out at interest ; and others were in debt. To this general rule of no available means there were, of course, in an old town like Braintree a few exceptions. Such were Col. Quincy, Major Miller, Gen. Palmer, and, possi bly, Mr. Thayer. John Adams was not an ex ception to it. He had nothing except his house in Queen Street, Boston, and the farm at Penn's Hill. The farm his wife tried to manage. Few men were more capable, and yet in September, 1777, she wrote to him, " Unless you return, what little property you possess will be lost. . . As to what is here under my immediate inspection, I do the best I can with it. But it will not, at the high price labor is, pay its way." This was the common experience. The Penn's Hill farm also affords a basis on which to make an approximate estimate of the wealth of the town. One part of that farm consisted of thirty-five acres of arable land, with a house, barn, and other buildings. With this part went eighteen acres of pasture. Bought in 1774, the cost of the property was £440, or §1465. In 1765 there were 327 houses in Braintree, occupied by 357 families. At the time of the war the number of houses may have increased to 400. That bought by John Adams was one of the better sort. Judging by the sum paid for it, an estimate of 8300 to a house and a family would seem to be liberal, for in the town there were some paupers and many poor people, who, living only, never accumulated anything. The owners of farms were accounted the rich men. The sum of $400,000 would thus represent the aggregate accu mulated wealth of Braintree in 1776. Such being the strength, — 450 men capable of bearing arms, with an accumulation of 8400,000 be hind them, — it remains to consider the burden. This is no less difficult correctly to estimate than the other. The rolls show, for instance, that Braintree furnished 1600 men for military duty in the course of the war, 342 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. besides a large number (of which there is no record) who served on the water. And, again, in one single year (1781) it assessed itself $600,000 to buy beef for the army and pay the town expenses. But the $600,000 were paid in paper currency, and the term of service of the men was apt not to exceed three days. Such figures only serve to falsify. During the Bevo- lution Braintree did not contribute either 1600 men or a million dollars, for the simple reason that her in habitants did not number the one or have the other. The drain was doubtless heavy enough, but it was at least limited by the total resources. In considering, then, the Braintree enlistments, those for short periods must be left out of the ac count. A service of one or two days in guarding the shore may have been a summer picnic, with an agreeable spice of danger, but in no sense was it war. The men engaged in that service were not soldiers. They were mere members of a posse com- itatus. The shorter enlistments also were of not much more value. Indeed, experience has shown that in actual war there is no more cruel way of wasting blood and treasure than sending to the field men en listed for a few weeks or months. Almost never are they of any real service. A Mr. Partridge, of Duxbury, one of a committee who waited on Washington in October, 1776, asked him whether enlistments for one year would not suf fice. He exclaimed in reply, " Good God ! gentle men, our cause is ruined if you engage men for only a year. You must not think of it. If we hope for success we must have men enlisted for the whole term of the war." This course was too Spartan ; the weaker, the more wasteful, and more murderous one of short enlistments was pursued. Accordingly, men were enlisted in Braintree for the Canada expe dition in 1776, for the Rhode Island expeditions in 1777 and 1778, and for the Penobscot expedition of 1779 ; others went down to garrison the castle in the harbor. Furnishing and equipping these men went far toward exhausting the town ; but it was playing at war. It was the three-year Continentals who did the work. They were at Long Island, and they were at Stony Point ; they forced Burgoyne's intrenehments, and captured Bahl's Hessians ; they bore the heat of Monmouth, and stormed the redoubt at Yorktown. This was war. The question is always, — How many of these men did the town put into the field ? Pic nics and summer promenades do not count. So also as regards taxes and supplies. That the stress on the towns during the Revolution was great is indisputable. They were called on for money and they were called on for men, for clothes, and for meat. But the figures are apt to be expressed in Continental currency. There was no financial, as there was no military, folly which the New England people did not commit during the Revolution. Throughout they showed that the town-meeting is ill adapted to war. They tried to make patriotism a substitute for the provost-guard. They issued false money. They regulated prices. They mobbed those who preferred not to exchange good merchandise for worthless paper. It was not in them to do what Frederick II. did in Prussia, — take the men they needed and the supplies they needed and finish up the work in hand, That would have been war. What tbey did was to campaign interminably under town-meeting inspira tion. As regards the actual money contributions of Braintree to the war of independence, the records are suggestive, but exasperatingly vague. They are full of votes alluding to reports and statements at the time made, but since lost. There are almost no exact fig ures. Even when supplemented by the State archives they fail to piece out the story. One thing is appa rent : the zeal of the early 1775 soon vanished. Not only in the years which followed could few recruits be obtained from among the townsmen, but they would not submit to a draft. In September, 1777, and again in June, 1780, the Braintree town-meeting formally voted to indemnify the militia officers for any fine they might incur by omitting to draft men when required so to do by the General Court. Commit tee after committee was then appointed to fill up the quota by going out to hunt up men in other towns. The inhabitants were finally divided into classes, and each class was called upon to somewhere secure its recruits. The poorest and worst material in the com munity was thus collected together and swept into the ranks. A large portion of the heroes of '76 were men of this stamp. In 1781, for instance, Capt. Joseph Baxter, one of the town recruiting committee, had a long wrangle with the selectmen of Boston over a wretched bounty-jumper named Williams. Roth parties claimed him as one of their quota. The Bos ton agents had given him fifteen guineas, and Capt. Baxter " was drove to the utmost extremity to prove the justness of his claim to said Williams, but finally obtained him." The records of the year 1780 indicate the most severe stress. They read as follows, the meeting being held in the Middle Precinct meeting house on the 27th of June. The motion was " To make an offer to such persons as will engage to go into the service. "After a considerable debate on the matter, it was " Voted, To give each man One Thousand Dollars as a QUINCY. 343 Bounty, also Half a Bushel of Corn for Every Day from the Time they march to the time they are discharged or leave the army; and also half a bushel of Corn for every Twenty miles they Bhall be from home when discharged; and also " Voted, That the town will pay them the forty shillings per month promised by the State, in hard money, if the soldiers en able the town to Receive the said 40/ from the State. Unless it will best sute the soldiers to Receive it from the State them selves. " Voted, The Selectmen should give Security to the persons that Bhall engage pursuant to the foregoing vote; and also the Selectmen Procure the Corn at Harvest, and Store it for the men until they return. " Genera] Palmer generously gave into the hands of themod- ' erator One Thousand and Eighty Dollars, to be equally divided among the thirty-six men that shall first engage in the six months' service as a Reinforcement to the Continental Army, For which the thanks of the Town were voted him. " The Familys of such men as shall engage for the Term of six months shall be supply'd by the Selectmen with Corn, wood, or such other articles as they stand in need of, which is to be charged and Reducted from the wages of that person, whioh is to be paid him in Corn upon his Returning home." At an adjourned meeting held the next day it was further voted to exempt from tax all notes issued by the town for money loaned it to procure men. Two later the town again met, and then "The Committee Reported that they had Inlisted thirty-one men, and that there was a prospect of Inlisting the other five men which is wanting to complete the first 36 men called for, and likewise a part or all the nine men Required. "General Palmer generously made the same offer to the nine men as he did to the 36 men, — that was thirty dollars each ; for which the Thanks of the Town was again Voted him." At an adjourned meeting, held on the 5th of July, it was, " after a Long Debate, Voted that the officers' pay, including the State's pay, be made equal to a Private." At another adjourned meeting on the 10th, " the Votes that was past on that day (5th) Concerning the officers' pay being all disannul'd and void, Voted, To give eaoh officer that shall go from this Town for the three months' service Four Hundred Dollars, being the same sum as was voted the soldiers as a Bounty ; also Voted the officers the same pay from the town, Exclusive of their other pay, as the Soldiers receive. Cap. Newcomb appeared to go upon the encourage ment." The calls for men were incessant until 1782. A new crop of fighting material had then matured, for the boy not yet twelve when the skirmish at Concord bridge took place was eighteen at the surrender of Yorktown. Between 1775 and 1782, as nearly as can now be estimated, Braintree sent into the field about 550 men, enlisted for periods of six months or over. The number of men, as well as the length of enlistment, varied with the different years. In 1775, for instance, besides militia to guard the coast, the town sent not less than 150 men, enlisted to the close of the year, into Washington's army about Boston. In 1776 about 120 men were furnished. In 1777 some seventy were enlisted for three years. In no year were less than forty sent, except in 1781, when the enlist ment appears to have been for four months only. Under this system the same men in the course of a seven- years' war may have enlisted several times. It is im possible, therefore, to even estimate the portion of Braintree's 650 arms-bearing men who actually served in the Continental army, though it is probably safe to say that the number did not fall below 300. For shorter terms and in the militia every man in town capable of bearing them bore arms. The average force of Continentals which the town kept in the field would seem to have been about seventy men. There is no record of the number of those who were wounded, or who died in battle or in camp. Neither do the figures which have been given include those who served on the sea. Indeed, it is only through incidental mention in the letters of Mrs. Adams that we even know that privateering was all the rage among the young men of Braintree. Yet not only did she so describe it in 1776, but five years later, in December, 1781, she sent to her hus band at the Hague the names of no less than twelve Braintree boys captured in the British Channel on the privateer " Essex," from Salem, and then con fined in Plymouth jail. " Ned Savil," "Job Field," and " Josiah Bass" were unmistakable North Precinct names, and doubtless many score of others saw service in this same way. Nor was it a service lightly to be spoken of. The supplies and munitions of war picked up by the Yankee privateers went far toward keep ing Washington's army in the field. So far, therefore, as men were concerned, it seems probable that the Revolutionary land and sea service combined kept at least a fourth part of the effective arms-bearing force of Braintree continually employed from 1775 to 1782. They were drawn away from all peaceful occupations, and, in place of being producers, they became consumers. What the consumption of the war amounted to now remains to be considered. During the three years prior to Lexington and Con cord — that is, between 1772 and 1774 — Braintree raised annually by taxation the sum of £150 pro vincial money, or $500, to meet current town ex penses ; the precinct or church levy being a distinct charge. In 1776 the sum of £1176 was raised under three separate votes. This, too, was in hard money, for even as late as December of that year silver was but ten per cent, premium. The next year the amount raised was £1500. Indian corn was still 344 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. *** only five shillings a bushel, its ordinary price being four shillings ; but rye had doubled, selling for twelve shillings, while rum had gone up from three to eight shillings, and molasses was not to be had. In May, 1778, the sum of £4000 was ordered to be assessed immediately, for in April a requisition in kind of shirts, shoes, and stockings had been made on the town. A similar requisition for blankets had been made in January, 1777. In June, 1779, another requisition of shirts, shoes, and stockings was made, the town to furnish " a number of these articles equal to one-seventh Part of the Male Inhabitants above the Age of sixteen years :" from which pos sibly it might be inferred that Braintree then had some ninety men in service. In January the select men had been ordered to procure one thousand bushels of grain for the town, and in November a levy of £6000 was voted " toward defraying the charges of the same." The currency was now fast losing its value, — how fast may be inferred from the fact that in place of the former allowance of two pence a head for killing old blackbirds, in May, 1780, the sum of thirty shillings was voted, while the three shillings a day for labor on the highways became seven pounds ten shillings. Indeed, there were no longer any quotable prices. Calico was from thirty to forty dollars per yard, molasses twenty dol lars a gallon, sugar four dollars a pound. In May, 1780, the selectmen were ordered to secure corn, so as to be prepared to give those who enlisted half a bushel of it a day instead of money. In July a requisition came for shirts, shoes, stockings, and blan kets, and another for horses ; in September a third for 23,400 pounds of beef, and in December yet a fourth for 44,933 additional pounds of beef. In August it was voted to raise £120,000, and in Octo ber £60,000 more. At the same time the selectmen were directed to " wait on Col. Quincy and know of him whether he will lend the Town a sum of hard money." He apparently did so ; though exactly how it was used or what became of it was subsequently a matter of curious inquiry and repeated investigation. But the paper money delusion was now over. The issues were discredited, and but half of the £200,000 assessment of 1780 was ever collected. In 1781 the sum of £1400 in specie was raised, and the town as usual was called on for beef and clothing in kind. In 1782 only £700 were raised, but the requisitions for men and supplies still came in. In March, 1783, the old record-book, which had served for fifty-two years, was full, and when he bought a new one the town clerk noted on its first page that its price was " Five Silver Dollars." In view of these requisitions in kind, and thi utter confusion of the currency, it is impossible t( say what the real money cost of the Bevolution was When peace at last came Braintree was heavily ii? debt. But its notes had shared the fate of the papef currencies in which they were payable. Some oi them were paid ; some were compromised ; some were repudiated. The annual tax levy, which be fore the war was only £150, after it became £1000.' The cases of individual hardship must have been many. Fortunately there were in those days few who lived on fixed incomes. Indeed, the minister was almost the only such person who could be sug gested. All others were dependent on their labor or the produce of their fields. Taxes and the in creased price of labor more than used up the whole profits of industry. During the entire Bevolutionary period the people were eating into their accumulated substance. Braintree, it has been seen, kept an average of seventy men in the Continental army, besides militia, and practically, of course, had to pay and supply them. This could not have been done at less than three shillings per day for each man. Consequently, at the lowest computation, the war of independence could not have cost the in habitants of Braintree less than $100,000 in money. It has been seen that $100,000 was probably equiva lent to at least one-fourth part of the entire accumu lation since the settlement of the town. That one- fourth part of the whole substance of the community should have been thus consumed in distant military operations seems incredible ; and the statement of the fact should cause in subsequent generations a realizing sense of the obstinate spirit of independence which nerved the patriot side. In 1786 the popula tion was not yet so large as it had been ten years before, in 1776, and a long period of terrible de pression followed the return of peace. The stress had indeed been great and the loss of men and means oppressive ; but none the less Braintree had been fortunate, — the war had never once crossed the boundary of the town. The military contribution of Braintree to the war of independence was limited to men and supplies. She furnished no officer who rose to high command, or evinced marked soldierly qualities. Deacon Joseph Palmer was commissioned brigadier-general, but, though a man of active nature and full of enter prise of a certain sort, Palmer was then sixty years of age. His campaigning days were past. Full of zeal, he was at Bunker Hill, and subsequently very active during the siege of Boston, but his largest experience was as commander of the Massachusetts QUINCY. 345 lontingent in the unfortunate " secret expedition" of ^September, 1777, planned to drive the British from Jhode Island. It is claimed that the wretched failure ¦)f the expedition was not to be laid at Gen. Palmer's loor ; but Mrs. Adams could not refrain from saying n a letter to her husband, — " I know you will be 'mortified, but if you want your arms crowned with ¦"Victory, you should not appoint what Gen. Gates jails dreaming deacons to conduct them." s During the later years of the struggle John Adams was absent from the country. In November, 1777, he had come home and then, while still at Braintree, been selected to represent the Congress in ^Europe. All arrangements having been made, the -''frigate " Boston" reported in Boston Harbor to carry -him abroad, and in February it lay at anchor in (Nantasket Roads. On the morning of the 13th, Mr. tAdams left his house at Penn's Hill, and accom- ipanied by his son John Quincy, now a boy of ten, drove down to Norton Quincy's, at Mount Wol- ilaston, on the Germantown road. His wife did not accompany him ; most probably she did not feel equal to so doing. Hardly had he got to Norton ; Quincy's when a boat from the frigate pulled up to the beach. In it was Captain Tucker, of the " Boston." Coming up to the house he joined Mr. Adams, who, after writing a few hurried lines to his wife, walked down to the shore, and, bidding good-by ¦to Norton Quincy, the party was rowed across the bay to the frigate. As the father and the young lad drew away from the familiar land, they could not but have cast homesick glances back to it ; for it was mid winter, and the British were masters of the sea. But "Johnny," his father wrote, behaved " like a man." Mr. Adams returned home the next year, reaching Braintree on the 2d of September. A week later a town-meeting was held for the purpose, among other things, of choosing delegates to the convention which was to meet at Cambridge, on the 1st of September, for the purpose of framing a State Constitution. It was voted to send only one delegate, and " the Honble. John Adams, Esq., was chosen for that purpose." While yet engaged in the work of drafting the Con stitution Mr. Adams was again sent abroad, and left Braintree on the 13th of November. On the 22d of the following May " the freeholders and other inhab itants of Braintree qualified to vote in the choice of a Representative" — so the record ran — met in the Middle Precinct meeting-house and made choice of Richard Cranch to the General Court ; at the same time " the male Inhabitants of said Town of the age of Twenty-one Years and upwards" were assembled to consider of the form of government agreed on by the convention. " The Form being Read, The Town thought proper to choose a Committee to take the same under consideration and Report upon the ad journment." A committee of fifteen was accordingly selected, with Gen. Palmer at its head. This was by no means the first time in recent years that the in habitants of Braintree had met to consider questions of fundamental law. And, indeed, nothing could be more characteristic than the formal and deliberate manner in which they uniformly approached the sub ject. They seemed fully impressed with its import ance. In February, 1778, the Articles of Confedera tion and Perpetual Union then drawn up by the Continental Congress had been submitted. The Braintree record states that in the town -meeting these articles were " distinctly and Bepeatedly read and maturely considered." They were approved except in one point. The action of the town upon this was significant, as showing how jealous the ordinary New Englander was of his local independence, and what a vast educational work then remained to be done be fore a stable Federal Constitution had any chance of adoption. It was provided in the Articles of Con federation that Congress should " have the sole and exclusive right and power of determining on peace or war." For this necessary provision the town of Brain tree formally submitted the following absurd substi tute : " The United States in Congress Assembled shall first obtain the approbation of the Legislative Body of each of the United States, or the major part of them, before they shall determine on peace or war." At this same time the General Court submitted a draft of a State Constitution which had been prepared by it for approval by the people. It was considered in a Braintree town-meeting held on the 13th of April. Having been read, it was referred to a com mittee of fifteen to take the same " under Consider ation and Report upon the adjournment." Capt. Peter B. Adams, a younger brother of John, was chairman of this committee. A month later it re ported that those composing it " did not approve" of the proposed government, and "it being put to the members present, thirteen was in favor of the form, seventy-four against it." Gen. Palmer's committee had the Constitution of 1780 under consideration for two weeks. It then re ported " sum alterations and amendments, which being read to the Town was Voted and axcepted." Gen. Palmer was then chosen a delegate, in place of John Adams, to attend the convention which was to perfect the draft. The first election under the Constitution was held on the 4th of the following September, and 346 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. in Braintree 106 votes were cast for Governor, of which John Hancock received 95, and James Bow doin 1 1 . Richard Cranch was four weeks later chosen the first representative. The following year only 62 votes were cast, and in 1782 only 94. In the last- named year the vote between Hancock and Bowdoin was a tie; but in 1783, Benjamin Lincoln received 87 votes to 14 cast for Hancock. The war was now over, and the people of Braintree, in common with the rest of the State, were feeling the full effects of the reaction which followed it. There had been a com plete financial collapse ; business and enterprise were dead, and labor was in comparatively little demand. The utmost discontent prevailed, and an inferior set of political leaders made their appearance. It was the time which preceded Shay's insurrection. Yet, so far as the record shows, the town of Braintree had now fallen back into the old accustomed ways. The regular town-meeting was held, and the usual action taken at it. The great question of the day related to finances. They were in extreme confusion. The valuation for work done on the highways had fallen from £7 10s. a day in 1780 to three shillings now, and in the collection of taxes a dollar in silver was ordered to be accepted in lieu of $120 in Continental currency. The schools had been reopened, and though the Committee of Safety was still in existence, its work had ceased. But there was one subject, be sides the town debts and the badness of the times, which now worried Braintree. The General Court had passed an act determining the legal limits of the Sabbath. Accordingly the warrant for the March meeting of 1783 contained an article " that the town may advise thereon and act as they shall think most agreeable to the Sacred Law of God." When the meeting had assembled, Deacon Holbrook, of the Mid dle Precinct, was chosen moderator, and a vote was passed " that it should be deemed a disorder for any person to go upon the seats in the meeting-house with their feet." Finally the article relating to the Lord's Day was referred to a committee of seven, of which Joshua Hayward was chairman. The report of this committee was presented at an adjourned meeting, and, after two readings, was accepted and approved. No extract can do justice to it. As the criticism of a town- meeting upon a solemn legislative act, it is unique and characteristic : "That it is the humble opinion of your Committee that u strict and religious observation of the Lord's day is one of the greatest caracteristicks of a Christian People, that the supreme monarch of the Universe hath an indisputable Right to ordain Laws binding all his rational beings in an absolute Sovereign manner, that this Great Governor of the world hath revealed to man, that he hath made a special Reservation of one whole natural day out of seven for himself, which (according to tin sacred Scriptures and the confesion of the most Learned part of the world) consists of twenty-four hours, wherein all our secu lar consearns ought in the most desent and devout manner be folded up to give way to the more important service of divine worship and adoration, and all our Laws and conceits of things ought to be regulated by scripture and not according to the Phil- osiphy of the heathen or the superstieious opinions or traditioDS of man, and when the Laws of any Kingdom or State co-operate with and are agreeable to the Commands of the great Law giver then and only then may such communetees expect to enjoy di- vine favours and blessings, prosperity in this and eternal hap. piness in a future state of existance ; your Committee acknowl edge it was surprizeing to them that our honourable Court should at this day when we are just amerging from the horrors of a most barbarous and unparraled war curtail a part of the forth Com- mendment by tolerating secular concerns or servile Labour to be carried on six hours of the same to the great disturbance of every sober and Consciencious Person in this State for no other Reasons saith the Honourable Court than that because their are defirant opinions among the sober and Consciencious Per sons of the same Concerning the commencement of the sabath and lest they should be thought to lay unnecessary restrictions on the subject. "A very slender excuse indeed to whom ought we to hearken to the Great Governor of the world or to the Voice of the sober and consciencious People, a semmilar excuse once was given by a King of Gods antient People for his disobedience of a special command because he feared the people but the inspired Profits Introgative was hath the Lord as great dilght in burn offerings and sacrifice as in obeying the Voice of the Lord behold to obey it better than sacrifice aud to hearken than the fat of Rambs. We cannot conceive that the diference of opinion or the fear of the People ought to cause an abolition of that sacred command ye fourth Commandment but that it ought to have it due extent at one end or the other, perhaps in some future day this sober and Consciencious party may request an other part of six hours more to be abolished and so on, untill that Great and most In teresting command becomes null and void, not by the traditions of men, but by the Law of the State, to draw to a close in as con cise a manner as a thing of so great weight and Importance will admit of your Committee are of opinion that a Remonstrance be preferred to the aforesaid honourable Court when assembled that there may be a revision of and amendment of the above cited Law that their be no part of the fourth Commandment abolished by Law but that it may have its full extent as re vealed to us in the Sacred Scriptures that thereby the Blessings of him who hath ever held an holy jealousy over his Sabath may decend on this Continent and on every State of the same is the sincere wish of,your Committee." The next formal instructions approved by the town were three years later, when, in the summer of 1786, the State was seething with that spirit of discontent which a few months afterwards culminated in Shay's rebellion. There can be no question that individually the people of Braintree then felt very poor. Those who could had borrowed at usurious interest to pay taxes, and now no one had any ready money. The town debt apparently was not large. A few thousand dollars in hard money would have discharged the whole of it. There was, for instance, an amount of QUINCY. 347 £150 due to the estate of Col. Quincy, which ran along for sixteen years, from 1775 to 1791. There was another of £84 due to Capt. John Vinton, which' was adjusted, in 1786, only after " extra ordinary trouble and expense." Another note of £84 was in the hands of Deacon Moses French. In 1791 the treasurer was authorized to borrow a sum not exceeding two hundred pounds for the pur pose of discharging the town debts. Each of these . settlements was attended with much vexatious liti- : gation. The lenders had first taken the select men's security for the repayment of their loans, and afterwards time-notes of the town treasurer. The currency had then depreciated. The collectors had been unable to get the taxes in, and had defaulted. • One owed the town a balance of nearly two hundred and fifty pounds. This was in 1785. Again, in 1791, John Vinton, as one of the bondsmen of Gaius Thayer, then collector, came forward in town-meeting and announced that Thayer was likely to fall short in his payments, and he was then in the hands of an ofticer on two executions issued by the town treas urer ; and the town thereupon voted that the assessors should " consult any gentleman learned in the law respecting the aforesaid difficulty." Under these circumstances Braintree seems to have shared to the full in the general discontent, and in May, 1786, after choosing its representative, a committee of nine was appointed to prepare instructions for him. This committee was further directed to present these in structions to the town " for their approbation pre vious to their being delivered to the representative." Accordingly, at the adjourned meeting three weeks later the instructions were submitted, and, in the words of the record, " were debated upon untill it was dark in the house, and the inhabitants Dispersed without passing any Vote whatever." Ten days later a special town-meeting was summoned to further consider the instructions, and a new committee of five was appointed. The town was now clearly bent on action, for it gave its committee thirty minutes only in which to consider the subject. At the end of that time the moderator called the meeting to order, and the committee submitted its report. The town's representative was thereupon instructed to use his efforts to secure the following results : 1st. To remove the Court from Boston. 2dly. To Tax all Public Securities. 3dly. To Tax money on hand and on Interest. 4thly. To Lower the Sallery of place men. 5thly. Make Land a Tender for all debts at the Price it stood at when the debts were contracted. 6thly. To take some measure to prevent the growing Power of attorneys or Barristers at Law. This was in July. In September following, three months before Shay's outbreak, these instructions were more fully matured at another town-meeting. In their final shape they breathed the full commun istic spirit of the time, and contrast singularly with the better papers of ten years before. A new set of men had come forward in town affairs who could neither write English nor grasp principles of political action. They accordingly now indulged in the fol lowing rhetorical bombast : " The clouds are gathering over our heads pregnant with the most gloomy aspects, we abhor and detest violent measures. To fly to Clubs or Armes, to divert the impending Ruin the consequences of which would render us easy victims to foreign and inveterate foes. No as Loyal Subjects and Cytizens inflamed with true Patriotism we feel ourselves chearfully willing to lend our aid at all times in supporting the dignity of Govern ment, but in as much as there are numerous Grievances or in tolerable Burthens by some means or other lying on the Good Subjects of this republic. Our Eyes under Heaven are upon the Legislature of this Commonwealth and their names will Bhine Brighter in the American annals by preserving the in valuable Liberties of their own People than if they ware to Cary the Terror of their Armes as far as Gibralter.'' Then followed in ten specifications a statement of the grievances complained of, and the remedies sug gested therefor. These it is needless to repeat. What the people peculiarly objected to was paying their debts. The machinery through which debts were collected was consequently peculiarly obnoxious to them. In regard to it they expressed themselves as follows : "2dly. That the Court of Common Pleas and the General sessions of the Peace be removed in perpetuam reiMemoriam. "6thly. We humbly request that there may he such Laws compiled as may crush or at least put a proper check or restraint on that order of Gentlemen denominated Lawyers, the comple tion of whos modern conduct appears to us to tend rather to the distraction than the preservation of this Commonwealth." Yet in this matter, also, the town-meeting would seem to have served as a safety-valve. The dis content, for which some ground did exist, there found expression, and the people felt better for it. The spirit of dissatisfaction at least had its say. Afterwards, when the time for decisive action came, the town arrayed itself on the right side. In Decem ber came news of the disturbances in the western counties and the adjournment of courts confronted by bayonets and hickory clubs. On the 12th of Jan uary Governor Bowdoin's appeal to law-abiding citi zens was issued, and the Suffolk militia were called out. In a few hours a company was organized at Brackett's Corner, in Braintree North Precinct, and on the 19th of January it marched away, as part of Col. Badlam's regiment, towards the Connecticut. 348 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. It was composed of thirty-eight men besides the offi cers, and upon the roll are found all the old Braintree names. On the 22d of the following February these men were disbanded at Northampton, and the expense incurred by the State on their account was £154 9s. 4d. The vigorous action of the authorities had put down the rioters ; but the depth of discontent may be in ferred from the popular odium which seems to have attached to the authorities for so doing. Take Brain tree, for instance. In April, 1786, Governor Bowdoin had received there 41 votes, — all that were cast. One year later, having in the mean time actually saved civil government to the State, he received 40 votes, and Gen. Lincoln, his military agent in the work of suppression, 3, while his opponent, Hancock, had 181. Yet time, in which to let matters adjust themselves, was all that now was needed. Twelve months later, when John Adams returned from England, after nine years of absence, he spoke of the increase of population as " wonderful." As compared with what he had seen in Europe, he was amazed at the plenty and cheapness of provisions, though the scarcity of money was cer tainly very great. The industries of the country he found in a much better condition than he expected. Politically the state of affairs was less to his taste, and he wrote that " the people in a course of annual elec tions had discarded from their confidence almost all the old, staunch, firm patriots who conducted the Bevolution, and had called to the helm pilots much more selfish and much less skillful." The Braintree records bear testimony to the correctness of his judg ment. For the next few years no matters of considerable importance would seem to have engaged the atten tion of the town. The people were hard at work repairing the losses of war. The question of the annexation of Squantum and that portion of Dor chester south of the Neponset again came up. The division of Suffolk County was agitated. How best to take care of the poor was a standing subject for debate. One party wished to build a poor-house and provide for them in it. In 1785 this party car ried their point, and the town ordered that an alms house should be built " in the form of a Barrack, to be thirty-three feet in length and sixteen feet wide." But the other party succeeded in having this vote reconsidered at another meeting, held during the same month. The next spring, the almshouse people found themselves again a majority, and they not only voted the building but clinched the matter by adding that this vote should not be reconsidered at any future meeting unless one hundred and seventy-three mem bers of the town were there present. This was a new principle introduced into the conduct of town business, No such restriction on the power of a town-meeting had ever been attempted before, and it is a matter of surprise that no one recorded his dissent to it now, But under this vote the almshouse was built and the town poor moved into it, the overseer receiving £3 10s. for his services the first year, and his sue- cessor £6 for the second year. The need of a reorganization of the schools also began to make itself felt. In 1790 an attempt was made to divide the town into districts. A committee was appointed to consider the matter, but its re port, when it made one, was rejected, and the town decided to go on in the old way. It accordingly ap propriated £150 for " schooling" during that year, and ordered" that there be a Gramer School keept nine months, three in each precienct beginning in the North and so on to the Middle and South, which will include all the time to next march, such a Master to be agreed with as will be willing to Teach english as well as Latten, and also to teach wrighting and Cypering." That at this time the town felt unusually poor may be inferred from the fact that the warrant for the March meeting of the following year contained an article " to see if it be the minds of the Town that all Town Officers that may be chosen this year serve without any pay from the Town." Though the tenth and last article in the warrant, this was first taken up, and, " after a considerable debate," a division wa6 called for. Whereupon, the record says, " the House divided. 98 against paying and 99 for paying ; so it was Voted that the Town officers should be paid." The action of April, 1790, adverse to the division of the town into school districts, seems to have caused great discontent in the North Precinct. Those living there felt that they were numerous enough and suffi ciently prosperous to have a school of their own. They naturally did not like sending their children, during three of the nine months' yearly schooling, two miles away to the Middle Precinct, and, during another three months, four miles away to the South Precinct. Yet the only alternative to so doing, under the arrangement which the town had voted, was to give the children but three months' schooling a year ; and this was what the vote really meant. Accord ingly, the question of political separation, first agi tated eighty years before and which had now slept for over thirty years, was again discussed. There was an article relating to it in the town warrant for May 10, 1790. After considerable debate, it was then dismissed. In the latter part of that year one hundred and twenty inhabitants of the North Pre- QUINCY. 349 cinct, and fifteen inhabitants of that portion of Dor chester and Milton lying immediately south of the Neponset, joined in a petition to the General Court that the regions in which they lived might be incor porated together as a distinct town. The petition came before the Senate for its action in January, 1791. While it was still pending a Braintree town- meeting was called to consider it. The struggle between the precincts took place over the choice of moderator, and the record says that " after a long dispute it was finally voted to chuse the moderator by ballot and Maj. Stephen Penniman was chosen by 93 votes out of 152." In other words, the Middle and South precincts were united against the North, and outnumbered it. A committee of six was then chosen to appear before the Legislature by counsel to oppose the division of the town, and its representative was instructed to use his influence to the same end. Nor did the other precincts desist from their opposition to the inevitable so long as opposition to it could be made. The dislike to any thing which looks like political dismemberment seems ingrained. In the case of New England it is diffi cult to say which the people most objected to — the surrender of local independence through consolidation or the supposed loss of local influence through sepa ration. Action towards either has never failed to awaken a conservative feeling, which saw nothing but political disaster in not keeping things exactly as they then were. This was the experience of Braintree in 1791 ; and in September of that year another town- meeting was held which voted to put forth one last effort before the legislative committee in behalf of the ancient limits. It was unavailing. On the 22d of February, 1792, one hundred and fifty-two years lacking only three months, after its origioal incorpo ration as Braintree, the North Precinct was set off, and ordered to be called by the name of Quincy. The act, also, was signed, as Governor of the State, by John Hancock, who had himself been born, brought up, and married in the territory thus made a town. It has already been explained how the name of Quincy chanced to be selected. At the time the choice was not wholly satisfactory. Governor Hancock was then at the height of that personal popularity which he enjoyed in Massachusetts to a degree which no other public man has since equaled, and there were those who did not forget that he was a native of the North Precinct. They wanted the new town to be named after him. Bichard Cranch, who, it will be remembered, had selected the name of Quincy, was at this time, and in the absence of John Adams, the leading citizen of the town, for Gen. Palmer had been overtaken by financial disaster, and was now dead. Born in England in 1726, Mr. Cranch came to Mas sachusetts before he had yet attained his majority. In 1851 he became interested in the Germantown land speculation, and nine years later he married the eldest daughter of Parson Smith, of Weymouth, whose sister, Abigail, two years later, in 1764, be came the wife of John Adams. Consequently, Mr. Cranch and John Adams were brothers-in-law, and their wives were granddaughters of Col. John Quincy. Hence, probably, the selection of the name. Mr. Cranch, after representing Braintree repeatedly in the General Court, had been in the State Senate. Subsequently he was a judge of the Court of Common Pleas, as well as Quincy's first post master ; but his name is now chiefly remembered through his son and among lawyers, in connection with that series of reports which contain the early decisions of Marshall. Mr. Cranch was the justice of the peace designated by name in the act incorporating the new town to warn its first town-meeting. It was held on the 8th of March, 1792, and the usual officers were chosen. Maj. Ebenezer Miller was put at the head of the board of selectmen, showing that his former Church and Tory proclivities were not remembered against him. At the meeting in May for the choice of a representative the question of the town name was brought up, and a strong effort made to have it changed. After what is reported to have been a long and somewhat heated discussion, it was voted by a narrow majority not to take up the article in the warrant relating to that matter. This settled the question ; and the name of Quincy, thus preserved, has since been multi plied and made familiar in connection with other and larger towns in regions which had then been hardly explored. The political history of Quincy as recorded in the town-books during the thirty-eight years which next ensued shows few points of general interest. It was -a period of peace. The people had in a great degree made good the losses of the war, and they were in tent on bettering their condition. Year after year the town offices were filled, the regular appropriations made, new roads laid out, and local questions dis cussed. One generation went off the stage ; another i came upon it. Richard Cranch and Ebenezer Miller gave place to Benjamin Beale and Thomas Greenleaf. An almshouse was built on the old Coddington farm in 1815 at a cost of $1973.18 ; and when in the same year the town hall and school-house was burnt down, it was presently rebuilt at a cost of $2100. Through long years the question of where the new 350 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. building should stand — whether " adjoining the bury ing-ground," or " adjoining Mr. Quincy's sheds," or " north of Mr. Burrell's house," or " opposite the en gine-house" — was earnestly discussed. Finally it was placed next the burying-ground. It was then only eight years since this had been inclosed. In it lay the bones and dust of four generations that had lived and died in the North Precinct. It stood by the side of the Plymouth road, an open and uncared for com mon, in which the swine ran at large and cattle grazed. Nor was there in this apparent desecration anything offensive to New England eyes. The gravestones were rooted up by hogs and trodden down by cows ; the children played among them : but it had been so from the beginning, and that it should be so now wronged no one's sense of fitness. On points such as these the fathers were the reverse of refined, and another generation had to grow up with a nicer sense of decency before the graveyard was fenced in. At last, in 1809, a number of the inhabitants bought up the rights of passage, herbage, and pasturage on the bit of ground in which their ancestors lay, and, through John Quincy Adams and Josiah Quincy, deeded it to the town to be thereafter " set aside as exclusively a place of human burial." But incidentally the records of eighty and ninety years ago are apt to be suggestive. They reveal con ditions which seem to have a middle-age flavor. For instance, in 1792 it was voted " to have Hospitals in town for the purpose or benefit of those who chuse to have the smallpox." And again, in 1809, at a special town-meeting, the subject of vaccination was discussed, and, after prolonged debate, the majority decided against it. Piracy, or, as it was more deli cately called, privateering, had strong attractions then for the more adventurous spirits. The United States was at peace with the world, but England and France were at war; accordingly, on August 12, 1793, just as the French reign of terror began, Benjamin Beale, Richard Cranch, and Moses Black were made a stand ing committee " to see that there be not any privateers fitted out from this place by any of the Citizens of the United States or others against any of the belig- erent powers, in order that a strict neutrality be kept between us and them." Having thus disposed of international questions, local affairs next occupied the attention of the town, and the hours were fixed at which " for the future the Bell tole on Sunday for beginning divine service." A few years later, in 1804, the singers are granted twenty-five dollars " to pro cure a bass viol for the use of the congregation ;" and in 1818, Mr. Daniel Hobart is " authorized and di rected to keep the boys in order in the meeting-house on Sundays." All, be it remembered, by formal votes of the town-meeting. The separation of the precincts had thus once more united town and parish, and the political and religious organization fell naturally back to just what it was a whole century before. The town again regulated every detail of church management. In 1810 the se lectmen were " authorized to appoint a sexton and to mark out his duty ;" and two years later it was made a part of the sexton's duty " to ring the bell at twelve o'clock at noon and nine o'clock at night." The bell by the way, gave the town a great deal of trouble, and was long a matter for town-meeting debate and inves tigation. In 1810 the old bell was discarded, and a new one ordered of Col. Paul Revere. The result was not satisfactory, and in August a town-meeting was warned to consider the matter. A committee of three was then appointed " for the purpose of examining the new bell to see if they can find out where the fault is in it respecting the sound." Another and larger bell was then ordered ; but when it was cast its weight became a matter of grave alarm, and yet an other committee had to be appointed to ascertain if the belfry was strong enough to support it. Not until 1817 was the subject finally disposed of. The church singing was also matter of grave dis cussion. The introduction of " the bass viol" in 1804 had only led to new demands from the choir, and in 1821 the question was agitated whether it would not be well to have the selectmen hire a " professed Mas ter of Sacred Musick." A committee was appointed to consider the subject, at the head of which was T. B. Adams, son of John Adams, then a man of fifty and a judge of the Court of Common Pleas. Presently this committee made a report, in which occurs the fol lowing quaint and suggestive passage : " The Association [of singers] is voluntary and not exclusive of any who belong to the Town, and no one has authority to select and discriminate between the qualified, or such as by instruction might become so, and such as have neither capacity to learn or voice to execute in a choir of singers. This is ad mitted to be an embarrassment and an obstacle to the advance ment of the Singing Society in improvement, which they all feel, without being able to apply the needful remedy; and as that por tion of the services and solemnities of the Sanctuary which de pends on their performance is considered by many not merely an act of devotion which may be done indifferently or any fow so that the Psalm be sung, but as a very delightful exercise, calculated to impose solemnity, and tc-exoite or inspire sentiments becom ing the temple of worship, they are peculiarly desirous that an opportunity be given of calling to their aid the talent and abili ties which are liberally possessed by the youth of both sexes in our Congregation.'' This presentation of the case seems to have been decisive. The town accepted the report, and voted two hundred dollars for the purpose in question, the QUINCY. 351 same to be expended by a special committee composed of the selectmen and " Capt. Josiah Bass, Thomas B. Adams, Esq., and Edward Miller, Esq." Edward Miller was the son of Maj. Ebenezer Miller, and the family had for the time being, under pressure of the "suspect" vote of 1777, abandoned the ancestral place of worship, wisely identifying itself with the people among whom its lot was cast. The salary of the minister also engaged the atten tion of the town hardly less during this period than it had a century and a half before, in the days of Parson Tompson. Mr. Whitney had always re ceived five hundred dollars a year, to which the town by annual vote had been in the custom of adding a further sum of one or two hundred dollars. In 1808 Mr. Whitney asked to have his salary increased to eight hundred dollars, but the request was not com plied with. In April, 1811, he addressed another letter lo his parishioners on the subject, which is in teresting in several ways. It will be remembered that in 1657 a committee appointed to inquire concerning the maintenance of ministers in the towns near Bos ton had reported that in Dorchester Mr. Mather was allowed one hundred pounds per annum ; in Dedham, Mr. Allen was allowed sixty pounds ; in Roxbury, Mr. Elliot and Mr. Danforth were each allowed sixty pounds; and in Braintree, Mr. Flynt and Mr. Tompson each fifty-five pounds. There were then eighty fami lies in Braintree. In 1811, one hundred and fifty-four years later, Quincy numbered about two hundred and fifty families. Mr. Whitney then wrote to them as follows : "Taking the two parishes in Dorchester, one in Dedham, the Town of Milton, two parishes in Hingham, and the offer they have made in Braintree, the average amount of the sallaries they give is nine hundred and twenty-seven dollars per annum. . . . The sum I propose is eight hundred and sixty dollars paid punctually at the end of every quarter; or eight hundred and eighty dollars at the close of the year. It will be recol lected that the proposition I made to the town three years since was only eight hundred dollars. In exceeding that sum at the present time I have been influenced by two considera tions. One is, as has been already observed, the information I have received from some of my brethren, whose salary is nine or ten hundred dollars per annum, that they can but barely live on their annual income. The other is that you may have an opportunity of exceeding Braintree in the salary you giveyour minister; for I think no inhabitant of Quincy would deem it respectable to be surpassed in this respect by that town." The last argument was ingenious, but the town failed to respond. The committee to which Mr. Whitney's letter was referred reported in most affec tionate language that the pastor's request was wholly reasonable, and that his " sallary was inadequate to his suitable maintenance;" but in view of " the uncer tain and fluctuating state of our public affairs, the great embarrassment, under which we at present suffer, and the threatening prospect of still greater," a postponement of the question was recommended. A vote of three hundred dollars additional salary for the current year was then passed. The "threatening prospect" in public affairs here alluded to was the impending war with Great Britain of 1812-14. Quincy was a Federalist town. John Adams, true to his old patriotic and Revolutionary instincts, was an earnest supporter of the Madison administration, which his son, John Quincy, was then representing at St. Petersburg ; but his townsmen were on the other side. Warm passages used to occur. Nearly seventy years afterwards a Quincy boy of that time gave, the following entertaining account of one such passage. It is merely necessary to premise that the gentleman referred to in it was a near neigh bor of Mr. Adams', and in his time the most useful citizen of Quincy. Of him more will be said presently : " I remember very well at a social dinner-party in time of the war, when the political element ran perhaps as high as ever it did, that I had the honor as well as pleasuro to stand behind the President's chair as waiter. Directly on his left was seated Thomas Greenleaf, a violent Federalist, who was bearing down upon the old gentleman with more zeal than discretion. The President bore it as long as be could, when he raised his left hand and, instead of bringing it down on Mr. Greenleaf's head, which he might perhaps have done with as much propriety, he brought it down upon the table near him with a force that made the plates and glasses rattle, and exclaimed in a voice that could not be misunderstood, ' Tom Greenleaf, hold your tongue ! you are always down on me when there is no occasion for it.' The scene which followed reminds me of that passage which says, 'There was silence in Heaven for half an hour.'" But at this time Mr. Greenleaf represented much more nearly than the old ex-President what was the prevailing political sentiment in Quincy. At every annual election from 1812 to 1815, Governor Strong polled nearly three votes to his opponent's one. His smallest majority was in 1812, when he had one hun dred and twenty-seven votes to fifty-nine cast for Elbridge Gerry. The second war with Great Britain accordingly left no more marks than the old French wars on the town record-book ; and, indeed, owing to the disloyal and almost treasonable action of the State government, the local militia were called out but twice, marching once to South Boston and once to Cohasset. An absurdly large town bounty, in addition to the State pay, was voted to those called into service in June, 1814 ; but one short experience sufficed, and in December this vote was " so far repealed as not to operate in future." Yet at this time the uneasiness was great in the seaport towns. The British ships of war were always hovering on the coast, and in the 352 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. autumn a flotilla ascended the Connecticut, destroying more than a score of vessels. Edmund Quincy, in his life of his father, has vividly reproduced the sensa tions in those days of the dwellers on Quincy Bay : "A general sense of persona] insecurity prevailed all along the sea-board. . . In these apprehensions the family at Quincy had good reason to share. For the estate bounds on the ocean, and the fears of boat attacks and foraging parties which had haunted the roof thirty years before returned again to dis turb its repose. Every ship enters and leaves the port of Bos ton in full view of the windows of the house, and it may well be believed that a sharp lookout was kept up in the direction of the light-house. The first naval spectacle discerned from that post of observation, however, was a memorable and an auspi cious one. It was the entrance of the ' Constitution' into the harbor, on the 29th of August, 1812, after the capture of the ' Guerriere.' . . . Toward evening the frigate (recognized as the ' Constitution') came in under full sail, and dropped her anchor beside Rainsford Island, — then the Quarantine Ground. The next morning a fleet of armed ships appeared off Point Alder- ton. As they rapidly approached, the ' Constitution' was ob served to raise her anchor and sails, and go boldly forth to meet the apparent enemy; but, as the frigate passed the leader of the fleet, a friendly recognition was exchanged, instead of the ex pected broadside. They joined company, and the ' Constitution' led the way to Boston. It was the squadron of United States ships, then commanded by Commodore Rodgers, unexpectedly returning from a long cruise. "A few days afterwards, Hull, who had just taken the ' Guer riere,' came with Decatur to breakfast at Quincy. This breakfast is one of the earliest of my own recollections. I was a ¦very little child, but I remember perfectly well sitting on Decatur's knee, playing with his dirk, and looking up at his handsome face, the beauty of which struck even my childish eyes, and which I still seem to see looking at me from out the far past. . . There was a current belief that the British, should they propose making an attack on Boston, would land on my father's estate or thereabouts, and so take the town in flank. . . . The opinion was sufficiently prevalent with the au thorities to induce them to station a body of militia on the left bank of the river Neponset, separating Quincy from Dorches ter, which was selected as the first point of defence should such an invasion be attempted. This circumstance materially in creased the uneasiness inseparable from the exposed situation of the family at Quincy. As I have already related, every ship that enters or leaves the harbor can be seen from the windows of the house. And as the triumphant entry of Hull in the ' Con stitution,' after his victory over the ' Guerriere,' had been dis cerned from that post of observation, so was the departure of Lawrence in the 'Chesapeake' on his fatal quest of the 'Shan non,' — doomed to ' give up the ship,' but only with his life; and with the telescope ' the meteor-flag of England' could be seen from time to time flying at the masthead of men-of-war that prowled about the mouth of the harbor, so that it was no idle fear which suggested the probability of a midnight visit from a party of foragers or pillagers to that solitary shore. " One Sunday there was an alarm that the enemy had landed at Scituate, a dozen miles away. The news was announced in the meeting-house during Divine service. -The congregation was dismissed at once, and the village was all astir with excite ment. The bell rang, the drums beat to arms, and the volun teer companies marched to meet the enemy. It is unnecessary to say that they did not find him. ... I suppose it vfas on the Sunday following this false alarm that the militia com panies, in uniform, attended service to return thanks for their escape from the assaults of their enemies; though it may have been after some more real and nearer danger. But the circum stance made a deep impression on my young mind by the de. lightful variety it gave to the usual monotony of Sunday. " My father, too, opposed as he was to the war, yielded to no one in determination to defend the soil of Massachusetts should it be invaded by an enemy. He assisted in the formation of a fine troop of volunteer cavalry, called the Boston Hussars con sisting chiefly, if not entirely, of Federal gentlemen, of which he was elected captain. . . He used to be concerned lest the enemy might land between Quincy and Boston, and thus cut him off from his command." It was at this time that the town appointed a com mittee to confer with similar committees of the towns of Hingham and Weymouth, to devise " some meas ures for the safety and protection of this and those towns against the assaults of the enemy." Rut the enemy did not come, and the actual contribution of Quincy to the burden of the war of 1812 was prac tically limited to the sum paid in bounties and a spe cial State tax of nine hundred dollars. One coasting schooner also, owned in the town, while on her way from the Penobscot to Quincy, was boarded off Glou cester from an ambitious privateer out of that port, and, after some " ferocious conduct" on the part of the captors, was carried into Marblehead. What indi viduals from among the youth of Quincy may have served on the Niagara frontier or fought in the naval battles of Hull, Decatur and Bainbridge nowhere appears. The official record of the town in this war is unpleasantly meagre. The sum raised by taxation for town expenses in 1815 was $4000, and this included the expenses of the church. The growth of the appropriation was very slow. In 1792 it had been £350, or $1160, of which £75 had been on account of the schools. Of these there was now one, — the srrammar school at i o the centre, — while the germs only of outlying district schools were to be found. By 1800 the annual ap propriations had increased to $2100, and thence to $3300 in 1810. In 1820 they were $4000. Four years later the town was separated from the parish, and accordingly the appropriation for that year fell to $2800. In 1829 it was $3500. Perhaps a fourfold increase in forty years. Up to 1824 the great items of expense were the church, the schools, and the town poor ; after 1824 they were the schools and the poor. These have both been elsewhere referred to. It has been seen that the cost of maintaining the town poor then was out of all proportion to what it has been since. In 1812, for instance, $1000 was raised for that purpose, while only $785 was raised for the schools and $800 for the church. In 1813 the poor cost $1665, or as much as both the schools ($800) and the church QUINCY. 353 ($850) combined. A reform was then instituted, , and in 1819 the schools cost $1000, while the church cost $850, and the poor had been reduced to $770. Iu 1824 their cost had been still further reduced to $628, while that of the schools had risen to $1150 ; but the poor yet occasioned one quarter part of the whole tax levy. Meanwhile the highway tax did not ' appear in the estimates at all, for it was still, as in 1766, paid in kind, or, as the vote of April, 1825, read, " For each Day's work one Dollar, for each yoke of oxen one dollar per Day, for each Horse and Cart one dollar per Day, for each plow fifty cents per ; Day, and for each ox-Cart twenty-five cents per day." 1 In 1829 the total assessment was $3668. Of this, $1563 was on account of the schools, the master at the centre grammar school receiving $500, for which sum ; regularly paid he had, it has already been seen, agreed ¦ four years previously to " give up all other business and devote his whole time to the school.." The school com- 1 mittee was further allowed $5 for " ink and brooms," which were all the " incidentals" then recognized, and $60 for fuel. The district schools were allowed from $30 to $120 each. For their services as selectmen, assessors, and overseers of the poor, Messrs. Souther, : Wood, and Taylor received respectively $70.28, $30.14, and $25.68. For the repair of highways $600 was deemed sufficient. One thousand dollars, or nearly a fourth part of the whole, was appropriated to the support of the poor. Such were the simplicity and economy of a town which now counted a population of 2200 souls, and which was at last rapidly growing in wealth, for its assessed valuation in 1830 exceeded $800,000. The burden of taxation, when compared either with popu lation or wealth, was scarcely a sixth part of what it afterwards became, and the amount appropriated for the education of each child in the public schools, which half a century later was sixteen dollars a year, was then but three. Without entering into any comparison of the schools or the roads of 1830 with those of 1880, it may confidently be asserted that the years between 1810 and 1830 were in Quincy the golden period of the old Massachusetts town government. Never before had it been so strong, so pure, and so systematic as then ; never had it done its work so well. It was, in fact, an absolutely model government " of the people, by the people, for the people." That this was so was due in part to the condition of the town itself, and partly to the influence of one man. In 1810 the population of Quincy was still thoroughly homogeneous ; and it had not ceased to be so in 1830. It was the original Massachusetts stock ; 23 the people were the children of the soil. They still followed the old, simple vocations. They were cither the tillers of the soil, or the citizens and tradespeople who did the work and supplied the wants of those who tilled the soil. They were a single religious so ciety, and worshiped in one meeting-house. Each knew the others ; they were almost members of the same family. The political family had not become too nu merous. It numbered about 1300 in 1810, and about 2200 in 1830. As respects worldly condition those composing it were not far separated. No one was rich, and most of those who took any part in town affairs were well to do. There was no alien element ; that is, no one lived in the town and had interests outside of it. The town partook also of the spirit of that era of good feeling which followed on the war of 1812. The old Federal party was then absorbed in the party which supported the administration of Monroe, until at last during the six years 1825-30 the opposition in Quincy never threw more than nine votes on election day, and in 1828-29 it was limited to a single vote. The largest- vote the town ever threw before 1831 was 217 in 1824, when Governor Eustis was chosen. It then gave a heavy majority to the defeated Federalist candidate ; a parting salute, as it were, fired over the grave of that political party. Then followed the Presidential election of 1825, and every vote cast (140) was for the Adams electoral ticket. Nor did the Jackson De mocracy obtain any foothold in the town during the next four years, for in November, 1828, the electoral ticket defeated in the country at large had 140 votes in Quincy out of a total of 143, and in the following April, Governor Lincoln had 142 votes to one solitary ballot cast for Marcus Morton. These circumstances were all favorable to a good administration of affairs. The people were well to do ; but they looked closely to their taxes, and they had a traditional horror of waste. Corruption in public office was practically unknown. The scale of town expenses was so limited that no item was too small to escape notice. The sum of five dollars un necessarily spent, or spent for an unaccustomed pur pose, might lead to a town-meeting discussion. Prior to 1810 all business had been done in a loose, unsys tematic way. The annual appropriations were made by viva voce vote ; the treasurer received the money which the constable collected ; and the selectmen drew it out and paid it over to the minister, the schoolmas ter, and those who acted for the town's poor. No re ports or estimates were made ; no papers were placed on file. Everything was done on a general under standing. A cruder, less organized system could not be imagined. All that could be said was that it was 354 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. natural, and, like most natural things, it worked well under the circumstances. As the town increased some one was needed to organize such a degree of system as the new condition demanded. That some one appeared in Thomas Greenleaf. Mr. Greenleaf was Boston born, and graduated at Harvard in 1790 ; he came to Quincy to live in 1803, and remained there until his death in 1854. He speed ily began to take an active interest in town affairs, and he showed how useful in a local way a man of charac ter, fair parts, and good business capacity can always be. He belonged to the class of colonial country gentry ; and, indeed, he and his neighbor, George W. Beale, both dying at much the same time, were the last representatives of that class in Quincy. Mr. Green leaf was a man of property, and, it has already been seen, a strong Federalist. In 1808, and for thirteen consecutive years thereafter, he was chosen to repre sent the town in the General Court. He then became a leading man in Quincy, and so continued until towards 1840, when the growth of the Democratic element superseded him. In his day he organized the town's business, and he did it admirably. Everything was systematized. The change began about 1812. The charge of the town poor had then grown to be a scan dal. Mr. Greenleaf took hold of the matter, and caused an almshouse to be built. He was chairman of the building committee. The sum of $2000 was appropriated for the purpose, and when the building was completed Mr. Greenleaf reported, with a pride which he did not attempt to conceal, that though no allowance had been made for omissions in the estimates and much extra work had been done, — amounting to twenty per cent., — yet, notwithstanding this, the new almshouse was completed, and every bill paid, with $84.48 of the appropriation still unexpended. Under his close business management the cost of maintaining the poor was then reduced by more than one-half, and his reports on the subject are as interesting to-day in presence of that still unsolved problem of pauperism as they were seventy years ago. Having reduced the care of the poor to a system, Mr. Greenleaf turned his attention to other matters. Insensibly, but steadily, the method of conducting the town business in all its branches was brought into order. In March the annual town-meeting took place. Over this Mr. Greenleaf presided as modera tor. The full list of town officers was then chosen, and the various articles in the warrant were referred to special committees. The meeting then adjourned. In April another meeting was held, and the commit tees on the almshouse, the schools, the town lands and the town finances presented their reports, which were in writing, and entered into every detail. They were all spread on the record. Another adjournment was then had, and in May the appropriations were voted. Everything was thus made public and of record ; and everything was open to criticism and de bate. As a system, under the conditions then exist. ing, it did not admit of improvement. The so-called democratic system which later succeeded it was a degradation of government. It is needless to say that under the regime which has been described the town prospered greatly. A debt of some $2000 was incurred on account of the war of 1812 and for building the almshouse in 1814, but it was speedily paid off out of the surplus which a better management saved from the regular appro priations for the care of the poor. In 1816 the town hall and school-house was burned dowD. The amount appropriated for a new building was $2400. Mr. Greenleaf was chairman of the building com mittee ; and again be in due time reported, with over flowing pride, that the work was done, all the bills paid, whether included in the original estimate or found to be necessary as the work went on, and that an unexpended balance of $362.61 remained in the hands of the treasurer. In doing this work a new town debt had been incurred ; but good financial management soon paid it off without increase of tax ation. Thus, as the end of the provincial period drew near, there was in Quincy a condition of general good feel ing and prosperity such as the town had not before known. It showed itself in various ways. John Adams was then closing his long life. The wife who had watched the smoke of Bunker's Hill from the heights on the Plymouth road beyond the old Rrain- tree farm-house had died in 1818 ; and the son who then stood, a little boy, by her side was at the head of the national cabinet and soon to be chosen President, '¦) The meeting-house of 1732 still stood on the train ing-field; but it was old and out of repair. The townspeople began to talk of a new church edifice more in keeping with their increased numbers and wealth. Under these circumstances, John Adams, in June, 1822, moved, as he expressed it, " by the ven eration he felt for the residence of his ancestors and the place of his nativity, and the habitual affection he bore to the inhabitants with whom he had so happily lived for more than eighty-six years,"— thus moved, he deeded to the people of the town a tract of quarry-land, from which the material for the building they wished might in part be derived. A special town-meeting was called in July to take action on this matter, and a committee was appointed «5, oL, iJlA-CUYYU) . QUINCY. 355 to wait on the ex-President and express to him the gratitude with which his townsmen received his gift. They were instructed to say that, highly as the inhab itants of Quincy estimated the advantages that would result from the gift itself, they valued it more as coming from one who by his patriotism had shed honor on his native place, and " to whom, under the smiles of Providence, we are so largely indebted for our independence and prosperity as a nation." So gratified was the old man by this cordial expression of kind feeling that he at once added to his former gift not only a deed of further lands, but the whole of his private library, consisting of some three thou sand volumes. Again the town met and spread upon its records further and even warmer expressions of gratitude aud veneration. Immediate steps were taken towards building the new church, but not until April, 1826, were arrange ments so far perfected that a building committee was appointed. Thomas Greenleaf was its chairman. But during that summer, and before any work of con struction was begun, John Adams died. He was over ninety, and his life thus covered one-half of the whole settlement of the town, lacking only two years. The old order of things, like the old church which was symbolical of it, was about to pass away. A new generation, with other customs and modes of thought, was fast coming to the front, and it was fit and proper that the transition should be strongly marked. It was strongly marked. On the 4th of July, 1826, the town celebrated with special rejoicings the fiftieth an niversary of independence. It was celebrated, as its sturdiest supporter had fifty years before predicted it would be, as " a day of deliverance, with pomp and parade, with shows, games, sports, guns, bells, bon fires, and illuminations." On that fair, glad day — in the midst of peace and prosperity and political kind feeling, with the sound of joyous bells and boom ing guns ringing in his ears, with his own toast of " Independence forever" still lingering on the lips of his townsmen — the spirit of the old patriot passed away. But he had lived to see with his own eyes that " ravishing light and glory" the distant rays of which had reached him in 1776, and he had found that the end was indeed " more than worth all the means." Warned of the approaching event, President John Quincy Adams had left Washington on the morning of the 4th of July, and at Baltimore he received word of his father's death. He reached Quincy on the morning of the 13th, the funeral having taken place on the 7th, in the presence of a great concourse of people. The following Sunday when the church bell rang he went to the old North Precinct meeting-house, and a few hours later he thus recorded his feelings : " I have at no time felt more deeply affected by [my father's death] than on entering the meeting-house and taking in his pew the seat which he used to occupy, having directly before me the pew at the left of the pulpit which was his father's, and where the earliest devotions of my childhood were performed. The memory of my father and mother, of their tender and af fectionate care, of the times of peril in which we then lived, and of the hopes and fears which left their impressions upon my mind, came over me, till involuntary tears started from my eyes. I looked around the house with inquiring thoughts. Where were those I was then wont to meet in this house ? The aged of that time, the pastor by whom I had been baptized, the deacons who sat before the communion table, have all long since departed. Those then in the meridian of life have all followed them. Five or six persons, then children like myself, under the period of youth, were all that I could discern, with gray hairs and furrowed cheeks, two or three of them with families of a succeeding generation around them. The house was not crowded, but well filled, though with almost another race of men and women.'' CHAPTER XXX. QUINCY— (Continued). MODERN QUINOY. The original migration from Old to New England ceased before 1840. No steady westward movement of population across the Atlantic again set in until the beginning of the present century, nor, even when it did set in, did it gain any great volume until after the year 1830. It was accordingly remarked by Pal frey in his "History of New England" that probably there was no county in England where in 1825 the strain of English blood was so free from all foreign admixture as it was among the people of Cape Cod. Up to the year 1800 the same thing might have been said of Quincy. The original settlers bore all of them English names. There were scarcely any ex ceptions to this rule, and such exceptions as there were — some eight or ten in two hundred and forty ¦ — indicated a French and possibly a Norman origin. Such were Decrow, Durant, Despard, and Deza ; Lamont and Lagaree ; Marquand and Quincy. All of these names are recorded before 1728. A few Scotchmen, the prisoners of Dunbar, may have been landed in Boston in 1651, and been sent out to the iron-works ; but, if such was the case, they did not leave a single " Mac" behind them in Braintree. In 1752 there was a small infusion of German blood, — " poor, suffering Palatines." But these people mostly went away ten years later to join more pros perous communities of their own race at the eastward, 356 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. and the Hardwicks (Hard wig), Brieslers (Briesner), and a few more only remained to perpetuate the German face under Anglicized names. There were a certain number of negroes in the town, — sixty-six, according to the census of 1765, — the descendants of slaves owned by the Quincys, Vassals, Apthorps, and Borlands ; and in 1800 the vacant space made by the removal of an old stairway in the church was by vote " appropriated for the use of the black people to sit in." In a few years more they had wholly disappeared. When, in 1792, the North Precinct of Braintree was set off as Quincy, the names appended to the petition were all English names, — names, nearly every one of which have ap peared in the town-book for a century, — -Cleverly, Newcomb, Brackett, Adams, Crane, Vesey, Spear, Savill, Bicknell, Quincy, Marsh, Beale, Glover, Crosby, Baxter, Sanders, Field, Faxon, Hayden, Bass, Tirrell, and Nightingale. They were Johns, Samuels, Ben jamins, Fredericks, Daniels, and Ebenezers. Their wives were Marys, Anns, Elizas, with here and there a Mehitabel, a Patience, and an Abigail. Old, fa miliar English patronymics all. An Irishman or an Irish name was as strange and as much a matter of wonderment as a Frenchman or a German, and more than an African or Indian. No mass was ever cele brated in Old Braintree ; and it may well be ques tioned whether from the day when Sir Christopher Gardiner took flight in March, 1631, down to the year 1800 a single Roman Catholic ever dwelt in the town. Indeed, when John Adams was writing his " Dissertation on the Canon and the Feudal Law in Braintree" in 1765, he referred to a certain thing as being " as rare an appearance as a Roman Catholic, — that is, as rare as a comet or an earthquake." Nor had there as yet been anything to cause the influx of a new population. Even down to 1825 the industries of the town had not multiplied. It was still the old farming community already described, — a community made up of those who tilled the soil, and those who supplied the tillers' wants. More than a century and a half before an iron foundry ¦ had been established in " the Woods," as what is now West Quincy was called, but it had soon col lapsed, and only beds of cinders and slag and old bits of petrified foundation on the banks of Furnace Brook marked where the experiment had failed. Even the tradition of it had died away, and as late as 1710 the region thereabout was the haunt of deer and the bear. Again, shortly after 1750, the poor refugees who settled at Germantown had sought to gain a living by making glass. But such glass as they made was of the coarsest description, for which even then there was but small demand ; and this attempt soon shared the fate of the iron-works. The little capital ventured in it was lost. But these were premature attempts at the intro duction of strange industries. It was not so with ship-building. The dwellers along Quincy Bay, in common with all other sea-board Yankees, took nat urally and kindly to the water, and from an early day the ship-yards throve at Braintree. In 1696 the " Unity" was launched at what is now Quincy Neck, and later the Haydens, Southers, and Josselyns were noted shipwrights. Their yards were at Rent's (now Quincy) Point, and there, in September, 1789 was launched the " Massachusetts," pierced for thirty- six guns, and intended for the Canton trade. This was supposed to be the largest ship, up to that time, built in the State. Her company for her first and only voyage from Quincy numbered seventy hands all told, forty-two of whom were seamen ; but her voyage was not a success, and she was sold in China to go under the Danish flag. But none the less, the Rent's Point yards in 1825 were prospering, and they con tinued to prosper down to the days of Deacon George Thomas, who built clippers the names of which were famous in the California and China trade. Indeed, from force of habit apparently, Deacon Thomas went on building great wooden ships until he was more than fourscore years of age, and his country had ceased to boast a commercial marine. The stone deposits of the town had, up to 1825, uot been developed at all ; but from that year the change dates. On behalf of the Bunker Hill Monu ment Association, Gridley Bryant, of Scituate, then bought a quarry in West Quincy, the stone of which had already been examined and approved by Solomon Willard, and which has since been known as the Bunker Hill Quarry. The fame of Quincy granite was now to spread far and wide. Not that the exist ence and durable character of the stone had not long been known ; but up to this time it had only been worked on the surface. The coarse, rough, glacier- tumbled boulders which lay scattered over the north and south commons had alone been used. King's Chapel was built of this material between 1749 and 1752, and later the famous old Hancock mansion on Beacon Hill. At that time they had so little con ception of the extent of this syenite formation, that in Braintree much alarm was felt lest the use of the stone for buildings in other towns would exhaust the supply. For years the subject was discussed at each town-meeting, and new measures of ever-increasing stringency were devised to avert the threatened dearth. In 1753, immediately after QUINCY. 357 King's Chapel was finished, a vote was passed for bidding the removal of any more stones at all from the commons until otherwise ordered. If the drain went on unchecked there would not be enough stone in Braintree for the township's own use 1 The difficulty seems to have been that, with the tools then in use, they were unable to work into the rock. The King's Chapel stone, it is said, was broken into a degree of shape by letting large iron balls fall upon the heated blocks. At last, upon one memorable Sunday in 1803, there appeared at New- comb's Tavern, in the centre of the North Precinct, three men, who called for a dinner with which to properly celebrate a feat they had just successfully performed. The fear of the tithingman had not re strained them, and they had split a large stone by the use of iron wedges. Their names were Josiah Remis, George Stearns, and Michael Wild. It was indeed a notable event, for the crust of the syenite hills was broken. Quarries were then opened, but at first only slowly and in a small way. The men did not yet know how to work the rock, nor had they the necessary tools and appliances. Such stone as was taken out was roughly dressed for use as door-st'eps, foundations, and gable walls. There were two problems still unsolved : one related to handling and dressing the rock, the other to its carriage. Both of these problems Willard and Rryant solved. Neither of these two remarkable men were Quincy born. Willard came of Maine stock transplanted to Petersham, in Worcester County ; and Bryant was of that Scituate family which seventy- five years before had furnished Braintree its active- minded minister. While Willard laid open the quarry and devised the drills, the derricks, and the shops, Bryant was building a railway. This famous structure was an event not only in the history of Quincy, but in that of the United States, and in every school history it is mentioned as the most noticeable incident in the administration of the younger Adams. In Braintree a feebler effort in a similar direction had already been made, but without success ; for in 1824, Joshua Torry, an enterprising citizen of the town, had planned a canal from the neighboring tidal basin nearly to the centre of the town. A committee reported strongly in its favor, and work was even begun upon it ; but it proved too expensive an enterprise for that time, and had to be abandoned. Still the idea bore fruit ; for the next spring another and more feasible project was devised of converting the old Town River, as it was called, into a canal up to the point where John Adams, as surveyor of highways, had, in 1760, built across it his historical bridge. It was an attempt at slack-water navigation. A charter for a joint-stock company was secured, and the people went into the project with spirit. In 1826 the work was finished at an outlay of ten thousand dollars. The scheme did not prove a success. The canal, it is true, was used ; but the busi ness afforded no profit, and years afterwards the affairs of the company were wound up with a total loss of its capital. The Granite Railway was both a more famous and a more successful scheme. Its projector, Gridley Bryant, has given his account of how he came to construct it and of the obstacles he had to over come : " I had, previous to [the laying of the corner-stone of Bunker Hill Monument] purchased a stone-quarry (the funds being furnished by Dr. John C. Warren) for the express purpose of procuring the granite for constructing this monument. This quarry was in Quincy, nearly four miles from water-carriage. This suggested to me the idea of a railroad (the Manchester and Liverpool Railroad being in contemplation at this time, but was not begun until the spring following) ; accordingly, in the fall of 1825 I consulted Thomas H. Perkins, William Sullivan, Amos Lawrence, Isaac P. Davis, and David Moody, all of Boston, in reference to it. These gentlemen thought the project visionary and chimerical ; but, being anxious to aid the Bunker Hill Monument, consented that I might see what could be done. I awaited the meeting of our Legislature in the winter of 1825-26, and after every delay and obstruction that could be thrown in the way, I finally obtained a charter, although there was great opposition in the House. The questions were asked, 'What do we know about railroads? Who ever heard of such a thing? Is it right to take people's land for a project that no one knows anything about ? We have corporations enough already !' Such and similar objections were made, and various restrictions were imposed; but it finally passed by a small majority only. Un favorable as the charter was, it was admitted that it was ob tained by my exertions ; but it was owing to the munificence and public spirit of Colonel T. H. Perkins that we were in debted for the whole enterprise. None of the first-named gen tlemen ever paid any assessments, and the whole stock finally fell into the hands of Colonel Perkins. . . I surveyed several routes from the quarry purchased (called the Bunker Hill Quarry) to the nearest tide-water, and finally the present lo cation was decided upon. I commenced the work on the first day of April, 1826, and on the seventh day of October follow ing the first train of cars passed over the whole length of the road." At the time Bryant's work excited an almost un- equaled interest throughout the country. It was, in fact, a pioneer American undertaking, the originator of which had closely studied that English railway literature which was then coming into existence. Although Stephenson had already, in a rude way, in troduced locomotive steam-power on the Stockton and Darlington road, Bryant made no attempt at anything of that sort. Indeed, had he done so he would have ruined his enterprise. His views were confined to horse-power, and he built an improved tramway rather 358 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. than a modern railroad. The really memorable thing about it was his ingenuity in devising the appliances necessary to its successful operation. These were very remarkable, including as they did the switch, the portable derrick, the turn-table, and the movable truck for the eight-wheel railroad car. All these contrivances subsequently passed into general use ; and the movable truck having six years later (in 1834) been patented by other parties, became the subject of a litigation which occupied the courts for five years and cost, it is said, some $250,000. Though the claim of Bryant as its inventor was sustained, he had no legal right to royalty on its use, nor did he ever receive anything from it. He died quite poor in 1867. The Granite Bailway, including its branches, was four miles in length, and cost fifty thousand dollars. It began at the quarry end with an inclined plane, by means of which eighty-four feet vertical fall was here accomplished in three hundred and fifteen feet of gradual descent. The road then dropped gently down to tide-water level by grades of sixty-six, thirteen, and twenty-six feet to the mile. As the traffic was all in the direction of these grades, single horses could of course move with ease just as heavy loads as the structure would bear ; the only difficulties being to retard the loaded cars going down and to draw the unloaded cars back. The road was constructed of stone sleepers, or ties, eight feet apart, upon which were laid longitudinal wooden rails, protected by strap-iron plates three inches wide and one-fourth of an inch thick. The wooden rails were subsequently replaced by stone. This railway was operated, always by horse-power, for about forty years. At last, it having then been for a time in disuse, its franchise was purchased by the Old Colony Bailroad Company. The ancient structure was completely demolished and a modern railroad was built on the right of way. This was formally opened for traffic on Oct. 9, 1871, forty-five years and two days after the original open ing in 1826. There is a certain historical fitness in the fact that, through the incorporation of the Gran ite Railway into the Old Colony Railroad, the line which connects Plymouth with Boston has become the original railroad line in America. After 1825 the granite business of Quincy devel oped rapidly. Three years later the old 1 732 meeting house in Quincy gave place to that more modern struc ture which is still the central building in the town, the large monolith columns of which mark the ad vance which the Quincy stone-cutters had then al ready made. In the same year the Tremont House in Boston was built ; the present United States Court- House, then the Masonic Temple, followed in 1831 and the Court Street Court-House four years later then came the Boston Custom-House, begun in 1837 and completed in 1849, with its thirty monolith col umns, each forty-two tons in weight. As they were finished these were carried to Boston over the Plym outh road, for the turnpike bridges would not support the weight ; aud as the carts made specially to carry them, drawn by a long train of oxen and horses, passed slowly through the town, they were for years objects of deep popular interest and local pride. It is needless to go on enumerating the buildings thereafter constructed of Quincy granite. For years it was regarded as the best known material for con struction, and it was chiseled into the most delicate shapes. A new school of taste then grew up which saw that the stone was not only hard and cold, as well as durable, but that it was wont to outlive its useful ness. The great Boston fire of 1872 showed also that, growing brittle when exposed to heat, it would shatter under streams of water. A change accord ingly came about. The stone passed out of use for architectural display, and was adopted in monumental work. At the present time nearly three-quarters of the Quincy granite dressed is used in cemeteries ; and there is something about it, whether it be hardness or durability or its coldness of color, which seems to make it specially appropriate for these modern cities of the dead. Meanwhile, the quarry business speedily revolu tionized the town. Its influence was everywhere felt, — in habits, and modes of life and thought, and in politics. One by one the old traditions gave way. Business was no longer done as formerly. Firms grew up possessing large means and employing many laborers, and a steady tide both of wealth and popula tion set in. As compared with the figures of similar growth which has gone on during the same time at the great commercial centres of the country, the fig ures representing the growth of the Quincy granite business are not large. Boston and St. Louis, New York, Chicago, and San Francisco have accustomed the minds and eyes of modern Americans to indus trial strides of a wholly different scale. These cities deal in workmen by the thousand and in products by the million. Against such exhibits no New England town can have anything to show which would cause surprise. The figures amount at most to the modest statistics of a prosperous trade. It is so with Quincy granite. In the hard, slow work of producing it no large fortunes have been made, no crowded commu nities have grown up. On the eastern slope of the Blue Hill range, where in 1825 the Milton and QUINCY. 359 Quincy woods still stood, there is now a village con taining a population larger than was the population of Quincy then. The creaking of the derrick, the blows of the sledge, and the click of the hammer are every where heard from the week-day morning to its night ; and from year's end to year's end the blocks of split and chiseled syenite pass out in a steady stream. Yet in the great aggregates of modern life it all represents but the labor of a few hundred men, and the well- earned return on the not large capital of a dozen en terprising firms.1 Rut stone working was not the only new industry which about 1830 began to make its influence felt in Quincy. For more than a century and a quarter there had then been one tannery in the town, and at a later day there were several. The earlier tanneries were strange, primitive establishments. The vats were oblong boxes sunk in the ground close to the edge of the town brook at the point where it crossed the main street. They were without either covers or outlets. The beam-house was an open shed, within which old, worn-out horses circled round while the bark was crushed at the rate of half a cord or so a day by alternate wooden and stone wheels, moving in a circular trough fifteen feet in diameter. In the early years of the last century the prices were as primitive as the methods ; for while green hides sold for three pence and dry hides for sixpence, the man ufactured article brought but twelve pence. Then and long afterwards the dress, especially of the work ing classes, was largely composed of leather, out of which as a material leggings and breeches, coats and shirts, were made, as well as shoes and gloves. Working in leather was therefore one of the common vocations in all New England towns. Consequently, as markets and means of communica tion developed, it was natural that the Quincy people should drift into shoemaking. They did so as mat ter of course, and as early as 1795 the business had taken root. Noah Curtis was its founder, and in that year he made nine hundred and fifty-one pair of shoes, paying for such as were hand-sewed two dollars a dozen pair. Not until 1822 was the Southern trade opened. By 1830 the Curtises had built up a large and profitable business, and the census of seven years later showed that in 1837 no less than forty -six thousand pair of boots and shoes were manufactured in the town. In 1856 the Curtises alone made forty- eight thousand pair of boots, giving employment to 1 By the State census of 1875 there appeared to be thirty- seven establishments in Quincy in the granite business in all its branohes. They represented a capital of $588,200, a yearly produot valued at $775,884, and employed 617 men. four hundred hands. For a time it seemed not im probable that Quincy might vie with Brockton, Lynn, or Marlborough as a great centre of this industry ; but the war of the Rebellion dealt a heavy blow to its trade, and the rapid development elsewhere of ma chine-made work left the old-fashioned Quiucy meth ods far behind. Accordingly, after 1860 the business as a whole did not grow in Quincy as it grew else where. Nevertheless, the presence in the town of this in dustry, together with that of stone-cutting, greatly influenced its character. The population underwent a radical change. A new race, of different blood and religion, had come in. The native New Englander seemed to pass out of the fields into the shops, and men of foreign blood took his place. In 1830 the Congregational meeting-house, though then called " the Stone Temple," and the Episcopal Church were still the only buildings in the town in which religious services were held. Mass had once or twice been observed in dwelling-houses. In 1831 a Universalist society was organized, and in 1832 they built a church. In 1834 another church was built by an Evangelical Congregational society ; and a third by the Methodist Episcopals in 1838. The Roman Catholics were still without a building. There were now many of that faith in Quincy, but they were emigrants and they were poor ; the narrow but traditional prejudice against them and their faith, also, was strong and hard to be outgrown. About the year 1839 an occasional Mass was cele brated in the small West Quincy school-house ; but those were the years when, under the combined Native American and anti-Catholic feeling, Massachusetts was in a dangerous mood. The Mount Benedict Monastery in Charlestown had not very long before been destroyed by a mob ; and now in West Quincy those of the district who held other religious views expelled the Catholics from the school-house. For tunately, better counsels and a kinder feeling prevailed, and after a short time the services were renewed there ; nor were they again disturbed. In the autumn of 1S42 St. Mary's Church in West Quincy was con secrated, and eleven years later, in 1853, St. John's Church was finished, standing almost on the spot where the Episcopal Church, removed twenty-one years before, had stood for a century. Another Catholic chapel was erected in the North District of the town in 1874. In 1842 there were about one hundred Catholics in Quincy ; in 1884 there were more worshipers in the three Catholic churches than in all the other eight churches of the town com bined. If the multiplication of sects and churches after 360 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. 1830 was considerable, that of schools was still more so. In the matter of education the state of things had, indeed, then become such that it was obvious a change of system must be made. The old centre grammar school could no longer be made to suffice. Its condition and methods have already been de scribed, and in 1827 the school committee, of which Thomas Greenleaf was then chairman, reported the whole number of children in all the schools as four hundred and sixty-one. Of these, twenty-five only — nineteen boys and six girls — were over fourteen years of age, so early even at that late period did the schooling stop. In order to relieve the centre of an excessive attendance, two winter schools under mas ters — called in the reports " men's schools," to dis tinguish them from the old dames' schools for chil dren — had been opened, the one at Penn's Hill, or the South District, the other at Bent's Point, or the Oldfields District. This measure had failed to bring the wished-for relief. The increase of scholars from the other districts was such that the centre school throughout the winter had an average attendance of one hundred and forty. Crowded into a single school room, these seven-score children of all ages were taught by one master, who was paid five hundred dollars a year, aided by one female assistant, who was paid one hundred and twenty dollars. Under these circumstances the committee of 1827 suggested, not "for immediate adoption, but for deliberate consid eration," the idea of building a second school-house. That, it stated, would " afford an immediate and ef fectual relief for many years." Accordingly, after two years of " deliberate consideration," the town, in 1829, voted to build three new school-houses, one at the North, or Farms District, one at the East, or Oldfields District, and one at the South, or Penn's Hill and Woods District ; the last, being a combined arrangement, was to be of stone and cost as much as the other two together. In the spring of 1 830 the new buildings were finished, and the committee re ported that, including the land on which they stood, they had cost respectively $1142.59 for that of stone, and $523 and $422.02 for the others of wood. This failed to satisfy the town. A pernicious idea had gained footing that it was desirable " to bring the school to every man's door;" and instead of concen trating children so that they might be divided ac cording to age and taught by several teachers in graded schools, the mistaken policy of neighborhood schools of all ages under one teacher was adopted. Accordingly, the next year, after a- sharp struggle, in which the town divided by a vote of eighty-four to seventy-eight, it was decided to build two more school-houses. The neighborhood school system was thus definitely fixed upon. That this should have been so was in some respects unfortunate, but it was probably necessary. It was a mistake naturally incident to government through town-meeting. Town-meetings are not inspired, Having fortunately no infinite wisdom to guide and dwarf them, they go stolidly on, working their way in perfectly human and commonplace fashion through almost infinite waste and failure to a certain degree ot success. The process is slow and expensive. Ac cordingly, the policy as respects its schools fixed on by Quincy in the town-meeting of March 8, 1831. remained its policy for over forty years. From an educational point of view it was altogether wrong. The school was near the child's home, but at the school the child learned the least possible. The grading of scholars was out of the question, and in competent teachers wasted their time trying to im part a little knowledge to many children of various ages. A more wasteful system could hardly have been devised. From the money point of view it did not cost much, for in 1827 the annual appropria tion was $3 for each scholar, and the neighborhood system only increased it in 1831 to $3.67. In 1840 it had fallen to $2.89, and it was only $3.81 in 1850. Not until 1868 did the annual cost per scholar in crease to over $10. The town had then grown up to the neighborhood system, for its population was about 7000, and there were 1534 children in the schools. They had for years been more or less graded, and a somewhat better instruction was pos sible. Yet even then the teaching in the public schools had little to commend it. It was almost wholly con fined to verbal memorizing, and that singular mental exercise known as parsing, or the mechanical applica tion of certain rules of grammar to words and sen tences. These rules never had any meaning to the scholars, nor did the knowing how to parse in any way affect the scholar's mode of speaking or writing his mother-tongue. It was the same with arithmetic, It was taught by rule. This was that old-fashioned schooling, so called, which is still commonly supposed to have been simple, but, in some unexplained way, peculiarly thorough. Accordingly there are not a few who lose no opportunity to refer to it with respectful regret. In point of fact, in no true sense of the word was it either simple or thorough. By force of constant iteration, emphasized by occasional whippings, the child did indeed have certain rules and formulas so impressed on the memory that they never afterwards faded from it ; but so did the horse, the dog, and the QUINCY. 361 parrot. One and the same method of instruction was applied to all, tfuman and brute. It was purely a matter of memorizing and imitation ; the observing and reasoning faculties, it was supposed, — if, indeed, any thought was given to them, — would develop themselves. Since the days of the " Learned School master," Benjamin Tompson, school methods in Quincy had become more elaborate and far more ex pensive ; the child learned more, such as it was, be cause it went to school more hours, and there were more teachers and better text-books. But, so far as intelligence of method and system was concerned, there had been little change and no considerable im provement. Nor were the results anything to be proud of. The average graduate of the grammar Bchool could not read with ease, nor could he write an ordinary letter in a legible hand and with words cor rectly spelled. Nor in these respects were the schools of Quincy worse than those of its sister-towns. This was at one time confidently asserted, and the friends of every system which breaks down under investigation always assert that such system was notoriously defective at the precise point where the investigation took place. In the case of the Quincy schools it was nothing of the sort. They were quite as good as the average of Massachusetts town schools. This appeared very clearly as the result of careful inquiries made by agents of the StatC Board of Education in 1879. It was then found that in a very large proportion of the towns in Norfolk County the educational methods in use in the schools were the same that had been immemorially in use. They were quaintly primitive. Children were still taught to spell orally and in classes, and the writing was limited to what was done in the copy-books. Accordingly, when told to write a letter of a few lines, many pupils showed at once that they had never been taught even the mechanical part of a written exercise, while certain of the teachers actually would not permit their schools to be subjected to so unheard-of a test. Their scholars were taught to parse, and say the multiplication table. Writing letters was no part of school work. Out of eleven hundred scholars in two hundred and twelve schools who used in composition the adverb " too," no less than eight hundred aud fifty-nine spelt the word incorrectly. The three words " whose," " which," and " scholar" were given out for written spelling, and while there were fifty-eight different wrong spellings of " which," there were one hundred and eight of " whose," and two hundred and twenty- one of " scholar." For thoroughness and magnitude these examinations were probably never surpassed. They included the schools of twenty-four towns, re turning five thousand scholars. The tests, of the simplest and most ordinary description, were confined to showing the results actually obtained in reading, writing, and ciphering. There was no escape from the conclusions reached, for the fac-similes of the ex amination papers spoke for themselves.1 In 1873 doubts as to the value of the results ob tained through the methods then in use had for some time been forcing themselves on the minds of those then composing the Quincy school committee. They referred in their reports to the condition of " immo bility" which seemed to prevail. There were now twenty-seven schools in the town, in which thirty-two teachers were at work on twelve hundred scholars. The annual cost of teaching each scholar exceeded fourteen dollars. Since 1830 the number of those taught had thus increased much less than three-fold, while the cost of teaching them had increased over fifteen-fold. Under these circumstances it was ob vious that a great waste of public money was steadily going on. The cost of the article purchased had been immensely increased, without any corresponding im provement in its quality. It was perfectly true the schools had been humanized. Boys were no longer forced as a punishment to clasp hands across the top of an over-heated stove until holes burned in their clothes ; nor were they made to whip each other, while the master stood over them and himself whipped that one who seemed to slacken in his blows.2 Scenes like these, worthy of Dotheboys Hall, were remi niscences of the past. But there was no reason to suppose that the children when they left school read more fluently, or wrote more legibly, or computed with more facility than had their fathers and mothers before them. Under these circumstances the com mittee came to the conclusion that if the town was not spending an undue amount on its schools, yet certainly not more than fifty per cent, of what it did spend was spent effectively. The whole thing needed to be re formed ; but the members of the committee did not feel themselves qualified to reform it. They therefore stated the case to the town, and asked for authority to employ a specialist as a superintendent. In the spring of 1875 the desired authority was given. The result was that reform in school methods which, known as the "Quincy system," within the next few years excited far and wide an almost unpre cedented interest and discussion. It was the work of 1 See Report of Examination of Scholars in Norfolk County, in the Forty-third Annual Report (1880) of the Massachusetts Board of Education. 2 Quincy Patriot, Feb. 21, 1874-. 362 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. the superintendent then employed, F. W. Parker. Mr. Parker was by birth a New Hampshire man, who had taught school in Ohio before the war of the Re bellion, and during it served in the army, attaining the rank of colonel. He had then gone to Germany in order to study the most improved educational methods. Returning to America, he fell in with James H. Slade, then one of the Quincy school com mittee, and was by him suggested as superintendent. The choice was a most fortunate one. There were many qualifications of a superintendent which Mr. Parker did not possess. He lacked business method. He could not always accommodate himself to circum stances in dealing with men. His practical judgment was often bad. He was apt to try to do the right thing at the wrong time. He was impatient of oppo sition. But, on the other hand, he was possessed with an idea, and he was indefatigable in his efforts to put it in practice. He knew how to infuse his own spirit into his teachers, and he possessed in a marked degree the indescribable quality of attracting public notice to what he was doing. The essence of his sys tem was simple, nor was it in any respect new. It was a protest against the old mechanical methods. There was to be something in the schools besides memorizing and the application of formulas. The child was no longer to be taught on the same princi ples that dogs and parrots were taught. The reason ing and observing faculties were to be appealed to. The object always to be kept in view was a practical one. A race of men and women were to be produced who might indeed not be able readily to commit things to memory or to repeat rules out of a grammar ; they would not be disciplined in the ancient way, but they would be accustomed to observe and think for themselves, and at least to read and write English with ease and decently.1 Mr. Parker's labors attracted almost at once the notice of educators. He was, of course, severely criticised by the adherents of the old system, who vigorously asserted that what was good in his methods was not new, and that what was new was not good. The assertion that the results produced by the old system were not satisfactory was angrily denounced as a slur on the well-earned fame of Mas sachusetts. Even if such things were true, it was said, they ought not to be published to the world, for they gave comfort to the enemies of common schools. 1 The leading features of the so-called Quincy system were set forth at the time in a paper entitled "The New Departure in the Common Schools of Quincy," which was printed in pamphlet form, and passed rapidly through six editions, ex citing much public discussion. The educational journals referred to the arguments of Mr. Parker's friends as " monumental displays of ignorance," and it required the unanswerable facts of the Norfolk County investigation to sat isfy them that the earlier condition of affairs ij the Quincy schools was both correctly stated and not exceptional. All this noisy discussion did but spread far and wide the fame of Mr. Parker's efforts, and strangers soon began to come to Quincy to see what the thing amounted to. Then they came to study it, Finally, the town schools became an educational cu riosity for the display to the world of the new system. Visitors trooped to Quincy by hundreds, and at times they crowded the school-rooms. It became, indeed, a serious hindrance to instruction, and had to be regu lated by the committee. For five years Mr. Parker held the position of super intendent. In the spring of 1880 he was chosen one of the school supervisors of Boston, and subsequently he became the head of the Cook County Normal School of Illinois. But he did not leave Quincy until the reforms he had instituted there had become firmly established. He was succeeded by one of the grammar-school teachers whom he had himself educated in his system. The schools of Quincy were then full of life and promise, and the educational ad vantages of the town were considerable. A high school had been established in 1852, and the Adams Academy had been opened in 1872. The last was the institution endowed by John Adams half a cen tury before. During the intermediate time funds had been slowly accumulating, and the academy building was placed, as the founder directed it should be, on the exact site of the house in which John Hancock was born. Nor were the means of acquiring a higher education in Quincy now limited to its schools and academies. The way to self-culture had been thrown wide open to every one who wished to tread it, for a free access to books was no longer the exclusive privilege of the rich or the educated. In 1871 the sum of two thousand five hundred dollars was voted towards the establishment of a free public library, provided an equal sum could be raised by private subscription. At that time the town practically had no collection of books in it which was open to all. The Quincy Lyceum, which dated from 1829, and after it the Adams Literary Association, had, to a limited extent, supplied the need ; but their means were small and their organization incomplete. Accordingly, as it had been in the beginning so it remained down to the year 1846, when, for those who could afford to buy, the railroad made the bookstores of the city QUINCY. 363 accessible. But, so far as the bulk of inhabitants were concerned, they neither had any books within their reach, nor did they know how to use them. The purpose of John Adams in giving his library to the town had wholly failed of accomplishment. When he did it he had his own youth in mind. He had been brought up in the Braintree of former days, a country lad wholly cut off from the means of a larger education. He had thus been compelled to break out his own way to success, and his wish in old age was to remove the obstacles which had impeded him from the path of future generations of his townsmen. Out of narrow means he accordingly endowed an academy, and he gave to it his own library, the col lection of a lifetime. His motives were generous, but he could not foresee the changes of the future. The books were, many of them, most rare and valu able; but students were few, and they found what they wanted more easily elsewhere. For popular use the collection was almost ludicrously inappropriate. The scholar and the public man would feel at home in it, but to the average frequenter of the modern public library it was much what a rare edition of Shakespeare or of Milton is to one as yet untaught to read. This the town did not realize at the time the gift was made, and votes were passed for the appointment of a librarian, and the arrangement of the books so that all who wished so to do might consult them. The collection then remained uncared for, and accessi ble to every one for nearly thirty years. During that time it suffered irreparable injury. Not only were many volumes taken from it and never returned, but it was freely robbed of the autographs which gave a peculiar value to it. Whole title-pages were torn out ; and that copies of some of the choicest works ever issued from the press remained unmutilated was pure good fortune only. Such was the situation in 1871 when the move in belialf of a modern public library was made. The two thousand five hundred dollars from private sub scription necessary to secure the town endowment was soon raised, and in the autumn of 1871 there was opened in Quincy one of those institutions, undreamed of in former times, which may without exaggeration be called the universities of the poor. The crying need which existed for something of the kind at once became apparent. The public library was thronged with young people; and during the next twelve months nearly forty-five thousand volumes were borrowed. Accordingly, it at once assumed a foremost place among the educational influences of the town. For over two years a room was provided for it in the Adams Academy, but in 1874 the rapid growth of the school under Dr. Dimmock's management made a removal necessary. The Second Congregational so ciety had some years before outgrown that first church building of theirs which stood close to the site of the original stone meeting-house of 1666, and being vacant it was now leased by the town. To it the library was removed, and there it remained until the Crane Memorial Hall was ready to receive it in 1882. The gift of this building to Quincy was one of those incidents, both interesting and peculiar, which are somewhat characteristic of New England. It came in a wholly unexpected way. In one of their annual reports the Library trustees had called atten tion to the fact that of the several modern divisions of the original town, Holbrook, Bandolph, and Brain tree each had buildings for their libraries given to them as memorials, and a hope was expressed that sooner or later " private munificence may supply a public need," and Quincy would enjoy the same good fortune. This was in February, 1879, and there was then no reason to look for such a gift either imme diately, or, indeed, from any particular quarter. No one had intimated a disposition to do anything of the kind. A few months later, but within the year, a gentle man with whom he then had no acquaintance came into the Boston office of the chairman of the trustees, and, after introducing himself, opened the conversa tion by asking if Quincy would like to have a public library building. Very much surprised, the chairman turned to his visitor and asked if any one thought of giving the town such a building. The other replied that he was not authorized to say who he represented, further than that it was the family of one Quincy born, but now dead, who many years before had moved away from Massachusetts. Nothing further was then said, nor was anything more heard of the matter for several months. Meanwhile some reports of the Library and its catalogue were sent to the repre sentative of the unknown family, and early in the following winter he again came to the office of the chairman of the trustees. He now said that the fam ily in question lived in New York, but that they dis liked to have the matter discussed, or to be mentioned in connection with it, until their minds were fully made up as to what they proposed to do. In reply Mr. Otis, the gentleman who appeared for them, was assured that the matter should not be mentioned, but the chairman, Mr. Adams, said that business often called him to New York, and he would be glad to meet there the parties in question, if they cared to see 364 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. him. No name had yet been given. At length, in February, 1880, a gentleman called on Mr. Adams in New York, and, giving his name as Crane, said that he had come to see him in relation to the proposed memorial building in Quincy. He then explained the connection of his father's family with Quincy, and the desire his widow and children had, thoug-h they had never lived in the town, to there erect some last ing memorial to him. The result of the interview was that Mr. Adams the next day carried back to Quincy the formal offer of a memorial library hall, which a fortnight later was acted upon and accepted at the annual town-meeting. Steps were at once taken to secure as a site for the proposed building that lot of ground which Mr. Crane had pointed out as in his opinion best adapted for it. During the following summer plans were matured, and the corner-stone of the new edifice was laid on the 22d of February, 1881. It was formally dedicated on the 30th of May, 1882. It commemo rates in a typical way a man who was himself singularly typical of New England and of Quincy. Born of old Braintree stock, Thomas Crane had gone to the centre grammar school, and worshiped in the old North Precinct meeting-house until he became a man. He had then in the year 1827 gone away, as so many others went then and later, seeking his fortune. A stone-cutter by trade, he settled in New York City, and there married and had children. A plain, straight forward, energetic man, he gradually amassed a for tune, and at last died in New York, April 1, 1875, in his seventy-second year. Though he often came back to Quincy as a visitor, he never was an inhabi tant of the town from the time he left it in 1827. The members of his family had few associations with it. Yet when the husband and father died, their thoughts turned to Quincy as the place where he would most have desired to have his memorial stand. It seemed proper also that it should stand there. Of all the many young men who early and late had gone out from the town, Thomas Crane had been the most successful. Dealing all his life in the granite which underlaid Quincy, his success had been due to the pos session of those qualities which made New England. He was honest, he was religious, he was energetic and enterprising and patient. His life was wholly unas suming, and when he died few in Quincy remembered that such an one had ever lived there. His name is now and will long be a household word in the place where he passed his youth, and from which he went forth ; nor could a better example of native strength and homely virtues be held up before its children for imitation. There is a degree of individuality in the business history of Quincy since the year 1830, and conse quently a certain interest attaches to it, owing to the fact that it centred mainly in that granite which un derlaid the soil. The town dealt in its native stone. The religious development had also a certain char acter of its own. It was liberal. Indeed, the utter absence of Calvinism, or strong orthodoxy, in the tenets of those inhabiting the North Precinct and Quincy is so marked, and so unusual for a Massachu setts community, that it cannot escape notice. When the Unitarian movement took place under Channing's lead, it has already been seen that it excited no sur prise among those who recalled the teachings of Lem uel Briant. On the contrary, the tendency in Quiney then was towards Universalism. Thomas Crane, for instance, feeling a strong religious craving which the teachings of Mr. Whitney did not satisfy, found what he needed, not in the Braintree church, where Dr. Storrs still held up the rigid belief of the fathers, but in the broader Christianity of " Father" Hosea Bal lou. The young stone-cutter would walk twenty miles of a Sunday to listen to his favorite preacher. No orthodox church ever struck root in Quincy. In mat ters of education the individuality of the town was less marked. The schools were much like the schools elsewhere, and the sudden development of the " Quincy system" came from without, and was largely a matter of chance. None the less, it was something that such a movement was possible. It showed a men tal receptiveness, a faculty of accepting new ideas and responding to them, which was in keeping with the whole religious and political record of the community which John Wheelwright had first taught. The soil was kindly to the reformer, and his labors brought forth speedy fruits. Politically, also, the later history of Quincy was not without its individuality and sig nificance. The old and new elements were always at work in it. Sometimes the one would attain a mas tery, and its influence would forthwith appear unmis takably in town-meeting, and stamp itself on the rec ords ; then the other would by degrees assert itself, and the ancient order of things would, to a certain extent, be restored. The old political habits and traditions could not be destroyed ; and yet the rapid infusion of foreign elements would through long periods of time seem to obliterate them. Absorption and education went on continually ; the new affected the old, and the old gradually influenced the new. In deed, the process which upon the large scale was working itself out all over the continent, might in Quincy be studied in detail. Here was one of the in dividual units of which the other was the aggregate. QUINCY. 365 After the formation of the United States govern ment, all through the administrations of Jefferson and Madison, including the war of 1812, it has been seen that Quincy politically was a strong Federalist town. Down even to the year 1824 it stood firmly out. In 1823, Dr. Eustis was elected Governor over Harrison Gray Otis, the candidate of the old Feder alists ; but Quincy none the less gave Mr. Otis a ma jority of Bixty-six in a total vote of two hundred and four. Nor did it change under defeat, for the next year it gave sixty-three majority against Governor Eustis, though his election in the State was a fore gone conclusion. Then came the Presidential cam- ¦ paign of 1825, and the Federal party disappeared for ever. In Quincy all were Adams men, and they so re mained until long after the election of Gen. Jackson. 1 ' Then the Jackson democracy began to make its pres ence felt. Its growth at first was very slow. In 1 November, 1830, ex-President J. Q. Adams was ' brought forward as a candidate for Congress in the 11 Plymouth district to succeed Mr. Bichardson, of Hing ham, who declined re-election. In Quincy Mr. Adams received seventy-six votes to ten cast for the Jackson candidate. At the next State election Marcus Morton, the Democratic candidate for Governor, had fourteen votes, while Governor Lincoln received two hundred and eleven. Then gradually a change came. A new element had found its way into the town. The old agricultural interest was no longer the only interest. In 1837 more than five hundred hands were em ployed in the quarries. The greater portion of these were not Quincy born. Many of them were foreign ers, especially Irish, and Catholics. More yet were Americans, from New Hampshire. These last were a sturdy, rough, floating population, with no knowl edge of town traditions, and a strong general disposi tion to vote the Democratic ticket. They did not live in Quincy, but came down from the North in the spring to get a summer's work ; and at the season of their coming stage-coach after stage-coach from Boston would be loaded down with them and their baggage. In March they voted for Isaac Hill, or his Democratic nominee, in New Hampshire, and in November they voted for Marcus Morton in Quincy. They were a foreign voting element ; but there was also a new domestic voting element which had now to be taken into account. The shoemaking population had greatly increased. This was of a wholly different type from the stone-working population. The day of great shoe-factories and machine-made work was yet distant. The men and women who made shoes as a trade worked mainly at their homes. As an occupa tion this lacked the manliness and robust, out-door vigor of stone-cutting. The shoemaker worked day in and day out in the little ill-ventilated cobbler's room attached to the dwelling, which in winter was heated by a stove and smelt of burnt leather. He stuck to his last ; and, in doing so, he talked a great deal of politics and political issues, thoroughly can vassing all men in public life from President Jackson down to Mr. Greenleaf, the traditional moderator at town-meeting. The shoemaker was, as a rule, not a Federalist ; but he did not vote the Democratic ticket in the same way the quarryman voted it. His was not that rough and somewhat turbulent independence. Intellectually he was of a finer, keener type ; physi cally he did not sustain the comparison well. He was apt to be round-shouldered and hollow-chested, thin and long-limbed. He lacked the muscle of the stone-cutter. In politics he was inclined to admire what he called " smartness" rather than grasp, and though he would not vote for a convicted knave, he felt a good deal of inner kindness for the successful rascal, and an absolute contempt for the well-inten tioned dolt. He loved political intrigue and combi nation, and could be depended upon by the wire puller ; though he soon saw through the merely loud-voiced demagogue. Such were the political elements which between 1830 and 1840 began to mingle and contend for mas tery in the Quincy town-meeting. First were the old colonial, native stock, living by agriculture, slow, con servative, and generally disposed to show much defer ence to the opinions of the gentry. Next came the quarry-men, composed of noisy, muscular, hard-living native Americans, with small reverence. Then the foreign-born Catholics who instinctively sided against all settled political traditions. Lastly, the shoemakers, mainly Americans, but disinclined to the old ways and the old leaders, and disposed to manage things by intrigue and combination without much regard to precedent. It is almost needless to say that in the presence of such elements as these the downfall of the local gentry influence was a mere question of time. The spirit of democracy was afloat in the land, and the movement which had carried Jackson into the Presidency on the larger theatre, on the smaller was destined soon to drive Thomas Greenleaf out of the management of town affairs. The growth year by year of the vote cast for Marcus Morton marks the advance of the tide. In 1829 he received one ballot only, and in 1832 he had but twenty. In 1835 he had got up to forty-two, and the next year to one hundred and forty-eight. Two years later the revo lution in public opinion was complete, and Marcus Morton polled two hundred and sixty votes to one 366 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. hundred and seventy-two for Governor Everett. The size of the vote showed also the rapid increase of the population under the new business development. In 1830 only one hundred and thirty-six ballots were cast in the election for Governor; in 1840 the num ber had increased more than five-fold, aggregating seven hundred. This, it is true, was a Presidential election, and a very exciting one, — the famous hard- cider and log-cabin campaign. But the Presi dential election of 1828 was also an exciting one, in which a Quincy man was a candidate. Yet in 1828 only one hundred and twenty-three votes were cast, or scarcely a sixth part of those cast in 1840. In the town, as in the nation, the process of absorp tion and amalgamation were now to be gone through with. The inrush of foreign elements had been too rapid. It tended to unsettle everything. Nor did it soon stop. Up to this time the agriculturalists — ¦ the farm-hands — had been mainly Americans. The Irish now began to take the place of these men in the fields, while the new generation of Americans either found employment in shops and mechanical pursuits or became shoemakers. The more adventurous and enterprising went to the cities, or sought their for tunes in the West. But the result of it all was a complete change in the character of the town. It was a change also for the worse. The old order of things was doubtless slow, conservative, traditional, but it was economical, simple, and business-like. The new order of things was in all respects the re verse of this. The leaders in it prided themselves on their enterprise, their lack of reverence for tra dition, their confidence in themselves ; but they were noisy, unmethodical, in reality incompetent, and altogether too often intemperate. Accordingly, neither the business record nor the moral record of the town were now creditable. There was, as respects the first, no absolute corruption ; the method of doing business was simply loose. The town debt was an illustration. It was a small affair, amounting to only a few thousand dollars, when, in 1837, Congress passed an act for the distribution of the surplus national revenue. Under the operation of this act no less a sum than $5148 fell to the share of Quincy, and was regularly appropriated to the payment of the town debt. It should have sufficed to extinguish it ; yet the very next year the debt was larger than ever. The surplus was muddled away. The expenses exceeded the appropriations ; the de ficiencies were not provided for, the treasury was falling into a system of yearly arrears. So also as respects the moral question. In 1835, and again in 1836, a movement was made in the direction of temperance reform. There was an article in the warrant of each of those years to see if the town would instruct the selectmen not to license places for the sale " of Bum, Brandy, Gin, or other Spirituous liquors." There was a sharp struggle, and the prop osition was rejected by a majority of two only in a total vote of 158. At the election of that year 138 votes were thrown for Governor Everett to 42 for Marcus Morton. The next year Morton's vote increased to 148, and the proposal not to license was defeated by 32 majority ; nor was it again renewed. The growth of sentiment, on the contrary, was dis tinctly in the other direction. Three years later, in 1839, Morton received 326 votes to 231 cast for Everett ; the Jackson Democracy were in full ascen dancy. And now the seventeenth article in the warrant for the annual meeting was " to know if the Town will allow a temperate use of ardent spirits to the Paupers when they work on the road or farm," and by a vote of 86 to 76 it was so ordered. The same year the mysterious disappearance of the con tents of a cask of rum stored at the almshouse was made the subject of a jocose paragraph in a formal report made to the town by one of its committees. The schools also felt this influence. A change for the worse is reflected in the reports of the school com mittee. This committee dates from 1827, when the law passed the year before took effect, and from that time to the present the annual reports are consecu tive. The first was signed by Mr. Greenleaf, as chairman, and was a well-expressed, sensible paper, The following is an extract from a report made some ten years later : " The school in the Centre District has been less satisfactory. The Committee think well of the literary qualifications of the Master, and were satisfied with the course of instruction pur sued in the School and believe that a large portion of the Scholars have made improvement, but the behaviour of a part of the School at the examination was very unbecoming. About half a dozen of the largest Boys distinguished them selves not for their good behaviour, but for their bad behaviour, for which conduct they received the unqualified censure and disapprobation of the Committee." But the slow phase of transition through which Quincy was now passing is marked more distinctly on the "record in the support it accorded to John Quincy Adams than in any other one thing. It is hardly necessary to repeat that the phase referred to was not peculiar to Quincy. It was a popular movement which originated in the West, and spread all over the country. Andrew Jackson was its political exponent. His methods were its methods. The nation was its field, therefore; but its spirit and peculiarities can be most closely studied in the town. It is needless to QUINCY. 367 say, also, that J. Q. Adams was no less obnoxious to the new spirit than the new spirit was to him. He had met it before in the country at large, and been forced to succumb to it. He was now to meet it in his own town. Unlike his father, Mr. Adams had never been closely identified with his birthplace. In deed, from the time he sailed to Europe, in Novem ber, 1779, to the time when, in 1829, he came home a defeated President, — a period of half a century, — he was an almost complete stranger in Quincy. Yet he had a strong hold on the old native population. They saw in him one of themselves. Accordingly, in 1825 the town gave the Adams electoral ticket a unanimous vote, and in the campaign of four years later his victorious opponent received only three bal lots in Quincy. Between 1830 and 1836, Mr. Adams was four times elected to Congress from the Plymouth district, of which Quincy was then a part. At each election he had almost the entire vote of the town.1 In 1833 he was the candidate of the Anti-Masonic party for Governor, and in Quincy he had 149 votes to 97 for the two other candidates. In 1836 the change began, and two years later Morton, for Gov ernor, had 98 majority over Everett in a vote of 432. Notwithstanding this. Mr. Adams still held the town, receiving 183 votes to 76 cast for three other candi dates. Two years later, in the Harrison campaign, Quincy was closely contested. Mr. Adams, owing to his anti-slavery course in Congress, was peculiarly ob noxious to the Democrats. The Harrison ticket had a majority of five votes in the town out of a total of 695, but Marcus Morton for Governor ran 48 votes ahead of John Davis. Mr. Adams, though receiving more votes than Governor Davis, yet fell three behind his own opponent, William M. Jackson, who had 349 votes. In 1842 there was a general collapse of the Whig party. John Tyler was President, and the De mocracy were altogether in the ascendant. In Quincy Morton had a majority of 29, and Mr. Adams was again beaten, Ezra Wilkinson receiving 289 votes, or four more than he Philosophizing over this result in his diary, he remarked that " the people are a wayward master." In 1844 took place the exciting struggle which preceded the Mexican war, and Polk was elected over Clay. In his district Mr. Adams had two opponents, and as the election drew near he looked forward " with scarcely doubting anticipation" to his own defeat. In Quincy the vote was close, but the ¦The exact votes at each election were as follows: Nov. 1, 1830. Adams, 76; Baylies, 2; Thompson, 10. April 1, 1833. Adams, 164; Lincoln, 39; Doan, 11. Nov. 10, 1834. Adams, 125; Brewer, 1. Nov. 14, 1836. Adams, 175; Lincoln, 9: Burrell, 1. Democrats maintained their ascendancy, though "con sisting," as Mr. Adams wrote, " of transient stone cutters from New Hampshire." Mr. Bancroft re ceived eight votes more than Governor Briggs. But this time Mr. Adams had the satisfaction of running considerably ahead of the Presidential ticket, receiv ing 345 votes to 312 cast for Isaac Hull Wright, his Democratic opponent. The election of 1846 was the last in which Mr. Adams was concerned. That was a year of Whig triumph, and even in Quincy the Whig candidate had a large majority. As for Mr. Adams, he seemed to have outlived the opposition to him, and his parting majority from Quincy was a gratifying one. It spoke of earlier times. He re ceived 232 votes to 213 cast for five different oppo nents. Like the others, this last vote in Quincy was sig nificant. To a certain degree only was it personal. The town was entering upon a new and distinct phase of transition which already began to show itself in the election returns. In November, 1845, the Old Col ony railroad was opened to travel, and from that time Quincy became a suburb of Boston. Not, of course, that the change made itself felt at once. The people went on in their accustomed ways ; but none the less, from the beginning of 1846 the country village (for it still was a country village then) and the city were in quick and easy connection. The rest was a mere question of time ; and, indeed, it was twenty-five years before the transition was complete. The suc cessful organization of a suburban land company in the northern part of the town in 1870 marked the event. Boston had again, just two hundred and forty-five years later, had enlargement at Mount Wollaston, and Quincy became a species of sleeping apartment conveniently near to the great city count ing-room. In 1875 the population was returned at 9155, or a little more than fourfold what it was (2201) in 1830, and the order of change from the agricultural village to the suburban town can be briefly recapit ulated. Upon the original yeoman and farm-hand basis the quarry-men had first came in from outside ; while at the same time the young townsmen had gone out of the fields into the shop, abandoning the plow and the scythe for the awl and the last. Then came the Irish laborer, working in the quarries, on the roads and as farm-hand, bringing with him the Catholic Church, and combining with the stone-cutter to vote the Democratic ticket. Last of all appeared the dweller near the city, having store, office, or counting-room in Boston, and regarding Quincy sim ply as a place convenient, at which his family lived 368 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. and he slept. This last class to a very great degree absorbed the descendants of the original settlers, and the whole mass gradually resolved itself into the modern town community. But certainly the change from Parson Tompson and teacher Flynt and Judge Quincy and Deacon Bass to the modern stone-cutter, clerk, and merchant was noticeable. Nor as an his torical study were the characters of the several periods devoid of interest, though the stage was small. The final change in the character of the town thus began with 1846. Less than two years later John Quincy Adams died. The annexation of Texas had then been effected, and the war with Mexico was over. A new political question had forced its way to the front, and slavery was the impending issue. Quincy was never a pro-slavery town. The quarry- men and the Irish voted the Democratic ticket ; but the old native element had always sympathized with Mr. Adams during his long struggle in Congress, and among his townsmen his teachings had not been lost. Many of them were Democrats ; but they were the old Jackson Democrats, who had grown up opposed to the local Federalist and gentry rule of men of the Thomas Greenleaf type, and once they were satisfied that Democracy meant the spread of African slavery, their revolt was a foregone conclusion. But they were slow in coming to that conviction, for these men were closely identified with the leather interests, and the Quincy boot-makers dealt largely with the South. The break came in 1848. The conscience Whigs of Massachusetts then refused to vote for Gen. Taylor, and the Barn-burners of New York refused to vote for Lewis Cass. The two factions met at Buffalo in August of that year, and nominated a separate ticket with Martin Van Buren at its head. The political effect of this in Quincy was singular, and showed how the Congressional action of J. Q. Adams had sunk into the minds of the people there, though the major ity of them had twice voted against him. In Novem ber, 1848, the Democratic party practically disappeared in the town. The Whig party, which had always sup ported and elected ex-President Adams, for the time being retained its strength. It cast 246 votes for Gen. Taylor, having cast 314 for Mr. Clay four years before. But the Democratic strength fell from 324 to 212, while the new liberty party rose from 68 to 170. Horace Mann, Mr. Adams' successor in Con gress, received a majority of 458, in a total vote of 558. A week later came the State election, and the Democratic vote fell to 34, while the Free-Soil ran up to 250, just failing of a plurality. The work of political disintegration had now fairly begun. The Whig organization was crumbling away, while the Democratic, except in its foreign vote, was honey-combed with anti-slavery sentiment. The Free-Soilers, as they were called, held the balance of power. So things went on until 1854. Then the general collapse came, and in Quincy it was complete, As usual, the result of political disintegration was at first in no way what those who had been engaged in bringing it about either anticipated or desired. For more than a dozen years they had been working to break up the old parties, reither of which could in the least be depended on when any question of slavery was at issue. Both were afraid of it, and the Democ racy were at heart false upon it. To break up the old organizations and form a new one on an anti-slavery basis was the darling wish of the agitators. Promi nent among these was Charles Francis Adams, who all his earlier life a resident in Boston and one of its representatives in the Legislature, had upon his father's death become a citizen of Quincy. Mr. Adams in 1848 broke away from the Whig party, and was a candidate for the Vice-Presidency on the ticket with Van Buren. He was now laboring to build up the Free-Soil party, and. in 1853 he had in Quincy been made the victim of a wretched political in trigue among the foreign Democratic voters of the town. A convention was theu to be held to revise the Constitution of the State. Quincy was entitled to two representatives, and it was understood in the town that the Democrats and Free-Soilers would unite, each party naming one delegate. The Free- Soilers were true to their part of the agreement, and on the first ballot a Democrat was chosen. Mr. Adams was the candidate of the Free-Soilers ; but the Irish faction had been worked upon by certain utterly false stories as to his course in the Legislature, and they refused to vote for him. It was simply a case of bad faith and village intrigue. Mr. Adams was accord ingly defeated. But in the town this act of the foreign voters excited deep feeling; nor was it for gotten. The incident occurred in March, 1853. The fol lowing November the proposed revision of the Consti tution was rejected in Quincy by an overwhelming majority, and eighteen months later the town was swept from its moorings by the Native American up rising of the year 1854. The old party lines disap peared. In Quincy the Know-Nothing (as it was called) candidate for Governor, a man never before heard of in politics, received 549 votes to 130 for three other candidates. The foreign vote stood help less and alone. The old party leaders were not so much sent to the rear, as they were left out of sight QUINCY. 3G9 and mind in the senseless rush. The slavery issue was forgotten in the presence of race prejudice. It was but one phase of political disintegration. The old collapsed ; the new crystallized. But for the moment it seemed to the anti-slavery workers as if their labors had resulted in chaos ; they had endeavored to inspire the popular mind with the spirit of liberty, and instead they had evoked a demon of hate. Nowhere did this spirit of intolerance rage more strongly than in Quincy. It required four whole years to allay it, and now in 1857, when the Know- Nothing candidate for Governor was overwhelmingly defeated in the State at large, in Quincy he had more than one hundred plurality. The quarrymen and the shoemakers were united against the Irishmen. At last, in 1858, the anti-slavery issue asserted its su premacy. Even then Quincy, reflecting its unassim- ilated constituency, came but slowly back to its moor ings. The foreign, as distinguished from the local element, still preponderated, though they could not act together. Accordingly, in the great Lincoln campaign of 1860, when the Bepublican ticket re ceived a majority of forty-four thousand in the State, in Quincy it had only a plurality. Again in 1862, the year of deepest discouragement during the war, Quincy was one of those towns in which Governor Andrew fell behind, his Whig and Democratic op ponent receiving eighty-four more votes than he. Yet in the State Andrew had over twenty-eight thousand majority. This did not happen again, and in the cru cial election of 1864 Quincy at last squarely ranged itself on the loyal side, the Lincoln ticket receiving a majority of two hundred and thirty-four in a total vote of less than a thousand. Indeed, all the other elements were then united against the foreign vote and that large faction, composed of the croakers, the fault-finding and the otherwise-minded, which never fails to make its presence felt under the wearisome pressure of war. First and last Quincy did its full share in the work of educating New England and the North up to the point of facing and overcoming the Rebellion. It also was not wanting later. Yet, as in the war of independence so now, the largest contribution of the town was neither in men nor in money, though as re spects both the calls were honored. As John Adams was the great contribution of Braintree North Pre cinct to the Revolution, so his grandson, Charles Francis Adams, was the great contribution of Quincy in the Rebellion. When the war broke out Mr. Adams represented the Quincy district in Congress. He had been elected in 1858, on the final subsidence of the Native American flood, and in 1860 he was 24 re-elected on the Lincoln ticket.1 In March, 1861, his first Congressional term was just completed. He was then nominated by Mr. Lincoln as minister to Great Britain. In May he left the country, and he remained abroad until the summer of 1868. His ser vices in London are part of the Quincy war record, but they do not belong to local history. In other respects the record of Quincy in the Be- bellion was in no way remarkable. The town did its share. It freely contributed money and supplies, and it sent out men. But of the men it sent out, whether to the army or the navy, there were none who rose to distinction. At the close of the Rebellion as before it, Deacon Joseph Palmer, the Revolutionary brigadier-general, was still Quincy's ranking officer.2 During the war, that is, between the years 1861 and 1865, the population of the town was about 6750, while its valuation was returned at a little less than four millions of dollars. It could number probably 2200 men capable of bearing arms. First and last it sent into the field almost one entire regiment, or 954 men, 757 of whom enlisted for the full term of three years. Of the whole number, 39 were killed in battle and 18 died in rebel prisons. In all 105, or one in every nine who went out, lost their lives. Still others were maimed. But a Quincy lad, a member of one of the families the name of which is most often found in the more recent records of the town, fell in the very first action of the war. On the 10th of June, 1861, occurred the affair at Big Bethel, Va., and young Theodore Winthrop was killed. For days after the country rang with his name ; nor is it yet forgotten. At the same time Francis L. Souther, of Quincy, was mortally wounded. A mere boy, he was a member of the Hancock Light Guard, as the Quincy company was called, and had gone with it when the Fourth Regiment of Massachusetts militia was rushed off to Fortress Monroe. His companions presently sent his body home, and it was buried in .his native town. Afterwards many others were killed or died, and war's mortality became a thing of course. But it was the sudden tidings of young Souther's death, coming in 1 In neither of these elections did Mr. Adams receive a ma jority vote in Quincy. In both he received more votes than any one else on the ticket with him, but while in the election of 1858 he had a plurality of fifty-nine votes, in that of I860 his opponent, Leverett Saltonstall, had seventeen votes more than he, 465 to 448, with 7 scattering. 2 The highest commission issued to a Quincy man in the Re bellion was that of colonel. There were three colonels, Packard, Walker, and Adams, the two former of infantry and the last of cavalry. The service of Col. Adams was the longest, covering three years and a half. At the close of the war he was among the large number who received the brevet of brigadier-general. 370 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. those early days of June, 1861, which first caused the people of Quincy to realize that their young men had gone out to actual battle. The money cost of the Rebellion to the towns of Massachusetts, apart from what their inhabitants then or later contributed in national taxes, was not large. In the case of Quincy it amounted to less than $50,000, including the subscriptions of citizens to bounty funds. In 1861 the town owed $35,000 ; in 1865 it owed $57,000. The whole increase of debt due to the war was not equal to one per cent, of the valuation. Neither was the rate of taxation be tween 1861 and 1865 peculiarly high, or the increase of it rapid. Indeed, the era of extravagance and heavy expenditure followed the Rebellion rather than marked its progress. Nor was the excessive taxation subsequently imposed the result of an effort to clear off burdens due to the war. On the contrary, the debt yearly grew larger, so that while between 1861 and 1865, the war period, the rate of taxation increased but one-third, and the debt but $35,000, in the four years of peace which followed the rate of taxation increased eighty per cent., while the debt was $16,000 larger in 1869 than it had been in 1865. Indeed, compared with that of the Revolution, the burden of the Rebellion, whether in men or in money, was for Quincy light and easy to be borne. In the Revolution there was no general government or system of national taxation to fall back upon. The States had to meet the requisitions directly ; and the States made their calls upon the towns. Accordingly, it has been already seen that Braintree then sent into the field first and last two men out of every three capable of bearing arms, while a fourth part of the whole wealth accumulated through a century and a half was con sumed in the struggle. During the Bebellion not two men in five did military duty, nor was the ac cumulated wealth diminished at all. On the contrary, even allowing for an altered standard of value, in 1865 the town was unquestionably richer than it was in 1860. The close of the Rebellion left Quincy a town of nearly 7000 population, and from that time forward the increase both in numbers and in wealth was rapid. The last vestiges of village life now passed away, and the suburban town assumed shape. This change could not take place without bringing up new problems for solution. The first and most important of these related to municipal government. It was one thing to manage the affairs of a small village community through the machinery of town-meetings ; it was quite another to manage those of a place num bering a population of 12,000. In 1830 the annual appropriation for necessary town expenses was $4500, It has been seen how this sum was voted by a small body of men, all knowing each other well, having a community of interest, and acting under a usage which had the force of law. Forty-five years later in 1876, the annual appropriation was $116 000 and the articles in the warrant had swollen from half a dozen in number to nearly forty. The char acter of the town-meeting also had changed. In place of the few score rustics following the accustomed lead of the parson and squire, and asserting them selves only when they thought that their traditions or equality were ignored, — in place of this small, easily- managed body, there was met a heterogeneous mass of men numbering hundreds, jealous, unacquainted, and often in part bent on carrying out some secret arrangement in which private interest overrode all sense of public welfare. To maintain in these meet ings that degree of order which is necessary for trans acting business in a methodical way was not easy. The multifarious affairs of a year were to be at tended to in a single day. Town officers were to be' elected ; the appropriations were to be considered and voted ; the policy of the town on all disputed points was to be decided. These points also included every thing, — education, roads, health, temperance; for in the course of growth the functions of municipal government had expanded and branched out until simplicity had become a tradition. The poll-lists contained the names of more than two thousand; voters. For these to come together as one legislative body and pass upon numerous and difficult questions in a few hours would at first seem impossible. The suggestion of such a scheme of municipal government as a new idea of his own would cause any political thinker to be looked upon as a foolish theorist. The thing is deemed practical simply because it is habit ually done. But to adapt the old village system to the new town conditions was the problem which Quincy, in common with many other Massachusetts towns still clinging to the ancient ways, found forced upon it. Nor is the town-meeting in its actual working fully under stood. Since De Tocqueville fifty years ago made it the fashion, much has been written and said of this New England institution. It has been often described and infinitely lauded ; but it may well be doubted whether one in ten of those who have philosophized over town- meetings ever attended one, much more ever took part in one. Yet without having done so it is as difficult to understand the practical working of the system as it is to describe war without ever having served in an army or seen a battle. The ideal town-meeting is one thing ; the actual town-meeting is apt to be a QUINCY. 371 very different thing. To the historical theorist who should attend one, it would not improbably be the rude dispelling of a fanciful delusion. He would come away from it rather amazed that civilized gov ernment was possible through such a system than understanding how New England was built up by it. That the town-meeting, as a practical method of con ducting municipal affairs, should break down under the stress to which a dense city population must sub ject it, is a matter of course. It did so in Athens and in Rome before it did so in Boston ; for Demos thenes and Cicero as well as James Otis and Josiah Quincy were town-meeting orators. Just in the de gree in which civic population increases, therefore, the town-meeting becomes unwieldy and unreliable, until at last it has to be laid aside as something which the community has outgrown. It becomes a relic, though always an interesting one, of a simpler, and possibly better past. Moreover, the indications that the system ¦ is breaking down are always the same. The meet ings become numerous, noisy, and unable to dispose of business. Disputed questions cannot be decided ; : demagogues obtain control ; the more intelligent cease to attend. In all these respects, the experience of Quincy has afforded interesting matter for study. Retween the years 1840 and 1872 the town-meet ing there fell to its lowest point of usefulness. It has already been said that prior to 1840 it might have been seen in its most perfect form. But during the later Jacksonian period Thomas Greenleaf, and , the class of men of which he was a type, lost their hold. They were supplanted by others altogether inferior. The business of the town had then for years been done in an orderly and intelligent way. Everything of importance was at the annual meeting referred to committees for consideration ; and these committees made reports upon which the town acted at its adjourned meetings. No method of govern ment could have worked better, for the townsmen were accustomed to it. This it was which De Tocqueville lauded so highly. But there was an other and far from uncommon phase of the system which might at any time have been studied in Quincy during the score of years between 1850 and 1870. Had De Tocqueville then visited the place on a town-meeting day he would have gone into a large hall the floor of which, sprinkled with sawdust and foul with tobacco-juice, was thronged by a mass of noisy men, standing in groups or moving inces santly to and fro, and in and out. There were no rows of seats in the room, and but one bench, which ran along its sides. The men all wore their hats, and many of them had pipes or cigars in their mouths ; while the air reeked with odors, tobacco- smoke being among the least objectionable. Quite a number of those present had plainly been drinking. On a platform at the further end of the hall was a desk, behind which were the moderator and the clerk. The town business for the whole year was being dis posed of and the appropriations voted. Amid a con tinuous sound of voices and moving feet the moderator would bring up in succession the articles in the war rant. The custom of referring them to committees had fallen into disuse, and been abandoned in 1852. After that year everything was disposed of in a single day and on the spot. It was supposed to be a more prompt, more energetic, more popular way of deal ing with business. Accordingly, the disposition which might be made of any subject was very much matter of chance. Certain questions the town, or individuals in the meeting, might be on the watch for. These had been discussed outside, and were or were not to pass unchallenged. But orderly debate was impos sible. Now and again some one would uncover and address the moderator. For an instant there would be silence. If the speaker then knew what he wanted to say and how to say it, he would be lis tened to, always provided he spoke briefly and to the point. If he told a funny story or made a broad joke he would be uproariously applauded. The comic performer was a dangerous antagonist in town- meeting. If, on the other hand, the speaker was long, or dull, or pointless, his voice was soon lost in the hubbub of those moving and talking about him. For the moderator to preserve order and quiet was simply impossible. The audience was numerous, and almost no one was seated. Tired and restless, those composing it were also excited and noisy. Many of them wanted what they called " fun," and there was a great deal of horse-play going on. The Dutch auction in the choice of tax-collector was in this respect the episode of the occasion. The office was put up to the lowest bidder. Some one would offer to make the collections for five cents on the dollar, and then would follow bid upon bid, each lower than the other, until at last, amid shouts of laughter and applause, the prize would be struck off at three mills on the dollar or less. Finally the war rant would be disposed of, the appropriations voted, and the meeting stand adjourned. Then at last the moderator and the clerk would get together, and from their notes and memories manufacture a record. A few days later the town would for the first time know what it had done at its annual meeting. Such a meeting as that described would also be looked upon as a usual and orderly one. The busi- 372 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. ness would have been transacted in a regular way. All meetings were not so. Occasionally there would be an organized faction there bent on putting through some job. For instance, in 1844 the town was pro foundly agitated over the great question of where the new town hall should stand. Should it, moreover, be built of wood or of Quincy granite ? After numerous town-meetings and many reconsiderations, the party in the Centre came to a quiet understanding with the quarrymen that, if the site of the hall was fixed in the Centre, the building should be of stone. The quarry- men would have the contract. Accordingly a town- meeting was held on the 18th of April, and this pro gramme was carried out. All previous action was reconsidered, and then by a vote of 325 to 229 — numbers unprecedented — the questions of site and material were decided. The wrath of the Point and the South at this political bargain and sale was in tense ; nor did it fail to find speedy expression. Two days later another town-meeting was called. And now the Point, the South, and the West combined in revenge against the Centre and the North, and voted themselves three fire-engines, with hose com plete, and directed the town treasurer to borrow money to pay for the same. A debt of forty years' duration was due to that town-meeting episode. When the affairs of any community are managed in this way, it scarcely needs to be said that they soon fall into confusion. Want of method may be demo cratic, but it is not business-like. Quincy proved no exception to the rule. In 1870 government by town- meeting was there plainly breaking down. A general laxity in ways of doing public business had crept into all the departments. The school committee, the sur veyors of highways, the overseers of the poor, the en gineers of the fire department were in the custom of asking for such appropriations as they thought suffi cient. If in the hurly-burly of town-meeting these were voted, it was well and good. Those who had the disbursements to make would then keep within the sum allotted them, provided they were under no special temptation to exceed it. If the whole amount asked for was not voted, it would be spent all the same ; and the town found itself liable for the bills its agents had contracted. There was no great amount of jobbery and scarcely any corruption, except in the small and more contemptible way ; but the soil was being rapidly prepared both for jobbery and corrup tion. The growth of a municipal " ring," the mem bers of which would live on taxpayers just as par asites live on dogs, was a mere question of time. The laborer who worked on the roads, the pauper who lived at home while the town paid his rent, the trades man who supplied the pensioned- poor, all began to feel a direct interest in the growth of bad govern- ment. As yet the evil had made no great headway but the sense of official responsibility and obedience to instructions was already relaxed. Officers were disposed to do what seemed in their own eyes "about right," regardless of rule ; and the town good-na turedly condoned the offense. The result was that the finances fell into confusion. Every year a liberal appropriation would be made to reduce the town debt, but each year saw that debt grow larger. It rose in this way from $8000 in 1844 to $112,000 in 1874, and a committee then reported that it repre sented an outlay incurred neither for educational or war or other special purposes. It was a pure de ficiency debt. The money time and again raised to pay it off had been regularly diverted, and applied to those ordinary purposes, the amount spent on account of which regularly exceeded the sums appropriated by the town. Such were the facts. It remained to find a rem edy. This remedy was found not in a representative city government, but in a return to the old and cor rect town-meeting methods ; and in this matter the experience of Quincy might be of value to her sister- towns, for many of them have already found them selves, and others yet will find themselves, in the same position. The younger John Quincy Adams had then for years been chosen by common consent as the moderator of all town-meetings at which he was present. Mortified at the way in which busi ness was done and at his own inability to preserve order, he announced a reform. In 1870, when the town came together at the annual meeting, after the polls for the choice of officers were closed the hall was ordered to be cleared and seats brought in. Then, after the vote was declared, the articles in the warrant were taken up, but not until every voter was uncov ered and seated, and pipes and cigars extinguished, Order was thus established, and deliberation became possible. This was a great step gained ; but more was necessary. The warrant had now grown to thirty, and even forty articles, all of which were acted upon in the single evening of a day which had been occupied with voting. The townsmen were tired, excited, noisy, and in no mood to do business. Accordingly, in 1874 a new step was taken, and the town went fairly back to that old system which had been abandoned more than twenty years before. When at the annual meeting officers were elected, it was also voted to refer all the business articles in the warrant to a large com mittee, which was to subdivide itself, investigate everything, and at an adjourned meeting report its QUINCY. 373 conclusions in the form of votes properly drawn up. These the town would then consider. The result of this return to business-like methods was remarkable. The town-meeting at once showed itself equal to the occasion. After 1874 every ques tion was again fairly considered and acted upon intel ligently, with full opportunity for debate ; the appro priations were carefully made, and all officers required to keep the expenses within them ; a responsible gov ernment was established. Then, as if by magic, the finances assumed shape. The debt which for nearly half a century had defied every effort to extinguish it, now fell in nine years from $112,000 to $19,000, and then shortly disappeared. Deficiencies were met by special appropriations ; exceptional outlays were distributed over a series of years ; rigid accountability was established. This was done through an intelli gent development of the ancient village system ; and it is probably safe to assert that never in the two centuries and a half of town history had that system worked so well, or to such general satisfaction, as during these years when Quincy had grown in wealth and population to city limits. Nor did the reform in town methods stop here. It extended itself into other fields. The work done at this time in the schools has already been described. But while Mr. Parker was busy in one way there, an other man was busy in a very different way elsewhere. In the days of John Adams it has been seen that Rraintree did not enjoy a reputation for temper ance. His labors in that field of reform, and the poor results derived from them, have been referred to. As time passed on the state of things hardly seems to have improved ; and the large foreign element which the working of syenite brought into the town tended to make it distinctly worse. The Washingtonian movement made some headway before 1840 ; but, even then, when a temperance convention was to be held in Quincy, the use of the stone church was re fused it. Mr. Adams being invited to deliver an ad dress before that convention, accepted ; and then, to their dismay, the parish authorities found that they had shut the ex-President out of his own church. It was too late to retract, and the address on tem perance was delivered elsewhere. It was at this time that the town voted (117 to 81) " to discontinue the use of ardent spirits at the almshouse ;" but still, and for several years to come, the post office was in the bar room of the principal tavern, and thither, among drink ing men, daily went women and little girls and boys to have letters and papers handed to them across a coun ter which reeked of rum. Then came the period of anti-slavery education, and the minds and thoughts of all were absorbed in that. At last, when the Rebellion was suppressed, it is not too much to say that, through its peculiarities of position, population and labor, Quincy was a stronghold of the liquor interest. In deed, peace was scarcely established, and the wave of sctional feeling had not yet begun to subside, before the town was again Democratic. In 1867 it gave J. Q. Adams 650 votes, to 348 which it cast for the Republican ticket. For a town to be Democratic on State issues and Republican on national issues — and that was the position of Quincy — meant then but one thing. It meant intemperance. The foreign vote combined with the Democratic vote, and, having the ascendency, decreed that unrestrained sale of spirits against which John Adams had so manfully contended. Where such an evil exists, some man is very sure soon to rise up and protest against it. In Quincy that man appeared in the person of one descended from the oldest of North Precinct stock, for the name of Faxon is met with on many pages of the town records, and can be found on not a few head-stones in the old graveyard. Henry H. Faxon was a man of many peculiarities. Into these it is not necessary to enter. It is sufficient here to say that he became deeply interested in the cause of temperance. Per haps it would be more correct to say in the cause of total abstinence ; for in the virtue of temperance, whether in drink or speech, he had but limited faith. Very imperfectly educated, Mr. Faxon was not con spicuous for dignity of bearing ; and as a public speaker his deliverances were more noted for direct ness and frequency than for eloquence or correctness of speech. He was known to address the audience forty times at a single annual town-meeting, and hardly once in those forty times did his remarks fail to elicit laughter, cheers, or hisses. That he was deficient in judgment it is hardly necessary to say. Yet, though often exciting unnecessary opposition and ridicule by his methods and the way with which in place and out of place he advocated the reform he had come to have at heart, he clung to it with a tenacity sure to produce results. Many at first doubted his sincerity, but he showed that he was in earnest by the freedom with which he contributed his labor, his time, and his money. His attacks on individuals were so open, public, and fearless that from the mouth of any one else they would have been sure to lead to blows. Once they did so in his case ; and he was often threat ened. Much of his security lay probably in the fact that he was not malignant. Indeed, he was good- natured in his enmities. He did not lose bis temper, and become ugly and bitter under defeat ; nor did he follow up wrongs or slights in any spirit of revenge. 374 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. He had apparently none of that brooding desire to " get even,'' as it is expressed, with a successful op ponent, which is always the characteristic of small, vindictive, and sour-tempered men. Under these cir cumstances, while in town-meeting, and not without cause, his opponents laughed and jeered at him and hustled him, yet he laughed and jeered in return. So Yankee met Yankee ; but his work went on. It was a long, hard fight. Not only was a sentiment of re form to be roused, but a strong business and political combination had to be broken down. The town had become in a certain way a liquor-selling centre, and, as usual, the thing had worked its way into local poli tics. The reputation of the place suffered. John Adams noted down in 1760 that to be " as litigious as Braintree" had become a common expression ; so now it was said that other towns were " as intemper ate as Quincy." It was spoken of as " a hard place," and the stone-cutting population was held accountable for it. The evils of the thing also were keenly felt in many households. Mothers and fathers saw their young sons falling into drunken ways. But it had always been so, and the political combination which favored the continuance of the system was very strong. The Democratic leaders controlled the foreign vote, and the liquor interest had a complete understanding with the Democratic leaders. The foreign vote was thus juggled into perpetuating a system under which those whom it represented suffered more than any others in the community. So things went on year after year. But as wealth and population increased it grew plain that it was not only a question of temperance. The cause of good and honest municipal government was also involved. The condition of affairs in this respect already de scribed was rapidly growing from bad to worse. No reform in town-meeting methods would suffice unless the dominant combination was broken down. Then Mr. Faxon found new and potent allies, and suddenly the town was revolutionized. In March, 1881, a Democratic and liquor licensing board of selectmen was, as usual, chosen. That same year, largely through the efforts of Mr. Faxon, the law of the State was changed so that the question whether "licenses be granted for the sale of intoxicating liquors in this town" was presented squarely to the voters. The result was astonishing. In 1882 there were 1057 who voted " No," to 475 who voted " Yes." When the thing was presented in this plain way the issue was understood, and the foreign vote broke from Democratic control. At the same time the friends of good government and temperance came together. The town-meeting had been reformed, and now the bar room was closed. ,But the length of the struggle against the last is worthy of record. It largely ex ceeded a century ; for in 1760, John Adams described himself, to use his own words, as dischargin" his venom " against the multitude, poverty, ill govern ment, and ill effects of licensed houses, and the tim orous temper, as well as criminal design of the select men" who licensed them; but not until 1882, one hundred and twenty-two years later, did his local successor in that crusade close, at least for the time being, the last of those houses in Quincy. In the " Memoirs of John Quincy Adams" there is a striking passage wherein he records his boding thoughts as he wandered about his native town one day near the close of October in the year 1844. He was then an old man, for it was hard upon seventy years since he had, as a boy, served as post-rider between Braintree and Boston. Anxious, despond ent, overworked, he at this time had just received the tidings of those earlier elections which indicated the choice of Polk as President, foreshadowing the annexation of Texas and the spread of slavery. He looked upon his own re-election to Congress as im probable. Engaged in bitter political controversy, neariug his own end, he foresaw more clearly than others the terrible trials which did indeed then re motely impend over the country. It was the month of October, and the time and the solitude quickened his feelings. He thus described them : " I took a walk round the garden, nursery, and orchard. The . desolation of the season cast a gloom on my spirits. The fruit has been gathered from all the trees. The ground is strewn with sere red and yellow leaves; it is wet and gathered in clods. Most of the large trees are mere stems, stripped of all their leaves. I hastened in from this prospect. Again, as the sun went down, I walked up the hill to Charles' house,1 to seethe sunset. But, although it was not quite five o'clock, the sun was already behind Mount Ararat. I went further over the hill, and surveyed the village, the surrounding country, the harbor and bay of Boston, the State-House of Boston itself, and the shaft of Bunker Hill Monument; and memory re turned to the fact that this day eighty years ago 2 my father and mother were united in marriage. What an ordo sxeti- lorum commenced for me from that day! What was then the condition of the people who constituted the town of Braintree? What is the condition of the three towns of Quincy, Braintree, and Randolph now ? And what will be the condition of the occupiers of the soil of these three towns in eighty years from this day ? The recollection of the past is pleasing and melan- 1 This was the house, still standing, on President's Hill, built in 1841 by Charles Francis Adams, and in which he lived for several summers. It was the custom of President Adams when at Quincy to watob. the sun rise and set from the piazsa of this house every fine day; but when he wrote it was vacant, his son having moved to his winter residence in Boston. 2 Oct. 25, 1764. QUINCY. 375 oly; the prospect of the future — oh, how gloomy it is! it a soul now lives who was then in tho bloom of life. Not soul now living will be here in 1924. My own term — how on it will close ! And to whom will all this belong in eighty urs from this day ? Will prayer to God preserve the ¦anohes and shoots from my father's stock 1" One-half of the allotted period thus sadly forecast j already gone. Nor was it without reason, in the utumn of 1844, that to the trained eye of the old tatesman the future seemed gloomy, for over it louds both thick and black were then already ;athering. His were no idle forebodings, for better han any one else he realized what those clouds por- ;ended. What he feared came about. At last that ilavery question on which his whole mind was ntent ripened into war, — a civil war which involved lis native place and his family, even as it and he had Deen involved in his own early youth. But all in good time each new danger was met and overcome by those who succeeded him, just as he and his had met and overcome their dangers in the past. And now that forty years have elapsed, it may fairly and truthfully be said that Quincy has not before met better days. There is also a stability and perma nence in the town which in America is not always Been. It adheres to the ancient ways. The inhab itants yet meet in their own hall and manage their own affairs as did their fathers for generations before. And just as, a century and a half ago, John Quincy by common consent presided over each town-meeting that was held, so now does a descendant five gener ations removed, but still bearing his name. Never in the history of the town were those meetings more orderly, more intelligent, or more prone to do right. Never was the town so populous, so rich, or so tem perate. It is now more than two hundred and sixty years since Miles Standish first set foot on the Squan tum beach, and six years only are wanting to com plete a quarter of a millennium of continuous munici pal life. Two centuries and a half is no small portion of recorded history, and there are few forms of human government to which a longer existence is given. It is hardly to be .expected that the old simple village system, even in its most developed shape, can in Quincy long outlast that period. But none the less, whatever the future may have in store, it may fairly be said that never did the town contain within its limits .so many prosperous, well-to-do, contented, self- governed, and well-governed human beings as are con tained within them to-day. Never was the standard of virtue, temperance, education, and public spirit so high, Never did Quincy face the coming years with such confidence in its own ability to master each new difficulty as it shall arise. As in 1844, " the recol lection of the past is pleasing ;" but in 1884 " the prospect of the future" cannot be said to be " gloomy." BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. THOMAS ADAMS. Thomas Adams, for many years sheriff of Norfolk County, was born in Quincy (then Braintree), April 19, 1804. He had but the educational advantages of the farmers' boys of the period of his youth, but what they supplied him was retained and used with profit during his life. He married Mehetabel, daughter of Joseph and Belief (Baxter) Field, April 4, 1826. (She was born Jan. 3, 1804.) He early became identified as a political worker with the Whig party, and received the appointment of deputy-sheriff, for which office he possessed great qualifications, and whose duties he discharged to the perfect satisfaction of the people. He was continued a long time as deputy, and so much were his services demanded, that he relinquished all other business, removed from Quincy to Boxbury in 1842, and was prominent in official relations. Marked and decided in his char acter, positive and energetic in his nature, he showed such adaptability to the duties devolving upon him, that when placed in nomination for high sheriff he was elected by a very flattering vote, which also con tinued him for many years in this office. Probably no resident of the county was better fitted for this position than Mr. Adams. He was popular, quite humorous, could both tell and enjoy a good story, had a large circle of friends among the best men of both political creeds, and united with a gentlemanly bearing and fine personal presence undaunted courage and rapidity of execution. He felt all the dignity of his office and sustained it well, but ever softened the sharp edges of his duty by his kindness and human ity toward those upon whom he was forced to execute his power. To this end he often took responsibilities from which weaker men would have shrunk. Ex- Governor Gaston relates the following instance of his kindness of heart : " One Saturday a man was re manded to his custody until Monday. Mr. Adams turning to him, asked, ' Do you want to be with your family over Sunday ?' The man answered ' Yes.' ' Go home, then, and be here when court opens,' said Mr. Adams. The man went joyfully, and was prompt in his attendance at the opening of court on Monday." 376 HISTOBY OF NOBFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. Such characteristics as these did not fail to give him a large personal following of friends. Outside of his official duties, he was an able business man, a valued member of the Sagamore Club, an excellent citizen, and acquired wealth. He was very hospitable, and was noted for his kindness in aiding young men both by his counsels and monetary assistance. During the Bebellion he filled numerous contracts for horses for the government. For this he was well qualified, as he had a great love for and skill in selecting fine horses. He was the original inceptor, and became one of the incorporators and directors of the Bock- land Bank, now Bockland National Bank, Boxbury, with which he was identified until his death, which occurred Jan. 2, 1869. Mrs. Adams, who survives him, is an amiable lady of gentle and unassuming man ners, possessing the same kindness of heart toward the poor and unfortunate as Mr. Adams, and is noted for her benevolence and charity. JAMES A. STETSON, M.D. James A. Stetson, M.D., son of Maj. Amos Stetson, was born in Braintree, Dec. 28, 1806. He acquired a classical education and was graduated at Columbia College, New York, and afterwards studied medicine at the Harvard Medical School. He came to Quincy about 1830, not long after his graduation, and estab lished himself as a physician. His agreeable manners and well-founded medical knowledge soon made him popular among all classes, and at the time of his mar riage he had built up a fine practice. He married, Nov. 10, 1842, Abigail F., oldest daughter of Josiah Brigham, of Quincy. Their children are Josiah B. and James H. Josiah B. is a teacher of vocal and instrumental music in Boston. James H. is a sales man and commercial traveler, and is in the employ of a Boston wholesale firm. As a physician Dr. Stetson was skillful and suc cessful, possessing great judgment and decision which always inspired confidence in him ; kind, charitable, and faithful, he was ever ready to attend the calls of the poor, and never required a fee if he thought they were unable to pay for his services. At the time of his decease, which occurred March 15, 1880, he was the oldest practicing physician in Norfolk County, having been the representative phy sician of Quincy for about half a century. He had a very extensive practice, and not until failing health, some ten years before his death, warned him that his labors were too engrossing and fatiguing, did he com mence to relinquish his work to younger physicians. Politically Dr. Stetson was a Democrat, and at one time he was elected to represent the town in the Gen eral Court, but aside from that, we believe held no public office. His religious belief was that of the Unitarians. As a physician, citizen, and friend, Dr, Stetson won all hearts by his unpretentious goodness, unassuming manners, fidelity, and probity. Probably no man ever lived in Quincy who had a larger circle of strong personal friends. He was a highly respected member of the Massachusetts Medical Society, and kept himself well versed in everything pertaining to the advancement of his chosen profession. He was well read in the current literature of the day, and always deeply interested in the progress of art and discoveries of science. His clearness of mental vision gave strength to all his convictions. His opinions were not hastily formed, but were tena ciously held, and, when occasion offered, fearlessly expressed, whether upon social, political, or religious subjects. If his prejudices were sometimes strong, they were not invincible, for he was open to argu ment, and candid in weighing the reasons of his opponents. His independence of nature made him superior to the love of popularity and to the pursuit of it, and kept him through life (with one exception) from taking public place or official position. He was impatient of all that was vulgar and pretentious, in tolerant of deception, prevarication, and meanness. His dislike of ostentation led him to veil beneath a somewhat cold exterior a generosity of character and a tenderness of feeling which were among his most striking traits, and which will be borne witness to by all who were admitted to the intimacy of his friend ship. He was a sincere Christian, one of the firmest of friends, and one of the most thoroughly honest and .upright of men. HENRY HARDWICK FAXON. Henry Hardwick Faxon, son of Job and Judith B. (Hardwick) Faxon, was born in Quincy, Mass., Sept. 28, 1823. He is a descendant in the eighth generation of Thomas Faxon, who came, with his wife, daughter, and two sons, from England to America previous to 1647, and settled in that part of Braintree now Quincy. He consequently repre sents one of the oldest New England families in this section. Job Faxon was quite an extensive farmer, owning and managing, in connection with his farm, a stall in Quincy Market, Boston, for many years, and leaving at his death an estate of forty thousand dollars. tiu^tm. QUINCY. 377 Henry passed his youth on the farm, with merely common-school advantages for education. He was apprenticed to learn the shoemaker's trade when about sixteen, and during his five years' experience became thoroughly conversant with the manufacture of all parts of a boot and shoe. In 1843, in company with his brother John, he began manufacturing boots and shoes principally for the Boston and Baltimore markets. About 1846 he changed his business, opening a retail grocery and provision store in Quincy, which he conducted for about seven years. During the last three years of that time he carried on a bakery, and also was a real-estate and merchan dise auctioneer. His temperament was too active, however, to be confined within the comparatively narrow limits of country trade, and he became a re tail grocer at the corner of South and Beach Streets, Boston, the firm-name being " Faxon, Wood & Co." Two years later he, with his brothers, moved to Com mercial Street, changing the title of the firm to " Faxon Brothers & Co.," and the business to whole sale transactions exclusively. In 1861, retiring from the firm, Mr. Faxon went to New Orleans and made large purchases of molasses, shipping it to his former partners. Beturning to Boston the next year, he engaged in speculating on Chatham Street, and subse quently located on India Wharf. Here he operated largely in chicory, kerosene oil, raisins, spices, and everything in the way of staple merchandise upon which he could realize a profit. At this time Mr. Faxon had given no special thought to temperance matters, and was not himself a " total abstainer." Anticipating the rise in the price of liquors on account of an in crease of duty, he purchased several hundred barrels of whiskey and rum, and held them for the expected advance. The result proved the accuracy of his judgment. This is the transaction upon which Mr. Faxon's bibulous opponents have founded the essen tially false charge, so often heard, that he " made his money selling rum," the intention being to convey the impression that the temperance campaigner was at one time in his life distinctively a liquor-seller. Kelinquishing speculation, he dealt in real estate on a large scale, and it was in this that he made the bulk of bis fortune. He purchased for the most part at auction, and through careful management cleared great amounts of money. He is now the largest real-estate owner in Quincy, where he has about one hundred tenants, besides having nearly the same number in Boston and Chelsea. He married, Nov. 18, 1852, Mary B., daughter of Israel W. and Pris- cilla L. (Burbank) Munroe. They have one child, Henry Munroe, born May 22, 1864. Mr. Faxon was chosen to represent Quincy in the State Legislature, as a Bepublican, in 1864 and 1871. With these exceptions, Mr. Faxon has never held public office, save his present peculiar one of " Special Police," to enforce the laws relative to the sale of in toxicating liquors in Quincy. A man of rare judg ment, of irrepressible energy, he has " hewed to the line" of an unshaken purpose. His life is of a type rarely found elsewhere than in America — a note worthy manifestation of that tireless, ceaseless, sleep less effort, ending only at death, which seems to characterize our people, and which strikes thoughtful foreigners with astonishment. As a business man, Mr. Faxon seemed to know intuitively the state of future as well as current markets; and the boldness of his operations, and the manner of his purchases, though unerringly clear to himself, seemed to others audacious, even wild and reckless, and astounded his associates by their successful issues. As a legislator, Mr. Faxon looked keenly to the best interests of bis constituents. His attention was first attracted to the temperance question while a member of the Legisla ture. He voted for all measures tending to restrict the sale of intoxicating liquors. This action on his part was met with fierce denun ciation by the advocates of license, which caused Mr. Faxon to thoroughly investigate the liquor traffic in all its phases. He soon saw the enormity of the evil, and its destructive effects upon society. He imme diately adopted the principles of prohibition, and has since devoted himself untiringly to the temperance cause. It is in connection with this movement that he has become so widely and prominently known. He became at once one of the acknowledged leaders of the temperance forces of Massachusetts, and in augurated a bold, aggressive policy of active and vigorous war on intemperance wherever intrenched. " Through the pulpit, the Sunday-schools, the press, the conventions, the polls, he has assailed the traffic in intoxicating liquors with an uncompromising spirit. He has treated with defiant scorn that political policy which has so often betrayed the friends of prohibitory legislation. Consequently he has encountered much opposition, personal abuse, and misrepresentation of motives ; but his courage, consistency, and persever ance are unyielding. His entire freedom from sec tarian bigotry, and his Christian integrity, place the purity of his motives beyond question, and render in effectual the attacks of those who find his sincerity unsuited to their political purposes." Mr. Faxon has applied the same methods to his temperance work that were so successful in his busi ness career. He has never attempted to use his 378 HISTOBY OF NOBFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. principles as levers to elevate himself to office, but has persistently refused to be a candidate for any position. To use his own words, " I want it distinctly under stood that it is not for office or honor that I take so active a part in politics, but for the satisfaction of do ing what I consider my political duty." He has no affiliation with any third-party movement, holding the Bepublican party as the most reliable medium for re form, and constantly endeavoring, through it, to ac complish the reforms so imperatively demanded by the interests of society ; but he has often been severely censured by its leaders for ignoring party lines. He says, " I do not care for parties, but only for the principles which govern them ; and I have been free in the past to condemn the action of the party to which I am allied, and to bolt nominations, and defeat its candidates, when the good of the people demanded it. I am content to stand between the two great political parties, with my prohibition club, and, in case of an emergency, knock the life out of one or both, unless they accept the issue." Mr. Faxon has used his wealth without stint in aiding the temperance cause, and this has sustained the Beform Clubs in various parts of Massachusetts. During the year when the Beform Club movement was at its height his gifts averaged fifty dollars per day. In Quincy, his home, he has done a noble work. Faxon Hall, a permanent memorial to his name, was erected in 1876, for the Beform Club of Quincy. This, with its furniture, cost eleven thousand dollars, of which he paid more than four-fifths. His zeal and independent political ability have placed him at the head of the prohibitory forces of Massachusetts, and made him a prominent factor in State politics. A State Bepublican Convention without him and his prohibitory resolutions would be a grateful surprise to politicians. He keeps a keen eye on the legislative pro ceedings, and is personally in attendance at nearly every day's session, working with unremitting zeal to advance temperance legislation. He is the bete noire of the politicians of both political parties, who have pretty well settled it that Mr. Faxon is a disturber of the peace, often upsetting the calculations of machine politicians. Probably the most effective bombshell ever dropped in their ranks was the tabulated position of each member of the State Senate and House of Bepresentatives on the temperance question, which was published by him first in 1880, in the Boston Herald, and in numberless pamphlets, as a guide for temperance voters. This was a keen stroke of policy, and resulted so well that it was continued, with the regularity of an almanac, for three years, when, in consequence of the small number of " Yea" and " Nay" votes (which form the basis of the report) taken during the legislative session of 1883, Mr. Faxon was forced to suspend its issue. Mr. Faxon has formulated his political creed in the following : " It may appear presumptuous in the writer to dictate, as some express it, to the great party of the State and Nation; but if the Republican party hopes for success in the future, it has got to adopt certain principles, and carry them out without fear or favor^ " 1st. The colored voter in the Southern States must be pro tected. For every negro hung, shot, or deprived of his rights, hang or shoot the white rebel guilty of depriving him of such rights. " Having given the negroes the right of suffrage, it is the im perative duty of the government to see that they are defended, if it takes a standing army to do it. " I do not believe that any person, with very rare exceptions, should have the right to wield the ballot until he or she can read it, and understand its importance. " Thousands of politicians in the country admit this fact, but they dare not express it from the platform or over their signa tures, for fear it will hurt their political futures. " 2d. The naturalization laws must be enforced and obeyed, so that tho rights of native-born and honest naturalized citizens shall not be trodden upon by foreign-born tramps and criminals, who have cast odium and reproach upon those who are up right. " If I understand it correctly, there are many foreigners made voters through the instrumentalities of false oaths, and other devices, who have not the requisite qualifications entitling them to the right of citizenship. The laws, if enforced, will protect the honestly-naturalized equally with the native-born citizen. No man can find fault with that doctrine. " 3d. The payment of poll taxes. The power to procure by purchase the votes of a low class of bummers and drunkards, ought to be stopped by legal enactments. " It is dangerous for the welfare of any community to be controlled by a class of voters who have not ambition enough to pay their own poll taxes. I will venture to make the asser tion that nine-tenths of those whose poll taxes are paid by charity spend yearly for rum and tobacco thirty times as much as their taxes amount to. "4th. The Republioan party must adopt the principles of temperance, however heavy the burden may be to bear. There are more than seventy thousand voters in this Commonwealth who are in sympathy with the cause, and are determined to press it, in some form or another, into their political creed; and there is a proportionate number in many other States in the Union. " 5th. Women must have the power to wield the ballot; and that privilege will have to be advanced and obtained through the Republican party. The mothers and daughters of Massa chusetts have the undeniable right to a voice in this matter, and it will be an honor to any organization or party that shall aid women in their desire to help control the affairs of gov ernment." Mr. Faxon considers the press a powerful agent in temperance work. In the campaigns of the past three years he has sent out an average, for each working- day, of over one thousand printed documents contain ing facts, statements, and appeals to temperance voters. He has compiled, and scattered broadcast, many copies QUINCY. 379 of a volume which has cost him much labor, entitled " Extracts from the Public Statutes : containing all legislation relating to the liquor traffic, with a digest of the decisions of the Supreme Court bearing upon these matters, with full table of contents and indexes." This is a most valuable work. He uses the columns of newspapers unsparingly, and often occupies the supplement to the Boston Herald with his " temper ance broadsides." His headquarters for " Temperance Republican" work is at No. 36 Bromfield Street, Bos ton. He receives far more editorial attention than any other temperance reformer,: — bitter denunciations, slurs, misrepresentations, as well as commendations and approvals, — and he is probably more hated and feared by professed politicians than any other man in the political arena. Their attacks never disconcert him, however, but are received with perfect good na ture and unruffled temper. He keeps a number of scrap-books, in which he methodically and carefully preserves all criticisms pro and con, all sorts of infor mation concerning politics and politicians, proceedings of conventions and legislative bodies, and other arti cles, from which to draw ammunition in the future. As a speaker, Mr. Faxon is ready, outspoken, and blunt, never falling in line with any " cut-and-dried" policy or plan, but speaking freely, and directly to the point, under all circumstances, even when silence would seem to others the more advantageous. It has been said frequently by his political enemies, as well as friends, " If Faxon only knew better when to talk and when to hold his tongue, with his ability as a campaigner, backed by his wealth, he might easily ask and receive from the Bepublican party of Massa chusetts any office in its gift — even that of Governor." Mr. Faxon, however, prefers his independence. He says, " I don't care a straw for any office ; I won't take one. It would tie my hands to be an office holder, and I want to be left free. As for talking, I propose to speak my mind when and where I please, and if any one doesn't like it, he needn't stop to listen." As a writer, Mr. Faxon has an earnest, direct style. He keeps his object well in view, and never digresses except to add precept to precept, and to more completely and forcibly round out his argument. Many of his expressions are epigrammatic combina tions of strength, terseness, and philosophy. We extract a few, at random, from various published ar ticles : " A man cannot override instinct." " Human nature will stick out strongest wherever the dollars are the thickest." " Prayers avail but little in con verting rum-sellers, but the law-gun, fully charged, put in the hands of honest officials, will do effective business." " In turning the thumb-screw of political sentiment, great care should be exercised in applying the power." " Place very little faith in the thief who steals your watch, and says he has repented, unless he returns the watch." " Out of the grog-shops come misery, woe, poverty, and death." " The power that commands votes is the power which politicians re spect." " Laws are never enforced by those who break them." " If you want political purity to pre vail, prayers and teaching must be the rifles, and un remitting work the ammunition, handled by men of unflinching integrity, who will fire into political sin at short range." " The grog-shops make bad voters, as surely as the churches make good ones." " Catering to a mob never advanced the interests of any class or institution inaugurated to benefit the community." Mr. Faxon's benefactions are by no means confined to the State Temperance Alliance, Beform Clubs, and other temperance organizations. A few words must be said about the much-talked- of " Quincy system" of dealing with liquor selling, and Mr. Faxon's connection therewith, as its author and " policemau" under it. In March, 1881, Mr. Faxon caused this article to be inserted in the war rant calling the annual town-meeting: "To see if the town will appoint, or instruct the selectmen to appoint, special police officers to enforce all laws bearing upon the sale of intoxicating liquors, and ap propriate money therefor." This was adopted by the town, and we continue in Mr. Faxon's language : " In 1881 there were forty-two licenses granted, while several dispensers of the ardent were selling in defiance of the law. By a nearly unanimous vote at the adjourned meeting, held in April, the selectmen were instructed to appoint the writer, as a policeman, to enforce all laws pertaining to the sale of intoxica ting liquors. The appointment was made after some delay, and the arduous duties of the ' rural policeman' commenced. I was appointed, as I supposed, to do my duty ; but soon found that the honorable board which made the appointment thought I was doing too much duty, and I was accordingly displaced. At the next March election the board of selectmen was voted out of office, and an entire new board elected. In May, 1882, I was reappointed by the newly-elected selectmen, and com menced my duties at once. I knew that it would be an ardu ous task ; but having ' put my hand to the plow,' I had no intention of ' looking back.' " The obstacles thrown in his way by his opponents were numberless. Everything was done to evade the law. False swearing was resorted to in the courts, and Mr. Faxon was arrested for assault and battery ; but, with his great personal courage and untiring energy, these actions only infused greater zeal into his operations. He made a vigorous fight, employed detectives, spared neither pains nor money, made mid night raids on suspected places, fearlessly discharging 380 HISTOBY OF NOBFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. his sworn, and to him sacred, duty, and pursued all illegal dealers with a rod of iron. The results were eminently satisfactory. Many violators of law have been complained of and prosecuted, each case being carefully worked up by having the testimony of wit nesses taken at the trial in the lower court, and re corded, with all attendant circumstances, for use in the upper court in case of need. Owing to the per fect system adopted in their management, Mr. Faxon is very successful in securing convictions. Quincy is not now a wholesome place for rum-sellers, and shows, by its vastly improved condition, the value of Mr. Faxon's services as a police officer, in which position he is still continued. It is generally admitted that very little intoxicating liquor is now being sold in the town, while the traffic is surrounded with great dangers and difficulties. During the time that Mr. Henry H. Faxon has served the town of Quincy as a special police officer to enforce the liquor laws, there have been many inquiries made as to whether he was in tending at any time to charge the town for his ser vices. To set the matter at rest Mr. Faxon has sent the following letter to the selectmen : " To the Honorable Board of Selectmen : " Gentlemen, — For several years I have served the town as policeman, specially appointed to enforce the laws relating to the sale of intoxicating liquors. Appropriations have been made each year to pay for such duties. In order to relieve the town of any embarrassment as regards my compensation, I will state that I have made no charge whatever. I did not accept the position, with its many perplexities, for a money consider ation, but for a higher reward — that of benefiting the citizens in their business and social relations. I have also derived the satisfaction of knowing that the laws of prohibition can be car ried out if officials are honest and earnest. Confident that my fellow-townsmen have fully realized the blessings resulting from the enforcement of the law, I trust that in the coming cam paign they will not be indifferent in advancing every principle which pertains to good government. Tours truly, " Henry H. Faxon. "Quincy, Jan. 28, 1884." Mr. Faxon has contributed to the cause of prose cuting illegal liquor selling in Quincy about five thou sand dollars in money, in addition to unremitting toil and attention to the prosecution of cases. He has paid all his own counsel fees, and, whenever he has been assisted by brother officers, has invariably com pensated them for special duties performed. Mr. Faxon is never idle. He keeps his own books, looks after his large real-estate holdings, has a very extensive correspondence, and drafts, and often en tirely prepares, his temperance articles ; yet such is his system and method that there is no delay, but everything receives prompt attention. Not of a very strong physique, by his care in avoiding excesses he keeps in good health, and will doubtless continue to be a potent factor in the temperance politics of Massa chusetts for many years. With his positive nature, he has strong friends as well as bitter enemies. The Boston Herald editorially says this of him : "There is no denying that Mr. Faxon is a very live man. We have frequently had occasion to class him with the political humorists; for when he is not stirring up the wicked Demo crats he is pretty likely to be making himself troublesome to the Republican machine politicians. As an independent political campaigner, the gentleman from Quincy is a success. He haB a party of his own, is hampered by no committee, and when in need of the sinews of war he can draw on a bank which had not failed up to latest advices. We have had occasion to approve Mr. Faxon's persistency in urging upon citizens of every party the need of diligently attending the primary meetings, if they wish to defeat incompetent and corrupt candidates for office. In one respect the Bromfield Street campaigner is phenomenal among politicians: he wants no office, and seems actuated by no hope of reward except that satisfaction which comes from a conscientious endeavor to make the world a little better than one has found it. Mr. Faxon backs up his talk by his money, and is liberal where many of the extreme prohibitionists are penurious. . . Mr. Faxon makes a very keen point when he says that ' a good record never sends a man into oblivion, but hundreds have been buried beyond hope for want of one;' and, further, 'the obituaries of dishonest men need a liberal amount of whitewash.' There is a pithiness about a genuine Faxonian sentence that appeals to the ' plain people' to whom the saga cious campaigner addresses his many circulars and documents. He never loses an opportunity to fire into the ' wicked Demo crats,' and the readiness with which he goes for an opponent's scalp is in refreshing contrast to the timidity of most politicians. A few more such independent, aggressive, caucus-attending politicians scattered through the State would do much to break up the rule of the machines. Faxon is right in continually re minding the voters that they have a duty to perform, as citi zens of a self-governing community, in attending the primary meetings, where selfish but practical politicians are always to be found. That is where he is a genuine civil service reformer. Campaigner Faxon's documents are compiled with remarkable accuracy. His sincerity is shown by the fact that, although doing much for the political advancement of other men, he never asks of his beneficiaries offices for himself or ' soft' places for his friends. To politicians who have weak spots in their records which they wish to conceal, Faxon is as annoying as an electric light is to a burglar. Taken altogether, Faxon is an in dependent, energetic, go-it-alone politician, who will leave no successor to carry on his peculiarly successful methods of cam paigning. There is but one Massachusetts and but one Faxon." AMOS CHURCHILL. Amos Churchill was born at West Bolton, Canada, Dec. 31, 1816, of American parents temporarily re siding there. His father, Amos Churchill, was born in Connecticut, Oct. 19, 1770. He came of an old family of high repute across the Atlantic, the English Churchills, who have often stood high in the councils of royalty, and various members of which have been E*ig "vyAKF.itrJ'ie ^^^ '¦^rtyAJT.imcrTie- /V^^^^^^- Pz sIm^cU QUINCY. 381 knighted for deeds of valor. He was a tanner by trade married Deborah Thornton, a native of Bhode Island, and settled first in Fairfax, Vt., afterwards in Canada, where he resided some years engaged in farm- ino- and shoe manufacturing. He returned to Fairfax, where he died at the age of eighty-six. He had ten children, of whom Amos was the youngest. He was a hard-working man, honest, industrious, and a worthy member of society. Amos, his son, had but limited educational advantages, such as were given to farmers' sons in the early part of the century, but faithfully and dutifully he remained at home working on the farm until he was of age. He then went to Medford, Mass., and learned the trade of stone-cutting, pur suing it as a journeyman for three years in Medford. He married Sept. 27, 1842, Lucretia, daughter of Alexander and Sally (Bean) Bowe, of Camptown, N. H. (Alexander Bowe was born in Moulton- borough, N. H., Feb. 17, 1780, aud attained the age of eighty years. His wife, Sally Bean, was bom in Sandwich, April 9, 1787, married Mr. Bowe in 1805, and died at Camptown, July 28, 1840. Lu cretia was born Jan. 4, 1824, being their youngest daughter and seventh child.) The young couple commenced housekeeping in Westford, Vt., where they resided for two years engaged in farming. About 1845 they came to Quincy, Mass., and for twenty years consecutively Mr. Churchill worked at his trade of stone-cutting in the employ of others, being for the last i'ew of these years in charge of Williams & Spellman's Granite-Works. He was industrious and prudent, and saved money. About 1865 he formed a partnership with Charles B. Mitchell, to quarry and manufacture granite, under the firm-title of " Mitchell Granite-Works." This partnership continued four years, when Mr. Churchill purchased the whole interest of the firm in the quar rying, cutting, and polishing departments, which he has continued to carry on, either alone or in partner ship with others, until the present. His productions, whether in the. rough or finished work, stand high in the esteem of dealers, and are to be found in all sec tions of the country ; but they principally go to New York, some shipments, however, having been made to England. In the gradual advance from hand labor to the diversified aud expensive machinery now used, Mr. Churchill has been prompt to avail himself of every mechanical and other appliance as auxiliaries to improve the quality or expedite the labor, and steam- engines, hoisting-engines, lifting-jacks, polishing ma chines, bush-hammers, etc., have been purchased, together with all kinds of machinery required in his trade. By diligence and steady devotion to business, applying himself to labor from early morning to long after the close of the day, through a succession of years, Mr. Churchill has been the architect of his own fortune. He has loved his chosen field of labor, and he still may be found attending to all details of his extensive business, which has far outgrown the expectations if not the ambitions of bis early man hood. He stands high in public esteem ; his word is unquestioned in all business transactions ; he owes nothing of his wealth, position, or business standing to extraneous causes or hereditary possessions. It has been the work of his own hands, of his industry, energy, and frugality, and his life is an example to the rising generation of what may be accomplished by them if they give the same determination, energy, and labor to accomplish success. Mr. Churchill is a social companion, does his part in all matters of public improvement, is Bepublican in politics, is a member of Bural Lodge, F. and A. M., of Quincy, and of South Shore Commandery, of East Weymouth, and is to-day one of Quincy's highly valued and representative citizens. He has one child, Ellen B. (Mrs. J. H. Emery), who resides in Quincy and has two children, Alice J. and Flor ence B. WILLIAM FIELD. William Field, son of Guilford and Nancy (Howard) Field, was born on Common Street, Quincy, Mass., July 11, 1807. The Field family is an early colonial one of well-established standing in old New England days. The various branches of this family are occu pying positions of responsibility, trust, and honor in many localities at the present day. Guilford Field, born probably in Quincy, died suddenly in August, 1819, when William was but twelve years old. He married Nancy Howard, of Braintree, whose parents died when she was young, leaving her to be brought up by her grandparents. On her mother's side she was descended from Nathaniel Wales, who settled in Dor chester in 1635 (see biography of Hon. Nathaniel Wales, Stoughton). Her grandfather once offered her a bag of gold if she would lift it, which she could not do. She died, at the advanced age of eighty-two, Nov. 3, 1853. William was early inured to labor, his parents being poor, and used to work at a very early age, " doing chores" at different places. After his father's death he lived with Jonathan Beals, on Adams Street, for one year; then in 1821 he began to work in the granite quarries, then commencing to attract attention, and has from that time until the 382 HISTOBY OF NOBFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. present been identified with every step of the devel opment and growth of this truly gigantic industry. For over sixty years has Mr. Field been connected with the ledges, the men, the machinery, the labors, and the successes of the granite industry. He has seen the associates of his early toil fall one by one into the long sleep of death, and is to-day, hale and vigorous despite his years, the oldest granite man in Quincy, the sole survivor of the pioneer quarrymen. He learned stone-cutting, which he followed for eight years, working during this period on stone for the Bunker Hill Monument, New York Exchange (from " Wigwam quarry"), and for various other places and works of note. The last seven years of this time he was engaged as foreman in the cutting and quarry de partments for William Packard, and was also his paymaster. Having a thorough familiarity with all departments of the granite business and having accu mulated some property, in 1839 be, with others, formed the " Franklin Granite Company," he to su perintend the work which was done in Quincy and send it to their yard, which was in New York City. After eighteen months Mr. Field formed a partner ship with Eleazer Frederick (the company ceasing to do business), and purchased its Quincy works, and has ever since conducted business on his own ac count. He did a large amount of building in Boston for fifteen or twenty years, and afterward made a spe cialty of monumental work. This partnership con tinued until the death of Mr. Frederick in 1879. The firm has always been and now is " Frederick & Field," the present members being William Field, Mrs. Frederick, E. Frederick • Carr, and William A. Field. They employ from seventy-five to one hundred workmen, and from small beginnings and work done by hand the business has now attained large proportions, amounting to from seventy-five thousand to one hundred thousand dollars per annum, and using labor-saving machinery, run by steam-engines of ex pensive character, for hoisting, polishing, cutting, drilling, etc. We mention as worthy of special note that they furnished material for the New Or leans Custom-House, the foundation of Plymouth memorial monument, the canopy over Plymouth Bock, basement of Custom-House, San Francisco, Cal., which was freighted around Cape Horn, soldiers' mon uments at Holyoke, Mass., monument for the great wine merchant, Nicholas Longworth, Cincinnati, Ohio, and are now constructing the monument on the site of the battle of Monmouth, Freehold, N. J., soldiers' monuments in Manchester, N. H., Lawrence, Mass., vault for late John Anderson, the great tobacconist, of New York (said vault is in Greenwood Ceme tery), and many other large family monuments and vaults. Mr. Field's business career has been very success ful, and justly so. He has spared no pains to pre serve the reputation, so long ago acquired by him, of furnishing honest material and excellent and artistic workmanship. He has been president of the Quincy Contractors' Association since its organization. Mr. Field married (Feb. 15, 1829) Louisa, daughter of Daniel T. and Bebecca (Smith) Dickerman. She was born in Easton, Mass., Oct. 27, 1811. For more than half a century have they walked life's pathway hand in hand, and lived to see generation after gen eration of descendants rise up to do them honor, and reflecting credit upon the instructions and pleasant life of Mr. Field's home. Their children were Wil liam Q., died in infancy. Louisa B., married, first, William Carver, who became sergeant in Company K, Eighteenth Begiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry, and was shot through the body, living ten weeks after being wounded, in November, 1862, while crossing the Potomac Biver ; they had two children, William Oscar and Maria L. (Mrs. William Ross, of Braintree) ; second, Charles A. French, and resides in Brockton. William H. died, aged two years. William Augustus, now in business with his father, married Electa E. Burnham, and has two children, Ida Bell and Maria Louise Field. Elizabeth Ann, married Daniel Vining, of North Weymouth, aud has one son, Elmer E. Vining. Harriet Amanda, married Henry Arnold ; has one child, Harry Field Arnold. Daniel Howard, deceased. Emma Helen, died unmarried. Charles Henry, married Mary J. Emerson ; resides in Quincy, and has one child, Edgar Howard Field. Arthur Kingsbury, deceased. Mr. Field is Bepublican in politics, but is content to remain outside of official honors and preferment. He is of sanguine temperament, and is honored by the esteem of those who knew him best. Having amassed sufficient wealth for his old age, he is pass ing on towards the " twilight" in a home cheered by an intelligent and agreeable wife and the ministration of devoted children. ELEAZER FREDERICK. Eleazer Frederick was born in Tyngsborough, Mass., April 9, 1806, the tenth child of George and Bhoda (Beed) Frederick, the parents of twelve children. Their early training was rigid and puri tanic, and educational advantages those of a district school, the boys working on the farm between school yLsCt6e44s&/f. QUINCY. 383 terms. His father was a man of sterling integrity and great perseverance, whose life was passed quietly on the farm, with the exception of enlisting in the war of 1812, when he walked from Tyngsborough to Boston. The subject of this memoir learned his trade of stone-cutting in his native town, which he left at his majority, walking to Charlestown to work on Bunker Hill Monument, and paying the requisite sum to be come a member of that association. He afterwards worked in Boston and Quincy. Having mastered his calling of journeyman, he began to look for a broader field in which to work, taking charge of stone-yards in Norfolk, Va., Baltimore, Md., South Boston, Mass., and other places. He settled in Quincy, Feb. 1, 1838, and with Horace Beals, William Field, and others formed the Franklin Granite Company, Mr. Frederick investing one thousand dollars, part of what he had saved by the exercise of the most rigid economy. This company had two yards, one in New York, and one in Quincy. Horace Beals managed the New York, and Mr. Frederick the Quincy business. Owing to various causes the business did not prove a success, and the company dissolved in eighteen months, Mr. Frederick and the others losing the capital invested. Undaunted by this reverse, in 1839 he started business again, taking William Field as partner, he being a superior quarryman and having charge of that part of the work. The first quarry was hired of Mr. Thomas Greenleaf, which was worked a number of years. The second (being the present quarry owned and worked by the firm) was hired of Capt. Josiah Bass, and purchased from his heirs in 1854. The partnership thus formed, under the name of Frederick & Field, continued nearly forty years. Mr. Frederick brought to bear on the business the qualities which, sooner or later, command success, namely, a clear mind, indomitable courage, and prac tical knowledge of all departments of his business. His contracts, financial management, and personal supervision formed much of the basis on which the firm built its prosperity. His early training and strong constitution stood him in good stead in the arduous duties to which he was called, as press of business in the daytime and frequent absences from home, traveling for the firm, compelled him often to work far into the night writing and estimating. He supplied his early lack of advantages by making him self educated in his special calling. Ably seconded by Mr. Field, Frederick & Field's small business of 1839 grew in size and importance. Machinery of all kinds was added to facilitate the working and hand ling of stone, abler artists and artisans employed, the granite of other States purchased and worked, Scotch granite, marble, and bronze figures furnished when required by contracts, till at the time of Mr, Frederick's death, Sept. 12, 1878, their work had found its way into most of the States of the Union. Mr. Frederick always kept in the van of the march of improvement in tools and machinery used in the business, and was always among the first to adopt any such, though not prone to waste time and money on* useless inventions. He always kept abreast of the times in which he lived, and though in the course of his long career the methods of doing business, tools, machinery, etc., used changed greatly, he never al lowed himself to cling to old methods and appliances which he had become accustomed to when his judg ment showed him that the new methods and appliances of to-day were better. His death was not only a great blow to his family, but a heavy loss to the firm and business, which owed so much of its financial success and high reputation to his persevering industry and ability. The business, consisting at first of building work only, gradually changed its character, till now monu mental work forms a chief part of it. Among the buildings now standing we mention C. F. Hovey & Co.'s store, part of State Street Block, Boston, part of stone for San Francisco Custom- House, and basement of Tribune Building, New York. Many granite fronts furnished by the firm went down in the Boston fire, and many more are now standing we have not space to mention. Among the monu mental and other work furnished by the firm we may remark the entrance posts, etc., and curbing around the pond, Public Garden, Boston, soldiers' monuments at Leominster and Holyoke, Mass., Springfield, Ohio, and Manchester, N. H. (which latter was the last contract of note entered into in Mr. Frederick's life time, and which he did not live to see completed), and private and public vaults and monuments in great number. The Lovejoy monument is worthy of note as being the largest all-polished monument ever furnished in Quincy. Since the death of Mr. Frederick the business has been continued by William Field, E. F. Carr, W. A. Field, and Mrs. E. Frederick, under the old firm-name of Frederick & Field. Eleazer Frederick married, Oct. 25, 1825, Mary Gould, of Tyngsborough, Mass., and had two daugh ters, — Mary Maria, born Jan. 15, 1827, and Sarah Jane, born Oct. 26, 1828. Mary Maria Frederick married Horace Baxter 384 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. Spear, the present cashier of the National Mount Wollaston Bank of Quincy, and has three children,— Horace Frederick, born Jan. 20, 1863 ; Lucy Maria, born Sept. 7, 1864 ; Joseph Gould, born March 8, 1867. Sarah Jane Frederick married Joseph Carr, dry- goods merchant, and has had four children, — Mary Jane, born Dec. 22, 1850 ; Alice Maria, born Jan. 26, 1853; Eleazer Frederick, born Aug. 8, 1855 (now a member of the firm of Frederick & Field) ; Joseph Gould, born July 26, 1860, died March 7, 1861. Mary Jane Carr married John Lyman Faxon, arch itect, Nov. 9, 1882, and has one child. E. Frederick Carr married Alice Maria Taylor, Oct. 22, 1879, and has had three children, two now living. In politics, Mr. Frederick was a Democrat. He was a public-spirited citizen; every enterprise for the public good found in him an earnest and liberal support. In 1860 he was one of three who ap plied to the Legislature for an act of incorporation for the introduction of gas into Quincy, to be known as the Citizens' Gas-Light Company, of which he acted as president and treasurer for several years. Soon after the Mount Wollaston Bank was established, Mr. Frederick was chosen one of the directors, and con tinued a member of that board till his death. He was a Mason of high standing, belonging to Bural Lodge, Quincy, and Boston Commandery, Knights Templar. He also belonged to the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company, the National Lancers, and Mechanics' Association, and was at one time a member of the Odd-Fellows. He was of a genial, social temperament, and retained the happy faculty of entering into the spirit of the young, with whom he always delighted to mingle even to his last illness. His scope of interest was large, allowing him keen enjoyment with the merrymakings of young and old. He always took great interest in his employes, some of whom were with him over thirty years. He was an indulgent, affectionate husband and father, and his loving devotion to his grandchildren was remarkable. The mostfittipg memorials to his worth and ability are the respect and affection with which his memory is cherished by those he left behind him, and the business which his efforts did so much to raise from obscurity to prosperity and success. Patrick McDonnell. It is surely well to record for the encouragement of others a brief synopsis of the life of one who, a for eigner, far from the land of his nativity, constantly surrounded by more than ordinary temptations, has resisted them successfully, accumulated wealth, a firm position in society, and who may be justly considered one of the best representatives of the land of his birth. Patrick McDonnell, son of Thomas and Mary (Cunniff) McDonnell, was born at Loobanroe, County Boscommon, Ireland, June 10, 1817. His father, a farmer in comfortable circumstances, died when Pat rick was six years old, and Patrick remained with his mother until he was eighteen. Then, after a year's visit to a sister in Birmingham, England, he was apprenticed by his mother to her brother, Patrick Cunniff, to learn the carpenter's trade, she paying seven pounds for five years' service. This service was not given, however, for in a few months Mr. Cunniff concluded to emigrate to America, and Patrick told him, " Give me the money my mother gave you and I will go with you." Mr. Cunniff did this, and June 10, 1835, they landed at Perth Amboy, and came to New York City. Seeing a kindly looking old gentle man on the street, young Patrick asked him, " What part of the country could a poor emigrant boy, 'an exile from Erin,' do the best in?" The old man an swered, " If he was industrious, and careful, and temperate, there was no doubt that Massachusetts presented one of the best places for success." Pat rick started for Massachusetts, taking packet for Al bany, where he arrived with one pound in gold in his possession. While walking along he met a gentle man who said, " Halloo ! young man, do you want to work?" "Yes, sir." Patrick was soon engaged at ten dollars per month. He worked one month, be came lonesome and started for Boston, where some of his native townsmen were resident. After crossing the ferry he walked to Hartford, looking steadily for work on the way in vain. From Hartford he reached Worcester by walking and short rides on the stages. There was a railroad from Worcester to Boston, and he availed himself of it, and on reaching Boston was welcomed heartily by a friend. For nine days he made his stopping-place with this friend, while he diligently canvassed the adjacent towns for employ ment. He went on the first day to Dorchester, and was told by Capt. William Clapp, a large tanner and farmer, that if a young lad who had been at work for him and had gone away did not return in ten days, he would employ him. When the nine days' search ln Roxbury, Quincy, etc., was of no avail, he returned -i^a 07/ All n d'- otJy-iA c/lt tSp/^ 'ryy-^uiy QUINCY. 385 to Capt. Clapp, who said he would take him on trial, and pay him what he was worth. At the expiration of the month, Capt. Clapp engaged him for five years at twelve dollars per month. At the end of his first year's service Capt. Clapp invited him to his parlor, and presented him with a Bible, which Mr. McDonnell still preserves with care, aud at various times thereafter he received tokens of his regard. The five years passed in this good Christian family, which gave him truly a home, impressed the teachings of morality and temperance indelibly on the young man's mind. He attended faithfully to his religious duties at St. Pat rick's Church at Roxbury, and was during these five years a teacher in the Sunday-school. In 1841, Mr. McDonnell came to Quincy, where he has since made his residence, and worked two years for John Mulford in his tan-yard ; then he learned the stone-cutter's trade, working for various persons. After finishing his trade he began work for New comb & Chapin, Quincy Point, cutting stone, receiv ing a dollar and a quarter per day for four months, and ten shillings sixpence per day for eight months (the highest price then paid). He was industrious and temperate, did his work well, remained with them eleven years, walking three miles every day to and from work, carrying his dinner, and saved about five thou sand dollars which he, as it accumulated, invested in village lots and erected tenements thereon. He then went to work for Thomas Drake, with whom he had finished his trade, but in three months entered into partnership with him. This partnership continued about a year, when, in 1857, Mr. McDonnell went into business in a small way, with only one apprentice, in a. little shed on the common near where his sons are now established. Here he remained six years, when he leased the ground now occupied by his sons for twenty years from the town of Quincy and increased his business rapidly, so that when he retired in 1881 he employed seventy hands and probably did a more profitable business than any other man in his line in Quincy. His economy, incessant devotion to busi ness, and strict business habits have secured him a handsome property. He owns and rents twenty tene ments in Quincy and Milton. He married, June 1, 1843, Mary Hughes, who attended school with him in Ireland. Their children are Emily E. (Mrs. Wm. Garbarino), Thomas, John Q., Mary A., James S., Ellen G., and Margaret F. Mr. McDonnell has taken great pains in the educa tion of his children. John Q. attended Quincy high school for three years, and his father wished him to go to college, but as he had not that inclination, Mr. McDonnell took him into his yard and instructed him 25 thoroughly in stone-cutting. Thomas H. and James S. are graduates of Commercial College, Boston. Ellen G. attended the normal school at Bridgewater for two years, became quite proficient in music, attending the Boston Conservatory of Music, and for the past three or four years has been organist in St. John's Church, Quincy. She is a young lady of superior tal ent and ability, and has decided to enter upon a relig ious life. She is to take the veil in Europe. Margaret F. attended Notre Dame Academy, Boston, for two years. When Thomas and John Q. were of age they were admitted partners with their father, and the firm became McDonnell & Sons, in 1871. In December, 1883, they established a branch of their business in Buf falo, N. Y. They are enterprising men, and are doing well. As an illustration, we quote from the New York Scientific Times and Mercantile Register of May, 1883 : " Quincy leads any town or city in the country in the quarrying and working of granite, and pro duces an article of a nature that is unequaled by any in the world. There are many large concerns in this town engaged in quarrying, but none are more worthy of selection as a representative house than McDonnell & Sons. This house was established in 1857, and its present members are T. H. McDonnell and J. Q. McDonnell. They own and work one of the largest quarries in the place, and are wholesale dealers in Quincy granite. Their operations include every branch of the granite-working trade, including the manufacture of monuments, curb-lots, posts, etc. Polishing is also an important part of their business, and their work of this character is very fine. In all, they give employment to a hundred men and over, many of whom are as well-skilled workmen as money can procure. The work done by this house bears the highest reputation everywhere, and in many quar ters gives them the preference over all others. Their cemetery work is of unusual excellence, and your cor respondent was shown a specimen of it in the lot of the McDonnell family, at the St. Mary's Catholic Ceme tery, that would not be out of place in the best art museum in the land. This is a monument of dark blue Quincy granite, surmounted by a statue of the Virgin Mary, of Westerly granite. The whole is in the purest Corinthian style, and about forty feet in height. The bas-relief of the statue is a full Corinth ian cap of intricate design, and elegantly carved, while the statue itself is beautiful in expression, exe cution, and design. The attitude is a peculiarly graceful and devotional one, and would excite admi ration anywhere. The entire monument is without blemish, and its finish and polish of a most artistic na ture. It is acknowledged by all to be the best piece 386 HISTOBY OF NOBFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. of work ever done in Quincy, and were it located in Mount Auburn or Greenwood it would attract uni versal attention." This monument was designed and executed by Mr. McDonnell before his connection with the firm ceased, and is well worthy of the praise be stowed upon it. We mention some other especially fine works of this firm. During 1857, his first year in business, they furnished one front of State Street Block, Long Wharf, Boston. In 1858, the coping for the cemetery lot of Dr. Bigelow (president of Mount Auburn Cemetery Corporation) ; since then they have furnished the monument for Mr. Jared Sparks, at Mount Auburn ; the Birchard monument, erected by ex-President Hayes, Fremont, Ohio ; monument and coping for T. W. Parks, Greenwood Cemetery, Brooklyn, N. Y. ; coping for Marshall 0. Boberts, Woodlawn Cemetery, New York ; monu ment for the Seventy-seventh New York Begiment, in square opposite Congress Park, Saratoga Springs ; vault for J. C. Buckman, Mount Auburn ; Bates monument, Spring Grove Cemetery, Cincinnati ; and the largest monumental cross ever made in the United States (weight twenty-five tons), for B. M. Shoe maker, also in Spring Grove Cemetery, Cincinnati. Mr. McDonnell began housekeeping in Quincy in a small house, for which he paid six hundred dollars out of the savings of his Dorchester life. Some years since he purchased the lot and dwelling where he now resides, and has expended seVeral thousand dollars in reconstructing it, and to-day has one of Quincy's most attractive residences, with spacious sur roundings and costly appurtenances, which affords him a pleasant home. Mr. McDonnell was a Democrat in politics until six or eight years ago, when his devotion to temperance drove him from that party, and he is now an inde pendent voter. Through his frank and affable man ners, Mr. McDonnell is popular with all classes. A true son of Ireland, he has never forgotten the fact, as is manifested in the attachment felt for him by his fellow-countrymen, to many of whom he is adviser and friend. Yet he is an American, and thoroughly identified in sympathy and principle with the land of his adoption. While tolerant in his views, his sin cerity of character is exhibited in his support of the religious principles of his fathers and his strict ad herence to the Roman Catholic Church. He attrib utes his success to the good lessons and moral train ing received at Capt. Clapp's, his strictly temperance habits (never allowing himself to go to a rum shop, or to keep liquor in the house), and the influence of his religion. He has been quite a traveler, visiting his old home in Ireland in 1870, and since then California, Canada, and other parts of America. Everywhere and in all places he has put himself on the strong temperance platform, and by voice, example, and pub lished newspaper articles he has warned his country men against the use of liquor as their most terrible enemy. While in Europe Mr. McDonnell made a three months' tour through England, Ireland, and Scotland. His townsman, Charles Francis Adams, gave him a personal letter to Mr. Motley, then minister to Eng land, which caused him to take much interest in Mr, McDonnell, to whom he extended many courtesies, but would not allow him to go to Rome or Paris on account of the war then raging in France. Mr. McDonnell ascribes his success in life largely to the fact that he never incurred debt of any kind, being always prepared to cancel all liabilities. WILLIAM ALLEN HODGES. William Allen Hodges is of good Puritan stock, both parents descending from old Plymouth Colony families, his paternal ancestor, William Hodges, set tling in what is now Taunton about 1 640, and enrolled among the inhabitants subject to military duty there in 1643. He was a land proprietor and promiuentin local affairs. He died April 2, 1654, leaving two sons, John2 and Henry. Both of them are mentioned as proprietors of land in Taunton in 1675 (see his tory of Hodges family elsewhere in this volume). This John2 married Elizabeth Macy, May 15, 1672. Of their numerous children, John3, the oldest, was born April 5, 1673. He married and became a resident of Norton. His son Edmund4 married and had thir teen children. He always resided in Norton, where his wife, Mary, who survived him, died April 30,1800. Their son, Tisdale5, was born in Norton, Mass., Dec. 7, 1753. He was a man of well-to-do circumstances, was a captain of " Troopers," and during his latter years moved to Petersham, Worcester Co., where he died. He married Naomi, daughter of Capt. Jos. Hodges, of Norton (who was killed in an Indian fight near Fort Schuyler, in the old French war). Capt. Tisdale Hodges was a man of advanced opin ions and liberal ideas. He had seven sons, to whom he gave a better education than was usual in those days, sending some to college. Jerry6, son of Capt, Tisdale and Naomi Hodges, was born in Norton in 1787. He received a good education, both literary and medical; held a commission as surgeon's mate in the United States army, and was a man of marked «§ QUINCY. 387 ability. He married Mary Tucker. (Her grandfather, Samuel Tucker, was one of the first settlers of Milton, an energetic man, of great courage, quiet and unos tentatious in his, ways, and who served his day and generation well.) They had eleven children. Dr. Hodges died in March, 1858. His widow, born in 1793, resides in Petersham, being now over ninety years old. William A. Hodges', son of Dr. Jerry and Mary (Tucker) Hodges, was tenth in a family of eleven children, and born at Petersham, Mass., May 15, 1834. His youth, until fourteen, was passed with his parents, with common-school advantages. In February, 1848, he commenced life for himself, going first to Boston, and afterwards to Milton, where he served an appenticeship of three years at the trade he has always followed, that of a baker. After his appren ticeship he worked as journeyman at Milton, Box- bury, and elsewhere until 1858. In that year he went to California, where he remained two years, en gaged in mining and baking. Beturning to Massa chusetts, he again engaged with his former employers at Roxbury, continuing with them until 1862, when he took a trip to the West in search of a location wherein to establish himself. He remained in Mc Gregor, Iowa, five months, then returned to Roxbury and his former employers. In May, 1866, he came to Quincy, and purchased an interest in the business of a baker, which was carried on in the shop which he now occupies. After eighteen months he became sole proprietor, and by energy, attention to business, and care in producing good articles he has much in creased it, enlarged the buildings and capacity of pro duction, and made money. As a citizen, Mr. Hodges is enterprising and public-spirited ; as a friend, strong, warm, and faithful ; as a man, he is held in the high est esteem. Believing in the principles of his fathers, and which were given by Thomas Jefferson and enun ciated in the Constitution of the United States, Mr. Hodges has been a Democrat of the most unswerving order. His devotion to principle, coupled with his personal popularity, has brought him into prominence in local politics. In this field he is a sharp fighter, " takes off his gloves," and gives as hard blows as he receives. In every year since 1872 he has been nominated for some official position, and has nearly always obtained an election. In 1872 he was elected selectman of Quincy. In 1873 he was chairman of the board. In 1874 again elected selectman (with out opposition). He resigned his office six weeks after his election, with the full determination of devot ing himself entirely to business, but in the fall (1874) he was placed in nomination by the Democrats to represent Quincy in the State Legislature, and was elected. The next spring (1875) he was elected selectman. In 1876 he was " alternate" to the Dem ocratic National Convention at St. Louis which nomi nated Tilden for President. In the fall of 1876 he was nominated by the Democratic Senatorial Conven tion of the First Norfolk District as its candidate for senator, and was the first candidate placed in the field after the State had been redistricted. The dis trict was so strongly Bepublican that the nomination was merely complimentary, no Democrat having a possible chance of an election. In 1877 he was elected selectman by a very large majority, and became chair man. In 1878 he was again elected selectman, and was chairman. The death of Mr. Barker, senator elect, caused a new election for senator. In this con test Mr. Hodges was the Democratic nominee, and was elected (April, 1878) to fill the vacancy. In 1879 he was not in candidacy for selectman, but in the fall of that year was nominated by the Democrats of the Second District as their candidate for coun cilor. This was also a complimentary nomination. In the spring of 1880 he was again elected selectman and chairman. In the fall of 1880 he received the complimentary nomination of county commissioner from his party. In the spring of 1881 he was again re-elected selectman, and was chairman. In the fall of 1881 the Democratic State Convention made him its candidate for State treasurer. In 1882 he was again nominated for State treasurer. In 1883, under the bright outlook for Democracy, Democratic political managers were looking for a man strong enough by force of character, experience in office, and personal popularity to make a successful campaign in this senatorial district, and Mr. Hodges was the one de clared to be the most advisable to select, and he was placed in nomination by the Senatorial Convention and elected. Mr. Hodges married, Sept. 15, 1868, Annie M., daughter of George F. and Maria (Stetson) Wilson, of Quincy. They have three surviving children, — Francis Mason, Mabel Stetson, and Edward Tisdale Quincy. Mr. Hodges is a member of Bural Lodge, F. and A. M., of Quincy, St. Stephen's Lodge of Royal Arch Masons, and a life member of the Boston Com mandery. In all official relations he has discharged his duties fearlessly and to the best interests of his constituents according to his best judgment. 388 HISTOBY OF NOBFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. DANIEL BAXTER. Daniel Baxter, son of William and Abigail (New comb) Baxter, was born in Quincy, Mass., Jan. 24, 1803, and on his eighty-first birthday slept within twenty feet of the spot where he was born. The place where he now lives was formerly owned by his father, a native of Quincy, who was a butcher, store keeper, etc. William Baxter moved from Quincy to Paddock's Island, Boston Harbor, about the 1st of May, 1809, and remained there until the fall of 1812, when he removed to Quincy, and continued his busi ness as a butcher. While on the island Mr. Baxter engaged in butchering, ran a sloop in the coastiug trade, and was an active, energetic man. He died in Quincy, June 8, 1829, at the age of sixty-one years. Mrs. Abigail Baxter died July 4, 1819, aged forty- seven years. Daniel's education was confined to very limited attendance at the schools of that early period, boarding at Hull for three winters and attend ing school, and he tells interesting stories of the dan gers he and his sister experienced in crossing from and to the island in the inclement winter weather. When he was sixteen he carried the meat which his father had butchered to Weymouth, Hingham, Cohasset, and Scituate to sell. He remained with his father until he was twenty-one, when he commenced business for himself, going to Brighton market, purchasing cattle and butchering them, and for nearly forty years continued this aud the sale of the meat on the same route in Weymouth, Hingham, etc., that he had sold for his father. Mr. Baxter has been economical, prudent, and a hard worker. He laid up money which he careiully invested in land and other good investments, and to-day is one of the large real-estate owners in Quincy, and the only capital he has ever in herited was seven hundred and fourteen dollars left him by his father. He early in life showed his aptitude for trade, when but a lad of twelve years, by buying a quart of molasses, making candy and peddling it, making a profit of seventeen cents, which was not ill spent. He married, Jan. 22, 1829, Abigail, daughter of Noah Curtis, and has had fourteen children, the following now living : Abigail (Mrs. John Chamber lain, resides in Quincy), Daniel W., Ann W. (Mrs. John Wood, lives in Quincy), Caroline (Mrs. George H. Tobey, lives in Chicago), Elizabeth (Mrs. Charles A. Follet, resides with her father), Wm. Henry, Mary F. (Blrs. Parker Hayward, lives in Braintree), Adeline W. (Mrs. Frank C. Waterhouse, lives in Wollaston). Mrs. Abigail C. Baxter died July 3, 1879. Mr. Baxter commenced housekeeping at Quincy Point, and lived there six years, when his desire to occupy the old home of his father in Quincy in duced him to remove thither, and he built the house where he now resides in 1858. Mr. Baxter has filled many positions of public trust ; was for fourteen years selectman, and chairman over half of the time; has served on school committees, as assessor, surveyor of highways, and overseer of the poor. When the Quincy Stone Bank was organized he was the young est one of the incorporators and directors. He was a director for over forty years, and is now the only sur viving member of the original board. He has been connected with the Quincy Savings Bank as director for more than a quarter of a century, and is a stock holder in various corporations. He has always been conservative, believing in conducting public affairs as he would his own business, owing no man anything; in all positions he has been careful, prudent, and saving, and has so managed his means that in his old age he has a handsome competency, and the satisfac tion of having discharged all duties, public and pri vate, to the best of his ability and with honest intent. He has been a busy man all his life. He is an ex ample of what industry, common sense, and care will do for any one in the battle of life. He has just passed his eighty-first birthday, and it is well to note in connection therewith, that his youngest sister and her husband, Mr. and Mrs. Paul Wild, celebrated the sixty-first anniversary of their marriage in 1883. 2a? lbyA.JiraicmB Of STOUGHTON. 389 CHAPTEB XXXI.1 STOUGHTON. Stoughton — Named in Honor of Governor William Stoughton — Territory allotted to Dorchester in 16.37 — Known as the "New Grant" — Dorchester South Precinct — A Part set off to Wren tham in 1724 — Incorporation of Stoughton — Original Terri tory — Second Precinct set off in 1740 — Incorporation of Third Precinct in 1743 — The First Town-Meeting — Incorporation of Stoughtonham — The Revolution — Votes of the Town in 1723, 1724, 1725, 1726— Committee of Correspondence— Rev olutionary Bounties, etc. Amidst the pealing of bells, the roll of drums, the thunder of cannon, and the inspiring strains of mar tial music the one hundredth anniversary of Ameri can independence is ushered in, the most memorable day of the nineteenth century. A whole country from the rugged shores of Maine to the golden sands of California, multitudinous cities born since the event they to-day celebrate, prosperous towns created with astonishing celerity, small villages remote from the whirl and excitement of business, all join in celebrating the occasion. The anthem of liberty wakes echoes in the hut of the squatter in Western wilds not less than in the luxurious homes of crowded cities. This universal commemoration is not solely because the Revolutionary fathers by their immortal declara tion just one hundred years ago trampled the British yoke beneath their feet, not alone because the heroic struggle they carried on against fearful and almost hopeless odds was finally crowned with success, but for the reason that the Union has survived until all its founders have mingled their dust with the soil many of them had stained with their blood ; because the country has grown and prospered year after year as no other country has ever grown and prospered ; because it has withstood and risen triumphantly from that su preme shock and trial of nations, a desperate civil war, in which the sons of those sires who, then united, hurled the British invader from our shores, now, ar rayed against each other, fought the one side to de stroy, the other to uphold the old flag with ancestral valor, for when Greek meets Greek then comes the tug of war. Fifty years before the birth of the nation the Great and General Court of the Colony of Massachusetts Bay enacted a law for the incorporation of the town of Stoughton. It is, therefore, felicitous that on the 1 The following chapter was contributed by the Hon. Halsey J. Boardman, of Boston, being an address delivered by him at Stoughton, July 4, 1876. It is an invaluable contribution, and fittingly forms the first chapter in the history of the town. — Editor. day we celebrate the centennial of the Bepublic you can also pause midway between the first and second centennial of your town to commemorate its history and dwell upon its associations. Taking its name from Governor William Stoughton, it included origin ally a much larger section than it at present com prises. The territory embraced at the time of incor poration, together with a part of Wrentham, had in the year 1637 been allotted to Dorchester, and was known as the " New Grant" from that time until Dec. 15, 1715. From that date until December, 1726, it was called the Dorchester South Precinct, a part having been set off to Wrentham in the year 1724. The town of Stoughton was incorporated on the 22d day of Decem ber, 1726. At that time Samuel Adams, the pioneer of the Bevolution, was four years old, and John Adams was not born till nine years later. It included the present towns of Canton, Sharon, and Stoughton, and nearly if not quite all of Foxborough and about one-quarter of Dedham. In those days the law of subtraction rather than annexation prevailed. The act of incorporation is entitled an " Act for dividing the towns of Dorchester and erecting a new town there by the name of Stoughton." The preamble sets forth that" The town of Dorchester within the county of Suffolk is of great extent in length, and lies com modious for two townships, and the South Precinct within the bounds of Dorchester is competently filled with inhabitants who have made their application to the said town and also addressed this Court that the said lands may be made a distinct and separate town ship." Then follows the act of incorporation, to which is attached a condition, making it incumbent upon the inhabitants to procure within the space of twelve months from the publication of the act a learned orthodox minister of good conversation, and make provision for his comfortable and honorable support, and likewise to provide a schoolmaster to instruct their youth in writing and reading. And it is further enacted that they shall pay such taxes as are assessed to Dorchester which properly belong to the new town. The Second Precinct, constituting what is now Sharon and Foxborough, was incorporated July 2, 1740, leaving what is now Canton and Stoughton, the Old Dorchester South Precinct, or First Parish. The Third Precinct, or Parish, represents what is now Stoughton, and was incorporated Nov. 9, 1743. The chief reason set forth in the petition for an act of incorporation is the remoteness of a place of worship, it being nearly seven miles. The first town-meeting was held in Stoughton, Jan. 2, 1727, to choose town officers, and I notice that George Talbot was chosen 390 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. one of the selectmen and assessors. On the 20th of June, 1765, the present towns of Sharon and Foxbor ough were incorporated under the name of Stough- tonham. The town of Canton was incorporated by an act passed Feb. 23, 1797, which contained among other provisions that, whereas in consequence of the division only one selectman will remain in said Stoughton, " Be it enacted that Jabez Talbot, the selectman remaining within said town be, and he is thereby invested with all the powers which a majority of said selectmen would have had so far as relates to certain purposes specified." I doubt not the trusts confided to Jabez Talbot were well administered, as a thorough knowledge of administration affairs has been conspicuous in this family. A classified list of the persons taxed in the an cient town of Stoughton for the year 1776 shows that one hundred and forty-two lived in what is now called Stoughton. Samuel Capen, Samuel Paul, Bobert Swan, and Nathaniel Wales are familiar names in the list. In the year 1773 the dawning of the spirit of in dependence became manifest. The custom prevailed of having the wishes of the people expressed at the town-meetings recorded by the town clerks and trans mitted to the General Court or Continental Congress. At a town meeting March 1, 1773, a letter from the Boston Committee of Correspondence sent to the town was received and read, and the town sent in re ply a lengthy communication, setting forth that in their judgment their rights as men, as Christians, and as British subjects have been greatly infringed upon and violated by arbitrary will and power, and they are apprehensive that in future time this may prove fatal to them and their posterity, and to all that is dear to them, reducing them not only to pov erty but slavery. They remonstrate against it, and propose to unite in all constitutional methods to re gain the rights that have been ravished from them. They further instruct their representative to exert himself for these ends, and that a petition be pre sented to the king for redress, at the same time ex pressing unswerving loyalty to him and invoking the Divine blessing upon him. At a town-meeting on the 26th of September, 1774, choice was made of Thomas Crane for representative to the Great and General Court to be holden at Salem. He was instructed by vote to adhere firmly to the charter of the province as granted by their Ma jesties William and Mary, and to do no act acknowl edging the validity of the act of the British Parlia ment for altering the government of Massachusetts Bay. They then state that, as they have reason to believe a conscientious discharge of his duty will pro duce a dissolution of the House of Bepresentatives, they therefore instruct him to meet with other mem bers in a General Provincial Congress, to act upon such matters as come before them in a manner most conducive to the true interests of the town and prov ince, and most likely to preserve the liberties of all North America. At a town-meeting, Jan. 9, 1775, the town made choice of Thomas Crane to represent them in a Pro vincial Congress to be held at Cambridge the 1st of the February following. At the same meeting the town voted not to lend their town moneys to Henry Gardner, of Stowe ; but at an adjourned meeting, Jan. 16th, same year, their patriotism increased to such a degree that they reconsidered their former vote and voted to lend all their province money to Henry Gardner, of Stowe, as is recommended by the Pro vincial Congress. Among other votes passed at this meeting was one to the effect that they approved of the resolves of the Continental Congress and their as sociation ; another to appoint a committee of inspec tion of nineteen persons, and that this committee use their interest that the resolves and the association of the Continental Congress be closely adhered to. At town-meeting, May 25, 1775, the town voted that Messrs. Peter Talbot, Christopher Wadsworth, and Benjamin Gill be a committee of correspondence, to correspond with the several towns in this province, the six following months. It is evident by the frequency of the meetings and the vigor of the proceedings during the years 1775-76 that they fully believed the " price of liberty was eternal vigilance." They even foreshadowed the Declaration of Independence and promised in advance their co-operation, for at a meeting on the 22d of May, 1776, forty-two days before the Declaration of Independence was proclaimed, they voted " that if the Honorable Continental Congress should for the safety of this Colony declare us independent of the Kingdom of Great Britain, we, the said inhabitants, will sol emnly engage with our lives and fortunes to support them in the measure ;" and believing that faith should be accompanied by works, they voted on the 8th of July following to raise a sum of money to be levied upon polls and estates to give to each man, to the number of thirty-eight, that shall enlist in the service of the northern department against Quebec, " the sum of six pounds, six shillings, eightpence, as an addi tion to their bounty," or what we called in the late war a town bounty. Col. Gill, Capt. Endicott, Sam uel Tucker, Ezekiel Fisher, Capt. Billings, Aaron Wentworth, Esquire Crane, Dr. Holmes, John Hart- STOUGHTON. 391 well, John Withington, Capt. Swan, William Shaller, Wm. Capen, and Lieut. Johnson each offered to pay the poll-tax for two men that would enter the service as aforesaid. July 22, 1776, it was voted to assess six pounds, six shillings, eightpence for each non-com missioned officer and soldier that shall enlist and march to join the army against Canada ; but if they render service at or near JBoston, then they are not to have said sum or any part thereof. On the 30th of September, 1778, action was taken relating to the formation of a new Constitution of the State. A resolution was passed sturdily declining to empower the House of Bepresentatives to enact a plan of government, alleging as reasons that they were totally unacquainted with the capacities and patriot ism and character of the members that compose the said House and Council, excepting our own member ; also because they were not elected for that purpose, and the present embarrassed state of public affairs calls for the steady attention of every member of said House. They resolved to choose one or more mem bers to unite with representatives from other towns for the sole purpose of adopting a plan of government. They further resolved that it appeared to them abso lutely necessary for the liberty and safety of this State that the plan of government, when formed and published, should not be established till the people of this State have time and opportunity to thoroughly examine the same, and shall consent that it be estab lished by the said State Convention. On the 18th of February, 1777, it was voted to give fourteen pounds to each soldier enlisting for three years or the war. Numerous meetings were held during this and the following year. On the 28th of May, 1778, most elaborate instructions were given to Thomas Crane, their representative, but as theory among the ancient Bomans was that Carthage must be destroyed, so the central purpose in all their in structions was a vigorous prosecution of the war. Es quire Crane was also directed to oppose the Constitu tion then offered, because it had no bill of rights for its foundation, and was therefore inconsistent with the happiness and safety of the public. The citations I have made give but a very imperfect idea of the spirit of patriotism and of self-sacrifice that is so conspicu ous in your town records of the Revolutionary period. The'intelligent comprehension of the principle of gov ernment, the jealous guardianship of liberty, their self-reliance, the stern determination to resist oppres sion on the one hand and to secure and enforce all proper restraints on the other, are remarkable. Stead fast purpose and unfaltering will breathe forth upon every page. The history of nations shows that republics are a short-lived family. The republics of Greece and Bome, of Holland and France, of South America and Mexico, have chiefly been conspicuous in their failure. Our country is so large that, whatever superiority of race on the part of early Anglo-Saxon settlers there may be, the rapid immigration invited from all parts of the world would largely neutralize it. In the face of the long list of failures, so unvarying that they seemed inevitable, what gave the founders of this re public courage to make another experiment ? Liberty is seductive ; but liberty without law is merely license ; the result is chaos ; and any attempt at self-government ignobly fails when laws are not strictly enforced. A small population in a compact territory affords the most favorable chance for self-government ; but how difficult to govern in the same way is a mighty nation, extending over a large territory, pursuits divers, in terests conflicting, no intimate interchange of senti ment one section with another. But even the small population in a compact territory has failed to per petuate a republican form of government ; how much less likely to succeed would the large nation be. Granted that the framers of the Constitution were wise, that they gave most careful research and study to the great problem before them ; granted that their work was as admirable as human skill could make it, still that would not have insured success. The reason must be found elsewhere, and is this : that the de velopment of the people has kept pace with the foresee ing wisdom of the fathers. This country has existed as a republic largely because of the general diffusion of education, the enlightenment of the masses, and the circulation of the press ; so that it is possible for every citizen to become acquainted with current events, and daily watch the progress of national affairs. He is enabled to take a comprehensive view of public questions, and thus overcome tendencies to bigotry and prejudice. In this way the grand con summation has been reached, and in the words of the martyr Lincoln, " a government by the people and for the people" has become possible. It has been de monstrated that it can endure the trying ordeal of success and prosperity. It has successfully encoun tered the enervating tendencies of wealth and luxury. It has resisted effectually the disintegrating influ ences of conflicting interests, showing a cohesive power without a parallel ; and in our late civil war, a devotion hitherto apparently dormant, and therefore unsuspected, was displayed pre-eminently; bravery and self-sacrifice in the field, courage on the toilsome and weary march, and heroic endurance in rebel prisons. How fully were realized and exemplified the 392 HISTOBY OF NOBFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. memorable words of Sir Philip Sidney, " glorious is it in a noble cause to bear its suffering and misery." And the bones of Northern men that have whitened on battle-fields along the Mississippi, upon lonely mountain sides on the low lands where the magnolia blooms, " grieving if aught inanimate ever grieves over the unreturning brave," and in the gloom of the wilderness where thousands, like the " Light Brigade at Balaklava," rushed into the very jaws of death, bear testimony to the priceless value of our national life. One grand element that has contributed to the ex ample of self-government we present is the race to which we belong. I confess the multitudes that have come, and still are coming, from across the ocean through our open gates constitute no small part of the forty-four millions that to-day live under the na tional flag. Yet Plymouth Rock receives homage from every State, and the nucleus there formed has assimilated in no small degree to itself the foreign elements that have clustered around it. The Puritans, of whom so many of you are lineal descendants, had ingrafted upon their robust natures and strong wills a love of liberty, and what they esteemed a pure re ligion, that no danger could appall nor sufferings lessen. With rare fortitude they endured hardships cheerfully that lay in the pathway of achievement. I have too much respect for their judgment to sup pose that they courted hardships. I do not for a moment presume they voluntarily chose the sterile lands of Cape Cod for agricultural purposes. They showed the good sense to elect the fertile valleys of the Hudson ; but a chance breeze and a bribed cap tain landed them on the icy shore of Plymouth. Grim winter extended its cold arms to receive them ; thirty savage tribes and an unbroken wilderness offered an impassable barrier to any overland route to their place of destination ; but their courage never faltered, for " Amid the storms they rang, And the stars heard, and the sea; And the sounding aisles of the dim woods rang To the anthem of the free." And their religious enthusiasm inspired them in dan gers, in disease and death. How marvelous was the courage of the early reformers ! When Martin Luther was summoned before the Diet of Worms, and friends told him — what he well knew — that if he went, it would be at the peril of his life, he answered, " Were there as many devils as tiles upon the housetops, I would go." And when Catholicism combined to crush out Protestantism from the Netherlands, William of Orange gave utterance to the immortal words that rather than suffer it they would tear up the dikes and give Holland back to the ocean. Theodore Parker will not be suspected of fondness for Calvinism ; yet ho declared that out of the rugged doctrine of John Calvin had developed the grandest virtue of the human race. And what sol diers its disciples made ! I claim that the army of Oliver Cromwell was the finest the world ever saw • an army that was always successful, so that upon sight of the enemy they raised a shout of joy, for battle to them meant victory. Uniting perfect discipline with religious zeal, they fought under a firm convic tion of duty. Marshal Turenne expressed the delight of a true soldier when he learned that it was the fashion of Cromwell's pikemen to rejoice greatly when they beheld the enemy ; and the banished cavaliers could not repress an emotion of national pride when they saw a brigade of their roundhead countrymen, outnumbered by foes and abandoned by allies, drive before it in headlong rout the finest infantry of Spain, and force a passage into fortifications pronounced im pregnable by the ablest marshal of France, — snatch ing victory from the very jaws of defeat To such men liberty to act according to their own conscience was dearer than life ; and the qualities that made them eminent in war also made them conspicuous in peace. According to Macaulay, when they were disbanded, the royalists confessed that in every department of honest industry these warriors prospered beyond other men ; that none was charged with theft, that none was heard to ask an alms, and that if a baker, a ma son,, or a wagoner attracted notice by his diligence and sobriety, he was in all probability one of Cromwell's old soldiers. War is demoralizing, and in no respect more strikingly than in its effect upon the soldiers en gaged. Moral firmness alone can transform the in mates of camps and the veterans of battle-fields into the peaceful and industrious citizen, and our own soldiers, both in the Revolution and the late war, clearly betrayed their ancestral traits in their return to the vocations of daily life. The Puritans and their descendants, by virtue of this quality of courage, of fortitude, of intelligent in dustry, prospered in spite of sterility of soil. Their thrift prevailed over natural disadvantages. They grappled with the forests, and with brawny arms overthrew them, and such was their persuasive en ergy that they converted sand and rock into fertility. And when the West disclosed its vast superiority of soil, instead of deserting the homes of their fathers for the fairer promise towards the setting sun, they supplemented the sinewy arm by the active and iu- STOUGHTON. 393 ventive brain, and manufactories sprang up filled with cunning machinery, so that the hum of indus try filled the land. " Where once the rank thistle nodded in the wind and the wild fox dug his hole unscared," evidences of civilization appear on every side. While race has contributed to the permanence of our institutions, education, as I have before indicated, in the broadest sense is the great bulwark. Like the primeval rocks to the sea, it underlies and over tops them. By it the experience of the past has been fully utilized and an approximation to the true stand ard of self-government been reached, for, as it means a government by the people, therefore whatever broadens their knowledge increases their capacity for statesmanship. By education all things that come to us in life take deeper root ; they widen their significance. We learn to use that which otherwise would be valueless, as the best appliances in tools and machinery are valueless without the skill to detect and employ them. Instances are recorded of self-taught men who have, unaided, forced their way into the laboratory of nature, who read the un written language of things, who discover truths in the melody of birds, in the sighing winds, who read it in the beauty that trails along the tall grass, and is radiant in leaf and flower ; men who go beyond the surface of things, beyond the defined limits of human knowledge into untrodden space, and, as has been said, sharpen their eyes until they see into the earth and lengthen their arms until they reach the stars. But these exceptions are rare ; few of us have time or inclination to investigate. We act upon what is told us, what we read, what we learn. The tables of education must be spread for us, or we are likely to lose our intellectual nourishment. Our fathers rec ognized its importance. After providing for their spiritual welfare by securing a good orthodox minis ter, they gave next their attention to the schoolmas ter, and the modest school-house found place wherever the early settlers dwelt. The third element that secures to us a republican form of government is a love of liberty, freedom to manage our national affairs whether they relate to civil or religious questions, and by common consent, since our fathers recovered from the mania of hang ing Quakers and drowning witches, religious toleration has prevailed. Love of liberty is to the republic what the spirit is to the body, animating and inspiring it. Not stronger among Americans than among other races. We cannot forget the frantic struggle of Poland and Hungary to be free. We cannot forget how France in her ill-fated but heroic efforts has floated again and again upon a sea of blood. We remember with sorrow the misfortunes of Lafayette, Kosciusko, and Kossuth ; we admire individual gal lantry like that of Arnold von Winkelreid, of glorious memory, who threw himself on the spears of his country's enemies, — " ' Make way for liberty !' he cried ; ' Make way for liberty !' and died." And we are inspired by the burning words of Boger De Lisle, — " Oh, liberty, can man resign thee, Once having felt thy glorious flame ; Can tyrants' laws or bolts confine thee, And thus thy noble spirit tame ?" words which not only kindled the torch of freedom in France, but wherever the spirit of independence dwelt. But while Americans may not either in deeds or literature have created the sensation that other races have, yet they have been eminently practical ; their success has been due to the fact that they have never lost their head in their struggles for liberty. Victories did not unreasonably elate nor defeat unduly depress. I am mindful that your anniversary and the nation's anniversary occur at a season of depression and want ; that while commercial gloom settles over our large cities, in the country villages the wheels of manufactories are stopped and labor begs in vain for employment, but we realize to-day how much greater trials our fathers endured and how bravely they en dured them, and we know that they received their re ward in blessings that crowned their days. We know that behind the black cloud that overhangs us the imperial sun walks in splendor, and we know that we dwell in a country that has all the elements of success and prosperity, and therefore the future must be se cure. And over your past it is fitting that you should rejoice ; that you should have accomplished so much ; that such energy has been displayed ; that religion and education should have received such generous support from your hands. Splendid promise so often results in splendid failure, that when a great work or a good work is fairly accomplished congratulation is in order, and not till then. And it is said the ancients wisely praised not that ship that started with flying colors from port, but only that brave sailor that came back with torn sheets and battered sides, stripped of her banners, but having outridden the storm. Doubt not that in days of disaster relief is at hand. Judge the future by the past. Distrust not humanity be cause man is false and shouts for reform while he practices knavery, for if the heart of the people was not right and honest, professions of virtue would not 394 HISTOBY OF NOBFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. be necessary and successful in securing trusts only to betray them. The season is auspicious for your festivities. The benediction of a summer sky bends above our heads, and the perfection of midsummer splendor lies at our feet. All nature is in harmony with the occasion. Her deep green and rich bloom lend us the choicest decorations. Though one hundred years have gone, we believe that our national life is but just begun ; that the republic shall endure when the very stones over our graves have crumbled to dust ; that the flag that waves above us to-day shall float as long as the earth bears a plant or the sea rolls a wave ; and when a century hence the people of this ancient town meet to celebrate their own anniversary, the second centen nial of the republic, while they proclaim the valor and the patriotism of the fathers of freedom in this land, they will also remember with pride this generation, and your children's children will be cheered and in spired by your deeds and your memories "as after sunset the dew revives the world." CHAPTEB XXXII. STOUGHTON— ( Continued). Ecclesiastical History — Universalist Church — Congregational Church — Methodist Episcopal Church — Roman Catholic Church— Methodist Episcopal Church, North Stoughton— Baptist Church, East Stoughton. Universalist Church.1— There are tablets in the church belonging to the parish in Stoughton, one on either side of the pulpit, which present its history in brief. Perhaps these tablets may be a sufficient his tory for some ; they at least suggest all that need be said in a more extended account as may properly be presented at the beginning of this article. The one on the right of the pulpit reads as follows : "First Parish. Church organized Aug. 10, i.u. 1744. First Church, completed May 23, A.D. 1745. Second Church, dedicated June 2, A.D. 1808. Altered A.D. 1848. Remodeled and enlarged a.d. 1870." On the left of the pulpit appears the ministerial succession of the church : " Pastors. Rev. Jedediah Adams. Ordained Feb. 19, a.d. 1746. Died Feb. 25, a.d. 1799. By Rev. C. R. Tenney. Rev. Edward Richmond, D.D. Ordained Dec. 5, a.d. 1792. Resigned Jan. 15, A.D. 1817. Rev. Ebenezer Gay. Ordained Jan. 7, A.D. 1818. Resigned July 9, A.D. 1822. Rev. William L. Stearns. Ordained Nov. 21, A.D. 1827. Resigned March 30, a.d. 1831. Rev. M. B. Ballou. Settled April 17, A.D. 1831. Resigned April 1, A.D. 1853. Rev. James W. Dennis. Settled April 1, a.d. 1854. Died Dec. 12, a.d. 1863. Rev. A. St. John ChambrS. Installed April 1, a.d. 1864. Resigned April ], a.d. 1872. Rev. Joseph K. Mason. Ordained Dec. 10, a.d. 1873. Resigned Dec. 25, A.D. 1875." 2 Rev. H. B. Smith. Settled April 24, a.d. 1876. Resigned Nov. 30, a.d. 1879. Rev. C. R. Tenney. Settled Sept. 1, a.d. 1882. The history of the parish antedates that of the church. It begins Nov. 9, 1743, with a petition to " his Excellency, William Shirley, Esq., Captn-Gen- eral and Governour-in-Chief in and over his Majesty's Province, to the Honorables, his Majesty's Council and Representatives, in General Court assembled," for a division of the First Precinct of the town of Stoughton. This petition was urged by George Talbot, Simon Stearns, and Ralf Pope, the reason for it being, as set forth by the petitioners, "the vast difficulties both with regard to the public worship of God and the management of the affairs of the Precinct to which we belong, on account of the great distance many of us live from the place of public worship, it being almost seven miles." The " place of public worship" here referred to was what is now the Uni tarian Church at Canton Corner. The prayer of the petitioners was granted on the day on which it was preferred, and thus — what is now Canton being the first, and what is now Sharon being the second — was the Third Precinct in Stoughton incorporated. The first meeting of the new precinct was held Dec. 12, , 1843, at the house of Capt. George Talbot. Capt. George Talbot was elected clerk, and he, with Simon Stearns and Ralf Pope, constituted the first prudential committee. At this meeting a vote was passed to raise forty pounds for preaching "the present year and the year ensuing as far as it will go." At a meeting held December 26th it was voted to build a 2 The tablet is not lettered from this point. When complete what follows will be the history. STOUGHTON. 395 meeting-house, forty-five by thirty-five, on land given for the purpose by Daniel Talbot. The church was incorporated Aug. 10, 1744. About a month later a call was extended to Mr. Thomas Jones to become pastor. The precinct seems to have concurred with the church only so far as to hire Mr. Jones for three months. When the church was completed does not appear, but it was ready for a service of baptism May 23, 1745. On the 6th day of September following it was unanimously voted to call Mr. Jedediah Adams, of Braintree (now Quincy), to the pastorate of the church, three hundred pounds old tenor being al lowed " for his settling with us, as also for a salary, yearly, of one hundred and eighty pounds." Later twenty cords of wood per year were added to the salary, and it was voted that the pay should vary with variances in the price of corn and meat in the Boston market. Mr. Adams' pastorate began Jan. 5, 1746, though the ordination did not take place until February 19th. There is not very much to be noted during the pas torate of Mr. Adams except the general and very even prosperity of the precinct. In 1765 the Third Precinct became the Second, the Second having be come a separate town — Sharon. At a meeting held April 10, 1782, move was made for another division of the town, and Thomas Crane, Maj. Robert Sevan, Capt. Jedediah Southworth, Capt. Peter Talbot, and Capt. James Pope were appointed a committee to consult as to the necessary measures to be taken. By their recommendations petitions were presented to the town and to the General Court, but were refused. At the same meeting a committee was appointed to " in spect ye conduct of yc people on ye Lord's days, and call those by name in time of divine service, that pro fane the Lord's day." If the precinct could manage the Court it could manage its own members. The money with which the people now had to deal was perplexing to them ; one treasurer's report they were not able to understand until it was translated into silver currency. Then a balance of over twenty-four hundred pounds became only thirty-two pounds, one silver dollar being worth seventy-five of those in circulation. In 1785 the precinct received a bequest of land, enlarging the church lot from Christopher Wadsworth. At about this time a committee, consisting of Samuel Talbot, Jedediah Southworth, and Joshua Morse, recom mended that for the future the town raise all the money for the purpose of schooling and that none be raised by the precinct. It seems that in 1792 Mr. Adams' health began to fail, for it was voted at the March meeting of the precinct " to be in a way to settle a minister." On May 28th it was voted to give Mr. Edward Bichmond a call to the work of the gospel ministry. Mr. Eichmond's letter of accept ance shows him to have been a man of pious senti ments and feeble health. He invokes the blessing of God upon himself and people, and the indulgence of frequent exchanges in his ministry. The ordination was appointed to take place on the 28th of November. Thanksgiving being appointed on the next day, the ordination was postponed until December 5th, when Bev. Edward Richmond became the colleague of the aged Mr. Adams. Final settlement was not made with Mr. Adams until 1795, when forty pounds were offered him for a discharge in full for his services as a minister. Though the amount due him was much more than this, yet, " consulting ye best interest of ye parish, and wishing to have them in peace and har mony," he satisfied himself with the offer. Mr. Adams lived, and was practically senior pastor of the parish, until Feb. 25, 1799. Then, in his eighty-ninth year, and the fifty-third of his pastorate, occurred his death. Having received the honors of Harvard University in 1733, and having constantly added by " natural inquis- itiveness" to his store, he must have served his charge with a large knowledge, as well as with a pure char acter. His colleague wrote of him at the time of his death, " Constitutionally mild and benevolent, he was easily formed to a candid and liberal mode of think ing. His manners soft, modest, and unassuming, re ceived the finishing touch of genuine politeness. It may be truly said of him that he was learned without pedantry, polite without affectation, moral without austerity, pious without superstition, and devout with out enthusiasm." It is a pity that during the pastorate of Mr. Adams no church record was kept so as to be now available ; only the incorporation of the church, and the first church covenant, the covenant of the Congregational Churches in general, with the names of twenty-four signers, are in the old church book. The church record, as preserved, really begins with the call of Rev. Mr. Richmond, dated May 28, 1792. In 1795 Lieut. Roger Sumner and Lieut. John Holmes were chosen deacons of the church. In 1799, probably on the incorporation of Canton, the second precinct be came the parish in Stoughton. In 1797 the treas urer's report is for the first time in dollars and cents. The church is looking after absentees, and clothing those unable suitably to clothe themselves for attend ance upon divine service. Now denominational difficul ties begin to arise, the Methodists claiming the money of some taxables in the regular precinct church. A movement is made for the protection of the ancient buttonwood-trees still standing on the church green. 396 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. Thus early the spirit of the " Improvement Society" appears. A church member, Jeremiah Vose, is dealt with mercifully for intoxication and profanity. At the parish meeting a man is chosen " to see that the women stow clost in the seats in the meeting-house on Sunday." In 1798 and 1799 resort was had to law by other denominations, Methodists and Baptists, to secure the money of some taxes in the parish church. Dr. Peter Adams, Capt. Samuel Talbot, Capt. John Pope, Mr. Samuel Shephard, and Lieut. John Atherton were chosen to defend the parish. Their defense seems to have been successful, only as much being allowed these other denominations as the com mittee on public worship was willing to allow. In 1800, Mr. Richmond, reminding the parish of the de preciation in the value of money since his settlement, asks with manliness and modesty for an increase in his salary. In spite of this request the salary was not permanently advanced until 1816, though from year to year money was voted him in addition to it. In 1801 a new meeting-house began to be talked about. It was difficult for the parish to agree as to the house, and before 1805, when the job was given into the hands of Mr. Richmond, builder, of Middle borough, the pews were sold three times. The fourth sale stood, and plans were made for a house fifty- eight by fifty-eight feet, to be built at a cost of seven thousand five hundred dollars. A quarter of an acre of land was now given the parish by Mrs. Abigail, widow of Lemuel Drake. Upon this the main body of the church now stands, the most of the former bequest by Lieut. Daniel Talbot being included in the yard in front of the church. The church lot, containing one acre and twenty- three rods, was now complete. In 1802 the sing ing of the psalm or hymn, " in separate parts," by the deacon at the service of communion was dis continued, and the regular singers — the present musical society — were invited to assist at such service. In 1803 the church stopped after sacramental lecture, and received from Mr. Ephraim Copeland, of Boston, " an elegant quarto Bible for the use of the sanctuary. It was then voted that in future a portion of sacred Scripture be read as a book of publick worship." In 1805 the parish received a farm, the bequest of Lemuel Drake. This property is still held by the society, and is known as the Chemung lot. In 1806, July 2d, 3d, and 4th, the meeting-house was raised. In 1807 the bell and clock were placed, and it was voted that the bell should be rung, as now, at nine o clock Sunday mornings for regular church services, and tolled on the death of members of the parish. In 1808, Rev. Nehemiah Coye (Methodist) demanded the taxes of members of the parish. It was finally voted that the taxes of Stephen Briggs and Jacob Monk be paid over to said Coye, and that the taxes of these gentlemen be remitted, and they be left out of the parish bills in the future so long as they remain steady members of the Methodist society, and help support a regular Methodist minister. In this year the church passed a vote inviting the sisters to stop when any business was to be transacted after divine service. This courtesy seems almost to have been induced by service rendered. The ladies had made a generous contribution toward furnishing and trimming the new pulpit. The church was formally accepted by the parish May 23d, and dedicated June 2d. Before the dedication it was desirable that the green should re ceive attention. It was voted that the people be notified when to work, that the work be done gratis, and " that the parish be at the cost of their grog." About this time it was voted " to give up the pews over the westerly stairs to the blacks or people of color until March." For several years, now, things go on pleasantly and prosperously. In 1813 a sermon of Mr. Bichmond's was asked for publication, and a committee was appointed to ask him not to preach politics in the pulpit either on Sundays or days of thanksgiving or fasting. In 1815 Watts' Hymn- Book was displaced by Belknap's. In 1816 the society seems, for the first time, to have a stove for the church, — a present from William Austin. In December, 1816, difficulties growing beyond hope of adjustment, Mr. Richmond sent in his letter of resig nation. The reason for this action was, he said, that it had " long been evident that the labors of others were more acceptable." It is doubtless true that some of his parishioners desired a change in the pastorate, yet this desire cannot have been as general as he imagined. But a short time before twenty pounds had been permanently added to his salary, and now his resignation was accepted reluctantly, — at the first vote it was not accepted. Finally a committee, appointed to consult with Mr. Richmond, " with great reluct ance" advised the acceptance of his resignation, and he was dismissed. The council which was called to ratify his dismission, expressions of the society re corded and traditionary, together with such works of his as are now available, bear testimony that he was a man of character and ability. Whatever dissatis faction existed was not on account of these things. Neither was it on account of Mr. Richmond's the ology, though in the unsettled condition of opinion in those times there may have been some who objected to him on this score. The opposition was chiefly STOUGHTON. 397 political, without doubt, and had been growing since the time when he was asked not to preach politics. January 15th Mr. Richmond's pastorate came to an end. In September of the same year, Mr. Ebenezer Gay, of Walpole, was called ; after some discussion and variation of the conditions of the case, Mr. Gay accepted it, and was ordained Jan. 7, 1818. The church voted that strangers of regular standing in any denomination be invited to stay to communion. In May, 1819, the church voted it " inexpedient any longer to require of candidates for admission a par ticular confession of antecedent immoralities." There was an article in the warrant this year to " see if it is the will of the parish that Mr. Thaddeus Pomroy be debarred from preaching again in the meeting-house in Stoughton until he makes acknowledgment for once and again insulting and disturbing the society in said house." In 1820 dissatisfaction with Rev. Mr. Gay begins to appear. Repeated endeavors were made to have him dismissed until 1822, when conditions were made with him and his pastorate immediately terminated. The reason for dissatisfaction was his strict Calvinism. Opposition to liberal views was carried so far under him that formal complaints were made against those who revealed sympathies for Methodism, and a Uni versalist, Mr. Samuel Bird, was excommunicated. The church was not used to such severe interpreta tions and applications of theology. According to those whose opinion is of worth in the matter, it had inherited no such theology from the mother church, now the Unitarian in Canton. The first pastor, a member of the liberal Adams family in Quincy, and predisposed, as Dr. Bichmond has shown us from his very make up, "to a candid and liberal mode of thinking," did not certainly cultivate in the church any such views. And Dr. Bichmond himself was liberal, becoming afterwards, if he was not now, a pro fessed Unitarian. The church had not been used to such theology as that presented by Mr. Gay. That was the reason, doubtless, why he was dropped so quickly. And that he was thus dropped is another evidence that the church had not been schooled to such views. In 1821 seventy-eight members were reported as in good and regular standing in the church. On July 3, 1822, nine of these were present at a meetiug at which a majority of seven voted to sepa rate themselves " and hold public worship in such places as Providence may from time to time direct." These, with others who were gathered to them, and led by Rev. Mr. Gay, first held their services in a hall over what is now Swan's store, corner of Washington and Wyman Streets, and were the beginning of the present Congregationalist society in this town. Mr. Gay carried the church records with him to his new movement. They were recovered some years after wards by the First Church. It was some time after the separation before the parish settled upon a pastor. There seems to have been a short pastorate, beginning in 1824 and continuing a little past the annual parish meeting, in 1825, which has found no mention on ; our tablet. The minister was Mr. Ephraim Bandall. During this time some who had gone away showed a disposition to return, and a committee was chosen to confer with them. A vote was passed in 1825 to raise three hundred dollars for the ensuing year, three- fourths to be for Unitarian and one-fourth for Univer salist preaching. In 1826 it was voted to have eight months Unitarian and four months Universalist preaching. In 1827 it was voted to inform the Uni tarian association of " the penniless condition of the church," and ask for help. October 8th, Mr. Wm. L. Stearns was invited to settle over the parish for five years, at four hundred and fifty dollars per year. Mr. Stearns accepted the call, and was ordained No vember 21st. The next year the parish received help to the amount of one hundred and fifty dollars from the Evangelical Missionary Society. For the first time apparently the church was insured this year, — amount, three thousand dollars. On Dec. 13, 1830, a vote was passed to dismiss Rev. Mr. Stearns from the pastorate, " his religious sentiments not agreeing with the majority of the society." Mr. Stearns was Unitarian, the prevailing sentiment was Universalist, and Rev. Massena B. Ballou, who still lives in town, and who had been invited to the pastorate before Mr. Stearns' settlement, was again called, and immediately became pastor. The Unitarians now separated them selves from the parish, and started a society of their own. It was not long, however, before they were back in the old church. The history of the parish under Mr. Ballou's administration shows steady pros perity. In 1832 a new bell was purchased, Lemuel Gay, Jonathan Linfield, and Wm. S. Belcher being the committee to obtain it. In 1834, voted that the inhabitants of East Stoughton have their proportion of the preaching. April 23, 1835, a new and dis tinctively Universalist covenant, or " church agree ment," was adopted, and shortly after a constitution for the government of the church. Brother Bobert Porter, Jr., and Brother Albert Johnson were elected deacons. In 1830 the church devotes the interest of its funds to the purchase of a Sunday-school library. At this time fifty-three members had joined the church and signed the covenant. In 1840 the church gave 398 HISTOBY OF NOBFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. its fund of two hundred and forty-four dollars to help pay a little parish debt. In 1841 Deacon Johnson requested dismission from the deaconate, and Thomas Capen was elected in his place. In the next year, on motion of Amasa Southworth, a vote was passed open ing the house to temperance meetings when it should be sought for them. In 1843 candidates were elected to General Convention, and the church began to feel the strength of membership in a larger organization. In 1848 the parish found itself strong enough to re model the church, at an expense of fifteen hundred dollars. The upper part was finished off to hold meetings in, and the vestry, called from that time Chemung Hall, was created. This year the pews be gan to be let at auction. In 1853, as he writes at the time, " after an agreeable and happy connection of twenty-two years," Mr. Ballou closed his pastorate with the parish. The reason for his withdrawal was poor health. The committee appointed to draw up resolutions in view of Mr. Ballou's resignation bore unqualified testimony to his usefulness in the minis try, and his manly, Christian conduct everywhere. In their loss of a pastor, they had the best comfort possible to them, in the fact that the friend would re main with them, — their neighbor still and fellow- worker. Eighty-four years old, Mr. Ballou is still a valued member of the parish, interested as ever in its Work, and comforted by its faith. In ] 854, Bev. J. W. Dennis was called to the pastorate. Brother Al bert Johnson was chosen deacon, and it was voted to celebrate communion the first Sunday in each month. In 1855, Mr. Dennis seems to have been kept from his pulpit by sickness. A record in the parish book is something of an index to the feeling which existed toward him at the time. An article was in the war rant " to see if the parish will authorize their treas urer to pay Rev. J. W. Dennis his salary for the quar ter ending June 30th. Voted 'yes unanimously.'" In 1856 movement was first made for an organ. On the committee appointed over this business were Jesse Holmes, James Hill, Jr., Alanson Belcher, James Atherton, Luther Leach, James Swan, Albert Dickerman, S. W. Hayden, and Wm. S. Belcher. The organ was not procured until the next year, and the final report of the committee, rejoicing in the liberality of the parish and exulting chiefly in the fact " that now the organ speaks for itself," was not made until 1858. Steadily gaining, spiritually and mate rially, nothing of particular note took place until 1863, when Mr. Dennis, on account of sickness, banded in his resignation. Though willing to grant all neces sary time for the treatment of his troubles, the parish was not willing to accept his resignation. They did not accept it. Even though they buried him before the end of the year, they never accepted his resigna tion. They hold him among them now, and he works for them, making them better when they think of him. In 1864 Bev. A. St. John Chambre' became pastor. In 1865 the afternoon service was dropped and the Sunday-school was held at the hour devoted to it. The success of Mr. Chambre" s pastorate at this stage appears in the improved state of the finances of the parish. From twelve hundred dollars the first year the minister's salary was easily advanced to two thousand the third, and in the sixth (1870) the par ish was able to remodel its church at a cost of over eleven thousand dollars. This amount was paid within a little over two thousand dollars when the work was done, and the parish found itself in posses sion of a most comfortable, appropriate, and beautiful temple of worship. The committee who had this work in charge were composed of the following gen tlemen : Luther S. Leach, Horace N. Tucker, Robert Porter, Jr., James Atherton, J. F. Ellis, Henry Ward, Bev. Mr. Chambre. In 1872, by the death of the clerk, the parish lost its organization, and ap peal had to be made to a justice before a meeting could be called. Mr. Chambre' resigned his pastorate April 1st of this year, after nine years of able and suc cessful service. In highly eulogistic resolutions the parish has put on record its appreciation of him and his service. In 1873 Joseph K. Masson, while yeta student, was called to the pastorate. No event of par ticular moment marks the period of his stay. Young, inexperienced as the new minister was, his ability was yet equal to holding the society up to the high stan dard to which it had been raised, until, in 1875, he was reluctantly surrendered to a persistent society in Connecticut. In April following Bev. H. B. Smith was unanimously invited to the pastorate. With good ability and the hearty co-operation of the people, the promise of Mr. Smith's success seemed bright. By his efforts, apparently, the parish membership was considerably increased. He rendered the society good service in raising the debt of about three thou sand dollars in 1879. On account of domestic trouble, however, he was obliged to resign in November of this year. The troubles of the minister were the misfor tune of the society as well, and this, with two years of candidating and the loss of a few strong men by death, materially depleted its strength. With good congregations and a large Sunday-school, it is yet strong, however, and hopes for further growth. The pastor is Bev. C. R. Tenney, settled Sept. 1, 1882. Among names prominent through all the history of the society, and still connected with it, are Atherton, STOUGHTON. 399 Monk, and Talbot. The first clerk of church and parish was a Talbot. The present clerk of the parish, who has held the office with one short break since 1845, is Jabez Talbot, of the same family. Very early other names appear, among which are Capen, Southworth, Gay, Bird, Drake, Swan, Johnson, Wales, Belcher, Holmes, Crane, and Paul. These names have given the parish its prosperity. It surely shall not want prosperity while they remain. The records of the parish are the main source of this sketch. These records have been remarkably well kept by the following list of clerks : George Tal bot, succeeded in 1746 by Capt. Preserved Capen ; succeeded in 1758 by David Capen ; succeeded in 1769 by Benjamin Bird; succeeded in 1770 by Robert Capen ; succeeded in 1771 by David Capen ; succeeded in 1790 by Andrew Capen ; succeeded in 1793 by Peter Adams ; succeeded in 1797 by Seth Morton ; succeeded in 1800 by Abram Capen ; suc ceeded in 1805 by Jedediah Atherton ; succeeded the same year by Seth Morton; succeeded in 1807 by George Monk ; succeeded in 1808 by Bichard Talbot; succeeded in 1810 by Jonathan Battles; succeeded in 1812 by Solomon Talbot; succeeded in 1814 by John Toy; succeeded in 1816 by Elijah Atherton; succeeded in 1818 by Abner Drake; suc ceeded in 1821 by Jeremiah Capen; succeeded in 1822 by Israel Guild ; succeeded in 1823 by Elijah Atherton; succeeded in 1826 by James Swan; suc ceeded in 1830 by Ahira Porter; succeeded in 1831 by Enos Talbot ; succeeded in 1 845 by Jabez Talbot, Jr. ; succeeded in 1867 by F. B. Upham ; succeeded in 1871 by Luther Leach ; succeeded in 1875 by Jabez Talbot, Jr. Congregational Church.1 — The present church organization is the result of a division in the old church, which occurred in 1822. At this time a majority of the society and a minority of the church became interested in Unitarian and Universalist doc trines. The majority of the church holding to the orthodox faith withdrew, and thus left the property" in the possession of the other party. We find the early records filled with the account of this separation and the controversies that grew out of it. This, however, is now only a matter of historical interest to either society, and they exist side by side with the utmost good feeling. The following is a list of pastors of the old church before the separation in 1822 : Rev. Thomas Jones, of Dorchester, was called to the pastorate Sept. 1, 1744. His stay could not have 1 By Rev. C. L. Rotch. been over one year, and it does not appear that he was ever installed. Rev. Jedediah Adams was called to the pastorate Sept. 6, 1745, and installed Jan. 31, 1746. Rev. Edward Richmond was called to the pastorate May 28, 1792, installed Dec! 5, 1792, and was dis missed, at his request, Jan. 5, 1817. Rev. Ebenezer Gay was called to the pastorate Sept. 21, 1817, installed Jan. 7, 1818, continued in office until the separation, in 1822, when he was regu larly dismissed, and then ministered to the orthodox party for some time. There were seventy-eight members of the church in 1821, one year before the separation, twenty-seven males and fifty-one females. Nathan Drake and Samuel Tolman were deacons of the church, and remained with the orthodox party after the separation. The church met July 1, 1822, and appointed a day of " fasting, humiliation, and prayer" on account of the difficulties of their situation. It was also voted at this time to call a council to advise in regard to the dismission of the pastor and the settlement of the diffi culties which threatened such evil to the church. At the close of the public religious services of this day of fasting, a meeting of the church was called at the house of the pastor, at which the following motion, brought forward by Deacon Drake and laid upon the table at a former meeting, was passed, seven voting in the affirmative and two in the negative : " In consequence of the exertions which have been made of late, by certain persons in this place, to de prive us of the enjoyment of gospel privileges and the dispensation of those doctrines which are according to our belief and profession, in separating from us our present pastor ; and this with the proposed design to substitute in the room thereof a more liberal and loose kind of preaching ! Be it voted by this church that it is expedient for us to associate and form our selves into a religious society, with certain other per sons in this place who may be disposed to unite with us for the purpose of maintaining the gospel accord ing to the principles and practices of our forefathers, who came to this country for the sake of establishing a church founded upon Christ and Him crucified ; and of maintaining and defending the doctrine of grace, and that we henceforth hold public worship in such places as Providence may from time to time direct." A council was called which approved the action of the church, while regretting that difficulties had arisen rendering the division necessary. We find at this time that Dr. " Watts' Psalm and Hymns" were reintroduced. 400 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. The church first met for worship at the house of Mr. Daniel Hayward, now Mr. Swan's store. " There in an upper room the church held their first communion' after the separation, and there their be loved pastor preached to them his farewell sermon from Acts xx. 25." After a few months they met for worship in " a commodious hall" in the store belong ing to Mr. William Holbrook. Here they continued until their new church was built and dedicated June 1, 1825. The dedicatory sermon was preached by Rev. Ebenezer Gay, the church never having been in a condition to settle a new pastor. The church re cord their gratitude to the neighboring ministers and churches, and also to the Domestic Missionary Society for financial aid. They were blessed with the labors of a number of devoted ministers. Among these was Mr. Job Cushman, during whose labors the church was blessed with " a small revival, but however small, a greater one than was ever known in the town be fore." Rev. Calvin Park, D.D., was invited to supply the pulpit in May, 1825, and in October of the same year was called to the pastorate, which invitation he ac cepted. A council was called for his installation, and convened Dec. 13, 1826. This was an exceedingly large and able council, consisting of eighteen churches. In this installation Rev. John Ferguson, of East At- tleboro', made the introductory prayer; Rev. Dr. Em- mond, of Franklin, preached the sermon ; Rev. Rich ard S. Storrs, of Braintree, made the installing prayer ; Rev. Eiisha Fish, of Wrentham, gave the charge to the pastor ; Rev. Ebenezer Burgess, of Dedham, gave the right hand of fellowship, and Bev. William Cogs well made the address to the people. The weekly prayer-meeting, to be held in different parts of the society, was instituted by vote of the church March 25, 1827. On May 13th of the same year the Sabbath-school was opened and Mr. Samuel Tolman chosen as the first superintendent. He hav ing declined to serve, the pastor was elected Oct. 15, 1829. The church adopted the articles of faith and covenant of the church of Dedham instead of that under which they were originally organized. The church voted, Nov. 20, 1831, to hold a pro tracted meeting. Those meetings were well attended, and resulted in great good. Thirty persons seem to have united with the church as the result of those meetings. The church took the following action on temperance July 19, 1832 : " As the friends of God are at the present time making great efforts to pre vent the use of distilled liquors, and believing the use of them as a drink is a sin against God and essentially hurtful to the best interests of man, both temporal and spiritual, we do as a church hereby solemnly re solve that we will abstain wholly from the use of them, except as a medicine ; that we will not provide them either for company, or for those who may be engaged in our employment, and that we will make exertions to suppress both the use and the traffic of them throughout the community." Dr. Park resigned the pastoral office May 24, 1840, but at the request of the church he continued with them until his successor was chosen. At a council held Nov. 4, 1840, Dr. Park was dis missed, and Rev. Henry Eddy, who had been called by the church, was installed. Seven churches united in this council. In the installing services, Rev. Paul Couch, of North Bridgewater, made the introductory prayer. Bev. R. S. Storrs, D.D., of Braintree, preached the sermon. Bev. Calvin Hitchcock, D.D., of Bandolph, made the installing prayer. Rev. Eb enezer Burgess, D.D., of Dedham, gave the charge to the pastor. Bev. Edward Cleveland, of Stoneham, gave the right hand of fellowship, and Rev. D. A. Grosvener made a concluding prayer. Friday, Jan. 1, 1841, was observed as a day of fasting, on account of the low state of religion. These days of fasting were often appointed by the church. Some difficulty having arisen in regard to Rev. Henry Eddy's dismission, he requested the church to unite with him in calling a mutual council. These matters were afterwards satisfactorily adjusted, and he was regularly dismissed by a council held Aug. 13, 1844. At a meeting of the church held June 11, 1846, Rev. Wm. W. Corn well was called to minister to them as acting pastor, and he seems to have served the church for at least one year. The Monthly Foreign Missionary Concert was insti tuted June 11, 1846. The church met Sept. 26, 1850, and voted unani mously to call the Rev. Albert Perry, of New Ipswich, to become their pastor. ' The council called for the installation of the Rev. Albert Perry, consisting of eleven churches, met Jan. 8, 1851. The following persons participated : Invocation and reading of the Scriptures by Rev. L. R. Phillips, of Sharon ; introductory prayer by Rev. Paul Couch, of North Bridgewater ; sermon by Professor Edwards A. Park, D.D., of Andover Theological Seminary; charge to the pastor by Rev. Samuel Lee, of New Ips wich ; right hand of fellowship by Rev. Horace James Wrentham ; charge to the people by Rev. D. Hunt ington, of North Bridgewater. Concluding prayer by Rev. Luther Sheldon, of Easton. STOUGHTON. 401 The new church was dedicated Wednesday, June 28, 1852, a large number being present. The fol lowing were the principal participants in the services : Invocation and reading of Scriptures by Bev. L. B. Phillips, of Sharon, Mass. ; introductory prayer by Rev. S. R. Eastman, Berkley, Mass. ; sermon by Rev- Albert Perry, pastor, text 1 Thess. v. 21 ; dedicatory prayer by Rev. Luther Sheldon, D.D., of Easton ; closing prayer by Rev. D. Huntington, of North Bridgewater. The church, fifty-eight by seventy-five feet, will seat five hundred people, and cost about twelve thou sand dollars. At a meeting of the church, held on fast day, April 8, 1852, it was voted to hold the annual meet ings on such day as the pastor might designate. Their custom had been heretofore to hold such meetings on the day of public fast. By a motion and discussion in a meeting held Oct. 12, 1854, it seems that the church was then using unfermented wine at the communion. On account of failing health the Bev. Albert Perry resigned his pastorate June 21, 1856. The church, with much regret, felt compelled to accept his resig nation. The following is found among the resolu tions passed at the time : " Resolved, That an acquaintance of five years has added to our respect for his superior intellectual en dowments, a strong love for the peculiar sympathy, kindness, and Christian charity of his heart, and that as it is our earnest wish, so it shall be our fervent prayer, that a gracious Providence may yet restore him to health, and spare him for much useful service to the church." At a meeting of the church, held Feb. 17, 1856, Rev. Thomas Wilson was called to the pastorate of the church. He having accepted the invitation of the church, a council was called which should act in the dismission of Bev. Albert Perry and in the in stallation of his successor. The council, which met March 13, 1856, represented eleven churches. The installation services were as follows : Invoca tion and Scriptural reading, Bev. Lyman White, of Easton ; sermon by Bev. Leonard Swain ; installing prayer by Bev. L. B. Phillips, of Sharon; charge to the pastor by Bev. Amos Blanchard, D.D., of Lowell ; right hand of fellowship by Rev. James H. Means, of Dorchester ; address to the people by Rev. Charles L. Mills, of North Bridgewater ; concluding prayer by Rev. Paul Couch, of North Bridgewater. At the annual meeting of the church, held April 10, 1856, the " prudential committee of the church" was first instituted. It was also voted that all mem- 26 bers received from other churches shall publicly as sent to the covenant of this church. The "penny contribution" in the Sabbath-school was inaugurated at the annual meeting April 16, 1857. By vote of the annual meeting, April 15, 1858, the time of such meeting was fixed at the close of the preparatory lecture before the January communion. A communication was received from the'Methodist Episcopal Church at Stoughton, at the annual meet ing in 1866, returning thanks for providing them with a place of worship for some months while they were "houseless," and praying that the blessing of God might rest upon both societies in their individ ual labors and common sympathies and interests. The week of prayer was first observed by the church in 1868 by vote of the annual meeting. By vote of the church, at a meeting held after communion ser vice, March 7, 1869, it was voted to introduce "Songs of the Sanctuary" instead of the " Church Psalmody," that congregational singing might be cultivated thereby. By a vote of the church, May 26, 1870, the use of the church was granted to the Universal ist society while they were remodeling their house. It was voted by the church that fellowship meet ing be held at the the close of preparatory lectures as recommended by the Norfolk Conference of churches, Nov. 13, 1870. The church received a communica tion from the Universalist society, returning thanks for the use of the church during the previous six months. This letter was most kindly written. At the annual meeting held Dec. 30, 1870, it was voted that the officers of the church be chosen by ballot. At a meeting held after the communion, Jan. 1, 1871, it was voted to substitute, on trial for six months, a " Bible Service," instead of the afternoon preaching, — yeas 23, nays 6. At this time the pas tor was chosen superintendent of the Sabbath-school upon the resignation of A. H. Drake. The church voted April 30, 1871, to observe the communion at the close of the morning service. It was voted May 5, 1872, to continue permanently the " Bible Service." By vote of the annual meeting, Jan. 9, 1873, the pastor was authorized to issue a pastoral letter to each member of the church as recommended by the several conferences. Feb. 15, 1874, the church voted Monday, the 16th inst., as a day of fasting and prayer for the pres ence of the Holy Spirit in His converting and sanc tifying power. A petition was also drawn up, and signed by all persons present, requesting Bev. A. B. Earle to come and hold a series of meetings in union with the Methodist Episcopal Church. July 3, 1874, the church voted that the pastor and 402 HISTOBY OF NOBFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. deacons take what measures they may think advisable towards obtaining unfermented " fruit of the vine" for use at the communion. Oct. 31, 1875, Bev. Thomas Wilson resigned his pastoral relation over the church, to take effect March 13, 1876, the completion of the twentieth year of his ministry to the church. Nov. 11, 1875, the church invited the B. B. M. C. Association to hold a series of meetings in connec tion with the church. On Feb. 11, 1876, the church accepted the resig nation of their pastor. We find this among the reso lutions passed at the time : " Resolved, That we rec ognize in him a faithful disciple of the Master whose gospel he has so long preached among us ; a man zealous in the discharge of the duties of his sacred office, firm in his convictions of right, quick and constant in his sympathies with those who suffer in body or in mind ; a safe counselor and a true friend, an open and decided enemy of wickedness in places high as well as low ; and while preaching in all purity the doctrine of salvation through repent ance and faith in God and our Saviour Jesus Christ, exemplifying the power and excellence of that faith in his own daily walk and godly conversations before men," A council met by call of the church March 7, 1876, and in a regular manner approved of the action of the church in accepting the resignation of their pastor and most cordially recommended him to the churches. The church received, June 1, 1876, the revision of their committee on revision of constitution, ar ticles of faith, etc. ; this report was finally com pleted and accepted June 22d of the same year. It was voted at a meeting of the church, held June 22, 1876, to call Mr. John Herbert, of Peacham, Vt., to become their minister, — this was unanimous. At a meeting of the church, Feb. 14, 1877, it was voted to receive members from other churches upon vote of the church. At a meeting held March 14, 1877, a new creed and covenant, reported from a committee previously appointed, were adopted, and with slight alterations have been used by the church since. At the annual meeting, 1878, committees were chosen for the following purposes : Visiting the sick, on charity, and on spiritual condition of the people. At a meeting held soon after this a committee on singing was appointed. They reported a diversity of opinion. It was finally voted to have congregational singing, led by a choir of young people. A com mittee on calling was raised at a meeting held March 27, 1878. At a meeting held Jan. 9, 1879, L. M. Flint was made a committee to invite the B. B. M. 0 Associa tion to labor with the church, and Deacon Clapp a committee to invite the Methodist Episcopal Church to unite in this work. The pastor resigned on account of trouble with his throat. At a council called to advise in regard to Bev. Z. Herbert's dismission, the action of the church was approved, and the following resolution was passed: " We find Brother Herbert to be a wise counselor, a faithful and efficient pastor, and a sincere and earnest Christian." At a meeting of the church held Dec. 18, 1879, it was unanimously voted to extend a call to Bev. D. 0. Clark, who had supplied the pulpit for three months. This call was not accepted, but Bev. D. 0. Clark con tinued to act as pastor for two years longer. At a meeting held Jan. 8, 1880, the deacons and pruden tial committee were instructed to meet with the pastor the first Monday of each month, to attend to any busi ness which may come before them. At the annual meeting, 1881, it was voted to in crease the number of deacons to three, and that they should be so elected that one should retire each year. The church renewed their call to Bev. D. 0. Clark to become their pastor ; but he was still unwilling to accept. Jan. 19, 1882, the church, by unanimous vote, extended a call to Bev. P. B. Wing to become their pastor. At a meeting of the church held April 27, 1882, it was voted to call Rev. C. L. Rotch, of New Sharon, Me., to become their pastor. This call was accepted, and he has continued in office since, being installed by council the following October. The following is a list of deacons, and when elected, so far as appears on the records : Nathan Drake, Sam uel Tolman, in office at the time of separation, 1822; Ebenezer Drake, Dec. 25, 1832 ; Fisher Gay, Jan. 4, 1833; Benjamin Clapp, Feb. 1, 1854; Ezekiel Dick erman, Sept. 1, 1865; Nathaniel Gay, 1873; Samuel Clapp, 1878 ; E. M. Norton, Jan. 19, 1881 ; Nathaniel Gay, Jan. 19, 1882, re-election ; Samuel Clapp, Jan. 19, 1883, re-election. The Sunday-school superintendents, so far as they appear on the records, and time of election, have been as follows : Deacon Samuel Tolman, 1827 ; Rev. Calvin Park, D.D., 1827 ; Mr. Edwards A. Park, 1828 ; Mr. Stilman Drake, 1829 ; Mr. Joseph Gates, 1829 ; Mr. Fisher Gay, 1830 ; Mr. Francis Sumner, 1832 ; Mr. D. Hayward ; Deacon Ebenezer Drake, 1839 ; Dr. Cyrus S. Mann, 1852 ; Mr. S. Gardner Pettee, 1861; Mr. Albert H. Drake, 1870; Rev. Thomas Wilson, 1872; Mr. Levi M. Flint, 1876; STOUGHTON. 403 Rev. John Herbert, 1877 ; Mr. L. M. Flint, 1878; Mr. E. M. Norton, 1880; Mr. L. M. Flint, 1880; Rev. D. 0. Clark, 1881 ; Deacon E. M. Norton, 1882. Methodist Episcopal Church,1 — Methodism in Stoughton dates back to 1810. Occasional services were held about that time by Bev. John Tinkham, a local preacher, resident in Easton. Mr. Tinkham made frequent visits to the sick in this vicinity, and his labors in this direction were so appreciated that he was invited to hold regular preaching services at the house of Mr. Hezekiah Gay. The first Methodist class was formed Jan. 30, 1812, by Bev. Artemas Stebbins, preacher in charge of the Mansfield and Easton Circuit. The class con sisted of five members, viz. : Atherton Belcher, James Smith, Rebecca Gay, Deborah Leonard, and William Smith. With the organization of this class, Stough ton (Factory Village) was added to the list of appoint ments on the Mansfield and Easton Circuit. In 1818 the membership had increased to forty, and a church building was erected at Factory Village (now West Stoughton) at a cost of about seven hundred dollars. In 1827 another class was formed at North Stough ton. In 1834, Stoughton became a station by itself, but was united to North Stoughton in the list of ap pointments, and one preacher supplied both places. The preaching services at North Stoughton were usually held at the house of Mr. Elijah Gill. In 1835 it was decided to build a new church at the centre of the town. Some of the North Stoughton society did not concur, and the result was the erection of a new church building in each place. The church at the centre cost about two thousand two hundred dollars, and was dedicated Sept. 16, 1835. The North Stoughton society failed to receive a preacher from Conference the following year, and became a Protes tant Methodist Church. In 1866 the present church-edifice was erected. It is finely located on one of the principal streets, and is every way suited to the uses of the society. A parsonage is also owned by the church, subject to a small annuity during the lifetime of the donor, and otherwise both church and parsonage are free from debt. There is also a Roman Catholic Church in Stough ton, a Methodist Church at North Stoughton, and a Baptist Church at East Stoughton, but we have been unable to secure any information concerning them. i By Rev. C. H. Ewer. CHAPTER XXXIII. STOUGHTON— (Continued). The Press — The Stoughton Sentinel — Masonic — Rising Star Lodge, F. and A. M. — Mount Zion Royal Arch Chapter — Stoughton Lodge, No. 72, I. O. 0. F.— The Boot and Shoe Interest — Civil History — Representatives and Town Clerks from 1731 to 1884 — Military Record — Number of Men Furn ished — Amount of Money Expended for War Purposes. Saturday morning, Nov. 10, 1860, there ap peared the initial number of a newspaper, published and edited by William H. Jewell, and called The Stoughton Sentinel. This issue was printed in the neighboring town of Canton. It was quite an ambi tious start, and its first numbers indicated interest and enterprise. Born in times of great national troubles, their echo is seen in its columns. The editor be lieved in the right of secession, and this fact doubt less had much to do with the early demise of the en terprise. Saturday morning, Nov. 7, 1863, Messrs. William W. and C. A. Wood, again taking the name of Sentinel, issued a bright, entertaining sheet, its ob ject "to entertain, to instruct and improve." This enterprise continued until the 15th of October, 1864, when the paper appeared as a half sheet, with the fol lowing notice at the editorial head : " Both of the editors of the Stoughton Sentinel having gone to war for 100 days, the paper will be published in its pres ent shape during their absence." The paper ap peared until Sept. 9, 1865, when it yielded to death's call, not being sufficiently supported to pay. Messrs. Pratt & Hasty, of Randolph, again took up the broken thread in 1870, and printed it in Randolph. Mr. H. E. Wilkins was identified with this move ment aud lent it substantial aid. Soon Mr. Hasty, becoming alarmed for his precedence with outsiders, removed to Stoughton. Mr. Hasty continued the paper until 1877, when he died. Mr. A. P. Smith then became editor and proprietor, and continued until August, 1883. In September, 1882, Mr. L. W. Standish, a Stoughton boy, came from Wakefield, where he had served apprenticeship as a printer, and where he had evinced ability as a writer, and took charge of the editorial work of the paper. Under his well-directed efforts the circulation of the paper was doubled in a few months, and it soon became well known and quoted in these parts. In August, 1883, Mr. Standish purchased the paper and office of Mr. Smith, and is now at its head. The paper has about one thousand circulation weekly and a large advertis ing patronage. The Sentinel is now known as hav ing an opinion on all matters relating to Stoughton's welfare, and its position carries weight, It occupies 404 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. a high place among the list of country papers, and is widely quoted. Rising Star Lodge1 was instituted Dec. 10, 1799, with the following charter members : Peter Adams, Benjamin Capen, Joseph Bichards, Nathan Gill, Abraham Capen, David Wadsworth, William Capen, Amos Upham, John Atherton, Jr., and Consider Southworth. The first regular meeting after the charter was obtained was held at the house of Lemuel Drake, in Stoughton, on the eve of the 9th of January, 1800, and the following officers were chosen : Peter Adams, M. ; Benjamin Capen, S. W. ; Joseph Richards, J. W. ; Nathan Gill, Treas. ; Abraham Capen, Sec. ; David Wadsworth, Sr. D. ; William Capen, Jr. D. ; Amos Upham, First Steward ; John Atherton, Jr., Second Steward. Permission was given by the Grand Lodge to re move the lodge to Canton, March 15, 1810. It was thence removed from Canton to Sharon, June 13, 1814, and then back to Stoughton Dec. 27, 1817. The first time the lodge appeared in public was on the 22d of February, 1800, on which occasion they joined a procession composed of militia, visitors, and school-boys, " to pay funeral honors to their late brother, George Washington, late general of the armies of America." The procession moved to the burying-place in this town, then back to the meeting house, where an oration was delivered by the Rev. Edward Richmond, D.D., suitable to the occasion. It has always been said with pride by the old members that while many lodges surrendered their charters during the Anti-Masonic excitement of 1831. this lodge never missed a meeting, as the records will show. The Masters of Rising Star Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons from its organization to the present time have been as follows : Peter Adams, 1800 -5 ; Benjamin Capen, 1805-6 ; Amos Upham, 1807-8 ; Elijah Crane, 1809-11 ; Thomas Kol- lock, 1812-13; Consider Southworth, 1814-15; William Dunbar, 1816 ; Elijah Atherton, 1817-20 ; Willard Gould, 1821 ; Joel Talbot, 1822 ; Thomas Crane, 1823; Lemuel Gay, 1824-25, 1852; Jon athan Beynolds, 1826-27 ; Nathaniel Blake, 1828- 29; James Swan, 1830-31, 1851; Azel Capen, 1832-34, 1850; Ansel Capen, 1835-36; Samuel Chandler, 1837-39 ; Consider A. Southworth, 1840-41; John H. Wales, 1842-43; Simeon T. Drake, 1844-46 ; Ebenezer W. Tolman, 1847-48 ; Bev. Benjamin Huntoon, 1849 ; George Talbot, 1 Contributed by Mr. Leonard A. Thayer. 1853-57; Enos Talbot, 1858-60; George B. Blake, 1861-62; Jonathan B. Gay, 1863-64, 1868 ; Benjamin Ward, 1865-66 ; Bradford Kinsley' 1867; George F. Walker, 1869-70, 1874; Joshua Britton, 1871-73 ; Leander G. Britton, 1875-76' Elmer W. Walker, 1877-78 ; James H. May, 1879- 80 ; Robert Jackson, 1881-82 ; Albert E. Standish, 1883. The following are the officers for 1884 : Albert E. Standish, M. ; Ewen Boyden, Jr., S. W. ; Gurdon Southworth, J. W. ; Washington Tower, Treas. Leonard A. Thayer, Sec. ; Henry A. Standish, Chap. George F. Walker, M.; Ira F. Burnham, S. D. George O. Wentworth, J. D. ; H. Augustus Monk, Sr. Steward ; William Curtis, Jr. Steward ; William Atherton, Organist ; James W. Bichardson, Tyler, Present membership, eighty-two. Mount Zion Royal Arch Chapter, F. and A. M.!— The membership of Bising Star Lodge of Freemasons in Stoughton comprised very many of the leading men in the vicinity, and its reputation for good Masonic work was well known. Many of its leading members had become Boyal Arch Masons, and their love of the craft culminated in a meeting at the Masonic Hall in Stoughton on Oct. 12, 1820. The meeting was opened, as all great and good undertakings should be, by first invoking the divine blessing. This was done by Rev. Thomas Rich. The petition for the charter was then read, and it was decided to present the same to the Grand Chapter in December. The following were selected as officers : H. P., John Edson ; K., Elijah Atherton ; S., Thomas Tol man ; C. of H., David Manley ; P. S., Timothy Dorman ; R. A. O, Jonathan Reynolds ; Treas., Royal Turner; Sec, Artemas Kennedy; M. 3d Veil, Joel Talbot ; M. 2d Veil, Consider South- worth ; M. 1st Veil, Luther M. Harris ; 1st Steward, Leonard Kinsley ; 2d Steward, Leonard Alden ; Chap., Rev. Thomas Rich. No Tyler was selected. Among the petitioners were also Abram Capen and Benjamin Capen, of Stoughton, and Wm. Dunbar, of Canton. Consider Southworth was chosen a committee to get the approbation of Adoniram Chapter, and Thomas Tolman to obtain the approba tion of St. Andrew's and St. Paul's Chapters, and John Edson, Elijah Atherton, and Thomas Tolman were appointed to present the petition to the Grand Chapter, and the same were appointed to call the first meeting, if the petition was granted. The dispensation was issued Dec. 13, 1820, and was signed by Jonathan Gage, Grand High Priest, John 2 By Samuel Wales Hodges. STOUGHTON. 405 J. Loring, Grand Secretary. The chapter immedi ately went to work with the officers as named above, " " and its first candidate was Maj. Lemuel Gay, for many years postmaster, and a leading citizen of the town ; closely followed by Nathaniel Blake, the leading owner in the stage line from Taunton (through " " Stoughton) to Boston ; Richard Talbot and M ather Holmes, whose names frequently occur on the town records; Abel Wentworth, of Canton; Robert L. Killan, of Hanson ; and others from Bridgewater, Randolph, and other towns in the vicinity. Among the first officers were John Edson, a man of charac ter; Elijah Atherton, for many years the leading trial justice of the vicinity : Thomas Tolman, a lawyer, for a long period treasurer of the Grand Lodge F. and A. M. of Massachusetts ; Timothy Dorman, of Randolph, whose initials, T. D., will be long remembered in con nection with the old-fashioned clay tobacco-pipes; Royal Turner, of Randolph, many years president of Randolph Bank ; Consider Southworth, the pioneer manufacturer of Southworth sewing-cotton and loom- harness twine ; Capt. Jonathan Beynolds ; and Joel Talbot, ever to be remembered as good citizens and active townsmen ; and Benjamin Capen and his brother Deacon Abram Capen, the owner of the hotel, and who furnished the hall for the Masonic fraternity. The work of the chapter was continued with " fer vency and zeal," so that about twenty were added during the following six months, rendering the suc cess of the chapter beyond question. On the 22d of August, 1821, a charter having been granted, Mount Zion Boyal Arch Chapter was duly consecrated at Stoughton by the officers of the Grand Chapter of Massachusetts. This was a gala day for the craft, and the citizens of the town. The record says, " The officers of the Grand Chapter were received by the committee of the chapter, at the house of Rev. Mr. Gay, resident clergyman, and es corted to the Masonic Hall. A procession, consisting of nearly four hundred members of the order, and a large number of ladies, was formed, and all marched to the meeting-house of Rev. Mr. Gay, where the ceremonies of consecration and installation were per formed, agreeably to the ancient forms and usages of Freemasonry. An address was delivered by Rev. Companion Joseph Richardson ; prayer was offered by Richard Carraque ; music by the Stoughton choir,1 1 This Stoughton choir was the " Musical Society in Stough ton," organized about 1762 to furnish music for church service, in which they were remarkably successful. The society is in existence to-day, and in a very flourishing condition. It was and is confined to citizens of Stoughton. In about 1786 another society was formed out of this, called the " Stoughton Musical which was judiciously selected, and well adapted to the occasion. After the close of the services in the meeting-house, the procession was reformed, and they proceeded to the bower, and partook of a dinner pre pared by Companion Abram Capen. The total ex penses of the occasion, except the dinner, were twenty- eight dollars and fifty-five cents. The first death of a member was that of Leonard Alden, of Randolph, in August, 1822, and Royal Turner, of Randolph, was elected to prepare and deliver the eulogy. This was subsequently carried out at the meeting-house. Prayer was offered by Rev. Benja min Hunton, of Canton, and the singing was by the Stoughton choir, who were thanked for their services. On the 24th of June, 1825, the chapter partici pated in the ceremonies of laying the corner-stone of the new court-house in Dedham. Nov. 8, 1824, the chapter gave its consent to the formation of a new chapter in Medway ; Nov. 17, 1828, for a new chap ter in Dedham ; May 4, 1860, for a new chapter at Foxboro' ; Oct. 18, 1861, for a new chapter in Bridge- water; Feb. 25, 1870, for a new chapter in Hyde Park. The charter members of the above new chapters were largely from Mount Zion Chapter. One episode of the old Anti-Masonic political times may be recorded. During the great excitement, in 1831, feeling ran high in Stoughton, and Anti-Ma sonry was triumphant. At a town-meeting held in Stoughton April 4, 1831, the selectmen presented a list of persons to act as jurors. This list was referred back to them for revision. A second list was dis posed of in the same way, when the third revise was presented to the town. They voted to accept it after striking off the names of Leonard Hodges, Elijah Atherton, Jonathan Reynolds, and Benjamin Capen, and substituting therefor Buel Packard, Thomas Capen, Daniel Hayward, and Eliphalet Gay. Al though nothing is said in the record of the question of Masonry, the people of the town and the Masons understood that these names were stricken off because they were Masons, and the substitutes were elected because they were Anti-Masons. In the light and intelligence of the present age it seems impossible that such a thing could have occurred. At the next meeting of the chapter, held April 25, 1831, three applications for the degrees conferred by the chapter were received. June 21, 1831, the chapter voted a donation to the Seamen's Friend Society of Boston. This is but Society," which drew membership from the surrounding towns as well. These two are supposed to be the oldest musical so cieties in this country. (See page 4 of this work.) 406 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. one of a series of donations to charitable objects by the chapter, they having cheerfully accepted and honestly carried out the benevolent instructions of Masonry. Mount Zion Chapter has, during more than sixty years of life, contained within its membership some of the brightest lights of Freemasonry, and its own star has never been dimmed during any of the years of the crusade against the craft. Its roll of member ship contains the names of those who have been the most active in their localities in all good works, and its own large charities have been administered with out ostentation. No stain has marred the purity of the banner it threw to the breeze at its birth, and no doubt its future life will be a repetition of its past, with the good even more abundant. Stoughton Lodge, No. 72, I. 0. 0. F.,1 was insti tuted May 5, 1845, with the following charter mem bers : Eiisha Page, Elbridge Jones, Ezra Stearns, Williams W. Hawes, Luther Hayden, Josiah Adkins, William Hayden, John F. Craig, Hosea Osgood, Jr. The following are the names of the Past Grands who are members of this lodge at the present time : R. Warren Jones, George W. Hussey, Samuel Capen, Francis M. Ellms, Warren P. Bird, Henry W. Dar ling, Bobert Burnham, Henry W. Mead, Henry Drake, Thomas W. Bright, Joseph D. Jones, Charles H. Drake, Jr., Chester Clark, Philip B. Whiting, Abraham F. Lunt, Wilbur F. Fuller, Daniel P. Gray, A. St. John Chambrl, Lysander Wood, Edward W. Stevens, Nathan B. Lothrop, Newell S. Atwood, W. Holmes, Clarence W. Mead, Albert E. Standish, Henry H. Waugh, Hiram Smith, Melvin 0. Walker, F. Walker, Albert H. Whiting, Charles Tenny, Oscar A. Marden, J. W. Bichardson, Edwin M. Norton, Benjamin F. Pierce, Henry A. Standish, Charles S. Young. The present officers are : N. G., H. I. Wood ; V. G., Frank F. Smith; Bee. Sec, Wilbur F. Fuller; Per. Sec, James W. Bichardson ; Treas., Charles R. Seaver ; Trustees, N. S. Atwood, Charles Tenney, Abram F. Lunt. Number of members at present time, one hundred and twenty-eight. The following is a list of the Past Grands of Stoughton Lodge, No. 72, I. 0. 0. F., with the date of their installation as Noble Grands : 1845.— May 5, Eiisha Page; July 7, Elbridge Jones; Oct. 6, Ezra Stearns. 1846.— Jan. 2, W. W. Hawes; April 5, Luther Hayden; July 6, Ezra Stearns ; Oct. 5, William Page. 1847.— Jan. 4, Jefferson Fitts: July 6, Eliab Pratt. 1 By Wilbur F. Fuller. 1848. — Jan. 3, Hosea Osgood, Jr. ; July 3, Ahira Porter. 1849.— Jan. 1, Jedediah Tucker; July 2, William Tozer. 1850. — Jan. 7, Elihu Withington; July 1, Obadiah Jenkins. 1851. — Jan. 6, George W. Hayden ; July 7, Jeremiah L. Capen. 1852. — Jan. 5, James Ingham; July 19, N. Withington, Jr. 1853. — July 7, George Marden. 1854. — Jan. 5, Samuel W. Hodges ; July 6, George W. Hayden. 1855. — Jan. 1, William H. Hardin; July 5, Abraham F. Lunt. 1856. — Jan. 7, E. S. Anderson ; July 1, W. H. Anderson. 1857.— Jan., Charles R. Hill ; July, Henry Drake. 1858.— Jan., Henry W. Mead; July, R. Warren Jones. 1859. — Jan., Joseph A. Foster; July, A. E. Richardson. I860.— Jan., Leonard Drake; July, Wilbur F. Fuller. 1861. — Jan., George B. Blake; July, Samuel Capen. 1862. — Jan., George W. Hussey; July, Ezra T. Upham. 1863. — Jan., William H. Hardin; July, Samuel Capen. 1S64.— Jan., E. S. Anderson; July, Thomas W. Bright. 1865. — Jan., Joseph D. Jones; July, J. M. Bird. 1866.— Jan., Henry W. Mead; July, A. St. John Chambre. 1867. — Jan., F. A. Stevens; July, A. St. John Chambre. 1868.— Jan., Warren P. Bird; July, Charles H. Drake, Jr. 1869. — Jan., Frank M. Ellms; July, Henry H. Bromade. 1870.— Jan., Henry W. Darling; July, M. A. Linfield. 1871. — Jan., Daniel P. Grey; July, N. R. Lothrop. 1872. — Jan., Chester Clark ; July, Lysander Wood. 1873. — Jan., Edward W. Stevens; July, James W. Richardson. 1874.— Jan., N. S. Atwood; July, C. Farrell. 1875.— Jan., Philip B. Whiting; July, Charles Tenney. 1876. — Jan., James H. May; July, Melvin 0. Walker. 1877. — Jan., Wadsworth Holmes; July, Benjamin F. Pierce. 1878.— Jan., Albert E. Standish; July, Albert H. Whiting. 1879.— Jan., George F. Walker; July, E. M.Norton. 1880.— Jan., Clarence W. Mead; July, Henry H. Waugh. 1881. — Jan., Oscar A. Marden; July, Charles S. Young. 1882. — Jan., Henry A. Standish; July, Hiram Smith. 1 883. — Jan ., Robert Burnham ; July, H. I. Wood. 1884.— Jan., Frank F. Smith, the present Noble Grand. Past Grand Samuel W. Hodges is Past Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Massachusetts, and Past Grand George W. Hay den is the present Grand Herald of the Grand Lodge of Massa chusetts. The Boot and Shoe Interest.2 — The principal in dustry of Stoughton, for the past fifty years or more, has been the manufacture of boots and shoes. The business was begun by John Linfield in 1816, who started the manufacture of shoes in the building afterwards owned and occupied by Robert Porter, and which was removed, in 1880, to make room for the erection of the town-house. A somewhat remarkable incident in connection with this fact is, that Jesse Holmes, the present postmaster of this village, worked at stitching shoes for Mr. Linfield more than sixty years ago, on the same site where he now daily dis tributes the mails. In 1821, Isaac Beals moved from the east part of the town to the centre, and commenced the manufac ture of boots. The building in which he began was afterwards occupied as a dwelling by Luther and Rob ert Swan, and was destroyed by the fire of 1880, ' By C. Farrell. STOUGHTON. 407 which consumed nearly half of the business centre of the village. Mr. Beals remained but a few years in the business, during which time there was associ ated with him Simeon Drake, who afterwards became a prominent manufacturer. The apparent success of this firm encouraged many of the young and enterprising men of that day to embark in the same enterprise, nearly all of whom became successful business men. Among the most prominent of these were Nathaniel Morton, Martin Wales, L. & W. Belcher, Beals & Holmes, Hill & Drake, George B. Monk, and James Littlefield & Co. To these men is due not only the credit of estab lishing the business as a permanent industry, and the building up of the town, but also the acquiring of that reputation for the superior quality of boots and shoes which Stoughton has for so many years justly enjoyed. Up to 1860 the largest demand for fine goods was from the South, consequently the manufacturers of Stoughton bent their energies principally towards the Southern trade. It was owing to this fact that the late civil war was peculiarly disastrous to the greater number of these manufacturers, some of them never recovering from the effects of their heavy losses. The men doing the largest amount of business at the beginning of the war were Atherton, Stetson & Co., James Hill, G. & S. Wales, S. Pettee & Son, N. Morton, Bradford Kinsley, Monk & Beynolds, L. & W. Belcher, Samuel Savels, J. W. Jones & Co., J. Swan & Co., J. & D. French, J. E. Drake, F. N. Littlefield, and E. Tucker. The amount of business done in 1860 by the above-named firms was about one million three hundred thousand dollars, and they employed very nearly twelve hundred hands, many of those employed coming from surrounding towns. Previous to 1860 no shoes of any amount had been made here, but after the loss of the Southern trade, the manufacturers, being obliged to find a new market for their goods, turned their attention more fully to this branch of the industry, in order to supply the local trade, and for some years after the war Stough ton's principal market was the New England States. In 1872 a corporation was formed, to be known as the Stoughton Boot and Shoe Company, with a capi tal stock of thirty-five thousand dollars. This cor poration for eight years did a large business in the manufacture of boots and shoes, employing about one hundred and fifty hands, and doing a business of two hundred and twenty-five thousand dollars annually during the best years of its existence. They were the first manufacturers to introduce steam into the shoe-factories of the centre of the town. There are now (December, 1883) engaged in the manufacture of boots and shoes in Stoughton the fol lowing firms, doing a business annually of about nine hundred thousand dollars, and employing about seven hundred hands: D. French & Son, J. & H. Fitzpat- rick, Henry Tucker, E. Littlefield, Upham, Brothers & Co., Farrell & Marston, Charles Tenney, J. H. May & Co., F. Capen & Co., Beynolds Brothers, Alanson Belcher, Samuel Savels, and H. Folsom & Co. The business is annually increasing, and the most of it is in the hands of young and enterprising men, who are trying to make the annual product more than it was in the palmiest days before the war. Civil History. — The following is a list of repre sentatives from Stoughton, taken from the town records by Henry C. Kimball, Esq. The omissions in certain years indicate that the town voted " not to send," either from motives of economy, — the pay of the representatives being formerly defrayed by the town, — or from the difficulty of obtaining a majority vote for any candidate, the town having in one in stance voted eighteen times unsuccessfully, on suc cessive days : Moses Gill, 1731-33, 1737. William Royall, 1734-36, 1738. William Crane, 1739. Ralph Pope, 1740-41. John Shepard, 1742-48, 1750- 51,1754. Joseph Hewins, Jr., 1749, 1753. Joseph Hewins, 1754 to com plete term, 1761-63. Richard Baily, 1755-60. Daniel Richards, 1764-65. Hezekiah Gay, 1766-74. Thomas Crane, 1775, 1777-78, 1780-81. Thomas Crane and Benjamin Gill, 1776. Elijah Dunbar, 1779, 1782, 1793. Elijah Dunbar and Frederick Pope, 1787. John Kenny, 1783. James Endicott, 17S4-86, 1790. Frederick Pope, 1788-89, 1791-92, 1794-96. Elijah Crane, 1795. Jonah Dean, 1799. Lemuel Gay, 1800-1, 1803- 9. Samuel Talbot, 1810-12, 1815- 16. Benjamin Richards, 1813-14. John Drake, 1821, 1825. Abner Drake, 1828-31. Jesse Pierce, 1S33. Jesse Pierce and Jabez Talbot, 1834. Jesse Pierce and Martin Wales, 1835-36. Martin Wales and Massena B. Ballou, 1837. Jesse Pierce and Consider Southworth, 1840. James Swan, 1841. Enos Talbot, 1S42-43. Nathan Drake, Jr., 1844. Charles A. French, 1846. Albert Johnson, 1849, 1851. Isaac Smith, 1850. Samuel W. Curtis, 1852. Charles S. Richardson, 1853. Abel T. Upham, 1855. Charles A. French, 1856. Eiisha C. Monk, 1857. Cyrus S. Mann, 1858. William H. Tucker, 1859. Elmer H. Capen, 1860. Frederick Capen, 1861. Jesse Holmes, 1862-63. Albert Dickerman, 1864. Nathan Tucker, Jr., 1865. Jonathan R. Gay, 1866. Thomas Wilson, 1867. Orlando B. Crane, 1868. Henri L. Johnson, 1869. George H. Goward, 1870. Samuel L.Crane, 1871. Henry Jones, 1872. Adam Capen, Jr., 1873. Ezra Stearns, 1874. Leonard A. Thayer, 1875. Warren P. Bird, 1876. 408 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. In 1876, Stoughton, Randolph, Sharon, and Wal pole were combined to form Representative District No. 7, of Norfolk County, and since that time Stough ton has had only the following representatives : Newell S. Atwood, 1880-81. | David H. Blanchard, 1882. The town clerks of Stoughton from its incorpora tion in 1726 to 1884 have been as follows : Joseph Tucker, 1726-28, 1733. Joseph Hewins, 1729. William Crane, 1730-32, 1734- 37, 1739. Benjamin Savell, 1738. Joseph Hewins, Jr., 1740-43. William Royall, 1744-59, 1766. Nathaniel May, 1760-65. George Crosman, 1767-87, 1789. , Joseph Smith (4), 1787-88. Elijah Crane, 1790-94. Peter Adams, 1795-96. John Atherton, Jr., 1797, 1804. Jedediah Atherton and Rich ard Talbot, 1805. Richard Talbot, 1806,1812-29. Seth Morton, 1807-11. Abner Drake, 1830-32. James Swan, 1832-33, 1838- 40. Martin Wales, 1834-37, 1841- 45. Jabez Talbot, Jr., 1845-55. Charles Upham (2), 1855-66. Luther S. Leach, 1866-68, 1872-75. Augustus A. Leach, 1869. Mark O. Wheaton, 1870-71. Henry C. Kimball, 1875, pres ent incumbent. Military History. — Stoughton furnished five hun dred and twenty-two men for the war, fifteen of whom were commissioned officers. The whole amount of money expended by the town, exclusive of State aid, was seventy-nine thousand eight hundred and seventy- two dollars and fifty-five cents. The town also ex pended thirty-nine thousand six hundred and fifty-two dollars and twelve cents, which was repaid by the State, for aid to soldiers' families. The selectmen during the war were as follows : 1861-63, Jedediah Adams, Samuel Capen (2), Clif ford Keith ; 1864, Jedediah Adams, Clifford Keith, William H. Tucker (2) ; 1865, Jedediah Adams, Clifford Keith, Samuel Capen (2). The military record of Stoughton during the war of the Rebellion, embracing a list of soldiers' names, etc., was destroyed by fire a few years since. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. THE PIERCE FAMILY. The name Pierce is variously spelled. The first American ancestor of the Stoughton branch was John Pers, a man of good estate in England, and who came from Norwich, County Norfolk, to America, and settled in Watertown, Mass., about 1637, where his son An thony had previously become a resident. The heraldic description of the coat of arms borne by this family in England is " Three Ravens rising sable. Fesse;' hummette. Motto, Dixit et Fecit. Crest, dove, with olive branch in beak." Anthony (2) was a large landholder in Water- town in 1630, and is the ancestor of nearly all the families bearing the name of Pierce in Watertown, Waltham, Weston, Lincoln, Lexington, and Concord, i His estate inventoried over three hundred pounds. '. Joseph (3) was also a resident of Watertown, where , he was admitted a freeman April 18, 1690. He had numerous children, and left an estate inventoried at three hundred and sixteen pounds, ten shillings. John (4) was also a resident of Waltham ; his oldest son, John (5), born Sept. 1, 1703, married Rebecca Fenno, daughter of John Fenno, of Stoughton. He was a weaver. He purchased twenty-seven acres of land in Stoughton for seventy-five pounds, whither he removed about 1731. This land is within the present limits of Canton, and it passed to his son Seth, then to his grandson, Jesse, great-grandson, Col. Jesse, great-great-grandsons, Hon. Edward L. and Hon. Henry L. Seth (6) was always a resident of Stough ton ; married Angelette Clark. Their second child, Jesse (7), married Catherine Smith, had twelve chil dren, resided on the old homestead in Stoughton, and died March 5, 1832. Col. Jesse Pierce (8), — Jesse (7), Seth (6), John (5), John (4), Joseph (3), Anthony (2), John (In born Nov. 7, 1788; married, Sept. 9, 1824, Elizabeth S. Lillie, born July 30, 1786, died Nov. 1, 1871. He died Feb. 3, 1856. Col. Jesse Pierce was born in Stoughton, Nov. 7, 1788. His birthplace was in that part of the town which a few years later was incorporated as Canton, his father's home being then in what is now South Canton. From the age of seven to twenty-one he lived with his maternal uncle, Lemuel Smith, a Rev olutionary soldier, upon a farm on the Bay road, in the western part of Stoughton. In youth he showed an earnest purpose to gain knowledge, and having learned all that could be taught him in the public school of his district, he took in 1807, while yet a minor, the charge of a school, and from that year to 1814 served as the teacher of public schools in Stoughton and South Dedham (now Norwood), teaching during the winter and working on his uncle's farm at other sea sons. For the purpose of learning better modes of in struction, he attended for a short time Taunton Academy, then under the charge of Simeon Doggett. From 1814 to 1819 he taught public schools in Mil ton, — one at Brush Hill, and another at Milton Hill. He was the first to establish a Sunday-school in Dorchester, which he opened in the winter of 1817- *j ' byAB.m,tetae /rf- C>?^> Cs STOUGHTON. 409 18, at Mattapan,in the school-house (where his brother John was then the teacher) situated near the home of Edmund Tileston. The school was intended par ticularly for the children of persons working in the factory of Smith Boies. One of the pupils was Newell A. Thompson, afterwards prominent in the business and municipal affairs of Boston. Col. Pierce continued his connection with Sunday-schools after his removal to Stoughton, both in that town and at the Methodist Church at North Easton, where he worshiped for many years. In 1819 he opened a private school at Milton Hill, which he kept for five years. Some who attended it have become well-known citizens, among whom were Robert B. and John M. Forbes and Fletcher Web ster. At this period he took an active part in the militia, serving in the Second Regiment, Second Bri gade and First Division, and was commissioned as an ensign in 1810, captain and major in 1813, lieuten ant-colonel in 1815, and colonel in 1816. This last commission he resigned in 1818. Traditions of his fidelity and success in the instruction and drill of the officers and men under his command are still pre served. Marrying, in 1824, Eliza S., daughter of Capt. John Lillie, who was the aid of Maj. -Gen. Knox in the Revolutionary war, he returned to Stoughton and'became the owner of his uncle's farm, on which he had been brought up.1 He opened at once at his house a private boarding-school for boys, chiefly of Boston families, and receiving also day scholars from the neighborhood. As a teacher he made a lasting impression on his pupils for his earn estness, thoroughness, and fidelity, and particularly his patience in teaching those who had less than the average gift for acquiring knowledge. He had a gen uine sympathy with the young, which he kept fresh through life. In 1829 he gave up the occupation of teacher, which he had followed for twenty years, and from that time was occupied with the care of his farm and miscellaneous work, such as conveyancing, the settlement of estates, the administration of town offices, and the education of his two sons, which he personally directed for some years. His advice was often sought in a community where his good sense and practical knowledge were highly valued. He represented his town in the Legislature for six years, viz., 1832-36 and 1840, serving also the last-named year on the State valuation committee. He was a Democratic candidate for Presidential elector in 1840 and for State senator in 1844, and also a Free-Soil 1 See Drake's " Memorials of the Mass. Society of the Cincin nati," and "Bradford's New England Biography," for sketches of Capt. Lillie. candidate for the latter office in 1848. Governor Morton offered him (in 1843) the appointment of sheriff for Norfolk County, which he declined. In the Legislature he engaged in debates upon important questions, and his remarks were in some instances re ported at length in the public journals. He spoke in favor of restricting the sale of spirituous liquors, and upon the appointment of representatives, favoring a reduction in the number, and a town rather than a district system. His most elaborate speech was made Feb. 26, 1840, upon the militia system, which, as then existing, he thought injurious to public morals and of no public advantage. He urged a reduction of the force, a better discipline, and the discontinuance of encampments.2 He was, as legislator and citizen, a strenuous supporter of the causes of education and temperance. Hon. Bobert C. Winthrop, who was Speaker in 1840, wrote in 1876 : " Col. Jesse Pierce, of Stoughton, comes back vividly to my remembrance as one of the five or six hundred over whom I was privileged to preside nearly forty years ago. He was a most intelligent and estimable person, whom I was glad to count among my friends. At the period of 1835-40 he became much interested in the anti- slavery cause. He voted for James G. Birney in 1844, although sustaining at that election the State nominations of the Democratic party, and joined four years later the Free-Soil party, then first organized. He was in sympathy with the anti-slavery secession from the Methodist Church which took place in 1840. He was an active member of that church for many years, joining it while a teacher in Milton, but during the later years of his life he attended the services of an orthodox Congregational Church. He was a de vout person, and his reading was largely in religious books, as Clarke's and Scott's Commentaries. He was often sought to perform the services which peculiarly belong to clergymen at funerals and weddings, and in the chambers of the sick. He took a deep interest in the religious instruction of the young, and while a teacher gathered children for this purpose in his school-house on Sunday." Col. Pierce was a person of average height, five feet and eight or nine inches. He had no self-asser tion, but while gentle in manner was firm in purpose, particularly where a question involved any moral element. In conversation, while very genial, he weighed well his words, and was in a marked degree considerate of the feelings and reputations of others. His tenderness to neighbors who were in grief, his '¦ See Norfolk Democrat, March 28, 1S40. 410 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. kindness to the young, to domestics of his household, and laborers on his farm, and to all less fortunate in life than himself, are still freshly remembered. He was widely known, and bore through life with all who knew him the character of a thoroughly upright and just man. Removing in 1849 from Stoughton to the Lower Mills Village, or Dorchester (now Boston), he passed the rest of his life among those who had known him in his youth as a teacher, occupying the house which is now the residence of his eldest son. The news paper of his county noting his death, which took place Feb. 3, 1856, wrote of him, " He was for many years a distinguished teacher, and numbers among his pupils many men who now occupy promi nent positions in public life. He was a man of strict integrity, high-minded and honorable, and universally beloved and respected in all the various relations of life." Children, — Hon. Henry Lillie, born Aug. 23, 1825 ; George S., born June 20, 1827, died Sept. 28, 1827 ; Hon. Edward Lillie, born May 29, 1829, married Elizabeth H. KiDgsbury. Hon. Henry Lillie Pierce (8) was born in Stoughton, Mass., on Aug. 23, 1825. He received a good English education at the public schools of that town, and at the State Normal School in Bridgewater. Ill health made it necessary for him to leave school much sooner than his inclination would have prompted ; but the condition of health which obliged him to cut short his studies, and to abstain for some years from all manual labor, developed in him a taste for reading, and gave to his mind a thoughtful cast which has had a most important influence upon his later life. In 1849 the family removed to a house in Dorchester, near Milton Lower Mills, and there the subject of this sketch has ever since resided. In 1850 he en tered the chocolate manufactory of Walter Baker & Co., which was established on the Neponset Biver, near his home. After serving in a subordinate po sition for a number of years and seeing no prospect of advancement, he determined to try his fortunes in the new country at the West. He spent some months in traveling through that region, and although he failed to obtain that for which he sought, namely, a more remunerative employment, he returned with greatly improved health, and with enlarged ideas as to the extent and resources of his country. He again entered Mr. Baker's establishment, on an improved footing, and on the death of the owner, in 1854, he took charge of the business, and from that time to this has been the sole manager. At an early a<*e he took a lively interest in public affairs, and while still a school-boy he contributed articles for some of the country papers. His father being a Democrat, and of the Jefferson and Jackson school, he imbibed the same political ideas and continued to hold them until the nomination of Martin Van Buren, in 1848, gave to the Free-Soil party a national candidate and a na tional platform. He joined with enthusiasm in the new movement for equal rights ; and through good report and evil report he stood by the anti-slavery party — aiding it by his voice, his pen, aud his money — until the purpose for which it had been organized was triumphantly established. In 1859, when the general statutes of the State were revised, the action of the General Court in strik ing out the word " white" wherever it occurred in the laws authorizing the organization of the militia was defeated by the exercise of the veto power by the Governor. Mr. Pierce was elected a member of the House the following year (1860), and was instru mental in getting the two branches of the Legislature to pass another bill striking the word from the militia laws. But the act was again defeated by the Gov ernor's veto ; and it was not until the year 1864 that success attended the efforts of those who wished to have this obnoxious discrimination on account of race removed from the statute-book. Being elected to the session for the following year, Mr. Pierce inaugurated the movement, in which he was sustained by a ma jority of the House, for instructing our senators, and recommending our representatives in Congress, to favor such a change in the national laws as would authorize the enlistment of colored men into the United States army. Re-elected again in 1862, Mr. Pierce was appointed chairman of the committee on finance, and in that capacity reported and carried through the House two measures of great importance, namely, the act providing for the payment of the State bonds in gold (this was after the legal tender act had been passed by Congress), and the act taxing savings-banks and insurance companies. At the end of his third term Mr. Pierce withdrew from the House, but was chosen again in 1866. He does not appear as the special champion of any important meas ure during that session. In 1867 he visited Europe, passing several months in traveling through France, Italy, aud Germany. On the annexation of Dorchester to the city of Bos ton, in 1869, he was elected to represent that section of the city in the Board of Aldermen. After serv ing two years (1870-71) he declined a reelection, and in the following year visited Europe again, partly for business and partly for purposes of recreation. In the latter part of that year he was nominated as a non partisan candidate for the office of mayor. The lack of STOUGHTON. 411 efficiency which had been exhibited by the executive departments of the government during the great fire of the 9th of November, and the neglect to take any effective measures for the suppression of the small pox, which was then spreading through the city with alarming rapidity, caused great dissatisfaction, espe cially among business men. On the other hand, the personal honesty and good intentions of the mayor then in office, his high standing in the Democratic party, and his earnest desire to secure an indorsement, gave him a large if not an enthusiastic support, and the contest, although conducted with great courtesy on both sides, was unusually close and exciting. It resulted in the election of Mr. Pierce by a very small majority. His address at the organization of the new government was calculated to inspire confidence in his abilities as an executive officer. To improve the effi ciency of the government radical changes were needed in some of the departments, and such changes he not only recommended, but proceeded resolutely to carry out. He reorganized the health department by ap pointing a new Board of Health, and took measures for the suppression of the smallpox, which were im mediately attended with the most gratifying results. He also succeeded, against strong opposition, in se curing the reorganization of the fire department by removing it from the personal and partisan influences to which it had long been subjected, and placing it upon a business basis. In October of that year he received the Bepublican nomination for representa tive in Congress from the Third Massachusetts Dis trict, to fill the vacancy in the Forty-third Congress occasioned by the death of Hon. William Whiting. The success of his municipal administration is shown in the fact that the Democrats failed to nominate any candidate to oppose him, and his election was substan tially unanimous. In order to take his seat at the beginning of the session, in December, he retired from the mayor's office a month before the expiration of his term. Having been for many years on terms of personal friendship with Charles Sumner, and having a large acquaintance with the public men of the day, he was from the start in a position to exert a powerful influence upon the councils of the govern ment. Imbued with the same spirit which led Sum ner and Andrew and Wilson to favor a conciliatory policy towards the South in the legislation which fol lowed the war, he threw his influence against the harsh and unconstitutional measures by which a por tion of the leaders of the party to which he belonged sought to perpetuate their political ascendency over the States lately in rebellion. He was thus placed in the unpleasant position of being obliged to oppose many of the measures which were openly or secretly favored by President Grant's administration. But it is evident that his course was in accordance with the sentiments of the people of Massachusetts, from the fact that in the elections to the Forty-fourth Con gress, which occurred in the autumn of 1874, be was re-elected by a handsome majority, while in six out of the ten other districts in the State the regular Bepublican candidates were defeated for the first time since the beginning of the war. Near the close of the second session of the Forty-third Congress (Feb ruary, 1875) the "force bill," so called, giving the President extraordinary powers to interfere in the internal affairs of the States, and in his discretion to suspend the privileges of the writ of habeas corpus, was introduced into the House, aud an attempt made by the administration leaders to force it through with out giving sufficient opportunity for discussion. The Bepublicans had control of the House by a large ma jority, and as a political measure intended, as many of them avowed, to give their party an advantage in the Presidential election to occur in the following year, they were substantially unanimous in its sup port. On the 27th of February, Mr. Pierce made a short speech in opposition to the bill, which was highly commended by all the leading newspapers through out the country. The conclusion is worthy of being transcribed here. " In opposing this bill," he said, " I am in strict accordance with all my past political action. Local self-government and the equality of all men before the law are the cardinal principles of my political faith. By these principles I stand or fall. I resisted the fugitive slave bill because it trampled upon the principles of civil liberty and the rights of human nature. The bill now under consid eration is permeated with the spirit which gave life and vigor to that odious measure. Of the supporters of the fugitive slave bill the most conspicuous were Jefferson Davis and John C. Breckinridge. ' The whirligig of time' presents to us to-day a most re markable spectacle. Some of the most blatant and pretentious supporters of Jefferson Davis and John C. Breckinridge in conventions and before the people are here to-day the especial champions of this bill. I shall be the last man in the world to question their consistency or dispute their motives. Mr. Speaker, I know Massachusetts, and I have spoken her senti ments here to-day. She has always interposed a firm resistance to the approach of arbitrary power. She re sisted unto blood the stamp act, writs of assistance, and all the force bills which were enacted by Parliament to compel her submission to the British crown. She 412 HISTOBY OF NOBFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. will be true to her traditions and to her history, and will resist by all constitutional means every attempt, by whomsoever made, to impose similar measures upon any portion of the people of our common country." At the close of the Forty-third Congress (March, 1875), Mr. Pierce visited Europe for the third time, spending some six months in traveling with friends through England, Scotland, and on the continent. During the session of the Forty-fourth Congress Mr. Pierce was at the head of the Republican mem bers of the Committee on Commerce. He made an elaborate report on the subject of relieving vessels engaged in the coasting trade from the unjust and discriminating legislation of some of the States with regard to pilotage fees, and he made speeches on the proposition to amend the Constitution so as to limit the term of office of the President, on reciprocity with Canada, and on counting the electoral vote of Louisi ana. On the last question Mr. Pierce and President Seelye (then representative from the Tenth Massa chusetts District) stood alone among the Republicans in opposing the counting of the electoral vote of Louisiana for either candidate, on the ground of fraud in making up the returns. The London Times published Mr. Pierce's speech at length, and referred to it as a " very able" one. Some time previous to the elections for the Forty- fifth Congress, Mr. Pierce announced to the electors of the Third District, through the public press, his de termination to retire from public life at the expira tion of the term for which he then held office. This decision was made after due deliberation, and with the firm determination of adhering to it. It was with extreme reluctance, therefore, that he consented, in the autumn of 1877, to allow his name to be used as a citizens' candidate for the office of mayor of Boston. The call for his services was signed by some two thousand five hundred tax-paying citizens, represent ing all classes and all parties. The charges made against the administration then in power was its par tisanship in the interest of the Democratic party and its inefficiency. The contest which followed was the most remarkable in the annals of the city. The number of votes cast largely exceeded those at any previous election, municipal, State, or national, and resulted in the election of Mr. Pierce by about two thousand three hundred majority. In his inaugural address, Mr. Pierce dwelt at some length upon the powers and purposes of municipal corporations, taking the ground that " they are created and exist for the public advantage and not for the benefit of their offi cers or of particular individuals or classes." He also considered some of the schemes which had been de vised for improving our local governments, and denied the propriety or expediency of attempting to raise the standard of municipal government by a limitation of the suffrage, or by giving up to the State powers which from time immemorial have been exercised by the cities and towns. His clear and business-like exposition of the true theory upon which local gov ernments are founded and maintained in this country was referred to in high commendation by the leading newspapers of the day. The most important act of his second administra tion was the reorganization of the police department, which had become ill-disciplined and inefficient under the old system of appointment and management by the mayor and aldermen. Through his efforts an act was passed by the General Court, authorizing the ap pointment of commissioners, for a term of years, to take charge of the department, and also to execute the laws concerning the sale of intoxicating liquors. During the year a reduction of nearly nine hundred thousand dollars was made in the tax levy, and a more rigid system of accountability was established in the several departments of the city government. At the conclusion of his term, Mr. Pierce declined a re-election, and has since given his attention mainly to the management of his large manufacturing busi ness. During his absence in Europe, in the summer of 1883, there was a very general demand from those opposed to Butlerism for the use of his name as can didate for Governor, and a large majority of the dele gates elected to the Bepublican convention were un doubtedly in favor of his nomination. But, adhering to a determination formed some time before, he de clined the use of his name, and strongly urged the nomination of Mr. Bobinson as the candidate upon whom the opponents of the then administration could best unite, — with what result is too well known to need comment here. HON. NATHANIEL WALES. Among the families that for generations have given the impress of strong, steady character to this section must be mentioned the Wales family. Nathaniel (1), the immigrant, came from England with Bev. Richard Mather, in the ship " James," from Bristol, in 1635, and settled in Dorchester, where he was made a freeman Nov. 2, 1637. His wife, Isabel, daughter of Humph rey Atherton and Mary Wales,1 outlived him but two weeks. He had children, — Timothy, John, and 1 See Atherton family. : r-~Z «HS>i W ' -:'-by.A.S.W-£chie-- 'aZKT^ "n/(Uu STOUGHTON. 413 Nathaniel (2), — and died at Boston Dec. 4, 1661, having removed thither in 1654. Nathaniel (2), born in England, was a ship-carpenter, settled in Boston, where he died May 20, 1662, leaving Nathaniel (3), Samuel, Mary, and Jonathan. Nathaniel (3), born 1659, settled in Braintree with his wife, Joanna, about 1675, and had fifteen children, of whom Thomas was one. Mr. Wales was a deacon in the church at Braintree, and ordained ruling elder Feb. 27, 1700. He died March 23, 1718. His wife died May 11, 1704. Thomas Wales (4th gen.), born April 19, 1695, was a deacon in the church, a man of good re pute, married Mary Belcher, Jan. 13, 1719, and lived in the South Precinct of Braintree (now Bandolph), where he died in 1775. They had twelve children, Nathaniel being seventh. Mrs. Wales died Jan. 30, 1741. Mr. Wales married, second, Sarah (widow of Samuel) Belcher, Dec. 7, 1742. By her he had three children. Nathaniel Wales (5th gen.), born Oct. 26, 1729, married Sarah , settled in Stoughton, and, like his father, was a deacon in the church. He was a farmer, and had eleven children. He lived a quiet and useful life, and died, esteemed, at a good old age. His son, Joshua (6th gen.), was born Feb. 21, 1752, in Stoughton, where he always resided. He was a marketman and farmer, was three times married, was an active, energetic man, marked for his sound sense and sterling honesty, and closed a long life in the full ness of years, leaving a large family of children. By his first wife (a Porter) he had five children, the old est being Nathaniel (7th gen.). This Nathaniel, born Sept. 11, 1788, in Stoughton, married, Jan. 1, 1815, Phebe, daughter of Capt. Wil liam French and Mary Perkins, his wife. (Capt. French was a descendant in direct line from John French, the emigrant, who came from England to Dorchester, where he was admitted freeman in 1639. He was a well-to-do farmer of East Stoughton, and died about 1820, leaving one son, Alpha, and several daughters.) She was born Jan. 30, 1789. Mr. Wales was a manufacturer of shoes and lasts, and, in connection with that business, kept a grocery. Active in militia service, immediately after the war of 1812 he served in the various grades to captain with accept ability and credit, and resigned his commission as captain April 28, 1820. He was one of the first in this section to adopt the religious doctrines of Eman uel Swedenborg and enter the " New Church." He moved from Stoughton to North Bridgewater in 1817, where he died of consumption Feb. 8, 1826. He left two children who attained maturity, — Harriet G. and Nathaniel (8th gen.), — and a business fairly success ful. His wife was a woman of great strength of character, quiet dignity, and practical judgment, and added to the property left by her husband, and brought up her young children (Nathaniel being but six years old at his father's death) with great credit to herself. She died Dec. 25, 1855. From the ele gant " Souvenir" of " The Government of the Com monwealth of Massachusetts," published in 1880, we extract this graphic sketch of Nathaniel (8th gen.) : " Hon. Nathaniel Wales, of Stoughton1, represents the First Norfolk Senatorial District. He was born in North Bridgewater (now Brockton) Nov. 25, 1819, and received his education at the public academic and normal schools of that town and Bridgewater. When quite a young man he engaged successfully in teach ing in his native town and in other towns in that vicin ity. He afterwards taught as principal in the high school in Pawtucket, B. I. As a young man he showed great enterprise and energy. Being the only son of a widow, he was in early life solely dependent on his own efforts for advancement. In 1843 he en gaged in trade in Stoughton, resigning his position in Pawtucket for this purpose, and continued in mercan tile business, with others or by himself, for a period of twenty-eight years. During this time he was post master at Stoughton from 1860 to 1867, when he re signed, being then appointed United States Assessor of Second District of Internal Bevenue, the duties of which office he discharged acceptably till its discon tinuance. He also held commissions of more or less importance under Governors Banks, Andrew, Wash burn, and Bullock. He was appointed commissioner to superintend the drafting of militia for Norfolk County by Governor Andrew in 1862, and afterwards was appointed by President Lincoln United States commissioner of the Board of Enrollment for the Second District of Massachusetts from 1863 to 1865. Since 1872 he has been associated with the Stough ton Boot and Shoe Company as treasurer, and has held several other positions of public and private trust." He was a member of the Massachusetts Senate of 1879, and served on the Committees on Towns, Labor, and Prisons ; also in 1880, when he was chairman of the Committee on Roads and Bridges, and also a member of Committee on Military Affairs and State-House. Always interested and active in politics, he has been a member of the Bepublican party from its commencement, and it is not too much to say that during the entire period the party has had, in his section of the State, no more zealous and efficient supporter than he. The natural bias of his mind has always kept him familiar with the legal questions and 414 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. decisions of the day, and developed in him habits of thought and judgment that would not disgrace the legal profession, and [caused his opinion and advice to be much sought after in those controversies and knotty questions usually referred to members of the bar. His religious views are those of the " New Church." In 1881, Mr. Wales was elected member of the Executive Council from the Second District of Mas sachusetts, which position he now holds. He has been twice married, first to J. Montgomery, daughter of Newton and Jane (Montgomery) Shaw, of North Bridgewater, June 4, 1848. They had one son, Na thaniel S. Wales, now a resident of Des Moines, Iowa. Mrs. Wales died May 3, 1849. Mr. Wales married, second, in 1851, Susan Kingsbury Reed, daughter of Timothy and Susan P. (Kingsbury) Reed, of Barn stable. (He was a lawyer, and for a long time regis ter of deeds and clerk of the court for Barnstable County. He held both offices at the time of his death. This Beed family is not only an old New Eng land family, but can be traced back to Saxon England over a century before the Norman conquest. Every generation in England has held responsible and prom inent official positions.) The children of this truly fortunate union were Susan R. (born in 1853, married W. 0. Faxon, M.D., resides in Stoughton, and has one child, Nathaniel Wales) and Timothy Reed (born 1856). He was an active and promising youth, but met an untimely death by drowning while striving to rescue some com panions who were capsized with him in a sailboat at Martha's Vineyard, in 1870. Mrs. Wales died Jan. 31, 1882. She was an in tellectual and highly educated woman, of rare accom plishments and culture. An indefatigable and accu rate genealogist, she expended months in tracing the Reed, Wales, and other families in which she was interested, and her work is a marvel of neatness, system, and convenience. She gave freely of her time and means to relieve suffering, was beloved by all, and left to her family the recollections of a model wife and mother. Mr. Wales is a genial companion, a kind neighbor, and a strong friend. Casting his lot with those who advocate the higher education and progress of human ity, he has never swerved from action in accordance with his belief. A good citizen, he is justly popular, ranks among the representative men of this section of Massachusetts, and enjoys a handsome property, the result of his financial ability and business acumen. MARTIN WALES. Among the men of strong character, who stood high in the esteem of the people of Stoughton, and was by virtue of his originality and the wishes of the people a truly representative man in many ways, must not fail to mention Martin Wales, son of Joshua Wales. He was born in East Stoughton, Feb. 22, 1802, and died March 6, 1874, aged seventy-two years. His childhood was passed on his father's farm. He had the opportunities for education given by the public schools of that period, and at an early age began to show the independence and industry so marked in his whole life by learning to make shoes. After a time he was hired by his father to butcher animals for the Boston market, receiving for his labor one dollar per day. He was about eighteen, and after two years' service here, he engaged with Oliver Bel cher, of Stoughton, as butchers of beef cattle. From this time (1822)- he was connected with Stoughton, After a few months passed in working for others, he engaged in the same business for himself. Continu ing this a few years, he found much of his capital absorbed in debts due him, and he began to manufac ture shoes in the upper part of Holbrook's (now Swan's) store. This was in a small way, and intended only to help him out in collecting his meat bills, but the business proving profitable, and there being a good demand for his goods, he entered into co-partnership with Ira Linfield, and added bootmaking to that of shoes. This partnership did not last long, each con tinuing to manufacture. Mr. Wales' business in creased, and became very large for those days, reach ing to the Southern and Middle and Western States. > For many years he continued manufacturing alone, and, in company with others, accumulated wealth. In connection therewith he conducted a mercantile busi ness from about 1840 to 1852, when he disposed of his stock to his nephew, Nathaniel Wales, whose biography is on another page. In financial matters Mr. Wales was shrewd, cautious, and conservative, and was a valuable counselor, whose advice was often sought. He was president of the Stoughton Boot and Shoe Company during its existence, and director and president of the North Bridgewater Bank from its organization until it ceased to do business. One of the strong characteristics of Mr. Wales was his marked love of justice. A prominent business man of Stoughton, who knew him well, says, " When he promised to do anything he would do it. His word was as good as his bond." He never sued a man during his long business life, and never wanted any trouble with any one. He was a strong Anti-Mason in the days when Masonry was a political issue, and mmM &ns "ly.lWJ.-ttfChte lO ¦ yQ A J££ntc7l C c STOUGHTON. 415 as the leader of that principle, was elected twice representative from Stoughton in the General Court, and to all the prominent public offices of the town. At one time he held nearly every office of importance in the town. He was chairman of selectmen many years, town clerk many years, treasurer several years, to say nothing of minor trusts. With all this, he was a modest, unpretentious man, caring nothing for offi cial honors and only accepting them as the representa tive of a principle. He was a kind and accommo dating neighbor, a good citizen, a loving husband and father, and had a large circle of acquaintances in sur rounding towns and in Boston, who enjoyed his quaint and original conversation. He married Bebekah Parker, daughter of Eiisha and Jerusha (Wentworth) Parker, who was born Sept. 18,1807. Their chil dren were Mary R. (Mrs. Caleb H. Packard), Martin (deceased), Lucy M. (Mrs. Fisher Copeland), George, Seth, and Adelaide F., a young lady of great amia bility, who married William Neale, and died Dec. 31, 1882. Her death was deeply felt by the entire community. Mr. Wales was an earnest and liberal , Christian. He was in full harmony with the doctrines of the " New Church," and a large contributor to its enterprises. He gave two thousand dollars towards the erection of the church of that society in Brock ton, where he held a membership, and left a legacy in its behalf of five thousand dollars. He was always ready to do his part in all matters of public interest, and was sincerely mourned by a large circle of friends. Mrs. Wales was a worthy companion for Mr. Wales, and in advanced years, holds much of the vivacity of early life, enjoys the esteem of the best portion of the community, is endeavoring to carry out the wishes of her husband in all things, and is passing on to the twilight of life with a sincere trust in rejoining her companion of so many years on the " other side." JAMES ATHERTON. One of the wealthiest portions of Lancashire is confined in the area bounded thus: Beginning at Liverpool, the southwest boundary of Lancashire, and following the coast line of the Irish Sea twenty miles north, we reach the river Bibble ; from there going eastward fifteen miles, thence south to Manchester and down the river to Liverpool. This section is rich in coal-mines, quarries of useful stones, iron-works, and is the wealthiest cotton-manufacturing district in the world. Through the centre of this territory the Athertons for nearly one thousand years have had immense possessions, which were increased by marrying heiresses, until it became one of the richest families of the great commoners of England. In their manorial estate the town of Atherton lies ten miles northwest of Manchester ; here the family origi nated, and Robert de Atherton (1) lived (1199-1216) as the shreve (high sheriff) of the county under King John, and held the manor of Atherton of the barons of Warrington. William de Atherton, his son, held the manors of Atherton and Pennington (1251). (By intermarriage with the Derby family the title is now vested in that line.) William Atherton (3), of Atherton (1312), had wife Agnes (1339), whose son Henry Atherton (4), of Atherton (1316-30), married Agnes (1387), and had for second son Sir William Atherton (5), of Atherton (1351), knight. He mar ried, first, Jane, daughter of William and sister of Sir Balphe, Woberly, knight ; married, second, Margerie, a widow (1396). In the private chapel of the Ather tons, in the parish church of Leigh, is a family vault, and the arms of the family hang there. As entered in the Visitation of Sir William Dugdale Norrey, King of Arms (1664-65), they are : Gules, three spar- rowhawks, argent crest ; a swan, argent, another crest ; on a perch a hawk billed, proper. By first wife, William (5) had Sir William Atherton (6), knight ; born 1381 ; died 1416 ; his wife was Agnes, sole daughter and heiress of Ralphe Vernon, Baron of Shipbroke. Their third child, Sir William Atherton (7), knight, married, first, Elizabeth, daughter of Sir John Pilkinton, knight; by her had Margaret and Sir William Atherton (8), who married Margaret, daughter of Sir John Byron, knight, and died in 1441. Among their children was John Atherton (9), whose son George (10), born 1487, by first wife, Anne Ashton, had Sir John Atherton (11), knight, born 1514 ; died 1513 ; married, first, Elizabeth, daugh ter of Sir Alexander Ratcliffe, knight. This marriage was recorded in the Visitation of 1533, where the arms were also entered ; he married, second, Marga ret, daughter of Thomas C'aterall. He was high sheriff under three sovereigns, in 1551, 1555, and 1561, and commander of the Military Hundred in 1553. Among his children was John (12), Esq., born 1556; high sheriff 1583, who was twice mar ried; first, to Elizabeth, daughter of Sir John Byron, knight; second, to Katherine, daughter and co-heiress of John, Lord Conyeis, of Hornby Castle. By each wife he had a son John ; the first John Atherton (13), of Atherton, who had John (14), died in 1646 ; mar ried Eleanor, daughter of Sir Thomas Ireland, of Beansey, knight. They had numerous children ; one John (15), high sheriff, died in 1655 ; the second, 416 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. John Atherton, of Skelton, was heir to his mother's large estate and title. We have thus far followed the line of heirship, the scions, all worthy representatives of the name, being found in different parts of the country. As the American branch deflected at this period, we have no need of further tracing the English family. In 1613, Edmund Atherton did in Wigan, Lanca shire, his son and next heir, Humphrey, being at this time four years old, thus giving his birth in 1608. This Humphrey is referred to by Mr. Brown in an article on "the Atherton family in England," "New England Historical and Genealogical Begister," Jan uary, 1881, as perhaps being the identical Humphrey Atherton, major-general of Dorchester, progenitor of the American line. That they are different persons is clearly shown by the fact that Gen. Atherton was killed in 1661, when only thirty-six years old. The other Humphrey would have been fifty-three years old at this time. Humphrey Atherton, born in Lancashire, perhaps son of above, married Mary Wales, probably daughter of John Wales, of Idle, England, and, with three children, Jonathan, Isabel (married Nathaniel Wales, Jr.), and Elizabeth came in the ship " James" from Bristol to America in 1635. Rev. Richard Mather, in his journal of the voyage, names but few of the one hundred passengers, among them Nathan iel Wales, whose will was witnessed by Humphrey Atherton, who was styled in it " loving brother-in- law." They settled in Dorchester. Humphrey was married when an infant. His first child was born when he was fourteen years old, and his wife thirteen. They had twelve children, those mentioned above and the following nine born in Dorchester : Consider Mary, Margaret, Rest, Increase, Thankful, Hope, Watching, and Patience. Appleton's " American En cyclopaedia" says this of him, " Atherton, Humphrey, a military officer whose name is mentioned with much honor in the early annals of Massachusetts. He came from England about 1636, when he signed the covenant of the church of Dorchester. He was ad mitted as a freeman in 1638, and was deputy in the General Court from Dorchester for that year, and also in 1639-41, and in 1853, from Springfield, when he was chosen Speaker. The next year he was chosen assistant and soon after Major-General. He was much employed in negotiations with the Indians, and made use of his influence with them in a great purchase in the colony of Rhode Island. He died by a fall from his house, at Boston, Sept. 17, 1661. The manner of his death is made matter of comment by Hubbard as one of the judgments of God." His wife died in 1672. In the old Dorchester cemetery is this epitaph : " Here lies our Captain & Major of Suffolk was withall ¦ A godly magistrate was he, and Major General ; Two troop horse with him here comes, such worth his love did crave. Ten companies of foot also mourning march to his grave Let all that read be sure to keep the faith as he has done With Christ he lives now around his name was Humphrey Atherton." Consider (2 American gen.), son of Humphrey, mar ried Anne Annably,Dec. 14, 1671. His son Humphrey (3), had a son John (4), who became " deacon," and whose son John (5), married Mary, daughter of Rev, Jedediah Adams, the first settled pastor of Stough ton, where he ministered with great acceptability for many years (see " History of First Parish," on another page). They had nine children, John, Jedediah, Humphrey, Mary, Rachel, Elijah, Samuel, Mary, and Nathan. Samuel (6), born Sept. 19, 1784, was a man much esteemed, possessing good sterling qualities. He was a farmer, owning about eighty acres of the homestead of his father near Stoughton Centre, on which he was born and lived his long life of over ninety-two years. He married Feb. 28, 1811, Abi gail, daughter of Ralph and Abigail (Soran) Pope, of Stoughton. She came of an old New England family of repute, the first American ancestor, John Pope, coming about 1633 from the neighborhood of London, England, and settling in 1640 in " Dorchester New Grant," now Stoughton, the line being John (1), John (2), Ralph (3), Ralph (4) (a physician of great kindness and benevolence), Col. Frederick (5) (he was a justice, colonel, serving in 1756 with his regi ment on the Canada frontier in the French and In dian war ; was State representative from Stoughton. In the Revolution, when the summons came to take the field he was plowing. Taking the harness from his horse he at once made ready, and with his two eldest sons, Ralph and Samuel Ward, joined the army. He served in several campaigns, his sons acting as his aids. His third son, Alexander, then but sixteen, fulfilled faithfully the task of carrying on the farm and supporting the family), Ralph (6) (he was born in Stoughton, 1759, and died 1797. He served through the Revolution ; married Abigail, daughter of Maj. Robert and Rachel (Draper) Swan, born 1761, died 1852, aged ninety-one. Their daughter, Abigail (7), who married Samuel Atherton, was born in Stoughton, Mass., Dec. 5, 1785, dying March 19, 1868, aged eighty-two years, three and a half months). Samuel Atherton was of energetic temperament, cheer ful disposition, eminently social, enjoying humor, and always ready with some bright remark, pointed with fun. He was honest, straightforward, prudent, sav ing, and perfectly just in all the relations of life. He -&>?? iij A zlhvni' £2^^ ^&&^^z STOUGHTON. 417 had musical tastes, was a great singer, and when pre vented sometimes from talking by an impediment (stam mering) which afflicted him, he would sing clearly the words he wished to speak. He and his brother Nathan were among the originators of tho " Stoughton Musical Society." He was selectman in his younger days, and held other positions of trust. Although a great sufferer from rheumatism in his later years, he continued cheerful even to the time of his death. He was very fond of his brother, Nathan, four years his junior ; they lived all their lives a few rods apart ; both attained great age, and died within three months of each other; Nathan's death occurring Nov. 13, 1876, at eighty-eight. A short time previous to his death, Nathan walked to and from church for morn ing service, a distance of two and a quarter miles. Samuel was a successful farmer, and at one time the largest land-holder in town. He voted at every election from 1805 till 1876, when his last vote was cast for the Hayes electoral ticket. The children of Samuel and Abigail Atherton were six,2 — Mary (Mrs. William Belcher), Vashti (Mrs. James Swan), Sam uel, Abigail (Mrs. Joseph Swan), James, and Wil liam. James Atherton (7) — (Humphrey (1), Con sider (2), Humphrey (3), John (4), John (5), Sam uel (6) — was born on the homestead mentioned above May 6, 1819. He had common-school and academic education ; remained with his father on the farm until he was of age, teaching, however, several terms of winter schools. He married, first, May 5, 1853, Phebe, daughter of John and Phebe Reed, born in Boston, Feb. 9, 1831, died March 11, 1868. Her father was a civil officer of Bos ton for many years, and was strong, fearless, and uncompromising in the discharge of duty. His an cestors trace their origin through early New England to one of England's most honored families, dating from a period anteceding the Norman conquest by over a century, and which has, in each successive generation, held places high in the counsels of royalty. After marriage, Mr. Atherton continued on the old place, and there began the manufacture of boots with his brother William, under the firm-title of J. & W. Atherton. This firm continued in business some years, and was prosperous. It was finally merged with the firm of Atherton, Stetson & Co., a solid Boston house, the Athertons being Samuel, James, and William. James' health not being robust, after his business energies had been rewarded with a suffi cient competency, he retired from active labor. This was in 1867, his connection with Atherton, Stetson & Co. ceasing in 1861. About 1838 he removed to the house now occupied by his sons. His children, 27 all by his first wife, are James (8), born July 26, 1854; William (8), April 30, 1859; and Walter (8), March 18, 1863. Mr. Atherton married, second, Mary B. Marshall, of Boston, June 1, 1869. She died Feb. 5, 1880. Always in delicate health, Mr. Atherton was a man of energy, and accomplished much. In early life he was fond of discussions, and took an active part in debating societies. He was a quick and ready speaker, a clear logician, and there showed the sound judgment which distinguished him in later life. He was a great reader, and kept abreast of the current of the world's affairs, and always liked to discuss matters of thought and moment. He en gaged but little in public life, devoted himself wholly to his business, which rewarded his attention with a liberal competency. This was not obtained by any of the fraudulent devices so common in business life, but the motto, dated 1855, which, worn by long use, was found in his pocket-book after his death, furnishes the motive which actuated him through all life's changes, and is a better delineation of his character than any words of ours : " Do unto others as you would that others should do to you under like circumstances." He sympathized with the Universalist creed, attended its services, and was active and liberal in all church matters. He was systematic and orderly in all things. A good citizen, aiding much in building up the inter ests of Stoughton, his counsel was often sought in critical and important affairs. He was Whig and Bepublican in politics. SAMUEL ATHERTON. Samuel Atherton (7), son of Samuel and Abigail Atherton, was born Jan. 26, 1815, in Stoughton; was educated at the common schools ; passed the early part of his life (until twenty years of age) on the homestead farm. He then went to Boston (1835) as clerk for William Capen, shoe and leather dealer, and remained with him about two years. Then taking a position as book-keeper with the firm of Prouty & Co., Commercial Street, wholesale hardware, he stayed with them for one year. He next established himself in business, as a retail boot and shoe dealer, on Washington Street, in company with Edwin Battles, under the firm-name of Battles & Atherton. After one year the connection with Mr. Battles was dissolved, and Mr. Atherton was employed by Caleb Stetson, wholesale shoe and leather dealer, corner of Broad and Central Streets, whom he served as clerk until Jan. 1, 1842, when he became partner, the new firm being C. Stetson & Co. 418 HISTOBY OF NOBFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. This partnership lasted about three years. Then Mr. Stetson retired from active business, remaining, however, special partner, but the business was con ducted as " Samuel Atherton." This relation con tinued three years, when Mr. Stetson again resumed active connection, and the firm-name became S. Ather ton & Co., to be changed two years later to Atherton, Stetson & Co., on the admission as member of A. W. Stetson, now president of the State Bank. From that time to 1861 the firm-name was unchanged. On the retirement of Caleb Stetson, in 1852, James and William Atherton were admitted as partners, and they continued the Stoughton manufactory as their portion of the firm work. In 1861 , Samuel and James Atherton withdrew from the firm, it, however, retaining the old name of Atherton, Stetson & Co. Soon after George E. Atherton, son of Samuel, was admitted as partner. This business was one of the most successful in this department of trade in Boston, five or six of the partners retiring in succession with wealth. Mr. Atherton married, Sept. 16, 1841, Tempie H., daughter of Col. Joseph and Mary (Bich) Holbrook, of Boston. Their children were George Edward, Charles Francis, and Sarah Ann, who married George P. Sewal, of Boston. The children of this marriage were Atherton and Mabel A. Mrs. Tempie Ather ton died Feb. 24, 1849. Mr. Atherton married, July 3, 1856, Susan B., daughter of Capt. Bichard and Jerusha (Rich) Baker. Their children were Helen L. (married Edward H. Hawes, of Boston) and Susan M. (married W. Morton Robinson, of Lynn). Mrs. Susan Atherton died May 18, 1858. Mr. Ath erton married, Oct. 6, 1869, Mrs. Susan M. Holton, daughter of Joseph Bassett and Margaret Bichardson. Mr. Atherton passed some years of his married life in Charlestown. He purchased the beautiful place in Dorchester where he now resides in May, 1856, and has made his home there ever since. Mr. Atherton is a director in the New England Bank, Prescott In surance Company, Massachusetts Loan and Trust Company, president of the Dorchester Gas-Light Com pany, and connected with various other corporations. He is a man of great executive ability, clear intellect, sound practical sense, and force of character. By his enterprise, sagacity, and integrity he won the confi dence and esteem of the leading business men of Boston, and has a high rank in financial circles. Whig and Republican in political belief, he took hold of politics with the same enthusiasm and energy which characterized him in business life, and has always taken an active part in the "primaries." He could have won political honors, and worn them grace fully and with distinction, but, aside from repreeef ing Dorchester in the State Legislatures of 1861 1870, and 1877, he has not accepted political positioi In private life Mr. Atherton is marked for his emi nently social qualities, his courtesy to all, his warn and strong friendships, kindness, and liberality to tb unfortunate and to charitable objects. He is Unitariai in religious belief. LEONARD HODGES. Leonard Hodges, for so many years one of Stough) ton's leading manufacturers, was born in Taunton Mass., July 8, 1794. His father, Samuel Hodges, vftas a man of solidity and good repute, and for man} years an " innkeeper" (a position of consequence in those days) in Taunton and Easton. He married Lucinda Austin, of Dighton, and had several children, among whom were Samuel, Lucinda, and Leonard. Samuel was one of the incorporators of the Gay CoW ton Manufacturing Company, established in Stough ton in 1813, on the site where afterward stood Leonard Hodges' Satinet Mills. In the war of 1812 he rendered distinguished services as an officer in the' army, and in 1819 was appointed United States con sul at the Cape Verde Islands, where he died about] 1825, aged thirty-four. Lucinda married Rev. Cal-I vin Park, a Congregational clergyman of reputation;] who was at that time pastor of the church in Stough ton. Leonard Hodges lived in Taunton till 1820, when he removed to Stoughton, and established himself as a working jeweler and merchant of jewelry. About 1822 he began the manufacture of satinets in a small way, the weaving being done by hand. This busi- j noss, conducted with care, diligence, and unswerving! industry, grew steadily in importance, and after a few years, with new and improved machinery, he began to make hosiery-yarn, employing at first about twenty- i five hands. Under his shrewd management the busi ness assumed large proportions, and in 1851, after] accumulating a large property, he retired from activcj labor, letting his mills to his nephew, Samuel W. Hodges, who, with Calvin Tuck, founded the firm oV Tuck & Hodges. After five years Mr. Tuck retired, and in 1857, Mr. L. Hodges sold the mill to Charles^ H. French, of Canton, thus closing his connectioiij with manufacturing. Mr. Hodges married, Jan. 12, 1848, Jane, daughter of Elijah and Ruth (Tisdale) Atherton, of Stoughton. Their children are Anna A., born Aug. 20, 1855, married Claude Wilson, M.D., of Waterville, N. Y-i Eng'byjUl.R-JcU -i^lgiLinj A. nmtr.,-1 ^5?-2^^z' ^^h^ 0§5>Z^ -¦^^$^-~ STOUGHTON. 419 and William L., born July 13, 1858, inherited the old homestead in Stoughton, and married May 10, 1883, Lillie Gray, daughter of David M. and Lydia A. Simmonds, of Boston. Mr. Hodges was a diligent, hard-working man, not given to boasting nor display ; but by patient industry was truly the architect of his own fortune, attending closely to business and caring not for public honor or office. He was a careful counselor in all practical matters ; for many years a director of the Neponset Bank of Canton, and possessed great strength of char acter and steadfastness of purpose. While quiet and reserved in his intercourse with others, he had a large circle of attached friends, and was considered one of Stoughton's representative men, and when he died,- March 1, 1871, in the fullness of nearly seventy-seven years, the community lost a valuable member, and business circles an honest man. ASAHEL SOUTHWORTH. Asahel Southworth — Constant (1), Nathaniel (2), Edward (3), Constant (4), Jedediah (5), Con sider (6), Asahel (7) — was born in Stoughton, July 17, 1814 ; he was the youngest child of his parents, and received the education imparted at the common schools of those days. One of the features of his at tending winter schools was to start with a fire-brand in the morning and go to the school-house, a distance of a mile, and with this brand kindle the fire. He, like all his father's family, was early taught the value and necessity of labor. When he was twenty years old (1835) he, with his brother Jedediah, hired the mill of his father, which in 1837 they bought; built a new dam on the site of the present one. The same year they added fourteen, feet to the length of the factory and constructed a water-wheel. Their busi ness increased until their water-supply was unable to furnish them with sufficient power. So in August, 1847, they moved to the mill in. Canton, since occu pied by the Net and Twine Company, where they manufactured for two years. Mr. Jedediah South- worth suddenly dying, Asahel, who while doing busi ness in Canton had suffered extreme ill health from neuralgia, sold all the machinery of the business ex cept that for making cords, with which he returned to Stoughton. In the spring of 1858 a set of woolen machinery was put into the factory by Mr. South- worth and B. L. Morrison, they commencing business under the name of Morrison & Southworth. When this partnership was formed, it was a condition that when Consider Southworth, Asahel's son, should be come of age, and understand the business, he should take his father's place. This partnership continued until 1861. Feb. 1, 1861, from some unknown cause, the dam gave way, leaving a hole forty feet wide and fourteen feet deep, and shortly after this firm was dis solved. In the spring of 1861 the dam was rebuilt, a new and larger water-wheel put in, and fifteen feet added to the width of the mill, in which business was resumed by Asahel and Consider Southworth under the firm-name of A. Southworth & Son. The pro duct of the new mill was about seventy-five pounds of yarn per day. In 1866 a brick stack was built, a boiler and engine put in, and the factory enlarged. The building is now two stories in height, with Frencli roof, and thirty-nine by fifty-four feet on the ground ; the basement and floors affording about eight thou sand five hundred feet of floor surface. In 1868, the old machinery was sold, and new of the most approved kind substituted. In 1867, printed or chinchilla yarns came into use, and the new machinery that is necessary to make this kind of goods was added. In 1872, when chinchilla yarn was most demanded, they manufactured over one hundred and thirty thousand pounds. In 1875, Mr. Asahel Southworth retired from the business. He was thrice married, first, to Harriot, daughter of Ebenezer and Mary (Wild) Kinsley, of Easton ; she was born Nov. 27, 1813 ; died Oct. 9, 1853. Their children were Consider, Mary H. (died young), Mary E. (Mrs. J. D. Taber, of Quincy), and Harriot E. (Mrs. W. R. Blake, of Stoughton). Mr. Southworth married, second, Mrs. Sarah D. Fellows, nee Bowe, of Bockport ; they had one child, Elmer Kinsley ; third, to Mrs. Lydia Swift. Mr. Southworth devoted himself to business, refusing office, only accepting those of school committee and road surveyor. He was a successful and prosperous man. He was energetic, of nervous temperament, active, and cautious, social, yet unassuming, and fond of home. His moral qualities placed him in accord with the highest society, and he was universally es teemed. With the exception of his two years' resi dence in Canton, he lived all his life on the home stead of his father, in Stoughton. He was a member of the Universalist Society and of the Independent Order of Odd- Fellows. He was the first to build an ice-house and start the ice business in Stoughton. His death occurred Sept. 26, 1880. Consider Southworth (eighth generation), son of Asahel and Harriet (Kinsley) Southworth, born in Stoughton, March 7, 1840. Like many of New Eng land's successful men, he had but common-school ad vantages of education, yet this was supplemented by a thorough practical knowledge of his father's manufac- 420 HISTOBY OF NOBFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. turing. He married, March 7, 1861, Anne J., daugh ter of Pelatiah and Myra (Wales) Stevens, of Stough ton. Their surviving children are Harvey K. (born Jan. 16, 1867) and Martin 0. (born Nov. 14, 1869). In addition to the firm of A. Southworth & Son, in 1865, Mr. Southworth formed a partnership with George A. Cooper to manufacture bonnet wire, and since 1870 has supplied the inhabitants of Stoughton with ice. From the retirement of his father from the business of A. Southworth & Son, in 1875, Mr. Southworth continued it until Jan. 1, 1880, when his brother, E. Kinsley Southworth, became his partner, and is now associated with him. They built soon after a " picker"-house, thirty by thirty feet, and put in a small steam-engine. They could then make about three hundred and fifty pounds of yarn per day, of which one hundred was printed. In the spring of 1882 a brick addition was made to the mill, an eighty-horse steam-boiler put in, and also an additional engine, A disastrous flood in the fall of 1882 carried away a portion of the dam and injured the foundation of the mill. Owing to the general stagnation of the woolen interest, no improvements have since been made except to repair the damage of the flood. The specialties they manufacture are such yarns as are used for Cardigan jackets and by fancy- goods knitters. In about three months after marriage Mr. and Mrs. Southworth commenced housekeeping in part of the homestead dwelling of his grandfather, Col. Consider Southworth, where they resided until they removed, in 1878, to the pleasant residence now occupied by them. In politics Mr. Southworth is a temperance Bepublican. He has been elected three years successively selectman and chairman of the board, and during his administration the duties of the office have been extremely responsible and ardu ous. The elaborate and beautiful town hall has re ceived largely of his time and attention during its construction, and every bill connected therewith was examined and audited by him. As an evidence of the estimation in which he is held by the citizens of Stoughton, and his business ability, we give the lan guage of one of its substantial farmers : " The town hall would have cost ten thousand dollars more had it not been for Mr. Southworth." He has only been identified with town affairs during the last ten years, previously devoting himself to his business, in which he has been fairly successful. He is Universalist in his belief, and was parish treasurer for several years, until increasing cares caused him to decline serving longer. He joined the Sons of Temperance when fourteen years of age, and has never violated his ob ligations or broken the pledge he then took. He is a man of positive character and convictions, yet un obtrusive and unostentatious. He seeks no public duties, but when called to perform them is faithful to the command, — " Whatsoever thy hand findeth to do, do it with thy might." His manner of life is quiet and simple, and he much prefers the society of his home and family to parties or clubs, and enters with reluctance public gatherings. Enjoying rural life, he takes pleasure in cultivation of the soil and horticulture, and has a fine orchard of five hundred trees. Perhaps no man in Stoughton has been more earnestly devoted to its welfare than he, and surely none holds a higher place in the regards of its people. COL. CONSIDER SOUTHWORTH (1). The romantic history of Lady Alice Southworth, who married Governor William Bradford for her second husband in the infant Plymouth Colony, has been told over and over again during the last two hundred and fifty years, and of equally proud and noble descent as any of the English peerage is the Southworth family. Its transatlantic genealogy is thus given in Winsor's " History of Duxbury :" " It was procured by Mr. H. B. Somerby, from the Herald's college, London, for Nathan Southworth, Esq., of Boston. It is not known whether the first named are to be understood as in regular lines of descent, or collateral branches of the family. [It is evidently direct line of descent.] Sir Gilbert Southworth, of Southworth Hall, Lancas ter, Knt., married Elizabeth, daughter of Nicholas Dayes, of Salmsbury, in Lancashire. Sir John South- worth, of Southworth Hall, married Jane, daughter of John Booth, of Barton, Esq. Bichard South- worth, of Salmsbury, Esq., married Elizabeth, daugh ter of Edward Molineaux, Esq., of Segton, in Lan cashire. Sir Christopher Southworth, of Southworth Hall, married Isabel, daughter of John Dutton, of County Chester. Sir John Southworth, of Salms bury, Knt., married Ellen, daughter of Bichard Lang- ton, of Newton, Walton Lane : children, — Sir Thomas, Christian, and Bichard Southworth." Bichard Southworth, of London, merchant, mar ried Jane, daughter of Edward Lloyd, of Shropshire : children, — Henry, of Somersetshire, married Eliza beth, daughter of John Pillsant, of London, merchant; and Thomas, who married Jane, daughter of Nicholas Mynne, of Norfolk. Constant Southworth (if Lou- berly's table is understood correctly), who married Alice Carpenter, afterwards Mrs. Governor William Bradford, of Plymouth Colony, New England, was son of Thomas and Jane (Mynne) Southworth. Their Eng *byA.KBxt$6& ¦ ^d STOUGHTON. 421 children were Thomas M., Elizabeth Bayner, and Con stant, who married Elizabeth Collier. According to the " Pilgrim Memorials," Pilgrim Hall, Plymouth, slands on ," a part of the extensive estate of Mr. Thomas Southworth, in 1668, and is probably comprised within the four acres given bim by his mother, Mrs. Alice Bradford, relict of Gov. Bradford." Thomas South- worth, " a magistrate and good benefactor to both church and commonwealth," died in 1669. According to old colonial records, " on the 26th day of March, 1670, Mistress Alice Bradford, senior, changed this life for a better, having attained to four score years of age, or thereabouts. She was a godly matron, and much loved while she lived, and lamented, though aged, when she died, and was honorably in terred, on the 29th of the mouth aforesaid, at New Plimouth." Alice came over in the ship " Anne," her sons Thomas and Constant some time later, in 1628. Constant Southworth had by his wife, Elizabeth Collier, Edward, Nathaniel, Mercy (married S. Free man), Alice (married Col. Benjamin Clark), Mary (married David Alden), Elizabeth (married William Fobes, of Little Compton), Priscilla, and William. Nathaniel, born at Plymouth, 1648, married Desire, daughter of Edward Gray, in 1672 ; had Constant, born 1674 ; Mary, born 1676 ; Ichabod, born 1678 ; Elizabeth, married James Sproat; Nathaniel, born 1684 ; and Edward, who settled in Middleborough and married Bridget Bosworth, of Hull, in 1711, and died in 1749, leaving four sons, Constant, Edward, Lemuel, and Benjamin, who, as stated by Judge Micbell, all settled in North Bridgewater. Constant married Martha, daughter of Joseph Keith, in 1734; to them were born Betsey, in 1735 ; Nathaniel, in 1737 ; Ezekiel, 1739 ; Martha and Mary, 1741 ; Desire, 1742 ; Jedediah, 1745 ; Constant, 1747 ; Sarah, 1749, and Isabel, 1751. Jedediah, born in North Bridgewater, married Mary, daughter of Capt. Consider Atherton (see biography of James Ather ton). She was born in Stoughton, where they set tled and had children, — Jedediah, Consider, Polly, Betsey, and Constant. Consider Southworth was known as colonel, and married Mary Hixon, Jan. 24, 1799, and had nine children, — Lyman, born June 6, 1800 ; Jarvis, born Aug. 20, 1801 ; Lemuel D., born Sept. 7, 1802 ; Consider A., born May 14, 1805 ; Amasa ; Mira, born Nov. 3, 1810, married Alva Morrison, of Braintree; Jedediah, born April 27, 1812; Asahel, Paul D., born May 27, 1820. Col. Consider Southworth was born April 8, 1775, probably in Stoughton. He was one of the primitive shoe manufacturers of that pe riod, and, it is said, bought the right to peg shoes (then a new invention) in the town of Stoughton. He was prominently connected with the interests of Stoughton. As colonel of the militia, he was called into active service with his regiment in the war of 1812, but was not called into action. He held a high position in the Masonic fraternity ; was a member of the First Parish Church ; was well developed phys ically, of strong positive character, lived in the west ern part of Stoughton, and was especially fond of good horses, always owning one or two fine specimens. He was a valuable citizen, generous and hospitable in all the relations of life, and made a strong impress on the local history of his day. He was a life-long Dem ocrat, a true patriot, and while he deprecated the agi tation that led to the Bebellion, had it not been for his fourscore years he would have been found at the front battling for the Union. He had no sympathy for traitors. Up to the time of the free-soil agita tion his sons were in political accord with him, when Asahel became an active worker in that cause. He died June 6, 1863, much lamented. His wife was born July 22, 1777, and died Dec. 6, 1856. Col. Southworth commenced in 1823 a cotton-thread fac tory, which was finished in 1824, and was a wooden building twenty-four by thirty-eight feet, with eight feet posts and a stone basement story. His son, Consider A., who had learned the business in Paw tucket, R. I., took charge of the manufacturing depart ment for some time, being succeeded by his brother Amasa. Work was begun on this mill July 13, 1824, and forty-five pounds of thread were spun by August 1st. In August ninety-eight and a half pounds were spun ; in September one hundred and ten pounds. The total product to Jan. 1, 1825, was eight hundred and fifty-three pounds. In 1825 two thousand four hundred and fifty-three and a half pounds were pro duced. About 1826 Consider A. Southworth built a cord-twister, and he began to make cotton cord of various colors, used at that time to finish the tops of boots and shoes. These colored cords were made in the Southworth family until the advent of the sewing- machine changed the style of finishing, and the man ufacturing of cording was given up in 1857, as there was no demand for the goods. "The Southworths made the first cotton cord ever manufactured in Mas sachusetts by water-power." Amasa Southworth (2) was born March 4, 1807, in Stoughton; had a meagre, common-school edu cation ; was early inured to labor, and for most of his life worked diligently with both head and hands. His youth was passed assisting his father in farming and in the mill. On becoming of age, in 1828, with- 422 HISTOBY OF NOBFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. his brother, Consider A., he formed the manufacturing copartnership of C. A. & A. Southworth. Their mill was built on the site now occupied (1883) by the mill of Consider Southworth & Brother. About 1829 they added a mill on the site of the present mill of A. Southworth & Co., West Stoughton. In 1857, Amasa purchased the interest of his brother in this mill, and took as partners his son, Massena B., and son-in-law, Edwin S. Henry, forming the firm of A. Southworth & Co., under which name business is still conducted, and manufactures Sea Island and fancy cot ton, harness twine, line twine, threads, etc. In 1859, Mr. Southworth sold his interest to his son, William S., who then became of age. Mr. Southworth married, March 4, 1829, Abigail, daughter of Asa and Polly (Kent) Sherman, of Marshfield. From Marcia A. Thomas' "Memorials of Marshfield," we copy this: " William Sherman had a garden place at Duxbury, 1637, and lands towards Green Harbor, 1640. He early settled on the north side of the highlands, called on early records, White's Hill, near Peregrine White's. He had John (born 1646), William, and perhaps others." From its location and the family name, this was written of Mrs. Southworth's ancestors, as this describes the old homestead of her birth. Her father, Asa Sherman, born April 12, 1773, was a farmer of Marshfield, and owned and commanded a coasting vessel. He was a militia captain, an active and energetic man, well acquainted with many people, and held in high repute by his townsmen. He mar ried Polly Kent, and had Polly, born Sept. 15, 1799; Asa, born Feb. 28, 1801 ; Wealthy, born Feb. 22, 1803; Abigail, born Aug. 15, 1806; Alice W., born Feb. 24, 1810; and William, born May 25, 1813. Social, honest, patriotic, and upright, he died April 26, 1870, aged ninety-seven. His wife, born Dec. 28, 1775, died Jan. 10, 1878, aged one hundred and two years and thirteen days. She was a lady of the old school, of sweet disposition and courteous man ners, and much beloved. The children of Amasa and Abigail Southworth are A. Malvina, born Dec. 10, 1830, married E. S. Henry, has three living children; Walter E., born July 16, 1864; Alice S., born June 29, 1867 ; and Ella S., born Jan. 14, 1871. Massena B., born Jan. 7, 1834, married Ellen E., daughter of Albert G. and Hannah Vose (Gay) Eaton, March 12, 1866. Their children are Grace E., born April 2, 1871 ; Fred. W., born Sept. 25, 1874; and Inez M., born Feb. 26, 1880. William I., born June 9, 1839, married Martha E., daughter of Orin and Polly (Hayden) Belcher, Jan. 6, 1861. Their chil dren are Edith G., born Sept. 26, 1869, and William B., born Nov. 9, 1871. Amasa E., born March 9, 1844, married Abbie M., daughter of Charles and Lydia (Keene) Dorman, of Rockport, Mass., Dec. 25, 1866. Their children are Edwin W., born Sept. 22, 1867; Abbie D., born Feb. 10, 1877; and Chester Dean, born March 5, 1882. Amasa E. re sides in East Somerville, and is a member of the firm of Hyde & Southworth, wholesale grocers, Boston, Mass. Mr. and Mrs. Amasa Southworth commenced housekeeping in a small house near the present mill of A. Southworth & Co., and, after several removals, they finally occupied, in 1836, the house which was Mr. Southworth's home till death, and now the resi dence of his widow. This house was separated by a driveway from one built exactly like it by his brother, Consider A., which has been destroyed by fire. Amasa Southworth was liberal in all things of a social nature, fond of home and domestic circle, of good judgment, strong character, firm principle, suc cessful in business ; in politics a Democrat, and in re ligion a Universalist. The life of a private business man, whose promises are kept and whose credit is good, is apt to be uneventful, as far as the purposes of a biographical sketch is concerned. Such a life is so because good credit accompanies or follows correct business habits, and such habits mean the smooth running of affairs, when each day, though it brings its work and obligations, leaves its obligations complied with and its labor performed. Such lives are the foundation and superstructure of society, and such a life was Amasa Southworth's. The famous and eventful lives may well be considered the architectural embellishments, but they must have the solid struc ture to form themselves upon. Life is not a dream is the assertion of more than one experience, and the lives of great events are rendered possible only by just such lives as the one in question. Mrs. South- worth, his companion of many years, with unusual activity of mind and body, surrounded by her chil dren, is " only waiting" for the coming of the " twi light" to join her beloved husband. HON. ELISHA C. MONK. Hon. Eiisha Capen Monk, son of George R. and Sarah (Capen) Monk, was born in Stoughton, Mass., April 25, 1828. From Hon. Ellis Ames, of Canton, the noted genealogist, we gather the following infor mation : "The ancestor who came to this country was probably Christopher Monk. In past generations there have been several Christopher Monks in Boston, and several of the same name in Stoughton, one of whom was born Jan. 14, 1733, another in 1757. At wm Eng'fyAJtrBiccM' ? STOUGHTON. 423 the ' Massacre' (so called), March 5, 1770, when the British troops fired upon the inhabitants of Boston, one Christopher Monk, of Boston, an ap prentice, seventeen years old, stood next to Gen. Joseph Warren, and was shot down by a bullet through one of his lungs. Gen. Warren, who was a skillful physician and surgeon, attended him every day for several years, without fee, until he finally recovered. What relation he was to the Monks, of Stoughton, is not now known. George Monk kept a ' famous tavern' on what is now Park Street, in Boston, in 1686. Another George Monk had his will proven Oct. 10, 1740. He was a shop keeper in Boston. There were four Elias Monks, one of whom, great-great-grandfather to Eiisha C., came to Stoughton about 1720, and since then the family has been quite numerous there. He settled in the southeastern part of Stoughton, was a farmer, and died in 1750. He left at least two sons, — George and William. William was a soldier in both the French and Indian wars of 1756, and the Bevolution, and was at the battle of the Plains of Abraham, at the taking of Quebec, under Gen. Wolfe. George was born Feb. 10, 1734. in Stoughton, and died about 1814. I knew him very well. He was a farmer. His son Jacob was a farmer also. He was grand father to Eiisha Capen Monk." George, father of Jacob, was a volunteer in the Revolution, receiving a bounty from the town, and served through the war. Jacob married Milly Pan da]], of Easton, whose mother lived to the advanced age of one hundred and four years. Their children were Nathan, George B. Stillman, Jacob, Almira (married Isaac Blanchard), Eliza (died single), and Caroline (married Charles Stone, of North Bridge- water). The Stoughton home of the family was in the south part of the town, near the " Old Colony" line, and has been held by the family from the first occu pant until now. Jacob Monk was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, a large man of fine presence, quiet and unostentatious, and although very modest, was of sterling worth. He lived to be sixty- seven. George Bandall Monk, son of Jacob, born about 1799, had the educational advantages of the public schools of his day, became a manufacturer of boots and shoes in Stoughton about 1825, and con tinued about ten years in that business, when he re moved to West Troy, N. Y., and established himself in manufacturing, but after a four-years' stay he gave up business in consequence of a fall which produced paralysis of both legs. He then returned to Stough ton, where he died Oct. 9, 1843, aged forty-four years. He married Sarah, daughter of Deacon Eiisha and Milly (Gay) Capen. (Milly Gay, previous to her marriage, spun and wove cloth from flax raised on her father's farm at Dry Pond, and herself carried it to Boston, aud sold it for money to purchase her wedding- dress. Her father, Timothy Gay, was a minute-man in the Revolution, and was called out to aid in the defense of Roxbury. She was a woman of remarkable strength of character and physical endurance, and taught school before her marriage. She lived to be ninety- seven years of age.) They had five children who attained mature years, — George E., Eiisha O, Harriet (deceased ; married Ephraim W. Littlefield, of East Stoughton, and left three children), Adelia A. (married, first, William H. Curtis, had one child ; sec ond, A. A. Lamb ; they have had two children, and now live in Stoughton), Eliza F. (married D. S. Tol man, lives in Brockton, and has two children). Eiisha C. Monk was fifteen years old at his father's death. He had a good common-school education, supplemented by the private teaching of Bev. Wil liam Cornell (a successful teacher and pastor of the Congregational Church in Stoughton) in Latin, rhet oric, etc. He learned the bootmaker's trade, and could make a good boot when eighteen. He continued at the trade ten years, and alone and with others con ducted manufacturing of boots for twelve years, and was fairly successful financially. He became one of the incorporators, in 1872, of the Stoughton Boot and Shoe Company, and was its agent. This con tinued eight years, doing an annual business of nearly a quarter of a million dollars, and although not a financial success, still it gave much employment to residents of the town, distributing large amounts of money, and benefiting the community by the conse quent increase of its business. In 1870, Mr. Monk went West as one of the original corporation ("Union Colony") which established the town of Greeley, Col. He was one of the trustees the first year of the colony, and erected the first building in the new town. This colony was one of the most successful ever un dertaken, and will ever be historic from the sagacity and shrewd wisdom of its founders. Mr. Monk has been financially interested in Greeley until the present year. For the last ten years, and until within a few months, he has been the senior member of the firm of Monk & Ingalsbe, transacting a mercantile business in Greeley and at Colorado Springs. Mr. Monk has ever been in the foremost file of political progress. He was a member of the organiza tion of Sons of Temperance in Stoughton for twenty years, and until the dissolution of the lodge. He early became connected with the Free-Soil movement, 424 HISTOBY OF NOBFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. and was elected on that issue and ticket to represent Stoughton in the Massachusetts Legislature in 1856. As this movement gathered strength, and the great civil war was forced upon the country, Mr. Monk gave his heartiest efforts to the maintenance of the Union and the success of the Bepublican party. He gave much of his, time in filling the quota of Stough ton in the numerous drafts made upon her for soldiers in the field, and the promptitude with which she re sponded to them was largely due to his exertions. As a Republican he represented his district in the Senate of Massachusetts in 1866-67, and served with credit on important committees. In religious belief he is a Universalist. Mr. Monk married, Jan. 13, 1851, Sally B., daugh ter of Ethan and Sarah (Wentworth) French. She was born in Stoughton, Aug. 23, 1835. Their chil dren are Bertha L., George, and Eunice C. Bertha married Isaac V. Marston, a member of the manufac turing house of Farrell & Marston, Stoughton, and has one child, — Isaac Bertram. Mr. Monk ranks among the successful men of whom Stoughton is worthily proud. Conservative, yet actuated by con victions, he has never been a hindrance to true prog ress, but one of its most earnest assistants. Pleasant and unrestrained in social intercourse, faithful in all the relations of life, those who have known him longest are his strongest friends. LUCIUS CLAPP. Thomas Clapp (1), the first American ancestor of Lucius Clapp, was born in Dorchester, England, in 1597, and came of an old Devonshire family of Danish extraction. He came to this country probably in 1633, as in 1634 his name appears on the town records of Dorchester, in which town he was admitted a freeman in 1638. He afterwards removed to Wey mouth, next to Scituate, where he was deacon of the church in 1647. He was an enterprising, energetic, and useful man ; was deputy in 1649, and overseer of the poor in 1667, serving the first term of the ex istence of those offices in the town. He married Abigail , had nine children, and died April 20, 1684, greatly respected. His third child, Samuel (2), married June 14, 1666, Hannah, daughter of Thomas Gill, of Hingham. He inherited his father's resi dence ; was a distinguished man, and notably so in Scituate, his native town, which speaks well for his ability, as it then contained some of the ablest men in the colony. He was eight years deputy of Plymouth Colony. After the union of Plymouth and Massa chusetts Colonies, he was representative to the General Court of Massachusetts fourteen years. In many other and important ways, he served his town and colony with zeal and fidelity, and died at an advanced age. He had ten children, of whom Joseph (3) was second, and was born Dec. 14, 1668. He married and lived all his days in Scituate, where he owned land. He had twelve children. His son Joseph (4), born July 15, 1701, was deacon, inherited his father's estate ; married, first, Hannah Briggs ; second, Sarah Perkins, and reared a family of fifteen children. His eldest son, Joseph (5), born in Scituate, Feb. 21, 1734-35, married there Eliza Turner, and spent the latter portion of his life elsewhere. He had six chil dren, one of whom, Barnard (6), born in Scituate, married Lydia Packard and settled in Braintree, where he died in 1803, leaving two children, — Charles (7) and Lydia (married Daniel Holbrook). Charles, born in Braintree, Jan. 10, 1795, was early an orphan, his mother dying when he was scarcely two years old, and his father when he was about eight. He was taken by his uncle, Nathan Packard, a farmer of North Bridgewater, with whom he remained until his majority. He acquired sufficient education to enable him to teach several terms of school in early life, and in which he gave great satisfaction. He married Sally, daughter of Nathaniel and Betsey Manley, who was born in North Bridgewater, and shortly after set tled in North Easton as a farmer. In 1821, he came to Stoughton, purchased seventy-five acres of land, which, with additions, now is the farm occupied by his son Lucius, and was ever after a resident there. He died Jan. 16, 1838, a quiet, unostentatious man, of good repute. He held the various town offices of im portance with credit, and was called out to defend the coast in the war of 1812. His children were Lucius (8), and Charles, who died, aged nineteen, in 1846. He was a young man of more than ordinary ability, quiet and unassuming in his manners, honorable and upright in his life, making friends of all who came in contact with him. He was a good scholar, having, beside his common-school education, studied several terms at an academy, and was engaged in a course of studies at the normal school in Bridgewater, prepar ing himself for future usefulness, of which he gave great promise, when he was prostrated by consump tion. Lucius Clapp is the eighth in direct descent from Thomas, the emigrant, and was born in North Bridge- water (now Brockton), Mass. He was educated at common and private schools ; was reared a farmer ; took pride in agriculture, and has always followed that avocation, and is to-day one of the representative 0 leu iv ^5v STOUGHTON. 425 farmers of this progressive age. He has always re sided on his father's homestead ; has been successful in business, and has used the funds Providence has given into his care wisely, and done much to make him remembered as a liberal and kind-hearted man- He married Emily, daughter of Lewis Waters, July 14, 1847. Formerly a Whig, Mr. Clapp has been identified with the most progressive political creeds. He was one of the original Free-Soilers, and chairman of the first Free-Soil meeting held in Stoughton. Since its organization he has supported the Republi can party. He has been member of school commit tees several years, and selectman of Stoughton seven years, andnow (1883) holds that position. He has always been pronounced in advocacy of temperance, and has been connected with every movement for the betterment and advancement of his native town. He is an attendant and supporter of the Methodist Epis copal Church. We might write much of the esteem in which he is held by the better element of the community in which he has passed his entire life, but we forbear, fearing that we might wound a modest, retiring na ture, when we only sought to do justice. We must, however, give the remark made by a prominent citi zen concerning him, " He is ^selectman in the fullest and highest sense of the term, an able man, and honest and faithful as able." ROBERT PORTER. Robert PoTter is (eighth) in direct descent from Kichard Porter, who with others came over from Weymouth, England, in 1635, and settled at Wey mouth, Mass. In the years 1648, 1654, 1663, and 1668 grants of land were made to Richard Porter. He was continually in office as selectman, constable, and upon committees ; was a member of the original church, — " Brother Bichard Porter" often occurs on the old records. The name of his wife was probably Ruth, and he was doubtless married after arriving in this country. He died between Dec. 25, 1688, the date of his will, and March 6, 1689, the date of the inventory of his estate. The commencement of this will is quaint, and worthy a place in this history. " I, Bichard Porter, of Weymouth, in New England, being apprehensive of my near approaching departure out of this world, and being through the mercy of God of a short memory and disposing mind ; trust ing in the mercy of God through ye Lord Jesus Christ for eternal life : Do make this my last will & testa ment." The line from Bichard to Bobert, of whom we write, is Bichard (1), John (2), Samuel (3), Samuel (4), Joseph (5), Bobert (6), Bobert (7), Bobert (8). John Porter (2) is mentioned in the Porter genealogy as one of the most enterprising men of his time. He had many land grants, and was a large purchaser of lands in ancient Bridgewater. In 1693 he built the first saw-mill in what is now South Abington, at " Little Comfort," and was a useful, honored citizen, holding all the various town offices at different times. Joseph (3), born June 10, 1730, lived in Bridgewater and Stoughton, moving from Bridgewater to Stoughton in 1777. He and his wife were admitted to the North Bridgewater Church, of which his uncle, John Porter, was the minister in 1780. He was a lieutenant in the militia in the time of the Bevolutionary war. Robert Porter (6), son of Joseph and Elizabeth (Burrill) Porter, born in Bridgewater, March 30, 1762, was a farmer, and re sided in Stoughton ; married Elizabeth Gay, June 5, 1794 ; he had several children, among them Robert (7). Mr. Porter was an active, energetic man, was captain of militia, and served his day and generation well. He died Aug. 18, 1835. We come now to Robert, father of the present Robert Porter. He was born in Stoughton, Dec. 19, 1798; married first, Fannie B., daughter of Uriah Capen, of Stoughton, Aug. 20, 1822 ; second, Eunice Freeman, of Orleans, June 24, 1832 ; third, Mrs. Caroline P. Ames, of Milton, June 5, 1875. His children numbered thir teen, Bobert being the oldest. He died Nov. 9, 1876, aged seventy-eight. He was a farmer and large real-estate owner, and for more than fifty years owned and lived upon the land where the town hall now stands. He laid out and built Porter and Canton Streets as far as the Catholic Church, also School Street from Pearl to same point, thence westerly over his land nearly to Water Street. He also extended Canton Street to the line between him and his son Bobert (8), being nearly a mile in the whole, selling the lots to the first builders and dwellers thereon. He was a " road-builder" from his early days, having built the road through Ames' Pond about 1830, also the road through the old mill-pond at the head of the present Brockton reservoir, in 1 838. In the latter he had a partner, Mr. Samuel Capen. His trade was that of stone-masonry, and he used to say that he " had stoned wells enough to measure three miles." He got out hardwood timber, and inaugurated the wood and lumber business now carried on by his son Bobert. He held several town offices, such as col lector, constable, etc., was at one time deacon of the Universalist Church, but afterwards connected himself with the Congregationalists. 426 HISTORY OF NOBFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. Bobert Porter (8) was born in Stoughton, on the Uriah Capen (his grandfather's) place on Pleasant Street, Dec. 6, 1823, married Mary Holmes Drake, daughter of Luther Drake and Catherine (Pope) Holmes, his wife, Nov. 16, 1848. Mrs. Porter was born in Sandwich. Their children are Mary Emma (1), died young; Mary Emma (2), born Dec. 26, 1850, died Dec. 25, 1877; Theresa Jane, born March 17, 1853; Bobert D., born July 29, 1855; Ellis B., born April 28, 1860 ; and A. St. John Chambr£, born Sept. 27, 1867. Mr. Porter had only the advantages of the common schools, and as he was early put to labor, his oppor tunities for education were very limited. When four years old, in the summer of 1828, he rode and drove horse to plow, continuing this for his father and others until his next younger brother was old enough to supersede him. When about eight years of age he began to accompany his father on his trips to Boston and drive team, and from that time to the present has been an active laborer in various depart ments of business. As soon as he was old enough to ride, he was set to ride horse in plowing out corn, and when nine years old " held plow and drove for him self." He remained with his father on the farm and doing stone-mason work until he was twenty-one. He established himself in business in 1845, by pur chasing a timber lot in Easton, from which he removed the timber and wood and also made charcoal. He has dealt in wood and timber ever since, about forty years. He did everything that came in his way to make an honest day's work, drove team, stoned cel lars, dug wells, laid stone walls, and has always been proficient. Among other things, selling and carting (with some aid in loading) fifty cords merchantable oak and chestnut wood four miles, on twelve and one- half consecutive days, the loads, many of them, being divided between three and four purchasers. This was hauled on an eight-foot wagon, and one load of heavy oak contained nineteen and five-twelfths cord feet, and was so high that sometimes a hind wheel would rise upon the road. This was in 1847 or 1848, and when fifty years of age cut seven cords of pine wood ! in one day ; at another time, one and three-eighths i cords in seventy-four minutes, of which witnesses are j now living. When thirteen years old he practiced tending windlass for well-digging, and lowered tubs of stone into wells for his father to lay. At one time, when near the bottom, the tub got the start, overbal ancing him, as he weighed less than one hundred pounds, throwing him over the windlass. He shrunk from no productive employment, but never strove to make a dollar dishonestly. He purchased the place where he now lives June 15, 1852. This was origi nally forty-five acres, and to this he has added by pur chase until he now has in this place one hundred and two acres, and altogether about three hundred acres. When Mr. Porter purchased this place it was much run down, having scarcely a rod of good fence and a few " tumble-down" walls, and he could only cut three tons of English hay on the entire place. From this unpromising beginning, Mr. Porter, by expenditure of great time and labor, has changed it from a barren waste to a rich, productive farm. It has been said that " he who made two blades of grass grow where only one grew before, was a public benefactor." How much more applicable is this term to Mr. Porter. The farm was almost covered with wood, through which one could scarcely see a house. He cleared off the wood, extirpated the stumps, and laid out a private road across his farm, along which and the public highway he has set out fine shade-trees, being about a mile of distance. He has constructed hun dreds of rods of drainage, open, stone, and tile. One drain, a rod in width', is over eighty rods in length. Also stone walls of great beauty and solidity, and developed a charming scene of pastoral beauty from the primitive wilderness by his energy and taste. Mr. Porter is a model farmer, cuts more than sixty tons of fodder, follows no specialty, but engages in all departments of agriculture applicable to this section. He was the first to establish the coal business in Stoughton, which he has carried on for more than a quarter of a century. In this he disposes of from three to four thousand tons per annum. By the stringency of the panic times, in 1877, Mr. Porter was compelled to compromise with his creditors at sixty cents on the dollar. That li is honesty and in tegrity was not impeached by this is evidenced by the fact that, immediately after settlement, his cred itors offered to advance him funds to continue his business. In public and private life Mr. Porter takes a high moral and religious stand, and holds the most advanced positions. His political life has had three stages, Free-Soil, Republican, and Prohibition. Having no aspiration for office, he has only accepted that of chairman of selectmen, one term (1854). He has, however, allowed his name to run in connec tion with senatorial and other offices on Prohibition tickets, merely as the representative of a principle, and enjoyed the satisfaction of running ahead of his ticket. He is an industrious, hard-working citizen, and enjoys the esteem of the community. HOLBBOOK. 427 CHAPTEB XXXIV. HOLBROOK. BY A. E. SPROUL. Elsewhere in this volume Holbrook is alluded to as the daughter of Bandolph. Technically, this is correct enough ; practically, however, the distinction between the West and East villages of the present town — now respectively the towns of Bandolph and Holbrook — was as marked for many years previous to the division as it has ever been since. The centres of the two villages were nearly two miles apart, and although there was a well-built highway extending al most in a straight line between them, the communities did not grow together, and to this day the street al luded to is but scantily settled for the greater part of its length. General History. — The division of the town of Randolph, by a line running in the vicinity of the Cochato Biver, had been a topic of conversation, es pecially in East Randolph, for many years previous to the autumn of 1871, when the first really decisive steps were taken. In January, 1867, two meetings to consider the subject were held, at which it was evident that a majority of the citizens of East Ran dolph were in favor of the formation of a new town east of the Old Colony Railroad line ; but there was not the harmony and unanimity which seemed desir able, and the matter was dropped. Early in the au tumn of 1871, however, it seemed to some that the time for a successful effort in that direction had come, and preliminary work was begun, culminating in a citi zens' meeting held on the evening of Tuesday, Decem ber 5th. This meeting was largely attended, and great enthusiasm prevailed. It was called to order by Mr. William Gray, and organized by the choice of Mr. L. S. Whitcomb as chairman, and Mr. E. Frank Lincoln, secretary. The following resolve, offered by Mr. Frank W. Lewis, was, after a full discussion by several of the most prominent citizens, accepted and adopted by a rising vote, only one negative vote being recorded : "Resolved, That it is the sense of this meeting that it is ex pedient that the portion of Randolph lying east of the Old Col ony and Newport Railroad be set off from the main town and incorporated as a new town." Executive and other committees were chosen and set towork. On the following day (December 6th) a formal petition was signed by Mr. E. N. Holbrook and thir teen others and recorded in the office of the Secretary of State, and on the 8th it was served upon the town of Randolph by a deputy-sheriff. A second citizens' meeting, held on Saturday evening, December 9th, was made noteworthy by reason of the proposal by Mr. E. N. Holbrook, there advanced, to give to the new town, in the event of its incorporation, the sum of fifty thousand dollars — of which twenty-five thousand dollars were to be expended for a town hall and library building, ten thousand dollars for a public library, and the remaining fifteen thousand dollars for the pay ment of the town debt, or some kindred object. The idea which still remains current to a considerable ex tent, more particularly outside the borders of the present town, that Mr. Holbrook made his munificent gift conditional upon the proposed town being named for him, deserves emphatic contradiction at the hands of the present writer, based upon the most reliable contemporary testimony. At the meeting where the generous proposal was made, the citizens assembled at once brought forward the name " Holbrook" for the new town, and it received almost unanimous approval by the townspeople. The name was adopted not so much in honor of any one man, as in recognition of a family of old residents, who had become wealthy in the prosecution of legitimate business, and who had always shown themselves enterprising and public- spirited, and alive to the interests of the community with which they were for so many years identified. At the meeting of December 9th, therefore, it was immediately voted that the Legislature be petitioned to name the new town Holbrook, if incorporated, and three cheers were given for the name, and three more aud a vote of thanks for Mr. Holbrook. Petitions and subscription papers were actively circulated, fre quent meetings of the executive committee were held, and the Hon. E. W. Morton, of Boston, was en gaged to act as counsel for the advocates of division. About Jan. 8, 1872, the first petition was pre sented to the Senate by Senator Carpenter, of Fox- boro'. Up to this time the project had been regarded by the citizens of West Bandolph as visionary ; but they now saw that it must be met in a serious spirit. On January 18th a town-meeting was held in Stetson Hall, West Randolph, " to take action on the petition of E. N. Holbrook and others," at which it was voted to appoint a committee to oppose the division of the town, and to instruct the representative to the Legis lature, Mr. Ludovicus F. Wild, of East Randolph, to carry out the expressed wish of the town, or resign. All this was done in the face of the vigorous opposi tion of the citizens of East Randolph, but they were outvoted, as often before. The hearings before the legislative Committee on Towns were begun on Janu ary 24th, Mr. Morton, as previously stated, appearing for the petitioners, and the Hon. B. W. Harris (now 428 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. of East Bridgewater) for the remonstrants. Before their close an event occurred which filled the hearts of the people of East Bandolph with profound sad ness. This was the sudden death, on Feb. 5, 1872, of Mr. Eiisha Niles Holbrook, the benefactor of the future town. Though a digression from the subject immediately in hand, perhaps no more appropriate place than the present may be found in which to allude to Mr. Holbrook's career. He was born in East Bandolph, Oct. 31, 1800, and was the second son and fifth child of Deacon Eiisha and Anna Holbrook, of Bandolph. His opportunities for an early education were not limited, judged by the standard in vogue at the period of his birth. For some time he was a pupil of the Bev. Dr. Strong, his first pastor, who, besides the labors of the pulpit and the parish, conducted the studies of many of his youthful parishioners, and fitted numerous young men for college. He was also a pupil in an academy elsewhere. At the age of twenty he entered upon a business career, as a partner in a boot and shoe man ufacturing firm, with a capital of one thousand dol lars, and with the world before him. He soon left the firm and conducted business alone, and in his own way. This he did in one form or another for more than fifty years, to the last four days of his life. With scarcely an exception, every day's toil in that life of fifty years was a success. He gave ten thou sand dollars toward the Winthrop church edifice (the original building), from whose Sabbath services he was absent but one day during the last fifteen years of his life. For defraying the current expenses of the society he paid annually from one thousand to thirteen hundred dollars, and during the fifteen years immediately preceding his death he gave away the sum of eighty-five thousand dollars. He intimated a wish to do more, and named the objects on which he expressed a willingness to bestow his benefactions. Had his life been longer spared, or the premonitions of its sudden close been earlier given, unquestionably more would have been done in the execution of pur poses which he cherished. His generous gift of fifty thousand dollars to the new town has been already alluded to. The Bev. Ezekiel Bussell, D.D., in an appreciative sketch of Mr. Holbrook, says of him, " There was no taint of sloth in his composition. Action, industry, enterprise were his life. ... It is conceded that he never failed to fulfill a promise or redeem a pledge, and that he never resorted to un lawful expedients or doubtful methods for the purpose of adding to his wealth. On the contrary, his career was ever one of stainless rectitude and honor. . . . Like his honored father, Deacon Eiisha Holbrook, he was a liberal supporter of religious institutions. . . , When a friend or a neighbor was known to succeed and prosper, he was pleased, and never withheld the expression of his satisfaction. No bitter sarcasm ever fell from his lips against a neighbor or an acquaint ance, or anything that wore the aspect of a calumny or slander. . . He was courteous, refined in his tastes, modest, unassuming, and never obtrusive in the statement or defense of his opinions. . . . Nature had gifted him with an elegant person, with a pleasing presence, a genial countenance, a black and sparkling eye. . . . He was the faithful, the affectionate hus band, the kind, the tender father, the loving grand parent, and the sympathizing brother. ... He was a firm believer in the Christian Scriptures as the in spired Word of God, and in all the fundamental doc trines of the living oracles. He kept a copy of them in his counting room and on his centre-table, and few were the days that were allowed to pass without his perusal of them, either at his fireside or at his place of business." Though the death of Mr. Holbrook came with a sudden shock to his fellow-townsmen, it was no time for faltering in the prosecution of the work in hand, and the efforts of the advocates of a division of the town were in no respect suffered to abate. On Feb ruary 8th the Committee on Towns reported in the Senate a bill for the incorporation of the town of Holbrook, two of the House members of the com mittee alone dissenting. On the following day the bill passed to its second reading, and on the 13th it passed the Senate by a vote of twenty-five to ten. But the decisive battle was to be fought in the House ; and from that time until the bill reached its debatable stage, on February 19th, both petitioners and remon strants were unremitting in their efforts to secure leg islative supporters. On the last-mentioned date a debate of six or seven hours, lasting through that day and the next, resulted in a vote of one hundred and thirteen to ninety-one for the bill. Another contest was waged upon the engrossment of the bill, but an engrossment was ordered on February 24th by eighty- six to seventy-one. Then the sturdy remonstrants attempted to secure a reconsideration, but in this en deavor they were unsuccessful, and after passing the several remaining stages the bill received the Gov ernor's signature on February 29th, and the town of Holbrook became an accomplished fact. Following is a copy of the more important portions of the act of incorporation : " Be it enacted, etc., as follows : "Sect. 1. All the territory now within the town of Randolph, in the county of Norfolk, comprised within the following limits, HOLBBOOK. 429 that is to say : beginning at the stone monument in the line be tween said Randolph and the town of Braintree, on the easterly side of Tumbling Brook ; thence taking a southwesterly course, in a straight line to a point six feet westerly from the north westerly corner in range of the northerly side of the so-ealled East Randolph station-house of the Old Colony and Newport Railroad Company; thence the same or other southwesterly course to a point on the town line dividing Randolph and Stoughton, one hundred and fourteen rods southeasterly from the town stone monument in said last-mentioned dividing line, at the southerly terminus of Main Street in said Randolph; thence southeasterly, northeasterly, northerly, and westerly as the present dividing line between said Randolph and Stough ton, North Bridgewater, Abington, Weymouth, and Braintree runs, to the first-mentioned bound, is hereby incorporated into a town by the name of Holbrook ; and said town of Holbrook is hereby invested with all the powers, privileges, rights, and im munities, and is subject to all the duties and requisitions to which other towns are entitled and subjected by the Constitu tion and laws of this Commonwealth. "Sect. 2. The inhabitants of said town of Holbrook shall be holden to pay all arrears of taxes which have been legally as sessed upon them by the town of Randolph, and all taxes here tofore assessed and not collected shall be collected and paid to the treasurer of the town of Randolph in the same manner as if this act had not been passed; and also their proportion of fill county and State taxes that may be assessed upon them pre viously to the taking of the next State valuation, said propor tion to be ascertained and determined by the last valuation in the said Randolph. "Sect. 3. Said towns of Randolph and Holbrook shall be re spectively liable for the support of all persons who now do or Bhall hereafter stand in need of relief as paupers, whose settle ment was gained by or derived from a settlement gained or derived within their respective limits; and the town of Hol brook shall also pay annually to the town of Randolph one- third part of all costs of the support or relief of those persons who now do or shall hereafter stand in need of relief or support as paupers, and have gained a settlement in said town of Ran dolph in consequence of the military services of themselves or those through whom they derive their settlement. " Sect. 4. The corporate property belonging to the town of Randolph at the date of this act, and the public debt of the said town existing at said date, shall be divided between the towns of Randolph and Holbrook according to the valuation of the property within their respective limits as assessed May first, in the year eighteen hundred and seventy-one ; and said town of Holbrook shall receive from said town of Randolph a propor tionate part of whatever amount may hereafter be refunded to said town of Randolph from the State or United States to re imburse said town of Randolph for bounties to soldiers, or State aid paid to soldiers' families after deducting all reasonable ex penses ; and said town of Holbrook shall bear the expense of making the survey and establishing the line between said towns of Randolph and Holbrook." [Sections 5, 6, and 7 have no present interest.] The first town-meeting in Holbrook was held March 11, 1872, "in the East Parish meeting house." It was called to order by the Hon. Zenas French, and after prayer by the Bev. Ezekiel Bussell, D.D., Mr. Lemuel Whitcomb was elected moderator, and the meeting proceeded to the election of town officers. At another meeting, held March 21st of the same year, various appropriations for town purposes were made, by-laws adopted, etc. One of the earliest business transactions to demand attention from the officers of the new town was the division of town property. For this purpose the se lectmen of both Randolph and Holbrook were ap pointed committees with full powers by their respect ive towns ; and according to a document dated " Randolph, March 19, 1873," and signed by both boards, it was agreed and certified " that there has been paid by the town of Holbrook to the town of Randolph the balance of indebtedness as within stated, amounting to $14,988.94, and interest on the same from Feb. 1 to March 1, 1873, of $74.94, making $15,063.88," etc. In 1873 a town hall was built only a few feet south of the Winthrop Church, on Franklin Street, at an expense of about $35,000. It was of wood, two stories high, with French roof and brick basement, and was ninety by forty-eight feet in dimensions. The public library occupied rooms on the first floor. Early on Christmas morn ing, 1877, fire broke out in the town hall building, and both it and the church were wholly consumed. After the fire the citizens held their town-meetings in Library Hall, in the rear of the burned structure; but early in 1879 a new brick town hall, with stone trim mings, was completed on the site of the former one, and was dedicated on the evening of March 26th of that year. The building is in plan a parallelogram, measuring fifty-three by one hundred feet, with projections forty- four feet wide on front and rear, flanked at the corners on the front with projections thirteen feet wide. It contains four stories — basement, street floor, public hall, and roof story. The former contains the steam and gas apparatus. The street story is thirteen feet in height, containing two stores, apartments for town officers, and commodious quarters for the public library. The main hall, on the second story, is ninety by fifty feet and twenty-five feet in height, and with its paneled walls and ceilings, long arched windows, and tasteful frescoing forms one of the most striking interiors of the kind in the State. It will seat, in cluding the gallery at the northerly end, nine hundred persons. There is a large stage, with commodious dressing-rooms adjacent. A stone tablet set [in the front of the edifice bears this inscription : "Holbrook Town Hall. Erected 1878. The Gift of E. N. Holbrook." 430 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. The total cost, including furniture, fixtures, etc., was nearly twenty-eight thousand five hundred dol lars. On the left of the stage, in the hall, is a finely executed portrait of the late donor of the building ; and in a corresponding position on the right of the platform is a marble slab inscribed as follows : "Holbrook Town Hall. Erected 1873. Destroyed by Fire Dec. 25, 1877. Rebuilt, 1878." The dedicatory exercises consisted of prayer by Rev. Z. T. Sullivan, of Brockton ; song by the Mozart Quartette (male) ; address by Prof. J. B. Sewall, prin cipal of Thayer Academy, South Braintree ; presenta tion of the keys of the building by Mr. J. T. South- worth, chairman of the building committee, to Mr. Henry Newcomb, chairman of the board of selectmen, who responded appropriately ; song by the quartette ; remarks by Hon. Seth Turner, of Bandolph ; reading of letters, and brief speeches by invited guests from neighboring towns. Dancing closed the festivities of the occasion. In view of prevalent incendiarism, the following significant vote was passed at a special town-meeting held Nov. 5, 1881 : " Voted, That the selectmen offer $500 reward each for the arrest and conviction of the party or par ties who set fire to the barn of S. L. White, house of the late Ebenezer Alden, barn of James Holbrook, barn of Mrs. Prudence D. Holbrook, and $1500 for the arrest and conviction of the party or parties who set fire to the house of the late C. S. Holbrook ; and in no case shall a double reward be paid for the arrest and conviction of any one party." Ecclesiastical History, — Up to the year 1818 the residents of both the East and West villages of Ban dolph worshiped in the First Church, which was located in the latter village, and formed one society. In this year, however, the question of repairing the old house or building a new one was raised. The church edifice was then fifty-four years old, it being the second building erected by the society. It having been voted to build rather than repair, most of the residents liv ing east of the Cochato Biver petitioned to the Gen eral Court to be set off as a separate parish. This movement on the part of the citizens of East Ban dolph excited an opposition which was fully on a par with that created by the proposition to divide the town, made more than half a century later. The petition was granted, however, and the " Second Church in Bandolph" was organized Dec. 15, 1818. [It may here be remarked that the action of the Legislature in dividing the parish put a quietus for several years upon the project of rebuilding the edifice occupied by , the First Church in West Randolph, and it was not until Nov. 2, 1825, that the third meeting-house of that parish was dedicated.] The original members of the Second Church were as follows : Deacon William Linfield. Deacon Eiisha Holbrook. Bailey White. Josoph Holbrook. Jacob Whitcomb, Jr. Samuel Whitcomb. Abner W. Paine. Benjamin Paine. Isaac Whitcomb. Deacon Silas Paine. Caleb White. Col. Simeon White. Daniel Faxon. David White. Silas Paine, Jr. Lucius Paine. Otis Thayer (2d). Isaac White. Nathaniel Belcher. Hannah Linfield. Cassandana White. Rachel Wild. Sarah Belcher. Lydia Whitcomb. Phebe Whitcomb. Zerniah Faxon. Hannah Hobert. Sally Whitcomb. Mary Paine. Sarah Holbrook. Relief White. Alse White. Abi Newcomb. Hannah Hunt. Alse Thayer. Mary White. Mary Whitcomb. Sarah White. Lucinda Whitcomb.1 A meeting-house for the Second Church was built immediately after the organization of the parish, and the first pastor, the Rev. David Brigham, was ordained Dec. 29, 1819. He was dismissed Nov. 22, 1836, and was succeeded by the Rev. Dennis Powers, on Dec. 5, 1838. The latter clergyman remained only until April 15, 1841, his successor being the Rev. William A. Peabody, who was settled March 2, 1843, and was dismissed Oct. 2, 1849. The Rev. Ezekiel Russell, D.D., became pastor on May 8, 1850. Six years later dissensions arose in the church, and a division of the society occurred, resulting in the organization, on Dec. 30, 1856, of the Winthrop Church, named in honor of Governor John Winthrop of colonial fame. The circumstances immediately attending the formation of this society were these : Deacon Eiisha Holbrook and fifty-eight others — members of the Second Congregational Church in Randolph — presented a request to the church, at its stated and regular meeting, Dec. 5,' 1856, for letters of dismission and recommendation to such ecclesiasti cal council of sister churches as might be called for the purpose of organizing them into a separate and independent church of Christ. The petition sub mitted was as follows : " To the Second Congregational Church in Randolph .- "The undersigned, members of said Second Church, having become unalterably cpnvinced, by a train of circumstances now 1 The only living member. H0LBB00K. 431 of long continuance and known to' all, that our peace and har mony as members of the church of Christ require an entire change of our relations, and a new organization into a distinct and separate church, do, therefore, request letters of dismission and recommendation from the said Second Church in Ran dolph, to such ecclesiastical council from sister churches as may be called to act on their request. "East Randolph, Nov. 28, 1856." It having been moved and seconded that the above request be granted, the motion was carried by a ma jority of ten votes. There were five negative votes cast, and five persons did not vote. Letters of dis mission and recommendation were immediately placed in the hands of the petitioners, signed in due form by the pastor and clerk of the Second Church in Ban dolph. The persons who had thus been dismissed met Dec. 18, 1856, in the hall of E. N. Holbrook, Esq., and voted, unanimously, to call a council to act on their request for organization, and adopted, also, a confession of faith and covenant, to be submitted to the council for its approval. The council thus in vited to convene assembled in conformity with the invitation, and left behind the following record of its doings : " Randolph, Dec. 30, 1856. " Pursuant to Letters Missive from Deacon Eiisha Holbrook and sixteen others, holding letters of dismission and recommen dation from the Second Congregational Church in Randolph, and from other churches, to such ecclesiastical council of sister churches as may be called for the purpose of organizing them into a distinct and separate church of Christ, an ecclesiastical council assembled this day in the hall of E. N. Holbrook. The following-named churches were present by their pastors and delegates, viz. ; First Church in Braintree, Eev. R. S. Storrs, D.D., pastor; Deacon David Hollis, delegate. Union Church of Braintree and Weymouth, Rev. J. Perkins, pastor; Deacon J. P. Nush, delegate. First Church, North Bridgewater, Rev. Paul Couch, pastor ; Brother J. Kingman, delegate. Trinitarian Congregational Church, Bridgewater, Rev. David Brigham, pastor ; Deacon G. N. Holmes, delegate. " The council was organized by the choice of Rev. B. S. Storrs, D.D., as moderator, and Rev. David Brigham, scribe. After prayer to God for divine wisdom and direction in the business before them, in which the council was led by the moderator, a document, properly authenticated, was laid before them, show ing that the petitioners referred to in the letters missive had been regularly dismissed and recommended, as therein stated. The moderator here inquired if any persons present had objec tions against the petitioners being formed, according to their request, into a distinct and separate church of Christ. As no one appeared to offer objections, the council now listened to the oonfession of faith and covenant adopted by the petitioners, with which they voted entire satisfaction. The petitioners at this point, by request of the council, presented their reasons for withdrawing from the churches with which they had hitherto been connected, and for wishing to be organized into a separate church. After attending to these reasons, the moderator again inquired if any persons present had objections to make, or re marks to offer upon the document now presented to the council by the petitioners. No one appearing to respond, the council voted to be by themselves. It was then moved that the prayer of the petitioners be granted, and that we proceed to organize a distinct and separate church of Christ, under the name of the Winthrop Church of Randolph. This motion, after full and free discussion, was unanimously adopted. Arrangements were then made for the public services of the occasion, as follows : " 1. Sermon, with tho Introductory Prayer, Rev. David Brigham. " 2. Reading the Confession of Faith and Covenant, with the Consecrating Prayer, Rev. Jonas Perkins. "3. Charge to the Church, Rev. Paul Couch. "4. Right Hand of Fellowship, with Concluding Prayer, Rev. R. S. Storrs, D.D. "After attending public services as above arranged, council dissolved. " R. S. Storrs, Moderator. "David Brigham, Scribe. " A true copy of the doings and result of council. " Attest : " D. Brigham, Scribe." The whole number of members composing the Winthrop Church on the day of its organization was sixty — males, 17 ; females, 43. On the evening of the same day a society in the same place was organ ized in connection with the church, the legal steps for this purpose having been previously taken. The church, January 8th, and society, Jan. 20, 1857, with entire unanimity, extended an invitation to the Bev. E. Bussell to become their pastor, he having already sustained to them this relation nearly seven years, in connection with the Second Church in Ban dolph. To this invitation a favorable response was promptly made, and the clergyman was dismissed from the Second Church on Feb. 3, 1857, and on the same day he was installed over the Winthrop Church, the sermon on that occasion being preached by the Bev. Dr. Storrs. The church and society met for the first time for public worship in the hall of E. N. Holbrook, Esq., on the first Sabbath in the year 1857. Here all the assemblies for public and social worship were held till the 17th of January, 1858. The new house of worship being then complete, it was dedicated with the usual solemnities on the 20th, and opened for the first time for public worship on the Sabbath, the 24th of January, 1858. It was of the Romanesque style of architecture, eighty-four feet in length by fifty- three in breadth, and with a spire one hundred and forty-seven feet in height. It contained a bell and an organ, and its interior was tastefully frescoed. The cost of the edifice, including the land, was twenty-two thousand dollars, and its bills were all canceled on the day of its dedication. The names of the twenty-three persons who originally contributed to its erection are as follows: Eiisha Holbrook, E. N. Holbrook, C. S. Holbrook, Lewis Whitcomb, Elijah Howard, John Holbrook, Calvin French, Erastus Wales, Apollos 432 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. Wales, Newton White, Edmund White, Simeon Whitcomb, Daniel Faxon, Theophilus Wood, M.D., William W. Linfield, Samuel Baker, Charles French (2d), Zenas French, Stephen Chesman, Nathaniel B. Thayer, David White, Caleb Harris, William E. Linfield. After the separation of the churches the Second Church had no settled pastor, and relinquished the holding of public services in April, 1864. The church building ultimately became a shoe-factory, for which purpose it is now occupied. Meanwhile, how ever, the Winthrop society prospered. The Rev. Dr. Russell was dismissed from the pastorate on May 14, 1872, and on Jan. 29, 1874, there was a merging of the old Second society with the Winthrop Church under the name of the Winthrop Congregational Church of Holbrook. Early on Christmas morning, 1877, occurred the disastrous conflagration which destroyed both the new town hall and the Winthrop Church. The edifices stood side by side, and suffi ciently near together for the flames, which originated in the town hall building, to communicate to and en velop the church. The latter had been extensively repaired, not long previous to its destruction, at an expense of several thousand dollars. Immediately after the fire the members and friends of the Winthrop society took the initiatory steps looking to a rebuilding of the edifice. Their efforts were crowned with abundant success, and on the evening of Wednesday, Feb. 25, 1880, a commodious and handsomely finished new church was dedicated in the presence of a large congregation. The invocation was by Rev. J. C. Labaree, of Randolph ; reading of the Scriptures by Rev. Z. T. Sullivan, of Brockton ; prayer by Rev. P. B. Davis, of Hyde Park ; sermon by Bev. L. H. Angier, acting pastor of the Winthrop Church, who took his text from Exodus xiv. 14 and 15 ; dedicatory prayer by Bev. George W. Blagden, D.D., of Boston. At the conclusion of the ceremo nies an opportunity to inspect the new structure was afforded to those in attendance, which was embraced very generally. The total cost of the edifice was $28,327, of which $15,790 was subscribed by citizens, and the church was substantially free from debt when dedicated. The more important subscriptions were : Ladies' Sewing Circle, $1000 ; George N. Spear, $1000; E. Everett Holbrook, $1000; Edmund White, $750 ; Sabbath-school, $600 ; Thomas White, $500; Mrs. E. N. Holbrook, $500; E. Newton Thayer, $500 ; George T. Wilde, $300 ; J. T. South- worth, $300 ; Charles H. Paine, $300 ; Seth C. Sawyer, $300 ; Charles V. Spear, $250. One hun dred and seventy-four other persons donated from $5 to $200 each. The family of the late C. S. Holbrook' gave a piano for the vestry ; a bequest of $330 from the late E. N. Holbrook was employed in the purchase1 of pulpit furniture, etc. ; the tower-clock was given' by Mrs. Mary W. Holbrook, clocks in the main au ditorium and vestry by Mrs. C. V. Spear, and silver ware by Mrs. E. Everett Holbrook, who also gave $200 to the Ladies' Sewing Circle. There was no pastor settled over the church after' the discharge of the Bev. Dr. Bussell, until May 10, 1881, when the Bev. Herbert A. Loring was settled. During the interim the pulpit was occupied succes sively by Revs. S. C. Kendall, Albert Bryant, H. C. Crane, George W. Blagden, D.D., D. W. Kilbourn, William Adams, L. H. Angier, and George C. Gor don. The Bev. Mr. Loring was dismissed Nov. 23, 1882, and on June 19, 1883, the Bev. Oliver S. Dean, the present pastor, was settled. Methodist Episcopal Church..1 — An informal meet ing of a few persons interested in the formation of a Methodist , class was held Friday evening, July 26, 1878, when it was decided to organize a weekly class, which should meet for the first time the next Wednes day evening, July 31st, at the residence of Mr. Jos. W. Thayer. On that evening, July 31, 1878, the first class-meeting was held, twelve persons being present. The Bev. Joshua Monroe, of West Abington, acted as leader. On the following Wednesday eve ning the class met at the residence of Lewis Alden, who was chosen as the regular class-leader. Three months afterwards it was thought wise to hold a prayer-meeting on one evening of the week. : Such a meeting was held for the first time at Joseph W. Thayer's residence, with an attendance of about > twenty-five. These prayer-meetings, held regularly on Monday evenings during the autumn and winter, had an increasing attendance, until on one occasion seventy-two were present. More than half of these, however, were from the Winthrop Congregational Church, and others still were from out of town — . South Braintree, West Abington, Brockton, etc. Thus these meetings from house to house were kept up under the lead of a few persons of the Methodist persuasion and preference, until a strong desire was felt that, in order to make the movement already be gun a more permanent one, there ought to be a formal organization of a society under the discipline of the Methodist Episcopal Church. The preliminary steps having been taken, and the necessary arrangements made, on Tuesday, Feb. 11, 1879, Rev. D, A. Whe- don, D.D., presiding elder of the Providence District, 1 By Rev. Howard E. Cook. HOLBBOOK. 433 Providence (now N. E. Southern) Conference, visited the town and formally organized the Holbrook Meth odist Episcopal Church, with seven members and two (probationers. Truly a very small beginning ! These original members were Lewis Alden, Mrs. Hattie S. Alden, Elmer F. Beynolds, Mrs. Georgiana Bey nolds, Mrs. Emma O. Thayer, Mrs. Nancy A. Nick- erson, and Edward Brewer. Probationers : Mrs. Abbie C. Hollis and Sarah W. Bates. A desire for preaching services on the Lord's day soon prevailed, and on April 27, 1879, under the di rection of the presiding elder, Bev. C. M. Comstock came to Holbrook and preached to the first congrega tion ever assembled in the town under the auspices of a Methodist Episcopal Church. Library Hall had been engaged, and the services were held therein. Eighty were present at this first preaching service. The Rev. B. L. Duckwall preached May 4th and 11th, after whom the Bev. D. C. Stevenson acted as preacher and pastor from May 18th to August 2d. In this brief time he made many friends in Holbrook, who were sadly pained, the past year, at the news of his death in the South. The pulpit was supplied August 9th and 16th by the Bev. A. M. Osgood, and the 23d and 30th by the Bev. W. C. Helt. Next came the pastorate of the Bev. Nelson Edwards, for six months — Sep tember 7th to March 7, 1880. During this time an attempt was made toward building a church. The Rev. Mr. Edwards succeeded in getting about six hundred dollars pledged, and sufficient collected to buy a lot for four hundred and fifty dollars, located on Ply mouth Street, also to pay for the laying of a trench- work foundation for a church, thirty-one by forty. Here the work stopped. The first regularly-appointed preacher sent by the bishop was the Bev. E. M. Dun ham, April 13, 1880. On the Saturday night on which he arrived in town, April 17, 1880, Library Hall was burned. Severe illness of his wife compelled him to resign his work in September, 1880, and the Rev. W. C. Endly was sent to fill out the remainder of the Conference year. The Rev. F. J. Ward was sent as the supply in 1881, and remained until ill health compelled him to resign in August ensuing. The Rev. Howard E. Cook, of Boston University School of Theology, succeeded to the vacancy. Unit ing with the N. E. Southern Conference as a pro bationer in April, 1882, he was sent by the bishop as the second regularly-appointed pastor of the Holbrook Methodist Episcopal Church. Again in April, 1883, he was reappointed to a third year's pastorate. The membership of the church has been increased as follows : The Rev. Mr. Edwards received two " by letter," the Rev. Mr. Dunham one " from probation," 28 the Rev. Mr. Ward one "by letter" and one " from probation," and the Rev. Mr. Cook twenty-six " from probation" and nine "by letter." Thus the total number received is forty-seven. One, Otis Thayer, aged eighty-seven, is deceased ; two have removed to Hopkinton without letter, one has been dismissed by letter to the South Braintree Methodist Episcopal Church, and one has been excluded for flagrant neg lect of the means of grace. The present nominal membership is therefore forty-five. There are, besides ten members on probation. Other Christians not for mally united with the church are regularly associated with these in the religious work. After Library Hall was burned, preaching services and other services on the Lord's day were held in the •committee-room in the town hall building. Week day services were continued from house to house. The loss by fire was considerable for this young, weak, and struggling church. There was no insurance. All was lost except the contribution-boxes and hymnals, which were found among the ruins, and such Sabbath-school books as were in the hands of scholars. A few weeks after the present pastorate began, the pastor initiated a movement towards build ing a church. He called a meeting of the stewards and trustees, and moved that the board of stewards and trustees serve as a building committee. This was carried, and the committee consisted of Lewis Alden, Wm. B. Crocker, and Edward Brewer. The preparations for building were then at once begun, and a subscription-book was started by the pastor, who also drew up some plans and specifications for a church, which were accepted by the committee, who gave him authority to solicit and receive bids thereon. This done, the carpenter's contract was given to Ed ward Brewer at two thousand two hundred and sev enty-five dollars. An additional cost was incurred by putting in Scotch cathedral glass, and other extras, amounting to about one hundred and twenty-five dol lars. The church is thirty-one by fifty feet, with front projection six by twenty-three feet, and rear projec tion six by twelve feet, with a rear covered entrance and stairway to the pulpit recess. Six weeks after the building committee was chosen the lumber was hauled on to the church-lot, and in about three months the house was ready for dedication. The dedicatory services occurred Feb. 8, 1882. About fifteen hundred dollars was pledged in a day to re move all debt. The interior of the church is divided up as follows : main audience-room thirty-one by forty feet with pulpit recess six by twelve feet ; lec ture-room fifteen by twenty feet connected with former 434 HISTOBY OF NOBFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. by ground-glass windows ; hallway eight by fifteen feet ; library-room four by six feet ; ladies' kitchen over lecture-room and hall, and connected with lower floor by stairway and dumb-waiter ; seat ing capacity of whole church three hundred and fifty. Some improvements since the dedication have consisted of grading in front and also the con creting of walks, improving the library-room, and ele vating and railing off a section for the choir. The whole church property is valued at about four thou sand dollars. The parsonage property at present is about two hundred dollars. The Sunday-school was organized the third Sunday on which meetings were held, in Library Hall (May 11, 1879), with a membership or attendance of fifty-two. The present membership is one hundred and thirty, and the super intendent is Lewis Alden. There have been two special revival seasons during the present pastorate, in which nearly one hundred persons have taken a public stand for Christ. Many of these have been soundly con verted, and are now in the church. Some were tran sient residents and gone from town. Some were members of the Winthrop Sabbath-school, while others are turned back into the world. The above facts show a marked and rapid progress for the Holbrook Methodist Episcopal Church, especi ally during the present pastorate. Death has not broken into its ranks, and there have been steady accessions. In four years this church has acquired a property worth nearly forty-five hundred dollars, has become a regular appointment in the N. E. South ern Conference, and pays a salary of seven hundred and fifty dollars per annum. The parsonage tene ment, of six rooms, is convenient, pleasant, and com fortable. The church is doing a good and needed work, and its past success is felt to be the harbinger of far greater growth and power for good. The officers of the church are as follows : Stew ards, Lewis Alden (recording secretary), Wm. B. Crocker, Samuel C. Curtis, Alexander H. McGaw, Josiah W. Chamberlain, Chas. B. Boynton, Winslow P. Wilbur, Chas. C. Webster, and Franklin Z. Phil lips ; Trustees, Lewis Alden, Wm. B. Crocker, John I. Glover, Samuel C. Curtis, Franklin Z. Phillips, and Chas. C. Webster ; Class-Leaders, Lewis Alden and Wm. B. Crocker. On the first Sabbath of July, 1861, a few members of the Winthrop Congregational Sabbath-school or ganized a mission school in the engine-hall in South Bandolph, which continued under their care until the spring of 1868. During the winter of 1867- 68 a revival was commenced by the Methodist brethren of North Bridgewater (now Brockton). As a result of the work the people wished a church or ganization, and in May the choice was made in favor of a Baptist society. On May 30th the church was constituted under the labors of the Bev. Benjamin I. Lane, with four members, viz., Paul Hollis, A. L. Bussell, Emily F. Russell, and Sarah E. Belcher, and the Sabbath-school was given formally to the church. At the close of the year the membership was twenty-nine. The church was recognized by a council of Baptist Churches convened at South Ban dolph in a pine grove, on land of Mr. Thomas West, Sept. 14, 1868. On Dec. 10, 1870, the ground was broken for a church edifice by Samuel Ludden (age eighty-two) and Daniel Faxon, Jr., son of the donor of the land, Bev. J. K. Chase, pastor at East Stough ton Baptist Church, officiating. The meagre records afford but little information for the years from 1870 to 1873, but they note the dedica tion of the church June 25, 1872, with a sermon by the Bev. William Lamson. The Rev. Mr. Lane con tinued to supply the pulpit until about November, 1869. After three years of supply by students and laymen, the church called the Rev. Benjamin Wheeler to be pastor, Nov. 1, 1872, who by faithful ministry greatly built up the society, twenty-two being added during his pastorate, which ended with his death, Aug. 25, 1876. Following him came the Bev. Bichard M. Nott, who became a stated supply (re siding in Wakefield) until his death, in December, 1879. Although but three were added to the church during his ministry, the fruit of his and others' labors was gathered in by his successor, the Bev. Clifton Fletcher, of Melrose, who still continues as a stated supply. Fifteen members were added during October and November, 1883. During the years 1882 and 1883 a debt of one thousand dollars was canceled and improvements made in the church, in cluding furnaces, at an expense of nearly three hun dred dollars. Business. — Holbrook is emphatically a " shoe town." How completely this business overshadows all others is shown by the fact that in the census of 1880, out of a total value of manufactured products of two million thirteen thousand seven hundred dol lars, all but six thousand dollars was in boots and shoes. The business dates back to the beginning of the cen tury. Ephraim Lincoln was one of the pioneers, and others of the early manufacturers bore the character istic names, known and honored in the town to-day, of Paine, Blanchard, Holbrook, White, Whitcomb, Faxon, etc. The sires laid the foundations, and the sons have proved themselves worthy successors. To- HOLBROOK. 435 day three of the largest firms do ninety per cent, of the entire business. The house of Thomas White & Co. was founded in 1839 by the senior member of the present firm, Mr. Thomas White. In 1865, Mr. Edmund White, brother of Thomas, formed a partnership, under the style of T. & E. White, which continued until 1870, when the firm dissolved, Mr. Edmund White retiring, and a new partnership was formed consisting of Thomas White, T. Edgar and Henry M. White (his sons), which was known under the firm-name of Thomas White & Co. In 1873, Mr. M. Walker was admitted as a partner, but no change was made in the firm-name. The firm manufactures men's and women's kip, calf, buff, and split boots and shoes, and occupies a four-story building one hundred by thirty- six feet, with an L seventy by seventy-five feet. The factory is supplied with the latest improved machinery, and at all times presents a busy scene, as there are some four hundred and fifty people engaged in vari ous ways. The sales for the last six years averaged six hundred thousand dollars per year, the goods going all over the United States. The firm also has a large manufactory at Great Falls, N. H., where, in a three-story building one hundred and seventy-five by thirty feet, employment is given to about one hun dred and seventy-five hands. The business transac tions of that establishment amount to about three hundred thousand dollars per year. The boot and shoe business of Mr. Edmund White was established by him in 1848. The building occu pied as a factory is one hundred and thirty by twenty- five feet, and three stories in height, with two wings, measuring one hundred and forty by thirty and one hundred and forty by thirty-five feet. About four hundred and fifty hands are employed, who manufac ture on an average two thousand five hundred pairs per day, which are sold throughout the New England and Western States. Mr. White, who is sixty years of age, is a native of Holbrook. Messrs. Whitcomb & P.aine, manufacturers of men's and boys' calf boots, pegged and standard screw, oc cupy two buildings — the main structure being a four- story and basement building, one hundred and seventy by thirty feet, and the other eighty by twenty-five feet, containing three floors. About two hundred and twenty-five hands are employed, who turn out one hundred cases per day. The firm is one of the oldest in the town, having been established in 1861. The members are L. S. Whitcomb and C. H. Paine. The firm of R Thayer & Son, manufacturers of leather shoe-strings and dealers in leather remnants, was established about 1845 by Mr. Ezra Thayer. At his death he was succeeded by his son, Royal Thayer, who later admitted his own son, Mr. E. Newton Thayer, to a partnership, thus constituting the present firm. Two buildings are utilized as factories, and from twenty-five to thirty hands are employed. The business is prosperous and increasing under its present intelligent management. The following statistics of boot and shoe manu facture in the town are taken from the census of 1880: Number of establishments 16 Employ6s (male) over 16 950 " (female)" " 202 Total wages paid during the year $445,000 Capital invested 487,600 Stock used 1,360,652 Value of product 2,007,700 MisceUaneous. — The only secret organization in the town is Holbrook Lodge, No. 1753, Knights of Honor, which was instituted Sept. 5, 1879. The charter members were R. P. Chandler, Dr. J. B. Kingsbury, J. T. Southworth, J. W. Hayden, Walter E. White, H. N. Clark, Z. A. French, W. B. Norton, H. F. Thayer, B. T. Pratt, C. H. French, Lewis Al den, George M. Patten, S. D. Chase, J. E. Daniels, T. P. White, E. F. Hayden, Charles Hayden, and Elihu A. Holbrook. The Dictators have been J. T. Southworth, George M. Patten, Z. A. French, and Lewis Alden. The present officers are : P. D., Lewis Alden ; D., H. N. Clark ; A. D., F. P. Butman ; V. D., E. P. Rice ; Chap., George M. Patten ; R., J. E. Daniels ; F. R., John Adams (2d) ; T., W. E. White ; Guide, E. E. Paine ; Guard, A. W. Pratt ; Sent., C. W. Staples. The village in the southern portion of the town, about two miles from the centre, is known as Brook- ville. Its former appellation was " Faxon's Corner." It has a post-office and a Baptist Church, of which a sketch has been previously given in this article. Holbrook's fire department consists of one steamer, one hand-engine (the latter located at Brookville), and a hook-and-ladder truck. The chief engineer is Mr. George W. Wilde. Statistics. — The following table shows, under the appropriate headings, the most important statistical in formation relative to the town of Holbrook since its incorporation, compiled from official sources : 1S72. Town Officers. — Selectmen, assessors, and overseers of the poor, John Adams, E. Wales Thayer, Lemuel S. Whitcomb ; town clerk and treasurer, Frank W. Lewis; school committee, Frank W. Lewis (three years), Barton Howard (two years), Charles H. Paine (one year); auditors, Ludovicus Wild, New ton White, Nathaniel E. Hobart ; constables, Samuel L. White, S. R. Hodge, Z. P. Jordan; fence- viewers, Hiram Belcher, 436 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. Thomas West, Royal Thayer; sealer of weights and measures, Warren Thayer; engineers of fire department, Edward Belcher, Samuel D. Chase; collector of taxes, Jacob Whitcomb. Appropriations. — Schools (including repairs and incidentals), $4300; highways, $1300; general town expense, $5200 ; State aid, $1000; State and county tax, $3500 ; total, $15,300. Valuation, May 1. — Personal estate, $722,060 ; real estate, $647,490; total, $1,369,550. Tax Rate, $10 on $1000. Net Indebtedness, $14,038.21. 1873. Town Officers. — Selectmen, assessors, and overseers of the poor, E. Wales Thayer, John Adams, Charles H. Belcher; town clerk and treasurer, David Blanchard ; road commissioners, E. Wales Thayer (three years), Thomes West (two years), Washington L. Bates (one year). (Minor officers here omitted.) Appropriations (including $5436.08 for schools and $1800 for highways), $19,236.08. Net Indebtedness, $12,446.70. 1874. Town Officers. — Selectmen, assessors, and overseers of the poor, same as 1873 ; town clerk and treasurer, David Blanchard. (Minor officers here omitted.) Appropriations (including $5645.16 for schools and $1 800 for highways), $20,845.16. Net Indebtedness, $8575.05. 1875. Town Officers. — Selectmen, assessors, and overseers of the poor, same as 1873 ; town clerk and treasurer, John Underhay. (Minor officers here omitted.) Appropriations (including $5643.94 for schools and $1500 for highways), $21,593.95. Net Indebtedness, $16,277.86. 1876. Town Officers. — Selectmen, assessors, and overseers of the poor, C. H. Belcher, Newton White, W. F. Gleason ; town clerk and treasurer, John Underhay. (Minor officers here omitted.) Appropriations (including $5000 for schools and $1000 for highways), $23,000. Net Indebtedness, $13,065.51. 1877. Town Officers. — Selectmen, assessors, and overseers of the poor, Newton White, W. F. Gleason, R. T. Pratt; town olerk and treasurer, John Underhay. (Minor officers here omitted.) Valuation. — Real estate, $769,435 ; personal property, $185,- 550 ; bank and corporation stock owned by residents of Hol brook and taxed by the State, $577,500 ; total, $1,532,485. Tax Rale, $11 on $1000. Appropriations (including $5250 for schools and $1600 for highways), $19,250. (At the close of the fiscal year there was a balance due the town, over all indebtedness, of $10,100.61, of which $10,000 was due from the Franklin and Boylston Insur ance Companies — $5000 each.) 1878. Town Officers. — Selectmen, assessors, and overseers of the poor, Henry Newcomb, E. Frank Hayden, Samuel D. Chase ; town clerk and treasurer, John Underhay. (Minor officers here omitted.) Valuation. — Real estate, $809,845 ; personal estate (not in cluding bank and corporation stock), S185,750; total, $995,595. Tax Rate, $16.50 on $1000. Appropriations (including $5000 for schools, $1600 for highways, and $6000 for fire department), $24,600. Orders Drawn on Treasurer (including $7116.24 for fire de partment, and $21,783.92 for town house and fixtures), $44,- 596.71. Net Indebtedness, $19,7S0.62. (An itemized report of the town hall building committee gives the entire cost of the new hall, to replace the burned structure, as $28,499.81.) 1879. Town Officers. — Selectmen, assessors, and overseers of the poor, J. T. Southworth, Samuel D. Chase, E. Frank Hayden; town clerk and treasurer, John Underhay. (Minor officers here omitted.) Valuation. — Real estate, $829,550 ; personal (not including stock), $182,145 ; total, $1,011,695. Valuation of Town Property, $53,750. Tax Rate, $14 on $1000. Appropriations (including $5000 for schools, $2200 for highways, $4000 for paupers, and $2000 for fire department), $19,400. Net Indebtedness, $18,156.11 Miscellaneous Statistics. — Number of voters, 551 (an increase of 47 over 1878) ; number of polls assessed, 653 (increase of 63 over 1878); houses, 385 (increase of 38 over 1878). 1880. Toxon Officers. — Selectmen, assessors, and overseers of the poor, Samuel D. Chase, John Adams, E. Frank Hayden; town clerk and treasurer, J. T. Southworth. (Minor officers omitted here.) Valuation. — Real estate, $83-1,740; personal estate (not in cluding stock), $230,125; total, $1,064,865. Tax Rate, $15 on $1000. Appropriations (including $5000 for schools, $2000 for high ways, and $3500 for paupers), $24,475. Net Indebtedness, $11,480.83. 1881. Town Officers. — Selectmen, assessors, overseers of the poor, town clerk and treasurer, same as 1880. (Minor officers here omitted.) Valuation. — Real estate, $836,765 ; personal (not including stock), $219,670; total, $1,056,435. Tax Rate, $16 on $1000. Appropriations (including $5000 for schools, $4000 for. steamer-house, and $3500 for new school-house), $33,475. Net Indebtedness, $17,631.80. 1882. Town Officers. — Selectmen, assessors, and overseers of the poor, John Adams, Samuel G. Chase, Abram C. Holbrook; town clerk and treasurer, J. T. Southworth. (Minor town officers here omitted.) Valuation.— Real estate, $831,490; personal (not including stock), $152,805; total, $984,295. Tax Rate, $19 on $1000. Appropriations (including $5500 for schools, $2000 for high ways, and $3800 for paupers), $27,015. Net Indebtedness, $20,942.99. 1883. Town Officers.— Selectmen, assessors, and overseers of the poor, Abram C. Holbrook, Willard F. Gleason, Samuel D. Chase; town clerk and treasurer, J. T. Southworth. (Minor town officers here omitted.) Valuation.— Real estate, $855,120; personal (not including stock), $164,211 ; total, $1,019,331. ¦£»was organized under the laws of the commonwealth. In 1823, the original house was enlarged and improved, and the same year Mr. Gammell resigned, having received a call to the church in Newport, B. I. After his resignation the West Dedham portion of the church withdrew and formed a church there. In 1824, Bev. Joseph Ballard became acting pas tor, in which relation he continued until 1829. Forty- one persons were baptized by him during his min istry. The pulpit having been supplied for a short time by Bev. J. A. Boswell, in 1830, Rev. Moses Curtis became pastor and remained three years, during which time twenty-three were baptized. MEDFIELD. 451 Eev. Horatio N. Loring became pastor in 1834, and remained till 1838, baptizing fourteen into the fellow ship of the church. In the latter year the church erected a new house of worship in a more desirable locality, on the corner of Main and South Streets. It was supplied with a bell, and a half-underground room, according to the fashion of those times, for a vestry. In 1838, also, Bev. D. W. Phillips was ordained as pastor, who continued in that office for twelve years. He baptized forty-five persons, who were added to the church during his pastorate. In 1842, the old Baptist parsonage, given to the church in 1778, was sold, and a cottage on Pleasant Street pur chased for the use of the ministry. Rev. George G. Fairbanks was ordained in 1851, who remained till 1855 ; during his stay ten members were added to the church. Rev. James W. Lathrop was installed as pastor in 1856. Sixty-three members were added (fifty-one of them by baptism) during the years of his ministry, which lasted till 1862. Rev. Amos Harris was the next pastor, being ordained in 1862. He remained till 1865, when he resigned on account of ill health. There were twenty-four additions in that time. Rev. A. W. Carr assumed the pastoral charge at the beginning of 1866, and retained it five years. He baptized twelve. In 1869, the church cast off the forms of a religious society, and itself assumed the entire charge of the support of public worship. Rev. A. M. Crane was ordained in 1872, and con tinued as pastor six years. Under his ministry the additions were sixty-nine, thirty-eight of these by baptism. In 1874 the house of worship was completely re modeled, additions being made both front and rear, the corner tower and spire erected, a better vestry and other rooms finished in the basement, and the whole refurnished. The total expense of all these improve ments was twelve thousand five hundred dollars, one- half of which sum was paid by Deacon George Cummings. Rev. Mr. Crane resigned in 1878, and was imme diately succeeded by Rev. I. H. Gilbert. The Pleasant Street parsonage was sold, and the present parsonage built in 1879. Second (Orthodox) Congregational Church.. — The members of the First Church, whose petition for leave to withdraw for the purpose of forming a new church has been already noticed in the sketch of that church, and which had been granted by the council, organized the Second Congregational Church Feb. 6, 1827. The constituent members were seventeen, as follows : Moses Wight, Artemas Woodward, Obed Fisher, Nathaniel Stearns, Stephen Turner, Eiisha Clark, Sarah Wight, Mehetabel Woodward, Mary Stearns, Susan F. Turner, Esther Chenery, Esther Chenery (2d), Olive Mason, Mary Smith, Waitstill Smith, Martha Adams, Keziah Mason. The same year a new religious society was organ ized under the laws of the State. During the first four years of the existence of this church and society, meetings were held in a small hall which was over the store at the corner of Main and North Streets. Rev. Arthur Granger was installed as the first pastor in 1831. Previous to this time the church had received an addition of twenty-five members, and dur ing his ministry twenty- four more were added. His pastorate terminated in 1832. The same year a house of worship was built on the spot now occupied by the society for the same purpose. Rev. Walter Bidwell was installed in 1833, and dismissed in 1836, having received twenty-two mem bers. Bev. Charles Walker was installed in 1837, and continued in that office about a year. He was fol lowed by Bev. John Ballard and Bev. Moses G. Grosvenor, who supplied the pulpit during the next three years, during which time ten members were received. Bev. Thomas T. Bichmond was installed as pastor in 1842, and continued thirteen years. Thirty-four were added to the church membership. Bev. Andrew Bigelow, D.D., was installed in 1855 ; he remained till 1866 ; during his ministry seventy- one members were received. After Dr. Bigelow re signed, the pulpit was supplied for a year by Rev. Chester Bridgman, who received ten persons to fellowship. In 1869 Bev. J. M. B. Eaton commenced his labors as acting pastor. In 1873 the meeting-house was repaired, newly furnished, and a chapel built, at a total expense of four thousand five hundred dollars, of which sum about three-fourths was furnished by Mr. F. D. Ellis. In 1876, Mr. Eaton was succeeded by Eev. Wil liam H. Cobb, and the same year the church edi fice with all its contents, together with the chapel, was totally destroyed by fire. The present house of worship was built in 1877, its total cost, including furnishing, being about ten thousand dollars. The parsonage was built in 1879. Rev. George H. Pratt became pastor in 1879 ; he was succeeded in 1883 by Rev. Wilbur Johnson. 452 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. DANIEL D. CURTIS. Daniel D. Curtis, son of Bracey and Eliza (Day) Curtis, was born at Kennebunk, Me., Jan. 19, 1830. His father was a farmer, and descended from an old and honorable English family, but his means being limited, Daniel, like most of the farmers' sons of that time, was obliged to go into the world and seek his fortune. At the age of twenty-one he left the paternal home and State and came to Billerica, Mass., where he went to work on what was called the " Old Winning Farm." Here he remained two years, and then came to Medfield and engaged to work for Walter Janes, who was carrying on a very small business in a prim itive way, using his dwelling-house as a shop, manu facturing straw goods. Three years later the enter prise and business tact which young Curtis displayed induced Mr. Janes to take him into partnership, said partnership continuing until the death of Mr. Janes, twelve years later. Year by year the business had steadily increased, and at the time of Mr. Janes' death they were making about three thousand cases of goods per year, — a small business indeed, but it was the nucleus for what has since, through the skill and management of Mr. Curtis, grown to be one of the largest of its kind in the world. After the death of Mr. Janes Mr. Curtis formed a copartnership with H. A. Searle and G. F. Dailey, of New York City. Messrs. Searle & Dailey took charge of the New York department of the business, selling the goods, buying stock, etc., while to Mr. Curtis was left the supervis ion and direction of the manufacturing itself. He immediately took measures to increase the product, and from time to time made additions to the works. They made it a rule at the beginning only to do business with their own capital, never to venture beyond their means, but, however, to avail them selves of everything in the way of improved and labor-saving machinery as fast as it was invented. He also added the manufacturing of chip, lace, velvet, plush, satin, beaver, and felt hats, — in fact, everything in the line of ladies' head-gear, as they make that a specialty. They employ about two hundred men and one thousand women in the different departments of their work. A small part of their manufacturing, particularly in felts and beavers, is done in New York City. They manufacture on an average forty thousand cases per year, averaging four dozen bon nets or hats to a case. About nine months in the year they are turning out goods daily, the other three months they are occupied in getting up new "shapes," etc., and preparing for the coming seasons. The sales amount to at least a million dollars per annum, The firm-name at Medfield is D. D. Curtis & Co. ; at New York, Searle, Dailey & Co. In September, 1876, their factory was destroyed by fire. They immediately set to work erecting a new and much larger establishment, and ninety days after it was commenced it was ready for occupancy. It is a model structure, built on the most modern plan, with all conveniences and improvements. They have new machinery throughout, and nothing is omit ted that could possibly facilitate their work or advance their interests. In addition to the straw-works Mr. Curtis has a mill, where he cuts up every year a mil lion feet of lumber, all of which he has made into the boxes in which his goods are encased for the market. He also owns a large steam grist-mill, where is ground an average of two car-loads of corn per day, besides oats, barley, etc. He carries on agriculture on quite an extensive scale, owning a beautiful farm on the outskirts of the village of Medfield. Mr. Curtis married, in the autumn of 1860, Ellen, daughter of Jonathan and Clarissa Wight, of Medfield. They have four children, — Blanche E., Maude A., Bracey, and Daisy E. Mr. Curtis has proved him self to have in an eminent degree the characteristics indispensable to a successful business career, — pluck, judgment, and enterprise, and united with these an other quality not always possesssed by even successful men, liberality. While he has built up a very large and constantly-increasing business, he has at the same time been the foremost man of his town in all things tending to public improvement. The impression that is made on the stranger as he drives through the lovely village of Medfield is that of a happy, prosperous, and thoroughly enterprising community. It is not detracting from whatever spirit of enterprise may have been exhibited by any other citizen when we say that to Mr. Curtis more than any other man thanks are due for this impression. Mr. Curtis is noted for his genial disposition and generous charity, and is liberal in his political views. He has never held an office, and asserts that he never will. His life has been one of steady devotion to business. His success has been the natural result of his ability to examine and readily comprehend any subject presented to him, power to decide promptly, and courage to act with vigor and persistency in ac cordance with his convictions. V,San.,j.:l,S«--"' /!^0^§ OF CD. M. IKXUIKIIHIIIMIIILIL,, WS8.E,E;i!.B"y, DSlJi3S. WELLESLEY. 479 One of the most novel and interesting features of the place is probably the Italian garden, a very fine view of which is obtained from the upper terrace as seen in the illustration we give. The mode of treat ment here adopted in growing trees is rarely seen to any extent in this country, though often met with in Europe, and can only be successfully used when circumstances are favorable and appropriate for its in troduction in the decoration of gardens or public parks. Trees formally trained and clipped do not harmonize with those growing naturally, and when they are mingled together on a lawn they most de cidedly mar any attempt to enhance the beauty of the landscape, but when seen as planted in the Italian garden at Wellesley, in connection with the grand water view, some most striking and interesting effects are produced by this style of gardening. Standing on the npper terrace, seventy feet above the lake, the spectator looks down on a sharp sloping piece of ground, of over two acres, thrown into six terraces four hundred feet long, each reaching down to the water's edge and planted with a large number of evergreen trees pruned into a great variety of forms and deco rated with vases, balustrade and parapet walls. The garden was prepared in 1854, and the planting has been going on ever since, as trees of the required character cannot be procured at the nurseries, and their growth is necessarily very slow, being cut back once or twice every season to give them a compact and dense appearance ; but many of them have already attained a height of twenty to thirty feet, and are so high as to excite the interest and admiration of every visitor. The trees which have been used in this gar den consist of white pines, Norway spruces, junipers, retinosporas, larches, hemlocks, and arbor-vitses, and hedges of the two latter, one hundred and fifty feet long and ten to fifteen feet high, have not suffered in our coldest winters, though they have a northern exposure and the full force of our northwest winds over the lake. The labor in pruning is very great, stagings having to be constructed to reach the tops of the highest trees, and it must necessarily be largely increased when the next generation sees them double their present height. The kindly generosity which has thrown open for so many years to an admiring and grateful people these beautiful gardens has shown itself in a more marked manner even in the gift to the town of a beau tiful park, library building stocked with books, and a town hall by an indenture, of which the striking points may be briefly given, in which Mr. Hunnewell expresses his desire to " promote the prosperity of the town of Wellesley and the welfare and happiness of its inhabitants, and at the same time to advance the cause of sound learning, education, and letters," and therefore conveys to the inhabitants of the town of Wellesley a parcel of land of ten acres for a park, with buildings erected or to be erected thereon, to be used as a town hall and a public library, with the conditions that the grounds may be entered upon and improved by Mr. Hunnewell and the Wellesley Free Library Corpo ration, that the town shall keep in repair the buildings and the park in order, and that no additions or alter ations shall be made without the consent of Mr. Hunnewell or the Wellesley Free Library after his death. There is a further provision that the inhabit ants of the neighboring town of Needham may have access to the library under certain restrictions. The library has been in operation through the year 1883 ; has now over seven thousand books on its shelves, and a list of eight hundred takers. Mr. Hunnewell has also provided by his indenture a fund of twenty thousand dollars for the care of the grounds and library. The town of Wellesley is rectangular in shape, though somewhat irregular, being about four and one- half miles in length and about two and one-quarter in width. Its neighbors on the south are Needham and Dover, on the east the " Garden City," Newton, on the north Weston, and on the west Natick. Charles Biver flows along its entire eastern boun dary and for a short distance along its southwesterly limit. The Boston and Albany Bailroad runs through the town from east to west, with stations at Bice's Cross ing, Wellesley Hills, Wellesley, and Lake Crossing, and at the terminus of the Newton Branch at the Lower Falls. The excellent service of this road, the cheap fares and quick transit, with promised improve ments, combined with many natural attractions and advantages, make this a popular residential town for Boston business men and persons of literary tastes and refined leisure. The town, and more particularly the village of Wellesley Hills, has a wide reputation for healthful- ness, owing in great measure to its elevation, combined with the dryness of its soil and freedom from all mala rial and other unhealthful tendencies, and has been the resort for many years, by the advice of the best physicians, for persons afflicted with pulmonary com plaints. The charm of the town of Wellesley consists in its refined rural atmosphere, its pleasant homes, its delightful drives and its beautiful landscape scenery, and no enlarged description of its enchanting outlooks, its elegant residences, its public buildings, its hills and 480 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. vales, its calm waters and rugged ledges can be other wise than futile and unsatisfactory. The main street, named for our first President, and noticed with favor by Washington when he made his tour, in 1789, as a " good road," affords a notable drive, much of the way arched with trees, passing through our three villages, rising first to a view of the valley of the Charles, which all admire and artists love, by churches of va rious architecture and varied beliefs, with hills near and remote, crowned with villas of the wealthy, and woods stretching interminably apparently to the west and north, with Nonantum behind and Maugus by our side, to suggest to us romances of Indian life, and excite our sympathy for the sufferings of the red men, by the former home of W. G. T. Morton, the discoverer of that greatest of boons to human sufferers, sulphuric ether, by the colleges the monument more enduring than brass, of Henry F. Durant, by the beautiful Lake Waban, Lake of the Wind, named for Eliot's first convert, by the elegant villas of the Hun- newells to the limits of the busy town of Natick. Two conduits of the Boston Water- Works mar the landscape in general, but in a few places, as the long viaduct across Waban Brook, the gate-houses at either end of the siphon on the new works, and the bridge across the Charles on the old, add beauties of archi tecture to the natural scenery. Local historic associations are not numerous, and are mainly connected with Indian names and history. Maugus Hill, named for an Indian called Magos, of whom but little is known, save that he deeded land about Maugus Hill to the town of Dedham in 1681. Nehoiden, the name of the post-office at Wellesley Hills for a short time, was also the name of an Indian who transferred his claim to the tract of land of which Wellesley was a part to the inhabitants of the town of Dedham, and many other names pre served in names of organizations and in names of farms and country-seats. The " Hundreds," already become the fashionable location for residences, was named from the amount of land in the divisions of the country, including the present village of Wellesley Hills, the tract of wood land now known as the Hundreds, the school-farm of Dedham, and Needham Leg, about three thousand five hundred acres in all. What is now the village of Wellesley Hills was included almost wholly in the tract of land assigned to Capt. Daniel Fisher, of Ded ham, who took Sir Edmund Andros by the collar and drew him from his place of refuge back to Fort Hill in the Bebellion of 1689. This division of land was made in 1699. There are many local associations which in a town history would be in place as of interest which cannot find room here. The historical associations with the names of the residents of Wellesley are numerous and interesting and should they be freely chronicled would embrace in their, narration the most important events in American history. Probably Andrew Dewing was the first settler with in the town limits of Wellesley, and erected a garrison- house about 1660. This name we find preserved in local and military history, the name is found in the list of Revolutionary soldiers, and one of the family was in the war of the Rebellion, the present assessor of that name. The Fullers, always one of the most influential families of the place, derive their origin from Thomas Fuller (a member of whose family very early built a house near the town line), a representative to the General Court as early as 1686, whose son was wounded in the Narraganset war, and whose descend ants were conspicuous in the earlier and later wars and in civil life as well, — William, Henry A., Warren, and Andrew serving in the war of the Rebellion. The Wares, another well-known family, have always had their representatives in church, town, and military matters, one of whom has left a very valuable journal of his journey to Quebec under Arnold, in 1776. The Kingsburys, descendants probably of Joseph Kingsbury, of Dedham, furnished one of their num ber as captain of a company which fought at the battle of Lexington, and a noble child of the house, Wil liam H., died in the last war, while Dexter has held town offices for many years. The Mills, one of whom was killed (and the only one living within the limits of Wellesley who was killed) in the Lexington fight, and the Smiths freely represented in the Revolutionary and Rebellion con tests ; Daniel, the first deacon of the West Needham Church, represented in all places of honor and works, with a female ancestor captured and scalped by the Indians and the last with us well known as legislator, moderator, and assessor; the Flaggs, synonym for town officer ; Fiskes, old residents of the Leg, and builders of our best old homes, now represented by the present chairman of the school committee, and a captain of artillery in the late war ; the Stevens, faithful and true, one of whom died in the wretched Libby prison, at Richmond ; the Jennings, ancestors of our present town treasurer, whose first American ancestor was killed in a Pequot fight, 1633; the Slacks, later but influential through the influence of Squire Benjamin Slack, the last generation repre sented by Capt. C. B. Slack in the war of the Re- WELLESLEY. 481 hellion ; the Lyons, eminent as manufacturers and farmers, with two of the family on the muster-roll of the Forty-fourth Massachusetts Regiment ; the Hunt ings, descendants of John Hunting, the first elder of the Dedham Church, with three of the last generation in the late war, — Willard dying in prison, all have done their share in honest faithful work to enhance the reputation of their town and make the world better for their living in it. Though the town is not a manufacturing town, there are several factories of consequence from their antiquity as well as from the amount of business which they do. As long ago as 1704 Benjamin Mills located a saw-mill about where the Dudley Hosiery Mill now stands and below a natural dam which was enlarged by rude additions. His sons joined him, and other mills followed. Below, at the site of the shoddy mill of Bichard Sullivan, Ephraim Jackson first es tablished his business, followed by William Hoogs. The present larger manufactories are the hosiery mills, the paper mills of Mr. Bice, the shoddy mill of Mr. Sullivan, and the chemical factory of Billings & Clapp at the Lower Falls, the shoe-factory of Tucker & Son at Wellesley, and the paint-factory of Mr. Woods, whose production of colors have increased from six pounds to six tons per day. The Educational Institutions.— The earliest schools for many years were probably taught in pri vate homes whenever it was most convenient, but the first house built for that purpose was probably erected in 1728 by William Chubb, by subscription, costing thirty-one pounds ten shillings, and stood about where Mrs. G. W. Shaw's house now stands, Wellesley Hills. The first school-house in Wellesley Village stood near where Mr. Solomon Flagg's barn now is, and several school-houses in succession have been built on the same site in the North District. At pres ent there is one high school with forty-eight scholars and three teachers ; three grammar schools, three in termediate, three primary, and one ungraded school at Unionville, all containing about three hundred and seventy-five scholars. There have been several private schools in the his tory of the town, one kept by W. H. Adams, of more than local repute, about 1846 to 1852 ; one by Miss Thayer about 1820. The preparatory school of the Misses Eastman, with seventy scholars and a corps of fourteen teachers, with large accommodations, has a most promising career before it. A small private family school is kept at Wellesley Hills, by Miss Chesboro ; but, of course, the crowning educational jewel and the pride of our town is Wellesley College, which deserves and receives an extended description. 31 Churches and Parishes. — After the incorporation of the " West Precinct," already alluded to, the pov erty engendered by the war proved a serious impedi ment in the way of church advancement ; and it was not till after 1797 when eighteen families were added to the parish by the annexation of a part of Natick by act of the Legislature, that the inhabitants felt strong enough to institute a church organization. The church was formally " embodied" Sept. 6, 1798, with ten members. Mr. Thomas Noyes, a na tive of Acton, son of one of the Acton men in the Concord fight, a graduate of Harvard College (1795), was ordained July 10, 1799. The only descendants of Mr. Noyes living in Wellesley are a granddaughter, Mrs. F. M. E. White, wife of Hon, George White, judge of probate of Norfolk County, with their ¦ three children. He was pastor till July 9, 1833. The first deacons were Joseph Daniell and William Bigelow. His suc cessor was Joseph W. Sessions, ordained Oct. 2, 1833, dismissed May 31, 1842; succeeded, Oct. 6, 1842, by Bev. Harvey Newcomb, dismissed July 1, 1846; Andrew Bigelow, July 7, 1847, to Feb. 2, 1853 ; A. B. Baker, Jan. 1, 1856, dismissed 1861 ; George G. Phipps, Jan. 23, 1868, dismissed April 1, 1878; P. D. Cowan, April 9, 1879, the present pastor. The church building was renewed and dedicated Jan. 1, 1835, and this building was sold and a new one erected in 1868, the old building having been moved and presented by Charles B. Dana to Wellesley College, and named Dana Hall. The church at Wellesley Hills (Grantville) was built in 1847, and the church was organized Feb. 24, 1847, with thirty members. John Batchelder and Reuel Ware were chosen deacons, and Rev. Harvey Newcomb was installed as pastor Dec. 9, 1847, and dismissed Nov. 8, 1849 ; Rev. William Barrows, set tled Aug. 22, 1850, dismissed Jan. 22, 1856; Edward S. Atwood, settled Oct. 23, 1856, dismissed Sept. 21, 1864 ; Charles H. Williams, settled July 25, 1867, dismissed Dec. 29, 1868 ; James M. Hubbard, settled Dec. 29, 1868, dismissed Jan. 13, 1874; J. L. Har ris, settled June 18, 1874, dismissed Dec. 21, 1875 ; Jonathan Edwards, settled March 1, 1876, the pres ent pastor. The church was remodeled in 1877. The Grantville Unitarian Society was gathered in December, 1869, and engaged Bev. A. B. Vorse to preach to them. He has continued as their preacher to the present time. In February, 1871, the society purchased Maugus Hall, and have continued its use as their chapel. The Catholic Church, near the Lower Falls, was opened for services April 18, 1875, and dedicated by 482 HISTOBY OF NOBFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. Archbishop Williams May 8, 1881. Bev. Michael Dolan has been its pastor to the present date. A Methodist Church was built on Pine Plain, now known as Unionville, in 1 800, and preaching, largely by circuit ministers, was had for over forty years. George Pickering was the first preacher, a man of power and fame in his later ministry. There are many reminiscences of preachers, sermons, and reli gious harmony and quarrels, which can find no room here. The first post-office in the town was established in 1830, with Charles Noyes, son of Parson Noyes, as postmaster, in a little shop where the postmaster con ducted his business, that of an optician. The mail was brought once in two days, by the Uxbridge stage, and known as West Needham Post-office. It is now known as Wellesley, and, with W. H. Flagg as post master, has an average of one thousand letters per day to deliver. The post-office at Wellesley Hills was established as Grantville, in November, 1851, with W. H. Adams as postmaster, and was kept in his house, in which was also a school. It is now kept by Miss Mary P. Austin, with an average of two hundred letters dis tributed daily. Meridian Lodge of Masons was organized at the Lower Falls, in a hall in a building owned by John Pulsifer ; declined in anti-Masonic days ; was removed to Natick, where it is now a flourishing lodge. Sincerity Lodge of Odd-Fellows was organized in 1875 in Wellesley, and is now in excellent condition, with (1883) Freeman Phillips as chief officer and sixty-four members. The Wellesley Soldiers' Club, George H. Robbins commander, composed of soldiers who served in the late war, succeeded Grand Army Post No. 62, and has about twenty-five members. Very much matter which would naturally be looked for in a work like this respecting early history will be found in the history of the town of Needham, while numberless historical memoranda of great local interest and of great interest to families and individ uals are necessarily shut out from want of space and the general character of the work. CHAPTER XXXVIII WELLESLEY- ( Continued). WELLESLEY COLLEGE. BY REV. D. S. HODMAN. As an illustration of one of the developments in the intellectual life of our country Wellesley College stands pre-eminent and worthy of note. It was founded by a single individual for the higher educa tion of women. Its first corner-stone laid only thir teen years ago (1871), it already contains the largest number of students in any college for young women in the world. It is in a location which, for suitableness and influ ence, it would be difficult to surpass ; has buildings unexcelled for convenience and beauty; a body of trustees composed of some of the most prominent WELLESLEY. 483 friends of education in the land ; libraries containing more than twenty-five thousand volumes, to which large additions are constantly made; scientific apparatus and other appliances of most approved construction ; and what is far more important, an able corps of professors and teachers ; class-rooms affording illustra tions of great principles and methods in education, and four hundred and eighty students eager to avail themselves of the highest advantages the institution can offer. The Founder.— Henry Fowle Durant, the founder of the college, was born in Hanover, N. H., Feb. 20, 1822. He entered Harvard College at the age of fifteen, and was graduated in 1841. Having studied such business connections as might afford him means for beneficent objects, confronting the question, " How can I best serve God in my day and generation ?" In his wife he had a noble Christian inspirer, helper, and friend. Their wealth was consecrated to God. How best to use it in his service was the question. He now carefully studied the various forms of benevolent efforts, and moved among men an observer of society and its many needs. The decision was finally made to found an institu tion of Christian learning for young women. With this new purpose Mr. Durant's native gifts, intense nature, energy of will, sound judgment, keen percep tion, persistency of purpose, his executive ability, EAST LODGE. law, he was admitted to the bar in 1843. Eminently gifted with the talents that insure success, he soon became a lawyer of lucrative practice and fame. In 1854 he was united in marriage to Pauline Adeline Fowle, daughter of Col. John Fowle, late of the United States Army. While in the prime of life and in a career of bril liant achievement, his son, a boy eight years old, of fine promise and beautiful character, suddenly died (1863). This event, under the influence of God's Holy Spirit, changed the governing purpose and direction of his life. With characteristic decision he became the man of Christian spirit and endeavor. He relin quished his practice at the bar, and retained only literary and cultivated taste, all were brought into requisition, and indicated the man for the work, the work for the man. The magnificent institution at Wellesley is the result. " Never," says Dr. Howard Crosby, " was any great institution more completely the work of one man. To Mr. Durant belongs the credit of the plan and the execution, as well as the pecuniary gift." Location. — Wellesley College is situated on the banks of Lake Waban, in Wellesley, about one mile from the railway station. The grounds comprise three hundred and thirty-one acres of meadow and wood land, of lawn and glade, with a mile of frontage on the lake. 484 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. The commonly-used entrance, one-half a mile from the station, is marked by a lodge and gateway of great beauty. The lodge is of the Elizabethan style, built of irregular rubble work of granite in various colors, with trimmings of Nova Scotia freestone. Passing through the gateway, you enter an avenue bordered with elms. Sweeping through an evergreen grove by a circuitous way, you have glimpses of Simpson Cottage on an elevation upon the right ; of Stone Hall, a massive pile of brick, upon the left. Skirt ing an old forest of oaks, you pass the College of Music, and soon reach the main building on a rising knoll, overlooking the waters of the lake. On the 18th of August, 1871, the first stone of these foundations was laid at the extreme northeast corner by Mrs. Durant. On the 14th of September, Mrs. Durant also laid the corner-stone at the north west corner. This was done without public ceremo nial, but in a manner characteristic of the spirit of the founders, and significant of the principles that actuated them and of the designs that were to be carried out. The Main Building'. — This, the first in construc tion, is in the form of a double Latin cross. The length is four hundred and seventy-four feet. To this is added a building containing gymnasium, laun dries, and kitchens, extending one hundred and twenty- five feet. The width of the wings is one hundred and seventy feet. There* are in the main four stories, at points extending into five, the whole crowned with a mansard roof, and set off with spires, towers, bays, porches, and pavilions. The architecture is in the style of the Renaissance. The material is brick, laid in black mortar, with Nova Scotia freestone trimmings. The main parti tion walls throughout the building are of brick, with fire-proof floors in the library and chapel. The win dows are varied in size and form ; the window-heads semi-circular, with flat arches. The ends of the arms of the cross are carried up in pavilions and covered with French roofs, the whole producing an irregular but harmonious exterior that is beautiful but not finical, substantial but not unwieldy. Dignity, grace, and repose are the general effect. The main entrance is through a porte-cochere, or portico of Nova Scotia freestone. This is sup ported by twelve massive pillars of the same material. Over the portal is the monogram, " I. H. S." The central hall is one hundred and seventy feet in length and sixty feet in width. This is crossed at right angles by a corridor that extends a distance of four hundred and seventy-four feet, meeting a like corri dor and opening in each wing. This hall, at the place of intersection, opens loftily up seventy feet to a glass roof that surmounts this central space, thus distributing the cheery light through all the corri dors. Around this space at every story run galleries supported on the lowest floor by a colonnade of ten polished Hallowell granite columns, which are sur mounted by foliated marble capitals, and on the floors above by fluted iron columns with Corinthian, capitals. Around this area at the several stories are balus trades of different ornamented patterns, and finished'in a varied and attractive style. From above the ob-. server looks down upon an immense jardiniere on the lowest floor that rises from a mosaic of marble tilings. This is of graceful, irregular outline, filled with earth and planted with palms, tree-ferns, and tropical flora in rich luxuriance. This entrance hall and the many corridors to the topmost story are enriched with paintings, engravings, sketches, casts, and statuary. Among these are the famous " Gibraltar'' of R. Swain Gifford, a marine painting by Arthur Quartley, a flower piece by Mario Nuzzi (1603-1673), " The Cumsean Sybil" by Ved- der, and other paintings and sketches by Kennett, Bellows, Parsons, Magrath, Ellen Robbins, Edward Frere, Otto Gunther, Zangower, Keith, Bristol, Head, Smiley, Hart, Lambinet, and others. It was the wish and good judgment of Mr. Durant not to seclude these in an art gallery only for special exhibition, but to place them where they would con stantly educate taste, awaken thought, and render this temporary home more beautiful and attractive. The broad and central stairways with their carved balustrades of ash and treads of oak, the floors of oiled cherry, are examples of the thoroughness of the con struction of the whole building. The stairways in the east and west wings are similar to the central. The halls and corridors correspond on every floor. The whole arrangement is on the simplest plan and in the most convenient form for access. The interior wood-finish is of western ash. The students' rooms are in suites of a bedroom and parlor, occupying a space about twenty by fourteen feet, and intended for two. They vary in form and size, are cheerful and pleasant, more than half looking out upon the lake and having a southern exposure, the others fronting the avenue that approaches the col lege. A few larger parlors with two bedrooms accom modate three or four pupils. There are also a few single rooms. Pretty carpets are upon the floors. The furniture is of black walnut. On the right of the main entrance is the " Brown ing room," and on the left are the " reception-room" WELLESLEY. 485 COLLEGE LIBRARY. and the general office. In the eastern end, upon the first floor, is the library. This room is fifty by seventy-seven feet in size. It is characterized by beauty of proportions, convenience for study, and wealth of material. To the scholar it is a most at tractive room for treasures " both new and old." It is estimated that there is shelf-room for fifty thousand volumes. It already contains twenty-five thousand, all easily accessible and well catalogued. The lower alcoves are furnished with chairs and tables, as in the main room. Those above are reached by three spiral stairways. The entire finish is in black walnut. This room is intended to be fire-proof, and is separated from the main building by doors of iron. The suite of rooms belonging to the president, and the young ladies' parlor, are at this end of the build ing. The chapel is a fine audience-room,' directly over the library. There is seating capacity for six hun dred and fifty. A gallery extending the width of the room is entered from third floor. This room is finished in black walnut, and richly frescoed. Ornamental trusses interlaced over the chancel sup port the roof. Transverse beams divide the ceiling into panels, which are handsomely frescoed. In the rear of the platform is a memorial window, consisting of two pictures made by Berkhart, at Munich, and presented to the college by Governor and Mrs. William Clafflin, in memory of a daughter who died in Bome. In the western end, on the first floor, is the dining- hall. This will accommodate three hundred and fifty. It is finished in hard wood, and lighted by eighteen arched windows. It communicates with the domestic hall that is specially fitted to facilitate the domestic work. The appointments in this part of the building are of a complete and finished character. The laundry is furnished for cleansing and drying clothes by steam. Excellent facilities, in a separate room, are provided for young ladies who wish to do their own laundry-work. The building is warmed by steam. Fresh air is constantly admitted into the basement; heated by contact with steam-radiators, charged with moisture by the addition of a prescribed quantity of steam, it is distributed through the building. Every study-parlor has its separate flue, and the register enables the occu pant to regulate the heat at her pleasure. It is gen erally conceded that there is no public building in the country better warmed and ventilated. The building 486 HISTOBY OF NOBFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. is lighted by gas, manufactured upon the college prem ises, and conducted into every room. German student- lamps are also furnished for every study-parlor. Water is supplied in great abundance from four artesian wells. Hot and cold water is provided in every part of the building. Bathing-rooms are at convenient points in every story. A steam passenger-elevator is in use day and evening. The drainage, natural and arti ficial, is faultless. Four years were occupied in the erection of this building. All was done under the constant and scrutinizing supervision of Mr. Durant. He spared neither expense nor effort to secure the utmost pos sible degree of excellence in all its appointments. The best materials and the most thorough workmanship were everywhere made a first consideration. More than seven millions of brick, and twenty miles of steam, water, and gas-pipes were used in the construc tion. Its fine proportions, exquisite symmetry, the response of the interior to the expectations awakened by the exterior, the excellence of its general plan, the refined nicety of its details, the elegance and sim plicity that characterize it throughout the combination of so many fine qualities make the adaptation to its destined use almost perfect. It is justly considered the master-piece of Mr. Hammatt Billings, Boston's ablest architect. On Sept. 8, 1875, this building was opened with three hundred students. This faculty was represented by Miss A. L. Howard as president, associated with twenty-nine professors and teachers. A charter had been obtained, in 1870, from the State. The establishment of such an institution in this part of the country, unique in conception, high in aim, Christian and progressive in spirit, reasonable in expense, fully equipped by one individual, marked an era in the history of education. It proved a great incentive throughout the land, and indeed throughout the world. The fifth year (1879- 80) opened with three hundred and seventy- five students, and the sixth (1880-81) with three hundred and seventy-two. There were more applicants than could be received. It was evident that other buildings must be erected. Dana Hall, a build ing in the village that had been presented to the college by C. B. ^-^ Dana, was filled by members of the teachers' class, and by graduates. Stone Hall.— At this juncture Mrs. Valeria G. Stone, of Maiden, Mass., gave one hundred thousand dollars to the college, to be expended in the erection of a SQ--* building for teachers, to be called " Stone Hall." The corner-stone was laid May 27, 1880 ; and in September, 1881, it was opened the reception of students. This building is of three stories, its walls of brick, and orna- • mented with terra-cotta. The interior partitions are of brick without wood furrings. The ' external walls are vaulted with eight-inch spaces ; and the corridor walls are built with flues for ventilation and heating ; the latter communicating with hot-air chambers in the basement. It is arranged for a family of one hundred students, all having separate apartments. There are four din ing-rooms, a kitchen, and laundry. It has a parlor and reception-room, and is intended to provide all the requisites of a home. Stone Hall occupies the entire summit of a knoll overlooking the lake. College of Music— The increasing demands for greater facilities in the study and practice of music M?mm to WELLESLEY. 487 Not led to the erection of Music Hall. The expense was incurred by Mr. Durant. The corner-stone was laid June 10, 1880, and it was opened for use in Juue, 1881. It is of brick, contains thirty-eight music-rooms for practice, with a hall for choral singing. The floors are deafened : double partition-walls, with double doors, are designed to prevent the transmission of sound between the rooms. The seventh year (1881-82) opened with four hundred and fifty students. The erection of Stone Hall and the College of Music, with the occupancy of Wabau Col lege, rendered this number possible. This year (1881) was rendered painfully memorable in the history of the college by the death of its founder. From the begin ning of the undertaking his cares had been unremitting, his labors great and incessant. With untiring energy he had devoted himself night and day to the most minute details incident to the foundation and establishment of a great seat of learning. only during all the work of planning and construc tion, but for the six years between the opening of the college and his death, he gave the whole strength of soul, mind, and body to it. The result was inevi table, that so putting his life into the college, he should lay down his life for it. He died at Wellesley, Oct. 3, 1881, ten years after the laying of the first corner stone. He had lived to see, if not the full accomplish ment of his purpose, yet more than is given to most men to see of the fruit of his labors. He had seen an idea dear to him take root, gather material forces around it, emerge from the darkness, make itself known, recognized, felt, a power in the world for good. His loss was deeply felt in every department. The inspiration of his presence, his unwearied interest, his constant thoughfulness are daily missed. Miss Howard having resigned, Miss Alice E. Free man was appointed president. Cottage System. — It being the aim of the college to provide for its students the best environments as well as the best instruction within its power, two systems, each having peculiar advantages, were se lected. The founder erected at great expense one of the most convenient and beautiful buildings for edu cation in the world, within whose walls can be col lected three hundred and fifty teachers and students, and as many conveniences for study and improve ment as can well be grouped together under one roof. But knowing that some find the strain and tension incident to intercourse with so many too great, cot tages have been designed, in which those who prefer may find quiet, and at the same time enjoy all the advantages of the institution. COLLEGE OF MUSIC. Simpson Cottage was erected on one of the fine sites within the grounds, at a cost of about twenty- five thousand dollars. It was the gift of Mr. M. H. Simpson, in memory of his wife, who was an earnest friend, and one of the trustees, of the college. It was opened in September, 1882; will accommodate twenty-three students and a teacher. It is the design to group around the main build ing or in its vicinity — as soon as means are furnished — other similar cottages ; each, as far as its home-life is concerned, to be a distinct establishment, with its dining-room, kitchen, and parlors ; to be under the care of a lady of refinement and culture ; where stu dents will have even more than the quietness of an ordinary home. The eighth year (1882-83) opened with four hun dred and eighty-five students from thirty-nine States and countries. The requirements for admission for the next year were greater than in any previous year. The prepa ration of applicants has been of better quality year by year. The total number admitted this year (1883-84) is five hundred and four. The college, during these nine years, has given in struction to eighteen hundred and six students. They have been from every State in the Union except one (Nevada), and from Micronesia, Sand wich Islands, India, Turkey, Siam, Japan, Chili, Mexico, Canada, Nova Scotia, and New Bruns wick. 488 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. There have been graduated in 1879, 18; 1880, 41; 1881, 23; 1882, 28; 1883, 50; total, 160. Twenty-four students have entered upon work in the home and foreign mission fields, and many more are engaged in teaching or are holding other positions of influence in various parts of the world. The price of board and tuition (including heating and light), at first two hundred and fifty dollars per annum, has been necessarily raised to two hundred and seventy-five dollars. There are twenty-four scholarships of five thousand dollars each, the income from which is appropriated to aid-deserving students, under the direction of the Students' Aid Society. More than ten thousand dollars were thus applied during the past year (1882-83). The library has a fund of fifty thousand dollars. Funds are needed to retain the present low rate of board and tuition, to endow professorships, to purchase apparatus, to erect cottages for homes, a laboratory building, and an ob servatory. The property of the college and its administration are vested in a board of trustees, chartered as a per petual legal corporation, under the name of Wellesley College. The trustees are selected from the various evangelical denominations, several universities, col leges, and theological seminaries, the leading foreign missionary societies in the country, laity and clergy, ladies and gentlemen. Rev. Noah Porter, D.D., LL.D., is president of the board of trustees ; Rev. Howard Crosby, D.D., LL.D., vice-president ; Mrs. Henry F. Durant, treas urer ; Professor E. N. Horsford is president of the board of visitors. The faculty consists of seventy- three officers of government and instruction. There are fifty-three resident professors and teachers. Alice E. Freeman, Ph.D., is the president. The plan and methods of education pursued are based upon certain important features, the most prominent of which are : 1. The supreme importance of the moral character. 2. Health. 3. The highest development of the intellect com patible with health. 4. The practical usefulness of the individual. 5. The inexpensiveness of the course. Christian Influence. — It was the unswerving de termination of the founder that the college should be distinctively a Christian college. Its foundation would never have been laid by him if this object could not have been secured. The cross carved into the key stone spanning the entrance, and that which rises above the highest pinnacle of the noble pile, are only slight evidences, among many, of this purpose. It is still the aim of those who control that here art, science, and religion shall do their utmost to form Christian character, and impart to it wisdom strength, and beauty. The college therefore seeks Christian teachers, and the best Christian influences. It has arranged its curriculum so that, while it shall provide for the highest intellectual acquisition, it shall at the same time impart religious knowledge in a positive and practical manner, that its students may have some thing more than a sentimental basis for religious con victions. Prominence is given to the study of the word and works of God as the true basis of the higher edu cation. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. EMERY FISK. Emery Fisk, born in Framingham, in the State of Massachusetts, Feb. 27, 1803, was a descendant of Robert and Sybil (Gold) Fiske or Fisk, who lived at Broad Gates, Loxfield, Framingham, Suffolk County, England, whose son or grandson, David, with two nephews and their mother, came to Watertown about 1636, and there settled. David went to Wenham, and his descendants are to be found in Northeastern Massachusetts and in New Hampshire towns. Nathan, one of the nephews, married Susanna . He was one of the selectmen of Watertown in about 1674 or 1675. His fourth son, Nathaniel, was born July 12, 1653, and in 1677 married Mary Childs. Their son Nathaniel was born June 9, 1 678, and married Hannah Adams at Sherborn. Their third ' son, Moses, born June 29, 1713, married Mehitable Broad, of Needham, April 11, 1745. Their son Moses, born 1746, married (1775) to Sally , settled in Natick (Needham Leg) upon their mar riage. Their son Moses, the father of Emery, was born Jan. 4, 1776, and married Sybil Jennison, of Hillsborough, N. H., May, 1801, and settled in Framingham, where they remained till Emery, their oldest son, was fourteen, when they removed to Wes ton, having purchased the Abijah Fisk farm. After remaining here one year the family removed to Natick, purchasing a farm, bordering upon Dug and Long Ponds, of Calvin Fisk, a cousin of the head of the family. When about eighteen years of age Emery left home to carry on the farm of Chester Adams, and, upon Col. Adams removing to Dedham, f cy?^7-z^O £c^&, WELLESLEY. 489 he left him for the purpose of entering into a busi ness partnership with him. He remained in business in Dedham for several years. He married, April 16, 1828, Eunice Morse, of Natick, daughter of Adam Morse, and great-grand daughter of John Bacon, of Needham, who, as lieu tenant of a company, was killed near Menotomy, April 19, 1775, in the battle of Lexington. They removed to Needham (now Wellesley) in May, 1833, having purchased a farm of two hundred acres of Isaiah Fiske, a second cousin, and lived upon it the rest of his life. He was an honest, reliable citizen, of social, genial habits, of excellent judgment, cau tious in business, more given to comfortable enjoy ment of what he possessed than engaged in the acquire ment of money, though his income always exceeded his expenditures. He was greatly respected and his opinions were highly regarded by his neighbors and townsmen. He was selectman and overseer of the poor for several years of the town of Needham, and was representa tive of the town in the Massachusetts Legislature in the years of 1840 and 1841. He was elected and served as delegate to the convention for revising the Constitution of Massachusetts in 1853, and the ac quaintance he there formed with such men as Choate, Wilson, Morton, Eantoul, Butler, Burlingame, and others was a source of great pleasure to him so long as he lived. He was a Democrat in politics, and always attended the conventions of his party, State and local. He died May 17, 1868, leaving two children (six others having died in infancy), — the elder, Abigail Burgess, who married Augustus Eaton, and resides in Needham, and Joseph E., born Oct. 23, 1839, and living at the home place. He graduated at Har vard College in 1861, was in the war of the Bebellion (1862-65), a prisoner of war ten months, and dis charged as captain of artillery. He has been for many years a town officer ; was a representative in the Legislature in 1874, and a member of the Senate of Massachusetts in 1876-77. SOLOMON FLAGG. Solomon Flagg, a true product of Puritan stock, was born in Boston, Aug. 24, 1804. The next spring his father, who had kept one of the two victualing cel lars then known in Boston, removed to Needham, his native place, and opened a public-house on the spot and in the house where the subject of this sketch resides. He filled the office of town clerk and assessor for several years. His wife was a Brown, who was sister of Betty Brown, who gave a large property to the West Need ham Parish. One of the early associates of Mr. Flagg speaks of him " as a spruce young man, full of fun and frolic," and adds, " he still retains these characteristics." He assisted his father in keeping store and tend ing bar, but under guidance of friends and their own principles, himself and his brother totally abstained from the use of liquors, and very early joined the temperance movement championed by Hon. William Jackson, of Newton. The grandfather of Mr. Flagg, also named Solo mon, was present in the battle of Lexington, and served at other points during the war of the Bevolu tion. He held offices in the town of Needham. It is easy to trace the line of the family to Thomas Flagg, who came over from England before 1643, and settling at Watertown was selectman of that town in 1671, 1674-78, and died in 1697. Mr. Solomon Flagg having married Eliza Hall, had three children, — Charles Henry, who was killed by a sad accident while very young ; Charles Gay, who died, 1860, at the age of twenty-five; and George H. P., born March 12, 1830, who still survives, following the profession of dentistry with such skill and success that he has acquired an enviable reputation in his work, and amassed a fortune which enables him to indulge his father in every want and luxury in his declining years, and to place his familiar features in this his tory. In mature life Mr. Flagg united with the church of which for over fifty years he has led the choir with a voice familiar, not to his townspeople only, but to the inhabitants of the neighboring towns, who turned out by hundreds to do him honor on the celebration of his seventy-fifth birthday, under the auspices of the musical club of which he was a member. He was school-teacher for thirty-eight years in Needham, Dover, Natick, and. Sherborn, and there are few of the old natives of these towns who do not know him and respect him. Probably no person in Norfolk County, possibly in the State, has held public office so many years in the aggregate as Mr. Flagg, and it is well to put on record the facts of so remarkable a career in this respect. Mr. Flagg presents in his life the peculiarity of a man always in office, never an office-seeker ; a man of fixed opinions and beliefs, to which he always adhered, but by so doing never gave offense ; religious in his bearing and habits, yet very fond of fun and good 490 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. cheer ; careful not to give offense or notice an affront, and yet keenly alive to word or look ; appearing to be passive in public matters, but losing no opportunity to use his influence for the public weal. He has had and has much, very much, to do in shaping the affairs of his town, village, and church. He has lived to see many a faction die out and many a man of local in fluence shelved, genially smiling to himself at the failures, and filling oftentimes the gaps made by their subsidence. He was selectman of the town of Needham in 1833, 1842, 1843, 1846-49, seven years in all ; as sessor of Needham, 1832, 1833, 1839, 1845, 1857- 59, 1861-64, 1866-74, twenty years in all ; member of the school committee, 1831, 1845-51, 1857-61, 1864 -67, 1870-80, twenty-eight years in all. He was appointed town clerk Aug. 19, 1850, and held the office till the incorporation of Wellesley (1881), over thirty years, and was elected town clerk of Wellesley upon the organization of the town, and holds it to the present writing, his third year. He was appointed treasurer of the town of Need ham May 14, 1859, and elected every year till the incorporation of Wellesley, twenty-one years. He was elected as representative to the General Court in 1834, and again in 1861, where he assisted in patriotic preparation for resistance to rebellion. He has thus aggregated one hundred and eight years of service in public elective office. Besides, he has for over twenty years been justice of the peace, has officiated as commissioner in disputed cases, — a record without a parallel, I believe. No man will dispute BIr. Flagg's word or doubt his friendship, or find him treacherous or unfair. Even the bitterness following upon the division of the old town, and for which Mr. Flagg was an earnest worker, has not strained to the least degree the cords of friendship which had been so strong heretofore. Mr. Flagg's accuracy as a town treasurer has been such that no suspicion of incorrectness has ever been brought against his accounts, and the neatness and elegance of his records, as town clerk, have excited the attention and admiration of experts and State officials. The hope finally may be expressed : May he live as long as his ancestors, and preserve his youth as long as he lives. HENRY WOOD. The first of this branch of the Wood family to settle in America was Ephraim Wood, who was born in Dunstable, Bedfordshire, England, Dec. 21, 1783. Ephraim was a tailor, and followed that, business all his life. He was a very devout Christian, and a dea- con in Dr. Sharp's church in Boston. He had three brothers, — William, John, and Charles, — theeldestof whom was for a period of over thirty years pastor of the Baptist Chapel, Toddington, England, and died in 1864 at the age of eighty-one years. Ephraim married for his first wife, Sophia Ann Whitbread, who bore him three children, — George, Ephraim, Jr., and Henry (the subject of this sketch). She died April 12, 1812. In 1814, Ephraim married Jane Trigg. The children by this marriage were William, Joseph, Thomas, Frederick, Jane, and Charlotte. Ephraim was buried in his family tomb under St. Paul's Church, Boston. Henry Wood was born in Dunstable, Bedfordshire, England, Feb. 6,1811. His boyhood was passed at his home in England until the time the family came to America. His education was chiefly obtained in the common schools of Boston. He was early apprenticed to learn the paper-hanging and wall-staining business. During this apprentice ship he attended school in the winter at Ashby, Mass. Prior to the termination of his apprenticeship he bought his time from his employers and began the same business on his own account, and was successful. Becoming alarmed in the panic of 1837, he sold out his business and shortly after engaged in Philadelphia in the business of poultry -raising on an extensive scale, and by the use of an artificial incubator hatched out many chickens. This business proved to be a failure, for, while the hatching was a complete success, it was impossible to keep the chickens alive. Mr. Wood returned to Boston, and with characteristic en terprise started again in his old business. He also put to good use his knowledge of chemistry, as applied to the manufacture of colors, and found he could manufacture at a handsome profit. For the second time he sold out his paper-hanging business and com menced to make colors in a house on Middlesex Street, Boston, doing the work by hand, producing from six to ten pounds of colors per day. About this time he purchased a farm in Grantville, Mass., now Wellesley Hills, the same being a part of the property now owned by Judge Abbott. Here he continued the manufacture of colors, and as the business increased he found it necessary to procure a place where power could be used, and leased of Charles Bice, of Newton, Lower Falls, a building where there was a water-power, and here enlarged his business, which soon became extensive and profitable. About this time Mr. Wood had a very severe sick ness, but slowly recovered, and while yet hardly con valescent news came of the total destruction of his color-works by fire, and as there was no insurance on -£''z#'.^/J4Hf»'",w WELLESLEY. 491 the property, in which nearly all of his money was invested, this loss was severely felt by him, bringing privations which were bravely borne by him and his family. It was at this time that the only cow was sold to furnish money to buy bread. Mr. Wood at once sought the aid of his friend, Curtis Haven, and by his timely assistance was able to establish himself again, by rebuilding on the site of the old works. In a short time, by reason of the increasing demand for his colors, Mr. Wood found it necessary to procure a more extensive place for manufacture, and selling his farm at Grantville, he purchased the water-power and grist-mill of Daniel Morse, at West Needham, now known as Lake Crossing, where the business so rapidly increased that it became necessary to make additions to the buildings from time to time. It was while manufacturing at Lake Crossing that Mr. Wood took into partnership his son, under the firm-name of Henry Wood & Son, and the business continued to be profitable and extensive. In 1866, Mr. Wood with drew from the firm and his son continued, taking for a partner Horace Humphrey, the new firm paying a royalty per pound to Mr. Wood up to the time of his death. Mr. Wood was the first man to make bricks of Portland cement and sand, with a slight mixture of lime, which bricks are now recognized to be more durable than most red bricks. He experimented with various machines for the manufacture of these bricks, and with varying success, and it was while making these experiments that he received a serious injury, occasioning the loss of three fingers of one hand and two of the other. Mr. Wood was thor oughly convinced of the value of these bricks, and the present condition of a chimney built of this cement mixture by him at Wellesley, in 1857, at tests the correctness of his judgment. The value of this material for building has been further developed by the Middlesex Stone Brick Company, organized by his son, Edmund M. The Union Cottage of H. H. Hunnewell, the Heckle House, at Newton Lower Falls, the residences of R. M. Pulsifer and E. B. Haskell, of the Boston Herald, and many other buildings in the vicinity of Boston were built of this material. Henry Wood also started a flax industry in the western part of New York, which, however, did not prove to be a success. Mr. Wood was not active in politics. He was a Bepublican, and an ad mirer of William Lloyd Garrison, Charles Sumner, and Wendell Phillips. In religion Mr. Wood was reared a Baptist, as were his ancestors, and early in life made a study of the Bible. Later in life he be came quite liberal in his views on religious subjects. He was generous in his donations to charitable ob jects, even though they were directed by religious societies that did not hold the same views that he did. Early in life Mr. Wood developed a fondness for music, and often amused his schoolmates, and, in later life, his children with songs and stories. He used often to speak of his extravagance in having paid the sum of twelve dollars to hear Jenny Lind sing in the Fitchburg Bailroad Hall during her first visit to America. Henry Wood married for his first wife Lois B. Rice, who died leaving no children. His second wife was Catharine Frances Jennings, who died Feb. 23, 1836. By this marriage there were two children, — Catharine Frances, who died in infancy, and George Henry, who is still living. Aug. 14, 1836, Mr. Wood married Eliza Hanson Comsett, daughter of William and Mehitable Comsett. By this marriage there were born Edmund M. (1), Martial Duroy (2), Ephraim Albert (3), Sophia Ann Whitbread (4), Martial Franklin Horton (5), and Louis Francis (6). The versatility of Mr. Wood is shown in the fact of the establishment of the various enterprises here named, and his determined and resolute manner helped him over many « hard spot in his business experiences. While for the early portion of his life he had used liquors and tobacco, on being solicited by a temperance friend to abolish their use he prom ised to do so, and throwing his tobacco and liquor out of the window, never again used either, and from this time became active in the cause of the Sons of Temperance. Mr. Wood was generous to the poor and needy, but in a quiet, unostentatious way, as shown by papers found by his executor, which gave evidence of numerous charities of which even his own family were ignorant. He won the respect of all who knew him by his honesty, integrity, and goodness of heart. Mr. Wood often alluded in a feeling manner to the self-sacrificing character of his beloved wife, Eliza (now living), to whose devotion was due much of the success of his life. Her gentleness of manner served as a counterpoise to his decided nature, and produced a pleasant harmony in household affairs. While doing all the household work for the large family, and practicing strict economy in management, still, with a happy heart and a melodious voice, she made many a dark day full of sunshine and happiness, and gave to her husband and children sympathetic and practical encouragement. Mr. Wood, after a short sickness, died suddenly, of gastritis, at his residence in Boston, May 2, 1881, at the age of seventy years, and was buried in the family lot in Mount Auburn Cemetery. 492 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. JUDGE WHITE, OF WELLESLEY. Judge White, the subject of this sketch, was born in Quincy. He is a lineal descendant of Thomas White, of Weymouth, who was one of the earliest settlers in that town. This Thomas White was born in 1599. The time of his coming to this country is unknown, and his birthplace also, but probably Wey mouth, England. In the allotment of land at Wey mouth in 1636 he received twenty-one shares. He was admitted freeman in 1635. He was captain of a military company, and for several years a representa tive in the Legislature. He was a member of the memorable court of November, 1637, which voted to banish Mrs. Ann Hutchinson " from out of. our juris diction as being a woman not fit for our society." He was often an appraiser of estates, and in a case of public interest he was appointed referee by the Gen eral Court. His autograph will, now on file in the Suffolk Registry of Wills, attests a legal turn of mind. Among his posterity are found, Samuel White, of Taunton, who was born in Braintree and graduated from Harvard College in 1731. He was the first barrister-at-law in Taunton. He presided over the House of Bepresentatives during the period of the Stamp Act. He was of his Majesty's (George III.) Council three years, ¦'' and a man of fine personal ap pearance, of great sagacity, an eloquent speaker, and of irreproachable morals." Francis Baylies, the his torian, of Plymouth County, and William Baylies, his brother, an eminent lawyer, the compeer of Webster, and often pitted against him in the trial of causes, were the grandchildren of Samuel White. Samuel Sumner Wilde (whose grandfather was born in Braintree), a justice of the Supreme Judicial Court of this State, "whose judicial career," says Judge Shaw, " was unexampled by its length, its brilliancy, and its purity." Lemuel Shaw, chief justice of the same court for upwards of thirty years, whose grandmother, Silence White, was born in Braintree. Jonathan White, the eminent lawyer of Plymouth County ; Caleb B. White, D.D., president of Wabash College, Indiana; his son, Charles B. White, the learned sanitarian of New Orleans ; and Thomas Crane, the founder of the Crane Memorial Hall and public library in Quincy, were also his descendants. Dr. Nathaniel White, of Weymouth, was the great- grandson of the same Thomas White. He was grad uated from Harvard College in 1725, was long a phy sician and surgeon in South Weymouth, and served as such in the French and Indian war. Nathaniel White, father of Judge White, was the great-grandson of Dr. Nathaniel White, and the fourth of that name. He was born in Weymouth, His mother was Mary, daughter of Thomas Hollis of Braintree. She lived to the great age of one hundred and three years. He married Mehitable Curtis daughter of Theophilus Curtis, the fourth of that name, a descendant probably of Deodatus Curtis, of Braintree. In early life Mr. Nathaniel White was engaged in the boot and shoe trade, and acquired a handsome fortune for those days. Later he entered the coal and lumber business, and lost heavily. This is men tioned merely for the reason that the cause of his loss bears evidence of the character of the man. The Native American party made its first appearance in our politics in the autumn of 1854, and ran its course in that and the two following years. During its ascendency it brooked no opposition, and with a bigotry of its own, persecuted what it deemed bigotry in others. Mr. White fell under the ban of this secret organization, to his great pecuniary loss, his usual cus tomers refusing to trade with him, thereby forcing him to carry for years, at constantly depreciating prices, a large stock of coal and lumber. Mr. White and his three sons, one of them the subject of this sketch, were of the few American-born voters of Quincy who stood up against that racial and religious persecution. In that small company were Charles Francis Adams, Sr., Gideon F. Thayer, Bev. William P. Lunt, Henry Wood, and Benjamin Curtis. Mr. Nathaniel White was an active member for many, years of the Universalist Society of Quincy, and contributed largely to its support, in personal labor and in money. He was one of .the first in Norfolk County to en gage in floriculture and in horticulture. He was passionately fond of flowers and fruits ; and on his few acres he cultivated the choicest species of flower ing-plants and many varieties of trees, both fruit and forest. He was a sportsman, skillful in the use of rod and gun. He knew well the fishing grounds on ponds and in the neighboring bays ; he was familiar with the haunts of the plover and the brant ; he owned a pack of hounds for hunting the fox and the deer. He kept a boat, and in quest of fish and water-fowl frequented the islands and headlands, the nooks and corners in Quincy, Weymouth, and Boston bays, imi tating, probably, in these things his ancestor, Thomas White, who more than two centuries before lived hard by, and plied his rude boat over the same waters and for the same purposes. Mr. White was known in the region round about ?ng ^TryAHRlicniz - ^cn^Q^ WELLESLEY. 493 for his fine horses, one of which was renowned for his fire and speed. With Deacon George Baxter and Ebenezer Bent, he represented Quincy in the House of Representatives in 1840. Mr. White was a man of marked individuality, of deep convictions and passions. His natural intelli gence was strong and masculine. He was utterly fearless in expressing his opinions, deferring very little to the opinions of others. He was a Democrat in sentiment and character as well as in a party sense. He voted for Gen. Jackson with all his heart, as his father did for Thomas Jefferson. Judge White was the son of Nathaniel and Mehit able (Curtis) White. He fitted for college at Phillips' Exeter Academy, then under Dr. Soule. He was graduated from Yale College in 1848, and from Har vard Law-School in 1850. He studied law with Hon. Robert Rantoul, Jr., and on his motion was admitted to the bar in the fall of 1851, and immediately after became his partner, with the firm-name of Rantoul & White. In April, 1851, the trial of Thomas Simms, the fugitive slave, occurred in Boston, — a trial memorable for the argument of Mr. Rantoul on the constitution ality of the fugitive slave law, and also as one of the exciting causes of the civil war ; and specially notable in the men who appeared in the case and the character istic parts which each performed. The court-house in which the trial took place had been converted into a prison for the custody of Simms, the State refusing the use of its jails for the confine ment of fugitive slaves. A hundred police officers guarded it as if it were a Bastile ; and Faneuil Hall was occupied for barracks by the police and soldiers, as was the old South Church by British soldiers in the Bevolution. The judges and officers of the law, and the persons having business in the courts, were obliged to enter the temple of justice on lowly-bend ing knees beneath the chains which encompassed it. Commissioner George Ticknor Curtis sat in the judgment seat. To the application of the counsel of Simms for time to examine the papers and prepare the case, the commissioner gave an emphatic refusal ; and to the unanswerable argument of Mr. Bantoul he turned a deaf ear, brandishing in his eyes the Con stitution as he understood it. In the mean time, pe titions for a writ of habeas corpus were made by Charles Sumner, Bichard H. Dana, and Samuel Se wall, and hearings were had on the same by Judges Shaw and Woodbury, but the prayers thereof were denied. Five days after this hearing Commissioner Curtis, first delivering an elaborate opinion on the constitutionality of the law, remitted Simms to slavery. After the death of Mr. Rantoul, Mr. White formed a connection with Hon. Asa French, subsequently the district attorney for Norfolk and Plymouth Counties, and now one of the judges of the Court of Commis sioners of Alabama Claims. This partnership con tinued until 1858. Mr. White took an active interest in the schools of Quincy, serving on the school committee for several years ; and also in the Unitarian Society of that town, acting on its parochial committees, and serving many years as teacher and superintendent of its Sunday- school. In 1851, with Gideon F. Thayer, founder of the Chauncy Hall School, he purchased and edited the Quincy Patriot. Mr. Thayer retired in less than a year, and Mr. White remained sole proprietor and editor until April, 1853. The grateful thanks of a gifted authoress for a favorable editorial on her works, and the hearty commendation of the chief justice of our highest court of an editorial on Gen. Jackson's famous saying, " the constitution as I understand it," constitute the only pleasant memorials in the mind of Mr. White of this brief digression from his profes sional pursuits. In 1853, Mr. White was elected a member of the Constitutional Convention from Quincy, with William S. Morton, Esq., as his associate. In this body he was author of the article in the proposed new consti tution relating to the House of Representatives. This article with all the others proposed were rejected by the people at the election which passed upon the work of the Convention, yet, in its principle, a few years afterwards, it became a part of the Constitu tion of the State. The opponents of the new Con stitution dwelt largely upon that part which changed the tenure of the judiciary from a life tenure to a period of ten years. Mr. White voted against this change, his opinion being that the judges should be elected by the people, but the tenure of their office should be during good behavior. Mr. White was elected president of the Young Men's Convention held at Worcester in 1857, which nominated Nathaniel P. Banks for Governor. Mr. Banks had been elected Speaker of the House of Representatives, at Washington, the year before, which was the first civic triumph on a national arena of the anti-slavery party in this country. Mr. Banks was elected Governor by a large majority. The organization which nominated and elected him drew into its ranks the anti-slavery men of this State of all shades of political opinion, and became in subsequent years an integral part of that imperial party which elected Abraham Lincoln President. 494 HISTOBY OF NOBFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. From Mr. White's opening address at the Conven tion we make this extract : " The ties of party, the recollection of defeats and triumphs, of common joys and common disappoint ments, in the service of party, have not bound young men together as with links of iron, nor have the gen erous sentiments of their youth and those dreams of liberty which their youthful studies cherished, died out of their hearts. This is a meeting of those who believe ' success is a duty,' of those who mean to achieve it, of those who believe what they have read is true, that our Constitution was ordained to protect and preserve the liberty of the people, and not to ex tinguish it ; and that, as in ancient times, under Au gustus, the spirit of absolute despotism became enthroned in the form of a Bepublic, so it may hap pen with us, if the men of this generation are unfaith ful to their consciences and their high ideals of liberty. " Mr. Banks has been tried on a national arena, and has gained one of the great honors of a national struggle. How well he discharged his duties we all know. He taught the country this useful lesson, that an ardent love of liberty is not incompatible with a full and faithful discharge of duty in national affairs, and how easy and safe will be the transition at a day, we trust, not very remote, when the administration of the national government shall pass into the hands of statesmen, whose sentiments and convictions shall be in consonance with those of the founders of the Con stitution, and therefore fundamentally the reverse of those who now administer it." In July, 1858, Mr. White was appointed judge of Probate and Insolvency for Norfolk County, which office he now holds. To become a judge of that court is, in many of its aspects, to become civiliter mortuus, to become a sort of father confessor, having to hear of broken fortunes and broken lives, of sorrow and distress, with a large authority to help the unfortu nate. This, however, is not the chief of his func tions. In the legislation of the last half-century there has been an ever-increasing tendency to extend the power of the Probate Court, so that now it has a larger jurisdiction than any like court in this country or in Great Britain, the object kept in view seeming to be to give that court exclusive original jurisdiction of all subjects of which it has cognizance, with right of appeal to the Supreme Court. Aside from his judicial duties, the chief employ ment of Judge White is in the management of trust estates. In politics, Judge White has followed, with unequal steps, his early friend, Robert Rantoul, Jr. Mr. Ran toul was taunted in his day with being a doctrinaire, which his friends construed as being a man in advance of his contemporaries on social and political questions. He was a strict constructionist. He had no respect for that mode of interpreting the Constitution which found in the incident a wider and more prolific author ity than was given in the original grant of power. He did not think the Constitution was a sacred ark for the preservation of slavery, nor did he agree with those who thought it a covenant with death and an agreement with hell. He held that trade and commerce should be free as the winds and waves, and that a protective tariff was a hindrance to such freedom. That it was a sys tem of monopolies, like in character to feudalism or slavery, kept up for the enrichment of the few at the sacrifice of interests of the many. Judge White married Frances Mary Edwena Noyes, only child of Edward Noyes, druggist, of Boston, junior member of the firm of Maynard & Noyes, and one of the founders of the Central Congregational Church in that city. Mrs. White was a great-great-grand daughter of Rev. Oliver Peabody, a graduate from Harvard College in 1721, and the first settled min ister in Natick, and successor to the Apostle Eliot, as preacher to the Indians. Mrs. White was a great- granddaughter of Dr. William Deming, of Wellesley. Her grandfather was Rev. Thomas Noyes, who was born at Acton, and was graduated from Harvard Col lege in 1795. He was pastor, for thirty-four years, of the West Needham (now Wellesley) Congrega tional Church. His father was with the Acton men in the Concord fight, on the 19th of April, 1775. All his grandsons living at the breaking out of the Rebellion joined the Union army, — Frank, Charles, George, and Thomas, — -all brave from a religious 'sense of duty. Every one was wounded in battle. George was permanently disabled by the hardships of war, Charles returned to his home to die from his wounds, Francis Henry was killed at Antietam, 1862, and lies there in an unknown grave. The mother of Mrs. White was Clarissa, the youngest of seven children of Benjamin and Sarah (Kingsbury) Slack. The ancestors of Mr. Slack came from Yorkshire, England, and settled in Bos ton in 1660. On the 19th of April, 1775, when twelve years of age, Benjamin Slack was taken, with the other junior members of his father's family, amid the flying bullets of the British, to Needham (now Wellesley Falls), where his descendants have to this day continued to live. He was a gentleman of the old school, given to hospitality, active in town and church affairs, faithful to the many trusts committed NORWOOD. 495 to his oare, a Unitarian in religion, and a Federalist in his politics. His only grandson, Charles Benjamin Slack, son of Thomas W. Slack, served in the Union army in the civil war, was first lieutenant in the Thirteenth Mas sachusetts Battery, Capt. Nims, was at the siege of Port Hudson, under Gen. Banks, and was wounded at Shreveport, in the Red River campaign. The children of Judge White are George Rantoul White (Harvard College, 1886), Mary Hawthorne White, Edward Noyes White. CHAPTER XXXIX. NORWOOD. BY FRANCIS TINKER. The town of Norwood was originally the South or Second Precinct of Dedham. The Neponset River forms its eastern boundary, and from its broad mead ows the land gently rises towards the west and north west, forming a warm and sunny slope, which is dec orated with tasteful and pleasant homes ; with church spires, and turrets from the more stately mansions, rising above the leafy canopy, presents to the eye of the beholder a panorama of quiet peace and beauty ; while the mind naturally turns back and asks who first smoothed these pleasant fields, and caused the "wilderness to blossom as the rose?" and the feeling springs up that the unrecorded history of one's town is like the unmarked graves of parents, evidences both the want of a proper respect and filial gratitude towards those who have gone before, and who may have sowed in tears where we reap in joy ; and if I can but succeed in recalling the names of those who acted so well their part, who aided, however humbly, in laying the foundation of our civil and religious institutions, or rescue from oblivion the memory of even one who gave his life for his country, I shall feel amply rewarded. Whose axe first broke the still ness of the forests, or from whose humble cabin the smoke first rose and curled, it may be impossible to tell; and if I should attempt to enter this field of inquiry, I might trespass upon what perhaps right fully belongs to another,1 and will pass directly to the first attempts made to secure the organization of a precinct, in order to erect a meeting-house for the public worship of God. The first petitions to the 1 Mr. Worthington, who writes the history of Dedham. " Great and General Court" were presented by John Everett and others, of Stoughton, and Joseph Smith and others, of Dedham, Dec. 23, 1726, and referred to a committee. The same bounds were described in these petitions as were subsequently granted. Orders of notice were served upon the towns mentioned ; but remonstrance was made, and these petitions were dis missed. The next is a petition of Joseph Ellis and others, stating the great difficulties under which they labor in being so far from church, and that they have applied to the town for their consent to be set off as a distinct precinct, or that the meeting-house be moved nearer to the centre of the town, which they have refused to grant ; and praying that a committee might be appointed by the court to consider their circum stances. This petition was referred to the next Gen eral Court, and Messrs. Peabody and Brown, with such as the honorable board shall appoint, were con stituted a committee at the charge of the petitioners, to repair to the northerly part of the town of Dedham and view the same, and report to this court on Tues day the fifth day of December next. On this petition, entered July 4, 1727, they report, — "That the Committee appointed by the Great and General Court, to take into consideration the circumstances of the Town of Dedham, and the petition of the southerly part of the said Town, having attended the said service, report as follows : That viewing the situation, and considering the circumstances, are of opinion that it will be inconvenient to grant the prayer of the petition at present; but for as much as it appears to the Committee that the major part of the petitioners labor under great difficulties in the winter season, in attending the Public Worship of God, by reason of their distance from the Meeting- House, the Committee propose that the Public Worship of God be performed by a Minister, to be provided by the petitioners, in some private house, as near the center as may be, for five months in the year, viz., November, December, January, Feb ruary, and March, and that there be allowed thirty shillings per Sabbath for the said service, the charge to be borne by the whole Town, and to continue until the further order of the Court, all of which is humbly submitted by order of the Committee. In Council accepted, in the House concurred in, and consented to by the Governor." From the records of the General Court it appears that sundry other petitions were received from John Everett, of Stoughton, Joseph Smith, John Guild, Samuel Everett, Samuel Bullard, James Fales, and Ebenezer Healy, of Dedham, and a committee ap pointed to report at the next session of the court, on what they think proper for the court to do in this whole affair. Nov. 19, 1729, the committee made the following report through their chairman, the Hon. William Dudley : " The Committee appointed by this Court to take under con sideration the several petitions (before referred to), and having been at ye Town of Dedham and Stoughton, and heard what ye several Parties had to say, as well as view the circumstances 496 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. of ye inhabitants, and their situation, Humbly report on ye whole their opinion as follows, viz.: that all that part of Stoughton lying on ye westward of Neponset River, and to the Northward of Traphole Brook, to Walpole line, be added to, and incorporated into the Town of Dedham, with all ye inhab itants, which with the Southern part of Dedham, we humbly are of opinion, be made into a distinct Township, the boundaries of ye whole to be as follows : beginning at a place called Pur gatory, on Neponset River, where it may most conveniently take ye house and home lot of Josiah Fisher, Jr. ; from thence to a place called the Cross ways, taking in ye house and home lot of John Hause; from thence so as to take in ye house and home lot of Lusher Gay ; from thence so as to take in ye house and home lot of John Baker; from thence to the line for the Precinct, at Springfield (now Dover), so as to take in the house and home lot of Amos Fisher; thence by ye said line to Bub bling Brook; and from thence to Walpole line; and by ye said line to Traphole Brook; and by ye said Brook to Neponset River; and by ye same to ye first mentioned station, and that ye petitioners have leave to bring in a bill accordingly. And whereas there has been, and still remains an unhappy difference among the inhabitants about placing a Meeting-House for the Public Worship of God, it is therefore humbly proposed that the said House may be ordered in such place and time as a Com mittee of this court shall appoint, so as to accommodate the in habitants of Dedham, or of all the inhabitants of this proposed Town, and the Committee propose that the Western part of Ded ham be set off by that Town for a Precinct, to be confirmed ac cordingly, and that the inhabitants thereof be allowed to con gregate, as now they do, till the further order of this court, Provided, they do their proportion of the charge of supporting a minister where they leave." This report was accepted, and ordered that Edmund Quincy, Esq., and such of the House of Representa tives shall appoint, be a committee for placing the meeting-house of the proposed town. "In Council October 3, 1730, Read and ordered that the Prayer of this petition be so far granted, as that the South westerly part of the Town of Dedham, together with the westerly part of ye Town of Stoughton, according to the Bounds expressed in the Report of a Committee of this Court, in December last, be erected into a township, and that the Pe titioners bring in a bill. Sent down for concurrence. "J. WlLLAKD, Secretary. " In the House of Representatives, October 8, 1730. "Read and concurred with the amendment, striking out Town, and inserting Precinct. Sent up for concurrence. "J. Quincy, Speaker. "In council, October 8, 1730. " Read and Concurred. "Oct. 8, 1730, consented to. 'J. Willard, Sec. "J. Belcher." By an additional act John Everett, " a principal inhabitant," was authorized to call the first " meeting of ye Precinct," and he served his warrant on each person qualified to vote, requiring them in his Ma jesty's name, to assemble at the house of John Ellis, Oct. 22, 1730, to choose precinct officers. At that meeting John Everett was chosen moderator ; James Fales, Jr., clerk; John Everett, James Fales, Jr., Ebenezer Healy, assessors, and instructed to call the meetings of the precinct. Nov. 9, 1730, fifty pounds were raised and appropriated to secure a preacher for six months, — three months to be at the house of John Ellis,1 and three months at the house of Na thaniel Guild, if it can be obtained ; if not, the entire time at the house of John Ellis. Joseph Ellis and John Dean were chosen a committee, and instructed to procure an " orthodox minister to preach the gospel." Ebenezer Dean was chosen treasurer, and Samuel Holmes, collector. At this second meeting it was ,: voted to build a Meeting-House for ye Public Worship of God in this Precinct ; to be forty feet in length and thirty-six in width, and erected at the centre of the Precinct ; and Ebenezer Dean, Joseph Ellis, William Everett, Nathaniel Guild, and Ebenezer Healy were constituted a building committee, and instructed to procure a frame fit to set up, or raise," and one hundred pounds were granted for that pur pose. Jan. 20, 1731, chose Joseph Ellis '' and Sam uel Bullard a committee to procure a sworn surveyor to find the centre of the precinct. Ebenezer Dean was selected to hold the box on Sabbath days, so that any one might have a chance to contribute something for the support of the gospel, and if one chose, he could write on a slip of paper the amount he would give, with his name, and pay the same some other time, and have it " allowed on his Precinct rate." The time for holding their annual meeting for the choice of officers was fixed for the secoud Monday in March, and has been continued to the present time. May 31, 1731, " the Precinct being regularly assembled at the house of John Ellis," John Everett was chosen moderator, and then " it was put to vote to see if it be ye mind of ye Precinct to have a loving and friendly conference together ; passed in the affirma tive period June ye 7th." It was voted to leave the placing of a meeting-house for this precinct to a com mittee of the General Court, and instructed William Bullard and John Everett " to address the General Court, and Petition for a Committee to place ye Meeting-House for this Precinct." In answer to the petition presented by the gentlemen named, a com mittee from the General Court visited the precinct, and reported through their chairman, the Hon. Joseph Wadsworth, of the council : " The committee that was appointed at this session of the General Court, on the 11th day of this June, to repair to the precinct set off some time the last year from Dedham and Stoughton, to view and consider the situation and circumstances 1 John Ellis is said to have lived near or on the plaoe where Newton and David Ellis now live. 2 Joseph Ellis lived near or on the spot where James Ellis' house stands. NOBWOOD. 497 thereof, and report what may be proper to be done, do report as follows, viz. : That we have viewed the precinct, considered the circumstances of the land, and heard the pleas and allega tions of the people, and find them very unsatisfied among them selves as to a place for the meeting-house to stand on. Then nominated four places several, or separate each from the other, on which, as to ourselves, we would report on any of them. But to make them unite if possible, desired that they would fix on that particular spot of the four, they liked best, on which they called a Precinct meeting, and on the 21st of this June, 1731, voted that it was the mind of the Precinct to fix the meeting-house on the south end of the common land lying between John Cobb's and Dr. Richards ; and we considering the oircumstances of the whole, as to highways, Judge the Southerinost part of said Common Land, that is, that part of it as may be convenient for Ibe Building and accommodation for the Meeting-House itself, is the best place to set it on ; all of which is humbly submitted. "Joseph Wadsworth,1 in name of the Committee. " In Council read and ordered, That this report bo accepted, and that the Meeting-House in the New Precinct in Dedham and Stoughton be placed accordingly, and the amount of the Committee's time and expense, amounting to the sum of four pounds four shillings be allowed; and be paid by the said Pre- einct to the Committee. " In the House of Representatives read and concurred. " Consented to J. Belcher, Governor.'' Representative this year from Dedham, Joseph Ellis; Representative this year from Stoughton, Moses Gill. From the records of the meeting held June 21st, to which reference is made by the Committee of the General Court, it appears the places they selected were Onion's Knoll, Onion's Bars,'2 the rye field so called, and the south end of the common land, near the house of Dr. Bichards. This spot they selected as the least objectionable of the four, either of which would take the majority of the inhabitants of the precinct nearly half, a mile beyond the unfinished house which was erected at a vote passed at the sec ond meeting of the precint, ordering it to be placed at the centre of the precint, as ascertained by a sworn surveyor, and for which one hundred pounds were granted July 14th, twenty-one days later, they vote they will not grant money to build a meeting-house near the land of Dr. Bichards, " and it was put to vote ; if it be the mind of the Precinct to grant a sum of money to defray the charge of ye Committee lately with us from the General Court, and it passed in the negative ;" at this meeting they again refused to grant any money to build a meeting-house on the place ordered by the General Court, and confirmed the same again September 3d. During this year the 1 Benjamin Bird and John Jacob, " Committee on the part of the house." 2 The rye field was owned by John Gay. 32 precinct was convened twelve times, and a house for the public worship of God was the burden of their thoughts. A meeting, March 10, 1732, opened with a proposition " to support preaching by contribution till the Precinct were better agreed," which was rejected, and December 5th, one hundred and twenty pounds were granted " to support preaching six months in a house erected near Joseph Ellis,3 and no longer, and then six months at the house near Benjamin Fairbanks. This was called the centre meeting-house, and was erected upon the spot ordered at the second meeting of the precinct, in 1730. Feb. 26, 1733, William Bullard, William Everett, Ebene zer Dean, Ebenezer Healy, and James Fales, Jr., were chosen a committee, and instructed to petition the General Court to reverse their former order for building a meeting-house on the common land near the house of John Cobb, and to establish ye place ac cording to the vote of the precinct, and to order the three hundred pounds already granted, to be laid out on the said centre meeting-house. This called forth the following order from the General Court, on the petition of Joseph Ellis and others from the northerly part of the precinct, presented April 13, 1734: "Ordered," on the said Petition, "That the prayer of the Petition be so far granted, as that the Inhabitants of the Pre cinct within-mentioned, do within the space of twelve months from tho dnte hereof, erect and finish a Meeting-House at the place stated by a committee of this Court, the 24th day of June, 1731, the Petitioners with their Estates be hereby, and are set off from said Precinct, and again laid to the first Precinct, in the Town of Dedham, whereunto they originally belonged; in the House of Representatives Read and concurred. Con sented to, J. Belcher, Gov." Three other Petitions were presented to the General Court by Joseph Ellis and his Friends, enumerating their grievances, and the determination of the In habitants not to depart from the place first marked out by the surveyor as the Centre of the Precinct; and the controversy was only closed by tho Precinct Petitioning the General Court for a " Committee to come and view the situation, and circum stances of the Precinct, and more especially of the Northerly Petitioners, and to set off to the old Precinct in Dedham, as many of said northerly Petitioners as upon their view they shall judge most for ye peace and advantage of both Precincts, and the Honorable support of ye gospel in them ; and to State a place for a Meeting-House for the remaining Precinct ; and Ebenezer Dean, William Everett, William Bullard, and James Fales were appointed a Committee to manage the affairs, and to answer the Petitions of the Clapboard-tree People. In an swer to the Northerly Petitioners the Court Say That Joseph Ellis and others, with the two Fishers, and Aaron Ellis with their Estates, be laid back to the Old Precinct; the others to re main in the South Precinct." In response to the Committee from the Precinct the Committee from the General Court Re port, " Having naturally considered the same, as well as that 3 A frame had been erected between the house of Jonathan Onion and Joseph Ellis and covered with boards but never fin ished till after the division of the precinct. 498 HISTOBY OF NOBFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. of the other Inhabitants that are gone from said Precinct are of opinion that the place for a Precinct Meeting House be between the Houses of Ebenezer Dean and Nathaniel Guild, on the Northwest side of the way to Walpole, about nine rods from said Guild's fence, in the quarter of an acre of land given and granted to the Said Precinct, by the said Dean, under his hand and seal acknowledged, as may appear; all of which is sub mitted by the order of the Committee. Samuel Thaxter. " In Council read and accepted. " In the House of Representatives read and concurred. "Consented to, J. Belcher, Governor." Sept. 12, 1734, the precinct instructed William Bullard and Ebenezer Dean to petition the General Court " for liberty to rate all the meadows which lie in Stoughton, but are within the bounds of the South Precinct in Dedham. On this petition, Samuel Thaxter, from the committee, reported that having considered the within petition, are of opinion that the meadow and other lands lying in the South Precinct, and which is in that part thereof, which was and now is Stoughton, be liable to pay their just proportion of all precinct rates, also all the owners of those lands that live in, and may be inhabitants of, Dedham, which report was accepted by the Council and House of Representatives, and approved by the Governor. It is a matter of record that during this long and perplexing controversy, the southerly part of the pre cinct never for once asked their brethren from the northerly part to even cross the centre of the precinct. The number of persons taxed by the town in 1736, two years, later, in the Second or South Precinct was seventy-eight, and in the Third, or Clapboard-tree, fifty-two. Jan. 4, 1735, the precinct " voted to build a meet ing-house on the land formerly Ebenezer Dean's, which is the place a committee of the Great and Gen eral Court has ordered a meeting-house to be erected" for said precinct ; and John Everett, William Bacon, John Dean, and Daniel Draper were constituted a committee to carry the above vote into effect, and the balance of the one hundred pounds granted Nov. 9, 1730, were appropriated for that purpose. February 6th a further grant of one hundred and fifty pounds was made, and Nathaniel Lewis and John Farrington were added to the committee. September 11th, voted " to give a minister a call to settle with them," and agreed to hear three gentlemen in order to come to a choice, namely, Mr. Balch, Mr. Loring, and Mr. Skinner. February 9th, made choice of the Rev, Thomas Balch for their pastor and teacher, and granted him as a settlement two hundred pounds, and an annual salary of one hundred and twenty pounds, and sixteen cords of wood, so long as he should con tinue with them in the gospel ministry. Daniel Draper, Nathaniel Colburn, Richard Ellis, Ebenezer Kingsbury, Daniel Draper, Jr., Timothy Draper, Hugh Dixon, and William Clark entered their protest " because they have a petition in the General Court in hopes to be released from the precinct. On this petition, which was entered Jan. 16, 1735, and on March 26, 1736, the General Court passed the follow ing order : " That the petitioners with their estates, from and after the term of three years from this time, be and hereby are dismissed from the South Precinct and are annexed to their neighbors at the Clapboard-tree, and pay charges there. John Cobb, William Bullard, Nathaniel Lewis, Samuel Farrington, who belong to the South Precinct, are still to be continued to do duty and re ceive privilege with them as heretofore. The obligation to Draper continued. " Josiah Wilder, " For the Committee."1 April 25th, an affirmative answer was received from Mr. Balch, and June 2d, "agreed to keep a day of fasting and prayer, in order to have an ordination, and granted twenty pounds to meet the expenses of the same. A committee was chosen to procure min isters to carry on the work of the day," also a com mittee to issue letters missive convening an ordaining council, and provide entertainment for the same. In compliance with the foregoing vote, June 23d was solemnly observed as a day of fasting and prayer. The Bev. Messrs. Dexter, of Dedham, Cotton, of Providence, Dunbar, of Stoughton, and Payson, of Walpole, assisted on the occasion, and the church was organized and a covenant adopted which remains to the present day. "Jan. ye 9, 1738. By an act of the General Court, Capt. Ezra Morse and his sons, Ezra, Jr. and Joseph, with their estates, were set off from Walpole and annexed to Dedham, aud to the Second Precinct. Also that part of Stoughton which was within the limits of the South Precinct is annexed to Ded ham, and the Neponset River is made the dividing line between the towns of Dedham and Stoughton. The original line being about one mile west of that river ; and a few years later a con siderable portion of the estate of Nathaniel Summer, Esq., was set off from Sharon and annexed to Dedham to do duty and enjoy privileges with the second precinct. 1740, at the annual meeting voted to build a school-house twenty-one feet in length, and seventeen in breadth, near the house or frame of James Thorp, on the southwesterly side of the same ; and forty pounds were appropriated for that purpose. " In 1740 the British Government fitted out an expedition against the Spanish West India Islands, and Massachusetts was called upon to furnish five hundred troops. Samuel Haven, Esq., in the second Centennial address at Dedham, tells us that ' six men from the south parish in Dedham alone, of this town were among those that perished.' 2 The names of only two have been preserved, Eleazer Farrington and Walter Hixon." 1 It appears that another petition, presented by a Mr. Byfield Lynde, was dismissed. 2 Holmes, in his Annals, says the sickness seems to have been almost as mortal as the plague ; of the five hundred only fifty ever returned. NORWOOD. 499 June 2, 1744, war, which had previously broken out between England and France, was proclaimed in Boston. Jan. 26, 1745, the General Court, after de bating the subject all day, approved of the expedition against Louisburg, on the island of Cape Breton, as planned by Governor Shirley ; and Col. William Pep- perell, of Kittery, Me., then a part of Massachusetts, was appointed to the command. Says the Bev. Thomas Balch, pastor of this church, " Having an inclination, and being desired by the Committee of War, to attend the army as one of the chap lains in the expedition against Cape Breton, I accordingly obtained the consent of my people on March 11, 1745, and on the 13th took my leave of my family and people. Arrived in safety and health at Canso, on the 2d day of April, sailed from Canso to Cape Breton, on April 29th, entered into Chap- eaurouge Bay the next morning, and soon after went on shore. The siege of Louisburg continued until June 17th, on which day we entered and took posses sion of that strong and important place, upon terms of capitulation. Sailed from Louisburg for New Eng land July 11th. Arrived in safety at Boston on the 27th of said month, 1745, Laus Deo." * Rev. Benjamin Balch acted as chaplain in our small navy, at some time during the same war. Quite a number of Mr. Balch's parishioners (if not a company) must have accompanied him in this ex pedition, for we find that Capt. Eleazer Fisher2 died at Boston, on his way home, and was buried there. Lieut. Ebenezer Sumner died soon after his return, aged twenty-three years. Mr. Balch says he was his brother-in-law, and a young man of much promise. John Thorp lived to reach Boston, and died there. Nathaniel Coney, aged forty years, and Samuel Thorp, aged thirty-three years, died at Cape Breton. Hugh Delap, a skillful gunner and engineer, was killed at the siege, by the bursting of a cannon. Michael Bright of this precinct returned, also Samuel and William Wetherbee's names are given by Mrs. Ellis as mem bers of this expedition. Sir William in one of his letters to Governor Shirley says two men were killed by the bursting of a forty-two-pounder, and one wounded. The success which crowned the enterprise was pur chased at a fearful loss of life ; six worthy citizens from this little community fell victims to the hardships and privations they were forced to endure. In 1743, from a contribution made by sundry indi viduals a lot of land was purchased of Mr. David Fales for the use of the precinct. In 1745 voted to take down the hindermost body seats, in order to ac commodate the women that bring children to meeting. November of this year chose Nathaniel Sumner pre cinct clerk, and assessor in place of Capt. Eleazer Fisher, who died in Boston, on his way home from Cape Breton. In 1751 twelve persons were chosen to oversee the boys on the Lord's day, 3 and their official acts must have met with an approval, for the same number were chosen for four succeeding years. Again the sound of war is heard in our little com munity, the hosts of England and France are con tending for the supremacy in North America. Mas sachusetts, ever faithful to the mother-country, calls her sons to arms, and Capt. Eliphalet Fales with his company treads his way through the wilderness to the shores of Lake George, with First Sergt. Moses Fisher, Corp. Benjamin Holden, William Woodcock, John Hawse, John Scott, Ebenezer Everett, and David Fairbanks from the South Precinct ; Sergt. Timothy Ellis, Samuel Bichards, and five others from Dedham ; Lieut. Ephraim Wesson and eleven men from Groton ; James Fales, clerk, from Little ton ; Samuel Boyden, drummer, and three men from Medfield; three from Walpole; four from Boston, two of whom were negro servants, and Samuel Pogent, an Indian, from Natick. Capt. Fales' enlistment dates April 5, 1745, and his term of service was thirty-nine weeks and three days. The Massachusetts troops were placed under the command of Gen. William Johnson, of New York, and were engaged in the bloody battles of September 8th, in which the French under Baron Dieskau were defeated, and their commander mortally wounded and taken prisoner. Of Capt. Fales' com pany First Sergt. Moses Fisher and John Scott from our little community and Isaac Patch, Joseph Bich ards, and Nathaniel Pollard from Groton were killed.4 Before taking leave of Capt. Fales, allow me to copy the following, showing the care with which things were passed upon in those days : 1 Of Mr. Balch's three sons, two died in the service of their country, — Thomas (1), aged eighteen years, at Albany, in the first campaign against Crown Point. Thomas (2), named in memory of his brother, was taken prisoner while serving on one of our war vessels during the Revolution, carried to Hali fax, and died there. 2 Capt. Fisher was one of the fifteen original members of the ohuroh,and preoinet olerk at the time of his decease. 3 " Hutchinson's History,'- vol. ii. chap. iv. ; Barry's " Massa chusetts Second Period," chap, vi.; " Parish Records," vol. i. page 77. 4 Three battles were fought that day between the trained troops of France and their Indian allies on one side and the men of New England and New York, who had left their har vest to become soldiers. Four hundred of their number had fallen, but they were victors. Not a British soldier or officer was present. 500 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. " Province of Massachusetts Bay " To Eliphalet Fales, Dr. "For 4 Fire arms Lost in Battle, 2 Lb £8. "Namely, Sargent Moses Fisher, John Scott, Joseph Richardson, Isaac Patch. " The above mentioned lost their blankets. " Also Timothy Callahan, " Timothy Ellis, 6 in all, 12s 3s. 12d. " 1 Gun Lost by Nicholas Halsey 2 " To my Subsistence while making up my Muster Roll, 15 days 1/6 1 2 6 " For 2 Days Travel from Dedham to Boston to make up the Rolls, is 8 £15 2 6 "Eliphalet Fales. "Suffolk, ss. Boston, March 3, 1756. The within named Capt. Elephalet Fales appearing before me the subscriber and made oath to the truth of the within muster Roll. " Samuel Miller, Justice of the Peace." 1 From Capt. William Bacon's2 muster-roll, made Oct. 11, 1756, by the muster master-general of the pro vincial army, we copy the following in order that we may see through what fearful trials the blessings we enjoy were secured. We can trace their toilsome march even now by the trail of the sick and de parted ones. At the date of this return two had fallen in battle or been taken prisoners, namely, Jo siah Lyon and Ebenezer Pratt ; six had died, — George Cleveland, William Smith, Benjamin Leidiot, Joseph Ephraim, Hosea Abraham ; and twenty-three were sick, and from these we must add to the fatal roll Thomas Balch, son of the Bev. Thomas Balch, who «died at Albany ; Solomon Bullard, at Leicester, on his return ; Timothy Lewis, at Lake George ; John Woodcock, at Fort Edward ; Joseph Lyon, ser geant, at Stillwater ; William Lewis and Joseph Whittemore,3 at Albany. June 22, 1759, Eleazer Everett died at Fort Cumberland ; Nov. 20, 1760, Simon Pittee, on his return from Crown Point ; and December 10th, James Weatherbee, soon after his return from Montreal.4 Other soldiers were un doubtedly drawn from our precinct, but I have not succeeded in securing their names. With the conquest of Canada the lilies of France disappeared, and peace and prosperity returned to the colonies. March 9, 1758, chose Ebenezer Dean, Jr., Lieut. Fales, Benjamin Fuller, and Aaron Guild to set the 1 This was attached to the muster-roll. 2 Capt. William Bacon was one of the fifteen original mem bers who formed the church in this place, and probably never fully recovered from the sickness contracted in this campaign. Died May 21, 1761, in the forty-fifth year of his age. Capt. Bacon's company was mostly from the towns of Dedham, Rox bury, and Walpole. 3 These last seven were Mr. Balch's parishioners. 4 The last three were in the second expedition against Crown Point. Psalms, and " voted that all the school money should be laid out in women schooling." 1762, March 4th. " voted to build a new meeting-house, and chose a committee of twelve to select a suitable place, and report at some future meeting." March 14, 1763 " voted ten choiresters to lead in the singing the Psalms on the Lord's day ; and in order to prevent discord and secure harmony, nine more by vote were added" to the musical number. 1763 the bounds between the two parishes were renewed and defined as follows : "The line beginning from ye center5 between ye meeting Houses; then runs North 50 degrees East to the place where the House of Ebenezer Ellis stood ; from thence North one de gree west to the Cross ways. The distance between ye meeting Houses is one and a half mile and thirty three rods. "Ebenezer Everett, " Eliphalet Fales, " Committee of the South Precinct. "Isaac Whiting, " Ichabod Gay, " Committee of the Clapboard- Tree." And between the First Precinct in Dedham, 1767, the committee say, — "We began at Purgatory Hole, so called; thence run North westerly to a White Oak tree with stones around it, in land of Joseph Wight ; thence to a heap of Stones at the Northeasterly Corner of Land now belonging to Dea. Wm. Avery; thence more northerly to the eastwardly corner of land now belonging to Capt. Daniel Gay; thence more westerly to the Cross ways near the house of Jeremiah Dean ; and are of opinion that said line ought to be the dividing line between said Precincts, and for the future to be esteemed as such, excepting such lands as have since the setting off the South Precinct been by the General Court laid to the First Parish in Dedham, which is humbly submitted. "Jonathan Metcalf, "William Avery, "John Eaton, ".Committee of the First Precinct. " Nathaniel Sumner, " David Fisher, "Benjamin Fisher, " Committee of the Second Precinct." March, 1762, voted to build a meeting-house, and chose twelve to select and secure a suitable place to erect the same ; but objection was made to the several sites that were reported, and it was not till March 25, 5 On the division of the parish the committee of the General Court fixed the dividing line midway between the two parishes; then placed the estate of Benjamin Fairbanks which lay en tirely south and east of that line to the West Parish, and he was a member of that church ; but upon the records connected with this church the following occurs: "December 18, 1757, died Mr. Benjamen Fairbanks of Clapboard-tree a constant hearer in this Parish aged sixty three years;" and his remains rest in the yard his kindness gave to the parish. All his estate lay in this parish. NOBWOOD. 501 1768, that a union of sentiment was secured, where we find the following record : " It is not only a disgrace to this Parish, but a reproach to the Christian Religion, to suffer the house of public worship to lie in so ruinous a condition ; besides, unless we come into meas ures soon to build one, public worship must soon be laid aside amongst us for want of a place to meet in, as the old meeting house cannot stand long in its present ruinous condition. We all readily grant that a better meeting-house is wanted, and ef forts have been made to come into peaceable methods so as to build one; but they have proved ineffectual on account of dif fering sentiments as to the place on which to build it. How ever, we would not altogether give over the matter, being per suaded that a little moderation, candor, and condescension would so compromise things as that so good and necessary a work might go on. We, therefore, the subscribers, inhabitants on the northerly side of Neponset River, will, and do, hereby agree that a meeting-house should be erected on the land of the heirs of Benjamin Fuller, deceased, at the head of Penniman's Lane, so called, as near the corner of his orchard as the land will allow, if our brethren and friends on the southerly side of said river will meet us there; and we can go on united in love and peace, and we desire that a meeting may be called to see if such a union may be effected." This invitation was signed by thirty members of the parish, and received the following response from fifteen members : " We who live on the southerly side of Baid river agree thereto." "Voted to dig a hole 15 inches deep under every Post of the Meeting-House, To which Mr. David Fisher desired that his protest might be entered." Nov. 17, 1768, commenced their preparation to build, and June 26, 1769, was fixed upon for putting up the frame of the new and second meeting-house. Each person who desired was permitted to furnish his pro portional part of the materials. The clapboards were to be split and purchased in Boston. An order was adopted " directing the committee to provide a din ner, and sufficient drink for the men that did the work." Jan. 5, 1770, it was " voted to sell the old meeting house at auction, reserving the right to use the same till October 1." March the 12th, in the disposal of the pews of the new church, it was voted, " to set the highest pew at five pounds, lawful money, and then to abate one shilling and four pence on every several choice, falling one shilling and four pence upon every pew till the whole were sold ; and that he that was highest on the rate should have his first choice, and that every one should have his choice according to the tax he paid." And thus the fathers in their time dignified the pews. From the records of the many following years it appears that they walked together in peace and harmony to the house of God ; the deacons still reading the hymns,1 and " Bangor" sung as it hath hitherto been, by continuing the bass. 1 Feb. 17, 1771, we find the following in the warrant for the precinct meeting : March 20, 1774, granted the sum of £73 8s. Gd. towards paying the funeral expenses of the Bev. Mr. Balch. On the death of Mr. Balch the precinct chose John Ellis, David Fisher, and Aaron Guild a com mittee to supply the desk. April 16, 1776, " voted to concur with the church in extending a call to the Bev. Jabez Chickering. Two hundred pounds were granted as a settlement, and a salary of sixty-six pounds, thirteen shillings, and four pence, so long as he shall continue to minister to the Precinct, also Fif teen Cords of wood, and the use of the Church Meadow2 given by Dea. Ezra Morse." We will now for a moment turn to the opening scenes of the Bevolutionary war, to Samuel Adams' " ever-glorious morning," and repeat the roll-call of our little band who hurried towards the scene of actiou on the 19th of April, 1775 : Eliphalet Fisher. Abel Everett. Capt. William Bullard. 1st Lieut. John Morse. 2d Lieut. Nathaniel Lewis. Ensign Ebenezer Everett. Sergt. Asa Everett. Sergt, Jeremiah Kingsbury. Sergt. Ichabod Gay. Sergt. John Andrews. Corp. David Andrews. Corp. Benjamin Dean. Fifer Eliphalet Rhoads. Drummer Borijamin Fisher. Nathaniel Dean. Jonathan Dean. Jacob Penniman. Seth Fuller. Robert Little. Josiah Everett. Samuel Farrington. Phillip Cobbet. William Savel. Eleazer Rhoads. Silas Morse. Jesse Gay. William Coney. Daniel Colburn. Luther Bullard. Joseph Sumner. Jabez Holmes. Moses Guild. (Signed) William Bullard, Captain. Their term of service was short, Varying from two to twelve days. "Art. 6. To see if the Precinct will cause the practice of read ing the Psalms in the Public Worship by the Deacons to be dis continued, and will vote to provide books for themselves that so that part of Divine service may be performed in a more manly and rational manner for the future. Dismissed from the war rant by vote. "Art. 8. To see if the Parish would have Bangor sung as it hath hitherto been. Passed in the affirmative." 2 Forty pounds were granted to pay for the expense of the ordination and for the five guns bought for the parish, and July 3d was appointed for his ordination. Abner Fisher. Jason Fuller. Nathaniel Sumner, Jr. Daniel Fairbanks. Xathan Clarke. Seth Morse. Enoch Talbot. Seth Farrington, Jr. William Everett. Moses Fisher. Benjamin Herring. William Kendall. Jacob Cleveland. John Dean, Jr. Timothy Lewis. Jesse Kingsbury. Thomas White. Benjamin Lewis. Archalus Clark. John Smith. Benjamin Felt. Samuel Clark. Edward Bullard. Jacob Smith. Ithamer Farrington. William Lewis, Jr. Robert Little. 502 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. "Middlesex, ss., Jan. 2, 1776. " William Bullard, within named, appeared personally, made solemn oath that the within pay-roll, by him subscribed, was, according to his best knowledge and judgment, just and true. " Before Henry Gardner, "Justice of the Peace. " Examined and compared with the original. "Josiah Johnson, "Jonas Dix, " Committee. "In Council, March 27th, 1776, Read and allowed, and there upon ordered that a warrant be drawn on the Treasurer for 44 pounds 12 shillings and 8 pence, and three farthings, in full discharge of the within roll. " Perez Morton, Dep't Sec'y." There were others from this parish who hurried forward. Mr. Israel Everett, who lived where Mr. Rooney now lives, and in memory of whom Everett Street was named, was wounded, but the names are so similar in the several parishes of the town I shall only give the names of some few, of whose residence there is no doubt, leaving the remainder for some future time. In Capt. Joseph Guild's company, First Parish, in the Northern campaign of 1775 and 1776, we find three sons of Zebediah Clark (Archelus and Samuel, who died at or near Ticonderoga), Robert Little and Benjamin Fisher, Jr. (who died at the same place), Daniel Clark, Sergt. Eliphalet Thorp, Edward Bullard, Ebenezer Sumner, John Smith, Aaron Guild, John Bugles, Abner Pettee, John Smith. In Capt. John Gay's company, from the West Parish, occur the names of Sergt. William Everett, Silas Morse, Josiah Everett, Hezekiah Turner. Of Capt. Aaron Guild's company of three months' men a large number were from this parish. Some persons made several campaigns, and there is but little doubt that every able-bodied person of suitable age was called upon to do military duty at some period during the war of the Bevolution. In the spring of 1776 two soldiers on the march for New York died, one at Capt. Ebenezer Everett's and one at the house of Mr. Benjamin Fisher. No record reveals to us their names. Peacefully they rest with our honored dead. It is hardly possible for us at the present day to conceive of the hardships and sufferings the Bevolu tionary fathers were called to endure. The province tax of the town of Dedham in 1775 was three hun dred and seventy pounds, six shillings, nine pence, and one farthing; in 1778, eighteen hundred and fifty-seven pounds, thirteen shillings, and ten pence, and it was required to be collected and paid into the State treasury by the first day of October. In addition to this increased taxation, frequent requi sitions were made for beef, blankets, shirts, shoes, and stockings, enough at least to supply the town's quota in the Continental army.1 By a vote of the town the quota of men from each precinct was to be in proportion to the taxes paid by each, and the several precincts assumed the business of paying such soldiers as were members of their own body or employed by them.2 In 1777, the Second Precinct having raised their quota of men for the Continental service with out the town's bounty or any part of it, their propor tion of the taxes assessed for paying this bounty is committed to the constable of that precinct to be dis posed of as the precinct shall see fit. But if the pre cinct was prompt in filling its quota, they were most negligent in preserving the names of those who took their lives in their hands, and went forth to do battle for their country.3 On the books of the church we find the names of some few who died in the service; but if no other record existed except that preserved in the parish, it might truly be said, " the deadlive, and the living die." From a report made by a committee constituted in 1787 to examine the accounts of the collector and treasurer of the war rates : that the whole amount committed to Eliphalet Fales was nine hundred and thirty-six pounds, twelve shillings, nine pence, and three farthings ; that the treasurer had paid out seven hundred and seventy-two pounds, sev enteen shillings, eightpence, and three farthings. One hundred and forty-five pounds, four shillings, and seven pence remain in the hands of the treasurer, and one hundred and sixty-three pounds, fifteen shillings, and one penny uncollected, which they value at seventy- seven pounds and eighteen shillings. Allowing the same depreciation as was made by the committee on what was paid by the treasurer, it would not vary much from twelve hundred dollars in our present cur rency. When we reflect upon their scanty means, their small numbers,* and the greatness of that power which they defied, we bow in reverence before their lofty heroism and devotion to those great principles which they held God had established, and which no human legislation had power to abridge or destroy. The 1 Worthington's " History of Dedham," published in 1827. 2 Mann's "Annals of Dedham," page 34. 3 Not a name is recorded of a single soldier, nor the amount of bounty paid, or where they went. * In 1765, by a census recorded by Samuel Dexter, Esq. : No. of No. of Houses. Inhabitants. First Parish 105 813 Second Parish 43 441» Third Parish 42 313 Fourth Parish — Dover, 49 352 1919 * Over ten to each house. NOBWOOD. 503 insurrection in 1787 caused not a ripple here ; men who stood with Washington in the trenches around Boston, or trod the frozen snows of Canada, were too loyal to revolt against the constituted authorities of the State, and promptly responded to the requisition upon1 Capt. Gay, for twelve men for thirty days, to march in midwinter to Worcester, to protect the courts and disperse the deluded followers of Capt. Daniel Shays. In the division of the school money in 1796 we find the following : For the South Branch $52.60 ; tax on dogs,2 $8.00. For the Middle Branch, $98.12 ; tax on dogs, $18.00. For the North Branch, $15.32; tax on dogs, $2.00 ; so that the taxation of dogs for the instruction of children is no new thing. That the parish sought to make the most of what means they had may be seen by the following : " That the money of the Parish be let out for three years, to them that will make the Parish the best present on each one hundred dollars ;" which was done, the bids varying from four dollars and fifty cents to five dollars and twenty-five cents. March 12th died the Bev. Jabez Chickering, for thirty-six years the pastor and teacher of this parish. April 26, 1815, Bev. William Cogswell was ordained as his successor. March 13, 1826, voted to build a new meeting-house, and chose a committee of fifteen to select a suitable place to locate the same. At a subsequent meeting they reported they could not agree. Seven were then chosen, and their report was the same. Up to this period their expenses had been met by direct taxation upon the polls and estates of the members of the parish. They now vote to secure the same by subscription. March 28, 1828, thirty- five members close their connection with the first so ciety and connect themselves with the religious society called Universalist. April 25th of this year they renew their vote lo build, and again constituted a committee of fifteen, who reported that the place where the house of Mrs. Abigail Everett stands is the most suitable for the said meeting-house, and that the land can be obtained at a reasonable price, and that individuals agree to clear the land of the buildings free of expense to the society," which report was ac cepted, and it was voted to build the said house " by a subscription of shares." The land was valued at one hundred and fifty dollars, and the shares, sixty in number, were placed at two dollars and fifty cents each and conveyed by deed to the several proprietors jointly, and they were at the expense of erecting the 1 Jacob Penniman, Jaoob Penniman, Jr., and Joel Guild are the only names given. 2 By-law of the town, approved by the court. meeting-house and were owners of the pews.3 The old meeting-house was taken down and the materials used in the construction of the new one. The pews on the lower floor, thirty-three in number, were ap prized at one dollar each, and the sixteen on the second floor at seventy-five cents each, amounting to forty-five dollars.4 Mr. Homer Fales was killed by the falling of some timbers, and Mr. Leonard Fisher was slightly injured, May 14, 1828. Dec. 16, 1829, the Rev. William Cogswell, D.D., was dismissed, to take the general agency of the American Education Society, and the Rev. H. G. Park was ordained the next day, and continued the pastor until Sept. 23, 1835. March 2, 1836, Mr. Calvin Durfee was in stalled, and tendered his resignation Feb. 23, 1851, which was accepted, and July 15th the pastoral rela tions were closed by a mutual council.5 October 3, 1851, Rev. M. M. Colburn was installed pastor and teacher, and dismissed Aug. 11, 1866. Oct. 1, 1866, Rev. Joseph P. Bixby commenced his labors as acting pastor. May, 1878, after twelve years of active and useful labor, tendered his resigna tion, to take effect in accordance with the terms of the contract. Rev. Ellis Mendell, the present pastor, was or dained June 4, 1879, and with his society will soon take possession of their new and tasteful edifice, which is erected on the spot marked out by a com mittee of the "Great and General Court" in 1734, and where the fathers of the church covenanted to walk together in peace and love. Says Mr. Worth ington in his history of Dedham, published in 1827, " No church quarrel or discord has been known to have existed worthy of notice," and the same may be said of it to-day. The Universalist Society. — The petition for its incorporation bears date Oct. 8, 1827, and was signed by Jeremiah Draper" and thirteen others. On the 3 March 27, 1882, the parish "voted to adopt Chapter 15 of the acts of the year 1882, and the corporation styled the Proprie tors of the Congregational Meeting-House in the Second Parish in Dedham, established by Chapter 24 of the acts of the year 1829, is hereby dissolved, and the rights, privileges, and property of the proprietors vested in the First Congregational Parish in Norwood." * The appraisers were Messrs. George Haws, of Wrentham, Gen. Josiah S. Fisher, and John Goulding. of Dedham. 5 The council say in " coming to this result, hear with special pleasure the testimony of Mr. Durfee to the punctual and gen erous manner in which his salary has generally been paid, we wish to commend their fidelity in this respect, and to hold it up as an example to others." 6 Jeremiah Draper was the son of Dr. Philip and Mehetabel Draper, born April 19, 1789; a graduate from Harvard; com missioned a justice of the peace ; owned a farm near the Sharon 504 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. 22d, Lewis Rhoads was chosen clerk (which office he continued to hold for thirteen years), and Jeremiah Draper, Joseph Sumner, and Daniel Stone, commit tee of the society. The first sermon was preached prior to this time in the hall of the hotel by the Rev. Thomas Whittemore, then twenty-seven years of age. The Rev. Messrs. T. B. Thayer, Hosea Ballou, Bal four, and Streeter supplied the society occasionally. The Rev. J. C. Waldo occupied the desk from March 30th to July 20th. Says the Rev. Mr. Hill, to whose kindness I am indebted for the items connected with his society, we find it entered upon the records : " The building this day erected (June 18, 1829) by the Universalist Society in the Second Parish in Dedham is designed to be a temple for the worship of the one living and true God, as the universal Parent of mankind, who will have all men to be saved and come to the knowledge of the truth." June 14, 1830, their meeting-house was dedicated, Rev. Thomas Whittemore preaching the sermon. He was assisted in the services by the Rev. Messrs. Bal lou, Streeter, and Frieze. June 17th, of this year, Bev. Alfred V. Bassett was ordained as pastor and teacher of the society. He was a young man of fine talents and an able preacher. His pastorate was closed by death Dec. 26, 1831, and clothed his peo ple in the habiliments of mourning. His successor, the Bev. Bufus S. Pope, supplied the desk some three years from September, 1833, and left many warm friends. His name should be cherished for his noble and manly stand in the cause of temperance. It is told that he was the man who opened the crusade against intemperance in South Dedham, delivering a lecture on that subject. Says Mr. Hill, " It raised such a storm that it blew him out of town ;" but unlike the tornado, its sweep brought joy and gladness where sorrow had reigned. Messrs. J. D. Pierce and E. Partridge supplied for a time in the iuterval which followed. Rev. Edwin Thompson began his labors in 1840. In 1841 he was ordained, and at once opened upon the liquor traffic. Two of his parish ioners sympathized and acted with him. " He com menced at headquarters, the hotel of Joseph Sumner, and continued his persuasive arguments, in which Mrs. Sumner joined, and a few others, till Mr. Sum ner finally offered to stop rum-selling forever if any one would buy his stock on hand. Mr. Thompson was a poor man, receiving but three hundred dollars a year, but he bought the liquor, pledging his little salary in payment. Mr. Sumner kept his word, line. Joseph Sumner, son of Nathaniel and grandson of Deacon Nathaniel Sumner, born April 28, 1797; died Sept. 13, 1877. Of Mr. Stone nothing is left on record. and entered the Washingtonian movement, and be came president of the society in this place." When Mr. Thompson closed his labors here he could look back and see that the society had more than doubled its numbers during his ministry and its moral power greatly increased. His faithful and untiring labors in the cause of temperance have made his name an honored one, and enrolled him among the benefactors of mankind. Rev. Charles H. Webster was settled June 25, 1846, and remained four years. Rev. N. C. Hodg don, who came in 1850, remained but a short time. Rev. Ebenezer Fisher commenced his labors in 1853. The five years of his pastorate were periods of special enterprise and prosperity. In June, 1856, the Universalist Church was organ ized, and J. E. Hartshorn and Willard Gay, Esq., were chosen deacons. Mr. Fisher resigned his charge to accept of a professorship in the Canton Theological Seminary, New York. His successor in the ministry, Rev. A. R. Abbott, remained two years. Rev. J. H. Farnsworth occupied the pulpit for a short time, and was succeeded by Rev. M. R. Leonard, who was or dained June 30, 1861. Mr. Leonard was a graduate of the first class of the Canton Seminary under the charge of Dr. Fisher. In 1863 a meeting of the society was called to take into consideration the subject of enlarging, selling, or building a new meeting-house, and the Hon. Joseph Day, George B. Talbot, and Lyman Smith consti tuted a committee to take all legal steps necessary to sell the old house and build a new one. They each subscribed two thousand dollars, and others united with them according to their means, and raised their subscription list to sixteen thousand dollars. The house was completed in less than one year from the time the committee received their instructions, and dedicated to the worship of God. Mr. Leonard re signed on account of ill health. His successor, the Bev. George Hill, was installed February, 1865, and for seventeen years ministered to this people ; re signed his charge July, 1881. Mr. Hill, at the close of his pastorate, can see his society, which less than fifty years ago was few in numbers and forced its pastor to depart because he spoke against the greatest moral pestilence that ever rested upon this community, now stands forth strong in numbers, influence, and power in this noble cause. The Rev. Mr. Sellick, the present pastor, com menced his labors in April of 1883. The Baptist Society. — The first public meeting of the Baptist people was held in Union Hall, Aug. 8, 1858,— sermon by Bev. Joseph B. Breed, of Woon- NORWOOD. 505 socket, R. I. In November of the same year Mr. Breed was constituted their pastor according to their established usages. Jan. 2, 1859, the record says, "Brother Messer was to-day baptized; this is prob ably the first time that the ordinance of baptism by immersion was ever administered in South Dedham." Dec. 1, 1859, their church was dedicated. Introductory prayer by Rev. M. M. Colburn, of the Congregational Church ; reading of the Scripture by Eev. M. Lincoln, of Jamaica Plains; prayer by the Rev. J. W. Lothrop, of Medfield ; sermon by the pastor, J. B. Breed ; dedicatory prayer by the Bev. B. W. Gardner; reading of a hymn by Bev. J. R. Abbot, of the Universalist society ; benediction by the pastor. May 4, 1860, Mr. Breed preached his farewell dis course. August 8th an invitation was extended to the Rev. James J. Tucker, of Worcester, to become their pastor. Sept. 1, 1860, he commenced his labors. His health failing, leave of absence was granted him, but death closed his pastorate Jan. 13, 1864.1 His successor, the Rev. C. Osburn, of West Troy, N. Y., became pastor March 20, 1864. Aug. 20, 1865, he tendered his resignation, to take effect the last day of September. From Aug. 1, 1866, the Rev. George G. Fairbanks, of Somerville, occupied the pulpit till March 7, 1869, when he was dismissed to accept a call from the Baptist Church in Middleboro', where he still officiates. May 3d a call was given to the Rev. Edwin Bromley, of West Boylston, which was accepted, and he continued pastor until April 6, 1876, when he was dismissed. Sept. 29, 1876, Rev. I. H. Gilbert, of Hyde Park, assumed the duties of the pastorate. March 13th, at the annual meeting of the church, it was " resolved to take all legal steps to renew the existence of the society in connection with the church," which was consummated April 9, 1877. Oct. 12, 1878, Rev. Mr. Gilbert's resignation was accepted, that he might take the pastorate of the Baptist Church in Medfield. Rev. W. A. Worthing ton supplied the desk from May 4, 1879, to Sept. 12, 1880, when he tendered his resignation. The present pastor, B. W. Barrows, commenced his labors imme diately after Mr. Worthington's departure. The St. Catherine Church, being connected with the St. Mary's Church, Dedham, and forming one pastorate, I can say but little. For the few facts recorded I am indebted to the courtesy of Mr. Edwin Fahy. Services were held in private houses several times a year by the Bev. P. O. Beirne, of Boxbury, as 1 He died in Chicago. early as 1852. Union Hall was used occasionally till the completion of Village Hall, when they gathered there about once a month till the purchase of their church, April 22, 1863, from a committee of the Universalist society. After remodeling, it was dedi cated with appropriate ceremonies August 3d of the same year. Soon after it was transferred from the pastoral care of the Rev. P. O. Beirne, of Roxbury, to the care of Rev. John B. Brenuon, of Dedham. Not far from 1874, Mr. Brennon was placed at Med field, and Bev. D. J. 0. Donovan assumed the pastor ate, and their church edifice was enlarged and rededi- cated. On account of failing health, and being unable to perform the duties of so large a pastorate, he closed his labors, and was succeeded by the Rev. R. J. Johnson, the present pastor. In 1854 the con gregation connected with this church numbered about one hundred, at the present time (1884) some eight hundred. First Congregational Church. — June 23, 1736, after a day of fasting and prayer, the following persons entered into the church covenant : Thomas Balch, Samuel Bullard, John Everett, John Dean, James Fales, Jr., Samuel Fuller, William Bacon, Eleazer Fisher, Samuel Holmes, Jeremiah Kings bury, Ezra Morse, William Everett, Nathaniel Guild, Ebenezer Dean, and Nathaniel Lewis. It would be pleasant to transcribe in full the covenant into which they entered, because it gives so perfect an idea of the character of the men who founded this ancient church, but its length precludes the idea. It remains a pre cious memento of their faith and piety. June 30, ] 736, Bev. Thomas Balch was ordained over this in fant church and precinct as its pastor and teacher. The sermon was preached by the Rev. Mr. Walter, of Roxbury, from John xvii. 10, " All mine are thine, and thine are mine, and I am glorified in them." The exercises were concluded by singing two stanzas from the Eighty-ninth Psalm, commencing at the nineteenth verse : " Then thou spakest in vision to thy holy one, and saidst, I have laid help upon one that is mighty; I have exalted one chosen out of the people. " I have found David my servant ; with my holy oil have I anointed him : " With whom my hand shall be established." Mr. Balch was a native of Charleston, born Oct. 17, 1711, graduated at Harvard, 1733, married to Miss Mary Sumner, of Roxbury, Oct. 11, 1737; died Jan. 8, 1774, aged sixty-two years, two months, and eleven days, making his ministry thirty-seven years, six months, and eight days. From all the testimony that can be found, it appears that Mr. 506 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. Balch was honored and beloved by his people in an unusual degree, and in return gave them his warmest affections, and labored assiduously for their temporal and spiritual welfare. From the records of the church during his ministry one hundred and seventy-one persons were received "into full communion," ninety- three recognized or owned the covenant, nine adults and six hundred and twenty-eight children were bap tized. One hundred and forty-eight couples were united in marriage, and he officiated at two hundred and forty-five funerals, some of which were out of the limits of the precinct. A large number of collections were made for persons on account of losses by fire, and for those suffering from poverty and sickness ; one for the completion of an unfinished Congregational meeting-house on Tower Hill, in South Kingston ; another, of considerable an amount, for the poor Acadians when forced from their homes by the royal mandate, procured through the influence of Governor Shirley. Some, over one thousand, were brought to Boston, and the other seven thousand or more scat tered from Massachusetts to Georgia.1 By his ministerial brethren Mr. Balch was highly esteemed, says the Bev. Jason Haven, of the First Parish, in this town. In 1796, forty years from his ordination, he remarks that " he had often recol lected that profusion of Christian friendship and brotherly love expressed in the right hand of fellow ship given by the Bev. Mr. Balch, of the South Parish ; all which friendship and brotherly love he continued to exemplify while his valuable life was spared, towards the person then ordained and towards his brethren in the gospel ministry in general.'' He took a deep interest in the young people of his charge, and delivered a series of lectures for their im provement, which were repeated by request in Rox bury and Charlestown. Mr. Balch as a preacher must have ranked much above mediocrity ; and allow me to give a few extracts from a sermon delivered before the Ancient and Honor able Artillery Company in Boston, 1763, and then we will pass from the patriarch of this church to his suc cessors.2 Daniel iv. 35 : " He doeth according to his will in the army of Heaven, and among the inhabitants of the earth." After referring to the occasion which called forth these words from the once proud, but now humbled king of Babylon, he continues, " He that commanded the world into being has caused it 1 Barry's " History of Massachusetts, Second Period," page 200-204. Hutchinson's, vol. iii. 38-42 ; and Longfellow's " Evangeline." 2 See Mr. Durfee's " Centennial Sermon," page 18. to continue unto this day, and as all things are pre served by Him, so he rules and governs them accord ing to his will. This doctrine of universal dominion and providence of God is here laid down. He doeth according to his will in the army of Heaven, and among the inhabitants of the earth. A subject well worthy of our contemplation, and not inappropriate at this time." 3 God exercises his absolute dominion and sovereign providence over men on earth. The affairs of the world in general are ordered and deter mined by Him. His is the kingdom, and He is the Governor among the nations, and his mandate reaches the utmost bounds of creation. " What an exalted idea does this give us of the divine majesty, and how glorious and adorable must that God be." " War must be managed with a view to peace. So a time of peace must be improved to prepare for war." " Have we not seen the importance of well-disci plined troops in the late war?" "Well-accomplished and skillful soldiers will be more than ever necessary for us in the future." " The time may come even in our days, such is the instability of human affairs, when those who envy our growing greatness may form deep plots against us, and endeavor to put them in execution by the point of the sword." * Then, " Is it not wisdom to cherish a martial spirit, and in time of peace prepare for war ?" 5 " Let us look to Him in whom it pleased the Father that all fullness should dwell, for grace and strength to enable us to prosecute our Christian warfare, till death shall discharge us from the fatigues and turmoils of this transitory life, and we put on the garlands of immortality to reign with our victorious Redeemer in the realms of a glo rious and undisturbed peace, through the endless ages of eternity." After the death of Mr. Balch it was about two years and a half before the settlement of the Rev. Jabez Chickering, on July 3, 1776, the day before the declaration of independence. Mr. Chickering was a native of Dover, and was born Nov. 4, 1753; graduated from Harvard University in 1774; studied theology with the Rev. Benjamin Caryl; married Miss Hannah Balch, April 22, 1777, a daughter of his predecessor. Seventy-eight were added to the church, two hundred and three couples were joined in mar riage, and two hundred and eighty-two were borne to their last resting-place during his pastorate. It is told by aged people who remember him, that he was remarkably fond of children, and they too, in turn, s Preached soon after the close of the last French and Indian war. 4 How prophetic. 6 Here John Adams is outdone. NOBWOOD. 507 were equally attached to him. It is asserted, in the discourse delivered at his funeral, that for some of the last years of his life he expended the whole of his salary in relieving objects of distress in his vicin ity, and in subscribing money for religious and liter ary purposes. The youth of to-day should hold him in kind remembrance, for he really laid the founda tion of our public library, and the income from his gift annually gives them the means to add to their stock of knowledge. It is said that Mr. Chickering left no printed dis courses except a charge given at the ordination of the Rev. Mr. Bichey, of Canton, and the right hand of fellowship at the ordination of the Bev. Joshua Bates, of the First Church, Dedham, which for beauty of sentiment and expression is seldom equaled, and allow me to quote a few sentences : " Before the morning stars sang together, or all the sons of God shouted for joy, God was happy in the perfection of his own nature. But in his manifestation to man he has revealed himself, communicating happiness to his creatures, through the medium of love ; for God is love, and the Gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ ex hibits the divine benevolence, causing mercy and truth to meet together, and righteousness and peace to embrace each other. The great end of our holy religion, next to reconciling us to God, is to reconcile us to each other. Glory to God for peace on earth, and good-will to man, was the song of the multitude of the heavenly hosts at the birth of the Saviour, whose life was one great example of benevolence and love. At death, what had he to bequeath ? Peace I leave with you, my peace I give unto you." ..." Love to God and man, was by the Saviour made the criterion of our relation to Him, and interest in the blessings of his purchase. He left in charge this new command ment, ' As I have loved you, that ye also love one another.' " . . . " Dear brother, I cordially give you my right hand, as a public declaration that you are embraced in our fellowship, in taking a part in the ministry of reconciliation. ' We have one master, even Christ, and all we are brethren.' " . . . "Breth ren of this church of Christ, we, the elders and mes sengers of the churches salute you, and with you re joice that the eminent abilities and usefulness of your senior pastor have been so long continued. Need we exhort you to remember and honor the aged priest so long as he liveth ; we also rejoice that the pastor now inducted to office was so highly esteemed for his work's sake, as to be the man of your unanimous choice. May your mutual affections be as the dew of Hermon, and as the dew that descended upon the mountains of Zion, for there the Lord commanded the blessing, even life for ever more." Mr. Chicker ing died March 12, 1812, in the fifty-eighth year of his age, and the thirty-fifth year of his pastorate ; and his remains lie entombed near his people, and the children he loved so well. His successor, the Rev. William Cogswell, was born at Atkinson, N. H., June 5, 1787 ; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1811, and was principally guided in his theological studies by the Rev. Dr. Worcester, of Salem. During his ministry seventy-four became members of the church, sixty-eight were united in marriage, and for one hundred and sixteen he performed the last sad rite. Dr. Cogswell was a ready writer, and one of the ablest divines in the State. Many of his published sermons and addresses can be found in the parish, and so will make no quotations. His " Assistant to Family Religion," a duodecimo volume of four hundred and four pages, in a few years passed three editions, and his " Theological Class Book," published and stereotyped in 1833, was republished in England. " A Catechism on the Doctrines and Duties of Religion," in two parts, passed through several editions. He was dismissed that he might take the general agency of the American Education Society.1 His successor in the ministry, Rev. Harrison G. Park, was ordained by the same council which dis missed Dr. Cogswell. Mr. Park was born at Provi dence, R. I., July 26, 1806 ; was graduated at Brown University in 1824. After leaving college he studied law two years with the Hon. Mr. Fisk, of Wrentham, and Bradford Sumner, Esq., of Boston. He studied theology with Dr. Wisner, of Boston, and at the Theological Seminary, Princeton, N. J. His pastor ate continued about six years. Mr. Park was a good sermonizer and an able man. After his removal from this place he was settled over the Second Society in Danvers,2 and subsequently at Burlington, and at 1 Leaving the parish where for fourteen years he had labored with great success, he entered June 27, 1S29, upon his new duties. On the death of the Rev. Dr. Cornelius, in 1832, he was elected secretary and director of that society. After a period of twelve years of most incessant labor, on account of failing health, he' tendered his second resignation, April 14, 1841. January 12th of this year, he had been elected a professor in Dartmouth College. He very soon established " The Northern Academy of Arts and Sciences," and in the course of three years he collected twelve hundred bound volumes and five thousand pamphlets, and secured some twenty-two thousand dollars to the funds of the college. Nov. 22, 1843, he was elected president of the Gilmanton Theological Seminary, and professor of Christian Theology. His last work was to edit the sixth volume of the New Hampshire Historical Collec tions. He died April IS, 1850. ' While at Danvers he was called to deliver a funeral dis course in memory of the Rev. Mr. and Mrs. Cowles, pastor of the First Church, who, with his wife, was lost at sea by the 508 HISTOBY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. Burnardston. The last years of his life were passed in this town, where he took a deep interest in all that pertained to its welfare. His successor, the Bev. Calvin Durfee, was born in Pittsfield, Mass., Oct. 6, 1797 ; graduated from Wil liams College : studied theology with the Bev. Dr. Woodbridge, of Hadley ; ordained at Hunter, New York; resigned in 1835; installed March 6, 1836, over the Second Parish in Dedham ; resigned in 1 857 ; spent three years in Brookline, Ohio ; and on the resig nation of the Rev. Dr. Peters was appointed financial agent of Williams College. Some of his sermons are preserved in the parish or pastors' library. Dr. Durfee's principal work is the "Annals of Williams,'' on which it is said he spent a quarter of a century. Dr. Irenasus Prime, in his introduction, speaks of it as one of the most extraordinary literary compilations of the present day. He died in 1879, aged eighty-two years. Rev. Moses M. Colburn, sixth pastor of the First Church, was born at Fair Haven, Vt., Sept. 17, 1819; graduated from the University of Vermont; studied theology at the Andover Seminary ; spent fourteen years of pastoral life in South Dedham ; re moved to Waukegan, 111., where he labored four years. In 1870 we find him at St. Joseph, Mich., where death closed his pastorate in 1876, in the fifty- seventh year of his age. Mr. Colburn is spoken of as a faithful pastor- and a good man, as one deeply interested in the youth of the town and parish, and admirably adapted to guide them in the way to honor and respectability. One printed discourse, the " Comfortless Christian," re mains iu the society. Rev. Ebenezer Fisher was born in Charlotte, Me. (then a part of Massachusetts), Feb. 15, 1815. It is said he was a lineal descendant of David Fisher, who was here as early as 1730, and died in 1791, aged seventy-four years. Mr. Fisher was licensed to preach in 1840 ; in 1841 was settled at Addison Point, Mo. ; May 18, 1747, was installed over the Univer salist Church in Salem. This pastorate continued about six years. Oct. 7, 1853. resigned his charge on account of ill health ; November, 1853, was in stalled in due form over the Universalist Society in South Dedham. As a temperance man he pushed forward the good work Mr. Thompson had begun, and exerted a wholesome influence wherever he moved. April 15, 1858, Dr. Fisher was inaugurated professor and head of the Theological Seminary in foundering of the " Hope," which was published by request and is still preserved in this parish. Canton, N. Y. During his connection of twenty- one years with that institution he had seen more than one hundred students, whose minds he had in a great measure moulded and fashioned, settled in the Universalist pulpits in our land. He died sud denly Feb. 21, 1879, on his way to his recitation- rooms in the seminary. Deacon John Everett, son of Capt. John Everett, and grandson of Richard Everett, one of the original founders of Dedham, settled in that part of Stough ton which was annexed to Dedham. He married Mercy Brown, Jan. 3, 1700. In the act of incorporation of the precinct, he is named as a " principal inhabitant." On the organization of the church, in 1736, he was elected the first deacon. From the records of the church and parish, he appears to have been an active, intelligent, and pious man, laboring for the good of all. He died March 20, 1751, aged seventy-five years. Deacon Ebenezer Everett, son of Deacon John, was born Aug. 5, 1707 ; married Joanna Stevens; was chosen deacon Nov. 30, 1760 ; died June 19, 1778. He was the father of the Bev. Moses Everett, ninth minister of Dorchester, and the Bev. Oliver Everett, fourth pastor of the New South Church, Boston, and grandfather of the Hon. Alexander H., and the illustrious orator and statesman, Governor Edward Everett. Capt. and Deacon Ebenezer Everett was born Oct. 7, 1734; Dec. 16, 1756, married Abigail Bacon. He was a. veteran of the French war ; enlisted May 7, 1755 ; marched with Capt. Fales through the wilder ness to Albany, from thence to Lake George, and was undoubtedly in the battle of September 8th, as his company was engaged and lost heavily. He was chosen deacon July 30, 1778 ; died Oct. 1, 1808. Willard Everett, grandson of Deacon Ebenezer (2), was chosen deacon Jan. 14,1834; died March 17, 1851, aged fifty-six years. Willard Everett (2) was chosen deacon Oct. 28, 1852 ; died Nov. 27, 1857, aged thirty-five years, In the midst of an active and highly useful life he passes from us ; " but the righteous shall be in ever lasting remembrance.'' When Ezra Morse was driven from his mill-seat, on Mother Brook, the town "gave him a grant of forty acres of land near the Neponset Biver, or at the old saw-mill,1 or at Everett plain, where he might find it most to his satisfaction." He also had leave to erect a saw-mill on Hawes Brook on the way leading 1 This was probably built about 1664 by Joshua Fisher on the Neponset River. NORWOOD. 509 to the south meadow. His son Ezra was born Jan. 28,1671. On the formation of the church, 1736, he was chosen deacon, and subsequently gave to the church the meadow-land they now hold, and died Oct. 17, 1760, aged ninety years, honored and respected. Mr. Jonathan Dean, chosen deacon July 18, 1736, continued to fill that office till March 28, 1870, at which time he passed away in the fullness of a ripe old age, numbering ninety-three years. Deacon Nathaniel Sumner, son of Edward Sumner, of Roxbury, born April 10, 1720, was a graduate of Harvard, class of 1739. Studied theology, but never took upon himself the ministerial office; Oct. 18, 1752, was chosen deacon ; 1768, was sent as a dele gate to the convention held in Faneuil Hall. Repre sentative to the General Court for the sessions of 1756-57, 1762, 1769, and 1770, and a member of the Board of the Selectmen for nineteen years. Died Dec. 23, 1802, aged eighty-two years. Willard Gay, Esq., was born Jan. 3, 1818, ap pointed justice of the peace in 1858, postmaster in 1861. These offices he continued to hold to the close of life. Assistant assessor United States from 1861 till the district was abolished ; after that, assistant collector till a further alteration was made, and the number of officials reduced. A member of the Board of Selectmen of Dedham for several years, and also of Norwood during the first three years of its exist ence. On the organization of the Universalist Church, in 1856, he was chosen deacon and treasurer, which offices he continued to hold while his valuable life was spared. Hon. Joseph Day was born in Walpole July 25, 1807. His education was such as the common dis- trist school afforded sixty years ago. At the age of sixteen years he left home to learn the currier's trade. When twenty, he came to South Dedham and en gaged as a journeyman in that same business for the late John Smith. He was absent some four years, engaged in the same business, and then returned to South Dedham, and joined Isaac Ellis in erecting a paper-mill for the manufacturing of wrapping-paper, on the spot where Isaac Ellis' mill now stands. In two years he returned to his old business of tanning, and opened a shop, where he continued ten or eleven years. In 1844 or 1845 he established, in connection with Mr. A. L. White, the house in Boston now known as Day, Wilcox & Co. In about eight years Mr. White withdrew from the firm, and Mr. Day re ceived as partners D. W. Wilcox. Lyman Rhoads, and his son Lewis. In 1 864 he withdrew from the firm. He served some years as one of the assessors of Ded ham, a director in the Dedham National Bank, a representative to the General Court in 1843--44, a senator from Norfolk County in 1856-57 (serving as a member of the Committee on Prisons and Reforma tory Institutions). Deacon Curtis G. Moore, born Dec. 18, 1805, contributed seventeen hundred and seventy dollars towards the erection of the Baptist meeting-house, but as his left hand knew not what his right hand did, it is impossible to make any estimate of his benefactions. On the organization of the church, in 1858, he was chosen deacon, and continued in office till his death. He left by will two thousand dollars to the church, the income to be used for the support of the gospel. Joel M. Baker, born Sept. 9, 1808, was connected with the Baptist Society, and was largely instrumental in building up the same. His gifts, when their meeting-house was in process of construction, amounted to two thousand eight hundred and ninety-five dollars, and from 1858 till the time of his death (May 21, 1878) he must, at least, have contributed, besides the above gifts, twenty-five hundred dollars more, for his hands were always open and ready to balance the accounts of the society at the end of the year. We will now pause in our narrative and turn back to the time when the cohorts of slavery unfurled the black flag of treason and marshaled their untaught hordes for carnage and strife, and to the gathering of freemen to save the Union and the priceless heritage for which our fathers fought. From this parish went forth for three years, — James Pinney, Co. F, 2d Regt.; enl. May 26, 1861; must, out May 25, 1864. James M. Pond, sergt., Co. F; enl. Aug. 24, 1861; pro. 1st sergt.; pro. 1st lieut. Jan. 15, 1864; re-enl. October, 1864, and trans, to 32d Regt. Joseph W. Pratt, sergt., Co. F; enl. Aug. 24, 1861; disch. in 1861 for sickness. Elias W. Adams, Co. F, enl. Aug. 24, 1861; disch. in 1862 for wounds received at second Bull Run; re-enl. and must, out July 12, 1S65. George W. Brigham, Co. F, enl. Aug. 24, 1861; pro. corp. in 1861, sergt. in 1862; prisoner at exp. of service. Sumner A. Ellis, Co. F, enl. Aug. 24, 1S61 ; disch. in 1862 for wounds received at second Bull Run; re-enl. Jan. 12, 1864; disch. for disability June 17, 1865. Franklin Fisher, Co. F, enl. Aug. 24, 1861; disch. in 1863 for sickness. William P. Fairbanks, Co. F, enl. August, 1861; re-enl. Jan uary, 1864, and trans, to 32d Regt. Henry L. Hayford, Co. F, enl. Aug. 24, 1861; re-enl. January, 1864; trans, to 32d Regt. Chester R. Lawton, Co. F, enl. Aug. 24, 1S61; pro. corp. in 1862; re-enl. January, 1864; disch. under G. O. in 1864. Patrick Mears, Co. F, enl. Aug. 24, 1861; disch. in 1863 for wounds received at second Bull Run. William J. Marsh, Co. F, enl. Aug. 24, 1861 ; disch. in 1861 for sickness. 510 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. George E. Pond, Co. F, enl. Aug. 24, 1861; disch. in 1861 for sickness ; re-enl. in Co. D, 42d Regt., Sept. 12, 1862 ; must. out July 30, 1863. Austin E. Pratt, Co. F, enl. Aug. 24, 1861 ; disch. in 1863 for wounds received at Gettysburg. Charles G. Rogers, Co. F, enl. Aug. 24, 1861 ; pro. corp. in 1863; must, out Sept. 2, 1864. Henry R. Ellis, musician. Julius Bockme, Co. B, 20th Regt. ; enl. July 26, 1861 ; re-enl. Feb. 23, 1864; wounded in May, 1864. Charles J. Haas, Co. B, enl. July 26, 1861 ; must, out Aug. 1, 1864. Edward R. Pond, Co. I, 24th Regt.; enl. Oct. S, 1861; disch. April, 1863, for disability. Charles D. Pond, sergt., Co. I; enl. Aug. 16, 1862; must, out June 9, 1865. Ferdinand Steiner, Corp., Co. I; enl. Aug. 16, 1862; must, out June 9, 1865. Charles D. Force, Corp., Co. I; enl. Aug. 16, 1862; must, out June 9, 1865. John G. Dymond, Corp., Co. I; enl. Aug. 16, 1862; died at Hampton, Va., March 29, 1863. Ephraim A. Roberts, lifer and bugler, Co. I; enl. Aug. 16, 1862; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps in 1864. Clinton Bagley, Co. I, enl. Aug. 16, 1862 ; pro. Corp., sergt., 1st sergt., and sergt. -maj. ; pro. 2d lieut. Sept. S, 1864, declined commission; must, out June 9, 1865. Henry Bauer, Co. I, enl. Aug. 16, 1862; pro. Corp.; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps in 1863. John H. Birch, Co. I, enl. Aug. 16, 1862; died of fever Aug. 15, 1863, at Overton Hospital, Memphis, Tenn. Miohael Colbert, Co. I, enl. Aug. 16, 1862; killed at Petersburg Mine July 30, 1864. George V. Dean, Co. I, enl. Aug. 16, 1862; disch. in 1862 for sickness. Francis Donley, Co. I, enl. Aug. 16, 1862; must, out June 9, 1865. Moses W. Downs, Co. I, enl. Aug. 16, 1862 ; disabled by wounds received at North Anna River May, 1864; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps in 1864. Albert Ellis, Co. I, enl. Aug. 16, 1862; pro. Corp.; must, out June 9, 1865. Alfred Ellis, Co. I, enl. Aug. 16, 1862; pro. corp. and sergt.; must, out June 9, 1865. Warren Ellis, Co. I, enl. Aug. 16, 1862; must, out June 9, 1865. Henry Fisher, Co. I, enl. Aug. 16, 1862 ; taken prisoner at Pop lar Grove Church Sept. 30, 1864; exchanged in 1865; must, out June 9, 1865. Alfred T. Hartshorn, Co. I, enl. Aug. 16, 1862; disch. in 1863 for sickness. John Hyde, Jr., Co. I, enl. Aug. 16, 1862; must, out June 9, 1865. Canrad Kril, Co. I, enl. Aug. 16, 1862 ; must, out June 9, 1865. Henry Kril, Co. I, enl. Aug. 16, 1862; must, out June 9, 1865. Albert G. Ober, Co. I, enl. Aug. 16, 1862; must, out June 9, 1865. Conrad Rausch, Co. I, enl. Aug. 16, 1862; disch. in 1862 for wounds received at Antietam. Conrad Schneider, Co. I, enl. Aug. 16, 1862 ; disch. in 1863 for sickness. Hiram Shufelett, Co. I, enl. August, 1862; pro. corp. and sergt.; diseh. for wounds received at the Petersburg mine. John L. Smith, Co. I, enl. Aug. 16, 1862 ; pro. corp., color Corp., sergt., and 1st sergt. ; pro. 2d lieut. Jan. 9, 1865 ; not mus tered; must, out June 9, 1865. Charles H. Sulkoski, Co. I, enl. Aug. 16, 1862 ; killed at An tietam Sept. 17, 1862. William J. Wallace, Co. I, enl. Aug. 16, 1862; taken prisoner at Poplar Grove Church Sept. 30, 1864; exchanged in 1865; must, out June 9, 1865. Joseph P. White, Co. I, enl. Aug. 16, 1862 ; killed at Antie tam Sept. 17, 1862. Nine Months' Men, Forty-third Regiment. Alvin Fuller, sergt., Co. D ; enl. Sept. 12, 1862 ; must, out Julj 30, 1863. E. Phineas Guild, Corp., Co. D ; enl. Sept. 12, 1862 ; must, out July 30, 1863. Elbridge P. Boyden, eorp., Co. D; enl. Sept. 12, 1862; must. out July 30, 1863. Frank D. Hayward, musician, Co. D; enl. Sept. 12, 1862; re- enl. II. S. Signal Corps March, 1864; must, out Aug. 17, 1865. Willard Babbitt, Co. D, enl. Sept. 12, 1862 ; must, out July 30, 1863. Jarvis G. Fairbanks, Co. D, enl. Sept. 12, 1862; must, out July 30, 1863. Edwin E. Fisher, Co. D, enl. Sept. 12, 1862; must, out July 30, 1863. William H. Gay, Co. D, enl. Sept. 12, 1862; must, out July 30, 1863. Clarence M. Guild, Co. D, enl. Sept. 12, 1862; must, out July 30, 1863. Charles J. Guild, Co. D, enl. Sept. 12, 1862; must, out July 30, 1863. Charles E. Hartshorn, Co. D, enl. Sept. 12, 1862; disch. April 25, 1863, for sickness. Francis P. Ide, Co. D, enl. Sept. 12, 1862 ; must, out July 30, 1863. A. Mason Morse, Co. D, enl. Sept. 12, 1862 ; must, out July 30, 1863. Charles H. Morse, Co. D, enl. Sept. 12, 1862; must, out July 30, 1863. Joseph E. Morse, Co. D, enl. Sept. 12, 1862 ; must, out July 30, 1863. Sanford O. Morse, Co. D, enl. Sept. 12, 1862 ; must, out July 30, 1863. George E. Pond, Co. D, enl. Sept. 12, 1862 ; must, out July 30, 1863. Edwin Pratt, Co. D, enl. Sept. 12, 1862 ; must, out July 30, 1863. William H. Randall, Co. D, enl. Sept. 12, 1862; must, out July 30, 1863. George A. Rhoads, Co. D, enl. Sept. 12, 1862; must, out July 30, 1863. George L. Rhoads, Co. D, enl. Sept. 12, 1862 ; must, out July 30, 1863. Joseph U. Richardson, Co. D, enl. Sept. 12, 1862; must, out July 30, 1863. Bennett O. Richards, Co. D, enl. Sept. 12, 1862; must, out July 30, 1863. Charles H. Shackley, Co. D, enl. Sept. 12, 1862; must, out July 30, 1863. James F. Shepleigh, Co. D, enl. Sept. 12, 1862 ; must, out July 30, 1863. Alfred M. Shepleigh, Co. D, enl. Sept. 12, 1862; must, out July 30, 1863. Henry A. Shaw, Co. D, enl. Sept. 12, 1862 ; must, out July 30, 1863. George H. Smith, Co. D, enl. Sept. 12, 1862; must, out July 30, 1863. William R. Tibbetts, Co. D, enl. Sept. 12, 1862 ; must, out July 30, 1863. Albert G. Webb, Co. D, enl. Sept. 12, 1862; must, out July 30, 1863. NORWOOD. 511 James M. Wood, Co. D, enl. Sept. 12, 1862; must, out July 30, 1863. Ithamar W. Copeland, Co. K, 44th Regt.; enl. Sept. 12, 1862 ; disch. Jan. 14, 1863, for sickness. James T. Holmes, Co. C, 61st Regt. (one year); enl. Sept. 17, 1864; must, out June 4, 1865. Henry M. Fales, 16th Battery, Light Artillery (three years); enl. March 11, 1864; must, out June 27, 1865. Lewis P. Baker, Sherman's U. S. Battery. Henry Smith, Co. B, 1st Cav.; enl. September, 1861; disch. Dec. 25, 1862, for disability. Samuel Patterson (Stoughton), Co. I, enl. Sept. 14, 1891 ; trans. to 4th Cav. John E. Richardson, Co. B, enl. Feb. 21, 1S63 ; died in rebel prison Aug. 17, 1864. Charles E. Barrows, enl. August, 1863; served five years in U.S. Navy. Willard S. Rhoads (son of Deacon Lewis S. Rhoads), enl. in Co. B, 1st Mich. Cav. ; pro. com. -sergt. 2d Cav. Brigade ; killed near Centreville, Va., by guerrillas, Nov. 3, 1863. To Mr. William J. Wallace I am indebted for fore going names of soldiers who went from this parish. The town of Norwood contains some six thousand two hundred and thirty acres of land fit for cultiva tion, with a population of about twenty -five hundred ; distant from Boston fourteen and a quarter miles, with easy communication by the New York and New England Bailroad. It has four churches already defined, one hotel, three dry-goods stores, six grocery stores, apothecary-shop, three markets, a bakery, and everything to make it a desirable place for residence. The first meeting of the citizens of the South Parish, in Dedham, interested in the formation of a town was held in Village Hall, Dec. 22, 1871, at which measures were adopted to secure that end ; and a committee was chosen to appear before the Legisla tive Committee on Towns, and support the petition of George B. Talbot, and two hundred and fifty-one other legal voters within the limits of the old parish lines, which were adopted with but little variation, for the boundaries of the new town of Norwood, except the reception of a small territory, and a few persons from Walpole, whose business and family interests connect them with us. Feb. 23, 1872, the act was approved, and March 6th, the citizens celebrated the birth of their town. His Excellency, Governor Washburn, graced the occasion, and remarked that he thought it unnecessary to call upon any one outside of their number to give them advice. On looking around the room he saw among the mot toes, " Economy, Besponsibility," and he thought by the report of the Committee that that motto was very appropriate.1 He said " each one partook of therepu- JThe petitioners did not employ counsel ; the expense was simply for suoh legal advertisements as were required by the statute. tation of his town, and the character of a town par took of the character of its individuals. It becomes of the greatest importance that whatever we possess, whether of wealth or education, should all be conse crated to work for the community's good." Senator Thomas L. Wakefield, of Dedham, " spoke of the rela tions of the old town of Dedham to the new town of Norwood." He said, " since the year 1635 they had lived together in harmoney, and now they parted without a disagreement. There had been no objection on the part of Dedham, not because they wished for the separation, but because they thought it due to the new community." The Board of Selectmen of Dedham were repre sented by A. B. Endicott and Benjamin Weatherbee, Esqs. The warrant for the first meeting of the town was drawn by Willard Gay, Esq., and made re turnable March 11th. Mr. Gay presided till the clerk was chosen and qualified. Deacon George Lovis was chosen moderator, and the following board of town officers were elected : Samuel E. Pond, J. Edward Everett, Willard Gay, Esq., selectmen ; Ty ler Thayer, Caleb Ellis, George H. Morse, assessors ; Francis Tinker, clerk ; L. Waldo Bigelow, treasurer ; Hon. J. C. Park, Francis 0. Winslow, Bev. E. A. Wyman, school committee ; Capt. C. W. Strout, James Engles, constables, — and Norwood's legal life commenced ; and their first act, after expressing their grateful acknowledgment to the committee who had served them faithfully (Hon. John C. Park, J. Warren Talbot, and Caleb Ellis), was the following : " Resolved, That the citizens of Norwood, in town- meeting assembled, recognize with grateful pleasure the readiness and courtesy with which the citizens of Dedham and Walpole have assisted us in the inaugu ration of our new Town ; and that the clerk be in structed to present a copy of this resolution to the selectmen of Dedham and Walpole." In 1769 the town of Dedham appropriated to the South Parish, as their proportion of the school money for that year, the sum of eighteen pounds and ten shillings (or fifty-five dollars and sixty-seven cents), which was di vided by the parish assessors between the five schools, according to the number of scholars in each. The first appropriation of money made by the town of Norwood was six thousand dollars for the support of her schools ; and, during the twelve years of her ex istence as a town, she has taxed herself for the benefit of her children and youth the sum of sev enty-eight thousand six hundred and fifty dollars, besides erecting two new school-houses, which, with the alterations and improvements in and around the others, and supporting a public library of some three 512 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. thousand volumes, swells the sum to one hundred thousand dollars. Her poor have been well cared for, and comfortable tenements provided, and so clothed that none would suppose they were the wards of the town. Thirty-two thousand two hundred dollars have handsomely smoothed her streets, and seventeen thousand more have opened ways for new and happy homes. Highland Cemetery, contain ing some seventeen acres, has been consecrated as the last resting-place for her departed ones. One hundred and fifty-five new dwellings have been erected, and three hundred and seventy-two thousand dollars added to the value of her estate. Six hundred and twelve have joined her population by birth, two hun dred couples united in marriage, while the icy hand of death has robbed us of some four hundred, many of whom welcomed with us the birth of our town, and with whom we took sweet counsel in all the way of life, and whose names will be long cherished and re membered. Agricultural Products. — 1200 tons of hay, 7074 bushels of potatoes, 5997 bushels Indian corn, 127,- 905 gallons of milk, 300 pounds of butter, 32,514 dozen eggs valued at some over $60,000, besides garden vegetables, berries, and fruits, of which con siderable quantities are sold. Industries. — The New York and New England Machine- and Car-Shops, five in number, built in the most substantial manner, give employment to about three hundred men, and send forth some very fine and comfortable cars. The land — some seventeen acres — upon which they are built, was presented to the company by the citizens of the town. George H. Morrill & Co., manufacturers of printers' ink. This business was founded by Sam uel Morrill, a native of Salsbury, born April 4, 1804. He was a printer, and saw an opening ex isting for a manufactory of this kind. His original establishment was very small, having nothing more than one kettle and a small wooden building for making lampblack. When he removed to South Dedham his two sons (George H. and Samuel S.) became partners. About 1869 this firm was dis solved, and the business continued under the name of George H. Morrill & Co. There are fourteen buildings used in the business, some of them of con siderable size, water-wheel, thirty-five horse-power, and is supplemented by a one hundred and twenty- five horse-power Harris-Corliss steam-engine, steam- pumps, which throw either water or oil, a rotary pump, capable of throwing sixteen hundred gallons per hour, fourteen large Bogardus eccentric- and six Rooler mills, used for grinding ink, and kept con stantly employed from the beginning to the end of the week, four iron mixers, capable of mixing fifteen hundred pounds each, numerous reservoirs and tanks the largest of which is made of heavy boiler-iron and is twenty-five by thirty feet, and has a capacity of fifty thousand gallons, or fifteen hundred barrels, and one other of nearly the same size. At 220 Com mercial Street, San Francisco, Cal., may be found a branch house, which supplies seven-eighths of all the ink used on the Pacific slope and in Mexico. ' They also export largely to South America, India, China, and Japan. Office, 34 Ha wley Street. Boston. By the census of 1880, the value of the ink manufactured by this house was stated at eighty thousand dollars, but since that time it has been largely increased. The manufacturing of raw hides into leather was one of the early industries of South Dedham, and was commenced as early as 1776 by a Mr. Guild, and the business was continued by his family for more than half a century. In 1791, Mr. John Smith, a poor boy of seven years of age, was hired out to Mr. Guild, and, by indomitable will and perseverance under great disadvantages, became successful in business and prominent in town affairs. Mr. George Winslow was born in Brewster in 1800, and at eighteen learned the tanner's and currier's trade with Samuel Guild, of Boxbury. He came to South Dedham in 1826, married the only daughter of John Smith, and founded the business which has been continued with increasing capacity ever since. In 1831 Lyman Smith, son of John, was admitted to the firm, and continued with George Winslow up to 1853, when they dissolved. George W'inslow and sons (Eiisha and George) at the old place, and Lyman Smith & Sons (John E. and Charles L.) removed to the pres ent location of that firm, and builded anew. In 1860, George Winslow retired, and the firm-name became Winslow Brothers, who still manage the ex tensive establishment upon the old site. Tanning law-book leather, roller skins, linings for the boot and shoe trade, and a variety of sheep-leather of different finish and colors adapted to an almost endless di versity of uses. There has been a steady growth of the business, new buildings have been added, steam- power substituted for water-power, and labor-saving machinery invented and introduced, until a capacity of tanning more than a million skins annually has been attained, giving employment to about one hundred and fifty men, with a monthly pay-roll of from five to six thousand dollars. Lyman Smith & Sons, manufacturers of all kinds of sheep and lamb leather. This firm is the out growth of a partnership formed over fifty years ago ^V *byJUI.RitchiB. ^%^J^?£ NOBWOOD. 513 between George Winslow and Lyman Smith ; the firm then doing business at the present location of Winslow Brothers. Dissolved in 1853. Mr. Smith and his sons (John E. and Charles L.) occupied their present location and commenced business under the firm-name of Lyman Smith & Sons. In 1856, Mr. Smith, Sr., retired from the firm, and his sons con tinued the business under the same firm-name. In 1853 there was but one building erected, and the skins simply tanned and sold in the rough ; and the capacity of the establishment was but thirty thousand skins per year, and only four men employed. Their build ings at the present time cover more than one acre of land, and range from one story to five, and give em ployment to one hundred and forty-three men, with a capacity to finish some twenty thousand skins per week, or one million forty thousand per year. The Norwood Iron Foundry was established in 1854 by Spencer Fuller and Isaac Colburn, under the firm- name of Fuller & Colburn. Mr. Colburn withdrew from the firm in 1858. On the death of Mr. Fuller the estate passed into the hands of E. D. Draper & Sons. They give employment to some thirty -five hands, and furnish some seven hundred and forty-two thousand three hundred and seventy-nine pounds of fine iron castings. F. A. Fales, proprietor of the steam-mill for grind ing grains, disposes of 18,000 bushels of corn and as many bushels of oats, 130 tons of bran, 200 tons of ground feed, 150 tons of corn-meal, besides finer grains and flour. The carpet works, for printing floor and carriage oil-cloths, was established about thirty years ago by E. Fisher Talbot. On the death of Mr. Talbot, in 1882, these works passed into the hands of E. E. Pratt & Son. They employ twenty men, and produce one hundred and eighty thousand yards of carpeting annually ; their pay-roll averaging eight hundred dol lars per month. The manufacture of wrapping paper was commenced in 1832 by Isaac Ellis and Joseph Day, under the firm-name of Ellis, Day & Co. In about two years Mr. Day withdrew from the firm, and in a few years the establishment passed into the hands of Paul Ellis, who continued the manufacture of paper and trunk boards some fifteen years, when his sons became part ners. In 1864 the mill was burned and Mr. Ellis, Sr., retired from the business. The mill was rebuilt by Charles, John, and Isaac Ellis, and the business continued under the firm-name of Ellis Brothers until 1876, when the firm was dissolved, and Isaac con tinued the business. In 1878 it was again burned ; the premises were now purchased by Isaac Ellis, and 33 rebuilt in the most substantial manner, and now gives employment to some fifteen persons, and sends to mar ket one hundred and eighty tons of paper annually. Tyler Thayer, builder, has been engaged in business thirty-five years, and has erected two of the four churches, and more than one-half of all the dwelling- houses in the town, besides many in the adjoining towns, all of which his own hands have marked out and prepared for his workmen to frame. The past year he has used 555,500 feet of long lumber, 530,000 shingles, 230,000 laths, at a cost of some $14,600, giving constant employment to eighteen men with a pay-roll of some $8000, and this amount falls below the yearly average. Milton H. Howard, builder, has been engaged in business some five years or more. Owns the steam- planing- and saw-mill, uses some three hundred thou sand or more feet of long lumber, and a like pro portion of laths and shingles, gives employment to eighteen or twenty hands, and has put up some of the finest dwellings in the town. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. LYMAN SMITH. Lyman Smith was born Oct. 22, 1808, in that part of Dedham now Norwood. He was the son of John Smith and Anna Rhoades, and grandson of John Smith and Abigail Morse. On the maternal side his grandparents were Eliphlet Rhoades and Mercy Holland. John Smith, father of Lyman, established himself in a small way as a tanner in his native town, first, in connection with, and afterwards succeeding, Abner Guild. The shops were located where the larger es tablishment of the Winslows now stands. Lyman Smith, like most boys of his day and circumstances, was early taught to labor. His parents were unable to give him other educational advantages than those afforded by the schools of the village. He was pos sessed of a bright, active mind, however, and a re tentive memory, with a decided talent for mathematics, and by attention to his studies during the early years of his boyhood, which constituted his only school days, he familiarized himself with those fundamental elements of an education so necessary to the successful business man. At the age of fifteen he entered his father's tan nery, to learn the business, and that year in partic ular it is said that he used to cart, with ox-teams, 514 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. bark from Boston to his father's tannery. He applied himself earnestly to his work, and thoroughly famil iarized himself with all the minutiae of the business, so that a few years later, when he succeeded to the business, he had that thorough knowledge of practical detail which, together with the acumen and business ability necessary, enabled him to make more than an ordinary success. When he began business for him self, in 1831, he formed a copartnership with his brother-in-law, the late George Winslow, which co partnership continued until 1853, when his sons be coming of age, and the tanning business largely in creasing, Mr. Smith disposed of his interest to Mr. Winslow and erected the large establishment in the village near the railroad station now occupied by his sons. Having seen his sons successfully started in a business career, Mr. Smith, after about three years, withdrew from active partnership in the firm, retaining only a silent interest in the business, which was con ducted under the firm-name of Lyman Smith & Sons. Although he was thus freed from the cares of active business, yet he still retained to the close of his life an unabated interest in all that pertained to his old work, and it was his custom to daily visit the tan neries, inspect the processes, and converse with the workmen, among whom he was universally respected. Mr. Smith was a man of strong individuality. The sterling integrity and high moral standard of his char acter is acknowledged by all who knew him. In man ner he was genial, courteous, and kind ; possessed of a happy, hopeful turn of mind, he carried a cheerful face, and was ever ready with a pleasant word. Suc cessful himself in the business affairs of life, he was never unmindful of the fact that many who were deserving were not equally successful, and his benev olence, while unostentatious, was constantly exercised. He was a man of warm heart, calm judgment, strong in his convictions of right and wrong, and in his likes and dislikes. He was the friend of temperance, free dom, justice, and truth, and the bitter, uncompromis ing foe of whatever tended to debase or degrade man kind. He took an active interest, both before and after he retired from the duties of business, in all measures which would benefit his native town. He assisted largely in the erection of a new and more commodious school-building for the benefit of the youth of the town. He was chosen a director of the Norfolk Mutual Fire Insurance Compauy in 1862 and a director of Dedham National Bank in 1877. He gave his counsel and pecuniary assistance to the Universalist Society in the building of a new church edifice, and assisted in laying out the streets and extending the limits of the growing village. He married Malinda E. Guild. Their children were John E., born Aug. 7, 1830 ; Charles L„ born May 15, 1833 ; Anna M. B. (now the wife of Lewis Day), born Aug. 17, 1836. Mrs. Smith died Oct. 5, 1845. Mr. Smith married, as his second wife, Sept. 8 1846, Ann M. Joy. By this marriage there was no issue. He died May 23, 1883, in his seventy-fifth year. On the day of his funeral, which was very largely attended, all places of business in his native town were closed out of respect to his memory. GEORGE EVERETT. George Everett, son of Deacon Willard and Lucy (Dean) Everett, and grandson of Ebenezer and Sarah Everett, was born in that part of Dedham since set apart as Norwood, Feb. 5, 1826. He is descended through eight generations from Richard Everett, who was one of the original founders of Dedham in 1636. There were two generations of Johns, and three of Ebenezers, Deacon Willard being the son of the last Ebenezer. Willard learned his trade as a cabi net-maker, of the late Jabes Boyden, and succeeded him in that business about the year 1820. He began in a small way, but by dint of earnest application, coupled with a good business talent, he succeeded in building up a large manufactory, and accumulated quite a property for those days. In 1850 his two eldest sons — Willard and George — were admitted to partnership with him, under the firm-name of Wil lard Everett & Co. Nov. 27, 1851, Deacon Willard died. The business was conducted then by his sons, and the original style of firm-name was retained until the dissolution of the firm, in 1868, at which time it consisted of George, J. Edward, and Francis E. Ever- j j < < • • ett. The firm was an enterprising one, and did a large and profitable business. The first extension |jj!!! tables that came into general use were manufactured and placed on the market by this house. Deacon Willard, Jr., another son, was a member of the firm to the time of his death, Nov. 27, 1857. They had a large, well-appointed factory, located near Norwood Central Depot, and large warerooms in Boston. They made a specialty of tables of all kinds, hat-racks, etc, They made only good goods, and commanded the best prices. Upon the dissolution of the firm (1868), George retired from active business pursuits, but such was the native energy of his nature that he continued to be an active man, both mentally and physically, to the day of his death, which occurred suddenly of miite ^A^^^/7, ^kfcT? (UJ ' Jto^/fUVL-^ d-tr~u^C NOBWOOD. 515 heart-disease, in Boston, Jan. 6, 1881, in his fifty- fifth year. He married, July 27, 1847, Julia D., daughter of Jesse and Julia (Dean) Ellis. Their children were Alice J., born Aug. 6, 1848, died in infancy ; Laura O, born Nov. 10, 1850, died in in fancy ; Willard E., born June 13, 1853 ; George F., born Aug. 7, 1855, died Aug. 23, 1863; Herbert, born July 23, 1859 ; Bichard B., born Jan. 6, 1864. Of these, Willard E. married Ida E. Woodbury, of Ashburnham, Mass., Oct. 2, 1878. They have one child, — Bernice J. They reside in Turner's Falls, Mass., where he is a paper manufacturer. Herbert is a mineralogist, and located in Denver, Col. Richard is with his elder brother, at Turner's Falls, learning paper making. George Everett was benevolent and public-spirited, liberal in all his ideas, and kindly disposed. He al ways manifested much interest in the welfare of those employed by him, or with whom he was brought in contact by business relations. He was a moral man, and was interested in all reform movements ; he was a liberal supporter of the church, though not a mem ber. While he was always ready with material aid to help further any enterprise tending to the build ing up or improvement of his town, yet he would never accept any office, preferring to leave the honors and cares of official life to those whose fancy or tastes led them in that direction, while he faithfully discharged the duties devolving upon him as a private citizen. He was a man of large physique and commanding personal appearance. His untimely death was a grievous surprise to the community in which he lived, all of whom he could claim as his friends. He came of an honorable and worthy ancestry, and was a fair type of New England's sturdy manhood, which fal tering at no obstacles, daunted at no discouragement, but earnest, active, and intelligent, marks out a course and object in life, and follows that course until the object be attained. (For additional history of Everett family, see his tory of Norwood in this volume, by Francis Tinker.) FRANCIS TINKER. If the reader has ever been at Plymouth and vis ited Pilgrim Hall, he may have noticed, on the paling which incloses a fragment of the rock on which the Pilgrim Fathers landed, the names of those who came passengers in the " Mayflower," and among those names he may have observed that of Thomas Tinker. From other records it appears " that the said Thomas Tinker brought with him a wife and two children," and that he died a short time after his arrival. From this humble and short-lived pilgrim our family claim to be descended. The writer of the sketch of the town of Norwood was born Jan. 3, 1816, at Worth ington, Hampshire Co., Mass., of pious parents, and it will suffice for him to say that in every place in which he has been called to reside, he has received every favor from his fellow-citizens to which he was entitled. DAVID SYLVESTER FOGG, M.D. David Sylvester Fogg is descended from two of the pioneer families of New England. He was born in Mer edith, N. H., March 30, 1821, and was the fourth son of Joseph and Judeth (Gilman) Fogg. The Fogg family in this country are descended from a younger son of a family of that name still existing in the south of Eng land. The family estates in England are entailed, and are now held — or were lately — by Sir Charles Fogg. The name of Gilman is found in the early chronicles of Wales. Representatives of these two families came to America in the early part of the seventeenth century, and settled at Exeter, N. H., where were born both the paternal and maternal grandfathers of Dr. Fogg, Stephen Fogg and Bradbury Gilman. When the war of the Revolution came both these gentlemen offered their services to their country ; they were in the battle of Bunker Hill and served subse quently in that war. Soon after the close of the war they each married, and together moved to Meredith, N. II., where they took up contiguous tracts of wild land on the shore of Lake Winnipiseogee, which they cultivated and developed into valuable farms, and which are now in the possession of their descendants. They were among the early settlers of that part of New Hampshire. Joseph Fogg, son of Stephen and father of Dr. David S., held a commission as captain of New Hampshire militia in the war of 1812-14. David S. Fogg obtained his academical education at Holmes' Plymouth Academy and Dartmouth Col lege. He studied medicine with Josiah Cosbey, M.D., of Manchester, N. H., and took the degree of doctor in medicine at Dartmouth Medical School in 1845. The subsequent year he spent in the medical schools and hospitals of Philadelphia, — then the centre of medical learning in this country. In 1846 he set tled in the south parish of Dedham (now the town of Norwood), in Norfolk Co., Mass. He soon obtained an extensive practice in this and surrounding towns, which he has sustained from that time to the present, 516 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. when at the age of sixty-three he is still in active practice, and is among the oldest and most successful practitioners of the county. During the course of his practice he has received repeated professional calls from almost every town in the county. He is a member of the Norfolk Medical Society, Massachusetts Med ical Society, and the American Medical Associa tion. In 1861 he was a volunteer surgeon in the Peninsular campaign. On the organization of the boards of enrollment, he was appointed by President Lincoln surgeon of the board for the Seventh Massa chusetts Division, headquarters at Concord, Mass., and served in that office till the close of the war, when he returned home and resumed his practice in Dedham and adjacent towns. Dr. Fogg enjoys in an eminent degree the confidence of those who know him, not only as a skillful medical practitioner, but as an honest, honorable, earnest man ; he is distinguished for his sobriety, integrity, and love of right, for his gentle demeanor and kindly feeling. He married, 1847, Mary B., youngest daughter of Bev. Thomas W. Tucker, of the Methodist Episcopal Church, who was at that time stationed at Dorchester, Lower Mills. Mr. Tucker, father of Thomas, was born in England ; came when a young man to America, settled in Boston, and married Hannah Wait, of Medford. Thomas was the youngest of several children ; received his education at the public schools, joined the Bromfield Street Methodist Church and at the age of nineteen was licensed to preach. At the age of twenty-one he became a regularly or dained minister of that denomination, and continued in active service more than sixty years. On his ordi nation he joined the New England Conference, was appointed one of its itinerant preachers, and assigned to the circuit of New Hampshire and Vermont. He married Mary Orn, of Charleston, N. H., a woman of very superior qualities of mind and heart, and who became a true helpmeet to him and a sharer of all his joys and sorrows, and was honored in the church and conference as a " mother in Israel." As a preacher, Mr. Tucker was eminently successful, and as a faithful worker in the cause of his Master he had few, if any, equals ; winning large numbers to a belief in and practice of the principles of religion, and greatly augmenting the membership of the church. Among his early and special converts was E. T. Taylor, the well-known and celebrated " sailor preacher" of Boston. Mr. Tucker died in Chelsea in 1871, aged eighty years. Thus passed from earth one whose whole life exemplified the highest Christian virtues. Following in the footsteps of his Master, he has doubtless received the welcome plaudit, " Well done, thou good and faithful servant, enter thou into the joy of thy Lord." Dr. Fogg's children — four sons and two daughters — were all born in Dedham (now Norwood). The eldest son, Irving S., M.D., is a graduate of Harvard, and is now practicing medicine with his father. Ralph M. is a dentist in Boston. The younger children are still pursuing their education. Mrs. Fogg is quite skillful as a landscape artist, as the many productions of her brush which adorn the walls of their pleasant home will attest. OTIS MORSE. Otis Morse, of Norwood, is ninth in descent from Samuel, the first of the American line, who was born in England in 1585, emigrated to New England in 1635, settled at Dedham in 1637, died in Medfield, April 5, 1654. The line of descent is Samuel1, John2, Ezra3, David4, David5, Samuel6, Oliver7, Oliver8 (who married Azubah Gay), Otis9, born in Norwood (then South Dedham), March 12, 1809. When about twelve years of age, as was usual with boys iD the early days of our country, being one of a family of nine children and with limited means, Otis left home and went to work on the farm of one of the most progressive farmers in the section, Benjamin Weth- erbee ; there he remained four years, fixing himself in those habits of industry and perseverance which have been his help to success. Mr. Witherbee, prizing his services, endeavored to retain him until he was twenty- one. But Otis was determined to be a blacksmith, and learned the trade at a shop about two miles east of his present residence ; stayed there until he was nearly twenty-two, then was employed by his cousin in a shop near the present Norwood Hotel. About six months after that he went in business for himself and erected a shop near his present house, purchasing the land and an uncompleted house, which he finished and made his home, and shortly starting for himself, bought the business of his cousin, thus having two establish ments to occupy him. He ran these two shops for three years. His health at that time was much im paired ; he had injured himself shoeing stage horses, and was obliged to cease work for a year before he built his shop. He came of a consumptive family, three of his brothers dying of that disease, but in Mr. Morse that tendency developed into stomach trouble, dyspepsia, and continued until he was fifty- two years old. After his health failed he formed a partnership with Nathaniel Noyes, of Dedham, to make carriages and do blacksmith's work, as Morse & c^^^^e^ NEEDHAM. 517 Noyes, in 1833. He still holds an interest in the business, which has been carried on under the name of " Otis Morse" for nearly forty years. He manu factured and built iron fence for twenty-five years, and for thirty years has conducted the undertaking business. He owns several tenements which be lets. As an evidence of his industry, during the year of his illness he ran a fish-cart for several months. Mr. Morse married, first, Frances L. Boyden, by whom he had one child who attained maturity, Edward B. ; he is a resident of Boston, and an active business man. Mrs. Frances Morse died Oct. 10, 1838, aged twenty- three years, and Nov. 20, 1839, Mr. Morse married, second, Hannah (Day) Polleys (daughter of John and Hannah (Day) Polleys; she was born July 25, 1809. Otis Morse is a man of modest character, of high integrity, indefatigable and close in his ap plication to his work, honest and prudent. From nothing he has won success and a competency for his old age in the community where his goings out and comings in have been known to all men. Faithful in all his relations, none speak of him but in praise of the worthiness of his character as a man, and of the skill he displayed as a workman in anything he un dertook. Mr. Morse has done much to build up his native town, has assisted many people in starting business, built several houses and shops, was interested in the foundry that was built, and to him, with a few others, the prosperity of Norwood is largely due to-day. Politically he is a Bepublican. His religious belief is that of the Orthodox Congregationalists. In the home circle his labors have been ably and warmly seconded by his cheerful wife, the companion of more than forty years. Truly it may be said of Mr. Morse, " having put his hand to the plow, he looketh not back," and in his old age enjoys the results of indus try and perseverance. CHAPTER XL. NEEDHAM. Indian Occupation— Original Purchase in 1680 — Consideration —First Settlements— Petition for Preaching in 1709 — Petition for Act of Incorporation — Opposed by Dedham — Lands for Support of Ministry — Incorporation of Town — Named after Needham in England — The First Town-Meeting — Selectmen Elected — Burying-Ground — The First Minister — First Meet ing-House— Westerly Precinct Set Off— The First Church Bell — Early Educational Interests — Social Library. The territory embraced within the bounds of the present town of Needham originally formed a portion of Dedham, and belonged to an Indian by the name of William Nehoiden, of whom it was purchased by the inhabitants of Dedham on the 13th of April, 1680. The consideration being ten pounds in money, fifty acres of land, and a quantity of Indian corn to the value of forty shillings. The first settlements were made in the northeastern part of the town, but the precise period cannot be ascertained. It is probable, however, that it was not long after the purchase from Nehoiden. The ancient records of Dedham show that a settlement existed here in March, 1694, and July 2, 1705, the select men of the mother town granted a license to Benja min Mills to keep a public-house near the Lower Falls. It is evident that quite a number had located here prior to 1709, for on the 9th of March, of that year, the inhabitants petitioned the town of Dedham for a grant of eight pounds to defray the expense of three months' preaching among themselves, which was granted. Incorporation of Town.— The settlement having now increased to a considerable extent, in May, 1710, a petition for incorporation as a separate town was presented to the General Court. This petition was signed by the following persons : Benjamin Mills, Andrew Dewing, John Fisher, Ephraim Ware, Bich ard More, Robert Cook, Jeremiah Woodcock, Henry Alden, Thomas Metcalf, Benjamin Mills, Jr., Eleazer Kingsbury, Ebenezer Ware, James Kingsbury, Josiah Kingsbury, Joseph Hawes, Jonathan Dewing, John Smith, Jr., Thomas Fuller, Robert Fuller, Christo pher Smith, John Gill, John Parker, Jr., John Mclntire, Isaac Parker, Hezekiah Broad, Matthias Ockinton, Andrew Dewing, Jr., William Mills, Zech ariah Mills, Jonathan Parker, Timothy Kingsbury, Samuel Bacon, Andrew Wadkins, Joshua Smith, Samuel Parker, John Fisher, Jr., John Woodcock, Edward Cook, Stephen Hunting, John Parker. This petition, however, was opposed by the town of Dedham, and a committee was chosen by that town to appear at the October session of the General Court and remonstrate against the division. The General Court did not immediately grant the prayer of the petitioners, but advised the inhabitants of Dedham to exempt the petitioners from paying taxes for the sup port of the minister then settled in their town, pro vided they would have preaching among themselves. This advice was complied with by a vote of the town November 13th following. In addition to this, March 19, 1711, the proprie tors of undivided land in Dedham granted to the set tlers here two lots of land, containing about one hun dred and thirty-three acres, for the support of the ministry. 518 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. Although the situation of the inhabitants was now virtually that of a separate precinct, yet they perse vered in their efforts for incorporation as a town, and on the 5th of November, 1711, the General Court granted an order incorporating that portion of Ded ham north of the Charles River under the name of Needham. What gave the new town the name of Needham is not definitely known, but Rev. Stephen Palmer, who was an authority on the local history of this town, in a note to an historical address delivered by him in 1811, says, "The author has been informed by one of the descendants of the venerable Timothy Dwight, of Dedham, who was a member of the Legislature when this town was incorporated, that it was named Needham at the request of Governor Dudley after Needham in England, and because that town is near to Dedham, although in a different county." The first town-meeting was held Dec. 4, 1711, when the following selectmen were chosen : John Fisher, John Smith, Benjamin Mills, and Bobert Cook. Timothy Kingsbury was chosen town clerk. Bobert Cook was also the first representative to the General Court, May 19, 1712. At the same meeting (Dec. 4, 1711) the select men, with Jonathan Gay, Jeremiah Woodcock, Thomas Metcalf, and Eleazer Kingsbury, were made a committee to select a suitable place for burying the dead. In less than two months from the incorporation of the town (Dec. 25, 1711) the inhabitants voted to build a house for public worship. This house was raised in 1712, and in 1713-15 money was granted for finishing various parts of it; " but," says Mr. Pal mer, " it does not appear that the house was entirely finished, nor is there any account that it was ever dedicated." The first candidate to preach to them was a Mr. Dewing, March 16, 1713, but the first regular pastor was Bev. Jonathan Townsend, or dained March 23, 1720. The church chose Mr. Townsend, Thomas Metcalf, and Josiah Newell as deacons, all of whom declined, when Jeremiah Wood cock aud Timothy Kingsbury were chosen, and ac cepted. The first baptism was Ruth, child of Deacon Tim othy Kingsbury, July 3, 1720. The Westerly Precinct was set off Oct. 3, 1774, and in 1778 was made a separate society. " A church bell was for the first rung in this town" Nov. 15, 1811. The educational interest of the town received the early attention of the first settlers, and in their peti tion for incorporation they expressed a concern for the education of their children. In 1796 a social library was established in the town. CHAPTER XLI. NEEDHAM— (Continued). War of the Revolution — The Battle of Lexington — Needham's Prompt Response — Her Citizens perform Efficient Service — They harass the British Retreat from Lexington and Concord — Ephraim Bullard alarms the Minute-men — List of Names Composing Needham Companies — VJapt. Aaron Smith's Com pany of Militia — Capt. Caleb Kingsbury's Company of Minute-Men — Capt. Robert Smith's Company — Sketches of the Killed — Incidents — Votes of the Town during the Rev olutionary Period. War of the Revolution. — In the first battle of the war of the Revolution five citizens of Needham sacrificed their lives, and " cemented with their blood the foundation of American liberty." In pro portion to its population Needham suffered more severely than any other town except Lexington, Three companies with full ranks hastened to the com bat. Capt. Kingsbury's company numbered forty men, Capt. Aaron Smith's seventy men, Capt. Robert Smith's seventy-five men, one hundred and eighty- five in all. It is probable that few, if any, able-bodied men remained at home. The news of the battle reached Needham about nine o'clock in the morning, the messenger passing through the town to Dover and Dedham. The East Company, commanded by Capt. Robert Smith, immediately assembled at the meeting-house, and marched to Watertown, where refreshments were furnished. They then hastened on to the scene of action, where they did efficient service in harassing the British troops in their hurried retreat from Lexington and Concord. There is a tradition that the alarm was given at the west part of the town by a man who rode through the place bare-headed. At that time Ephraim Bul lard kept a tavern on the Sherborn road. This house stood near where the stone lodge at the entrance to the college grounds now stands. Bullard went up on the hill near by, and discharged a gun three times as a signal. Great fires were made in the house and bullets moulded, the women assist ing in the work. The men were supplied and sent off as fast as possible. It is said that the West Need ham men reached the scene of conflict a little in ad vance of the East Company, having received the alarm earlier. The following is a list of the names of the men composing the Needham companies, copied from the original muster-rolls on file in the State archives: NEEDHAM. 519 "A Roll of Capt. Aaron Smith's Company of militia, who marched in consequence of the alarrum made on the 19th of April last, in the Regement whereof William Heath, Esq., was then Col., as follows, viz : ' Aaron Smith, capt., 15. Josiah Upham, ensign, 9. William Fuller, sergt., 8. Joseph Daniell, sergt., 11. Jonathan Smith, Corp., 13. Jeremiah Daniell, corp., 11. Moses Bullard, lieut., 13. John Bacon, sergt., 5. Samuel Kilton, sergt., 5. Enoch Kingsbery, corp., 5. Joseph Drury, corp., 8. Joseph Mudg, drummer, 10. Privates. Jona. Whittemore, Jr., 8. Isaac Bacon, 8. David Trull, 5. Lemuel Brackett, 5. John Slack, 4. John Smith, Jr., 11. Joseph Hawes, 14, William K-ingsbery, 7. Timothy Huntting, 12. Seth Broad, 9. Jonathan Kingsbery, 9. Joseph Kingsbery, 13. Jonathan Dunn, 9. Issachar Pratt, 4. Philip Floyd, 8. Samuel Mclntire, 2. Peter Jenison, 5. John Bullard, 5. Eliphelet Kingsbery, Jr., 9. Joseph Hawes, Jr., 9. Ebenezer Huntting, 9. Jeremiah Edes, 8. Moses Huntting, 8. John Smith (3d), 8. John Puller, 4. Uriah Coller, Jr., 7. Moses Bacon, 7. William Huntting, 8. Noah Millard, 2. Total amount £50 Is. 2d. 0/. Needham, March 14, 1776." Stephen Baoon, Jr., 11. Moses Puller, 9. Samuel Brackett, 10. Zebadiah Pratt, 6. Samuel Baley, 6. Daniel Huntting, Jr., 2. Moses Daggett, 15. Daniel Ware, 10. Samuel Daggett, Jr., 8. Benj. Mills, Jr., 14. Samuel Pratt, 1 5. Samuel Woodcock, 10. Jeremiah Smith, 11. Abner Felt, 4. Timothy Bacon, 8. Solomon Flagg, 5. Jos. Kingsbery, Jr., 5. Jeremiah Gay, 5. Jonathan Huntting, 5. Aaron Smith, Jr., 9. Amos Edes, 8. Samuel Smith, 5. Collins Edes, 5. Ithamnr Smith, Jr., 7. Luke Mills, 7. Seth Pratt, 7. Israel Huntting, 7. Samuel Ward, 8. Abiol Smith (Natick), 2. Aaron Smith, Capt. bery, in Col. Davis'^Regiment that March'd in consequence of the Alarm made on the 19th of April, 1775, which is as fol- loweth, viz. : " Colony of the Massa. Bay, Mar. 15th, 1776, Capt. Aaron Smith above named, made oath to the truth of the above roll by him subscribed, according to the best of his knowledge. Be fore Sam'l. Holten, Jus. Peace thro, the Colony." " This copy hath been compared with the original thereof and agrees therewith. " Josiah Johnson, "Jonas Dix. Com.' " Read and allowed and thereupon ordered, that a warrant be drawn on the Treas'r., for £50 7s. 2d. in full discharge of the within roll. " Perez Morton, D. Sec'y." " A muster Roll of the Travel and Service of a Company of Minute men in Needham under the command of Caleb Kings- 1 The figures at the end of the names denote the number of days served. Caleb Kingsbery, capt., 2. Eleazer Kingsbery, 2d It., wounded, 2. Samuel Daggett, sergt., 4. Ephraim Stevens, sergt., 8. Samuel Brown, corpl., 5. Thomas Hall, corpl., 5. John Bacon, 1st It., killed, 1. Daniel Gould, sergt., 5. Isaac Underwood, sergt., 2. Samuel Daniell, cor., 1. Ephraim Bullard, drummer, 5. Ezekiel Richardson, 8. Joseph Mudg, 1. Josiah Ware, 1. David Hall, 1. Jacob Parker, 8. David Smith, 2. Isaac Goodenow, Jr., 15 Samuel Greenwood, 2. Theodore Broad, 5. Nathaniel Kingsbery, 2, Amos Mills (killed), 1. Seth Wilson, 6. Henry Gale, 7. David Hagar, 6. John Fuller, 2. Needham, March 24, Privates. Elijah Houghton, 2. Jesse Kingsbery, 1. Henry Dewing, 7. Stephen Huntting, 8. Jonathan Smith, 1. Moses Felt, 2. Thomas Discomb, 4. Abijah Mills, 11. Josiah Lyon, 2. John Edes, Jr., 2. Nathaniel Chamberlain, killed. Ithamar Smith, 8. Nehemiah Mills, Jr., 9. Jonas Mills, 7. 1776. Caleb Kingsbery. "Colony of the Mass. Bay, Maroh 15, 1776. Captain Caleb Kingsbery within named, made solemn oath to the truth of the withinjtoll by him subscribed, to the best of his knowledge. Before SairM. Holten, Jus. Peace thro' the Colony." " Compared with the original and therewith agrees. " E. Starkweather, "Jno. Torxer, Com." " Read and allowed and ordered that a Warrant be drawn on the Treas'r. for £16 18s. Wid., in full of the within roll. " Perez Morton, D. Sec'y." "A Muster Roll of the Company under the Command of Capt. Robert Smith, in Colonel William Heath's regiment, Needham, January 3, 1776 : Robert Smith, capt., 14. Oliver Mills, It., 12. Silas Alden, ensign, 14. Jona. Gay, sergt., 14. Tho. Fuller, sergt., 14. Eiisha Mills, sergt. (killed), 1. Eleaz. Fuller, sergt., 14. Sam. Alden, corp., 14. Eliakim Cooke, Corp., 12. Sam. Fisher, corp., 14. Eben Day, Corp., 15. Eben Clarke, drummer, 16. Josiah Fisher, fifer, 16. John Mcintosh, 16. Isaac Shepard, 14. Sam. Ware, Jr., 6. Rich'd Blencowe, 8. Jerem. Eaton, 14. Eben Wilkinson, 1. Timo. Dewing, 3. Amos Fuller, Jr., 14. Joseph Stowell, 6. Jere. Woodcock, 4. John Bird, 5. Eben Clark, 3. Timo. Broad, 14. Josiah Dewing, 3. David Mills, 16. Phinehas Coller, 16. Theop. Richardson, 16. John Kitley, 6. Jona. Parker (killed), 1. Josiah Eaton, Jr., 14. Nath. Willson, 10. Moses Eaton, 14. Elmon Tolman, 14. Sam. Edes, 14. Benj. Ware, 6. Benj. Mills, Jr., 14. Aaron Paine, 10. Nathan Newell, 10. Wm. Smith, 4. Sam. Wight, 8. Josiah Newell, Jr., 4. Aaron Smith, Jr., 4. Uriah Coller, 15. John Clark, 16. Rich'd. O'Brian, 9. 520 HISTOBY OF NOBFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. Rich'd. Richardson, 5. Josiah Lyon, Jr., 10. Joseph Ware, 10. Thomas Fisher, 11 . Simeon Fisher, 10. John Tolman, 16. Jona. Kingsbury, 10. Daniel Wight, 10. Eben. Richardson, 11. David Nowell, 10. Elijah Fuller, 16. Jonathan Ware, 6. Sam. Pain, 1. Solomon Fuller, 8. Theop. Richardson, Jr., 14. Ezra Mills, 10. Nath. Fisher, Jr., 14. Philip Mills, 14. Aaron Ayers, 14. Lem. Eaton, 9. William Eaton, 14. Lem. Mills, 7. Aaron Fisher, 12. Robt. Fuller, Jr., 8. Timo. Fisher, 14. Joseph Colburn, Jr., 3. Joseph Colburn, 14. " Suffolk ss., Jan. 2, 1776. The above named Capt. Smith ap peared and made oath that this Muster Roll was carefully made and according to his belief. " Before me Josiah Newell, Justice Peace. " Examined and compared with original by "James Dix, "Edward Rawson, Com." "In Council March 19th, 1776. Read and allowed, there upon ordered that a Warrant be drawn on the Treas'r for £67 17s. lid. in full discharge of the same." The following particulars have been gathered, re lating to the men who were killed. They were all natives of Needham except Chamberlain. Sergeant Eiisha Mills was the son of Zechariah and Margaret (Kenrick) Mills, and was born in 1735 ; married Deborah Lyon on May 10, 1759. Children, — Eiisha, Debby, Elizabeth, Nathaniel, Paul, and George. He was by occupation a blacksmith. He owned the farm on the south road which some few years ago belonged to Mr. Horace Felton. The Mills house was taken down in 1862, by Mr. Felton, who erected a new house a short distance from the old site. It is said that Mills came to his death in the following manner : He with others were in a barn as the main body of the red-coats were passing, the flank guard being close by. Mills stepped out, raised his gun to his shoulder and fired. He instantly fell pierced by a half-dozen balls. His body was brought home the next day in a cart, driven by Aaron Smith, Jr , who afterwards married the widow. Amos Mills, son of Isaac and Abigail (Ward) Mills, was born June 29, 1732. He left a widow and six children. He was a cousin of Eiisha Mills. He lived at the west part of the town, on what is now called Blossom Street. His home has since been known as the Abijah Stevens place. Jonathan Parker was born April 19, 1747, and was, therefore, just twenty-eight years of age at the time of his death. He was the son of Jonathan and Anna (Wight) Parker. Married Jemima Allen June 1, 1769. They had one son, Jonathan. There may have been other children, but their births are not on record. He owned a dwelling-house, barn, and about thirty-six acres of land, appraised in 1776 at one hun dred and sixty-five pounds. The house he occupied was taken down some years ago by the late Spencer Fuller. It stood within a few rods of the residence of Mr. William Pierce. His widow married Deacon Isaac Shepard. According to tradition, Parker and one Aaron Fisher, also of Needham, had sheltered themselves behind a barn to get a shot at the enemy, when they were surprised by the flank guard. Parker was shot making for the woods. Fisher escaped. Lieut. John Bacon lived in that part of Needham set off to Natick in 1797. Born in 1721 ; married Abigail Sawin, 1744. They had nine children. Aus tin Bacon, Esq., a great-grandson of Lieut. Bacon, gives the following interesting account of the circum stances attending the death of his ancestor : " In the night or near morning the alarm was given, and he set off on horseback to join his comrades at the more eastern part of the town, and sent his horse back when they got nearly to the Lower Falls. Soon after he had gone a trumpet sounded, and some Framing ham men came along with one Nero Benson, a negro, for a trumpeter, and every house they passed had a blast. I think it was early the next morning before they heard from him, when one Hawes, they used to call ' Old Hawes,' came home (he was a soldier in the French and Indian war), and gave the following account : That Bacon and himself were on a ledge of rocks in Menotomy behind a stone wall, trying to get a good shot at the red-coats. Hawes was fearful lest the flank guard should surprise them, and kept a lookout. Bacon, with his powder in his hat, was lying behind the wall with another, when Hawes said, ' Bun or you are dead, here's the side guard.' They tried to get over the wall, but Bacon was shot through near the third button on his vest. Immediately on receiving the news my grandfather (son of Lieut. Bacon) went off to see how it was, and near night, April 20, came home with his clothes, the body hav ing been buried at West Cambridge. The clothes were found in the school-house, and the moment grandfather entered the room he knew the old striped hat which was put on top of the roll of clothes." Bacon was described as a great worker, and would oftentimes have eight or ten Indians, negroes, and four yoke of oxen in his field. He went to Annapolis Boyal in the French war, between 1745 and 1748. Nathaniel Chamberlain was a soldier in the French war. His name appears on a " Beturn of men In- listed for his Majesty's Service for the Total Seduc tion of Canada." He is there stated to be a resident of Needham, born in Boxbury, enlisted March 20, NEEDHAM. 521 1760, at that time forty-one years of age. From the town records we learn that Nathaniel and Jane Cham berlain had four children, — Abijah, Jane, Nathaniel, and Anne. John Tolman was severely wounded. " He was so nearly shot through the body that the ball was ex tracted from the opposite side." He recovered, and afterwards served a term in the war. Lieut. Eleazer Kingsbery was wounded. " It is said that he was struck in the leg by a musket-ball, which was prevented from penetrating the flesh by his leather breeches.'' In 1851 a granite obelisk was erected in a sightly position in the old cemetery. Upon the side of the monument facing the public street appears the follow ing inscription : "In memory of John Bacon, Amos Mills, Eiisha Mills, Jona' Parker, and N. Chamberlain, who fell at Lexington April 19, 1775. For Liberty they died." The following narrative of Bevolutionary events is taken from an unpublished autobiography kept by Rev. Samuel West, who was the minister of the town in 1775 ¦} " Clouds and thick darkness at this period threat ened an impending storm to these American colonies. Every week and almost every day produced some thing new, either to manifest or to increase the irri tation of the people. Mobs were continually rising, and some of our best men were dragged from their houses, arraigned before the basest and meanest mem bers of society, and treated with every mark of in dignity. In a boiling cauldron, the scum and filth naturally rose to the top, while that which was most valuable as naturally sunk to the bottom. The meas ures pursued by the government in Great Britain were precisely such as to keep up the former, without any tendency to accomplish their purpose. "On the 19th of April, 1775, the storm burst 1 Eev. Samuel West, D.D., was born at Martha's Vineyard, Nov. 19, 1738. Graduated at Harvard University, 1761. Ac cepted an invitation to settle in Needham, and was ordained April 14, 1764. Removed to Boston, 1788, to become the minis ter of the Hollis Street Society, and died in that town April 10, 1808. upon us in such a manner as to produce the utmost consternation and distress, both to the British and Americans who witnessed the scene. I shall not de tail the circumstances which attended the tragic affair any further than as they are immediately connected with the object of the memoirs, which is not to give a history of the times any further than as events re late to or immediately affect myself and family. In the night after the 18th of April, a detachment of the British troops marched out of Boston for the purpose of securing to themselves or destroying the provisions, etc., which had been deposited at Concord by order of the provincial government. They in part effected their purpose, but were soon attacked by our people, and a continual skirmish was kept up during the march from Concord to Boston. About one hundred on both sides were killed, and many were wounded. The news reached us about nine o'clock a.m. The East Company in Needham met at my house, as part of the military stores were deposited with me ; they then supplied themselves, and by ten o'clock all marched for the place of action, with as much spirit and resolution as the most zealous friend to the cause could have wished for. We could easily trace the march of the troops from the smoke which arose over them, and could hear from my house the report of the cannon and the platoons fired by the British. The Needham company were soon on the ground, but, un happily, being ignorant of what are called flank guards, they inserted themselves between them and the main body of the British troops. In consequence of which they suffered more severely than their neigh bors, who kept at a greater distance. " Never did I know a more anxious day than this, not so much on account of what was taking place, although that was solemn and deeply affecting, but I considered it as no more than the beginning of sor rows, and a prelude to infinitely more distressing scenes which we expected would follow. We even anticipated the enemy, enraged as they were, at our doors and in our houses, acting over all the horrors which usually attend the progress of an exasperated victorious army, especially in civil wars like this. Whatever I had read on the subject now came fresh to my mind, and produced the most painful appre hensions. All this actually took place, though not as I expected with respect to my family and neigh bors, yet in other and many parts of America. But it was a happy circumstance that the people in gen eral, and , even our principal leaders, had none of these gloomy apprehensions, and flattered themselves that the contest would soon be over. That if we could but dispose of the British force already here, 522 HISTOBY OF NOBFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. that government would never think of pursuing the affair any further, but come to some compromise with the colonies to mutual advantages. In the evening we had intelligence that several of the Needham in habitants were among the slain, and the next morning it was confirmed that five had fallen in the action and that several others had been wounded. It was remarkable that the five who fell had families and several of them very numerous families, so there were about forty widows and fatherless children made in consequence of their death. I visited those fami lies immediately, and with a sympathetic sense of their affliction I gave to some the first intelligence which they had of the dreadful event, — the death of a husband and a parent. The very different manner in which the tidings were received discovered the different dispositions of the sufferers. While some were almost frantic in their grief, others received the news in profound silence, as if in a consternation of grief they were incapable of shedding tears or utter ing sighs or groans. I shall only add further, with respect to this memorable day, that it appeared to have a surprising effect on the spirit of the people in general, and, from being, as I had supposed them, and as they were actually, mild and gentle, they be came at once ferocious and cruel, at least towards all those whom they suspected as unfriendly to their cause. Their treatment of such as the British had left dead on the road was such as I never could have supposed. They were stripped for the sake of their clothes, and left naked on the highway until buried by order of our government." We may fittingly close this chapter with the lan guage of Mr. Charles C. Greenwood, being the closing words of an able article by him entitled " Need ham in 1775:" " Few towns can present a nobler record for ' patriotism and devotion to the cause of civil liberty' than the good old town of Needham." Votes Luring the Revolutionary Period.1 — The muster-rolls in the State archives give the names of upwards of three hundred Needham men who served in the war of the Bevolution. A large number marched to Lexington, and others assisted in the forti fication of Dorchester Heights, or did guard duty on Castle Island and at other places about Boston. The town had its quota of soldiers at Ticonderoga, and in the Bhode Island campaign, and of the " three years' men," many served their full time and some even more, and doubtless participated in the principal bat tles and witnessed the great historical events of the war. Men were raised to recruit the " Northern 1 Compiled by Mr. George K. Clarke. army" and that on Hudson's Biver, and prominent citizens of Needham, of whom Col. William Mcintosh was the most conspicuous, served as officers in dis tant places. There were doubtless other soldiers from this town whose names are either not found upon the rolls, or could only be found by an exhaustive search. When it is considered that in 1775 the population of the town was less than a thousand, and that the people were farmers with but little personal property or ready money, it will be possible to form some idea of the great sacrifices made by the patriots. Few towns were more prompt in furnishing the required supplies, or in raising their quota of men. The public action taken by the town during the great struggle for a na tional existence cannot be better illustrated than by the following extracts from the town records, which fur nish ample evidence how nobly Needham did her part in the war, and what privations her sturdy yeomen must have borne to meet the constant drain of money and supplies which they cheerfully voted. Aug. 31, 1774, the town chose Capt. Eleazer Kingsbery, Capt. Lemuel Pratt, Mr. Jonathan Deal ing, Mr. Samuel Daggett, and Capt. Caleb Kingsbery a committee " To attend a County Convention at the House of Mr. Woodward, Inn-holder in Dedham, on Tuesday the Sixth Day of September Next at Ten o'clock, before Noon, To Deliberate and Determine upon all matters as the Distressed Circumstances of this Province may Bequire." Sept. 30, 1774, Capt. Eleazer Kingsbery was chosen a delegate to the Provincial Congress, to meet at Concord " the Second Tuesday of October next," and January 26th following he was again chosen agreeably to a recommendation by the Con gress, Dec. 10, 1774, to the towns to choose members. March 23, 1775, the town voted that the collectors of province taxes, who had not already paid over the money to Hon. Harrison Gray, Esq., should pay it to Henry Gardner, Esq., of Stow. Gray was the agent of the crown, and Gardner of the Congress. May 29, 1775, Col. William Mcintosh was chosen a delegate to the Provincial Congress to be held at Watertown, 31st instant, and Capt. Bobert Smith, a " Committee of Correspondence." March 11, 1776, Mr. John Slack, Mr. Michael Metcalf, and Mr. William Smith were chosen a " Com mittee of Correspondence, Inspection, and Safety," and June 24, 1776, the town voted to instruct and advise their present Bepresentative, " That if the Honour able Congress for the Safety of the United Colonies Declare them Independent of the Kingdom of Great Britain, that they, the Said Inhabitants, will Solemnly NEEDHAM. 523 Engage with their Lives and fortunes to Support them in ye measure." July 15, 1776, the town voted to choose a com mittee " to Consult what Method to Baise the money to Incouriage the Men that are to be Baised to Go to Canady :" Col. William Mcintosh, Capt. Aaron Smith, Mr. Michael Metcalf, Capt. Bobert Smith, and Mr. John Slack were chosen, and reported as follows : " That the Town Should Baise Seven Pounds in ad dition to the Bounty already Granted by the General Court, to Every Non- Commissioned Officer and Sol dier, that should Enlist for Canady. We further Re- port, as our opinion that the men that were Out Last Summer in the Eight Months Service should be allowed half a turn, and if any of the Eight Months Men Should turn out and Inlist and take the Fourteen pounds shall be allowed half a turn more which will make a whole turn. We further Beport as our opinion that if any Should Inlist that were Not in the Last Years' Service and take up the seven pounds Granted by the General Court Shall be allowed a whole turn ; and if they take the Fourteen Pounds shall be allowed half a turn." The town also voted to grant seven pounds to each non-commissioned officer and soldier who should enlist for Canada. Oct. 29, 1776, the town voted that the Council and House of Bepresentatives should act as a " Joynt Body" to form a new Constitution to be published in every town in the State, and to be acted upon by the electors. Feb. 17, 1777, it was voted to pay a bounty of fourteen pounds to each man who should enlist in the Continental army for three years, or for the war. This bounty was raised by a tax, and the town also chose a committee of seven to learn what had been paid to reinforce the army, '' and who has Done a turn or part of a turn Personally," and voted to raise money by a tax to pay these claims. February, 1777, the following persons who enlisted for service in Canada were paid their bounty of seven pounds each : Nathaniel Fisher, Aaron Fisher, Isaac Goodenow, John Kittley, Josiah Upham (for his ne gro's enlisting), Benjamin Mills, Jr., Benjamin Mills (3d), Ebenezer Huntting, Jonathan Huntting, Israel Huntting, Moses Eaton, Lemuel Eaton, Jonathan Whittemore, Jr., Jeremiah Woodcock (paid to his father), John Beaverstock, and John Smith, Sr. The Declaration of Independence is spread in full upon the records in the clear and bold handwriting of Lieut. Bobert Fuller, the town clerk, and is followed by an order of Council that the same be " Printed, and a Copy Sent to the Ministers of each Parish, of every Denomination within this State, and that they Severally be Bequired to read the Same to their Be- spective Congregations, as Soon as divine Service is Ended, in the afternoon, On the first Lord's Day after they shall have Beceived it. And after Such Publication thereof to Deliver the Said Declaration to the Clerks of their Several Towns, or Districts ; who are hereby Required to Record the Same in their Re spective Town, or District's Books, there to remain as a Perpetual Memorial thereof." March 10, 1777, Mr. William Smith, Lieut. Eben ezer Fuller, and Mr. Joseph Daniell, Jr., were chosen a " Committee of Correspondence, Inspection, and Safety." May 26, 1777, the town expressed their opinion that the Council and House of Bepresentatives should " postpone Coming into a New form of Government at present" because of the " War Still Raging." August 15, 1777, voted to pay a bounty of twenty pounds each to those enlisting to reinforce the North ern army. Dec. 15, 1777, Thomas Fuller, John Bird, and Josiah Ware were chosen a committee to provide for the families of those men who had enlisted for three years, or for the war. The town also accepted the reports of committees relating to soldiers who had served near Boston in 1775 and 1776, at Ticonderoga in 1776, at York, and at Castle Island, and voted eight shillings per month to those men who went to the islands near Boston in 1776, and four pounds each to those who went to Providence in May, 1777. Lieut. Moses Bullard was allowed £6 13s. Ad. " for his Going to Ticonderoga," Lieut. Oliver Mills the same for going to York in December, 1776, and Lieut. Enoch Kings bery £3 6s. Sd. for going to York. Feb. 6 and 9, 1778, the selectmen granted orders on the town treasurer to two hundred and twenty-nine persons for services or money paid during the war. The amounts averaged about £6. March 9th, Josiah Eaton, Henry Dewing, and Ebenezer Newell were chosen a " Committee of Correspondence, Inspection, and Safety." In 1778 the town paid for clothes, shoes, etc., fur nished the army, and May 6th of that year a committee was chosen to hire men " at the best method they can," to reinforce Gen. Washington and the army at Hudson's River. Col. William Mcintosh, Capt. Aaron Smith, Capt. Eleazer Kingsbery, Sergt. Jona than Gay, and Mr. Aaron Smith, Jr., were chosen, and the necessary money voted. May 22, 177S, Benjamin Mills, Jeremiah Daniel, and Jonathan Smith were added to the committee to care for soldiers' families, and May 28th the town voted £151 to pay for the clothing sent as a gift to the 524 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. Continental soldiers that went from Needham. March 11, 1779, the committee of "Correspondence," etc., chosen the last year was re-elected. In the winter of 1779 numerous payments were made for clothing etc., for the army, and March 19, 1779, the town accepted the reports of several com mittees relating to soldiers who had served in various localities. Elmun Tolman and Nathan Dewing, " that were in the Year's Service," were voted each £6 13s. 4d., and 20s. per day, with their wages, was voted to those who went, or sent others, to Rhode Island " in August Last." Also £11 per month to those who " went to Boston in September, 1778, or hired men in their Boom for three months." A committee of five, con sisting of Mr. John Slack, Capt. Caleb Kingsbery, Capt. Aaron Smith, Capt. Bobert Smith, and Mr. Jeremiah Daniel, were chosen " to Set what Sum of money the town Shall Allow to a man that may be Drafted or Goes Yolentary into the Publick Service of the War for the Town of Needham." Aaron Smith, Jr., Jonathan Gay, and Isaac Goodenow were added the next July. The town voted £3000 " lo pay the charge of the War the Last Year," and Josiah Newell, Jr., Josiah Upham, Ensign Timothy Kingsbery, Josiah Newell, Esq., Deacon John Fisher, Moses Kingsbery, and Col. William Mcintosh were chosen a committee to take care of the families of the Continental soldiers. May 24th, Jonathan Gay was added to the committee. July 26, 1779, voted to pay £17 to those men " that went to Gard at Boston in Septm, 1778." Oct. 19, 1779, the town voted to increase the ap propriation of £4000 for the support of the war to £7000. Oct. 15, 1779, the selectmen granted orders to ninety-five persons for services and money paid on account of the war, and during the first three months of 1780 many similar orders were granted. March 13, 1780, Moses Man, Aaron Smith, Jr., and Eleazer Fuller were chosen a committee of " Cor respondence, Inspection, and Safety," and March 17, 1780, Capt. Eleazer Kingsbery, Mr. Nathaniel Fisher, Mr. Ephraim Pain, Capt. Caleb Kingsbery, Mr. Ebenezer Day, Mr. Timothy Newell, and Lieut. Tim othy Kingsbery were chosen a committee to " Supply the Continental Soldiers' Families." May 29, 1780, the town voted to choose a com mittee of five " to hire men in the Publick Service of the War if any Shall be Wanting," and Aaron Smith, Jr., Eleazer Fuller, Josiah Newell, Jr., Enoch Parker, and Amos Fuller were chosen. It was also voted to empower the committee to hire money if necessary. June 6, 1780, Rev. Mr. Samuel West, Nathaniel Fisher, Michael Metcalf, Capt. Aaron Smith, Josiah Newell, Esq., Samuel Daggett, Jonathan Smith, Rob ert Fuller, Jr., and Moses Fisk, the committee chosen to report on the acceptance of the " Form of Govern ment" proposed for the State, reported favorably on all the articles but the third, which in their opinion was inconsistent with religious liberty. They also ex pressed the opinion that the writ of habeas corpus ought to be suspended in time of war only, and for not more than six months. June 16, 1780, it was voted to raise by a tax the necessary money to hire men for the war, and Samuel Alden, John Slack, Jr., and Robert Fuller, Jr., were added to the committee chosen May 29th. July 17, 1780, the town voted a " Tax of Thirty Thousand pounds in addition to the Thirty thousand pounds already granted to be raised this Year to hire men." December, 1780, a tax of £23,000 was voted "to Purchase the Beef that is now Called for from the town of Needham by order of the General Court." Lieut. Oliver Mills, Samuel Daggett, and Timothy Hunting were chosen to hire men for the war. Aaron Smith, Jr., Capt. Moses Bullard, John Ayers, and Capt. John Bacon were added to this committee Jan. 15, 1781. January 29th another committee, consisting of Capt. Moses Bullard, Moses Man, Capt. John Bacon, Samuel Fisher, Isaac Goodenow, Jr., Lieut. Enoch Kingsbery, and Capt. Bobert Smith, were chosen for the same purpose. Feb. 26, 1781, it was voted to add £250 hard money to the £300 already granted by the town " to raise ye men that are now Called for." April 5, 1781, " Crownr" Nathaniel Fisher, Capt. Robert Smith, and Capt. William Smith were chosen a committee of " Correspondence, Inspection, and Safety." July 9, 1781, £220 hard money was voted to pur chase the beef required of the town by the General Court, and Timothy Newell, Ensign Josiah Upham, and Capt. Isaac Goodenow were chosen to make the purchase. The committee to hire soldiers was re elected. Aaron Smith, Jr., was added thereto, and £180 hard money or the equivalent in paper money was voted for the use of the committee. March 18, 1782, it was voted to raise by t*x £550 to pay the bounty of the three-years' men. Col. William Mcintosh1 was born in Dedham, June 16, 1722. His father died when he was but two 1 By Rev. Stephen Palmer. NEEDHAM. 525 old. He lived in his native town1 till he at tained to the age of fourteen, when he went to the State of Connecticut with the view of learning the trade of a carpenter. But, pursuing this occupation about a year, he became dissatisfied with it, and re linquishing the idea of being a mechanic he returned and lived a number of years in Boxbury. In that town he entered the marriage state Aug. 26, 1745. It has been remarked by an eminent writer that "it is necessary for a great or useful man to be born at a proper time." The time in which he was called to act was eventful to our country, when much energy and many important duties were imperiously required. In the public and momentous concerns of this period he took an active and occasionally a peril ous part. His public career was commenced in what is called the French war. When forces were raised to repel the incursions of the enemy at Crown Point and Lake Champlain he received an ensign's commission Sept. 9, 1755, and soon after joined the army at Fort Ed ward. This was about two months after the memo rable defeat of Gen. Braddock, when public affairs assumed a gloomy and threatening aspect. But the dangers of the enterprise did not prevent him from engaging in the defense of his country. In conflicts with the enemy he displayed much personal bravery, and though his life at times was brought into jeop ardy, yet he showed no disposition to shrink from duty or desert his post. At one time in particular his situation was such that either capture or death seemed inevitable, but by the God of armies he was preserved from both.2 During this war and in testimony of his faithful services he was promoted to the office of first lieuten ant. This commission, dated March 13, 1758, he received at Lake George, where he was then stationed. This higher trust he executed with his accustomed fidelity in further defending the rights of his country. On leaving the army he returned to his family and to the duties of a private citizen in Boxbury. He continued in that town till May 23, 1764, when he removed to Needham. Here he has statedly resided to the end of his days, a period of nearly forty-nine years, and has been much esteemed and respected among us. About the year 1774, when the militia in this town was divided into two companies, he was chosen the first captain of the company in this part 1 In the family of Capt. David Fales. ' At this time he was deserted by his men, and within pistol- «hot of the enemy was fired upon singly by five hundred In dians. But being on descending ground, they shot over him, and through divine protection he was enabled to escape. of the town. Soon after this appointment he was raised to the office of lieutenant-colonel. This office he held at the commencement of the Bevolution and discharged the duties of it in the first action of the war, that well-known action which took place in this vicinity. On the 14th of February, 1776, by the Council of this State he was appointed colonel of the first regi ment of militia in the county of Suffolk. Under this appointment he went into the army at different stages of the war, and was engaged in some of the important battles which were fought. In time of engagement he was noted for his coolness, fortitude, and bravery. While he was guarded and prudent in his measures, he was also courageous and firm in his conduct. His military talents and services caused him to be noticed and respected. By his companions in arms he was much approved ; commanders of a higher grade paid him a tribute ; and even by the great Washington, according to correct information, he was called a good officer and a brave man. It is, therefore, no more than justice to his memory that he should be enrolled in that catalogue of worthies whose patriotism and heroic exertions, under the auspices of Providence, secured the freedom and independence of our country. But the public services of our friend were not con fined to the field; he was also much employed in the cabinet. The public concerns of this town and of this parish have been often committed to his trust. For twelve years he served the town in the capacity of a selectman, and five years he was a representative of it in General Court, during which periods he was occasionally appointed on many important commit tees, and was esteemed a valuable member of the Legislature. We have yet to add, and what may be ranked among the more important acts of his public life, that in the year 1779 he was chosen and acted as a mem ber of the convention which formed the Constitution of this commonwealth. And in the year 1788 he was also a member of the convention in this State ap pointed for the purpose of taking into consideration the national Constitution, and voted for its adoption. Col. Mcintosh was naturally a man of firmness and stability. Possessing a well-poised constitution, he was remarkably even and uniform in his deportment, small things did not move him ; though he was by no means destitute of passion, and was susceptible of strong feelings, yet he had the government of himself. He mixed prudence with fortitude, and was habitually guarded and exemplary in what he said and did. 526 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. CHAPTER XLII. NEEDHAM— ( Continued). Ecclesiastical History — Congregational Church — Unitarian Church — Baptist Church — Methodist Episcopal Church, Highlandville — Second Adventists. Congregational Church.1 — The town of Need ham, originally a part of Dedham, was incorporated Nov. 5, 1711. The first Congregational Church was organized March 20, 1720, on the Sabbath, and Mr. Jonathan Townsend, the first minister, was ordained March 23, 1720. He was born in Lynn in 1698, and was graduated from Harvard College in 1716. He continued with this church forty-two years and a half. The Rev. Samuel West, D.D., succeeded him, his settlement occurring April 25, 1764. He resigned ¦ Nov. 15, 1788, and was installed over the Hollis Street Church, in Boston, the next year, where he re mained until his death, April 10, 1808. Mr. West was born in Martha's Vineyard, 1738, and was gradu ated at Harvard in 1761. Four years after Mr. West's resignation Mr. Stephen Palmer was ordained. His pastorate continued until his death, Oct. 31, 1821. Mr. Palmer was born in Norton, 1766, and was grad uated at Harvard, 1789. Mr. William Ritchie was installed Dec. 12, 1821. He was born in Peterborough, N. H., 1781, and was graduated at Dartmouth in 1804. For more than a century was this church firm in its belief in the cardinal doctrines of the evangelical churches of New England. There came a time of spiritual apathy which resulted in an almost entire departure from the early faith, and the church passed out of the hands of Congregationalism. The year 1855 marks the beginning of the later history of Congregationalism in the eastern part of the town of Needham. There were at that time a number of persons who had no opportunity to wor ship with the church of their choice. There were others who attended services in some of the adjoining towns. There had been for some time a desire to have Congregational preaching in their midst. This feeling becoming known to the Rev. Ebenezer Bur gess, then pastor of the Congregational Church in Dedham, he offered to preach for them. His offer was gladly accepted, and the first service was held on the first Sunday in April, 1855, in Nehoiden Hall, at the Centre. The building is now used as a tenement house. Dr. Burgess gave his services to this people for thirteen months. He paid all the expenses of the 1 By Rev. L. W. Morey. meetings during this time, furnished the Bible which was used, often bringing singers with him to the services, and not being pleased with the condition of the walls of the hall, he had them papered at his own expense. This church, as well as at least two others in the neighborhood, owes very much to Dr. Burgess' kindness and labor freely bestowed. He was the father of the enterprise here, and is.gratefully remembered. In 1856, on the last Monday of April, a meeting was called of those interested in these services to see what should be done for the future. They decided to continue the services at their own expense, and since that time they have been independent, never having received aid from any missionary society, Many of the people living at a distance from Nehoiden Hall, it was thought best to hold the meetings in a mors central place. Village Hall, near the depot, was hired for this purpose, and was fitted up in an appropriate manner. This hall was burned in the spring of 1882. The first service was held in this new place of worship on the first Sunday of July, 1856. Dr. Burgess preached the first sermon. The pulpit was supplied by various ministers until Feb. 8, 1857, when the Bev. Lucius R. Eastman was en gaged as stated supply, being the first minister to reside among this people. The time had evidently arrived when a church organization was needed, and a council was called to advise and aid in such organization. The council met on May 6, 1857. The Dedham, Dover, Medfield, West Needham, Grantville, and Newton Congrega tional Churches were represented in the council. The church was at this time regularly organized, under the name of the Evangelical Congregational Church. The exercises consisted of reading of the Scriptures and prayer by the Rev. U. Haskell, of Dover; ser mon, from Eph. ii. 20, by the venerable Dr. Burgess, of Dedham ; reading of the church creed and cove nant by the Bev. Lucius R. Eastman, acting pastor; charge and baptism of children by the Rev. A. B. Baker, of West Needham ; fellowship of the churches, by the Bev. E. S. Atwood, of Grantville ; address to the people, by the Bev. J. H. Fairchild, of South Boston ; concluding prayer, by the Bev. Andrew Bigelow, of Medfield. The church formed consisted of twenty-eight persons, ten of them males and eighteen females. The following is the list of names of the original members: Dr. Josiah Noyes. Mrs. Elizabeth Noyes. Mrs. Sarah W. Nay. Mrs. Jane W. Pickering. Henry Webber. Mrs. Adrianna G. Webber. Miss Ellen M. Bullen. Miss Marrietta J. Bullen. NEEDHAM. 527 Miss Rachel Smith. Mrs. Margaret O'Neil. Charles E. Keith. Josiah Davenport. Mrs. Sarah Davenport. Mrs. Peady R. Mills. Mrs. Rebecca Bullen. John Mills. Mrs. Abigail C. Mills. Mrs. Lucinda Kingsbury. William B. Pickett. Mrs. Mary A. Pickett. Rev. Moses Winch. George L. Newton. Miss Pamelia Smith. Susanna Harris. Mrs. Snsan Hardy. Rev. Lucius R. Eastman. Mrs. Sarah A. Eastman. Lucius R. Eastman, Jr. Ten of the original members are now (Feb. 27, 1884) living. The Bev. Mr. Eastman continued with the church until Jan. 1, 1859. The Bev. William B. Greene became acting pastor Sept. 1, 1859. He was ordained in Waterville, Me., in 1855, and came from that place to Needham. His relation to the church extended over fourteen years, a period which witnessed considerable growth and pros perity. The society at the close of his term of service was more prosperous than at any previous time. On the 6th of July, 1859, a Sunday-school was formed in connection with the church. For nearly three years the people assembled in Village Hall, when it was felt that the desire for a house of wor ship might be gratified. On the 23d of May, 1859, the society voted to build a chapel. The site for the new building was given to the society by Mr. Charles E. Keith. Measures were at once taken to forward this project, and so vigorously was it pushed that before the close of the year the chapel was completed. It was originally intended that this chapel should in a few years give way to a church building, but although able to build, not many years later, financial troubles coming in the midst of preparations to that end, the plan has never been carried out. The chapel was dedicated, free from debt, Dec. 28, 1859. The dedi cation sermon was preached by the Bev. Dr. E. N. Kirk, of Mount Vernon Church, Boston. Jan. 1, 1860, the first Sunday services were held, Mr. Greene preaching the first sermon. The congregation at this time did not fill the house, but it increased steadily for many years. Mr. Greene's connection with the church ceased April 1, 1873. The first settled pastor was the Rev. Augustus C. Swain, who was ordained and installed June 25, 1873. He remained with the church less than a year, being dismissed by council April 22, 1874. The Rev. J. L. Wheeler commenced preaching here in April, 1874, as stated supply, till April 1, 1875. He was ordained in 1869, and came here from Gardi ner, Mass. The Rev. J. E. M. Wright became acting pastor July 7, 1875. He was ordained in 1852. He came from the church in Upton, Mass. The five years of his labors with this church saw the membership of the society reach its largest number, and afterwards suffer from removals. Nearly thirty families in a short period removed from the town, among the number some of the most helpful members and officers of the church. A revival during the latter part of Mr. Wright's ministry here resulted in considerable gain in the membership of the church. Mr. Wright closed his relation April 1, 1880. For nearly two years the pulpit was supplied by different ministers. In the spring of 1882 it was determined to secure a pastor for the church. In the mean time the chapel was frescoed, the expense being borne by the Ladies' Friendly Society, which from the first has been abundant in labors for the good of the church. The Rev. Lewis W. Morey was ordained and installed pastor of the church Sept. 6, 1882. The First Parish of Needham1 has an exist ence coeval with that of the town. Early in the eighteenth century a few houses with outlying farms dotted the section now embraced in the towns of Needham and Wellesley. These settlers, prompted by that inborn instinct for local civil organization which is a marked feature of the Anglo-Saxon, and feeling the need of religious ministrations so charac teristic of the New England Puritans, soon began to take measures for the organization of a separate town and worship. In 1710, they petitioned the General Court for an act to set apart their precinct and make it a town. In consequence of an energetic opposi tion on the part of Dedham the petition was refused, but the General Court advised the inhabitants of Dedham to exempt the petitioners from paying taxes for the support of the Dedham minister, provided they would have preaching in their own precinct. The next year, at the March meeting, Dedham voted a grant to these settlers of two lots of land containing one hundred and thirty-three acres, for the support of the ministry among them. This was the germ out of which grew the First Parish Church and society. A portion of this land, including the cemetery, is still owned by the parish. For the sake of definiteness and precision, we will divide the sketch of this ancient parish iDto separate heads. I. The Meeting-House. — The town of Needham, on Dec. 25, 1711, voted to build a house for public worship and granted eighty pounds for this purpose, one-half to be paid in money, the other half in labor. By Rev. S. W. Bush. 528 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. When we consider all the circumstances, this enter prise evidenced both courage and faith. It was a costly undertaking. The inhabitants were scattered and lived by dint of the utmost frugality and econ omy. The real difficulties were increased by a sharp division in respect to the site of the edifice. The contest became so hot that an appeal was made to the General Court, and this august body appointed a com mittee to fix the location. The various parties acqui esced in the decision, even if they were not fully satis fied. The work of building went on very slowly. The frame was raised in the summer of 1712, but it was not until the next year that money was voted by the town for glazing. Meanwhile services were held in the unfinished meeting-house. There is no re cord of its being either finished or dedicated. These earnest worshipers were not dependent on cushioned seats, frescoed walls, and heated furnaces. They went in and out of this meeting-house until Sunday, Oct. 17, 1773. On this day a child was christened, and the pastor, the Rev. Mr. West, preached a sermon from Psalm iv. 5 : " Offer the sacrifice of righteous ness, and put your trust in the Lord." During the night following the neighbors were startled as they saw the meeting-house in flames. As the town voted a reward for the discovery of the person who set it on fire, we infer it was the act of an incendiary, but the culprit was never found. These frugal and hardy pioneers met their loss with stout hearts and voted in town meeting two hundred pounds towards rebuilding, and chose a committee of five to proceed at once with the work. The old feud about location again broke out, and the disagreement led to a division of the town into two precincts. The frame of the new' house was raised either on the 3d or 4th of August, 1774, and in three weeks the services in the unfinished buildine: o were resumed. Gradually, though slowly, the house was finished and remained until 1811, when it was repaired with the addition of a " handsome tower," and on Nov. 15, 1811, a bell was hung and for the first time rung in the town. The same bell is used in the edifice of the First Parish now on "the plains." As an illustration of the reputation of this bell, the story is told that the meeting-house at Newton Upper Falls having had the bells, both proving unsatisfac tory, the bell-makers maintained that the defect in tone was caused either by the location of the building or the construction of the tower. To test this the First Parish bell was loaned, and, as it rang out its clear, rich tones in Newton Upper Falls, the judg ment was that the two bells were at fault. The old meeting-house was taken down in 1835, and out of its timbers a new frame was made, and the building was finished. Gradually there came a change over the town. Two villages grew up around the railroad stations, — one at Needham Plains and the other at Grantville. The worshipers of the latter place organized another parish and dedicated a church. Thus the old meeting-house was away from the larger part of the congregation. It was therefore, necessary to move it to the centre of popu lation. So it was taken bodily on wheels in 1879 and rolled along the outskirts of the village and placed on its present location near the railroad station. It was entirely refitted, and is now an or nament and a thing of use and beauty in the centre of the village on " the plain." II. The Ministers.— The First Parish has had a succession of faithful and devout ministers. As soon as the parish was organized, the people began to look out for a pastor. A large number of candidates were heard and five received calls to settle, but declined. But, nothing daunted, the people continued their quest. They held special days of fasting and prayer for guidance, and sought advice from the leading ministers of Boston and their neighborhood. After more than eight years of effort, on Dec. 29, 1719, they gave a unanimous call to Mr. Jonathan Town- send, whose acceptance, dated Jan. 25, 1720, was read in town-meeting, " to the great satisfaction of the people." Mr. Townsend was ordained March 23, 1720, and continued his ministry till Sept. 30, 1762, covering a period of forty-two years. The Rev. Stephen Palmer, in his " Century Sermon," thus draws his portrait : " Possessing strong powers of mind, cultivated and improved by education and study, he was enabled to think deeply and correctly." His accurate knowledge of dates, candor, and judg ment were so marked that his advice was often sought both by his own parishioners and for the set tlement of controversies and difficulties in the neigh boring churches. His ministry as a whole was peaceful till, about 1746, the church was plunged into controversy about the employment of " illiterate teachers" and the right to have separate meetings among themselves. Mr. Townsend, like most of his ministerial brethren, regarded the ministry as an "appointed order of men who are separated unto the gospel of God." He also placed special stress on the importance and value of an educated ministry, so he set his face with firmness against the teaching and practice of the New Lights upon these matters. This led to a split, aud some of the disaffected with drew from the parish. " In the main," says Mr. Palmer, " he was happy with his people, sharing much in their affection and esteem." NEEDHAM. 529 After an interval of two years and seven months, during which period the people in a day of fasting and prayer sought for divine direction, Mr. Samuel West received a call on Nov. 7, 1763, from the church, and on December 5th, following, " the con gregation concurred." He was ordained April 25, 1764, aud continued his ministrations until Nov. 2, 1788, at which time he preached his last sermon. The separation really took place Jan. 12, 1789, when he was dismissed by a vote of the parish. Mr. West gave as a reason for his leaving " a difference of opinion with respect to ministerial support." The differences between the minister and parish so far as indebtedness was concerned was settled by a mutual agreement between the parties. The Bev. Thomas Thacher, as quoted by Dr. Palmer, describes him as "a man of talents, of extensive erudition, and of very amiable and polished manners. This is acknowledged by all who were acquainted with him. While he continued in the ministry here, he was esteemed a faithful and affectionate pastor ; and was highly ac ceptable to the people of his charge." The Bev. Stephen Palmer, after a lapse of four years, received a call June 11, 1792. The interval between this call and the resignation of Mr. West was a period of discouragement. But the few and faithful stood firm in their support of the parish. Mr. Hendricus Dow was invited to settle Aug. 2, 1790, but declined, and on June 11, Mr. Stephen Palmer received a call, and was ordained the 7th of November, 1792. Mr. Palmer was the son of a minister, and inherited from his father a love of knowledge. He graduated from Cambridge with academic honors, and entered upon the ministry with interest and devotion. It was dur ing his life that what the historian, Hildreth, calls the spirit of latitudinarianism began to prevail. Mr. Palmer, though orthodox in his theological opinions, was liberal in his methods of study and conviction. The Rev. John White, of West Dedham, in his funeral discourse on the death of Mr. Palmer, quotes him as saying, " Every man will have a creed of his own. I have mine, — but have no right to impose it upon others, nor have others any right to impose theirs upon me. I have never viewed my opinions to be such mountains, as a different faith cannot remove, nor have I ever yet believed myself to be infallible. He who thinks he has no more light to receive, has seen but little, and he who is not open to convictions is in bondage to himself." The ministry of Mr. Palmer was marked by fidelity both as a preacher and pastor. As an evidence of the acceptance of his ministrations there are no less than twenty of his publications, most of them either 34 sermons or addresses on special occasions. The memory of him still remains among the oldest sur viving members of the parish as a pleasant tradition. He died Oct. 31, 1821. At the death of Mr. Palmer, the parish at once proceeded to settle a new minister, and the Rev. Wil liam Ritchie received a call Dec. 12, 1821. The period of his ministry was at the time the doctrinal controversy arose, which led to the separation of the New England Congregational Churches into two dis tinct bodies known as the Orthodox and Unitarian. Mr. Ritchie sympathized with the Unitarians, and as tho ministers of most of the old parishes in the neighborhood were of this drift, he was in fellowship with them. This was a source of disagreement on the part of some of his hearers who were inclined to the more orthodox belief. Still, his ministry was, as a whole, a very useful and harmonious one. Towards its close his health failed, and on Dec. 17, 1841, he resigned his active charge with the request that he might retain his relation as pastor. The correspond ence between him and the parish abounds in the ex pressions of mutual kindness and esteem. He alludes to the great changes which had taken place in the parish during his ministry, and expresses his deep interest in the future religious welfare of his beloved parishioners. The letter of the society in reply is both sympathetic and appreciative. His death, which took place Feb. 22, 1842, awakened a deeper feeling of tenderness, and the parish voted to pay his funeral expenses, and his people with loving care placed his remains in the grave, and carried with them the memory of his useful and devoted life. The Rev. Lyman Maynard, a minister in fellow ship with the Universalist Church, was installed as the successor of Mr. Ritchie, Sept. 8, 1842. Accord ing to the arrangement with the parish the settle ment was for an indefinite term, the parties being at liberty to dissolve the connection on giving each other six months' notice. When the call was given it was also voted that the parish committee call upon Mr. Maynard, and request that he should exchange with clergymen in the vicinity of different denomi nations within convenient distance. The committee, it would seem, did not inform Mr. Maynard of this arrangement, for in a communication next year he said he would consent to exchange with the Rev. Mr. Partridge, of Newton, and the Rev. Mr. Spear, of Weymouth, both of whom were of the Universalist persuasion ; that had he been informed of the vote of the parish on this subject, he should have hesi tated before accepting the call. He had known much disunion to grow out of such a course, and had 530 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. fears of the result. He hoped, however, for the best, and should use his utmost efforts to promote a spirit of harmony in the society. Mr. Maynard's connection closed in 1846, and then followed a series of short settlements. The Rev. C. H. A. DalPs min istry was from Feb. 7, 1847, to Dee. 1, 1849; the Rev. James F. Hicks, from July 14, 1852, to De cember, 1853. The Rev. George Channing supplied the pulpit for the next two years. He was succeeded by Mr. Andrew N. Adams, who was ordained at Needham Nov. 21, 1855. After a brief ministry the Rev. William Barry was next settled, and his min istry was both devoted and fruitful in good works. He was followed by the Bev. George H. Emerson, D.D., who supplied the pulpit with acceptance. In 1870, after his engagement ended, the society called the Eev. A. B. Voise, who also supplied, in addition, the pulpit of the Unitarian Church at Grantville. The service in the First Parish Church was held in the forenoon — that at Grantville in the afternoon. The next year the society at the latter place gave Mr. Voise a call to be their minister, and the Bev. S. W. Bush succeeded him, and still is minister of the First Parish. III. The Parish and Church. — Like all the old Puritan Congregational Churches, the First Parish had a twofold organization known as the Parish and the Church. The parish organization was devoted chiefly to the care of the financial affairs, and the records abound in illustrations of the difficulties of the volun tary system for the support of religious institutions. For a long time the First Parish was the only reli gious society in East Needham, and as diversities of religious opinions prevailed, added to the extreme in dividualism which is inbred in New England Puri tanism, it was not always easy to raise the minister's salary. Still with these inherent difficulties the members of this old historic society maintained for successive generations the ministrations of the pulpit. The parish records, which have been kept with un usual accuracy and care, contain full evidence of the earnest fidelity with which the cause of religion was maintained. The church organization concerned itself with the spiritual affairs of the parish. It was embodied March 23, 1720, and on July 3d following the ordi nance of the Lord's Supper was first administered, when about fifty communicants were present. Two deacons, Thomas Metcalf and Josiah Newell, were chosen, and a covenant was signed March 18, 1720. This covenant was very mildly orthodox in its state ment of belief, and in no way bound its subscribers to a rigid creed. It was silent on those doctrines which are called Calvinistic, and its definition of the Trinity would be accepted by those who are Sabel- lians. In 1764, October 19th, this covenant was re newed by the members of the church with an addi tion practical in its character. No mention is made of a belief in any specific doctrines which have since been emphasized by a large body of the New England Orthodox Congregational Churches. This covenant continued until about 1850, when a new one was adopted. In this, after an acknowledgment and con fession of sin, the candidate is thus addressed by the minister : " You sincerely and solemnly give up your selves to God the Father, whom you receive as your God. ... to the Lord Jesus Christ, and receive him as made of God unto you, wisdom and righteousness, : and sanctification and redemption." This covenant with verbal alterations, but the same in substance of doctrine, is still used. In the idea of church-fellowship we can trace a gradual growth. At first the church refused to : give members a dismission, and to recommend them to the Baptist, Methodist, and other communions, but in the course of time their ideas broadened, and July 19, 1840, it was voted " as there is but one Christian Church in the world, they consider it improper to dis miss from the church." But as there are branches ¦ of the Christian Church, the record adds, which re quire a certificate of dismission as well as recommen dation, this church will comply with request of those members who wish to join another branch of the one Christian Church. The early records of the church also abound in de tails of proceedings growing out of some unchristian conduct. If a member had a grievance against a brother or sister, it was brought before the church. One incident which illustrates the early period is worthy of mention. In 1736 several of the brethren fell into hot disputes about certain personal matters so that they became angry. The affair was submitted to the church, and after a full hearing the disaffected brethren were exhorted to bury their differences in one common grave of forgetfulness, and for the time to come to live and act towards each other as Chris tians. They agreed to do this. So, after singing a psalm, the Bev. Mr. Townsend called for a tankard of drink and drank to " the heretofore contending, but now reconciled brethren, praying that all might live and act together in love and favor, to which Capt. Cook said, Amen. Then the minister gave the tankard into Capt. Cook's hand ; he drank himself and drank to Capt. Fisher. We all drank ut sic finitur. So the matter ended." The general trend of both church and parish was NEEDHAM. 531 towards what is called liberal Christianity. So the First Parish, like many other old ones in the country, became either Universalist or Unitarian. At present the First Parish holds ecclesiastical relations with the Unitarians, and its members have a reasonable hope in a more prosperous future. The First Baptist Church.1 — " During the year 1853 the people of Needham Plains began to feel the importance of having stated evangelical worship in this new and rapidly increasing village." In 1854, Deacon George Howland, of the Second Baptist Church at Newton, employed at his own ex pense Bev. Amos Webster to canvass the town and preach a few Sundays. The first service was held September 24th, in the old school-house corner of Great Plain Avenue and Webster Street, and was attended by fifty-six persons in the morning and seventy-four in the afternoon. In connection a Sunday-school was established, with Deacon George Howland as superintendent. A subscription paper was put in circulation about this time and nearly two thousand dollars pledged. A society was formed and a house of worship soon com menced, large enough to seat about four hundred in the audience-room and two hundred in the vestry, at a cost of four thousand two hundred dollars. The vestry only was finished and was opened to public worship early in June, 1855. The building is situated on the corner of Great Plain and Highland Avenues. Rev. Amos Webster continued to preach till the following October, when he resigned, and the desk was supplied by different preachers for some time. May 26, 1856, the church was organized with twenty-five members, George Howland, deacon, and 0 M. Dinsmore, clerk. A council, composed of pastors and delegates from ten Baptist Churches, was held June 11th, and the church was recognized as "an independent and regular Baptist Church." Bev. Banson Stow, D.D., preached the sermon on that occasion. A beautiful communion service was pre sented by Mrs. Nancy Kingsbury. June 22d the first baptism took place, at which four candidates were immersed and received into the church. December 7th, Bev. A. F. Willard accepted a call to become its pastor. He remained with the church nine years, although, on account of ill health, he was absent about a year. All this time the church was in debt and the people poor. But he labored faith fully for the love of the cause, part of the time with- aBy Thomas Sutton, Esq. out any stated salary. On account of ill health he was obliged to resign, Nov. 12, 1865. During his term of office twenty-eight were received from other churches and eighteen baptized. At this time, by reason of the recent death of Rev. A. Harvey and the removal from the town of Deacon George Howland, the church was in a very weak state. They engaged the services of Rev. S. F. Smith, D.D., of Newton. The first five years he was with the church hardly money enough could be raised to meet the running expenses, and in the autumn of 1869, when Deacon John Burnham and the clerk, Brother G. F. de Leesdenier, died, it seemed as though the enterprise must be given up. It was at this time that the male members were so few that one man, Deacon William Moseley, held every office in the church, and was also superin tendent of the Sunday-school. But the faithful efforts and self-denial of the few left were not in vain, and soon the church was strengthened by the addition of new members. In the year 1871 sixteen were baptized and five added by letter, the church debt was paid, principal and interest, amounting to seven hundred and thirty-four dollars, and early in the next year preparations for finishing the audience-room were commenced, and by June all was completed and hand somely furnished, at an expense of four thousand one hundred and fifty-four dollars, about one thousand of which was raised by the exertions of the pastor in other places. The house was dedicated, free from debt, June 5, 1872, and a vote passed that the pews should be free. The sermon on this occasion was preached by Bev. William Lamson, D.D., of Brookline. Aug. 1, 1873, the pastor resigned, having labored with marked success for seven years, twenty-six hav ing been received by baptism and fourteen by letter. Dec. 23, 1873, Bev. S. G. Abbott became pastor. During his stay quite a number of improvements. j were made in the church property, fifteen persons added by baptism, and fourteen by letter. Owing to the removal of several men of means from our town and the general depression of business, the church was unable to continue its relation with the pastor, and he resigned July 1, 1876. Bev. A. T. Spaulding was settled March, 1877, and labored with good success for eight months, when he died instantly with heart-disease. He was much loved and respected by the church and community. Bev. S. F. Smith, D.D., again supplied the pulpit until Aug. 29, 1880, when he left for a two-years' trip among the mission-fields in Europe and Asia. Rev. E. A. Read was called to be pastor June, 532 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. 1881, and continued two years, during which time various plans to aid the benevolent organizations of the denomination were formed, which have been quite successful. Since then the old friend of the church, Rev. S. F. Smith, D.D., has supplied the pulpit. Within a few years a new furnace, organ, and chandelier have been purchased, and the buildings put in good repair and painted, all debts paid, and some money is now in the treasury. The future prosperity seems assured, and the church has ex tended a call to the Rev. W. H. Clark, of South Norridgewock, Me., to become its pastor. He will commence his labors in February, 1884. The number baptized since its organization is seventy ; admitted by letter, one hundred and one. Total, one hundred and seventy-one. The present membership is seventy-one, and the officers are, Dea cons William Moseley and R. W. Ames, trustees; John Moseley, treasurer ; Thomas Sutton, clerk ; Thomas J. Crossman, superintendent of Sunday- school. Methodist Episcopal Church, Highlandville.1 — The Methodist Episcopal Church of Highlandville. a village of Needham, was organized in April, 1867, and the Rev. John W. Coolidge, of the New Eng land Conference, was appointed its pastor. Previous to this time many influential families of the vicinity had been connected with the Methodist Church in Newton Upper Falls ; its pastors had held frequent religious services among them, resulting, especially in 1865-66, in a large addition from Highlandville to the Upper Falls Church, so that on the organization of the former thirty-four members were united with it by letter from the latter. The society, from the spring of 1867 to the summer of 1876, worshiped in a hall in the centre of the village. Its business, a fine woolen and silk hosiery, was prosperous, and its population, mostly English immigrants, increased rapidly, and the question of building a house of wor ship became one of deeply interesting discussion. In 1875 it took a business form, and in the summer of 1876 a beautifully-situated and convenient church edifice was completed. The enterprise, from its initiation to its consummation, was inspired by the pastor, Rev. G. R. Bent. The cost of the site, edi fice, and furnishing was ten thousand dollars. Soon after its dedication the business of the villao-e became greatly depressed, in common with that of tho coun try at the time, and greatly embarrassed the financiers of the society. An effort has just been made for the 1 By Rev. Z. A. Mudge. canceling of its debt, and large success has been at tained. The pastors of this society, in conformity with the itinerant usage of Methodism, have been as follows : J. W. Coolidge, 1867-68 ; Stephen Cush ing, 1869-70; S. H. Noon, 1871-73; G. B. Bent, 1874-76 ; W. Silverthorn, 1877 ; Stephen Cushing, 1878-79 ; R. W. Harlow, 1880-81 ; Z. A. Mudge, 1882-83. CHAPTER XLII I. NEEDHAM— (Continued). THE PRESS— CIVIL HISTORY— MILITARY RECORD. The Needham Chronicle — Changes in Boundary-Line — Valua tion — Population — Documentary — Representatives — Select men — Town Clerks — Treasurers — Military Record. The Needham Chronicle. — The publication of the Needham Chronicle and Wellesley Advertiser, the first paper printed in this town, was founded in 1874 by George W. Southworth, a native of Stough ton, this county, who had had previous journalistic experience at Stoughton and Marlborough, in response to the express desire for a local paper by the most prominent citizens. The Chronicle enjoys a circula tion in neighboring towns. At the incorporation of Wellesley the words " and Wellesley Advertiser" were dropped from the heading, and an edition called the Wellesley Advertiser issued since that time for Wellesley. The Chronicle is still under the able management of Mr. Southworth. Changes in Boundary-Line.2 — By an act of the General Court, passed in the year 1797, an alteration was made in the line between Needham and Natick. By virtue of this act sixteen hundred and fifty-six acres of land were set off from Needham to Natick, and in exchange four hundred and four and one-half acres, exclusive of pond, were set off from Natick and annexed to Needham, leaving a balance in favor of Natick of twelve hundred and fifty-one and one- half acres. An island in Charles River, at the Upper Falls, set off from Needham and annexed to Newton, June 21, 1803. The westerly part of the town, comprising about six thousand acres of land, with a population of about two thousand seven hundred, set off and incorporated as the town of Wellesley April 6, 1881. ' From Rev.-Stephen Palmer's " Century Sermon," page 9. NEEDHAM. 533 VALUATION 1883. Value of real estate $1,625,198 Value of personal estate 185,792 Total valuation $1,810,990 Acres of land assessed 7715 POPULATION". 1765., 1776..1790..1800..1810..1820..1830..1840.. 915912 11301072 1097 1227 1418 1488 1850..I860..1865..1870.. 1875.. 1944 2658 2793 3607 4548 1880 52521 1883 about 2600 DOCUMENTARY. "Needham, July 17, 1737. " This day died here Mrs. Lydia Chickering in the eighty- sixth year of her age. She was born at Dedham in New Eng land, on July 14, 1652, and about the year 1671 went up from thence to Hadley, where, for the space of about a year, she waited upon Col. Wballey and Col. Gone (two of King Charles' first judges), who had fled thither from the men that sought their life. She was the daughter of Capt. Daniel Fisher, of Dedham, one of the magistrates of this Colony under the old oharter. Having lived a virtuous life, she died universally re spected and came to her grave in a full age, as a shook of corn oometh in in his season." REPRESENTATIVES TO THE GENERAL COURT. Capt. Robert Cook, 1712, '26, '39. John Smith, 1714. Timothy Kingsbury, 1723. Josiah Kingsbury, 1728, '29, '31. John Fisher, Esq., 1735-38, '40, '41, '51. William Bowdoin, 1752-55. Lieut. Amos Fuller, 1756, '59, '60, '61, '66. Capt. Eleazer Kingsbury, 1768, '69-70, '71, '74, '79. Col. William Mcintosh, 1776, '80, '81, '83, 1804. Deacen John Fisher, 1777, '78.2 Nathaniel Fisher, 17S2, '85. Robert Fuller, Jr., 1787. William Fuller, Esq., 1789, '90. Col. Jonathan Kingsbury, 1793, '98, '99, 1801, '03. Col. Silas Alden, 1796. Daniel Ware, Esq., 1805-07, '10-13. James Smith, 1808, '09. Jonathan Gay, Jr., 1814. Eiisha Lyon, Esq., 1816, '39, '40. Seth Colburn, 1824. Aaron Smith, Esq., 1827. Gen. Charles Rice, 1829, '31. George Fisher, 1830. Rufus Mills, Esq., 1832, '33. Thomas Kingsbury, Esq., 1834-36, '4S, '49. Solomon Flagg, 1834; the District, 1861. William Flagg, 1836, '37. Asa Kingsbury, 1837, '38, '42. Emery Fisk, 1840, '41. Capt. George Smith, 1843, '44. Daniel Kimball, 1846. Edgar K. Whitaker, 1847. Henry Robinson, 1850, '51. Lauren Kingsbury, 1855 ; the District, 1858. 1 Wellesley set off, 1881. 2 Son of the first named John Fisher. Jonathan Fuller, 1856. George K. Daniell, 1857; the District, 1866, '68, '70. Charles C. Greenwood, the District, 1863. Galen Orr, the District, 1864. John M. Harris, the District, 1872. Joseph E. Fiske, the District, 1874. James Mackintosh, the District, 1876, '77, '81. Lyman K. Putney, the District, 1880. For the years not mentioned above, prior to 1858, the town was not represented. From 1857 to 1877, Needham, Dover, and Med field comprised the Fourteenth Norfolk District. At the present time, Needham, Dover, Medfield, Norfolk, and Wellesley constitute the Ninth Norfolk District. Joseph E. Fiske was a member of the State Senate in 1876 and in 1877. Galen Orr was chosen special commissioner in 1868, and served three years. Chosen commissioner in 1871, and served eight years. Edgar K. Whitaker was a member of the Ex ecutive Council in 1851. The following served as delegates to the several conventions held in Massachusetts : Capt. Eleazer Kingsbury, delegate to the First Provincial Congress held at Concord, October. 1774, and also to the Second, at Cambridge, February, 1775. Col. William Mcintosh, delegate to the Third Pro vincial Congress, convened at Watertown, May 31, 1775, and also to the Convention which met at Cam bridge, Sept. 1, 1779, to frame a new " Constitution or Form of Government.'' He was also delegate to the Convention held in Boston in January, 1788, which ratified the Constitution of the United States. Col. William Mcintosh and Robert Fuller, Jr., were chosen to attend a Convention held at Concord in October, 1779, " to take into consideration the prices of merchandize and country produce, &c." Col. Jonathan Kingsbury, delegate to a Convention of Delegates from the towns in Norfolk County, on May 15, 1794, at Henry Vose's, Milton, " to consult on matters respecting said County.'' Aaron Smith, delegate to the Convention held at Boston to revise the Constitution, 1820. Emery Fisk, delegate to the Convention to revise the Constitution, 1853. SELECTMEN. Deacon Timothy Kingsbury, 1711-18, '20, '21, '23, '24, '32, '33, '36, '39, '47. Capt. John Fisher, 1711-14, '22-26. John Smith, 1711-16, '18-20. Benjamin Mills, 1711, '19. Capt. Robert Cook, 1711-15, '18-20, '21-24, '27-31, '34-35, '37, '39-47. 534 HISTOBY OF NOBFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. Joseph Daniels, 1712. Deacon Jeremiah Woodcock, 1712-14, '19, '22, '33. Richard Moore, 1712-14. Lieut. Thomas Metcalf, 1714-15, '18, '23, '27, 30-31. John Rice, 1715, '16, '18, '20. Josiah Kingsbury, 1716-17, '20-23, '25-26, '28, '38. Deacon Eleazer Kingsbury, 1716, '17, '21, '27, '29-31, '33, '36, '39, '41, '46-48. Benjamin Mills, Jr., 1717. John Smith, Jr., 1717, '19, '22, '24, '26, '28. Josiah Newell, 1719, '22, '24, '25. Joseph Hawes, 1719. Joseph Boyden, 1721. Joseph Mills, 1723. Henry Pratt, 1725, '26, '28-31, '34, '35. Andrew Dewing, 1725, '27. Capt. Robert Fuller, 1726, '28-32, '34, '35, '37, '39, '42, '43, '46- '49. Ensign Thomas Fuller, 1727, '29, '39. James Kingsbury, 1732, '41, '43. William Mills, 1732. John Fisher, Esq., 1732, '36, '38, '45, '47, '50. Zechariah Mills, 1734, '35, '43/46, '47, '49. Jonathan Hunting, 1734, '35. John Underwood, 1736. Jonathan Smith, 1736, '38, '49. Lieut. Amos Fuller, 1737, '42, '43, '52, '54-58, '60, '61, '64, '65, '69. Benoni Woodward, 1737, '40. Ensign Aaron Smith, 1737, '40, '42, '44, '47-51. Nathaniel Bullard, 1740, '46. JohnGoodnow, 1740. Jeremiah Fisher, 1742, '44, '45, '47, '48, '50. Samuel Parker, 1744, '45. Josiah Newell, Esq., 1744, '45, '47-51, '53, '61, '62, '64-66, '69, '74, '77. Eliakim Cook, 1750,- '51, 59, '66. Joseph Daniel, 1751. Nathaniel Mann, 1751. John Alden, 1752. Capt. Caleb Kingsbury, 1752, '54, '59, '62, '70, '73. Thomas Metcalf, 1752-58, '60. Ephraim Ware, Jr., 1752. Lieut. Robert Fuller, 1753-62, '67, '68, '70, '72, '74, '76-78, '80, '84. Capt. Eleazer Kingsbury, 1753, '56-58, '60, '62, '64, '65, '67, '68, '70, '73. John Mills, 1753. Samuel Mackintyre, 1755-57, '60. Ebenezer Skinner, 1754. Samuel Daniel, 1755. Jonathan Smith, 1758. Nathaniel Fisher, 1759, '62, '73, '74, '77, '78, '82, '85. Lemuel Pratt, 1759-63, '73. Ephraim Bullard, 1761. Michael Metcalf, 1763-65, '67, '68, '71,72. Deacon John Fisher, 1763-65, '68, '75, '81. Jonathan Denning, 1763. Timothy Newell, 1763, '69, "72, '76. Josiah Eaton, 1766, '74. John Kingsbury, 1776. Capt. Ephraim Jackson, 1766. Col. William Mcintosh, 1767, '68, '70, '75, '78, '80, '81, '83-85 '91, '92. ' Seth Wilson, 1767, '69. Lieut. Ebenezer Fisher, 1769. Capt. William Smith, 1770, '75, '79. Jonathan Day, 1771. Amos Fuller, 1771, '72, '76. Benjamin Mills, 1771, '84. Lieut. John Bacon, 1771. Isaac Underwood, 1772. Josiah Ware, 1773. Ebenezer Fuller, 1774, '75. William Fuller, Esq., 1775-81, '84-86, '88-92, 94-96, '98, 1800, '01. Col. Silas Alden, 1776, '80, '87, '88, '91, '93/97-1802. John Slack, 1777, '78. Lieut. Oliver Mills, 1779, '86, '87, '89, '92, '94, '95. Sergt. Thomas Fuller, 1779, '80. Samuel Daggett, 1779. Capt. Aaron Smith, 1783, '89. Aaron Smith, 1781, '90-99, 1801-04, '08-12. Stephen Bacon, 1781. Robert Fuller, Jr., 1782, '83, '87, '88, '92 Enoch Parker, 1782. Eleazer Fuller, 1782-83, '99, 1800-02. Col. Jonathan Kingsbury, 1782, '90, '93-96, '98, '99, 1800-02. Jeremiah Darrtel, 1783. Jonathan Smith, 1784. Deacon Isaac Shepard, 1784. Lieut. Samuel Townsend, 1785. Samuel Brown, 1785-86, '88. Nathaniel Ware, 1786. Ebenezer Day, 1786. Enoch Fisk, 1787-88. Lieut. Ephraim Bullard, 1787. Amos Fuller, 1789-90. Moses Fisk, 1789. Capt. Josiah Newell, 1790, '91, '93. Capt. Robert Smith, 1793-95. Dr. Timothy Fuller, 1797. Lieut. Jonathan Gay, 1796-98. William Farris, 1796-97. Col. Moses Mann, 1799, 1800, '04. Samuel Pratt, 1802. George Fisher, 1S03, '04, '16, '18, '19. Lieut. Moses Garfield, 1803, '04, '06, '08, '12-19. Maj. Ebenezer Mcintosh, 1803-07, '18, '19, '21, '23. Daniel Ware, Esq., 1805-16. Royal Mcintosh, 1805, '07. Amos Fuller, Jr., 1S05. David Smith, Jr., 1805-11. Benjamin Slack, Esq., 1806, '19-22, '24-26, '31. James Smith, 1807-11. Dr. Samuel Gould, 1809-12. Jonathan Gay, Jr., 1812-15. Daniel Hunting, 1813-15. Capt. Jonathan Fuller, 1813-16, '22-44, '28, '29. Capt. Eiisha Lyon, 1816, '19-21, '23, '25, '27, '37-41, '45-47. Aaron Smith, 1817-18, '20, '22, '28, '29. Capt. George Smith, 1817, '20, '22, '23, '26. Seth Colburn, 1817, '19. Peter Lyon, Esq., 1817, '20-23, '25, '26, '34. Artemas Newell, Esq., 1820-23, '26-28, '30. Israel Whitney, 1824, '34. Capt. Reuben Ware, 1824-26, '43. Gen. Charles Rice, 1825, '27-28, '30, '32, '33. Capt. Ebenezer Fuller, 1827. Capt. Curtis Mcintosh, 1827/28. Thomas Kingsbury, 1829, '30, '32, '33, '35. Ameaphel Smith, 1829, '31. NEEDHAM. 535 Deacon Benjamin Fuller, 1829, '31. Lieut. Robert Fuller,3 1761-88. Joseph Newell, 1831, '32, '33. Moses Fuller, 1788-96. William Flagg, 1831, '32, '33, '35, '36, '44, '45, '52, '59, '60. Dr. Timothy Fuller, 1796-98. Davis C. Mills, 1832, '33, '43, '44. Daniel Kingsbury, 1799. Solomon Flagg, 1833, '42, '43, '46-49. James Smith, 1800. Dexter Ware, 1834, '35. Daniel Ware, 1801. William A. Kingsbury, 1834. Col. Jonathan Kingsbury, 1802-04. Tyler Pettee, 1834. Jonathan Gay, Jr., 1805-15, '23. JohnS. Bird, 1835. Solomon Flagg, 1816, '17, '22. Col. Warren Dewing, 1835, '36, '45-48. Otis Sawyer, 1836, '52-55. Michael Mcintosh, 1836. Reuel Ware, 1836-38. Spencer Fuller, 1837, '38. Deacon Lauren Kingsbury, 1837, '38, '56, '57. Jonathan Fuller, Jr., 1S37, '53-57. Emery Fisk, 1838-40. William Eaton, 1839, '42-44. William Pierce, 1839, '40-44, '48-51. Moses Garfield (2d), 1839-41. James Smith, 1840, '41. John Mills, 1841, '42. Joshua B. Lyon, 1S42. Daniel Grant, 1844. Timothy N. Smith, 1849-51. George K. Daniell, 1850, '51. Josiah H. Carter, 1852-54. Galen Orr, 1855, '58-65, '72. Charles C. Greenwood, 1856, '57. Nathaniel Wales, Jr., 1858-60. George Howland, 1858. Silas G. Williams, 1861-68. Augustus Stevens, 1861-68. Charles H. Dewing, 1866-69, '71. Dexter Kingsbury, 1869, '70, '72. Freeman Phillips, 1869, '70. James Mackintosh, 1870, '75-77, '81, '84. George Spring, 1871, '72. Edmund M. Wood, 1871. Hezekiah Fuller, 1872. Joseph E. Fiske, 1873-76. William R. Mills, 1873, '74. Everett J. Eaton, 1873, '74. Mark Lee,1 1875-82. Lyman K. Putney, 1877-80. Joseph H. Dewing, 1878-80. Enos H. Tucker, 1881-83. Henry Blackman, 1882, '83. William H. Mcintosh, 1882, '83. F. P. Glover, 1884. William Carter, 1884. TOWN CLERKS. Timothy Kingsbury, 1712-18, '20-24. Richard More, 1714 (four months). Josiah Newell, 1719. John Fisher, 1722, '25-27. Capt. Robert Fuller, 1728-35, '37, 41-43, '46-59. Thomas Fuller, 1736, '38. Jeremiah Fisher, 1739, '40, '44. Eliakim Cook, 1745, '50, '51. Thomas Metcalf, 1752-60.2 1 Resigned May 5, 1882, and Henry Blackman elected to fill the vacancy. 2 Died Oct. S, 1760, and Lieut. Robert Fuller chosen to serve the rest of the year. Dr. Samuel Gould, 1818-21. Asa Kingsbury,* 1824-50. Solomon Flagg,1850-81. Charles C. Greenwood, 1881-84. TREASURERS. Capt. Robert Cook, 1712, '16, '18, '33-35, '39-45. Thomas Metcalf, 1713. Josiah Kingsbury, 1714, '19-22, '28-30, '36-38. Eleazer Kingsbury, 1715. Benjamin Mills, Jr., 1717. Thomas Fuller, 1723, '24. Timothy Kingsbury, 1725. Benoni Woodward, 1726. John Fisher, 1727, '31, '32. Capt. Robert Fuller, 1746-49. Jonathan Parker, 1750-55. Capt. Eleazer Kingsbury, 1756-63. Timothy Newell, 1761 (two months). Nathaniel Fisher, 1764, '65. Capt. Caleb Kingsbury, 1766-68. Amos Fuller, 1769-90. Moses Fuller, 1790-92. Col. Jonathan Kingsbury, 1793-1806. Daniel Ware, Esq., 1807-17. Capt. Jonathan Gay, 1818-21, '25-29. Aaron Smith, 1822-24. Israel Whitney, Esq., 1830, '35-37. Rufus Mills, Esq., 1831-34. William Flagg, 1838. Eiisha Lyon, Esq., 1839-52. Thomas Kingsbury,!* 1853-59. Solomon Flagg, 1860-81. Levi Ladd, 1881, '82, '84. John M. Harris, 1883. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. EDGAR KIMBALL WHITAKER. The ancestors of this gentleman were of Saxon origin. The ancient family-seat was in Warwickshire, upon a tract called Whiteacre or Whitacre in Domes day Book (a.d. 1086). Part of this tract is still so designated. It was " enfeoffed" to the ancestors of Simon de Whitacre, knight, of the reign of Henry I. 3 Died May 12, 17S8. * Died Aug. 17, 1S50, and Solomon Flagg appointed by the selectmen, Aug. 19, 1850, to serve the rest of the year. 5 Died May 14, 1859, and Solomon Flagg appointed by the selectmen to serve the remainder of the year. 536 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. (a.d. 1100-1135). The chiefs of the family, knights and barons, were many times called to be of the " king's council," under the first three Edwards and Richard II., a period of near one hundred years. Their coats-of-arms bore invariably three lozenges, or three mascles. Since feudal times, when their men of mark were soldiers, the Whitakers have achieved distinction as scholars, historians, divines, jurists, and physicians. The limits of this paper will not permit a recapitulation of their names and record. Suffice it that the family history is honorable. Branches of the family settled, first, in Lancashire and Yorkshire, and afterwards in Wiltshire, Dorset shire, and other counties. Later on, representatives emigrated to Ireland, Germany, and America. In 1611, Bev. Alexander Whitaker, known as the " apostle of Virginia," and son of Bev. William Whitaker, LL.D., Master of St. John's College, Cambridge, came to Virginia with Sir John Dale, and was established at Henrico. Of the immediate ancestors of Edgar Kimball Whitaker, Jonathan, born about 1690, is said to have " left England on account of religious persecution, settled first in Connecticut, then on Long Island, and afterwards in New Jersey." He resided at Hunting ton, Island of Nassau (now Long Island), in 1724. He removed to Mine Brook Farm (purchased in 1734), near Basking Ridge, Somerset Co., N. J., where he died in 1763. A lineal descendant occu pies the old homestead. He was a Puritan of the Puritans. He left a portion of his estate in trust for the Christian education of the Indians. Of his eight known children, Nathaniel was sev enth, and the third son. Nathaniel was born in 1730 ; was educated at Princeton, N. J., where he was grad uated in 1752. He became a Presbyterian clergy man, and was first settled at Woodbridge, N. J., in 1755. In 1759, he was " called" by the Chelsea Society " to settle in the work of the gospel ministry" at Norwich, Conn., and, having accepted, "arrived with his family and goods, by water, April 12, 1760. A room for preaching had been prepared in the tavern kept by Samuel Trapp, and a bell, to take the place of the Sabbath drum, was suspended in the rear of the house, from a scaffolding erected upon a rock." Early in 1766 he was selected by the Board of Commis sioners of the London and Edinburgh Societies for Propagating the Gospel in New England to visit Eng land and Scotland in behalf of Rev. Eleazer Whee- lock's Indian school at Lebanon, Conn., and during an absence of eighteen months, procured donations to the amount of eleven thousand pounds for the school, the final result being the founding of the in stitution at Hanover, N. H., which takes its name from Lord Dartmouth, one of the principal donors 1 and a warm friend of Mr. Whitaker. In one of his letters to Mr. Wheelock (March 19, 1766), he says, " Yesterday the good King went to the house, in the midst of the shouts and acclamations of a joyful people, in order to sign the Bill for Repealing the accursed Stamp Act ; of this I was a spectator. A joyful day it was." St. Andrew's University gave Mr. Whitaker the degree of D.D. while he was in Scotland. In 1768 he resumed his pastorate at Nor wich. In 1769 he was installed as pastor of the Old Tabernacle Church, in Salem, Mass., where he remained until 1784, when he organized a Presby terian Church at Norridgewock, Me., retaining his charge there for six years. In 1790 he removed to Hampton, Va., where he died in 1795. His portrait — presented to him in London, by Lord Dartmouth, according to family tradition — is in the library at Dartmouth College, where it was deposited by its owner, Judge J. S. Whitaker, of New Orleans, his grandson. He was learned, a powerful writer and preacher, prone to controversy and skilled in it, an ardent patriot, and a man of indomitable will. His appearance was prepossessing, and his manners winning. Jonathan was the seventh of Nathaniel's eight chil dren, and was the fourth son. He was born in Salem, Mass., in 1771; was graduated at Harvard College in 1797, and became a Unitarian minister. His first pastorate was at Sharon, Mass., where he was ordained .. and installed in 1799, Rev. Abiel Holmes, the father of Oliver Wendell Holmes, preaching the ordination sermon. In 1817 he removed to New Bedford, Mass., where, in addition to his pastoral duties, he assumed, the charge of an academy, with decided advantage to the then growing town. In 1823 he went to Sum- merville, S. C, where he remained some years. His next residence was in Ogdensburg, N. Y., whence he removed to Henrietta, in that State, where he preached and conducted tho Monroe Academy, and where he died in 1835. He married Mary Kimball, of Brad ford, Mass., sister of Bev. Daniel Kimball, long an honored resident of Needham, and of Bev. David' Tenny Kimball, for fifty years Unitarian clergyman at Ipswich, Mass. Jonathan Whitaker was a thor ough scholar, gifted as a public speaker, devoted to his sacred calling, and eminently successful as a teacher. During the second war with Great Britain, although an ardent Federalist, he went at the head of a company of one hundred of his parishioners to assist in throwing up the earthworks upon Dorchester Heights, near Boston, when invasion was expected. £ -9^-l'ZfA Hliitchj.Z cf./^ ¥^£^{^,~ NEEDHAM. 537 Edgar Kimball was his fourth son, and the sixth of his ten children. He was born in Sharon, Nor folk Co., Aug/27, 1806, and died in Boston, Nov. 10, 1883. He received his early instruction in the school of Bev. Dr. Bichmond, pastor of the Unitarian Society at Stoughton, in whose family he lived until after his father's removal to New Bedford. At New Bedford he continued his studies at the academy estab lished by his father, in preparation for matriculation at Harvard College, but, preferring a mercantile life, he entered the house of W. & G. Allen, of that place, in his fifteenth year. In 1823 he went to Boston, and was employed in the old dry-goods house of Lane & Lamson, and on a change of the firm, remained with his valued friend, David Lane. In 1827, his health failing, he was advised to choose a country residence, and found employment in the charge of the books of the manufacturing firm of Crocker, Bich mond & Co., of Taunton, Mass. After a pleasant year in that then delightful town, with health re stored, he returned to Boston, and to his old employ ers, — Lane & Lamson. In 1829 he went into business on his own account as a dry-goods merchant, succeed ing David Lane, on Cornhill. Subsequently he established himself at the corner of Water and Wash ington Streets. The business of his firm was large, but its capital was mainly in the energy and business qualifications of its managers. It went down in the dark days that ended with the grand financial crash of 1837. After winding up its affairs, Mr. Whitaker went to New York, where he found occupation, first, as a clerk, and afterwards in the office of Gen. James Lorrimer Graham, in conveyancing. In the summer of 1839 he left New York for East Needham, where he purchased a farm, and soon became identified with the interests of the town. Here he had two honored relatives, — Bev. Daniel Kimball, a college friend of his father, and his maternal uncle, and Mrs. Clarissa Ritchie, his mother's sister, and wife of Rev. William Ritchie, the Unitarian clergyman of the East Parish. He had married, Oct. 28, 1830, Catharine Cravath Holland, daughter of John Holland, of Boston. During the rebuilding of the house upon his farm, in the winter of 1839-40, Mr. Whitaker taught the Upper Falls district school, and many of the substan tial, older residents of that part of Needham were among his pupils. His experience as a teacher was one of his pleasantest recollections, and it was of essential service to him in the making of friendships which made Needham always dear to him. Inter ested in the cause of popular education, and an earnest promoter of the common school system in Massachu setts, his practical acquaintance with the require ments of the teacher's calling, and the defects of our old district schools made him an efficient coadjutor of his cherished friends, Horace Mann and Barnas Sears, in their great work. In all matters affecting the prosperity and the moral progress of Needham Mr. Whitaker took a lively interest, and was indefatigable and judicious in his efforts. He devoted himself with unremitting zeal to the temperance reform. He connected him self with the Sunday-school of the Unitarian Church, and for many years was its faithful superintendent. The village Lyceum, an organization for lectures and debates (founded by Bev. Daniel Kimball, who was its presiding officer until advancing age compelled him to relinquish the charge), owed a great share of its prosperity to his constant support. He served for a long series of terms upon the town school committee, and gave much of his time to the supervision and improvement of the schools. The forlorn condition of the parish cemetery attracted his attention at an early day, and the task of its extension and embel lishment was accomplished mainly in consequence of his efforts and appeals. He was foremost in the organization of the Norfolk County Agricultural So ciety, of which he was the first corresponding secre tary, Marshall P. Wilder being its first president. At his own cost he laid out public streets. He planted shade-trees by the highways. He labored assiduously, in the face of constant opposition and discouragement, to bring the railroad through East Needham, sustaining the project almost unaided when other men grew disheartened. Mr. Whitaker received the unsolicited appoint ments of justice of the peace and trial justice from Governor Briggs, a political opponent. In 1843, and several times afterwards, he was Democratic candidate for the State Senate. In 1846 he represented the town in the lower house. In 1848 he was nominated by the Democrats to succeed John Quincy Adams in Congress, and was a delegate to the Democratic National Convention at Baltimore. In 1849 he was elected one of the Governor's council. For three years he was agent of the commonwealth for the in spection of charitable institutions. In 1853 he re ceived a position in the Boston custom-house, and re mained in that service until after the inauguration of President Lincoln. In 1862, Secretary Chase gave him an appointment in the Treasury Department, and during the remainder of his active life he was in gov ernment employment, at Washington generally, but with intervals at New York and New Orleans. At the latter place he was auditor of customs from 1866 until relieved at his own request, in 1869. Finally, 538 HISTOBY OF NOBFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. his health failing, and after a prolonged leave of ab sence, in 1876 he resigned his official duties, and returned to Massachusetts, where he died, as stated. His first wife died at Needham, April, 22, 1850. Nov. 28, 1850, he married Clementina Augusta Dimick, daughter of Jacob Dimick, of Quechee, Vt. She died in Washington in February, 1865. Sept. 19, 1866, he married, at New Orleans, Sarah Beaumont Millard, daughter of Alfred Millard. By his first wife he had eleven children, nine of whom have survived him. Mr. Whitaker was a man of pure life, was fond of books, and his mind was well stored and cultured. He wrote with force and elegance, and his advantages of voice, person, and manner rendered him an ex tremely effective public speaker. Misfortunes never affected his amiability, or diminished his faith in human kind. He has left to his descendants an honored name, and earned the lasting regard of his townsmen. GALEN ORR. Hugh Orr, the first American ancestor of Galen Orr, was born in Lochwinnoch, Renfrewshire, Scot land, Jan. 2, 1715. He was " educated a gunsmith and house-lock filer." He came to America June 17, 1740, and, after a temporary stop at Easton, set tled in East Bridgewater, where he lived until the time of his death, Dec. 6, 1798. He married Mary Bass, daughter of Capt. Jonathan Bass, of Bridgewater, Aug. 4, 1742. " Hon. Hugh Orr, Esq.," as he is styled in certain resolutions passed by the General Court of Massachusetts, May 2, 1787, very soon after he came to East Bridgewater, established iron works there and commenced the manufacture of scythes and axes. He was engaged just before the Bevolu tion in the manufacture of fire-arms, and at the com mencement of that war produced the first cannon made in this country by boring from the solid cast ing. Shortly after the Revolutionary war he was a member of the Massachusetts Senate. He was also instrumental in the introduction of cotton machinery into this country, and the first machines for carding, roving, and spinning cotton made in the United States were constructed at his works in East Bridge- water. He had ten children, two sons and eight daughters. Hugh Orr, Jr., who was the tenth child and the grandfather of the subject of this sketch, was born in Bridgewater, Mass., July 26, 1766, and lived there until his death, June 2, 1851. He married Sylvia Mitchell, and there were born to them twelve chil- dren, eight sons and four daughters. Thomas Orr, the eldest son of Hugh Orr, Jr., was born in Bridgewater, Mass., July 18, 1785. When quite a young man he obtained employment in Need ham, and there met Rachel Bullen, of that town, whom he afterwards married. About the year 1812 he removed with his family to Shirley, Mass., where he died March 14, 1819, leaving a widow and six children, the eldest twelve years and the youngest ten months old, without adequate means of support. Necessity compelled the mother to place the older children under the care of relatives and friends, and returning with her two younger children to Need ham, she endeavored to provide for her own and their support. Galen Orr, whose portrait is here given, was the fifth child of Thomas and Bachel (Bullen) Orr. He was born in Shirley, Mass., Dec. 9, 1815. His early life was spent on a farm, with only such advantages for education as the public schools of that day afforded. Being obliged to rely upon his own resources to gain a livelihood, he learned the trade of nail-cutting, and worked at it in the towns of Braintree and Dover, Mass., and also in Boston, at the large works then located on the " Mill Dam." At Newton Lower Falls he worked as a blacksmith and machinist, gain ing knowledge and experience which were of great value to him in the business which he afterwards established. In the year 1837 he married Mary Ann Smith, daughter of Luther Smith, of Needham, and settled in that town. The children by this marriage were Galen, Jr., born July 3, 1838, and died Feb. 8, 1883; Mary E., born Feb. 11, 1840; Lydia A., born April 25, 1842 ; and Isabella A., born Nov. 8, 1844. Galen, Jr., married Henrietta Childs. The husband of Mary E. is Edgar H. Bowers, a manufac turer of Needham, and the husband of Lydia A. is Emery Grover, a lawyer in active practice at the Suffolk bar. In 1839, Mr. Orr commenced the man ufacture of blind hinges and fastenings, which he continued until his death, taking into partnership, in 1872, his son-in-law, Edgar H. Bowers. About 1850 he purchased the mill privilege on Bosemary Street, in Needham, and engaged in the manufacture of cot ton batting, which business he continued for some six years, when he sold the machinery to be removed from the mill. In 1857 he formed a copartnership with his cousin, Thaddeus Bullen, of Haverhill, Mass., and fitted up the mill for the manufacture of tacks and finishing nails ; but this business proving unrenumera- tive, at the end of a year and a half the partner ship was dissolved and its affairs closed. In 1860 he ¦£%? ^byAtfUittfl^- Jfa-^ t^yy- NEEDHAM. 539 established a grist-mill, and for about six years dealt quite largely in flour and grain. Mr. Orr's early political affiliations were with the Democratic party, but upon the organization of the Free-Soil party he was among the first to join its numbers, and he con tinued in it until the formation of the Republican party, with which he acted up to the time of his death. Al though not a member of any church, he was always interested in the institutions of religion and contri buted liberally for their support. When the Congre gational society of Needham was formed he assisted in its organization and attended that church, with his family, as long as his health permitted. He was espe cially fond of church music, and gave liberally of his time and means to develop an interest in and to support that part of public worship. He was a mem ber of the board of selectmen and overseers of the poor of the town of Needham for the year 1855, and after wards for eight consecutive years from 1858 to 1865, and was re-elected in 1866, but declined to serve longer. During the war of the Rebellion he was chairman of the board, performing the arduous duties which at that trying time devolved upon such officers with untiring energy and in a manner which left no room to doubt his entire devotion to the cause of his country and the interests of those who went to defend and preserve its institutions. In 1872 he was again elected selectman and overseer of the poor, and served as chairman ; he was re-elected in 1873, but declined to accept. In 1864 he was a member of the State Legislature, representing the Fourteenth Norfolk District, then composed of the towns of Needham, Medfield, and Dover. He was elected special commissioner for the county of Norfolk for the term of three years from Jan. 1, 1869, and served in that capacity. In 1871 he was elected county commissioner, and continued in that office by re-election until the close of the year 1879. In 1874 he was elected president of the Needham Savings- Bank, which position he occupied until the closing of the bank in 1879, when he and the treasurer, Emery Grover, Esq., were appointed receivers. Under the re ceivership the depositors have been paid in full. The beginning of the year 1880 found him in failing health, and he withdrew from active life and spent the re mainder of his days quietly at his home in Needham, where he died March 4, 1881. Mr. Orr was a man of much strength of character, active and energetic, of great firmness and keen fore sight, and although lacking the advantages of early education which many of his associates enjoyed, was able to raise himself to a position of influence and honor in the community which he held to the last. His counsel and advice were frequently sought by neigh bors and townsmen in matters touching both public and private interests, and his judgment was always trusted. His kindness of heart and sympathy with the unfortunate were remarkable, and no deserving person ever appealed to him in vain if it was in his power to assist. ELISHA LYON. Eiisha Lyon, for more than sixty years one of the honored citizens of Needham, was born in Milton, Sept. 29, 1778 ; son of Jacob and Jerusha (Tucker) Lyon. He remained in his native town until sixteen years of age, when he went to Roxbury and com menced working at the hatter's trade. In conse quence of the death of his employer soon after, he left Roxbury and, going to Dedham, entered the employ of Reuben Guild, with whom he completed his apprenticeship as a hatter. At the age of twenty- one he removed to Needham and commenced the man ufacture of hats, which he carried on successfully for nearly forty years. His factory was destroyed by fire in 1834, and being then fifty-six years of age, Mr. Lyon concluded not to rebuild, but to pass the balance of his life in comparative retirement from active busi ness. Dec. 18, 1800, he united in marriage with Sally Brown, who died June 6, 1807 ; their children were Sally B., born May 28, 1801 ; Louisa, born April 11, 1803; and Lemuel, Feb. 2, 1806. Oct. 31, 1809, Mr. Lyon married Polly Brown, sister of his former wife, and their family were as follows :. Joshua B., born Oct. 25, 1810; Mary Ann, born -Nov. 7, 1814; Eiisha Hiram, born Feb. 11, 1818; and Hannah, born Feb. 19, 1820; all living except Joshua B. Mrs. Lyon died Sept. 6, 1867. Mr. Eiisha H. Lyon [who incorporates the accom panying portrait as a tribute to the memory of his father] and his sister, Hannah, reside on the old home stead where they were born. Politically, Mr. Lyon was originally a Jeffersonian Democrat, later a member of the Free-Soil party, and was a stanch member of the Republican party from its organization to the day of his death. Possessed of a taste and an ability for the discharge of public duties, a judgment well balanced and al most uniformly correct in its results, and an integrity of character that was never touched by whisper or reflection ; it is not strange that he was selected by his fellow- citizens as one fitted to assume and admin ister public trusts in a variety of town relations. He ] never shrank from the duties of citizenship, and served I his town faithfully and well, and discharged the duties 540 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. of the various positions to which he was called to the entire satisfaction of his fellow-citizens. He was a representative to the General Court in 1816, 1839, and 1840 ; selectman fifteen years, and for seven of those years chairman of the board ; town treasurer from 1839 to 1852 inclusive. He was one of the superintending school committee fouf years ; he was also a member of the local or district committee for several years ; assessor three years ; and being fre quently chosen moderator of town meetings. For a period of nearly thirty years he rendered valuable services on various committees, appointed from time to time to consider town matters. He was commissioned justice of the peace in 1824. In 1814 he was the commander of East Militia Company of .the town, and although not called into service, the company was ready to march for the defense of the country at a minute's warning, the alarm to be given by the ringing of the bell. Personally, Eiisha Lyon represented the best type of that pure, firm, straightforward, stalwart, Saxon virtue, which has proven New England's best inherit ance from the mother-country. In religious faith he was a Unitarian, and a firm believer in both the jus tice and goodness of the Deity. And so by holiness in life, and godliness in walk, he sought to be judged rather than by any show of the mere ceremonials of profession. He was a member of the First Church of Needham, and from Sept. ], 1826, to May 19, 1849, a deacon. He was also on standing committee many years. Later in life he attended the Orthodox Church at the " Plains," and was chosen a deacon, but declined the office. Eiisha Lyon was essentially a self-made man. Early in life he learned that the way to success was by no royal road, but was open to stout hearts and willing hands. He gained nothing by mere luck, but every thing by perseverance and well-digested plans, and the intelligent application of his energies to the end in view. He was a kind neighbor, and one of Needham's most honored citizens. He died May 14, 1862, aged eighty-three years, seven months, and fifteen days. REV. DANIEL KIMBALL. Rev. Daniel Kimball was the oldest son of Daniel and Elizabeth (Tenney) Kimball, and was born in Bradford, Mass., July 3, 1778. His ancestors were among the earliest settlers of that town, and his father was one of the largest and most successful farmers of the place, highly esteemed by his townsmen, filling various offices of trust and honor, and taking a deep interest in his country's cause in her struggle for inde pendence. His mother was of a devout, religious tem perament, endowed with a large share of native intel ligence improved by reading, and with her husband devoted to the education and moral improvement of her children. In common with his brothers and sisters (ten in number) Daniel inherited a robust physical frame, a cheerfulness of temperament, and a love of labor which made his services of great value to his father, whom he assisted on the farm, attending the district school in winter to the age of sixteen. Early showing a taste for study, he then, with his father's permission, went to the academy in the neighboring town of Atkinson, N. H., and there fitted for college, entering Harvard at the age of eighteen. He gradu ated with distinction in the class of 1800, numbering o among his classmates Washington Allston, Dr. Charles Lowell, Chief Justice Shaw, Bev. Joseph S. Buck- minster, and other noted men with whom he main tained intimate and pleasant relations during life. After leaving college Mr. Kimball taught school for a year or two, and then returned to Cambridge as a theological student under the direction of Dr. Tap- pan Hollis, professor of Divinity, and was approbated and commenced preaching in 1803. The same year he delivered the Latin valedictory on taking the de gree of Master of Arts, and was appointed tutor in Latin at Harvard, which office he held two years ; and after spending two or three years more in theological study and preaching, and declining several offers to settle over a parish, he accepted a call from the trus tees of Derby Academy in Hingham to take the office of preceptor, and entered upon its duties in 1808. On March 22d, of the same year, he was married to Miss Betsey Gage, of Bradford, daughter of Peter and Mary (Webster) Gage, and granddaughter of Major Benjamin Gage, an officer in the French war and in the American army of the Revolution. Mr. Kimball remained in Hingham for eighteen years, discharging his duties as preceptor with ex emplary fidelity, taking private pupils into his family, and often called to officiate in vacant pulpits and in ministerial duties. Strictly conscientious in all that he did, he was not one to neglect any duty or to esteem it irksome. His heart was in his work. His pupils felt the influence of his faithfulness, and went from his hands thoroughly prepared for college and other pursuits, and strengthened in their moral character by the example and precepts of their instructor. So ex act was he in the preparation of his pupils for college that not one offered by him during his whole course of teaching (over forty years) ever failed of admission. Many lads afterwards eminent in various walks of life MEDWAY. 540a were his pupils, and it may be mentioned as an evi dence of the esteem in which he was held in Hing ham and vicinity that John Quincy Adams, who was his steadfast friend, on going abroad as minister to Russia, placed his two sons, George Washington and John, under his care. In order to qualify himself more fully for ministerial work, Mr. Kimball was ordained as an evangelist, while at Hingham, by the Plymouth Association, Dec. 17, 1817. In the spring of 1826, Mr. Kimball purchased a farm in Needham, then a very retired country town, and opened a boarding- and day-school for youth of both sexes. His oldest son, Daniel, fitted for college, but died before entering. Both the others entered and graduated at Harvard, having been fitted for col lege by their father. His daughters assisted both in the school and the cares of the household. Upon taking up his residence in Needham, Mr. Kimball at once identified himself with the interests of the town, and labored in every way for its temporal and spiritual advancement. He was a member of the school committee for twenty-three years and chair man of the board most of that time, and wrote valu able and suggestive reports. He also assisted in the formation of the American Institute of Instruction, and had been at the time of his death for twenty-seven years one of its vice-presidents. He was often ap pointed on committees in town-matters, and in 1846 represented the town in the State Legislature. After a life of temperance and activity old age found him with a still vigorous intellect, and with a sufficient degree of physical energy to enjoy that pe riod which by many is anticipated with dread, and he retained his calmness and cheerfulness to the last. He died at Needham Jan. 17, 1862, aged eighty-three years and six months. Mrs. Kimball survived her husband several years, and died at Needham Nov. 11, 1873, aged eighty-nine years and ten months. Their children were nine in number, and were all born in Hingham: Elizabeth Tenney, born March 23, 1810; died in Boston April 2, 1833. Harriet Webster, born Dec. 1, 1812 ; married John M. Washburn, Esq. ; resides in Lancaster, Mass. Daniel, born Oct. 1, 1814; died in Needham Dec. 17, 1827. Benjamin Gage, born May 5, 1816 ; married Miss Emeline F. Smith, and resides in Edgartown, Mass. Mary Jane, born Oct. 19, 1817; married Hon. James Ritchie ; resides in Hyde Park. Henry Colman, born Feb. 25, 1820 ; married Miss Harriet C. Fisher, and resides in Stoughton, Mass. Charles David Tenney, born Sept. 6, 1821 ; died in Hingham, July 24, 1822. Charlotte Sophia, born July 31, 1823 ; married J. C. Hoadley, Esq. ; died at Lancaster, June 12, 1848. Clara Anna, born Jan. 7, 1825 ; died in Needham, Dec. 25, 1847. CHAPTER XLIV. MEDWAY. BY E. 0. JAMESON. Medway is not one of the very ancient towns of the commonwealth. Its municipal history reaches back only one hundred and seventy years. It was constituted of that part of Medfield which was located west and north of the river Charles. The early Indian history, the laying out of farms, the building of roads, and the first settlement of the territory now embraced in the town of Medway are identified with the history of Medfield. The larger part of Medway, along the west bank of the river Charles, is country which the Indians called Boggas- tow, the western section lying southward of Win- nekenning (the smile of the Great Spirit) Lake, now Winthrop Pond, the Indians named Mucksquirtt. The eastern and southern boundaries of Medway are the river which Capt. John Smith in 1614 named the Massachusetts, but soon after called the Charles, in honor of Charles I. of England. All the region west of the Charles Biver was once under the dominion of the Nipmuck Indians, but some years prior to King Philip's war the Nipmucks be came divided into several smaller independent tribes, and Boggastow fell to the possession of a small tribe known as the Naticks, whose chief was John Awash- amog. The patent granted to John Endicott in 1628, who, with his company of immigrants, settled Salem, embraced within its extreme southern boundary the larger part of the territory included in the present town of Medway. This appears in the description given in the grant, as follows : " That part of New England lying between three miles to the north of the Merrimack and three miles to the south of the Charles Biver, and every part thereof in the Massachusetts Bay and in length between the described breadth from the Atlantic Ocean to the South Sea." For some years after this Patent was issued all the 540b HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. region west of the Charles was held by the Massa chusetts Colony as ''country land," unincorporated and ungranted to settlers. The earliest intimation that the white man's civili zation was about to lay her hand upon the vast wil derness on the west side of the river Charles was given in 1643, when the General Court of Massachu setts Bay granted to the Bev. John Allyne, the first minister of Dedham, in consideration of some public service rendered, two hundred acres of wild land lying- in the forest beyond the west bounds of that town. In 1649 Capt. Bobert Kayne received a Grant of one thousand and seventy-four acres, bounded south by Bev. Mr. Allyne's grant, and in 1652 other grants were made to Nicholas Wood, Thomas Holbrook, Hopestill Layland, and his son, Henry Layland, all of Dorchester, Mass. Their lands lying adjacent and near to that granted to Rev. Mr. Allyne. These several grants constituted " The Farms," so called, largely embraced in the present town of Sher born. The single grant made to Rev. Mr. Allyne is easily identified as located in the extreme northeast part of the present town 'of Medway, land lying be tween Boggastow Brook and the southern boundary of the town of Sherborn. It was on this tract of land that the earliest settlement within the limits of Med way was made. Here the first white man appeared on the scene, and became an actual settler in 1657. Meanwhile the town of Medfield had been established by an act of the General Court, and a considerable settlement made on the wide plain to the eastward from the river Charles. The incorporation of Medfield came about in this wise : certain citizens of Dedham conceived the idea of having a new township established which should embrace the western portion of Dedham, and an ad ditional section of meadow and wild lands on the west side of Charles River. Accordingly, on the request of petitioners the town of Dedham made a grant of " so much land within the west end of the bounds of Dedham, next Bog gastow, as is or may be contained within the extent of three miles east and west, and four miles north and south." This territory constitutes the present town of Medfield. A petition was then sent to the General Court for a grant of land west of the river. The answer to this petition is recorded as follows : " In answer to a petition of the inhabitants of Dedham for a parcell of upland and meadow adjoining to their line, to make a village of, in quantity four miles south and north, and three miles east and west, because they are straightened at their doores by other towns and rocky lands, &o. Their request is graunted, so as they erect a distinct village thereupon within one year from this day, Octob. 23, 1649, and Capt. Keaine, Mr. Edward Jackson, and the Surveyor Gennerall are appointed to lay it out at any time, Dedham giving them a weekes warning." Under date of May 22, 1650, the following record appears : " Whereas, there was a graunt made by the Generall Court at a session of the 8th month of 1649 unto the inhabitants of Dedham in answer to petition of theires for enlargement of the village theire, as by the said graunt may more fully appeare, this graunt so made was laid out by Captaine Robert Keaine and Mr. Edward Jackson, who have subscribed it with theire hands in manner and forme followinge, vizt : beginninge at a small hill or Hand in the meddow on the west side of Charles river, and run- ninge from thence about full west three miles, and then turninge a, South line, ended at Charles river at three miles and a quar ter. This line beinge then shorter than by the graunt it was al lowed to be, but accepted by the grauntees. The said river is appointed to be the bounds from that place to the place where the first lyne began. This Court doth approve of this returne of the psons above mentioned concerninge the bound of the said village, & in answer to the request of the inhabitants of Ded ham, doe order that it shall be called Meadfield." It appears from these records that the survey was made to the satisfaction of all parties, and that under date of May 22, 1650, the General Court established the new township and ordered it to be called "Mead field." The grant thus made on the west side of the river Charles, when Medfield became incorporated after wards, constituted a considerable part of Medway, and was known as the " Old Grant." This territory is em braced in East Medway, Rockville, and Medway Vil lage. The first thirteen house-lots in Medfield were laid out June 19, 1650, on the plain east of the river, and the following year the grantees erected houses and removed from Dedham, making the date of the actual settlement of Medfield the year 1651. Dedham sur rendered its jurisdiction Jan. 11, 1651, and the May following the town of Medfield was recognized by the General Court in the following act : "There beinge a Town lately erected beyond Dedham in the County of Suffolke upon Charles river called by the name of Meadfield, upon their request made to this General Court, this General Court hath graunted them all the power and privileges which other towns doe injoy according to law." There followed a somewhat rapid settlement of the new town, and the setting up of religious institutions. Before the year closed, December, 1651, Bev. John Wilson, Jr., was on the ground, and settled as pastor over a people to whom he ministered for the next forty years. The first survey of lands west of the river Charles was that of the "broad meadows," in 1652-53, con sisting of twenty-two grants or about ninety acres in all. In 1653 grants were made to Abraham Harding and Peter Adams in " grape meadow," by the town of Medfield. MEDWAY, 541 The first actual settler within the territory, now Medway, was George Fairbanks, from Dedham, in 1657. Mr. Fairbanks was not connected with the settlement of Medfield Plain, but purchased the tract of land which had been granted in 1643 to Rev. Mr. Allyne, by the General Court. While Mr. Fairbanks lived within the limits of Medfield, and enjoyed relig ious and municipal privileges in that town, he held his land by purchase and not by town grant. He was one " of the inhabitants at " The Farms," so called. His immediate neighbors, as recorded in 1660, were '' nicholas woods, Daniel Morse, Henry Lealand, thomas Holbrooke, and thomas Bas." There were also John Hill, Benjamin Bullard, and perhaps others who settled in the vicinity about this time. Late in 1658 the town of Medfield voted to lay out certain uplands on the " West Side," which the records thus describe : " On the Longe plain to begin next to Boggastow River on that end." " At the furder Corner of our bounds By charles river to Begine next the town." "In pine valley to begin at north end and go throf it." " At the end of pine valley on a per- sell of land that the path goeth throfe." There had, perhaps, been a few grants made to individuals prior to this, — to John Fussell, eight acres, to Ben jamin Abby, and probably to others. But, in 1659, there were laid out fifteen lots, in all one huudred and seventy-three acres, on land owned and taken by the following persons, viz. : Benjamin Abby, heirs of Joseph Morse, Thomas Wight, Sr., John Thurston, Samuel Bullen, Peter Adams, Nicholas Bockwood, Thomas Wight, Jr., John Frairy, Sr., Bobert Hins- dell, Joshua Fisher, Thomas Thurston, Thomas Ellis, Mr. Wilson, James Allen. It is said to be " quite certain that none of the men who drew these lots settled on the west side of the river," although the sons of some of them did years afterwards. Various highways were projected by which these grants of land were made accessible to the owners living in Medfield. It was in the year 1659, that was sought and obtained from the General Court another grant of land to the westward, known as The New Grant. — The following entry is found in the town records of Medfield : " The Eleventh of May one Thousand six hundred fifty-nine, in An swer to petition of the town of Medfield presented to the General Court was granted by the court to the town of Meadfield an addition of land at the west end of their former grant, as the Becord of the Courte will make Appeare." In the Colonial Record for May, 1659, appears the following : " In answer to petition of inhabitants of Medfield, the court judgeth it meete to graunt unto them as an addition to their former bounds and at the west end thereof two miles east and west and four miles north and south, provideth it entrench not upon any former grauuts, and that Capt. Lusher and Left. Fisher are hereby appointed to lay it out." This accession of territory westward is embraced in the present West Parish of Medway. At the next annual town-meeting of Medfield, held Feb. 6, 1660, the following vote was passed : " It is ordered that the new graunt mad to the town this year by the Courte shall Be Divided By way of Devidend to all the inhabitance of the town that are proprietors in the town and that it shal be Divided by the common rules of Division by number of persons and estates." Each member of the family was reckoned the same as ten pounds of estate in the division of land. At another meeting, April 20, 1660, two highways were ordered through this new grant, one at a distance of half a mile north of the Charles River from east to west, the other through " the midst of the tract of land from the way that runs west to a line to the north end of the same." These highways divided the new grant into three sections, known as the River, East, and West Sections. The River Section was divided into twelve lots, em bracing ten hundred and seventy-nine acres. The West Section was divided into nineteen lots, embracing ten hundred and ninety-six acres, and the East Section into sixteen lots, embracing sixteen hundred and fifty- eight acres, leaving some two hundred acres undivided at the northeast corner of the grant, near Winthrop Pond. The names of those who received dividends of these lands are given in the order in which the lots were drawn. The River Section (twelve lots) : Ralph Wheelock, John Metcalf, Robert Mason, John Pratt, Widow Sheppard, Thomas Wight, Jr., Timothy Dwight, John Turner, Alexander Lovell, John Ellis, James Allen, Joseph Thurston. The West Section (nineteen lots) : Heirs of Jo seph Morse, Henry Smith, John Bullard, Sampson Frairy, Edward Adams, John Fussell, William Part ridge, Jonathan Adams, Daniel Morse, John Plymp ton, Isaac Chenery, Joseph Clark, Robert Hinsdell, John Fisher, Nicholas Rockwood, Samuel Bullen, Abiel Wight, John Frairy, Jr., Mr. Wilson. The East Section (sixteen lots) : Gershom Whee lock, Joshua Fisher, Benjamin Abby, John Frairy, Sr., Henry Adams, Thomas Wight, Sr., Thomas 542 HISTOBY OF NOBFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. Mason, Francis Hamant, John Partridge, John Warfield, Thomas Ellis, John Bowers, Thomas Thurs ton, John Thurston, Peter Adams, George Barber. The first white child born within the territory of the present town of Medway was Jonathan Fairbanks, son and sixth child of George Fairbanks, the first settler. He was born May 1, 1662. Jonathan Fairbanks became a physician. He was drowned in crossing Boggastow Pond on the ice as he was re turning from a visit to a patient in Medfield, on the night of Dec. 18, 1719. The establishment of a new town on the west side of the river Charles must have been agitated forty years before it became a fact, for we find that at a session of the General Court held in Boston, in May, 1662, it was voted : " in answer to the petition of the inhabitants of Boggastow, it is ordered that Mr. Ed ward Jackson, Mr. Ephraim Child, ' Mr. William Parks, and Ensigne Fisher, or any three of them, shall and are hereby impowered as a committee to view the place and return their applications to the next sessions of this Court for settling a Township there as is desired." In 1662 lands were laid out on the west side within the " Old Grant," and Joseph Daniell, an accepted townsman of Medfield, in October of that year, drew lands in this new survey, and became soon after the second actual settler of Medway. His house, built prior to 1665, stood west of " Island Woods," and the farm he owned is still owned and tilled by his descendants. Mr. Daniell married, Nov. 16, 1665, Mary Fairbanks, the eldest daughter of George Fair banks, the first settler. This was the first marriage ceremony within the territory, now Medway. Soon after, in the same year, Jonathan Adams and Eliza beth Fussell were married. Jonathan Adams became a settler on the west side in October, 1665. In 1668 William Allen settled where Dr. Richardson afterward lived, and Peter Colley was an inhabitant west of the Charles in 1669. In 1672 the settlement of Indian claims came up, and a committee was chosen " to treat and conclud with John of Boggastow, we mene John a Wasameg of natick, for the interest and right in claim in the lands within our Towne Bownes on the west sid of Charlies River. Thomas Wight, Sr., John Frairy, Sr., John Elice, John Medcallfe, and George Barber ware chose a Commity to treat and conclude with John Awashamog as above said." Shortly after Indian troubles arose, and, Feb. 21, 1676, about half the houses in the village of Medfield were burned and seventeen persons massacred. At this date, so far as is ascertained, there were resident on the west side of the river, within the present bounds of Medway, the following householders : " George Fairbanks, Sr., George Fairbanks, Jr., Joseph Daniell, Jonathan Adams, William Allen, and Peter Collyr," perhaps John Fussell : in all thirty persons. Of these, Joseph Daniell, Jonathan Adams, William Allen and probably Peter Collyr had their houses burned. As a protection against the attacks of the Indians, there had been built by the residents of " The Farms," some years before, a " stone house" near Boggastow Pond, a place of refuge and defense. To this Rev. Mr. Wilson refers in his letter written to the Gov ernor of the Colony on the evening of that disastrous day, Feb. 21, 1676. He says, "We hope George Fairbanks's pallisade is safe." On the 6th of the following May this, garrison house was savagely attacked by the Indians, but they met with a " notorious repulse." The 2d of the next July, the men of Medfield in turn attacked the Indians, in the woods near the " stone house," and drove them to such a distance from the town that they never again appeared in those parts. From this time the settlements on the west side increased. In 1677, Josiah Rockwood settled on the farm which soon came into the possession of the Lovell family, and was owned by them for the next one hundred years. This, with the Wheeler place, is now known as the Oak Grove Farm. In 1682, George Fairbanks was drowned. In 1693 there were sixteen householders on the west side, as appears by the tax-list, viz. : John Adams, John Ellis, Abraham Harding, John Clark, Jonathan Adams, Sr., Jonathan Adams, Jr., Peter Adams, Josiah Rockett, John Partridge, Jr., John Richardson, John Rockett, Samuel Hill, George Fairbanks, Jona than Fisher, Joseph Daniell, Joseph Daniell, Jr. Stretching out over a large area, and almost divid ing from north to south the present town of Medway, was the Black Swamp, so called from the dark shading its thick, heavy pines gave to the landscape. The laying out of Black Swamp was ordered under date of March, 1702. " Voted, that the Black Swamp shall be laid out with such necks of upland and Hands as shall make it formable by our former Bules of laying out lands." The list of proprietors contains one hun dred and twenty-three names. Of these, twenty- seven were residents of the west side of the river, viz. : Jasper Adams, John Adams, Jonathan Adams, Jonathan Adams, Jr., Peter Adams, Benjamin Allen, William Allen, John Clarke, Theophilus Clark, Tim othy Clark, Ebenezer Daniell, Joseph Daniell, Joseph Daniell, Jr., John Ellis, Sr., George Fairbanks, Jona- MEDWAY. 543 than Fisher, Henry Guernsey, Abraham Harding, Samuel Hill, John Partridge, Samuel Partridge, Widow Bebecca Richardson, John Richardson, John Rockwood, Josiah Rockwood, Vincent Shuttleworth, Ebenezer Thompson. The next succeeding ten years there was consider able growth to the population on the west side of the river, and there prevailed a general desire to have religious privileges nearer at hand, which found ex pression in a petition to the town, May 7, 1712, for building a meeting-house on the west side of the river. This matter was pressed upon the town unsuccessfully, but at length it was made the subject of a petition to the General Court, which, although opposed, met with colonial favor, and the General Court " recommended to the town of Medfield to raise money towards the building another meeting-house on the west side of Charles River." This was opposed by a vote of the town, and March 9, 1713, "voted that the town shall petition the General Court, declaring their inability to build another meeting-house in the town, and to bare the charge attending it." The town voted money to pay " necessary charges that may arise for the printing of said petition, and the town paid to " Mr. Paul Dudley to manage the town case three pounds." The General Court at length sent a committee to look over the ground with reference to the establish ment of a new town west of the river Charles. This committee reported favorably. And Judge Sewall states that on Oct. 24, 1713, he " helped the select men prepare the bill for Medway, the new town on the west of Charles River." The act was passed the next day, Oct. 25, 1713. This Act of Incorpo ration, a yellow and time-stained document, still preserved in the archives of the town of Medway, is as follows : "Anno Regni Annje Reginje duodecim. "An Act for Dividing of the Township of Medfield and erecting a new Town there by the name of Medway. "Whereas the Lands of the Township of Medfield within the County of Suffolk lye situate on Charles River, to wit on both sides of the said River being divided by the same : and the town plat and principal settlement, as also the meeting house for the Public Worship of God, being seated on the Bast side for accommodation of the first and Ancient Inhabitants, who are now much increased, many Issued forth and settled on the West side of the River to a Competent number for a, distinct Town of themselves, and labor under many hardships and Diffi culties by reason of Separation by the River to Enjoy Equal benefit and town privileges with others of their fellow Towns men and neighbors, and have therefore made application to the town as also addressed this Court to be made a distinct Town. Committees appointed by this Court having been upon the Ground, viewed the land and Reported in their favor for proper bounds to be set them. " Be it Enacted by his Excellency the Governour, Council, and Representatives in General Court assembled and by the Authority of the Same : " That all those Lands Lying on the West side of Charles River, now part of the Township of Medfield, be Erected and made into a Distinct and Separate Town by the name of Med way, the River to be the Bound betwixt the Two Towns. And that the Inhabitants of Medway have, use and Exercise and En joy all such power and privileges which other Towns have, So by Law use, exercise & enjoy. So that they procure and Settle a Learned, Orthodox Minister of good Gonversation among 'em and make provision for an Honable support k maintainance for him, and that in Order thereto, they be Discharged from further payment to the Ministry in Medfield from and after the last day of February next. " Provided also that all Province and Town Taxes that are already Levied, or Granted, be Collected and paid, and all town Rights and Common undivided Lands remain to be divided among the interested as if no separation had been made. "And Mr. George Fairbanks, a principal Inhabitant of the said Town of Medway, is hereby Directed and Impowered to Notify and Summon the Inhabitants duly Qualified for Voters to Assemble and meet together for the Choosing of Town Offi cers to stand until the next Annual Election according to Law. " A true Copy — examined. "JsA. Addington, Sec'ry. In the order of incorporations Medway was the sixty-ninth town in the Massachusetts Colony. Tra dition says it derived its name from the locality, being situated meadway or midway, i.e., by the way of or between the meadows. Or midway, it being the half-way stopping-place on the old Post road from Dedham to Mendon. Some have derived the name from Medway River, in England. The following are the names of the forty-eight original founders of the town of Medway, Mass., Oct. 25, 1713: Daniel Adams. Jasper Adams. John Adams. Jonathan Adams. Jonathan Adams, Jr. Joseph Adams. Obadiah Adams. Peter Adams. James Allen. William Allen. John Barber. Joseph Barber. John Bullard. Malachi Bullard. William Burgess. Theophilus Clark. Timothy Clark. Edward Clark. Joseph Curtis. Ebenezer Daniel. Jeremiah Daniel. Joseph Daniel. Joseph Danel, Jr. Samuel Daniel. John Ellis. Joseph Ellis. George Fairbanks. Henry Guernsey. Abraham Harding. Abraham Harding, Jr. John Harding. Thomas Harding. Samuel Hill. Samuel Hill, Jr. Ephraim Hill. Michael Metcalf. Samuel Metcalf. Benoni Partridge. John Partridge. Jonathan Partridge. Samuel Partridge. Daniel Richardson. Jctin Richardson. John Rockwood. Josiah Rockwood. Ebenezer Thompson. Nathaniel Whiting. Nathaniel Wight. 544 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. Topographical. — Medway is bounded on the north by Holliston and Sherborn, on the east by Medfield and Norfolk, on the south by Franklin and Belling ham, and on the west by Milford and Holliston. The Charles River separates it from Medfield, Norfolk, and Franklin, almost entirely on its eastern and southern boundaries. It embraces only about fifteen square miles, although its extreme length south and west is six miles and its extreme breadth northwest and southwest is four miles. There are nearly ten thou sand acres, about one-half being unimproved or pasture land, one-quarter under cultivation, and one-quarter wood and sprout laud. The valuation of land being about three hundred thousand dollars. The town is traversed by nearly a hundred miles of highways, and by railway from east to west in direct connection with Boston. Its topography is peculiar by reason of the meadow-lands, which extend for miles along its eastern border, and traverse midway almost its entire breadth from north to south. These meadows along the river Charles are productive of grass. Those lying along the western border of the Old Grant are known as Black Swamp, and considerably covered with forest trees. The water system of the town is limited ; consist ing of the Charles Biver which flows along the eastern boundary in a very irregular and serpentine course ; Boggastow Brook crossing the northern and easterly coiner of the town, flows into Boggastow Pond, which has its outlet into the Charles Biver ; Chicken Brook, which enters the extreme western part of the town from Holliston, flows through that entire section from the north to the south, and empties into the Charles River ; and Winthrop Pond, which is partly in Medway and partly in Holliston. These waters furnish but limited mill power and at but a few points. The surface of the uplands of the town is level with few hills in the easterly section. While to the south, west, and north the country is uneven and hilly. The most elevated land is a range of hills west of Black Swamp. The soil in many parts of the town is excellent for agriculture. The broad meadows furnish large quantities of hay for the cut ting, and an abundant crop of cranberries for the picking. Medway is well furnished with highways. From east to west the " Old Mendon Road," laid out in 1670, called the " County road," along which Washington rode on his way to Cambridge to take command of the American army in 1775. It is said that Washington, in making this passage through the town, dined at Richardson's Hotel in the East Parish, at the house now standing and the residence of Mrs. Cyrus Ballard. By an act of incorporation, passed March 9, 1804, the Hartford and Dedham Turnpike Corporation came into existence. And there was constructed a turnpike through the town from east to west, called the Hart ford Turnpike. This road was opened to travel in 1807, and a toll-gate established near the " Hammond Place." This point is now marked by the railroad- crossing in East Medway. Tolls were collected for nearly twenty years. The Medford Turnpike was laid out and established as a public highway June 4, 1838, and received the name of Main Street. It is the longest highway in the town, extending from Medfield to Bellingham. The old county road, which is the oldest highway in town, and nearly as long as Main Street, running in the same direction nearer the river, is called Village Street. A movement to secure railroad communication to Boston from Medway took form in a meeting of prominent men in the region, held Nov. 30, 1836, in Medway. In this meeting were Artemas Brown, M.D., Luther Metcalf, Esq., Hon. Warren Lovering, Lyman Adams, and others of Medway. This move ment for a long period was a contest and a struggle. It had a history of almost twenty years, for not until January, 1853, was the puff of an engine and the rumble of a railroad train heard within the precinct of Medway. The first railroad opened to the public was the Medway Branch of the Norfolk County Railroad, January, 1853, having its terminus in Medway Village. This was discontinued in 1864, and the rails removed in the night. The New York and Boston Bailroad, which was an extension of the Charles River Railroad, from Dedham to Woonsocket, was completed and opened to Medway in 1861, and to Woonsocket in 1863, and merged into the Boston, Hartford and Erie Bailroad. Financially this railroad has been a failure ; it is now the Woonsocket Division of the New York and New England Railroad. There are four principal villages in Medway, viz., East, West, Rockville, and Medway Villages. The New York and New England Railroad passes im mediately through three of these so as to furnish easy transportation to Boston, to Providence, and Worcester. Bockville has coach connection with the Southern Division of the New York and New England Railroad at Norfolk Station, so that all parts of the town are well accommodated. The amount of freight and passenger business to and from the three stations in Medway on the New York and New England Railroad for the year ending Jan.v31, 1883, was $41,843.23. Population. — The exact population resident within the territory embraced by the town of Medway at the MEDWAY. 545 date of its incorporation is not stated. The number of householders and voters was 48, which would indicate a population of some 250 or 300 people. By the first census taken and published in 1765 there were 123 houses, 138 families, — males 380, females 388 ; and 17 negroes ; making a total of 785 inhabitants. In 1776 there were 912, in 1790 there were 1035, and in 1800 there were 1050. As reported in the State census of 1875 there were 4242 inhabitants, — males 2066, females 2176 ; na tives of the town 1567; natives of Massachusetts 2931 ; natives of United States 3421 ; foreign-born 742 ; and unknown nationality 79. The number of polls were 1038. The population of the town has hardly increased during the last ten years. The business of the town is largely manufacturing. There are some 500 boot-makers, 150 straw-bonnet makers, 2Q0 farmers, 50 merchants and traders, 12 black smiths, 54 carpenters, 5 physicians, 2 lawyers, and 10 clergymen. In the population of Medway by census of 1875 there were 204 persons who were illiterates ; 31 of these were natives, and 173 foreign-born. 80 of the number could read, but 124 could neither read nor write. About five per cent, of the population is illiterate. Municipal. — The first town-meeting of Medway was held " November ye 23d, 1713 ... to choose town officers to stand untill the next annuall ellection are chosen, which will be in March 17^-f ." After making choice of town clerk, selectmen, and constable, the town " Voted, That John Rockett and Jonathan Adams, Sen., Serg' Samuel Partridge, and Serg' Jonathan Adams and Edward Clark to be a Committee to take care to procure the Meeting house built." " Voted, That Abraham Harding, Senr, John Partridge, and Theophilus Clark to procure and carry in a petition to the town clerk of Medfield in order to the procuring of accommoda tions for the setting of the metting hous upon the place com monly called bare hills, and some conven't acomodations for the ministry near ther abouts." The business of the town for the first forty years of its municipal history was largely in relation to ecclesiastical matters. This feature, however, disap pears from the town records, with the following entry : "March ye 22 Anno Dom. 1U8-9, Received of Dea. John Barber, town treasurer, the sum of four hundred pounds old Term Bills in full satisfaction of my salary the past year, and I do hereby acquit and discharge the said Town of Medway for all debts, dues or demands whatsoever on the account of my yearly salary from the time of my first settling with them in the work of the ministry to the first day of this instant, March, as witness my hand " Nathan Bucksaw." 35 The first road laid out after the incorporation of the town is thus recorded : " June 4, 1715. The select men met at the house of Nathaniel Wight to lay out high wais for the benefit of this Town, and for the Conveniency of travelers to pass from town to town as followeth: begun in the country Rhode that leds to mendon near twenty rods east, from Nat Wight's upon a straight line across part of the plain known by the name of Stony Plain, and cross a swamp place comonly called paradise island, and by the south east side of Ebenezer Thompson's field on to bare hill along at the south west end of the meeting house to the laid out highway through the plain comonly known by the name of hills." For the first thirteen years of their municipal his tory the town was not represented in the Provincial Court. They adhered to their vote taken Dec. 3, 1713, " To send none, accounting ourselves not obliged to send any," until 1726, when they chose as their first representative to the General Court Jon athan Adams. The names of representatives to the Colonial State Legislature from Medway, in the order of their elec tion, are as follows : Jonathan Adams. Edward Clark. Samuel Metcalf. Jeremiah Adams. Jonathan Adams. Eiisha Adams. Moses Adams. Elijah Clark. Joseph Lovell. Moses Richardson. Eliakim Adams. Abner Morse. John Ellis. Jeremiah Daniels. William Felt. Nathaniel Lovell. George Barber, Jr. Seneca Barber. Warren Lovering. Joseph L. Richardson. Paul Daniell. George W. Holbrook. Nathan Jones. Eleazer Daniels. Luther Metcalf. Asa Cole. Willard Daniels. Joel Hunt. Horace Richardson. Horatio Mason. Clark Partridge. Alpheus C. Grant. Albert Irving. Tisdale S. White. William B. Boyd. William H. Temple. William H. Cary. William Daniels. Anson Daniels. Leander S. Daniels. George P. Metcalf. James H. Ellis. Rev. Alexis W. Ide. Edward Eaton. David A. Partridge. Elijah B. Daniels. Joseph W. Thompson. Edward I. Clark. In all forty-eight persons, many of whom were re elected, and several serving a number of years. War ren Lovering, Esq., served seven, Jonathan Adams eleven, and Moses Richardson thirteen years. Still others from two to five years. The names of the town clerks of Medway, from 1713 to 1883, in order of election, are as follows : John Rockett. Edward Clark. Jeremiah Daniell. Ebenezer Daniell. John Barber. . Samuel Harding. ' Jeremiah Adams. Samuel Ellis. Eiisha Adams. Elijah Clark. 546 HISTOBY OF NOBFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. Eiisha Ellis. Timothy Clark. Henry Ellis. Simon Fisher. Theodore Clark. Joseph Lovell. Joseph L. Richardson. Luther Metcalf, Jr. Daniel Wiley. Anson Daniels. Luther Bailey. Daniel C. Fisher. A. N. B. Fuller. George P. Metcalf, Orion A. Mason. The present town clerk, 0. A. Mason, has served twelve ; S. N. B. Fuller, served fourteen ; Edward Clark, eighteen ; Joseph L. Bichardson, nineteen ; Joseph Lovell, twenty ; and Elijah Clark, twenty- four years. Still others served from two to ten years. The number of different persons who have filled this office in the one hundred and seventy years is twenty- five. The names of persons who have served as select men of the town of Medway, from 1713 to 1883, in the order of their election, are as follows : John Rockett. Samuel Partridge. Jonathan Adams. Jonathan Adams, Jr. Edward Clark. Theophilus Clark. Ebenezer Thompson. Nathaniel Wight. Malachi Bullard. John Richardson. Abraham Harding. John Bullard. John Clark. Jasper Adams. Henry Guernsey. John Partridge. Timothy Clark. Michael Metcalf. Jeremiah Daniell. Daniel Adams. Nathaniel Whiting. Ebenezer Daniell. Jeremiah Adams. Samuel Metcalf. Peter Balch. Thomas Harding. Eleazer Adams. Joseph Adams. Samuel Daniell. John Adams. Samuel Harding. Joseph Barber. Daniel Richardson. Benjamin Rockwood. John Barber. Jonathan Partridge. George Doming. John Harding. Hugh Brown. Samuel Ellis. Nathaniel Cutler. Michael Bullen. Henry Morse. Nathaniel Clark. Jonathan Adams. Ephraim Partridge. Samuel Fisher. Eiisha Adams. Malachi Bullard. Henry Daniels. Job Plympton. George Barber. Uriah Morse. Eleazer Adams. Moses Richardson. Elijah Clark. Samuel Hayward. Asa Richardson. Joshua Partridge. Daniel Ide. Amos Turner. Jeremiah Daniels. Eiisha Ellis. Nathan Daniels. Thomas Adams. Thomas Metcalf. Ichabod Hawes. Nathan Whiting. Henry Bullard. James Penniman. Timothy Clark. Asa Daniels. Josiah Fuller. Daniel Bullen. Moses Adams. Eiisha Cutler. Joseph Partridge. Joseph Lovell. Asa Clark. Nathaniel Partridge. Henry Ellis. Simon Fisher. Simon Cutler. Joseph Curtis. John Harding. Moses Thompson. James Morse. Oliver Adams. Isaac Bullard. Moses Richardson. Asa P. Richardson. Simeon Clark. Daniel Pond. Nathaniel Lovell. Eliakim Adams. Abner Morse. Thomas Adams. Simeon Richardson. Abijah Richardson, M.D. Joel Partridge. Oliver Adams. Abner MasoD. Jabez Shumway. Theodore Clark. Nathan Jones. Micah Adams. John Ellis. Amos Turner. Luther Metcalf. Jonathan Adams. AbDer Ellis. Jeremiah Daniell. Thaddeus Lovering. Elijah Partridge. Sylvanus Adams. Jasper Adams. Ralph Bullard. Moses Richardson. William Felt. Seneca Barber. Calvin Cutler. Asa Daniels. Nathaniel Cutler. Lewis Wheeler. Simon H. Mason. Moses Rockwood. Simeon Partridge. Aaron Adams. Paul Daniell. Joseph L. Richardson. Joel Hunt. Moses Felt. Lemuel Clark. Thomas Harding. Eiisha A. Jones. Amos Bullard. Christopher Slocum. Jotham Clark. Sylvanus Adams. Luther Metcalf, Jr. Cephas Thayer. Eleazer Daniels. James Lovering. William Adams. Daniel Wiley. Asa Cole. Joseph Adams. Qrion Mason. George Harding. Newel] Lovering. Nathan Jones. William H. Cary. Eiisha Cutler. Horatio Mason. Milton M. Fisher. Albert Twing. James Mann. Nathan C. Pond. Artemas Brown, M.D. Clark Partridge. Joseph C. Lovering. Elias Metcalf. Arnold Smith. Edward Eaton. James P. Clark. Simeon Fisher. William Adams. Alvin Wight. A. L. Shaw. Joel P. Adams. William Daniels. George W. Ray. James H. Ellis. Wales Kimball. William H. Temple. A. N. B. Fuller. A. S. Harding. Joseph Bullard. Willard P. Clark. David A. Partridge. Henry S. Partridge. Moses C. Adams. Charles F. Daniels. James M. Daniels. William Everett. Edward Fennessy. George B. Thrasher. Elihu S. Fuller. The whole number who have served in the office of selectman is one hundred and eighty-eight persons. Some have served by re-election from two to twenty years. There appears in the record of town expenses for 1734-35, the following : " Paid Mr. Salter, of Borston, for half barrel of pow der, £10 ; for one hundred weight of bulits & one hund. flints, £5 15*. To Edward Clark, for bringing ammunition, £5. To Timothy Clark, for bringing powder and bulits, 3s. 6d." Making a total of £16 3s. Gd. Whereas all other expenditures of the town for \ k MEDWAY. 547 that year, exclusive of the minister's salary, but in cluding £2 which was paid for schools and £7 for the building of a pound, were £12 2s. 13d. In 1730 bears were troublesome in the vicinity of Winthrop Pond. In 1737, Seth Harding was paid one pound for " killing a wild catt." In 1742, nine teen pounds, eleven shillings, and six pence were or dered by the town to be paid for killing eight hun dred and seventeen squirrels and six hundred and eighty-four blackbirds. The last deer killed in the region was in 1747, and the last panther made his appearance in 1790. " The incorporation of the West Precinct by the General Court, Dec. 29, 1748," prepared the way for the organization of the Second Church of Christ in Medway. The first town-meeting held in the West Precinct was in March, 1753. In March, 1770, the town voted that the inhabit ants " will forbear the purchasing of tea and wholly restrain themselves from the use of it, upon which there is a duty laid by the Parliament of Great Brit ain, and also that they will forbear the purchasing of any goods knowingly, directly or indirectly of any im porter . . . until the revenue acts shall be repealed." And a committee was chosen, who recommended to the town " to frown upon all who may endeavor to frustrate the good ' designs of the above vote, and to deem all who may at any time counteract it no better than enemies to our constitution and banes to the Commonwealth." This recommendation was " unanimously" adopted. In December of 1773 the selectmen were instructed to withhold their approbation from " inn-holders and re tailers of strong liquors in this town from all such per sons that shall buy, use, and consume any tea in their homes while subject to duties." In 1774 there were added to the town stock of ammunition " 100 pounds of powder, 200 pounds of bullets, and 200 flints." In September of 1774 the town voted to purchase " two iron field-pieces, for better security and defence." Medway was thoroughly patriotic, as seen in various votes adopted at this period. In the warrant for March meeting in 1776 " His Majesty's name" was omitted for the first time. The town warrant calling a meeting May, 1776, was issued " in the name of the government of the People of Massachusetts." Elijah Clark was representative to the General Court of 1776, and instructed as follows: " If the Honorable Continental Congress shall for the safety of the colo nies declare them independent of Great Britain, then we will support them in the measure with our lives and fortunes." In 1780 the expenditures of the town were £92,909 10s. 3d. in the currency of that period, and in 1781 the town voted to pay those " who marched and served in the late alarm in Rhode Island" the sum of twenty- five pounds per day for service. The tax-list of 1783 fills fourteen manuscript pages on paper eight inches square, contains two hundred and sixteen residents and ninety-eight non-residents ; poll-tax, 2s. Gd. The largest real estate tax-payers were Asa P. Richardson, £1 2s. 9d. ; Capt. Joseph Lovell, £1 3s. Sd. ; and Nathaniel Lovell, £1 Sd. The warrant for 1794 defines the qualifications for voting for State officers to be, a residence within the State one year, age twenty-one years, and an estate of sixty pounds, or an estate yielding an annual in come of three pounds ; and for town officers the pay ment of a tax, besides a poll-tax, equal to two-thirds of the poll-tax. In 1795 Federal money came into use, and the town expenditures recorded in dollars, cents, and mills for the first time. This year the town ordered guide-posts to be set up. The Hartford Turnpike was built and opened for public travel in 1807, but became a public way June 4, 1838, after a corporate existence of thirty years. In 1805, Ezekiel Plymp ton petitioned the town to grant liberty to owners of land to set out and cultivate various kinds of trees along the highways against their premises, which petition the town voted to dismiss. Mr. Plympton was a hundred years ahead of his generation. In 1814 the town voted not to send a representa tive to the Legislature " by reason of the town being at great expense for building Meeting-houses, and also an additional number of poor thrown upon the town." In 1815 two additional tithingmen were chosen, making the number four for that year, and the follow ing vote was passed : " Whereas, The profanation of the Lord's Day by many inconsiderate persons has become notorious, and is incompatible with a due regard to the Christian Sabbath, ... it being the ardent wish of this town that the tithingmen should use their vigilant exertions in order to put a stop to all unnecessary traveling on the Sabbath, and in all things cause the laws for the due observance of the Lord's Day to be duly executed according to the tenor and intent of their solemn oath." Tithingmen ceased to be chosen in 1845, Samuel Force and Anson F. White being the last incumbents of that office. In 1818 voted to hold town-meetings two out of every three years in East Parish, and one year in West Parish. In 1823 voted to alternate 548 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. town-meetings between East and West Parishes. In 1843 voted to hold town-meetings every third year in the Village, which plan is still followed. In 1831 the day of State election was changed to November. In 1867 the town gave names to its public streets. Ecclesiastical. — The early inhabitants of the ter ritory within the present town of Medway were fur nished religious as well as municipal privileges in Medfield of which they were a part. For a period of fifty years their ecclesiastical connections were with the old First Church of Christ in Medfield, of which Rev. John Wilson, Jr., was pastor from 1651 to 1691. As the population increased on the west side of the river Charles, in consideration of the long distance to public worship, there was awakened a strong and general desire to have a meeting-house, and Christian privileges among themselves. This found frequent expression, and the refusal of the town of Medfield to subject themselves to the expense of building a second meeting-house, and of the support of the Gospel on the west side of the Charles River led the inhabitants of that part of the town to determine on and ask the General Court for the establishment of a new town. It was, as they expressed it, " that they and their posterity might more conveniently enjoy Gospel privileges" that the new town of Medway was incorporated, Oct. 25, 1713. For a period of the first forty years much of the business transacted in town- meetings had to do with the matters of the church and the ministry. The First Church of Christ in Medway was organ ized Oct. 7, 1714, by the establishment of public worship on the west side of the river Charles. This first service was held " at the house of peter Adams." The first meeting-house was erected on Bare Hill, and probably dedicated Nov. 20, 1715, the day that Eev. David Deming was ordained the first pastor. The First Church of Christ. — For the larger part of the period of one hundred and seventy years this has been the only church in the East Parish of the town. It now occupies its fourth meeting-house, and has its ninth pastor. Its pastors have been Rev. David Deming, 1715-22 ; Nathan Bucknam, 1724-95 ; Bev. Benjamin Green (colleague), 1788-93 ; Bev. Luther Wright, 1798-1815 ; Bev. Luther Bailey, 1816-35 ; Bev. Sewall Harding, 1837-51 ; Bev. John 0. Means, D.D., 1851-55 ; Rev. Jacob Roberts, 1856-71 ; Rev. E. 0. Jameson, 1871, the present pastor. The Second Church of Christ was organized in the West Precinct or New Grant Oct. 4, 1750. The pastors have been Rev. David Thurston, 1752-69; Rev. David Sanford, 1773-1810 ; Rev. Jacob Ide, D.D., 1814-65; Rev. Stephen Knowlton, 1865-72 ; Rev. S. W. Segur, 1873-75 ; Rev. James M. Bell, 1876, the present pastor. The First Baptist Church was constituted Nov. 15, 1832, in West Parish or New Grant. The pastors have been Rev. William Bowen, 1833-35 ; Rev. Aaron Haynes, 1836-40 ;' Rev. David Curtis, 1843- 45 ; Rev. Abner Mason, 1845-47 ; Rev. E. C. Mes, senger, 1849-66; Rev. Samuel Brooks, 1866-69; Rev. S. J. Axtell, 1870-78; Rev. John E. Burr, 1878-83 ; Rev. Benjamin R. Dow, 1884, the present pastor. The Third Congregational Church was organized Dec. 7, 1836. The pastor was Rev. Luther Bailey, who, after several years of ministration, retired, and the organization became at length entirely extinct. The Evangelical Congregational Church, of Medway Village, was organized Sept. 7, 1838. The pastors have been Bev. David Sanford, 1838-71- Rev. R. K. Harlow, 1872, the present pastor. The First Methodist Episcopal Church was or ganized July 19, 1857, in West Parish, or New Grant. The pastors have been Rev. William Jackson, 1857- 58; Rev. M. Tilton, 1859; Rev. Joseph Higgins, 1860-61; Rev. George Whitaker, 1861-63; Rev. T. C. Potter, 1863-65; Rev. C. W. Wilder, 1866"; Rev. M. Thayer, 1866 ; Rev. W. A. Nottage, 1867- 68; Rev. W. P. Ray, 1868-71'; Rev. William Mer rill, 1871-73; Rev. J. R. Cushing, 1873-74; Bev. L. Crowell, 1874-77 ; Rev. D. N. Richardson, 1877- 79; Rev. J. C. Smith, 1879-82; Rev. W.M. Hub bard, 1882, the present pastor. St. Clair's Roman Catholic Church was organized in 1864 at Medway Village. Rev. J. P. Quinlan, pastor. The Saint Clement's Church was established June, 1865, in the East Parish. The rectors have been Rev. Benjamin F. Cooley, 1865-69 ; Rev. Charles Kelly, 1870-71. Their church building was burned Feb. 5, 1871, and was not rebuilt. A new church edifice of stone was erected in 1874-80 in Medway Village, called Christ's Church. It was opened for divine service on Christmas evening, 1881, by Rev. John S. Beers, Mission ary-at-large in the Diocese of Massachusetts. Jan. 8, 1882, Bev. Sam uel Edwards became officiating missionary under the Diocesan Board of Missions, which position he still filled in 1884. Rockville Chapel was erected in 1876. For many years the First Church of Medway had main- tained a Sabbath-school in the village of Bockvillej and in 1876 a convenient chapel was erected at the expense of sixteen hundred dollars. In this chapel a Sunday-school meets weekly, and public worship is MEDWAY. 549 held regularly by the pastor of the First Church once a month, and occasionally by other clergymen. The town of Medway is abundantly provided with churches and religious institutions, which are well supported and prosperous. Educational. — In 1678 George Fairbanks, Jr., gave one shilling and one bushel of Indian corn and Joseph Daniell gave two shillings sixpence and two bushels of corn as a contribution towards the " new college in Cambridge." This was the first expression of interest in "higher education" made in the town of Medway. The first appropriation of money on record for edu cating the children within the territory of the present town of Medway was that made when the town of Medfield voted Oct. 28, 1697, "fifty shillings for schooling children on the west side of Charles River." The first school-teacher contracted with appears in the following entry upon the record of Medfield, May 4, 1699 : " The selectmen agreed with Sergt. Joseph Daniell to take care for the schooling children on the west side of Charles Biver." The first school-room was ordered Sept. 13, 1704, when the town of Medfield voted, " The inhabitants of the west side to provide a convenient room for a school this year for such time as shall be needfull." The first payments made to teachers as recorded were: Feb. 21, 1700, " payd unto peter adams for his wive's Keeping school on that side of the River, it being the full of his Du, 2-9-11." Mrs. Adams was at this time the mother of seven children. March 19, 1700, " payd to Sergt. Joseph Daniel for Keep ing a school the year 99 he Dischargin the Town 3 want. 6d." March 29, 1710, " Paid to John Part ridge, Sen., for Keeping School on the west side of Charles River one month 1-12-0." Upon the records of Medway under date of May 13, 1717, it is found that the town " granted four pounds of money to be raised as and put into the minister's rate for to build a pound and keepascool." The next year two pounds were voted, thirty shillings for a writing school, and ten shillings for a school at " ye bent of ye river." Ruth Harding received nine shillings and eight pence, and widow Partridge six shillings and four pence for teaching. In 1726 the town appropriated ten pounds to be divided for the support of the schools in different parts of the town. In March, 1737, the town of Medway voted to build three school-houses, one in East Parish, one at the Bent, and one in the New Grant. In 1745 the town granted forty-five pounds to be distributed in different sums to support six schools. The wages of teachers at this period may be inferred from the record that Samuel Harding was paid three pounds for keeping school seven weeks. In 1760 five schools were maintained, viz., East Parish, Bent, Neck, New Grant, North New Grant : and in 1769 a school on the county line, No. 6, was added. Until 1805 the selectmen had the supervision of the schools, but that year the limits of the different dis tricts were fixed, and the first school committee chosen, who were Abijah Bichardson, M.D., John Ellis, Ezekiel Plympton, Philo Sanford, and Calvin Cutler. The names of persons who have served on the school committee in order of their election, from 1805 to 1884, are as follows : Abijah Richardson, M.D. John Ellis. Ezekiel Plympton. Philo Sanford. Calvin Cutler. Nathan Jones. Amos Turner. Aaron Adams. Rev. David Sanford. Rev. Luther Wright. William Green. Eliakim Adams. Joseph Lovell. Lemuel Daniels. Abner Morse. Theodore Clark. Timothy Whiting, Jeremiah Daniels. Seneca Barber. Asa Daniels. Lyman Tiffany. Thaddeus Lovering. Sylvanus Adams. Luther Metcalf. Aaron Rockwood. Joseph L. Richardson. Elihu Partridge. John Harding. Rev. Jacob Ide. Ralph Bullard. Timothy Hammond. Reuben Hill. Joel Hunt. Rev. Luther Bailey. Sabin Daniels. Aaron Adams. Dr. Oliver Dean. Christopher Slocum. Moses Felt. Eleazer Daniels. Eiisha A. Jones. Calvin Cutler. William Felt. Isaac Kibbe. Sewall Sanford. Ezra Richardson. Luther Metcalf, Jr. Lemuel Clark. James Lovering. Jasper Daniels. Nathan Grant. Joel Partridge; Silas Richardson. Moses Harding. John Bullard. Amos Bullard. Ralph Mann. Amos Cutler. Aaron W. Wright. Lowell Bullen. Warren Lovering, Esq. Royal Southwick. A. L. B. Monroe, M.D. Abijah R. Wheeler. Charles S. Cheever. Artemas Brown, M.D. Timothy Walker. Rev. A. Haynes. A. G. Cheever. Wales Kimball. Rev. Sewall Harding. Daniel Wiley. Rev. David Sanford. Anson Daniels. Milton M. Fisher. Rev. John O. Means. Rev. C. C. Messenger. George L. Cary. Andrew Washburn. Rev. Alexis W. Ide. Asa Hixon. Willard P. Clark. Rev. Jacob Roberts. Charles H. Deans, Esq. Rev. Samuel Brooks. H. D. Brown, M.D. John S. Walker. O. A. Mason. Elias T. Fisher. Lyman Adams, Jr. William A. Jenkes. Elbridge Smith. Rev. Seth J. Axtell. Marcellus A. Woodward. Henry W. Daniels. Rev. E. O. Jameson. 550 HISTOBY OF NOBFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. Aaron Brigham. J. Warren Clark. Waldo B. Hixon. Charles F. Daniels. Charles A. Bigelow. Edmund A. Clark. E. A. Daniels, M.D. Rev. E. N. Hidden. Frederic Swarman. George E. Sanderson. Elijah B. Daniels. Charles A. Bemis, M.D. George B. Towle, A.M. Dr. John S. Falsom. George E. Pond. Charles C. Lawrence. George W. Follansbee. Charles S. Philbrick. Henry S. Partridge. The whole number being one hundred and six teen persons. Among these who have served a long series of years were Bev. David Sanford, twenty-two years ; Rev. Luther Bailey, twenty-four years ; Deacon Anson Daniels, twenty-eight years (and still in office) ; Rev. Jacob Ide, D.D., thirty years. The earliest record of a district-school meeting is that of No. 1 District, Feb. 1 1, 1801. The appropri ation of money by the town for schools that year was four hundred dollars. At this district^school meeting it was voted " to have one month's man school" and " to have four months' woman school." The text-books used in school at the beginning of the century were Pike's Arithmetic, Morse's Geogra phy (with maps), and the American Preceptor. Pen manship received much attention, and the art of making and mending a quill pen was a great accom plishment and a necessary qualification for teaching. In 1816 the village District, No. 7, was formed and a school-house built. In 1873 school-house No. 9 was erected. In 1830 the first High School was set up in Med way. It was taught at the village first by Abijah R. Baker, from Franklin, Mass., a graduate of that year from Amherst College. This school was successful and popular for several terms, but was superseded by select and private schools taught at intervals and in different parts of the town. Among the teachers were George P. Smith, after wards a clergyman in Worcester, and Samuel J. Spaulding, afterwards Bev. Dr. Spaulding, of New buryport, Mass. In 1831-32, Mr. Daniel Forbes, of Dedham, taught a similar school in the West Parish, and Mr. Daniel J. Poor in 1838. The higher academic studies were pursued in these schools. In 1851 the town conformed to the law of the State and established a high school, which has been maintained ever since at the expense of the town. In 1869 the district system was abolished and the school committee increased to nine members. The high school, from 1851 to 1855, was rotary : one term yearly at each of the three villages; then from 1855 to 1879 it was distributed into three high and grammar schools, one in each village, but in 1879 the Medway High School became per manently located in Medway Village, pupils being transported at the expense of the town. This school for two years has been under the charge of George H. Bockwood, A.M., as principal, with a lady assistant Miss Sarah E. Haskell. There is a large attendance and the school takes high rank for the facilities it affords for pursuing Higher English and Classical studies. In 1883 a class of thirteen graduated, some of whom entered the best New England colleges without condition. St. Clement's school was established, in 1868, in connection with the St. Clement's Church in the East Parish. This school was for the education of boys. It had a history of a few terms of marked prosperity, but in 1870, the buildings being burned, it was dis continued. The town of Medway has advanced in its appropri ations for schools from four pounds, " for building a pound and teaching a scool," or two pounds for schooling the children in 1717, to some nine thousand dollars for schools and school incidentals in 1883. Instead of one school and one teacher, there are eighteen schools, with twenty teachers, including a High School not surpassed in this region, and graded schools of a high order. The town provides liberally : books, supplies, and everything to equip and run her public schools with success. In 1883 the town adopted the plan of providing school-books free of expense to all the pupils except those in the High School. The school board consists of nine members, the superintendence, employment of teachers, and gen eral management of the schools being in charge of a sub-committee. The educational facilities of the town are supple mented by two public libraries: the East Medway Circulating Library and the Dean Public Library. The Dean Library Association was incorporated March 3, 1860. By the munificence of the late Dr. Dean they have a capital of about five thou sand dollars, the income of which goes to support the Dean Public Library, which has some t.wenty-five hundred volumes. This library is accommodated with a convenient room in Sanford Hall. Sanford Hall was erected, 1872, at a cost of about sixteen thousand dollars, in Medway Village. It was dedicated Dec. 31, 1872, by appropriate services, and named for the largest donor to its building' fund, Milton A. Sanford, Esq., of New York, but a native of Medway. Theodore W. Fisher, M.D., of Boston, son of Hon. M. M. Fisher, of Medway, gave an historical address on the occasion, and Bev. B. K. Harlow made the MEDWAY. 551 address of dedication. The lower story of the building is occupied by stores and the Dean Public Library. The second story is devoted to a public hall, with convenient anterooms. The third story is devoted to several smaller halls used for various pur- Partridge Hall was erected in 1876, in East Med way, by the enterprise of one of the active citizens of the place, whose name it bears. Numerous organizations in the town, such as fire- companies, Lodges of Masons and Odd-Fellows, East Medway Improvement Society, and Patrons of Indus try, co-operate to render the population intelligent, social, and thriving. Industrial. — Medway has always been somewhat largely an agricultural town, farming being the occu pation of the people outside of the village centres. The small water-power within the limits of the town has been utilized, and in later years supplemented with steam. A variety of manufactures have been produced. Hardly had a settlement on the west side of the river Charles been commenced, when we find the town of Medfield making a grant in 1659 to Robert Hinsdell of " forty-six acres lying on the other side of Boggastow Brook," in payment for " the bell" with which he had provided the town for their church. And very soon, 1663, Boggastow mill-dam is mentioned, and in 1665, Bobert Hinsdell's mill was a fact. This first mill was doubtless for grinding corn. Mr. Hinsdell sold it in 1669 to Peter Woodward, and it was burned by the Indians some time prior to 1676, but probably rebuilt, as Hinsdell's mill is mentioned in 1677. In 1680, Medfield voted to grant fifty acres of land to encourage the building of a mill on Charles Biver, and to exempt the mill from taxes for seven years. This proposal was ac cepted, and the first mill at the Bent, now Bockville, was built by the following owners : John Metcalf, Sr., John Partridge, Sr., Samuel Morse, Edward Adams, Joseph Allen, John Metcalf, Jr., Nathaniel Allen, George Barber, Ephraim Wight, Samuel Barber, John Plympton, and Benjamin Wheelock. This mill was burned prior to 1685, and " Gamaliel Hinsdell was appointed by the selectmen to prosecute John Sunchamaug, an Indian, upon sus picion of firing the new mill." How soon this mill was rebuilt is not known. But Feb. 7, 1687, the town granted to Joseph Daniell " the stream of Bog gastow Brook, so far as it shall be needful to the ad vantage of his mill, and not damage the proprietors on said brook, provided he maintains a good mill on said stream, for the supply of the town." The fol lowing year they gave him leave " to land a dam on the common land on the brook," and " to flow the common land so far as shall be convenient for a mill at all times forever." Joseph Daniell had become the proprietor of the old mill site, " the place where Peter Woodward's stood," for he gave it to his son in 1693. This mill site is thus described : " The land where the old mill stood being two acres more or less, a highway to pass through the same." This was the site of the Hinsdell mill which was burned by the Indians. In later times it was known as Bullard's mill, afterwards as Fisher's mill, then as Partridge's mill, and was at last purchased by M. H. Collins, Esq., and removed to make way for straight ening the highway, so that the road now passes over the spot first selected for the erection of a mill by Bobert Hinsdell, on the west side of the Charles. At just what date the mill further up the Boggestow Brook, known as Daniell's mill, was built is not known. But Joseph Daniell, Jr., built a saw-mill there, and the property was held in the Daniel's name until re cent date, although no mill has been there for some years, the last Daniels proprietor being Cyrus Dan iels, whose grandfather, Moses Daniels, was drowned in 1800 in the flume while shutting the gate. The mills on the Charles Biver were as follows : one near where the mill of George Barber and others was built, known as the Bichardson and Ellis' mill, not far from the site of the present factories in Bockville ; Whiting's mill, near Medway Village not far from the New Sanford Mill. There were Cutler's mill on Chicken Brook, on the road to Holliston, and another mill on the same stream near its junction with the Charles River, a site occupied in later times by Campbell's paper-factory. Among the earliest cotton-mills in the State was the " Medway Cotton Manufactory," located upon the site of the old saw- and grist-mill, erected by Nathaniel Whiting on the Charles River, at a point near Med way Village. It appears that Luther Metcalf, Sr., Philo Sanford, Abijah Richardson, William Felt, Comfort Walker, Nathaniel Miller, and John Blackburn entered into a formal agreement, May 14, 1805, as associates "for the purpose of carding and spinning and manufac turing cotton in all its various branches." John Black burn was a practical manufacturer, having been in the employ of Samuel Slater, who was the founder of cotton-mills in this country. The first mill erected was sixty by thirty feet, two stories high. It was completed and went into operation in March, 1807, with machinery to operate eight hundred and twenty spindles. The exact date of the introduction of looms for weaving in this mill is unknown. These associated manufacturers of cotton added Lyman 552 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. Tiffany to their number, and were incorporated by the General Court as the Medway Cotton Manufactory, by a special charter approved March 4, 1809. On Sunday, Oct. 20, 1811, this mill was destroyed by fire. It was rebuilt and running by the close of that year. The new mill erected stood for seventy years. The corporation had for its agent and treasurer Lyman Tiffany from 1809 to 1819, when Dr. Oliver Dean was elected, and served seven years, until 1826. Dr. Dean was succeeded by Luther Metcalf, Jr., who held the position thirty-eight years, until the corporation dissolved, which occurred after the sale of the property in 1864. Soon after it was purchased by William A. Jenckes, of Woonsocket, and for fifteen years operated in the manufacture of flax, under the name of Med way Flax Company. Aug. 10, 1881, the property was conveyed by Mr. Jenckes to the Sanford Mill Corpo ration for fifteen thousand dollars. The old mill was sold at auction Aug. 17, 1881, for one dollar and fifty cents, to be removed in ten days. The site is now occupied by a substantial brick building for the manufacture of fine woolen fabrics. It is called the Sanford New Mill. In 1837 there were running two thousand four hun dred spindles, and the production of cotton goods was nearly a half-million of yards, valued at about fifty thousand dollars. The production of woolen goods was some seventy-six thousand yards, valued at seventy-two thousand dollars. There were at that date also man ufactured cotton wadding and cotton batting to some extent. From the cotton-mill of Medway, it is said, " grad uated many of the men who were to lay the founda tions of Lowell, Manchester, and other manufacturing places, and build for themselves colossal fortunes." The manufacture of boots and shoes has been for more than fifty years the prominent business of the town. In 1837 this industry employed about three hundred persons, the production that year being forty thousand pairs of boots and about a hundred thousand pairs of shoes, valued at nearly one hundred and fifty thousand dollars. The manufacture of boots has largely superseded that of shoes, and' the business now gives employment to four hundred persons, and the annual production exceeds a million of dollars. The straw braid and bonnet industry commenced in Medway about the year 1800. The braiding of straw was carried on in families and exchanged at the stores for goods. About 1810, Capt. William Felt commenced to manufacture it into bonnets. In 1830 the weaving of imported straw was introduced. In 1840, Hon. M. M. Fisher established straw goods manufacturing, which has continued in operation and has been an important industry of the town. In 1837 there were manufactured more than thirty thousand straw bonnets, valued at forty thousand dol lars. The value of straw goods manufactured in 1874 was nearly two hundred thousand dollars. There have been and are various other industrial interests in the town. One of the oldest church- bell foundries in the country was established in East Medway in 1815, by Maj. George Holbrook, and for many years Holbrook's bells from thousands of church steeples from Maine to Texas have summoned the people to worship. In the same part of Medway, clocks, church organs, and organ pipes have been manufactured for some years. Messrs. Ware, organ- pipe manufacturers, made the pipes for the great organ in the Colliseum building, Boston, at the time of the Jubilee. E. L. Holbrook, Esq., still carries on the man ufacture of church organs of a very superior quality, being himself a practical musician of rare gifts. There are several corn-canning establishments; one of the largest is that of the late James La Croix, Esq. There are manufactured awls, boxes, mallets, monu ments, paper wrapping, bricks, and other products to a considerable extent. Military. — The Revolutionary Period. — The town of Medway as early as 1765 expressed anxiety and the spirit of patriotic resistance of British oppres sion by giving instructions to her representative, Eiisha Adams, of that year, and by various acts in the next ten ensuing years declarative of her full sympathy with the colonists in their opposition to the encroachments on the liberties of the people. In January, 1775, the town voted thirty pounds "to encourage the enlisting of a number of able-bodied men to the number of one-quarter of the military soldiers to complete and hold themselves in' readiness to march at the shortest notice." These were called " minute-men." The following names appear as those who had en dured sufferings and hardships in the Continental service of 1776-77 : Lieut. Joshua Gould. Joshua Bullard. Joseph Clark. Jonas Brick. Jedediah Phillips. David Hagur. Simpson Jones. Joel Morse. Jonathan Graves. John Hill. Jotham Ellis. John Barber. Seth Mann. Jesse Richardson. Paul Holbrook. Joshua Morse. Abial Pratt. Ichabod Hawes, Jr. Samuel Partridge. James Barber. John Allen. A full list of those who served in the army of the Bevolution from the town of Medway cannot be given, MEDWAY. 553 but she did her full share in creating a patriotic senti ment, in fighting the battles, and in enduring the hard ships of the Revolutionary period. The War of 1812. — Medway furnished soldiers to vindicate the national rights and resist British encroachments. The War of the Union. — In the late war the record of Medway will compare favorably with that of any town in the old Bay State, both in furnishing men, money, and in works of beneficence to relieve the sufferings of sick and disabled soldiers. The town took action as early as 1862 to have prepared a care ful record of her soldiers. This action antedated by nearly a year that of the Commonwealth, and it may have been the first action of the kind taken within the State. As a result, the town of Medway has a brief biographical sketch of all her Union soldiers. The whole number of soldiers sent into the field under the various calls of the President was three hun dred and eighty-four. The whole number of different men sent was three hundred and sixty-nine. The following are the names of two hundred and fifty-eight Union soldiers, residents of Medway, who served in the war of the Union, 1861-65 : Milton S. Adams. Sidney W. Allen. Daniel Ackley. Stephen P. Adams. George W. Adams. William Adams. Erastus Adams. Charles A. Adams. Calvin Adams. Eliakim A. J. Adams. George H. Allen. William 0. Andrews. George H. Andrews. Alfred Ashton. Albert A. Ballou. George W. Bancroft. Newell Barber. George W. Ballou. Adin P. Blake. George F. Browne. Henry W. Brown, M.D. Aaron Browne. Robert W. Brown. Edmund M. Bullen. Albert E. Bullard. Lewis Buffum. George W. Bullard. Joel P. Bullard. Charles E. Burr. John W. Cass. Charles E. Sarey. Alfred A. Carey. Samuel B. Carey. John Carr. Timothy Coughlin. Charles H. Cole. D. Frank Covell. John Coad. Albert H. Clark. David A. Clark. Edmund Clark. Lieut. Charles Clark. James Warren Clark. Sewall J. Clark. Albert L. Clark. Warren A. Clark. Asa Clark. Charles S. Clark. Joseph C. Clifford. William Hiram Chaoe. Alex. Metcalf Cushing. Charles E. Cummings. Frederick F. Clark. William B. Clark. Alfred Clifford. William D. Daniels. William A. Daniels. Charles H. Daniels. Henry J. Daniels. Henry R. Dain. Alonzo M. Dain. Davis S. Darling. Jesse Darling. Edwin S. Davis. Francis T. Dodge. Charles M. Disper. Alonzo Dunton. Shubael E. Dunbar. William H. Dunbar. Amos A. Dugan. Charles H. Everett. George B. Everett. John M. Fales. Albert F. Fales. James E. Fales. Frank L. Fisher. George H. Fisher. Lewis L. Fisher. Willard P. Fisher. Theodore W. Fisher, M.D. Emmons Force. SilaB Force. Julius A. Fitts. Thomas Flaherty. James Blake Flaherty. Charles F. Fuller. Amos L. Fuller. George A. Fuller. Miohael Fitzgerald. James Fitzgerald. George Edmund Fuller. James A. Gale, M.D. James M. Grant. Frank S. Grant. Edwin A. Grant. Harrison G. 0. Grant. George 0. Grant. John Gormly. Charles A. Grant. Isaac C. Greenwood. John T. Greenwood. George E. Greenwood. George II. Greenwood. Joseph A. Greenwood. John Glancy. John P. Green. Patrick Gallagher. Charles Grant. Peter Harrington. Thomas J. Harrington. Edward P. Hart. William Hawes. William C. Hawes. John Harney. Addison T. Hastings. George B. Hardy. Michael Hart. Daniel Hammond. John Henry. James H. Heaton. Edmund W. Hill. Alonzo Hixon. Moses Hill. John Higgins. George H. Hixon. Egbert Oswell Hixon. Edward Hogan. Albert C. Houghton. Alvin W. Houghton. Dennis Hosmer. Edwin H. Hosmer. John G. Hosmer. Edwin H. Holbrook. George H. Ide. Edmund A. Jones. Charles C. Kimball. Frank W. Kimball. George H. Kingsbury. Charles G. Kingsbury. Frank Kaney. Horatio T. Leonard. James E. Lawrence. William Lilley. Albert W. Mann. Frank V. Mann. James B. May. Edward A. May. George W. Mahr. William M. Martin. Peter Mann. Charles Magorty. Thomas H. Matthews. William E. Merritt. Lewis L. Miller. James Mitchell. James S. Mitchell. Milton H. Morse. Amos B. Morse. Robert T. Moree. Frederio D. Morse. Eleazer Morse. Alex. L. B. Monroe, M.D. F. L. B. Monroe, M.D. Daniel Mundon. James McCowen. Gilbert McCullom. Daniel McAlwey. James McLaughlin. Richard B. McElroy. George L. Meyer. William D. Newland. George G. Nourse. John Nolan. William A. Nolan. John Nolan, Jr. Michael O'Donnell. John O'Hara. William R. Parsons. David A. Partridge. Warren J. Partridge. William S. Partridge. George V. Partridge. George E. Pettis. William H. Pettis. George Otis Pond. Edwin C. Pond. Edwin D. Pond. George E. Pond. Oscar A. Pond. Elmer H. Pond. Jonathan Pitcher. Ezra Pierson. John A. Pierce. Asa D. Prescott. Franklin Proctor. Stephen F. Purdy. Martin W. Phipps. George H. Read. Benjamin F. Remick. Timothy Reardon. Patrick Regan. Addison W. Richardson. 554 HISTOBY OF NOBFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. Henry S. Richardson. Henry H. Rich. Emory Richardson. George S. Rice. James G. Richards. Thomas Rollins. Henry M. Rockwood. Brougham Roberts. Michael Slaven. Chandler W. Sanders. George S. Sandford. John Scott. Michael Schofield. George F. Simpson. William Smith. Edmond J. Smith. John F. Stratton. George Herbert Stratton. Henry L. Snell. Herman S. Sparrow. Phillip 0. Sparrow. Frederic Swarman. John H. Swarman. Lewis A. Treen. John S. Treen. William H. Turner. Lucius M. Turner. William H. Thomas. Benjamin C. Tinkham. Charles H. Torrey. John Tevlin. Jeremiah Vose. Albert Vallet. Albert L. Vallet. John H. Vallet. George C. Webber. J. Welch, alias J. Blake. George H. Williams. Allen T. Williams. Horace J. Wilmarth. John Willey. Charles E. Williams. Albert H. Wiley. Charles Whitney. Henry Wheat. Alfred C. Wheat. James Whitcomb. Charles E. Whitney. George W. Whitney. Lewis Wheeler. Henry A. Wood. Daniel S. Woodman. Emory Wood. Samuel P. White. Robert 0. Young. Orson D. Young. Miscellaneous. — There are four Post-offices in Medway. The first Post-office was established in Medway village in the spring of 1803. Capt. Wil liam Felt was appointed the first Postmaster. His first quarterly return was made July 1, 1803, Gideon Granger being Postmaster-General. The office was kept in Capt. Felt's store, which stood near the pres ent residence of Mrs. Hathon. The mail was carried by a post-rider, who went over the route once a week. The postage was from six to twenty-five cents per let ter, according to the distance carried. At this date there were less than thirteen hundred post-offices in the whole country. The successors of Capt. William Felt, as postmasters in this office, have been Warren Lovering, Esq., Sewall Sanford, James B. Wilson, Clark Partridge, Samuel W. Metcalf, Collins Hathon, 0. A. Mason, and, since 1864, H. E. Mason, the pres ent incumbent. The office has been kept in Sanford Hall since 1873. The second post-office was established in East Med way March 17, 1819. Timothy Hammond, Esq., was appointed the first Postmaster, and the office was kept in the house of Adam Bullard, late residence of James La Croix, Esq. The successors of Timothy Hammond, Esq., have been Nathan Jones, George Holbrook, Deacon Milton Daniels, Mrs. Mariam Daniels, and George B. Fisher, who was appointed in 1877, and is the present incumbent. The office has been in Partridge Hall since 1876. The third post-office was established Sept. 19, 1834, in West Medway. The first Postmaster in this office was Olney Foristall, and the office was kept in the house, then a hotel, but now the residence of James Coombs, Esq. Mr. Foristall has been succeeded by Simeon Fuller, Deacon Daniel Wiley, Levi P. Col burn, Stephen Partridge, Jason Smith, Gilbert Nourse, John Cushing, Lewis Clark, J. N. Tourtellotte, Mrs. Mary A. Tourtellotte, and Vincent Moses, the present incumbent. The fourth post-office in Medway was established Feb. 23, 1838, in Rockville. Deacon Timothy Walker was appointed the first Postmaster. His successors have been Eliab B. Blake, John S. Walker, Erastus H. Tyler, and Frederic Swarman, the present incumbent. The following persons have received appointment to the office of Justice of the Peace by the Governor and Council, in the order in which their names occur. The first received appointment in 1736 : Edward Clark. Elijah Clark. Jonathan Adams. Abijah Richardson, M.D. Joseph Lovell. Eliakim Adams. Aaron Adams. John Ellis, Jr. Abner Morse. John Richardson. Timothy Hammond. Amos Turner. Joseph L. Richardson. William Felt. Thaddeus Lovering. Luther Metcalf. Warren Lovering. Levi Adams. Luther Metcalf, Jr. Christopher Sloeum. James Lovering. Joseph Adams. Nathan Jones. Joel Hunt. Artemas Brown. Eiisha Cutler. John P. Jones. Horatio Mason. Milton M. Fisher. Seneca Barber. Clark Partridge. Charles H. Fitts. William B. Boyd. William H. Cary. Asa M. B. Fuller. Alpheus C. Grant. Austin S. Cushman. John S. Smith. James P. Clark. Charles H. Deans. Wales Kimball. Abram S. Harding. Charles B. Whitney. W. H. Temple. William Daniels. Amos H. Boyd. Willard P. Clark. Addison P. Thayer. Edward Eaton. Marcellus A. Woodward. George P. Metcalf. Alexander Fairbanks. Joel E. Hunt. Orion A. Mason. Erastus H. Tyler. Israel P. Quimby. David A. Partridge. James H. Ellis. Frederick L. Fisher. Of the above, John Ellis, Jr., was Associate Justice of the County Court of Sessions. Joseph L. Richardson and Luther Metcalf, Jr., were Justices of the Quorum ; Warren Lovering and Milton M. Fisher were Justices of the Peace and Quorum for the whole State ; Asa M. B. Fuller and Charles H. Deans were Trial Justices; and Milton M. Fisher was Notary Public. Joseph Ware was appointed Coroner in 1794. His .;*!;¦ Enq. ;v A.tCn'&Tas MEDWAY. 555 successors have been Balph Bullard, Zachariah Lovell, and Valentine Coombs. In 1877 Charles A. Bemis, M.D., was appointed Medical Examiner. Cemeteries, 1700-1884— The town of Medfield, March 4, 1700, " voted that the inhabitants on the west side of Charles Biver shall have two acres of land for a burying-place whare they and a committee chosen by the selectmen for that end shall order it in any of the Town commons there." It does not ap pear that this ground was laid out until Medway was incorporated, but burials were made in the Medfield burying-ground and in that of the south part of Sher born. We find, however, that at a meeting of the legal voters of the town of Medway, held Oct. 29, 1714, at the house of Pete* Adams, of which The ophilus Clark was the moderator, it was " voted, that the burying place should be upon Bare Hill, sum whare within forty Bods of the meeting-house," and a " commity was chosen by the vote of the Town to joyn with the committy y' Medfield have chose to lay out a burying place, who are, Cpt. george Fair banks and Zackri Partridge and John Richardson." This cemetery was the first and only one in the town for some years. It has been enlarged and beautified, and is still used by the people of the East Parish as the burial-place of the dead. The second cemetery laid out was in the West Precinct, probably about the time of the erection of the first church in 1750. It was located near the church, as was customary in those days, and has been greatly enlarged and improved. Oakland Cemetery is a third place of burial located near Medway Village. This is a beautiful spot, and was appropriately consecrated to its sacred purposes by a service held June 20, 1865. The Scriptures were read by Rev. David Sanford, the prayer was offered by Rev. Jacob Lee, D.D., and an address made by Rev. Jacob Roberts. The first burial in these newly-consecrated grounds was that of Mrs. Mary Darling, who died Oct. 26, 1865, at the age of one hundred and two years, five months, and ten days. At a little distance from Oak land Cemetery in 1876 was laid out the Catholic Cemetery. Many quaint inscriptions are to be found on the older gravestones in the East and West Parish ceme teries. On the gravestone of one, Phineas Allen, is found the following inscription : " Behold and see as you pass by, As yon are now so once was I ; As I am now, so you must be, Prepare to die and follow me." BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. MILTON HOLBROOK SANFORD. Milton Holbrook Sanford, the oldest child of Sewall and Edena (Holbrook) Sanford, was born in Medway, Mass., Aug. 29, 1813. He inherited eminent ancestral respectability from both parents, his father being a grandson of the elo quent and well-known divine, the Bev. David San ford, for thirty-seven years pastor of the Second Con gregational Church, Medway, and his mother a descendant of the sixth generation from Thomas Hol brooke, of Broudway, England, who sailed from Wey mouth, England, March 20, 1635, with his family and one hundred other emigrants, bound for New England. He settled in Weymouth, Mass., from whence his worthy posterity have gone out into all the land. The boy Milton early exhibited traits that were prophetic of his future. He was self-reliant, cour ageous, generous, and frank, a champion in all athletic sports and contests. His education, beyond that afforded by the schools of his native village, was ob tained at a military school (taught by Capt. Alden Partridge) in Middletown, Conn., and subsequently at the academies in Bradford and Andover, Mass. When seventeen years of age his school-life was terminated by the death of his father, the manage ment of whose extensive and varied business was in trusted to him, a trust that he very successfully dis charged, as the agent of the estate, until experience made him competent to assume the business as princi pal. After a successful career in Medway, he disposed of his business there and removed to Boston, where he opened an office for the sale of Southern products. This enterprise gave him acquaintance at the South, and prepared the way for the extensive business opera tions which he subsequently carried on in that section. Leasing a mill in Canton, Mass., he commenced the manufacture of a strong cotton fabric, much in use on the plantations of the South. After working this mill for ten years, his need of better facilities induced him to buy a mill property in Southborough, Mass., where he erected a substantial and adequate factory. His success in this enterprise was exceptional. By a process of which he held the monopoly he utilized the fibre of jute for the manufacture of plantation cloth, which sold readily, and at a handsome profit. His business at Cordaville was very profitable, and during the ten years preceding the civil war the bulk of his large wealth was accumulated. 556 HISTOBY OF NOBFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. As a business man, Mr. Sanford possessed those qualities that compel success. Coupled with a sagacity that discovered, as by intuition, the right thing to do, and the right method of doing it, was an energy and determination that obstacles only intensi fied. In practical common sense, self-reliance, and will-power he was always conspicuous. When he built his mill at Southborough he changed the location of the dam, against the protests of many advisers, but the result, in the increase of the head and fall of water, fully justified his action. After the destruction of this mill by fire, two or three years later, he pushed the work of rebuilding with such energy that in one hundred and twenty-one working days the second mill was weaving cloth. On the election of Mr. Lincoln as President, the defiant attitude of the South convinced Mr. Sanford that war was inevitable, and in spite of the incred ulity of his contemporaries, he protected himself by turning the paper of his Southern customers, of which he held a large amount, into cotton. He thus escaped heavy losses, and was enabled to continue running his mill long after similar factories had suspended. Subsequently his mill lay idle for two years, during which period, with characteristic generosity, he sup ported the families of his operatives. He then changed his machinery, and commenced the manufac ture of blankets for the United States army. At the close of the war Mr. Sanford sold out his mill property, and, having an independent fortune, decided to gratify a taste that he always had for blooded horses. It was his ambition to produce an American horse that would compete, in endurance and speed, with foreign blooded racers. He accord ingly purchased a tract of land near Paterson, N. J., and established there the Preakness stud, which has become famous for its breeding record. To secure a soil and climate better adapted to his purposes, he disposed of his property in Paterson and purchased a valuable tract of land in Lexington, Ky., where he established the North Elkhorn stud, now Elmendorf. Mr. Sanford won many important races on the American turf, and bred some horses that have made a creditable record. In 1881 he sold out his stock-farm, owing to in creasing infirmity, and limited his business cares to the management of his large property, Mr. Sanford was twice married; in 1836 to Miss Anna T. Davenport, daughter of Benjamin Daven port, of Mendon, Mass., by whom he had one child, — a daughter. In 1838 mother and child both died within a few days of each other, the latter being less than a year old, a bereavement whose shadow lingered long over Mr. Sanford's heart. In 1846 he married Miss Cordelia Biddle, of Boston, who still (1884) sur vives him. The welfare of his native village was always a inatter of interest to him, and he has given many substantial evidences of his loyalty. As a young man, he was active in the formation of the parish associated with the Third Evangelical Congregational Church, and in the erection of its house of worship. This church and parish, over which his uncle, the Rev. David Sanford (2d), was for thirty-five years pastor, received frequent tokens of his continued in terest. Its organ was his gift. He was the largest contributor to the expense of remodeling its house of worship in 1874. Six years later he paid the entire cost of inclosing its grounds with a granite curb, sur mounted by a substantial wrought-iron fence. By his generous aid the capacious building that bears the family name (Sanford Hall), was erected in 1872. Water-pipes, connecting with pumps at the mills, were laid at his expense through the most exposed portion of the village street, as a protection from fire, and for the irrigation of the church grounds. He also paid for inclosing the lawn fronting the Catholic Church with a substantial granite curbing. Two years previous to his death he responded to a memorial from leading citizens, who were desirous of increasing the business of the town, by subscribing forty thousand dollars for the incorporation of a stock company for the manufacture of cassimeres, a project which he had the pleasure of seeing realized in a sub stantial and thoroughly equipped brick mill, in suc cessful operation. Thus he has set up his memorial, not only in the adornment of his native village, but in its increased business activity and well-being. It was not by reason of his eminent business ca pacity and energy, his skill and success in conducting the various enterprises he originated, or his large wealth that Mr. Sanford impressed his personality with most emphasis and permanence upon his kindred and friends, but rather by the nobility of his nature, the quick response of his sympathies, the hearty liber ality of his ministrations, the steadfast loyalty of his friendships. These are the characteristics most con spicuous to the thought of those who knew him best. To his family he was the ideal of chivalric kindness, always the safe and interested adviser, the able and generous helper. His liberality was not confined within the limits of his friendships, but reached and blessed the needs of the comparative stranger. Those for whom he has smoothed the rough ways of life are a multitude, and Jiyr-dv aj1-*-uc':'1' e^J MEDWAY. 557 embrace beneficiaries of numerous and diverse needs. Among them are the aged servants of God, whose years of waiting were blessed with many comforts through his thoughtfulness ; the homeless unfortu nate, for whom he provided a home ; the widow and the fatherless, to whom he -was as a defense ; the earnest student, anxious and troubled by the question how his school expenses are to be met, for whom he solved the problem by a signature, — his helpful aid all the more grateful for the modesty and secrecy with which it was tendered. Even on his dying bed this " law of kindness that was in his heart" laid on him still its sweet constraint, so that to strangers, who were fellow-sufferers on beds of pain, he sent delicacies that he had enjoyed, in token of his sympathy and desire to help. The poet's declaration seems to have furnished his life its motto and inspiration, — " 'Tis worth a wise man's best of life, 'Tis worth a thousand years of strife, If thou canst lessen but by one The countless ills beneath the sun.'' During the last years of his life he suffered from physical infirmities, which increased until they con quered even his resolute will, and after weeks of much pain and weakness he quietly passed away, in his summer home at Newport, B. I., Aug. 3, 1883. His body was brought to his boyhood home, and after a simple service in the village church, was laid to rest in the family burial lot, beneath the shadow of the stately monument which he had erected in honor of his ancestors, whose dust shares the same resting-place. MILTON M. FISHER. Milton M. Fisher, son of Willis and Caroline (Fairbanks) Fisher, was born in Franklin, Mass.,' Jan. 30, 1811. He is descended on his father's side from two old English families probably having a com mon ancestor. His grandfather, Joseph Fisher, of Franklin, traced his lineage to Anthony Fisher, of Syleham, Suffolk County, near the borders of Norfolk, England. The line descends from him to his son Anthony, born 1591, who, with his wife and five children, came to America in the Great Puritan Im migration, and settled in Dedham in 1637 ; and, re moving just over the line, was known as Anthony Fisher, Sr., of Dorchester. His second son, Cor nelius, born in England, is next in line of de scent, who, with Samuel Fisher and eight others, projected a colony in Wollomonopouge, now Wren tham, previous to 1661, and removed from Dedham hither in 1662 ; thence comes the line to his son Cornelius, Jr., born February, 1660; thence to Ben jamin, born March 6, 1701 ; thence to Joseph, born Oct. 6, 1741, and to Willis, born July 20, 1783. His grandfather, Joseph, married Susa Fisher, daughter of Hon. Jabez Fisher, who traced his lineage to Thomas Fisher, who immigrated from Winston, in England, a town near Syleham, with his wife and three children, and settled first in Cambridge in 1634, but removed to Dedham on the arrival of Anthony and others, in 1637, and died in 1638, 'having con tracted to build the first meeting-house in Dedham. This line comes next to Samuel, born in England, who was one of the original colony at Wrentham, and deacon of the first church, and a member of the General Court ; thence to his son Ebenezer, born Dec. 20, 1670 ; thence to Hon. Jabez, born Nov. 19, 1717, who settled on territory now Franklin ; thence to Susa. who married Joseph, thus uniting the line of Thomas to that of Anthony, — coming to Willis, father of Milton. On the side of his mother, Caroline Fair banks, his descent is traced from Jonathan Fairbanks, of Somerby, West Biding, Yorkshire, England, who with his wife and six children came to America and settled in Dedham previous to 1664 ; thence the line is through John, first, second, and third, to Asa first, and second, to Caroline, who married Willis Fisher, and inherited and lived upon a part of the large landed estate acquired by the third John, and now comprising several farms in South Franklin. The ancestors of Mr. Fisher both in this country and in England have for centuries held a good position in the great middle class of society. The Fisher coat of arms used in this country by Joshua Fisher, Sr., of Medfield, and Capt. Ebenezer Fisher, of Dedham, is the same as described in the history of Norfolk County in England, with notices of Bichard and Edward Fisher, " Gentlemen ;" Bich ard Fisher, chaplain, 1442 ; John Fyshere, 1449, burgess of Thetford ; Bev. William Fisher, " a Pub lic Benefactor;" and of Mrs. Maiy Fisher, " who died and went to Heaven in a hurricane." The arms are a common shield bearing upon its face a fish (in Eng lish, a dolphin ; in French, dauphin "embossed") with the crest of an eagle, and without any known motto. A " crown" rested on the face of the shield over and above the dolphin, and an eagle on top of the shield as the " crest." These arms are known to be identi cal with those of the Dauphine of France, heir ap parent to the throne. These arms originally were those of the Count of Dauphiny, a French province, who bestowed his title and estates upon the heir ap parent. They probably came to England previously through one Osborne la Pecheur, in English Os- 558 HISTOBY OF NOBFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. borne Fisher, one of the Norman French generals of William the Conqueror in 1066, who, after the con quest, received from William, for distinguished ser vices, lands in Bedfordshire, where is now a hamlet called " Fisher," visited some years since by Col. Horace N. Fisher, of Brookline. It is evident that the Fisher arms are of French origin. The name being derived from a common occupation and found in several languages, may have been a family name in England before the Norman conquest. Among the many bearing the name in Norfolk County, descendants of the original seventeen and honored by their fellow-citizens, none attained a greater distinction or more justly than the Hon. Jabez Fisher, of Franklin, who, between 1766 and 1799, was in public life, was member of the General Court seven years, senator five, councilor eleven, and one of a committee to exercise executive power in place of the Tory Governor Gage ; member of the Provincial Congress during its whole existence, and elected to the Committee of Safety with Gen. Joseph Warren and others for colonial defense in 1775. He was also a delegate to convention to adopt the Con stitution of the United States. (See Emmons' Ser mons, vol. ii., and Judge Theron Metcalf's article in the Boston Monthly Magazine, June, 1826.) The subject of this notice was educated at a classi cal school in Medway, taught by Bev. Abijah Baker, D.D., and at Day's Academy, Wrentham, Isaac Per kins preceptor. He entered Amherst College in 1832, in class with Governor Bullock and the Hon. and Bev. Edmund Down, but health failing, he left the next year, devoting some time to travel in the States and Canada. He commenced teaching school at the age of sixteen years, and, teaching a classical school in Bandolph in 1832, he prepared in part twenty youths for college, some of whom have been and still are prominent in public life. He began business as a trader upon a small borrowed capital in Franklin in 1835, removed to Westboro' next year, and married Eleanor, the eldest daughter of Hon. Luther Metcalf, of Medway, Aug. 22, 1836. In 1838 he was ap pointed postmaster in that town, after much opposi tion, because he was an "Abolitionist." Being in dorsed by the local Democratic Committee and others as " honest and capable," and not a fanatic, Amos Kendall, the postmaster-general, for once disappointed the pro-slavery party. In 1840, removing to Medway, he established there the manufacture of straw goods, and continued the business in partnership with others till 1863. He was deputed by the trade to go to Washington and readjust the revenue tax with Governor Boutwell upon straw goods. Betiring from this business in 1863, he established the Medway Insurance Agency, representing a large insurance capital in some thirty companies, his son, Frederick L., being associated with him since 1878, In 1840 he was elected a deacon of the village church in Medway, giving him a title by which he has been more familiarly known to the public ever since. Being an original pupil in the Franklin Sab bath-school, in 1819, he has been either pupil, teacher, or superintendent in some Sunday-schqol to the present time. Upon his motion in the Massa chusetts Senate in 1859, the first State aid of three thousand dollars was given to the Washingtonian Home in Boston, of which institution he has been a director for many years, and is officially connected with several State and national benevolent organiza tions. He has held various municipal offices and public trusts by judicial and executive appointments, such as justice of the peace, quorum and for all the counties notary public, commissioner in railroad matters, and for the division of towns of Danvers and Peabody. In 1848 was delegate from Norfolk County with Hon. Charles Francis Adams to the Free-Soil Na tional Convention, and in 1850 candidate with him and Judge Wilkinson for senator of the county. After a protracted and expensive illness of four years he was elected senator (Bepublican) for Nor folk, West District, in 1859 and 1860, with two ses sions in each year. In both terms he resisted suc cessfully by vote and voice the annexation of Roxbury to Boston, and the measure was delayed eight years, much to the benefit of the treasury of Norfolk County. In 1863, perhaps as some recognition for services rendered, he .was elected county commis sioner, and served till 1872, aud for three years as chairman of the board. Two of his returns upon important highways were sharply contested in the Supreme Court, and although a layman they were sustained as legal in every point, and notably in the case from Brookline, in which the returns provided a reservation to Norfolk County of ten thousand dollars, if Brookline were annexed to the county of Suffolk before the highway improvement was com pleted. A " wise provision," said Judge Gray. He was contemporary with the earliest modern efforts in the temperance and anti-slavery cause, and met with much opposition. While in college, in 1833, he was the first to break silence in the chapel upon the tabooed question of slavery. Beproved by the pro fessor, he was sustained by the faculty, and the dis- MEDWAY. 559 cussion went on until freedom of speech and the views of his essay were fully sustained. Though failing to graduate from ill health, the trustees in due time conferred upon him the honorary degree of Master of Arts. He was a delegate to the first anniversary of the American Anti-Slavery So ciety in 1833 ; was chairman of committee which perfected the organization of the old Liberty party in the county, visiting all the towns till the ballot-box in all spoke for the party. He addressed many meetings, and wrote many articles for the press upon temper ance, slavery, and other topics, and has continued so to do till the present time. In 1845 he prepared a petition, quite numerously signed, to the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in the matter of slavery in the churches under the patronage of the board among the Choctaw Indians. Upon this petition Rev. Dr. Wood made a characteristic report, unsatisfactory to anti-slavery Christians, which led, soon after, to the formation of the American Missionary Association, now doing a great work among the freedmen. About this time he assumed and paid a liberal share of the debt of the Massachusetts Abolition Society, and in the late war paid more than enough to procure a sub stitute. As to local enterprises, in 1846, he settled a difficulty, and so obtained land for a church park, and inclosed it ; introduced the question of a high school, consummated in 1851 ; was first chief engineer of fire department in 1854 ; one of a committee to appear before the Legislature for railroad, secured after a great struggle and delay, and opened in 1862 ; ob tained charter for the Dean Library in 1860, and is now president of the association. He laid out the Oakland Cemetery, of which he is sole proprietor. In 1871 he projected the Medway Savings Bank, and has always been its president, and in the same year co-operated in the erection of Sanford Hall building. In 1881 he initiated, at his own cost, measures which secured the successful co-operation and liberal aid of Mr. M. H. Sanford and others in building the Sanford Mills. In the same year he suggested and obtained an appropriation from the town for the publication of a town history, to which he has contributed much material, and is chairman of the committee of publication. His seventieth anniversary was observed by his fellow-citizens Jan. 31, 1881, in Sanford Hall, and conducted by a committee consisting of William H. Cary, Clark Partridge, A. S. Harding, 0. A. Mason, and Rev. R. K. Harlow. The tables were beautifully furnished, and letters received from personal friends, including Governor Claflin, Hon. F. W. Bird, N. F. Safford, J. White Belcher, Sheriff Thomas, Charles Endicott, Dr. Mortimer Blake, and others. Addresses were made by Bev. Dr. Spaulding, E. 0. Jameson, R. K. Harlow, and others, all complimentary to the personal character and services of the guest of the occasion. Mr. Safford says, " My acquaintance with him dates back to more than half these ' threescore years and ten,' and during a protracted term of official ser vice I have witnessed his unswerving devotion to the conscientious discharge of his duty as a citizen, his earnest and vigorous thought, his firm yet cautious mind, and as one whose intelligence, fidelity, activities, and examples assuredly merit this public apprecia tion." Mr. Belcher, one of his old pupils, says, " Some of his pupils now living can recall his faith ful teachings and wise counsels which helped to qualify them to fill honorable positions in life. I have long known him as one of the faithful guardians in many departments of the interests of Norfolk County." Bev. Mr. Harlow said, " He has made his mark upon more useful enterprises in this com munity than any other man among us," and Rev. Dr. Spaulding said, " To know him well he must be known in his home-life, as it has been his privilege to know him." The last lines of the poem for the occasion by Deacon Anson Daniels, entitled " The Garden Beyond the Iron Gate," voiced the common feeling : " May he who yesterday stepped through the gate Find the joys that abound in this Garden of fate, And be cheered by the music that floats from the Shore, Beyond the dark waters, where life is evermore." Mr. Fisher has had nine children, four of whom are living. His eldest son, Dr. Theodore W. Fisher, born May 29, 1837, was educated at Andover, East Hampton, and Harvard Medical College ; was surgeon of the Forty-fourth Begiment Massachusetts Volun teers ; has officially served the city of Boston for nearly twenty years as physician, and is now superintendent of the Lunatic Hospital. He first married Miss Maria C. Brown, of Medway, who died early, and next married Miss Ella G. Bichardson, of Boston. They have two sons, Willis and Edward. His eldest daughter, Mary Eleanor, born Dec. 5, 1844, educated at Wheaton Seminary and Gannet's Institute, is a teacher of French and German. His next son, Frederick Luther, born Jan. 12, 1853, is a graduate of the Institute of Technology, Boston ; began business as a trader ; married Miss Caroline P. Lyons, of Boston ; has a daughter, Hattie Lyons, and now manages an insurance agency in Boston and Medway. His youngest daughter, Helen Frances, born May 560 HISTOBY OF NOBFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. 12, 1854, is a graduate of Framingham Normal School, became a teacher, married Walter V. Hawkes, late of Amherst, now of Saugus. They have two children, Milton and Louisa. T. w. F. JAMES HOVEY SARGENT. James Hovey Sargent, the son of Nathaniel and Abial H. Sargent, was born in York, Me., in June, 1782. His early life was spent in his native village, where he availed himself of such opportunities for education as the schools of the town afforded. In his nineteenth year he entered Phillips' Acad emy, Exeter, N. H., and at the conclusion of his academic course commenced the study of medicine with Dr. Gilman, a practicing physician in that town. On the 19th of June, 1806, he was appointed by President Thomas Jefferson, surgeon's mate in the United States army, to take rank from the 6th day of the previous March. He was enrolled on the medical staff of Fort Independence, Boston Harbor, in April, 1806, where he remained for the succeeding ten years. Dr. Sargent was married, in 1812, to Miss Fanny Ruggles, of Roxbury, Mass., who died Sept. 13, 1854. They had one child, a daughter, — Frances J. R., — who married Mr. Anson Bullard, of Medway, and who survives both parents (1884). Dr. Sar gent was subsequently stationed at Fort Pickering, Salem, Mass. ; Fort Constitution, Portsmouth, N. H. ; Fort Preble, Portland, Me. ; Fort Trumbull, New London, Conn. ; Fort Niagara, Niagara, N. Y. (at which place he resigned his commission in 1846, having completed a term of forty years' continuous service). He subsequently resided with his daughter at Watertown, Mass., accompanying her when she re moved to Medway, Mass., in which place he died in August, 1869, probably the last survivor of those who held commissions in the army when he entered. He was buried in Mount Auburn, the resting-place of the dust of his devoted wife. Dr. Sargent was a gentleman of the old school, of fine presence, and courtly manners. He was very fond of reading, but confined himself to the best authors. In his old age his mind remained uncom monly active, and his memory continued clear and retentive. His neighbors and acquaintances in Medway re member his venerable and dignified aspect as he appeared upon their streets and in the village church of which he was a constant attendant till the infirmi ties of extreme old age prevented him. His last years were quietly passed in the society of those who were fitted, by age and kindred tastes, to be his com panions, his needs most considerately and untiringly ministered to by his devoted and beloved daughter. In recognition of his public career, and out of re spect to his memory, a post of the Grand Army. formed in Medway in 1882, took his name as its designation, — viz., James H. Sargent Post, G. A. R. CHAPTER XLV. WEYMOUTH.* BY GILBERT NASH. Geography — Geology — General History — Weston's Colony- Gorges' Settlement — Hull's Company — Ecclesiastical Trou bles — Pequod War — Emigration — Town Government. Geography. — Weymouth is the most ancient town in the county, and, next to Plymouth, in the com monwealth, and its original boundaries have been preserved without material change until the present time, therefore its lines are the same for any date in its history of two hundred and sixty years. The town borders upon the shore of Boston Harbor, with its centre about thirteen miles southeasterly from Boston and about double that distance northwesterly from Plymouth. It is above nine miles in extreme length from the Abington line on the south to the shore of the bay on the north, with an average of about seven miles. It lies between Braintree and Holbrook on the west and Hingham on the east, with a width nearly uniform of about two and a half miles. It has a water front on Fore and Back Bivers of eight or nine miles, and its whole area contains between sixteen and seventeen square miles. Of this area a considerable portion is covered by ponds. Great Pond, in the southerly part, is about a mile and one-third in length 1 This sketch has been compiled largely from original sources, principally the public records of State, county, town, parish, and church ; and, brief as it necessarily is, it is the most elab orate account of the town yet offered to the public, no history ever having been undertaken, although the initiatory steps of such a work are in progress. Prominence has been given to the general history and to the churches and schools, as being of public importance and interest, and in most cases the compiler has preferred to give the substance of the records rather than his own statement of the facts. He would also gratefully ac knowledge the kind offices of his many friends who have aided him in the collection of material necessary to the prosecution of his work. ?%^ iS^V'lllllllllllll En^'byAETMchie /^cf't^s^^n ^ Ci ^*-*S—*f~ t* 594 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. school was commenced. This state of things soon produced the desire for a church, which was formed on Feb. 7, 1854, but it was not until June 21, 1855, that the society was organized and the congregation became fully equipped for its work. Rev. H. C. Coombs, of Middleborough, supplied the pulpit for a few weeks, when it was placed under the care of Rev. Henry Fitz, missionary of the State Convention, and its preachers were mainly from the Newton Theologi cal Seminary. The first pastor was Rev. Andrew Dunn, of Bridgewater, who commenced his labors April 1, 1855, and a chapel was erected, which was dedicated on July 12th. Mr. Dunn remained as pas tor of the church until Jan. 31, 1858, and was suc ceeded on May 1st by Rev. Levi A. Abbott, of Mil ford, who continued with the people for five years, until the end of May, 1863. On Nov. 1, 1863, Rev. Gideon Cole, of Sheldon ville, having accepted a call commenced his work in this place. During his pas torate a new meeting-house was built on Washington and Broad Streets, nearly opposite the chapel, and dedicated Jan. 31, 1866. Mr. Cole was succeeded in the spring of 1871 by Bev. C. H. Bowe, who was followed in the autumn of 1874 by Rev. W. C. Wright. He remained in the pastorate about four years, when he was dismissed, and a call extended to Rev. P. A. Nordell was accepted, who began work in the spring of 1878, which he continued until 1882, when he resigned, and was succeeded by Rev. Seth J. Axtell, the present pastor. Roman Catholic. — The Parish of St. Francis Xavier was the first parish of this demonination, and embraced territorially the whole town. The first priests of the parish were Rev. Fathers Roddan and Lynch, who came to the town in 1851, and the first services were held in East Weymouth that same year, in private houses. After a few months the place of worship was changed and services were held in Tirrell's Hall, at Weymouth Landing. In 1854, Rev. Father Roach took charge of the parish, but it was not until 1859 that the first church was erected, which was located upon Middle Street, not far below the town hall. Father Roach was succeeded, in 1866, by Rev. Father Hennigan, who remained until 1869, and in the fall of that year the church was burned. Rev. Father Smyth followed Father Hennigan in 1869, and soon after the church on Pleasant Street was erected, in 1870. In 1873, the Parish of the Sacred Heart was constituted at the Landing, the tavern property purchased and services held in the hall of the building. In 1876, a church of brick and stone was begun, which, when completed, will be the costliest church edifice in the vicinity. The basement was soon fin ished and occupied, and the audience-room of the church itself has been in use for a year or two. The Parish of the Immaculate Conception, at East Weymouth, was formed, and a church built in 1879 dedicated November 23d. In 1881, a parish was constituted in Old Spain, called the Parish of Saint Jerome, and a church erected. Rev. Father Smyth had charge of all these parishes (with one or more assistants) until 1882, when Rev. Father Millrickwas placed over the Parishes of the Immaculate Conception and Saint Jerome, Father Smyth retaining the other two until 1883, when he was succeeded by Rev. Father Murphy, the present incumbent. Episcopalian — The Trinity Church at Wey mouth Landing. — This parish was organized Nov. 11, 1867, at the time and in consequence of the trouble in the Union Congregational Church, in con nection with the Rev. S. Dickerman. Services had been held in Williams' Hall, as early as July 7th of that year. On September 10th, the homestead of the late Atherton W. Tilden, on Front Street, was pur chased, and the house reconstructed into a church. These changes were completed, and the first service held there Dec. 8, 1867, but the church was not con secrated until May 21, 1874. From March 4th to July 1st of that year, 1867, Rev. S. R. Slack, of South Boston, was the officiating clergyman, when Rev. Mr. Burroughs was called to the rectorship, which he resigned Oct. 1, 1868, and was succeeded in December by Bev. T. W. Street, who in turn gave way to Rev. F. 0. Barstow, December, 1869. He was followed in June, 1870, by Bev. W. F. Lhoyd, who resigned in 1873, and was succeeded by Rev. William C. Winslow, who remained but one year. The next rector was Rev. Samuel R. Slack, in June, 1874, who retained that position until April 12, 1877, when he resigned, and was followed by Rev. John A. Jerome, who occupied the position until March, 1883. In November, of this year, Rev. Charles L. Wells became officiating clergyman. CHAPTER LI. WEYMOUTH— (Continued). Educational Institutions — Public Schools — Weymouth and Braintree Academy — Newspapers — Weymouth Historical So ciety — Social Libraries — Mutual Library Associations- Tufts' Library. Next in importance to the ecclesiastical interests come those of education, of which the public schools form the prominent feature ; and for these the town WEYMOUTH. 595 has always taken special care. In the early days of its history the records are exceedingly brief, and only slight and incidental mention is made of many things of which now there is great need of fuller informa tion. The first notice of matters connected with schools occurs on March 10, 1651, when the town voted to pay Capt. Perkins ten pounds for six months schooling. Capt. William Perkins was a prominent man in town in those days, being " townsman," and probably held other important offices. In subsequent history it was found that it was to men of this char acter that the town intrusted the education of its children. It is a singular fact, and one which shows that the interest of the town in education was not confined to its own borders, that the second mention should be that of a subscription often pounds, sixteen shillings, and sixpence by Weymouth to Cambridge College, in 1652. After Capt. Perkins, the next school master named is William Chard, who was also town clerk, and attended to the drawing up of such legal in struments as the necessities of the people demanded. He is first mentioned in that capacity April 10, 1667, where the town voted him three pounds and ten shil lings, the rent of the flats in addition to his other pay. On the 25th of August thirty shillings was also added. On Nov. 29, 1669, he was engaged at ten pounds per year, probably employed only a portion of the time. He was also sexton, and the pay of both offices was sometimes included in one vote. On Sept. 18, 1678, his pay had advanced to twenty-four pounds, and the town was to furnish a school-room. The se lectmen with the elders were also " to rate each pay- scholar for his benefit." The next year a house and orchard were rented for him at forty-five shillings, and in 1680 the house of James Stewart was bought for forty pounds for the use of the schoolmaster; this was to be paid for by subscription, which failed, and a tax was laid for it. In the following year, 1681, a school-house was built on a part of the land bought of Capt. John Holbrook, the other part of which was afterwards occupied by the new meeting house erected in 1682. The house with the furnishing cost thirty-six pounds. In 1684 Mr. Chard's salary was advanced to thirty-three pounds and fourteen shillings. His duties were " to keep a free-school and teach all children and servants sent to him to read, write, and cast accounts." On Nov. 28, 1687, for some reason the town Toted " not to continue Mr. Chard in the work of a public schoolmaster at the public charge, but he is at liberty to use the dwelling and school-house until next March meeting, for which he is to ring the bell and sweep the meeting-house." Probably this was for want of funds, as he was in office during the year 1689, and continued a town schoolmaster until 1696, when he removed to Abington. Mr. John Copp was appointed to succeed him at thirty pounds per year, and he was also chosen town clerk the same year. Mr. Copp does not appear to have remained in his position quite two years. At the March meet ing, 1697, the town voted that " parents shall pay three shillings for each child sent to school between the ages of eight and fourteen years." This was to pay in part the schoolmaster's salary, the remainder to be made up by a tax upon all who lived within two miles of the school-house. By this time the increase of scholars was so large that the town found it neces sary to employ more teachers, and Joseph Dyer was employed to teach in the school-house, with John King as assistant, and Edward Bate was to teach in his own house. To follow the precedent, now well established, Edward Bate was elected town clerk. The pay of schoolmaster was to be not over thirty pounds, one-third of which was to be paid by those who sent their children to school and the remainder by tax. The next year the whole was raised by tax, and John Torrey was employed, probably, in the place of John King, as Edward Bate still retained his position the following year, 1699, and later Torrey appears as Bate's assistant. During the summer of 1700, five women were en gaged to teach school for six months at twenty-five shillings each, besides the usual rate paid by those who sent children. On the 21st of October of that year Samuel Hunt, son of Col. Hunt, was hired as schoolmaster at £15 10s. in money for six months, or twenty-three pounds " as the rates run." In January, 1705, Ebenezer White, of Dorchester, was appointed schoolmaster for half a year at fifteen pounds, and on March 3, 1707, Thomas Thornton was engaged at twenty-five pounds, of fifteen pennyweights each (silver). To him, in 1709, succeeded John Torrey at fifty shillings per month. In 1717 school was kept in each school-house four months, and it seemed that now there was a school-house in the south part of the town. John Gait was teacher for a part of this year. In September, 1719, Ebenezer Rolie was hired for a year at £42 10s., and Mr. Calder in 1723, at the same price. And this year, 1723, a new school- house was built at a cost of £42 7s. lie?., between Joseph Lovell's and John Shaw's. Mr. Calder taught two months here, and two months in the North school-house. In 1729 it was voted that the South Precinct should have a school one-third of the year, and be at the charge of having a school-house, and 596 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. the North two-thirds of the year. In May, 1730, Joseph Torrey was hired as schoolmaster at fifty pounds. After the division of the town into two precincts, a large part of the school business was transacted at the precinct meeting, the town appropriating money and dividing it between them according to the amount paid by each. The appropriations commenc ing in 1733, at seventy-five pounds, had risen, in 1800, to five hundred dollars. A new school-house was built by the North Precinct in 1730, where the old one stood near the meeting-house, and Ezra Whitemarsh was the schoolmaster. He was a gradu ate of Harvard, also town clerk and selectman, one of the fathers of the town. He continued his posi tion as schoolmaster until 1760, teaching sometimes in one precinct and sometimes in the other, according to the various votes of the town. During this time the precincts maintained their separate woman's schools. In 1760 the name of David Wyre appears upon the record as schoolmaster, and in 1769 and 1770, Mr. Lemuel Cushing taught for about a year. Mr. James Blake, A.B., also taught a few months about this time. The necessities of the times during the Revolutionary war rendered the raising of money very difficult, and probably the school interest among others suffered in consequence. There is no other teacher mentioned by name until Dec. 11, 1780, when Samuel Reed was engaged to teach in the North Pre cinct, " at his offer," six shillings per week in money, "•or its equivalent in necessaries at prices before the war." Jan. 24, 1785, Nathaniel Bayley, Esq., was appointed to answer to the General Court on behalf of the town for neglecting to keep a grammar school ; thus it appears that the town had become a delin quent in this matter, but the lesson was a good one and did not need to be repeated. After the close of the war prosperity began to dawn upon the town ; the schools soon felt the im petus, and new houses were built and new schools established in various parts. Samuel Beed and James Humphrey (3d) were employed at two pounds per week, and the latter to have three shillings per week extra, " he having been at the expense of fitting himself for a grammar-school teacher." Both of these were men of mark in town as well as schoolmasters, having: been town clerks, selectmen, and also village no taries. Both held long terms of service as school teachers, with excellent reputation. In 1796, the school system, which had been suffi cient for the needs of the town in its earlier days, was found to be greatly wanting, and a committee was chosen to take the whole subject into consideration and report a new plan. This was done, and in 1799 the town was divided into eight school dis tricts, substantially as it remained for seventy years. Each district was to furnish its school-house and teacher, paying its expenses from its proportion of the school money raised by the town. The business was to be in the charge of a prudential committee-man selected by the district, but chosen by the town. The school money was divided, sometimes according to the number of families, sometimes according to the num ber of scholars, and sometimes according to the amount of tax paid, but more generally, a part equally, and a part according to the number of scholars. In 1810, the employment of " Latin and Greek" masters was authorized, and also " English masters who shall teach equivalent to twelve months in the year." In 1814 each district was ordered to report in detail to the town. In 1816, the " alewive money" was appropriated for school purposes. In 1821, a census reported four hundred and thirty-four families and eight hundred and ninety-five scholars. In 1827 the town chose a committee of seven under a new State law, to have the oversight of the schools, or the general charge and superintendency of them. This was called the High Committee. They examined and approved the teachers, and kept a close watch upon the schools to see that they were properly taught. This system was retained until the abolition of the district system, in 1869, when this committee became the school com mittee, combining its former powers with those of the prudential committee. The High Committee reported to the town at its annual March meeting, and in 1839 these reports began their publication. In 1842, a second enumeration of the children of school age showed ten hundred and ninety-nine, an increase of over two hundred and four in twenty-one years. In 1845 the Fourth District was divided, and the Ninth set off from it. In 1847 the Tenth District was set off from the Second, and several years later the Eleventh was taken from the Eighth. Various minor changes were made in process of time, but this arrangement was that substantially kept until 1869. Attempts were made at various times looking to the establishment of a high school, but without success until about 1852, when the town hall was built, in which a room was fitted up for that purpose, but it was not until the next year that the town directed the school committee to go forward, appropriating one thousand dollars for the purpose. For several years it was a matter of some doubt whether or not the school would succeed on account of the exceeding in convenience of its location, being far away from nearly all of the scholars. Experiments were made, trying WEYMOUTH. 597 one school at the town house for a time, and then changing to two schools, one at the North and one at the South, and it was not until 1865 that the present arrangement was permanently adopted, that of having one school in each of the two sections. In 1859 the town voted to abolish the district sys tem and appointed a committee to take the necessary measures to carry the vote into effect, but the follow ing year a return to the old system was made. Again, in 1863 the same thing was voted, and in the next year rescinded. Thus the matter remained in un certainty until 1869, when the old arrangement was set aside and the present town system finally adopted. The same indefinite attitude was taken by the town with respect to the employment of a school superin tendent. The first one was hired in 1863, and from that time to the present, although a superintendent has been employed for the greater portion of the time, so many changes have been made and so uncertain the action that might be taken, that little benefit has been derived from the services of that officer. The treatment of the schools by the town seems at last to have settled down upon a more permanent basis that bids fair to continue, and which will raise the schools to a much higher plane than they have ever occupied. The town system appears to have little if any opposition, and the superintendency seems also to have become an established fact. That this is the true course is very evident, from the fact that the town has now 48 schools in ^operation, under the charge of 54 teachers, with a school population of 2006, between the ages of five and fifteen years, ac cording to the report of the year 1883, necessitating an appropriation of not far from $32,000. Of the schools 2 are high, 12 grammar, 20 intermediate, and 14 primary. Weymouth and Braintree Academy. — Feeling the need of a higher seminary of learning than any that had been sustained hitherto in the town, in the early part of the present century a project was under taken by some of the prominent citizens of Weymouth Landing for the establishment of an academy of high grade, and an act of incorporation was obtained, dated 28th of February, 1828, in which Cotton Tufts, Joseph Loud, Noah Fifield, and others, were named as corporators. A suitable building was erected the same year upon land donated for the purpose by Capt. Warren Weston, on the side of the hill a short distance above his dwelling, on the Weymouth and Braintree turnpike, and the institution was begun. The first principal was Thomas or Samuel Gregg, and soon after a Mr.. Goodell was furnished him as an assistant. Mr. Gregg remained but a short time, and was succeeded by Samuel Thomas Worcester, afterwards judge, with Miss Mary F. R. Wales as assistant, — this was about the spring of 1830. These were soon married to each other and left the school together. Calvin E. Park, a brother of Professor Park, of Andover, followed Mr. Worcester, and Miss Lucy M. K. Brastow took the place of Miss Wales. Mr. Eldridge succeeded Mr. Park, and was probably the last that taught for the corporation. There were several who attempted private schools in the build ing, but, like the academy, they were financial fail ures, and in 1833 the building was sold and con verted into a double tenement dwelling-house, having previously been used for a short time by the public schools. The building was burned in 1844. Newspapers. — As far as information can be ob tained, the first attempt at newspaper publishing in the town was made about fifty years ago, by Josiah White, of North Weymouth, an amateur printer with very limited facilities. Only a few numbers were published, and those at irregular intervals. It soon ceased to appear for want of sufficient encouragement. For many years succeeding this Weymouth was with out a local press, although occasional attempts were made by publishers of neighboring towns to intro duce their own papers here with a slight change in the form and with a local heading. In 1867 the Weymouth Gazette, published by C. G. Easterbrook, made its first appearance, and it has since that time been issued regularly every week. It has made itself a local necessity, and bids fair to become permanent. During the existence of the Gazette, several attempts have been made to introduce rival sheets, the first of these being the Weymouth Courier, which began its publication, in 1876, in East Weymouth, under the charge of Jones & Co. It survived about one year. The Weymouth Advance was the next candidate for the position,— started, in 1877, at East Weymouth, by C. F. David, and had an existence of about two years. Spooner & Webster undertook to resuscitate the latter enterprise, but, after a few weeks, the at tempt was abandoned, as was also the effort to revive the Weymouth Courier by Mr. Spooner. The Weymouth Historical Society.— This society was organized in the spring of 1879, by sev eral gentlemen, for purposes indicated by its name. The growing interest in historical matters and the absence of any history of this ancient and important town encouraged the effort, and its object has been to collect and preserve historical material, mainly that connected with this town. Elias Bichards, Esq., has been its president since its formation, and it has suc ceeded in collecting a valuable amount of historical 598 HISTOBY OF NOBFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. matter. It has also a small but constantly increasing library of historical works. Its meetings are of much interest and are held monthly in the Tufts' Library Booms, where also are located its library and other collections. Social Libraries were formed in several of the villages in the town in the early part of the present century. The shares were owned by the members and the expenses paid by a small annual fee. These proved of great benefit, but the foundations upon which they rested were not calculated for permanence, and in a few years they gradually disappeared. The first permanent organization of the kind was the Mutual Library Association of South Weymouth, formed Nov. 13, 1863, with eighty members, holding about one hundred and thirty-five shares, and a library of four hundred volumes, which has now increased to fifteen hundred. Previous to Dec. 24, 1881, the library was supported by annual fees, fines, and occa sional entertainments. Since that date it has been free to the public, depending upon private contribu tions and extra entertainments for its support. It is well patronized and promises permanence. The Tufts' Library.— This is a free, public library, located at Weymouth Landing, and was estab lished from a fund left by will, for this purpose, by the late Quincy Tufts, and his sister, Miss Susan Tufts, grandchildren of Dr. Cotton Tufts, one of Weymouth's most valuable citizens during the whole of the latter half of the eighteenth century. The estimated value of the fund is about twenty thousand dollars, and came into possession of the trustees of the Tufts' Library in 1879, who immediately proceeded to apply it to its intended purposes. A part of the fund consisted of two buildings at the Landing, the lower story of one being fitted up for the library, and the income derived from the re mainder of the fund devoted to furnishing and sus taining it. Books were purchased and arranged, a librarian engaged, and the library opened to the public the 1st of January of the year 1880, with about two thousand three hundred volumes. Since then the library has been rapidly increased from the income of its funds and from liberal appropria tions by the town, until its volumes have reached the number of about seven thousand five hundred (Jan. 1, 1884), and is one of the most valuable and best selected for its size of any in the land. It is highly appre ciated and extensively used by almost the whole body of inhabitants of sufficient age ; and the call has been so large from the other villages of the town that the trustees have made arrangements by which these can be supplied with the books without expense to the takers, thus making it available to all the people, although it is located in one of the villages. The in come of a part of the fund was set apart by the devisee for free lectures upon educational matters, and two courses of these have already been provided. The library is in the control of a board of trustees, con sisting of the selectmen of the town, ex officio, and others chosen by the town according to the terms of the legacy. CHAPTEB LI I. WEYMOUTH— ( Continued). Military Organizations : Early Companies, Company for the Castle, Weymouth Light-Horse, Weymouth Artillery, Wey mouth Light Infantry, Franklin Guards — Grand Army of the Republic : Lincoln Post, No. 40, Reynolds Post, No. 58 — Societies and Associations : Masonic Orphans' Hope Lodge, Delta Lodge, South Shore Commandery, Pentalpa Royal Arch Chapter — Odd-Fellows : Crescent Lodge, Wildey Lodge, Wompatuck Encampment — Knights of Pythias : Delphi Lodge — Knights of Honor : Pilgrim Lodge — Weymouth Ag ricultural and Industrial Society — Other Organizations. Military Organizations. — Very early, in fact from the beginning of the settlement, the necessities of the times called the attention of the people to military matters. They were obliged to furnish themselves with arms, and to have some kind of organized associations to resist their savage enemies, who were ever on the alert to surprise them. Con sequently, among the earliest movements recorded are the formation of military companies and the em ployment of men " to trayne" them. The records of Weymouth show its interest and participation in these organizations in the first years of its existence. As the various wars began and ended this feeling became active or dormant, and new movements were made from time to time, as fresh occasions called for them. Of the earlier organizations nothing very definite is known. In the first century of the colony, Weymouth had its troop of horse, besides its regular enrollment of militia, covering all able-bodied men of military age, formed into companies and officered. This system, if the rude organizations can be dig nified by such a term, continued for two hundred years. Near the close of the first half of the eighteenth century an independent company was formed in Wey mouth for service at Castle William, in Boston Har bor, under command of Maj. Adam Cushing. Its officers were Ebenezer White, captain ; Ebenezer Porter, lieutenant ; and John Porter, ensign ; with a WEYMOUTH. 599 roster numbering sixty-six persons, most of whom were young men, from eighteen to twenty-five years of age. A full list of its members is in existence at the present time. During the latter part of the century the troop of horse was revived, and in 1798 the Weymouth Light- Horse Troop was regularly organized, with John White as its first captain, whose commission dates August 13th of that year. This company held its existence about a dozen years, and included on its rolls a large portion of the active, prominent citizens. The next organization was the Weymouth Artillery Company, formed in 1801, with Nathaniel Shaw as its first captain, his commission dating October 5th of the same year. This company enjoyed an active life of more than forty yeai's, and was composed of the "first young men" of the town. It disbanded about 1843. The Weymouth Light Infantry was a local organ ization, formed at Weymouth Landing in 1818, Levi Bates being its first captain, the date of whose com mission is recorded as Feb. 9, 1818. It was com posed of the active men of the village, and continued its existence for about fifteen years. The Franklin Guards, of South Weymouth, was a local organization, as indicated by its name. Its first captain was Samuel P. Bayley, commissioned Feb. 26, 1822. The company was continued for ten or fifteen years. Grand Army of the Republic, Department of Massachusetts. — Lincoln Post, No. 40, named for our lamented President, was organized Jan. 2, 1868, at North Weymouth, having for its first Commander, Gen. B. F. Pratt, who had previously been a comrade of Post 15, in Boston. In August, 1873, it surren dered its charter and united with Post 58. Beynolds Post, No. 58, was formed July 14, 1868, and numbered, Dec. 1, 1883, three hundred and nine teen members. It was named in honor of Gen. John F. Beynolds, of the First Army Corps, under whom many of its comrades served. Its first commander was Gen. James L. Bates, and its present, Col. B. S. Lovell. Its charity fund amounts to $13,000 ; and up to the beginning of 1883, the post had expended, in relief and benefits to sick comrades and to widows and orphans of deceased soldiers, the sum of $6768.83. During its later years the disbursements for these pur poses have been about $1000 annually. The funeral expenses of a comrade, to the amount of $50, are borne by the post, in cases where the family or con nections of the deceased would find it a burden to provide them. All of the members are uniformed. The post is a most useful organization, and was never more prosperous than at present. Its regular meet ings are held on the first and third Tuesdays of each month. Societies and Associations. — Masonic. — Among the most important associations in the town are the Masonic organizations, of which there are three. The Orphans' Hope Lodge of Ancient, Free and Accepted Masons was instituted June 8, 1825; the charter was granted to John Edson and others. In 1830, during the Anti-Masonic excitement, the char ter was returned to the Grand Lodge, and Sept. l'O, 1856, was reissued on petition of Lovell Bicknell and others. John Edson was the first Master and Timothy Gorden the first Secretary. From the return of the charter the lodge has always been in a prosperous condition and never more successful than at the pres ent time. Its meetings were held first at Weymouth Landing, then at North Weymouth, and since at East Weymouth, always in hired apartments ; but a new hall is now in process of erection by the lodge in the latter village, and will probably be ready for occupancy in the fall of 1884. The lodge numbers one hundred and sixty-six members. The Delta Lodge, at Weymouth Landing, was chartered July 2, 1869, by the Grand Lodge; the first meeting having been held on May 12th of the previous year. Edward Avery was the first Wor shipful Master ; N. F. T. Hunt, Senior Warden ; A. S. White, Treasurer ; C. G. Thompson, Secretary. The present officers are Alden Bowditch, Worshipful Master ; E. E. Richards, Senior Warden ; John M. Walsh, Treasurer ; Wm. S. Wallace, Secretary. The South Shore Commandery of Knights Tem plar was duly constituted by charter Oct. 13, 1871, Z. L. Bicknell, Commander ; George Wyman Fay, Generalissimo, and E. Waters Burr, Captain-General. Its place of meeting is at East Weymouth, and its present membership (September, 1883) is one hun dred and fifty-three. Its present officers are E. W. H. Bass, Commander; William Fearing, Second Generalissimo ; Charles N. Marsh, Becorder ; and Andrew J. Garey, Captain-General. Pentalpa Boyal Arch Chapter held its first meet ing June 14, 1870, Stephens. Bradford, HighPrest; William Humphrey, King; A. A. Holbrook, Scribe; Samuel A. Bates, Secretary. Its present officers are Francis K. Slack, High Priest; Joel F. Sheppard, King; John M. Walsh, Scribe; William Cushing, Secretary ; and its membership is one hundred and twenty-four. The Independent Order of Odd- Fellows has two lodges in the town. The Crescent Lodge, No. 32, at East Weymouth, 600 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. was instituted Aug. 22, 1845. It has received into its membership three hundred and forty-six, of whom forty-five have died. The Wildey Lodge, of South Weymouth, was instituted March 9, 1875, with eighteen charter mem bers, and has now a membership of one hundred and eighteen. Its growth has been steady and permanent, and it stands second to none in sustaining the objects of its organization. It has a fine building erected by its members, which, with its furnishing, has cost fifteen thousand dollars. In this building are a hall for the use of the lodge, a public hall, and two stores. The Wompatuck Encampment, No. 18, was origi nally organized in Hingham, but surrendered its charter Feb. 2, 1851. It was reinstated at East Wey mouth Oct. 27, 1875, at the petition of Stephen Cain and thirteen others, with George W. Pratt, C. P.; A. H. Leonard, Scribe; and K. Chamberlain, Treasurer. Knights of Pythias. — The Delphi Lodge, No. 15, was organized Dec. 17, 1869, with thirteen char ter members, at Weymouth Landing ; was burned out Sept. 15, 1870, sustaining a loss of six hundred dol lars. The lodge now occupies a fine, new hall, well furnished, and is growing rapidly, with a present membership of one hundred and twelve. Knights of Honor. — The Pilgrim Lodge, No. 485, at East Weymouth, was organized Feb. 27, 1877, with thirteen charter members ; first named " Cooper," in compliment to its first Dictator, but two years after this, for obvious reasons, the name was changed to '' Pilgrim." Its growth has been slow but steady, and now numbers sixty members. This is a benevolent association, and pays two thousand dollars to the heirs of each member upon his death. Frank W. Lewis is the present Dictator. The Weymouth Agricultural and Industrial So ciety was formed Oct. 31, 1864, for purposes indi cated by its name, to promote the interests of agricul ture and industry. Its first president was James L. Bates, and its present, Alvah Baymond. It owns about thirty-three acres of land in the southeasterly part of the town, upon which there is a half-mile track, with horse-stables, etc. Its stock is held at ten dollars per share, of which there are about nine hun dred, held by four hundred and seventy members. The society holds an annual fair upon its grounds, and is in a prosperous condition. There are also several other organizations of similar character, among them the Hibernians of East Wey mouth, a Council of the Boyal Arcanum, at Wey mouth Landing, and many temperance associations, Temple of Honor, Beform Club, Good Templars, Woman's Christian Temperance Union, and others, of which fuller mention cannot be made for want of space. CHAPTER LIII. WEYMOUTH— ( Continued). Business Enterprises1 — Mills: The Waltham- Richards- Bates' Mill, Tide Mill, Tirrell's Mill, Reed's Mill, Loud's Mill, Vin son's Mill, Dyer's Mill — Turnpikes : Weymouth and Brain tree, New Bedford, Hingham and Quincy Bridge— Bail- roads : Old Colony, South Shore — Expresses — Telegraph — Tel ephone — Financial Corporations — Banks : Weymouth Na tional, National of South Weymbuth — Savings Banks : Wey mouth, South Weymouth, East Weymouth — Weymouth and Braintree Fire Insurance Company — Manufactures: Boots and Shoes — Weymouth Iron Company — Fish Company — Weymouth Commercial Company — Ice Companies — Bradley Fertilizer Company — Ship Building — Bay State Hammock Company — Howe & French — Fire-Works — Mitten-Factory — Miscellaneous. MiUs. — Weymouth has always, from its settlement by the English, been noted for its excellent mill priv ileges. Mill River, from its departure from Great Pond to its mouth at tide-water, abounds with valu able sites which have been improved during al most if not quite its entire history. The mill of William Waltham is mentioned in his will in 1640. In the following January, 1641, a difficulty arose between Henry Waltham, to whom the property had passed, and Wealthean Richards, wife of Thomas Richards, whose husband was absent from the coun try and had left her in charge of his interest. This was submitted to a reference consisting of Rev. Mr. Newman, James Parker, Esq., and Edward Bates. In 1642, Henry Waltham sold one-half of his grist mill (the same property) to Joseph Arthur, of Wey mouth, England, for one hundred and forty pounds, with other property. In 1651, after the death of Mr. Richards, who seems to have obtained posses sion of the whole property, the mill was set off to his widow. The town records of that date say it "was on the road to Hingham Plain." This locates it at Back River, below Whitman's Pond. The mill (or mills) seems to have passed into the hands of Elder 1 The portion of this sketch devoted to business matters is necessarily very brief, the space allowing only a bare outline of important interests. Many are omitted entirely, among which are all of that class engaged in supplying the material wants of the inhabitants, very large in the aggregate, employ ing much capital and many individuals. Several of the smaller manufacturers are also unmentioned for want of room. The compiler believes, however, that he has treated the business in terests of the town as fully and fairly as can be reasonably de manded in a work of this magnitude. WEYMOUTH. 601 Bates, and was used as a grist-, saw-, and fulling-mill, probably in two different buildings and a short dis tance apart. After several changes the privileges passed into the possession of the Weymouth Iron Company in 1837, which has since improved them. The Tide-Mill— As early as 1669 the "tyde-mill" is mentioned. In 1682 it is called " Nash's grist mill." In 1696, James Nash, the second of the name, left it to his grandson, James Drake, from whom it passed into possession of the Burrells, and soon after, the Webbs, with whom it remained for a hundred or more years. It was used for mill pur poses until the present generation. It is now dis mantled, and the privilege is not used. Its location was on Mill Cove, on the easterly side of Fore Biver, and not far from the original Weston settlement. TirreWs Mill. — This mill is situated very near the centre of the town, and dates from 1693, when the town granted a permit to Gideon Tirrell to set up a fulling-mill at " blade mill." Whether the latter name refers to the name of the owner or of the kind of a mill previously there is not known. It remained in the family of its original builder until quite re cently, when it was bought by J. Loud & Co., and by them sold to Howe & French, the present owners. Reed's Mill. — Following the course of the stream for about two miles towards its source, where it crosses the old Plymouth road, Reed's mill is found, built probably near the close of the last century by Jere miah Shaw. It came into the hands of Ezra Reed about 1811, and was used as a grist-mill until 1855, when the present building was erected, which was occupied by E. & C. Sherman as a box-factory for a dozen years. The upper mill was built in 1866, and was used as a saw-mill until 1877, when it was leased to Cyrus Sherman and used for the manufacture of boot- and shoe-lasts, at which business he employs about twelve hands. Loud's Mill. — This was probably the oldest mill above Tirrell's. It was built near the beginning of the last century, and was known as Sayle's mill. That family is now extinct in the town. At that period quite a village clustered about this mill, of which only the ruined cellars remain. The present mill was erected in 1836 as a grist-mill by Mr. Loud, where, in 1850, he commenced making boxes. He still carries on the business there, employing about ten persons. This mill is a short distance above the Reed Mill. Vinson's Mill. — This mill, formerly known as Col son's, is located not far from Great Pond, and was erected about 1765. It passed into the hands of Mr. Vinson, and was used as a grist-mill until about 1837-, and afterwards for a time as a bucket- and shingle-mill. The property is now owned by Mr. Elon Sherman, and used as a box-factory, with about fifteen workmen. A few years since the old mill was burned and a new one erected. Mr. Sher man has also, within a year or two, commenced the manufacture of paper cartons for shoes. Dyer's Mill. — This mill is located on Marsh River, on Pleasant Street, and was probably built by William Reed before 1700. . In 1716 it is named in the will of John Porter as the " saw-mill." It subsequently passed into the hands of the Dyers, and was used by them as a grist-mill. It has not been used for mill purposes for about fifty or sixty years. Turnpikes, Railroads, etc. — The primitive means of communication with Boston and other towns was by private conveyance, — horses, ox-wagons, and after wards carriages, — with the sailing packets, the latter being the main dependence for this purpose. From the earliest times the packet was the favorite, being quicker, cheaper, and more convenient, and was in constant use for more than two hundred years, one or two of them always finding ready employment in passengers and freight. As the roads improved, and the needs of the people became greater, the stage coach made its appearance and ran regularly between this town and. Boston, until the necessity of still better roads for the accommodation of the increasing travel became apparent. Turnpikes were projected in various places, and several were proposed that should pass through Weymouth. The conservative element prevailed so strongly that the town strenu ously opposed every attempt to locate one through it, especially those crossing the rivers. Notwithstanding all the endeavors of the town, charters were granted for three. The Weymouth and Braintree Turnpike, crossing from Weymouth Landing southeasterly to Hingham on the line from Boston to Plymouth, was chartered March 4, 1803, and opened for travel in 1805. This was continued for nearly fifty years, when, owing to the changed condition of things with new modes of conveyance, it was thrown upon the town, July 15, 1852, and became a public road, now known as Washington Street. A second, the New Bedford Turnpike, obtained a charter 29th February, 1804, and was laid out from the Weymouth and Braintree turnpike, beginning about a mile from the landing, running nearly south to the Abington line, on the route from Boston to New Bedford. The northerly part of the road was never a paying concern, and before many years it lapsed into private hands and is now Main Street. 602 HISTOBY OF NOBFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. The Hingham. and Quincy Bridge and Turnpike Corporation was chartered 5th Blarch, 1808, and opened for travel, with its two bridges over Fore and Back Bivers connecting Quincy and Hingham, in 1812. These bridges, with their tolls from travelers and tolls to vessels passing through the draws, were a continual source of vexation and contention, which did not cease until the whole property was thrown upon the towns as a public highway, 25th September, 1862. Railroads. — Succeeding these, and the main cause of their failure, came the railroads; and the same spirit that had opposed the turnpike came forward in great strength against the railroad, and the town op posed every attempt to locate one across its territory, but the genius of progress prevailed, and in March, 1844, The Old Colony Railroad received its charter, and located its track across the southwest corner of the town from Braintree to Abington, passing a little south of the village of South Weymouth. The road was speedily built, and was opened for travel 10th November, 1845. The South Shore Railroad soon followed the Old Colony, its charter dating 26th March, 1846, and was opened to the public 1st January, 1849. This road crosses the town near the villages of Weymouth Landing, North Weymouth, and East Weymouth, the principal centres of population and business. It was run at first connecting with the Old Colony at Braintree, and was afterwards hired by the latter. In May, 1877, it was bought by that corporation, and is now one of its branches. The Express Business has grown in a half-cen tury — at the beginning of which private teams were the only means of transportation aside from the sailing packets — until it numbers a dozen companies, employing scores of men and twice as many horses, requiring not far from sixty thousand dollars of capital. The Telegraph and the Telephone have also become indispensable to the wants of the inhabitants, several lines of the former running through the town, and the latter being freely used by many business houses. It also is found very convenient for families. Financial Corporations. — The increase of mer cantile business and the springing up of manufactures consequent upon revival of trade at the beginning of the nineteenth century demanded greater financial facil ities than were previously enjoyed. In the circles immediately concerned there was not capital enough to do the necessary business, and exchanges were dif ficult. As the grand panacea for all these evils banks were proposed and established, and Weymouth did not refuse to encourage such enterprises. Conse quently The Union Bank of Weymouth and Braintree was proposed, one hundred thousand dollars capital con tributed, an act of incorporation obtained, dated March 17, 1832, and the company organized on the 11th of April, with choice of Josiah Vinton, Jr., as president, and commenced business as soon as the necessary details could be arranged. In 1853 an in crease of $50,000 was made to its capital. On Sept. 6, 1864, the bank reorganized under the United States National Banking Act as the Union National Bank of Weymouth, and Jan. 12, 1865, the capital was increased to $300,000 ; and again, April 12, 1869, another $100,000 was added, making its pres ent capital $400,000. It has a building of its own, and has always been located at Weymouth Landing. The First National Bank of South Weymouth was organized Oct. 31, 1864, in consequence of the in crease of business in that part of the town, and to employ a part of the capital rapidly accumulating there. Hon. B. F. White was its first president, and its capital was $150,000. In 1866 it purchased the building it now occupies. The Weymouth and Braintree Institution for Sav ings was incorporated Feb. 16, 1833. The original in corporators named were Asa Webb, Whitcomb Porter, and Warren Weston. It began business the follow ing February, 1834, Dr. Noah Fifield being the first president. By act of Legislature March 19, 1872, its name was changed to Weymouth Savings-Bank. Its assets, Jan. 1, 1883, were $565,432.06. The South Weymouth Savings- Bank was incorpo rated March 6, 1868, in the name of Benjamin F. White and others, and commenced business the fol lowing month. Its assets amounted to $395,176.20 at the last report. The East Weymouth Savings-Bank was incor porated in 1872, and began business. On Jan. 1, 1883, its assets were reported at $247,357.56. The Weymouth aud Braintree Mutual Fire Insur ance Company was incorporated in 1833. Asa Webb was chosen president ; F. A. Kingsbury, sec retary ; and Ezra Loach, treasurer. After fifty years of active business, it is now closing its affairs. Manufactures. — For nearly two hundred years Weymouth was eminently an agricultural community. It had fine, large farms, well cultivated and produc tive. A hundred years ago a much larger proportion of its area was under cultivation than at present, and many of the best farms of that date or earlier are now grown up to wood or bushes. Its dairies were cele- WEYMOUTH. 603 brated throughout the State. With the introduction of manufactures a new condition of things was called into existence, and the young men instead of follow ing the occupation of their fathers began to learn trades, and the farms being neglected, the town grad ually changed from agriculture to manufactures, and is now almost wholly given up to the latter. Boots and Shoes. — This interest largely predomi nates, and employs more men and capital than any other branch of industry. As late as the beginning of the present century there were probably not more than three or four persons who manufactured this class of goods for other than the home market, and those only gave employment to a few apprentices, be sides what they could do themselves. These goods were carried to Boston market either upon the backs of the manufacturers, who made the journey on foot, or else in saddle-bags upon horses. The business gradually increased until it became necessary to use wagons to carry in the goods and bring out mate rials. The beginnings of this trade were at Wey mouth Landing, spreading thence to the north and south villages, reaching latest of all the east, which now surpasses all of the others in the magnitude of its business in this line. It was a whole generation before it became necessary to employ a " baggage wagon," the clumsy pioneer of the present express, and the buildings used in carrying on the manufacture would hardly suffice for offices at the present day, the goods being made wholly at the homes of the workmen, nearly all of whom had little shops in or near their dwellings, the work being prepared and packed only, at the factory. As late as 1840, it was a large factory that produced five hundred dollars' worth of goods in the week. About that period South Weymouth re ceived an impetus from its Southern trade (some of its manufacturers having gone to New Orleans and established sales-rooms in that city), which placed it far ahead of its rivals at the Landing and North Weymouth. The increase in the volume of the busi ness was, however, very large in all parts of the town, especially after the opening of California, in 1849 ; and the large demand from that State for this class of manufactures the town was forward to meet. From these small beginnings the trade has increased until there are now forty establishments, employing up wards of two thousand five hundred persons, and using more than a million dollars of capital. The annual production of the various classes of goods is about four millions of dollars in value. Six or eight of these factories furnish work for one hundred to five hundred people each. Iron. — In the spring of 1771 iron ore, in sufficient ' quantities to pay well for gathering, began to be found in the ponds of the town, and a contract was made with Thomas Hobart, of Abington, by a public sale, for the ore found in Great Pond at forty shillings per ton, with an agreement to defend him against any claims for damages that might be advanced by other parties who might contest the town's right to the ore; a committee was also chosen by the town to prosecute any others who should be found taking ore from this pond. This contract remained in force until the 20 th of May, 1773, when a lease was given to Mr. Hobart for thirty years, at sixty pounds per year, for the privilege of taking ore from Great, Whitman's, and Whortlebury Ponds. Ore has been found at various times and places besides, and attempts made to utilize it, but the quantities were so small and the expense of getting it so great that competition with more favored deposits could not be maintained, and the enterprises were abandoned. After the expira tion of Mr. Hobart's lease the town appears to have made no other. The East Weymouth Iron Company is one of the largest manufacturing establishments in the town. It was incorporated 4th March, 1837, with a capital of one hundred and fifty thousand dollars, which has since been increased to three hundred thousand dol lars. It owns the splendid water privilege at Bank River, at the foot of Whitman's Pond. For many years it was exceedingly prosperous, making enormous dividends. From various causes its business gradu ally declined, and it ceased for a time to pay a profit, but quite recently its trade has begun to revive and its prospects are again more encouraging. At present it manufactures only nails, and these have a very wide reputation. It employs two hundred and seventy-five men when running full. Fish Company. — In the early part of the seven teenth century a company was formed by a number of the prominent men of the town for the purpose of carrying on "a fishing trade to Cape Sables," and the town granted to it the use of " so much of Hunt's Hill, with the lowland and beach adjoining, at the mouth of Fore River, as may be necessary for the purpose." As far as the record shows, this was the first joint-stock company formed in the town. Of its history but little is known. After this, by nearly a century, came the " Wey mouth Commercial Company," in 1805, formed for the purpose of carrying on a foreign and domestic trade. This company employed a capital of not far from twenty thousand dollars, the shares of the several stockholders varying from three hundred to three 604 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. thousand dollars each, Eliphalet Loud, Esq., being the treasurer. It owned several vessels, among which were the ' ship " Commerce," Capt. Joseph Tirrell, the brig " Adamant," and the schooner " Venus." This company does not appear to have had a prolonged existence. Ice Companies. — The ice business is carried on to considerable extent, there being several companies in various parts of the town engaged in supplying the local demand, while the " South Boston Ice Com pany" cuts large quantities for export. The ice-houses of the latter are located at Great Pond, and have a holding capacity of forty thousand tons, from which they ship to Boston about twenty-five thousand tons annually. The season for cutting lasts from four to six weeks, during which the company employs from seventy-five to one hundred and fifty men, and from twenty to thirty horses, the quality of the ice being the finest in the market. The company commenced business here in 1874. Lumber, Grain, and Coal. — The navigable waters bordering the northern part of the town have ever been improved by the inhabitants as sources of con venience and profit in the transportation of passengers and freight. From the early settlement sailing ves sels ran with more or less regularity between this town and Boston, as well as other places about the bay, but it was not until the present century that there began to be anything like commercial adven ture. Quite early in the nineteenth century the lum ber trade was opened with the Maine ports, and several freights annually came into Fore Biver. After 1820 the trade increased rapidly, and Weymouth Landing became the market for the lumber traffic of the towns lying to the southward for many miles. The business was carried on with enterprise and success for many years, and was a source of profit to the village, until the opening of the railroads diverted much of this trade to other places. There is still, however, a large business done in this line at the Landing. Follow ing the opening of the lumber traffic the importa tion of grain from New York and other places was begun, and soon after, coal became a staple com modity. All of these branches of business have been continued until the present, and are now prose cuted largely and successfully by several concerns, who employ large numbers of men and many vessels, and it is no uncommon sight to witness lying at the wharves half a dozen vessels ladened with coal and lumber, some of them carrying a freight of four or five hundred tons each. Among the various industrial interests not before named are the " Bradley Fertilizer Company," formed in 1872, for the purpose of manufacturing various kinds of fertilizers, successors of William L. Bradley, who had previously been engaged in the same busi ness for eleven years. The company owns a large tract of land upon Eastern Neck, the northernmost point on the mainland of Weymouth, upon which they have erected about thirty buildings, with wharves and landings, where they employ about one hundred and seventy-five men, and are manufacturing about sixty thousand tons of their productions in the year. They also own and use the tow-boat " Peter B. Bradley," the largest and strongest in Boston Harbor, with five'" lighters," two of three hundred tons each, one of two hundred tons, and two of one hundred tons each ; also a brig of three hundred and fifty tons. Ship Building. — Although Weymouth has been during most of its history largely interested in mer cantile marine affairs, owning vessels and furnishing men, yet it has never been largely engaged in the con struction of these vessels. About half a century ago a ship-yard was established at Weymouth Landing by Atherton W. Tilden, which he carried on for a few years, and built a number of vessels of various sizes, some of several hundred tons burden. From that time until 1876 but little if anything was done at, the business. In the latter year N. Porter Keen commenced the construction of vessels in Old Spain, near Hunt's Hill, and since that time he has built eleven vessels, sail and steam, averaging a cost of about forty thousand dollars each. There is on the stocks at present a large vessel intended for a four-masted schooner (since launched). Mr. Keen employs about thirty men. The Bay State Hammock Company, Augustus Beals, proprietor, has a factory in " Old Spain." Com menced in 1876, making about two hundred per year, and now produces twenty-five thousand annually, employing about fifty workmen. Howe and Frencli purchased, about ten years since, the old Tirrell Mill, where they manufacture fish glue, working about five months in the year, and em ploying about seventy individuals. Fire- Works. — About the year 1850, Edmund S. Hunt, of this town, began his first experiments in the manufacture of fire-works, but it was not until 1856 that the business was fairly established. Since that time it has been carried on with success, and has a well-earned reputation for the quality and variety of its productions. The factory is at Weymouth Landing, and in the busy season employs about thirty opera tives. Tanning and Currying. — In former days these WEYMOUTH. 605 branches of business were carried on in many small establishments scattered in various parts of the town, but these have nearly all disappeared, and are repre sented by three concerns, who employ in all from twenty to thirty men. One of these factories, that of W. Humphrey & Co., has been in existence, under various owners, for considerably more than a hundred years. There are also three firms occupied in extracting the oil from the calf-skin skirtings collected at the boot- and shoe-factories, and in bleaching them. This business employs eight men, and extracts about two tons of grease per week. The work is done at East Weymouth. At South Weymouth, Clarence A. Hunt has a ¦ large factory, in which during the trade season he employs one hundred and twenty hands, mostly girls and young men, in the production of various kinds of mittens and gloves, including all kinds of leather and yarn work, about one hundred dozen being a day's work. There are are also many small manufacturers of different kinds of which space will permit only the mention, among them a furniture factory at North Weymouth, a factory at East Weymouth for the can ning of fruits, vegetables, and meats, several stamp ing and gilding establishments ; also others for making heels and counters for boots and shoes. CHAPTEB LIV. WEYMOUTH— (Continued). Military Record, 1861-65.— The following rec ord of soldiers sent by the town of Weymouth; Mass., into the Union service during the great Rebellion of 1861-65, with the exception of a few errors corrected by the compiler, is taken chiefly from the town archives, kept in accordance with acts of the Massachusetts Legislature, approved March 7 and April 29, 1863, and is believed to be substantially correct. There are, doubtless, errors and omissions, as it is almost neces sary there must be in such compilations, judging from the universal experience of the past. Names are extremely liable to error, since there are so many ways of spelling the same. Dates also are sources of difficulty, as all know who have ever attempted to verify them. Defective memories are exceedingly fruitful in mistakes in matters that are not made the subject of record at the time of their occurrence. Much care and labor have been bestowed upon this list, yet it claims to be at best but a good basis upon which to rest a full and thorough history of " Wey mouth during the Rebellion," and is perhaps suffi ciently accurate for ordinary purposes. A great many of the men here enumerated served in other organizations during the war than that to which they are credited ; to name them all would extend the work too much for the general purpose ; that here given is usually one in which the first en listment was made. The rank named is the highest held during the term of service, without regard to the organization in which it was held. When no State is named Massachusetts is understood, and the alphabeti cal arrangement has been used to facilitate reference. The necessary abbreviations will be readily understood. The name being first given, then the rank, afterwards the branch of service, and last, casualties where any occurred.Abbott, Luther C, 8th Regt., Maine. Adams, George M., sergt., 35th Regt., Co. H. Adlington, Stephen L., private, 35th Regt., Co. H. Adlington, Walter S., private, 11th Regt., Co. F; died. Allen, Charles I-I., private, 42d Regt., Co. A. Allison, Walter, private at Watertown Arsenal. Ames, William F., 1st Conn. Cav. Andrews, Edward G-, private, 12th Regt., Co. H. Atkinson, James, private, 12th Regt., Co. H. Bailey, Christopher C, Corp., 12th Regt., Co. H. Bailey, Orestes L., private, 4th Cav. Baker, Andrew J.j private, 3d Heavy Art. Baker, Calvin R., private, 33d Regt'., Co. K. Baker, Charles H., musician, 4th Heavy Art., Co. G. Baker, Howard, private, 42d Regt., Co. A. Baker, William H., private, 13th Regt., Co. H ; killed. Baldwin, Everett, private, 12th Regt. Barnes, Ferdinand J., Corp., 35th Regt., Co. H. Barnes, Robert B., private, 16th Light Bat. Bartlett, George, private, 42d Regt., Co. A. Bates, Albert, private, 12th Regt., Co. H. Bates, Alfred L., private, 12th Regt., Co. H. Bates, Charles W., private, 42d Regt., Co. A. Bates, Elijah R., navy. Bates, James L-, brig.-gen., 12th Regt., Co. H ; wounded. Bates, John F., private, 13th Regt., Co. K. Bates, John W., lieut., 4th Heavy Art., Co. G. Bates, Leavett, sergt., 42d Regt., Co. A. Bates, Levi L., private, 4th Heavy Art., Co. G. Bates, Lewis D. Bates, Samuel A., private, 12th Regt., Co. H. Bates, Stephen, private, 12th Regt., Co. H. Bates, William L., private, 42d Regt., Co. A. Beals, Elias F., Corp., 12th Regt., Co. H ; wounded. Bearce, Simeon, private, 35th Regt., Co. H. Beard, Austin P., private, 35th Regt., Co. H ; wounded. Beaulieu, Moses, private, 11th Regt. Belcher, Alfred C, private, 1st Cav. Bicknell, Anson F., eorp., 4th Heavy Art., Co. G. Bicknell, Charles E-, corp., 35th Regt., Co. H ; wounded. Bicknell, Francis A., major, 35th Regt., Co. H; wounded. Bicknell, Frederick T., private, 35th Regt., Co. H; prisoner; died. Bicknell, George W., private, 14th Regt., Co. F ; wounded ; died. 606 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. Bicknell, John Q.. 43d Regt., Co. B. Bienville, Lewis, private, 11th Regt. Bingham, Clarence V. Binney, Isaac II., private, 12th Regt., Co. H. Binney, John, sergt., 42d Regt., Co. A. Birmingham, Matthew, private, 12th Regt., Co. H; wounded. Birmingham, Richard. Blackman, John H., private, 12th Regt., Co. H; killed. Blanchard, Alonzo, private, 12th Regt., Co. H. Blanchard, Alonzo W., private, 42d Regt., Co. A. Blanchard, Charles B-, private, 35th Regt., Co. H; prisoner; died. Blanchard, Frank, private, 4th Heavy Art., Co. G. Blanchard, George W., private, 42d Regt., Co. A. Blanchard, James B-, private, 42d Regt., Co. A. Blanchard, John, private, 32d Regt., Co. G. Blanchard, John, Jr., sergt., 4th Heavy Art., Co. G. Blanchard, Mark M., private. Blanchard, Otis S., private, 35th Regt., Co. H. Blanchard, 0. S.,' private, 58th Regt., Co. G; killed. Blanchard, Thomas S., private, 32d Regt., Co. A. Boodrue, John, 43d Regt., Co. B. Bourne, Ezekiel P., private, 12th Regt., Co. H. Bourne, L. V., private, 2d Art., Co. H; died. Bowditch, Frederick H., musician, 42d Regt., Co. A. Bowker, James B., private, 12th Regt., Co. H ; prisoner. Brady, Thomas, private, 29th Regt., Co. B. Bragg, Ira W., surgeon, navy ; died. Bresnahan, Michael, private, 42d Regt., Co. A. Briggs, Charles E., private, 14th Light Bat. Briggs, Henry H., private, 8th Vet. Regt., Co. G. Briggs, John H., private, 12th Regt., Co. H. Brooks, Spencer L., sergt., 12th Regt., Co. H. Brown, Dennis, private, 9th Regt., Co. D; accidentally killed. Brown, George, navy. Brown, James, navy. Bryant, James A., eorp., 4th Heavy Art., Co. G; prisoner. Buckmaster, Michael, private, 4th Heavy Art., Co. G. Buker, Leonard E., sergt., 32d Regt., Co. F. Burns, Francis D., private, 12th Regt., Co. H. Burns, John W., private, 12th Regt., Co. H ; prisoner. Burrell, Charles H., private, 3d Cav., Co. I; wounded. Burrell, David B., lieut., 12th Regt., Co. H; killed. Burrell, John G., private, 4th Heavy Art., Co. G. Burrell, John P., lieut., 42d Regt., Co. A. Burrell, Joseph H-, Jr., private, 4th Heavy Art., Co. G. Burrell, W. L-, private, 1st Heavy Art., Co. M ; killed. Burrell, Martin D., private, 35th Regt., Co. H ; prisoner. Burrell, Martin J., lieut., 42d Regt., Co. A. Burrell, Oliver, lieut., 35th Regt., Co. H. Burrell, Richmond. Burrell, Richmond P., private, 4th Heavy Art., Co. G. Burrell, Samuel E., private, 4th Heavy Art., Co. G. Burrell, William L., private, 14th Heavy Art. ; killed. Cady, Benjamin L., private, 35th Regt., Co. H; wounded. Cady, Lorenzo, private, 1st Heavy Art. Cahill, Thomas, private, 4th Cav. ; killed. Cain, Leonard W., musician, 56th Regt., Co. C. Cain, Stephen, musician, 56th Regt., Co. C. Calnan, John. Canterbury, William, musician, 12th Regt. Carey, Timothy, private, 4th Heavy Art., Co. G. Carney, Thomas, private, 30th Regt. ; died. Carney, William, private, 35th Regt., Co. H. Carter, Galen A., private, 16th Regt.; wounded and died. Carroll, John, private, 3d Bat., R. I. Carrol], John, navy. Carroll, Michael, private, 42d Regt., Co. A. Cougblan, Thomas, private, 42d Regt., Co. A. Chandler, Bradford, private, 4th Heavy Art., Co. G. Chapman, Daniel L., private, 35th Regt., Co. H; wounded. Chase, Abial H., corp., 42d Regt., Co. A. Chessman, E, B., private, 32d Regt., Co. H; died. Childs, John, private, 3d Heavy Art. Churchill, Joshua F., private, 12th Regt, Co. H; wounded. Churchill, Julius R., private, 32d Regt., Co. G. Clapp, Loring 0., private, 42d Regt., Co. A. Clapp, William H., private, 4th Heavy Art., Co. G. Clark, Albert, private, 12th Regt., Co. H. Coburn, Hiram S., capt., 42d Regt., Co. A. Cokeley, Dennis, private, 9th Regt., Co. D. Cokeley, Humphrey, private, 35th Regt., Co. H; wounded. Coleman, Thomas, private, 24th Regt. Collet, Frederick, sergt., 4th Heavy Art., Co. G. Colson, Frederick B., private, 1st Cav., Co. K. Conner, Daniel, private, 4th Heavy Art., Co. G. Conners, Patrick, private, 42d Regt., Co. A. Cook, Thomas W., private, 35th Regt., Co. H ; deserted. Coolidge, Amos R., private, 16th Light Bat. Coolidge, Francis E., private, 12th Regt., Co. C; killed. Coolidge, Frederick, private, 42d Regt., Co. A. Coolidge, George H., private, 11th Regt., Co. K; died. Coolidge, Richard S., private, 11th Regt., Co. G; deserted. Coolidge, William F., private, 11th Regt., Co. K. Corban, Frank, private, 4th Regt., Co. C. Corban, Roswell L., private, 4th Heavy Art., Co. G. Corr, Owen, navy. Cotter, Patrick, private, 4th Cav. ; died. Coughlan, Thomas, 42d Regt., Co. A. Cowing, Charles G., private, 42d Regt., Co. A. Cowing, Henry V., private, 11th Regt., Co. F; prisoner. Crocker, Charles A., private, 35th Regt, Co. H; killed. Crocker, Elery C, sergt, 42d Regt, Co. A. Crocker, Enoch, private, 11th Regt, Co. F; killed. Cronin, Patrick. Cudworth, Benjamin, private, 42d Regt, Co. D. Cully, Andrew, private, 4th Heavy Art, Co. G. Cummings, William L., private, 4th Cav., Co. D ; prisoner. Cunningham, John, private, 12th Regt, Co. H ; wounded. Curtis, Charles II., private, 12th Regt, Co. H. Cushing, Alanson B., navy. Cushing, Alfred T., private, 35th Regt, Co. H ; wounded. Cushing, Charles E., corp., 12th Regt, Co. H ; prisoner and died. Cushing, David W., private, 35th Regt, Co. H; killed. Cushing, Edward, private, 12th Regt, Co. H ; wounded. Cushing, Elbridge G., private, 4th Heavy Art, Co. G. Cushing, Francis H., private, 42d Regt, Co. A. Cushing, Frederick 0., private, 4th Heavy Art., Co. G. Cushing, George A., private, 42d Regt., Co. A. Cushing, George C, private, 4th Heavy Art, Co. G. Cushing, George F., private, 16th Light Bat. Cushing, Henry F., private, 35th Regt, Co. H; wounded. Cushing, John F., corp., 42d Regt, Co. A. Cushing, Thomas B., private, 12th Regt, Co. B; killed. Cushing, William E., private, 11th Regt, Co. F. Cushing, William N., private, 42d Regt., Co. A. Cushing, William N. (2d), private, 14th Regt., Co. K. Cushing, William Newton, private, 2d Cav. Daffy, Thomas, private, 42d Regt., Co. D. Daggett, Henry T., private, 1st Cav. Dailey, Israel A., private, 4th Heavy Art, Co. G. Dallof, Albert W., private, 35th Regt., Co. H ; wounded. WEYMOUTH. 607 Dalton, John W., private, 35th Regt, Co. H. Daly, Dennis, private, 1st Regt. Dame, Joseph T., private, 32d Regt., Co. F ; killed. Damon, Albert, Co. H ; wounded. Damon, Isaac B., private, 2d Regt. Damon, Joshua F., private, 12th Regt, Co. H. Damon, Proctor A., private, 1st U. Heavy Art. Damon, Zachariah, private, 35th Regt, Co. H; died. Davidson, Albert, private, 13th Regt, Co: C. Davis, George R., private, 12th Regt, Co. H. Davis, Horatio A., corp., 4th Heavy Art, Co. G. Davis, John, private, 35th Regt, Co. H ; died. Davis, Leonard I., private, 16th Light Bat. Davon, Michael, private, 10th Conn. Regt. ; wounded. Davy, Manning, private, 38th Regt., Co. H. Davy, William II., at Watertown Arsenal. Day, Greenleaf, musician, 4th Cav. Day, J. H., private, 6th Bat. ; died. Day, James B., private ; died. Day, Joshua D., corp., 12th Regt, Co. H. Dean, Benjamin R., private, 4th Heavy Art, Co. G. Dean, Seth, private, Cabot's Art Deere, Elias H, private, 12th Regt, Co. C. ; wounded. Delawney, Michael, private, 9th Regt, Co. C. Denbroeder, Adrianus, private, 42d Regt, Co. A. Denton, Samuel C, musician, 56th Regt, Co. A. Derby, Alden, private, 12th Regt., Co. H ; wounded. Derby, Franklin, sergt, 4th Cav., Co. B. Derby, George, private, 12th Regt, Co. H, Derby, Loring W., sergt, 12th Regt, Co. H. Derby, Thomas, Jr., sergt, 42d Regt, Co. A. Deselit, Louis. Deshon, Jason L., sergt., 12th Regt, Co. H; killed. Doble, George H., private, 4th Heavy Art, Co. G. Doherty, Bernard, private, 42d Regt., Co. A. Donahoe, Stephen, private, 4th Heavy Art, Co. G. Donnelly, Frank, private, 9th Regt ; killed. Donnelly, J. Michael, private, 28th Regt. ; killed. Donovan, Malachi, private, 9th Regt. ; deserted. Donovan, Michael, navy. Doran, Daniel, private, 33d Regt, Co. M. Downey, Thomas, private, lfith Regt Duffy, Bichard, private, 42d Regt, Co. A. Dunbar, Charles H., lieut, 35th Regt, Co. H ; wounded. Dunbar, David, Corp., 4th Heavy Art., Co. G. Duiibar, James D., private, 12th Regt, Co. H; prisoner. Dunbar, Warren, private, 12th Regt, Co. E. Dunbar, Willard J., private, 42d Regt., Co. A. Dunn, John, Corp., 14th Regt, Co. K. Davall, Lewis, private, 32d Regt, Co. A ; deserted. Dyer, William H., private, 35th Regt, Co. H. Earl, Daniel C, corp., 42d Regt, Co. A. Early, Edward, navy. Estes, Eli H., oorp., 42d Regt. Estes, Herbert E., private, 42d Regt., Co. A. Estes, Samuel, private, 35th Regt, Co. H ; wounded. Fahey, Edward A., sergt, 4th Heavy Art., Co. G. Fairbanks, George E., private, 42d Regt, Co. A. Fairbanks, Gerry, private, 16th Light Batt. Farmer, Charles H., private, Signal Corps. Farmer, William H., private, 4th Heavy Art, Co. G. Farren, G. W., private, 4th Cav., Co. B ; prisoner. Faulkner, Harrison, private, 4th Heavy Art., Co. G. Fearing, Israel J., private, 14th Regt, Co. F ; prisoner and died. Fennell, James, private, 42d Regt, Co. A. Eennell, John,' sergt, 25th Regt, Co. A; wounded. Fitzgerald, Patrick, private, 11th Regt; killed. Fleming, Michael, private, 11th Regt; killed. Flynn, John, navy. Fogarty, William, private, 42d Regt, Co. A. Ford, Charles T., private, 3d Heavy Art Ford, James B., private, 19th Regt, Co. I; wounded. Ford, Joseph B., wagoner, 42d Regt., Co. A. Ford, Michael, private, 4th Heavy Art, Co. G. Forrest, Michael A., private, 2d Regt, Co. I. Foss, Benjamin F., private, 11th Regt, Co. F; killed. Fox, Owen, private, 42d Regt, Co. A. Foye, Samuel S., private, 35th Regt, Co. H. Fraher, Patrick, private, 2d Heavy Art, Co. D ; prisoner and died. French, George W., Corp., 12th Regt, Co. H ; wounded. French, Samuel L., private, 12th Regt, Co. H ; died. Furness, John. Gamage, Theodore A., private, 12th Regt, Co. H. Gammons, Frederick, private, 35th Regt, Co. H; prisoner and died. Gannett, Charles E., sergt., 35th Regt, Co. H ; died. Gannett, Joseph H., private, 12th Regt, Co. H. Gardner, Edward B., private, 35th Regt, Co. H ; wounded. Gardner, George L., private, 4th Heavy Art, Co. G. Gardner, Henry A., private, 4th Heavy Art, Co. G. Gardner, Jacob, Jr., private, 12th Regt, Co. H. Gardner, Jason, musician, 35th Regt, Co. H. Garey, Andrew J., capt., 12th Regt, Co. H ; wounded. Garvin, Edward, private, 33d Regt. Gay, JohnO., private, 4th Heavy Art., Co. G. Gay, Samuel E., sergt, 42d Regt, Co. A. Gerrold, Alexander M., navy. Gibbs, Benjamin S., private, 12th Regt, Co. E ; wounded. Gibbs, Eiisha J., lieut, 4th Heavy Art, Co. G. Gillinghan, James R., private, 12th Regt, Co. H. Gillinghan, John, private, 4th Heavy Art, Co. G. Gloster, Patrick, private, 35th Regt, Co. H. Goldthwait, Charles, private, 35th Regt, Co. H. Goodwin, John M., at Watertown Arsenal. Goodwin, Samel D., private, 12th Regt, Co. D. Goodwin, William A., private, 4th Heavy Art, Co. G. Goodwin, William H., private, Nim's Bat, Co. B. Gordon, Joseph. Gorman, John, private, 36th Regt, N. Y-, Co. K ; wounded. Gove, Andrew S., at Watertown Arsenal. Grant, Thomas, private, 12th Regt, Co. D ; wounded. Graves, George D., private, 18th Regt Graves, Joshua. Gunning, Amos J., private, 35th Regt, Co. H ; wounded. Gustin, George A. Hackett, Patrick, private, 9th Regt; killed. Hall, Edward W., private, 7th Regt., Co. F ; died. Halligan, Edward, private, 4th Heavy Art, Co. G. Halloran, James, private, 35th Regt, Co. H ; wounded. Haley, John, navy. Hamilton, Lucius M., musician, 12th Regt., Co. H ; died. Hamilton, Otis R., private, 14th Regt, Co. K. Hanley, Michael (2d), private, 31st Regt Harding, Elsworth M., private, 4th Regt., Co. C. Harrington, Isaac N-, private, 60th Regt. Harrington, Minot J., private, 42d Regt, Co. A. Harrington, William, private, 1st Heavy Art. Hart, John W., private, 3d Heavy Art. Hart, Michael, 3d Heavy Art Hastings, Charles W., capt, 12th Regt, Co. H ; prisoner. 608 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. Hawes, Bradford, private, 1st Cav,, Co. K. Hawes, Charles, private, 35th Regt., Co. H ; wounded. Hayden, Albert C, private, 35th Regt., Co. H ; -vounded. Hayden, George F., private, 12th Regt, Co. H ; wounded. Hayward, Charles W., private, 28th Regt, Co. G; prisoner. Hayward, Isaiah T., private, 12th Regt, Co. H. Heald, Lysander, private, 4th Heavy Art, Co. G. Healy, Cornelius, 12th Regt, Co. A : killed. Healy, George R., private, 13th Regt, Co. C ; died. Healy, Henry, private, 14th Regt, Co. K; wounded. Healy, James H., private, 42d Regt, Co. A. Healy, William, private, 4th Heavy Art, Co. G. Hennessey, John, private, 3d Regt U. S. Reg., Co. E ; wounded. Hersey, Daniel D., private, 32d Regt, Co. F ; died. Hersey, William S. Hersey, Wilson D., private, 18th Regt, Co. K; died. Hesse, Augustus, private, 9th Bat. Hewitt, Henry, private, 4th Cav., Co. B ; prisoner and died. Hickey, Kenneth, private, 12th Regt, Co. E. Higgins, Lucius. Higgins, Michael, private, 42d Regt. Hill, Boyle D., private, 35th Regt., Co. H. Hobart, Otis M., private, 1st U. Heavy Art Hobart, Thomas P., Corp., 42d Regt., Co. A. Hobill, Ralph, private, 11th R,egt, Co. I; wounded and died. Hocking, William H., private, 14th Regt, Co. K. Holbrook, George, Corp., 4th Heavy Art, Co. G. Holbrook, George A., private, 12th Regt, Co. H ; wounded. Holbrook, Jeremiah, private, 4th Heavy Art, Co. G. Holbrook, John Q. A., private, 42d Regt., Co. D. Holbrook, Richard M., private, 35th Regt, Co. H. Holbrook, William, private, 4th Heavy Art, Co. G. Holbrook, William A., private, 4th Cav., Co. E; died. Holbrook, William 0., private, 4th Heavy Art, Co. G. Hollis, Adoniram B., corp., 35th Regt, Co. II. Hollis, Asaph L., private, 12th Regt., Co. H ; wounded. Hollis, George, private, 4th Heavy Art., Co. G. Hollis, Henry S., private, 35th Regt, Co. H; wounded and died. Hollis, Isaac N., Jr., private, 4th Heavy Art, Co. G. Hollis, John F., private, 4th Heavy Art, Co. G. Hollis, John 0., private, 4th Heavy Art, Co. G. Hollis, John Q., private, 42d Regt, Co. A. Hollis, Leroy S., private, 4th Regt., Co. C. Holmes, Jesse H., private, 35th Regt., Co. H. Holmes, Lyman T., sergt, 35th Regt, Co. H; killed. Holmes, Marcus M., private, 11th Regt., Co. G; wounded. Hope, John, private, 24th Regt, Co. K ; wounded. Houghton, Edzel, private, 16th Light Bat. Houghton, Oliver, private, 16th Light Bat. Howard, Henry, private. Humphrey, Clinton C, private, 8th Bat. Hunt, Henry N., private, 1st U. Heavy Art Hunt, James L., private, 35th Regt, Co. H. Hunt, John Q., Corp., 35th Regt., Co. H; killed. Hunt, Samuel W., private, 4th Heavy Art, Co. G. Hunt, Webster W., 4th Heavy Art. Hunt, William, private, 12th Regt., Co. E. Jacobs, Daniel, private, 1st Cav. Jackson, Nelson S., private, 14th Regt., Co. K ; prisoner and died. Jaquith, Reuben, private, 16th Light Bat Jones, Charles G., private, 12th Regt, Co. H. Jones, Granville R. Jones, James G., 1st Heavy Art, Co. M ; died. Josephs, Uriel, corp., 42d Regt, Co. A ; died. Joy, George E., private, 42d Regt, Co. A. Joy, Walter H., musician, 4th Heavy Art., Co. G, Joyce, E. L., private, 1st Heavy Art., Co. M ; killed. Keating, Thomas H., musician, 12th Regt., Co. H. Keep, William J., private, 12th Regt., Co. H. Keily, Timothy, private. Kelley, Thomas, private, 42d Regt, Co. C. Kendrigan, Edward, private, 3d Cav. Kenney, Bernard, private, 3d Heavy Art. Kennison, Benjamin R., private, 12th Regt., Co. H. Kerr, Owen, private, 28th Regt, Co. C; wounded. Kilburn, Charles E., private, 1st Cav.; wounded and supposed dead. Kimball, Selden, private, 16th Light Bat. Kingman, Nathan, private, 12th Regt, Co. H. Kirby, Patrick, private, 7th Regt. Kittridge, Paul C, private, 12th Regt, Co. H; died. Knights, Edward, private, 35th Heavy Art, Co. A. La Forrest, Frederick, private, 4th Regt Lajoye, Joseph, private, 12th Regt, Co. D ; killed. Lamson, Daniel, sergt, 35th Regt., Co. H ; killed. Lane, S. Cushing, engineer, navy. Lane, Parker E., private, 4th Regt, Co. C. Lane, Webster, engineer, navy. Lantz, David J., private, 42d Regt., Co. A; prisoner. Larmay, Joseph, private, 12th Regt, Co. H ; wounded. Larmay, Leander. Lary, William, private, 4th Heavy Art, Co. G. Lathrop, Hiram G., private, 12th Regt Lathrop, Washington I., private, 13th Regt., Co. F; killed. Leach, Adnah G-, private, 42d Regt, Co. A. Leach, Ezra W., private, 42d Regt, Co. A. Lemar, Joseph, private, 11th Regt, Co. E ; wounded. Leonard, Alonzo H., corp., 4th Heavy Art, Co. G. Leonard, Charles H., private, 4th Heavy Art, Co. G. Leonard, Charles M., private, 11th Regt, Co. F. Leonard, John, 22d Regt ; died. Lewis, Edward, lieut, 12th Regt, Co. H. Lewis, George F., private, 12th Regt, Co. H ; killed. Lewis, William A., private, 38th Regt, Co. D ; killed. Lewis, William H., private, 12th Regt., Co. H. Lincoln, Daniel, private, 32d Regt., Co. A. Lincoln, Daniel W., private, 4th Regt., Co. C. Lincoln, Samuel, private, 42d Regt, Co. A. Lindsley, Frederick, at Watertown Arsenal. Lines, Patrick, private, 24th Regt. Linnell, Samuel D., private, 2d Heavy Art, Co. L. Linton, Augustus A., private, 11th Regt., Co. E. Linton, E. Frank, private, 11th Regt, Co. F. Littlefield, Lemuel P., private, 14th Regt., Co. K; wounded and died. Livingston, George H., private, 42d Regt., Co. A. Lloyd, Charles S., lieut, 35th Regt, Co. H. Londergan, Thomas, private, 42d Regt, Co. A. Long, William, private, 12th Regt, Co. H. Loring, Benjamin J., 5th Regt., Co. G. Loring, Charles H., private, 35th Regt., Co. H. Loubey, Edward, private, 11th Regt; missing. Loud, Byron W., private, 12th Regt., Co. H. Loud, Francis M., private, 12th Regt., Co. H. Loud, John A., private, 42d Regt, Co. A. Loud, John F., sergt., 32d Regt, Co. F ; wounded. Loud, Josiah E., private, U. Cav., Co. A. Loud, Livingston W., private, 42d Regt., Co. A. Loud, Samuel R., private, 4th Heavy Art., Co. G. Loud, Thomas B., private, 35th Regt., Co. H. Loud, William E., private, 4th Heavy Art, Co. G. WEYMOUTH. 609 Louney, Daniel E., private, 63d Regt., N. Y., Co. C; wounded, prisoner, died, Lovell, Benjamin S., private, 42d Regt., Co. A. Lovell, Frank G., private, 4th Heavy Art, Co. G. Lovell, George, private, 16th Regt. Lovell, Jacob R., private, 4th Heavy Art, Co. G. Lovell, James A., private, 4th Heavy Art, Co. G. Lovell, William L., private, 42d Regt, Co, A. Lynch, Patrick, private, 9th Regt, Co. H. Lyon, George P., capt, 12th Regt, Co. H. Macauley, Matthew, private, 12th Regt., Co. H; prisoner. Mahan, Jerry, private. Makepeace, Horace M., 42d Regt, Co. D. Mangorr, Charles, private. Mann, George H., private, 35th Regt, Co. H. Marden, Lewis C, Corp., 42d Regt, Co. A ; died. Marden, Newell, private, 29th Regt, Co. H. Marlow, Peter, private, 1st Regt. Martin, Edwin, private, 4th Heavy Art, Co. G. Mason, Adoniram J., lieut, 35th Regt, Co. H. May, John D., private, 4th Heavy Art, Co. G. Maynard, George P., eorp., 12th Regt, Co. H. McAllister, Samuel A., 16th Regt, Co. G; died. McArdle, Patrick A., private, 12th Regt, Co. H. McAuliffe, Dennis, private, 9th Regt, Co. I; killed. McCarthy, John, private, 42d Regt, Co. A. McCarthy, John, private, 9th Regt, Co. B. McCauley, Dennis. McCue, Patrick, private, 14th Regt, Co. H. McDavitt, William, private, 16th Light Bat. McGill, John, private, 35th Regt., Co. H ; deserted. McGill, Stephen, private, 42d Regt., Co. A. McGrath, Michael, private, 42d Regt, Co. A. McGuire, James, private. McGuire, Patrick, private, 9th Regt, Co. K. McGuire, Thomas, private, 9th Regt, Co. I. McKenzie, Daniel B., private, 42d Regt, Co. A. MoMakens, John, private, 12th Regt, Co. H ; wounded, McMorrow, Charles J., private, 11th Regt., Co. G; wounded. Merchant, William F., private, 12th Regt., Co. H; wounded. Miller, Alonzo R., private, 4th Heavy Art., Co. G. Mitchell, George W., private, 12th Regt, Co. H. Mitchell, William, private, 12th Regt, Co. H. Moore, Martin F., private, 16th Light Bat ; died. Moran, James F., private, 4th Heavy Art, Co. G. Moran, William H., private, 3d Heavy Art. Morgan, Thomas T., private, 11th Regt, Co. E. Morrell, Charles A., lieut, 35th Regt, Co. H. Morrell, Charles G., corp., 35th Regt, Co. H. Morrison, James, private, 4th Heavy Art, Co. G. Moulton, Harrison, private, 2d Light Bat., Co. B. Munroe, Alfred C, private, 12th Regt, Co. H; wounded. Murphy, Eugene. Murphy, Jeremiah, private, 4th Heavy Art., Co. G. Murphy, Martin, private, 9th Regt, Co. B; wounded. Murphy, Terence, private, 35th Regt, Co. H. Murphy, Timothy. Murphy, William H., private, 32d Regt, Co. A ; wounded. Nash, Aaron P., Jr., private, 12th Regt, Co. C ; wounded. Nash, Elbridge, private, 44th Regt. Nash, Franklin A., private, 42d Regt., Co. A. Nash, William C, private, 16th Light Bat Nightingale, Thomas J., private, 11th Regt, Co. K. Nolan, Daniel, private, 16th Light Bat. Nolan, James, private, 16th Light Bat. Norton, Royal, private, 4th Heavy Art, Co. G. 39 O'Brien, Richard, private, 9th Regt, Co. G. O'Connell, Maurice, private, 2d Regt. O'Connor, Timothy, private, 35th Regt, Co. H. O'Conner, John, private. O'Donnell, Patrick, private, 42d Regt, Co. A. Orcutt, Augustus E., private, 35th Regt, Co. H; died. Orcutt, Benjamin H., private, 4th Heavy Art, Co. G. Orcutt, Charles, private, 4th Heavy Art., Co. G. Orcutt, George 0., private, 12th Regt, Co. H; died. Orcutt, James M., private, 4th Heavy Art, Co. G. Orcutt, William, private, 4th Heavy Art, Co. G. Osgood, George W., private, 12th Regt, Co. H. Parks, John, private, 35th Regt, Co. H. Parrott, Josiah R., private, 12th Regt, Co. H. Parry, John, private, 32d Regt, Co. A. Pedman, William J., private, 14th Regt, Co. K ; wounded. Perrigo, Charles C, private, 30th Regt ; died. Perry, George H., navy. Perry, Henry, private, 22d Regt, Co. F. Peterson, Alfred, private, 35th Regt, Co. H ; wounded. Pettes, I. D. Howe, private, 42d Regt, Co. A. Philbrick, Stephen K., private, 4th Heavy Art, Co. G. Phillips, Lewis, private, 24th Regt. Pierce, David J., private, 42d Regt, Co. A. Pierce, Eliot C, maj., 13th Regt, Co. H: wounded. Pike, William, private, 25th Regt, Co. H ; killed. Pond, Henry V., private, 60th Regt. Pool, Samuel B., private, 42d Regt., Co. A. Pope, Charles A., sergt, 12tb Regt, Co. H; wounded and died. Pope, Clinton F., private, 42d Regt, Co. A. Pope, Warren W., private, 12th Regt, Co. H. Porter, Hiram, private, 29th Regt, Co. G. Porter, Jonathan K., Corp., 12th Regt., Co. H ; wounded. Powers, Peter, private, 12th Regt, Co. II. Pratt, Asa B., Corp., 35th Regt, Co. II. Pratt, Benjamin (2d), private, 42d Regt, Co. D ; prisoner. Pratt, Benjamin F., brev. brig. -gen., 35th Regt., Co. H ; wounded. Pratt, Benjamin F. (2d), private, 35th Regt, Co. H. Pratt, Benjamin F. (3d), Corp., 35th Regt, Co. H; prisoner. Pratt, Charles, private, 4th Cav. Pratt, Chester D., private, 1st Cav. Pratt, Francis B., capt, 12th Regt, Co. H; wounded. Pratt, Francis S., private, 35th Regt, Co. H ; wounded. Pratt, George H., private, 24th Regt Pratt, George Hiram, private, 2d Cav., Co. C. Pratt, Henry, private, 4th Cav., Co. G. Pratt, Henry F., private, 4th Heavy Art, Co. G. Pratt, James, private, 35th Regt., Co. H ; died. Pratt, Josiah H., private, 12th Regt., Co. H. Pratt, Leander. Pratt, Leonard, private, 35th Regt., Co. H ; killed. Pratt, Leonard F-, corp., 12th Regt, Co. H; died. Pratt, J. Quincy, private, 4th Cav., Co. B ; killed. Pratt, Samuel, private, 42d Regt, Co. A. Pray, Samuel, private, 35th Regt., Co. H. Pry, Thomas W., private, 3d Heavy Art Prouty, Elijah, private, 4th Regt, Co. C; died. Prouty, Oliver B., private, 12th Regt, Co. H. Puffer, James E., private, 32d Regt, Co. F; killed. Putillow, Frank A., private, 4th Cav. ; died. Quinn, Jeremiah, private, 42d Regt, Co. D. Rand, James W., private, 59th Regt, Co. I. Randall, Martin L., private, 4th Heavy Art, Co.^G. Ray, William N., navy. Raymond, Bela T., private, 42d Regt., Co. I. €10 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. Raymond, Benjamin, private, 42d Regt, Co. I. Raymond, Charles W., private, 35th Regt, Co. H. Raymond, Horace B. Raymond, James G., 4th Cav., Co. D ; died. Raymond, James G-, private, 42d Regt, Co. A. Raymond, T. H., private, 4th Regt., Co. C. Raymond, Thomas W., private, 4th Cav., Co. E. Raymond, Walter B. Rea, John D., private, 12th Regt, Co. H. Rea, William M., private, 42d Regt., Co. A. Reamy, Joseph, private, 4th Cav., Co. E. Reekards, Winslow M., Corp., 4th Heavy Art, Co. G. Redmond, Charles S., private, 42d Regt, Co. A. Remington, Foster. Rennard, Henry F., private, 3d Cav. ; killed. Reed, Franklin, private, 4th Cav., Co. B ; prisoner. Reed, Matthew, private, 42d Regt, Co. A. Reed, Salmon, private, 42d Regt, Co. A. Reed, Thomas, private, 60th Regt Reynolds, William H, private, 4th Cav., Co. E. Rice, Stephen L., private, 16th Light Bat. Rice, Urban, navy. Rice, William P., sergt, 35th Regt, Co. H. Richards, Benjamin F., Corp., 12th Regt, Co. H. Richards, Charles L., private, 18th Regt, Co. H ; wounded and died. Richards, Charles N., private, 4th Heavy Art, Co. G. Richards, David P., private, 35th Regt, Co. H. Richards, George W., private, 12th Regt, Co. H. Richards, Samuel M., private, 12th Regt, Co. H. Richards, William H-, private, 35th Regt, Co. H ; wounded. Richardson, Emery, private, 11th Regt, Co. F. Richardson, F. P. Riley, Michael, private, 35th Regt, Co. H. Riley, Timothy, private, 11th Regt, Co. D; deserted. Ritchie, Henry, private, 35th Regt, Co. H; died. Roachman, John, private, 35th Regt, Co. H. Robbins, Charles H., private, 35th Regt, Co. H; wounded and died. Robbins, Christopher C, private, 3d Md. Regt, Co. D ; wounded. Robinson, Benjamin F., Corp., 35th Regt, Co. H; wounded. Robinson, Wilber F., private, 42d Regt, Co. A. Robinson, William H., private, 18th Regt, Co. K. Rockwood, Eiisha R., lieut, 4th Heavy Art, Co. G ; wounded. Rogers, Daniel F., 12th Regt, Co. H ; prisoner and died. Ross, Samuel J., private, 38th Regt, Co. K. Rowe, James, private, 35th Regt, Co. H ; died. Rowley, Edward, private, 9th Regt, Co. C. Ruggles, George, private, 4th Heavy Art., Co. G. Ryan, John, 3d Cav., Co. C. Ryan, Timothy, private, 28th Regt, Co. D; wounded. Sampson, John M., private, 1st U. Heavy Art Sargent, Edward W., private, 16th Light Bat. Sargent, George W., private, 12th Regt, Co. H. Sargent, Walter If. Scully, John, private, 9th Bat. Shannahan, Jeremiah, private, 16th Regt. Shannahan, William, private, 20th Regt. Shaw, Augustus E., private, 42d Regt, Co. A. Shaw, Austin B., private, 14th Regt., Co. K ; wounded. Shaw, E. Faxon, private, 4th Heavy Art., Co. G. Shaw, George, private, 4th Heavy Art, Co. G. Shaw, Gilbert M., Corp., 42d Regt, Co. A. Shehan, Dennis, private, 16th Regt; killed. Shepherd, Joseph E., private, 13th Regt, Co. F. Shergold, Nehemiah, private, 12th Regt. Simpson, Oliver E., private, 1st Regt, Co. I; killed. Skinner, Robert G., private, 42d Regt, Co. A. Slason, William T., Corp., 42d Regt, Co. A. Slatterly, Edward, private, 12th Regt, Co. C; wounded. Slatterly, John G., private, 12th Regt, Co. H ; probably killed. Slatterly, Patrick, 42d Regt, Co. B. Smiledge, Alfred B., private, 42d Regt, Co. A. Smiledge, John S., private, 42d Regt, Co. A. Smith, Bernard, navy. Smith, Cornelius, navy. Smith, Frank, Watertown Arsenal. Smith, James, navy. Smith, Jason, Jr., private, 35th Regt, Co. K; died. Smith, John, private, 12th Regt. Sinith^John (2d), navy. Smith, Richard B., sergt, 12th Regt, Co. H. Smith, William W., private, 35th Regt, Co. H ; killed. Snell, William, 20th Regt, Co. A. Spear, Albert A., private, 4th Heavy Art, Co. G. Spear, Charles H., private, 11th Regt, Co. F. Spear, Josiah Q., Corp., 35th Regt, Co. H. Spear, Richard, private, 42d Regt, Co. A. Spencer, Jeremiah, private, 18th Regt, Co. K. Spinney, Harris H., Corp., 12th Regt, Co. H; wounded and prisoner. Spooner, William A., private, 12th Regt, Co. H. Springer, Samel B., private, 12th Regt, Co. H. Staekpole, Oliver B., private, 42d Regt, Co. A; died. Starbuck, George, private, 2d Regt, Co. I; died. Stevens, James H., private, 12th Regt, Co. H. Stoddard, Addison, private, 4th Heavy Art, Co. G. Stoddard, Elbridge I., sergt, 12th Regt., Co. H. Stoddard, Henry A., private, 35th Regt, Co. H. Stoddard, John H., private, 42d Regt, Co. D. Stoddard, Sargent L., private, 42d Regt, Co. D; prisoner. Stone, 'William E., private, 2d Cav., Co. I. Sutton, Reuben. Swan, Gideon R., 29th U. Heavy Art. Sweares, Henry, private, 12th Regt, Co. H; killed. Sweeny, Robert, navy. Sweeting, Putnam I., private, 24th Regt, Co. F. Taylor, Joseph F., private, 4th Heavy Art., Co. G. Thayer, George R., private, 35th Regt, Co. H ; wounded. ' Thayer, John Q. A., private, 12th Regt., Co. H ; prisoner. Thayer, Joseph W., private, 12th Regt., Co. H ; wounded. Thayer, Nathaniel A., private, 12th Regt, Co. E. Thayer, N. W., private, 12th Regt., Co. H ; prisoner and died. Thayer, Samuel G., private, 12th Regt, Co. C; prisoner. Thayer, Stillman, private, 35th Regt., Co. H. Thayer, Watson, sergt, 42d Regt, Co. A. Thayer, William G., private, 12th Regt, Co. E ; wounded. Thomas, Albert, private, 4th Regt, Co. C. Thomas, Allen, private, 4th Heavy Art, Co. G. Thomas, Benjamin F., private, 42d Regt, Co. A. Thomas, Edwin, private, 4th Heavy Art, Co. G. Thomas, Edwin (2d), capt, 3d U. Heavy Art. Thomas, Francis L., lieut, 12th Regt., Co. H; killed. Thomas, Isaac, private, 12th Regt, Co. H. Thomas, John, private, 4th Heavy Art., Co. G. Thomas, Leonard, private, 12th Kcgt, Co. H. Thomas, Minot A., private, 12th Regt, Co. H. Thomas, Nelson, sergt, 42d Regt, Co. A. Thompson, Harrison G., private, 4th Heavy Art., Co. G. Thompson, Josiah, Jr., private, 12th Regt, Co. H ; killed. Thompson, Sumner, private, -16th Light Bat. ; died. Thompson, Zenas M., private, 42d Regt, Co. A. WEYMOUTH. 611 Tirrell, Albert H., lieut, 1st Cav. Tirrell, Albert J., private, 14th Regt., Co. K. Tirrell, Alfred W., lieut, 35th Regt, Co. Hj wounded. Tirrell, Augustus, private, 42d Regt, Co. A. Tirrell, E. P., private, 3d Heavy Art Tirrell, Ebenezer, Jr., sergt, 42d Regt, Co. A. Tirrell, Edwin F., sergt, 42d Regt, Co. A. Tirrell, Francis B., private, 42d Regt, Co. A. Tirrell, Franklin, corp., 32d Regt, Co. F ; died. Tirrell, George W., private, 42d Regt, Co. A. Tirrell, John W., private, 42d Regt, Co. A. Tirrell, Levi, private, 12th Regt Tirrell, Major, private, 33d Regt ; wounded. Tirrell, Warren, private, 42d Regt., Co. A. Tirrell, Winfleld B., Corp., 42d Regt, Co. A. Tomalty, Owen, private, 63d Regt, N. Y., Co. B. Toombs, Eliot L., private. Torrey, Appleton H., private, 11th Regt., Co. B. Torrey, Benjamin F., private, 12th Regt, Co. C. Torrey, Charles D., sergt, 1st U. Heavy Art. Torrey, Charles L., private, 32d Regt, Co. A. Torrey, James L., private, 35th Regt, Co. H. Torrey, Joseph E., private, 4th Heavy Art, Co. G. Torrey, Joshua L., private, 1st Cav., Co. A. Torrey, Lorenzo, private, 12th Regt, Co. H ; wounded, pris oner, and died. Torrey, Naaman, private, 35th Regt, Co. H ; died. Torrey, Naaman J., private, 35th Regt., Co. H. Torrey, Noah W., private, 4th Heavy Art, Co. G. Torrey, Richard L., private, 11th Regt, Co. B ; wounded and ( supposed killed. Torrey, Richmond, private, 35th Regt, Co. H. Torrey, Sumner F., private, 4th Heavy Art, Co. G. Torrey, Turner, private, 35th Regt, Co. H. Totman, Elmer II., private, 4th Heavy Art, Co. G. Totman, Irving J., private, 2d Heavy Art, Co. C ; died. Townsend, William, private, 1st U. Heavy Art. Tracy, Patrick, private, 3d Heavy Art. Trask, Joseph, private, 29th U. Heavy Art. Irott, Charles R., corporal, 42d Regt, Co. A. Trufant, Edgar H., private, 35th Regt., Co. H. Trufant, Edward F., private, 11th Regt, Co. F ; killed. Turner, Waldo, private, 35th Regt, Co. H; wounded. Tyndall, John, private, 35th Regt., Co. H ; wounded. Vance, William, private, 12th Regt, Co. H. Viger, Joseph, musician, 42d Regt, Co. A. Vining, Adoniram E., private, 14th Regt, Co. F; prisoner. Vining, Alonzo, private, 12th Regt, Co. H. Vining, Andrew J., private, 24th Regt, Co. K. Vining, Daniel, drummer, 35th Regt, Co. H. Vining, George H., private, 14th Regt, Co. F. Vining, George W., eorp., 12th Regt, Co. H; killed. Vining, N. F., private, 4th Cav., Co. E. Vining, Solon A., private, 4th Heavy Art, Co. G. Vining, William A., private, 1st Cav., Co. I. Vogel, Henry B., 4th Heavy Art, Co. G. Walker, Edwin, private, 35th Regt, Co. H; wounded. Walker, George, private, 12th Regt, Co. F; wounded and died. Walker, Isaac H., private, 12th Regt, Co. H. Walker, Roscius R., Watertown Arsenal. Wall, Patrick, private, 11th Regt, Co. B. Walsh, Michael, private, 12th Regt. Ward, James, private, 3d Heavy Art. Ward, Patriok, private, 3d Heavy Art. Ware, Lawrence, private, 35th Regt., Co. H ; wounded. Warren, Ephraim L., maj., 22d Regt. Weed, Otis 11., Jr., private, 12th Regt, Co. H. Weeks, James, private, 12th Regt, Co. H. Weeks, Nathan, private, 12th Regt, Co. H. Welch, James (3d), private, 42d Regt, Co. A. Wendall, James C, private, 42d Regt, Co. A. Whelan, Edmund B., private, 3d Regt. U. S. Regulars, Co. E; prisoner. Whelan, John H., lieut, 12th Regt, Co. H. Whitcomb, John M., private, 4th Regt, Co. C. White, Benjamin, private, 1st Regt. White, Calvin T., private, 4th Heavy Art, Co. G. White, Charles H., private, 4th Heavy Art, Co. G. White, Francis E., lieut, 4th N. Y. Cav., Co. G. White Herbert, Watertown Arsenal. White, Henry, sergt., 42d Regt, Co. A. White, Frederick R., private, 38th Regt, Co. A. White, J. Francis, 1st Heavy Art, Co. C. White, James, private, 42d Regt, Co. A. White, Patrick, private, 42d Regt., Co. A White, Robert H., musician, 12th Regt, Co. H. White, Robert S-, musician, 12th Regt, Co. H. White, Sanford, private, 38th Regt, Co. A. White, Warren F., private, 3d Heavy Art White, William, lieut, 35th Regt, Co. H; wounded. Whiting, Charles D., private, 1st U. Heavy Art Whiting, Harrison, private, 12th Regt., Co. H; prisoner. Whitman, Theron W., private, 60th Regt. Whitmarsh, John Q., private, 12th Regt, Co. C; killed. Whitinarsh, Peter, private, 16th Light Bat Whitney, Edwin, private, 4th Heavy Art, Co. G. Whittemore, William, private, 32d Regt. Wilber, Charles C. Willett, G. F., private, 4th Cav.; wounded and died. Williams, Charles S., private, 42d Regt, Co. A. Williams, Eugene S., private, 4th Cav., Co. B; killed. Williamson, Joseph, private, 14th Regt, Co. K ; wounded and died. Willis, Stephen R., Corp., 35th Regt, Co. H ; killed. Winslow, Joseph B., sergt, 12th Regt, Co. H. Winslow, Nathan F., private, 35th Regt, Co. H ; wounded and died. Woodward, Sylvester R., private, 42d Regt, Co. A. Worster, E. Frank, Watertown Arsenal. Wright, C. Wesley, private, 4th Cav., Co. B ; prisoner. Wright, Henry, private, 12th Regt, Co. H. Wright, William H., navy. Wrightington, Judah, private, 18th Regt, Co. C. Young, Benjamin M., private, 12th Regt, Co. H. Young, Job, private, 16th Light Bat BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. GEN. APPLETON HOWE, M.D. From the most authentic records we have been able to obtain it appears that the Howe family of America — many of whose members have attained honor and distinction in various walks in life — are de scended from the Howes, of Warwickshire, England, where the name has a very honorable record, " two branches at the least having received earldoms, and 612 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. several having been knighted for meritorious services rendered their sovereign." James Howe, the first American ancestor, was made freeman in 1637, married Elizabeth Dane, of Ipswich, where he spent most of his life ; he died 1702. Deacon Abraham Howe — probably a grandson of James — married Lucy Apple- ton. Their third son was Nathaniel, born 1764. He became a celebrated divine. He was pastor of the Congregational Church, at Hopkinton, Mass., from 1791 to 1830, when he retired from the ministry after an active service of forty years. He died seven years later, aged seventy-three. 'He was of marked origi nality of character, Puritan in every fibre of his be ing, uncompromising in his convictions, with a quaint humorous vein in his composition, he had the faculty of saying original things in an original way that ar rested and chained the attention of all. His cele brated " Century Sermon" made his name familiar to the reading public, both of this country and Europe, where it was republished. He married Olive, sixth daughter of Col. John Jones, Jr., of Hopkinton, and granddaughter of Col. John Jones, who came from the Old South Church, Boston, to Hopkinton in 1727. Gen. Appleton Howe, M.D., son of Rev. Nathaniel and Olive Howe, was born in Hopkinton, Mass., Nov. 26, 1792. He fitted for college at Phillips' Andover Academy. He entered Harvard College, where he availed himself earnestly of every advantage that famous institution could offer, and graduated in class of 1815, receiving the degree of A.B. He was a classmate of Jared Sparks, afterwards president of Harvard College, John G. Palfrey, Dr. Jeffries, Rev. Dr. Hodges, John G. Lowell, Ebenezer Francis, and others who became distinguished in after-years. Upon leaving college he taught school winters, and studied medicine with Drs. John C. Warren and John Ware, two of Boston's most noted physicians. In 1819 he received from Harvard College the degree of M.D., and shortly after received — what is a very unusual thing — a written call, signed by a committee representing the Second Parish of the town of Wey mouth, to come and settle there as a medical practi tioner. This committee was composed of the leading citizens of the community, and this quaint document is still in possession of Dr. Howe's family. He ac cepted this " call," and began practice as a physician in what is now the village of South Weymouth, where he was the leading physician and citizen for fifty years, or until the day of his death. He soon became widely known and respected, his many sterling qualities of mind and heart, united with an earnest ness in study and application, made him much sought for medical advice, in critical cases, outside his own town. He was for many years president of the Nor folk County Medical Society, was a member of the Massachusetts Medical Society, and also of the Massa chusetts Historical Society. He was much interested in military matters, as in all other affairs of public in- terest, and many military honors were bestowed upon him. In 1839 he was chosen major-general of the First Division Massachusetts Militia, and again under the new law in 1841. He was chosen captain of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company in 1840. He always took a foremost stand in the cause of edu cation, and was chairman of the high school committee many years. It has been remarked of him that " he was a man whom office and honor sought, he never sought them." He filled many positions of trust. He was an officer in the Weymouth and Braintree Mutual Fire Insurance Company, and was for many years president of the Weymouth Savings-Bank. He was State senator from Norfolk County in 1841-42, He was always one of the foremost to press all needed improvements and reforms. This was true not only in matters of local interest, but in the great questional and measures in which a nation was interested. He always earnestly and zealously espoused and advo cated the measures he believed right. He was among the earliest disciples of the anti-slavery movement, and throughout his life was a bitter foe to intemperance and all other vices which tend to degrade and destroy a noble manhood. Dr. Howe was a remarkably strong man physically, mentally, and morally. There was in his make-up a wonder ful, persevering energy that would not succumb to or acknowledge defeat. This characteristic marked his boyhood and developed with his manhood. The son of a poor clergyman, he made for himself all the advantage he ever enjoyed. He taught school and earned the money to defray his expenses through college. This done, he taught school and earned the money necessary for the prosecution of his medical studies. Having qualified himself, he practiced that profession with the same earnestness and assiduity that characterized all his undertakings through life.; He labored not only to build up a competence fit] himself and family, but he labored with equal dl for whatever would benefit his community or manj kind at large. Starting in life with an object am purpose, he had the courage to pursue that objeo and attain that purpose against all opposing circun stances or temptations. Like most earnest, broad- minded men, he possessed a wonderful personal mag' netism. Genial, spontaneous, candid, he had 1 ij-J..J!Rilcfa'' ^r^^^_^ -*$ "iyAH.BJjMhvi ""¦ffityAJ-lfu.lM,e 7 4 // 7 / //V/-/A - rected " to take care that the seats in the meeting-house 1 Mr. Williams was the son of John and Ann (White) Williams and was born in Hillstown, Bucks Co., Pa., in 1752. His father came from Wales to this country and settled in Bucks County, where he accumulated a handsome property and spent the re mainder of his days. His son William was fitted for college at Hopewell, N. J., at a celebrated school taught by Rev. Isaac Eaton. He entered the institution which is now Brown Uni versity, then located in Warren, R. I., one year in advance and graduated in 1769. In the autumn following he married Pa tience, the daughter of Col. Nathan Miller, of Warren, R. I. Sept. 27, 1771, he was baptized by Rev. Charles Thompson, of the same place, and admitted to the church under his pastoral care. On the 18th of April he was licensed by the Warren Church as a preacher of the gospel." — Sprague's American Pulpit. be finished." Theodore Man was engaged to teach school from January 3d to March 1st, for three pounds and eight shillings in silver. In January, 1704, the people seemed to feel some compunctions at the condition of their meeting-house and resolved, " forasmuch as the place of the worship of God want finishing to make it sutable, &c, it is i thought galeries may be made over the gaieties that ' be, and the walls filled and white-limed, and then per sons placed as ought to be that there may be decency and order in the house of God." The number of tax payers was sixty-eight. In 1708-9 the town was threat ened with presentment at the next Quarter Sessions unless Mr. Man's salary in arrear should be paid. It seems from some votes passed in this latter year that men were impressed in Wrentham to serve against the French and Indians in the Canadas. We also learn that Ensign Blake was in the Queen's service. An attack of the combined northern colonies against Montreal and Quebec was meditated at this time, under the expectation that a British fleet and army would be sent to co-operate with them. But the British ministry did not keep their promise, and after waiting a long time for the appearance of the fleet the forces were disbanded without attempting any thing. It does not appear whether any Wrentham men were in the expedition against Canada under taken by the Tory ministry of Queen Anne in 1711, which terminated so disgracefully for the assailants. And after the peace which Walpole had maintained so long was at last broken, and the French and Eng lish in America were again in hostility, and Louis burg had been taken from the French by an army chiefly from Massachusetts, and again a project was formed to capture Quebec, and again the English fleet and army failed to appear, and the war was ended and Louisburg ceded back to the French, it is not cer tain that our town furnished soldiers for this, or for subsequent campaigns until 1756. In that year the names of Benjamin Hubbard and Thomas Cook, both of Wrentham, are found upon the muster-roll of the company in his Majesty's ser vice, under command of Capt. John Jones, of Bel lingham. And in the company of Capt. Eliphalet Fales, of Dedham, in 1756, were enrolled Michael Mulsey, Zachariah Worthee, Jona Forster, and Simeon Forster, all of Wrentham. Also, Stephen Cook, of Marlboro', born in Wrentham, and Isaac Fisher and Ebenezer Streeter, of Wrentham, were in Capt. Nathan Tyler's company. Capt. Nathaniel Blake, of Milton, also enrolled in his company Abner Turner, Ephraim Randall, Jeremiah Blake, Michael Ware, Joseph Turner, Thomas Boyden who were all of WRENTHAM. 643 Wrentham. And in Maj. Stephen Miller's company, in Col. Bagley's regiment, Fort William Henry, Aug. 9, 1756, the following-named Wrentham men were enrolled, viz. : Ebenezer Cox, from Capt. Day's company. John Cox, from Capt. Day's company. Abijah Hall, from Capt. Man's company. Thomas Boyden, from Capt. Man's company. Edward , from Capt. Day's company. John Conole, from Capt. Man's company. Benjamin Cox, from Capt. Day's company. Morris Fling, from Capt. Day's company. Joshua Fisher, from Capt. Day's company. Benjamin Ware, from Capt. Day's company. Michael Ware, from Capt. Day's company. Michael Wilson, from Capt. Goldsbury's company. Pitt Pumham, of Stoughton, hired at Wrentham, from Man's company. Richard Newton, of Wrentham, 1757. An alarm company was enrolled in Col. Miller's regiment at Wrentham, April 22, 1757, of which Samuel Day was captain, Benjamin Shepard, lieuten ant, Ebenezer Cowell, ensign, Lemuel Kollock, clerk, John Hancock, Daniel Man, Pelatiah Metcalf, Ga maliel Gerould were sergeants, and Samuel Fisher and Eiisha Harrington were drummers, and there were sixty-four privates. Besides this there was an alarm-list of men between the ages of sixteen and sixty years, fifty-two in number, headed by the Rev. Joseph Bean, in which were also the names of Capt. Timothy Metcalf, Capt. Nathaniel Ware, Capt. Jona Whitney, Lieut. Joseph Fairbanks, Lieut. Ebenezer Cox, Dr. John Druce, Dr. Obadiah Blake, and others, some of whom had probably seen service in former conflicts with the enemies of the English. In 1759, Capt. Jonathan Adams' company, in Col. Ridley's regiment, under Jeffrey Amherst, general and commander-in-chief of his Majesty's forces in North America for the invasion of Canada, included three men from Wrentham, — Benjamin Moore, Josiah Blake, and Ebenezer Blake. In the same year Wrentham men were " inlisted or impressed for his Majesty's service" in Col. Miller's regiment, " to be put under the command of his Ex cellency Jeffrey Amherst, Esq., general and com mander-in-chief of his Majesty's forces in North America for the invasion of Canada, 1759." These men had been in an expedition against Lake George in 1758, and one of their number in 1757. Their names were as follows : John Lawrence. William Holden. Thomas Pitty. Daniel Pond. Daniel Guild. Oliver Pond. Reuben Thorp. David Shepard. Samuel Metcalf. Solomon Blake. Naphtali Bishop. Samuel Ellis. Moses Wheelock, 1757. Thomas Bristo. Andrew Everet. Levi Morse. John Conole. Hezekiah Ware. Isaiah Bacon. Thomas Fuller. Joseph White. Melatiah Ware. David Force. Capt. Abijah Hall, of Wrentham, commanded a company in the service, and the Wrentham men mustered into it were Daniel Hawes, Thomas Boyden, Nathan Hall, Jacob Bacon, Henry Crossman, Eiisha Farrington, Jonathan Newton, Amos Man. In Capt. Samuel Slocomb's company were Robert Cooke, John Boyd, Eleazer Blake, John Blake, Stephen Cook, Thomas Cook ; they were enlisted April 2, 1759, and mustered out December, 1759. In September of this year, Quebec having surren dered to the English, the war in North America was virtually at an end. But the English colonies had for many years been exposed to the hostile incursions of warlike French and Indians, and had suffered the loss of many lives and of much treasure. The New Eng land towns contributed soldiers, and the preceding record shows that Wrentham was not behind in fur nishing men for the various campaigns. Resuming our narrative, and returning to the year 1709, we find the people peacefully pursuing their usual avocations, and administering their prudential affairs with great economy, — "fastening the loose glass in the Meeting-house," for example, and " stop ping the windows with board where glass was want ing." A few years later, John Ware and Ebenezer Fisher reported that they were appointed a committee to run the ancient patent-line between the counties of Suffolk, Bristol, and Plymouth, and had met Capt. Jacob Thompson, a surveyor, " but being shamed in the thing had done nothing." This line was the boundary of the colonies of Plymouth and Massa chusetts, and a prominent bound, called Angletree, in Wrentham line, was established by commissioners of the respective colonies in 1664. But it seems that for a number of years, although surveys had been ordered, the line was in doubt. At length the Pro vincial Legislature enacted " that for the future aline beginning at a certain heap of stones on the west side of Accord pond, in Hingham and Abington, and run- nine- from said monument west twenty and one-half degrees south, leaving the towns of Weymouth, Braintree, Stoughton, and Wrentham adjoining on the north, and Abington, Bridgewater, Mansfield, and Attleborough on the south, to a certain old white- oak tree, anciently marked, now standing, and being a boundary between the towns of Wrentham and Attleborough, by some called Station tree, by others 644 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. Angle tree, shall forever hereafter be the bounds be tween the county of Suffolk and the counties of Plymouth and Bristol, so far as said line extends, etc." Wrentham was at this time within the county of Suffolk. About this time (1713) the town was indicted for not maintaining a school. In 1716 a committee was appointed to seat people in the meeting-house according to their age, useful ness, and estate, including the inhabitants of Dor chester, who attended church here. A suit was brought against Attleborough for refusing to renew the bound marks. It seems that the indictment of the town for not maintaining a school had its effect, for it was now voted to establish a school in four parts of the town. In 1719 a committee was chosen to procure a minister for one-quarter of a year, and was continued in authority after the death of Mr. Man, which took place on the 22d day of May, a.d. 1719. Fifty years had passed away since he was first called to preach to the handful of people who were attempting a settlement in this wilderness. The people, in addition to the hardships incident to their pioneer life, had been liable to conflicts with savages and Frenchmen. He came to them while in their weakness and poverty, returning with them after Philip's war, although he had opportunity to settle elsewhere, and notwithstanding he had had bitter experience of their inability to provide -for him suit ably. Some five hundred and thirty-three persons had been born in that time within the bounds of the township, seventy-one couples married, and seventy- three persons had died. It has previously been re lated that the former inhabitants made it a special condition of their return at the termination of Philip's war that Mr. Man should return with them. He was indispensable to them. In fact, the minister in those days was really the head of the people. He was their guide not only in spiritual affairs, but in worldly affairs also. He was undoubtedly the only man in the community who had had the opportunity of ac quiring learning beyond the elements, and his influ ence was accordingly felt in all public affairs, as well as in his pulpit on the Sabbath. Moreover, the cir cumstances which forced the early inhabitants of Plymouth and Massachusetts colonies from their transatlantic homes to these shores compelled them to consider themselves a peculiar people. The chief men in the colony, who had been leaders of the emi gration, governed according to their notions of what religion and the word of God required, and were strongly seconded by the ministers of the churches. Hence, in answer to the petition of the inhabitants of Wrentham for town power, the colonial record is, "The Court judgeth it meet to give the petitioners all due encouragement with their present minister according to their desires." To that excellent man is due, in a great measure, undoubtedly, the continuance of the settlement whose early planting here has been described in previous pages. Mr. Bean, in his sermon preached at the conclusion of the first century of the town's existence, viz., in 1773, in speaking of the first settlers here, says, " They were careful to have the word of God regu larly preached to them and procured Mr. Sam'l Man, a young candidate, for that purpose." And after Philip's war, " when the settlers had concluded to return, so great was their veneration for Mr. Man, and so acceptable had been his labors among them, that it was their earnest desire he should return with them." It seems that, while away from Wrentham, he had been 'preaching at Milton, and was about to receive a call there, but, says Mr. Bean, " so great was his affection for the people of Wrentham, and so desirous was he of the plantation's going on that he complied with their request." In 1692 a church was gathered here, consisting of ten members, including Mr. Man. The others were Benjamin Rockett, John Ware, Eliezer Metcalf, John Fairbanks, Thomas Thurston, John Guild, Ephraim Pond, John Vails, Samuel Fisher. " Mr. Man was ordained over the church and con gregation, the same day preaching his own ordination sermon." He had preached about eighteen years previously. " He died in the seventy-second year of his age and the forty-ninth of his faithful ministry.1' " By what I have heard of him," continues Mr. Bean, " he was a man of good erudition and an accomplished preacher, pious and faithful. He lived greatly beloved by his people, and died greatly lamented by them. He was born at Cambridge, and was graduated at Harvard University in 1665." He adds, that one of the first men of this province said of Mr. Man that he was not only a very good, but a very great and learned man. At a general meeting of the inhabitants, in Sep tember, 1719, the church, in presence of the inhab itants, did agree that the inhabitants should join them in choosing a minister out of three that were nomi nated, viz. : Rev. Samuel Andrew, Rev. Jonathan Parepont, and Rev. Henry Messinger. The record says, " The Rev. Henry Messinger, by a very unanimous and major vote, was chosen and WRENTHAM. 645 elected, by both church and town jointly concurring, to be the minister of this town to carry on the work of the ministry." He accepted their call by a letter dated at Cambridge, Oct. 2,1719. He married Esther Cheever, of Cambridge, January, 1720, and was de scribed in the records of that town as the Rev. Henry Messinger, of Wrentham. It would therefore appear that he had already commenced his ministerial duties at that date, as the name of Messinger is not found upon the town record previously. His children were twelve in number. One of his sons (John) died in 1814, in his eighty-third year. He served in the office of town clerk twenty-one years in succession, when he declined further service, remarking that he ought to be free at the age of twenty-one. In 1787 he was again elected, and served seven years suc cessively, making, in the whole, twenty-eight years. A printed sermon of the Rev. Mr. Man is in ex istence, and also two or more of Rev. Mr. Bean, but it is not known to the writer that there is any manu script or published discourse of Mr. Messinger. It has therefore seemed proper to copy here his letter of acceptance, that the readers of these annals may be enabled to form an idea of the man.1 "To the Church and Town of Wrentham, Grace, Mercy, and Peace from God the Father, and from our Lord Jesus Christ. "Sirs, — I cannot but with great fear take notice of the over ruling Providence of God in inclining your hearts so unani mously to make choice of myself, the most unworthy and unfit, to settle with you and to carry on the work of the ministry among you. And since your invitation to me, I hope I have seriously and solemnly considered how awful great and diffi cult the work is to which I am called. And when this great work has been set so solemnly before me by others, and I have well thought of my own youthfulness and the little progress I have made in my studies to fit and qualifie me for so great a work, I have been ready to plead and say, how shall I speak that am but a child, and how shall I watch over souls so as to save my own and the souls of others? and have been almost discouraged. In the multitude of the thoughts within me I have asked counsel of Heaven, and left my case there, begging of God that he would direct me in the weighty business before me, so as should be most for his honor and glory, your spiritual good and advantage, and my own future joy and comfort, and I hope I have not sought in vain. I have likewise consulted many learned, wise, and godly men, who with one consent agree that my call is clear, and that therefore it is my indispensable duty to comply with the same, as I would not deny the call of Christ. Wherefore, in the fear of God and with a humble reli ance on his gracious promises to his faithful ministers, I accept your call to carry on the work of the ministry so long as Prov- idenoe shall provide for my comfortable sustenance among you, trusting that God that has called me to engage in so awful a work, who sees my unfitness for it and inability to perform the 1 Since this was written the writer has learned that an account of a revival in 1741, at which time many were added to the church in Wrentham, was prepared by Mr. Messinger and pub lished in the book entitled the " Great Awakening," and also that he wrote a commentary on a part of the Old Testament. same, will exercise a fatherly pitty towards me with respect thereto, will daily more and more qualifie me therefor and en courage me therein, and accept my sincere desires and endeavors to advance his glory and the eternal happiness of others. And that it may be so, I humbly ask your earnest prayers for me at the throne of Grace, that God would forgive my many and great sins, whereby I am rendered so unfit to engage in so sacred a work, and for which I desire deeply to be abashed and humbled before God. Cry to God mightily on my behalf, that he in whom is all fulness would in a plentiful manner bestow upon me the outpouring of his spirit and adorn me with every Christian grace and virtue, that I may come to you in the ful ness of the blessing of the Gospel of Peace, and if God in his due time shall settle me among you, doe what you can to make my work, which I engage in with fear and trembling, easy to me, and let nothing be done to discourage me. To this end let brotherly love be and abound among you, let every one forgive his brother his trespasses as he hopes for forgiveness of God, live in peace, study the things which tend thereto, and the God of Peace will be with you and bless you. And God, of his in finite grace, grant that we may with united hearts strive to ad vance his kingdom and glory, may be mutual blessings to, may enjoy much comfort in each other, and perform the respective duties incumbent on us, as that, when our glorious Jesus shall make his second and illustrious appearance to judgo both quick and dead, we may meet each other with joy and comfort, and give up our accounts with joy and not with grief. " I am your sincere tho unworthy servant for Jesus' sake, "Hexry Messixger. "Cambridge, Oct. 2, 1719." Mr. Messinger was ordained Dec. 5, 1719. In 1721 a second house for public worship was built, and was used as such by all the people in the town until Aug. 29, 1737, when the West Parish (afterwards Frank lin) was organized. A new church was formed there, composed of members dismissed from the old church here, under the ministry of Rev. Elias Haven, who was ordained over them on the 8th day of Novem ber of the same year. The immediate successor of Mr. Messinger says, " He continued in this First Parish greatly laboring in word and doctrine till it pleased the Sovereign Lord of life and death to put a period to his life and work nearly together. His death occurred on the 30th day of March, 1750, in the fifty-fifth year of his age, and the thirty-second of his faithful ministry. He was a gentleman of unblemished reputation, and highly esteemed for his piety and virtue. He had the character of a plain, faithful, affectionate, and profitable preacher. And though he was of but a slender, feeble constitution, yet he was abundant in labors among the people of his charge, and spared no pains for promoting the interest of the Redeemer and the good of souls. It is no wonder, then, that when all the congregation saw he was dead they mourned for him as Israel did for Aaron." It is a somewhat remarkable fact that there is no one now residing within the limits of the town who is a descendant, and bears the name at the same time, of 646 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. either of the first five ministers settled, although Mr. Man left six sons and Mr. Messinger five, and Mr. Bean and his successors also left sons. The de scendants of the first two must, nevertheless, be very numerous among us, notwithstanding the fact that large numbers of them have from time to time gone to dwell elsewhere. The Rev. Mr. Messinger's daughters were sought in marriage by neighboring clergymen. Mary mar ried the Rev. Elias Haven, of West Wrentham (now Franklin) ; Esther, the Rev. Amariah Frost, of Men don, Mass.; Sarah, first, Dr. Cornelius Kollock, of Wrentham, and second, Rev. Benjamin Caryl, of Dover, Mass. ; Elizabeth, the Rev. Joseph Bean, her father's successor in the ministry at Wrentham. His son, James, was the first minister of Ashford, Conn. Those inhabitants of Dorchester living as they say convenient to come to the public worship of God in Wrentham, agreed to be taxed ratably for the pay ment of Mr. Messinger's salary so long as the town of Dorchester would exempt them from paying there. Their names were Samuel Man, Hannah George, Samuel Lane, Jeremiah Ruggles, Mary Shepard, John Martin, James Humphrey, Samuel Richardson, Mark Force, and Solomon Howes. In October of this year, having voted that the new meeting-house should stand on or near the spot occupied by the old one, the inhabitants determined that it should be " forty feet in length and thirty-eight in breadth, and of such height as may be most convenient and proper for two tiers of galleries one above the other." Another institution indicating the progress of the settlement in another direction was established as ap pears by the following recited vote : " Agreed with Ensign Eliezer Ware to make a pair of stocks at the town's cost and charge." This useful reformer prob ably adorned the common in front of the new meeting house, where its beneficent workings were visible to all the good people of the village, as often as the night- watch, whose duty it was to patrol the streets east and west, one-half mile from the meeting-house, made their seizures, and bore the trophies of their vigilance to this place of confinement, where the morning sun found them bound hand and foot. We find that Benjamin Ware was living in Wren tham in 1721 as a practicing physician. He was the first physician who settled here, Dr. Stewart, as pre viously related, not finding sufficient encouragement in the earlier days of the plantation to remain. At this time the inhabitants living in the westerly part of the town (now Franklin) desired some relief from ministerial charges because, as they say, they " live remote from the public worship and cannot at tend on the same withoutdifficulties and hardships." It was accordingly determined that whatever they might now pay toward building the new meeting-house should, whenever they should be set off into a pre cinct, district, or parish by themselves, be returned to them for their use in the defraying the charge of building a meeting-house among them. The provincial government having emitted bills of credit to the amount of fifty thousand pounds, this town took two hundred and seventy-two pounds and ten shillings, for which trustees were appointed to loan to the inhabitants at five per cent, interest. The entire tax for this year (1722) was two hundred and ninety-two pounds, seventeen shillings, and eight- pence. A committee appointed to seat people in the meet ing-house were directed to reserve a pew for the min ister and his family, and also one for the widow of the Rev. Mr. Man, and then to place the men on one side of the house and the women on the other. Schools were established in other parts of the town between the years 1723 and 1728, and in 1725, having op posed the setting off the westerly part of the town into a new precinct, the inhabitants (in 1727) prose cuted Bellingham for refusing to renew the bound- marks, and in 1728 took three hundred and fifty-one pounds and five shillings in bills of credit of the province. In 1729 the number of inhabitants over sixteen years of age liable to road work was one hundred and ninety-three. Bounties were occasionally paid for killing wild ani mals. Jonathan Nutting had one pound for killing a wild-cat. The patriotism of the inhabitants was so much ex cited at this time that they, with preamble and good set phrase, ordered the selectmen to draw out of the treasury the sum of twenty-five pounds and forward the same to the Hon. John Quincy, Speaker of the House. The controversy between the officers of the crown and the people had been waged for many years with regard to fixed salaries. The king's government, fearing the effect of the payment of their salaries to the royal governors by the people, instructed each viceroy to demand of the provincial assemblies a fixed salary, believing that he would thus be less likely to incline to the popular interests against the crown. The demand made by Dudley in 1702, and resisted by the Assembly, was renewed by Shute in 1706, with like result, and being insisted on caused violent dis putes, the people in the course of the quarrel repeat edly asserting the principle on which they finally ap pealed to arms against the mother-country. Glancing WRENTHAM. 647 at the fact of Shute's going to England in 1722 and preferring complaints against Massachusetts, of the House of Representatives choosing their Speaker in 1723 and placing him in the chair without presenting him to the Governor for confirmation, and in a variety of ways asserting its rights, especially in voting the allegations of Shute without foundation and ordering one hundred pounds sterling to be remitted to their agent in Europe to employ counsel, in which, how ever, the board of assistants refused to join, the pre paring an address to the king, in which the Council refused to join, the ordering the Speaker to sign and send the paper to England, the preparing a separate address by the Council, which was forwarded to Shute, and the employment of Dummer and Cooke to appear for the province, we find that it was not until 1726 that a decision was made before the Lords in trade and the king in council upon the complaints preferred by Shute. The decision, as is well known, was adverse to Massachusetts, and resulted in adding two clauses to her charter, viz., one affirming the right of the Governor to negative the choice of Speaker, the other denying the House of Representatives the right of ad journing itself for any period longer than two days. And Governor Burnett, the successor of Shute, renew ing in 1728 the demand that a fixed salary be paid him, saying this was the command of the king, the House refused, but granted him seventeen hundred pounds towards his support and the expenses of his journey. He refused it, but took three hundred pounds granted for his journey. Hence arose a violent quar rel, the Governor remonstrating and threatening, and the deputies persisting in their refusal. A statement of the controversy and its causes being made to the towns, great excitement ensued, Boston in a particu lar manner declaring its opposition to the commands of the king, in consequence of which the Governor adjourned the General Court to Salem, the House denouncing the step and requesting the Governor to summon them to Boston, which, being refused, the Court remained at Salem, supported by the towns. Here the House resolved to apply to the king, and Belcher and Wilkes were employed as its agents. Grants were made by the House to defray their ex penses, but the Council rejected them, whereupon a sufficient sum was subscribed by the people of Boston and placed at the disposal of the House. The grant of twenty-five pounds made by Wrentham in 1729 was intended for this fund. The bills of public credit continuing to depreciate, the town " proposed to take into consideration the present difficult circumstances of the Rev. Mr. Mes singer, and make some further provision for the sup port of him and his family." " Wherefore it was voted that a contribution be taken up once a quarter upon the Lord's day for this purpose for one year next en suing, and that the deacons take care to deliver the money so gathered to the Rev. Mr. Messinger." His salary was nominally one hundred pounds, but, as he was paid in the depreciated bills of credit of the prov ince, the real sum received by him must have been much less. The cost of the late war to the colonies, estimated at sixteen millions of dollars, of which only five mil lions was repaid by the British ministry, bore hardly upon the province. Besides, Massachusetts had con tributed her share of the thirty thousand lives com puted to have been sacrificed in the protracted con test. To defray her expenses she made such large emissions of paper money that gold and silver were not at all in circulation. It seems that a small party favored the calling in the paper money, " relying on the industry of the people to replace it with a circu lating medium of greater stability." " Another party favored a private bank, the bills not to be redeemed in specie, but landed security to be given." Another party were for a public bank, the faith of the government to be pledged to the value of the notes, and the profits accruing from the bank to be applied for its support. This party was successful, and fifty thousand pounds in bills of credit were issued, and afterwards one hundred thousand pounds. This currency was so much depreciated that at one time fifty thousand pounds were voted to defray town charges and six thousand seven hundred pounds for the minister's salary. The town, in 1734, having refused to build a meet ing-house for the westerly inhabitants, voted to supply them with preaching, and chose a committee to " clear the town of certain scandalous charges made by Bel lingham in a petition to the General Court. It was also voted in 1735 that some people with their es tates be annexed to Medway ; and that a number of families formerly of the westerly end of Dorchester, but now intermixed with the westerly end of Stough ton, who were joined to this town in 1724, may be returned to the town of Stoughton." One reason assigned for this movement was " that the town of Wrentham is now under very mean, low, and poor circumstances, their town charges being very great ; adding the charge of the town to maintain the poor would amount, as we suppose, to more than all the polls and estates of families upon the said land would pay, and also many highways must be made through said tract." The town continued to oppose the application of 648 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. the inhabitants of West Wrentham to be set off into a separate township, but, at the suggestion of the committee of the General Court, voted in 1737 that they might be set off as a distinct parish. Those who were dismissed from the church here formed a new church there in 1738, and Rev. Elias Haven was ordained their minister in November of the same year. The warrants for town-meetings began in 1740 to summon the voters to meet at the public meeting house in the East Precinct, and in 1742 the town discontinued the practice of warning town-meetings from house to house. In 1746 two parcels of land were laid out for training-grounds, one of which in cluded all the common land about the meeting-house ; and a grant was made to Eliphalet Whiting, of the use of the creek between the two ponds, with the privilege of erecting a dam, with the right of the town to resume it on certain conditions. The church records say, " The Rev. Mr. Messinger gave up the ghost on the 30th day of March, 1750, and was buried on the Tuesday following ; that the church and First Precinct unanimously invited the Rev. Mr. Joseph Bean to carry on the work of the ministry among them." Mr. Bean accepted, and was ordained Dec. 5, 1750. Joseph Grant, Robert Ware, Obadiah Allen, Eben ezer Guild, Ephraim Knowlton, Samuel Ray, and John Hills, Jr., declaring themselves Anabaptists in 1752, were exempted from ministerial taxes. A part of Stoughton was annexed to Wrentham, in 1753, and the next year the inhabitants of the West Precinct praying the General Court to organize them into a separate district, a committee was chosen to oppose the petition ; and at the same time the town voted that " it was not in favor of the excise bill printed by the General Court." Nothing extraordinary seems to have occurred in the affairs of the town from this date until the year 1765, when the voters placed themselves on record in regard to the Stamp Act, so called, in the following decided language : "At a meeting of the freeholders and other inhabitants of the town, held by adjournment Nov. 1, 1765, it was unanimously voted that the following sentiments be recorded on the town book, that the children hereafter to be born may see the desire their ancestors had to hand down to them their rights and privileges as they received them from their ancestors, and that a copy thereof be sent to the Honorable, the House of Repre sentatives in General Court assembled. Gentlemen, as a free and full enjoyment of the inherent rights and privileges of natural, free-born subjects of Great Britain, long since precisely known and ascertained by uninterrupted practice and usage from the first settling of this country down to this day is of the utmost value, and ought to be contended for as the best frame of gov ernment in the world, though'with decency yet with the utmost firmness, having the strongest affection and loyalty to the King and the highest veneration for that august assembly the Par liament, and sincere regard for all our fellow-subjects in Great Britain, any attempt to deprive us of our rights and privileges as colonists must be very alarming, and as such we cannot for bear mentioning some of the proceedings of the late Ministry and especially of the late Parliament, commonly called the Stamp Act, which we apprehend is unconstitutional and oppres sive, as it wholly cancels the very conditions on which our an cestors settled this country and enlarged his Majesty's dominion in America, at their sole expense with vast treasure and blood, — that it totally deprives us of the happiest frame of civil gov ernment, expressed in our charter, — for by the charter of this Province the General Assembly has the power of making laws for its internal government and taxation, — and that no freeman shall be taxed, but by his own consent either in person or by proxy. And by this act a single judge of the Admiralty has power to try and determine our properties in controversies arising from internal concerns without a jury ; which in our opinion is contrary to the very expressions of Magna Charta — that no free man shall be amerced but by the oath of good and lawful men of the vicinage, and by this act it is certain that it puts it in the power of Mr. Informer or Prosecutor to carry the subject more than a thousand miles distance for trial. Who, then, would not pay a fine rather than to be thus harassed, guilty or not? What can be worse ? If his Majesty's subjects in America are not to be governed according to the known stated rules of the Constitution as those in Great Britain are, what then will be wanting to render us miserable and forlorn slaves? But supposing that these difficulties were imaginary only, yet we have reason to except against that act, as we apprehend con sidering the almost insupportable load of debt the Province is now under, and the scarcity of money. We have reason to think that the execution of that act for a short space would drain the country of its cash and strip multitudes of their prop erty and reduce them to desolate beggary. What then would be the consequence resulting from so sudden and convulsive a change in the whole course of our business we tremble to con sider. Gentlemen, as these are our sentiments of that act, we, the freeholders and other inhabitants of this town legally as sembled for that purpose, claim a share to join with all the friends of liberty on so important a point; but when we con sider the answer (this day read before the town) of the Honor able House to his Excellency's speech at the opening of the pres ent session so minutely pointing out the inherent rights of the colonies and the spirit that, runs through the whole form, it gives us the utmost satisfaction and strongest confidence under God to rely on the wisdom and integrity of the respectable body of the House, under whose paternal care and protection we have ever been a happy people. And we remain with the utmost assurance that no measures will be wanting by this Honorable House, in joining with all the other colonies in such remon strances and petitions as are consistent with our loyalty to the King and relation to Great Britain, for the repeal of said act, which we hope by the blessing of God will have its desired effect." This report was signed by Capt. John Goldsbury, Deacon Jabez Fisher, and Ensign Lemuel Kollock. This act so odious to our patriotic sires, signed March 8, 1765, by a commission on account of the king's insanity, rendered invalid every written instru ment which was not drawn upon stamped paper, to be purchased of the agents of the British government at WRENTHAM. 649 exorbitant prices, and punished every violation with severe penalties, suits for which were to be brought in any Admiralty or King's Marine Court throughout the colonies. The excitement extended throughout the province. The foregoing report was read to the town on the very day the act was to go into oper ation. Boston had assumed an attitude of defiance ; its people had determined that stamped paper should not be used ; had hung Oliver, the distributor, in effigy upon the old liberty-tree, and made him swear that he had not and would not distribute the odious stamps ; shouted liberty, property, and no stamps ; demolished the stamp-office, and making a bonfire of its materials on Fort Hill, had consigned the images of Oliver, Bute, and Grenville to the flames, calling themselves Sons of Liberty, and rending the air with huzzas for Pitt and liberty, even going so far as to ransack the house of Hutchinson, the chief justice, spoiling his furniture and throwing his books and manuscripts into the street. At a meeting in Faneuil Hall these riotous proceedings were denounced, but Boston's resistance to the stamp act was sustained by numerous towns in the province, among which Wren- tham's voice was heard in the emphatic yet temperate words of the manifesto above written. Jabez Fisher, the representative to the General Court, was instructed the following year to vote against charging the province for any of the damages caused by the riotous proceedings above mentioned, and also against extravagant grants for superfluities ; but to join in measures designed for the detection and punishment of the rioters. At the same time he was instructed to vote for a statue in honor of the most patriotic Pitt without any limitation annexed as to its cost. But in November following a committee reported to the town that, " considering his Majesty's most gra cious recommendation and the application of the suf ferers, the vote passed in August last be reconsidered and the following instructions be given to our repre sentative. ' To Mr. Jabez Fisher : Sir, we, your con stituents, his Majesty's dutiful and loyal subjects in town-meeting assembled, considering the gracious de sire of his Majesty that a veil be cast over the late times of tumult and disorder, and considering it as a point of prudence and true policy, instruct you that you give your vote to the purport of the bill which is prepared by the honorable House of Representatives at their last session entitled " An Act for granting compensation to the sufferers and of free and general pardon, indemnity and oblivion to the offenders in the late times," and that you use your influence accord ingly.' " This report being read twice before the town, after consideration and some debate, it was unanimously voted and accepted. The town chose a delegate to a convention to be holden in Faneuil Hall on the 22d day of September, 1768, to consult and advise such measures as his Majesty's service and the peace and safety of his subjects in the province may require. In 1771, Jabez Fisher was chosen representative to attend a General Court to be held at Harvard College. The House was convened at Salem and Cambridge, to avoid the influence of the people of Boston upon that assembly. The quarrels with the Governor at every session of the court tended to make clearer and clearer the fact that the British government intended to coerce the colonies. The House protested against being adjourned from Boston, and learning that the government officers were receiving salaries from the crown, it passed a tax-bill, including those officers in the list of persons to be taxed, which the Governor rejected on the ground that he was expressly forbid den from giving his consent to such an act upon any pretense whatsoever, which so roused the ire of the members of the House that they declared they knew of no commissioners of his Majesty's customs, nor of any revenue his Majesty had a right to establish in North America. The Governor also rejected the grants made to the agents of the province in Europe. Vessels of war, twelve in number, arrived and an chored in the harbor, and Sam Adams declared " that America must under God work out finally her own salvation." The clergymen of Boston refused (with one exception) to read the Governor's proclamation for Thanksgiving, but "implored Almighty God for the restoration of lost liberties." In April, 1722, the Governor convened the Assembly at Boston, and here the quarrel was renewed. A resolve having been passed denouncing the payment of the salary to the Governor by Great Britain, he was informed by the secretary for the colonies that the king had made pro vision for the support of his servants in the Massa chusetts Bay. A town-meeting was called (the court not being in session) ; John Hancock was moderator. The Governor was asked by this meeting " if stipends had been fixed to the offices of judges." He refused to answer. A message condemning the measure as contrary to the charter and the common law was sent to him, and requesting that the subject might be referred to the General Court. This request was also refused, and the General Court was not permitted to meet in December, the time to which it had been pro rogued. The Governor in his reply denied the right of the town to debate such matters, upon which it 650 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. was voted that the inhabitants of Boston have ever had, and ought to have, the right to petition the king for the redress of such grievances as they feel, or for preventing of such as they have reason to apprehend, and to communicate their sentiments to other towns. And Samuel Adams then proposed that step which, it has been said, " included the whole Revolution, viz., a committee of correspondence to consist of twenty-one persons, to state the rights of the colo nies, and of this province in particular, as men and Christians, and as subjects, and to communicate and publish the same to the several towns, and to the world, as the sense of this town, with the infringe ments or violations thereof that have been, or from time to time may be, made." This was the origin of the famous committee of correspondence, and it is in answer to their letter that the inhabitants of Wren tham, on the 11th day of January, 1773, returned the following spirited and patriotic reply : " First. Resolved, That the British constitution is grounded on the eternal law of nature, a constitution whose foundation and centre is liberty, which sends liberty to every subject that is, or may happen to be, within any part of its ample circum ference ; that every part of the British dominions hath a right freely to enjoy all the benefits and privileges of this happy con stitution, and that no power of legislation or government upon earth can justly abridge nor deprive any part of the British dominions of those liberties without doing violence to this happy constitution and its true principles ; that every part of the British dominions in which acts of the British Parliament are exercised contrary to the true principles of the constitution have, and always ought to have, a right to petition and remon strate, or to join in petitioning and remonstrating to the king, lords, and commons of Great Britain that all such acts of Par liament may speedily be removed, abrogated, and repealed. That the province of Massachusetts Bay have the right not only by nature and the laws of England, but by social compact, to enjoy all the rights, liberties, and immunities of natural and free-born subjects of Great Britain to all intents and purposes whatsoever; and that acts of the British Parliament imposing rates and duties on the inhabitants of this province while they are unrepresented in Parliament are violations of those rights, and ought to be contended for with firmness. " Resolved, That it is the opinion of this town that tho act of the British Parliament in assuming the power for the legislation of the colonies in all cases whatsoever, and in consequence of that act have carried into execution that assumed power, in lay ing duties on divers articles in the colonies for the express pur pose of raising a revenue without their consent, either by them selves or their representative, whereby the right which every man has to his own property is wholly taken away and destroyed ; and what is still more alarming is to see the amazing inroads which have been made, and still are making, on our charter rights and privileges by placing a Board of Commissioners among us under so large a commission, with a train of depend ents to sap the foundation of our industry; our coasts sur rounded with fleets; standing armies placed in free cities in time of peace without the consent of the inhabitants, whereby the streets of the metropolis of this province have been stained by the blood of its innocent inhabitants ; the Governor of the province made independent of the grants of the General As sembly ; large salaries affixed to the Lieutenant-Governor, the judges of the admiralty, etc. ; the amazing stretch of the power of the Courts of Vice-Admiralty, in a great measure depriving the people in the colonies of the right of trial by jury, and such like innovations, which are intolerable grievances, tending wholly to deprive us of our charter rights and privileges, pull down the constitution, and reduce us to a state of abject slavery." Another resolve against fixed salaries for the judges of the courts of common law follows, and another showing the tendency of these measures thus de nounced to produce absolute government. The last one acknowledges the care and vigilance of Boston. and assures them " That, as this town hopes never to be wanting in their duty and loyalty to their King, so they are ever ready to do every thing in .their power in a constitutional way to assist in carry ing into execution such measures as may be adopted to remove those difficulties we feel and to prevent those we have reason to fear. " In the name of the Committee. "David Man." These resolves were unanimously adopted by the town. The following year a committee of corres pondence was chosen, viz., Samuel Lethbridge, Jabez Fisher, Dr. Ebenezer Daggett, Mr. Lemuel Kollock, Capt. John Smith, Joseph Woodward, and David Man. A committee was also chosen to attend a con vention of the county at the house of Mr. Woodward, innholder, in Dedham, " to deliberate and determine on such matters as the distressed circumstances of the province require," and on Sept. 30, 1774, the town voted that a provincial congress was necessary. It also voted to purchase two pieces of cannon. Jabez Fisher was chosen delegate to a convention at Concord Oct. 2, 1774. Previous to this, viz., Sept. 15, 1774, Mr. Fisher had been chosen to repre sent the town in a General Court at Salem. But in the mean time Governor Gage, becoming alarmed at the tone of the resolves and votes passed in town- meetings and county conventions, issued his procla mation on the 28th day of September dispensing with the attendance of members and putting off the session until some more distant day. The instructions given to Mr. Fisher, the delegate to the Provincial Congress at Concord, were drafted by Ebenezer Daggett and Lemuel Kollock. They al lude to the fact that he is chosen at a time when the province is in consternation and confusion, briefly ad vert to the causes thereof, and instruct him to make the charter of the province the rule of his conduct, re fusing to acknowledge any mutilations or alterations of the charter as valid ; and that he should acknowl edge those counselors who were elected by the Gen eral Court as the only constitutional council of this WRENTHAM. 651 .' province, and if the congress should consequently be > dissolved, then to join with members from this and i other towns in a General Provincial Congress. Capt. Peres Cushing and Mr. Joseph Spear were j appointed chief gunners of the two field- pieces, and directed to see that each piece is fixed and kept with a carriage and utensils fit for action as soon as may be. It was voted also to increase the town's stock of ammunition. The constables were ordered to pay all province taxes in their hands or to be collected by them to Henry Gardner, of Stow, instead of Harrison Gray, the royal treasurer, and it was voted that the town would indemnify them against any consequences of such payment. This was decidedly a revolutionary step. The attitude of the town was unmistakable. No wonder they got their guns ready for immediate use and laid in more powder and ball. If King George had prevailed in the war against the colonies, our patriotic predecessors might have been hung for treason. In September, 1776, these guns were at Boston. In January, 1775, the town proceeded to create a military establishment, providing for the enlistment of minute-men, and proposed to send beef, pork, grain, and other provisions for the poor of Boston. The committee of correspondence chosen March 4, 1776, were Samuel Fisher, Dr. Ebenezer Daggett, Deacon Theodore Man, Mr. Joseph Fairbanks, Mr. John Craig, Mr. Daniel Holbrook, Mr. Hezekiah Fisher, Mr. Joseph Hawes, Capt. Asa Fairbanks, Capt. Peres Cushing, and Mr. Joseph Whiting, Jr. At the first alarm Wrentham was ready to send men to the battle-field. Her patriotism was not con fined to words. Witness the muster-rolls which pro claim this fact : "A Muster Roll of the Minute Company in the Colony ser vice which marched from Wrentham in the alarm on the 19th of April last past under the command of Capt. Oliver Pond." Oliver Pond, capt. Joseph Adams, private. Wigglesworth Messinger, 1st John Blake, private. "eut. William Wetherbee, private. Hezekiah Ware, 2d lieut. James Blake, private. Noah Pratt, sergt. Isaac Clewley, private. Elias Bacon, sergt. Benjamin Day, private. David Ray, sergt. John Druce, private. Nathan Blake, sergt. Asa Day, private. Nathan Hancock, corp. Jonathan Everett, private. Beriah Brastow, corp. Jonathan Felt, private. Aquilla Robbins, corp. Joseph Field, private. David Everett, private. Samuel Frost, private. Jeremiah Hartshorn, private. John Fisher, private. Theodore Kingsbury, private. Timothy Hancock, private. Ebenezer Kollock, private. Benjamin Rockwood, private. George Mann, private. Jacob Mann, private. Benjamin McLane, private. Peter Robeshaw, private. James Newhall, private. Joseph Raysey, private. John Porter, private. Benjamin Ray, private. Deodat Tisdale, private. Daniel Ware, private. Ware, private. Abijah Pond, private. Oliver Rouse, Jr., private. Hezekia.h Hall, drummer. Christopher Burlingame, fifer. "Alarm 19 April 1775. In council Feb. 23, 1776 read and allowed and ordered that a warrant be drawn on the Treasurer for £33. 3. 8. 1 in full of the within Roll. "Perez Morton, Sec'y." Also a muster-roll of the company in the colony which marched from Wrentham on the alarm on the 19th of April 1775 under the command of Capt. Benjamin Hawes,1 in Col. John Smith's Regiment. Benjamin Hawes, capt. William Green, soldier. Timothy Guild, 2d lieut. Jason Richardson, soldier. John Everett, sergt. Ephraim Knowlton, soldier. Abijah Blake, sergt. David Man, soldier. Daniel Guild, sergt. Jacob Daggett, soldier. John Kingsbury, soldier. Oliver Harris, soldier. Samuel Brastow, soldier. Samuel Wood, soldier. Daniel Holbrook, soldier. Ebenezer Field, soldier. James Holbrook, Jr., soldier. Henry Holbrook, soldier. Jeremiah Cobb, soldier. Jacob Ilo'brook, soldier. Elijah Farrington, corp. Samuel Richardson, Jr., Jason Blake, drum. soldier. Daniel Cobb, fifer. David Holbrook, soldier. Stephen Blake, soldier. Samuel Baker, soldier. Benjamin Pond, soldier. Turil Gilmore, soldier. Jacob Blake, soldier. Nathan Kingsbury, soldier. John Needham, soldier. John Hawes, soldier. Oliver Ware, soldier. Samuel Pettee, soldier. Moses Craig, soldier. Stephen Pettee, soldier. " Sopfolk 88. "Wrentham December yc 8th 1775. " Capt. Benjamin Hawes came before me and made solemn oath to the truth of the above-written muster-roll according to his best skill, knowledge, and judgment. Sworn before me Ebenezer Fisher, *' Just of Peace. " A true copy compared and examined by " Ephji Starkweather ~i " Edwd Rawson )¦ Coni'rs. " Jas Turner ' 1 Daniel Hawes, who was an early comer to Wrentham, had a son Benjamin, born March 14, 1695-96. He married Abigail Fisher, Dec. 9, 1724. One of their sons was Benjamin, who was born June 11, 1731, and was therefore about forty-four years of age when he commanded the company whose names are enrolled above. He was conspicuous in the controversy with the Rev. David Avery hereinafter related. Until within a few years a portion of the land originally laid out to the ances tor by the proprietors of lands in Wrenthan was in the posses sion of his descendants. Capt. Lemuel Kollock, who also commanded a company of minute-men in April, 1775, was a conspicuous and influential citizen, and his name often appears in connection with the patriotic measures discussed in the town-meetings. His death was occasioned by a fall from his horse on the 14th day of July, 1795, in the sixty-seventh year of his age. Capt. Samuel Cowell, the son of Joseph, was born in 1737. He commanded a company of minute-men at the time of the alarm in April, 1775, and probably at other times was com manding officer of men who were destined for the continental army, as was Capt. Samuel Fisher. Capt. David Holbrook, of the northerly part of the town, had command of a company at the time of the alarm in April, 1775. 652 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. "In council Feby ye 16th 1776 read and allowed and there upon ordered that a warrant be drawn on the Treasr for £29 4. 6. in full discharge of the within roll. "Perez Morton, " D. Sec'y." " Also a muster-roll of the company, in the colony service, which marched from Wrentham on the alarm on the 19th of April, 1775, under the command of Capt. Lemuel Kollock, in Col. John Smith's Regiment. Joseph Hewes, Jr., Privit. Benjamin Shepard, " Joseph Cook, John Bates, Nicholas Barton, " Lemuel Kollock, Capt. Joseph Everett, 1 Left. Swift Paysen, 2 do. John Whiting, Sergt. William Puffer, " Jesse Everett, " Timothy Pond, " Joseph Ware, Privit. Ebenezer Gilbert, " Jeremiah Day, " Ichabod Turner, " Daniel Mumm, " Stephen Harding, " Aaron Hall, " Daniel Messinger, " L. W. Messinger, " Isaac Richardson, " Isaac Fisher, " Daniel Gould, " Obediah Man, " Ebenezer Blake, " John Dale, Ralph Freeman, Sam1 Bolkom, Ephraim Hunt, James Blake, Jeremiah Pond, Jonathan Shepard, Benjamin Guild, 2d, Ebenezer Fisher, Jr., Joseph Hancock, Eiisha Turner, David Ware, Ebenezer Allen, Nathan Moss, Jesse Ballou, "Sworn to and examined &, compared with the original, and £24 7. 11 allowed for pay in full." There were also companies commanded by Capts. John Boyd, Asa Fairbanks, and Elijah Pond respec tively, that marched from Wrentham on the 19th day of April, 1775, in the colony service. Capt. Thomas Bacon commanded a company that marched from Wrentham April 30, 1775. Capt. Samuel Cowell also had command of a company about the same time- It also appears from the military rolls at the State, House, that a number of men of the company called the North Company, in the West Precinct, enlisted into the Continental army in 1778. Also a company under the command of Capt. Samuel Fisher, composed largely of Wrentham men, enlisted for three years or during the war. Capt. Oliver Pond, of Wrentham, enlisted in the eight-months' service in the Continental army, in Col. Joseph Read's regiment, April 27, 1775. He was first captain in this, the Sixth Massachusetts. After wards the regiment was called the Thirteenth Massa chusetts Regiment. Upon the expiration of the time — eight months — he again enlisted for one year. He went with the army from the neighborhood of Boston to New York, and then to the " Jerseys," and partici pated in the battles of Trenton and Princeton and other contests of the campaign. In 1777, in consequence, it is understood, of some acts or of some proposed acts of the Continental Congress in regard to the army and its officers which were displeasing to him, he resigned his office of cap tain and left the army. But when Shay's rebellion broke out he took com mand of the military company which marched from Wrentham and vicinity to Springfield, where the rebels, refusing to lay down their arms, and having been fired upon, fell into confusion and soon dispersed. The roll of that company was almost the only paper of Capt. Pond's that escaped the fire, when the house in which he was residing was burned. He was often honored by his fellow-townsmen by appointment to places of trust and responsibility. A soldier of the Revolution, who had known him well, summed up his opinion of the hero in these two lines of his epitaph, — • " None more wise, more fit for duty, None more faithful to his trust."1 Upon the 5th day of June, 1776, among other in structions given to their representatives in General Court, the inhabitants in open town-meeting adopted the following : " We, your constituents therefore think that to be subject or dependent on the crown of Great Britain would not only be impracticable but unsafe to the State. The inhabitants of this town therefore, in full town-meeting, unanimously instruct and direct you to give your vote that if the Honorable American Congress, in whom we place the highest confidence under God, should think it necessary for the safety of the united colonies to declare them inde pendent on Great Britain, that we, your constituents, with our lives and fortunes, will most cheerfully sup- port them in the measure." We should look in vain in any history of the war of the Revolution for a more decided manifestation of spirit. It was, indeed, the spirit of the times. Every man who voted for these instructions was a traitor to his king ; a rebel against the government to which he owed allegiance. But alarming as was the pros pect, fearful as might be the consequences, our pa triotic fathers did not hesitate to assume this attitude. We know not the history of the struggle until we ex amine the recorded acts and opinions of the little revo lutionary towns whose spirit sustained the courage of Assemblies and Congresses. This vote, it will be ob served, was passed one month before Congress declared 1 Ephraim Pond, the ancestor of Capt. Oliver, was one of the members of the first church in 1692. He married Deborah Hawes in 1685. His son, Ephraim, born in 1686, had a son, Ephraim, who married, in 1736, Michal Man, the daughter of William Man, and a granddaughter of the Rev. Samuel Man. Their second son, born July 29, 1737, was Oliver Pond. WRENTHAM. 653 ence of Great Britain. His majesty's name was omitted for the first time in the warrants in 1775, and the freeholders were summoned in the name of the government and people of the Massachusetts Bay for the first time May 6, 1776. The town voted that the soldiers who enlisted for three years should receive forty shillings per month from the town ; and in obedience to an act of the General Court the selectmen fixed a tariff for articles commonly sold. In May, 1777, the instructions to Benjamin Guild, the representative, contain the following : " New scenes of horror and devastation present themselves, while the fleets and armies of the tyrant of Great Britain are on our coasts, and around our dwellings we are disturbed by internal enepiies," and they direct him to give his vote for a constitution and frame of government. And a committee was chosen to inform the government against loyalists, and another to hire men to complete this town's quota. It was also voted that the families of those who have gone to the war be provided for. In 1778, the town voted to accept the articles of confederation. A report of the committee to hire sol diers for the war stated that a seventh part of the male inhabitants were enlisted in the war as soldiers, and the sum of eighteen hundred pounds was voted to defray the expenses of raising the town's quota of the Continental army. On the 20th of May of the same year the in habitants gave their votes in favor of the first consti tution and frame of popular government in,Massachu- setts. But the people of the colony rejected it. At the same time provision was again made for the fami lies of non-commissioned officers and soldiers who had gone to the war. In 1779, a committee against monopoly and fore stalling was chosen, and ninety-two votes were cast for a constitutional convention, — none against it. The town, notwithstanding the straits to which it was re duced, did not forget the men who had gone to the battle-fields, as appears by the frequent votes passed in aid of their families. An instance occurred this year in a vote of twenty pounds to the heirs of John Druce "as a bounty for his enlisting into the Conti nental army." They also still resolved to maintain the war by hiring and paying men to enlist into the ser vice, and exempted them from taxation. In September, 1780, a committee was chosen to procure beef for the army, and in January of the fol lowing year the sum of one hundred and twenty thou sand pounds was granted to hire the men called for to serve in the Continental army for three years and to pay for beef for the army The General Court hav ing required Wrentham to furnish a certain number of shirts, hose, and blankets, the selectmen inform the assessors that the sum of four hundred and sixteen pounds in silver is necessary for this purpose, and as there is no money in the treasury they are requested to assess the sum upon the inhabitants in silver money. This was about the time when, notwithstanding successes at the South, the country seemed to be on the brink of ruin. Although aid seemed at hand upon the arrival of Rochambeau and De Grasse, and although some temporary relief had been obtained, yet no sufficient and reliable means of supplying the wants of the army had been provided. The enemy was in possession of a large part of the country ; the Americans, whose campaigns were to be extensive, had scarcely an army and were wholly without money. Their bills of credit were worthless, not being a legal tender, or taken even for taxes. Borrowing of France, Spain, and Holland was attempted. Franklin obtained a gift of six millions of livres from Louis XVI., who also guaranteed a loan of ten millions made by Hol land to the United States. This success, added to the labors of Robert Morris, the new treasurer, who brought not only zeal and great ability but his own private fortune to the rescue, brought confidence to the public, and economy took the place of waste. Upon the conclusion of the war the town instructed the representative " to use his influence to persuade the General Court to call on Congress to redeem the outstanding bills of credit now in the hands of treas urers and individuals in this State ; and that the delegates in Congress be directed to obtain without delay a liquidation of all Continental accounts, that this State may speedily know their due proportion of the public expense, so that a just average may be made through the United States as soon as may be of the public debt. The town, in 1776, being threatened with a visita tion of the smallpox, Josiah Blake's house was ordered to be used for a hospital. And the next year Dr. Daggett was authorized " to carry on in oculation of the small pox at that house on certain conditions." The town at last agreed, in 1778, that the inhab itants of the West Precinct might be set off into a separate township, according to certain metes and bounds. The General Court passed an act in ac cordance with the desire of the petitioners, incor porating the inhabitants of the West Precinct into a township by the name of Franklin, with boundaries which differed but little if any from the bounds of 654 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. the precinct. This was on the 2d day of March, 1778. Foxborough having been incorporated June 10, 1778, from parts of Wrentham, Walpole, Stoughton, and Sharon, a report was made of the amounts due to several persons within the limits of the new town ship, being the sums which they had paid towards building the meeting-house. The whole sum was £26 0s. 10d.3qr. In 1779 the salary voted the Rev. Mr. Bean was one thousand pounds. The year previous his salary was one hundred and thirty pounds. This shows how rapidly and alarmingly the currency had depreciated. To illustrate this, I will add that the assessors were directed in assessing the one thousand pounds for Mr. Bean to make a separate column of what each per son's proportion would be in a tax of £66 13s. 4d., and that any person might pay his proportion of said sum as follows, viz. : Indian corn at three shillings per bushel, good ground malt at five shillings per bushel, rye at four shillings, clear salt pork at five pence per pound, good mutton at two pence two farthings per pound, tried tallow at sixpence per pound, good wool at one shilling four pence per pound, good flax at eight pence per pound, and other ne cessary articles as they were commonly sold before the year 1775. The inference is that the one thousand pounds in the currency of that day was equal to only £66 13s. id.1 It was in the same year (1779) voted " that Mr. Bean use Doct. Watts' hymns as well as psalms in singing in public assembly in this town." Having in May, 1780, voted against the new con stitution, the inhabitants granted fifty thousand pounds to defray town charges, and, upon the 4th of September, cast their first votes for a Governor and other State officers. Fifty-seven votes were given, all for John Hancock. The representative was instructed to vote for the repeal of the excise act, " because it obliges every individual who consumes rum and other spirituous liquors to pay duties on the same; the most wealthy, who purchase large quantities, are not subject to pay any duties on the same, as the act now stands." The voters expressed their disapprobation of the act of the Continental Congress called the Commu tation Act (granting half-pay for life to all officers who should serve until the end of the war) ; they also disapproved of the Society of the Cincinnati. For some years the subject of a new county had 1 A committee reported that the payments made to Mr. Bean since the commencement of the war would not be equal to seventy pounds in silver. been agitated, and Wrentham was quite urgent upon the matter, sending delegates to conventions holden to consider that subject, and instructing the repre sentatives in General Court to endeavor to accom plish it. Boston was the shire town, and all county and court business must be done there at very great inconvenience. But the new county was not estab lished by the General Court until 1793. On the 2d day of August, 1784, the town voted to join with the church in giving Mr. Adoniram Judson a call to settle in the ministerial office as a colleague with the Rev. Joseph Bean. There were one hundred and five votes in his favor and eighty- four against him. Mr. Judson declined the call, and a committee was chosen for the purpose of hiring preaching. Mr. Bean died Dec. 12, 1784. The kind offers of several clergymen, who had tendered each a day's preaching for the late Mr. Bean's family, were accepted. Mr. Bean's publications were a century sermon, preached Oct. 26, 1773, one hundred years after the town was incorporated, and printed by request in 1774 ; and a sermon preached before the congrega tion of the First Church and Parish of Wrentham " On a Day of Public Humiliation, Fasting, and Prayer," a.d. 1775. Published in 1837. Of Mr. Bean's ancestry but little is known. It seems that he was established in business in Cam bridge, Mass., and was converted under the preaching of Whitefield and Tennent. He left his business and entered college and was graduated, at the age of thirty years, in 1748. He was ordained Dec. 5, 1750, and married Elizabeth, daughter of the Rev. Henry Mes singer, his predecessor in the ministry in Wrentham. The epitaph on his gravestone is as follows : " Near half an age with every good man's praise Among his flock ye shepherd passed his days; The friend ye comfort of ye sick and poor, Want never knocked unheeded at his door. Oft when his duty call'd, disease & pain Strove to confine him ; but they strove in vain, All mourn his death ; his virtues long they tri'd ; They knew not how they lov'd him till he dy'd." In October, 1785, the town voted to join the church in the call and settlement of the Rev. David Avery to the work of the ministry in this place by one hun dred and fifty-one votes to one against it. A com mittee having been chosen " to fix his settlement," reported that two hundred pounds be given to Mr. Avery ; and one hundred pounds per annum as his salary. This report was adopted by the town.2 2 " The Rev. David Avery was born April 5, 1746, in Franklin, Connecticut. His father's name was John. He was converted by WRENTHAM. 655 Mr. Avery's reply to the invitation of the church and town was as follows : "To the Congregational Church and Society of the town or Wrentham. — Brethren and Gentlemen, as you were pleased on the tenth of October last to unite in inviting me to settle in the Gospel Ministry I have taken your proposals into serious and mature consideration, and do now in the sincerity and cheerfulness of my heart declare my acceptance of your call. And I do also engage without reserve in the strength of Christ carefully and faithfully to exercise my office amongst you foryour spiritual advantage and highest interest as long as the preaching of Whitefield, fitted for college at D. Wheelock's Bohool, Connecticut, entered Yale College, and was graduated in 1769. He engaged in teaching Indian schools. He studied theology with Rev. Dr. E. Wheelock, of Dartmouth College, preached on Long Island, and in 1771 was ordained as mission ary to the Oneida Indians. Leaving this field he returned to New England and was installed at Gageboro' (now Windsor), Vt., March 25, 1773, and dismissed April 14, 1777, to go as chaplain in the army. On his return he was settled at Bennington, Vt., May 3, 1780, and dismissed June 17, 1783, and settled at Wren tham May 25, 1786, and dismissed April 21, 1794. He preached afterwards to a congregation at North Wrentham, where a church was organized in 1795, until some time in 1797, when he re- movod to Mansfield, Conn. He engaged in missionary labor under the direction of the Massachusetts Domestic Missionary Society, going into New York and Maine. He afterwards, from 1798 to 1801, preached in Chaplin, Conn., having gathered a new church and society there, called the Union Church. In 1817 he visited his daughter, Mrs. Hewett, in Shepardstown, Va. He received a cordial and unanimous call to settle in Middle- town, in the vicinity of Shepardstown, but was taken ill and died there, and was buried on the week of his intended installa tion, the clergy of the invited council officiating as bearers. His voice was so clear and sonorous and his articulation so dis- tinot that it was a common saying in the army that every soldier in a brigade could hear all that be said. When the news of the battle of Lexington reached Gageboro' Mr. Avery's parishioners assembled in arms, formed themselves into a com pany, elected him for their captain, and marched for Cambridge on the 22d of April, Mr. Avery preached at Northampton the next day from Neh. iv. 14. They arrived at Cambridge Satur day 29th, and were honorably received and congratulated by the troops assembled. Mr. Avery preached on Sunday afternoon to the troops from a temporary stage erected in the college area, from Neh. iv. 14, and on Monday he began a regular course of morning and evening prayer with the regiment to which he belonged. On Tuesday he commenced visiting and praying with the sick and wounded regulars in the hospitals. May 11th, fast-day, he preached on Cambridge common ; May 29th he volunteered with an expedition to Noddles' Island, where there was a brisk skirmish, standing guard two hours. July 20th, having preached to the troops again, it being a fast-day ordered by the Continental Congress, he on the 27th read to the troops the declaration of war against Gen. Gage. His people (of Gageboro') consented that he might engage in the next cam paign, the neighboring ministers agreeing to supply his pulpit two-thirds of the time while he was absent. Mr. Avery often aoted as physician and assistant surgeon. He was at the taking of Burgoyne, the capture of the Hessians at Trenton, and in the battle of Princeton. When settled at Bennington, at the request of the Governor and Council he took the field with Gen. Allen, and was in the battle of Bennington and assisted in dressing the wounds of the soldiers." — Hist. Mend. Ass. divine wisdom shall see fit to continue me with you. And may God Almighty grant that we may be mutual comforts and bless ings to each other that we may rejoice together in each other at the appearing of Jesus Christ, to whom be glory in the churches throughout all ages world without end. Amen. "David Avery." Three years afterwards his salary was increased to one hundred and thirty pounds, so well and smoothly had pastor and people moved together. So auspi cious a settlement would seem to augur well for church and people. The vote was nearly unanimous, it seemed to be hearty. Yet the dawn was soon over cast and a violent ministerial quarrel commenced, des tined to end only with the disruption of the pastoral and ministerial relation. In 1791 the warrant for town-meeting, among other things, contained an article "to see if the in habitants . . . are satisfied with the Rev. David Avery as a Gospel Minister," and " provided the major part of the town are satisfied with the Rev. David Avery, to see if the town will consent that any persons that are dissatisfied may go to any other society to do duty and receive privilege," and " to see if it be the mind of the town to recommend the Rev. David Avery to call a church meeting, agreeable to the request of Deacon David Holbrook and others presented to him Oct. 15, 1790." Although no action was taken at this meeting, yet the fact that such an one was called was equivalent to a declara tion that war had begun. It is true that in the scanty memorials of that controversy we find no record of its severity or bitterness in hostile speeches and partisan manifestoes preserved, yet tradition says it was marked by unusual asperity, that not only the community, but families were divided into Averians and Anti-Averians. A few years since people were living whose memory went back to that time, who, in their young days, had had their ears stunned with the din of the conflict, and whose eyes saw the veteran combatants go to the field with as much zeal as the Crusaders of former days went against the Infidel. Meeting after meeting was held, council upon council convened, war-worn veterans were appointed to guard the door of the church to keep out the minister whom they had so unanimously called. The division was so wide and so deadly that reconciliatiou became imprac ticable. In the progress of the controversy Mr. Avery and his adherents withdrew, or were forced from the meeting-house, and the pulpit was supplied by a com mittee. Eventually, as a result of this unfortunate division, the church at North Wrentham was organ ized largely from those who had adhered to Mr. Avery. A committee, chosen by the town, to treat with 656 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. Mr. Avery, to see on what conditions he will agree to dissolve his pastoral connection with this society, re ported his answer as follows : " As things appear to me, I do not think it consistent with my duty I owe to God and this people to treat with this committee on the subject of dissolving my pastoral relation." It was then resolved, after long debate, that Mr. Avery come into this meeting, and give his reasons why he could not treat with the committee on the subject of dissolving his pastoral relation with this people. This meeting was adjourned to eight o'clock the next morning, and a committee chosen to invite Mr. Avery to attend, and then the meeting was ad journed until one o'clock, at which time Mr. Avery attended, and read before the town his reasons why he could not treat with said committee. The mod erator then, in behalf of the town, requested the rev erend gentleman to lay his reasons on the table, or a copy of them ; but he said he should not. It was then voted by the town that he be requested to lay said reasons on the table, that they might be consid ered by paragraphs, but in the interim the reverend gentleman withdrew. It was then determined " that a committee of ten be chosen, five from each side of the question, to consider the difficulties the town labors under respecting their pastor, and that they act discretionary and report to the town at the ad journment." This committee were Elias Bacon, Lemuel Kollock, John Hall, Abijah Fisher, David Fisher, Thomas George, James Smith, Amos Walton, Daniel Messinger, and Ebenezer Blake, Jr., and, after conference, reported that they could not agree. In the warrant for the April town-meeting was an article " to see if it be the mind of the town to em ploy the Rev. David Avery any longer as a public teacher of piety and religion and morality, or after due consideration of the ill consequences which may be expected from our remaining in our present un happy situation, whether it is not best for the cause of religion and the happiness of this society to em ploy a public teacher whose sentiments and perform ances may better correspond with the ideas of this society in so important a station ;" also, " if circum stances require a separation, to determine on what conditions it shall be made, and which party shall improve the meeting-house. Upon the 4th of February, 1793, the town, upon a vote by yeas and nays, " resolved by seventy-four to one not to employ Mr. Avery as a gospel minister in this place any longer." Lemuel Kollock, Esq., Oliver Pond, Esq., and Dr. Jenks Norton were appointed a committee to inform Mr. Avery of this vote. On the 11th of the same month it was resolved that a confer ence be held " on the subject of our difficulties with the Rev. Mr. Avery and his adherents, and the propriety of his removal from the ministerial office in this place and that several neighboring divines be requested to attend and assist us in said conference, and that we request Mr. Avery and his adherents to join with us in this conference and in the choice of divines for that purpose ; and that, after sufficient inquiry may be made into the nature and grounds of our difficulties and each party have expressed their ideas upon the subject, the divines be desired to give their opin ion on the case and to advise the parties to such meas ures as may tend to dispel the difficulties and reinstate peace and harmony ; and if Mr. Avery don't think fit to join in such conference that he and his adherents be requested to join in calling an Ecclesiastical Coun cil to hear and judge and give their advice upon all the difficulties which shall be stated to them by the aggrieved bretheren of the church and congregation previous to the choice of the council." A committee was appointed to wait upon Mr. Avery and inform him of these votes and request his answer. Mr. Avery's answer was as follows : " To those of the inhabitants of the town of Wrentham who have assumed to act as a town-meeting and to pass votes rel ative to me, David Avery, minister of the Congregational Church and people in said town. "Gentlemen : I have this day received from you two pro posals viz : First, that I with my adherents hold a conference with you on the subject of your difficulties with me and the propriety of my removal from the ministerial office in this place. Secondly, and if I don't think fit to join in said conference that I and my adherents be requested to join in calling an Ecclesi astical Council to hear and Judge and to give advice upon all the difficulties which shall be stated to them by the aggrieved bretheren of the church and congregation previous to the choice of the Council. To these proposals I beg leave to answer so far as they respect my voice, that I see not that I can comply with them as I deem your meeting illegal and you not to be in a proper capacity as the town of Wrentham for making these pro posals. " David Avery." The above answer being read and duly considered, it was voted that a committee of five men be chosen to join with the aggrieved brethren of the church " to state all the difficulties we labor under respecting the Rev. David Avery, our pastor, and to lay it before the council." This committee consisted of Lemuel Kollock, Esq., Capt. Benjamin Shepard, Nathan Blake, Oliver Pond, Esq., Jeremiah Day, Dr. Jenks Norton, and Maj. Samuel Cowell. Previous to these votes and acts of the town the church had been deeply stirred by the controversy. In the year 1792 there had been a trial of the pastor before the church upon charges of heresy and impru dence, of which he was acquitted by a small majority. WRENTHAM. 657 We have now but scant means of ascertaining what were the peculiar tenets of Mr. Avery that were deemed so heretical. But the statement of the Rev. Eiisha Fisk, who succeeded him in the ministry at Wrentham, may be received as no doubt a true and careful one. He says, " Some errors in the doctrines of my immediate predecessor and his treatment of those who differed from him were said to be the ex citing cause of the difficulties which had existed. One of the subjects on which he strongly and fre quently insisted was that the atonement consisted in the obedience of Christ, and that his sufferings and death made no part of it only as they were matters of obedience. This was contrary to what was believed to be the teaching of the Scriptures on a fundamental point, to the articles of faith and to the preaching of the former ministry. In some other minor points he was thought to be incorrect. Instead of being conciliating towards those who were dissatisfied it was said that he was overbearing, and made the impression that there was a ruling mind in the church, and that what he wished must be done. For this all the church and people were not prepared." Speaking of Mr. Avery himself, Mr. Fisk says, " He was a man of commanding personal appearance, of a handsome address, of a loud and well modulated voice. Apart from his band and black coat, he might have been taken for a general instead of a chaplain in the army, as he actually had been." At the request of a minority of the church a meet ing was called in August of the same year for the purpose of conference on present difficulties, and, if necessary, to appoint a mutual council. A discussion arose as to what was to be submitted to the council. The Anti-Averians wished to lay before them all the difficulties in which they found themselves, and to ask the advice of the council thereon involving the question of dismissing Mr. Avery. But the influ ence of the pastor was strong enough to restrict that action to the precise grounds of complaint which had been alleged in his recent trial by the church. Thus limited, the council simply revised the doings of the church, reversing its judgment in some particulars, and sustaining it in others, and advised Mr. Avery carefully to review his sentiments, and to avoid in his public discourses all expressions which may tend to destroy solemnity and excite levity, and in all his conversation to express himself with prudence and moderation, and the church were advised to exercise candor and tenderness towards their pastor. Some twelve months before this Mr. Avery had been requested by thirteen members of the church to call a meetfng thereof to take the opinion of the church upon certain questions involving the points deemed by these members heretical. To this request he replied " that, if the whole church should request him to call a church meeting, he would not do it unless he thought it best." In 1793, at a church meeting, the aggrieved brethren requested Mr. Avery and his adherents to join them in the choice of an ecclesiastical council " who should consider all our matters of grievance respecting Mr. Avery's doctrine and conduct, and the expediency of dissolving his pastoral relation." Whereupon Mr. Avery invited the majority to repair to his house, and there it was voted not to join with the minority in the choice of an ecclesiastical council. Then a letter was addressed to him, as follows : " Rev. Sir, — Forasmuch as di vision and disunion are become very prevalent in this place by reason of your sentiments and conduct, which we have publicly complained of and which we apprehend have been principally condemned by the late mutual council ; and forasmuch as there appears not the least prospect of harmony being restored to this divided church and town without your removal, we therefore most earnestly request you to ask a dis mission from your pastoral relation to us." This was dated Feb. 8, 1793, and was signed by twenty- two members of the church. The aggrieved brethren then joined with a committee of the town in a letter-missive to several churches, desiring them to meet in council to consider the subject of recog nizing them as the First Church in Wrentham. In accordance with this request the churches above mentioned sent delegates to a council which convened on the 26th day of March, 1793, and invited Mr. Avery and his adherents to join with a view to restore the peace and union of this town, and particularly to consider the subject of a petition to the General Court for an act of incorporation. Mr. Avery refused this invitation. Then the council determined among other things that about one-half of the acting male members appeared to be conscientiously aggrieved with the pastor's deviation from principles and discipline, that Mr. Avery's adher ents have petitioned the General Court for an act of incorporation ; that the step which the aggrieved breth ren have taken in calling a council, appears to have been the only one left them to obtain redress ; that they have honored themselves by seeking in a patient and persevering manner redress of their grievances according to the usual practice of Congregational Churches ; and after some reflections and suggestions arising from their unhappy condition recognize them as the original Congregational Church in Wrentham, together with such as should join them. At a church 658 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. meeting May 23, 1793, the minority took into con sideration the result of the late council, and after stating also the fact that Mr. Avery's adherents had petitioned to be incorporated as the original Congre gational Church in Wrentham, declare that this was probably done by the advice of Mr. Avery, who thereby had left the rest of the church and the town to take care of themselves or to worship with a min ister whom they had long considered a grievance ; that they had been recognized by the council as the original church, and finding that the petitioners have notified the town according to the order of the court and thereby fully manifested their intention to be a separate society, therefore voted that the pastoral re lation between this church and the Rev. David Avery is dissolved. After voting to adhere to the church covenant of 1699, they also passed a vote to request the town to join them in obtaining and settling a minister. It may be remarked here, that the town had in April, 1793, remonstrated against the incor poration of a new society. In June Mr. Avery appointed a meeting of all the members that formerly belonged to the church to meet at the meeting-house. The recognized church met at the house of Abijah Fisher, and chose a committee to inform Mr. Avery " that if he or his adherents have any business with us or any proposals to make to us they may know where to treat with us." The committee reported to Mr. Avery at the meeting house, who said in reply to their message that he knew but one church in this town. On June 25, 1793, Mr. Avery had a council at his house, who sent a message to the recognized church that they were ready to receive any proposals. That body replied that their recognition shall be no obstacle to the general peace and union of the congregation, and upon Mr. Avery's being removed from every pre tence of a pastoral relation to the church in this town, they would joyfully consent to a firm union. After one or two more messages all communication ceased. In July the church voted that since the deacons, treasurer, and a number of the members had gone off with Mr. Avery having all the church lands and other property, that a committee be chosen to settle with their late treasurer, and request him to deliver up the property in his hands for the use of said church,' and to demand of Mr. Avery peaceable possession of the church lands and to forbid any per son to improve said lands and prosecute them if ne cessary. Deacons Thomas Man and Jacob Pond were invited to join the original recognized church. In December, Mr. Avery was invited to join them in calling a mutual council to give their opinion and advice upon all matters of difficulty and the propr ety of his dismission from his ministerial office undf all circumstances. Twenty-four members joined i this invitation. Mr. Avery replied that he did nc know them in their assumed capacity ; that it was to weighty a matter to act upon without the sanction c the church, and would be incompatible with the rule of Congregational Churches and the eighteenth chap ter of Matthew, He was asked to put his answer ii writing, but he refused. Some other attempts wer made but proved fruitless ; and as it was improbable tha Mr. Avery would ever consent to submit the questioi to a mutual council according to their request, it wai resolved by the old church to summon a council foi that purpose. The town was notified and requestec to join, and did join. Mr. Avery and his adherents were also notified and requested to join. In the mean time while the above correspondence was taking place between the members of the recognized church and Mr. Avery, the town was also acting on the same subject. A correspon dence ensued between the town and Mr. Avery by committees, but it ended in a flat refusal of Mr. Avery to recognize the town-meetings as legal. The town, therefore, after exhausting all other means, requested him to ask a dismission. This he refused, and the town proceeded to declare his ministerial relation to it dissolved by seventy-seven votes against twenty- seven. This was on May 20, a.d. 1793. It was also made a matter of complaint that Mr. Avery and his adherents had inaugurated a movement for a new incorporation ; and the town declared that if it took place it would be of itself a dissolution of the rela tion between it and Mr. Avery, and voted in June to hire a gospel minister to supply the pulpit here agree able to the request of the original Congregational Church in this town. At the town-meeting in June a letter from Mr. Avery was read, referring to the town's vote of dismissal and declaring it illegal, and tendering his services to the town as its minister, re questing that he might not be obstructed in the free and unembarrassed use of his office in this place. In reply the town declare that " the tender of his services has but little claim to attention, but that they wish not to disturb him in the free exercise of his minis trations to those who wish to improve him, provided the town is not interrupted thereby ; that the town propose soon to have a preacher of the gospel, and remonstrated against his using the meeting-house and pulpit any longer as a minister, and caution him against obstructing the town in the free and unem barrassed use thereof for the public worship of God in future." A committee was chosen and instructed WRENTHAM. 659 to keep the meeting-house shut on the Sabbath in future " unless the committee chosen to procure preach ing should desire it ; provided that Mr. Avery might have it for his council ; further, if he and his ad herents will engage to let us have it in peace when we shall want it at all other times it may be open for their improvement." In January, 1794, the town voted as has been stated to join the original Congre gational Church in calling an ecclesiastical council. This council assembled at the house of Col. Benja min Hawes on the 25th day of March, 1794, and after a vain attempt to persuade Avery to join it, proceeded to the meeting-house and conducted their proceedings in public. The report of the council, which was unanimous, sustains the disaffected brethren and town except in voting Mr. Avery's dismission without the advice of a council. By their advice both the recognized church and town voted again that Mr. Avery be dismissed from his pastoral and ministerial relations. The brethren notified him of this vote, he in reply cen sured their proceedings and still claimed to be their minister. In May of the same year the brethren of the recognized church proceeded to organize. Deacons Man and Pond were invited to return, but as they did not, the church made choice of deacons pro tem pore. Mr. Avery's adherents generally were also in vited. A committee was appointed to reckon with Thomas Man, church treasurer, that the church might know what was in his hands, and forbid him from paying any of the church money to Mr. Avery ; also a committee was chosen to demand of Mr. Avery the church records. On the 30th day of July the Averians invited the brethren of the recognized church to join in request ing Mr. Avery to join with the church in calling a mutual council to consider, first, how the parties should be reunited ; second, the dismission of the pastor in his especial relation to them, the Averians ; and if this be deemed expedient that the council should pre scribe the way in which his dismission ought to be effected. To this the recognized brethren on the 11th day of August reply, first, that the matters embraced in the communication are important, and that they wish to treat them with all respect which their unhappy situation. . . . requires ; that reunion with the Ave- rins is their earnest wish (excepting Mr. Avery him self). . . . that they consider Mr. Avery legally dis missed and therefore cannot comply with the second request of his adherents. This drew out an able re joinder from the Averians, concluding with a proposal to join in requesting Mr. Avery to unite with the church in calling a mutual council to consider first whether he is or is not the minister ; second, if he be the minister, is it expedient that he should be dis missed from his special relation to us (the adherents), and if expedient how it shall be effected ; third, how shall the parties be reunited? The brethren of the recognized church replied and declined the proposal. This was on the 20th of Sep tember. On the 2d of October Mr. Avery, on be half of himself and his adherents, made a communi cation, stating that they should make no further pro posals at present. In 1795, Deacons Man and Pond refusing to give any account of church property in their hands, and having attempted to seize the tankards and other vessels made use of at communion seasons, the church voted that unless they should appear at the next church meeting, and give the church satisfaction, they ought to be dismissed. John Hall, Philip Blake, and Amos Walton were chosen deacons, and in March Deacons Man and Pond were dismissed. The new officers were instructed to demand the church records of Mr. Avery, and a committee was chosen to confer with Mr. Avery's adherents, with a view to accom plish a reconciliation. On the 20th of October a council, held at Mr. Avery's house, resolved that reunion was very desir able, and therefore advised Mr. Avery to ask a dis mission, and the church (that portion of it which ad hered to him) to grant it. This was accordingly done in presence of the council, and communicated to the brethren of the recognized church, who ac knowledge the receipt, and state that they are heartily desirous of reunion as soon as a church meeting could be regularly appointed for that purpose ; this was signed by eight members. The council being, as they say, discouraged by this reply, proceeded to the business before them. After deciding various ques tions of church discipline, they recommended the adherents of Mr. Avery to serve the moderator of the recognized church with an attested copy of the result of this council, and also to hold themselves, for four weeks afterwards, in readiness to reunite with them upon gospel principles, but if they should refuse a reunion, then it was the opinion of the council that the churches ought to allow them to be a church of Christ in regular standing, and that they, the coun cil, would consider them a sister church, and treat them in all respects according to the rules of Chris tian fellowship and holy order. Upon the 23d of November the recognized church informed those who lately adhered to Mr. Avery that they desired reunion, and waited to hear them speak their wishes on the subject, and in December a conference was voted. 660 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. The committee of conference met, Mr. Emmons being with them by request. The Averians presented two papers containing proposals. The first proposed that the recognition should be renounced and the votes dismissing the deacons canceled. This the recog nized church agreed to, with the amendment that when they dismissed the deacons they thought it justifiable, and had seen no reason to alter their opin ion, but for reasons mentioned would cheerfully re scind that vote, and do hereby rescind it. This amendment was rejected by the Averians. The second paper contained a renunciation on the part of the Averians of superiority to the other brethren, and all pretensions to separation, although they had heretofore claimed to be the church of Christ in Wrentham. The third paper proposed amnesty and oblivion. The brethren of the recognized church responded to these proposals after some statements, first, that they would overlook error of judgment, and suppress unchristian and unfriendly reflections upon conduct ; secondly, would require the same of the Averians ; thirdly, that members of each communion should be mutually admitted to the other ; fourthly, that this reciprocity should also be extended to the deacons of either body ; fifthly, and also to the church records of each party, that they may be ad monished in time to come not to fall out by the way ; sixthly, each party shall consider these united factions as the same church as before the separation, mutually renouncing all claim to superiority ; seventhly, this reunion to be publicly ratified in church meeting on some future day mutually agreed upon as a day of humiliation, fasting, and prayer, to seek the divine favor and direction in their choice and settlement of a gospel minister. The brethren of the recognized church on the 9th day of December voted not to accept the proposals of the Averians without the amendments which they had appended, but if the Averians would not accept the amendments then they were requested to consider the proposals of the recognized brethren. On the same day the Averians proposed reunion on the ground of an abandonment of the recognition and a mutual re scission of all votes passed since (excepting only that vote passed by the Averians themselves dismissing Mr. Avery), and retaining the covenant and the offi cers of the church before the separation. To this the other party say " we have received a paper . . . con taining new proposals, to which we cannot ... re ply until you have given a definitive answer to our last communication." To this the Averians reply that they are ready to accept any amendments to their first proposition that would be proper, but cannot accede to such as had been offered. The other party replies that it cannot consent to this (i.e., to withdraw its amendments), and proposes a committee of conference. The last communication was as follows : " To the brethren of the recognized church : " We see no advantage arising from going over the ground again. We will wait thirty minutes longer to receive of you a definite answer to our last proposals. Your neglecting to com ply with our request in the proposals for a definitive answer we shall consider as a rejection of said proposals. "Dec. 9, 1795, 40 minutes after 5 in the evening." After this the church meeting was dissolved. On the 14th of December Deacon Man was dismissed from his office as treasurer. Afterwards, in August, 1796, it was voted to hear and confer upon any pro posals that one, any, or all of the church lately ad hering to the Rev. David Avery have to make respect ing a reunion with the church. June, 1797, the dea cons were instructed to supply the pulpit if the town's committee do not, and a committee was chosen to help the deacons settle their accounts relative to lawsuits. It appears by an account of the deacons presented to the church in 1797 that a suit was commenced by Thomas Man against Aaron Hawes. It was tried in 1795. " The trial took up a great deal of time, Mr. Avery was the mover and prosecutor in the ac tion which was brought to try the validity of the vote dismissing Deacon Man, as if that was valid the vote dissolving his pastoral relation was also valid, and the town having concurred his salary was gone from the time of the dismission. So that Mr. Avery was on trial. The judges were of opinion that Mr. Avery's principles of church government were arbitrary and erroneous; that the vote for dissolving his pastoral relation was regular and valid ; that the vote of the church given by a majority dismissing the plaintiff from the office of deacon was regular and effectual, and that he could not maintain the action." In July, 1798, the church (recognized) voted unanimously to desire the Rev. Eiisha Fisk "to preach in this place longer that the time for which he is now engaged," and in November he received a call to settle in the ministry at Wrentham. This call was renewed on the 6th day of March, 1799, unanimously, and on the 25th day of April, 1799, he gave an affirm ative answer, as follows : " To the Original Congregational Church of Christ in Wren tham : " Having received from you brethren an invitation to take the pastoral care and charge of you as a church and to settle with you in the work of the gospel ministry, I do by this de clare my acceptance of it. "Blisha Fisk." WRENTHAM. 661 The town had, in November of the year 1798, con curred with the church in the settlement of Mr. Fisk, on condition that he be supported by the Congrega tional society then projected. This society was in corporated in February, 1799. A number of the in habitants of Wrentham petitioned the General Court to incorporate them into a religious society by the name of the Congregational Society in Wrentham. They set forth that they have raised by subscription three thousand eight hundred and sixty dollars as a fund, the interest of which is to be appropriated to the support of a Congregational minister, and pray to be incorporated for the purpose of holding and man aging said fund. The General Court passed an act in response to this petition, and made the society capable of receiving and holding grants or devises of lands or tenements, bequests, donations, etc. By this act of incorporation, and the proceedings of the society under its provisions in connection with the church, the re lations between minister and town which had so long subsisted were terminated. Mr. Fisk thus entered upon a pastorate which reached to more than fifty years. At the date of his ordination, June, 1799. the church is said to have been reduced to ten members. Such was the force and bitterness of the Averian controversy. In his semi-centennial discourse he says he was the forty- ninth candidate, only one other of the forty-nine having received a call. He has been thus described (it is said by Dr. R. S. Storrs) with reference to that period, " Of observing mind, careful and conciliating in his conversation and manners, interesting and pop ular in his pulpit performance, he succeeded, as few other men would, in uniting and holding together very discordant materials, not only at the commence ment of his ministry but through the vicissitudes of more than fifty years. He gained and kept the envi able reputation of ' peace-maker.' " x The foregoing account of the Averian controversy was taken by the writer, so far as the action of the church is concerned, from the church records more 1 " Mr. Fisk was a descendant of William, brother of John Fisk, minister of Chelmsford, where he died Jan. 14, 1676. William arrived in 1687, admitted freeman in 1642, member of the church of Salem July 2, 1641, removed to Wenharn, where he was town clerk, and representative from 1647 to 1650, and died in 1654. His widow married a Rix of Salem. His grandson, Daniel, removed from Wenham to Upton in 1748, and died about 1 761. He had eight children, — Samuel, one of the sons, removed to Shelburne, and was ancestor of Rev. Pliny Fisk. Daniel, the oldest son, born about 1723, married Zelpah Tyler, and had five children. Of them, Robert, born Feb. 24, 1746, married Mary Hall, and had four children. The oldest was Eiisha Fisk." — Hist. Mendon Association. than twenty years ago ; and it has been repeated here at length, precisely as it was on the occasion for which it was originally prepared, because it prob ably exists nowhere else but in the writer's posses sion, the church records having since that time been lost. At the time referred to these records were in good condition, including even one small volume in the handwriting of Rev. Samuel Man.2 The Congregational Church in Foxborough, in Franklin (once West Wrentham), and in the north parish of Wrentham, now Norfolk, have been formed by those who were formerly members of the original church here organized in 1692. Since the incorpora tion of the society for the support of the minister no tax has been assessed for that purpose. At the time of Mr. Fisk's settlement the house of worship had neither bell, clock, nor -organ. A bell and clock, however, were added probably some time before 1806, as we find the parish assuming at that date the ex pense of taking care of them. An organ was pur chased by ladies of the town by the manufacture and sale of straw and chip bonnets. This instrument was formally dedicated, the Rev. Mr. Fisk preaching from the text, " Praise him with stringed instruments." In his sermon Mr. Fisk defended the use of musical instruments in public worship. That modest organ has been succeeded by others, until, by the munifi cence, chiefly of one of our citizens, the fine and large one npw used was placed in its present position. After the final settlement of the religious and so ciety disturbances, which were so happily extinguished in the fortunate choice of Mr. Fisk, the people here were peaceable and prosperous. The population of the town was by the census of 1800 two thousand and sixty-one (2061), and was chiefly agricultural. But in 1812 the General Court incorporated Nathan Comstock and others by the name of " The Wrentham Manufacturing Company," for the pur pose of manufacturing cotton and wool at Wrentham, in the county of Norfolk. In 1813 the Franklin Manufacturing Company was incorporated for the purpose of manufacturing cotton and woolen cloth and yarn in the town of Franklin, upon the same stream ; and in 1814 the Walomopogge Manufac turing Company, " for the purpose of manufacturing cotton and woolen cloth and yarn in the town of Wrentham." The former company's mill was com monly called the Bush Factory, the last named the 2 There is a tradition that Mr. Man's house was destroyed by fire in 1699, which may account for the absence of the earliest volume. 662 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. Eagle Factory, while the lowest on the stream was called the City Mills. These mills were all erected upon Mill Brook, so called, the last named near the outlet of the Great Pond, where Crossman & Whiting had the first corn-mill, as related in earlier pages, and the second one on the site of Adams' corn-mill at Jack's pasture. This southwesterly branch of Charles River afforded nearly all the water- power within our present limits. After the introduc tion of the power-loom in the manufacture of cotton and woolen fabrics, a rush seems to have been made into the business of manufacturing, and a very large number of companies were chartered in Massachusetts to carry on this special branch of industry. The Stony Brook Manufacturing Company was also in corporated in 1814, and is to be added to the list of our manufactories. The business which these com panies were organized to carry on was conducted by various owners, agents, and lessees, and with various success. At first they were employed in the manu facture of cloth, and the noise of the looms could be heard proclaiming the power of the stream if not the profit of the manufacturers. Eli Richardson, Esq., Allen Tillinghast, Esq., and Maj. Thomas S. Mann are remembered as energetic and intelligent manufacturers, who for many years were engaged in business on this old Mill Brook. It is apprehended that none of the numerous mill-owners became wealthy in the prosecution of their calling. The factory which was first built on or near the site of the present one in South Wrentham or Shep- ardville, so called, is supposed to have been the first mill in the vicinity in which water-power was applied to the spinning of cotton or wool. And by some this mill is supposed to have been one of the earliest in the country in which such application was made, it being said to have been the third. It seems that as early as 1795 Mrs. Susannah Shepard was manufac turing goods at that mill. In confirmation of this statement reference is made to an original agreement between herself and Stephen Olney, of Providence, R. I., dated Nov. 13, 1795, as follows, viz. : " Agreed with Mrs. Susannah Shepard, of Wrentham to make her a chaise by the first of Maroh next for £55 she finding the harness, the Wheels, Leather for top and Lining — remainder to be had in Goods at Wholesale cash price of her manufacture. "Signed Providence Nov. 13, 1795. "Stephen Olney. " Reeevd of Mrs. Shepard on Account of a, chaise 5£ yds thickset, @ 4 8 2j yds Satin bever 4/8 £14 8 2i of Velveret, @ 4/8 0 11 8 1 yd and on Nail of Carpeting, (a) 3s 0 3 44 13 yds Carpeting 1 18 74 2 handkerchiefs 0 7 0 £4 18 2" Manufacture of Straw Goods. — Some years ago the late Judge Staples, of Rhode Island, read before the Rhode Island Historical Society, in Providence, a paper upon the rise and progress of the straw-braid business embracing many facts. He said the straw business began very early in Tuscany and in some of the States of Italy. Bonnets and hats of this mate rial were imported ready-made into England. Sub sequently they were made an article of export to the American colonies, and were kept for sale in Provi dence. In the latter part of the last century Mrs. Naomi Whipple, wife of Col. John Whipple, who kept a store at the foot of Constitution Hill, North Main Street, was celebrated for the taste she displayed in trimming hats and bonnets. The braiding of straw in this country was begun in 1798 by Mrs, Betsey Baker, daughter of Joel Metcalf, then with Mrs. Whipple (now, at the date of the paper, of Dedham, Mass.). From her several acquired a knowl edge of the process of braiding. Another account informs us that Mrs. Whipple kept a small mil linery shop in her husband's store, and that her bonnets came through New York from Europe. She and Hannah (probably Betsey) Metcalf unbraided a piece of the braid and thus learned how it was con structed. Procuring some straw they successfully imitated the braid, and soon after made and sent a box of her own bonnets to her New York importer. In the summer of 1799 several Providence girls came to a boarding-school in Massachusetts wearing their home-made bonnets, which created no little excitement. One of these, Sally Richmond, came to Wrentham Academy (if this means Day's Academy it is a mis take as to time, that institution not having been com menced until some years afterwards ; it may be that Mr. Williams' academy at West Wrentham was the one intended). She taught the ladies where she boarded. And in this way straw-braiding was introduced into this State through Wrentham. The first bonnets were made of oat straw flattened, and contained from sixteen to eighteen yards. So popular were these bonnets that no lady was thought to be in style without one, and the demand for them gave a vigorous impulse to the trade, and the sale extended throughout the country. This demand added much to the business of small trading stores by exchange of their goods for straw- braid. The braid thus collected was converted into bonnets, and this led to special manufactories of straw goods. Messrs. Fisher, Day & Co. entered into this busi ness about the year 1804 and continued until 1816. In the neighboring town of Franklin the Messrs. Thayer carried on the business from about 1810 to WRENTHAM. 663 1816, and subsequently Maj. Davis Thayer con tinued in the business many years, and it is still car ried on in the factory of Davis Thayer, Jr., on or near the old site, with greatly enlarged facilities and success. This latter account of the rise and progress of the straw-braid industry may be found in substance in " Dr. Blake's History." The principal manufacturer of straw-bonnets in Wrentham was Amariah Hall,1 familiarly known as "Bonnet Hall." He began business about 1802 at the house known as the White house, that being the name of its former occupant. This house stood on the site now occupied by our almshouse. One room in this house was appropriated to this purpose, so small was the business then. There were braiders in almost every family. Mr. Hall continued in the business for some years at this place. Afterwards, about 1812 or a little later, Mr. Hall built the house now owned by Daniel Brown and used as a boarding-house for the employes of Messrs. Brown & Cowell. This was built for a hotel- by Mr. Hall and occupied by him as such. An addition to the main building was used by him for the manufacture of straw goods which he continued to carry on. A few years after this Mr. Hall failed in business and returned to Raynham, which was his native place. Mr. James Ware took this building and kept a store therein, dealing also in straw goods. He had also, in company with Asa Day, 1 The facts stated in this note are furnished by J. W. D. Hall, of Taunton, Mass. Amariah Hall was sixth in descent from George Hall, one of the first settlers in Taunton, Mass. He was born in Raynham, and after giving up business in Wren tham returned thither. He was exceedingly fond of music, and composed several of the old tunes which are remembered and sung to this day. This was seventy or eighty years ago. They are named as follows: "Morning Glory," "Summer," " Ca naan," " Falmouth," "Massachusetts," Raynham," "Restora tion," "All Saints, New," "Crucifixion," "Solitude," "Con templation," " China," " Civil Amusement," " Harmony," "Devotion," " Hosanna," " Zion," and others. When he vis ited Raynham, during his residence at AVrentham, " the choir would get together and sing his tunes in honor of the composer, and old vocalists say that many of his old-fashioned tunes of real harmony were much appreciated." Another composer and teacher also lived in Wrentham, Sam uel Billings. He resided in the house formerly occupied by Deacon Elijah, and Deacon Smith Pond, in Poodville, where, as my informant, Mrs. J. M. Pond (widow of Deacon Smith), says "he wrote his beautiful music," he would compose a tune, perhaps an anthem, and perhaps finish it late at night and then awaken his wife, get her to dress at midnight and sing it over with him. He taught singing schools five evenings in a week for three months at a time. The late Gen. Preston Pond, a well- known teacher and singer, said he found no music so sweet as Billings'. His musical talents were highly appreciated, and for a long time he was a very popular teacher. Deacon Handel Pond, also a native of Wrentham, where he spent most of his years, was a noted teacher and composer. dealt in straw goods at their store, afterwards known as the " Green Store," on the Norfolk and Bristol turnpike, in Wrentham. Others engaged at later dates in this business, notably Robert Blake, Esq., who acquired a handsome competency for those days and retired. He was one of the unfortunate passen gers of the ill-fated steamer " Lexington," which was destroyed by fire on Long Island Sound in 1840, and was among the lost. Howard Mann, Esq., also made straw goods in Wrentham, occupying, after his business became large, the same buildings that Mr. Hall, his predecessor, had done. The business done by Mr. Mann and by the copartners, Mann, Swift & Co., was probably larger than had been done by any one indi vidual or firm before in this place in the same line of business. It is not recollected that any of the manu facturers of straw goods had previously organized fac tories or shops with machinery used and shop-hands regularly employed. The old custom of trading straw- braid at the stores in exchange for goods was aban doned. People who worked in it in a moderate way either sold their braid to the manufacturers or made it up into hats or bonnets and then sold them in their new shape. We have now no means of knowing the number or value of the goods made at the time when Fisher, Day & Co. and Amariah Hall were in the business. They probably made a few thousand hats and bonnets annually. After Mann, Swift & Co. left the business there was a manufactory of straw goods in the westerly part of the town, at Sheldon ville, of which Alonzo Follett was the proprietor and manager. This was actively continued until the buildings were destroyed by fire. Mr. B. H. Guild, also, and F. N. Sheldon & Co. subsequently, at different times engaged in the manufacture of straw goods at Sheldonville. After a long interval the business was again revived in the central village by Messrs. John C. and Lyman A. George, and afterwards was carried on for some years by William E. George, under whose energetie administration, supplemented by the increased use of machinery and other facilities, a much greater amount was done than ever before. Mr. George was suc ceeded by Messrs. Brown & Cowell, who began their work in the factory buildings which had been erected by Mr. George. They had hardly commenced when the buildings were destroyed by fire. Mr. Brown erected another building near the site of the former one a few years since, and by the introduction of the sew ing-machine large quantities of goods are manufac tured by this firm in the shop which, before its use in making this kind of goods, were made by people at their own firesides in this town and vicinity. It should have been stated that the Messrs. Ide 664 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. succeeded Messrs. Mann, Swift & Co., continuing the business for a few years. A straw-manufactory was for a short time in operation in that part of Wren tham which is now Norfol^, under the management of Mr. Allen and afterwards of Mr. Perry. The value of the goods denominated straw goods now made (1884) in this town is estimated at $250,- 000 for the year. From the census report of 1880 we learn that the number of establishments in the straw business in Massachusetts was 33, having a capital of $2,361,960. The average number of hands em ployed was, of males above sixteen years, 2531 ; of females above fifteen years, 5185 ; children and youth, 93. The total amount paid in wages in the year was $1,968,232; value of materials, $4,117,162; value of products, $6,898,628. Jewelry. — Another industry having small begin nings in this town has grown to be the controlling business. This is the manufacture of those kinds of goods that come under the general name of jewelry. Beginning early in the century in the neighboring town of Attleborough, it was certainly to be expected that it would spread into adjoining territory. In that part of Wrentham now known as Plainville, but at the early date above mentioned called Slackville, in honor of people named Slack who lived there, an old stone mill is remembered which was sometimes called Slack's mill. It was a small mill, but to the passer on the highway it was a conspicuous object, because it was almost the only object, save here and there a dwelling-house, to be seen between the wharf, so called, in Wrentham and the old Hatch Tavern in Attleborough. This mill, it is said, had a checkered history, and its owners a fluctuating if not a money- making business. It seems that, whatever in its ear lier days may have been the business to which it was devoted, it was used for a grain-mill by the Slacks prior to its being occupied by George W. Shepardson, who seems to have been the first to introduce the manufacture of jewelry into Wrentham. He was at work there prior to the year 1843. His line of goods was chiefly buttons for vests and pantaloons, although we have placed him for convenience in the list of jewelers. He is said to have employed some fifteen to twenty hands, making some eight or ten thousand dollars' worth of goods per annum. He was there about two years. He was succeeded by H. M. Rich ards, Esq., of Attleborough, in March, 1843, who engaged in the business of making fine gilt jewelry, amounting to about twenty thousand dollars per year, as nearly as can now be ascertained. He employed from twenty-five to thirty hands. Mr. Richards oc cupied the mill for about a year, when Mr. Shepard son again resumed it. But he did not occupy it long and eventually removed to Providence, R. I, It is not known that any other person engaged in the busi ness at Plainville, either while Messrs. Shepardson and Richards were there, or subsequently, until Jo seph T. Bacon, Esq., purchased the property and de molished the old mill and built the large shop now (with important additions) occupied by Lincoln, Bacon & Co. The firm of Bacon, Hodges & Mason followed next after Messrs. Shepardson and Richards, in 1844. They continued together in the business for three or four years, when Mason retired. Then Messrs. Bacon & Hodges were the partners until 1850. At that date Mr. Hodges left, and Josiah Draper and John Tifft united with Joseph T. Bacon in the firm-name of Draper, Tifft & Bacon, and con ducted the business under this style until Mr. Tifft died, in 1851, when another change took place, and Frank S. Draper, son of Josiah, and Frank L. Tifft, son of John, and Joseph T. Bacon and James D. Lincoln formed a copartnership under the style of Draper, Tifft & Co., which continued until July, 1860, when Frank S. Draper retired, and the firm took the name of Lincoln, Tifft & Bacon. In 1863 or 1864 the manufacturing business at Plainville was carried on in the name of J. T. Bacon & Co., and the whole sale business in New York in the name of Lincoln, Tifft & Co., the same gentlemen constituting both firms. In July, 1882, Messrs. Harland G. Bacon, son of the senior member, and Daniel O. Schofield, of New York City, became copartners, the style of the firm being Lincoln, Bacon & Co., both in New York and in Wrentham. Another large factory building was erected some years since by Mr. J. T. Bacon and his partners, which is occupied by the Plainville Stock Company and by Messrs. Wade, Davis & Co., and others. A large number of hands are employed by the companies engaged in the manufacture of jewelry and goods in that line,— the ten or fifteen hands of Mr. Shepardson in 1843 having increased to hundreds, and in place of his eight or ten thousand dollars' worth of goods, the amount now manufactured in that village alone, by the opinion of a competent judge, cannot be less than five hundred thousand dollars' worth annually. In 1880 the number of establishments in Massa chusetts was one hundred and five ; the amount of capital, $1,936,800 ; number of males employed above sixteen years, 2485 ; number of females above fifteen years, 743 ; children and youth, 37 ; total amount paid in wages during the year, $1,464,993 ; materials, $1,681,034; products, $4,265,525. Instead of a few scattering buildings that might WRENTHAM. 665 have been seen some years ago at Plainville, there are now at least two hundred, some ten having been erected in the last year (1883). A fine, large school-house has recently been built and finished, so as to serve not only for the schools in that village, but with a hall convenient for public meetings and other purposes. The Grand Army of the Republic have also a commodious building for the purposes of their organization. The spacious workshops can employ five hundred hands. The number actually employed varies as the business varies, " ranging probably from three hun dred and seventy-five (375) in dull times to five hun dred when business is good." Very marked progress has been made in this village in recent years, and the indications point to future prosperity. * It may be remarked here that before 1860 the manufacture of jewelry was commenced by Messrs. J. H. Sturdy & Co. at Sheldonville, and afterwards by the same firm at Wrentham village, where it was con tinued some few years, employing a large number of hands and doing a large business. Quite recently the firm of Cowell & Hall have es tablished the business again in this village. About sixty years ago Col. Rhodes Sheldon came from Cumberland, R. I., to the westerly part of Wrentham and commenced the business of building boats and transporting them to Boston for sale. This business he carried on for many years, and was suc ceeded in it by his sons George and Orrin, the last named of whom still carries it on at the old place. In Col. Sheldon's time the usual amount done may have been about four thousand or five thousand dollars' worth per year. In the year 1845, or about that time, it went up to ten thousand dollars, and last year (1883) it was about seven thousand dollars. This in dustry has been steadily continued until the present time. Under the administration of the elder Sheldon quite an impulse was given to that part of the town, manifested in an increased number of dwellings, in the erection of one church edifice, and in various other ways. Other parties have at different times en gaged to some extent in boat-building, but they have long since abandoned it. The business of manufacturing boots was carried on here at various times, a considerable amount being done in that line, giving employment to a good num ber of men. The firms of Pond, Cook & Co. and Aldrich, Cook & Proctor were conspicuous in this line of business. It has now ceased altogether for some years, not being able to make headway against the sharp competition which other towns put forth. While the jewelry business and the straw business are larger than all others here, yet we must not for get the manufacturers of fine wool shoddies, extracts, and yarns, and other manufacturers who are doino- something each in his own line to employ himself and give employment to others. In the first-named busi ness, it being estimated by one conversant with the subject that the amount of its annual products is about sixty thousand dollars, it would not be, perhaps, unsafe to say that the others make the amount up to one hundred thousand dollars. The manufacture of cotton and woolen fabrics, of straw goods, of jewelry, and of other things by water- power or by steam-power began long after the occur rence of the facts narrated in the early portion of this history. The usual mechanical arts have, of course, been prosecuted always, and in former days a con siderable amount of business was done in the line of carriage building. In an old house not now inhabited, but yet stand ing near the station of the New York and New Eng land Railroad Company at West Wrentham, known formerly as the Heaton place, Nathaniel Heaton many years ago set up a printing-press. Occasionally an old book has been seen purporting to have been printed there by him. His brother Benjamin, who graduated at Brown University in 1790, published a spelling-book and a preceptor which are supposed to have been printed by Nathaniel. Silas Metcalf, Esq., one of our oldest citizens, who has always lived in the westerly part of the town, well remem bers the fact that printing was done in the Heaton house, and that he used to go there when a boy for books. Nathaniel removed (at what date is not now known) to Smithfield, R. I., and thus terminated the printing business in Wrentham. Prior to 1815 all mail-matter for Wrentham Centre and also for Franklin was brought from the Druce tavern, so called, upon the turnpike, — Norfolk and Bristol. About that year a post-office was estab lished in the village of Wrentham, and David Fisher, Esq., the landlord of the " Roebuck" tavern, was ap pointed postmaster. It has not been ascertained that there was any mail-carrier employed by the government to supply Wrentham and Franklin from this solitary post-office on the turnpike. People went to that distant tavern for their mail matter. Capt. Charles W. Farring ton, now one of our oldest citizens, was often sent there when a boy for letters and newspapers, as he informed the writer. And he further says that the good people who came this way from the neighbor hood of the office would bring along such letters and newspapers as belonged here, and on Sundays Maj. 666 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. Druce, the postmaster, would do likewise when he came over to attend meeting. War of 1812. — The part which Wrentham took in the so-called French and Indian war has been related, and also more at length the patriotism the people displayed and the hardships they bore during the long conflict of the colonies with the mother- country. In the later war of 1812 we fail to find that many of the inhabitants engaged. It is known that some went to the forts in the harbor and to other places perhaps considered most exposed. These were probably drafted or ordered out for short terms of service. As all the muster-rolls of the officers and men who served in the second war with Great Britain are at Washington, it cannot be shown what service was performed unless with great labor and expense. But one eminent man we know went from this town as a surgeon and served throughout the war as such, — Dr. James Mann.1 He was born in Wren tham, and was the son of David Mann, who was a son of Pelatiah, who was a son of the Rev. Samuel Mann. He was born in 1758, graduated at Harvard Uni versity in 1776, and received the degree of M.D. at his Alma Mater, and also at Brown University and at Yale College. He was a practicing physician in his native town at the breaking out of the war. He enlisted as a surgeon in the army of the United States, and, it is understood, was on the Niagara frontier in 1814, and in the performance of his duty as a surgeon at the battles of Chippewa and Lundy's Lane, and continued in the service for many years after the end of the war. He died in 1832. The Civil War. — In regard to this conflict we are not left so much in the dark. Evidence of its having: existed and traces of its effects encounter us on every side. Moreover, no contest on this side of the At lantic ever was honored with so many histories, or ever had such full and careful records. Indeed, it is a matter of some difficulty to know what to select out of the great mass for a history like this. It would be impossible for the writer to describe the spirit which was aroused by the first attack of the seceders upon a national fort. The story has often been told. 1 In Drake's " Dictionary of American Biography" it is stated that Dr. Mann was three years a surgeon in the Revo lutionary army, and in 1812 was hospital surgeon of the United States army and head of the medical staff on the Northern frontier. In 1818 he was post surgeon; in 1821, assistant sur geon. He obtained the Boylston prize medal for the year 1806 for a dissertation on dysentery, and subsequently received another prize for a medical dissertation. He also, in 1816, pub lished "Medical Sketches of the Campaigns of 1812, 1813, and 1814, with Observations on Military Hospitals and Flying Hos pitals Attached to a Moving Army." What was true of other towns in Massachusetts was undoubtedly true of Wrentham. It is not the place here to give a history of the several regiments and companies in which our townsmen served ; that has been done elsewhere. But it falls within the plan of this sketch to relate the action of the town regarding the war of 1861. Sumter was fired upon on the 13th of April, 1861. Soon afterwards, viz., on May 6, 1861, a town-meeting was held at the old vestry of the centre meeting-house (so called), which was very fully attended. At this meeting, after warm and patriotic utterances, a preamble and resolutions were passed. The first resolution was as follows, viz. : " Resolved, By the legal voters of the town of Wrentham, in town-meeting assembled, that the sum of ten thousand dollars be and the same hereby is granted for the support, encourage ment, and relief of those of our fellow-townsmen who have gone and of those who may hereafter go into the service of the United States as soldiers, and of their families. " Second. That the money thus appropriated be expended by the selectmen, to be assisted by a committee of three, if neces sary, of whom the treasurer shall be one. " Third. That each volunteer shall receive from the town while in active service an amount sufficient, with the govern ment pay, to make his monthly pay twenty-five dollars ; and the further sum of one dollar a week be paid to the wife and for each child under fifteen years of age, and one dollar a day for each day spent in drilling previous to being mustered into the United States service. " Fourth. To provide suitable uniforms, and all necessary equipments and clothing not provided by the government, to each citizen of Wrentham who shall enlist in the military service. " Fifth. That the treasurer be authorized to borrow on the credit of the town such sums of money as shall be ordered by the selectmen, not exceeding ten thousand dollars." After this meeting the citizens held a number of impromptu meetings in different parts of the town, which were enlivened by music and patriotic songs, and by occasional speeches. Volunteers began to come forward, and soon a company was under drill upon the common. This company was joined with others, and organized as the Eighteenth Massachu setts Regiment of Volunteers, and soon were away in the vicinity of Washington. Some Wrentham men had previously enlisted in the three months' regiments. In March, 1862, the military committee made a re port. And in July, 1862, the town voted that the selectmen be authorized to pay a bounty of one hun dred dollars to each volunteer who should enlist for three years, and be credited to the quota of the town; also that the treasurer be authorized to borrow money to pay said bounties ; and the clergymen, selectmen, and all good citizens are earnestly solicited to encour age and stimulate, by public meetings and otherwise, the prompt enlistment of the requisite number of WRENTHAM. 667 volunteers from the town, that our fellow-citizens already in the service may be cheered and sustained by accession of numbers and strength, the Rebellion crushed, and peace and prosperity soon smile upon our common country. Aug. 28, 1862, the selectmen having paid the sum of one hundred dollars to each volunteer in addition to the bounty voted by the town in July, the town at this meeting ratified that pro ceeding, and voted to pay a bounty of two hundred dollars to each volunteer who shall enlist for nine months, and be credited to the quota of the town on or before the second day of September next. The treasurer was authorized to borrow, money. On De cember 8th the vote restricting the time for enlist ment was reconsidered, and the doings of the selectmen and treasurer were approved. In 1863 there were no votes passed by the people in town-meeting in relation to the war. At the March meeting in 1864 the town voted that payment of State aid should be continued. In April it was voted to raise by direct taxation eight thousand dollars for recruiting purposes, and to refund to citizens money which they had contributed for the encouragement of recruiting. In August the bounty to each volunteer for three years' service who should thereafter enlist and be credited to the quota of the town was one hundred and twenty-five dollars. The treasurer was authorized to borrow money to pay the same. In January, 1865, the same bounty was voted, and it was also voted to pay the recruiting officers of the town two dollars a day and ten cents a mile for travel while they have been, or shall be, engaged in pro curing volunteers for the town. August 14th the town voted to reimburse to the citizens " such sums as they have paid for the purpose of filling the quotas of the town during the past year." Wrentham furnished three hundred and thirty six1 men for this war, which " was a surplus," as appears by a report of the adjutant-general, " of seventeen over and above all demands." Ten were commis sioned officers. The whole amount of money, exclu sive of State aid, expended by the town on account of the war was $31,531.23. In 1870 Wrentham again lost a part of its territory and a large number of its inhabitants. A new town was incorporated by the name of Norfolk, taking from Wrentham seven thousand one hundred acres, eight hundred and fifty people, and one hundred and forty 1 This appears to be erroneous. The list of names appended foots up two hundred and thirty-six that were in Massachusetts regiments. voters, and property valued at three hundred and fifty- seven thousand four hundred and seventy-five dollars. This was done with the assent of the old town. By a colonial census made in 1776 the population of Wrentham was 2879. In 1790, after the setting off of Franklin and also of a part of the town of Foxborough, the population was 1767. By the census of 1800 it was 2061 a it a 1810 It . (< (C 1820 (l If tt 1830 (( a n 1840 tt n ic 1850 "State census ofl855 it ti it 1860 " " " 1865 it it it 1870 tt n it 1875 it it it 1880 2478280126982915303732423406307222922395 2481 In 1790 the number of houses was two hundred and forty-three ; the number of families was two hun dred and seventy-eight ; the number of free white males sixteen years of age and upwards was four hun dred and seventy- one ; the number of free white females, nine hundred and seven ; number of free white males under sixteen years, three hundred and eighty- seven ; the number of all other persons was two. In 1800 Wrentham was the third town in the county in population, being exceeded by Roxbury and Dorchester only ; and in 1810 and in 1820 it held the same relative rank. In 1832 a bank was incorporated with a capital of one hundred thousand dollars, and in 1836 this was increased to one hundred and fifty thousand dollars. Philo Sanford, Robert Blake, John Tifft, Calvin Fisher, Jr., Daniel A. Cook, and Otis Cary have been its presidents. Calvin Fisher, Jr., and Francis N. Plimpton have been its only cashiers. The fourth meeting-house erected near the spot occupied by its predecessors was dedicated in Septem ber, 1834. The old church building at West Wren tham gave way some time afterwards to a convenient house for religious purposes erected by the Baptist denomination at Sheldonville. A house for religious services was built by the Universalist society upon the site of the old Baptist meeting-house at West Wrentham. There is a chapel for the use of the Congregational society connected with the main building. This commodious and useful building was the gift of Braman Hawes, Esq., a native of Wren tham, and is denominated " The Hawes Chapel." The Roman Catholics have also a chapel for their religious uses, and there is also a chapel at Plainville under the charge, it is understood, of Independents. The Epis copalians a few years since established a church and erected a fine church building here. Some years since the town erected a large and con- 668 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. venient building in Wrentham Village, for the accom modation of the high school and a grammar and a primary school. It was also provided with a spacious and convenient hall for the transaction of its public business ; and the town bade adieu to the vestry of the meeting-house in which, and in its predecessors, it had held its town-meetings for more than one hun dred and fifty years. School-houses have also been built at Sheldonville, Plainville, and at West Wren tham within recent periods, and the accommodations are ample thoughout the town for the children and youth who go to them for instruction. The first school-house of the fathers, which was to be " sixteen foot," with allowance for a chimney, and was also to be for a " watch house," would be regarded as a myth did not the sober record fully attest it. Twice since the incorporation of the town the events above related have been commemorated, — -once in 1773 by the century sermon, so called, of the Rev. Mr. Bean, and again in 1873 by the historical ad dress of the late Judge Wilkinson. The sermon was delivered Oct. 26, 1773, and " printed at the earnest request of the hearers for the preservation of ancient things to future posterity." This was not on the Sabbath day, and, it may be presumed, was honored by a large attendance. In the second case, notwithstanding the day was very stormy, a large audience gathered in the meet ing-house which succeeded that one in which Mr. Bean preached his commemorative discourse one hun dred years before. The interesting event had in duced a good number of people from other towns and places to brave the violence of the storm. One of these, Professor George P. Fisher, of Yale College, a native of Wrentham, participated in the exercises. The address was delivered from short notes and was not published. The fiftieth anniversary of the ordination of the Rev. Eiisha Fisk was celebrated on the 12th day of June, 1849. In the sermon preached by Mr. Fisk on that occasion he reviewed the events of his minis try of fifty years, incidentally speaking of events in the history of the town. The sermon was published, together with an appendix prepared by Mr. Fisk's colleague, the Rev. Horace James, giving an account of the celebration. One passage is quoted : " The day of jubilee arrived. The weather was delightful. The church was filled to its utmost capacity. A multitude of the sons of Wrentham, and many connected with them by marriage or other agreeable associations, were gathered in their childhood's home to do honor to him who from their earliest recollection had ministered at the altar of God." Conclusion. — In concluding the " Annals of Wren tham," the writer would say he has followed the course adopted by him in the preparation of some historical sketches, published in a newspaper in 1873, namely he has let the records, from which the early history is mainly derived, tell their own story, with only such change of form as to make them narrative, and such comments as seemed needed for explanation. Judge Wilkinson, in his address, pursued a similar course taking his facts chiefly from the same sources, so far as he proceeded, but covering much less ground than the present narrative embraces. His manuscript (which I have kipdly been permitted to inspect) is unfinished, consisting of notes and memoranda which he probably intended at some time to put into form. The Rev. Dr. Blake, in his historical address at Franklin, June 12, 1878, also has given from the same sources so much of the ancient history of Wrentham as was needed to introduce the history of Franklin, whose centennial was celebrated on that day. Let it be hoped that this attempt " to preserve (in the language of Mr. Bean) these ancient things" may not be altogether unsuccessful. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. HON. JOSIAH JONES FISKE. Josiah J. Fiske was born in Sturbridge, Nov. 28, 1785. His ancestors were among the ear liest settlers of Watertown, and came from Weybread,' County of Suffolk, England, in 1642. As early as the eighth year of the reign of King John (a.d. 1208) we find the name of Daniel Fisc, of Laxfield, appended to a royal grant which confirmed a deed of land in Digniveton Park, made to the men of Laxfield by the Duke of Lorraine. This grant is in the public record office in London. Simon Fiske held land in Laxfield early in the fifteenth century, and was lord of the manor of Stodhaugh. There are in sev eral churches monumental tablets and brasses bear ing the arms of the family, which seems to have been prominent in the counties of Suffolk and Norfolk. Col. F. S. Fiske, of Boston, has in his possession an interesting copy of the " Confirmation of Arms and Grant of Crest from College of Arms, London," issued to the Fiske family in 1635. Nathan Fiske was the first American ancestor, and from him the line of descent to the subject of our sketch is as fol lows : Nathan2 (born Jan. 23, 1671), Henry3 (born B..:'-i,i,A.a.EuV WRENTHAM. 669 Jan. 24, 1707), David4 (born Dec. 17, 1759), Josiah J.,6 the son of David and Eleanor (Jones) Fiske. Hon. Josiah J. Fiske was graduated at Brown University, where he was a classmate and friend of William L. Marcy, sometime Governor of New York. After leaving college, in 1808, he was for a short time preceptor of an academy in Maine ; but he soon determined upon the law as a profession, and studied first in the office of the late Nathaniel Searle, LL.D., of Providence, and afterwards with Timothy Bigelow, Esq., of Boston. Mr. Fiske developed marked ability as a lawyer, and soon found himself in the enjoyment of an ex tensive practice. His office at Wrentham became a favorite resort for students ; perhaps few lawyers, un connected with the law schools, have superintended the legal instruction of a greater number of young men. To strong powers of logic and analysis, Mr. Fiske added both quickness of perception and readi ness in expression ; he had an energy of character, a perseverance in carrying out his plans, which no ob stacles could discourage ; and if he had continued to devote himself exclusively to the law, there can be little doubt that he would have ranked among the most eminent in that profession. But he lived in the time when the great manufacturing interests of New Eng land were just being founded. Early foreseeing their importance, he was tempted to devote to them much of his own energy, and during the latter years of his life his attention was given to manufactures almost exclusively. His own enterprises were located in his native town, Sturbridge, and the now flourishing vil lage of Fiskdale commemorates his name. He laid the foundation of the Sturbridge cotton manufactures ; his first mill was built in that town as early as 1827, and in 1834 he built another larger mill, containing ten thousand spindles and two hundred looms. Mr. Fiske was of the stamp of man that leaves its impress on the day and generation. He was active, intelligent, strong ; strong in character and influence, strong in mind and judgment, with that enterprise and public spirit which seeks not selfish ends alone, but labors for the good of all. He found his work to do in the world, and, doing it well, found also work for others. In public affairs he was prominent ; pos sessing the well-won confidence of his fellow-towns men, he was often chosen to positions of honor and trust. State senator from 1823 to 1826, inclusive, he was in 1831 a member of the Governor's Council. He was appointed upon the first Board of Railroad Commissioners created by the State, and, of many minor positions, was aide-de-camp to Maj. -Gen. Crane from 1823 to 1827, a member of the Grand Lodge F. A. M., of Massachusetts, and for several years District Deputy Grand Master. Like most active men, Mr. Fiske was in advance of the general thought and sentiment of his time. Subsequent developments have proved the wisdom of many of his views for the improvement of the towns of Wrentham and Sturbridge which may then have been deemed unwise or impracticable. In his manners he was always kindly and genial, and this virtue was above all conspicuous in his home life. His wife, Jerusha, was the daughter of Dr. Jenckes Norton, of Wrentham, and Jerusha Ware. He died Aug. 15, 1838, at Sturbridge, the place of his birth. Two of Mr. Fiske's brothers were also graduates of Brown : David Woodward, who practiced law in Wrentham several years, but finally settled in Detroit, where he died in 1871, and Calvin Park, a physician, who spent nearly all his life in Sturbridge, and died in Chicago in 1874. Of the ten children of Mr. Fiske, Josiah J. and George Jenckes were well known as members of the Boston firm of James M. Beebe & Co., contributing largely, by their skill and energy in the management of the business, to the great success of that firm. Josiah died unmarried in 1850. George died at Nice, in France, in 1868, leaving a widow, Frances Lathrop, the daughter of James M. Beebe, a son, George Stanley, born in Paris in 1867, and a daughter, Esther Lathrop, born at Nice in 1868. Joseph Norton, the eldest son, and Elizabeth Stanley are the only surviving children of Josiah J. Fiske. Joseph Norton Fiske was born in Wrentham, March 4, 1814, and received his early education at Day's Academy. He had at first intended to take a collegiate course, but developed a strong inclination for mercantile pursuits, and in 1833 entered the count ing-room of Shaw, Patterson & Co. as clerk, where he remained five years, and then became the confi dential clerk of George B. Blake & Co. In 1841 he engaged in business for himself, but from 1844 to 1846 was obliged by ill health to remain inactive. Mr. Fiske then became a member of the Boston Brokers' Board, and opened a banking-house on State Street. Though he began with a small capital, his business rapidly increased and became very lucrative. Continuing in it for twenty-four years without inter mission, Mr. Fiske retired in 1870, and passed three years traveling in Europe with his wife. Since then his time has been occupied in the care of his own es tate and various trusts. He married, in 1849, Char lotte Matilda Morse, daughter of Dr. Elijah Morse, of Mount Vernon, Me., and grand-daughter of Dr. Jacob Corey, of Sturbridge. 670 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. J. T. BACON. Joseph T. Bacon was born May 21, 1818. He is the son of George and Avis B. (Fales) Bacon, and grandson of Ebenezer Bacon, one of the prominent men of his day in the town of Attleborough. He served as senator from his district, and being public- spirited and possessed of sterling qualities, was looked upon as a leader in opinion and enterprise by his fellow-townsmen. Edward Bacon, the father of Ebenezer, was one of the early settlers of Attle borough. Joseph T. Bacon, being the son of a farmer in moderate circumstances, had no special advantages afforded him for obtaining an education further than the public schools of his town offered. At thirteen years of age he was placed to learn a trade with Robinson & Co., button manufacturers, and remained with this firm until he was eighteen, when, in copartnership with his brother Ebenezer, he en gaged in the manufacture of jewelry at Robinson- ville, making a specialty of rings. Some two or three years later Edward Richards was associated with the firm. In 1838 or 1839, Mr. J. T. Bacon withdrew from the firm of Richards & Bacon, and moved to West Attleborough, where he formed a co partnership with Lewis Holmes for the manfacture of jewelry, and the firm continued, under the firm-name of Bacon & Holmes, until about 1841, when Mr. Holmes withdrew, and Messrs. Hodges and Mason associated themselves with Mr. Bacon, and continued to do business at West Attleborough until 1844, when the firm moved to Plainville. Their first factory at Plainville was a small affair, truly, compared with their present large establishment, but they were suc cessful, and gradually, but surely, built up a trade and retained it. About 1847, Mr. Mason withdrew, and later on Mr. Hodges also. In 1850, Mr. Bacon met with serious loss by fire ; his factory was burned, and he had no insurance. About 1850, Mr. Bacon formed a copartnership with Messrs. Draper and Tifft. The factory was rebuilt and the business resumed under the firm-name of Draper, Tifft & Bacon. John Tifft died in 1851, and Francis L. Tifft, his son, took his place as soon as he became of age. Josiah Draper retired, and his interest was continued by his son, Frank S. Draper. Mr. J. D. Lincoln was also ad mitted as a partner, and business was conducted under the firm-name of Draper, Tifft & Co. Later on Mr. Draper retired, and the firm became Lincoln, Tifft & Bacon. The business is conducted under the firm-name of Lincoln, Bacon, & Co. Messrs. Bacon and Lincoln have in a measure withdrawn from the active superintendence of the business, leaving the prosecution of the business chiefly in the hands of the younger partners. They now do a business of about two hundred thousand dollars per annum em ploying about one hundred aud twenty-five hands. They make stock plate goods, chiefly ladies' ware. Mr. Bacon is a liberal Republican in politics, but will not accept office of any kind. He shrinks in stinctively from everything savoring of notoriety, He married Emeline M., daughter of Harland Hod»es of Maine. To them were born three children Harland G. (who is in business with his father) Charles B. (who was a brilliant, promising young man, but died in his seventeenth year), and a daugh ter, Maria (who died at the age of five years). JAMES DANIELSON LINCOLN. James Danielson Lincoln was born in Brimfield, Hamden Co., Mass., March 30, 1823. His father, Dr. Asa Lincoln, was a native of Taunton, and his mother, Sarah (Danielson) Lincoln, was a native of Brimfield. When James D. was seven years of age his mother died, leaving a family of ten children. After her death he went to live with Fisher Thayer, an uncle by marriage, residing at what was then called " River End," in the eastern part of Franklin. Here his boyhood was spent, doing chores about the house and attending school from twelve to fourteen weeks each year. When he was seventeen years of age the family removed to Wrentham. His uncle was a manufacturer of thread, and young Lincoln had charge of preparing it for market. He attended Day's Academy two terms, not neglecting, however, his duties in the shop. In 1850 he left Wrentham and obtained a position in New York, in the boot- and shoe-store of Howard Mann, where he remained about a year. Upon leaving Mr. Mann he was urged by Mr. John Tifft, of Draper, Tifft & Bacon, to con nect himself with that firm as salesman, offering him either a small salary or one-quarter interest in the business. Not wishing to connect himself with the proprie torship of a business of which he knew nothing, he chose the salary, with the stipulation that he should have an interest in the business at any time he might desire. He went with this firm in March, 1851, and the following June Mr. Tifft, who had charge of the business in New York, died, leaving the entire busi ness of selling the goods to Lincoln. When Francis L., son of John Tifft, became of age, a change took place in the firm. He and Frank S. Draper, son of Josiah Draper, took their fathers' interest in the busi- ?n??~mAH.Ri<~1'v-e "iyAHRitchie- ^2^2^2^C£I/ Still- Eng d-tyAHFd.tC^p- <£j7s7Y^c^r -?* WRENTHAM. 671 ness, Mr. Lincoln was admitted as a partner, and the firm took its old name of Draper, Tifft & Co., Mr. J. T. Bacon and Mr. J. D. Lincoln being the " Co." From that time to the present, through the various changes of the firm, — Lincoln, Tifft & Bacon, Lincoln, Tift & Co., and now as Lincoln, Bacon & Co.,- — he has continued to be a partner. Messrs. Lincoln and Bacon now leave most of the active business to the younger members of the firm. In 1880 he married Eliza Taylor Melcher, of La- conia, N. H. He has a pleasant home in Plainville, where they now reside. Mr. Lincoln, as a business man, has been successful and honorable, and in his intercourse is affable, courteous, and gentlemanly, im pressing all with whom he comes in contact with the kindliness of his nature and the honesty of his motives. his father having removed here when William was a mere lad. In his younger days he did military duty nine years as a member of the Franklin Artillery Company. Mrs. Sherburne died July 16, 1876. Mr. Sherburne is a Republican in politics, and a highly esteemed citizen. WILLIAM SHERBURNE. William Sherburne was born March 30, 1802, in Cumberland, R. I. He is the son of William and Sarah (Lovett) Sherburne, and grandson of Benja min Sherburne. This Benjamin had a large family of children. William, his son, was born Dec. 25, 1760, and died Sept. 15, 1846, in his eighty-sixth year. His wife (Sarah Lovett) lived to be aged ninety-one years. Their children were Lucy, de ceased (Mrs. Darius Cook) ; Amey, deceased (died unmarried) ; Henry, deceased ; Nancy, deceased (Mrs. Silas Metcalf); Sally, deceased (Mrs. George Gil- mon) ; Eleanor, deceased ; William ; George, de ceased ; Eliza, deceased (Mrs. Bradbury C. Hill); Cornelia, deceased (Mrs. L. Tourtellott) ; and James. William Sherburne had but limited advantages in his youth. His father was a blacksmith, and young Sherburne had to work in shop and on farm at the age when he should have been at school. He, however, laid tho foundation for a strong and healthy physique. At twenty-two years of age he hired out at two shillings per day to work on the farm which he now owns, and where was born the woman who afterwards became his wife. This was Lydia Jenks, daughter of Luke and Roby (Ar nold) Jenks. They were married April 16, 1828. Their children were Roby M., Eliza E., Alice J. (deceased), William J. (deceased), Alice A. (de ceased), Marion L. Immediately upon his marriage Mr. Sherburne hired a farm and began farming for himself. Through persevering industry and prudent management he prospered, and about 1860 he pur chased the farm on which he now resides. He has been a resident of Wrentham nearly eighty years, RHODES SHELDON. Rhodes Sheldon, the son of Roger and Huldah (Streeter) Sheldon, was born in Cumberland, R. I., July 21, 1786. His ancestors came originally from England, where the family is an ancient and honorable one, and were among the early settlers of Rhode Island. Roger was by occupation a farmer and shoemaker ; during the war of the Revolution he made shoes for the colonial soldiers. He was a strong advocate of liberty, and from the signing of the Declaration of Independ ence to the day of his death he advocated the aboli tion of slavery. He had quite a large family of children, and of course could give them only the ordinary common school advantages. Rhodes was brought up on the farm, but upon arriving at manhood he began boat building, — small craft, such as ships, boats, etc. About 1823 he moved to West Wrentham, and established himself in this business, which he continued to the time of his death. He was very successful, and be came quite a large land-owner. He was the leading spirit of his section, was public-spirited and benevo lent, and it was almost entirely through his aid and instrumentality that the beautiful and thriving little village which now bears his name was built up. He i always took great pleasure in assisting any worthy and industrious man in getting a home of his own, and he would build and furnish houses for his workmen and give them time to pay for the same by their labor. Mr. Sheldon was a man of robust and vigorous physique, peaceable and kindly disposed, and by his benevolence and friendly spirit endeared himself to all who knew him. He was not only a successful man, but an eminently useful man to the community in which he lived. In politics he was a Whig and Re publican, and a Baptist in religious belief. He was twice married. His first wife was Prusha, daughter of Stephen and Huldah Inman, of Cumberland, R. I. Their children were Stephen, deceased ; Huldah, de ceased; Mariette; Nathaniel; George; Orin; William, deceased ; and Willard, deceased ; the two latter twins. All of whom were born in Cumberland, R. I. Mrs. Sheldon died Jan. 3, 1850. Mr. Sheldon 672 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. married, as his second wife, Mrs. Catharine Tilton ; by this latter marriage there was no issue. He died Dec. 15, 1866. Of the children, Stephen died in his nineteenth year. Huldah married Milton Grant and died, leav ing two children. Mariette married George Wellman, of Sheldonville, and is still living. George, who pays this tribute to his father's mem ory, married Amy A. Aldrich, by whom he had one child, which died in infancy. Upon the decease of his first wife he married Mrs. Mary J. Thayer ; they have four children. All of the sods of Rhodes Sheldon have been en gaged more or less in boat-building. Nathaniel gave it up and is now engaged in butchering. George re tired some years ago from active business. Orin still continues the business in connection with William Sheldon, George's son. They have the original shop in Wrentham where Rhodes Sheldon successfully prosecuted the business for so many years, and also a boat store in Boston for the disposal of their goods. HORACE L. COOK.' The first of this branch of the Cook family of whom we have authentic record was Elder Josiah Cook, who preached in Cumberland, R. I., in the days of its early settlement. He was a man of stern moral ity and rigid uprightness of character. His wife was Mary Staples. Their son, Abner Cook, was a farmer, and married Rhoda Thompson, by whom he had chil dren, one of whom was named Horace, who was also a farmer, and married Lucretia Bates, by whom he had Amory B., Delilah 0., Ely E. (deceased), Senah A. (deceased), Lucretia (deceased), Senah A. (2d, deceased), Martha A., Horace L., Rhoda T. (de ceased), Mortimer C, Massena A., Warren F., and Alonzo. Horace L. was born Aug. 26, 1816, was brought up a farmer's son, and had the advantages only of the common schools of his town. He mar ried, Jan. 23, 1845, Lucy A. E. Hawkins, daughter of Rufus and Anna (Ballou) Hawkins. She was born in Cumberland, R. I., Sept. 8, 1826. Their children are Eldora L., born Dec. 7, 1845 ; died Aug. 1, 1847. Frederick H., born Dec. 15, 1848; died Jan. 23, 1869. Everard R., born March 6, 1854, and now resides with his parents. Mrs. Cook is de scended from Andrew and Rebecca (Robinson) Haw kins, of Smithfield, R. I. Their son, Darius, was born in that town, and was a farmer by occupation. He married Esther Haskall, and had four children, — Rufus, Sally, Amos, and Polly. Rufus was a car penter by trade, married Anna Ballou, and had chil dren, — Charles (deceased), Martin (now residing in Madison County, Ohio), and Lucy A. E. (now Mrs, Cook). Horace L. Cook is a Republican in politics is a prosperous farmer, resides on the old homestead in West Wrentham first settled by his grandfather. and has a beautiful home, the result of his industry and prudent economy. JABEZ FISHER. Hon. Jabez Fisher was born in Wrentham, Nov. 19 1717. He received only a common-school education but was distinguished for ready and strong common sense, and for intuitive perceptions of the proper adaptation of means to the ends proposed. He was sound and practical, at the same time able to detect sophistry and baffle cunning. He was remarkable for an inflexible adherence to principle. He was cour teous in manners and strongly desirous of being useful. He represented the town of Wrentham for a number of sessions in the Provincial Assembly. In 1774, in October, he was a member of the House of Dele gates, which met at Salem and formed themselves into a Provincial Congress, also of the Second Con gress, which met at Cambridge, and also of the Third, of which Dr. Warren was president. This last Con gress remained in session until July 19, 1775, when the representatives who had been elected under the provisions of the province charter assembled. Mr. Fisher was also a member of this body, and was one of the renowned twenty-eight who were then elected councilors, to act as a distinct branch of the Legis lature and to exercise the executive powers of the government. John Adams, Samuel Adams, Thomas Cushing, Bobert Treat Paine, and John Hancock were among those elected. Mr. Hildreth, from whose biographical sketch of Mr. Fisher the foregoing is condensed, continues, " No member of that honorable board was in labors more abundant than he. No one's judgment was more highly estimated. No one's firm ness less distrusted." He was regarded as the special watchman of the country part of Suffolk (then in cluding Norfolk), and relied upon to bring into action all the force, moral and physical, of that section. He never disappointed expectation nor failed in any pur pose which he deliberately formed. No man knew better what was practicable, and no man deliberated more thoroughly. He was a delegate to the Conven tion of Massachusetts for the adoption of the Consti tution of the United States in 1788, for which he labored and voted. He died in 1806, aged eighty- nine years. €2&t*rA**4L -g-.^f^xS^ FOXBOROUGH. 673 CHAPTER LVI.1 FOXBOROUGH. Incorporation of Town — Early History — The First Settler — Jacob Shepard — List of Early Settlers — Early Votes — The Pioneer Schools — The First Town Clerk — Church History — Early Votes — Manufactures, etc. Foxborough was incorporated June 10, 1778. The title reads, " In the year of our Lord 1778. An Act for incorporating certain lands in the County of Suffolk, formerly belonging to the town of Dorches ter, but now to the towns of Wrentham, Walpole, Stroughton, and Stoughtonham, with the inhabitants living thereon, into a town by the name of Fox borough." The act recites that the lands formerly belonged to Dorchester, but such portion as was previously in cluded within the limits of Walpole had never been a part of Dorchester. Walpole, incorporated Dec. 10, 1724, had before been a part of Dedham, incorporated 1636, which had heretofore been called " Contentment." But by far the largest part of this territory was once Dor chester. The original Dorchester, incorporated 1630, — "Mattapan," — comprised only the little region be tween the Neponset River, the town of Boston, and the bay; but in 1636 the General Court granted to the Dorchester Plantation the " Unquety Grant," con taining some six thousand acres, from the south bank of the Neponset to the top of the Blue Hills, from which was carved Milton, incorporated in 1662; and in the following year the court annexed to Dorchester the " New Grant," so called, being all the territory, not before granted, between Dedham and the line of the Plymouth Colony, about which line there was a dispute long unsettled. The southern boundary line of Dorchester was first marked in 1664. It was run again by the agents of Dorchester from " Angle Tree," upon the line of Attleborough, to " Accord Pond," on the borders of Hingham, Abington, and Scituate, " twenty-five and a half miles and twenty rods." This old boundary line was confirmed to Dorchester by the General Court in 1720. Dorchester then extended from Dorchester Point (now South Boston) to within one hundred and sixty rods of the line of Rhode Island ; about thirty-five miles as " y° road goeth." 1 The following chapter was contributed by Hon. E. P. Car penter, being an address delivered by him at Foxborough, June 29, 1878, and is an invaluable contribution to the historic literature of the State. 43 The dismemberment began in 1724, when the southwest portion of the South Precinct was set off to Wrentham, formerly a part of Dedham, incorpo rated in 1673. The petitioners gave for cause, "that they lye thirty miles from the old meeting house, and fifteen from the southern meeting house of Puncapaug, so that they are under great disadvantages for attend ing the public worship there." The part thus set off to Wrentham was larger than one-half of the present town of Canton. Two years later the remainder of the " New Grant" was set off, and incorporated as Stoughton, so called for Governor William Stoughton, of Dorchester. When the question was before the town of Dorchester, thirty-four voted in favor of the partition, twenty-nine against it. The first precinct or parish of Stoughton, being the northerly portion, was, in 1797, incorporated as Can ton. Previously, however, i.e., in 1765, the northerly portion of the west part of Stoughton, or Massapoag, had been incorporated as a district by the name of Stoughtonham ; ^ind by the provisions of the general act of 1775 that district became a town to all intents and purposes. In 1783 it became Sharon, Stoughton remaining a town by itself. Thus, from Dorchester came Canton, Stoughton, and Sharon entire, Foxborough substan tially, and a large portion of Wrentham. When Foxborough, as such, was created, all this territory belonged to the county of Suffolk ; but it was all set off to the present county of Norfolk when incorporated, March 26, 1793. John Shepard was born Feb. 25, 1705, and died April 3, 1809, aged one hundred and four years, one month, and six days. He was born in what was then Dorchester, now Fox borough ; and a most respectable antiquarian has recently once more given currency to the story that he had been (through legislative changes) a resident of three different counties and five different towns, and yet lived in the same house all the time. As we have seen, Foxborough was carved in 1778 from Wrentham, Walpole, Stoughtonham, and Stough ton; principally from the two latter towns. It is natural, therefore, to inquire what the conduct of these two towns had been during the Revolutionary struggle. Stoughton had been a little backward in support of the Boston Committee of Correspondence in 1773 and the early part of 1774, bat the County Congress was held at Doty's Tavern in Stoughton, now Canton, Aug. 16, 1774, and Joseph Warren was present, and there was no hesitation afterwards. The town was repre sented at the famous County Convention at the house of Daniel Vose, in Milton, Sept. 9, 1774, when War ren said, " On the fortitude, on the wisdom, and on 674 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. the exertions of this important day is suspended the fate of this new world and of unborn millions." Then the " Suffolk Resolves" were unanimously adopted. On the 19th of April, upon the "Lexington Alarm," nine companies, or four hundred and seventy men, marched from Stoughton and Stoughtonham. Among these it is easy to distinguish the Foxborough names. July 10, 1775, Stoughton and Stoughtonham as sembled together, and elected Thomas Crane as their representative to the General Court, to be holden at Watertown, July 19, 1775. Our act of incorporation establishes the territory we have been discriminating, " with the inhabitants living thereon," " into a town by the name of Fox borough." It is said to be the only town of that designation in the world, so that there can be no mis take as to our identity. Whence the name? The name itself proves the inhabitants loyal to liberty. Charles James Fox, born 1749, son of Lord Hol- .land, in Parliament before he was twenty years of age, was already an eminent man when, in 4774, he opposed the Boston Port Bill and defended the conduct of the colonies. He said, in 1775, of Lord North, the prime minister of George III., " The King of Prussia, nay, even Alexander the Great, never gained more in one campaign than Lord North has lost. He has lost a whole continent." One of Fox's biographers says, " During the whole American war, Mr. Fox succes sively protested against every measure of hostility directed against the colonies." Of him the Foxbor ough soldiers, who marched in quickstep at the " Lex ington Alarm," and to Bunker Hill and Dorchester Heights, had heard, and, whatever the faults of that famous British statesman, no friend of American inde pendence need blush to bear his name. May 22, 1776, the town of Stoughton passed this resolve : " That if the honorable Continental Congress should, for the safety of this colony, declare us inde pendent of the Kingdom of Great Britain, we, the inhabitants, will solemnly engage, with our lives and fortunes, to support them in the measure." : It may not be out of place, however, to add here the tradition that Seth Boyden (then eighteen years of age), Ebenezer Forest, Samuel Forest, and Oliver Pettee (father of Martin Pettee), of Foxborough, were, in the last year of the Revolutionary war, taken by a British fleet while cruising on an American privateer, and were thrown into the prison-ship at New York, whence they were released at the close of the war. Of Abijah Pratt, who was afterwards a lieutenant in 1 The Revolutionary history will be found on subsequent pages of this work. his company, his descendants relate that, enlisting as an undersized lad of sixteen, he stood on tiptoe behind the other recruits in an agony lest he should fail to pass the military inspection. , But who were the inhabitants incorporated? How many were there of them ? Whence did they come and how long had they been here ? These questions are not easily answered, because the town records contain no list. A distinguished antiquarian has furnished a list of those males of sixteen years and upwards, supposed to have resided on the Foxborough territory Jan. 1, 1777, collated by him from an ori". inal schedule, prepared at that time by Mr. Hill, one of the selectmen of Stoughtonham. It is suggested that there may not have been so many residents, but it is thought useful to preserve the list, in all one hundred and six in number : "January 17, 1777.2 Nehemiah Carpenter, 3; Jacob Cook, 1 ; Josiah Robbins, 1 ; Jacob Lenard, 1 ; Joseph Wood, 1 ; John Comey, 4; John Sumner, 3; Job Willis, 2 ; Zebulon Dean, 1 ; Widow Elizabeth Payn, 4 ; William Payson, ye first, 2 ; Spencer Hodges, 1 ; Thomas Richardson, 2 ; John Richardson, 1 ; Daniel Robeson, 1 ; Seth Robeson, 1 ; Joseph Payn, 1 ; Wil liam Payn, 2d, 5; Jacob Payn, 1; John Payn, 1 ; Lem. Payn, 1 ; Eleazer Belcher, 1 ; Josiah Blanchard, 1 ; David White, 1 ; Samuel Balcom, 1 ; Joseph Tif- ney, 1 ; David Forrest, 1 ; William Clark, 1 ; Elijah Mors, 1 ; Joseph Rhodes, 3 ; Nathaniel Clark, 2 ; Maj. Samuel Billings, 4 ; Josiah Farrington, 1 ; Ebe nezer Billings, 3 ; Levi Morse, 1 ; Ebenezer Hill, 3 ; Elijah Billings, 2 ; David Wood, 3 ; Tim Clap, 1 ; Ezekiel Pierce, 1 ; Jethro Wood, 1 ; Capt. Nat. Morse, 2 ; John Smith, 1 ; Lem. Lyon, 2 ; Lieut. Ezra Morse, 2 ; William Billings, 1 ; William ¦ — — , 3 ; Zuriah Atherton, 1 ; William Clapp, 1 ; William Comey, 2 ; Capt. Israil Smith, 1 ; Beriah Billings, 1 ; Jeremiah Rhodes, 1 ; Jonathan Billings, 2d, 1 ; Jonathan Bil lings, 3 ; John Basset, 1 ; William Wright, 1 ; Samuel Bradshaw, 2 ; David Wilkeson, 1 ; Thomas Pogge, 1 ; Joseph Rhodes, 1 ; Stephen Cobb, 3 ; Ephraim Shep ard, 1; Nathan Clark, 2; total, 106." Many of the residents upon the present territory of Foxborough, previous to 1778, are known, and their places of residence can be identified. In 1713 the proprietors of the outlying lands in Dorchester were incorporated into a distinct body from the town, and were henceforth called "The Proprietors of the Undivided Lands." This body held its meetings until after 1770, and from it the title to much of the lands in Foxborough was derived. 2 The figures after each name indicate the number in family. FOXBOROUGH. 675 Previous to either of these dates, however, i.e., about 1669 and 1670, there was laid out to William Hudson two tracts of land adjoining each other, con taining five hundred acres, annexed from Dorchester to Wrentham in 1824, but now in Foxborough, and known as " Shepard's Farm." William Hudson con veyed the tract to " Thomas Platts, of Boston, butcher," Oct. 21, 1676, in consideration of two hun dred and seventy-five pounds, " the same situate, lying, and being in the wilderness, between Dedham and Seaconet, commonly called or known by the name of 'Wading River Farm.'" Under the will of Thomas Platts, probated Aug. 8, 1692, the farm passed to his son, Thomas Platts, of Boston, victualer, who, by deed dated July 11, 1704, conveyed it to " Jacob Shepard, late of Mystic (now Medford), but now of Wading River, planter." Thus Jacob Shep ard1 was certainly here in the wilderness in 1704, and, so far as any known record, must have been the first settler of Foxborough. If he had half the trouble in discovering his place of settlement that I have had in establishing the fact that he was the pioneer settler, he must have been endowed with a large share of perseverance and patience. In 1718 his widow administered upon his estate, inventoried at £1339 19s. Gd., and in 1727 partition of the lands was made between the widow, Mercy, John, Thomas, Joseph, and Benjamin. His son John is the patriarch John before spoken of as born here in 1705, and possibly, nay, probably, was the first white-born child of Foxborough. The cellar is still to be seen over which that house stood. Afterwards, Timothy Morse, of Walpole, bought of Edward and Samuel Capen three hundred acres of land, late in Dorchester, but then in Stoughton, — the southeasterly end of the forty-seventh lot in the twenty-fifth division. This must have been subse quent to 1726. Timothy sold to his son Timothy in 1749, who became a settler. A portion of this land is now owned by Jarius Morse. The name of Timothy Morse, Jr., appears in the tax-list of 1742 ; that of Eleazer Robbins, from Walpole, appears in the same list. Robbins owned about one thousand 1 William Shepard, one of the first settlers of Dorchester, ad mitted to the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company in 1642, afterwards moved to the southerly part of the town, near Provi dence ; then returned nearly to the town of Dorchester, " as near thereunto as Dedham;" this was in 1675, or near that time." (From History of Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company. John II. Eastburn, publisher, 1842.) Was this William Shepard the father of the Jacob Shepard, and grandfather of the John Shepard, named on pages 54 and 55 of the " Centennial Record" ? And isn't it probable that Wil liam settled here on his return from Providence way ? acres of what is now called East Foxborough. He had three daughters. One of them married one Dr. Winslow, from Freetown ; another married Abijah Pratt, of Foxborough (to whom we have alluded) ; and the third married Kingsbury, the great-grand father of our present worthy citizen, Joseph A. Kingsbury. Robbins' house stood nearly opposite the present Kingsbury homestead. Of Dr. Shadrach Winslow, one of our former worthy townsmen, now nearly eighty-six years of age, writes, " He was a man of marked mind, and was probably the most scientific individual who ever resided in the town of Foxborough. After graduating at Yale College, and receiving the best medical education the country could afford, about 1778 he embarked as surgeon on board a privateer, made several trips successfully, but was at length taken prisoner and carried to England and confined in Dartmoor prison for several months, where, by exposure, he sustained injuries which greatly im paired his health, and from which he never recovered. His profound knowledge of his profession led him to despise quackery in all its forms, and to which he never descended. He became a citizen of Foxbor ough about the year 1784. Notwithstanding his talents and high attainments he declined all partici pation in governmental affairs, not accepting even a town office. He loved retirement. Books were his companions and friends. He was social and cour teous to all his friends. He was a gentleman in the full sense of the word." The Morses and Boydens came from Medfield ; the Capens, from Dorchester, now Stoughton ; the Bel chers, from Stoughtonham, now Sharon ; the Ever- etts, from Dedham ; the Carpenters, from Reho both. Seth Boyden's name appears in the tax-list of 1742. He was the ancestor of all the Foxborough Boydens. The record shows that he bought a tract of some two hundred and forty acres (now what is known as the Amos and Seth Boyden estate) about 1738. Ebenezer Warren, the brother of Gen. Joseph Warren, removed here about 1779 from Roxbury, where he was born in 1749. A son of Gen. War ren, visiting his uncle, died, and was buried in the old burying-ground; but his remains were removed, some years since, in a most unceremonious, not to say uncivilized, manner, in a raisin-box for a casket. Ebenezer Warren was a stanch patriot and true man, and always a leading citizen, but of obstinate and unyielding temper. He was its delegate to the State Convention which adopted the Federal Constitution, the magistrate of the infant town, and was for many years a judge of the County Courts. The Clarks, 676 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. Everetts, Bakers, Carpenters, Pratts, Pettees, and Bel chers settled here after 1750. In 1776 the annual town-meeting of Stoughtonham was held March 11th. Of those then elected to the town offices the following became two years after citi zens of Foxborough, viz. : Ebenezer Hill, Selectman ; Nathaniel Clark, of the Committee of Correspondence, Inspection, and Safety ; Nehemiah Carpenter, Con stable, as he was for many years in this town ; Jona than Billings (2d), Surveyor of Ways. Seth Boyden was collector for the second ministerial precinct in Stoughton in 1750, as appears from the rate-book, now in the hands of his descendants. That precinct included Stoughton, Sharon, and a large part of Fox borough. They also have " the records of the proprietors of a lot of land, being ye forty- fifth lot in ye twenty-five divisions of land (so called), lying, and being in y° Township of Dorchester, and now in ye Township of Stoughton, in y" County of Suffolk ; and is held in common by the said proprietors, — Begun the tenth day of April, 1739." This record was kept by Seth Boyden as the " Proprietors' Clerk." This lot was partly in the present Sharon, and partly in Fox borough, and contained the iron-ore bed worked so long. The sixth article in the warrant, issued March 4, 1738, by Jonathan Ware, Esq., of Wrentham, is " to determine in what manner ye Iron oar and stream in sd land shall be divided or disposed of." Capt. Preserved Capen was moderator of the first two meet ings, held respectively at the house of Mrs. Mary Billings, widow of Beriah Billings, innholder, and Capt. Samuel Billings. Both Beriah and Capt. Billings lived in what now is Foxborough. It was voted that the iron " oar," then or thereafter found, should be reserved to the use of all the proprietors, according to their interest, each of whom might between the last Tuesday in August and October " dige oar an nually, and at no other time of the year." " The Brook or Stream" was also reserved for the use of the proprietors "to build a mill and dam on, provided they do not raise such a head of water as to float the adjacent lands or meadows, at any other time of the year than between y" first day of October and the 20th day of April, annually." And in the same custody we find a bond of Nathan Clark, Jr., " Bloomer" (or maker of iron blooms), and Nathaniel Clark, " Cord- winder" (cordwainer or shoemaker), for one hundred pounds, dated Dec. 20, 1760, and conditioned upon draining off " their forge pond, by hoy sting the gates by the first day of May, so long as it is improved for a forge pond." Nathan Clark and Nathaniel Clark (the Stoughtonham committee-man of 1776) lived on what after became Foxborough territory, and the sure ties named in the bond were Elkanah Billings (one of the proprietors), Josiah Morse, and Ebenezer Hill Foxborough men. The said forty-fifth lot of land contained four hundred and thirty-seven acres, of which two hundred and thirty-two and one-quarter acres were set off to Seth Boyden, with an additional allowance for " bad land," in the whole probably nearly two hundred and seventy acres. By this record of the last meeting of the proprietors, held Sept. 12, 1757, it appeared that Daniel Bacon had " duge and carried off, without leave, seventeen tuns seventeen hundred and fifty pounds of iron oar, and Michael Woodcock nine tuns and fourteen hundred of iron oar, without proper leave." By Boyden's account he received seventy-five tons of ore as his proportion in the years 1740 to 1755, inclusive. It was at this forge and from this iroD ore that the first cannon were cast for the war of " '76," by one Uriah Atherton ; and the " grog cups" used on the occasion are now in the hands of one of his descend ants. This honor is claimed by Bridgewater; but there is a well-authenticated tradition that the " Bridgewater folks" came here to learn the trade, and proved themselves ready apprentices. A cannon-ball cast by Atherton at this forge is deposited in Memo rial Hall. Boyden was a man of intelligence, and held a full share of offices in Stoughton before the incorporation of Foxborough, as the ancient papers we have to-day would show. Among them is a warrant addressed by the Selectmen of Stoughton, April 25, 1768, to Seth Boyden, directing him " to take care of and award the wages," viz. : " All ye roads lying in that part of Stoughton called Robinses Corner" (i.e., Robbins), as the part of Foxborough where Boyden lived appears to have been then called. He was to give the high way tax-payer the proffer of doing their proportions, etc., in labor at " £0 2s. Ad. a day for a man, and £0 4s. 8d. a day for a man and yoke of oxen and cart." Amos Boyden was early a surveyor in Foxborough, as appears from a warrant addressed to him in the second year of incorporation (i.e., 1779), directing him " to take and award all ye highways or roads in your squardren," etc. Also, " all y" other roads be longing to yc town of Foxborough in that part that of late belonged to Stoughton." The expense of the school in " Robinses Corner" is show by the following receipts. It was, perhaps, as burdensome to our fathers proportionally as to us; but we find no record of complaint for what are called " public burdens :" FOXBOROUGH. 677 "The Town of Stoughtox to Se™ Boydex, Dr. March, 1772. 1 16 0 0 10 By Cash paid to Jeremiah Fisher for keeping School in Robinses Corner six weeks the sum of thirty- six shillings t To boarding sd School Master two weeks in Feb ruary and March, 1772, at five shillings and four pence per week ten shillings and eight ponce 2 6 8 "Stoughton, July ye 10, 1772. " Per me, Seth Boyden." The schoolmaster's wages were six shillings a week. "Sept first 1773 "Received of Seth Boyden fifteen Shillings for Keeping School in Stoughton five weeks in July and August in' the year 1773 Rec3 by me " Lydia Morse." Lydia received three shillings a week. Judging by the name, she was of the neighborhood talent, and boarded "to hum." According to the list, which has before been given at length, there were, at the time of incorporation, sixty-four families, containing one hundred and six male inhabitants, sixteen years of age and upwards, in that portion of Stoughtonham which became Fox borough. This makes no account of the inhabitants living upon the lands of Wrentham, Walpole, and Stoughton, incorporated with those of Stoughtonham. The names of quite a number have been named of those who, before incorporation, dwelt upon the lands of Stoughton and Wrentham. In 1765 Stoughton, including the present Stough ton, Sharon, Canton, and all of Foxborough (except such portions as once belonged to Wrentham and Walpole), contained a population of 2295, and 567 male inhabitants, sixteen years and upwards, or al most exactly one in four of the whole. In 1777 Stoughton contained 532 males, sixteen years and upwards ; Stoughtonham, 300. In 1778 Stoughton had 504 polls in valuation, Stoughtonham 209, and Foxborough (now appearing in census for the first time) had 113. Stoughton and Stoughtonham had each lost to Foxborough, and all three had doubtless lost by the ravages of the war. According to the proportion of Stoughton and Stoughtonham, the population of Foxborough at its incorporation must have been about 450. In 1781 it had 133 polls, and had, perhaps, nearly 550 inhab itants. In 1790 the census gave the town a popula tion of 640 ; in 1800, 779 ; in 1810, 870 ; in 1820, 1004; in 1830, 1168; in 1840, 1494; in 1850, 1880; in 1860, 2879 ; in 1875, 3168. At a town- meeting held Nov. 11, 1832, a committee appointed to consider the expediency of building a town house, reported that " the whole number of voters are sup- not to fall much short of 200, and we may confidently anticipate that at no distant period that number will actually attend town-meetings." The expectations of the committee were more than real ized Nov. 9, 1840, when, under the stimulus of the f'Log Cabin Campaign," the town polled 252 votes; but that number was not again reached for years. In 1875 the population of Foxborough was 3168, and its polls numbered 695. It has, therefore, increased about sevenfold since its incorporation in these re spects. The soil of the lands set off as Foxborough, better known as " Foxbery" at that time, was not rich or productive, and the people who dwelt upon them were poor also, and rather looked down upon by their wealthier neighbors of Walpole, Wrentham, Sharon, and Mansfield. In 1781 the State tax of the town was less than that of any town in Suffolk County save Hull. In 1796 its State tax was the smallest paid by any of the towns in Norfolk County; in 1810 the small est except that of Dover; in 1820 the smallest ex cept that of Dover and Stoughton (the mother-town) ; and in 1830 the smallest, still excepting Dover. In 1876 there were twenty-four towns in Norfolk County ; of these, fourteen towns had a greater val uation than Foxborough, nine had a less valuation. In amount of taxable property it surpassed its neigh bors of Sharon, Walpole, Mansfield, and Wrentham. In population it is the twelfth town of Norfolk County. Of the first settlers of Foxborough as a town, John Everett was a blacksmith, Aaron Everett a carpenter, Joseph Everett, a tanner and currier and a glove- maker. One citizen made hats and another stamped calico. Swift Payson was the first town clerk, 1778 and 1779. He was son of the Rev. Phillips Payson, pastor of Walpole, one of the eleven candidates voted for, in 1729, for minister of the church in Dorchester. The good parson established his son as a farmer in Foxborough. This Swift Payson was a humorous, whimsical, but kindly character. Passionately fond of music, his first accumulations, as a boy, were de voted to the purchase of a violin. Horrified at the sound of the instrument, accidentally heard after a long concealment, the father cried, '' Where did you get that fiddle ?" " I bought it, sir," was the appa rently innocent reply. " Then sell it at the first op portunity ; let me never hear it again." Shortly the Ministerial Association met with Mr. Payson, to whom, sitting in the parlor, demurely entered the lad with his violin. " Gentlemen, would either of you like a first-rate fiddle ? My father says I may sell it, and I thought it only right to give you the first chance." It is to be hoped the boy's wit saved his fiddle. It 678 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. may have done good service in Foxborough, for tradi tion says our people, in the midst of hardship and privation, were yet gay and pleasure-loving, and " often danced on sanded floors to the scraping of the catgut;" and the discovery of red ears at huskings was the same then as now. Joseph Hewes lived in the house afterwards occupied by Col. Henry Hobart, well remembered as one of the strongest and most re liable citizens of Foxborough. Joseph Hewes prac ticed medicine, and removed to Providence, R. I., where he accumulated considerable property. John Everett, the blacksmith, lived in a large house, sheltered by two fine old trees, an elm and a white-wood tree. Upon a limb of the last he hung a tavern sign which welcomed the wayfarer. Joseph Comey was the village shoemaker ; Simon Pettee was a gunsmith ; Stephen Pettee, a farmer ; William Pettee, a laborer and a famous singer; Ben jamin Pettee lived in what is known as Daniel Car penter's " old house ;" Forrest, Guild, and Jedediah Morse lived in what is now called " New State." David Stratton, the Shepards, Sherman, and Clafflin (another shoemaker) lived in the southern part of the town. On the great road from Worcester to Taunton lived Grover, Shaw, the Paines, Seth Robinson, Ebenezer Warren, Spencer Hodges. On the road leading to Mansfield (through East Foxborough, or " Robbinses Corner," before the roads through Witch Woods or over Robinson Hill was laid out) lived Robins, Kings bury, Pratt, Bird, Comey, Sumner, and Leonard fam ilies. Near Sharon lived the Boyden, Clap, and Clark families. Near the northeast corner of the town lived Eleazer Belcher, who cultivated a farm, made potash, and kept a little store. Before Belcher, however, Joseph Rhoades, living a mile from any other person, kept a store in his corn barn. The Morses lived near Swift Payson, on the road to Walpole, or what is and was one hundred and twenty-five or one hundred and fifty years ago called " Crack Rock." Another branch of the family lived at Robinses Corner. At the Centre were Leonard, Cook, Jeremy Hartshorn, Sam uel Baker, and Nehemiah Carpenter. It is said that the old Deacon Baker house, alias Bird house, has sheltered six generations, and always loyal except in one instance. The old Ironside Pa triots, Baker and Belcher, who lived there at the time of the tea-tax, declared " tea shall not be drank in this house ;" but Mrs. Belcher's taste for the cup was stronger than her patriotism, and, detailing her daughter as guard at the door, she would indulge in a " sip" of tea in the absence of her liege lord. The disloyal cup still exists, but in the hands of loyal sub jects. Moseley was a deserter from an English man-of- war, who hid himself in Foxborough, where, long after, his wife joined him. He bought a piece of land of Samuel Mann, in the dense woods, for which he paid four dollars. On it he built a log cabin with one room and loft reached by a ladder. Afterwards a rude shelter was put up for cow and pig. Near by was a never-failing spring. A flat rock was the door- sill, upon which played successively eleven daughters, some of whom became mothers of highly respectable families. Roses long grew spontaneously where the rude home of the sailor fugitive had been. Francis (or Francois) Daniels was a Frenchman, from Normandy ; a Protestant, deeply religious. He came to Boston as a " stow-away," and was advertised and sold for one hundred dollars to pay his passage. He was purchased by John Hewes and brought to this town, and not only redeemed himself from servi tude, but poverty, by his industry and perseverance, breaking up quite a large farm with the rudest imple ments ; the farm is now owned by one of his descend ants, and his blood flows in the veins of many of us. You can see here to-day his sabots, or wooden shoes, that he wore when he came to this town. The first school-house in the town was not more than fourteen feet square. There were on one side three seats running the whole length of the building, except a space at each end to enter. There was an entry just large enough for the door to open and shut without injury to the children. The room was lighted by three windows, one on each of three sides, each containing twelve panes of small glass, six by eight inches. There never was such an article as a desk for the teacher. Private kindness furnished a small table, with a single drawer, and a comfortless chair. A male teacher kept the winter school, and was expected to teach reading, writing, and arithmetic, with something of English grammar ; but the female teacher of the summer school was allowed to dispense with the latter of the " three R's." But she must understand how to knit and sew, for the accomplish ments of young ladies in that age were the marking of linen, making thread lace, and embroidering mus lin. All the people west of Foxborough Centre sent their children to this school-house, which was always full. The children wore coarse homespun cloth, stout leather shoes, and yarn stockings, and the girls had striped shawls pinned beneath the chin. For, as has been said before, the Foxborough people at that early day.were very poor, and money was exceedingly scarce. FOXBOROUGH. 679 The women spun wool and flax, and wove cloth. When the good dame had a few yards of linen, or some spare sheets, she took them to the calico artisan, who stamped them with bright colors for dresses. Carriages were very rare in the country towns. In 1753 a tax was imposed upon them, for the purpose of encouraging the linen manufacture. In 1757 there were six carriages in Stoughton ; but it may be doubted whether either of these was owned in that part of Stoughton which was incorporated in Fox borough. Two women often rode on the back of one horse, which they caught, saddled, bridled, and mounted at the horse-block, without masculine assist ance. The simplicity and rude fashion of living one hun dred years ago gave to our fathers " An undergoing spirit to bear up Against whatever ensued." In the act of incorporation the motive recited by the Legislature for passing it is substantially as that passed fifty-two years before by the ancestors of some of them, for being set off from Dorchester to Wren tham, — " Whereas, a number of inhabitants belonging to the towns of Wrentham, Walpole, Stoughton, and Stoughtonham have represented to this Court the inconvenience they labor under on account of their distances from their places of publick wor ship in the towns to which they now belong, and have earnestly and repeatedly requested that tbey may be incorporated into a town, be it therefore," etc. The controlling suggestion then was the inconven ience of the petitioners in attending " public wor ship." Probably some of them lived at least ten or twelve miles from the meeting-house, the stated ser vices of which the law compelled them to support, and which alone they had a right to attend, save by a courtesy, then rarely expected or extended, for it must not be forgotten that until 1833 all tax-payers were compelled by law to support public worship in the towns where they resided. In that town and no other did they pay, or could they pay, for preaching. There, and nowhere else, had they a right of property therein, or felt themselves at home. There was no shrinkage of creed to fill the pews. To transport the large family of those days over such roads as then were, twenty or twenty-five miles, to meeting aud home again, was indeed a Sabbath-day's journey. It was an intolerable grievance. It was so great a griev ance in the Foxborough case that the earnest and re peated request must have been effectual long before probably, but for a reason about to be given. It ap pears that as early as 1757 the royal policy was adopted of opposing the incorporation of new towns, because thus the size of the House of Representatives was increased, — a body that was generally hostile to the king's prerogative, — and so, when absolute necessity seemed to require a new organization, it was conferred in the shape of a " district" instead of a township, without the right of representation, as in the case of Stoughtonham, in 1765, and Mansfield, in 1770. Hence, if Massachusetts had remained a province, the Governor would have been reluctant to organize Foxborough as a district, and pretty certainly would not have assented to its incorporation as a town. Its people were uninfluential, poor, and patriotic. They were such " As dare to love their country and be poor." After the expulsion of the royal Governor there was, of course, no longer any objection of a similar character to the incorporation of towns. But the years 1775-77 were busy and crowded years, full of labors and terrors for both people and Legislature, and in this way it probably happened that Foxborough was not made a town till 1778. It was not customary, certainly, to incorporate a town or district until it was clearly in a situation to provide " publick worship" for itself. In almost every such case its capacity to that end had been previously tested as a precinct or parish. Foxborough had not been a precinct, but it had a meeting-house, or an apology for one, supposed to have been erected as early as 1763, perhaps about the commencement of the effort for separate organization. Nehemiah Carpenter and Jeremy Hartshorn gave the land for a common, on which to build the church, and for a burying-ground. It was centrally located, but was covered with rocks, shrub-oaks, and bushes, with a few sterling oaks, that should have been spared. The building was spacious enough, but the people were too poor to finish it. At the first town-meeting it was voted a to choose a com mittee of three persons to provide for the laying the floor and making the doors of the meeting-house, and to provide for the glazing so many of the windows as the committee shall see fit." It had been used for religious services without doors or windows, as a mere shelter from the storm. It was better than worshiping on the naked hills or under the shrub-oaks. It was many years before the ceiling or walls were plastered or the most ambitious thought of painting it. It grew dark with exposure, and seen on the plain by the traveler, from north or south, it looked like a black cloud. " What house is that?" asked a stranger. " It is the Lord's house," answered the citizen. " Ah, I 680 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. thought it was the Lord's barn," retorted the irrever ent stranger. All the town-meetings were held in the meeting house, as was customary ; indeed, everywhere the town was the parish, and immediately took upon itself (as indeed the law obliged it) the care and ex pense of providing for " publick worship." The meeting-house was for many years the only public building in the town, and scarcely any town-meeting occurred in which there was not something done about it. " Pew spots" — i.e., flooring upon which to erect pews — were many times sold to obtain money for necessary repairs or improvements, as (March 2, 1799) " will purchase stuff enough to finish of ye meeting-house." No committee on public buildings ever had more thought or care. Plans of improve ments were submitted, pews were constructed in the galleries, a porch was built on one side, and long after on the other side. " The town voted to sell the two hinder seats on the floor at publick vendue." The town chose a committee to seat the singers in the meeting-house. In 1788 it was voted that " Serviors clear the bushes from around the meeting-house, and allow the men the same price for their labor as they worked on the highway." Aaron Everett got six pence half-penny per square in 1790 for mending the windows. In the same year leave was granted to build horse-sheds, and, long after, to erect a horse block " the fore side of the meeting-house, they de fending the same," and so on, again and again. Clearly the town thought it owned the meeting house ; and perhaps, legally, it did, as well as the land under it. But the town had not originally built the building, as it was erected before any town was incorporated. In 1821, Rev. Thomas Williams, being about to leave the society, offered it five hun dred dollars (the amount of his original settlement) if it would erect a new meeting-house. The offer was at once accepted by a bare majority. The work of tearing down the old building began the next morning by volunteers, amid wild excite ment, and denunciation by some. Dec. 22, 1821, the selectmen, by their warrant, warned the town to assemble at their meeting-house on Monday, the 4th day of January, 1822, " to see," among other things, " if the town will repair their meeting-house, or do or act anything relative to the premises.' The record of this town-meeting mourn fully commences : " Pursuant to the foregoing war rant the town assembled on the spot where the meet ing-house stood. Voted, to direct their treasurer not to prosecute any person or persons on account of the parish taking down their meeting-house." The town's " meeting-house" had disappeared, and they certainly never had any other. They were not permitted "to use the new brick meeting-house, built in 1822, and taken down in 1855 or 1856, and for many years a place was hired for the transaction of the town's business.1 A hundred years ago the minister was the most important and influential person in a New England town. Foxborough was not fortunate. A strong pastor would have given stability to the people and been a natural leader, in temporal as well as spiritual things. Rev. Mr. Britt supplied the pulpit, perhaps before as well as after the incorporation, and for many years the town chose a committee to procure preach ers. Several clergymen declined overtures for settle ment, apparently on account of a want of harmony in the proceedings. Rev. Mr. Kendall was ordained in 1786, with great unanimity, and dismissed with greater unanimity in 1800. Then the Rev. Daniel Loring was called by the casting vote of old John Shepard. when near one hundred years of age, and in two years dismissed, serious disaffection having meanwhile occurred. The only useful and successful man among the early ministers was Rev. Thomas Williams, before alluded to, who came from Provi dence to Foxborough. Church psalmody made the usual dissension in Foxborough, and the peace-loving Mr. Williams found it necessary to employ the diplo macy of a Talleyrand in introducing music to the choir. The first bass-viol was manufactured by Marcus Everett, as to the wood-work, and finished by George Holbrook, a bell-maker by trade, and a famous music- teacher. It cost four dollars, and was an excellent instrument. When it was brought into the choir the old Frenchman, Francis Daniels, was horrified. In vain did some learned in Scriptures reason. There might be biblical authority for the harp, and even the viol, but certainly none for the bass-viol ; and the only compromise attainable was that he should quit the church when the profane performance began and return when it was over. The first intruding denomination was the Baptist, next the Universalist, and lastly the Catholic. The first Baptist meeting-house was located near the entrance of the road to " Witch Woods," and the 1 Jan. 4, 1822, to Nov. 14, 1836, town-meetings were held in Union Hall, over the school-house, which was built in 1793, near where the Baptist Church now is ; then in Sumner's Hall (where Union Building now is) ; from March 1, 1847, to April 7, 1856, in Cocasset Hall ; April, 1856, to March 29, 1858, in American Hall (now Knights of Honor Hall); since then in town hall. FOXBOROUGH. 681 house now occupied by Ashael Dean was the parson age. It was removed early in May, 1843, to the site of the present town hall or house, and enlarged and otherwise improved. When their present church was built it was sold at auction, and was converted into a box-manufactory, which was destroyed some two years since by fire. The Catholics have built their third house of wor ship, the others having been destroyed by fire. In the early part of the century the Foxborough Female Benevolent Society, afterwards the Ladies' Charitable Society, was established, and became the source of much good. Dues were paid either in money or straw braid. After some years George Stratton became owner of the iron-foundry. He also kept a store at Fox borough Centre, and his son kept the tavern, once conducted by Benjamin Comey. From Stratton the foundry passed into the hands of Gen. Leach, of Easton, and at his death to those of Martin Torrey and Otis Cary. In the first years of its organization, being the last of the war, the town suffered severely from the State and Continental charges and burdens. Papers in the Massachusetts archives show that the town was more than once relieved from excessive and disproportion ate rates and quotas. Like other towns, it in vain attempted to regulate the " price of things," con stantly rising with the depreciation of the currency. To show how great that depreciation was we need only give one or two illustrations. In 1780 the town voted £4068, or more than $20,000, for mending the highways and bridges, paying some $60 per day for labor. In 1776 it voted $1100 for highways and bridges. In 1780 the State tax of Foxborough was £16,411, or more than $80,000. Sept. 4, 1780, the town voted to raise £21,000, or more than $100,000 ; but afterwards reduced the amount to £16,000. Oc tober 9th, Voted to levy £15,000 to procure beef on a requisition for the army, and to defray other town charges. But the following year there was an attempt to resume specie payments, for it was voted to raise " 100 Spanish milled dollars for highways." The truth is, the depreciation was such that a hun dred paper dollars were worth about one dollar in specie. For three different years the town treasurer of Dor chester paid out thousands more than he received, — so rapid was the downfall of currency. May 18, 1781, the town treasurer owed Foxborough £13,679. In 1782 the rate of Eleazer Fisher was remitted ; rate, £124 10s. ; silver rate, £0 lis. 4d. It will not be attempted at this time to produce much from the town records. A futile attempt was made as early as 1782 to support preaching by voluntary contributions : " Voted, To have contributions every Sunday after divine service is over, to pay ministers." The plan has often failed since. There was frequent legislation against crows and blackbirds. There was a town defaulter as early as 1785, and to settle the defalcation the town took a farm and traded the same for preaching. In 1794 the selectmen were voted a committee to open a sub scription for the relief of sufferers by fire in the town of Boston. As will be observed, Foxborough early adopted many popular measures. In 1798 the town voted " to allow 66 cents for eight hours' work, and $1.33 for eight hours' work of a man and a team suf ficient to carry a ton weight." This was an eight-hour law. April 6, 1801, " Voted, To admit the use of instruments of music in public worship." In 1803 it was " Voted, Not to let the swine run at large," but the pigs had influence enough to procure a reconsideration of this vote, and ran at large some time longer. In 1804, " Voted, That the Selectmen vendue Lemuel White and wife, two of the town's poor, or support them the best way they can devise." May 5, 1804, " Voted, to purchase a hearse." The town had already bought " a grave-cloth," and it was soon voted to build a " herse-house," to be under the care of the Selectmen, and March 2, 1812, voted to paint the "herse-house." Jan. 9, 1826, " Voted, That the Selectmen be instructed to remove Daniel Dassance, as soon as convenient, from the House of Correction, at Dedham, and build a cage and place it within his mother's house, and him the said Dassance therein, under the care of the Selectmen." Dassance was a poor, insane person, whom the town was treating according to the custom or necessity of the time, who was afterwards provided for in the hos pital at Worcester. May 3, 1830, " Voted, That in our opinion the wearing of mourning apparel ought to be discontinued." Jan. 7, 1833, " Voted, The town express their cordial appro bation of the sentiments contained in President Jackson's Proclamation." Hard drinking was almost universal when Fox borough was incorporated. Rum raised a meeting house or a barn, or built a bridge. Every employer furnished it; every workman drank it. The only mechanical interest was the iron-foundry. It was a densely-wooded region, and the great specie-raising industry was charcoal-making. It was said that " the only export was charcoal, but that the imports were threefold, — molasses, codfish, and New England rum." Ruin fell upon the best men in the town, and the town itself. Distress was universal. The straw man ufacture, then in its infancy, somewhat mitigated suf fering • for by its aid the mother and little children, 682 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. whom the husband and father had abandoned, were enabled often to keep the " wolf from the door." Rev. Mr. Williams, Melatiah Everett, Esq., and Stephen Rhodes are entitled to great credit, not only because they clearly appreciated the necessity of re form, but had the courage to undertake it against dis couragement and fierce opposition. The movement to suppress intemperance began in 1817, much earlier than in most cases, and was triumphant. Rum had conquered New England ; but the manliness of her people overthrew the tyrant, as it is to be hoped it will yet again. Perhaps increasing prosperity had much to do, also, with the improved tone and increased self-respect of the people of Foxborough. We have just alluded to the straw manufacture, of which it is now possible to speak only in the briefest manner. The honor of being the first American manufacturer of straw bonnets is ascribed to Betsey Metcalf, of Providence, R. I., who imitated an im ported Dunstable. She then was a girl of twelve years ; but, as Mrs. Baker, she afterwards carried on the business, at first as a monopolist, but soon with competitors. It is said that Eunice, daughter of Aaron Everett, made the first bonnet in Foxborough. Soon after, Sally Mann made one. The straw was at first cut with a pair of scissors. Straw bonnets soon became common in Foxborough and Wrentham, where Amariah Hall, who kept store, took them, paying in goods. Cornelius Metcalf, coming to Foxborough, married Hepsebeth Sumner, and bought the place formerly occupied by the first minister, Mr. Kendall. Mrs. Metcalf had great skill in making the straw bonnets. She adopted several children, took apprentices, and carried on the business in a small way. Metcalf Everett first made straw goods for the New York market. Elias Nason then kept a store, paying for straw goods partly cash and partly in other goods. Nehemiah Carpenter was afterwards associated with Nason in this business. Daniels Carpenter and John Corey afterwards sepa rately manufactured straw goods on a much larger scale, paying cash for labor. John Corey was lost in the burning of the steamer " Lexington," on Long Island Sound, in the winter of 1840. Edson Carpenter and Milton, John E., and Henry H. Sumner, sons of John Sumner, afterwards carried on stores, where straw braid and bonnets were received n payment for goods. The Sumner brothers, under the firm-name of J. E. Sumner & Co., manufactured largely of straw goods, and sold imported stock to smaller manufacturers. Foxborough Foundry on Mill Street (usually called Cary's Foundry) has been in operation more than one hundred years, having been built in 1781 by George Stratton, Uriah Atherton, Joseph Hines, and John Knapp. Pond's box-factory and saw-mill was started in 1850 by Daniels Carpenter, Lucius Pond, J. Fisher Pond, and V. S. Pond. Dr. Gardner Peck, formerly a successful physician in Foxborough, engaged in the manufacture. Thus gradually the business grew and developed, until, in 1844, Oliver, Warren, and E. P. Carpenter, as asso ciates in business, built what then was considered a marvel of a straw-factory, or works. It was what is now the " Verandah House," used as a boarding-house. The business increased rapidly, and after several additions and alterations the first works were found altogether too limited, and in 1853 the Union Straw- Works were established ; but the growth of the business made it necessary to enlarge its limits, which was done in 1856. The business in creased from $75,000 in 1844 to nearly the amount of $2,000,000 in 1865. Foxborough has made, through its straw business, a name that in many for eign places is known better than the city of Boston itself. Certainly to this business Foxborough is indebted for her modern prosperity. On the 29th of June, 1778, the inhabitants of Foxborough first assembled in town-meeting, in pur suance of the warrant issued by Benjamin Guild, a magistrate of Wrentham, at the request of Benjamin Pettee, Swift Payson, Nehemiah Carpenter, Jacob Cook, Jacob Leonard, Amos Morse, and Samuel Baker. Josiah Pratt was moderator of the meeting; Swift Payson, clerk; Josiah Pratt, John Everett, Benjamin Pettee, Daniel Robinson, and Joseph Shep ard were chosen selectmen ; Nehemiah Carpenter was chosen treasurer, and John Comee, constable. They " Voted to adjourn the meeting for one hour and a half, then met" and chose five surveyors of highways, three for a committee of correspondence, five assessors, two tithingmen, two fence- viewers, two field-drivers, one sealer of leather, two hog-reeves, — a full comple ment of town officers. The 29th of June, 1778, was a period of gloom and doubt in the Revolutionary struggle. But our immediate ancestors were ready to play their part like men. In 1780 they said, in their petition to the General Court, " We are willing to sacrifice our all in the common cause, if it should be necessary." FOXBOROUGH. 683 CHAPTER LVII. FOXBOROUGH— (Continued). MILITARY RECORD. The Heroes of Three Wars — War of the Revolution — 1812 — War of the Rebellion— List of Soldiers, 1861-65— Patriots of 1776— Soldiers of 1812— Roll of Honor, 1861-65— Veterans of the War— Militia, 1796. The territory of Foxborough was made up from parts of Wrentham, Walpole, Stoughton, and Stough tonham (now Sharon). Wrentham was incorporated in 1673 ; Walpole, in 1724 ; Stoughton, in 1726 ; Sharon, in 1765 ; Foxborough, on the 10th of June, 1778. It was born, therefore, amid the throes of the Revo lutionary period. Lexington, Bunker Hill, the siege and evacuation of Boston, were memorable deeds already quite passed by in the rapid rush of events. Washington had occupied and evacuated New York ; Long Island and Staten Island had been lost to the enemy, who had, moreover, taken the forts upon the Hudson River, and overrun the Jerseys, occupying Philadelphia. The fame which Washington won by the brilliant, engagements at Trenton and Princeton had been somewhat dimmed by the indecisive or dis astrous engagements at the Brandywine, Germantown, and Monmouth Court-House ; but the failure of the Gates and Conway intrigue to displace him from the chief command demonstrated what a strong hold he already had upon the affections and respect of his countrymen. In the North the patriots had been more fortunate. At Bennington, on the 16th of August, 1777, the sturdy Stark had defeated the Hessian Colonels Baum and Breyman, in the glorious battle of Ben nington. This victory reanimated the people of New Eng land and New York, and prepared the way for the overthrow and surrender of the proud army of Bur- goyne, Oct. 16, 1777. The finances of the United States were in a most deplorable condition. The liabilities contracted by Congress amounted to $40,000,000 ; Massachusetts alone owed $5,000,000. The entire debt contracted for the war amounted to at least $65,000,000. Continental money depreciated to at least six for one in New England, and eight for one in the South. At a later period the money wages, for one year, of Ezra Carpenter, here in Foxborough, upon the farm of Benjamin Pettee, now owned by Daniels Carpen ter, was only sufficient to buy him a pair of cowhide Thus the financial status of the infant republic was wellnigh desperate. Yet faith and hope were strong. June 14, 1777, the flag of the stars aud stripes had been adopted. Though harassed and depreciated, the immortal Washington was " Patient of toil, serene amidst alarms, Inflexible in faith, invincible in arms." In that year, too, Lafayette had brought his sword, his youthful enthusiasm, and his loyal devotion to the American cause. Jan. 30, 1778, France and the United States signed two treaties, — one of friendship and commerce, the other of defensive alliance ; and this alliance, embroiling England with France, event ually rescued our independence from the countless dangers that beset it. June 13, 1778, the British Commissioners — the Earl of Carlisle, William Eden, and Governor John stone — -communicated to Congress proposals as a basis of peace, an extension of colonial trade : no military force to be quartered in any colony without the con sent of its Assembly ; an arrangement for sustaining the Continental bills of credit and their ultimate dis charge ; a representation of the colonies in the Parlia ment of Great Britain, and of the British government in the colonial assemblies. In short, King George offered almost everything short of total independence; but Congress peremptorily refused to treat unless the independence of the States was first acknowledged or the troops withdrawn. This was three days after the incorporation of our little town. Five days later, on the 18th of June, Philadelphia was evacuated by the British. Thus, amidst the mingled hopes and fears of Ameri cans, Foxborough began its existence as a town. The inhabitants of the territory embraced in it had already evinced their willingness to share in all patriotic perils and sufferings. When enlistments were first called for, Lieut. Timothy Morse recruited twenty-four men in the crowded bar-room of the old tavern at Wren tham for three years' service. My grandfather, Ezra Carpenter, was at work in a ditch on the land now owned by his son, Daniels Carpenter, when the min ute-men were first summoned by the alarm, upon the news of the battle of Lexington. He dropped his tools, ran for his musket and knapsack, seized a parcel of bread and meat, bade good-by to his friends, and started to join his company at Wrentham ; but, failing to find it there, he continued his march alone to Ded ham, and there joining other comrades, they continued on aud overtook the company at Roxbury. He was at the siege of Boston, and there, while doing; guard duty, had a narrow escape from a cannon- 684 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. ball, that came so near to him that he lost a portion of his shirt from his back and was thrown headlong to the ground, and reported by the soldier on guard with him as having been killed. He lived to the age of eighty-nine, and the speaker has often listened with boyish enthusiasm to his stories of Revolutionary service, protracted for three years. He was, doubtless, a soldier of Putnam's at Long Island ; he certainly crossed the Delaware, under Washington, on the mem orable Christmas-eve of 1776, and on Christmas morn ing, at eight o'clock, rushed in with his comrades upon the surprised and sleepy Hessians, confused with the last night's debauch. They had thrown their fresh- baked bread into the " horse-pond ;" but it was, never theless, rescued on the points of bayonets, and proved, after a shaving process, a savory morsel to the half- starved Americans. This Foxborough soldier and his comrades, a number of whom lived and died within my remembrance, but of whose particular history I have no knowledge, wintered "in 1776-77 at Morris- town, in comparative comfort ; but in 1777—78 the distress in the winter quarters of Washington's army was terrible, and the old campaigners often dwelt upon its details. Dec. 10, 1777, the army went into winter quarters at Valley Forge. Eleven thousand soldiers were quartered in log huts, each containing fourteen men. For want of shoes, all the late marches had been marked with blood from wounded feet. For lack of blankets, many of the men were compelled to sit up all night before the camp-fires. More than one- quarter were unfit for duty, because barefoot and otherwise naked. Provisions failed ; more than once there was famine in the camp. Such was the service and suffering of the Foxbor ough soldiers in the Revolution. As there were, of course, no records until after 1778, we are unable to find the responses the town would, if in existence, have made to the stirring appeals of James Otis, John Adams, Hancock, and Samuel Adams, ad dressed to the little rural municipalities ; but we find, in the very first warrant issued for a town-meeting, dated June 12, 1778, "Article 5th: to see if the town will carry on the war by way of a rate, or act or do anything thereon they shall see fit ;" feeling and assuming, as it were, the whole responsibility of carrying on the war. As the grandson of a Revolu tionary soldier, I may be pardoned for expressing the gratification I have experienced in serving as your rep resentative upon the commission which has deposited the noble statue of Samuel Adams in the capitol at Washington as the gift of Massachusetts to the nation and her tribute of admiration to him, often called " the pilot of the Revolution." It is said and claimed that Uriah Atherton, of Foxborough, cast at Sharon the first cannon of the Revolutionary war. The Revolutionary patriots of Foxborough bore the names of Boyden, Billings, Carpenter, Forrest, Harts horn, Howe, Morse, Everett, Pettee, etc. ; in all twenty-four in number. The same names reappear, in the war of 1812 among the thirty-eight men furnished by the town to the light infantry company which reported at Rox bury, serving fifty-six days in and about the forts of Boston Harbor. Daniel Everett was its captain ; Asa Plympton, lieutenant ; Amos Morse, ensign. Of the soldiers of 1812, four are still living, — Alexander Boyden, Francis Carpenter, Daniels Carpenter, and Lyman Comey ,¦ — whose united ages are quite three hundred and thirty years. July 2, 1812, the town voted " to make up to the soldiers detached from the militia in Foxborough and inhabitants of Foxborough, with the government pay, twelve dollars per month for May, June, July, Au gust, September, and October, and ten dollars for No vember, December, January, February, March, and April, if they are called into active service." Aug. 22, 3814, it was voted "to make up to the soldiers of the last detachment, and all who may be de tached in Foxborough previous to March next, eigh teen dollars a month each, and each five dollars bounty." At a meeting Nov. 7, 1814, the part of the vote about bounty was reconsidered. It may be worth while to note that in 1815, at the close of the war, one hundred and fifty-two votes were thrown for Governor; and, in the absence of statistics showing the number of inhabitants of the town at that time, we are led to infer that Foxbor ough had a large representation of soldiers in the war of 1812. Foxborough furnished one man to the Massachusetts regiment in the Mexican war, whose name was Henry Hunnewell ; but, as it is well known, that war was not popular in this region. Time passed and brought us to the Presidential elec tion of 1860, and its immediate consequences, culmi nating in the fall of Fort Sumter. The deadening spirit of compromise and submission, which domi nated in the large commercial cities in the winter of 1860 and 1861, had a palsying effect upon the patri otism of the country ; but, with the outrage to the flag, American manhood flamed forth. Fort Sumter fell on Saturday, April 13, 1861. On Monday, April 15th, Col. A. B. Packard, of Quincy, commanding the Fourth Regiment Massachusetts Militia, received orders to appear at Boston on the following morning with his command. The adjutant, Henry Walker, of FOXBOROUGH. 685 Quincy, sent them at once to the several companies by special messenger, who reached the last company (Company G, of Taunton) in a driving storm of wind and rain, beating up Capt. Gordon at 3 a.m. of the 16th of April. Company F, of the Fourth, was known as the "Warren Light Guard of Foxbor ough." It was organized under the act of Jan. 22, 1776, and in 1861 was said to hold the oldest charter in the State, granted upon petition, all similar having disbanded. In 1854 it was changed from an artillery into a light infantry company. In 1857 its location was changed from Norton to Foxborough. Its name was, of course, in memory of the martyr of Bunker Hill, whose brother, Judge Warren, resided in Fox borough in the house that his lineal descendant, our worthy citizen, Henry G. Warren, now owns and oc cupies. The son of Gen. Warren was buried in the old burying-ground, but his remains were removed some years since. In April, 1861, David L. Shepard was its captain, Moses A. Richardson and Carlos A. Hart its lieuten ants, — all of Foxborough. Alvin E. Hall, of Fox borough, was sergeant-major of the regiment. Capt. Shepard received his orders at nine o'clock P M., and immediately notified officers and men to report at the armory, at the Cocasset House, as early as possible on the following morning. The members of the company were scattered well over the town and out of town, but a large number reported equipped for duty at about ten o'clock. It was a solemn moment of parting. Excitement was intense. " Esquire" Bird, — as lie was known and called by all, and of whom it could be truly said, if it could be said of any man, " an honest man is the noblest work of God," — inspired with patriotic zeal and fervor, made a most feeling and eloquent address to the soldiers who had been called to defend the honor of their country, to which Capt. Shepard fittingly replied in behalf of the company. There were a number of our young men who volunteered to don the uniforms of members of the company, who had families, and to " fall in" and follow the fortunes of the company, and did so. The company were followed by a large num ber of friends and citizens to East Foxborough, where they took the train for Boston, and promptly reported at the State-House. The same readiness was evinced throughout the entire regiment. At Quincy, Adjt. Walker beat the drum for recruits. One man said, "I want to see my wife." "No time for leave- taking," said the adjutant; "fall in." "Do you want an Irishman?" said one. "Do you believe in the old flag ? If you do, fall in." So he fell in, and marched in his shirt-sleeves. The Fourth Regiment was prepared to march on the 16th, but no transportation could be furnished until the 17th, and it was quartered for the night in Faneuil Hall. As it was, it left the State for the seat of war before any other regiment. On Wednesday, the 17th, it left Faneuil Hall at three p.m., and marched to the State-House, where Governor Andrew made one of his most inspiring addresses. He said, " It gives me unspeakable pleasure to witness this array from the good old Colony. You have come from the shores of the sounding sea, where lie the ashes of Pilgrims, and you are bound on a high and noble pilgrimage for liberty, for the Union and Constitution of your coun try. Soldiers of the old Bay State, sons of sires who never disgraced their flag in civil life or on the tented field, I thank you from the bottom of my heart for this noble response to the call of your State and your country. You cannot wait for words. I bid you God-speed and an affectionate farewell." Col. Pack ard modestly responded : " Your Excellency, I am scarcely able to speak. All I can say is, we will en deavor to do our duty." Governor Andrew replied, " I know you will endeavor, and I know, colonel, you will succeed." The Fourth embarked at Fall River on the steamer " State of Maine" the same night, and arrived in New York in the afternoon of the next day. The boat was improperly ballasted, and her captain did not consider her safe to carry troops, so that Col. Packard telegraphed to Governor Andrew for instruc tions. He replied, " If the captain says he can carry your men, go on ; Massachusetts must be first on the grouod." After a short delay, reballasting the steamer, she proceeded to Fortress Monroe, about the safety of which much anxiety was felt, as it was insufficiently garrisoned and dangerously situated. Governor Andrew's order, issued from the office of the Adjutant-General, April 17, 1861, directed "Col. Packard, of the Fourth Regiment, Second Brigade, First Division, Massachusetts Volunteer Militia, to proceed to Fortress Monroe, by steamer to be pro vided, to enter into the service of the United States as United States Militia, and, on being joined by Col. Wardrop's regiment (Third Massachusetts Volunteer Militia), he will take command of them also." The steamer left New York at nightfall, and was about thirty hours on the way. Capt. Shepard was ordered to take charge of the boat. Only two com panies were allowed to remain on deck. The rest were sent below under a guard ; the fear being that, if the men were allowed to rush to and fro, the in adequately-ballasted steamer might capsize. Arriving at Fortress Monroe at an early hour on the morning of Saturday, the 20th, and seeing no flag flying from 686 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. it, " we spent,'' says an officer of the Fourth, " an hour of anxiety lying off and on, doubtful who held the fort. But at length the glorious banner of the stars and stripes was unfurled, and she landed her precious freight. We found some two hundred and fifty regulars, worn out with watching, who heartily welcomed us. The fortress was almost defenseless. We spent the next month in guard and fatigue duty, mounting guns, and storing provisions." The uni forms became so threadbare that the men, many of them, were obliged to wear their overcoats on parade, to cover their new raglan style of pants. As the regiment was the first to leave Massachusetts, it was also the first to reach the actual seat of war, and the first mustered in the service of the United States. It was mustered into the service April 22d. The Third and Fourth Massachusetts saved Fortress Monroe, whose value to the Union cause was beyond all price ; for, had it fallen into the hands of the enemy, no one could estimate the cost in treasure and blood to have regained the same. May 27th the regiment went from the fortress to Newport News, and fortified it. It was at this time, under a commission from the town, that the writer visited Fortress Monroe as bearer of kind messages and remembrances from friends at home, and to provide for the needs and comfort of our soldiers. Reporting to Gen. Butler, who was then in command, I obtained a permit, and accompanied the general and staff to Newport News. The stern realities of war were still in the future, and when we landed, instead of finding the troops forti fying, or watching the enemy, who was said to be near at hand, behind intrenchments, the scene was more like an old-fashioned muster-field, — a regular holiday show. One of our soldiers, and about the first one I saw, had embarked in the butchering busi ness, and was skinning a pig, shot on " Uncle Sam's farm." Another had gone into the horse and mule business, and was ready to swap or trade on most favorable terms, as he had purchased cheap of a contra band, in the absence of his master. Another had made an investment in the ivood and live-feather busi ness, and had borrowed a hand-cart to bring his goods or merchandise to camp, and was quite willing to throw in the meat of the poultry, and wood to cook with, if he could only have the feathers returned in good order for the filling of a bed. I had no occasion to complain of my rations during my visit, which will always be held in pleasant remembrance for the hearty welcome received. I don't know how I should have felt if I had been " armed and equipped as the law directs;" for a musket is a good thing for courage when you don't know who is around ; but I confess I felt rather more secure and at ease within the walls of the fortress. But this is a digression, for which I beg pardon, and will return to our record. Four companies as a battalion, united with some Vermont and New York troops, under Maj. Win throp, participated in the unfortunate affair at Big Bethel, where plenty of pluck was exhibited, but little or no capacity. Company F was not ordered but volunteered to go into the fight, and did go, in stead of Capt. Bumpus' company, of Braintree. It is said that history repeats itself, but history would make a great blunder to repeat the battle of Great Bethel, if we can believe what is recorded of its generalship on our side. The Fourth was the only organization which marched into camp that night in regular order at shoulder arms. The news of this battle created an intense exoite- ment and feeling through the State, as the report first came that the Fourth Massachusetts was " all cut to pieces." July 3d the Fourth, with the Third Massachusetts, were ordered to occupy Hampton, which they partially fortified. July 17th they left Hampton for Fortress Monroe on their way home, having served their time of enlist ment. The regiment was mustered out July 22d at Long Island, Boston Bay. They received high praises for their service from Col. Dimmock, the commandant of the fortress, and from Gen. Butler, who said in a farewell, " You have done your duty well. You have all along been in the advance at Fortress Monroe, at Newport News, at Hampton." I have dwelt with particularity upon its service as a three-months' regiment because of the stirring patri otism, promptness, and magnetic energy with which it was rendered at an awful crisis of our history. On its return to Foxborough, Company F, with full ranks, was warmly received ; an address of welcome was made by E. P. Carpenter. But the service of the Fourth Regiment did not end here. When, in the early summer of 1862, Gen. Banks retreated down the valley of the Shenandoah, Governor An drew called for more troops (May 26th), the Fourth Regiment was again ordered out. Lieut.-Col. Walker, the late adjutant, read the order at Quincy on his way to the railroad station. He drove through the coun try and caused alarm-bells to be rung. In forty-eight hours the regiment had eight hundred men in Boston, But they were not wanted, as the alarm had passed and so they returned home. Tn July, 1862, came the call for two hundred thou sand nine-months' men. Lieut.-Col. Walker at once FOXBOROUGH. 687 tendered the Fourth Regiment, the first offered, and, being accepted, went into camp at Lakeville in Au gust. Company F did not lose its identity as a Fox borough company, though we find but a small num ber of the three-months' men upon the roll-call, as many of them had enlisted in other regiments, and the company was recruited for the most part with new members. They went into camp with C. F. Howard as captain, and Moses A. Richardson, of Foxborough, and Benjamin H. Richmond, of Norton, lieutenants. The company were mustered into ser vice September 23d. Capt. Howard was commis sioned major, and sworn or mustered in as such December 16th, which necessitated the election of another captain. On the election of First Lieut. William R. Black, of Company G, Taunton, as cap tain, Lieut. Moses A. Richardson resigned, and Ben jamin H. Richmond, of Norton, was elected first lieutenant, and Isaac H. Bonney, of Foxborough, second lieutenant. Foxborough is accredited with forty-seven men in this company. Dec. 25, 1862, the regiment left camp for New York, and thence went to New Orleans. It was in the first Port Hudson expedition, when the noble old Farragut ran by in the " Richmond ;" Col. Walker was put in command at Brashear City, whence, May 28, 1863, the regi ment was again ordered to Port Hudson. June 14th, Capt. Bartlett, of Company K, led the storming party, and was killed on the very slope of the enemy's works, gallantly leading. Four officers of the Fourth were in the advance, of whom one was killed and two wounded. The regiment lost every fifth man. Ten Foxborough soldiers in Company F laid down their lives in patriotic devotion to their country. Their names are found enrolled with the " heroic dead" in Memorial Hall, and will be held in grateful remembrance when your name and mine shall be forgotten. The regiment was mustered out Aug. 22, 1863, most of the men having been in ser vice eleven months. Gen. Emory said, " It was one of the best regiments in my whole division. It was well disciplined. It was remarkable for its camp, po lice, and sanitary discipline. I remember signalizing it before the whole division at Baton Rouge, on ac count of its extreme excellence in these respects." If you would learn more of the history of this regi ment, call upon the living witnesses now before you, for their testimony would be the whole history of a Massachusetts regiment, that rendered invaluable service to the country, and gained imperishable laurels for itself. Foxborough men are found enrolled in the Seventh Massachusetts, raised by that distinguished officer, Maj.-Gen. D. N. Couch, at Taunton. It was mus tered into the service June 15, 1861, and mustered out July 5, 1864. Upon its standard will be found a long list of battles in which it was engaged. Of this regiment, on the 5th of May, 1864, the first day of the Wilderness, Col. Briggs, of the Tenth, writes, " Men fell like leaves in autumn : yet the regiment stood firm, never wavered, till, the ammunition being expended, it was promptly relieved by Lieut.-Col. Harlow and the Seventh Massachusetts. Would I could sound a note to his praise, than whom none is more worthy !" Some Foxborough soldiers served in the " Immor tal Sixth Regiment," when called to serve one hun dred days. Eight companies of the Eighteenth Regiment were recruited chiefly in Norfolk, Plymouth, and Bristol Counties. Col. James Barnes, of Springfield, com manded it. It was mustered Aug. 27, 1861. Fox borough had a number of representative soldiers in this regiment, who have a good record, and two of Company I are registered with the " heroic dead." About forty men are credited to Foxborough upon the roster of the Twenty-third Regiment, commanded by Col. Kurtz. Company K was recruited by Capt. Carlos A. Hart, in this town, and was known as the " Foxborough Company." It went into camp with the regiment at Lynnfield, in command of Capt. Hart, with John Littlefield and Benjamin F. Barnard, lieu tenants. The regiment left camp for Annapolis, Nov. 11, 1861, and was mustered out at Readville, July 12, 1865. It went with Gen. Burnside to Roanoke Island. It fought its first battle Feb. 8, 1862, which lasted two days ; twenty-five hundred prisoners were cap tured in the two days' engagements. It was at New- bern, Goldsborough, and in other engagements in North Carolina ; and at Drury's Bluff, Cold Harbor, and the other tenific battles of Grant's campaign of 1864, in Virginia. Col. John W Raymond, the last commander, says of this regiment, " In closing my narrative of the regiment, I cannot refrain from speak- insr a few words in commendation of both men and officers during the time I had the honor to command them. Their excellent conduct while in camp or gar rison, their courage and bravery under fire, their vigi lance and fidelity at all times displayed, entitle them to the highest praise, and have won for them the ap probation of all who have been in command over them. Rest assured that the Twenty-third Regiment, as an organization, never brought discredit upon their native State ; and I shall count it the highest honor of my life that I have been privileged to command it." Such words, coming from Col. Raymond, are com- 688 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. mendations that every soldier of the regiment may well be proud of, and its record needs no further in dorsement to make it equal to the best. One Foxborough soldier perished in Company A of the Twenty-fourth Regiment, in which a number enlisted, which fought from Roanoke Island to Peters burg. It was not mustered out of service until Jan. 20, 1866. On the 27th, Governor Bullock received its colors and said, " I welcome you home. But all have not returned. Eight officers of the line and two hundred and ten enlisted men have fallen in battle and by the casualties of war. It only remains that I should now transfer your colors to the great compan ionship in which they shall henceforth be preserved, and that, in behalf of a grateful people, I should greet and honor your return." We had representatives in the Fifty-sixth Infantry, which left Massachusetts March 21, 1863, which em blazons heroic service upon its flag at Spottsylvania, North Anna, Cold Harbor, Petersburg, the Weldon Railroad, and the pursuit of Lee. One of our honored dead was of the First Massa chusetts Heavy Artillery, previously Fourteenth In fantry, which, after guarding the forts about Wash ington for two years, went into the field in 1864, and fought from Spottsylvania to Hatcher's Run. Fox borough men fought also in the Ninth, Seventeenth, Twentieth, Twenty-sixth, Twenty-eighth, Twenty- ninth, Thirtieth, Thirty-second, Thirty-third, Thirty- fifth, Thirty-eighth, Fortieth, Forty- seventh, Fifty- third, Fifty-fourth, and Fifty-eighth Regiments of Massachusetts ; in her First, Second, Third, and Fourth Cavalry; in the Third, Twelfth, Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Sixteenth Massachusetts Batteries ; in the First Heavy Artillery, in the Eighteenth and Twentieth Unattached, in the First Rhode Island Artillery and Seventh Rhode Island Infantry, and we had representatives in the regular army, navy, and Veteran Reserve Corps. Having made up " Our Soldiers' Record," which must necessarily be imperfect in some respects for want of proper time to obtain the required data, we will now refer to the patriotism of the town, as shown by the acts of its citizens. Almost immediately upon dismissing their fellow- citizens of Company F, Fourth Regiment, to the field of war, the citizens of Foxborough began to consider their duty as patriots in a larger way. At a town-meeting held May 4, 1861, it was voted that the treasurer shall borrow ten thousand dollars for a war fund, to be paid in five equal annual install ments, commencing Oct. 5, 1862. E. P. Carpenter, W. P. Shepard, Otis Cary, J. E. Carpenter, and Eiisha White were constituted a committee to pur. chase clothing and supplies for volunteers, and to meet the various wants of their families. It was also voted to appropriate three thousand dollars to procure rifles for the members of the rifle company, and E. P. Carpenter was designated as agent to obtain them. The government refused to accept this company and it was disbanded. June 15th it was voted to pay aid to the families of soldiers, in accordance with Chapter 222 of the laws of 1861. E. P. Carpenter, as chairman of the Relief Committee, made a report of his visit to Com pany F, at Fortress Monroe, Va. July 22, 1862, one hundred dollars was voted as a bounty to twenty-four persons, who might volunteer under the recent call of President Lincoln, and the bounty was afterwards raised to one hundred and twenty-five dollars. August 14th the town passed the following vote: " Whereas, The town of Foxborough is desirous of standing shoulder to shoulder with their fellow-citizens of other towns in filling up the second quota of three hundred thousand men ordered by the President of the United States to be drafted for service on or about the 1st of September next; and, whereas, the citizens believe that our old Commonwealth will fill said quota by volunteers without a draft becoming necessary; and, whereas, time is of importance, and the towns are not fully aware of the sum the exigencies of the occasion will require, but have full confidence in the patriotism and judgment of the selectmen ; therefore, Resolved, That the selectmen proceed to take such measures as they may deem. wise and expedient to enlist such numbers of men as may be required from this town by said draft ; and the town pledges to them that such sums of money shall be voted to them hereafter as may be necessary to carry out this vote." September 20th a vote was passed approving of the selectmen's offer of a bounty of one hundred and fifty dollars for nine-months' men. It was voted also to pay one hundred and fifty dollars to each inhabitant of the town of Foxborough enlisting in Company F of the Fourth Militia Regiment for nine months' ser vice, and to as many others as might be needed to fill the quota. There were two negative votes. The treas urer was authorized to borrow for the purpose a sum not exceeding ten thousand dollars ; it was also voted to extend the same aid to the families of drafted men as to volunteers. March 26, 1864, it was voted to reimburse three thousand nine hundred dollars furnished by individuals to procure the town's quota of volunteers under the calls of Oct. 17, 1863, and Feb. 1, 1864. There was one vote in the negative. June 18, 1864, it was voted that the treasurer have authority to borrow two thousand eight hundred and FOXBOROUGH. 689 seventy-five dollars to pay expenses incurred in filling the town's quota under the call of March 14, 1864. Aug. 1, 1864, it was voted to raise a sum not ex ceeding one hundred and twenty-five dollars per man to fill the quota under the call of July 18, 1864, for five hundred thousand men. March 11, 1865, it was voted to appropriate a sum not exceeding three hun dred dollars to make up a deficiency in paying one hundred and twenty-five dollars each per man to fill the quota under the call of Dec. 1, 1864, for three hundred thousand men. Let us not, in this retrospect, forget the labors and untiring sympathy of the women of Foxborough. In the war archives of the commonwealth is a letter dated April 19, 1861, — the very day when the streets of Baltimore drank the patriotic blood of Massachu setts, — addressed to Governor Andrew by Miss Fran ces Wight (now Mrs. Coggswell), of Foxborough, signed by one hundred young ladies of this place, offering their services as nurses, or to make sol diers' garments, to prepare bandages and lint, to do anything for the cause in their power to do. Gov ernor Andrew, replying, writes, "I accept it as one of the most earnest and sincere of the countless offers of devotion to our old commonwealth and to the cause of the country." He concludes by asking them to "help those who are left behind, and follow those who have gone before with your benedictions, your benefac tions, and your prayers.' ' The good work inaugurated by gentle and enthusiastic maidens was, with unabated zeal, carried forward by all our women to the end of the great war for the Union. In this connection we must not forget to mention those young ladies who went out from our midst to teach the freedmen, for they had battles to fight, which, if it did not cost them their lives, required sacrifices that proved both their patriotism and philanthropy. In an address of this character it were nigh impos sible to mention all who were meritorious ; but I cannot forbear alluding to those most worthy and pa triotic citizens, and faithful and true friends of the soldier, — William H. Thomas, Ezra Carpenter, Rich ard Carpenter, Edmund Carroll, and Robert Kerr, — who have gone from- among us ; and, as we hallow the graves of our dead heroes, and erect monuments to their memories, let us not forget their faithful com rades in civil life who did valiant service for the cause for which they laid down their lives. In summing up "our record," I find that 55 men were furnished in 1861 for three years ; 24 for three years, and 45 for nine months, in 1862 ; in 1863-64, 60 for three years, and 23 for one year, including officers and men; the whole number furnished was 276, being a 44 surplus of 13 over the quota. The whole number of different men was 178, equivalent to 100 men each day of the war. Of these, there were 2 majors, 4 captains, 11 lieutenants, 13 sergeants, and 11 corpo rals, making 41 commissioned and non-commissioned officers, and 137 privates ; 21 of this number died in battle or of disease. The amount expended by the town for bounties and enlistment expenses was $21,742.48. The amount of private subscriptions for bounties to volunteers was $7008.33 ; $1001.13 were spent for clothing and supplies for the soldiers, being for Company F at Fortress Monroe. Large contributions of clothing and supplies were sent through the Foxborough Relief Association and the Sanitary and Christian Commissions. Money con tributions in this behalf may be estimated at $500. The material interests of Foxborough declined slightly during the war. In 1860 our population was 2879 ; in 1865 it was 2769. In 1860 our valuation was $1,287,735; in 1865, $1,284,524. Never shall we forget the morning when the glori ous news came that Gen. Lee's army had surrendered. It was a day of great rejoicing. The bells were rung, the glorious stars and stripes were flung to the breeze, and saluted with cheers and tears, for men and women cried for joy, and thanked God for these glad tidings, that foretold peace and the return of those that had led us to victory. A procession was formed, and marched with stirring music through the principal streets and to the town hall, which was filled. Prayer, earnest and fervent, was offered by Deacon Hewins, and some speaking was "in order;" but there are times when there is more eloquence in silence than in the best of oratory, and this seemed to be the time and occasion. The war over, the town, in common with almost all its sister communities, began to consider its duty towards a fitting commemoration of the valor of its deceased soldiers, who went forth from it and fell in the service of their country. March 10, 1866, it was voted to refer the article in the warrant, in reference to a monument of the deceased soldiers, to a commit tee consisting of five, — E. P. Carpenter, William Carpenter, Otis Cary, William H. Thomas, and George T. Ryder, — who made an extended report, March 6, 1867, which was ordered to be printed. The com mittee recommended the building of a Memorial Hall as the most fitting monument to the valor and patriotism of the dead, whilst it would be at the same time emi nently useful to the living. March 16, 1867, it was voted that the committee be instructed to procure plans and estimates in accordance with this report; also a plan for a monument, with estimates for cost of each, and to report on the same. There is, however, 690 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. no question that the original report (to be found on the town records) substantially settled the question, and secured the building of the useful and substan- stial structure that adorns our village, — the Memorial Hall. It was erected in 1868, at an expense of some thirteen thousand dollars, including town appropria tions and subscriptions, or gifts made by individuals. It was dedicated on Friday, the 17th of June, with impressive ceremonies. Hon. George B. Loring was the orator of the day, and made a most appropriate and eloquent address. ROLL-CALL OF FOXBOROUGH'S SOLDIERS, 1861 TO 1865. Fourth Regiment, Company F. (Three months.) David L. Shepard, capt., must. April 22, 1861; July 22, 1861, ex. of service. Moses A. Richardson, 1st lieut., must. April 22, 1861 ; July 22, 1861, ex. of service. Carlos A. Hart, 2d lieut., must. April 22, 1861; July 22, 1861, ex. of service. Wm. H. Torrey, sergt., must. April 22, 1861; July 22, 1861, ex. of service. John F. Shepard, sergt., must. April 22, 1861; July 22, 1861, ex. of service. John M. Welch, sergt., must. April 22, 1861 ; July 22, 1861, ex. of service. Edward E. Bird, sergt., must. April 22, 1861; July 22, 1861, ex. of service. Samuel D. Robinson, Corp., must. April 22, 1861; July 22, 1861, ex. of service. Lewis L. Bullard, Corp., must. April 22, 1861; July 22, 1861, ex. of service. Frank 0. Pierce, Corp., must. April 22, 1861; July 22, 1861, ex. of service. Lucius W. Allen, must. May 22, 1861 ; July 22, 1861, ex. of service. Charles D. Bacon, must. May 6, 1861; July 22, 1861, ex. of service. James S. Bemis, must. April 22, 1861 ; July 22, 1861, ex. of service. Isaac H. Bonney, must. April 22, 1861; July 22, 1861, ex. of service. Samuel N. Bryant, must. April 22, 1861 ; July 22, 1861, ex. of service. Hiram F. Buck, must. April 22, 1861 ; July 22, 1861, ex. of service. James Carpenter, must. April 22, 1861; July 22, 1861, ex. of service. Gabriel P. Chamberlain, must. April 22, 1861 ; July 22, 1861, ex. of service. George H. Claflin, must. April 22, 1861; July 22, 1S61, ex. of service. Henry A. Fales, must. April 22, 1861; July 22, 1861, ex. of service. William H. Fales, must. April 22, 1861; July 22, 1861, ex. of service. George M. Fillebrown, must. April 22, 1861 ; July 22, 1861, ex. of service. Albert E. Forrest, must. April 22, 1861; July 22, 1861, ex. of service. Edward M. Freeman, must. April 22, 1861; July 22, 1861, ex. of service. Alonzo W. Fuller, must. May 22, 1861 ; July 22, 1861, ex. of service. Joseph Gotleib, must. April 22, 1861; July 22, 1861, ex. of service. Moses L. Green, must. April 22, 1861; July 22, 1861, ex. of service. Ephraim 0. Grover, must. April 22, 1861; July 22, 1861, ex. of service. Pascal C. Grover, must. April 22, 1861 ; July 22, 1861, ex. of service. David T. Hartshorn, must. May 6, 1861 ; July 22, 1861, ex. of service. Edwin P. Jewett, must. April 22, 1861 ; July 22, 1861, ex. of service. Joseph H. Joplin, must. April 22, 1861 ; July 22, 1861, ex. of service. William H. Lyons, must. May 22, 1861 ; July 22, 1861, ex. of service. Ransom Matthews, must. May 22, 1861 ; July 22, 1861, ex. of service. William A. Morse, must. April 22, 1861 ; July 22, 1861, ex. of service. William H. Pierce, must. April 22, 1861; July 22, 1861, ex. of service. Charles H. Pond, must. April 22, 1861; July 22, 1861, ex. of service. James L. Sherman, must. April 22, 1861 ; July 22, 1861, ex. of service. William H. Sweet, must. May 6, 1861; July 22, 1861, ex. of service. Charles A. Thompson, must. April 22, 1861 ; July 22, 1861, ex. of service. Willard W. Turner, must. April 22, 1861 ; July 22, 1861, ex. of service. James White, must. May 22, 1861; July 22, 1861, ex. of ser vice. Nelson S. White, must. May 22, 1861 ; July 22, 1861, ex. of service. Rufus S. White, must. May 22, 1S61 ; July 22, 1S61, ex. of service. Liscomb C. Winn, must. May 22, 1861 ; July 22, 1861, ex. of service. James A. Wyer, must. May 22, 1861; July 22, 1861, ex. of service. Third Battalion, Company D. (Three months.) George Draper, must. May 19, 1861; July 23, 1861, discharged. Fourth Regiment. (Nine months.) Charles F. Howard, maj., must. Dec. 16, 1862; Aug. 28, 1863, ex. of service. Company F. ( Nine months.) Charles F. Howard, capt., must. Sept. 23, 1862 ; Dec. 6, 1862, maj. Moses A. Richardson, 1st lieut., must. Sept. 23, 1862 ; Sept. 23, 1862, resigned. Isaac II. Bonney, 2d lieut., must. Dec. 27, 1862; Aug. 23, 1863, died at Indianapolis. Joseph H. Joplin, 1st sergt., must. Sept. 23, 1862 ; July 14, 1863, died on railroad. Liscomb C. Winn, sergt., must. Sept. 23, 1862 ; Aug. 28, 1863, ex. of service. Gabriel P. Chamberlain, sergt., must. Sept. 23, 1862; May 31, 1863, died at Brashear City. Ephraim 0. Grover, corp., must. Sept. 23, 1862 ; Aug. 28, 1863, ex. of service. FOXBOROUGH. 691 Pascal C. Grover, Corp., must. Sept. 23, 1862; Aug. 28, 1863, ex. of service. Charles B.Winn, corp., must. Sept. 23, 1862; Aug. 28, 1863, ex. of service.' Charles T. Sumner, corp., must. Sept. 23, 1862 ; Aug. 28, 1863, ex. of service. George H. Grover, musician, must. Sept. 23, 1862; Aug. 28, 1863, ex. of service. William M. Adams, musician, must. Sept. 23, 1862; March 6, 1863, died at Carrollton, La. Joseph H. Alden, must. Sept. 23, 1862 ; Aug. 28, 1863, ex. of service. Warren B. Alden, must. Sept. 23, 1862; Dec. 8, 1862, dis charged. Lewis W. Belcher, must. Sept. 23, 1862; Aug. 28, 1863, ex. of service. Isaac H. Bonney, must. Sept. 23, 1862; Dec. 27, 1862, 2d lieut. Charles L. Boyden, must. Oct. 15, 1862 ; July 15, 1863, died at New Orleans. Edwin J. Carroll, must. Sept. 23, 1862 ; Aug. 28, 1863, ex. of service. James S. Carver, must. Sept. 23, 1862; Aug. 28, 1863, ex. of service. George H. Copliston, must. Sept. 26, 1862; Aug. 28, 1863, ex. of service. William Day, must. Sept. 23, 1862; June 10, 1863, died at Brashear City. Joseph H. Dow, must. Sept. 23, 1862 ; Aug. 28, 1863, ex. of service. Edwin Dunbar, must. Sept. 23, 1862; Aug. 28, 1863, ex. of service. Anson Fisher, must. Sept. 23, 1862; Aug. 28, 1863, ex. of service. E. Irving Fisher, must. Sept. 23, 1862 ; Aug. 28, 1863, ex. of service. George H. Fisher, must. Oct. 26, 1862; Aug. 28, 1863, ex. of service. Handel P. Fisher, must. Sept. 23, 1862; Aug. 28, 1863, ex. of service. Edward M. Freeman, must. Sept. 23, 1862 ; Aug. 28, 1863, ex. of service. George A. Mann, must. Sept. 23, 1862; Aug. 28, 1863, ex. of service. Cyrus B. Morse, must. Sept. 23, 1862 ; Aug. 28, 1863, ex. of service. Elbridge F. Morse, must. Sept. 23, 1862 ; May 26, 1863, died at New Orleans. Jarius J. Morse, must. Sept. 23, 1862; Aug. 28, 1863, ex. of service. William A. Morse, must. Sept. 23, 1862; Aug. 28, 1863, ex. of service. Joseph Myers, must. Sept. 23, 1862 ; July 20, 1863, died at New Orleans. Charles A. Pettee, must. Sept. 23, 1862; Aug. 28, 1863, ex. of service. Charles D. Smith, must. Sept. 23, 1862; Aug. 28, 1863, ex. of service. Leonard Smith, must. Sept. 23, 1862; Aug. 28, 1863, ex. of service. Payson F. Smith, must. Sept. 23, 1862; Aug. 28, 1863, ex. of service. William A. Stevens, must. Sept. 23, 1862; Aug. 28, 1863, ex. of service. Henry C. Sumner, must. Sept. 23, 1862; Aug. 13, 1863, died on railroad. David A. Swift, must. Sept. 23, 1862; Aug. 28, 1863, ex. of service. Charles A. Thompson, must. Oct. 15, 1862; Aug. 28, 1863, ex. of service. George S. Thompson, must. Sept. 23, 1862; Aug. 28, 1863, ex. of service. John Ware, must. Sept. 23, 1862 ; Aug. 28, 1863, ex. of ser vice. Preston B. Whittemore, must. Sept. 23, 1862; Aug. 28, 1863, ex. of service. James Wight, must. Sept. 23, 1862; Aug. 28, 1863, ex. of ser vice. Ansel L. AVillis, must. Sept. 23, 1862; Aug. 28, 1863, ex. of service. Sixth Regiment, Company B. (One hundred days.) Thomas S. Brigham, must. July 17, 1864; Oct. 27, 1864, ex. of service. Timothy Brennan, must. July 17, 1864; Oct. 27, 1864, ex. of service. Curtis S. Childs, must. July 17, 1864; Oct. 27, 1864, ex. of ser vice. Lewis E. Comey, must. July 17, 1864 ; Oct. 27, 1864, ex. of ser vice. Seth N. Kingsbury, must. July 17, 1864; Oct. 27, 1864, ex. of service. William T. Wright, must. July 17, 1864; Oct. 27, 1864, ex. of service. Company K. (One hundred days.) Gardner A. Carpenter, must. July 14, 1864 ; Oct. 27, 1864, ex. of service. Benjamin L. Dixon, must. July 14, 1864; Oot. 27, 1864, ex. of service. John J. Dixon, must. July 14, 1864; Oct. 27, 1864, ex. of ser vice. Seventh Regiment, Company H.1 Richard H. King, must. June 15, 1861 ; Nov. 12, 1861, dis charged. Stillman F. Morse, must. June 15, 1861; March 10, 1863, died. James Prime, must. June 15, 1861 ; Dec. 3, 1862, discharged. Company I. Louis Heckman, must. June 15, 1861 ; June 27, 1864, ex. of service. Ninth Regiment, Company B. Charles Lyons, must. June 11, 1861 ; Oct. 16, 1862, discharged. Seventeenth Regiment, Company H. John R. Nelson, sergt., must. Dee. 25, 1863 ; July 11, 1865, ex. of service. Eighteenth Regiment, Company H. Alvin E. Hall, 1st lieut., must. Aug. 20, 1861 ; July 9, 1862, re signed. Chris. T. Hanly, 1st lieut., must. May 5, 1863 ; Nov. 10, 1863, discharged. Chris. T. Hanly, 2d lieut., must. Dec. 25, 1862 ; May 5, 1863, lieut. Band. Albert E. Forrest, must. Aug. 24, 1861; Aug. 11, 1862, order War Department. 1 Term of service of all regiments and batteries not otherwise designated was three years. 692 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. Company I. Christopher T. Hanly, must. Aug. 24, 1861; Dec. 25, 1862, 2d 1st lieut. George H. Claflin, Corp., must. Jan. 2, 1864; Oct. 21, 1864, to 32d Inf. Wm. C. Grover, musician, must. Aug. 24, 1861; Dec. 30, 1862, discharged. James S. Bemis, must. Aug. 24, 1861 ; Feb. 8, 1863, discharged. George H. Claflin, must. Aug. 24, 1861 ; Jan. 1, 1864, re-en listed. Amos L. Fuller, must. Aug. 24, 1861; Dec. 21, 1862, dis charged. Nathan M. Grover, must. Aug. 24, 1861; Jan. 4, 1863, dis charged. Moses E. Harding, must. Aug. 24, 1861; Oct. 2, 1862, dis charged. Leander G. Thompson, must. Aug. 24, 1861 ; Nov. 29, 1862, discharged. Ezekiel J. Tolman, must. Aug. 24, 1861 ; Nov. 22, 1861, died. Twentieth Regiment, Company D. James Donahue, must. Aug. 9, 1862; Dec. 11, 1862, killed at Fredericksburg. Patrick Slattely, must. Aug. 9, 1 862 ; Jan. 15, 1863, discharged. Company E. David Caine, must. July 22, 1861; Oct. 23, 1861, died of wounds. Donald McGilvery, must. Aug. 9,1862; Sept. 17, 1862, dis charged. Company I. Owen Murphy, must. Aug. 9, 1862 ; Aug. 1, 1864, ex. of ser vice. Timothy Clifford, must. Feb. 26, 1864 ; Feb. 28, 1864, rejected. John Lynch, must. Aug. 9, 1862. George Proctor, must. March 3, 1864; March 5, 1864, rejected. Twenty-third Regiment, Company K. Carlos A. Hart, capt., must. Oct. 11, 1861; Oct. 13, 1864, ex. of service. John Littlefield, 1st lieut., must. Oct. 11, 1861 ; May 4, 1S62, resigned. , James L. Sherman, 1st lieut., must. May 3, 1863; Oct. 13, 1864, ex. of service. Joshua B. Bowman, 1st lieut., must. Oct. 14, 1864; June 25, 1865, ex. of service. Edward E. Bird, 2d lieut., must. Nov. 3, 1862 ; May 23, 1864, resigned. James L. Sherman, 2d lieut., must. Nov. 18, 1862; May 3, 1863, 1st lieut. Edward E. Bird, 1st sergt., must. Sept. 28, 1861; Nov. 2, 1863, 2d lieut. Lewis L. Bullard, 1st sergt., must. Sept. 28, 1861 ; Sept. 30, 1862, discharged. James A. Carpenter, 1st sergt., must. Dec. 3, 1863; June 25, 1865, ex. of service. Thomas G. Pierce, sergt., must. Sept. 28, 1861; Aug. 1, 1862, discharged. William H. Pierce, sergt., must. Sept. 28, 1861; July 10, 1863, discharged. Charles W. Stearns, sergt., must. Sept. 28, 1861 ; Oct. 13, 1S64, ex. of service. James A. Carpenter, Corp., must. Sept. 28, 1861 ; Dec. 2, 1863, to re-enlist. Otis H. Horton, Corp., must. Sept. 28, 1861; March 26, 1863, discharged. James L. Sherman, Corp., must. Sept. 28, 1861; Aug. 20, 1862 sergt. -maj. Hiram D. Skinner, corp., must. Sept. 28, 1861 ; Oct. 13, 1864 ex. of service. Benj. P. Slater, Corp., must. Sept. 28, 1861; March 14, 1862 discharged. Patrick Hanabury, wagoner, must. March 29, 1864 ; June 25 1865, ex. of service. Ezekiel Ames, must. Sept. 28, 1861 ; July 11, 1862, dis charged. Benjamin F. Belcher, must. Sept. 28, 1861 ; Dec. 2, 1863, to re-enlist. Benjamin F. Belcher, must. Dec. 3, 1863; June 25, 1865, ex. of service. Levi Bennett, must. Sept. 28, 1*861; Dec. 2, 1863, to re-enlist. Levi Bennett, must. Dec. 3, 1S63; June 25, 1865, ex. of ser vice. Joseph Brigham, must. Sept. 28, 1861; June 25, 1862, dis charged. Hiram S. Buck, must. Sept. 28, 1861; Sept. 11, 1862, dis- Thomas Carpenter, must. Sept. 28, 1861 ; Oct. 13, 1864, ex. of service. Samuel C. Chestnut, must. Oct. 27, 1861; Feb. 21, 1863, dis charged. William H. Fales, must. Sept. 28, 1861; March 26, 1863, dis charged. David Flahaven, must. Sept. 28, 1861 ; Dec. 2, 1863, to re- enlist. David Flahaven, must. Dee. 3, 1863; June 25, 1865, ex. of service. Joseph Gay, must. Aug. 25, 1864 ; June 25, 1865, ex. of service. Patrick Hanabury, must, Sept. 28, 1861 ; March 28,^1864, to re-enlist. William D. Higgins, must. Sept. 28, 1861; Oct. 13, 1864, ex. of service. Allen P. Lake, must. Oct. 30, 1861 ; Oct. 13, 1864, ex. of service. John Mahoney, must. Sept. 28, 1861; Oct. 13, 1864, ex. of ser vice. Oliver Prime, must. Sept. 28, 1861 ; March 13, 1863, discharged. Edward Bichardson, must. Sept. 28, 1861 ; Oct. 13, 1864, ex. of service. Hiram A. Snow, must. Dec. 3, 1863 ; May 16, 1864, missing. Franklin E. Taylor, must. Sept. 28, 1861 ; Feb. 16, 1863, dis charged. Joshua Taylor, must. Sept. 28, 1861 ; Oct. 13, 1 864, ex. of ser vice. Charles A. Whipple, must. Oct. 12, 1861; May 5, 1862, died at Newburn. George W. Williams, Jr., must. Sept. 28, 1861; June 21, 1862, discharged. Micajah B. Alley, must. Aug. 25, 1864; Oct. 27, 1864, rejected. Twenty-fourth Regiment, Company A. John M. Welch, sergt., must. Sept. 4, 1861 ; March 26, 1863, discharged. Henry J. Barrows, must. Aug. 13, 1862; Oct. 16, 1862, died at Newburn. Wm. R. Goldsmith, must. Aug. 13, 1862 ; Deo. 4, 1864, ex. of service. Patrick Roche, must. Sept. 27, 1861 ; March 12, 1864, Vet. Res. Corps. David Scott, must. Aug. 13, 1862; Dec. 4, 1864, ex. of service. John H. Sumner, must. Aug. 13, 1862 ; Dec. 4, 1864, ex. of service. Wm. H. Torrey, must. Nov. 30, 1861; June 8, 1863, 1st lieut. FOXBOROUGH. 693 Company G. Joseph Jewett, must. Sept. 5, 1861 ; Sept. 5, 1864, to re-enlist. Company I. George F. Wallace, corp., must. Jan. 2, 1864; Jan. 20, 1866, ex. of service. Twenty-sixth Regiment. Isaac Smith, Jr., ass't surg., must. Dec. 2, 1862 ; Nov. 7, 1864, ex. of service. Twenty-eighth Regiment, Company D. Andrew K. Grady, wagoner, must. Dec. 13, 1861; Dec. 19, 1864, ex. of service. Company G. Peter Leighton, must. March 29, 1864 ; Aug. 16, 1864, missing. Joseph Murray, must. March 17, 1864; Sept. 13, 1864, dis charged. Twenty-ninth Regiment, Company F. Joseph Boyden, 1st sergt., must. Jan. 2, 1864; July 29, 1865, ex. of service. Joseph Boyden, must. Dec. 31, 1861; Jan. 1, 1864, to re-en list. Company G. Henry B. Titus, sergt., must. Jan. 2, 1864; June 28, 1865, discharged. Thirtieth Regiment, Company E. Theodore R. Skinner, musician, must. Nov. 5, 1861 ; Feb. 12, 1864, to re-enlist. Thirty-second Regiment, Company D. George H. Claflin, corp., must. Jan. 4, 1864; June 29, 1865, ex. of service. Thirty-third Regiment, Company C. Alfred L. Morse, must. Aug. 6, 1862 ; May 27, 1865, order War Department. Ira C. Sayles, must. Aug. 6, 1862; Aug. 13, 1862. Thirty-fifth Regiment, Company C. Alonzo W. Fuller, must. Aug. 19, 1862; Feb. 28, 1863, dis charged. Thirty-eighth Regiment, Company I. James Nelson, must. Aug. 21, 1862; June 30, 1865, ex. of service. William Rich, must. Aug. 24, 1862; June 30, 1865, ex. of ser vice. Fortieth Regiment, Company F. Edmond Burke, must. Sept. 3, 1862 ; March 15, 1863, Vet. Res. Corps. Forty-seventh Regiment, Company G. (Nine months.) Bernard E. Backer, 2d lieut., must. Feb. 2, 1863 ; Sept. 1, 1863, ex. of service. Bernard E. Backer, sergt., must. Sept. 23, 1863; Feb. 2, 1864, 2d lieut. Fifty-fourth Regiment, Company F. Henry James, must. Dec. 18, 1863 ; Aug. 20, 1865, ex. of ser- vioe. Fifty-fifth Regiment, Company F. Wm. H. Torrey, capt., must. Feb. 7, 1864 ; July 7, 1S65, re signed. Wm. H. Torrey, 1st lieut., must. June 19, 1863 ; Feb. 7, 1864, captain. Wm. H. Torrey, 2d lieut., must. June 17, 1863 ; June 19, 1863, 1st lieut. Fifty-sixth Regiment. Fred. D. Forrest, capt., must. Dec. 4, 1863, commission revoked. Company C. George Eaton, must. March 10, 1864; June 19, 1865, order War Department. Company D. Jeremiah E. Earle, sergt., must. Dec. 29, 1863; July 12, 1865, ex. of service. Leander Clapp, Corp., must. Dec. 29, 1863 ; May 6, 1864, killed, Wilderness, Va. Patrick M. Driscoll, must. Dec. 29, 1863; January, 1864. Daniel Mahoney, must. Dec. 29, 1863; Feb. 23, 1864, died. Company E. Otis Dean, must. Jan. 12, 1864; June 15, 1865, order Gen. Park. Comfort 0.. Fisher, must. Jan. 12, 1864 ; Dec. 30, 1864, order Gen. Auger. Edward E. Place, must. Jan. 12, 1864; June 30, 1865, order War Department. Company F. George E. Bird, must. Jan. 12, 1864; July 14, 1865, order War Department. Eliphalet S. Wilson, must. Jan. 12, 1864; July 12, 1865, order War Department. Company K. Edwin P. Jewett, 1st sergt., must. Feb. 25, 1864; Sept. 1, 1864, promotion. Liscomb C.Winn, 1st sergt., must. Feb. 25,1864; July 12, 1865, ex. of service. Fifty-eighth Regiment, Company G. Joseph Merritt, must. March 26, 1864; Oct. 1, 1864. Eighteenth Unattached Company. (One year.) Wm. F. Boyd, sergt., must. Dee. 7, 1864; May 12, 1865, ex. of service. Ethan A. Cobb, sergt., must. Dec. 7, 1864; April 11, 1865, 2d lieut. George A. Brock, must. Dec. 6, 1864; May 12, 1865, ex. of service. Herbert E. Cobb, must. Dec. 6, 1864; May 12, 1865, ex. of ser vice. Willis S. Cook, must. Dec. 6, 1S64; May 12, 1865, ex. of ser vice. Samuel H. Gooch, must. Dec. 6, 1864; May 12, 1865, ex. of service. Cephas P. Grover, must. Dec. 7, 1864; May 12, 1865, ex. of service. Lewis F.Holmes, must. Dec. 7, 1864; May 12, 1S65, ex. of service. Theodore H. Hunniwell, must. Dec. 7, 1864 ; May 12, 1865, ex. of service. Thomas J. Kennedy, must. Dee. 6, 1864; May 12, 1865, ex. of service. Zeri B. Martis, must. Dec. 6, 1864; May 12, 1S65, ex. of ser vice. Cyrus B. Morse, must. Dec. 6, 1864; May 12, 1865, ex. of ser vice. Stillman F. Willis, must. Dec. 7, 1864; May 12, 1865, ex. of service. 694 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. Twentieth Unattached Company. ( One hundred days.) Jarius J. Morse, corp., must. Aug. 11, 1864; Nov. 18, 1864, ex. of service. E. Irving Fisher, must. Aug. 11, 1864; Nov. 18, 1864, ex. of service. Edward Matthews, must. Aug. 11, 1864; Nov. 18, 1864, ex. of service. William A. Morse, must. Aug. 11, 1864; Nov. 18, 1864, ex. of service. Twenty-ninth Unattached Heavy Artillery. E. P. Jewett, must. Sept. 1, 1864; June, 1865, close of war. Twelfth Battery. Andrew W. Martin, corp., must. March 29, 1864; July 25, 1865, ex. of service. Thirteenth Battery. Patrick Curtin, corp., must., Jan. 27, 1863 ; July 28, 1865, ex. of service. Michael A. McCostello, must. March 30, 1864; July 28, 1865, ex. of service. Fourteenth Battery. Williams Leonard, artificer, must. Feb. 27, 1864; June 15, 1865, ex. of service. George Leonard, must. Feb. 27, 1864; June 15, 1865, ex. of service. Sixteenth Battery. Wm. Hilliard, must. July 28, 1864; Aug. 1, 1864. Martin Shea, must. March 11, 1864; June 27, 1865, ex. of ser vice. John Smith, must. July 28, 1864; Aug. 1, 1864. First Cavalry. George M. Fillebrown, 2d lieut., must. Oct. 30, 1862; May 12, 1863, 1st lieut. George M. Fillebrown, 1st lieut., must. May 12, 1863; Jan. 25, 1864. Company B. George M. Fillebrown, com.-sergt., must. Sept. 17, 1861 ; Oct. 30, 1862, 2d lieut. Herbert F. Dean, must. Sept. 14, 1861 ; April 4, 1864, promo tion. George M. Washburn, must. Sept. 17, 1861; Nov. 17, 1864, ex. of service. Company K. Allen F. Belcher, 1st sergt., must. Sept. 23, 1861 ; trans, to Co. K, 4th Cav. Horace E. Dupee, com.-sergt., must. Sept. 25, 1861; trans, to Co. K, 4th Cav. Charles D. Bacon, sergt., must. Dec. 4, 1861; trans, to Co. K, 4th Cav. Newton W. Bacon, must. Oct. 19, 1861; trans, to Co. K, 4th Cav. Charles H. Pond, must. Sept. 19, 1861 ; trans, to Co. K, 4th Cav. Second Cavalry, Company D. George H. Sanford, must. Feb. 26, 1864; July 20, 1865, ex. of service. Company F. Lawrence Dwyer, must. March 15, 1864; July 20, 1865, ex. of service. Third Cavalry, Company B. Patrick Kelcher, must. Feb. 27, 1864; Dec. 15, 1865. Fourth Cavalry. Allen F. Belcher, 1st lieut., must. Feb. 1, 1865; Feb. 20, 186; res. brevet capt. ; Allen F. Belcher, 2d lieut., must. July 27, 1864; Feb. 1, 186f 1st lieut. Allen F. Belcher, com.-sergt., must. Jan. 1, 1864; July 27 1864, 2d lieut. Company K. Allen F. Belcher, 1st sergt., must. Sept. 23, 1861; Dec. 31 1863, to re-enlist. Allen F. Belcher, 1st sergt., must. Jan. 1, 1864; June 6, 1864 com.-sergt. Horace E. Dupee, com.-sergt., must. April 21, 1864; Nov. 14 1865, ex. of service. Charles D. Bacon, sergt., must. Dee. i, 1861 ; Dec. 3, 1864, ex, of service. Horace E. Dupee, sergt., must. Sept. 25, 1861 ; April 20, 1864, to re-enlist. Newton W. Bacon, must. Oct. 19, 1861; Oct. 16, 1864, ex. of service. Charles H. Pond, must. Sept. 19, 1861; Sept. 24, 1864, ex. of service. Company L. Richard H. King, blacksmith, must. Feb. 18, 1864; Nov. 14, 1864, ex. of service. Veteran Reserve Corps. James R. Albion, must. Aug. 8, 1864. Myrom Ames, must. Aug. 15, 1864; Nov. 14, 1865, order of War Dept. Edward H. Bowker, must. Aug. \9, 1864. John Devlin, must. April 14, 1864. Francis J. Flanagan, must. April 15, 1864. William Greenlough, must. April 15, 1864i David Haugh, must. April 14, 1864. Dwight N. Hill, must. Aug. 29, 1864. Benj. F. Jones, must. Jan. 10, 1865; Nov. 16, 1865, order of War Dept. Samuel Keller, must. April 14, 1864. John Kirchen, must. April 14, 1864. August Kinttle, must. May 11, 1864. August Krun, must. July 28, 1864. Alvah S. Langley, must. Aug. 13, 1864. Michael McCarthy, must. July 29, 1864. Donald McDonald, must. April 14, 1864. George MoDoner, must. April 20, 1864. Michael McNamara, must. April 14, 1864. Bernard Mullins, must. July 21, 1864. John Phillips, must. July 30, 1864. Wm. H. Pierce, must. Aug. 31, 1864. John Rooney, must. April 20, 1864. James E. Smith, must. July 28, 1864. Leander G. Thompson, must. Aug. 29, 1864. Francis Traynor, must. April 14, 1864. George Vandergrist, must. Aug. 13, 1864. Thomas H. Walters, must. July 28, 1864. John White, must. Aug. 13, 1864. Regular Army'. John Buchmiller, must. July 18, 1864. Robert W. Graham, must. March 30, 1864. John Hogan, must. July 21, 1864. Frederick W. Kent, must. July 18, 1864. Joseph MeGinley, must. April 8, 1864. John Montague, must. July 30, 1864. FOXBOROUGH. 695 Wesley H. Sherwood, must. April 11, 1864. Elijah Spenoer, must. July 18, 1864. Kobert Wallock, must. April 13, 1864. Henry Karch, must. July 30, 1864. William F. McAlliston, must. July 30, 1864. FOXBOROUGH SOLDIERS CREDITED TO QUOTAS OF OTHER TOWNS. Seventh Regiment, Company H. George S. Cook, must. June 15, 1861 ; June 27, 1864, ex. of service. Charles D. Richardson, must. June 15, 1861; Jan. 16, 1863, disability. William F. Frazer, musician, must. June 15, 1861; Sept. 1, 1863, Vet. Res. Corps. Company I. William A. Richardson, must. June 15, 1861 ; Feb. 4, 1863, died, Washington. Twenty-fourth Regiment, Company A. Nelson S. White, must. Dec. 5, 1861; Dec. 22, 1863, promoted. Fifty-sixth Regiment, Company A. Christopher Martin, must. Dec. 29, 1863; 1864, order War Department. Company F. George H. Hartshorn, must. Jan. 12, 1864 ; July 12, 1865, close of war. Company G. Leander Clapp, must. Dee. 29, 1863 ; May 13, 1864, killed in battle. Company H. George P. Hogle, must. Jan. 27, 1864 ; July 26, 1864, disability. Isaac Skinner, must. Dec. 19, 1863 ; Dec. 19, 1863, rejected. First Massachusetts Heavy Artillery. Uriah S. King, must. March 20, 1862 ; Oct. 29, 1864, died in Georgia. Ninth Maine Regiment, Company B. William B. Grover, must. Oct. 20, 1862; Sept. 12, 1863, medi cal cadet. Third Regiment Rhode Island Heavy Artillery, Com pany M. Charles Beal, corp., must. Jan. 1, 1863 ; Aug. 30, 1863, wounded. . Charles Beal, must. March 17, 1862; Jan. 1, 1863, promoted. Sixth Rhode Island Battery. William C. Winslow, must. Aug. 15, 1862; Feb. 20, 1865, dis ability. Lincoln Guards, Second District Columbia Regiment, Company G. John E. Belcher, must. Jan. 13, 1862; Jan. 13, 1865, ex. of service. Joel A. Belcher, must. Jan. 13, 1862; Jan. 13, 1865, ex. of service. Joseph W. Belcher, must. Jan. 27, 1862; Feb. 2, 1865, ex. of service. Thirty-third United States Regiment Colored Troops. Nelson S. White, capt., must. Nov. 12, 1865 ; Jan. 31, 1866, ex. of service. NelBon S. White, 1st lieut., must. Oct. 7, 1865; Nov. 12, 1865, promoted. Nelson S. White, 2d lieut., must. Dee. 22, 1863; Oct. 7, 1865, promoted. Soldiers credited to Foxborough's Quota, but served in Regi ments other than Massachusetts. Thomas Carr. James Cavaglin. Emery Eighart. Frederick Hill. Charles McGinnis. William Quinn. Patrick Randolph. Henry Williams. U. S. Navy. Henry Cleveland, must. May 6, 1861; March 24, 1863, ex. of service. Isaac B. Beal. The Memorial Tablets. — At the right of the en trance to Memorial Hall is a marble tablet, with a medallion of flint-lock musket, powder-horn, and cartridge-box in relief, inscribed as follows : Seth Boyden. Samuel Billings. Jacob Billings. Ezra Carpenter. John Carpenter. Oliver Comey. Spencer Comey. John N. Everett, Ebenezer Forrest. Samuel Forrest. Elias Guild. Jabez Grover. Patriots of 1776. Thomas Hartshorn. Zadoc Howe. Jesse Hartshorn. Jeremiah Hartshorn. Cornelius Morse. Timothy Morse. Oliver Pettee. Abijah Pratt. John Sumner. William Sumner. Daniel Salley. Thomas Clapp. Soldiers of 1812. Alexander Boyden. Dudley Billings. Comfort Belcher. Bowdoin Brastow. Bela Bacon. Alpheus Bird. Daniels Carpenter. Francis Carpenter. David Capen. Willard Cbilds. Peleg Durfee. David Davis. Daniel Everett. Charles Faxon. Jabez Fales. Freedom Guild. Fisher Hartshorn. John Hewes. Elkanah Hodges. Otis Hodges. Henry Hobart. David N. Hall. Timothy Morse. Asa Plimpton. Elijah Plimpton. Martin Pettee. Oliver Pettee. James Plimpton. James Paine. Stephen Rhoades, Jr. Loring C. Shaw. E. Holmes Sherman. Robert Shepard. Martin Torrey. Asa White. Amos White. James Wilber. Isaac Winslow. It is also known that Eiisha Morse, a resident upon what is now Foxborough territory, served in the French and Indian war, in 1747. Capt. Josiah Pratt and Capt. Eleazer Robbins, afterwards citizens of this town, commanded two of the nine companies that left Stoughton, April 19, 1775, upon the Lexington alarm. Uriah Atherton, Nehemiah Carpenter, Jr., and Dominic Dassance were also in the Continental army, either as militia or volunteers. Stephen Boy- 696 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. den and Asa Boyden were also soldiers of 1812 ; it is probable that still other names are omitted from the tablets in Memorial Hall. Upon the opposite side of the door-way is inscribed the • ROLL OF HONOB, 1861-1865. Maj. Charles F. Howard. Capt. David L. Shepard. " Carlos A. Hart. " Wm. H. Torrey. " Nelson S. White. Lieut. Allen F. Belcher. " James L. Sherman, " Christopher T. Hanley. " Bernard E. Backer. . " Moses A. Richardson. " John Littlefield. " George M. Fillebrown. " Alvin E. Hall. " Isaac H. Bonney. " Edwin P. Jewett. " Edward E. Bird. Sergt. Joseph H. Joplin. " John F. Shepard. " John M. Welch. " Lewis L. Bullard. " Wm. H. Pierce. " Charles W. Stearns. " Horace E. Dupee. " Joshua B. Bowman. " Andrew N. Grady. " Joseph Boyden. " Thomas G. Pierce. " Gab. P. Chamberlain. " Liscomb C. Winn. Corp. Samuel D. Robinson. " Frank 0. Pierce. " Otis H. Horton. " James A. Carpenter. " Wm. H. Fales. " Benjamin P. Slater. " George H. Claflin. " George S. Cook. " Pascal C. Grover. " Ephraim 0. Grover. " Charles B. Winn. Ezekiel Ames. Joseph H. Alden. Wm. M. Adams. Henry A. Alexander. Hiram S. Buck. Charles D. Bacon. Benj. F. Belcher. Levi Bennett. Joseph Brigham. James S. Bemis. Samuel N. Bryant. Newton W. Bacon. Henry J. Barrows. John E. Belcher. Joel A. Belcher. Joseph W. Beloher. Charles Beal. Isaac B. Beal. Lewis W. Belcher. Charles L. Boyden. George E. Bird. Wm. F. Boyd. Timothy Brennan. Thomas S. Brigham. Samuel Chestnut. Thomas Carpenter. Henry Cleveland. James S. Carver. Edwin J. Carroll. Geo. S. Coppleston. Patrick Curtin. Leander Clapp. Gardner A. Carpenter. Curtis Childs. Edgar L. Comey. Joseph H. Dow. Wm. Day. Edwin Dunbar. Otis Dean. John J. Dixon. Benj. L. Dixon. Herbert F. Dean. Jeremiah E. Earl. George Eaton. Amos L. Fuller. Alonzo W. Fuller. Albert E. Forrest. Edward M. Freeman. Wm. F. Frazer. Handel P. Fisher. E. Irving Fisher. Anson Fisher. David Flavahan. Comfort 0. Fisher. Joseph Gotlieb. Wm. C. Grover. Nathan M. Grover. Wm. R. Goldsmith. George H. Grover. Wm. B. Grover. Joseph Gay. Cephas P. Grover. David T. Hartshorn. Patrick Henneberry. Wm. D. Higgins. Moses E. Harding. Lewis Heckman. George H. Hartshorn. Henry James. Joseph Jewett. Benj. F. Jones. Uriah S. King. Richard H. King. Seth N. Kingsbury. Allen P. Lake. Charles Lyons. Bartlett P. Luce. Wm. H. Lyons. Williams Leonard. George Leonard. Alfred L. Morse. Stillman F. Morse. Ransom Matthews. John Mahoney. Wm. A. Morse. Joseph Myers. Owen Murphy. Elbridge F. Morse. Cyrus B. Morse. Jairus J. Morse. Rufus S. White. Wm. Winslow. Ansel L. Willis. John Ware. Daniel Mahoney. George A. Mann. Zeri B. Martis. James Nelson. Charles H. Pond. Oliver Prime. James Prime. Charles A. Pettee. Edward E. Place. Edward Richardson. Wm. Rich. Charles B. Richardson. Patrick Roche. Wm. A. Richardson. Wm. H. Sweet. Hiram D. Skinner. Theodore R. Skinner. Davi'd Scott. John H. Sumner. Wm. A. Stevens. Leonard Smith. Charles D. Smith. David A. Swifi. Henry C. Sumner. Payson F. Smith. Charles T. Sumner. Hiram A. Snow, Martin Shea. Joshua Taylor. Franklin E. Taylor. Charles A. Thompson. Willard W. Turner. Leander G. Thompson. Ezekiel J. Tolman. George S. Thompson. George M. Washburn. George W. Williams, Jr. Charles A. Whipple. James Wight. Charles Whipple. Preston B. Whittemore. Stillman F. Willis. Wm. T. Wright. Isaac Smith, Jr., asst. surg. Our Honored Dead. — Names inscribed on marble tablet opposite entrance in Memorial Hall, surmounted by medallion representing arms encircled by wreath: Eegt. Co. Date of Death. 4th, F, Lieut. Isaac H. Bonney.. -Aug. 23, 1863. 4th, F, Sergt. Joseph H. Joplin... July 14, 1863. 4th, F, Sergt. G. P. Chamberlain..May 31, 1863. 18th, I, Ezekiel J. Tolman Nov. 22, 1861. 23d, K, Charles A. Whipple May 5, 1862. 24th, A, Henry J. Barrows Oct. 7, 1862. 7th, H, Charles D. Richardson. ..Jan. 20, 1863. 7th, I, William A. Richardson. ..Feb. 4, 1863. 4th, F, William M. Adams March 6, 1863. 7th, H, Stillman F. Morse March 10, 1863. 4th, F, Elbridge F. Morse May 26, 1863. 4th, F, William Day June 10,1863. 4th, F, Charles L. Boyden July 15, 1863. 4th, F, Joseph Myers July 20,1863. 4th, F, Henry C. Sumner Aug. 13, 1863. 4th, F, Edwin J. Carroll Aug. 31,1863. 56th, K, Daniel Mahoney Feb. 23,1863. 56th, G, Leander Clapp May 13,1864. 18th, I, Amos L. Fuller Aug. 10,1864. 23d, K, Hiram A. Snow 1864. 1st, Heavy Art'l'y, Uriah S. King Oct. 29, 1864. VETERANS OF THE WAR. Organized Henry C. Lindley, capt. James S. Carver, 1st lieut. David Scott, 2d lieut. Thomas B. Bourne, ord.-sergt, Joseph H. Dow, 2d sergt. H. B. Hartshorn, drummer. Henry A. Alexander. Cyrus B. Morse. Jabez B. Davidson. Seth Talbot. June 17, 1878. Wm. T. Wright. Fred. Whitney. Edwin P. Jewett. Timothy Howe. Wm. R. Reed. Thomas Carpenter. Allison Cobb. Wm. Moorhouse. Sumner Wetherell. Harrison Doty. FOXBOROUGH. 697 Wm. H. Kempton. Dennis Lovett. Elbridge Alexander. Royal J. Packard. L. Edgar Comey. Joseph H. Alden. Abijah M. Morse. Dennis F. McCarty. Thomas Brigham. John Ferguson. John Wright. Samuel C. Bourne. Leander G. Thompson. A. L. Bundy. Samuel C. Chestnut. David Flahaven. James Blanchard. Patrick Curtin. Charles A. Thompson. John Higgins. Charles D. Smith. Henry C. Fulsom. Ansel Willis. Caleb Josselyn. V. F. Grover. Curtis Childs. Oliver Prime. John Jackson. Dexter Inman. John A. Davis. The following records are taken from a book in the possession of Mr. A. J. Boyden, upon the first page of which is written, " Militia Book for the use of the Company in Foxborough, 1790." Mr. Boyden also has a roster, of which a copy was printed in the Fox borough Times of Feb. 28, 1879: "Agreeable to an act of Congress, the 9th of May, 1794, A deteachment of Eighty Thousand Men bo raised, and this states propotion is 11885, oncers included, and the 4th Rigaments propotion is 97, oficers included, and the foot Company in Fox borough propotion is one Subbolton, one Serjent, and Sixteen Privates, which ware deteached and Returned the 8 day of July, in y6 1794, and ware ordered to be acquipt and hold themselves in Readiness to march at a Minutes warning, if called for, and to serve three months after They arrive at the place of Rendez vous, if not sooner discharged. " Mens Names that were deteached and Returned : — " Sergent, Asa Paine. { Rank and File. Jacob Billings. Samuel H. Everett. Richard Everett. Zippa Swift. Job Shearman, Junr. John Shearman. Jason Belcher. Philips Payson. Joseph Bradshaw. Lemuel Wight, Junr, Asa Robinson. Elkonah Clark. Cyrenius Pettee. Oliver Morse. Elias Guild. John Sumner, Junr. "Agreeable to an Act of Congress, the 24 of June, ye 1797, A deteachment of Eighty Thousand men, to be Raised and Rurnd, Armed and Equipt as the Law directs, and Hold themselves in Readyness to march at a minutes warning, if called for, and Serve the Term of three months after they arrive at the place of Rendezvous, unless sooner discharged. "This states propotion of the above 80,000 is 11,836, in cluding oficers, the second brigade, first divisions, propotion is 348. "The 4lh Rigament 2a Brigades proportion is 89, oficers in cluded, and the foot Company in Foxborough propotion, Two Commitiond officers, one serjent, fourteen privates. "The names of the men that ware deteacht and Returnd, Oct. 12, ye 1797, and ware holden to stand in Readiness from that time for the Space of one year, and after that untill the Eand of the next sessions of Congress, and No longer. Sergent, Benjamin Comee. ( Privates. Francis Jones. Eiisha Wilbur. Obadiah Shearman. Oliver Morse. Lemuel Paine. John N. Miller. David Capen. Joel Morse, Junr. Asa White. Asa Robinson. " Rank and File. Elias Guild. Asa Shaw. Leonard White. James Daniels. "N. B. — The time mentioned in the orders for the above named men to Hold themselves in Readyness is expired the 3d of March, 1799, and they are discharged by order of the Com mander-in-chief. Foxborough, May 3, y° 1799. " The President of the United States, pursuant to an Act of Congress of the 10th of April, 1812, having required of the Com mander-in-chief to take Effectual Measures for having 10,000 of the Militia of Massachusetts, Detached & Duly Organized In companies, Battallions, Regiments, Brigades, and Divisions. And the Second Regiment, 2d Brigade, and 1 Div. Proportion is 45, officers Included, Aud the Company of foot, commanded by Capt. Metcalf Everett, has Detached 1 serg. and 6 Privates, it being her Proportion of the above number. " Mens Names that were Detached and Returned from Capt. M. Everett's Company : — " Serg't, Oliver Capen. " Privates. Isaiah Morse. Jairus P. Morse. John Morse, 2d. Isaac Shepard. Spencer Leonard. Oakes Copeland. Privates. " Copy of A Detachment made from Capt. Metcalf Everett's Company, July 26th, 1814, viz. ; "Samuel Peck, " Hartfoed Leonard, \ " Copy of A Detachment made from Capt. Metcalf Everett's Company, Sept. 20th, 1814. " Isaac Winslow, "I " Alpheus Bird, [ Privates." "William Vinson, j CHAPTER LVIII. FOXBOROUGH— ( Continued). Ecclesiastical History — Congregational Church — Baptist Church — Universalist Church — Roman Catholic — Chapels — Civil History — Delegates to Constitutional Convention — State Senators — Commission of Insolvency — Representatives — Justices of the Peace— Selectmen — Town Clerks— Town House— Memorial Hall— The Howe Monument— Change in Boundaries — Masonic — Historical Items — The Press — The Centennial Celebration — Population — Statistical. Congregational Church. — Soon after the de struction of the first meeting-house, erected in 1763, of this society the second one was erected in 1822, and dedicated in January, 1823. It was located near the site of the old edifice, and about one hundred feet 698 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. northwest of Memorial Rock. It was taken down in 1855. The present church was erected in 1854. The pastors have been as follows : Thomas Kendal, 1786-1800 ; Daniel Loring, 1804-6 ; Thomas Skel- ton, 1807-16; Thomas Williams, 1816-21 ; Willard Pierce, 1824-39 ; Daniel J. Poor, 1840-47 ; Wil liam Barnes, 1847-54; Edmund Y. Garrette, 1854- 57 ; Noadiah S. Dickinson, 1858-69 (died March 27, 1876); Marshall B. Angier, Jan. 29, 1879-80. The First Baptist Church was built in 1822, and cost twelve hundred dollars ; it was located on Elm Street. It was about thirty-six by forty feet, and was the first house of worship in town in which a stove was introduced. It was moved in May, 1838, to the site now occupied by the town house, where it was lengthened twelve feet and a vestry finished in the basement. In 1850 it was sold, and became a part of the steam-mill of V. S. Pond, which was burned Jan. 27, 1876. The Baptist church edifice, now occupied by the society, stands on School Street. It was built in 1850, at an expense of four thousand two hundred dollars. Improvements were made in 1856 and 1860, and it was enlarged and improved to such an extent as to make it proper to rededicate the building, which was done, in the presence of a large congrega tion, Jan. 22, 1879. The pastors have been as follows : Warren Bird, March, 1822, to October, 1828; Timothy C. Ting ley, July, 1831, to July, 1837; Silas Ripley, Oc tober, 1837, to May, 1841 ; Edwin B. Bullard, May, 1842, to May, 1843: Silas Ripley, June, 1843, to September, 1854; Isaac Smith, November, 1854, to January, 1867; Cyrus H. Carleton, November, 1867, died Dec. 25, 1868; William H. Spencer, September, 1869, to April, 1879 ; Millard F. John son, Sept. 1, 1879. The Universalist Church was built in 1813, and is located at the head of Bird Street, fronting the i o common. It originally had a spire in addition to the belfry, but this was blown off in a severe gale. It has a finished vestry, anterooms, etc., in the basement. The pastors have been as follows : Charles W. Mellen, 1843-46 ; E. C. Rogers, 1846-47 ; W. G. Anderson, 1847-48; Holmes Slade, 1848-53; Lucius Holmes, 1853-57 ; N. C. Hodgdon, 1858-59 ; C. A. Bradley, 1860-65; John M. Merrick, 1866-69; James H. Little, 1869-74 ; James Eastman, 1873- 74; Allen P. Folsom, 1874-76; W. W. Hayward, 1876-77 ; Q. H. Shinn, 1878 ; Donald Frasher, 1881- 83. Roman Catholic Church. — The first Catholic Church here was erected in 1859, and destroyed by fire March 1, 1862. It was rebuilt in 1873, and burned Sept. 12, 1877. The present church edifice was completed in 1878. There are also chapels for public worship at East Foxborough and South Foxborough. DELEGATES TO CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTIONS. 1779, John Everett; 1820, Seth Boyden; 1853, Henry Ho- bart. Hon. Ebenezer Warren was delegate to the convention, 1788 that adopted the Federal Constitution. STATE SENATORS FROM FOXBOROUGH. Henry Hobart, 1S52. James E. Carpenter, 1855-56. Otis Cary, 1863-64. Erastus P. Carpenter, 1872-74. COMMISSIONER OF INSOLVENCY FOR NORFOLK COUNTY. Robert W. Carpenter, 1884-87. REPRESENTATIVES TO GENERAL COURT FROM 1778 TO 1878. Martin Torrey, 1849, 1851. John Everett, 1779-81, 1784- 85, 1792. Ebenezer Warren, 1783. Seth Boyden, 1809-11, 1826- 27, 1829. Elias Nason, 1812. John Sherman, 1823-24, 182S, 1839. Willard Pierce, 1830, 1840. Melatiah Everett, 1831. Henry Hobart, 1832-33, 1835- 36. Joseph Kingsbury, 1834. Stephen Rhodes, 1837. Warren Bird, 1838, 1841. Silas Ripley, 1839. Nehemiah Carpenter, 1842. Francis Dane, 1843-44. John M. Everett, 1846. JUSTICES OF Warren Bird. R. Walter S. Blackwell. William Boyd. Seth Boyden. David Capen. James Capen. Erastus P. Carpenter. James E. Carpenter.1 Robert W. Carpenter. Edmund Carroll. Julius Carroll. Otis Cary. Edwin W. Clarke. Aaron Everett. John M. Everett. Melatiah Everett.1 William Payson. Gardner M. Peck. Edward M. Phelps. Joseph E. Pond, Jr. Abijah Pratt. Alfred Hodges, 1850. James Stratton, 1853-54. John Littlefield, 1855-57. Daniels Carpenter, 1858. Otis Cary, 1860-61. Robert W. Kerr, 1863-64. Ezra Carpenter, 1866. Frederick K. Ballou, 1867. John M. Merrick, 1869. J. E. Carpenter, 1870. William H. Thomas, 1872. George T. Ryder, 1873. William A. Thompson, 1875. . Joseph A. Kingsbury, 1876. James F. Leonard, 1878. Benjamin F. Boyden, 2d, 1879. Fred. H. Williams, 1883-84. THE PEACE Alfred Fales. Thomas M. George. Freedom Guild. Edward D. Hewins. Henry Hobart. Noah Hobart. Alfred Hodges. Charles W. Hodges. David Huston. Robert W. Kerr. Joseph Kingsbury. James F. Leonard. John Littlefield. John Q. Lynch. Elias Nason. Swift Payson. Isaac Smith. A. Thomas Starkey. William H. Thomas. Ebenezer Warren. Joseph Warren. 1 Also Justices of the Quorum. FOXBOROUGH. 699 Carmi Richmond. Frank I. Sherman. George Sherman. John Sherman. Samuel S. Warren. Daniel B. Whittier. Fred. H. Williams. SELECTMEN FROM 1778 TO 1878. Josiah Pratt, 1778-79, 1781- 85, 1794. John Everett, 1778-79, 1788, 1792-93, 1798-99. Benjamin Pettee, 1778-79. Daniel Robinson, 1778. Joseph Shepard, 1778. Samuel Billings, 1779, 1786. Nathaniel Clark, 1779, 1782- 85, 1791-92. Nehemiah Carpenter, 1780, 1787. Swift Payson, 1780-81. Ebenezer Warren, 1780, 1786, 1789-93. Aaron Everett, 1781-85. Simon Pettee, 1786, 1789-90. Samuel Baker, 1787-88. Joshua Armsby, 1788. Joseph Hews, 1789-90, 1795- 99. George Stratton, 1791-93, 1798 -1808. Spencer Hodges, 1794-97. Abijah Pratt, 1794-99, 1801, 1819. William Summer, 1799-1805. Seth Boyden, 1802, 1811, 1813, 1815, 1817, 1829. Joseph Kingsbury, 1806-8. Elias Nason, 1809-12. Jesse Hartshorn, 1810-11. Ethridge Clark, 1812, 1814. hen Sherman, 1812, 1830- Jacob Leonard, 1813-14. Harvey Pettee, 1813-14. Peter Carpenter, 1S14. Beriah Mann, 1815-19. John Sherman, 1815-28. Daniel Everett, 1818-28. Joseph Warren, 1820-22. Asa Plimpton, 1823-26. David Capen, 1827-33. Silas Smith, 1829. Henry Hobart, 1830-32, 1834- 40, 1842-45. Joseph Kingsbury, 1833-35. Alpheus Bird, 1834-36, 1841. Ezra Carpenter, 1836-40, 1853 -59,1862-66, 1871. Ephraim Grover, 1837-40. John M. Everett, 1841. George Sherman, 1841-45. Willard Plimpton, 1842-45. Freedom Guild, 1846-49, 1852 -61. Oliver Carpenter, 1846-47. Martin Torrey, 1846-47. Otis Cary, 1849-51, 1867-69, 1874-75. Job Sherman, 1848-51. Albert Fisher, 1850-51. James Stratton, 1852-57. M. Merrick Torrey, 1852. James Capen, 1858-61, 1868- 70. Jeremiah M. Shepard, 1860- 63. Eiisha White, Jr., 1862-66. William H. Thomas, 1864-66. Edmund Carroll, 1867-68. Charles W. Hodges, 1867. William H. Cobb, 1869. James F. Leonard, 1870-71, 1875-77. Eli Phelps, 1870-73. Henry G. Warren, 1872-73, 1876-77. Michael Ryan, 1872. Benjamin B. King, 1873. Alfred Hodges, 1874. James A. Comey, 1874-75. Newland F. Howard, 1876-78, 1883. Erastus P. Carpenter, 1878-83. Willard P. Turner, 1878-80. Joseph A. Kingsbury, 1879- 80. Isaac P. Carpenter, 1881. Francis D. Williams, 1881-83. Carmi Richmond, 1881-82. William H. Torrey, 1881-83. William B. Crocker, 1882-83. TOWN CLERKS. Swift Payson, 1778-79. Amariah Marsh, 1780-83. Nehemiah Carpenter, 1784-85. Abijah Pratt, 1786-88., Aaron Everett, 1789-1800. George Stratton, 1801-8. Beriah Mann, 1809, 1815-19. William Payson, 1810-14. Shubal Pratt, 1820-22. James Paine, 1823-31. Melatiah Everett, 1831. Otis Hodges, 1832-33. Warren Bird, 1834-47. Silas Ripley, 1848-49. Nathaniel T. Shepard, 1850- 54. James E. Carpenter, 1855-60. William H. Thomas, 1861-72. James F. Leonard, 1872-77. William H. Torrey, 1878-83. The town house was built in 1857, at an expense of $15,496.79, which amount includes the cost of the land. The building committee were E. P. Carpenter, Otis Cary, Henry Hobart, Oliver Carpenter, and F. D. Williams. Vote to build passed March 14. 1857 ; first town-meeting held in new hall March 29, 1858. This meeting was opened by prayer by Rev. N. S. Dickinson. In 1874 an addition was built for school purposes at expense of $26,244.31. The building is heated by steam from a boiler in the basement, and is lighted by gas. The basement contains the lock-up (three cells), cistern (containing- thirty-three thousand gallons of water for use in case of fire), the boiler-room, coal-bins, etc. The first floor of the main structure contains the lower town hall, thirty-six by fifty-four feet, with anterooms, town officers' office (with ante room), in which is situated the safe recently erected at an expense of six hundred and fifty dollars, second pri mary school-room, public entrance to town hall, and ticket-office. The second floor is occupied by" the town hall, fifty by seventy-five feet, with two ante rooms, each twelve by twenty feet. It has a platform fifteen by twenty-six feet, and gallery seventeen by forty-five feet. The hall and gallery seat eight hun dred persons. The sehool-house addition, so called, is occupied on the first floor by the first primary and second intermediate schools, on the second floor by the grammar and first intermediate schools. Each of these schools occupies a room thirty-five by twenty- four feet, furnished with the most improved school- furniture, and has commodious clothes-rooms, sink- rooms, and water-closets connected. On the second floor are also two dressing-rooms, each fourteen by fifteen feet (with water-closets), connected with the platform of the town hall. The upper floor is occu pied by the high school,1 which has a room fifty feet square, with commodious clothes-rooms and water- closets. The number of children which can be seated in these six school-rooms is over three hundred. The town house is situated on elevated ground, having a large common in front of and between it and South Street. Foxborough steam fire-engine house is situated a few rods northeasterly of the addition. Cocasset engine-house is similarly situated, southeasterly of the building.2 The Union Straw-Works stands on Wall Street, and occupies, with machine-shop, foundry, gasometer, bleach-house and yards, stables, etc., about two hun dred and ten thousand feet of land. Opposite are First omitted to chose tithingmen, April 3, 1837. Chose five tithingmen in 1860 ; none since. 1 Foxborough high school was established by vote of the town passed April 3, 1865. 2 April 6, 1857, selectmen directed to establish a legal fire department. 700 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. the Veranda and Hamlet Houses, boarding-houses owned by the proprietors of the Union Straw- Works. The expense of building these works, including the addition built in 1856, exceeded one hundred and fifty thousand dollars. Connected with .these works, and owned by the same corporation, — the Union and Bay State Manufacturing Company, — are the " West Branch," a large three-story building on Main Street (formerly the manufactory of Foxborough Jewelry Company), and the " South Branch" (known as "Nason's Factory" when built, in 1810), situated on Water Street. These buildings are managed by William T. Cook & Co. (W. T. Cook and L. Porter Faught) for the corporation. The Old Carpenter House was the first building erected in the Centre. It stood on a leading way off South Street, and near the town house. It was built in 1749—50 by Nehemiah Carpenter, who came to this place from Rehoboth. It afterwards served as an inn* and was known as the " Old Tavern." It was torn down in 1880. The Old Stone Factory, or Foxborough Laundry, is located in the section known as " New State," on Granite Street, at the head of Cocasset Pond. It was erected about 1825 by Simon Pettee, and was for many years used for the manufacture of cotton cloth. Memorial Hall was erected by the town in 1868, in the old burying-ground near the common, at a cost of thirteen thousand dollars. It is built of pebble stone with granite trimmings, with slated roof and dome, on which is a large figure of a Union soldier with arms at rest. The interior is handsomely finished in oiled chestnut, the sides not occupied by the me morial tablets being fitted with cases containing the books of the Public Library. Over the entrance is a marble tablet inscribed, " Soldiers' Memorial. Erected by the Town, a.d. 1868," with bronze coat of arms of the United States at the right and of Massachusetts at the left. At the right of the entrance is the marble tablet with names of Bevolutionary soldiers, and on the left the tablet with Foxborough's roll of honor ; immediately opposite, and surmounted by a large figure of the Goddess of Liberty in colored glass, is the tablet containing the names of " Our Honored Dead." The Warren House was one of the first houses of the modern style of architecture. The Howe monument stands in rear of Memorial Hall. It is inscribed, " This monument was erected by Dr. N. Miller to the memory of his friend, Mr. ZADOCK HOWE, who died 1819, set. 77, and who fought under the . Great Washington. To those who view, before you're gone, be pleased to put this cover on." The cover referred to is a cast-iron urn, surmounted by an acorn dated 1810, and there is set in the urn a slate tablet, inscribed, " The grave is waiting for your body, and Christ is waiting for your soul ; O may this be your cheerful study to be pre pared when death doth call." This slab and urn having been broken, it was replaced by the Centennial Committee, the original acorn being retained. The granite capstone is inscribed, " Wrought by the de ceased, 1810," and ''Repaired by his son, Z. Howe, M.D., 1841." Change in Boundaries. — Since the incorporation of the town the following changes in its boundary- lines, etc., have been made, — viz., June 20, 1793, county of Norfolk established, thus removing Fox borough from Suffolk County. Feb. 3, 1819, boun dary-line between Wrentham and Foxborough estab lished. Feb. 7, 1831, part of Wrentham annexed to Foxborough. Jan. 30, 1833, boundary-line between Sharon and Foxborough established. March 27, 1833, and March 28, 1834, part of Foxborough an nexed to Walpole. Feb. 28, 1850, part of Sharon annexed to Foxborough. The fire department consists of steam fire-engine and hand-engine, hose, three carriages and supply wagon, two engine-houses. St. Alban's Lodge, A. F. and A. M., was first in stituted in Wrentham in 1818. Charter returned to Grand Lodge in 1844. Reorganized in American Hall, Foxborough, in December, 1855, by fourteen members, since which over two hundred and fifty have joined it. Since reorganization, four flourishing lodges have been set off from it. Historical Items.1 — " Oct. 20, 1635, about sixty men, women, and children, with their property of all kinds, left Dorchester for the valley of the Connecti cut, — or Quonticut, as it was then called, — which had been described as extremely fertile. Among these were Mr. Rossiter, Mr. Grant, Mr. Smith, Mr. Car roll, Mr. Morse, Mr. Leonard, Capt. Clapp, and others. A portion of this number found a well-watered place, about twenty-five miles southwest of Dorchester, in what was afterwards known as Stoughtonham, and here they decided to remain." (From Baker's " His torical Collection of Massachusetts.") Leonards, Morses, and Clapps were names found among earliest settlers. Three Morse brothers were living on the stream now known as Rumford River, about a mile from East Foxborough village, long be fore Foxborough Centre had a resident. " Ctesar Augustus Weatherbee died in Foxborough 1 Furnished by Robert W. Carpenter, Esq. FOXBOROUGH. 701 in 1808, aged one hundred and twenty-six years." (Foxborough Journal, Oct. 17, 1873.) " A large tract of land, on which is situated. Sharon, Wrentham, Walpole, and Foxborough, was purchased in 1663 or 1665 of King Philip by the Massachu setts Bay Colony, by Capt. Daniel Fisher, a lawyer of Dedham. Fisher was a captain of Ancient and Heavy Artillery Company ; representative from 1658 to 1682, except 1659 and 1670; Speaker of the . House of Deputies in 1680 ; assistant in 1683 ; died in Dedham, November, 1683." (From " History of Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company, 1842.") Foxborough Local Newspapers. — The Salma gundi Journal, edited by J. E. Carpenter and pub lished by Edson Carpenter, was issued from Novem ber, 1849, to January, 1850. Bonnet Case (a fair paper), was issued Jan. 12 and 13, 1853. Country Times, edited and published by Henry C. Buffum, was issued from April 12, 1856, to April 5, 1857. Home Library, edited by John Littlefield aud pub lished by William H. Thomas, was issued from June 13, 1857, to Dec. 12, 1857. Eagle and Flag, edited by T. E. Grover and Ed win M. Bacon and published by William H. Thomas, was issued from January, 1863, to November, 1863. Norfolk Cmnty Chronicle, edited by E. W. Clarke and E. M. Bacon and published by William H. Thomas, was issued from Nov. 14, 1863, to Oct. 1, 1864. Foxborough Journal, edited by Robert W. Car penter and published by James M. Stewart, was issued from Feb. 21, 1873, to Sept. 27, 1878. Foxborough Times, edited by E. W. Clarke, R. W. Carpenter, W. C. Macy, D. L. Lowe, and F. H. Williams, and published by Pratt & Clarke, Pratt & Carpenter, Pratt & Macy, Pratt & Lowe, and Pratt & White, has been issued from March 28, 1873, to the present time. Gazette, edited by R. W. Carpenter and published by J. E. Carpenter & Son, was issued from Nov. 28, 1874, to March 6, 1876. The Centennial Celebration.— The centennial of the incorporation of the town of Foxborough was celebrated June 29, 1878, with imposing ceremonies. Hon. Otis Cary was president of the day, and Hon. E. P. Carpenter delivered the historical oration. The Foxborough Times, in referring to this event, "The close of the first century of the corporate existence of our beautiful town was most appropriately and successfully ob served, after a long and laborious work of preparation, on Satur day and Sunday last. "That the one hundredth birthday of a town which has made the progress during that period that this has done should be joyously and thankfully observed, with a certain degree of pride and self-commendation, is not to be wondered at. " One hundred years ago the residents of Foxborough were but few in number, and they were of a poorer class, even of those poverty-stricken times. They had of town property one small church building, without doors, and with unglazcd win dows, used as a place of worship and for the storage of powder. " Their principal industry was the tilling of the soil ; yet a few hoop-poles and considerable charcoal were produced and exchanged with the citizens of larger places for the few neces sities of life which could not be produced [from our own soil, such as new rum, molasses, and codfish. " The number of inhabitants of this newly-organized town did not exceed four hundred and fifty. " At the present time we have a population of nearly thirty- two hundred souls ; a town house that cost nearly twenty-five thousand dollars, with a school-house addition worth as much more ; six other school-houses, valued at from six hundred to two thousand dollars each ; a thirteen thousand dollar me morial hall, with an excellent public library of nearly three thousand volumes therein; two commodious engine-houses; fire apparatus (with an able department to use it), which cost not less than ten thousand dollars, and which is worth, when it is considered the amount of property it has saved to our citizens, a much larger sum. We have an excellent and nearly self- supporting town farm. Our church societies, four in number, have each a convenient church edifice. Our common, at the Centre, is a prettily laid out green, with fence, walks, and shade trees, second to none in the State. We have an assessed valuation of over one and a half millions of dollars; an in dustry which tends to cultivate the taste of our citizens for that which is neat and tasty, that stops not its refining influences at the portals of the manufactory where they are inculcated, but they are carried into the homes and every-day life of our citi zens, causing them to vie each with his neighbor in prettily arranging and keeping his grounds and buildings, thus making our town, as a whole, so neat as to give it the title of 'the Gem of Norfolk County,' We refer, of course, to the straw business, — an industry which has given employment in a single year to 3291 persons, and paid for labor in this town and vicinity $399,- 676.15. It has produced 2,473,819 hats, caps, etc., in one year, valued at cost at $1,493,986.40 ; and that we have other indus tries will not be doubted by those who witnessed the trade pro cession of Saturday. Our citizens are, on the whole, an intel- lio-ent, energetic, and generous people, well-to-do in this world's goods, and above the average communities in morality. Our town is noted for its enterprise and liberality, which caused people to expect from it a celebration of its centennial anni versary which should be second to none, and one which would be an honor to the town and its citizens." Population— In 1790, 640; in 1800, 779; in 1810, 870; in 1820, 1004; in 1830, 1166; in 1836, 1416; in 1840, 1294; 2570;3057 ; 3000. Statistical.— Population, 3000. Valuation, $1,- 500,000. Averate rate of taxation in five years but $12.45 per $1000. Public property, consisting of town house and school building ($40,000), fire appa ratus and engine-houses ($10,000), memorial hall and in 1860, 2879 in 1875, 3168 in 1850, 1978; in 1855, in 1865, 2778; in 1870, in 1880, 2954; in 1883, 702 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. public library — 2500 volumes — ($17,500), town farm ($4000), school-houses ($8000), and other property, making total value over $80,000. Town debt but $15,000, funded at 4 per cent. Excellent streets, with sidewalks lined with beautiful shade trees, graded schools, public library, liberal supply of well-stocked stores, good postal, railroad, telegraphic, telephonic, and hotel accommodations. Distance from Boston 25 miles, from Providence 20 miles, from Taunton 15 miles, Attleborough 9 miles. Boston and Providence and northern division of Old Colony Railroads pass through the town, giving un excelled freight facilities. Freight rates the same as from Boston. Nine passenger trains daily to Boston. Societies. — Royal Arch Chapter, Masonic Lodge, Knights of Honor, Good Templars, Order of Golden Cross, G. A. R. Post, — nearly all being flourishing and prosperous and occupying commodious halls. Foxborough Brass Band, organized 1844 ; Foxbor ough Savings-Bank, incorporated 1855. Public Halls. — Town hall seats 600, lower town hall seats 200, Samaritan Hall seats 300, Union Hall seats 100. Among the business enterprises now located in this town are the manufacture of straw hats (the largest straw-factory in the world), felt hats, sewing-machines, leather-board, packing-boxes, lumber, paper boxes, tin ware, stoves, boilers, hollow-ware, stereoscopic views, slates, clothing, millinery goods, harnesses, carriages, baskets (2), toilet and common soaps (4), boots and shoes (6), brooms, music-clamps, dental goods, ex tracts and medicines (3), cider and glue, two iron foundries, planing- and saw-mill, steam laundry, steam printing-office, wool scouring-mill, two grist-mills, two granite- quarries, and others. Other products are lumber, wood, hoop-poles, charcoal, blacksmith work, florists' and green-house goods, ice, meats, cranberries, butter, milk, garden and farm produce. Foxborough is a growing village, one of the pret tiest and healthiest in the State, with town house, school-houses, engine-houses, memorial hall, public library, excellent fire department, and other public property valued at nearly one hundred thousand dol lars, with a debt of but sixteen thousand dollars (funded at four per cent), and the rate of taxation is small and constantly decreasing ; situated but twenty- five miles from Boston, with seven trains to that city each day; freights to all points the same as from Boston. The Union straw-works, the largest straw shop in the world, is located here, and residents are desirous of having new industries located in the town, and will encourage and assist any which may come. The manufactory of the Rotary Shuttle Sewing Machine has just been established here, and other new enterprises are under way, all of which insures the growth and continued prosperity of the town. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. ISAAC SMITH, M.D. Isaac Smith, born March 5, 1809, in Milton, Mass., was son of Lemuel and Mercy (Sumnee) Smith. Isaac Smith, grandfather of Dr. Isaac, was probably a native of Bridgewater, as that was the residence of his father, but passed most of his life in Randolph, engaged in agriculture. Lemuel, his son, was a shoe maker. He had six sons and one daughter, — (1) Lemuel, Jr., who died aged twenty-three years. (2) Clarissa, she married first Mr. Ham, of Lisbon, Me., and second, Mr. Horton, of Gloucester. She is now a widow, has one child living, a son, Albert Ham. (3) Isaac. (4) Edmund, he was a physician in Bos ton for many years, where he died, and is buried at Milton, his native place. (5) Albert is a wholesale boot and shoe dealer in New York City. (6) Luther N. married in Lisbon, Me., moved to Aroostook County, and died there of heart-disease. He was a farmer. (7) Francis A. married a Miss Bosworth, of Plympton, and resides in Stoughton ; is a book maker. Isaac Smith had only such educational ad vantages as the common schools of his native village afforded. After his twelfth year he left the paternal home to battle with the world and win such fame and fortune as might fall to his lot. He had only a bright mind, a brave heart, determined will, and will ing hands; he shrank from no labor, however dis tasteful, that would help him in his onward and up ward course. He first hired out as a chore-boy and general farm laborer, living two years with oue family ; then he went to Stoughton, and obtained employment in a boot and shoe manufactory as a cutter. His in dustry and perseverance soon won for him the con fidence of his employer, and in the absence of the regular manager he acted as superintendent. Here he remained five years. During this time every spare hour and moment was devoted to study. When he was nineteen years of age he went to South Reading (now Wakefield) Academy. Here he continued his study for two years, working out of school hours to pay his board. In the course of these two years he was authorized to preach, and was called as pastor of the Baptist Church at East Stoughton. His means 'dCt-cz^ 1 turer of snuff, was located. Thaddeus Clap and Samuel Fuller had a tan-yard. Eliphalet Clap owned a forge, and manufactured wrought iron and nails. Daniel Ellis was a clothier. In 1813, Oliver Clap, Warren Clap, Daniel Ellis, Daniel Payson, and Ed ward G. Cundal, styled Oliver Clap & Co., bought the land (on which the factory was built) of Eben ezer Clap, also the right to convey the water through his land, giving to said E. Clap an obligation, binding each jointly and severally forever to build the fence around the land and protect against injury by washing, or gullying, or injuring the land in any way. The Walpole Union Manufactory (cotton and woolen), Oliver Clap, president ; Warren Clap, treasurer ; Oliver Eldridge, proprietors' clerk. It was a fine edifice, sixty by forty feet, four stories and a half, besides the basement, with a bell-tower on the south erly end surmounted with a musical bell, which pealed forth its daily notes for over sixty-seven years, except during periodical depressions, which all factory inter ests have at times been obliged to pass through. Not one in Walpole but what have been obliged to stand idle at some time. It was a stock company and superintended by agents. David Fairbank is reported as the first, Maj. Alfred Allen is reported as the second, and Asa Whit man as the third. After a series of years, his con nection having been severed with Union Factory, Asa Whitman became the owner of the twenty-four shares in Diamond Factory, and April 11, 1842, deeded that property to his son. (See history of Diamond Fac tory.) In September, 1844, Warren Clap, Benjamin Banks, E. W. Clap, and the Manufacturers' Insurance Company deeded each one-eighth part of Union Fac tory to Amory Warren, who deeded to W. R. But- terworth, who manufactured cotton cloth for a con siderable length of time. In 1847, Mr. Cook, from Providence, after putting the factory in complete order, manufactured cashmirettes, using a part of Hon. Truman Clark's factory in finishing them. Dec. 15, 1848, Charles F. Tilinghist deeded the property to Smith Gray, James S. Shepard, and William H. Cary. May, 1852, Messrs. Gray, Shepard, and Cary conveyed by deed the Union Factory and privilege to Charles Manning, Henry R. Glover, and Jerome B. Cram, styled Manning, Glover & Co., who continued the manufacturing of curled hair mattresses, cotton batting and wicking until July, 1872. The copartner ship was then dissolved, and the property came into the possession of Jerome B. Cram. He owned two- thirds, Henry R. Glover one-third. Mr. Cram con tinued manufacturing curled hair and mattresses until 1880, when he sold his interest to Smith Gerish. 46 Messrs. Gerish & Glover have leased this property to Stephen Pember, since which time (September, 1881) it was burned down, and a flat-roof, one-story build ing erected thereon. Mr. Pemberton hired a small factory on the banks of Union Dam, owned by Mr. J. B. Cram, in 1881, and in a few days that was burned to the ground, since which Mr. Cram has rebuilt, and is now manufacturing ticking. The sixth water-power privilege, Walpole Centre, Willard Lewis, nine feet waterfall. In 1812, Daniel Clap, clothier, was located here (how long he had been there the historian is unable to say), and continued several years afterwards. In 1821, Harlow Lawrence, who had been an employe" in the Union Factory, purchased this privilege, and built a fine building two and a half stories, sixty by forty feet, with a bell-tower surmounted with a bell, and fitted it with machinery for the manufacturing of cotton thread, and continued successfully until he died. After his death it stood idle for a while. George Guiler continued the manufacturing of thread about ten years in the interest of the heirs. A Mr. Blackington leased and continued the same business for a term of years. Previous to 1863, William Lewis had been manu facturing list carpets quite extensively. Feb. 21, 1863, Deacon Willard Lewis purchased of the heirs of Harlow Lawrence this factory, water- power, and privilege, and commenced to manufacture government lint for the army, and also list carpeting, carpet lining, cotton batting, cotton calking, and cotton percolator, used for straining rosin at the South. Mr. William Hart built a machine-shop near the old Lawrence Factory. He was an accomplished mechanic, employed at one time quite a large number of hands, and continued his business until quite an aged man. His machine-shop was after a while con nected with the Lawrence Factory, previous to the purchase of Willard Lewis. That factory has been burned down since his purchase, and a two and a half story brick building stands on the old site. Messrs. Willard Lewis & Son now continue manufacturing. The Stetson water-power, twelve feet fall, is owned by Edward P. Stetson. In 1795, Ebenezer Harts horn was the owner, and had a grist-mill, acting in the capacity of a miller and a farmer. In 1796, Joshua Stetson bought the privilege, and commenced the manufacturing of farming tools. His mechanical skill and upright manner of doing business soon brought him to the notice of the trading commu nity, who soon gave him the credit of manufacturing the best hoe in the country. The fame of the Stet- 22 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. son Hoe spread far and wide. He continued the business until 1827, at which time he retired with a competence. His son, Everett Stetson, continued the business his father left to him until 1830. Capt. Joshua Stetson died Feb. 14, 1863. Joshua Stetson, Jr., was proprietor of a cotton-factory on this privilege from 1830 to 1867. He had the reputa tion of making the best ticking in the market. A copartnership, Stetson & Bullard, 1844 (see Diamond Factory report). Deacon Everett Stetson, in 1846, sold to J. H. Blackburn and Ollis Clap a foundry of which he had previously been the proprietor. They removed the personal property to the Black burn privilege. He had also been the owner of a card-clothing factory, situated near his dwelling-house, at which time (1855) he bought the entire Stetson privilege, and removed his factory to its present po sition near the dam, and continued the same until 1867, when he was succeeded by his son, Edward P. Stetson, who still continues the business. Here are running machines the inventor of which, Elea zer Smith, who lived and died here, and was buried within sight of this factory, the world ought to honor, — Eleazer Smith, who invented a machine for pricking the leather, cutting, crooking, and setting card-teeth, all in one operation, also a machine for cutting and heading nails, etc. The present proprie tor of this card-clothing factory has made extensive additions and improvements, which in appearance and convenience does him credit. His business is exten sive. Mr. Ira Gill, the oldest living manufacturer in town, began the manufacturing of fur-napped hats in 1823, changed later to fur-felts. He has occupied buildings on this privilege since 1855. He was the successor of Rand & Hooper, hatters. They were the successors of a Mr. Roberts, a hatter. The eighth water-power privilege, with two dams combined, formerly known as Daniel Ellis and Deacon Henry Plimpton, power eighteen and a half feet, is now known as Linden Spring and Axle-Works. In 1810, John Stanley, Thomas Stanley, and William Appleton carried on the manufacturing of tacks and snuff. Previous to that time it was a part of the farm belonging to Roland Willett, and deeded to them Jan. 25, 1810 (the lower privilege). 1816, Deacon Henry Plimpton came into possession of the upper privilege, and manufactured hoes. 1818, Daniel Ellis became the owner of the lower privilege, and Daniel Ellis & Son continued the business of a clothier and manufacturing satinet. Daniel Ellis died in 1835 ; his son continued the business till 1837, when George Blackburn took possession and continued three or four years. A Mr. Freeman then took the factory and manufactured negro cloth one year. Calvin Turner manufactured satinet there one year. Park Sterns and Blackburn deeded, Aug. 29, 1844, the lower privilege to Deacon Henry Plimpton, who manufac tured satinets and hosiery yarn a short time, then, in connection with his upper privilege, continued the manufactory of hoes, steel springs, etc. 1835, 0. W. Allen & Co., Henry Plimpton, O. W. Allen, and Jere miah Allen manufactured twine on the lower privilege. Everett Stetson manufactured wadding there. In 1848, C. G. & H. M. Plimpton (Calvin G. Plimpton), sons of Deacon Henry Plimpton, formed a copartner ship, and continued the forge, steel spring, axle, and numerous other kinds of tools and implements used in farming and machinery, filling quite extensive orders from California until 1865, at which time they sold the property to the Linden Spring and Axle Company, of which Hubbard W. Tilton was a large owner and agent. Stephen Pember hired a part of this privilege a few years since, and used it for a shoddy-mill until it burned down. The ninth water-power privilege is a fifteen-feet fall, of which Hon. F. W. Bird is proprietor. In the year 1817 or 1818, Eliphalet Rhoads carried on a grist mill here. Dean Sales & Co. manufactured cotton cloth, known as Neponset Manufacturing Company. They, in 1835, sold to Silas Smith and others, who formed a copartnership known as the Neponset Paper- Mill Company, and manufactured printing paper. Dec 20, 1836, the Neponset Paper-Mill Company sold the property to Jabez Coney, Jr., of Dedham. He continued the business until Nov. 8, 1838, at which time the Hon. Francis W. Bird purchased the entire property of him. For a few months Mr. Bird ran the mill on news-printing paper, after which he made coarse paper for hardware, sugar, and other various uses, and has continued increasing the variety of paper of that class until the business has increased five or sixfold. F. W. Bird & Son are now owners of the mill. Tenth privilege, Bird's lower mill, twelve feet water-fall, paper-mill, was built by George Bird, father of F. W. Bird, in 1817-18. Run by Bird & Son, George and Josiah N. Bird, afterwards by Josiah N. Bird, who sold it to F. W. Bird, April 1, 1833. They made the same kinds of paper as the upper mill. Hon. F. W. Bird, a part of the time with partners, owned it uutil March, 1882, when he sold it to Hol lingsworth & Vose. Of late years the mill has been confined to first-class manilla paper. Hon. F. W. Bird & Son now occupy a new WALPOLE. 723 brick mill, erected on the site of the old one, a few years ago burned down, equipped with the most im proved machinery, and running night and day in order to fill orders. Mr. Bird's business career has been long and noted, meriting the respect of the community at large, public-spirited in the full sense of the word, a free giver to many charitable pur poses, often filling offices of responsibility in his own town, Massachusetts Legislature, and Senate. The eleventh water-power privilege, a fifteen-feet fall, is the Diamond Factory, situated on Spring Brook, which rises from Moose Hill and the springs at its base in Sharon, taking a northwesterly direction and emptying into the Neponset River at the centre of Walpole, near the factories of Bradford Lewis & Son, This factory is situated about three-quarters of a mile above. Aug. 20, 1814, Jonathan Wilde and wife deeded this privilege to Samuel Hartshorn and Daniel Kingsbury, with dam, fifteen-feet water-fall, and a factory to be built thereon by said Jonathan Wilde. A company of farmers, mechanics, capitalists, and traders formed a copartnership and owned this factory and privilege. As no record of it can be found, and no one that I have been able to find knows who they all were, will give the names of those who I have heard were stockholders. Josiah Hill, Daniel Kings bury, Nathaniel Guild, Herman Guild, James Guild, Ebenezer Hartshorn, Samuel Allen, Robert Robertson, one of the proprietors, Daniel Kingsbury, agent, and manufactured cotton cloth several years. Hartshorn & Kingsbury manufactured cotton cloth in 1868. Hemp twine was made there. Feb. 27, 1829, by an act of the General Court of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Diamond Manufac turing Company was incorporated ; number of shares, twenty-four. Twelve shares signed over to Smith Gray by Daniel Carpenter, of Foxborough, identified him as interested there. March 14, 1842, Asa Whit man, who had been a manufacturer of cotton cloth for a term of years, signed by deed this property to his son, Henry C. Whitman, who, Aug. 1, 1844, signed his interest to Smith Gray, who, Oct. 1, 1844, leased to Stetson & Bullard — Joshua Stetson, Jr., and William Bullard — for five years this Diamond Manufacturing Company's property. In 1858, Simeon Clap was the owner of this factory. He had been a manufacturer of straw bonnets from 1842 until 1850; a manufacturer of lamp-wicking and twine until he purchased this privilege, after which he manufactured stocking-yarn, twine thread, and Java canvas. Mr. Clap died in 1881, since which time this property has been conveyed to Bradford Lewis & Son, and is used for burring wool. The Royal Smith Machine-Shop is situated one- quarter of a mile above Diamond Factory, on Spring Brook. Oct. 3, 1840, Royal Smith erected a ma chine-shop, and carried on the manufacturing of cotton and woolen machinery about six years. It was, after lying idle a term of time, used for the purpose of cleansing waste. About the year 1860 it took fire and burned down. About four years ago (1880), Nathan Clark bought the privilege and built a saw mill, rebuilt the dam, and within the past year has built an additional building in which he has a planing- mill, gig-saw, and a shingle-mill. His son, Alton N. Clark, is the owner and proprietor. In old times, eighty years or more, there were two furniture manufacturers in Walpole, — Josiah Hill and Horace Guild. Josiah Hill, on East Street near where now stands Catholic Church ; Horace Guild, on Walpole plain. Bradford Lewis & Son, manufacturers and dealers in cotton waste for cleaning machinery. In 1872, Bradford Lewis built a factory on Neponset River, where Spring Brook empties into that river, in which he has continued the manufacture of cotton waste for cleaning machinery to the present time. In 1881 he erected a paper-mill near by his other factory, in which he has made bookbinders' board, and still continues the same. Mr. Lewis had, previous to building these two buildings, been engaged at intervals of time in manu facturing. In 1864 at South Walpole, in 1868 with his brother, and also at G. P. Morey's mill privilege, principally in the same business above mentioned. Deacon Jeremiah Allen seems to have been the first, or at least one of the first, manufacturers of twine here. In 1832 he began the business in the Allen neighborhood, near his residence. In 1866 he formed a copartnership with Samuel Allen, Jr. They built another factory, running parallel, near the old one, and continued the business until the death of Jeremiah Allen. Samuel Allen, Jr., then purchased the interest be longing to him, and has continued the same, lately associating with himself his son, now Samuel Allen & Son. They manufacture several hundred kinds, in different lengths, size, color, etc., confining the manu factory to one building, leasing the other to Aaron E. Clap, who is engaged in manufacturing jewelers' cotton and absorption cotton. Samuel Gilbert, who had been for many years a manufacturer in Walpole, died Dec. 26, 1883, aged eighty-three years and four months. He learned the hoe manufacture of Joshua Stetson, and, after his day's work was done, used to engage in the manufacture of straw bonnets. 724 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. More than fifty years ago he built a shop, and em ployed quite a number of girls there, and a large number about town, manufacturing straw bonnets. He was associated, in company with Horace Plimp ton, for several years, after which he continued, until quite late in life, manufacturing for D. D. Curtis, Medfield, who pays him a handsome tribute of re spect : " For twelve years or more he has manufac tured for me without a fault. He was honest and true. He died honored and respected." Horace Plimpton was engaged in the manufacture of hoop- skirts from 1859 until 1869. Prince & Woodward succeeded them a short time. John Blackburn suc ceeded him a short season. J. B. Hannahs & Barney manufactured hoop-skirts a short time. J. B. Han nahs, in 1841, commenced manufacturing carriages for a season. Billings Ellis commenced the manu facture of carriages, wagons, and sleighs in 1849, and has continued the same business to the present day. Ephraim Shepard began the manufacture of carriages in 1822, and continued it quite extensively, at one time for thirty years or more. Mr. Nathaniel Bird came to Walpole in 1801, engaged in the manufac ture of chaises and coaches until 1821, at which time his factory, and himself and brother, were burned to gether. April 11, 1825, Squire M. Fales was proprietor of a foundry in the west part of Walpole. Gen. Leach, of Easton, purchased the works, and changed into a blast-forge, melted the ore, and manufactured ma chinery of most descriptions then in use. He con tinued the business until 1845, at which time he sold the property to Thomas and George Campbell for the manufacture of paper. A portion of West Walpole containing that has since- been set off to Norfolk. John Bowker was for many years engaged in the manufacture of straw goods. Simeon Clap, in 1842, was engaged in the manufacture of straw goods. Morey privilege, sixteen-feet fall, is situated on Mill Brook, about half a mile westerly of the town house. Mill Brook takes its rise in Dover, runs southerly through the east corner of Medfield, and empties into Neponset River, near Bradford Lewis & Son's mills. The land occupied by this privilege lying on the south side of this brook was formerly a part of Par son Morey's farm, that part lying on the north side was the property of William Robbins in 1860. In the year 1840, Lewis W. and Erastus Robbins built the dam, erected a machine-shop and manufactured axles, etc., until 1853. Erastus Robbins died, and his brother purchased the personal property of the company and carried on the business until 1855. In 1854 this privilege became the property of the Hon. George Morey, of Boston. In 1863 it was transferred to Palmer Morey, and in 1868 it was transferred to George P. Morey, its present owner. Lewis W. Robbins and John P. Holmes leased the machine-shop and continued the axle and machinery manufacture until 1858. A saw-mill and shingle manufactory had been es tablished for quite a length of time, which, together with the machine-shop and privilege, was let to Brad ford Lewis, 1868, and used for manufacturing cotton waste, who ran the saw- and shingle-mill a few years. In 1873, E. Frank Lewis hired the whole privilege, ran the saw- and shingle-mill until 1876, at which time they were sold. In 1873, Mr. Lewis commenced the business of wool-scouring, which has increased, and now, with a full supply of water, is enabled to scour two hundred thousand pounds per week. He has also extensive ice-houses. Walpole Dye and Chemical Works, Henry D. Dupee, proprietor, is situated at the junction of the New York and New England and Old Colony Rail roads, and was incorporated in March, 1872. Seven buildings, inclosed in an area of about three acres ; manufacture colors and mordants used in print-works. Bleaching establishment, R. S. Gray, proprietor. About fifty years ago, Smith Gray commenced the bleaching and coloring business on the now known Deacon Willard Lewis privilege, afterwards discov ering the beautiful clear spring water in abundance, where now the present proprietor, Robert S. Gray, is doing business. Civil History.1 CLERKS. George Payson, 1778. Stephen Felch, 1779-99. Asa Kingsbury, 1800-8. Samuel Hartshorne, 1809-14. Harvey Clap, 1815-32. Joshua Stetson, Jr., 1833-44. Palmer Morey, 1845-64. George P. Morey, 1865-83. TOWN Samuel Kingsbury, 1724-28. Ezra Morse, 1729. Samuel Kingsbury, 1730-38. Joshua Fisher, 1739-47. Aquilla Robbins, 1748-67. Stephen Felch, 1768-73. Seth Clap, 1774-75. Benjamin Kingsbury, 1776. Seth Clap, 1777. List of Representatives.1 — Previous to the year 1740 there seems to have been no action of the town as to the choice of a representative. From the year 1740 to 1767 the town voted each year not to choose a representative. Joshua Clap was chosen representative in 1768. Seth Kingsbury was chosen representative in 1769. Joshua Clap was chosen representative from 1770 to 1772, inclusive. Enoch Ellis was chosen representative in 1773. 1 Compiled by George E. Morey. WALPOLE. 725 Enoch Ellis was chosen a delegate to represent the town in the Provincial Congress in 1 774. Enoch Ellis was chosen a delegate to represent the town at the Congress to be held at Watertown, for six months next en suing, in 1775. Benjamin Kingsbury was chosen, July 10, 1775, to represent the town at the Great and General Court to be held at Water- town the 21st day of snid July. Joshua Clap was chosen representative in 1776. Benjamin Kingsbury was chosen representative in 1777. Seth Bullard was chosen representative from 1778 to 1780, inclusive. There was no choice of representative from 1781 to 1783, inclusive. Seth Bullard was chosen representative from 1784 to 1786, inclusive. Enoch Ellis was chosen representative in 17S7. Seth Kingsbury was chosen representative in 1788. Shubael Downs was chosen representative in 1789. Seth Bullard was chosen representative in 1790. No representative was chosen in 1791 and 1792. Oliver Clap was chosen representative from 1793 to 1795, inclusive. Seth Bullard was chosen representative from 1796 to 1798, inclusive. Moses Ellis was chosen representative in 1799. Seth Bullard was chosen representative in 1800. William Bacon was chosen representative in 1801. Oliver Clap was chosen representative in 1802. William Bacon was chosen representative in 1803. Asa Kingsbury was chosen representative from 1804 to 1808, inclusive. Daniel Kingsbury was chosen representative from 1809 to 1816, inclusive. No representative was ohosen in 1817, 1818, and 1819. Jesse Boyden was chosen representative in 1820 and 1821. Voted not to elect a representative in 1822. Harvey Clap was chosen representative from 1823 to 1825, inclusive. Voted not to elect a representative in 1826. Joseph Hawes was chosen representative from 1827 to 1831, inclusive. Phinehas Ellis was chosen representative in 1832. Truman Clarke was chosen representative in 1833 and 1834. Joseph Hawes was chosen representative in 1835. Joshua Stetson, Jr., was chosen representative in 1836, 1837, and 183S. Emmons Partridge was chosen representative in 1839. Palmer Morey was chosen representative in 1840 and 1841. Oliver W. Allen was chosen representative in 1842 and 1843. George Bullard was chosen representative in 1844 and 1S45. Francis W. Bird was chosen representative in 1846 and 1847. Asahel Bigelow was chosen representative in 1848 and 1849. Palmer Morey was chosen representative in 1850 and 1851. Voted not to choose a representative in 1852. Henry Plimpton was chosen representative in 1853. Harvey Boyden (2d) was chosen representative in 1854. Jeremiah Allen was chosen representative in 1855 and 1856. In 1857 Representative District No. 11, Norfolk County, was formed, consisting of the towns of Milton, Sharon, Canton, and Walpole, and no representative was chosen from Walpole from 1857 to 1861, inclusive. Elbridge Piper was ohosen representative in 1862. Naaman B. Wilmarth was ohosen representative in 1863. No representative was chosen from Walpole in 1864. John M. Merrick was chosen representative in 1S65. Francis W. Bird was chosen representative in 1866. No representative was chosen in 1867. Francis W. Bird was chosen representative in 1868. No representative was chosen in 1869, 1S70, and 1871. Willard Lewis was chosen representative in 1872 and 1873. Samuel Allen was chosen representative in 1874. No representative was chosen in 1875. Francis W. Bird was chosen representative in 1876 and 1877. Henry S. Clarke was ohosen representative in 1878. No representative was chosen from Walpole in 1879 and 1880. George E. Craig was chosen representative in 1881 and 1882. months' Men. Military Record. — of persons enlisted fol iate war : Nine- Achorn, Albion G. Babbitt, Willard M. Brown, Winslow E. Baker, Stephen T. Babcock, Epriam A. Bowditch, Asa W. Duff, Robert H. Fuller, Henry C. Fisher, Nathan W. Fales, Francis H. Fisher, Albert. Fowler, Josiah. Gray, Charles L. Gilmore, James S. Gilmore, Luman W. Guild, William F. Three Years Adams, John. Allen, Joshua. Allen, Edward K. Allen, Melzar W. Achorn, Henry C. Alford, G. H. T. Blackington, James E. Bacon, Warren. Bacon, James W. Baker, Harlan P. Bacon, Charles D. Bacon, Newton W. Briggs, Benjamin M. Boyden, Frank L. Boyden, James O. Battersby, Joseph A. Brooms, John. Bailey, Philo. Bill, Horace. Borzenius, Martin. Becker, Heinrick. Brooks, Joseph R. Blitt, Lewis. Cheeney, John B. Clinton, Edward. Clark, John A. Corcoran, Cornelius. Carr, Thomas. Calvert, Robert. Cave, Joseph. Clarke, George. Cowden, Jason. The following are the names the quota of Walpole in the Hartshorn, Lowell E. Hartshorn, Frederick A. Hartshorn, Horace B. Hutchinson, James E. Nudd, John A. Nickerson, George W. Ridge, Edwin B. Rhodes, Charles J. Smith, Ruel V. Spear, Horace A. Lewis, James A. Tisdale, Francis A. Thomas, Henry A. Boyden, Frank L. Park, Ebenezer B. Men. Coates, Sylvester. Daggett, James A. Dailey, John. Dorethy, George E. Drugan, William F. Drugan, John A. Driscoll, Patrick. Dolph, William. Earley, John E. Flood, Patrick. Frizell, John W. Fisher, Albert. Fisher, Martin. Farrell, Felix L. C. Finney, Michael. Griffin, Michael. Griffin, James. Gilmore, Luman W. Gray, William H. Green, Hamilton. Gibson, Richard. Hall, Lewis A. Hartshorn, Menzies. Hartshorn, Sidney S. Heme, Patrick. Hayford, Harvey L. Hartshorn, Lowell E. Hopkins, James F. Hartshorn, George H. Hickox, Charles. Hutchins, Frank. Howard, Norman. 726 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. Haskell, Charles T. Jackson, Samuel. Kenney, Wallace. Kraufman, Christian. Lyon, William H. Lewis, George W. Lumbers, Frederick. Luce, Joseph. Mylod, Warren M. Mitchell, James A. Manter, William G. McKew, John E. Merrill, Albert F. McDonald, J. Alexander. MeGinnis, John. Morse, George H. Merrill, Albert F. Maxwell, William H. Mansfield, George. Martin, Thomas. McClair, Eugene. Nickerson, Joshua C. Piper, Samuel N. Piper, Elbridge B. Piper, Albion M. Riley, John. Richardson, N. H. F. Ramsbottom, Job. Reeney, William T. Ryan, Patrick. Ragan, James. Rummalls, Alexander T. Russell, George A. Sheriden, Frederick. Stone, Silas E. Shepard, Daniel G. Spear, Charles N, Smith, Adelbert. Smith, John H. Sturnley, Alfred. Seott, Winfield H. Sackett, Norman A. Stevens, Robert W. Tattersall, Richard. Tittatson, Eugene. Tisdale, Francis A. Whelden, John F. Wiggin, John. Washburn, Andrew. Walker, Robert H. Voung, George W. List of persons enlisted to the credit of Walpole's quota in naval service : Fairfield, George W. Needham, Patrick. O'Neil, Peter. O'Sullivan, James. O'Sullivan, Timothy. O'Brien, Thomas. O'Helhaven, Henry. O'Harriman, James. O'Brien, James. Sullivan, Daniel. Stevens, Edward. Sturtevant, Edwin. Shackley, George A. Sbackan, John F. Stephenson, George, Day, Moses, substitute for Edward P. Stetson. McCarty, John, substitute for John D. Ellis. Nixson, Isaac, substitute for Charles D. Hartshorn. Ryan, Thomas, substitute for Jerme B. Cram. Glann, Mark, substitute for George P. Morey. Campbell, George D., substitute for Charles S. Mason. One Hundred Days' Men. Fales, Milton E. Gray, Charles L. Fisher, Simon E. Kerby, Patrick. Gay, George W. Rhodes, Charles J. Gill, George H. Fisher, Nathan W. Roll of Honor. — The following is a list of the names as they appear on the new Soldiers' Memorial Tablets in the town house : "The citizens of Walpole, honoring the faithful services of their sons in aiding to suppress Rebellion, and maintain the in tegrity of the Nation, have erected these tablets. " In Memoriah. Elbridge B. Piper, died April 18, 1862, in hospital at Newberne, N. C. John W. Frizell, died May 18, 1862, in hospital at Port Royal, S. C. Patriok Heme, killed in battle at Bull Run Aug. 30, 1862. John E. McKew, killed in battle at Fredericksburg, Va., Bee, 13, 1862. Henry L. Godbold, died in hospital at Washington, D. C, Sept. 27, 1S62, of wounds received in battle. Martin L. Fisher, died Aug. 18, 1862, in New York. James S. Gilmore, died Feb. 26, 1863, in hospital. William C. Manter, died Feb. 13, 1863, in hospital at Fairfax Va. John G. Woods, died June 30, 1864, in hospital at City Point. Samuel Jackson, died July 4, 1864, in hospital at Washington D. C, of wounds received in battle. Charles N. Spear, died Oct. 29, 1864, in hospital at Newberne N. C. Lowell E. Hartshorn, died Dec. 16, 1S64, in Andersonville Prison, Ga. "Roll op Honor 1S61-1865. David W. Lewis, capt. Vt. 9th Regt. Henry L. Godbold, 1st lieut. 1st Penn. Artillery. Silas E. Stone, asst. surgeon, 23d Mass. Regt. Samuel N. Piper, q.-m. sergt., 23d Mass. Regt. James W. Bacon, sergt., 33d Mass. Regt. Jason Lewis, sergt. 46th Mass. Regt. Charles N. Spear, corp. 23d Mass. Regt. John W. Frizell, corp. 28th Mass. Regt. Wm. F. Drugan, Regt. 1. John A. Drugan, Regt. 2. Henry W. Stevens, Regt. 7. Patrick E. Driscoll, Regt. 12. Charles E. Leland, Regt. 13. 1 Regiment 18. George H. F. Alford. George W. Lewis. John Wiggin. John H. Smith. Patrick Heme. Edward Clinton. Warren Bacon. M. B. Hartshorn. Warren Mylod. Elbridge B. Piper. Melzar W. Allen. N. H. F. Richardson. John MeGinnis. George E. Dorethy. Job Ramsbottom. 'Regiment 23. Daniel G. Shepard. S. S. Hartshorn. Joshua Allen. Harlin P. Baker. Patrick Flood. Battalion 16. " Regiment 26. Henry E. Achorn. William T. Reeney. "Regiment 33. James E. Blackington. John C. Nickerson. James A. Daggett. Silas W. Nickerson. John Dailey. pred Sheridan. Miohael Griffin. George W. Young. Lewis A. Hall. John E. McKew, Regiment 35. Benjamin M. Briggs, Regiment 39. ( Regiment 42. Milton E. Fales. Patrick E. Kerby. Thomas Shea (2d). Paul V. Smith. Ebenezer B. Park. Simon E. Fisher. George W. Gay. George H. Gill. Ira Fisher. " Regiment 44. Albion G. Achorn. Winslow E. Brown. Willard M. Babbitt. Stephen T. Baker. "r°!r.S,7,.:7„,,„.,. ,,Snnn &. (ZJ^Z^c^ WALPOLE. 727 Asa W. Bowditch. Robert H. Duff. Henry C. Fuller. Nathan W. Fisher. Francis H. Fales. Albert Fisher. Charles L. Gray. James S. Gilmore. Luman W. Gilmore. L. E. Hartshorn. Fred A. Hartshorn. James E. Hutohinson. H. B. Hartshorn. John A. Nudd. George W. Nickerson. Edwin B. Ridge. Charles I. Rhoades. Francis A. Tisdale. Henry A. Thomas. James A. Lewis. Josiah Fowler. Horace A. Spear. Eiisha Morse. Patrick Kinlehan. "Regiment 56. Edward K. Allen. George H. Morse. Samuel Jackson, Regiment 58, John G. Woods, Regiment 59. Martin L. Fisher, Cavalry 1. James F. Hopkins, Battalion 1. " Cavalry 4. Patrick Ryan. Winfield H. Scott. Michael Kinney. John Brown, Cavalry 5. Frank L. Boyden, Battalion 11. Wallace Kenney, Battalion 14. John E. Earley. Julius Boyden. James 0. Boyden. "Battalion 16. James A. Battersby. Robert W. Stevens. James A. Mitchell. "First Rhode Island Artillery. William G. Manter. John Campbell. William H. Lyon. John Higgins. Albert F. Merrill. Horace C. Briggs. John A. Gray. " Navy. Samuel Guild. Moses Day. John McCarty. Isaac Nixon. "Army Substitutes for Albin M. Piper. Frederick A. Griffin. Philo Bailey. Henrich Beeker. Jason E. Cowden. Charles H. Haskall. Charles H. Kickox. Frank Hotchkiss. Christian Kaufman. George Mansfield. Thomas Ryon. Mark Glann. George D. Campbell. Walpole Men. Joseph Luce. Morten Personlius. Michael Robinson. Norman A. Sackett. George A. Russell. Alexander T. Rummall. Martin Thomas. Frederick Lumber. William Spain." BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. EVERETT STETSON. The ancestor of the Stetson family in America was Robert Stetson, who came from the county of Kent, England, and settled in Scituate in the year 1634. He was one of the most noted and valuable men in Plymouth Colony, and held many offices of trust and responsibility. Everett Stetson, seventh in descent from Robert, was the son of Capt. Joshua and Nabby (Everett) Stetson. His father was extensively en gaged in the manufacture of agricultural implements. Stetson's hoes were famed far and wide. He was an active, energetic business man, and a captain in the militia, by which title he was universally known. He had two sons, Joshua and Everett, the younger of which is the subject of this sketch. Everett Stetson was born in Walpole July 31, 1803. and died in the same town Nov. 9, 1870. He married, Oct. 6, 1825, Mary P. Adams, of Medway. Their children were Aaron E., who died in September, 1875, and Edward P., who still resides in Walpole. Mr. Stetson received a common-school and aca demic education. He learned his father's trade, and was engaged in that business from 1827 until 1830. He then entered the foundry business, in which he continued till 1845, when, finding that it could not be carried on successfully without removal to a larger centre, he started the manufacture of machine card clothing for cotton and woolen machinery. This was not an easy undertaking, and for success required perseverance, energy, and untiring industry, which characteristics Mr. Stetson possessed in a large de gree. This business he established on a firm basis, and after carrying it on for more than twenty years (from 1845 to 1867) he retired with a competency, leaving his son Edward P. as his successor. Everett Stetson was an influential member of the Congrega tional Church at Walpole for many years. He held the office of deacon from 1828 to 1870, and was also a superintendent of the Sabbath-school. By his death Walpole lost a good citizen and the church a true Christian helper. While unostentatious in his giv ing, he did not withhold a helping hand from worthy charities or public benefactions, but gave liberally. He was a man of strict integrity and many virtues, and one whose life well merited the confidence and esteem which he received. EBENEZER STONE, M.D. Dr. Ebenezer Stone was born at Sherborn, Mass., Oct. 10, 1797. He was of old New England Puritan ancestry, being of the seventh generation in lineal descent from Gregory Stone, who emigrated to New England from Nayland, Suffolk Co., England, about 1635, and became one of the earliest settlers of Cam bridge, Mass. Gregory Stone (1) married at Nayland, July 30, 1617, Margaret Garrad. She died Aug. 4, 1626, and he married as his second wife the widow Lydia 728 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. Cooper, of Dedham, Essex Co., England, who accom panied him to New England. He took the freeman's oath May 25, 1636. He was a deacon of the First Church at Cambridge, and was the last survivor of its original members. He was also a magistrate, and a representative to the General Assembly in 1638. He died at Cambridge, Nov. 30, 1672, aged eighty-two years. The eldest son of Gregory Stone (1), by his first wife, Margaret Garrad, was John Stone (2), born at Nayland, England, and baptized there, according to the parish records, July 31, 1618. He came to New England with his father, and in 1638, while still under age, settled at Sudbury, Mass., but after his father's death he inherited the homestead at Cam bridge, and resided there during the remainder of his life. He was a deacon of the church at Sudbury, and ruling elder of the church at Cambridge, and repre sentative to the General Assembly in 1682 and 1683. He married in 1639, Anne Howe, daughter of Elder Edward Howe, of Watertown, Mass., and died at Cambridge, May 5, 1683. The fourth and youngest son of John (2) and Anne (Howe) Stone, was Nathaniel Stone (3), born at Sudbury, May 11, 1660. He married, April 25, 1684, Sarah Waite, daughter of Capt. John Waite, of Maiden, Mass., and died at Framingham, Mass., October, 1732. The second son of Nathaniel (3) and Sarah (Waite) Stone, was Ebenezer Stone (4). He was born at Framingham, Mass., April 16, 1688; married May 10, 1721, Prudence Pratt, daughter of Joseph Pratt, of Framingham, and died at Framingham in 1739. Silas Stone (5), the fourth son of Ebenezer (4) and Prudence (Pratt) Stone, was born at Framingham, April 29, 1728. He married, Jan. 25, 1750, Eliza beth Russell, daughter of Deacon Jonathan Russell, of Sherborn, Mass. About 1763 he removed to Dublin, N. H., being one of the first settlers of that town, and he died there in 1777. Silas Stone (6), the fourth son of Silas (5) and Elizabeth (Russell) Stone, was born at Natick, Mass., April 5, 1755. He accompanied his father to Dublin, N. H, but after his father's death he returned to Massachusetts and settled in Sherborn, where, Jan. 9, 1781, he married Jeanette Twitchell, daughter of Deacon Jonathan Twitchell, of Sherborn. He died at Sherborn, July 12, 1820. Dr. Ebenezer Stone (7), the subject of this sketch, was the sixth son of Silas and Jeanette (Twitchell) Stone. He inherited from his father an unusual love for books, and he early decided to complete his educa tion by a collegiate course and to follow a professional career. Having pursued his preparatory studies under Rev. Joseph Wheaton, of Holliston, and Charles Train, of Framingham, he entered Brown University, and was graduated A. B. in 1820, and two years later took the second degree of A.M. After graduating from college he began the study of medicine with Dr, John Kitridge, of Framingham. He completed his medical studies at the Harvard Medical School, where he took the degree of M.D. in 1824. Soon after he settled at Walpole, Mass., where the remainder of his life was passed and where he pursued the practice of his profession nearly up to the time of his death. He married at Walpole, Nov. 23, 1831, Elizabeth Holbrook Hawes, daughter of John Holbrook and Achsah (Barber) Hawes. She was born at Roxbury, Mass., May 10, 1809, and died at Walpole, Aug. 18, 1860. Of this marriage were born six children, four sons and two daughters, all of whom, except one daughter, survived their father. Dr. Stone died Aug. 13, 1869, in the seventy-second year of his age. During the later years of his life he was assisted in his practice by his son, Dr. S. E. Stone, who had also followed the profession of medicine and who succeeded to his father's practice. The son still fills at Walpole the place so long held by his father. The life of a country physician offers few events to add interest to a sketch of the nature of this one. The record of Dr. Stone's life is simply one of ardu ous duties well and faithfully performed. Outside his professional labors, his chief interest was in the cause of education, and he gave much time and atten tion to the schools of the town, where his sound learn ing and scholarly tastes made his advice and assist ance of great value. His character is well described in the following extract from a notice of him pub lished at the time of his death : " He was remarkable for calm, deliberate considera tion of questions of importance, and the value of his judgment upon contingencies of serious result. In consequence of certain peculiarities of habit and man ner he did not escape without wounds, but he never failed to win respect for fidelity to his own convic tions. Contemplating the inevitable changes of nature and aware of his own diseased physical con dition, he looked forward to the approaching close of life with utmost serenity, — as a journey onward to another home, and a reunion with the kindred and friends who were gone before. He continued the faithful service of his life ' without haste and without rest,' until, after a few days of physical suffering, and in the confidence of Christian faith and hope, he laid down his work on earth and entered on the work and the joys of immortality." ;>•#¦¦- iy AJf.P--'--- ''" &jf^i^ V?6 s% -lAS-n^r-cC WALPOLE. 729 FRANCIS WILLIAM BIRD. Francis William Bird was born at Dedham, Mass., Oct. 22, 1809. He was son of George and Martha (Newell) Bird, and is the last survivor of eight children. His father was engaged in paper-making as early as 1807, at Mill Village, Dedham, and fol lowed that calling till 1835. His death occurred in 1854. When Francis was nine years of age his father removed to East Walpole. Francis in his early years attended school about six months of the year, and spent the rest of the time at work in his father's mill. He was then sent to Day's Academy, at Wrentham, and in 1827 entered Brown University, graduating in 1831. By reason of ill health for about one year he was compelled to desist from all mental labor. Then, with health partially restored, he decided to enter business. On April 1, 1833, he commenced business in a mill hired of and formerly run by his brother, Josiah N. Bird, at East Wal pole. This mill he bought in 1834. In 1838 he bought the mill of the Neponset Paper Company, next above him on the same stream, and soon after formed a copartnership with his father and brother- in-law under the firm-name of George Bird & Sons. In 1842, George Bird & Sons failed, and Mr. Bird passed through bankruptcy. After F. W. Bird had been cleared of his legal liabilities he again went to work at the same place and in the same business, and in a few years was able to pay all the old debts in full. He is now at the head of the firm of F. W. Bird & Son, his partner being his son, Charles Sum ner Bird. Mr. Bird has been long and prominently connected with Massachusetts politics. He was first elected as member of the Legislature of 1847. He has since been a member of that body, in 1848, 1867, 1869, 1877, and 1878. He was a member of the Execu tive Council in 1852, 1863-65 ; a member of the Constitutional Convention in 1 853, a State senator in 1871, and the Democratic candidate for the Governor ship in 1872. Mr. Bird married, in 1834, Rebecca Hill Cooke, daughter of Benoni Cooke, of Providence. Of this union one daughter was born. Mrs. Bird died in 1835, and the child in 1836. In 1843 he married Abby Frances Newell, daughter of Joseph R. Newell, of Boston. Six children have been born to them, all of whom survive except the oldest son, who died in 1874. One who has known Mr. Bird well in different re lations for more than thirty years adds the following remarks upon his character and life : " He has been a very prominent figure in the poli tics of Massachusetts from 1846 to the present time (1884). In 1846-48 he was active in the anti- slavery section of the Whig party, sometimes called " Conscience Whigs," then led by Charles F. Adams, Charles Sumner, Stephen C. Phillips, Henry Wilson, John G. Palfrey, and Charles Allen, and, though much younger than most of these gentlemen, was called into their conferences and enjoyed their confi dence. He joined the EYee-Soil movement in 1848. From that time until the abolition of slavery in the United States and the reconstruction of th'e South on the basis of equal rights, he was one of the most efficient organizers of the political movement against slavery known as Free-Soil and later Bepublican, and exercised a marked influence on its policy and nomi nations. He uniformly attended its conventions, par ticularly the State Conventions ; and his open rooms during the previous evening, where he met delegates in a friendly way and conferred as to pending ques tions and candidacies, were for a long period a centre of great interest. Altogether no man in his day has done so much to bring together in a social way those who were united by the idem sentire de republica. As Governor Andrew said of him, he 'deserved gratitude for what he had done to promote good-fel lowship.' Though a doctrinaire in his theories, Mr. Bird has in his political course kept practical re sults in view, and he efficiently promoted, in 1850, the union between the Free-Soilers aud Democrats which made Mr. Sumner senator and Mr. Boutwcll Governor. He has, however, always opposed ambigu ous and timid courses, even in seasons when popular currents were running strongly against direct and courageous action. He stood firmly in 1853-56 against the Know-Nothing, or Native American party, when his anti-slavery associates in large numbers joined in or dallied with it ; and in periods of pres sure, when many were wavering and disposed to make concessions, he always supported a radical and uncom promising policy against slavery. In all the conflicts of Massachusetts politics for twenty-five years, in all the efforts to place the State on the highest plane of moral and political antagonism to slavery, no man's counsels and co-operation were more valued. At critical periods involving public interests or their own political careers, two public men may be named who turned to him with a confidence which they gave to few others— Charles Sumner and John A. Andrew. He refused in 1872 to support President Grant for a re-election, disapproving certain features of his admin istration, and condemning particularly his unjust' treatment of Mr. Sumner. He has since acted gen erally with the Democrats, though refusing to sustain 730 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. their nominations when deeming them unworthy of support. " Mr. Bird has taken a constant interest in the affairs of bis State. He has guarded with vigilance the public treasury, and has been assiduous in pro moting what he deemed the best plans for utilizing the public property. He has often started, organized, and led the opposition to schemes for wasting the funds of the State in ruinous investments in rail roads, notably in the Hoosac Tunnel, and, after the first two loans, in the Boston, Hartford, and Erie. " As a controversialist, both in politics and in mat ters relating to public property and interests, he has hardly had a peer in the history of the State. His writings and reports in pamphlets and newspapers have been marked by a faithful study of the facts, a clear and forcible treatment of the subject, and when it seemed necessary, a trenchant discussion of individual action and conduct. " It is very rare that any man has had so wide a circle of friends, varying, indeed, opposite in their tastes and opinions. On three different occasions they have borne testimony to his worth and services, — on his fiftieth birthday, at the Revere House, in Boston, when Mr. Andrew, in behalf of himself and other intimate friends, presented him with a memorial of affection ; on the twenty-fifth anniversary of his mar riage, when, from the neighborhood and distant places, early and later friends went to East Walpole to give their congratulations ; and on the commemoration of his seventieth birthday, when he was met at the Revere House by about two hundred friends, from all walks in life, divided in pursuits and associations, and was congratulated at the dinner in speeches from gentle men well known in the public life of the State. " Without large means, Mr. Bird has observed great simplicity in his ways of life. He has suffered from ill health for a long period, but his vital force has enabled him largely to counteract physical disability. He will be remembered for his originality, freshness, and sincerity, his tender sympathies in bereavement, his loyalty in friendship, and his generous help to the unfortunate. Those whose knowledge of men has been various, find his strong personality vividly stamped on their minds, not as one of a familiar type, but separate and distinct by itself, adding a new experience of human character." CHAPTER LXII.1 MILTON. Pioneer History — The First Settlements — Stoughton, Glover, and Hutchinson — Grant of the Territory to Dorchester — Re lease of Indian Title — Cutshamoquin — Location of First Set tlements — King Philip's War — Prominent Early Settlers — Biographical Sketches of Prominent Citizens — Robert Vose, Robert Tucker, Benjamin Wadsworth, Joseph Belcher, Oxen- bridge Thatcher, John Swift, Peter Thatcher, Dr. Miller, Samuel Miller, Governor Belcher, William Foye, Col. Gooch, Governor Hutchinson, James Smith, Oxenbridge Thatcher, ¦ Jr., Samuel Swift, Nathaniel Tucker, Seth Adams, William Foye, Jr, Joseph Gooch, Benjamin Pratt, Col. Joseph Vose, , Job Sumner, John Miller, Benj. Wadsworth, W. S. Hutchin- , son, Josiah Badcock, Samuel Henshaw, Edward H. Robbins, Rufus Badcock, Thomas Thatcher, Jesse Tucker, J. S. Boies, > Nathaniel J. Robbins, John M. Forbes, Solomon Vose, Roger '. Vose, Charles P. Sumner, etc. For six years after the arrival in Massachusetts * Bay of Governor Winthrop, with the charter, in 1630, ' and the great accompanying emigration connected ¦ with this movement, all the territory comprised within the present borders of Milton remained a part of the ' undivided lands of the colony, and during this period ; three gentlemen, who were doubtless members or : stockholders of the company before they left England, — Israel Stoughton, John Glover, and William Hutch- : inson, — selected a part of the land dividends to which < they were entitled within our limits. They were ! probably attracted by certain natural advantages which ; belonged to the locality,- — the water-falls in the river, • the convenience for ship-building offered by the tide waters, an abundant supply of ship-timber, and, above i all, the fertility of much of the land. Stoughton i and Glover were prominent men in the Dorchester : plantation, and the pioneers of civilization upon this soil. Mr. Stoughton selected one hundred and sixty < acres of land connected with the lower falls, including nearly the whole of Milton Hill, and the front on the river to the bend, where the ship-yard of Mr. Briggs was located. Nearly all this property con tinued in him and his heirs for more than twenty i years, when it was sold to John Gill, in 1656. He was an active, public-spirited man, of the true Crom- wellian type, engaged in every movement for the benefit of the colony, resisting the conspiracies of the Indians, founding the college, and during the twelve years of his residence in Dorchester, the whole time occupying an important place as deputy or councilor 1 The following chapter was contributed by Mr. James M. Robbins, being an address delivered by him June 11, 1862. The original address is here presented in a condensed form, to adapt it to our work. — Editor. MILTON. 731 in the government, or commanding the forces in the Indian wars in Connecticut and Rhode Island. In 1644 he left his family and embarked for England, where he died the following year, the colonel of a Parliamentary regiment engaged in the great revolu tion of that day, Mr. Glover selected a lot directly south of Milton Hill, of one hundred and eighty acres, on the flat fronting on the northwest by the brook, and south east on the centre line of the town, where he laid out a farm, and after the annexation of this territory to Dorchester, built a house near where the brook reaches the road by Mr. Davis'. This farm was oc cupied many years by his agent or tenant, Nicholas Wood, until it was sold in 1654 by the heirs to Rob ert Vose. Mr. Glover, besides employing himself much in commerce, was often representative for Dorchester, and many years assistant or councilor. Capt. Johnson describes him as a plain, sincere, godly man, strong for the truth, and of good abilities. His name is frequently mentioned as attending the meet ings of the company in London before the emigration. He left several sons, and his posterity is numerous in New England now. Mr. William Hutchinson belonged to the Lincoln shire company, who came with Rev. Mr. Cotton and ! settled at Boston. Mount Wollaston, or Braintree, was early ceded to the town of Boston, with a view of supplying the inhabitants of the peninsula with such lands as they might desire. Mr. Hutchinson laid out a large tract, doubtless supposing it to be within the Braintree line, but when a survey was made in laying out the towns of Braintree and Dor chester, a large part of Hutchinson's lot was found to fall within the line of the latter town ; in fact, in cluded the whole east corner of the town of Milton, besides a large tract within the Braintree line. The title, however, was confirmed to him, including all the land east of Gulliver's brook to the present Quincy line, and was sold in 1656 by his son, Capt. Edward Hutchinson, to Anthony Gulliver, Stephen Kinsley, and Henry Crane. Mr. Hutchinson's career in Massachusetts was very soon terminated through the proceedings instituted by the colony and clergy against his wife, Ann Hutch inson, upon the charge of heresy, of which she and some of her adherents were convicted, by a synod held at Cambridge, and banished from the colony. Edward, the son of William Hutchinson, soon re turned to Boston, and spent a long life as a most active and useful citizen in Massachusetts, and was finally killed in the service of the colony at Brook- field, in Philip's war, 1676, in command of a cavalry corps. His posterity made a figure for four genera tions, in almost every post, civil and military, in the colony. Governor Hutchinson, his great-grandson, was long connected with the town. In 1636 the town of Dorchester obtained a grant of nearly the whole territory now comprising the town of Milton, which was the first of a liberal series of grants made by the colony to that important town. This movement was the signal for the commence ment of the actual occupation and settlement of Mil ton, and the twenty-five years which passed, during the connection with Dorchester until the independent establishment of the town, sufficed to collect about thirty families, with which the town's separate career began. It was usual, in occupying new territory at that time, to obtain a release of the Indian title from their chiefs; and accordingly, in October, 1636, the Neponset Sagamore Cutshamoquin, for twenty-eight fathoms of wampum conveys, for the use of the Dor chester plantation, all the land south of Neponset to the Blue Hills, to Bichard Collicot (town corpora tions not then created), reserving certain lands which he had heretofore given to Callicot for himself. Mr. Collicot's name appears among the early inhabitants^ of Dorchester, and he is mentioned as a licensed fur- dealer, which occupation seems to have brought him early into intimate relations with the native Indians. He obtained a lot of one hundred and twenty acres at Unquety (doubtless the Pratt farm), and built there a house, perhaps the first dwelling in the town. He seems to have been a most active and useful man, — selectman and deputy for the town of Dorchester, officer of the artillery company, member of the Synod at Cambridge ; at one time trading with the settlements in Maine, now aiding Governor Endicott in the Narragansett war, then assisting the apostle Eliot in collecting the Indians for religious service at the falls, — an energetic, ubiquitous man, whose permanent residence it is difficult to fix, but his con nection with our settlement is traced during fifty years. He was trustee of our meeting-house fund in 1664. He died at Boston, 1686. John Holman procured a grant of one hundred and ten acres adjoining Collicot (the Rowe farm), and settled there very early, and the property re mained in his family nearly a century. The Stough ton and Hutchinson lots occupied all the northeast front of the town, excepting the space between Gul liver's Brook and a line crossing the road near the Swift house, which space was divided into three lots, fronting on the marshes, — the first or north lot, of one hundred and twenty acres, occupied by Wil liam Daniels, who built his house near the Foye 732 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. mansion ; 1 the second, of sixty acres, laid out by Ne hemiah Bourne, a London ship-carpenter living at Boston, who never occupied it, but returned to Eng land with Stoughton, and became a major in his regi ment ; the third lot, of fourteen acres, fronting on Gulliver's Creek, laid out for Bray Wilkins, a Dor chester man, who was licensed in 1638 to keep a ferry across Neponset, to facilitate the intercourse be tween Boston and Mount Wollaston before the roads were made. The Massachusetts colony was at this time much favored by Cromwell, for their early sympathy and co-operation in the revolution, while all the other colonies, adhering to the Stuarts, were punished with restrictions and embarrassments. An exemption from duties, and free trade with all the world, was permit ted to Massachusetts, and this stimulated the business of ship-building. Several persons of this calling took up their residence here, in the east part of the town, such as William Salisbury, Anthony Newton, Walter Morey, and others. It is probable they were occupied in building small vessels (of thirty or forty tons) called shallops, much used about the bay in fishing and coast ing trade, and they undoubtedly used the head of the tide on Gulliver's Creek, where the town still owns the landing, as such craft could easily be floated out at spring tides, and that location was more convenient to get the timber than the banks of the river. The residence of these persons was mainly in that vicinity. At this period the principal occupants of the place were located in the eastern section of the town, and the latter part of the time they were exempted from contributing to the support of the Dorchester Church, by reason of having provided themselves with religious instruction in conjunction with some persons from Braintree. No record exists of their place of worship or who taught them. It is probable that Stephen Kinsley — who was ordained with much formality as a ruling elder at Braintree in 1653, and had moved on to the Hutchinson purchase — first officiated in that place, which was the only public service held in the town until the erection of the first meeting-house, in 1671, built on the land set apart and appropriated to that purpose by Robert Vose on a part of his farm (near Mr. Barnard's). Mr. Kinsley had been an L On Sept. 24, 1653, at a meeting of the Commissioners of the United Colonies, holden at Boston, recorded, — " Having learned that the wife of William Daniels hath, for three years past, be stowed much of her time in teaching several Indians to read, think fit to allow her £12 for the time past; and to encourage her to continue the same course, that more of the Indians may be taught by her, think fit to allow her £3 more beforehand, towards another year." inhabitant and representative of Braintree several years before he moved here, and he was the first rep resentative of Milton. The petition for incorporation was drawn by him, and is among the archives of the State, signed by himself, Robert Vose, and John Gill, as a committee of the inhabitants. The principal argument used was the necessity of providing legally for public worship. " The elders continued to be consulted in every affair of importance as long as the charter continued. The share they had in temporal affairs added to the weight they had acquired from their spiritual employ ments, and they were in high esteem."2 There were a few scattered farms in other parts of the town. Samuel Wadsworth, a young man, son of a Plymouth pilgrim, moved here from Duxbury, and selected a large lot running from the centre of the town, to the southeast line, a mile or more from any other inhabitant. John Fenno, of Dorchester, occu pied a lot near the burying-ground. Robert Badcock occupied a large lot between the river and the brook, next to Mr. Vose. All the west portion of the town was run out into lots, about sixteen hundred and fifty, and divided among the inhabitants of Dorchester, magistrates and ministers receiving large lots, and persons of less note small strips a mile long and hardly wide enough to build a corn-barn upon. Of these, the Brush Hill lots were first occupied, but there is no sufficient evidence of the presence of inhabitants there before the incorporation. The main landing-place on the river was originally designed by Mr. Stoughton to have been fixed where Mr. Brigg's ship-yard was located, but was changed to its present site, near the falls, on petition of John Gill, in 1658. Four hundred acres of land in the centre of the town was laid out for the benefit of the Dorchester Church, in 1659 ; afterwards divided with the Milton Church. The Neponset tribe of Indians were removed from their proximity to our settlement in 1656, and placed on a large tract of land at Punkapog, granted to them by the town of Dorchester, at the urgent solicitation of Mr. Eliot, who regarded the movement as essential to their welfare. " I will now advert," says Mr. Robbins, " to another subject which seems to belong to this period, and which by some may be considered too uncertain to merit a place in our history. A certain locality within our present borders has long been known, without any data as to the origin of the name, as Scotch Woods. The explanation I am about to offer ; Hutchinson, vol. iii. p. 181. MILTON. 733 is unsupported by any record, and is entirely con jectural with myself. In 1643, John Winthrop, Jr., came from England, and brought one thousand pounds' worth of stock and divers workmen to begin an iron-work. He had formed in England a com- ¦ pany for this purpose. The General Court of Mas sachusetts encouraged the enterprise by granting a monopoly for twenty-one years, freedom from taxes and trainipgs of the laborers, and a very liberal grant of the colonial lands to be made when the works were completed. The town of Boston was greatly interested in the undertaking, and the location of the works at Braintree was encouraged by a grant of three thousand acres of land, still belonging to Boston, at that place. This tract is the same laud which was purchased seventy years afterwards, in 1711, by Manasseh Tucker, Samuel Miller, and John Wadsworth, of Milton, and divided by the court be tween Braintree and Milton at that time. The fifteen hundred acres attached to our jurisdiction forms the present Scotch Woods settlement. In 1651 two of the largest stockholders of this iron company, re siding in London, viz., John Beex and Bobert Rich, chartered a large ship, bound to Jamaica, to touch at Boston and land there two hundred and seventy-two Scotch prisoners taken from a lot of eight thousand prisoners captured by Cromwell, Sept. 3, 1 650, at the battle of Dunbar. The ship arrived at Boston in May, 1651, and landed the prisoners consigned to the agent of the iron-works, and their names are all recorded in the Boston records." In July of the same year the Rev. John Cotton wrote a letter to Cromwell, as follows : " The Scots whom God delivered into your hands at Dunbar, and whereof sundry were sent hither, we have been desirous to make their yoke easy. Such as were sick of the scurvy or other diseases have not wanted physic and chirurgy. They have not been sold for slaves to perpetual servitude, but for six or eight years, as we do our own, and he that bought the most of them, I believe, buildetb houses for them, for every four an house, layeth some acres of land thereto, which he giveth them as their own, requiring three days in the week to work for him (by turns), and four days for themselves, and promiseth as soon as they can repay him the money he laid out for them, he will set them at liberty." We infer from these circumstances that Beex and Rich, for themselves or the company, thinking to get some income from their land, which without laborers was unproductive and inconvertible, embarked in this speculation, and the mode of disposing of the prison ers mentioned by Cotton was only a form necessary to satisfy the public mind in the matter, and the men were employed on this land belonging to the freighters of the ship in the way described in this letter ; and thus originated the name, Scotch Woods, ever since attached to the spot. This supposition is confirmed by an act of the General Court, a.d. 1652, ordering that all Scotchmen and negroes shall train, — referring, doubtless, to their first law exempting the laborers of the iron company from this duty. These persons may have been employed in cutting wood or collect ing bog-ore for the iron company.1 The result of this operation was that after a large outlay of capital it was found that every pound of iron made cost more than two pounds imported from Europe ; the com pany failed, the sheriff seized their effects, and their laborers were dispersed and mixed up with the gen eral population of the country. The land was prob ably a conditional grant, and reverted to the town of Boston, from which corporation our townsmen bought it. The records of the town for nearly eight years from the beginning are missing, excepting that of a few births. Two years after the organization, Robert Vose made a deed of eight acres of land (for a meet ing-house and other ministerial purposes) to eighteen trustees, probably every church member or freeman in the town.2 No church organization was formed here till 1678, but the principal inhabitants were members of the Dorchester and Braintree churches. Of these eighteen persons eight have descendants still among us, and these families have inhabited the town during its whole existence, viz. : Robert Vose, Samuel Wadsworth, Anthony Gulliver, Robert Bad cock, Thomas Swift, George Sumner, Robert Tucker, and Henry Crane. The first tax-list on record, of fifty-nine persons, is dated 1674, and the name of only one of our present families, Teague Crehore, is added to the above list of trustees in the interval from 1664 to 1674. Many of the lots in the west ern part of the town were soon occupied, especially at Brush Hill. George Sumner, whose father, William Sumner, of Dorchester, had drawn one of the large lots in that locality, occupied the same in 1662. Robert Tucker, who had resided more than twenty years at Weymouth, came and purchased several ad joining lots. He brought a family of four sons and three daughters ; his oldest son twenty-two years of 1 Governor Bradstreet writes, twenty years later, that some of the Dunbar prisoners were still in bondage. 2 Robert Vose, John Gill, Richard Collicot, Anthony Gulliver, William Daniels, Robert Redman, Anthony Newton, William Salisbury, Stephen Kinsley, Samuel Wadsworth, James Hough ton, John Fenno, Henry Crane, David Homes, Robert Tucker, Robert Badcock, Thomas Vose, Thomas Swift. 734 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. Thomas Swift, son of T. Swift, of Dorchester, mar ried the only daughter of Mr. Vose, and is supposed to have occupied a part of the Glover farm, conveyed to him by his father-in-law. Ten years passed from the date of the incorporation before a new meeting-house was built, the small ac commodation for worship in the eastern part of the town being made to suffice. Mr. Joseph Emerson officiated as the first minister for several years, under adverse circumstances part of the time. Great diffi culty existed in the currency. The whole town, and a part of the adjoining town of Braintree, with all their zeal for religious instrnction, could not raise fifty-three pounds, or one hundred and seventy-five dollars, per annum, the stipulated salary. Mr. Emer son, who at first was passed about from one parish ioner to another, made shift to live without embar rassment, but venturing to marry the daughter of the Rev. Edward Bulkly, of Concord, and establish a house of his own, " the country pay," as it was called, in which he received most of his dues, compelled him to open a running account with every man in the parish. Misunderstandings ensued, rendering his po sition disagreeable, and he accepted an invitation to settle at Mendon, and left the town in 1669. Some other occurrences, simultaneous with this period, which affected the whole colony, as well as our town, deserve mention. We had grown up into a vigorous community in a space of thirty-five years, not by the fostering care of the mother-country, but by her neglect and engross- ¦ ing engagements elsewhere, although it must be con fessed we did receive some encouragement from the partiality of Master Oliver. Now, in 1660, all this is over; the king is restored again, and some active enemies of Massachusetts in England enter sundry complaints against us, and make the charge of various violations of the charter. The king appointed four commissioners, armed with full power, to come over and examine all grievances and correct all abuses. We had coined money without authority, encroaching on the king's privilege ; we had prohibited the exer cise of all forms of worship except our own, especially that of the English Church, and would not allow the privileges of citizenship except to professors of a certain creed ; and then we had sheltered certain regicides, who had compassed the death of the king's father, and had committed various other misde meanors. The arrival of these commissioners caused much anxiety, and all the skill and diplomacy of our wisest men were used to parry these charges. Finally, by giving up the matter of church membership as a qualification of voters, promising to make no more pine-tree shillings, and making a sham effort to ar rest the regicides, the commissioners went home, and the colony retained for a time longer the charter. This result, so earnestly hoped for, was aided greatly by sundry ship-loads of masts and other presents to the king. The great benefit to the colony was the extension of the right of suffrage, which till then had been confined to a small part of the community ; and the consent of the colony to tolerate in the future the service of the English Church, had the beneficial ef fect of so far liberalizing the colonial government that no further prosecutions against other sects as heretical were enforced. The extreme rigor which characterized the first years of the colony was in some degree mitigated when our town commenced its corporate existence. Now commences a great struggle, which threatens the very existence of the colony, — Philip's Indian war. Philip, a name given by the English to the second son of Massasoit, the sachem of the Pokanoket Indians, with whom the Plymouth Pilgrims enter tained such friendly relations, was now at the head of the tribe living at Mount Hope, — a restless, am bitious person, and possessed of much ability. He entertained the opinion that the English would soon control the whole country and destroy the native population, and conceived the idea that by the united action of all the native tribes they might be resisted or driven away. He cautiously enlisted the co-oper ation of most of the other tribes of New England in his plan. The matter was communicated to the au thorities by one of Mr. Eliot's praying Indians of Natick. All New England was aroused. The Indians had acquired great skill in the use of fire-arms, and the number of fighting men among them was supposed to be superior to those of the whites. Philip ap peared with a large force near Swanzey. But the hope of detaching some of the tribes from the alliance induced the government to send Capt. Edward Hutch inson with a company of horse to Brookfield, to ne gotiate with the Nipmug tribe. Hutchinson had a farm at Marlborough, and was personally known to the chiefs of this tribe, and they designated him as a person they would treat with. By appointment he, with a part of his men, went to meet them in a wood or swamp, where a large body of Indians were con cealed. Hutchinson and sixteen of his men were shot, mostly dead. He was carried down to Marl borough, and died a day or two after. This settled the character of the struggle, and a war of extermination began, which lasted fourteen MILTON. 735 months, during which almost every man in New England capable of bearing arms was called into service. The Indians appeared in force in every di rection, — in the Old Colony at Scituate, Plymouth, and Rehoboth ; on Connecticut River at Northamp ton and Springfield ; in Middlesex at Groton and Sudbury ; also in Rhode Island, Connecticut, and Maine. Milton, being more sheltered than many other towns, became the refuge of several families from more exposed places, some of whom are still here by their descendants. Edward Adams came from Medfield, Roger Sumner and Ralph Houghton from Lancaster, and Thomas Davenport from Casco Bay. The Neponset Indians at Punkapog did not appear to belong to the conspiracy ; but, to make matters sure, the men of the tribe were all placed under the command of Quartermaster Thomas Swift, and re moved first to Long Island in Boston harbor, and afterwards brought up to Milton. Maj. Gookin, in his Indian History, says that Mr. Eliot and him self met every other week, in the winter of 1676, among the Punkapog Indians, who were brought from Long Island and placed near Brush Hill, in Milton, under the care of Quartermaster Swift. They came up late from the island, yet they planted some ground procured for them by Maj. Swift, and they got some little corn. Their wives and children were there with them. The great interest to Milton in this affair arose from the death of Capt. Wadsworth and several young men belonging to the town. Samuel Wads worth, already mentioned as an early inhabitant, soon after his arrival married Miss Abigail Lindall, of Duxbury, and spent most of his adult life here. He was an active, intelligent person, named in the Dor chester records before the incorporation of Milton, was always occupied with the affairs of the planta tion and the town, zealous in church matters and the military organization, frequently chosen selectman and representative, and also a justice to settle small causes. In the war of 1675-76 he was appointed captain of a company raised in this vicinity, partly in Milton, to serve the colony. John Sharpe, of Brookline, was his lieutenant. In April, 1676, he was ordered to move with his company to Marl borough, to relieve Capt. Brocklebank, of Rowley, supposed to be in peril at that place. Wadsworth and his company arrived safe and unmolested. On the 21st of April news came to him that the Indians were burning the houses at Sudbury, the adjoining town. Wadsworth started with his company of eighty men to meet the foe. Seeing a few Indians, he pursued them into a swamp, when suddenly, from all directions, emerged a cloud of savages, greatly outnumbering his force. He secured a retreat to a neighboring hill, which he successfully defended four hours, with the loss of five men only. His ammuni tion was expended. The Indians set fire to the wood, when an attempt was made by the troops to force their way through the savage horde, and Wadsworth, Sharpe, Brocklebank, and sixty-five men met their death. Fifteen only escaped to tell the tale. The names of his Milton companions are not preserved. Capt. Wadsworth left five sons, all of whom were respectable men. His youngest son, Benjamin, be came president of Harvard College, and erected a monument to his father, at Sudbury, which was re newed, in 1852, by the State. The war-ended in August, 1676, with the death of Philip by the hand of one of his own men. The In dians had previously met defeat in every direction. Some of the leaders were executed at Boston ; many prisoners were sent to the West India Islands and sold as slaves, and those who escaped fled to tribes in the West. No formidable attack from the natives ever disturbed the colony again, except as allies of our French neighbors in Canada or instigated by them. The year 1682 closed the career of two of the oldest inhabitants, Bobert Vose and Robert Tucker,1 both over eighty years. Mr. Vose is not mentioned in the Dorchester records until about the time of his purchase of the Glover farm in 1654 ; he was then past middle life, and his three children already of adult age. We have no means of knowing his antece- dents. His whole career here exhibits him as a public-spirited man, who had brought up his children with care, and who spared no efforts to establish our community upon the surest foundation. Mr. Tucker had been residing in Weymouth, and all his large family were doubtless born in that place. He came to Milton about the time of the incorporation, and purchased several of the lots laid out and drawn by the inhabitants of Dorchester at Brush Hill. He was selected by Blr. Vose as one of the trustees of the church lot, was selectman and representative, also re- 1 Robert Tucker was at Weymouth about the time that town was incorporated, in 1635, and is believed to have accompanied a, certain association which came to New England about that time with the Rev. Mr. Hull, from the town of Weymouth, in Dorsetshire, giving that name to Wessagusset. This conjecture is strengthened by the fact that several prominent families of the name of Tucker are inhabitants of that county. John Tucker, a resident of Weymouth, represented the borough of Weymouth and Melcom Regis in Parliament, twenty years in succession, previous to our Revolution. 736 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. corder of the town. He was held in much esteem by his neighbors. He left a large family of four sons and four daughters, and his character and education during a long period exercised an important influence here. His handwriting indicates a gentleman familiar with the pen. In 1680 the town was provided with a respectable house of public worship and a regularly organized church. In 1690 two sons of the town received their degrees at Harvard, viz., Benjamin Wadsworth and Joseph Belcher. Benjamin Wadsworth, youngest son of Capt. Sam uel Wadsworth, was born at Milton in 1669, grad uated at Harvard in 1690, studied for the ministry, settled at the First Church in Boston in 1696, and, after a pastoral service of thirty years, was elected to preside over his Alma Mater at Cambridge, — a place which he filled with great acceptance twelve years, till his death, in 1737. His character is portrayed in a sermon by Rev. Thomas Foxcroft, and also more at length by Rev. William Emerson. Dr. Chauncy speaks of him as " a man of good learning, most pious, humble, and prudent, and an excellent, plain, pathetical preacher." His death occurred at Cam bridge. He left a widow, but no children.1 Joseph Belcher, son of Joseph and Rebecca (Gill) Belcher, was born at Milton in 1668. He inherited a large property from his grandfather, John Gill, when he was fifteen years of age, was educated for the ministry, ordained and settled at Dedham in 1693, where he officiated thirty years with much sat isfaction, and died in 1723. His family of two sons and three daughters returned to Milton, and for a time occupied their paternal estate at Milton Hill (the Hutchinson property). The eldest son, Joseph, graduated at college in 1717, lived here in 1734, and was selectman of the town. Their property at Milton Hill was sold about 1740 to Thomas Hutchinson, and the residue of the Stoughton purchase, being the vil lage property, was sold to Jeremiah Smith in 1741. The family left the town at that time. Cotton Mather preached Mr. Belcher's funeral ser mon. He calls him " a tree of righteousness, who had all the fruits of the Holy Spirit growing upon them. Among the articles of his piety was conspicuous, well- 1 John Wadsworth, son of Deacon John and Elizabeth Wads worth, of Milton, born in 1703, graduated at Harvard College in 1723, studied for the ministry, and was ordained at Canter bury, Conn., Sept. 3, p.729. He married Abigail Sproat, of Middleborough, separated from his parish, and returned to Milton in 1742, which was his principal residence until his death, in 1766. He officiated in several other places pro fessionally. governed speech, and the management of the tongue, with which he prevented what the ancients consid ered as making half the sins of our lives, a gentle manly temper and carriage, with a sweetness of dis position which was a varnish upon these virtues, and added more lustre unto them." As a preacher he was greatly admired and followed. Oxenbridge Thatcher, the eldest son of Rev. Peter Thatcher, was born at Milton in 1681, educated for college by his father, entered at Harvard before the age of fourteen, and graduated in 1698. He is said to have studied for the ministry, and, after preachin<* a few times, changed his calling, and engaged in trade at Boston, where he lived some twenty-five years, and was occasionally representative of that town. After his father's death he returned to Milton, and occu pied his place on Thatcher's plain some forty years. He represented Milton occasionally, and died here in 1772, at the advanced age of ninety-one years. He is better known as the father of an eminent son, Oxenbridge Thatcher, the distinguished lawyer and patriot, who died at Boston in 1767, at the early age of forty-five years. John Swift was the oldest son of Deacon Thomas Swift. He was born here in 1679, graduated at Harvard in 1697, and was settled as minister at Framingham, where he died, after a long service, in 1745. Mr. Peter Thatcher, the second son of our minis ter, was born in 1688, graduated at Harvard College in 1706, and, after studying the clerical profession, was ordained and settled in Middleborough in 1709, and continued there thirty-five years, until his death, in 1744. Rev. Thomas Prince, of the Old South Church, published his life, as an example of zeal and success as a revival preacher. Dr. Ebenezer Miller was the second son of Samuel Miller. He was born at Milton Hall in 1703, was prepared for college by Mr. Thatcher, and graduated at Harvard in 1722. He commenced the study of divinity at once, and soon manifested a bias for the Episcopal form of worship. A few gentlemen at Braintree, with similar tendencies, proposed to estab lish a church there, having assurances of aid from England for the furtherance of this project. For this purpose Mr. Miller was encouraged to proceed'to Eng land and procure Episcopal ordination (no Episcopal organization existing here). He was ordained by the Bishop of London as deacon and priest, received the degrees of Master of Arts from the University of Oxford in 1727 and Doctor of Theology in 1747, and was appointed missionary to Braintree by the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts. MILTON. He returned, and forthwith entered upon his duties, and continued there until his death, thirty-six years afterwards. Many persons of that persuasion in the neighboring towns attended his ministrations. It is believed he was the first native of the Puritan colony authorized to preach under the Episcopal form. The Miller family are supposed to have emigrated early from Dorchester to Rehoboth, and during the Indian war, in 1676, to have left the latter place. Mr. Samuel Miller first appeared in Milton about 1688, possibly led hither by the attractions of Miss Rebecca Belcher, with a nice jointure of sixty acres of land on Milton Hill, all of which became his on his marriage in 1690. He built his house on the lot at that time (the house stood where Mr. Dudley's resi dence now is, and was taken down some fifty years ago), and there his numerous family were born. He was afterwards, in 1711, one of the Scotch Woods purchasers, and his eldest son, Col. Samuel Miller, built his house there at an early day, and the prop erty continued in the family until the Revolution, when, in 1776, Stephen Miller, of the third genera tion, a much respected inhabitant of our town, joined the royalist party and emigrated to the province of New Brunswick, where he lived more than forty years, and died in 1817, aged ninety-one. He left numerous descendants, who are still among the most respectable inhabitants of that province. His house was the one now owned by Dr. Palmer. Allusion has already been made to the acquisition of the Blue Hill lands, in 1711, by the purchase, from the town of Boston, of three thousand acres formerly granted to the iron company, and which reverted to that town from breach of condition. The grantees were Manasseh Tucker, Samuel Miller, and John Wadsworth, all of Milton. The court refused to annex the whole purchase to Milton, but decreed that it should be divided as to jurisdiction between the towns of Braintree and Milton, fifteen hundred acres to each. In addition to the foregoing, a large tract of land (doubtless a part of the new grant made to Dorchester in 1637), containing, perhaps, one thousand acres, bounded on the southeast by the Blue Hill River, and northwest by the old Milton line, was passed into our limits by consent of the town of Dorchester. This latter piece contains Houghton's pond, and all the lands within our borders above the stone monument near the late Thomas Hunt's house. By these acquisitions, in 1712-13, the area of the town was extended about two thousand five hundred acres, nearly one-third of its present surface. The Blue Hill purchasers sold a portion of their lands 47 before a division took place, reserving, however, a large part of the best of it for their own posterity. Deacon Manasseh, the youngest son of Robert Tucker, was about fifty-seven years of age at the time of the purchase, and continued to reside at the old home stead at Brush Hill till his death, in 1743, aged eighty-nine years ; but his eldest son, Capt. Samuel, then about twenty-six years old, laid out a farm, and moved very soon to the new purchase. The same was done by young Samuel Miller, as already related, and one of Deacon Wadsworth's sons occupied the lot next adjoining the old Wadsworth property. The remainder was soon sold to other persons, and has ever since formed an important section of the town. We have now, 1730, reached a new era in our history,— the ordination of another minister, the building of a new meeting-house, and a considerable accession to our taxable property by the settlement among us of sundry persons of wealth and importance from the neighboring town of Boston. The Rev. John Taylor, after preaching several months, was invited to settle here, and was ordained on the 13th of November, 1728. Mr. Foxcroft, of the Old South Church, Boston, preached the ordina tion sermon, which is in print. Mr. Taylor was born in Boston in 1704, and was the son of Mr. John Taylor, who came to Boston from Wales in the latter part of the seventeenth century. Mr. Taylor, the elder, married Ann Wins low, the daughter of Edward Winslow, of the Pilgrim family. (She survived her son, and died in Milton in 1773, at the advanced age of ninety-five years.) Shortly after the birth of the Bev. Mr. Taylor, his parents removed to the island of Jamaica, where they had four more children, viz.: Col. William Taylor, whose descendants are still with us, and three daugh ters. Mr. Taylor, the father, died in Jamaica, and his widow, with her young family, returned to her native country. She educated her son John at Har vard College, where he graduated in 1721, in the class with Dr. Charles Chauncy, with whom he kept up an intimate friendship until his death. Two years after his settlement here he married Elizabeth, the daughter of Rev. Nathaniel Rogers, of Portsmouth, N. H. They had three sons and one daughter. Mrs. Taylor died in 1735, at the early age of twenty-seven years, and some years afterwards Mr. Taylor married the sister of his first wife, Miss Dorothy Rogers, who survived her husband. Mr. Taylor left three sons and one daughter, Mrs. Ann Gilman, of Exeter. Mr. Taylor died here in 1750, at the age of forty- six years. The births of his children, as recorded in the Mil- 738 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. ton records, are, — John, born in 1731 ; Nathaniel, born in 1734; William, born in 1735; and Ann, his only daughter, born in 1732, married Nicholas Gil man, of Exeter, State treasurer of New Hampshire, parents of Governor John Taylor Gilman, Nicholas Gilman, of the United States Senate from 1805 to 1814, and Nathaniel Gilman, of the Senate of New Hampshire. The new inhabitants referred to at this time were the Governor of the province, Jonathan Belcher; the provincial treasurer, Mr. Foye; Col. Joseph Gooch, James Smith, Thomas Hutchinson, and others. I presume this movement was caused in a great degree by the uncertain condition of the Massachusetts cur rency, which rendered real estate investments de sirable for capitalists. The Indian wars, and more particularly the wars with our French neighbors, who possessed the present British provinces of Nova Scotia and Canada,- — wars precipitated upon the New Eng land colonies by the complications of European politics rather than any direct cause of quarrel be tween the contending parties, — had involved the province in great indebtedness, which was followed by the usual expedients of paper promises. The precious metals had entirely vanished, and the whole currency consisted of provincial bills, for which no redemption was provided. Within ten years, ending with 1728, their value had fallen one-half, and a pros pect of further depreciation was in full view. None of these parties continue among us by their posterity at the present day, but their improvements are still visible, and their presence here added value to prop erty, gave additional importance to our community, and they require a slight notice on this occasion. Jonathan Belcher, the son of Andrew Belcher, a rich merchant of Boston, was born there in 1681. He was educated with care, and graduated at Har vard College in 1699. An exemplary youth, and the chief hope of his father, after leaving college he trav eled abroad, and spent six years in visiting various parts of Europe, and during this time made the ac quaintance of a young Hanoverian prince, who after wards became king of England as George II. , a cir cumstance which influenced Belcher's subsequent fortunes.1 He came home, and busied himself in his father's mercantile operations. In 1706 he mar ried the daughter of William Partridge, Lieutenant- Governor of the provinces of Massachusetts and New Hampshire, who then resided at Piscataqua, now Portsmouth. The newspapers contained a long de- 1 At this time he formed an intimacy with Dr. Isaac Watts, the poet, with whom he kept up a continued correspondence till the death of the latter, in 1748. scription of the wedding. His father died in 1717, having been many years member of the Council, and Jonathan is immediately chosen to fill his place, in herits his fortune, and invests largely in lands in Western Massachusetts and Connecticut. About the year 1727 he purchased a considerable landed prop erty here of Thomas Holman and Samuel Kinsley (the present Rowe estate). Soon after this he was sent to England, as agent of the province, to adjust several important matters, in his absence occurred the death of Governor Burnet, at Boston ; and Bel cher, being in London, obtained the appointment of Governor of Massachusetts, and arrived at Boston with his commission in 1730.2 His administration continued eleven years, and needs no comment, as it is a part of the provincial history. He soon began his improvements here, built his house, and laid out his grounds, much under the supervision of Col. Samuel Swift, second son of Deacon Thomas Swift. His style of living differed very much from the or dinary mode of life here. His official position and fortune justified the maintenance of a large retinue of servants and equipages, and entertaining much company from abroad.3 His public duties prevented him from spending much time here, and the man agement of his property devolved mainly upou his son Andrew. Governor Belcher was removed from his office in 1741, principally by the influence of a powerful party, known as the Land Bank projectors, whose schemes he opposed. He was afterwards appointed Governor of New Jersey, where he died, in 1756, after a service of ten or twelve years. He was the founder and pro moter of Princeton University in that State, and President Burr preached his funeral sermon, wherein his virtues are highly exalted, and his valuable ser vices in relation to the institution fully stated. His son Andrew continued in occupation of the family 2 Governor Belcher seems to have had no dislike to a little pa rade, although he is usually described as a very humble Christian gentleman. He came from England in the " Blandford" frigate, his expected arrival having previously been announced, and great preparations made at Boston for his reception. Dr. Isaac Watts, the poet, an intimate friend of Belcher, wrote an ode of some ten verses on the occasion, which was printed in the News-Letter. I recollect two lines of them, which I saw in a newspaper many years ago. 3 In May, 1740, Governor Belcher's servant ran away, and was thus advertised : " The Governour's Negro Juba having absented himself, it is desired whoever may find him would convey him home. He had on when he went away a Gold laced Hat, a Cinnamon coloured Coat, with large flat brass Buttons, and cuffed with red. Cloth, a dark coloured Waste-coat edged with a, worsted Lace, leather Breeches, yarn Stockings, a pair of trimmed Pumps, with a very large pair of flowered Brass Buckles." MILTON. 739 property in Milton many years, and often represented the town in the Legislature ; he died here in 1771.1 In 1776 the Belcher house was burned. It was then occupied by the two Mrs. Belchers, — the Governor's widow, an elderly lady, and Andrew's widow, much younger, — both without children. They took refuge during the winter with their friend, Mrs. Forbes, then living at Brush Hill. Madam B. died soon after, and the younger lady returned to England. The estate then passed into the hands of John Rowe, Esq., a large capitalist of Boston. Mr. William Foye bought his property here of the Daniels family, in 1728. He was a native of Boston, son of a Huguenot Frenchman, was about fifty years of age when he came here, and had before employed himself in commerce. About this time he was elected treasurer of the province, and filled that station dur ing part of Governor Belcher's term. He died here about 1759. at an advanced age, leaving a widow and daughter, both of whom lived to a great age ; also a son William, noticed among the college graduates. The daughter, Miss Elizabeth Foye, died here in 1807, in her ninetieth year. Dr. Samuel Gardiner, who practiced physic here before the Revolution, married Mr. Foye's granddaughter, Miss Mary Cooper. Col. Joseph Gooch came to Milton, from Braintree, about the year 1740. He bought land of the Miller family, built the Churchill house on Milton Hill, and lived here some thirty years. The best account of him I have seen is in the diary of President John Adams (no friend of Gooch, certainly), being part of a letter written to Jonathan Mason. " Joseph Gooch," he writes, " a native, I believe, of Boston, had a considerable property, and was reputed to be very rich. He had been educated at the Temple, in England, and returned to Boston to practice law, but had very little success. He had been a man of pleas ure, and bore the indelible marks of it on his face to the grave. He was extremely ambitious, and the Bev. Mr. Niles, of Braintree, who was well acquainted with him, told me he was the most passionate man lie ever knew. Not succeeding much at the bar in Bos ton, he had recourse to religion to assist him ; he joined the Old South Church, to avail himself of the influence of the sisterhood and set up for represen tative of the town of Boston, but failed ; and disap pointed of his hopes in law and politics, he renounced the city, came up to Braintree, hired a house, turned churchman, and set himself to intriguing for promo- 1 His second son, Jonathan, graduated at Harvard College in 1728, went to England and studied law at the Temple, resided some years in England, and afterwards served as Governor and chief justice of Nova Scotia, where he died in 1776. tion, both in military and civil departments. He in terceded with the favorites of Governor Shirley, in this place, to procure him the commission of colonel in the regiment of militia, and an election for repre sentative of the town in the General Court. He promised to build a steeple to their church at his own expense. Assiduous importunity was employed with the Governor to procure him the command of the regiment, but this could not be obtained without cashiering the colonel then in possession. Col. John Quincy had been in public life from his early youth, had been nearly twenty years Speaker of the House, and many years member of the Council, and was as much esteemed and respected as any man in the Province. He was not only an experienced and ven erated statesman, but a man of letters, taste, and sense. Governor Shirley was prevailed on, with great difficulty, to perform the operation of dismissing so faithful a servant of the public, and adopting one of so equivocal a character, and he said, some years afterwards, that nothing he had ever done in his ad ministration had given him so much pain as removing so venerable a magistrate and officer as Col. Quincy. But the church party had insisted upon it so peremp torily that he could not avoid it, — probably he dreaded their remonstrances to the Archbishop of Canterbury. These facts were current at the time Gooch was ap pointed colonel and Quincy dismissed. Thomas Hutchinson, the last provincial Governor of Massachusetts, was long an inhabitant of Milton, and, until the political storm which preceded the Rev olution began, was held in great esteem by all his neighbors and friends here. He was the son of Col. Thomas Hutchinson, a rich merchant of Boston, of great liberality and public spirit, and many years of the Council. Thomas (2d) was born in 1711, was carefully educated, and graduated at Harvard in 1727. At first he employed himself in mercantile business, but soon wearied of this pursuit, and betook himself to the study of law and politics. He was first chosen a member of the House of Representatives in the year 1737, and selectman of Boston in 1738. About this time, 1739, his father died, leaving him an am ple property. He had married Miss Margaret Sand- ford, of Newport, the year before. In 1740 he was employed to go to England upon public business relating to our currency. He continued to represent the town of Boston in the House nine years, during three of which he filled the Speaker's chair. He was distinguished fo.r eloquence and industry in the House, and soon acquired extensive influence. He was chosen into the Council in 1750, and became judge of probate for Suffolk County. In 1760 he 740 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. was appointed chief justice of the colony and Lieu tenant-Governor. Governor Bernard left the colony in 1769, and the duties of Governor then devolved upon Mr. Hutchinson. He received the commission of Governor the following year, and held this office until 1774, when he embarked for England, leaving his native land forever. He purchased, in 1743, of Joseph Belcher's heirs, one hundred acres of land on Milton Hill, and built the house now occupied by the Russell family, and resided there a large part of the time for thirty years. He was very fond of rural pursuits, especially garden ing, and, being active in his habits, was often seen helping his gardener in removing plants and grafting trees, and his social habits led him into friendly re lations with most of the inhabitants. After the mob invaded his house in Boston, in 1765, he spent most of his time here. The greatest service Governor Hutchinson ren dered to the public was in writing the " History of Massachusetts," which is the most reliable source of information on that subject existing, and will per petuate his name long after his political errors have been forgotten. He had many active enemies among the leaders of the Revolution, who were never weary of representing his errors, and not seldom in amplifying • them. He certainly staked everything on the losing side, was exiled from his native land, and his large property was confiscated. He died at Brompton, near London, before the war ended, aged sixty-nine years, and his numerous posterity are still living in England. His life was exemplary, and his private character unimpeachable. Among his personal effects, confiscated and taken from his house on Milton Hill, which were conveyed to Col. Taylor's barn and sold publicly, were found a large mass of his private letters and papers, which were sold by the finder to the State of Massachusetts for fifty pounds, and now are bound in several large folio volumes at the State- House (said to been dis covered by the purchaser of some feather beds, in which they were concealed). Governor Hutchinson was accused of grasping and monopolizing public offices ; but his nomination as chief justice was made at the solicitation of most of the prominent lawyers of the province, and his judicial career was highly successful, as he had, it was said, a remarkable power in clearly stating cases to the juries ; and he actually refused, for some time, i the commission of Governor, on account of the ap proaching troubles, and finally yielded to the solici tations of the ministry, who kept the place vacant, waiting his decision. I have a letter written by him from England, three years after he left here, wherein he says, " I have advantages here beyond most of the Americans, but I prefer natale solum to all other, and yet hope I may settle peaceably again at Unquety Hill. I hope to live to see not only my Milton neigh bors, but the people of the province in general, con vinced that I have ever sincerely aimed at their true interest, etc." James Smith bought, in 1734, of the heirs of Samuel Trescott, George Sumner, and others, several tracts of land at Brush Hill, adjoining the Dorches ter Church lands, and built his house (the same now occupied by J. M. Robbins), and made many expen sive improvements. Smith was a large capitalist of Boston, at that time about forty-six years of age, and had made great additions to his fortune by the busi ness of refining sugar. His sugar-house stood next below Brattle Street Church, in Boston, and was the building occupied by Dalrymple's regiment in 1769 and 1770, known in history as Smith's or Murray's barracks, whence Capt. Preston's company proceeded to State Street at the massacre of March 5th. He lived at Brush Hill most of the time for thirty-five years. He had no children. His wife, who survived him, was Miss Elizabeth Murray, a Scotch lady of the Philiphaugh family in Selkirkshire. He died in 1769. Drake, in his " History of Boston," has the following notice : " On the 3d of August, Mr. James Smith died at his seat at Brush Hill, Milton, at the age of eighty-one ; had been many years a sugar re finer in Boston, and his remains were brought into town and buried from the house of James Murray, Esq., in Queen Street." In the Boston Gazette of Feb. 4, 1769, is the following: " Last Thursday was married at Brush Hill (seat of James Smith, Esq.), in Milton, Rev. Jno. Forbes, of St. Augustine, to Miss Dolly Murray, daughter of Hon. James Murray, Esq., of Boston." Mr. Murray was the brother of Mrs. Smith, and resided some thirty years in Caro lina as a planter, and was a member of the Council of that province. In 1765, having lost his wife and several children, he moved to Boston with his two surviving daughters, afterwards Mrs. Forbes and Mrs. E. H. Robbins. Murray became executor to Smith's will. Mr. Smith gave his whole property to his widow, who married Mr. Ralph Inman, of Cambridge, in 1771, on which occasion she gave her Milton prop erty to her two nieces. Oxenbridge Thatcher, Jr., who has already been alluded to, in speaking of his father, merits further notice. Born at Milton in 1720, he graduated at Harvard College in 1738, and studied law with Jere miah Gridley, attorney-general of the province ; estab- MILTON. 741 lished himself at Boston, and rose to distinction in his profession very soon. He was gentle in his man ners, but very eloquent. He soon enlisted in politics, and was one of the early movers in the Revolutionary struggle, although his life ended before his views were realized. Mr. Adams, in describing the great case of Writs of Assistance, against the application of which Otis and Thatcher were engaged in 1761, says, " Then and there was the first scene of the first act of opposition to the arbitrary claims of Great Britain. Then and there the child Independence was born." Thatcher died of consumption, in 1765, at the early age of forty-five years. Samuel Swift, second son of Col. Samuel Swift, of Milton, was born here in 1715 ; graduated at Cam bridge in 1735, and many years practiced law in Boston. President Adams speaks of him often in his diary. He says, in 1766, " Spent the evening at Sam. Adams' very socially with brother Swift." Again, in 1812, in a letter to William Wirt, who was writing the life of Patrick Henry, he says, " Among the illustrious men who were agents in the Revolu tion must be remembered the name of Samuel Swift." He died at Boston, in 1775, I believe unmarried. Nathaniel Tucker, youngest son of Capt. Samuel Tucker, of Scotch Woods, was born there in 1725, and graduated at Harvard in 1744. He studied for the ministry, and settled in New Jersey, where he married, and very early died, in 1748. He had a posthumous son, Nathaniel, born in 1748, who, with his mother, came to Massachusetts not long after. The widow became the wife of Samuel Davenport, of this town, and the son married a Miss Dalton, of Boston, and was the father of Richard D. and Nathaniel Tucker. He died here in 1776. Seth Adams, the son of Edward Adams, Jr., was born here in 1713 ; graduated at Harvard in 1733, and died at his father's house in 1736, aged twenty- three years. William Foye, Jr., son of Treasurer Foye, born at Boston in 1716, was graduated at Harvard in 1735, went to Nova Scotia before his father's death, where his relative, Jonathan Belcher, afterwards chief jus tice; was settled. He became colonel of militia, and provost-marshal of Halifax, which office he held twenty-two years. He died there in 1771. Joseph Gooch, the only son of Col. Gooch, was born in 1728, and graduated in 1747. After his father's death, Dr. Pierce says, he moved to Vermont, where he devoted his life to agricultural pursuits, and died there in 1811, aged eighty-three. Benjamin Pratt was born of humble parents, and after attaining adult age, by an accident lost his leg, which circumstance occasioned an entire change in his career. He applied himself to study, entered col lege at an advanced standing, and graduated in 1737. Bobert Auchmuty, the eminent judge and admiralty lawyer, befriended him, instructed him in his profes sion, and gave him his daughter in marriage. He soon rose to eminence, and took the first rank in his profession. He figured in law and politics about twenty years in Massachusetts. John Adams, in describing the court before whom was argued the case of " Writs of Assistance," by Otis and Thatcher, thus describes Pratt : "In a corner of the room must be placed wit, sense, imagination, genius, pathos, reason, prudence, eloquence, learning, science, and immense reading, hung by the shoulders on two crutches, covered with a cloth great-coat, in the per son of Mr. Pratt." He was nominated chief justice of New York, where his consummate ability secured him the esteem of all parties. He died there in 1763, aged fifty-four. In 1755 he purchased one hundred and fifty acres of land at Milton Hill, and erected the house recently taken down by Mr. Brooks. His short and busy life left little time to enjoy his Milton property. His only child, Isabella, married Samuel Welles, of Boston, whose family held the property some seventy years. The latter half of the eighteenth century was a very eventful era of Massachusetts history, and the occurrences of that time essentially affected this town. It embraced the Seven Years' war, known with us as the old French war, ending in the treaty of Paris in 1763. Then followed the long agitation preceding the Revolution, which ended by the occurrence at Lexington, the Fort Sumter of the Revolution. Then the long and bloody struggle, which ended at the treaty of Versailles in 1783, acknowledging the national independence, followed by the period of ex haustion of five years, which preceded the adoption of the Constitution, when we finally took rank in the great family of civilized nations. During this period of thirty years the town added nothing to its material wealth and very little to its population, the whole in crease not exceeding one hundred persons. There were also other causes for the stationary condition of the town. The province, which had from the begin ning held large tracts of unoccupied lands in the west ern counties of Worcester, Hampshire, and Berkshire, made large grants to soldiers and to the heirs of those fallen in the Indian and French wars, and also large sales to speculators. These regions were filled up by men from the eastern towns. The aggregate popula tion of the province showed a respectable increase, but not the eastern section. A frightful draft was 742 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. made upon our population by the wars with the French. Massachusetts was regarded by England as a sort of Switzerland, where men were raised to fight the battles of others. Levies of five or six thousand soldiers upon a small population of two hundred thousand occurred every few years. Every one of the old families of this town will find some of their members among the victims of these struggles. When Governor Bernard called for a levy of six thousand men to accompany Lord Howe to Ticon deroga in 1758, a country representative is reported to have made this short speech : " Whenever an Englishman has his toe trodden on in France, Massa chusetts must send half a dozen regiments to Canada to avenge the insult. I am heartily sick of this thing." On the same occasion a committee of the House reported: "The whole world knows the ben efits derived to Great Britain from the loyalty of the Colonies, and from the efforts of this Province in particular, which, for more than a century past, has been wading in blood and laden with the expenses of repelling the common enemy, without which efforts Great Britain at this day would have no Colonies to defend." No coercion was requisite. More men offered on this occasion than were called for, Maj. Stephen Miller and others of this town among the number. The expedition was so popular that the province of Massachusetts erected a very costly mar ble monument in Westminster Abbey to Lord Howe, killed on the occasion. Massachusetts had also sent troops to the Spanish Main with Admiral Vernon, in 1741, to capture the city of Carthagena, and also with the Earl of Albemarle to Cuba, to capture the city of Havana, in 1762. The French war ends, and the whole domination of France is swept from this continent. The British colonies have now a little time to attend to their own concerns. Some few persons thought that the vigor exhibited by the colonies in the recent struggle showed that the child had attained adult age, and might set up for himself. It was not altogether the small stamp tax upon deeds and bills of exchange, nor three pence a pound duty on tea, that occasioned the discontent. There were deeper causes than these at work, although they furnished our orators with fine materials for agitation. A long list of grievances was embodied in the famous Suffolk Resolutions, adopted in a county convention holden at Milton, in the house of Daniel Vose, Sept. 9, 1774, said to have been drawn up by Dr. Joseph Warren. The affair of Lexington, in April, 1775, put an end to oratory, arguments, and resolutions. Action is the word, and men and money are called for. Men enough are forthcoming, and the provincial treasurer can furnish paper promises without stint. Joseph Vose was chosen colonel of this district militia regi ment in November, 1774. On the 27th of May, 1775, after the affair at Lexington, Col. Vose collects, in Milton and Dorchester, a posse of fifty or sixty men, rushes down the harbor and burns the light house, destroying all the hay at Nantasket and on the islands, much to the annoyance of Gen. Gage, who, besides twelve regiments of soldiers, had some thou sands of horses to feed in the towD, entirely sur rounded by provincial troops. Col. Vose was soon appointed lieutenant-colonel in the Twenty-fifth (Greaton's) Regiment, employed in the siege of Boston till the evacuation of the town in March, 1776. He was then ordered to Canada, under Gen. Thomas, where the year was passed. In the spring of 1777 his regiment joined Washington's army in New Jersey. Col. Vose returned home sick, in charge of the surgeon's mate, and after some weeks, having entirely recovered, returned to the army, and was promoted to colonel of the regiment. Col. Vose served faithfully all the war, was present at the siege of Yorktown and the surrender of Corn- wallis, October, 1781, and in the corps of Lafayette, who writes to Washington in commendation of Col. Vose's services on this occasion. After the peace he returned home, exchanged the sword for the plow share, and spent the long evening of his life upon his native farm. Col. Vose had three brothers in the army. His younger brother, Elijah, attained the rank of lieu tenant-colonel, and served during the war with credit. Moses and Bill were also employed in responsible sta tions. These gentlemen were all known to the elder members of the present community. The military spirit of Col. Vose has been revived in the two succeeding generations of his family. Col. Josiah H. Vose, his youngest son, entered the United States army before the war of 1812, and after a credit able military career of thirty-four years, died in com mand of his regiment at New Orleans, in 1845, at the age of sixty-one years. Edwin Vose Sumner, son of Eiisha and Nancy (Vose) Sumner, grandson of Col. Joseph Vose, was a major-general during the late rebellion ; was born in 1796, spent his early youth in Milton, entered the army in 1819. He rendered bril liant service as a cavalry officer in Mexico, and was sent by government, in 1853-54, to visit all parts of Europe to collect military knowledge. Job Sumner, son of Seth Sumner, of Brush Hill, was an undergraduate of Harvard College in 1775. When the operations of the university were disturbed MILTON. 743 by the presence of Washington's army at Cambridge, he laid aside his books and procured a lieutenant's commission in Col. Bond's regiment, and remained in the army through the war. He had attained the rank of major at the peace, and continued in the mili tary service of the general government until his death, in 1794, which took place on board a packet-ship from Charleston to New York, where he was buried with much ceremony by the Freemasons, of which fra ternity he was a prominent member, and also of the Cincinnati Society. A fine marble monument to his memory may be seen in Trinity churchyard, Broadway, New York. He was grandfather of the late Senator Sumner. The whole number of persons in the town subject to military duty was less than two hundred, but the full quota of men was furnished during the whole war, and sometimes more. Seventeen young men belonging to the town gradu ated at Harvard College during the last fifty years of the eighteenth century. They all became respectable men, and some of them distinguished. John Miller, son of Samuel Miller, Jr., and Rebecca (Minot) Miller, of Milton ; born at Milton in 1733 ; graduated at Harvard College in 1752; ordained minister of Brunswick, Me., 1762. He died on a visit to Boston, Jan. 25, 1789, traveling for his health. Benjamin Wadsworth, son of Deacon Benjamin Wadsworth, of Milton, was born in 1750. He gradu ated at Harvard College in 1769, settled at Danvers in 1772, died in 1826, aged seventy-six; was in the ministry fifty-four years. His only daughter married Hon. John Ruggles, of Milton. William Sandford Hutchinson, son of Governor T. Hutchinson, was born at Milton, June 30, 1752. He graduated at Harvard College in 1770, and died at Brompton, in England, Feb. 26, 1780, aged twenty- seven and a half years. Josiah Badcock, son of Nathan Badcock, was born at Milton in 1752; graduated at Harvard in 1772; settled at Andover, N. H. ; ordination in 1783; ser mon by Rev. B. Wadsworth. Died in 1831. Here- tired from the desk twenty years before his death, and lived quietly on his farm. Samuel Henshaw, son of Samuel, Jr.. and Waitstill Henshaw, was born at Milton in 1754 ; graduated at Harvard College, 1773 ; married Sarah, daughter of Nathaniel Swift, 1777. His wife died in 1781, and he subsequently married a daughter of the Rev. John Hunt, of the Old South Church. Mr. Henshaw studied for the ministry at first, but relinquished that calling, and removed to Northampton about the close of the Revolution, and filled the office of judge of probate for Hampshire County many years, until his death, in 1809. He was a member, from Milton, of the convention which formed the Constitution of Massachusetts in 1779 and 1780. Edward Hutchinson Robbins, eldest son of Rev. Nathaniel Robbins, was born at Milton, Feb. 19, 1758, where he passed his childhood. He was bene fited by the instructions of Dr. Jeremy Belknap, who taught school at Milton two years after leaving col lege. He was partially fitted for college by Dr. Lem uel Hayward, who also kept a grammar school some time at Milton. He entered college in 1771, in his fourteenth year, and finished his collegiate course re spectably in 1775, occupying a room with his towns man, Thomas Thatcher, afterwards minister of Ded ham, with whom he continued an intimacy until the death of the latter in 1813. The last year of his college life was somewhat interrupted by the affairs at Lexington and Charlestown. After leaving col lege he kept school at Dorchester for a year. In 1776 ho entered the office of John Sprague, Esq., of Lan caster, and commenced the study of the law. He re mained a year at Lancaster, and in 1777 removed to Bridgewater, and continued his studies with Oakes Angier, then a distinguished practitioner. In 1779 he was admitted to the bar, and commenced practice at Milton. He was the same year elected to repre sent his native town in the convention which formed the Constitution of Massachusetts. He was the youngest member of this body, which contained nearly all the prominent men of the State, many of whom were his friends through much of his after life. He continued the practice of law at Milton till 1785, during four years of which time he represented the town in the Legislature. He enjoyed the confi dence of the community, and his professional business increased so much that he removed his office to Bos ton, where all the courts of law for this section were then held. In November, 1785, he married Miss Elizabeth Murray, who had been a resident of Milton for some years previously, and purchased the Gooc estate at Milton Hill, where he resided nearly twenty years, till he removed to Brush Hill in 1805, which became his residence for the remainder of his life. His habits were active, and he began to weary of the confinement of professional life, and soon employed himself much with other pursuits. He was among the early purchasers of the commonwealth's lands in Maine, and was much occupied in settling and im proving the lands, a subject of great interest to him all his life! In 1792 he was again chosen to rep resent the town of Milton in the Legislature, and 744 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. continued to be re-elected ten years in succession, in nine of which he occupied the Speaker's chair. How well be performed the duties and sustained the honor of that station is too well known to need any mention. His extraordinary exercise of memory and promptness in recollecting the persons and character of the mem bers in the duties of appointment, his knowledge of parliamentary rules, and the local interests of the commonwealth, became proverbial, and were a great facility to the public business. During this period much of his time was employed in other public duties. He was one of the commissioners for build ing the State-House, also the State prison. In 1796 he was elected by the House to the United States Senate, but the county of Essex urged the necessity of a practical merchant for the place, and the Senate made choice of Mr. Goodhue, a merchant of Salem, whereupon Mr. Robbins at once withdrew his name. In 1802 he was induced to accept the nomination of Lieutenant-Governor with Governor Strong, with whom he had been much acquainted before. He was elected, and continued to fill the duties of this office till 1807, when the Democratic party came into power. He was frequently employed in the service of the State in responsible places, such as member of the Board of War in 1812, commissioner for treating with the Eastern Indians, and for the management of Eastern lands, and filled the place of judge of probate for Norfolk County some seventeen or eighteen years. He never sought public office, and never occupied any place of profit, but was often selected for places requiring judgment and integrity by the appointing power. He inherited a competent property, and faithfully executed many responsible trusts, but left no wealth behind. He Belonged to the Federal school in politics, but was no zealous partisan; firm in opinion, prudent in action, endowed with strong love of the human race, never weary of serving others, and rather negligent of his own in terests. Greatly esteemed by a very wide circle of friends, his opinion was much sought for and valued, and. was always at the command of every one. His fine colloquial powers and social disposition rendered his society very attractive. He was the zealous friend of religion and education, long a member of the Mil ton Church and of various associations for the dif fusion of gospel truths. To his personal efforts was mainly, due the establishment of the academy in his native town. In his domestic relations the cheerful kindness of his nature was especially conspicuous. His death, which occurred Dec. 29, 1829, at the age of seventy-two, was greatly lamented by' his friends and neighbors. Rufus Badcock, son of George and Ruth Bad* cock, born at Milton in 1755 ; graduated at Harvard, College in 1775. His death occurred in a Southern State, where he was employed in teaching, in 1793. Thomas Thatcher, son of Oxenbridge Thatcher, was born at Milton in 1757, and graduated at Cam bridge in 1775. He was settled at West Dedham, and died in 1813, aged fifty-six. He was an eccentric man, of studious habits, unmarried, lived a retired life within his own parish, and was somewhat occu pied in teaching. He was a member of the State convention to discuss the United States Constitution. He and his colleague, Fisher Ames, represented Ded ham. This instrument, now regarded as the sheet- anchor of our liberties, balanced in a state of uncer tainty in the convention many weeks, and finally, in a House of three hundred and fifty-five, was adopted by the small majority of nineteen votes only. Jesse Tucker, son of Jeremiah Tucker and his wife Mary (Wadsworth) Tucker, was born at Milton in 1758 ; graduated at Harvard College, 1778, and studied medicine with his kinsman, Dr. John War ren. He served with Capt. Manly as a surgeon in a public armed ship, was attacked by fever on the cruise, and put on shore at Newfoundland, where he died in December, 1779. Jeremiah S. Boies, son of Capt. James Boies, of Milton, born in 1762 ; graduated at Harvard College, 1783 ; was occupied in his father's business of paper- making ; married Miss Hannah Clark in 1785. His father died in 1798, aged ninety-six, and bequeathed a handsome estate to his son. Mr. Boies became one of the earliest cotton manufacturers of Massachusetts, having originated the company at Dorchester, which successfully conducted this business for more than forty years. Mr. Boies died at Boston in 1851, aged eighty-nine years. Nathaniel Johnson Robbins, second son of Rev. Nathaniel Robbins, was born at Milton in 1766, and graduated at Harvard College in 1784. He occupied his short life in commercial pursuits, traveling much abroad, and died at Milton in 1799, aged thirty-three, from the effects of a liver disease contracted in the British West Indies. He was an agreeable, social person, and left a lasting impression upon the memory of many of his contemporaries, some of whom sur vived him forty or fifty years. John Murray Forbes was the son of Rev. John Forbes, a Scotch clergyman, who was stationed at St. Augustine while the colony of Florida was in pos session of the British government. Mr. Forbes, the father, was married at Milton in 1769, to Miss Dorothy Murray, the daughter of James Murray, MILTON. 745 Esq. J. Murray Forbes was born at St. Augustine, and came to Milton with his mother in 1773 ; was fitted for college by Dr. Samuel Kendall, of Weston ; graduated in 1787 in the class with John Q. Adams and James Lloyd ; studied law with John Sprague, of Lancaster, and Pliny Merrick, of Brookfield, and began his professional career at Northfield in 1791. Afterwards he moved to Boston, and, associated with C. P. Phelps, practiced law in 1794-95. He was employed to go to France on business in 1796, and spent most of his life abroad ; received the appoint ment of consul to Hamburg, 1801 ; charge d'affaires at Copenhagen, 1810 ; minister to Buenos Ayres, 1820, and remained £here till his death, in 1831. He died unmarried. He was a gentleman of fine quali ties, and his protracted residence in foreign countries was held a great privation by numerous friends at home. Solomon Vose, son of Col. Joseph Vose, was born at Milton in 1768, and graduated at Harvard College in 1787 ; studied law with Hon. Levi Lincoln, of Worcester, and commenced practice at Northfield, Franklin Co., which town he frequently represented in the State Legislature, and in 1805 he removed to Augusta, Me., where he died, much respected, in 1809. Boger Vose, son of Robert Vose, of Milton, born in 1763, and graduated at Harvard College ; studied law, and settled at Walpole, N. H., where he was in practice many years. He served two terms as member of Congress from that district. His death occurred in 1841, when seventy-eight years of age. Charles Pinckney Sumner, son of Job Sumner, was born at Milton in 1776 ; graduated at Harvard in 1796 ; studied law, and practiced his profession in Boston many years. He served fifteen or twenty years as sheriff of the county of Suffolk, and died in 1839, aged sixty-three. He delivered an eulogy upon the death of Washington, at Milton, Feb. 22, 1800, which was published by the town. CHAPTER LXIII. MILTON— ( Continued). WAE OF THE REVOLUTION. BY H. JJ. MARTIN. Few are the towns in which can be gleaned more interesting history in regard to matters relating to the Bevolutionary period than in the town of Milton. Her records are filled with the noble sentiments of her citizens, ever fired with the most patriotic ardor ; ever ready to show their faith by their works, and to let their light shine before men. They were pioneers in the cause of freedom. Other communities might hesi tate, the men of Milton never ! Turning to history's page, we find that upon Oct. 25, 1760, began the reign of George the Third. " He was narrow-minded, self-willed, jealous of his royal prerogative, and envious of others' greatness, resenting all difference from his wishes on any public measure as a personal offense against the King." June 9, 1756, war was declared against England by Louis NV. This war, called in European history the Seven Years' war, and known on this continent as the French and Indian war, ended Feb. 10, 1763. March 10, 1764, Grenville, then Secretary of State, proposed to pay a portion of the expenses of the war then closed by taxation of the American colonies. March 22, 1765, the Stamp Act was passed, im posing duties on all newspapers, every law paper, all ships' papers, property transfers, college diplomas, and marriage licenses. October 24th of that year (1765) our forefathers assembled, and the following record of their doings on that day, we think, needs no further explanation : " At a Town Meeting legally warned and held at Milton on thursday the 24,h day of October 1765. Is' William Tucker Esq was chosen Moderator. 2,ully, the question was put whether the Town would instruct their present Representative respecting the Stamp Act, and it past in the affirmative. Voted : to choose a Committee to draw up instructions, Accordingly, Doct Sam1 Gardner Dea Benjamin Wadsworth, and Lieut Jazaniah Tucker, were chosen, who withdrew and after a short time returned with the following Instructions, which the Town Unanimously Accepted, and voted that they be recorded in the Towns book, i and an Attested Copy thereof be by the Town Clerk delivered to Stephen Miller Esq. our present Repre sentative." " Instructions by the Freeholders and other Inhab itants of the Town of Milton, to Stephen Miller Esq. their present Representative." " Sie : Being sensibly affected with the calamitous circum stances to which this Country must be soon reduced by the exe cution of the Stamp Act unless by some means relieved : we think proper in the present distressed conjunction of affairs to give you the following Instructions, " 1" That you promote and readily join in representing our Grievances to the King and Parliament in a suitable manner, and if Redress may be easily obtained it will be most accept able to us ; yet as the distress threatened must' (if not pre vented,) bring Slavery and Ruin, we expect you to promote and 746 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY", MASSACHUSETTS. join in any mensures which may Relieve us, be the expense or consequences what it will, for if we had no dispute as to the justice of a tax where we ore not Represented, the sum that even the Distributors of the Stamps would have for their trouble, according to the best calculation that has been made, would be insupportable for us to pay in addition to our Annual Expenses and the great Debts that we have contracted in the last War. — Now if we had been Represented in Parliament or could have even been heard by our Agent, We can't suppose that such an Immoderate Tax would have been laid on us, if it had been just to lay any: but if British Subjects in America are liable to be taxed otherwise than by their own Representatives, and may not be allowed Trial by their own Peers, which by this Act we understand is the case, they are as Distant from the Liberty of Englishmen as are the Slaves in Turkey. " 2ndly. That you discountenance as far as lies in your power, the late horrible outrages that have been committed in the town of Boston, and that you use your utmost endeavors that the Offenders may be found out and brought to justice, and that restitution may be made by them and their Accomplices, if they have Estates sufficient, to the persons who have suffered by them. and we could wish that persons who desire to conceal such Of fenders were obliged to make satisfaction in their stead, and if there are not Laws already Sufficient for Restraining such Dis orderly persons we desire that you use your endeavors that Laws be made Sufficient for that purpose, so that all his Majesties Subjects in this Province, may have their Lives%and properties secured, if they may be thought worth securing after the Stamp Act takes place. "3rdly. We expect that you Enquire by what Authority or whose advice it was that the Public money was appropriated for Raising Soldiers, without the consent and in absence of the General Court." As has already been stated, March 22, 1765, the Stamp Act was passed ; the courts were closed ; in the town of Boston outrages and riots were insti gated ; sworn officials were subjected to great indig nities, insulted in every way possible (some tarred and feathered, and hung iQ effigy) ; the mob sacked and destroyed private houses and pillaged them. But the people of Milton were a law-abiding people, and, although they felt as deeply and keenly the wrongs and insults of Britain, they discountenanced all such disgraceful acts as these. And so when in town-meeting assembled, on Oct. 22, 1766, their doings on that day amply testify to the high tone of the Milton of that period, and is a reminder to the people of to-day that a true man is ever considerate of others' welfare, — and if we had no other record, the one simple case here cited would stamp the men of Milton of 1766 as nature's noble men, a title of far more worth than any ever bestowed by George III. The record is as follows : "At a Town Meeting legally warned and held at Milton, on Wednesday October 22nd 1706. " lBt Dea Benjamin Wadsworth was chosen Moderator. "2ndly. The question was put whether the Town would give their Representative any Instructions, and it past in the Affirmative. " 3rdly. Voted to give him the following Instructions. " Milton Oct 22nd 1766., At a meeting of the Freeholders i and other Inhabitants of the Town of Milton, qualified as the law directs: Voted: Whereas the Inhabitants of this Town have taken under consideration the clause in the warrant, re specting the sufferers in the Month of August 1765, in the Town of Boston. "With the utmost Abhorance of any such Unjustifyable Proceedings by persons unknown, committed on the property of divers of our fellow subjects, a loss too much for any Individ uals to bear in Civil Society, and it not being in their power to ^ prevent; — In Duty full respect to his Majesties Request, in Humanity and Generosity towards those Gentlemen who have suffered, that on the Application of such Sufferers to the Gen eral Assembly in a parliamentary way, the Representative of this town be directed in his best discretion to use his Influence that such Losses be made up and paid out of the Public Treas ury, and that those persons who were AidiDg and Assisting in Destroying the Property of Individuals in the Town of Boston, in the year 1765, Contrary to Law and Equity, should be brought to Justice, and Suffer accordingly.'' August, 1768, the merchants and traders of Boston entered into an agreement not to import goods from Great Britain after Jan. 1, 1770, and made a further agreement. Oct. 17, 1769, that no goods should be sent from here till the revenue acts be repealed. Consequently exports from England fell off to such an extent that English merchants were seriously in jured. Lord North, perceiving this, proposed the removal of duties from all articles except tea. Oct. 4, 1769, a town-meeting was held in Boston, when was promulgated that noted document prepared by Samuel Adams, entitled an " Appeal to the World,", wherein he says, " We should yet be glad that the ancient and happy union between Great Britain and this country might be restored, but our rights are in vaded, and until the Bevenue Acts are All repealed, the cause of our just complaints cannot be removed." March 12, 1770, in town-meeting assembled, the citizens of Milton, ever ready to uphold and sustain every measure for their country's welfare, " Voted : that the Thanks of this Town be given to the Mer chants and Gentlemen of the Town of Boston, who have exerted themselves in so Spirited a manner for the Preserva tion of the Liberties of America ; — That this Town will Exert their Utmost Endeavor to Support those Gentlemen while exer cising their feeble efforts, (so called by their Enemies) to Pre serve the LiBerties of this Province ; That this Town will never Purchase of; or have any Communication with, those persons that Import goods contrary to the Agreement of Merchants of the Town of Boston, until they have given full Satisfaction to those merchants and gentlemen that they have treated with so much Indignity ; That this Town will prevent, (to the utmost of their power) the use of India Tea, Discountenancing its use in any one (except where it may be thought necessary for Health,) until the Revenue Acts, so much and so justly com plained of shall be Repealed." 1772. Parliament having enacted laws of such a sumptuary and arbitrary character, so repugnant to MILTON. 747 the people of the province, and contrary not only to the charter, but to the fundamental principles of common law, among which was one making tho sala ries of the Governor and the judges to depend upon a royal stipend, the inhabitants of the town of Bos ton held a town-meeting in the fall of that year (1772), and after passing resolves respecting the grievances under which they suffered, the patriot leader, Sam. Adams, stood up and made tbat cele brated motion which it was said " gave visible shape to the American revolution." The record says, — "It was then moved by Mr. Samuel Adams that a Committee of Correspondence be appointed to state the rights of the Colo nists, and of this province in particular, as men and Christians, and as subjects; and to communicate and publish the same to the several towns, and to the world, as the sense of this town, with the infringements and violations thereof that have been made." The motion passed by a nearly unanimous vote ; a committee was appointed ; the work to be done was divided between them ; Adams was appointed to pre pare a statement of the rights of the colonists ; War ren, of the several violations of those rights ; and Church was to draft a letter to the other towns. Nov. 20, 1772, the committee, at a legal meeting in Faneuil Hall, presented their report. " The state ment of rights, and of grievances, and the letter to the towns, were masterly presentations of the cause." Committees of Correspondence were everywhere es tablished. How the town of Milton upheld Samuel Adams and his noble confreries of the town of Boston the following records amply testify : " At a meeting of the freeholders and other inhabit ants of the town of Milton, on Monday, the 4th day of January, 1773 : 1st, the town made choice of Capt. Lemuel Bent for their moderator ; 2dly, voted, to adjourn the meeting to Friday, the 8th instant. " At a town-meeting in Milton, upon adjournment on Friday, the 8th day of January, 1773, voted, to choose a committee of five men to draw up instructions to give their representative ; accordingly, Mr. John Adams, Col. William Taylor, Dr. Samuel Gardner, Capt. David Rawson, and Mr. Daniel Vose were chosen for said purpose. "Voted, to adjourn said meeting to Thursday, the 14th in stant, to hear the report of said committee. "At a town-meeting in Milton, upon adjournment from Friday, the 8th day of January, 1773, to Thurs day, the 14th instant, the committee chosen on the 8th instant to draw up instructions to their representa tive report as follows, viz. ! " To Mr. Josiah How, Representative for the Town of Milton. " Sir : We have heard read the Letter of Correspondence from the Town of Boston, with their proceedings, and find many Grievances there justly complained of; too many to be enu merated here; but recommend that Pamphlet to your perusal. " Whoever seriously considers the conduct of Administration, both at home and here, can hardly Entertain a Doubt, that a plan is formed to subvert this Constitution : First, the British Parliament making an act to raise a Revenue without the con sent of the people by themselves or their Representatives, is a Grievance of the first magnitude. " Again : the great difference made between the trial of Sub jects here and at home, in the • Act for securing his Majesties dock yards, and other Naval stores,' is a very great Grievance. "Again : the Crowns making the Governor, Independent of the people, has a natural tendency to Destroy that Harmony, which should always subsist between the three branches of the Legislature in a free state. " Again : the making the Judges of the Superior Court, De pendent on the Crown, and independent of the people whose lives and fortunes are so much in their power, is a great griev ance, naturally tending to subvert justice between the King and Subject. " Sir : We Recommend to you that the Judges of the Superior Court have Salaries adequate to their merit and station, and that they be made as Independent as possible of the Crown and the people; and furthermore we recommend and Enjoin you, to use your Interest and Influence in the House of Representatives as far as is consistent with the Rights of this people, to Petition his Majesty, &e. to remove all Grievances we labor under, and in the mean time in all our Difficulties and distresses, we depend upon your steadiness, prudence and Firmness : and that you give not up one jot or tittle of our Rights, but dispute every Inch of ground with the Enemies of our Liberties and Free dom. "Milton Jan 14th 1773. "By order of the Committee, John Adams, Chairman." " The question was put whether the town will accept this report as instructions to their representative, and it passed in the affirmative. "Voted: That the Selectmen be a Committee to answer the letter of Correspondence from the Committee of the Town of Boston. "Voted: That the proceedings of the foregoing meetings be recorded in the Town Book. "Recorded Pr Amariah Blake, Town Clerk." We now come to the year 1774; every peaceable method known or thought of had been tried to induce Great Britain to give the colonies their just rights; their love for the mother-country was still warm in their breasts ; they hated the thought of separation ; the glory of Britain was their glory, but they could not, would not, be her abject slaves. Still in their hearts lingered a remembrance of the Britain of the olden time, and a hope that justice might yet be done. And so the people of Milton once more met, resolved once again to try and obtain relief for the wrongs under which they suffered ; once more in a lawful way to state their grievances and to seek redress ; peacea- 748 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. bly if possible, but with a determination redress to have, cost what it might. And here is the record of their doings ; a record which needs not the encomium of any man, for it is a record the masterly drawing of which it may truth fully be said that it may have been equaled, but never was excelled. The reader will bear in mind that this Declaration of Independence promulgated by the men of Milton was drawn up in July, 1774, two years before that celebrated Declaration of the American Congress at Philadelphia, and two months previous to the passage of the famous " Suffolk Resolves," clearly showing, as was before stated, that in freedom's cause the men of Milton were pioneers. " At a town-meeting legally warned and held in Milton on the 27th day of June, 1774. " Mr. Ebenezer Tucker was chosen moderator. "Voted: To choose , 1712, in ye 69 year of his age. George Clark, son of Mr George and Mrs Lydia Clark, Dor chester, died Mcl> 21Bt, 1770, aged 1 year. Seth Clark, son of Mr George & MrB Lydia Clark, Dorchester, died Jan. 13*, 1771, aged 5 weeks. In memory of Mrs Lydia Clark, wife of Mr George Clark, of Dorchester. She died M<* ye 1st, 1776, aged 31 years. In the book of life divine, My God inscribe my name, There let it fill some humble place, Beneath the slaughtered Lamb. Here lies the body of Mr Thomas Cradock and Prusilla his wife and their daughter Ann, the wife of Mr Thomas Edwards, who departed this life November 2d, 1752, aged 24 years. Farewell forever then to all that's gay ! You will forget to sing and I to pray, No more with cheerful songs in cooling bowers, Shall we consume the pleasurable hours. All joys are banished, all delights are fled, Ne'er to return, for As*'s dead. Here lies buried ye body of Mr Benjamin Crane, who de parted this life June ye 24*, 1771, in the 79 year of his age. In memory of Rebecca Belcher Crane, daug. of Mr Jeremiah & M'! Rebecca Crane, who died Oct. 3d, 1792, in the 8* year of her age. Here lies two children, sons of M1' Jeremiah & Mrs Rebecca Crane : Charles, died Sept. the 23d, 1792, in the 6* year of his age; Jeremiah, died Oct. 14, 1792, in the 2 year of his age. Here lies the body of Mrs Abigail Crane, the wife of Mr Benjamin Crane. She died June 4th, 1755, in ye 57* year of her age. In memory of M™ Abigail Crane, wife of M"- Henry Crane, who died Sept. 2d, 1795, aged 58 years. Could grateful love recall the fleeting breath, Or fond affection soothe relentless death, Then had this stone ne'er claimed a social tear, Nor rc-;id to thoughtless man a lesson here. In memory of Mr Willani Crane, who died Nov. 10, 1785, in ye 41st year 0f his age# Isac Crane, son of Mr Isac & Mr» Pontas Crane, died Oct. 3d, 1727. .ffitat 3 years. Also Enos Crane died Sep. 8* 1865, age 20 months. Here lies y= body of Mary Crehore, daugh* of Capt. John &, Mra Mehitable Crehore, died Oct. 22>"d, 1748, in ye 21s' year of her age. Ambrose Davenport, son of Mr Adam i- MrB Mary Davenport, died Sept. 14*, 1787, aged 3 years and 3 months. Life is uncertain, death is sure, Sin's the wound and Christ the cure. In memory of Mra Elizabeth wife of Mr Lemuel Davis, who died M°h 28*, 1795, in yc 42d year of her age. In memory of two children of Mr Lemuel and Mrs Elizabeth Davis, viz. : Sally Tucker, died Dec. 18, 1794, .nged 5 months; Charlotte died Mch 22d, 1795, aged 3 years. Here lies buried the body of Mr John Dickerman, who died 14th of August, 1729, in y'-' 64*-year of his age. Here lies ye body of Mary Fenno, daur to Benj" & Mary Fenno, aged 22 years and 27 days. Decd April ye 16*, 1725. Erected in memory of Mr Enoch Fenno, who died Sept 19, 1796, aged 41 years. Adieu, bright soul, a short farewell ! Till we shall meet in realms above, In pleasant groves where pleasures dwell And trees of life bear fruits of love. Here lies interred the remains of Mr Joseph Fenno, who de parted this life Jun. ye 19th, 1767, aged 32 years. In the cold mansions of the silent tomb, How still the solitude, how deep the gloom, Here sleeps the dust unconscious, close confined, But far, far distant dwells the immortal mind. Here lies ye body of Mr Robert Field, who died Jan. ye 22d, 1759, in ye 74 year of his age. Here lies buried ye body of Robert Field, died September 2d, 1719, in ye 67 year of his age. Here lies ye body of Mr Ebenezer Field, who died Decr y8 15*, 1748, in ye 32d year of his age. Here lies ye body of Mary Field, wife of Robert Field, died April ye 2d, 1799, in ye 60 year of her age. Here lies buried ye body of Anna Field, ye wife of Mr Robert Field, she departed this life ye 13 of November, 1728, in ye 44* year of her age. Mehetebel Field, ye daughter of Robert &, Anna Field, aged 3 days, died 21s' of Sep. 1719. Here lies buried the body of Mrs Hannah Fuller, wife of Mr Benjamin Fuller, aged 30 years, died Dee1 ye 15*, 1746. Here lyes interred the remains of Mrs Abigail Glover, the Consort of Mr Elijah Glover, and daughter of Jlr Samuel & M" Mary Kinsley. She died Feb. S*, 1760, aged S4 years. Here lies buried the body of Mr Samuel Glover, who died Aug. 2d, 1761, in the 60* year of his age. Here lies buried the body of Mr Elijah Glover, son of Mr 762 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. Thomas & Elizabeth Glover of Dorchester, who departed this life July ye l8t, 1770, in ye 45* year of his age. Stop here, my friend, and cast an eye, As you are now, so once was I, As I am now so must you be, Prepare for death and follow me. Sacred to the memory of Dea. Cornelius Gulliver, who died Jan. 15*, 1808, aged 65 years. Mra Ann Gulliver, wife of Dea. Cornelius Gulliver, who died Feb. 6* 1806, aged 53 years. Also Mr Eiisha Gulliver, son of Dea. Cornelius and Mrs Ann Gulliver, who died Oct. 31, 1799, aged 23 years. "Jesus said, I am the resurrection and the life: he that be- lieveth on me, though he were dead, yet shall he live." Here lies the body of Mra Hannah Gulliver, widow of Mr Nathaniel Gulliver, she died June 1st, 1760, aged 80 years and 4 months. Here lies the body of Mr Stephen Gulliver, who departed this life the ninth day of May, 1771, in the 40* year of his age. A soul prepared meets no delays, The summons comes, ye man obeys, Swift was his flight, and short the road, He closed his eyes and saw his God. The flesh rests here, till Jesus come And calls the body to his home. Here lyes ye body of Mary Gulliver, wife to Jonathan Gul liver, aged 34 years, & 8 months & 5 days, died February ye 16, 170i. Here lyes ye body of Mr Nathaniel Gulliver, who died March 25*, 1743, in ye 68* year of his age. Here lies buried y° body of Anthony Gulliwer, aged 87 years, died Nov. ye 28*, 1706. Here lyes ye body of M™ Hannah Gulliver, widow of M' Nathaniel Gulliver, she died June 1st, 1760, aged 80 years &. 4 months. Erected in memory of Sarah Gulliver, wife of Jn° Gulliver, who died Oct. ye 1B', 1799, aged 64. Here lies buried y" body of Mr Caleb Hearsey, died Feb. 29, 1755, in the 57 year of his age. Here lies the body of John Hearsey, who died Dec. Is', 1725, in the 66* year of his age. Here lies the body of Mra Hannah Hearsey, wife to Mr Caleb Hearsey, died April 4*, 1742, in the 40* year of her age. Dan1 Hensher, son of Samuel & Waitstill Hensher, died Oct. ye 25*, 1719, in ye 8 year of his age. Here lyes y" body of Mr Daniel Hanshaw, who died August ye 25*, 1732, in ye 90* year of his age. Here lyes ye body of Mrs Waitstill Hanshaw, wife of Mr Samuel Hanshaw, she died May ye 17*, 1737, in yc 53 year of her age. Here lyes ye body of Mary Hensher, wife to Daniel Hensher, died November ye 19*, 1719, in ye. 83 year of her age. Abigail Holman, wife to Thomas Holman, aged 57 years, died March ye lst, 170J. Here lies ye body of Patience Holman, aged 42 years, Dec1 June 29, 1713. Memento Fugit Mori Hora Here lies ye body of Mr Thomas Holman, aged 63 years, died August ye 4*, 1704. Fenno Houghton, son of Mr Elijah & Mra Mary Houghton, died Jan. 20, 1773, aged 1 year. 9 Here lyes buried the body of Mra Ruth Houghton, the wife of Mr Joseph Houghton, who departed this life May ye 23*, 1792, in the 50* year of her age. Here lies interred the mortal parts of Deacon Nathaniel Houghton, who died M°h ye 13*, 1732, aged 76 years. Cease tears, ye body of a friend Ye to ye grave do only lend, A common lot, here Christ has been, Triumphant over death & sin. He has awoke, so shall the just, And gather up their crumbs of dust. Comfort, O friend, the gospel cries, Seed that is quickened always dies. Here lyes buried ye body of Mra Ann Houghton, wife of M' Joseph Houghton and daughter of Mr John & Mta Ann Wil liams, who died July 14*, 1773, in ye 22d year of her age. ' Here lies buried the body of Mrs Deborah Houghton, ye wife of Dea. Nathaniel Houghton, who departed this life Feb. the i 27*, 1772, in ye 70 year of her age. In memory of Mrs Sarah, the wife of Mr Isac Howe, but lately the wife of Mr Lazarus Baker, she died Sep. ye 11"', 1755, in ye 61s' year of her age. Erected in memory of Mrs Sarah Howe, Relict of Dea. Josiah J Howe, who died Nov. IS, 1797, M 81. Tired with the troubles & the cares A long train of four-score years, The prisoner smiled to be released, She felt her fetters loosed and mounted to her rest. Here lies the body of Mr Isac How, who died Sept. ye 7'°, 1769, in ye 55 year of his age. An instance of sudden death in the midst of useful life. Dangers stand thick through all the ground, To push us to the Tomb, And fierce diseases march around, To hurry mortals home. But I'll repine at death no more, I'll cheerfully resign To the cold dungeon of the grave These dying limbs of mine, Since God and my Redeemer lives, Who often from the skies Looks down and watches all my dust, Till he shall bid it rise. Erected to the memory of Deacon Josiah How, who departed this life Oct. 3d, 1792, in the 74* year of his age. Here stands his urn, He'll ne'er return, He's gone to Christ above. His body's dead, His spirit's fled, His song's redeeming love. Isac How, ye son of Mr Josiah & M." Sarah How. He died June 18*, 1752, in ye 3d year of his age. Josiah How, ye son of Mr Josiah & M" Sarah How. He died June 19* 1752, in ye 6* year of his age. John How, son of Mr Josiah & Mra Sarah How, died Jan? 224 1755, in ye 3a year of his age. In memory of Samuel Maynard Humphrey, son of Mr Na thaniel & M« Martha Humphrey, who died Sept. 4* 1791, aged 20 months. MILTON. 76c in memory of Mrs Rhoda Jones, the wife of Mr Joseph Jones, Tho died Oct. 4*, 1702, aged 55 years. Here lyeth ye body of Elizabeth Jones, daughter to Mr Tim- 'jthy & Mrs Elizabeth Jones, died Decr 4*, 1740, in y' 21s' year )f her age. ' Here lyes ye body of Mr David Jones, aged 45 years, died Mayye3d, 1741. In the memory of Mr John Keith, who died June 8th, 1796, aged 21 years. He whom the Lord doth free, The noblest freedom gains, Freedom from vice & misery, And sins of closing chains. Here lies the body of Mrs Abigail Kneeland, wife of Mr John Kneeland, died May 17, 1770, aged 33 years. The sweet remembrance of the just Shall flourish when they sleep in dust. • Here lies buried the body of Mr John Kinsley, who died Sept. y" 13*, 1748, in ye 69* year of his age. Here lyeth the body of Capt. Samuel Kinsley, who departed this life Oct. y" 2nd, 1755, aged 58 years. In memory of Mra Simeon Lamb of Charlestown, who died of the small-pox Sept. the 25*, in the year 1792, and the 21s' year of her age. Here lyes the body of Mrs Hannah Lankester, Relict of Mr William Lankester, who died April 9*, 1742, aged 79 years. Erected in memory of Miss Mary Mac Carnney, who died Jan. 4*, 1791, aged 20 years. Sleep in darkness till that glorious day, When Christ my light shall roll the stone away. In memory of Mary Milton, aged 23 years, died Feb. 8th, 170J. In memory of Mp John Newton, who died Feb. 16, 1774, in the 87* year of his age. Here lies the body of Jerusha Park, who died Sept. 23d, 1767, age 17 days. Also the body of Sarah Park, who died Sept. 17*, 1767, aged 11 days ; children of Mr Edward & M's Jerusha Park. In memory of Mrs Ester Pierce, wife of Mr Charles Pierce, Who died May 10*, 1787, in y" 23 year of her age. Why mourn you thus, my relict friend & kin ? Lament you, when I lose, not when I win. Here lies buried ye body of Chloe Pierce, daughter of Mr William and Mra Unice Pierce, who died June 30*, 1774, aged 8 weeks. In memory of William Pierce, son of William & M™ Lydia Pierce, who died Decr 2d, 1770, aged 3 years & 3 months. In memory of three daughters of Mr William & M" Unice Pieree, viz. Miss Deliverance Pierce, who died Sept. 5*, 1792, Mt 38 years. Miss Martha Pierce, who died Feb. 10*, 1791, Mi 24 years, and Miss Unice Pierce, who died Oct. 10*, 17S8, Mt 17 years. Lovers and Friends, Oh God ! By thy resistless frown, The gloomy vale have trod, And to the grave gone down. In memory of Deliverance Pierce, wife of Capt. William Pierce, who died April 28*, 1748, in ye 49* year of her age. Here lies buried ye body of Mr William Pierce, who died April 17*, 1731, in ye 72d year of his age. In memory of Mr William Pierce, who died Feb. Is', 1793, aged 65 years. Why do ye mourn departed friends, Or shake at death's alarms, 'Tis but the voice that Jesus sends To call them to his arms. Here lies buried ye body of Mrs Elizabeth Pierce, wife of Mr William Pierce, who died June 6*, 1735, in ye 67* year of her age. Here lies buried the body of MrB Hannah Pitcher, ye wife of Mr John Pitcher, who departed this life Sept. ye 2d, 1772, aged 77 years. Here lies buried the body of Thomas Rawlins, aged about 70 years. Departed this life July ye 7th, 1693. Here lyes buried the body of Abigail Rawlins, aged 72 years, departed this life March ye 20* 1711-12. In memory of Miss Esther Rawson, dauh' of David Rawson Esq. & Mrs. Mary his wife, who died of ye small pox Oct. 27*, 1792, aged 31 years & 6 months. Death a debt to nature due, Which I have paid and so must you. In memory of Miss Sally Rea, the daugh' of Mr Jeremiah Rea and Mrs Bridget his wife, who died Nov. II"1, 1792, in the 24* year of her age. Stop, my friend, and think of me, I once was in the world like thee, Now I lie mouldering in the dust, In hope to rise among the just. In memory of Mrs Mary Ruggles, the wife of Mr John Rug gles, who died Nov. 23d, 1773, aged 30 years. A meek and quiet spirit she possessed, And proved the religion she professed. Here lyes the body of Mr Thomas Shepard, Decd Sept. y° 29*, 1719, in ye 87* year of his age. Here lyes the body of Mf Ralph Shepard, Decd JanJ ye 26*, 172J, in ye 36* year of his age. Sacred to the memory of Benjamin Smith, paper maker, son of Mr Richard Smith of North Britain in the Shire of Aberdeen. He died May 6*, 1792, in the 37 year of his age. Could grateful love recall the fleeting breath, Or fond affection soothe relentless death, Then had this stone ne'er claimed a social tear, Nor read to thoughtless man a lesson here. Here lies the body of John Stimpson, aged 56 years, Dec1 Aug. ye 11*, 1732. In memory of Katherine Soper, wife of Samuel Soper, who died Feb. 17*, 1776, in ye 22d year of her age. In memory of Katherine Soper, daughter of Samuel and Katherine Soper, who died Jan? 16*, 1769, in j» 5* year of her age. In memory of Mrs Elizabeth Sumner, wife of Col. Seth Sum ner, who died May 9*, 1784, in the 48* year of her age. Life is uncertain, death is sure, Sin's the wound, Christ the cure. Erected in memory of M"" Abijah Sumner, who died Feb. 2d, 1797, in the 84* year of his age. In memory of M's Harriet Sumner, wife of Mr Benjamin Sumner, who died 14* Aug. 1800, aged 28 years. No more, my friend, dont mourn for me, I'm gone into eternity, Make sure of Christ while life remain, And death will be eternal gain. 764 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. Here lyes ye body of Mrs Sarah Sumner, wife of Mr Josiah Sumner, she died Dec. yc 11*, 1741, in ye 25* year of her age. Here lies ye body of Ruth Sumner, daug. of Mr Ebenezer & M™ Susanna Sumner, died May 24*, 1754, in ye 21s' year of her age. Erected in memory of Mr David Sumner, who died Nov. 11*, 1789, in the 72 year of his age. Also his 2Dd wife Mary Sum ner, who died Dec. 25, 1821, in the 89* year of her age. In memory of Mr Jazaniah Sumner, who died May 6*, 1778, aged 66. Also his wife Mrs Judith Sumner, who died Nov. 5*, 1799, aged 68. So sleep the saints and cease to groan, When sin and death have done their worst, Christ has a glory like his own, Which waits to clothe their waking dust. Here lies buried the body of Mr Benjamin Sumner, who de parted thjs life May ye 28*, 1771, in ye 88 year of his age. Here lyes ye body of Deacon George Sumner, aged 81 years, died yc 11* day of December, 1715. Here lyes ye body of Joseph Sumner, son of Mr Benjamin & Mrs Elizabeth Sumner, he died May ye 22d, 1731, in ye 21s' year of his age. Here lyes ye body of Mrs Elizabeth Sumner, wife of Mr Benj. Sumner. She died Oct. 3d, 1735, in y° 50* year of her age. Here lyes buried ye body of Mr George Sumner, he died Dec. 18*, 1732, in ye 67* year of his age. Here lyes buried ye body of Mary Sumner, ye widow of Deacon George Sumner, aged 47 years. Decd yc lBt of April, 1719. Here lyes buried ye body of Deacon Roger Sumner, aged 66 years, Decd May ye 26, 1698. Here lyes ye body of Mls Susanna Sumner, wife of Mr Eben ezer Sumner, she died ye 7* of July A.D. 1760, in ye 47* year of her age. In memory of Mrs Susan Sumner, wife of Mr Jabez Sumner, who died in Child-bed May 1st, 1793, in the 40* year of her age ; the child died at its birth. Here lyes ye body of Mrs Susanna Sumner, ye daughter of Mr George Sumner, Jun.decd. She departed this life May 11, 1752, in ye 21s' year of her age. Here lies buried the body of Mr George Sumner, died Aug. 26, 1730, in ye 27 year of his age. In memory of Mr Nathaniel Swift, who died May ye 13*, 1767, in ye 47 year of his age. Here lies interred the remains of Mrs Ann Swift, the virtuous consort of Samuel Swift, Esq. She exchanged this life for a bet ter May 19, 1762, in the 82 year of her age. Reader, remember thou art born to die, Hark from the grave to youth this is my cry, Withdraw, prepare, think, Act Accordingly. Luke xvi. 31. Here lyes y« body of Mrs Elizabeth Swift, wife to Mr Thomas Swift, she died Dec. 12, 1756, aged 32 years. Here lyes ye body of Sarah Swift, wife to Deacon Thomas Swift, aged 75 years, Decd Feb. ye 4*, 1717-8. Here lyes the body of Betsey Swift, daur of Mr John & Mrs Elizabeth Swift, died Mch 25, 1774, aged 10 months & 29 In memory of Mrs Rebekah Swift, the virtuous wife of Mr Nathaniel Swift, who died 6* Sept. 1793, Mt 70. The sweet remembrance of the just Shall flourish when they sleep in dust. Here lies interred the remains of Samuel Swift, Eaq. who (.|.., departed this life Oct. 13* 1747, aged 64 years. Who never did a slander forge, His neighbor's fame to wound, Nor harken to a false report, By malice whispered round. Who to his plighted vows & trust Had ever firmly stood, And tho' he promised to his loss, He made his promise good. Sacred to the memory of Mrs Judith Swift, wife of Mr Eben ezer Swift, who died April 22d, 1784, aged 55 years. I once did'st stand as thou dost now, To view the dead as thou dost me, But soon you'l lie as low as I, While others stand and gaze at thee. Here lyes the body of Lydia Swift, dau1 to Mr Ebenezer k Mrs Judith Swift, who died July 10*, 1758, aged 4 years & 5 months. Here lies buried ye body of Deacon Thomas Swift, aged 82 years & 8 months. Died JanJ y« 31st, 1717-8. Here lyes buried yc body of Mr Thomas Thacher, son of Mr Peter Thacher, aged 28 years, who died Decr 19*, 1721. Mrs Theodora Thacher, ye daughter of Rev. Mr. John Oxen bridge, Pastor of yc first Church of Boston, and wife of Mr Peter Thacher, aged 38 years, 3 months & 23 days, was Translated from Earth to Heaven Novr ye 18* 1697. This Stone Sacred to ye memory of Mrs Sarah Thacher, Con sort of ye late Oxenbridge Thacher, Jr. Esqr. who died ye 3d of July, 1764, .Et 39. Demands from thee, oh reader, y8 tribute of a tear to her memory, and a thought on thine own dissolution. In memory of Mr Lewis Thomas, who died on his way from Boston to his parents Mr Hushai & Mrs Lucy Thomas in Mid dleborough, with the yellow fever, August 25*, 1798, in his 28* year. Though the great God who reigns on high Hath doomed the race of man to die, Yet saints thereby are cleansed from sin, And in glory rise again. Here lyes buried ye body of Mr Samuel Trescott, who died July 30*, 1730, in ye S4 year of his age. Here lyes buried ye body of Mrs Margaret Trescott, widow of Mr Samuel Trescott, she died March 19* 1741, in ye 90'" year of her age. Luther, son of Samuel & Hannah Toplif, stillborn Nov. 16", 1734. In memory of Mary Paine Tufts, daughter of Mr William 4 M™ Peggy Tufts, who died Sept. 2d, 1791, in the 2d year of her age. Sleep, sleep, sweet babe, and take thy rest, God called thee home, he thought it best, Wipe off your tears, your eyes let dry, We learn from this we all must die. Here lye buried the remains of Susanna Tucker, the wife of Mr Jazaniah Tucker. She departed this life Oct. 2d, 1776, in the 65* year of her age. Here lies interred the body of Mrs James Tucker, who de parted this life Decr ye 22d, 1750, in y« 71st year of her age. Here lyes buried the body of Deacon Nathan Tucker, who departed this life Nov. 8*, 1776, aged 58 years. In memory of Mrs Mary Tucker, the widow of Mr Tucker, who died Oct. 7*, 1792, in the 59 year of her age. MILTON. 765 In memory of Mra Elizabeth, wife of Mr Samuel Tucker, who lied M°h 10*, 1791, in y° 66* year of her age. In memory of Mary W. Tucker, daughter of Mr David & WP Mary Tucker, died Nov. 22d, 1792, aged 12 years. Thrice blessed are the pious dead, Who in the Lord shall die, Their weary flesh as on a bed Safe in the grave shall lie. In memory of Mr Joseph Tucker, who died May 22d, 1789, in the 64 year of his age. To God I now resign my breath, And safely walk the vale of death, With Christ I've lived, with Him I'll die, And pass to immortality. Here lyes y8 body of MrB Waitstill Tucker, the widow of Dea" Manasseh Tucker. She died March ye 19* 1748, in y8 87 year of her age. 1 Here lies ye body of Mrs Sarah Tucker, the widow of Mr James Tucker, she died Sept. y8 16* 1756, in y8 74 year of her age. Here lies the body of Deacon Manasseh Tucker, who died April 8*, 1743, in y° S9 year of his age. Here lyes ye body of James Tucker, of Milton, aged 77 years. Deod Mar"" y8 13*, 1717. In memory of Sarah Tucker, daughter of Mr Samuel & Mrs Elizabeth Tucker, who died Feb. 10*, 1766, in y= 2d year of her age. Here lies buried the body of Mr Manasseh Tucker, Jr., the son of Deacon Manasseh Tucker, who died March 10*, 1730, in the 42a year of his age. Ebenezer, son of Mr Ebenezer Tucker & Elizabeth his wife. He died Sept. 26*, 1775, aged 10 years and 4 months. Here lies buried the body of Deacon William Tucker, who departed this life Dec. y8 9* a.d. 1771, in y8 64* year of his age. The sweet remembrance of the just Shall flourish when he lies in dust. His works of piety and love, Remain before the Lord, — Honor on earth & joys above Shall be his sure reward. In memory of Mrs Mary Tucker, once y8 amiable consort of Capt. Jeremiah Tucker, who departed this life Sep. y8 21 B', 1766, in ye 40* year of her age. In memory of Mr Samuel Tucker, who died May 26* 1776, in ye 57 year of his age. Here lyes y8 body of M™ Rachel Tucker, wife of M' William Tucker. She died JanJ 25* 1744, in y8 34* year of her age. Here lies buried the remains of Capt. Samuel Tucker, who departed this life Dec1 25, 1758, in the 72d year of his age. Here lies y8 body of Esther Tucker, dau' to M' Jazaniah & M" Susanna Tucker. She died July y8 19*, 1755, in y8 13* year of her age. Here lyes y8 body of M« Jean Tucker, widow of M' Ebenezer Tucker. She died Feb. 17*, 1743, in y8 57 year of her age. Here lyes y° body of M' James Tucker, son of W James & M's Sarah Tucker; he died Dec' the 7* 1732, in y8 23d year of his age. In memory of M' Thomas Vose, who died March 27, 1775, in the 36* year of his age. A soul prepared needs no delays, The summons cornea, the soul obeys ; Swift in his flight and short the road, He closed his eyes and saw his God. The flesh rests here till Jesus come, And claim the treasure from the tomb. In memory of Moses Vose, who died Sep. 6*, 1793, aged 21 years, 3 mon. 2 days. Also Elijah Vose, died Sep. 17*, 1774, aged 1 year 12 days. Sons of Moses & Mrs Hannah Vose. In memory of Mrs Abigail Vose, Comfort of Mr Edward Vose, Decead, who died Sept. 8*, 1778, in the 64* year of her age. Here lyes buried the body of Lydia Sumner Vose, daughter of Mr Benjamin s6us~ Ce^- Committee." " Oliver Noyes, J In consequence of the continued strenuous opposi tion to the petition of the people of Muddy River, another petition was sent to the Legislature in the fall of 1705, signed by thirty-two citizens of that village, as follows : BROOKLINE. 805 "To his Excellency, the Governor, Council, and Assembly, in General Court convened. The humble petition of the inhabit ants of Muddy River, ehcweth. "That at a session of this honorable Court, held at Boston on 13 August, 1704, the said inhabitants exhibited their hum ble petition praying, that the said Muddy River might be al lowed a separate village or peculiar, and be invested with such powers and rights, as they may be enabled by themselves to manage the general affairs of the said place. Which petition has been transmitted to the Selectmen of the Town of Boston, that they may consider the same; since which your humble petitioners, not having been informed of any objection made by the Town of Boston, aforesaid, we presume, that there is no obstruction to our humble request made in our petition. "Wherefore we humbly beseech your Excellency, that this honorable Court will be pleased to proceed to pass an Act for the establishing of the said place a separate village or peculiar, with such powers as aforesaid, and your petitioners shall ever pray. "Samuel Sewall, Jr. "Thos. Gardner. "Benjamin White. "Thomas Steadman. "John Winchester. "Samuel Aspinwall. "Eleazer Aspinwall. " William Sharp. "Edward Devotion. "Josiah Winchester, Jr. "John Ellis. "John Winchester, Jr. "Thomas Woodward. " Holland. " Gardner. "Joseph White. Josiah Winchester. John Devotion. Joseph Gardner. Thomas Steadman, Jr. John Ackers. Josiah Steadman. Thomas Gardner, Jr. Ralph Shepard. Abraham Chamberlain. Peter Boylston. John Ackers, Jr. William Ackers. Benjamin White, Jr. Caleb Gardner. John Seaver. Henry Winchester." The prayer of the above petition was granted on the thirteenth day of November, 1705, as appears by the following record of the town grants : "Anno Regni Annm Regime Quarte. " At a great and general Court for her Majesty's Province of the Massachusetts Bay, in New England, begun and held, at Boston upon Wednesday, 13th May, 1705 and continued by several prorogations unto Wednesday, 24th October, following and then met, 13th November, 1705. " In Council. "The order passed by the Representatives, upon the Petition of the inhabitants of Muddy River, a Hamlet of Boston, read on Saturday last, "Ordered, That the praier of the petition be granted; and the powers k Privileges of a Township, be given to the Inhab itants of the lands commonly known by the name of Muddy River, The Town to be called Brooklyn; who are hereby en joined to build a meeting-house, & obtain an able Orthodox Minister, according to the Direction of the Law, to be settled among them, within the Space of Three Years next coming. " Provided, That all Common Lands, belonging to the Town of Boston, lying within the bounds of the said Muddy River, not disposed of, or alloted out, shall still remain to the Proprie tors of said lands. "Which order, being again read, was concurred, and is con sented to. " Joseph Dudley. "A True Copy Examined by me, " Isaac Addington, Secretary." Origin of Towns. — The early history of this sec tion of country has a peculiar charm to those who are descendants of the early settlers, and they may take just pride in the fact that this is one of the finest specimens of a New England town. The origin of these bodies politic has a curious and interesting history. It is believed to have been an institution originating in and peculiar to the colonies, as nothing had existed like them in any of the older countries. The " Hundreds'' or Tithings of England may have suggested the idea, but those have a different purpose. They are for the purpose of civil and domestic police, while the division of a territory into local districts, bounded by geographical lines, the inhabitants clothed with corporate powers and duties like the towns of old Massachusetts, is an institution originating in the colonies planted here. It is highly probable the result, in part, of accident at first, like many other measures of the early settlers, while, later on, their wisdom, foresight, and good judgment led them to adapt their policy to the condition of the people. Many of the early towns simply had the name changed by order of the General Court, as, for example, "that Trimountain shall be called Boston," while other set tlements, in process of time, were allowed to organize and take on the form of town government on certain conditions, such as the support of the gospel, main tenance of highways, and the general management of municipal affairs, and the support of free schools. The chief requisition in the incorporation of this town being the building of a meeting-house and the supporting of an " orthodox minister." " To be made a Town, then, in 1705, was to be admitted to an equal partnership in that great com pany of Massachusetts municipalities, which were gradually but surely building up the Colony into a grand Commonwealth, fit to take its stand and do its whole share in establishing and upholding an Inde pendent and United Nation. The old Colony of Plym outh, with all its cherished Pilgrim associations, after just threescore years and ten of separate existence, had been made a part of Massachusetts, only fifteen years before, under the new Provincial Charter. There were at that time about eighty-two towns in Massa chusetts, not including such as have since fallen within the jurisdiction of Maine, or other adjoining States; there are now, I believe, more than three hundred and forty. Brookline was the eighty-third, if my careful friend, Mr. W. H. Whitmore, has counted correctly ; and she was not slow in attesting her title to be in cluded in this goodly fellowship. Her records, in deed, afford ample evidence of the patriotism and public spirit which have characterized her inhabitants 806 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. in every memorable period from that day to this." — Winthrop. The inhabitants having been duly organized and be come a town, entered immediately upon the duties of a municipal corporation. The first meeting was held at the old school-house on Monday, March 4, 1706, and the first business was to choose town officers. The following is a record of the first town-meeting : " Brooklin 1706 " At a Meeting of the Inhabitants of Brooklin on Munday March 4th 1705/6 leagally warned " Voted that Peter Boylston should sarve as Counstable for this present yeare "Voted that five Select-men be chosen to manage the affairs of this Town. The parsons chosen by vote of ye Inhabitants to serve as Select men for this present yeare were Leut. Thomas Gardner Samuel Aspenwall John Winchester Josiah Winchester Mr Samuel Sewal "Voted that Josiah Winchester sen'r should serve as Town dark for this yeare instant "Voted that 3 met parson b.e chosen for Assessors for this present yeare "Voted that Samuel Aspenwall Joseph Gardner and Rogger Adams should serve as Assessors for this yeare currant "Voted that Daniel Harris and Samuel clark should sarve as Tything-men "Voted that Eleazer Aspinwall Benjamin White jun'r and Robert Harris should serve as surveighers of High wayes "Voted that John Winchester jun'r & Edward Devotion should serve as fence viewers " Voted that Daniel Harris and Thomas Stedman jun'r should be overseears of the Common-Lands In Brooklin for this yeare Currant "Voted that Nathaniel Holland and William Sharp should serve as Hawards or field-drivers for this yeare " At a Town Meeting of ye Inhabitants of Brooklin March 25 1706 leagally warned " Voted that John Winchester sen'r should serve as an assessor for this present yeare in the Rome of Rogger Adams who refused to serve " Voted that there should be a Burying place in this Town of Brooklin. " Voted that the Burying-place should be on a spot of Land on the south side of the Hill in Mr Cottons farm pointing be tween the two Roads if it can be attaind. "At this Meeting of the Inhabitants they were desired to manifest their minds concerning their Building a Meting-house In Brooklin and setling an Orthodox Minister there which proposal was declined by them and left to further considera tion " Voted that twelve pound be levied by tax upon the Inhabit ants of this Town for Repairing the School-House and for the Support of the School for this present yeare. 1706. " John Winchester sen'r Samuel Aspenwal and Joseph Gard ner being chosen Assessors of the province Tax to be levied on this Town for this present yeare, mad Oath to perform the work, and office of Assessors as the Law Directs adminisr to them by Josiah Winchester, Town clark, on March, 25, 170f Ecclesiastical History. — Attending Church in Roxbury. — On the 10th of December, 1672, the meet ing-house belonging to the church in Roxbury, where the people of Brookline attended, needing repairs, it was, " after much debate with love and condescending one to another, concluded by Voate to build a ' nue' meeting house as near the other as conveniently may be;" and on the 14th of April, 1674, the selectmen and the committee met at Sergt. Ruggles', and " there toke account of the number of hands that were hired to help ' raze' the nue meeting-house." In the con struction of this building the people of Brookline contributed £104 5s., and worshiped there until the erection of their own church, in 1715, one-fifth part of the church being allotted to them, they having contributed in that proportion towards the parish ex penses. Here follows a list of the contributors: A List of the names and sums of our Brethren & neighbors of Muddy River that they contribute towards the erecting of a new meeting house in Roxbury. John Clarke 3 0 0 Edward Mills 0 10 0 James Clarke 1 10 0 Edward Devotion... 5 0 0 Henry Stevens 5 0 0 John Parker 1 10 0 Edward Keebe 1 10 0 0 10 0 Thomas Gardner.. 10 II 0 John White, Jr.... 111 ' 0 Peter Aspinwall... 7 0 0 John Sharpe, Jr.. 5 0 0 Thomas Boistan... 5 0 (1 Richard Wolford.. 1 10 0 Andrew Gardner.. 5 II 0 3 n 0 Moises Crafts 2 0 0 Clement Corban... 1 10 0 n 15 0 i3 111 II II John Winchester.. 0 4 0 11 2 0 0II II 0 Denman Meriam.. 1 0 11 Goodwife Keebe.... Mrs. Mather") and J- 7 0 0 James Rementon J Thomas Woodward 0 10 0 Goodman Winches ter Samuel Dunkin 1 0 10 Total 104 5 0 For many years previous to the incorporation of the town of Brookline the people subjected them selves to great inconveniences before they were able to erect a house of worship, and uuited with a neigh boring society. Tradition informs us that they as sembled regularly with the church in Roxbury, and according to the records of that church many were admitted members on equal terms with its own members, to partake of the benefit of gospel ordi nances. " In the year 1698 the Select men of Roxbury with the Dea cons being a commite choson by the Town of Roxbury for seat ing people in the meting House they sent to the Inhabitants of Muddyriver to request of them to send sum Men to set with them selves In sd commitie to Act for and in behalf of the rest of the Inhabitants in that Respect upon which motion the In habitants of Muddyriver being notified did convean to gether to consider of this matter and cam to this result that they would chuse by voate three men and send to assist In managin the matter aforesaid, the persons chosen were Leut. Thomas Gard ner. Sarg't Benjamin White & John Winchester who met and sat with them at time and place appointed at which time it was demanded what Right and previledg the Town of Roxbury did aprehend that the Inhabitants of Muddyriver ought to injoy in sd Meting-house and it was Granted they ought to have a fifth part and accordingly to defrey one fifth part of the expens & charge that did arise for Repairing sd Metinghouse. at which place namely at Mr. John Rugglses house at ye Flower-de-luce BROOKLINE. 807 in Roxbury upon the 21 of February In the year 1699 thes three men chosen as a foresaid by the Inhabitants of Muddy river did on behalf the Rest of the Inhabitants defray the fifth part of all past and present charges their part amounting to six pound k four shilings." First Meeting-House in Brookline. — When the act of incorporation was passed -it contained a clause [ which enjoined the building of a meeting-house and [ the settling of an " able orthodox minister" within three years. But, for reasons not stated, this act was not carried into effect till nine years later. The first record having reference to the building of a meeting-house was March 2, 1713. — "Voted that three men be chosen and ap pointed to surveigh the limits of this town and to find the cen ter or middle thereof and to inquire where a Convenient Place may be Procured whereon to build a meeting-house; as neare the center of said Town as may be." " Voted that Samuel Aspinwall, John Druce k Peter Boylston be appointed a Committee to Manage the afaire relating to the Meeting-house aforesaid." Several places for buildiug were proposed, but, owing to a disagreement, a committee of the General Court was called to fix upon the location. "At a Meeting of the Inhabitants of Brooklin. Regulerly assembled on December 2d 1713. Mr Caleb Gardner jun'r did offer and tender freely to Give and bequeath raifie and confirme unto the Town of Brooklin above said, a piece of Land nigh to his dwelling House, Lyeing west ward therefrom on the left hand of the Roadway Leading to Roxbury. where on to build a Meet ing house for the Publick worship of God. "Voted that Leut. Thomas Gardnar Leut. Samuel Aspin wall Mr Joseph White. Mr Thomas Stedman and Mr John Sever, be a Commite for the sd Town to treate with Mr Caleb Gardnar above sd about the Bounds of sd piece of Land, and to Desire of him a Legal Conveighance and Confirmation thereof to sd Town. "Voted that the Meting-House aforesaid should be of the same Demensions with the Meting-House in the South-west part of Roxbury. "Voted that Leut. Thomas Gardnar. Leut. Samuel Aspinwall Mr Erosamond Drew. Mr Thomas Stedman & Mr John Sever be a Committee to Manage the Concern or affair of Building the above said Meeting-House." The committee of the General Court decided upon the above location as the best, and no further opposi tion was manifested. It must be borne in mind that at this time the cemetery lot on the south side of the road had not been purchased, and neither Cypress Street nor the old " Worcester Turnpike" had been thought of. The spot where this old meeting-house stood is that now occupied by Mr. John Townsend as a stable-lot, formerly the old parsonage ground. This " mcting-hous spott" contained about one-quarter of an acre of land, and cost about fifteen pounds and eighteen shillings. The building stood with the side to the road, having entrances at the east and west ends, and a door in the centre of the front. On account of the extra expense incurred in the erection of the meeting-house, Dec. 2, 1713, it was " voted not to send a Representative to General Court,'' as they were " too poor." The frame of this church was raised Nov. 10, 1714, and the following anecdote is told of the two builders, — Deacon Samuel Clark and Lieut. Isaac Gardner : " The young carpenters, when the frame was raised, played at leap-frog on the ridge-pole. They lived to be, the one eighty-one years of age and the other eighty-three, and each came to the same place of worship in his old age supported by two canes or crutches." The meeting-house was forty-four feet long and thirty-five feet wide. It originally contained but fourteen pews and several long benches. There was a gallery, and probably long benches therein for the children, who, in those days, never sat with their parents. Afterwards fourteen more pews were added on the floor and four in the gallery. There was no steeple to this house till the town voted, in Septem ber, 1771, to build one. It is generally supposed that those who assisted at the raising had a pretty good time, with plenty to eat and to cheer, as was the custom at raisings in those days. It also appears there was some fault found, as may be seen in the following vote : October 31, 1715. — "Att a Town meeting. Legally Warned that whereas a Demurr being raised among the inhabitants of the Town Concerning the cost and manner of the Dinner that was Provided att the Raising of the meeting House." " Voted that they do Allow both of the cost and manner thereof." " Our meeting-house — our meeting-house, — It stood upon a hill, Where autumn gales and wintry blasts Piped around it loud and shrill. " No steeple graced its homely roof With upward-pointing spire; Our villagers were much too meek A steeple to desire. " And never did the welcome tones Of Sabbath-morning bell Our humble village worshippers The hour of worship tell." The pulpit was of oak, and upon it was kept an hour-glass for measuring the time. Over the pulpit was an immense sounding-board, a thing common in early days. A clock was a luxury not yet aspired to by the fathers of the town. May 16, 1715. — Voted, "that the committee shall lay the lower floor and gallery floors, fill the walls with brick and laithe & Plaister with lime, to set up all the Windows and Glaze them and to make and set up all the Doors, to be performed with con venient speed, and that they shall also Clapboard the house throughout." Also voted, the committee "shall glaze the win dows with Diamond glase." 808 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. The building having at length been completed, it was dedicated to public worship June 3, 1715. Rev. Nehemiah Walter, pastor of the First Church in Rox bury, and for several years colleague with the famous " Apostle Eliot," preached the sermon. Next came the " Seating of the meting-hous." A principal part of the lower floor was divided into long seats, and heads of families were located in situations remote from their respective households. The seats were arranged by persons appointed by the town for that purpose, respect being had to dignity, age, standing, etc. " March 12 1716 Att a meeting of the inhabitants of Brook line Legally warned : "Voted that the vacant room in the meeting house aforesd. .rhereon to erect pews be disposed of by sale to those persons who by a committe chosen by the vote of the town for that end, shall think meet : and consequently a committe was elected : to wit: Josiah Winchester sen'r Erosamond Drew. Samuel As- pinwal. John Druce John Winchester Thomas Stedman & Ben jamin White Jun'r. "The Committe Chosen to dispose of the vacant room in ye meeting house whereon to Erect Pews k to vallue the same having concluded that Affair made their return. And by order of the select men it is here Entered tp me John Seaver Town Clerk May 1-1718 k is as followeth— " To Mr Sam'll Sewall the sd committe ordered that he should have that spott or room next the Pulpit on the west, k vallued it at five pounds, who accepted thereof. "To John Winchester sen'r said committe ordered that he should have the next spott or room westerly of mr Sowall's k vallued it at four pounds k ten shillings who accepted thereof. "To Capt. Sam'll Aspinwall the said Committe ordered that he should have that spott or room at the westerly Corner of the meeting house, & vallued it at three pounds and fifteen shillings who accepted thereof " To Lt. Thomas Gardner the said Committe ordered that he should have that spott or room between Capt. Aspinwall's And the westerly Door of the meeting house and vallued it at four pounds k ten shillings who accepted yr of " To John Seaver the said Committe ordered that he should have that spott or room between the westerly Door of the meet ing house & the stairs leading to the mens Gallerrie A vallued it at four pounds k five shillings who accepted thereof "To John Druce the said Committe ordered that he should have that spott or room on the left hand of the going up the stairs, into the mens Gallery k vallued it at three pounds & ten shillings who accepted thereof. "To Joseph Gardner the said Committe ordered that he should have that spott or room on the left hand of the coming in at the Southerly Door of the meeting house k vallued it at three pounds k ten shillings who accepted thereof "To Josiah Winchester sen'r the sd committe ordered that he should have that spott or room on the right hand of the coming in at the southerly Door of the meeting house k vallued it at three pounds k ten shillings who accepted thereof " To Thomas Stedman the said Committe ordered that he should have that spott or room between Josiah's Winchester's k the going up into the women's Gallery and vallued it at three pounds and ten shillings who accepted thereof. "To William Sharp the said Committe ordered that he should have that spott or room between the stairs leading up into the women's Gallery k the Easterly Door of the meeting house & vallued it at four pounds and ten shillings who accepted thereof. " To Ensign Benjamin White the said Committe ordered that he should have that spott or room on the right hand of the com ing ip at the east Door of the meeting house k vallued it at three pounds who accepted thereof. "To Benjamin White Jun'r the said Committe ordered that he should have that spott or room between Ensign White's and Peter Boylston's k vallued it at four pounds who accepted thereof. " To Peter Boylston the said committe ordered that he should have that spot or room at the North corner of the meeting house between Benjamin White's and the minister's Pew k vallued it at three pounds and ten shillings who accepted yr of " The said Committe appointed the minister's pew to be next the Pulpit on the right hand of the going up into the Pulpit on the North" When Hon. Jonathan Mason purchased the house formerly belonging to Deacon Benjamin White, now the residence of Hon. Theodore Lyman, he removed the old farm-house to make room for a new one in 1809, and between the floors was found a paper con taining the following account of the manner in which the congregation were seated on the ninth day of March, 1719, as follows: " Whole number of individuals seated, 66, of whom 28 couples were men and their wives. " In the men's foreseat, in the body seats are seated Josiah Winchester, Capt. Aspinwall, Joseph Gardner and Edward De votion. " In the second seat, are seated William Story, Joseph God dard, Thomas Woodward, Daniel Harris and John Ackers. " In the third seat, are seated James Griggs, Samuel Newell, Abraham Chamberlain, Ebenezer Kendrick and Robert Harris, " In the fourth seat, are seated Thomas Lee, William Davis and Joseph Scott. " In the front foreseat in the gallery, are seated Caleb Gard ner, Josiah Winchester, Samuel White, Henry Winchester, Joseph Adams, Robert Sharp, Thomas Cotton and Samuel Clark, Jun. " In the foreseat in the side gallery, are seated Joshua Sted man, William Gleason, Dudley Boylston, Addington Gardner, John Taylor, Stephen Winchester and Philip Torrey. " In the second seat in the front, are seated Isaac Gleason, John Wedge, Thomas Woodward, Jun., and James Goddard. "In the women's foreseat, in the body seats are seated the wife of Josiah Winchester, sen., the widow Ackers, the wife of Joseph Gardner and the wife of Edward Devotion. " In the second seat, are seated the wife of William Story, the wife of Joseph Goddard, the wife of Thomas Woodward, the wife of Daniel Harris, the wife of John Ackers and the widow Hannah Stedman. " In tho third seat, the wife of James Griggs, the wife of Samuel Newell, the wife of Abraham Chamberlain, the wife of Ebenezer Kenrick, and the wife of Robert Harris. " In the fourth seat, the wife of Thomas Lee, the wife of Wil liam Davis, and the wife of Joseph Scott. " In the front foreseat in the gallery, the wife of Samuel White, the wife of Henry Winchester, the wife of Joseph Adams, the wife of Robert Sharp and the wife of Samuel Clark, jun. " In the foreseat in the side gallery, the wife of Joshua Sted man, the wife of William Gleason, the wife of Dudley Boylston, the wife of Addington Gardner, the wife of John Taylor. BROOKLINE. 809 " In the second seat in the front, the wife of John Wedge and the wife of James Goddard." Second Meeting-House.— -The old church edifice, after standing more than fourscore years, was quite inadequate to accommodate the increased population of the town. The congregation received quite a large accession, soon after Dr. Pierce's ordination, of Dor chester people who removed here, following their fellow-townsmen in whom they took a just pride. Among these were the Robinsons, Withingtons, Leeds, Tolmans, and others. The subject of building a new meeting-house was soon agitated, and some mischievous person, probably- desiring to facilitate the matter, set fire to the old one. It was soon discovered and extinguished after some damage to one of the rear corners. May 16, 1804, it was voted to build a new meet ing-house on the site of the old one. This, however, was found to be impracticable for various reasons, and the vote was reconsidered. On the 5th of September of the same year it was voted to build the meeting-house on the spot occupied by the present house. In April, 1805, the corner-stone was laid. The frame was raised by the help of machinery in a few days. The architect and master-builder was Mr. Peter Banner, an Englishman. This man settled in Brookline, and for many years after his death his widow occupied the house in Aspinwall Avenue, until recently occupied by Mr. Melcher. The new meeting-house stood fronting the street, with a grass-plat in front of it. It was sixty eight feet long and sixty-four feet wide, with a porch nineteen feet long and thirty-eight feet wide. There were lobbies or anterooms each side of the porch, eleven feet square. There was no cellar under the building, it being a rocky foundation, and the house was raised up a little from the ground, and openings on either side in the underpinning af forded space for ventilation. The height of the house was thirty-five feet and six inches from the foundation to the eaves. The spire measured one hundred and thirty-seven feet from the ground. There were seventy-four pews on the floor and four teen in the gallery. Afterwards, during Dr. Pierce's ministry, some improvements were added. No pro vision was ever made for warming the old church, and the women carried foot-stoves with them. The new church was warmed by two square-box stoves in which wood was burned. The pulpit and the caps of the pews were made of Southern cherry-wood, contrib uted by Stephen Higginson, Jr. The bell, which was cast in London and weighed one thousand pounds, was given by Hon. Stephen Higginson, father of the above. Mr. John Lucas, who lived nearly opposite the Reservoir, gave four hundred dollars, out of which was purchased a clock. Richard Sullivan, Esq., who lived on the place now owned by Mrs. Bowditch, gave a hundred and fifty dollars for the stone steps. Mr. Thomas Walley gave an elegant pulpit Bible valued at thirty-six dollars. Mr. David Hyslop gave a baptismal basin, which cost forty-seven dollars. The whole cost of the house was eighteen thousand and eighty-three dollars. Some additional expenses (of furnishing probably) brought the amount up to twenty thousand one hundred and ninety-three dol lars, and the whole was apportioned on the pews, which were sold at auction. No pew on the first floor was priced at less than one hundred and sixty dollars, and none in the gallery at less than one hundred and ten dollars. The highest cost of a pew, including a bonus paid for a choice, was five hundred and twenty-five dollars. Dr. Pierce preached a valedictory sermon on leav ing the old house, June 8, 1806. The valedictory sermon was from the text, "Lord, I have loved the habitation of thy house and the place where thine honor dwelleth." The dedication sermon, June 11, 1806, was from the words, " In all places where I record my name, I will come unto thee and I will bless thee." The next day the work of demolishing the old church commenced. The ancient pulpit, which had been faith fully pounded and belabored by the fists of the ener getic Mr. Jackson, was denuded of its upholstery, and carried into the parsonage attic, where it served as a play-house for the pastor's children for many years. The hour-glass, whose sands had run through many a tedious hour for the unfed souls in the old house, or had needed turning only too quickly for the more devotional, now served its time in fleeting minutes among the attic treasures of the little ones. The ancient pewter christening basin, from which Mr. Jackson had bathed the infant brow of many a now o-ray-haired father and mother of the town, was turned to domestic uses in the pastor's house. The ancient church for many years, instead of hav ing a sexton, was taken care of by a slave belonging to" the Sewall family, as Henry Sewall's bill against the town for the services of his " slave Felix" in that capacity is still in existence. The first white sexton of whom we can gather any 810 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. account was a man named Blanchard, who lived in a little house on the Aspinwall estate, close to Wash ington Street. He was succeeded, if we are correctly informed, by Capt. Benjamin Bradley, who served for many years in that capacity after the second meeting house was built. In 1829 or 1830, Mr. Eiisha Stone succeeded Capt. Bradley as sexton of the church, which office he filled for thirty years. He was a plodding but faithful cit izen in the duties not only of his office as sexton, but was the only undertaker and constable in the town for many years. He lived to lay away all but two of his own large family in the cemetery whither he had car ried so many of our townspeople, and where he at last was borne, worn out with the infirmities of age. Previous to Dr. Pierce's time there had been pre sented at various times to the First Church four silver tankards. One was the gift of Edward Devotion, in 1744 ; one the gift of Miss Mary Allen, daughter of the first minister, in 1750 ; one was given by Miss Ann White, and one by Mrs. Susanna Sharp in 1770. In the same year two silver cups were presented by Thomas and Mary Woodward, and two more were given by William Hyslop in 1792. This ancient sil ver is still the property of the church, just as it was presented. In addition to these, two silver cups were presented by Miss Prudence Heath, in 1818, and two by Deacon Robinson and wife the same year. Third Meeting-House. — The meeting-house and the minister grew old together. There would have been something incongruous in the building of a modern church, with stained-glass windows and new and fashionable appointments, while Dr. Pierce was the only minister. The house and the minister were in perfect adaptation to each other. Many regretted that the fine, substantial old edifice should be taken down. It much resembled Dr. Putnam's church, on Roxbury Hill, and might have been as well preserved till the present day ; but there being no cellar under it, furnaces could not be introduced, and it was not thought advisable to refit a building which must be warmed by stoves. It was also difficult for Mr. Knapp to preach in it. In 1848 the new church at present standing was built. The corner-stone for a new church was laid June 1, 1848. The dedication took place Dec. 1, 1848. The shrubbery around it was set out by Dr. Charles Wild, in the spring of 1849. First Church of Brookline. — This church was or ganized Oct. 26, 1717, and the following covenant was read and adopted : " We, whose names are hereunto subscribed, apprehending ourselves called of God to join together in church communion, acknowledging our unworthiness of such a privilege, and our inability to keep covenant with God, unless Christ shall enable us thereto, in humble dependence on free grace for divine as sistance and acceptance, do in the name of Jesus Christ, freely covenant and bind ourselves to serve the Lord, Father, Sou and Holy Ghost, cleaving to him as our chief good; and unto our Lord Jesus as our only Saviour, prophet, priest and king of our souls, avouching the Lord to be our God, and the God of our children, whom we give unto him, counting it a high favour, that the Lord will accept of us, and our children with us to be his people. " We do also give ourselves unto another in the Lord, cove nanting to walk together, as a Church of Christ, in all the ways of his worship, according to his word ; promising in brotherly Love, to watch over one another's souls, and to sub mit ourselves to the discipline of Christ in his church, and to attend the seals and censures, or whatever ordinances Christ has commanded to be observed by his people; beseeching the Lord to own us for his people, and to delight to dwell in the midst of us. That we may keep our covenant with God, we desire to deny ourselves, and to depend on the free mercy of God and merits of Christ; and, wherein we fail, to wait on him for pardon, through his name, beseeching the Lord to own us, as a Church of Christ, and to delight to abide in the midst of us." This covenant was read in public, and the church gathered by the Rev. Ebenezer Thayer, pastor of the Second Church of Christ in Roxbury, Oct. 26, 1717, one hundred and sixty-seven years ago. At that time seventeen males and twenty-two females were united in church fellowship. List of the original members of the First Church in Brookline, Oct. 26, 1717 : Males. James Allen. Joshua Stedman. Thomas Gardner. John Winchester. John Winchester. Caleb Gardner. Joseph White. Benjamin White. Josiah Winchester. Samuel White. Samuel Sewall. Amos Gates. William Story. Ebenezer Kenrick. Joseph Goddard. Addington Gardner. Thomas Stedman. Females. * Mary Gardner. Sarah Winchester. Joanna Winchester. Abiel Gardner. Hannah White. Ann White. Mary Winchester. Hannah Kenrick. Mary Boylston. Tryphena Woodwar Sarah Stedman. Eunice Clark. Desire Ackers. Mary Gardner. Hannah Stedman. Susanna Gardner. Rebecca Sewall. Elizabeth Boylston. Abigail Story. Elizabeth Taylor. Mary Stedman. Francis Winchester. The deacons of the First Church in Brookline have been as follows : Thomas Gardner, elected Dec. 7, 1718. Benjamin White, elected Dec. 7, 1718 ; resigned Feb. 12, 1749. Samuel Clark, resigned Feb. 12, 1749; died May 7, 1766, age 81. BROOKLINE. 811 Thomas Cotton, dismissed to Pomfret. Ebenezer Davis, elected Feb. 19, 1749 ; resigned April 5, 1770; died Sept. 30, 1775, age 72. Joseph White, elected Feb. 19, 1749 ; resigned April 5,1770; died Aug. 19, 1777, age 75. Eiisha Gardner, elected April 15, 1770 ; resigned Dec. 2, 1792 ; died Jan. 29, 1797, age 70. William Bowles, elected April 15, 1770 ; dismissed to Newton, Sept. 20, 1772. Samuel Clark, elected Feb. 27, 1797; died March 29, 1814, age 61. John Robinson, elected Feb. 27, 1797; died Jan. 13, 1855, age 92. Joshua Child Clark, elected May 1, 1814 ; died July 4, 1861, age SO. Abijah Warren Goddard, elected Oct. 17, 1856. Benjamin B. Davis, elected Oct. 17, 1856; died Aug. 22, 1877. First Church. — The church having been organized, and the meeting-house completed, the next in order was to choose a minister. On the 23d of July, 1718, a fast was observed in the new church " to seek divine direction in the ordination of a minister." Rev. Dr. Cotton Mather and Rev. Dr. Colman offi ciated on that occasion. Dec. 10, 1716, the following vote was passed, viz. : " Att a meeting of the Inhabitants of Brookline legally warned, chose mr James Allin to be our settled minister in sd Town. "Voted to give mr Allin 100 pounds gratuity for settlement & 80 pounds Sallary." On the 18th of February, 1717, the following per sons were chosen' to treat with Mr. James Allen, viz. : Lieut. Thomas Gardner, John Winchester, Joseph White, Ensign Benjamin White, Josiah Winchester, Capt. Samuel Aspinwall, and Erosaman Drew. Mr. Allen having accepted the call extended him, he was ordained Nov. 5, 1718, as their first pastor. Rev. Benjamin Colman, D.D., and Rev. Benjamin Wadsworth, D.D., made the prayers on that occasion ; Rev. Cotton Mather, D.D., gave the charge, Rev. Jeremiah Shepard, of Lynn, gave the right hand of fellowship. Mr. Allen preached his own sermon, as was customary in the early days of the church settle ments: text, Matthew xxiv. 45, 46, 47: "Who then is a faithful and wise servant?" Rev. James Allen was the son of Peter and Mary Allen, born in Roxbury, Mass., June 5, 1692 ; grad uated at Harvard College, 1710. He was a man of piety and talents. For the greater portion of his ministry he and his people were happily united. Dur ing the troublous times which deeply agitated the churches in this region just before the middle of the last century, he was active in the new measures which were then pursued. But from certain causes, to such excesses did it lead, that he, who had during its progress considered it as the work of God, in a public and explicit manner ascribed it to a very different origin. This led many to join a new society, which had for its pastor Mr. Jonathan Hyde, a zealous but illiterate layman from Canterbury, Conn., who was ordained Jan. 17, 1751. Mr. Allen preached in this town for about twenty- eight years. He lived on the south side of Walnut Street, nearly opposite Cypress Street, where he died of a lingering consumption, and was buried in the Brookline Cemetery. The character of Mr. Allen, as given by his contempora ries and by others who were well acquainted with him, is that of a pious and judicious divine, and the seven publications of his do honor to his head and his heart. He died on the 18th of February, 1747, aged fifty-six. The printed works of Mr. Allen were : 1. "A Thanksgiving Sermon." Psalms cxvi. 12. Nov. 8, 1722. 2. " The Wheels of the World Governed by a Wise Providence." Ezekiel i. 15-16. 1727. 3. " The Doctrine of Merit Exploded and Humility Recommended." Luke xvii. 10. 1727. 4. " Thunder and Earthquake, a Loud and Awful Call to Reformation." Isaiah xxix. 6. A fast-day sermon occasioned by the earthquake in 1727. 5. " Evangelical Obedience the Way to Eternal life." A sermon to a society of young men in Brook line. Matthew xix. 1G-17. 1731. 6. " The Eternity of God, and the Short Life of Man Considered." A sermon on the death of Samuel Aspinwall, A.M. Psalms cii. 11-12. Aug. 13, 1732. 7. " Magistracy an Institution of Christ upon the Throne." An election sermon. Isaiah vi. 1. May 30, 1744. After the decease of Mr. Allen, Rev. Mr. Walley, who had been supplying the pulpit during Mr. Al len's last illness, preached occasionally, and May 13, 1747, the following was the action of the town : "Voted that the Town Desired to hear some other Ministers besides Mr. Walley " Voted that the Select Men are to Provide three young Min isters to preach two Sabbath Days Each Namely Mr. Wally Mr. Cheokly and Mr. Hale." May 18, 1747. " Voted that the Select men are to procure Mr. Stevens and Mr. Harrington to preach two Sabbath Days Each" Several candidates supplied the pulpit till Feb. 12, 1748, when the town voted as their " choise" Rev. Cotton Brown, of Haverhill, Mass., who was ordained their pastor, Oct. 26, 1748. Rev. Mr. Cotton, of Newton, and Rev. Mr. Walter, of Roxbury, offered prayers ; Dr. Appleton, of Cambridge, gave the charge; Rev. Mr. Townsend, of Needham, gave the right hand of fellowship ; Rev. Samuel Cook preached 812 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. the sermon from 2 Timothy ii. 2, which was published. So short was his ministry that his people hardly had an opportunity to become acquainted with him before he was summoned to the world of spirits. He died of a violent fever, April 13, 1751. Rev. Cotton Brown was the son of Rev. John and Joanna (Cotton) Brown, and grandson of Rev. Rowland Cotton, of Sandwich, Mass., and a lineal descendant of Rev. John Cotton, of Boston, who formerly held a large amount of land in Brookline, among the earliest allot ments. He was born in Haverhill, Mass., about 1726, graduated at Harvard College, 1743. He was en gaged to Mary Allen, a daughter of his predecessor, Mr. Allen, and the house known as the " Walley" house was erected for him to live in. The young lady, however, died in 1750, and he died in 1751, at the early age of twenty-five, having been pastor two years, five months, and eighteen days. The eminent Dr. Cooper, of Brattle Street Church, spake thus of his character at the time of his decease : '' He was a gentleman, who, by the happiness of his genius, his application to study, and taste for polite literature, his piety and prudence, his sweetness of temper and softness of manners, had raised in his friends the fairest hopes, and gave them just reason to expect in him one of the brightest ornaments of society and a peculiar blessing to the church." Mr. Brown was buried in Brookline Cemetery. Rev. Samuel Haven, afterwards of Portsmouth, N. H., from 1752 to 1806, was invited to settle as pastor, but did not accept their offer. Subsequently Rev. Robert Rogerson, a foreigner, received a call from the church and parish, which he accepted. But certain difficulties arising among the people, he was dismissed by a council in 1753. He afterwards became pastor of a church in Rehoboth, Mass., where he passed a long life in the ministry, highly beloved, respected, and eminently useful. The next clergyman who accepted a call to the Brookline church was Mr. Nathaniel Potter, of, Elizabeth, N. J., who was ordained pastor of the church Nov. 19, 1755. He remained in this con nection three years and a half. He had been hastily called from a distant city, without credentials, and was as hastily settled. Of him Dr. Pierce remarked in an anniversary sermon, that "though professedly ortho dox in faith, he was destined, during a short ministry, to give woeful emphasis to the apostle's monition, ' Lay hands suddenly on no man.' " A bill presented to the town by Deacon Eiisha Gardner for the expenses of this man's ordination possesses a curious interest when viewed with modern eyes : " to monney Pad at The ordanation. old tenor £6. 0 0 0 0 to Rum £1.1 4. 0 to Shugar £1.1 0. 6 to spice to turces (turkeys ?) 3 0. 0. 0 to fouls 1.1.0 0 to pork 3 0 4 6 to crambres 0 0 8 0 to puding pans 0 15 0 £18. 0 2 6" Of this charge the selectmen ordered the paying of £2 8s. 4d., and probably the society paid the rest. Ordinations in those days evidently involved the consideration of material as well as spiritual wants for the time being. Agreeably to his request, he was dismissed June 17, 1759. He delivered a discourse, Jan. 1, 1758, from Jeremiah viii. 20, entitled " A New Year's Gift." Immediately after the departure of Mr. Potter the church proceeded to select another pastor. They were not long without a regular supply for their pulpit, as on the 24th of December the church and parish were united in their choice of Rev. Joseph Jackson to be their pastor. A call was extended to him, who was then a tutor in Harvard College, where he had often preached. The following is the letter of acceptance of the call : " Mr. Jacksons Answer " Cambridge Feb'y 2 1760 "To the Church & Congregation in Brookline "My Christian Friends and Bretheren. " Having by a Committe appointed by you for that purpose received an account of your proceedings with regard to the set tlement of a Minister, and that the great nead of the Church, has disposed your hearts to make choice of me however un worthy, to take the pastoral charge over you, and to desire my answer to your kind Invitation " This is therefore in answer to said invitation to inform you : that being deeply sensible of the difficulty and importance of a right discharge of the Ministerial. office, and from such light as I have been able to obtain, I find myself disposd to accept of your invitation, with this Proviso, thut it shall pleas'd to engage, in case, that Contribution which was Voted shall in any year fall short of thirteen Pounds, Six Shillings k Eight pence, that you will yearly during the time of my being your Pastor, Make up such deficiency, so as to make a sum equal to thirteen Pounds, Six Shillings & Eight pence ^ annum which Sum I have been informed by certain Persons they supposed the condition would amount to. " I ask this not from any desire of making a large estate or living in extravagance at your expense but on the other hand, that I may be so supported as to give myself wholly to the work of the Ministry without any incumbrance on my worldly Affairs —And also that fixing the said Sum may serve to prevent any future uneasiness, which Tho. I have no reason to expeot from you in particular, might Nevertheless possibly happen If I Should hereafter be necessitated to ask it. Your compliance with this alteration in your offers I may rather expect, by being informed in conversation that it was Very likely the Town would comply with it, and also from that kind k generous disposition BROOKLINE. 813 you have already discovered to wards me. Thus my friends, I should choose to Settle among you, to spend k be spent for you, together with my reasons therefor, which I apprehend are no ways inconsistent with that Christian spirit which I desire to exercise to wards you nor with the Character of a Minister of Jesus Christ. "And now may God so overrule your proceedings as shall most effeotually tend to advance his glory k the welfare of your immortal Souls. " If he should so order it, that I should be your Pastor, may I have grace given me from above so to impart to you in spir itual things as that you may never have occasion to repent of bestowing on me these that are temporal That the divine bless ing may always rest upon you, and that you may have direction from Above in all your proceedings, is the earnest Prayer of him who wishes your welfare in this and the coming world " Joseph Jackson" On the 3d of March, 1760, Moses White, Isaac Winchester, Eiisha Gardner, and Joshua Boylston were chosen a " Com'ty to provide for yc Counsel ; — and the sum of Ten pounds to be assessed on the in habitants to defray the charges of Said Ordination." After the usual preparation, Mr. Jackson was regu larly ordained on the 9th of April, 1760. The Rev. Seth Storer, of Watertown, and Rev. Dr. Ebenezer Pemberton, of Boston, offered the prayers; Rev. Dr. Nathaniel Appleton, of Cambridge, gave the charge ; Rev. Samuel Checkley, of Boston, gave the right hand of fellowship ; Rev. Dr. Samuel Cooper, of Boston, preached the sermon (from 2 Tim. i. 7), which sermon was published. Rev. Joseph Jackson was born in Boston about 1734, graduated at Harvard College in 1753 (com menced preaching soon after), and for several years was tutor in that institution. " The great Parent of man, and the Supreme Dis poser of all, was pleased, in his discriminating good ness, to favor Mr. Jackson with shining mental powers, which under the advantages of a collegiate education, were much enlarged. He was quick of apprehension, clear in perception, and in the compre hension of his understanding or soundness of judg ment few excelled him. He was wonderfully endued with talents which qualified him for the important work of the Gospel ministry, and made him a burn ing and shining light in this part of the vineyard of the Lord, — whose praises is in all our churches." He ever sustained a fair moral character, worthy of imitation : his regularity and uniform punctuality were remarkable traits in it. Those well acquainted with him must have seen his amiable deportment in the several relations of life, — as a faithful, tender husband, an affectionate father, a just and equal master ; as a friend, true to his professions, safely to be confided in ; as a minister, diligent, laborious, skillful, — aiming, in his discourses, to inform the mind, affect the heart, and regulate the conduct. Few composed their sermons with so much ease, and yet so pertinently. He was a scriptural, intelligent, and edifying preacher, and judiciously noticed the dispensations of Providence for the instruction and benefit of his hearers. Above all, he was a man of piety and true devotion, — a sincere disciple and ser vant of Jesus Christ. He was an example in word, in conversation, in charity, in faith, in purity, and in all the virtues which adorn the Christian and minis terial character. So he lived, and when he died he received the glorious reward of those who are faithful to the end. He died July 22, 1796, in the sixty- second year of his age, and in the thirty-seventh year of his ministry. Rev. Jacob Cushing, of Waltham, Mass., preached a sermon at his funeral, July 25, 1796, from the text Luke xii. .35-37, which sermon was published. The proceedings at the ordination of Mr. Jackson were somewhat like his predecessor, and the bill of expenses was more than double the appropriation, as may be seen by the following bill : * " Brookline, 1760. Eiisha Gardner's accompt to providing at the Ordination of mr. Joseph Jackson. old tenor to cash for Sundries at the ordination £14. 00. 0 to cash for crambres and Ross water 2. 00. 0 to cash for butter and Eggs and Pickels 2. 15. 0 to cash for to pay the Cakes 6. 00. 0 £24. 15. 0 Errors Excepted. Allowed by the Selectmen." It appears by the above bill that the rum and sugar were omitted in this bill, but probably " Ross water" I served the purpose instead. It seems that the church needed some repairs, and that, as they were to have a new minister, they must put the building in good order. The following bill was presented two days after the ordination : "Aprel the 11 Day 1760. for work Brookline Meeting house on the Pulpit Laying a, floore in the Same and Raising the weather £ s. d. 2.- 2.-8 0.- 5.-4 9.-4 5.-9 Same and Paint and Painting, fo Boairds and Doore caseings for one End of the Meetting hous for a Lock for the Doore and a Paire of hinges • for three Bolts and three Quarters of a hundred of Board nails *• ~* for the Doors and Step. Except Arrows 1.-10.-0 £4.-17.-9 "Ebenezer Thwing." A year later was the following : "Brooklixe March 19, 1761. " The Select men of Brookline in Behalf of ye town to Joshua Davis Dr. Decern 16th 1 A common occurrence at the present day, to exceed appro priations. 814 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. To a Shutter for the Meting-house k a Draw for ye Bible Puting up ye same £0.- 5.-4 To a bench for the School and mending seats 5.-4 " Errors Excepted 10.-8 "Joshua Davis." Mr. Jackson married Hannah, daughter of John Avery, Esq., of Boston, and had two children, a son and daughter. Sarah married, first, Atherton Thayer, of Braintree; second, Stephen Thayer. His son, Joseph, graduated at Harvard College, 1787 ; student of medicine at Portsmouth, N. H., where he died, Aug. 19, 1790. The mother died Oct. 2, 1800. After the death of Joseph Jackson, at a meeting of the town held Aug. 29, 1796, Dr. William Aspin wall, Isaac S. Gardner, Esq., and David Hyslop were chosen a committee to supply the pulpit. The first person called to preach on probation was Rev. John Pierce, A.M., of Dorchester, Mass. Previous to this time a Rev. Mr. Merrick, a resident of Brighton, and a native of England, and Rev. Thomas Craft, of North Bridgewater, who had been dismissed from Princeton, Mass., and others, supplied the pulpit. On the 2d day of October, 1796, Dr. Pierce preached his first sermon to Brookline people, preached four Sabbaths, and then went to Quincy to fulfill a prior engagement. Rev. James Hawley supplied the pul pit till the return of Mr. Pierce. On the 27 th of November, 1796, he resumed preaching in Brook line, and at the end of a few weeks, after preaching ten sermons, the church held a meeting in the old brick school-house, and passed the following votes : 1. "Voted to proceed to the choice of a gospel minister to settle in the town by written Votes." 2. " Voted To choose a committee to wait upon the selectmen with a copy of the votes passed at this meeting and request them to call a Town Meeting, to know whether the Town ap prove of the choice the church have made of Rev John Pierce for a gospel minister to settle in this town, and will unite in making adequate appropriation for his Support." 3. " Voted, That Messrs Samuel Clark — Ebenezer Davis, and David Hyslop be a committee for the above purpose." 4. "Voted, To choose a committee to be joined with such, as the congregation may see fit to appoint, to wait upon Mr. John Pierce with a copy of the Votes of the church and congregation and invite him to settle in this town, and be our minister." 5. "Voted, That Messrs William Aspinwall, Isaac S. Gard ner and David Hyslop be a committee for the above purpose." " Attest, Isaac S. Gardner, " Clerk to the church." " Decern',- 20. 1796. "At a meeting of the inhabitants of the Town of Brookline holden on the 20th Day of December 1796. for the purpose of knowing whether the Congregation would concur with the choice the Church made at their meeting holden on the 13th Inst, of Mr. John Pierce for a Gospel Minister to settle in this Town; "Also to know whether the Town will make appropriation for his settlement and Salary ka. " Wm. Aspinwall Esquire was chosen Moderator. " The Inhabitants gave in their votes and upon counting the same it appeared that Mr. John Pierce was unanimously chosen. "Voted unanimously to give Mr. John Pierce Five hundred Dollars as a Gratuity or settlement. " Voted unanimously, to give Mr. John Pierce four hundred Dollars and sixteen Cords of wood Deliv'd at his Door, or one hundred k six Dollars sixty six tenths k seven mills, in lieu of the wood, also the use of the Parsonage House Barn k.G. an nually, for his salary so long as he shall continue to be our Min ister — provided he shall accept Our invitation to settle with Us. " Then Stephen Sharp and Mr. Ebenezer Heath were chosen a Committee to Join the Committee Chosen by the Church, to wait on Mr. Pierce, with a Copy of the proceedings of the Church and Congregation, and invite him to settle in this Town and be Our Minister. " Then the Meeting was Dissolved. "Attest Stephen Sharp Town Clerk." "February 6, 1797. "At the meeting of the Inhabitants of the Town of Brook-' line, at the brick School house, warnd k assembled according to Law — For the purpose of receiving the report of the Committee appointed to wait on Mr. John Pierce k acquaint him of the proceedings of the church k congregation, and to transact k do any thing relative to the Settlement of a Minister. " Stephen Sharp was chosen Moderator. "Mr. Pierce's answer being read a copy of which is as fol lows, viz. " To the Church and Town of firookline " Christian Friends " Having taken your proposals into serious and attentive con sideration, and sought such counsel and direction, as the im portance of the subject demands, I take this opportunity to inform you that I accept your invitation to settle with you in the ministry. "As to that part of the terms, which you have left optional with me, my choice is to receive the wood. " From the kindness you as a town, have always discovered towards your ministers as well, as from the unanimity, which has marked all your proceeding respecting me, I trust you will ever make provision for my comfortable support 'so long as I shall continue to be your Minister.' " That your brotherly love may continue & increase, that no root of bitterness springing up may disturb your harmony, that you may grow in grace, in the knowledge of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ, and improve in every Christian virtue, is the fer vent wish and shall ever be the constant aim of "your servant " in the Lord "John Pierce. "Cambridge, January 31st, 1797." Dr. Pierce was regularly ordained March 15, 1797. There were present representatives of twelve churches, as a council, convened for the purposes of ordination. After an introductory anthem, the male members of the church were asked if they wished to accept of the Rev. John Pierce as their pastor. An affirmative reply was made, when the candidate made the follow ing response : " In the same public manner you, my Christian BROOKLINE. 815 friends, again invite me to settle with you in the min istry. I renew my acceptance. My inexperience in the sacred profession I have undertaken fills me with painful emotions hitherto unknown. I cannot with hold my most earnest wishes, as it is the subject of my constant prayers, that the solemnities of this day may cement a union which may both promote the cause of religion and conduce to our mutual happi ness." Rev. John Bradford, of Roxbury, led the service in prayer. The sermon — text, 1 Corinthians iii. 10- 15 — was by the Rev. Thaddeus Mason Harris, of Dorchester, of whom it is said he preached his first and his last sermons in this town. Ordaining prayer was by Rev. Peter Thacher, D.D., of Boston. The charge was by Rev. Jacob Cushing, of Waltham. Right hand of fellowship was tendered by Rev. Eliphalet Porter, of Roxbury, of the church where our fathers formerly worshiped. The concluding prayer was by the Rev. William Greenough, of the Second Church in Newton, the exercises closing with an anthem, " Arise, Shine, 0 Zion," etc., under the leadership of Isaac S. Gardner, Esq. The history of the First Church or the town would not be complete without an account of the Rev. Dr. John Pierce. He perhaps did more than any other person to give character to the habits and life of early Brookline. On one occasion a neighbor ing clergyman, the Rev. Dr. Putnam, said, "As I understand it, Dr. Pierce is Brookline, and Brookline is Dr. Pierce," in 1797. Rev. John Pierce, D.D., the son of John and Sarah (Blake) Pierce, was born in Dorchester, Mass., July 14, 1773. His father was a shoemaker, an honest, intelligent, religious man; died Dec. 11, 1833, aged over ninety-one years. From his earliest childhood he had an earnest desire to become a minister. He commenced to study Latin with the same woman who taught his mother, and in 1789 entered Harvard College, graduating with high honors in 1793, with an excellent reputation as a scholar. After leaving college he was assistant pre ceptor of Leicester Academy for two years. In 1795 he commenced the study of theology with Bev. Thad deus Mason Harris, of Dorchester ; approved by the Boston Association, Feb. 22, 1796, and preached for the first time in his native town March 6th, the same year. At the close of the year 1796 he became a tutor in Harvard College, where he remained four months, and while there was called to settle in the town of Brookline, where he spent the remainder of his days. He died Aug. 24, 1849, aged seventy-six years. Dr. Pierce was a fine-looking, tall, large- framed man, with a countenance " beaming with cheerfulness and benignity." His hair from his early manhood was almost white, and became beautiful in its snowy whiteness long before he was old. He remarked during his last sickness that for forty years he had not known what it was to have a physical in firmity worth naming. He had always had a habit of rising early, and either sawing or splitting wood or working in his garden for two hours or more before breakfast. He was so vigorous a walker that, when on an exchange anywhere within six or seven miles, he used to go out and back on foot, and without fatigue. He was temperate both in eating and drinking, and economical without a shade of meanness or miserly tendency. In March, 1849, Dr. Pierce was seized with a sharp, sudden illness. Belief was obtained, but not a cure. He continued to suffer great pain, and, as weeks passed on, seemed gradually failing. During his long ministry he had lost only thirteen Sabbaths by ill health, and several of those were in 1805, when he had a rheumatic fever. He belonged to a long-lived family, and though at an age when most men grow infirm, he was as elastic and vigorous as a boy till the day of his first attack of illness. All was done that love and skill could suggest to arrest the course of the disease, but in vain ; and it soon became apparent that the beloved pastor and friend of the people was soon to be called away. Un used as he was to illness, there was no irritability or impatience, and with unfailing serenity and cheerful ness he waited for the end. In August of that year a new organ was placed in the church, and on Satur day, tho 18th, there was a trial of the instrument. This was, of course, an event of great interest to one so fond of music as the doctor ; and though he was too feeble to walk or ride, he was carried in his chair by some of his young friends to the chureh. There he read some passages from the Scriptures and a hymn, joining heartily in the singing. At his own special request the tune sung was " Old Hundred," which Dr. Pierce used to say was "the best tune that ever was written or ever would be." All rose and sung the hymn standing, except the doctor himself, who playfully asked that the old pastor be excused, as he no longer belonged to " the rising generation." He was borne to his home by the same loving hands, never to be carried out again till he was carried for burial. Daily, however, he received the visits of a host of friends, who came laden with flowers, fruits, or other proofs of their affection, and, in the words of another, " wealth never purchased 816 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. and power never won attentions of all kinds so devoted and loving as were gladly rendered without stint, and in constant anticipation of his slightest wishes," not merely from his own society or townspeople, but from all sects and many towns and the neighboring cities. Dr. Pierce failed very rapidly after his visit to the church at the trial of the organ, but retained pos session of his faculties and consciousness until the evening of Thursday, August 23d. His last words were spoken that evening to Mr. Shailer, who with the family and two or three near friends were present. Mr. Shailer made an inquiry respecting the petition which he should offer for him in the evening prayer, to which he replied, " Entire submission to the Divine will." He never spoke again, but still reclining in the chair which he had occupied for weeks without lying down, he quietly breathed his last at half-past eleven, in the forenoon, Aug. 24, 1849, aged seventy-six years. No one has any moral right to do for him that which he always refused to do for himself— class him anywhere as a theologian. He must be simply known as an " eclectic Christian," to use his own terms ; and if this phrase is indefinite, it must be remembered that it has all the precision which he desired. On one point we may, however, be very explicit. He set his face like a flint against every form of sectarian exclusiveness and bigotry, and was only intolerant towards those who ventured to judge any body of believers in Christ, and to deny them the Master's name. Towards some views — more or less prevalent in New England of late years — he might have failed a little in preserving that " charity which is not easily provoked ;" but on the whole, his Catholicism was a marked trait in his character, which, often severely tried, was seldom found wanting. He was an earnest, plain preacher ; dealing generally with practical sub jects, without seeking origipality of thought or being remarkable for any graces of rhetoric. But his style was that of former days ; and few men have retained so much of their early acceptable- ness in the pulpit, owing to the impression he made upon his hearers of his own deep sincerity and un feigned piety. You felt that he believed with his whole heart and soul everything he said, and was thoroughly in earnest. It was, however, by the daily beauty of his life as the faithful pastor that Dr. Pierce won the confidence and affection of his people . . With the same hearty simplicity he visited the rich and the poor, the refined and the unlearned, and though there were wide diversities in the social con dition of the members of his society, there were non^ , to charge him with partiality, none to doubt his; friendliness and ready sympathies. His memory has been kept fresh, and is still dear to all who knew him, and the recollections of the hal- j lowed months of beautiful serenity and peace and i faith which made his sick-room like the threshold of the heavenly kingdom have been a ministry of holy \ influences to many souls. In the words of his colleague, in his funeral dis course, " Simply thus to dwell upon the life of a good man is better than to have entered into a dis cussion of the mysteries of Godliness." " He uniformly refused to be classed with any sect whatever, or to take any names except those of a ' Congregationalist' and a ' Christian.' He seldom preached doctrinal sermons. He had no taste for controversy, and hardly ever indulged in expressions of his belief clothed in any other phraseology than that of the Bible. For any party to claim him as a member on account of his opinions would be showing a sad want of respect to his memory, and an utter disregard of his feelings and wishes when alive." The funeral solemnities took place at the church on the afternoon of the 27th. The body was borne from the parsonage to the church by the same young men who had carried him thither a week before, attended by eight clergymen as pall-bearers. Rev. Mr. Shailer read the Scriptures, the venerable Dr. Lowell, of Boston, offered the prayer (in compliance with the special wish of Dr. Pierce), and Rev. Mr. Knapp, his colleague, delivered the dis course. The last message of the dying minister to his people was so beautiful that we give it as repeated by Mr. Knapp on this solemn occasion : " When you gather with my friends around my remains," he said, " read to them those cheering words of Jesus, ' 1 am the resurrection and the life ; he that believeth on me, though he were dead, yet shall he live ; and whosoever liveth and believeth on me shall never die.' And say to my people," he con tinued, " my faith and hope are there ; that I do not feel that I shall ever die, but only pass on to a higher life. And beseech them," he added, " beseech them, if they love me, and would express their love, to do it by remembering me while they seek Christ as their Saviour and strive to live as his disciples." A simple white monument just within the cemetery wall marks his last resting-place. Dr. Pierce married, Oct. 31, 1798, Abigail, daughter of Joseph and Jemima (Adams) Lovell, of Medway, Mass., who had been a pupil of his while preceptor at Leicester Academy. She died July 2, 1800, leav- BROOKLINE. 817 in" a son, who died at the age of two years. He married a second time, May 6, 1802, Lucy, daughter . of Benjamin and Sarah (Homes) Tappan, of North ampton, Mass., by whom they had ten children, viz. : Sarah Tappan, Elizabeth, Abigail Lovell, Lucy, Fero- line Walley, John Tappan, Robert, William Blake, .Benjamin Tappan, Mary Wilde. The widow died at ; Brookline, Feb. 12, 1858. Sermons and addresses by Rev. John Pierce : 1. Discourse on the Mystery of Godliness, at Med field, Oct. 8, 1797. 2. Eulogy on Washington, Feb. 22, 1800. 3. Discourse on a Christian Profession, at Brook line, 1800. 4. Sermon at installation of John S. Popkin, ; Newbury, Sept. 19, 1804. 5. Century sermon from incorporation of Brookline. 5 Nov. 24, 1805. 6. Valedictory sermon, old meeting-house, June 8, 1806. ' 7. Dedication sermon, new meeting-house, June 11, 1806. 8. Sermon at gathering of Second Church, Dor chester, Jan. 1, 1808. • 9. Valedictory sermon, Burlington, Vt., Jan. 9, 1817. 10. Sermon at ordination of Samuel Clark, Prince ton, June 18, 1817. 11. Century sermon, church in Brookline, Nov. 9, 1817. 12. Dudlean Lecture on Errors of Church of Rome, at Cambridge, Oct. 24, 1821. 13. Sermon at ordination of Rev. Benjamin Hun toon, Canton, Jan. 30, 1822. 14. Sermon, " Second Century," Dorchester, June 17, 1830. 15. Charge at ordination of Rev. T. B. Fox, Aug. 3, 1831. 16. Sermon in Liberal Preacher, February, 1835. 17. Reminiscences of Forty Years, Brookline, March 19, 1837. 18. Address at funeral of Thomas A. Davis, mayor, at Boston, Nov. 25, 1845. 19. Address at opening of town hall, Oct. 14, 1845. 20. Address at Brookline jubilee, fifty years, March 15, 1847. 21. Disciples called Christians, Religious Maga zine, August, 1848. 22. Election sermon, Jan. 3, 1849. Rev. Frederic Newman Knapp, son of Jacob Newman Knapp, of Walpole, N. H., graduated at (Harvard College) 1843, Divinity School Harvard 52 College, July, 1847. In April, 1847, Dr. Pierce asked that a colleague might be settled with him. On the 10th of August of that year, while Mr. Knapp was in the Divinity School, he received a call to be come a colleague pastor with Rev. Dr. Pierce, which call was accepted, and Mr. Knapp was publicly or dained as their colleague pastor, Oct. 6, 1847, and continued to preach for seven years. He was much esteemed as a pastor, aud was succeeded by Rev. Dr. Frederic H. Hedge in October, 1856. Dr. Hedge, son of Professor Levi Hedge, of Cambridge, was born Dec. 12, 1805; graduated at Harvard College, 1825 ; settled in West Cambridge, Mass., in 1828 ; pastor of a Unitarian Church in Bangor, Me., 1835 to 1850 ; pastor of Westminster Church, Providence, R. I., 1850 to 1856 ; from October, 1856, to 1872, pastor of the First Church, Brookline, where he la bored for sixteen years. Dr. Hedge married Lucy, daughter of Rev. Dr. John Pierce before mentioned. He is now a professor in Harvard College, Cam bridge. Rev. Howard N. Brown is the present pastor, son of Mather C. and S. A. Brown, born in Columbia, N. Y., May 11, 1849; fitted for college at Whites- town, N. Y. ; studied at Harvard College Divinity School, and was ordained at Uion, N. Y., where he remained 1871-72. Settled in Brookline, Sept. 1, 1873. Baptist Church. — The origin of this church may be said to date from 1805. In that year Mrs. Beu- lah Griggs, a member of Rev. Dr. Pierce's church, and the mother of Deacon Thomas Griggs, now liv ing at the age of ninety-six years (in 1884), in vited Rev. Joseph Grafton, well known as " Father Grafton," to preach in Brookline. The first service was held in Thomas Griggs' house Oct. 27, 1806, from the text, " Fear God and keep his command ments." And the result of this meeting may be said to have been the birth of the present church. Those who held Baptist views in this town previous to 1827 were in attendance on church worship in Newton, Cambridgeport, and Roxbury. During this year meetings began to be held in private houses, the preachers of neighboring towns supplying the want. In June of that year the first concert of prayer for foreign missions was held in the house of Edward Hall, at the corner of Washington and School Streets. The number of attendants on the services increased beyond the means of private houses, and in the month of February, 1S28, a lease of a lot of land where " Joyce's" building now stands was secured, and a chapel twenty-six by thirty-six was erected, which was ready to occupy in March of the 818 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. same year. On the 5th of Juue, 1828, thirty-six individuals — eleven brethren and twenty-five sisters — were regularly recognized as the " Baptist Church of Brookline." Names of members constituting the church : Brethren . ueacon Elijah Corey. Elijah Corey, Jr. Deacon Timothy Corey. David Hart. Thomas Griggs. Samuel C. Davis. David Coolidge. Thomas Seaverns. Daniel Sanderson. Arthur Sumner. Thaddeus Graves. Sisters. Beulah Griggs. Mary Corey (1st). Nancy Pierce. Mehitable Stone. Lucinda Reckard. Sarah Richards. Margaret Simmons. Elizabeth Griggs. Eliza Hart. Susan Coolidge. Mary Corey (2d). Elizabeth Corey. Susan Cheever. Mary Irving (2d). Mary Pool. Harriet F. Griggs. Maria Griggs. Helen Maria. Sarah Hall. Eliza May. Mary Ann Corey. Lydia Pierce. Matilda Ellis. Sarah Griggs. Rebecca Stetson. Almira Sanderson. " The above-named brethren and sisters were regu larly dismissed and recommended by their respective churches, and constituted agreeable to their request into a church by the name of the Baptist Church in Brookline, on June 5th, 1828."— Church Records. At the expiration of one month after the organiza tion of the church, it became evident that increased accommodations must be had. Accordingly, five gen tlemen deeply interested pledged themselves to pay for a new church, viz. : Deacon Elijah Corey, forty per cent. ; Deacon Timothy Corey and Deacon Thomas Griggs, twenty per cent, each ; and David Coolidge and Elijah Corey, Jr., ten per cent. each. The corner stone was laid Aug. 15, 1828, and the new church was built and dedicated Nov. 20, 1828. The chapel was converted into a parsonage, which now stands the first building south of the new church on Harvard Street, and is occupied by Thomas S. Brown. On the 25th of March, 1830, Rev. Joseph M. Driver, a student at Andover Theological Seminary, was recognized as pastor, continuing till November following. The next pastor was Rev. Joseph An drews Warne, D.D., of London, England, a graduate of Stepney College, recognized April 14, 1831, and preached his farewell sermon Jan. 29, 1837, and soon after was recognized pastor of the Third Baptist Church in Providence, R. I. During the past few years he resided on his farm at Frankford, Pa., a sub urb of Philadelphia, where he died March 10, 1881. He is said to have been " mighty in the Scriptures," and was highly esteemed and his memory affection ately cherished. He was a man of great force of will and of marked logical power. In his purchase of land he was remarkably fortunate, so much so that by shrewd management he became the possessor of a comfortable property. Having no children, he gave his property, amounting to forty thousand dollars, to the Baptist Missionary Union, reserving a small in come only during his life. Following Mr. Warne was the long and faithful pastorate of Rev. William Hosmer Shailer, D.D., of Haddam, Conn., where he was born Nov. 20, 1807. He was the son of Smith and Lucinda (Shailer) Shailer. His early life was spent in teaching, and pursued a course of study preparatory to entering Wil- braham Seminary ; afterwards entered the institu tion at Hamilton, N. Y., now known as Madison University, where he graduated in 1835 ; studied theology in the Newton Theological Institution nearly one year. In December of that year he assumed control of the Literary Institute at Suffield, Conn: He was ordained at Deep River, Conn., Feb. 26, 1836, and thus was teacher as well as preacher for about one and one-half years, when he accepted a call from the First Baptist Church in Brookline, commencing his labors there Sept. 1, 1837. For ten years he was secretary of the Massachusetts Baptist Association ; for thirteen years was secretary of the American Baptist Missionary Union, and seven years member of its executive committee. He was always deeply interested in the work of education, rendering valu able service in the public schools. He became a trustee of the Newton Theological Institution in 1853, an office which he held till his decease. In December, 1853, he accepted an urgent call to settle with the First Baptist Church in Portland, Me., com mencing his duties there March 19, 1854, preaching his farewell sermon to the Brookline Church Feb. 26, 1854. He was pastor of the church in Portland for nearly twenty-four years, and resigned in August, 1877. He died in Portland, Feb. 23, 1881. For nearly all the time he lived in Portland, and one of the board of managers the larger portion of the time. For twenty-five years was a trustee of Colby Univer sity. In 1858 he became editor and proprietor of Zions Advocate, which position he retained until 1873. A school building in the city of Portland was named Shailer School, as an appreciation of his services in the cause of education. He was indeed a " born teacher and leader of men, as well as an accomplished Christian preacher and pastor." •' Always gentle in spirit, as he was wise, discreet, and true." BROOKLINE. 819 The year following the settlement of Mr. Shailer ; the old house of worship- was enlarged and remodeled throughout. After the resignation of Dr. Shailer, Rev. Nehe miah M. Perkins, of Waterbury, Conn., was recog- : nized as pastor May 20, 1855. This relation con tinued till August, 1858, when, his health failing him, he was compelled to resign. " He was an able and scriptural preacher." It was during the pastorate ; of Mr. Perkins that the present house of worship was commenced, though he did not remain to see it completed. The next pastor was Rev. William Lamson, D.D., who came here from Portsmouth, N. H., in answer to a call dated November, 1859. He preached his first sermon in Brookline Oct. 16, 1859, from the text, " Seek ye first the kingdom of God and his righteousness, and all these things shall be added unto you." His first service as pastor commenced Dec. 4, 1859 ; sermon from the text, " The Lord taketh pleasure in them that fear Him, in them that hope in His mercy." The services of recognition were held Jan. 29, 1860. The sermon on that occasion was by Rev. Baron Stow, D.D., of Boston, who had been a predecessor of Dr. Lamson, of Portsmouth, N. H. The fifteen years he passed in Brookline were of uninterrupted harmony, and his memory is ten derly remembered for his friendships and pastoral watchfulness of his people. Not only was he highly respected and loved by his own people, but he was a man of the community. He had no enemies. Often was he called into public positions to look after the schools in the town, and as a trustee of the public library, looking after its interests with a zealous care. The church placed the following on record of his character and services : " An eloquent and faithful preacher, he shunned not to declare the whole counsel of God ; an affectionate pastor, he was beloved by his flock ; a wise and safe counsellor, his praise was in all the churches." Dr. Lamson was the son of Wil liam and Sally (Richardson) Lamson, who was of New Boston, N. H., who removed to Danvers pre vious to the birth of Dr. William Lamson. He was born in that part of Danvers, Mass., known as the Port, Feb. 12, 1812 ; fitted for college at the South Reading Academy (Wakefield) ; entered Waterville College with the class of 1835, and became a tutor in that institution. Ordained at Gloucester, Mass., June 7, 1837. Resigned his pastoral charge July, 1839, and took a two years' course of study in the Newton Theological Institution. From October, 1841, to July, 1848, pastor of the same church in Gloucester. He was settled in Thomaston, Me., two years; at Portsmouth, N. H., eleven years; in Brookline six teen years. Resigned his pastoral charge in February, 1875, on account of ill health, and retired to spend his last days at Salem and Gloucester. He died at the last-mentioned place Nov. 29, 1882. On the 7th day of November, 1837, he married Eliza Wonson, daughter of Capt. Samuel and Lydia (Greenleaf) Giles, of Gloucester, Mass., and had one son, Samuel Giles Lamson, who was a paymaster in the army during the Rebellion, and lost on the steamer " Ruth," which was burned on the Mississippi in August, 1863, at the age of twenty-three years. In December, 1875, the church and society united in a call to Rev. Henry C. Mabie to become their pastor. He entered upon his work Jan. 1, 1876, and was publicly recognized January 13. The ser mon on that occasion was by Rev. A. J. Gordon, D.D., of Boston. The present pastor, Rev. John Billings Brackett, D.D., was recognized in May, 1880. He was born in Woburn, Mass., Dec. 31, 1835; fitted for college at Phillips' Academy, Andover, Mass. ; graduated in 1853 ; graduated at Brown University, 1857 ; took a theological course in Newton Theological Institution j two years ; first settled as pastor in Poughkeepsie, i N. Y., from July, 1859, to November, 1865; pastor of First Baptist Church of Brooklyn, E. D., from November, 1865, to April, 1873; in Lynn, Mass., from April, 1873, to February, 1878; in Charles town, Mass., from February, 1878, to May, 1880. He was honored with the degree of D.D. by the Uni- I versity of Rochester, N. Y., in 1871. List of deacons of the First Baptist Church, Brookline: Elijah Corey, 1828; Timothy Corey, | 1828; Thomas Griggs, 1828; Daniel Sanderson, 1846; William H. Jameson, 1855; George Brooks, 1855; Thomas Seaverns, 1863; Samuel C. Davis, 1869; Austin W. Benton, 1874; George F. Joyce, 1874. Church clerks: Thomas Griggs, 1828; Andrew H. Newell, 1850 : James Edmond, 1853 ; George F. Joyce, 1872 ; Benjamin F. Baker. Superintendents of Sabbath-schools : Daniel San derson, Thomas Griggs, David R. Griggs, Julius S. Shailer, Benjamin H. Rhoades, David R. Griggs, George Brooks, H. Lincoln Chase, David Bentley, \ George Brooks, H. Lincoln Chase, Thomas S. Brown, 1 the present superintendent. " Englewood" is the name of a small chapel built by Francis F. Morton, Esq., on Englewood Avenue, \ near the Chestnut Hill Reservoir. Mr. Morton, as- ! sisted by Thomas S. Brown and others, is active in i providing: for the wants of that immediate locality. 820 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. The Sunday-school is now in a flourishing condition. Services are held on the Sabbath at three p.m., and a prayer-meeting Wednesday evenings. Harvard Church. — Early in 1844 many people who had been worshiping with the First Church and in various places out of town, united for the purpose of erecting a house of worship of their own as an Evangelical Congregational Church. They immedi ately erected a house on the corner of Washington aud School Streets, which was dedicated August 26th of that year. The sermon on that occasion was by Rev. Edward N. Kirk, D.D., of Boston. On the same day a church was organized of twenty-seven persons. The church records also show that a communion service was presented to the church by Mr. T. C. Leeds, a baptismal vase by Mrs. Anna French, and a Bible by Mr. J. B. Kimball, and a vote of thanks was passed to them respectively for their very acceptable presents. May 21, 1845, the church extended a unanimous invitation to Mr. Richard Salter Storrs, Jr., of the Andover Theological Seminary, to become the pastor. He accepted the call, and was ordained October 22d ensuing, Rev. R. S. Storrs, of Braintree, father of the pastor-elect, preaching the ordination sermon. On the 27th of October, 1846, the pastoral rela tion existing between Mr. Storrs and this church was dissolved by a mutual council, in order to an accept ance by the pastor of a call from the Church of the Pilgrims, in Brooklyn, N. Y. Nov. 13, 1846, the church unanimously invited Rev. Joseph Haven, Jr., of Ashland, to the pastorate. He accepted the invitation, and was installed Dec. 31, 1846. The sermon on this occasion was by Rev. Professor Ralph Emerson, D.D., of Andover. On the 12th of December, 1850, Mr. Haven having received the appointment to the professorship of Moral Philosophy in Amherst College, the relation between him and the church was dissolved by a council con vened for the purpose. Otis Withington, John Dane, John H. Dane, Lewis T. Stoddard, John N. Turner, William Lincoln, Re-elected Re-elected Re-elected James R. Burditt, Charles B. Dana, Geo. L. Richardson, Deacons. Elected. Term expired. Nov. 18, 1845; Sept. 20,1858. Jan. 1,1846; died June 30,1854. July 24, 1854; resigned March 18, 1870. Nov. 24, 1854; Sept. 21,1857. Sept. 20, 1858; resigned April 29, 1864. Sept. 20, 1858: Sept. 16,1861. July 17, 1864; Jan. 20, 1873. Jan. 20, 1873; Jan. 20, 1877. Jan. 20, 1877, for 4 yrs. Sept. 20, 1861 ; resigned Sept. 21, 1863, Sept. 20, 1861 ; resigned Sept. 15, 1S62. July 17, 1864; resigned Feb. 2, 1872. Elected. Term expired. Horatio S. Burdett, June 11, 1869 ; Jan. 20, 1873. Re-elected Jan. 20, 1873 ; Jan. 17, 1878, Re-elected Jan. 17, 1876 , for 4 yrs. Edward I. Thomas, June 25, 1869 ; Jan. 20, 1873. Re-elected Jan. 20, 1873 ; Jan. 18, 1875. Re-elected Jan. 18, 1875 ; Jan. 20, 1879. Re-electe d Jan.- 20, 1879 , for 5 yrs. William H. Cooley, Jan. 20, 1873 ; Jan. 19, 1874. Re-elected Jan. 19, 1874 ; Jan. 21, 1878. Re-elected Jan. 21, 1878 for 5 yrs. Oliver H. Hay, Jan. 20, 1877 for 5 yrs. William Lincoln, re elected 6 years "rom Jan. 17, 1881. Horatio S. Burdett, " 5 " Jan. 19, 1880. Edward I. Thomas, .i g a Jan. 20, 1884. Denison D. Dana, " 6 Jan. 23, 1880. John K. Marshall, " 6 " Jan. 21, 1883. Jacob P. Palmer, elected 5 Jan. 15, 1883. Clerks. Elected. Resigned. John N. Turner, Aug. 23, 1844 Aug. 16, 1854. George F. Stoddard, Aug. 16, 1844 Sept. 15, 1856 C. F. Huntington, Sept. 15, 1856 Oct. 22, 1863 Edward I. Thomas, Oct. 22, 1863 Sept. 19, 1864 C. F. Huntington, Sept. 19, 1864 Feb. 12, 1869 Henry B. Eager, Feb. 12, 1869 Jan. 15, 1877 C. W. Wrightington Jan. 15, 1877 Jan. 20, 1879 H. Edward Abbott, Jan. 20, 1879. Treasurer. Henry B. Eager, elected Feb. 2, Auditors. 1872. Elected. Resigned. Edward I. Thomas, Feb. 2, 1872 Jan. 15, 1877. John A. Howard, Jan. 15, 1877. Superintendents of the Sabbath-School. John Dane, from its formation to his death, June 30, 1854. S. I. Lovett, from July 21, 1854, to Aug. 15, 1855. George F. Homer, J. Emory Hoar, Charles B. Dana, George F. Homer, Charles B. Dana, John H. Dane, William Lincoln, George F. Homer, George W. Merritt, Charles G. Chase, Aug. 15, 1855, to Sept. 21, 1857. Sept. 21, 1857, to May 7,1858. May 7, 1858, to Sept. 28, 1859. Sept. 28, 1859, to " 17, 1860. " 28, 1860, to " 16,1861. " 16, 1861, to " 21, 1863. " 21, 1S63, to " 19, 1864. " 19, 1864, to " 24, 1868. " 21, 1868, to Feb. 1, 1873. Jan. 20, 1873. March 21, 1851, the Rev. Matson Meier Smith, of New York, was unanimously called to the pastoral charge, and, having accepted the invitation, was in stalled by an ecclesiastical council, June 5, 1851. The installation sermon was preached by Rev. R. Salter Storrs, Jr., of Brooklyn, N. Y. In November, 1858, Mr. Smith resigned the pas torate, having accepted a call from the First Congre gational Church in Bridgeport, Conn., and on the 23d of that month was dismissed by a mutual council convened for that purpose. Oct. 20, 1859, the church gave a unanimous call BBOOKLINE. 821 to Rev. J. Lewis Diman, of Fall River, which was accepted, and he was installed March 15, 1860, Rev. Thatcher Thayer, D.D., of Newport, R. I., preaching the installation sermon. Invited to the professorship of History and Polit ical Economy in Brown University, Rhode Island, in 1864, Mr. Diman accepted the call, and a mutual council, convened June 29th of that year, dissolved his pastoral relation to the church. April 10, 1865, Rev. C. C. Carpenter, of Birming ham, Conn., was invited to the pastorate. He ac cepted, and was installed June 29, 1865. Rev. Wil liam M. Barbour, then of South Danvers, preached the installation sermon. In 1867, Mr. Carpenter resigned on account of ill health, and was dismissed by a mutual council Sep tember 18th of that year. Sept. 24, 1868, the church invited Rev. C. Maurice Wines, of Rochester, N. Y., to become its pastor, and he was installed Nov. 12, 1868. The sermon was preached by Rev. E. C. Wines, D.D., of New York, father of the pastor-elect. Feb. 20, 1870, Mr. Wines resigned his office, and a mutual council, on April 27, 1870, dissolved the pastoral relation. The time having now come when the growing demands of the community called for a new church edifice in a more central location for a greater number of worshipers, and with more conveniences for service, the society voted to build. An eligible lot was secured at the corner of Harvard and Marion Streets, and the corner-stone of the new church was laid with appro priate ceremonies July 6, 1871, interesting addresses being made by Rev. Nehemiah Adams, D.D., of Roston, and Rev. Albert E. Dunning, of Boston Highlands. In May, 1873, the present beautiful edifice having been completed, was dedicated with appropriate ser vices to the worship of Almighty God, Rev. R. S. Storrs, D.D., of Brooklyn, N. Y., preaching the ser mon. Thus was completed an enterprise which in its progress had tested the liberality and devotedness of the society to a remarkable degree. The work, how ever, under the care of large-hearted men, inspired by the genius and taste of that eminent artist, Edward Tuckerman Potter, Esq., had so far surpassed the original design as to have become encumbered with a debt of sixty thousand dollars. To free it from this threatening embarrassment many liberal-hearted men came forward with generous donations, which, being crowned with the princely gift of forty thousand dol lars by Martin L. Hall, Esq. (who had before been among its largest contributors), swept away the entire debt, and in June, 1874, by the adoption of the present constitution, Harvard Church was established a free church forever, in accordance with the desire of its chief benefactor, Mr. Hall. That good Providence which had brought the church to this happy condition continued to bless it by providing for it a pastor in the person of Rev. Reuen Thomas, Ph.D., of Wickliffe Chapel, London, who was installed its minister May 4, 1875. Thus has the " little one become a thousand," and may it not hope that the Lord has reserved for it a history of blessing which shall exceed the past as far as the glory of the latter temple surpasseth that of the former. There is connected with this church a large and flourishing mission department, called the " Bethany Sunday-School." Meetings are held on Sunday after noon and Thursday and Saturday evenings, under the direction of Deacon John K. Marshall, superintendent, and Deacon Dennison D. Dana, assistant superintend ent. These meetings are held in Goddard Hall, and are intended to reach the masses, or a class of people who have no regular place of worship, who are always ¦ welcome. These meetings are well attended, and are doing a great work in providing for a large population. St. Paul's Episcopal Church. — At the junction of St. Paul Street and Aspinwall Avenue may be seen an elegant architectural structure which has often been the object of admiration. Approaching it from any point, but particularly from Harvard Street, is one of the finest views to be found in this vicinity. Not as expensive as some buildings used for churches is this, but taking the peculiar location, the gray- stone walls and tower, with the dark clustering vines which almost conceal the walls in midsummer, to gether with the beautiful scarlet and crimson foliage of the autumn months, covering porch and gable, renders the whole pleasing to the eye, and displays good taste in the originators of the same. The build ing and surroundings form the most pleasing and pic turesque bits of scenery to be found in this region, re minding the beholder of the many fine landscape views of the English seats and rural scenery of England. The first meeting for church worship by this society was held in the town hall on the second Sunday of July, 1849. Prominent among the earliest members were Eliakim Littell, James S. Amory, Harrison Fay, Augustus Aspinwall, William Aspinwall, Theodore Lyman, Frederic P. Ladd, Moses B. Williams, John Shepherd, James S. Patten. Rev. Thomas M. Clark officiated as pastor for a few Sabbaths during his vacation. Rev. William Horton, of Newburyport, was the first settled pastor, who remained for three years, the society steadily increasing in numbers all B22 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. the while. In the latter part of 1850 active meas ures were taken towards building a church. A sub scription was started, the following persons con tributing, viz. : Harrison Fay, Augustus Aspinwall, James S. Amory, Moses B. Williams, John S. Wright, Benjamin Howard, Theodore Lyman, William Apple- ton, and others. Mr. Fay gave five thousand dollars ; Mr. Aspinwall gave the laud on which the church stands and two thousand dollars. The land at that time was worth about fifteen hundred dollars. The amount of twelve thousand dollars being subscribed, was sufficient for the body of the church, Mr. As pinwall and Mr. Fay building the tower in equal amounts, costing thirteen thousand dollars more, making twenty-five thousand dollars the total cost. The bell, costing nearly one thousand dollars, was presented by Timothy C. Leeds, a native of this town, then a resident of Boston. The building committee were Harrison Fay, Au gustus Aspinwall, and Moses B. Williams. Richard Upjohn, of New York, was the architect. The build ing is of stone, built in the most substantial manner. In May, 1852, Rev. Mr. Horton resigned his posi tion, and Dr. John Seeley Stone, of Brooklyn, N. Y., formerly of St. Paul's Church, Boston, accepted a call as his successor. The new church was formerly consecrated in December, 1852, and Dr. Stone en tered upon his duties as rector. He continued here about two years, and resigned in the fall of 1862 to accept a professorship in the Episcopal Theological Seminary in Philadelphia, Pa. After a few mouths, Rev. Francis Wharton, D.D., of Kenyon College, Ohio, was installed as rector. He continued till the summer of 1869, when he resigned, and the following spring (1870) Rev. William W. Newton, a quite young and talented man, was installed. During the pastorate of Dr. Stone, in 1857, a chapel was erected near to the church, to complete which the ladies of the parish contributed four thou sand dollars. Mrs. Sarah P. Rogers, of Boston, con tributed one thousand dollars towards the same on condition that it should contain a mural tablet in memory of her daughter, who died in Cairo, Egypt. In compliance with the above condition a beautiful marble tablet in bas-relief, with a tasteful design representing Mary sitting at the feet of the Saviour, under which are the words, " Mary sat at Jesus' feet and heard his word;" also an inscription commemo rating the death of Mrs. Rogers and her daughter, as follows : "Sacred to the memory of Sarah P. Rogers. Aged 56 years, who died in Boston, Feb 2d, 1858. And of her daughter Sarah, Louise Rogers, Aged 19 years, who died in Cairo, Egypt, March 16, 1856." In the easterly end of the church is a memorial window, in the chancel, placed there by the children of Dr. William Aspinwall as a memorial, which bears the following inscription : " In Memoria h'on Guliemus Aspinwall. Pat III. Inn. M.D.CCCXLIII. Ob XVI. Aprilis M. D. CCCXXIII." To the right hand of Dr. Stone's memorial tablet is a window containing a figure of St. John in stained glass, with the following words accompanying-: "To the glory of God and in memory of William Chadbourne" On the north side of the church, near the organ, is a black marble tablet with gilt letters, on which is the following inscription : "To the Memory of 1805.4-Haerison Fav. + 1882. One of the Founders of this Parish A Warden for twenty one years, its constant friend And liberal benefactor. and A faithful worshipper with its people Rejoicing in hope ; patient in tribulation." At the easterly end of the church, on a polished metallic plate, may be found, to the memory of their pastor, "Rev. John Seeley Stone, D.D., Rector of this Parish,+ I8b2 to 1S62. Powerful as a Preacher beloved as pastor. He was remarkable for the length and character of bis services to the American Episcopal Church in which he was born and nurtured This tablet affectionately dedicated to his memory And to the Glory of God may best serve its purpose by recording his own impressive words. Born, Oct 1. 1795. The members of the church on earth ought to regulate the whole course of life, Association habit, and feeling with reference to future membership in the church in Heaven The true church here. They are both parts of one and the same communion. and fellowship. The earthly passes, into The heavenly is more than a type of the Glorified Church there. . . Died, Jan 13. 1882." New Jerusalem Church.— Previous to 1852 a few members of the Boston society of the New Jerusalem, in Bowdoin Street, Boston, who were residents of Brookline were obliged to go to Boston or to have meetings of their own nearer home. Re ligious services commenced in private houses, and the Sunday-school' was held in the parlors of the mem- BROOKLINE. 823 bers, and sometimes a public conveyance was procured to carry them to their church in the city. At length the members increased, and in 1852 these members commenced church worship in the town hall. In April, 1857, a society was organized. Their first pas tor was Rev. Tiley Brown Hayward, a graduate of Harvard College, 1820. He remained here till 1861. He was succeeded by Rev. John C. Ager. In 1862 a new temple was erected at the corner of High and Irving Streets. Mr. Ager continued here till 1864, at which time he was called to the pastorate of the New Jerusalem Church in Brooklyn, N. Y. He was succeeded by Rev. S. M. Warren. Mr. Warren being called to Europe, Rev. Abiel Silver supplied their pul pit during his absence. Rev. Warren Goddard, Jr., of Brockton (born Oct. 10, 1849), was the next pas tor, who is now in Providence. R. I. Rev. Willard H. Hinkley, of Baltimore, Md., came to town in 1881, and was installed as their pastor. The church is a neatly constructed building of stone, in the Eng lish-Gothic style, capable of holding about two hun dred and fifty people. Its interior finish is of oak, open to the roof, has an organ in the rear of the chancel, pastor's room on one side, and library-room. The building sits east and west, with a pulpit at the east end and a depository for the Word in the centre, at the back of the chancel. In 1882 this society erected a commodious two- story parsonage on the same lot on which stands the church. This society is now in a prosperous con dition. St. Mary's Church of the Assumption, — This church belongs to the diocese of the Most Reverend Archbishop J. J. Williams, of Boston. The first Catholic services in this town were held in Lyceum Hall. The first record being July 30, 1852. In 1854 the church on Andem Place was erected, and the first services held there on Christmas-day of that year. Rev. Michael O'Bierne was the first priest of the parish, who was succeeded by Rev. Joseph M. Finotti, in 1856. The church increased in numbers so rapidly that an assistant was necessary, and Rev. J. C. Murphy was associated with him as colleague. Father Finotti closed his labors here at Easter, 1873, leaving the parish in the care of Rev. Patrick F. Lamb. He was extremely popular, and devoted much time in the interests of young people. His health soon gave out, and he removed to the South in the hope of restoration. Rev. A. J. Molinari took charge of the parish for five months, during the absence of Mr. Lamb. But he died on his way home, in New York, July 2, 1873, and his body was buried from St. Mary's Church, an immense congregation being in attendance at the services. Following Mr. Lamb was the present pastor, Rev. L. J. Morris, who began his pastoral labors July 19, 1873. Father Morris was born in Lowell, Mass. ; educated in the common schools of that city ; afterwards went to Montreal College, and later to St. Charles', in Balti more, Md., where he remained four years. He was then sent to St. Joseph's Seminary, Troy, N. Y., where he completed his philosophical and theological studies, and after a four years' course he was ordained May 22, 1869, and was sent to Waltham, Mass., as curate, where he remained for four years, and from thence was placed in charge of the church in Brook line. In consequence of a pressure for larger accommo dations, land was purchased of George F. Homer, on Harvard Street, for a new church in October, 1873, containing 57,000 feet, for $27,000, to which was added, Aug. 10, 1878, 25,000 feet more at the cor ner of Linden Place and Harvard Street, of A. L. Wood, for the further sum of $13,400, making in all 82,000 feet, at a cost of $40,400. On this very desirable lot of land a new and elegant brick church with freestone trimmings has been erected, capable of holding 1200 people, the principal entrance being from Linden Place. The corner-stone was laid July 19 with proper ceremony. The dedication of the new church was Oct. 1, 1882. The architects were Messrs. Peabody & Stearns ; the house cost about $80,000. This church has a much larger attendance of church worshipers than any other church in the town. Christ's Church. — Those of our readers who are accustomed to travel in the steam-cars to Boston, cannot fail to have noticed a large stone building with paneled walls, and having a large square tower, making a fine appearance, near to Chapel Station. This build ing was erected by Hon. David Sears, at a time when that section of the town had no facilities for church worship. It was erected about 1860, at the private expense of Mr. Sears, with the hope and expectation that people of all denominations would congregate here for church worship. Mr. Sears prepared a lit urgy, or book of worship, in which he gives his own ideas on religious subjects. The plan, which was purely original in the mind of the projector, has not succeeded as he might have thought it would, and it now stands as a memorial of the kind wishes and good intentions of, and serves as a monument to the memory of, the originator, whose remains lie in peace and quiet underneath the building. Worship was sustained for a time here, but was at last given up. We cannot give a better idea of the intentions of the 824 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. proprietor than to quote his own words in the " Chris tian Liturgy and Book of Prayer," viz. : " The Christian Liturgy. " The purpose of Christ's Church in Brookline, Longwood, a Gospel Church, the first of the Union of Churches in the Spirit of Charity — is to provide a Liturgy which shall comprehend those doctrines, and those only, which are essential to guide the mind in a right worship of God. It is obvious that men who differ as to the origin of sin, or as to the precise nature of the atonement, may nevertheless equally love God, and maybe alike grateful to him for his mercy, and desire his approval, and seek his will, and adore his infinite perfections. They may differ on many theological questions, and yet may have the same senti ments of devout trust and reverential gratitude, and may equally feel the need of Divine help. If they may thus agree in what is essential to devotion, why may they not unite in religious worship ? If they will abstain from obtruding into the act of worship those theological speculations which have no necessary connection with it, why may they not bow together before that God which they all adore ? " The Liturgy of the Church of America professes only to give expression to those feelings which should be in man's heart when he looks up to God. It would leave the theological ques tions on which sects divide to be settled by each individual in his own way, while it would draw all Christian people together in the sentiment and offices of devotion." This house was modeled after a church in Col chester, England, and is situated on Colchester Street, Longwood. Church of our Saviour. — This church is famous for its neat and attractive appearance, situated as it is in one of the finest sections of the town, at the corner of Monmouth and Carleton Streets, but a short dis tance from Chapel Station ; not only is it tasteful in its external appearance and surroundings, but it is also exquisite in its internal appointments. It is built of broken stone, with hammered granite trimmings, having a tower at the easterly end of the same. This parish was organized Feb. 19, 1868. Amos Adams Lawrence and Dr. William R. Lawrence erected the building as a tribute to the memory of their father, Amos Lawrence, — an exceedingly appropriate and beautiful expression of their regard for one whose memory they delight to cherish. The marble tablet on the west wall of the church is as follows : " This Church is built in memory of Amos Law rence, by his two Sons. Divine service first held March 22, 1868." The organ, built by Messrs. E. & G. Hook, was presented by Mrs. Amos A. Lawrence in memory of her mother. The baptismal font was the gift of Mrs. F. W. Lawrence. Prominent among the mem bers of this society are the various branches of the Lawrence family, the prime movers in its organization, S. H. Gregory, Samuel L. Bush, the late Commodore George S. Blake, William C. Hichborn, and Dr. Robert Amory. The first service in the church was March 22, 1868. Rev. Elliott D. Thompkins was the first rector. The consecration of the church was by ' the late Bishop Eastburn, on the 29th of September, 1868. The second pastor was Rev. Frank L. Norton, the present dean of the cathedral at Albany, N. Y. Present officers of the church : The rector is Rev. Reginald H. Howe; Wardens, S. L. Bush, S. H. Gregory; Vestrymen, Amos A. Lawrence, W. L. Chase, A. P. Howard, William H. Lincoln, Francis W. Lawrence, John Wales, Thomas P. Ritchie, Charles Thorndike, Hammond Vinton, G. F. Clarke, J. L. Carter ; Clerk, Hammond Vinton ; Treasurer, J. L. Carter ; Sexton, A. B. Marston. This society have an elegant stone chapel, used for evening meetings, and rooms for the various benevolent and charitable objects of the church. Connected with this church is a guild established in 1880, a parish aid society, and a church temperance society, beside a Sunday-school numbering about one hundred. The number of communicants of the church is about one hundred and sixty. Washington Street Methodist Episcopal Church. — The first attempt to establish a Methodist church in Brookline was in the early part of 1873. Three persons from other places saw an opening for, and the need of, a Methodist Church where people could worship in their own way in this town. They united with two others and purchased the building formerly belonging to the Harvard Congregational society, at the corner of Washington and School Streets, for the sum of twenty-four thousand five hun dred dollars. The church was refitted in an attractive manner, and dedicated to public worship soon after, and the Rev. E. D. Winslow, of Newton, was ap pointed by the New England Conference as their pas tor. Bishop Simpson preached the dedication sermon from 1 John iv. 19. A Sunday-school was connected with this church of about one hundred members. In 1876 the society sold the house, and worshiped in the town hall till May, 1879, when land was pur chased for a church nearly opposite their first build ing, on the corner of Washington and Cypress Streets, and a new church was built by William Wood, which was dedicated in September, 1879, costing two thou sand six hundred and fifty-seven dollars and ninety- one cents, Mr. Wood presenting the stained-glass windows and pulpit. The following are the preachers who have supplied since the commencement : Rev. E. D. Winslow, Rev. Mark Trafton, Rev. W. S. Robin son, Rev. Henry Witham, Rev. M. V. B. Knox, Rev. E. R. Watson, Rev. William McDonald, Rev. Joshua Gill, Rev. William G. Leonard. Enoch Doran is BROOKLINE. 825 superintendent of the Sabbath-school, William Wood secretary and treasurer of the society. Schools, — It will be seen by the vote allowing Muddy River to manage their own affairs as early as Dec. 8, 1686, provision was made for educating the young, viz. : Ordered, " That henceforth the said Hamlet be free from Town rates to Boston, they rais ing a School- House and maintaining an able reading and writing master." The above act was accepted at a full meeting of the inhabitants on the 19th of Jan uary, 1686-87, also the sum of twelve pounds raised for the maintenance of said school. What kind of a building was used for a " Scholl hous" we are not told, but we find that on the 28th of May, 1697, it needed repairs. Also, on the same day, it was " voated that Mr. John Searl should tech school in sd Muddyriver from the first Munday in may 1697 until the last day of February 1697" (?). The first school-house erected by the " hamlet" of Muddy River was situated on the ground now occu pied by the block of houses of Arthur Williams on School Street, then known as " School-house Lane." The lane was narrow, not much more than a cart road, and bordered on either side by a low stone wall over hung by trees, and on the east side by a thick, natural hedge of barberry-bushes, which nearly concealed the wall. A school was kept in this lane from a very early period, probably the only school in the town while it was a part of Boston. The original school-house was a very small and low, square, hipped-roof building, on the spot above mentioned. Some of the oldest inhabitants can just remember it as a mere hovel going to ruin in their early childhood. The second school-house was the same style of build ing, a little larger, and stood on the spot now forming the corner of School and Prospect Streets. We have been informed that this bit of ground was given to the town for a school-house lot forever by one of the early Davis families. The arrangements in and about this ancient edifice of learning for the accommodation of teacher and pupils would hardly satisfy modern tastes and require ments. On each side of an alley through the middle of the room the seats were arranged facing the alley, like seats in a street-car, only they were long, narrow benches, with a plank supported upon legs, running the whole length of the room (except a space for ad mission at the ends), and this plank served the pur pose of a desk. A sort of drawer underneath served to hold the books, which were not numerous. The Rible, the Psalter, the Spelling-Book and the Arith metic being all that were used, and not all those at once. Perhaps they feared softening of the brain. The teacher's desk was in the left hand corner farthest from the door, and the right-hand corner was occupied by an immense fireplace with a chimney to match. The clothing was hung on the wall, in the absence of a clothes-closet. The wood, of cord length and often unseasoned, was deposited outside the school-house, and autumnal rains and winter snows fell unchecked upon it. The winter school, taught by a man, used to begin with the Monday after Thanksgiving, and the boys took turns, week by week, in sawing and splitting the wood and making the fire. Friction-matches were one of the blessings reserved for modern times, so the luck less wights who made the fires had to bring live coals in an iron skillet, kept for the purpose, from " Squire Sharp's," the nearest neighbor, and for some time the schoolmaster, "Squire Sharp" was teacher of the winter school several years, as was also Dr. Aspinwall. Three teachers by the name of Allen (not brothers; also served for several winters. One of them was after wards president of Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Me., and another became subsequently a Unitarian clergyman. Among the female teachers of those days were two sisters, Nabby and Joanna Jordan, who lived with their parents in the little house. Many good peo ple, now far advanced in life, learned their A, B, C in that little old building of Miss Nabby or Miss Joanna. Another of the female teachers for many successive years was Miss Lucy Aspinwall. The school-house was built two stories high, with a place for clothing in the entry and a little room for fuel in the rear of each room. A platform ran across the end, on which was the teacher's desk, opposite to the door. The seats were arranged to face the teacher, six in a row, the desks being all under the same board for one row, but separated inside from one another. A square box-stove for wood heated each room. On each end of the platform were three more seats, and in front of the desks a narrow board was placed a few inches from the floor for a seat for the little children. Who that ever sat upon those seats will forget their hardness ? We have heard mention made of " the soft side of a plank." That there was no soft side to those planks none who sat there will deny their testimony. Poor little urchins of four years and upwards sat there from nine to twelve in the forenoon and from one till four in the afternoon. summer and winter, to read the alphabet once through from A to Z each half-day, with five minutes' recess 826 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. only in each session, and a smart application of the rattan or ruler if they turned round or whispered. For many years the town appropriated money for two terms of school in the year, three or four months each, in summer and in winter. The people of the district then contributed somewhat more that a few weeks might be added to the terms. Thus the schools were kept nearly as many weeks in the year as at present, only the vacations occurred in the comforta ble weather of fall and spring when the children were in good condition to study, and through the whole of the sweltering dog-days teachers and pupils were kept at their tasks. The first school-house built by the people of the town, unaided by Boston, stood on the hill, on the triangular piece of ground where Warren and Walnut Streets diverge, near the church. It was probably a small wooden school-house, but it must have served for a hundred years or more. An ancient bill pre sented to the selectmen for repairs on this building is a curiosity. It reads as follows : December ye 6. 1758. to work don at the Skul hous to shinggeling the ruf and finding 15 shingels, and nales and Lime to pint it, 1.1.0 to Laying the harth and finding 60 ty bricks and wheling 12 whelborrers of Durt to Ras it. 2.00 Lathing and plastern Sever! plases 0.1.0 Moses Scott 4.00 We do not find Mr. Scott's arithmetic or spelling to indicate that he ever spent much time in the " Skul hous," except in the exercise of his calling as car penter. The indorsement of the selectmen on the back of the bill orders the town treasurer, Jona Win chester, to pay him ten shillings and eight pence for his work. Another old bill, presented by a female teacher, who probably taught in School Street, affords a similar anomaly : "The Town of Brookline Depttor to Mary Bowen for Keep ing School fore months from the seventh of June 1760, at twenty six shillings and Eaight pence per month. 5. 6 8." on which the indorsement reads : "allowed twenty four shillings pr. month In Consideration of her haveing a great number of Schollers & there being but one school Kept." We have known of instances where an increase of the number of scholars did not secure a corresponding increase of salary, but hope the 'above is the only instance on record of an abatement being made for a similar reason. Perhaps, however, the deficiency was made up by » tax on the pupils. The next school-house of which we hear on this spot was of brick, and was built in 1793. This build ing was the Alma Mater of many, if not most, of our present middle-aged and elderly townspeople. It was a square, hip-roofed building, fronting eastward, with out-blinds, porch or shed, and here school was kept, always by a male teacher, from April to November. Then it was closed, and the winter school for many years was kept by " the master" in the School Street school-house. Another school was also kept durin°' the same time in a small wooden school-house on Heath Street, nearly opposite the present one. The brick school-house was not an important build ing in town merely for its service in school uses, but it was also used for town -meetings from the time it was built as long as it remained standing. It was at the brick school-house that the people of the town met to form a procession on the occasion of the funeral services in honor of George Washington. From thence they marched to the church, then standing in what is now the garden of the parsonage, and listened to the eulogy delivered by Dr. Pierce. After the close of the second war with England the town began to grow more rapidly. Several gentlemen came here and built fine houses, and there was a gen eral increase of prosperity. The subject of building a town-house began to be discussed, but met with con siderable opposition from old citizens, who thought the school-house had been good enough for them and their fathers, and ought to suffice for the coming gen eration. However, the more enterprising carried their point at last so far as to get a vote to build a town- house. The next thing to be considered was the place and the material. The brothers John and Lewis Tappan and Mr. Joseph Sewall had built stone houses, and it was proposed to build a stone town-house. This was opposed, of course, as unnecessary extrava gance by the men who thought the old school-house was good enough. But once more enterprise tri umphed, and the building was decided upon, as well as the location. This was the origin of the building known as the old stone school-house, still standing next the Unitarian Church. The contract for building it was let out to mechanics from Roxbury ; but the work is said to have been badly done. The building was completed in 1824, and dedicated with appropriate ceremonies on the 1st day of January, 1825. The lower room was fitted for a school-room, and the old brick school-house was taken down the same year. On the spot where the building stood, at the site of the door, an elm-tree was planted by Mr. Ebenezer Heath, and it still marks the spot. The old plan of keeping the school a part of the year in that neighborhood and changing to School Street in BROOKLINE. 827 winter continued for a while longer, but the increase of population soon made it necessary to have a school the year round in that part of the town. For several years the town hall, on the second floor of the building, was a popular place for singing-schools, political meetings, and lyceum lectures. About the year 1832, Mr. Isaac Thayer, who had rushed like a comet into the quiet atmosphere of Brookline and left his trail along the horizon for some time after his departure, started the idea of a series of lyceum lectures. A company was organized as the Brook line Lyceum Society, and for several winters the hall was filled with the ilite of the town on these occa sions. On alternate weeks a debate was held instead of a lecture. A course of lectures on phrenology the first season created much discussion and awakened great interest. An impulse was given to intellectual growth by the lyceum lectures which was felt throughout the town. Quiet farmers who scarcely read anything be fore but the Bible and the almanac were roused into new mental life. A premium of ten dollars was of fered by the Lyceum Society to the person who should remember and be able to repeat the most of any lec ture heard. A daughter of Deacon Joshua C. Clark was the successful competitor. The first public high school in Brookline was opened in this building in May, 1843, under Mr. Renjamin H. Rhoades, a graduate of Brown Univer sity, now librarian of Redwood Library, Newport, R. I. The second town hall was built in 1845. His assistant teacher, James Pierce, a young man of great promise and much beloved, though a native of Dorchester, was related to Brookline families and well identified with its interests. He was preparing to enter the Unitarian ministry when his health failed, and a trip to Europe was ad vised. On the return voyage he died, and was buried in the sea. Many hearts sincerely mourned his loss and still tenderly cherish his memory. Mr. Rhoades was succeeded by Hezekiah Shailer, a brother of Rev. W. H. Shailer, who was then min ister of the Baptist Church in this town. He was called a good disciplinarian, as those who experienced the shakings which he gave in a quiet way after school were usually reduced to submission as effectu ally as if they had been experimented upon with the " clapper" of his ancient predecessor. Mr. Shailer was succeeded by Mr. John Emory Hoar, the present teacher of the high school. After the school was removed to its present location the old stone building continued in use for primary schools until sold by the town a few years since, when it became private property. A select private school is now kept in this building, which has been completely fitted and enlarged, and is in a flourishing condition under the care of Miss Carrie L. Rideout, formerly a teacher in the public schools of Brookline. The present High School building is at the corner of School and Prospect Streets, and near to the site of the first school in the town. Classical School. — In 1823, Rev. John Pierce, Richard Sullivan, Eiisha Penniman, Henry Colman, Henry A. S. Dearborn, Henry Oxnard, Charles Tap- pan, Lewis Tappan, John Tappan, William Raymond Lee, John Robinson, Oliver Whyte, Elijah Corey, Timothy Corey, Thomas Griggs, Samuel Craft, David S. Greenough, Jr., Joseph Sewall, Ebenezer Craft, James Leeds, Ebenezer Francis, Ebenezer Heath, Augustus Aspinwall, and Dr. Charles Wild were incorporated as the Brookline Classical School. A building was erected on Boylston Street, now Dr. Shurtleff's house, where a school was kept for boys. The first teacher was David Hatch Barlow, followed by Gideon F. Thayer, the founder of the Chauncy Hall School, Boston. This school usually had from thirty to forty pupils, and was continued till about 1837. After that time it was continued for a year or two with varied success. George B. Emer son, the well-known educator, became the next owner, residing here for two years, and during that time spent a winter in Boston, having leased his house to William Ware, author of " Zenobia," " Last Days of Aurelian," and other works. The first named above was written in the parlor of that house. Lucius V. Hubbard, Nathaniel Ingersoll, David Fosdick, Jr., Thaddeus Clapp, Luther Farrar, and Samuel Rogers, who afterwards became a physician in Roxbury, taught in this school at different, times. Devotion Fund. — Two persons have made dona tions for schools in the town at different times. Ed ward Devotion, who by his will, dated 1743, left the following to the town of Brookline : '• Item : in case my Estate prove to be sufBcient to pay my Just Debts, Funeral Charges and the aforementioned Legacies and there should be any overplus left then my will is and I hereby give the sd overplus to the Town of Brooklyn towards Building or Maintaining a School as near the Centre of the said Town as shall be agreed upon by the Town. But if the said Town cannot agree upon a Place to set the said School upon then my Will is that the said overplus be laid out in pur chasing a Wood Lott for the use of the School and the ministry of said Town forever." The sum of money, which at the time of its being received in 1762, amounted to " £739 4s. lawful money" for the use of schools, was borrowed by the State during the Revolutionary war, and when it was 828 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. paid back to the town it was in depreciated Conti nental currency. It was put at interest, however, and in 18-15 bad accumulated to the amount of $4531.01, which was appropriated to the building of the town hall, which was to have two school-rooms in it. Hyslop Donation. — Jan. 4, 1793, " Voted to accept the Donation of William Hyslop Esquire for the pur pose of Building a School House on, or near the spot where the Old School House in the middle of the Town stands." " Voted, that the Town Sensibly imprest with the (the) great obligations they are under to William Hyslop Esquire, for his generous Donation for the purpose of Building a School House in said Town for the Incouragement and promotion of Learning among the Youth of the Rising Generation, Sin cerely Return him their thanks." College Graduates. — John White, A.M., son of Joseph and Hannah White; graduate Harvard Col lege, 1698; ordained pastor of church at Gloucester, Mass., April 21, 1703; died Jan. 16, 1760. Ebenezer Devotion, A.M., son of John Devotion ; graduate Harvard College, 1707 ; taught school 1709 ; ordained pastor of a church at Suffield, Conn., June 28, 1710; died April 11, 1741, aged fifty- seven. Edward White, A.M., son of Benjamin and Han nah (Wiswall) White, graduate Harvard College, 1712; was a farmer, justice of the peace, major in the militia, and representative to the General Court, town clerk, selectman, moderator of the town-meet ings, town treasurer, and other public offices ; died May 29, 1769, aged seventy-six. Andrew Gardner, A.M. ; graduate Harvard Col lege, 1712; ordained at Worcester, Mass., 1719, and dismissed Oct. 31, 1722; installed at Lunenburg, Mass., May 15, 1728, and dismissed Feb. 22, 1732. Soon after his dismission he retired to one of the towns on the Connecticut River, in the State of New Hampshire, where he died at a very advanced age. Samuel Aspinwall, A.M., son of Lieut. Samuel and Sarah (Stevens) Aspinwall, born Feb. 13, 1696 ; died Aug. 13, 1732, aged thirty-seven. We find the following in the New England Weekly Journal, No. 283: "Brookline, Aug. 21. "On the 13th inst died here, Mr. Samuel Aspinwall, of this Town, in the 37th year of his age, after between six and seven years illness. He commenced Master of Arts, in Cambridge, 1717, and was designed for the ministry; but discouraged by inward weakness; which after he had been for some little time, settled here, so advanced, as to take him off from business, and, at length, proved fatal. He was u, gentleman of bright parts, natural and acquired, a strong memory, quick wit, and solid judgment, pleasant in his conversation, a steady friend, and a good christian." A funeral sermon was also published on the occa sion of his death by Rev. James Allen, in which he gives him an excellent character. Rev. Ebenezer White, A.M., son of Deacon Ren- jamin and Margaret (Weld) White, was born March 29, 1713 ; graduate Harvard College, 1733 ; ordained minister at Norton, Mass. (now Mansfield), Feb. 23, 1737; died Feb. 18, 1761. Jonathan Winchester, A.M., son of Henry and Frances Winchester, born April 21, 1717; ordained at Ashburnham, Mass., April 23, 1760 ; died Nov. 27, 1767, aged fifty years. Henry Seioall, son of Samuel and Rebecca (Dud ley) Sewall, born March 8, 1720 ; Harvard College, 1738 ; a farmer and justice of the peace; died May 29, 1771, aged fifty-one. John Druce, A.M., son of John and Elizabeth (Bishop) Druce, born July 13, 1709; Harvard Col lege, 1738 ; became a physician and settled in Wren tham, Mass., and had a family. Charles Gleason, A.M., son of William and Thankful (Trowbridge) Gleason, born Dec. 29, 1718; graduate Harvard College, 1738; ordained at Dud ley, Mass., Oct. 31. 1714 ; died May 7, 1790, aged seventy-two. James Allen, son of Rev. James and Mehetable (Shepard) Allen, the first minister of Brookline, born Sept. 20, 1723 ; Harvard College, 1741 ; died in December, 1749, aged twenty-six. Benjamin White, A.M., son of Maj. Edward and Hannah (Wiswall) White, born Oct. 5, 1724; Har vard College, 1744; a farmer in Brookline, justice of the peace, and for many years represented the town in the General Court ; afterwards a member of the Governor's Council ; he died May 8, 1790. Isaac Gardner, A.M., son of Isaac and Susanna (Heath) Gardner, born May 9, 1726 ; Harvard College, 1747 ; a farmer in Brookline, justice of the peace ; killed by the British troops while on his re turn from Lexington on the memorable 19th of April, 1775. Hull Sewall, A.M., son of Henry and Ann (White) Sewall, born April 9, 1744; Harvard College, 1761 ; died Nov. 27, 1767. Samuel Sewall, A.M., son of Henry and Ann (White) Sewall, and grandson of Chief Justice Sewall, born Dec. 31, 1745 ; lived single, a counselor- at-law, in Boston ; became a refugee from his coun try, proscribed in the banishment act of 1778, and passed the remainder of his life in Bristol, England, where he died, May 6, 1811, aged sixty-six years. BROOKLINE. 829 His estate in Brookline, inherited in right of his mother, was forfeited by law, and afterwards purchased by the late Mr. John Heath. William Aspinwall, A.M., M.D., son of Lieut. Thomas and Joanna (Gardner) Aspinwall, born May 23,1743; Harvard College, 1764; was a physician in his native town, besides a successful public man, often filling positions of confidence, as representative, senator, and councilor; he died April 16, 1823, aged thirty. Isaac Winchester, son of Isaac and Mary Winches ter, born Aug. 5, 1743; Harvard College, 1764; died in the Continental army. Henry Sewall, A.M., son of Henry and Ann (White) Sewall, born Jan. 19, 1749; Harvard College, 1768; died Oct. 1772, aged twenty-four. John Goddard, A.M., son of John and Sarah (Rrewer) Goddard, born Nov. 12, 1756; Harvard College, 1777; a merchant in Portsmouth, N. H., and also a senator and representative in the New Hampshire Legislature ; he died Dec. 18, 1829. Eiisha Gardner, son of Eiisha and Eunice (Searle) Gardner, born Dec. 27, 1766 ; Harvard College, 1786 ; engaged in mercantile pursuits ; died in Savannah, Ga. Caleb Child, son of Child, born March 13, 1760 ; Harvard College, 1787 ; he was a physician. Joseph Jackson, son of Rev. Joseph and Hannah (Avery) Jackson, the fourth minister of Brookline, born Oct. 27, 1767 ; graduate Harvard College, 1787 ; died Aug. 19, 1790, while pursuing his medical studies at Portsmouth, N. H. William Aspinwall, M.D., son of Dr. William and Susanna (Gardner) Aspinwall, born in 1784 ; Harvard College, 1804; a physician; died, while practicing his profession in his native town, April 7, 1818, aged thirty-four. Col. Thomas Aspinwall, A.M., son of Dr. William and Susanna (Gardner) Aspinwall, born May 23, 1786; Harvard College, 1804; lawyer in Boston; colonel in the army in war of 1812 ; lost an arm in an engagement on Lake Erie ; was consul at London for years; died Aug. 20, 1876. Rev. Samuel Clark, A.M., son of Deacon Samuel and Mary (Sharpe) Clark, born July 8, 1782 ; Har vard College, 1805 ; ordained at Burlington, Vt., April 19, 1810; resigned on account of ill health; died May 2, 1827, aged forty-five. Isaac Sparhawk Gardner, A.M., son of Gen. Isaac Sparhawk Gardner and Mary (Sparhawk) Gard ner, born April 9, 1785; Harvard College, 1805; teacher ; went to Georgetown, D. C, and thence to Frankfort, Ky. Samuel Jackson Gardner, A.M., son of Caleb and Mary (Jackson) Gardner, born July 9, 1788 ; Harvard College, 1807; a lawyer, residing in New York City; died July, 1864, aged seventy- six. John Tappan Pierce, A.M., son of Rev. John and Lucy (Tappan) Pierce, born Dec. 14, 1811; Har vard College, 1831 ; ordained as an evangelist Sept. 15, 1836. William Penniman, son of Eiisha and Sybil (Allen) Penniman, born ; Harvard College; died while contemplating the study of divinity, aged twenty-two, Feb. 13, 1832. Nathaniel Bowditch Ingersoll, A.B., son of Na thaniel and Ingersoll, born ; Harvard College, 1834; died a youth of promise, May 31, 1836, aged twenty-two. William Parsons Atkinson, A.M., son of Amos and Anna Greenleaf (Sawyer) Atkinson, born Aug. 12, 1820; was a teacher; Harvard College, 1838; professor in Institute of Technology, Boston. Edward Augustus Wild, A.B., M.D., son of Dr. Charles and Mary Joanna (Rhodes) Wild, born Nov. 25, 1825; Harvard College, 1844; a physician in successful practice in his native town till the war of the Rebellion, 1861 ; he entered the army as captain, and retired as brigadier-general in the United States service. (See Military Record elsewhere.) Graduates of Brown University. — Luther Metcalf Harris, M.D., son of John and Mary (Niles) Harris, born May 7, 1789; 1811 studied medicine in Roxbury with Dr. Lemuel Le Baron ; commenced practice at Fort Independence in 1814 ; removed to Orford, N. H., in March, 1815; removed from thence to Jamaica Plain in 1820, where he was suc cessfully engaged in his profession till his death. He was also the author of the " Harris Family Genealogy." Rev. William Leverett, A.M., son of William and Lydia (Fuller) Leverett, born Jan. 25, 1800 ; grad uate Brown University, 1824 ; settled pastor of Dud ley Street Baptist Church, Roxbury, June, 1825 ; resigned July, 1839 ; installed pastor of Second Bap tist Church, East Cambridge, Oct. 4, 1840. and re signed in 1849 ; after a short pastorate at New Eng land Village, Grafton, failing health compelled him to retire from the ministry. Washington Leverett, A.M., son of William and Lydia (Fuller) Leverett, born Dec. 19, 1805 ; Brown University, 1832 ; became a professor in Shurtleff College, Upper Alton, 111. Warren Leverett, A.M., son of William and Lydia (Fuller) Leverett ; graduate Brown University, 1832 ; 830 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. twin-brother of Washington above named ; professor in the same college. George Griggs, A.M., LL.B.,, Harvard, son of Joshua and Lydia Fuller (Leverett) Griggs, born ; graduated at Brown University, 1837 ; an attorney and counselor in Boston and Brookline. James Andem, A.B., son of Moses Andem ; graduated at Brown University, 1845 ; ordained pas tor of Baptist Church, Dighton, Mass., Nov. 13, 1845; pastor at North Bridgewater (now Brockton), Jan. 10, 1850. Augustine Shurtleff, A.M., son of Dr. Samuel At wood and Eliza (Carleton) Shurtleff, of Brookline, born Aug. 24, 1846; fitted for college under the in struction of Rev. Dr. William H. Shailer; entered Brown University, 1842; graduated, 1846; studied medicine with his father, and in the Tremont Medical School, Boston, and Harvard Medical College, two years, New York Medical University, one year ; re ceived the degree of M.D. from Harvard, 1849 ; in 1850 attended medical lectures in Paris and visited the French hospitals ; opened a medical office in Bos ton for a few months, and then removed to Brookline, his present residence. Hezekiah Shailer, son of Smith and Lucinda (Shailer) Shailer, was born in Haddam, Conn. ; fitted for college with Rev. Dr. Shailer; graduated at Brown University, 1846; immediately chosen teacher of the high school in Brookline ; taught six years ; after wards engaged in the book business as a partner of Sheldon & Co., in New York ; killed by lightning at Haddam, Conn., July 9, 1878. Graduate of the College of New Jersey, Princeton, N. J. — Caleb White, son of Benjamin and Sarah (Aspinwall) White, born March 10,1741; graduate Princeton, N. J., 1762 ; died Dec. 16, 1770, aged thirty years. A List of Students prepared whoUy or in part for College at the Brookline High School. — Bacon, Horace, graduate Harvard College, 1868; merchant in New York. Baker, Edward Wild, graduate Harvard College, 1882. Beard, Amherst W., entered Harvard College, 1871. Benton, Edward A. R., graduate Harvard College, 1875 ; entered Brown University, 1870 ; afterwards Ph.D. ; geologist ; resides in Newton. Bixby, Charles Lee, graduate Harvard College, 1861 ; merchant in Boston ; resides in Newton. Bixby, William Herbert, West Point, 1870 ; in structor at West Point. Bowditch, James H., graduate Harvard College, 1869 ; landscape gardener. i Bradbury, Charles Brooks, graduate Harvard Col lege, 1858 ; teacher in New York. Brett, Henry, graduate Harvard College, 1869' civil engineer ; resides in Calumet, Mich. Briggs, Frederic M., graduate Harvard College, 1879 ; physician in Boston. Bush, Franklin Leonard, graduate Harvard Col lege, 1864; Episcopalian clergyman. Cabot, Franklin, entered Harvard College, 1877. Chandler, Alfred Dupont, graduate Harvard Col lege, 1868 ; lawyer in Boston; chairman of Board of Selectmen, Brookline, 1884. Chandler, Sumner O, entered Harvard College, 1871 ; lawyer in Boston. Chapin, Horace Dwight, graduate Harvard College, 1871 ; lawyer in Boston. Chase, Henry Lincoln, graduate Harvard College, 1882. Chase, William Leverett, graduate Harvard Col lege, 1876 ; merchant in Boston. Clark, George Clinton, Amherst College, 1858; merchant in Chicago ; became professor in a college in Chicago and president of education in that city. Cobb, Albert Wheelwright, graduate Harvard Col lege, 1872 ; lawyer in Chicago. Creesy, Franklin L., graduate Harvard College, 1882 ; student in law school. Cutler, Arthur Trufant, graduate Harvard College, 1871 ; merchant. Cutler, Herbert Dunning, graduate Harvard Col lege, 1869. Deane, Henry Ware, graduate Harvard College, 1869 ; was a teacher in Boston ; died 1875. Dow, Edward Scott, graduate Harvard College, 1883 ; student in Harvard Medical School. Edgerly, John H. W., graduate Harvard College, 1883. Fay, Clement Kelsey, graduate Harvard College, 1867 ; lawyer in Boston. Ferris, Edward Mortimer, graduate Harvard Col lege, 1874. Ferris, Lynde R., graduate Harvard College, 1883. Geddes, James, Jr., graduate Harvard College, 1880. Gooding, Alfred S., graduate Harvard College, 1877 ; minister in Brunswick, Me. Goodnough, Benjamin F., graduate Harvard Col lege, 1883; A.B. Goodnough, Zanthus Henry, graduate Harvard College, 1882. Henry, Bertram Curtis, entered Harvard College, 1882. BROOKLINE. 831 Hoar, David Blakely, graduate Harvard College, 1876 ; lawyer in Boston. Hobbs, Marland Cogswell, entered Harvard Col lege, 1881. Homer, William Bradford, entered Amherst Col- Soule, Richard Herman, graduate Harvard College, 1870 ; mechanical engineer. Stearns, John Joseph, Boston University, 1881 ; teacher. Stoddard, John Lawson, graduate Williams Col lege, 1863; graduated at Military Academy, West j lege, 1872; studied divinity at Yale College, now Point. public lecturer, and resides in Brookline. Stone, Milton J., entered Harvard College, 1881. Slyck, Van, Henry Switz, entered Harvard College, 1877. Taylor, William H., Yale College, 1878 ; resides in New Mexico. Turner, Nathaniel Dana, entered Harvard College, 1857. Waldo, Charles Sidney, graduate Brown University, 1874. Waldo, Clarence H., entered Brown University, 1875. Wallace, William, Jr., entered Harvard College, 1879. Ward, Langdon Lauriston, graduate Amherst Col lege, 1879. Warren, William Ross, graduate Harvard College, 1883 ; in business in New York, Wellman, Franklin Lewis, graduate Harvard Col lege, 1876 ; lawyer in New York. Wellman, Henry Cleveland, graduate Harvard Col lege, 1865 ; died, 1866. Wells, Benjamin, graduate Harvard College, 1876 ; teacher in Providence, R. I. Wetmore, Sidney, graduate Harvard College, 1877 ; lawyer in Boston. White, William Howard, graduate Harvard College, 1880; lawyer. Williams, Charles A., graduate Harvard College, 1872 ; lawyer in Boston. Williams, Edward Tufts, graduate Harvard College, 1865; physician in Boston. Williams, Harold, graduate Harvard College, 1875 ; physician in Boston. Williams, Moses, Jr., graduate Harvard College, 1868 ; lawyer in Boston. Wilson, William Griggs, graduate Harvard Col lege, 1862 ; lawyer in New York. Withington, Charles Francis, graduate Harvard College, 1874; teacher; now physician in Boston. Wrightington, Stewart, entered Harvard College, 1884. Students who were in the School of Technology from the Brookline High School. — Lincoln, Edwin H., civil engineer in Boston. Aspinwall, Thomas, civil engineer in Boston. Fisher, William B. Howe, Archibald Murray, graduate Harvard Col lege, 1869 ; lawyer in Boston, residence in Cam bridge. Joyce, George Frederick, Jr., graduate Harvard College, 1881 ; teacher. Kirby, Frederic W., entered Harvard College, 1868 ; architect in Boston. Lincoln, Albert L., Harvard College, 1872 ; lawyer in Boston ; special justice of police court in Brookline. Lincoln, James Otis, graduate Harvard College, 1873. Lincoln, Roland Crocker, graduate Harvard Col lege, 1865 ; lawyer in Boston. Long, Joseph Mansfield, entered Harvard College, 1881. Loring, Robert P., graduate Amherst College, 1874 ; physician ; now student of theology at New ton. Mahan, James Francis, entered Harvard College, 1879. Marston, Edward Chandler, entered Harvard Col lege, 1881. Mason, Allan Gregory, entered Harvard College, 1882. Mason, John Whiting, graduate Harvard College with highest honors, 1882, and is now student at law. Morse, James Herbert, graduate Harvard College, 1863^ teacher in New York. Parsons, Theophilus, graduate Harvard College, 1870 ; manufacturer. Poor, Henry William, graduate Harvard College, 1865 ; merchant in New York. Reed, Chester Allyn, graduate Harvard College, 1881. Ritchie, John, graduate Harvard College, 1861 ; manufacturer of philosophical apparatus. Robinson, James Arthur, entered Harvard College, 1877 ; physician in Taunton. Shurtleff, Carlton Atwood, graduate Harvard Col lege, 1861; medical cadet in army at Vicksburg; died, 1864. Smith, Walter Bugbee, graduate Harvard College, 1870; mechanical engineer. Soule, Charles Carroll, graduate Harvard College, 1862; major in army, afterwards in business in St. Louis, now publisher and bookseller in Boston. 832 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. Haseltine, William, with Boston and Bangor Steam boat Company, Boston. Gooding, Charles S., mechanical engineer in Boston. Cobb, Henry Ives, architect in Chicago. Getchell, Alice M. Pierce, Dean. Bowditch, Fred O, conveyancer in Boston. Harris, Charles A. Wellman, Willard A. Wilder, Burt G., professor in Cornell University. LIST OF PERSONS ENGAGED THE TOWN OF BROOKLINE LION. Gen. Edward A. Wild. Lieut. Wm. L. Candler. Lieut. Chas. L. Chandler. Joseph W. Funk. Charles D. Cates. Lyman C. Stephens. Wentworth Wilson. Julius A. Phelps. Charles Mcintosh. Benjamin F. Baxter. Lewis G. Getchell. Wm. Henry Trowbridge. John C. Withington. George H. Stone. Alonzo B. Langley. Joseph Turner. Luther H. Gilman. Mark B. Mulvey. George W. Funk. J. Frank Getchell. George A. Bailey. John E. Kelley. Fergus B. Turner. Charles B. McCausland. Charles Townsend. Timothy Goulding. William J. Bell. Clarence H. Thayer. John R. Caswell. Charles A. Dwyre. Miohael P. Mulrey. Daniel W. Simpson. Herbert S. Barlow. William Gregory. William Hughes. James Gaffeney. John T. Robinson. Francis Doyle. Francis H. Mcintosh. John Lynch. John J. O'Connell. Michael Gaffeney. William Bowes. James C. Withington. Augustus Waterman. Frank Howe. Patrick Reardon. John Wilson. Edward Stevens. John Young. AS SOLDIERS FROM IN THE LATE REBEL- John Malone. John Cosgrove. Wilder Dwight. Freeman Fernald. Malcolm G. Kittredge. Charles 0. Hallett. John A. Pratt. William H. Ela. John Murphy. Charles A. Moor. Daniel H. Purrington. Richard Leahy. Henry Learnard. James O'Brien. Theodore Hanley. Thomas Dillon. Michael Lynch. James Kent Stone. H. V. D. Stone. John Lawton. Bernard Kaiser. Charles E. Maynard. Maurice L. Cooley. Orrin W. Bosworth. Julius Pauzlaff. Fritz Goetz. Charles Roser. Frank J. Cleves. Andrew J. Moore. Daniel Hill. Joseph Sayward. James Welch. Francis Shattuck. Augustus Mitchell. Martin Heinlein. Andrew Heinlein. Paschal Barrill, Jr. B. F. Whitehouse. John McGettrick. Charles F. Fernald. John E. Farrington. Martin Dailey. William Fogerty. John McGowan. George Johnson. Miles Murphy. Robert Murray. Benjamin F. Cartret. Edward F. Allen. James Daley (2d). Augustus N. Sampson. George E. Bates. Albert B. Whiting. John Cusick. Edgar James Hobson. Henry Bell. Robert Bowes. Charles F. Neal. Horace E. Smith. Warren Handy. John E. Kelly. Francis McNamara. Benjamin F. Hanaford. Charles E. Griswold. Charles H. Perry. James P. Stearns. Horace P. Williams. Thomas G. Warren. Edward Perry. Arthur Kemp. Michael McGrath. Alonzo Bowman. Michael Canty. Michael Campbell. Timothy Kennedy. John Sweeney. William Sullivan. James A. Fisher. Bartholomew Cusick. Frederick Hutchings. Eliphalet F. Winter. A. W. Morse. George E. Archer. James A. Dale. William E. Richardson. Benjamin B. Edmands. Henry H. Fuller. John E. H. Chase. Joseph H. Dwyer. George W. Babb. George H. Bacon. Albert A. Pope. Stephen W. Adams. James H. Pike. Edward L. Sargent. Robert Murphy. James S. Arthur. Charles J. Worthen. Henry H. Shedd. David J. Mixer. Otis A. Foster. John W. Seward. Edmund Russell. William H. White. Maurice Haley. Robert W. Bruce. Horace H. Goodwin. William II. Douglas. James 0. Joslyn. Casper Crowningshield. Louis Cabot. William H. Bartlett. James W. Sinclair. Amasa D. Bacon. Luther L. Esterbrook. John C. Frost. Augustus S. Alden. Lewis R. A Hard. Oscar F. Glidden. William G. Rollins. Simeon G. Richardson. Edward H. Church. Edwin T. Atwood. Lyman W. Temple. Otis N. Harrington. Frederic F. Brown. William H. Starkweather. Stephen H. Johnson. Asa L. Gowell. Samuel Abell. Daniel D. Adams. Benjamin E. Corlew. William H. Fitzpatrick. Charles E. Pierce. John T. Goodwin. Daniel Webster Atkinson. Henry L. Wheelock. Willard Y. Gross. Henry Orcutt. Mears Orcutt. Hiram P. Ring. Llewellyn Ham. Charles G. Colbath. John C. Wilkins. William Dwight, Jr. Charles T. Dwight. Howard Dwight. Nicholas Eagan. Charles Manny. William Nichols, surgeon. George M. Rollins. George G. Stoddard. Charles E. Rollins. J. Nelson Bogman. Frank L. Boyden. William C. Richardson. Gershom C. Winsor. Sidney Heath. James H. Robinson. Henry B. Scudder. Eustis C. Hubbard. Frank H. Scudder. George A. Higgins. Frank Fitz. E. Clifford Walker. John Burnham. William T. Eustis. Frederic Dexter. Alfred Winsor, Jr. George A. Slack. Edward B. Richardson. Joseph H. Wellman. S. W. Richardson. George H. Adams. Otis T. Morrill. Edward C. Cabot. John Leonard. Albert R. Howe. Charles C. Soule. William F. Hall. Jeremiah McCarty. Thomas Britt. BROOKLINE. 833 William Johnson. George B. Chamberlain. George F. Dearborn. William L. Wellman. William H. Batson. A. Cowan. H. G. Porter. Osavius Verney. John Ayres. Joshua W. Carter. J. H. Chamberlain. John W. Clark. W. Gould. Edward W. Griggs. Nathaniel P. Harris. William MoCarthy. Mark W. Sheaf e, Jr. Warren Simons. Daniel P. Sawyer. William H. Warren. Charles T. Chandler. Charles L. Perry. John H. Whitney. Charles H. Whitney. John C. Woodward. Horace E. Whitfield. George Pope. G. 0. Fessenden. Charles A. Wilkinson. Thomas L. Smith. Julius Kuhlig. Jacob Miller. Benjamin F. Higgins. John S. O'Brien. Thomas Maloney. R. B. T. Dowdaney. William H. Steele. Harry Hazelhurst. Isaac N. Bridge. Robert G. Bridge. C. M. Sehafer. Emil Dupont. Luther J. Nason. Charles B. Spencer. Joseph H. Wellman. William Johnson. Daniel Sweeney. William F. Robinson. Frank Bryant. William H. Bradford. Pierce E. Penniman. Isaac F. Lobdell. George Cook. Henry A. Ferrie. H. A. Morrill. Diomes Rosaline. Trustworthy L. Moulton. William Ragin. E. H. Johnson. John P. Treat. James Kingsmill. James Hamilton. S. F. Douglas. James Sherman. George Brown. John Saunders. Edward Harris. Charles Raynold. Albert McDonald. Joseph Dykes. Charles Boston. Patrick Carey. Lewis Osley. Frank Seaverns. George Perry. John C. Baker. E. V. Noyes. Learned Purcell. John Keenan. James M. Richardson. T. W. Warren. John Allen. Henry Bacon. Lewis Henry Ballard. Sidney Barstow. Edmund D. Barton. Thomas Bell. Oliver C. Bixby. Benjamin M. Bond. John Brown. John II. Brotherson. William B. Butterfield. Thomas Carroll. Mathew Casey. Augustus Chapman. Moses M. Chase. Thomas Cleary. Alexander H. Clapp, Jr. Elbridge G. Collins. William Collins. William B. Cowan. James H. Crowell. Thomas Cusick. William Dalton. James Davenport. George Dimond. Walter Calvin Dimmock. William Driscoll. Michael Flannery. John Fizzell. Patrick Gallagher. William Gallagher. James H. Gartside. Charles II. Granville. Charles H. Godkin. Robert Gray. Alex. Francis Green. Cornelius R. Guptill. John Hagenah. William Haley. John C. Hardy. David Harris. George W. Harris. James W. Harvey. George A. Higgins. Charles H. Hollis. Joseph Hopkins. David Howe, Jr. Henry Jenkins. Jeremiah Kellogg. Albert Lanyninder. Thomas Logan. William Samuels. William B. Seymoure. Alfred E. Smart. Asa W. Smith. John Snow. John Sylva. James Tarby, Jr. Matthew Towle. Jeremiah Toomey. Eugene C. Walker. James T. Walsh. Patrick Ward. Charles F. Webster. Thomas Whalen. Samuel White. Burnham C. Clark. Horace W. Chandler. Isaiah S. Coombs. Joseph Cole. Thomas Devine. Richard Harrington. T. E. Richardson. John Saunders. Edward N. Selfridge. Sewall C. Maynard. Edward Maloney. Daniel McAllister. Thomas McCabe. John MoClellan. Edward McClinchy. Onslow McLaughlin. Nelson McNonagle. Patrick Moriarty. James Merrill. Alfred Mitchell. Owen 0. Flynn. Charley Olsen. Lewis C. Oulman. James Penderghast. Edward S. Perry. Henry R. Peterson. Joseph P. Pond, Jr. Thomas Powers. John Quinlan. Samuel S. Reed. James Henry Rice. James Rice. Henry F. Ross. Col. Theodore Lyman was on Gen. Meade's staff. Carlton A. Shurtleff, medical cadet. Edward S. Philbrick was employed by the government at Port Royal, S. C. Memorial to the Memory of our Patriotic Dead. — The list of names as they appear on the tablets is printed below : HENRY ALBERS. 32d Mass. Inf. Died March 30, 1865, Washington, D. C, of wounds received at Petersburg, Va. DANIEL W. ATKINSON. 10th Mass. Battery. Killed Oct. 27, 1864, Hatcher's Run, Va. JOSEPH BAINS. TJ. S. Navy : Steamer Moccassin. Died Feb. 2, 1865. GEORGE BAKER. 32d Mass. Inf. Died on the march in Virginia, Sept. 11, 1862. HERBERT S. BARLOW. 1st Mass. Inf. Killed accidentally Jan. 31, 1862, Budd's Ferry, Md. PASCHAL BARRELL, Jn. 2d Mass. Inf. Died of wounds, May 12, 1863, received at Chan- cellorsville, Va. OLIVER C. BIXBY. 58th Mass. Inf. Killed July 30, 1864, Petersburg, Va. J. NELSON BOGMAN. 3d R. I. Artillery. Died. ROBERT BOWES. 17th Mass. Inf. Drowned May 10, 1862, Newberne, N. C. JOSEPH BURKE. 59th Mass. Inf. Killed May 12, 1864, Spottsylvania, Va. GEORGE C. BURRILL. 1st Lieut. 59th Mass. Inf. Killed May 8, 1864, The Wilder ness, Va. CHARLES L. CHANDLER. Lieut.-Col. 57th Mass. Killed May 24, 1864, North Anna River, Va. MOSES M. CHASE. Corp. Co. G, 2d Mass. Heavy Artillery. Died inAndersonville Prison Sept. 13, 1S64. S34 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY. MASSACHUSETTS. JOHN W. CLARK. 1st Mass. Battery. Died Oct. J, 1562. Bakersville, Md. THOMAS CLEARY. 56th Mass. Inf. Died April 13, 1*64. Annapolis. Md. ELBRIDGE G. COLLINS. 2d Mass. Heavy Art. Died Sept. 14, 1564, Andersonville, Ga. GEORGE COLLINS. Co. B. 21 Mass. Infantry. Died March 26. 1565, at Goldsboro'. N. C. JOHN B. CUSICK. 2Sth Mass. Inf. Killed June 16, 1564. Petersburg. Ya. JAMES A. DALE. Corp. 33d Mass. Inf. Died July 1, 1564. of wounds received May 15, 1S64. at Resaca, Ga. THOMAS DILLON. 2d Mass. Inf. Killed Sept. 17. 1862. Antietam, Md. HOWARD DWIGHT. Capt. 4th Missouri Cav. Killed May 4th. 1563, near Bayou Boeuf, La. WILDER DWIGHT. Lieut.-Col. 2d Mass. Inf. Died Sept. 19. 1562. of wounds re ceived at Antietam. Md. HENRY P. EDGAR. U. S. Navy. Died in hospital, Jan. 28. 1S64. CHARLES FREEMAN FERNALD. Co. H, 2d Mass. Inf. Died May ?, 1863. JAMES M. FOSS. Sergt. 59th Mass. Inf. Died Nov. 5. 1S64. New York City. EriSHA T. FRENCH. Corp. Co. G, 2d Mass. Heavy Art. Died a prisoner in Flor ence, October, 1S64. JOJEPn W. FUNK. 11th Mass. Inf. Died Get. 16, 1S64, Washington, D. C. J. FRANK GETCHELL. Corp. 1st Mass. Inf. Died Feb. 3, 1863. Falmouth, Va. LOUIS G. GETCHELL. 1st Mass. Inf. Killed June 25. 1862, Fair Oaks. Va. CHARLES H. GODKIN. 2d Mass. Heavy Art. Died Oct. 3. 1864, Andersonville, Ga. HORACE H. GOODWIN. 1st Mass. Cav. Died Feb. 3, 1864, Washington, D. C. CHARLES E. GRISWOLD. Col. 56th Mass. Inf. Killed May 6, 1S64, The Wilderness, Va. OTIS N. HARRINGTON. 1st Sergt. 10th Mass. Battery. Died July 30, 1S63, Washing ton, D. C. NATHANIEL P. HARRIS. Sergt. 45th Mass. Inf. Died June 19, 1S63, Newberne, N. C. JOHN HAYMON. 56th Mass. Inf. Killed July 30, 1564. Petersburg, Va. FRANCIS G. HOLMES. U. S. Navy, Steamer Tuscombia. Died of wounds May IS, 1863. TIMOTHY KENNEDY. 28th Mass. Inf. Killed Deo. 13, 1862, Fredericksburg, Va. JOHN KILROY. Corp. 28th Mass. Inf. Died June 14, 1862. Hilton Head, S. C. WILLIAM H. KINNEY. D. S. Navy, Steamer Benton. Killed in action, April 29, 1S63. MALCOLM G. KITTRIDGE. 2d Mass. Inf. Killed May 3, 1S63, Chancellorsville, Va. FREDERICK KNIBBS. 55rh Mass. Inf. Died May 24. 1564, Fredericksburg, Va, tf wounds received . SAMUEL G. LAMSON. Paymaster's Clerk, C S. A. Died Aug. 4. 1563. on Steanv Ruth. JOHN LEE. 5th Mass. Cav. Died Jane 21. 1565. on Steamer Ashland. WILLIAM LYNCH. Corp. 25th Mass. Inf. Died of wounds Jan. 3. 1863. JAMES MctWLLEY. 59th Mass. Inf. Died May 2;'. 1564, Arlington Heights, Ta. EDWARD MALONEY. 56th Mass. Inf. Died June 13. 1564, City Point, Ya. JOHN MEAD. 16th Mass. Battery. Died Jan. 25. 1565. New Brunswick, Va. OTIS S. MERRILL. 44th Mass. Inf. Died March 2, 1563. Newberne, N. C. JAMES MILES. 2d Mass. Car. Killed Feb. 22. 1S64, Drainsville, Ya. PATRICK MORIARTY. 56th Mass. Inf. Died Oct. 14, 1564. Danville, Ya. MICHAEL MORRISSY. U. S. Navy : Steamer W. G. Anderson. Died Dec 14, 1S61. ABEL W. MORSE. 32d Mass. Inf. Killed June 3. 1564, Bethesda Church, Ya. ROBERT S. MURRAY. Corp. 12th Mass. Inf. Killed Sept. 17. 1862. Antietam, Md. JEREMIAH O'BRIEN. 24th Mass. Inf. Killed May 16, 1564. Drurys Bluff, Ya. MICHAEL O'NEIL. 30th Mass. Inf. Killed July 13. 1S63. Donaldsonville, La. JULIUS A. PHELPS. 1st Mass. Inf. Killed June SO, 1562, Glendale, Ya. SAMUEL S. REED. 2d Mass. Heavy Art. Died Sept. 8, 1864, Andersonville, Ga. CHARLES E. ROLLINS. 44th Mass. Inf. Killed Nov. 2, 1562. Little Creek, N.C. HENRY L. ROSS. 56th Mass. Inf. Killed May 6, 1864, The Wilderness, Ya. CARLETON A. SHURTLEFF. Medical Cadet, Invalided at the Siege of Vieksbnrg, Miss. Died June 26. 1S64. Brookline. GEORGE T. STEARNS. 22d Mass. Inf. Died July 5. 1864. Washington, D. C, of wounds received in The Wilderness, Va. HENRY V. D. STONE. 2d Lieut. 2d Mass. Inf. Killed July 3. 1S63, Gettysburg, Pa. JOHN GORHAM THAYER. Capt. 1st Mass. Cav. Died Deo. 28, 1564. Sacramento, Cal. WILLIAM H. TROWBRIDGE. 1st Mass. Inf. Died July 6, 1862. Malvern Hill. Ya. JOSEPH W. TURNER. 1st Mass. Inf. Died June 21, IS62. Fair Oaks, Va. THOMAS G. WARREN. 22d Mass. Inf. Killed June IS. 1864, Petersburg, Va. AUGUSTUS WATERMAN. 1st Mass. Inf. Died Feb. 12. 1865, Searsport, Me. CHARLES F. WEBSTER. Co. G. 2d Mass. Heavy Artillery. Missing in action, April 20, 1S64. BROOKLINE. 835 HENRY W. WELLS. Ensign U. S. Navy. Lost at sea, Dec. 31, 1864. THOMAS WHALEN. 22d Mass. Inf. Killed May 10, 1864, Laurel Hill, Va. CHARLES H. "WHEELWRIGHT. Surgeon U. S. Navy. Died July 30, 1862, Pilot Town, La. RICHARD H. WYETH. 3d Mass. Cav. Died while a prisoner, 1864. The following-named persons, residents of the town of Brookline, were engaged in the United States naval service : John S. G. Aspinwall, assist ant engineer. Charles L. Bixby, coast sur vey. Danforth. Joseph F. Green, captain. William H. Gilson. Winslow L. Hallett. Frederic Hatchers. Stephen Longfellow, coast sur vey. Patrick Mitchell. John O'Dea. Charles B. Pine. Thomas 0. Selfridge, captain. Thomas 0. Selfridge, Jr., lieu tenant. George G. Stoddard, lieuten ant of marines. George Treadwell. Henry W. Wells, master's mate. Richard Soule. Terrance Gallagher. Patrick Linney. Sailors in the United States Navy to 1865 Ashton, George E. Antonio, George. Armitage, Thomas B. Ayer, Edward H. Anderson, John. Adams, William W. Altham, George. Borden, Nathaniel A. Blake, Samuel. Byron, William E. Brown, John E. Bliss, Frederick. Barrett, Richard. Berry, James T. Boyden, John. Burk, John. Byrnes, James. Bains, Joseph. Burns, Patrick. Baring, James. Butler, Winthrop. Bruce, W. G. Brigham, Frank W. Brickett, George F. Belmano, F. C. Bigelow, B. F. Blackmer, John. Burleigh, Daniel C. Castono, Admirian. Cage, Henry. Cloth, William P. Cross, Richard. Coffin, Benjamin A. Chase, James W. Curran, Daniel. Came, Lewis. Clancy, Paul. credited to Brookline — 1861 Conner, John C. Cutter, Sebastian. Carr, George W. Cloutman, Henry. Coburn, George M. Cunningham, Miohael. Callahan, Thomas. Callahan, John. Curtis, Frank. Cunningham, Thomas A. Campbell, William H. Corrie, Robert. Colby, Edward P. Callahan, E. J. Downey, Jeremiah. Devoe, Cornelius. Doyle, Cornelius. Dunn, James. Dunn, James T. Daley, Timothy. Dailey, John. Donald, David. Eldridge, Joshua H. Ewer, George W. Edgar, Henry P. Evans, George. Ellis, Francis E. Edwards, Henry D. Edwards, Shubale P. Fallon, Michael- Franklin, Benjamin. Faber, Henry D. Fisher, Erastus E. Faber, John W. Fitzgerald, Florence. Frisbee, John B. Fay, John. Fisher, William. Franklin, David B. Fenner, Erastus L. Flynn, Patrick. Flug, Rufus A. Fernands, Mans. Fisney, Thomas. Fay, Thomas L. Gillispee, William. Gruce, AVilliani. Gross, Amasa J. Griswold, John N. Gordon, Henry. Gould, Charles H. Garvin, William. Hartford, Hiram E. Heher, Patrick. Holmes, Francis G. Holbrook, William. Hartigan, David B. Hogan, Michael. Harris, William. Hart, Daniel. Harlow, Michael. Hazen, Edward L. Holland, Jeremiah. Harrington, John. Ignases, Raphael. Jordan, William. Johnson, John. Joyce, Thomas. Kinney, William H. Kavill, Henry. Keene, Patrick. Kruger, Henry J. Lehey, Thomas. Landrigan, Will'am. Mahoney, Timothy. Millett, William. Manwarring, Wilson. Mahon, John. Myron, Henry. Morrissey, Mike. Merrill, Marcellus R. Martin, John. McDennot, Patrick. McCann, Thomas. McGrath, Daniel. Mullen, Thomas. McDonald, James. McElhone, Hugh. Nolan, John. Newell, Michael. Neil, John. Nash, Peter. Nolan, John. Nolan, John. O'Sullivan, Thomas. Pike, Walter. Pinkham, Thomas H. Quinlan, Michael. Quirk, William. Rogers, John. Russell, Brightman. Sullivan, Michael. Stephens, Peter E. Sterling, Hiram. Stickney, John S. R. Stephens, Joel L. Swarez, Manual. Sampson, Edward. Sullivan, Daniel. Sullivan, Jeremiah. Sullivan, John. Spencer, Charles E. Smith, James W. Sullivan, Jeremiah. Sheean, Dennis. Smith, John. Sheldon, George. Trask, Moses H. Tucker, Hiram. Thorner, William. Todd, Joseph. Treadwell, Fnink. Traynor, Alfred. Todd, Samuel. Venton, Henry. Wood, Samuel. Wornell, Jeremiah. Wright, James. Waltz, Jacob. Williams, Charles. Williamson, Anthony W. Whitney, Patrick. Welsh, Michael. Watson, Joseph. West, William C. Wilson, John. Whatson, James. Williams, George. Walton, John. Moore, Samuel. LIST OF SELECTMEN. From the Incorporation of the Town of Brookline, Mass., to the Present Time, Lieut. Thomas Gardner, 170S, '07, '11, '12. Samuel Aspinwall, 1706, '07, '11, '12, '14, '15, '16, '17, 'IS. John Winchester, 1706, '07, '08, '09, '10, '11, '1 6, '25, '26, '33, '37, Benjamin White, 1706, '17, '18, '27, '2S, '29, '30, '31/32. Thomas Stedman, 1707, 'OS, '09, '10, '13, '16, '18. Samuel Sewell, 1706, '08, '09, '10, '12, '14, '15. Erosamond Drew, 1713. Josiah Winchester, 1713, '14, '17. John Seaver, 1715, '18, '37. Joseph Gardner, 1719, '20. 836 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. Lieut. Henry Winchester, 1719, '20, '21, *22, '23, '24, '25, '36, '40. Capt. Caleb Gardner, 1719, '20, '21, '22, '25, '27, '28, '29, '30, '31. James Griggs, 1721, '26. Peter Boyiston, 1722, '23, '24. Samuel White, 1723, '24, '25, '34, '35, '36, '39, '40, '41, '42, '43, '44, '45, '46, '47, '48, '49, '50, '51, '52, '53, '56, '57. Isaac Gardner, 1725, '33, '37, '45, '46, '47. Capt. Robert Sharp, 1726, '27, '28, '29, '32, '34, '35, '38, '39, '47, '48, '49. Deacon Thomas Cotton, 1730. Abraham Woodward, 1731, '34, '35, '43, '50, '51, '54, '55, '56, '57, '58, '59. Elhanan Winchester, 1731, '32. Capt. Edward White, 1733, '36, '40, '42, '43, '47, '52, '53. Samuel Clark, 1733, '36. Joshua Child, 1733. William Gleason, 1738, '39. Capt. Benjamin Gardner, 1738, '55, '56. Col. Thomas Aspinwall, 1738, '41, '42, '44, '45, '46, '47, '48, '49, '58, '76, '79, '85. Nathaniel Seaver, 1738. William Davis, 1741. Dr. Zabdiel Boylston, 1744. Deacon Ebenezer Davis, 1750, '51, '59, '60, '61, '62, '63, '64, '65, '66, '85, '86, '91, '92. Henry Sewall, 1752, '53, '60, '61. Jonathan Winchester, 1754, '55, '56, '57. Nehemiah Davis, 1754, '59. Deacon Joseph White, 1756, '58. Jeremy Gridley, 1760, '61, '67. John Harris, Jr., 1760, '61, '62, '63, '64, '65, '66, '67, '68, '69, '94, '95. Isaac Gardner, Jr., 1760, '61, '62, '63, '64, '65, '66, '67, '68, '69, '71, '72, '73, '85, '86. Capt. Benjamin White, 1762, '63, '64, '65, '66, '67, '68, '70, '71, '72, '73, '74, '75, '76, '78, '79, '81, '82. Capt. Robert Sharp, Jr., 1762, '63, '64, '65, '66. Maj. Moses White, 1765, '78, '79, '83, '84, '87, '88, '89, '90. Capt. John Goddard, 1767, '68, '69, '74, '76, '78, '80, 'SI, '82, '85, '86, '93. Thomas Griggs, 1768, '69, '75, '76. Eiisha Gardner, 1769, '77. Isaac Winchester, 1770. Isaac Child, 1770, '71, '72, '73, '74, '75, '76. Maj. William Thompson, 1777, '80. Capt. Timothy Corey, 1777, '93, '94, '95. Elhanan Winchester, 1778. Capt. Samuel Craft, 1778, '79, '87, '88, '89, '90, '99, 1800, '01, '02, '03, '04, '05, '06, '07, '08, '09. Stephen Sharp, 1779, '83, '84, '93, '96, '97, '98, '99, 1800, '01, '02, '03, '04, '05, '06, '07, '08, '09, '10, '11, '12, '13. Capt. William Campbell, 1780, '81, '82. Caleb Craft, 1783, '84, '91, '92. Daniel Dana, 1785. Deacon Samuel Clark, 1787, '88, '89, '90, '99, 1800, '01, '02, '03, '04, '05, '06, '07, '08, '09. Isaac S. Gardner, 1791, '92, '96, '97, '98, 1814, '15, '16, '17. Nathaniel Winchester, 1794, '95. Capt. Joseph Goddard, 1796, '97, '98, 1805, '11, '12, '13, '14, '15, '16, '17. Deacon John Robinson, 1805, '06, '07, '08, '10, '11, '12, '13, '14, '15, '16, '17, '18, '19, '20, '21, '22, '23, '24, '25, '26, '27, '28, '29, '30, '31, '32, '33, '34. Eliphalet Spurr, 1807, '08, '10. Nathaniel Murdock, 1818, '19, '20, '21, '22, '23, '24. Oliver Whyte, 1818, '19, '20, '21, '22, '23, '24, '25, '26, '27, '28, '29, '30. Ebenezer Heath, 1825, '26, '27, '28, '29. James Leeds, 1830, '31. John Hayden, 1831, '32, '34. Charles Stearns, Jr., 1832, '33, '34, '35, '36, '37, '38, '39, '40,41.. John Thayer, 1833. Daniel Sanderson, 1835, '36, '37. Abijah W. Goddard, 1835, '36, '37. Reubin Hunting, 1838. John W. Bass, 1838, '39. James Robinson, 1839, '40, '41. Benjamin B. Davis, 1840, '41. Daniel Sanderson, 1842, '43, '44, '45, '47. David Coolidge, 1842, '43, '44. Thomas Griggs, 1842, '43, '44. Marshal Stearns, 1845, '46, '49, '55, '56, '57, '58, '59, '60, '61, '62, '63, '64, '65, '66. James Bartlett, 1845, '46, '47, '48, '49, '50, '51, '53, '54, '55, '56, '57, '58, '59, '60, '61, '62, '63, '64, '65, '66, '67, '68, '69. Hugh M. Sanborn, 1846, '47, '48. Bela Stoddard, 1848. Samuel Craft, 1849. Jerathmeel Davenport, 1850, '51, '52, '53. William Dearborn, 1850, '51, '52. David S. Coolidge, 1852, '53, '54. John C. Abbott, 1854. Howard S. Williams, 1855, '56, '57, '58, '59.1 Willard A. Humphrey, 1858, '59. Thomas Parsons, 1858, '59, '60, '61, 62, '63, '64, '65, '66, '67, '68, '69, '70, '74, '75. Edward R. Seccomb, 1860, '61, '62. Nathaniel G. Chapin, 1860, '61, '62, '63. William J. Griggs, 1863, '64, '65, '66, 67, '68, '69, '70. Edward S. Philbrick, 1864, '65, '66, '67, '68, '69. Horace James, 1S67, '68, '69, '70, '71, '72, '73, '74, '75, '76, '78, '79, '80, 'SI, '82. Charles D. Head, 1870, '71, '72, '73, '74, '75. Augustus Whittemore, 1870. William Aspinwall, 1871, '72. Charles K. Kirby, 1871, '72, '73, '74, '75. James W. Edgerly, 1871, '72, '73, '78. Daniel D. Brodhead, 1873. Austin W. Benton, 1874, '75. William I. Bowditch, 1876, '77, '78.2 James M. Codman, 1876, '77. Francis W. Lawrence, 1876, '77, '78, '79, '82, '83, '84. Marshall Russell, 1876, '77. Oliver Whyte, 1877, '78, '79, '80, '81, '83, '84. Moses Williams, Jr., 1879. Rufus G. P. Candage, 1879, '80, '81. Charles H. Drew, 1880, '81, '82, '83. Roland C. Lincoln, 1880, '81. William D. Coolidge, 1882. Nathaniel Lyford, 1882. Charles F. Spaulding, 1883. John K. Rogers, 1883, '84. Alfred D. Chandler, 1884. James B. Hand, 1884. 1 Voted to have five seleotmen in 1858, which has been the custom of the town to the present time. ' In 1876 the selectmen were overseers of the poor, survey ors of highways, a special board of health having been elected. In 1877 the selectmen, surveyors of highways, and board of health were one board. BROOKLINE. 837 ASSESSORS. From the Incorporation of the Town of Brookline, Mass., to the Present Time. Samuel Aspinwall, 1706. Joseph Gardner, 1706. John Winchester, Sr., 1706, '07. Lieut. Thomas Gardner, 1707. Ensign Benjamin White, 1707. We find no record of any election of assessors for the town between 1707 and 1712. In that year the " Selectmen were au thorized and appointed to Assess on the property," and from 1712 to 1737 the selectmen performed the duties of that office. Capt. Robert Sharp, 1738. Benjamin Gardner, 1738, '43. Thomas Aspinwall, 1738. Selectmen elected assessors, 1739, '40, '41, '42. Ebenezer Davis, 1743, '44, '47, '48, '53, '92. Nathaniel Seaver, 1743, '44, '47, '48, '53. Samuel Craft, 1747, '48. William Davis, 1753. Selectmen elected assessors, 1749, '50, '51, '52, '54, 'bb, '56, '57, '58, '59, '60, '61, '62, '63, '64, '65, '66, '67, '68, '69, '70, '71, '72, '73, '74, '75, '76, '77, 7S, '79, 'SO, '81, '82, '83, '84. (See List of Selectmen for navies.) No election of assessors in the following years, viz.: 1785, '86, '87, '88, '89, '90, '91, '92, '93, '94, '95. Selectmen elected assessors, 1796, '97, '98, '99, 1800, '01, '02, '03, '04, '05, '06, '07, 'OS, '09, '10, '11, '12, '13, '14, '15, '16, '17, '18, '19, '20, '21, '22, '23, '24, '25, '26, '27, '28, '29, '30, '31/32, '33, '34, '35, '36, '37, '38, '39, '40, '41. Since 1796 up to 1856, the selectmen were elected to serve as assessors. From the last date they were annually elected, Charles Stearns, Jr., 1842, '43, '44, '45, '46, '47, '48, '49, '50, '51, '53. Samuel Philbrick, 1842. Seth T. Thayer, 1842. Abijah W. Goddard, 1843, '49. Timothy Corey, 1843, '44. Isaac Cook, 1844, '45, 46. Jesse Bird, 1845, '46. Thomas Griggs, 1847, '48, '49, '50, '51. Royal Mcintosh, 1847, '48. John N. Turner, 1850, '51, '60, '61, '62. William I. Bowditch, 1852, '70. A. H. Newell, 1852. William A. Humphrey, 1852, '53, '54, '55, '56, '57, '58, '59. Augustus W. Seamans, 1853, '54. James Robinson, 1854. Jerathmeel Davenport, 1855, '56, '57, '58, '59, '60, '61, '62, '63. Frederic J. Williams, 1855, '56, '57. William H. Jameson,1 1855, '56, '57. Thomas B. Hall,1 1855, '56, '57, '58, '59, '60, '61, '62, '63, '64, '65, '66, '67, '68, '69, '70, '71, '72, '73, '74, '75, '76, '77, '78. George Craft, 1S55, '56, '57. William B. Towne, 1863, '64, '65, '66, '67. Albert W. Smith, 1864, '65, '66. Austin W. Benton, 1867, '68, '69, '70, '71, '72. Marshal Stearns, 1868, '69. William Aspinwall, 1871. William Lincoln, 1872, '73, '74, '75, '76, '77, '78, '79, '80, '81, '82, '83, '84. 1 During the years 1855, '56, '57, these men were assistant assessors only. Frederic W. Prescott, 1873, '74, '75, '76, '77. Rufus G. F. Candage, 1873, '84. J. Anson Guild, 1878, '79, '80, '81, '82, '83, '84. William D. Coolidge, 1879, '80, '81, '82, '83. Nominated, but died before election (1884). TOWN CLERKS. From the Date of Incorporation. Josiah Winchester, Sr., 1706, '07, '10, '13. Samuel Sewall, 1708, '09, '12, '14, '26. Thomas Stedman, 1711. John Seaver, 1715, '16, '17, '18. Edward White, 1719, '20, '21, '22, '23, '24, '25. Samuel White, 1727, '28, '29, '30, '31, '32, '33, '34, '35/36, '37, '38, '39, '40, '41, '42, '43, '44, '45. Henry Sewall, 1746. Ebenezer Davis, 1747, '48, '49, '51. Henry Davis, 1750. Jonathan Winchester, 1752, '53, '54, '55, '56, '57. Isaac Gardner, Jr., 1758, '59, '60, '61, '62, '63, '64, '65/66, '67, '68, '69, '70, '71, '72, '73, '74, '75. Stephen Sharp, 1776, '78, '79, '80, '81, '82, '83, '84, '85, '86, '87. '88, '89, '90, '91, '92, '93, '94, '95, '96, '97, '98, '99, 1800, '01, '02, '03, '04, '05, '06, '07, '08, '09, '10, '11, '12, '13. Oliver Whyte, 1814, '15, '16, '17, '18, '19, '20, '21, '22, '23, '24, '25, '26, '27, '28, '29, '30, '31, '32, '33, '34, '35/36/37/38, '39, '40, '41. Otis Withington, 1842, '43, '44, '45. Artemas Newell, 1846, '47, '48, '49. William Aspinwall, 1850, '51. Benjamin F. Baker, 1852, '53, '54, '55, '56, '57, '58, '59, '60, '61, '62, '63, '64, '65, '66, '67, '68, 69, '70, '71, '72, '73, '74, '75/76, '77, '78, '79, '80, '81, '82, 'S3, '84. Much of the time previous to 1849 the town clerk held the oflice of treasurer, as may be seen by comparing list of names. TREASURERS OF THE TOWN OF BROOKLINE. From the Date of Incorporation. Samuel Sewall, Jr., 1707, 'OS, '09, '10, '11, '12, '14, '15, '18, '26. Josiah Winchester, 1713, '16. Joseph Goddard, 1717. Edward White, 1719, '20, '21, '22, '23, '24, '25. Samuel White, 1727, '28, '29, '30, '31, '32, '33, '34, '35, '36, '37, '38, '39, *40, '41, '42, '13, '44, '45. Henry Sewall, 1746. Ebenezer Davis, 1747, '48, '49, '51, '68, '69, '70, '71, '72. Henry Davis, 1750. Jonathan Winchester, 1752, '53, '54, '55, '56, '57. Isaac Gardner, Jr., 1758, '59, '60, '61, '62, '63, '64, '65, '66, '67, '70. Benjamin White, 1773, '74, '75, 76, 77, '78, 79. Maj. William Thompson, 17S0. Dr. William Aspinwall, 1781, '82, '83, 'S4, '85/86/87/88/89, '90. Stephen Sharp, 1791, '92, '93, '94, '95, '96, '97, '98, '99, 1800, '01 '02 '03, '04, '05, '06, '07, '08, '09, '10, '11, '12, '13. Ebenezer Heath, 1814, '15, '16, '17, '18, '19, '20, '21, '22, '23, '24, '25, '26, '27, '28. Oliver Whyte, 1829, '30, '31, '32, '33, '34, '35, '36, '37. Artemas Newell, 1838, '39, '40, '41, '42, '43, '44, '45, '46, '47. Stephen S. C. Jones, 1848. Moses Withington, 1849, '50, '51, '52, '53, '54, '55, '56, 57, 58, '59 '60, '61, '62, '63, '64, '65, '66, '67, '6S, '69, 70, 71, 72, 73' 74 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 'SO, 'SI, '82, 'S3, '84. 838 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. In these years the name of (¦ the presiding officer is not re corded. NAMES OF MODERATORS OF THE ANNUAL TOWN- MEETINGS. From the Incorporation of the Town to the Present Time, with the Date of the Meeting. March 4, 1706. ] " 3, 1707. " 7, 1708-9. " 6, 1709-10. " 5, 1710-11. " 3, 1712. " 2, 1713. 1, 1714. " 21, 1715. " 12, 1716. " 18, 1717. j March 3, 1718. Josiah Winchester, Sr. " 2, 1719. Edward White. " '9,1720. " " " 6, 1721. " " " 5, 1722. " " 4, 1723. " " " 1, 1724. " " " 1, 1725. " " " 7, 1726. Samuel Sewell, Jr. 6, 1727. " " 4, 1728. Samuel White. " 3, 1729. " " " 2, 1730. " " 1, 1731. Capt. Caleb Gardner. " 6, 1732. Capt. Edward White. " 5, 1733. Samuel White. " 4, 1734. " " " 3, 1735. " " " 1, 1736. 7, 1737. " 6, 1738. " " " 5, 1739. " " " 3, 1740. " " " 2, 1741. " " 1, 1742. " " 7, 1743. Maj. White. 5, 1744. Samuel White. " 4, 1745. " " " 3, 1746. " " " 2, 1747. " ", 7, 1748. " " 6, 1749. " " 5, 1750. " " " 11, 1751. " " " 2, 1752. " " " 5, 1753. " " " 4, 1754. Jonathan Winchester. " 3, 1755. " " " 1, 1756. Samuel White. 7, 1757. " " 6, 1758. Edward White. " 1759. Jeremiah Gridley. " 3, 1760. " " 2, 1761. " " 22, 1762. Ebenezer Davis. " 7, 1763. Jeremiah Gridley. " 5, 1764. Ebenezer Davis. 4, 1765. " " " 3, 1766. Jeremiah Gridley. 2, 1767. " " March 7, 1768 Ebenezer Davis. 6, 1769. Will am Hyslop. 5, 1770. Capt. Benjamin White. 4, 1771. ,, « tt 2, 1772. ,, tt tt " 1, 1773. " tt 7, 1774. tt tt tt 6, 1775. " a " 11, 1776. Stephen Sharp. " 17, 1777. William Thompson. " 2, 1778. Hon. Benjamin White. " 29, 1779. John Goddard. 6, 1780. Col. Thomas Aspinwall. " 5, 1781. Benj imin White. " 21, 1782. , tt " 3, 1783. John Goddard. " 8,1784. Capt William Campbell. " 7, 1785. Deacon Eiisha Gardner. " 6, 1786. John Goddard. " 19, 1787. " " " 17, 1788. Col. Thomas Aspinwall. " 16, 1789. John Goddard. " 15, 1790. Col. Thomas Aspinwall. " 14, 1791. John Goddard. " 5, 1792. a tt " 4, 1793. " n " 3, 1794. .1 a " 9, 1795. Isaac S. Gardner. " 14, 1796. Hon. William Aspinwall 6, 1797. " n tt " 12, 1798. Stept en Sharp. " 4, 1799. ,, a " 10, 1800. n a " 9, 1801. ,, ct " 1, 1802. ,, tt " 14, 1803. " a " 12, 1804. " it " 11, 1805. " a " 10, 1806. tt a " 9, 1807. " a " 14, 1808. a a " 6, 1809. " a " 12, 1810. « " " 11, 1811. " tt " 9, 1812. " a " 8, 1813. a n " 14, 1814. Isaac S. Gardner. 6, 1815. n « " 4, 1816. it « " 3, 1817. ii » " 2, 1818. It a " 1, 1819. Deacon John Robinson. " 6, 1820. tt a i " 5, 1821. tt it 1 4, 1822. n <( t " 3, 1823. « tt t " 1, 1824. a Selectmen "John GonDAHD, I of "W. Campbell, j Brookline. "The original sworn to before "Stephen Sharp, Town Clerk." sold to William Appleton, Esq., M.C., who was for merly president of the Boston branch of the United States Bank, also of the Massachusetts General Hos pital and Provident Institution of Savings, etc. Mr. Henry Upham afterwards occupied Mr. Appleton's place, and the Warren mansion has since been occu pied by George Bacon, and now by Augustus Lowell, Esq. Following the above-named Higginson were the families of Hon. Jonathan Mason, M.C., a stu dent of President John Adams, counselor-at-law, member of the State Legislature, and member of the Governor's Council, who purchased the farm of Moses White on Heath Street. Benjamin Guild, Esq., next purchased the house, and afterwards sold the same to Gen. Theodore Lyman, the well-known founder of the Farm School at Westborough, who pulled down the old house and erected the present mansion, now owned by his son, Hon. Theodore Lyman, member of Congress from this district. Next in order, and near to ihe estate of Dr. War ren, was the residence of Hon. George Cabot, M.C., who was Secretary of the Navy under Washington, afterwards president of the Boston branch of the United States Bank. He was a retired sea-captain. Stephen Higginson, Jr., succeeded Mr. Cabot in this home, who sold to Capt. Adam Babcock, afterwards purchased by the late Samuel Goddard. The land owned and occupied by John L. Gardner, Esq., was part of this estate, and was sold to Mr. Gardner by Capt. Ingersoll, a son-in-law of Capt. Babcock. Op posite to the estates of Messrs. Appleton and Warren, on Warren Street, was the old-time mansion of the late S5S HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. Col. Thomas H. Perkins, who wa« formerly president of the Boston branch of the United States Bank. member of the State Senate, active in establishing the Massachusetts General and the Insane Ho>pitals. contributing eight thousand dollars to its funds, and was a patron of the Blind Asylum, for whom it was named ; also of the Mercantile Library Association and Boston Atheuasum. Adjoining this estate, on the west, was the residence of the late Samuel Cabot, built in 1806, which gave way but a few years since to the present mansion of William Gray, another of Boston's merchants. Did our space permit we might, with equal justice, mention a long list of persons emi nent in the various walks of professional and mercantile life. Prominent among whom were John E. Thaver. Nathaniel I. Bowditch. Richard Sullivan, Samuel G. Perkins. Hon. Robert C. Winthrop. James S. Amory, Thomas C. Amory, Amos A. Lawrence, William R. Lawrence, George B. Blake, Ignatius Sargent, Wil liam Dwight, David Sears, Barthold Schelesinger, Edward C. Wilson, William I. Bowditch, William Aspinwall, Samuel Goddard, Thomas Parsons, Eben Wright. John W, Candler, and many others. While among those who have held or do now own large estates in various portions of the town may be mentioned Benjamin White, Ebenezer Francis, Amos A. Lawrence, William R. Lawrence, David Sears, Charles Stearns, Marshal Stearns, Charles H. Stearns, William Stearns, Thomas Griggs. Timothy Corey, Elijah Corey. Abijah W. Goddard. William Aspinwall, Col. Thomas Aspinwall, George Babcock, James Leeds, Ebenezer Davis, George B. Blake, Ignatius Sargent, William I. Bowditch, Moses Jones, William Dear born, and others. At a later date than the above the names of White, Griggs. Lawrence, Stearns. Goddard, Corey, Withing ton, Thayer, Davis, Sargent, Sharp, Craft, Coolidge, Sears, Perkins, Cabot, and others, appear as among the largest land-owners of the town. The Win chesters. Aspinwalls, Buckminsters. Gardners, and Whites were perhaps the largest and the oldest land owners. The earliest settlers were agriculturists. their first business being to clear the primitive forests and prepare the land for the first crops. Thev were men of great physical powers, resolution, and stability of purpose, and applied their energies of body to clear ing and improving their township, and if we may judge of the results of their efforts, they were faith ful to their calling. The nearness to the capital of the State made it the natural locality for the raising of produce of all kinds ; a great opportunity was presented to grow and increase in wealth, as well as to improve their land, and this was brought about by hard labor aud strict frugality, which lent its aid in the work. There was a ready demand for all kinds of vege tables and fruit, large and small, and this town con tributed largely to supply the want. The Town as it Is. — Of the present aspect of the town, with all the various changes since the com mencement of this century, much has been said and published, some of which are well worth uoticiug. The learned and well-knowu editor of Winthrop's Journal pronounced Brookline to be the most beauti ful village in New England. For local scenery, rich cultivated fields and gardens, and green-house pro ductions, for continually increasing costliness and taste in its public and private buildings, the praises of this town resound far and wide, and this is but the echo of the sentiments generally expressed by persons of taste and observation. On a hot summer's day many years since, a seaman's preacher, after regaling himself in a beautiful grove behind the First Church, in the course of his sermon said, •' I know not, my friends, how you can help being Christians, for you already live in paradise.'' In the summer of 1S60, when the Prince of Wales was on a visit to this country, among the many re ceptions given him was that of the city of Boston. The Prince alighted at the Cottage Farm Station in Longwood, where he was received by the city govern ment. When he arrived at the station previous to seating himself in the carriage provided for him, he took a look at the surroundings of the town, aud ex claimed in the writer's presence, '• Of all the country be had passed through, none had reminded him so much of the scenery of Old Englaud as that around here.'" A modern poet, in the •' Poet's Tribute" in 1S40 contributes the following lines : "' I have revisited thy sylvan scenes. Brookline ! in this the summer of my day. Again have reveled in thy lovely vales, And feasted vision on thy glorious hills ; As once I reveled, feasted, in the spring: Of careless, happy boyhood. And I've bowed Again within thy temple, and have heard. As though time's footfall had these years been hushed, Thy patriarch pastor's lips, like dew, distill Gentle instruction. And the same is he. As to young love and reverence he was, My cheerful friend, benevolent, and good. The same thy hills and dells, those skies the same Of rich October; such as only bend Over New England; and the same gray walls, Reared in New England's infancy, are those Which charmed imagination. Thou art fair And beautiful as ever. Fancy deems Thy sweet retreat excused the common doom BROOKLINE. P59 Caused by the fall, as if the Architect Were willing, by such specimen, to show What Eden, in its primal beauty, was." "I think that no one will dispute that Brookline was for a long time pre-eminent in the little cordon of towns which have so long constituted the exquisite environs of Boston, emboss ing it with a rich and varied margin of lawn and lake and meadow and wooded hill-side, and encircling its old ' plain neck/ as William Wood called it, in his ' New England Prospect,' with an unfading wreath of bloom and verdure. I think no one will dispute her claim .to have given the earliest celebrity to those environs for rural oulture and beauty. Visitors from other countries, or from other States, carried home with them a deeper impression of the charms of this spot and its sur roundings than of any other region in New England; and when the well-to-do Bostonian, before there were any railroads or steamers to whirl him off to Scotland or the Alps, or even to Newport, or Saratoga, or Niagara, for his summer vacation, desired to get a breath of pure air, or. a glimpse of green fields, or a scent of fresh flowers, by an afternoon's drive, the horse's head was turned first, and last, and almost all the time, towards Brookline, by the way, perhaps, of Pine Bank l and Jamaica Pond. Nature had done much, but cultivation and taste had hardly done less, in producing this result. Nowhere did Hor ticulture find earlier or more successful votaries than here. Nowhere could there be sought and found more exquisite flow ers or more delicious fruits, in season or out of season, in the open air or under glass. Nor was experimental Agriculture without its early and devoted followers here. Meantime there was an elegant and distinguished hospitality to be enjoyed in Brookline homes, then filled by men of large acquaintance and of larger hearts, to say nothing of accomplished and beau tiful women, to complete the attraction. " I do not forget that there were individual instances of the same sort of homes in Dorchester or Milton, in Roxbury or Jamaica Plain or Dedham, in Brighton or Watertown or Wal tham. Still less do I forget that almost all these places have been catching up with Brookline — perhaps outstripping her — in all these particulars ; and that both Horticulture and Agrioulture may now look elsewhere for more than one of their highest illustrations and their most conspicuous disciples. I speak of half a century sometime closed, during a part of which, certainly, Brookline enjoyed a prestige for culture and beauty, which might almost have entitled her to that appella tion of ' a Peculiar' for which her old inhabitants petitioned. " Let me not be thought too much disposed to narrow the limits either of time or space within which the special graces and attractions of the town were to be witnessed. But I have sometimes thought that there was a little circle of our territory, from which had emanated, in successive years, as many good influences and examples, in the way of philanthropy and be neficence, of kindness and hospitality, and of every refined oulture which pertains to rural enjoyment or improvement, — the oulture of the field and of the garden, of the manners and of the human heart, — as from any spot of equal circumference on any part of the globe. Within or around that little circle have lived men of wide distinction in every walk of life, some of whose names are associated with the foremost places of the State or the Nation." — Hon. Robert C. Winthrop. Longwood. — In the northeasterly portion of the town of Brookline (now thickly dotted with elegant villas and handsomely laid-out grounds, with walks 1 The residence of James Perkins. and borders of grass) was a tract of land containing three hundred and fifty acres which once belonged to the estate of John Hull, the " miut-master," and afterwards came by inheritance to Chief Justice Samuel Sewall, who married a daughter of Mr. Hull. This was well known as " Sewall's Farm." These lands embraced the territory between Aspinwall's and Sharp's land, on the south, to Pleasant Street, on the north, and from Harvard Street, on the west, to Charles River. Previous to the building of the mill-dam, in 1S21, there was no public road leading to what is now called " Longwood" and " Cottage Farm." The name of Longwood was given to this section on account of the long line of beautiful woods on the rolling ridges of land which extended from Charles River nearly to Brookline Village. In 1850 Beacon Street was built through this land, which was chiefly owned by Messrs. Lawrence and Sears. Up to that date, in order to pass through this vicinity, it was necessary to enter where is now " Cottage Farm Bridge," going towards "Hall's Pond," at the end of Essex Street; then, taking down some bars, one could ride or drive over the cart-paths, which ran very much in the same direction as the roads do now, to the Aspinwall house, near St. Paul's Episcopal Church. The Sears land lies west of the Cottage Farm, and is beautifully situ ated and laid out. When the mill-dam was completed, several enterprising merchants of Boston, thinking that land in Brookline would be greatly enhanced in value, bought farms adjacent to the. new avenue in Brookline and Roxbury containing about five hundred acres. Prominent among these purchasers were the Thorndikes, David Sears, and Ebenezer Francis, but, as the new thoroughfare was a toll turnpike, there was not that demand for land that there was in many other places. About thirty years since one of the owners, David Sears, began to improve his lands by laying out streets, setting out trees, and building houses on both sides of the river. In 1820, Ebenezer Francis purchased two farms which had previously belonged to the Sewall estate. One contained about sixty acres, known as " Cottage Farm," the other was designated " Maplewood Farm." " Cottage Farm" was purchased by Messrs. Amos A. Lawrence, Esq., and Dr. William R. Lawrence in 1850, who erected residences on the same, which they now occupy. The name of " Cottage" as applied to the farm above was derived from the fact that the estate now owned by Dr. William R. Lawrence had on it the " Sewall" house. It was a small old-fashioned gambrel-roof structure, built about 1689. It was torn down, to- oether with two barns, to make room for a modern 860 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. residence, in 1851. The ground from this farm to Brookline Village was mostly in grass. There are several historical associations connected with this part of the town. At Cottage Farm Sta tion, in the Revolution, was a very extensive fort, known as Sewall's Fort, which commanded Charles River. Col. Thomas Aspinwall was the commander of the fort. This was nearly quadrangular, and was stronger than many of the other forts of the Ameri can army, having six guns, and had accommodations for more troops than most any other during the siege of Boston. Col. Thomas Aspinwall had the com mand of the Sewall Fort during the Revolution. The building of the mill-dam, and afterwards the cut ting through for the Boston and Albany Railroad, nearly destroyed these works, though a portion re mained till 1852. Col. Prescott's headquarters were at the Walcott house, now occupied by Charles H. Stearns. Walcott took sides with the colonies, while the Sewalls did not. On the south side of Muddy River, near St. Mary's Street, was a three-gun battery, one of a line of bat teries surrounding Boston in the siege. It was on the land now owned and occupied by Amos A. Law rence, Esq., and where that elegant grove of trees now stand, that Col. Prescott's regiment had its headquar ters, also a Rhode Island regiment, after the battle of Bunker Hill. Here they remained until the evacuation of Boston by the British, about nine months afterwards. On the land of Mr. Lawrence, when he purchased his estate, were the ovens used by the occupants of Sewall's Fort, which were long since removed. The well which supplied the army with water is at the entrance of the drive-way, on Dearborn's lumber wharf. This and the other objects of Revolutionary interest were pointed out to the late Judge William Prescott (the father of William H. Prescott, the historian), by his father, the colonel, not many years after the war ; and later, when Mr. Ebenezer Francis owned these farms, Judge Prescott went with him and pointed out these localities, and Mr. Francis (whose father was the first general officer killed in the Revolu tionary war) took such an interest in these things that he went over the ground with Mr. Amos A. Lawrence, after he had sold the land to him and his brother in 1850. On the grounds of Amos A. Lawrence stands an old and very large pear-tree, the date (1689) of which is inferred from the fact that it bears the button-pear which is mentioned by Judge Sewall in his diary as having been planted in his garden in Boston ; besides, it bears evidence of great age. There were two of these trees in 1850, one of which was destroyed by a gale about twenty years later. The Boylston Place. — One of the most interesting spots in Brookline is the Boylston place. On it stands a large, old-fashioned wooden house on Boylston Street,1 opposite the westerly end of the reservoir, now owned by Henry Lee, Esq., which was known for many years as the old " Boylston" house, after wards, for many years, as the " Hyslop" place. It is one of the most interesting historical places in the town. Thomas Boylston came to this country from Eng land, and settled in Watertown in 1635. His son Thomas, born in that town in 1644, became a sur geon. He took an active part in the Narragansett war. He married Mary Gardner, of Muddy River, in 1665, and settled upon the place which we are de scribing, and from that time forward the Boylstons were identified with Brookline. There were twelve children of this marriage. His son Peter inherited the homestead. One of the daughters (Susanna) married John Adams, of Braintree, and was the mother of John Adams, second President of the United States. The second child of Dr. Thomas Boylston was the eminent Dr. Zabdiel Boylston, born in 1680, who acquired wide celebrity, and at first a most unenviable one, by the introduction of inocula tion for the smallpox. His memoir has been written, and is full of interest. The smallpox was making fearful ravages in Boston in 1721, when the Rev. Cotton Mather communicated to Dr. Boylston an account of the transactions of the. Royal Society re specting inoculation as practiced in Turkey. Instead of allowing the disease to be taken in its natural way, the chances being that more than one-sixth of the patients would die, the matter was forestalled by pre paring the system for it by medical treatment, and then scarifying the skin and applying the virus under a nutshell. Under inoculation it was seldom that a patient lost his life. The practice was not even be gun in England when Cotton Mather suggested it to Dr. Boylston for experiment. He introduced the subject to the attention of other physicians in Boston and vicinity, and was met with violent opposition ; the medical men, both in this country and in England, taking the ground that it was a crime, which came under the classification of poisoning, while the clergy preached against it, and wrote pamphlets, arguing that the smallpox was a judgment from God for the sins of the people, and that to try to check its sway would only "provoke him the more." 1 This street was named in honor of the Boylston family. BlllIII!llUllllll!llullllHllllUll!l!MllUlllllllllllllllill!!l!lll! iiiiiiiiii!iuiiiiiiii!iiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiniiiiiiii!iiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiuinnHiiiuini||||, imnipmiimiiiiiiminfflliiliraiiliiiiiliiiililiiiiili BROOKLINE. 861 A sermon was preached by a Rev. Mr. Massey, in 1722, against " The Dangerous and Sinful Practice of Inoculation," from the text, " So Satan went forth from the presence of the Lord and smote Job with sore boils from the sole of his foot until his crown," from whence he argued that the Devil ivas the first inoculator and Job his first patient. Some fifty years afterwards an epigram appeared in the Monthly Mis cellany on this sage opinion of the Rev. Mr. Massey, as follows : " We're told by one of the black robe The Devil inoculated Job : Suppose 'tis true, what he does tell, Pray neighbors, did not Job do well t" The inhabitants of Boston and vicinity became so excited that men patroled the streets with halters in search of the doctor, threatening to hang him to the nearest tree. The doctor was secreted fourteen days in his own house in a hiding-place known only to his wife. During this time the house was repeatedly searched for him by day and by night without suc cess. One evening a hand-grenade was dashed through the parlor window where his wife and children were sitting. Fortunately, the fuse was knocked off against a piece of furniture and the family escaped death. The doctor could only visit his patients in the night and in disguise. Yet notwithstanding all this violence he was brave enough to persevere with his experi ments, being sanguine of success. He inoculated his own child and two servants, and though they all had the disease mildly and recovered, the authorities of Boston summoned him before them to answer for his practice. He underwent repeated examinations, and received insults and threats. During the year, how ever, he inoculated two hundred and eighty-six per sons of all ages, from infancy to old age, of whom only six died, while of five thousand seven hundred and fifty-nine who took it in the natural way during the same period, eight hundred and forty-four died. The success of the practice was established, but the opposition did not cease. During this time the doctor was in correspondence with the court physician in England, Sir Hans Sloane, and was invited to visit London. This invitation he accepted, and on his arrival he was treated with great attention and was made a " Fellow of the Royal Society," the first American thus honored. He remained in England a year and a half and then returned. As he grew somewhat infirm with years, he retired from his profession, which had kept him much in Boston, and devoted himself to his farm in Brookline, which he bought of his brother Peter, and on which he built the present house. He was greatly interested and very successful in improving the breed of vari ous domestic animals, especially horses, for which his farm became celebrated. He often broke the animals himself, being a fine horseman. His biographer speaks of him as having been seen in Boston, after he was eighty-four years of age, riding a fine colt he was breaking. He lived to see inoculation universally practiced. This custom prevailed till it was super seded by vaccination as practiced by Dr. Waterhouse in Cambridge, and Dr. Aspinwall in Brookline. He died at the age of eighty-seven, and was buried in Brookline Cemetery. His epitaph is said to be a just and appropriate one : " Sacred to the memory of Zabdiel Boylston, Esq., and F.R.S., who first introduced the practice of in oculation into America. Through a life of extensive ' benevolence, he was always faithful to his word, just in his dealings, affable in his manners, and after a long sickness, in which he was exemplary for his pa tience and resignation to his Maker, he quitted this mortal life in a just expectation of a happy immor tality, March 1st, 1766." It is said that Dr. Boylston in his will bequeathed his house and farm to the town as a home for the poor on certain conditions, to which one of his rela tives was expected to accede, but this not being com plied with, the town missed the donation. From Dudley Boylston, a brother of the doctor, who married Susanna Gardner, descended the first wife of the late Deacon Joshua C. Clark. Her daugh ters are the last of this old family in Brookline. From Thomas, another brother, descended Thomas, who died in London, a wealthy merchant, who made bequests to the city of Boston. His sister, Mary, mar ried a Hallowell. One of her sons became an admiral (Sir Benjamin Hallowell) of the British navy. An other of her sons, preferring the family name of his mother to that of his father, changed his name to Ward Nicholas Boylston. He became a merchant of London, acquired great wealth, and was distinguished for his liberality. He returned to his native place and lived for several years in Roxbury, and afterwards in Princeton. He gave large bequests to many charitable enter prises, and munificent donations to Harvard College and the Boylston Medical Society and Library. Thomas Boylston, the son of another brother, set tled in School Street, Boston, and was identified with Brattle Street Church. He endowed a professorship at Harvard College. He dictated his executors to purchase the homestead of his ancestors in Brookline and convey the same to the First Church in this town, on condition that the church officers would allow his Su'j HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. nephew, Joshua Boylston, to live upon the place, for which he should pay a rent of ten pounds annually to the church. The estate was to be entailed in the male line from this heir in the same way from gener ation to generation, and failing the heir who should have the right to live upon it, it should go to the church. But the property was in the hands of Mr. William Hyslop, who had bought it of the doctor's heirs, and the Brookline Church never received the intended bequest, neither did Joshua Boylston ever have a male heir, and with him the family name became extinct in Brookline. Mr. William Hyslop, the purchaser of the Boylston house, was a native of Scotland. He came to this country in his youth, and began business as a peddler of dry goods, which he carried from house to house in a pack upon his back. He was very successful in this humble beginning, and having invested money in goods at a fortunate time and way, he was able to enter the dry-goods trade still more extensively, and became very wealthy. He had a son of the same name, the one mentioned as having lived for some years in the house now occu pied by Mr. Chapin, a son David, and one daughter, Elizabeth, who became the wife of Governor Increase Sumner. There was a Scotch Presbyterian clergyman with whom Mr. Hyslop was acquainted in the old country, who emigrated to Massachusetts with twenty or more of his parishioners, and settled in Worcester. His name was Abercrombie. After a residence for some time in Worcester, Mr. Abercrombie removed with his people to a more congenial situation on the Pel- ham hills. When this good man could number eleven " olive plants round about his table," he was suddenly left a widower. The youngest had been named Me hitable, for Mrs. Hyslop, and when the little girl was six years of age Mr. Hyslop adopted her as his own, and she remained in his family till her marriage. Mr. Hyslop's business called him occasionally to Europe, and on his return at one time he brought with him a slab, or pier table, which was supported by a pair of large spread-eagles, the claws of which each clasped a round ball. It was placed between the parlor win dows. This was a highly ornamental piece of furni ture for those days, and as such was much admired and prized. When the Revolutionary war broke out, Mr. Hyslop was in Europe, and the contingencies of the war were such that he could not return till it was over without imperiling his life. While the British troops occupied Boston a great alarm was one day created in the upper part of Brookline by a man, who rode up the old road furiously on horseback, telling all whom he met that the British troops were at the church green. This was at the green in front of the church on Roxbury Hill, but the people of the upper part of this town naturally enough supposed that the Brookline church green was meant, and great was the terror that ensued. The first impulse was to flee for safety, the second to carry off something valuable, but like distracted people at a fire, who throw mirrors out of the windows and carry mattresses carefully down stairs, they seized upon anything but what the British would have taken had they come. The table with the spread-eagles was hurriedly wrenched from the wall and laboriously carried up into the woods, which then covered the whole hill back of the house, and there buried by the servants. The little adopted daughter was not to be outdone by the rest of the family, and she secured a new pair of red bellows which hung beside the fireplace, and never let them go during the flight and the temporary ab sence. Colonial troops were afterwards quartered in the house, and the family took refuge in Medfield from the fortunes of war. When a return was safe and the buried eagles were dug up for restoration to their proper place, one was broken. It was mended and the table replaced, being fastened to the wall with nails instead of screws, thus making the thing legally a part of the house, and not a movable article. Not many years ago the eagles were claimed by Governor Sumner's descendants as a part of their inheritance, but it was shown that they were a part of the house, and the demand was not allowed. They remained there at the last accounts, and are an appropriate adornment for the ancient and curious house. Mr. Hyslop returned after the war was over, and died in 1796, aged eighty-five years. His son David inherited the homestead. This singular man is well remembered by many persons now living. He was lame, of uncouth figure, and such excessive homeliness of countenance as is seldom seen, amounting almost to hideousness. He also had an impediment in his speech, or rather never learned to speak plainly, always articulating his words like a little child, and the order of his mind being below the average, he never acquired much education. But he inherited great wealth, and this consideration in the eyes of many counterbalanced all his defects. "0 what a world of vile, ill-favored faults Look handsome in three hundred pounds a year." He found a wife notwithstanding his personal pe culiarities, was left a widower, and when quite ad vanced in years married a lovely young girl of great personal beauty, who was sacrificed to her father's BROOKLINE. 863 ambition for wealth. Mr. Hyslop was not a bad man, however, but his singularities were a source of annoy ance or amusement to all with whom he had any deal ings. He had a strange aversion to music of all kinds, and especially to the instruments used at church and the anthems so much practiced in those times, and which he always called " tantrums." He would not attend church on Thanksgiving-days, on account of the " tantrums'' which formed a prominent part of the service. Soon after the old gentleman brought his young bride to Brookline a bassoon was added to the orchestra at church by Capt. Robert Davis, who played well. Mrs. Hyslop lingered one Sunday after service to hear the choir practice a little, while her husband went out for his horse. As soon as he was ready, however, he made his appearance at the church door, and beckoning to his wife, he called out loudly in his broken speech, " Jane ! tome ! tome along ! Don't 'tay there to hear the bagpipe." It was his custom to make a long prayer every morning before breakfast, at which every member of the household was requested to be present. He always prayed with his eyes open, and the consequence was that material things and spiritual were apt to get de cidedly mixed. On one occasion, while thus praying, he happened to see through the open door into the kitchen a monkey which he kept making free with the sausages which had been set frying before the morning worship began. Pausing in the prayer, be interpolated a direction to " Hetty" tha.t the sausages should be protected, and went on with his prayer without tho slightest perception of anything ludicrous in the situa tion. His remark must have had a peculiar effect on those who had not observed the performance in the kitchen. In the third story of the house at the southwesterly corner was a small room, which was dark and only ac cessible through another room, and not easily noticed. (Perhaps this was where Dr. Boylston was secreted from his enemies.) This room Mr. Hyslop called his " iron 'tudy," and it was the only study he ever made use of. In this he hoarded up all the old iron he could collect on the premises, and quantities of other things useful and useless. The key he always carried with him. Ar ticles of daily domestic use would disappear. In quiries and search would be of no avail. After weeks or months perhaps, the proposal often before made, that he should look in his " iron 'tudy" for the miss ing article, would result in the restoration of it, as composedly returned as if no inconvenience had arisen from its absence. Anything on the place, from a silver spoon to a bread-trough, a rake or a baiter, would be liable to spend a season in the '• iron 'tudy." His peculiar ideas were also evinced in the management of his fruit.- The place abounded in choice fruit, especially peaches, plums, and cherries. These he could not use, would not sell, and did not give away. Bushels upon bushels of the finest fruit lay and perished under the trees every year. There were two daughters and one son by this mar riage, and both the former died in childhood. The son, who was a fine lad, lived till within a few days of his twenty-first birthday. While John Adams was President of the United States he came to Brookline, and was the guest of Hon. Jonathan Mason, who lived on what is now Col. Lyman's place. While there he spoke of the last time he had passed along that road as riding on horse back carrying bis mother on a pillion behind him. He never lost his interest in this home of his an cestors, and in 1821, when he was very aged and so infirm that he was unable to walk without assistance, he expressed a wish to visit once more the old place where his mother was born, and where his grand parents had lived and died. Accordingly, Mr. Hyslop juade a dinner-party, and invited the venerable ex-President, Governor Brooks, Gen. Sumner, and other distinguished guests. It was a grand affair, and passed off with great 'eclat, but there was something pathetic in the sight of the almost helpless old man, supported by his graudson, going feebly about the place and taking a last look of scenes once so familiar to his boyhood. The following letter from the elder John Adams, President of the United States, to his cousin gives a fine description of the surroundings of the old mansion on the occasion of his visit : "Montezillo, September 16th, 1820. " My dear cousin Boylston : " 0 that I had the talent at description of a Homer, a Milton, or a Walter Scott. I would give you a picture of all that I have visited, with more pleasure than I should Mount Irea or Monte- cello. " Mr. David Hyslop has been importuning me for seven years to dine with him in Brookline. I have always declined till last Wednesday ; when taking my grandson George Washington Ad ams, for my guide and aide de camp, I went to visit the original habitation of the Boylstons — where my mother was born, and where she carried me frequently in my infancy, and where I used to sport among the fine cherrys and Peaches and Plums and Pears as well as among the flowers and roses on that fertile spot or "-arden. It is more than seventy years since I set my feet upon that hill. Indeed my mother seemed to have an aversion to visitino- or thinking of it after her father sold it to his brother Dr. Zebdial Boylston, and removed into Boston. There are ancient trees Elms and Button-woods some of which I seem to remember ; but I have inherited the feelings of my mother. 864 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. The weather was very fine and I know not that I ever passed a pleasanter day; I ascended the Hill which is exuberantly fertile to the very top where there is a handsome summer house to the roof of which I mounted where are convenient seats and suffi cient railing from whence your Wachusett is plainly seen ; and even your own mansion House was visible through a prospect glass, at least George imagined he descried it. On that eleva tion my imagination was exalted almost to ex-tasy, a prospect nearly as vast as that from Wachusett opened all around me. Land and sea conspired together to produce an assemblage of beauties. The grand city of Boston and the Town of Charles town ; The Castle the Islands, the Rivers the Ponds of Water, the Orchards and the Groves were scattered in such profusion over this great scene that I was lost in admiration of its variety. And to add to its sublimity in my estimation Whites Hill was full in view, the seat of my Great Grandfather and the Birth place of my Grandmother ; All these lands have passed into the hands of other families and other names. I said to Mr. Hyslop, ' If I was worth money enough on the face of the whole earth I would buy it of you.' Your uncle Nicholas was well born, he had a soul Men ne'e, but Thomas had not; otherwise he would certainly have purchased it and given it to you. We bad a very agreeable Company at dinner ; very good cheer and very pleas ant sociability. But there I took my final farewell of Boylston and Whites Hill. My Grandfather and Grandmother were de sirous that my Father should purchase it when it was sold to Dr. Boylston, and my mother was very desirous that he would. But my Father was a very cautious man — had a great aversion to being in debt, and although my Grandfather was willing to take his bond for the purchase, and wanted only the interest of the money, my Father was afraid he should not be able to ac complish and fulfil so large an engagement. And now I fear the estate has departed from the name and the blood forever, unless you will purchase it, and give it to your son or grandson. " Thus much for family vanity and family mortification — Now for Politics and Legislation. I hope you will attend the Convention and come up to Montezillo and talk with me and I with you about Plato and Solon and Lycurgus. I shall rejoice to see the name of Boylston among the members of that Con vention, as that alone will be sufficient to preserve it. " George who bears his honours meekly, is now humbly employed in writing this letter for " Your affectionate Cousin, (Signed) "John Adams." Mr. Hyslop died in 1822 at the age of sixty- seven, and thus ended the Hyslop name. His widow married again, her second husband being Mr. John Hayden. There were no children. She survived her husband, and at her death the Hyslop wealth, which comprised much real estate in Roxbury and Chelsea, as well as the place in Brookline, went to the heirs of Elizabeth Hyslop, and by them the homestead was sold to Henry Lee, Esq. War of 1812. — During the war of 1812, or the second war with Great Britain, Brookline did her part in furnishing her proportion of men for active service. A company was sent from this town, of which the following is a muster-roll : Mens names who were detached, Sept. 18, 1814, by order of Col Joseph Dudley, for the defence of the State. Lieutenant, Bobert S. Davis; Ensign, Thomas Griggs; Ser geant, Daniel Pierce ; Filer, Thomas Chubbuck. Privates. David Smith. John Graves. Thomas Farnsworth. George Morse. Charles Stearns, Jr. Samuel Townsend. Joshua Loring. Jonathan S. Ayres. Joseph Goddard. Samuel Williams. James Holden. Amasa Jackson. James Whidney. William Otis. Edwa.rd Hall. John Warren. Artemas Fairbanks. Joseph Whitney. Charles Leavitt. John Vose. Nathaniel Talbot. David Colby. William Atwood. Eli Hunter. William M. Tennant. George Richardson. This company was located at Fort Independence. Timothy Corey was captain of this company. There was but little to do except guard duty, and nothing of special interest to mention in connection with their duties. There were others enlisted in the gov ernment service at this time from this town of which we have no data. There is one, however, worthy of special notice, who did valiant service at Lake Erie and lost an arm. The particulars can be better de scribed in the following letter, showing the patriotism of our late esteemed fellow-townsman, Col. Thomas Aspinwall : " Williamsville, N. Y., " 11 miles from Br/FF°, "Oct. 1, 18U. "My Dear Father, — " You must excuse my silence since I have been on this fron tier. I arrived the last of July, and immediately repaired to Fort Erie, and assumed the command of Gen1 Scott's brigade, which I continued to command until a few weeks since, when Gen1 Miller was placed in command of it. I superintended its operations on the 15 Aug., when the fort was stormed, and had the pleasure of seeing the whole of it perform its duty most gallantly, and essentially contribute to the glorious result of that contest, which, with a loss of about 80 in killed, wounded, and missing on our part, diminished the force of the enemy about 1300 men. Such was the oonsequence of their madness in presuming on our ignorance of the art of war. From the 5th of August our Camp was bombarded and cannonaded inces santly. On the 13th k 14th they threw about 800 or 1000 shot and shells upon us each day, and, having succeeded in ex ploding a small and almost empty magazine, on the evening of the 14u> were induced to attack in four columns next morning at 2. The night was wet and dark, and the soil, being of clay, made it difficult for us to keep up to our new works. Three of their columns only came near us, and two of those were engaged by my brigade and the artillery of the adjacent works. This cannonade and bombardment was continued until the 17 Sept., so as to keep us all continually employed in labor. We were also harassed by continued alarms at night, so that for six weeks I seldom got more than 3 or four hours' daily repose, and never undressed or, even pulled off my boots except to wash my self and change my clothes. My tent was often struck by frag ments of shells and by musket-balls from their shrapnells, and the tents almost in a range with mine and their batteries often perforated by cannon-balls, that I thought myself preserved only by a special protection. I had during this period hardly time to write a line to Louisa, and, had her health been firm, I BROOKLINE. 865 should not have done that. The enemy continued to receive reinforcements, and to strengthen and multiply their batteries, until they had four ready to play on us. The Gen1 had learned that their defences were open on their right flank, although they supposed a swampy, perplexed wood was a sure protection against us on that flank. He caused to be cut thro' part of the wood a road communicating with an old concealed overgrown cross road leading toward the right and rear of their batteries. He had ascertained that their main camp was two miles back, and the path from it narrow, obstructed, and muddy, so that they could not send in season to support the light brigade of 1500, that was stationed at the batteries, in case it was sud denly attaoked. About 1500 of our militia, with the riflemen, volunteers, and 23 Reg*, were in the forenoon of the 17th cau tiously pushed on through the new road, and Miller's brigade (late Scott's), of which my Reg' composed the van, was, unpei'- ceived by the enemy, introduced into a deep revine between the fort and the front of their lines, ready to storm their batteries the moment the signal announced our troops to have gained their rear. The Gen1 at last, just as a heavy shower of rain had ceased, ordered us to march. We started immediately, and passed through the wood, driving in their sharp shooters, sen tries, and guards, until I had arrived within 20 paces of their breastworks, where, as I was passing along the front of the first platoon to give it a concerted direction to the right, I re ceived a musket-shot above the elbow of the left arm, which completely carried away about an inch and a half of the bone. I, of course, had no further part in the active duty of that day, which terminated in our complete success, except as to one of their four batteries. Their cannon, mortars, and howitzers were spiked, the carriages out to pieces, their large magazine, containing upward of a 1000 24-lb. cartridges and several bar rels of powder, destroyed entirely, excepting 500 cartridges let off. They lost, according to the repeated accounts of several of their soldiers, who deserted at different periods since the action, 1182 men, of whom we have 385, including 12 officers, 2 of whom are majors, and should have had upwards of 500 had not sev eral bodies of prisoners been entrusted to militia officers, who followed, contrary to express directions, the only route they knew,— the circuitous new road by which they came, — and were taken with their prisoners by the enemy. The surprise would have been complete had not a drunken Lieut., late of the regu lar army, with a body of militia, raised an Indian yell three minutes before he got in sight of the enemy. This gave them notice to prepare, and corrected their mistake in supposing our men, whom they had partially seen, to be the English coming to relieve them in the tour of duties at the batteries. The con flict was the hardest, and the fight, during the time it lasted, the most furious and desperate, that has occurred this war. The soldiers climbed, guns in hand, over the tops of the block-houses, bayonctting all that opposed them, and rushed in half platoons into redoubts defended by companies. Two soldiers attacked a block-house, which, to their surprise, they found defended by a german major and his party. The Major's party rose, ordered them to surrender, and the Major told a soldier to take them to the rear, to which at that moment he turned his head, and dis covered there an advancing party of our men. 'Gentlemen,' said he, in broken English, to the two soldiers, ' I surrender. Your are at libertee, A I am your prisoner,' and with tbe great est good humor gave up bis sword, and ordered his party to lay down their arms. So much terrified and astonished at our boldness were the English that it is reported by deserters that Gen1 De Wattevillo exclaimed to Gen1 Drummond that they were surrounded and must surrender. In two days after the battle not an Englishman was near us. They raised the siege, and precipitately decamped in the night, just at our tatoo. We 55 sent out some parties to harass them, and compelled them to burn a magazine of stores some distance down the Niagara river, and have since taken a dragoon picquet of 8 or 10 men. "I shall be able to begin to travel home slowly in about 10 days, and shall, with the blessing of God, soon see you all. After being wounded I walked back to my tent, and in about an hour had only one arm, a circumstance which does not af flict me, my dear father, and must not you. But let us both thank God that he has so formed us that you have lived almost all your life happy k respectable, notwithstanding the loss of an eye, and I may spend the remainder of my life in the same manner with the loss of a limb, of all the most conveniently spared. I have been so blest hitherto that it would be the deepest sin to murmur against this dispensation of Providence. My bodily pain has been what you have always known to be usual in such cases, and no more. The Dr. Lovell says it will make >¦• very good stump. Give my love, my dear father, to all my friends, brothers and sisters, and believe me still your affectionate son, Thomas. "I write with some difficulty because the paper moves under my pen, as I have no left hand to steady it." "Punch Bowl" Tavern. — The changes in the appearance of our town, especially in the thickly set tled portions of it, have been so great within a few years past as almost to perplex former residents who return to it, and as many inhabitants now living here can remember still greater changes, it has been sug gested that some description of the town in the earlier part of the present century, and some account of the progress of its subsequent changes, might be interest ing to many of the present residents. On the 26th of the Eighth month, 1640, a bridge was ordered to be built at Muddy River. " Mr. Col- bourne, our brother Eliott, and our brother Peter Oliver were appointed to See the Same donne." This was probably the first highway leading into this sec tion of country and the first road to Boston. From that time to the time of building the mill-dam the present Washington Street was the only road to Bos ton in this direction, the heavy teaming from the country towns west of us came through Brookline. There was an immense amount of travel of this kind, as there were no railroads then in existence, and thus the ancient " Punch Bowl" Tavern was a necessity of the times ; here all the teams stopped for "refreshment for man and beast," and this old building as a nucleus gathered around itself the village which took its name. Even to this day this place is remembered by old men in New Hampshire, Vermont, and the back towns of this State as " the Punch Bowl Village." The original house, built long before the war of the Revolution, was a two-story hipped-roof house, to which, as increasing patronage made it necessary, the proprietor made additions from time to time, by piir- chasino- old houses in Boston and vicinity and remov- ino- them hither. The result was in the aggregate a 866 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. curious medley of old rooms of all sorts and sizes, con nected together in a nondescript manner, and present ing an architectural style which, if we might apply a geological term to it. we should call a conglomerate. This old tavern and its outbuildings occupied all- the space on the street, from the brick blacksmith- shop near the corner of Pearl Street to the provision- store of Brown Brothers. It was of a yellowish color, and had a seat running along the front under an over hanging porch, or rather projection of a part of the second story, where loungers congregated to discuss the news of the day. In front of it and near each end was a large elm-tree ; under the westerly one stood a pump. This tree and pump remained until within a few years, the other was long ago destroyed. The ancient sign, suspended from a high, red post, gave a name to the tavern and the village, and swung its hos pitable invitation creaking in the wind for probably nearly a hundred years. The design was a huge bowl and ladle overhung by a lemon-tree, resplendent with fruit, some of which lay around the bowl, as if fallen from the tree. Here the selectmen of the town used to have an annual supper, and on one of these occasions the old building came near being destroyed by fire. They had sat round the table smoking, after the repast, and probably dropped fire upon the table-cloth, which was gathered up and thrust into a closet by a servant. Soon after retiring the family were wakened by the smell of smoke, and flames arising from the closet burst through to the chamber overhead, where the landlord's children slept. The frightened children rushed out in their night-clothes to the neighbors' houses ; the night was bitterly cold, and the ground covered with ice, and but for the landlord's prompt ness and presence of mind the whole establishment would have been speedily reduced to ashes. Without stopping to put on a single garment, just as he sprang from his bed, he gave the alarm and seized a bucket of swill, which he dashed upon the burning mass in the closet, closed the doors carefully after him, and brought water from the pump, directed the labor of others who came with their buckets, and put the fire out and saved the building, though the flames actually reached the attic. There was at that time an engine !n the village, kept in a house which stood in what was the front yard of the Oliver Whyte estate. It was owned by Brookline and Roxbury in common, as the south side of the street from Village Lane to the creek below Pond Avenue was then a part of Roxbury. The extent of the patronage of the old " Punch Bowl" may be roughly estimated from the fact that it was common for a row of teams to occupy the side of the street above and below the tavern, from what is now Harrison place, to the gas-works, in a continuous line while the men and horses were being fed and rested. The mill-dam, the bridges, and the opening of the Worcester Railroad at last took all the business away from the old " Punch Bowl." It was bought by Mr. Isaac Thayer about 1830 and torn down. Much of the material was of solid oak, and was used in build ing nine houses which he erected on the site of the old buildings. The old house owned by the Gas Company, situated on the corner of Brookline Avenue and Washington Street, where the Gas Company's office now stands, was kept as a tavern for several years with the sign of the "Punch Bowl," but it had littie except local patronage, and that of the lowest sort, and was finally given up. Police Court. — Under the old law, previous to 1857, justices of the peace had jurisdiction of crim inal cases. About that time there was a law for the designation of a certain number of persons out of the justices of each county as trial justices for the trial of criminal cases. As justices of the peace, William Aspinwall and Artemas Newell were the principal ones. Those who have held the appointment of trial justices were Wil liam Aspinwall, Edwin Grover, Charles E. Abbott, William B. Towne, Bradford Kingman, and Charles H. Drew. In May, 1882, the General Court authorized a Police Court to be established in Brookline, for civil and criminal business. The first court held was in a room at the police station. Soon after this the county of Norfolk fitted apartments for the use of the court, consisting of a commodious court-room and a room for the justices, containing a library, and having con nection with the police department, so that the facil ities of doing business are now as complete as any to be found in the county. The new apartments were used for the first time Sept. 1, 1882. The justices are Charles H.Drew, justice ; Charles F. Perkins and Albert L. Lincoln, special justices • appointed in May, 1882. Masonic.— Beth-Horan Lodge of Free and Ac cepted Masons. Although many brethren of the Masonic order affiliated with the lodges in Boston and Roxbury, and were residents of Brookline pre vious to 1870, it was not till that year that a lodge was established here. The following persons peti tioned for a charter : William Aspinwall, George F. Homer, Benjamin F. Baker, James W. Edgerly, R. G. F. Candage, Benjamin B. Davis, Charles K. Kirby, Nathaniel C. Towle, George M. Towle, Charles BROOKLINE. 867 0. Foster, Cyrus W. Ruggles, William K. Melcher, Charles H. Drew, John WT. Candler, Charles W. Cot- ting, and George J. Fisher. The first Master was George F. Homer. The name of the lodge was adopted in commemoration of the cities of Beth- Horan rebuilt by King Solomon. The first lodge- room was in Lyceum Hall building, but after a few years that was found inadequate, and the lodge fitted up commodious apartments in the brick block at the corner of Harvard and School Streets, which it still occupies. This lodge is in a prosperous condition, and its Masters have been as follows : George F. Homer, Benjamin F. Baker, James W. Edgerly, R. G. F. Candage, John Emory Hoar, and Dr. Thomas W. Clement. The Grand Army of the Republic have an or ganization in this town under the name of Charles L. Chandler ' Post, No. 143. The post was organized, the date of the charter was Jan. 24, 1871. The fol lowing are the charter members : George P. Richard son, Milton J. Stone, James Sinclair, Willard Y. Gross, George W. Funk, Leo Bertsch, Bradford P. Cook, Arthur Kemp, John McAndrews, Francis H. Mcintosh, John P. Loftus, Horace N. Fisher, Wil liam Bowes, W. W. O'Connell, Fergus B. Turner, Samuel D. Edwards. Royal Arcanum. — Sagamore Council, No. 181, was organized in Brookline, Mass., Oct. 19, 1878. Charter members, — R. G. F. Candage, Benjamin F. Baker, David B. Van Slyck, M.D., Thomas T. Rob inson, George E. Everett, T. W. Clements, James W. Edgerly, Charles A. Bowditch, Jos. G. Stearns, A. G. Sanborn, David Bentley, George F. Brown, Ira B. Cushing, M.D., George W. Stearns, Fergus B. Turner, Francis H. Bacon, Charles B. Farnum, J. H. Boody, William S. Cutter. Knights of Honor. — Brookline Lodge, No. 459, instituted Feb. 8, 1877. Charter members, — C. H. Hackett, R. K. Sawyer, W. S. Brown, James Harri son, R. D. Mills, E. S. Milliken, G. T. Defrees, A. E. James, E. W. Packard, W. M. Bellows, Solomon Burt, W. H. M. Bellows. The officers for 1884 are as fol lows : P. D., J. H. Allen ; D., M. F. Kenrick ; V. D., J. F. Hutchins ; A. D., C. H. Wilson ; Chapl., W. M. Bellows; Rep., E. W. Packard; Fin. Rep., A. E. Kenrick ; Treas., E. N. Gutterson ; G., A. E. James ; Guard, E. G. Brooks; Sent., L. S. Lyon. American Legion of Honor. — Corey Hill Coun cil, No. 33. Charter members, — Levi Doran, Alfred Kenrick, Jr., William S. Brown, Alfred B. Tyrell, J. H. Boody, George L. Newcomb, A. McCullough, 1 This post was named in honor of one of Brookline's earliest patriots in the Rebellion of 1861. Andrew Noland, Thomas T. Robinson, F. M. Bond, Charles E. Rogers, E. W. Packard, A. G. Sanborn, E. N. Gutterson, C. W. Morse, and David B. Van Slyck. Sons of Temperance. — Pierce Division, No. 86. Instituted March 27, 1861 ; charter surrendered in 1884. Brookline Savings-Bank (incorporated Feb. 24, 1871). — The first regular meeting of this institu tion was held on the 20th of April, 1871, for organ ization. Amos A. Lawrence, president ; Charles U. Cotting, Alanson W. Beard, and Edward Atkinson, vice-presidents; William A. Wellman, George F. Fabyan, Alfred Kenrick, Jr., Martin Kingman, Austin W. Benton, Charles H. Stearns, Phillip Duffy, Wil liam I. Bowditch, Charles D. Head, John W. Cand ler, Moses Williams, Jr., trustees. The business commenced in the building owned by John Gibbs, corner of Washington and School Streets. It is now in " Colonnade Block," on Washington Street. The present officers are William H. Lincoln, president; William E. Lincoln, secretary and treasurer. The Press of Brookline. — -Bradford Kingman was the pioneer in the newspaper enterprise in Brook line. His paper was entitled the Brookline Tran script. The first number was dated Oct. 15, 1870, and ended with May 31, 1873. The file of this paper contains a great number of historical articles, under the titles of " Recollections of Brookline," " Historical Sketches," and " Brookline as it was." Those under the last title numbered nearly one hun dred, which were the basis of a work afterwards pub lished in a volume and sold by subscription entitled " Historical Sketches of Brookline." The next attempt to sustain a paper was July 4, 1873, when the Independent was started. This was published by a club having a special object, and run but a short time. Dr. N. C. Towle was a manager. The Brookline Chronicle commenced May 9, 1874, by W. H. Hutcheson. Wing & Arthur purchased the same July 10, 1875. Arthur sold to Murray M. Wing, Nov. 4, 1876. Wing sold to Charles M. Vin cent, Jan. 27, 1877. Feb. 1, 1878, Alexander S. Arthur purchased the paper, and published it till July 1,1879, when Charles A. W.Spencer became a partner, under thefirm-name of Arthur & Spencer, who continued together until May 14 1881, when Mr. Spencer purchased Mr. Arthur's interest, and became sole proprietor to Jan. 1, 1883. At that time Eliot F. Soule was admitted partner, who continued to Nov. 1, 1883. , Mr. Spencer has since that date been editor and proprietor. On the 1st day of January, 1881, the paper was 868 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. changed to a quarto and the word Brookline left out of the title. It is a fine-looking and well-patronized paper. Mr. Spencer has a completely furnished print ing-office for publishing and printing his paper, as well as for book and job printing. Libraries. — In the year 1825 a few individuals were associated together for the purpose of procuring a library of books for mutual improvement. They were organized with Rev. Dr. John Pierce as presi dent ; Deacon Otis Withington, secretary ; Oliver Whyte, librarian ; and Deacon John Robinson, treas urer, with a board of trustees. Rules and regulations were adopted Dec. 27, 1825. The terms were five dollars per year the first two years, and two dollars per year after that time. The library was kept in the house of the librarian, and was open for delivery of books on the first and third Saturdays of each month, from three to four o'clock p.m. The books were at one time kept in the shoe-store of James Leeds, nearly opposite to the present hook-and-ladder house on Washington Street. In 1827 a printed catalogue was issued for the use of members, which contained twelve pages of matter, and the titles of between two hundred and fifty and three hundred volumes. This may be said to have been the first library in the town. In 1865 there was a collection of works on agri culture in the town, owned by about eighty sub scribers, which had been deposited with the town library in the original apartments at the town hall. There were one hundred and seventy-three volumes in an elegant black-walnut case, and the association was known as the Brookline Agricultural Library. During the year above named the proprietors pre sented the case and contents, as above stated, to the town, and the same forms a portion of the agricul tural department in the Public Library. Brookline is believed to have been the first town in the commonwealth to avail itself of the general statute authorizing cities and towns to raise and ap propriate money for founding and maintaining public libraries. At the annual town-meeting, held March 16, 1857, the subject was introduced under an article in the warrant, and referred to a committee, consisting of Edward A. Dana, Abijah W. Goddard, Samuel Phiibrick, George F. Homer, and Charles Follen. This committee reported at the adjourned town-meeting, March 30, 1857, and upon their recommendation the town promptly voted to establish a public library, and appropriated for its foundation and commencement the sum of nine hundred and thirty-four dollars, being the rate of twenty-five cents per ratable poll. These sums were all that could be legally raised by taxation for this purpose. A suitable place was pro vided, and arrangements were made so that the Public Library was opened for the delivery of books to the citizens of the town Dec. 2, 1857, in a single room in the town hall, which was afterwards increased to four rooms ; but having outgrown their limits, meas ures were taken to provide better accommodations which resulted in the erection of the present building devoted to library uses in 1867. Land was purchased of Messrs. Henry Collins, Charles Chase, and John Gibbs on Washington Street. The entire lot, containing sixty-five thou sand feet, was graded, fenced, and provided with avenues and suitable walks, making it very attractive. The building was completed in 1869, and, with the furniture and furnishing, cost about forty-five thousand dollars. The architect was Louis Weissbein, Esq., of Boston, and the contractors for the work were as follows: mason-work was done by Horace James; carpenter-work, by Nathaniel Lyford ; freestone trim mings, etc., by E. F. Meany ; granite, by Frederick & Field ; cellar, by James Driscoll ; painting, by Ben jamin F. Baker; gas-fixtures, by M. W. Pierce & Co. ; heating apparatus and tinning, by Kenrick Brothers. The library hall has a capacity for fifty thousand volumes, a commodious reading-room, librarian's room, trustees' hall, committee-room, and six other rooms, with accommodations for all the working departments of a successful public library for the present and for a long time to come. These rooms were opened to the public Oct. 13, 1869, and the delivery of books commenced on the 18th of the same month. From that date to the present the library has been a marked success. The first librarian was Mr. John Emory Hoar, who took a great interest in the institu tion from the commencement. Since the 1st of De cember, 1871, the library has been under the charge of Miss Mary A. Bean, who brought to the office of librarian qualifications which it is the lot of but a.few to possess, in the thorough knowledge of books and literature generally and an extensive experience in the catalogueing of books, which is now an art requiring hard study, experience, and talent to insure success. Under the supervision of Miss Bean and her two as sistants, the Misses Wood and Lanman, the library bids fair to be among the leading institutions of its size in the country. As the growth of the library has been somewhat rapid, increasing at the rate of one thousand volumes or more per year, we append a table showing the number of volumes and the circulation from its com mencement to the present time. BROOKLINE. 869 Table ahoioing Statistics of Growth and Circulation, from Dec. 2, 1857, to Feb. I, 1884. Report. Year. No. of Vols. Circulation. Established 1857 1,000 1st 1858 2,138 2,000 2d 1859 2,856 10,108 3d % 1860 4,118 11,000* 4 th 1861 5,751 11,619 5th 1862 5,360 14,022 6th 1863 6,239 15,005 7th 1864 6,817 17,575 8th 1865 7,520 19,206 9th 1866 8,502 19,793 10th 1867 9,026 19,103 11th 1868 9,687 18,011 12th 1869 10,500 18,144 13th 1870 12,000 22,381 14th 1871 13,552 33,393 15th 1872 14,448 17,389t 16th 1873 15,593 37,105 17th 1874 16,669 50,120 18th 1875 17,893 37,949} 19 th 1876 19,323 42,427 20th 1877 20,282 45,619 21st 1878 21,416 50,427 22d 1879 22,925 44,736jj 23d 1880 24,018 50,435 24th 1881 25,181 44,585 25th 1882 26,158 45,565 26th 1883 27,089 48,852 27th 1884 28,062 50,608 * Librarian's report BayB, *' A little less than 11,000 vols, have been delivered." f Library closed several months in summer for rearrangement. The above figures date from the reopening, Sept. 11, 1872. X Change in town by-laws, requiring reports to be returned Feb. 15> cut short the library year. \ Library closed two months for examination and cleaning of books. While the success has been so marked in the past, and the influence that has gone out from the estab lishment of such an institution has been so great, the citizens of the town are to be congratulated upon the acquisition of such high privileges as they now enjoy. In this connection we cannot fail to notice and duly appreciate the great liberality that has been shown towards the library enterprise from its begin ning. The reports and records show that there has never been a year in its history when books and pamphlets have not been generously and freely be stowed. The following gifts of money have been given to the library, viz. : John S. Wright, in June, 1861, $100. James M. Howe, in February, 1863, $100. Mrs. Samuel Philbrick, May, 1864, $1000. Abijah W. Goddard, July, 1869, $100. John L. Gardner, January, 1871, $10,000. John L. Gardner, November, 1873, $1000. The will of Martin L. Hall gives " to the town of Brookline five thousand dollars for the benefit of the town library, to be placed on interest, and such interest forever applied to the increase of said library by the purchase of books of standard value." Numerous smaller sums of money, varying from ten to fifty dollars, amounting to several hundred dol lars, were contributed during the early years of the library. One of the leading features in the library, and a valuable portion, is the reading-room, where may be found magazines and periodicals and many newspapers readily accessible, in what has been named " Gardner Hall." Much of the success of this institution is due to the character and management of the board of trustees, who are selected with reference to their fitness for the duties of such institutions, persons of culture, education, and good taste, — the requisites for good managers, — some of whom devote a large por tion of their time to its interests. Town Hall, — The necessity of a new town hall, to meet the growth and increasing demands of our people, had become so apparent, that at the annual town-meeting of the citizens, held on the 28th of March, 1870, a committee was appointed to con sider the subject, and to report in regard to the same at the adjourned town-meeting. The committee, at their first meeting, without previous conference, found themselves a unit in favor of the immediate erection of a tasteful, commodious, and substantial edifice for this purpose. The committee were also impressed with the fact that the town was seriously deficient in those social advantages which would be derived from the possession of such a building. Their report was accepted, and the same persons were con stituted a building committee, viz. : William A. Well- man, Charles U. Cotting, John C. Abbott, Charles W. Scudder, William Aspinwall, Augustine Shurtleff, William K. Melcher, William Lincoln, and Martin P. Kennard. The town appropriated the sum of one hundred thousand dollars, and placed the same at the disposal of the committee, who were authorized to issue the bonds of the town, payable in twenty years. At a subsequent meeting fifty thousand dollars were added to the appropriation, for which sums the bonds were negotiated at six per cent., at their par value, and a sinking fund has been provided for their redemp tion. The first duty of the committee was to invite plans and sketches, with the understanding that the author of the accepted design should be employed as the archi tect. All were requested to sign their designs with a motto, and inclose their names in an envelope, to re main until the choice was made. Sixteen designs were offered, and after very careful study and con sideration the one with a red seal was chosen, and dis- '870 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. closed the name of the author to be S. J. F. Thayer, Esq., of Boston. The contract for the masonry was taken by Messrs. Adams & Barstow, of Boston ; and for the carpenter-work by our townsman, Mr. Wil liam K. Melcher. The corner-stone of the building was laid, in the presence of the town officers, May 23,' 1871. The structure is upon the site of the old town hall, which was removed to Prospect Street. This is the third hall the inhabitants have built for town pur poses. The first was dedicated Jan. 1, 1825, a small stone building, afterwards used for the high school, and now standing on Walnut Street, near the First Church. The second was opened on the 14th Oc tober, 1845, twenty years after the first ; and the late venerable Dr. Pierce, in his address on the occasion, remarked, " The progressive improvements of modern times render it not improbable that, when this beau teous fabric shall grow old, it may give place to an edifice which shall as far exceed this as the present is superior to the rude structures of former times.'' In style, this structure is a secular Gothic, well fitted for a building designed for municipal uses. The principal fagade has three entrances, divided by pol ished granite columns with carved capitals, the whole being covered with an arch resting upon solid abut ments, and forming above the entrance a large window, which is divided by granite mullions. Above this window, and nearly in the centre of the front, is an arcade inclosing several windows, which are separated by short granite shafts. Still higher is the cornice, ornate in character, and somewhat above the general level. The centre of the front rises to a height of one hundred feet, being higher than any other portion of the structure. The roof is slated in green, red, and purple, in ornamental style. The building is three stories in height, and constructed of rose-colored granite from Dedham, and trimmed with light-gray hammered granite from Blue Hill, Me., having a massive base of the same material, while the body is quarry-faced. The ground-floor is a rectangle, ninety feet in width by one hundred and thirty-six feet in length, each side being recessed ten feet, and fifty-six feet of the centre front projecting, giving an extreme width of ninety feet, and extreme length of one hun dred and forty-six feet. The first floor is seven and one-half feet above the grade of the location, and is divided into corridors, offices, and a hall. Entering by the main door-way, we pass through the vestibule, thirty-nine feet long by thirty in width, with a tile floor. In this vestibule, and on either side of the entrance, are the staircases leading to the second story. Beyond this is a corridor fifteen feet in width, extend ing back half the length of the building, where it meets another corridor running at right angles with it, and giving an entrance on Prospect Street, through a carriage-porch. On either side of the main corridor are three rooms, twenty-three feet width, for the use of the town officers. At the rear of the main corridor is the lower hall, in the rear of the building, which will seat between five and six hundred persons, and is designed for political and other meetings, which do not require the larger hall. Ascending the broad staircases, we enter this hall, which is sixty-five and one-half wide by ninety-two and one-half feet in length ; and it will seat between twelve and fourteen hundred persons. Its form is an elongated octagon. The walls are thirty-seven feet in height, the ceilings extend into the roof sixteen feet, giving in the centre a height of fifty-three feet. The decorations and windows were done by McPherson & McDonald, of Boston. The main vestibule is decorated in a style like to the hall, and is lighted by a large window, in which are placed the coat of arms of the United States and of the State, both in medallion. The building is heated by indirect radiation of steam, under the direction of T. S. Clogston, of Boston. The character of the work is completed in the spirit of the liberality of the town. An able address was delivered on the occasion of the dedication of this hall by Hon. Robert C. Win throp, which has been published in pamphlet form. At the conclusion of Mr. Winthrop's address, the following original ode, written by Miss Harriet F. Woods, written for the occasion, was sung by the Choral Club : "ODE. " Written for the occasion by Miss Harriet F. Woods. " Beneath this noble roof we stand, Where skill has reared these massive walls, And beauty from our Father's hand Streams in where'er the sunlight falls. " Here, as the years shall come and go, Proud Eloquence with lofty strain Shall set the listening heart aglow, And nerve to noble deeds again. " Here Music, tuned to fine accord, From voices yet unborn, shall ring; And grand, triumphant strains be poured From brazen throat and vibrant string. " Here may the rich man and the poor Combine to wield the ballot's might ; Contend for truth which shall endure, And cancel every wrong with right. " Long may our town's unsullied name Our fair and proud possession be, And none but honest patriots claim The honors of the brave and free." W?7''--;^:'-'L'^-- ¦ iJ/ltV/t.CuJ bv/V BROOKLINE. 871 STATISTICAL ACCOUNT Of the Industry and Products of the Town of Brookline for the year ending April 1, 1845. 2600 pairs of ladies' yarn hose, valued at Saddles and harness manufactured Wagons, sleighs, and other vehicles Cabinet-ware manufactured 3400 hides tanned, value of leather Capital employed in tanneries 612 pairs of boots and 210 pairs of shoes, valued at 163 cords of firewood, prepared for market 270 horses, valued at 63 pairs of oxen @ SS5 per pair 256 cows, valued @ $25 each 362 swine 1225 bushels of Indian corn 2036 bushels of rye 136 bushels of barley 30,869 bushels of potatoes 1789 tons of hay 1508 pounds of butter 1070 pounds of honey 1233 barrels of string beans @ $1.50 2560 barrels of green peas @ $2.00 2288 barrels of cucumbers @ 1.00 2074 barrels of beets @ $1.25 1674 barrels of onions @ 81.25 1222 barrels of parsnips @ 1.25 5220 barrels of green corn @ $1.00 1995 bushels of tomatoes @ 50 cents 15,880 bushels of turnips @ $1.00 296 tons of squashes @ $15 14^ tons of peppers (ti>, $60 204 tons of carrots (5) $S 255,650 cabbages @ 3 cents , Celery and horse-radish valued at Early salads and greens valued at Melons of different varieties Asparagus Shell beans and other small articles $1,200.00 525.00 4,000.00 300.00 17,300.0024,000.00 3,520.001,059.50 20,400.00 5,355.006,400.005,430.00 857.50 1,425.20 84.40 12,347.60 25,046.00 271.44214.00 1,834.505,120.002,283.002,592.502,092.50 1,527.505,220.00 997.50 2,646.674,440.00 847.50 1,632.007,669.50 2,917.004,255.00 2,437.00 2,244.00 575.00 15,913 barrels of apples, valued at 691 barrels of pears 134 bushels of peaches @ $2 222 bushels of plums (5) $3 1539 bushels of cherries @ $2.60 475 bushels of currants @ $2 250 bushels of quinces @ $2 12,309 boxes of strawberries @ 20 cents 4956 boxes of raspberries @ 25 cents.... 12,470 pounds of grapes @ 50 cents 110 tons of rye straw (a) $10 1044 barrels of cider (a) $1 25 $19,891.25 2,784.00 268.00 666.00 2,847.50 950.00 500.00 2,461.80 1,239.006,235.001,100.001,044.00 93,440 gallons of milk 15,573.33 Total $212,635.69 CENSUS OF 1875. Dwelling-houses 1095 Dwellings occupied 1065 Dwellings unoccupied 30 Families 1338 Males 2962 Females 3713 Population 6675 Ratable polls 1720 Legal voters 1247 Naturalized voters 432 Aliens 315 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. THOMAS GRIGGS. Deacon Thomas Griggs, the son and fourth child of Samuel and Beulah (Hammond) Griggs, was born in Brookline, Mass., April 5, 1788, and is the sixth in descent from his paternal ancestor in the follow ing line: Thomas (4), Ichabod (3), Joseph (2), Thomas (1). We first find Thomas (1) an early inhabitant of Roxbury in 1639, whose wife was Mary, who died that year, leaving two sons, John aud Joseph, and a daughter, who died in 1645 at the age of twelve years. He married, second, Mary Green, Aug. 26, 1640. He died after a lingering sickness May 23, 1646. The inventory of his estate was made the 25th of the third month, 1646. He had an allotment of two parcels of land at Muddy River previous to 1639. Joseph, the youngest son of Thomas and Mary Griggs, came from England ; born about 1625 ; became a member of the church in Roxbury June 20, 1653 ; freeman, May 18, 1653; married Mary, daughter of Griffin Crafts, of Roxbury. She died June 30, 1653. He then married Hannah, daughter of Samuel and Anna Davis, Nov. 8, 1654, and had eight children, viz. : (1) Samuel (born 1656, died 1657), (2) Mary (born 1657, died young), (3) Hannah (born 1659), (4) Joseph (born 1661), (5) Benjamin (bom 1668), who removed to Connecticut, (6) Joanna (born 1672), (7) Ichabod (born Sept. 27, 1675), (8) Mary (born 1682). The mother died Jan. 9, 1683. This family resided in what was known as " Rox bury Precinct," or " Punch Bow! Village." The father died Feb. 10, 1714/15, aged ninety years. He joined with his brother in conveying land to Hugh Thomas Feb. 16, 1652, — land in Roxbury. He and his wife conveyed to John Hull land in that part of Muddy River called the " Common Field." Also land sold to George (Basto) Barstow, Feb. 23, 1699, in " Boston Fields," bordering on land of Edward and John Devotion, the well-known early settlers. Mr. Griggs being an early resident of Muddy River, and being perfectly familiar with all the estates in and around his home and Roxbury, was once called upon to settle a dispute in reference to a division fence that used to run from about where " Chapel" Station now is, and so along the edge of the upper land, where was formerly a road leading to " Sewall's Fort." We give it as we find it, in the following deposition, dated Jan. 21, 1709 (Suffolk Records 24, p. 279): " Jos. Griggs, of Roxbury, aged about 85 years, testifieth and saith that about three score years since he settled at Muddy River, now called Brooklyne, and has lived there and at Rox bury ever since, and in all that time has been very well ac quainted with that tract of land, now in farms and propriety's, viz., Capt. Sewall, the late Deacon Elliotts, Devotions, Clarks, and others lying in Muddy River aforesaid, which was com monly called a common field butting on the salt marishes. As to the fence, or enclosure of said common field this deponent very well remembers that those persons that owned the upland were at the whole and sole charge of the outside range of fence the marish owners refusing to pay any part of the charge, and 872 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. at a meeting of the upland and marish owners about forty years since the inarish-men representing their design to fence the marish from the upland, desired the upland owners to do their proportion, but the upland owners utterly refused it for the reason above mentioned and told the marish owners that if they would fence out the marish they must do it at their own cost, and this depon* has never known or understood that the upland owners ever bore any proportion of the charge of fencing off the marish, but that they did at all times maintain the outside range offence, and the marish-men were at the charge of fencing the parish from the upland, "Joseph Geiggs, Jan. 21, 1709." Mr. Griggs' name ia also attached to a memorial with forty others, inhabitants of Roxbury, headed by the autograph of their pastor, Rev. John Eliot, ad dressed as Christian patriots to the honored Governor and the Deputy Governor, together with the rest of the honored magistrates and House of Deputies of Massachusetts, requesting and encouraging the Gen eral Court to stand fast in upholding the franchises of the people, and the liberties of the churches of that colony, then menaced by its enemies, and by the re cently restored monarchy of England. He was a deputy to the General Court or representative of Rox bury in 1681, and selectman of that town in 1677, 1680, 1683, 1687, and 1688. As a member of that board he was active and effi cient in procuring a grant of land from the Legisla ture to establish the town of New Roxbury, now the town of Woodstock, Conn. At the date of the grant, in October, 1683, it formed a part of Massachusetts. He was a grand-juryman in 1689. He was joint owner in a grist-mill previous to 1739, and sold to Joseph Belknap, who proceeded to use the water- privilege in such a manner as to damage the citizens of Brookline and Roxbury, in neglecting to do as much grinding as was necessary for home consumption. Accordingly, application was made to the selectmen, who had control of the same, that they should in fu ture be limited in the amount of water to be drawn from their fountain-head. We have seen that Mr. Griggs enjoyed the confi dence and esteem of his fellow-citizens, and was often intrusted with the management of public affairs to a greater or less extent throughout a long and useful life, and died in a ripe old age. Ichabod, the great-grandfather of the subject of this sketch, and Margaret, his wife, had nine children, viz.: (1) Hannah, 1702; (2) Samuel, 1704; (3) Elizabeth, 1705; (4) Joseph, 1708; (5) Esther, 1710; (6) Sarah, 1712; (7) Nathan, 1714; (8) Thomas, 1715/16; (9) Ichabod, 1718. Thomas, the eighth child of Ichabod and Margaret, wasborn Feb. 25, 1715/1 6; married Margaret Williams, of Roxbury, Sept. 1, 1743, and had ten children, viz. : (I) Sarah, 1744; (2) Elizabeth, 1745; (3) Moses, 1747; (4) Thomas, 1750; (5) Samuel, 1753; (6) John, 1756; (7) Joseph, 1760; (8) Joshua, 1763; (9) Sarah, 1765; (10) Nathaniel, 1770. Thomas, the father, settled in the lower parish of Roxbury, now a part of Brookline. He was a cordwainer, built a house and worked for many years at his trade, in what is known as the " Downer House," which he built. He afterwards sold this estate and purchased the one now owned and occupied by the late Deacon David Coolidge, on Harvard Street. On this farm he passed the remainder of his days, and where he died July 7, 1782. Moses, the father of the late David R. Griggs, settled in the edge of Brighton. Thomas removed to Sutton, Mass. Samuel Griggs, son of Thomas and Margaret ; bora Dec. 23, 1753 ; married Beulah, daughter of Daniel and Lucy Jones (Hammond), of Newton, Mass., Dec. 7, 1780, and had nine children, viz. : (1) Joseph, 1781 ; married Sarah Fuller, of Needham ; (2) Sam uel, 1784 ; married, first, Caroline Bacon, second, Abigail Saurin ; (3) William Jones, 1786 ; died Oct. 24, 1804 ; (4) Thomas, 1788 ; married Harriet Fuller, of Needham ; (5) Susanna, 1790 ; married, first, Dea con Aaron Hayden, of Eastport, Me., second, Ephraim Jackson, of Newton ; (6) Lucy, 1792 ; married David R. Griggs ; (7) John, 1794 ; married Sarah Williams ; (8) Stephen, 1796 ; married Caroline Fish ; he was drowned at Rockport, Mass., Aug. 16, 1850; (9) Margaret Williams, 1800 ; married Henry Wood, of Boston. The father died Jan. 16, 1814, aged sixty years. The mother died Aug. 21, 1847, aged ninety. Samuel Griggs settled on the homestead, which has from the earliest days been in the Griggs family. It was purchased of Capt. John Winchester, and was where his nine children were born. A grandson of his, William Jones Griggs, now owns and occupies the farm, which is under a high state of cultivation, Joshua, the father of George Griggs, Esq., resided on the Deacon David Coolidge farm. He had eight children. Nathaniel married Joanna Aspinwall, and settled in Brighton. Deacon Thomas Griggs, son of Samuel and Beulah (Hammond) Griggs, married Harriet, daughter of Jonathan and Mary (Broad) Fuller, of Needham, Mass., Feb. 9, 1819, and had seven children,— 1. Caroline Griggs, Jan. 27, 1820 ; married David Sullivan Coolidge Jan. 6, 1841, and had— L, Henry Coolidge, Jan. 6, 1842 ; married Hattie Russell, of Watertown ; ii., Walter Coolidge, Feb. 23, 1844 ; mar ried Georgie Robinson, of Brooklyn, N. Y. ; iii., Har riet Coolidge, Feb. 20, 1847 ; iv., Ellen Coolidge, Feb. 9, 1850. BROOKLINE. 873 2. William Jones Griggs, June 6, 1821 ; married Mary Eaton Gipson, of Boston, Jan. 14, 1864, and had four children, — i., Mary Ellen Griggs, May 5, 1866; ii., Sarah Louisa Griggs, March 18, 1868; iii., Lucy Anna Griggs, Jan. 13, 1870 ; iv., Walter Allan Griggs, Feb. 25, 1871. 3. Mary Jane Griggs, Sept. 18, 1822; married Hezekiah Shailer, of Haddam, Conn., Aug. 10, 1847, and had, — i., Emma Jane Shailer, Aug. 13, 1848 ; died in New York, May 11, 1864; ii., William Griggs Shailer, Dec. 24, 1850; iii., Cora Louisa Shailer, Aug. 3, 1862. Mr. Shailer died July 9, 1878. 4. Ellen Griggs, May 5, 1824; married Charles Jewett Saxe, of Highgate, Vt., born March 24, 1814; married Feb. 22, 1853; children,— i., Charles Jewett Saxe, born Feb. 21, 1855, died July 11, 1862 ; ii., William Arthur Saxe, May 3, 1857 ; iii., Thomas Edward Saxe, July 6, 1860 ; iv., John Walter Saxe, Dec. 2, 1863 ; v., James Alfred Saxe, Dec. 2, 1863 ; vi., Mary Ellen Saxe, Dec. 17, 1865. Mr. Saxe, the father, died Oct. 1, 1867, at Troy, N. Y. 5. Thomas Baldwin Griggs, May 1, 1826 ; married Ann Elizabeth Stearns, Dec. 11, 1851, and have five children, — i., Annie Beulah Griggs, July 27, 1853 ; ii., Margaret Wood Griggs, May 15, 1855 ; iii., Sarah Louise Griggs, born March 22, 1861, died Aug. 31, 1867 ; iv., Thomas Griggs, Dec. 13, 1863 ; v., Harriet Fuller Griggs, Nov. 21, 1867. 6. Amanda Griggs, May 26, 1828 ; married Heze kiah Smith Chase, of Boston, Dec. 30, 1858; chil dren, — i., Hezekiah Chase, June 11, 1861 ; ii., Marion Chase, March 2, 1869. 7. Francis Henry Griggs, Nov. 14, 1834; married Candace Watson, of Liberty, Ind., Oct. 8, 1861 ; children, — i., Elizabeth Hasselman Griggs, April 22, 1866 ; ii., Thomas Watson Griggs, Feb. 14, 1875. Mr. Griggs is a banker, and resides in Davenport, Iowa. The wife of Deacon Thomas Griggs died Aug. 13, 1867, aged seventy years, twenty-six days. Mr. Griggs is a fine specimen of the good old English stock, of an active, enterprising, and indus trious race. Having been born in a time when the means of acquiring anything more than a common education were exceedingly limited, his time was mostly occupied in promoting the interests of his father's farm, which consisted of the usual early rising, plenty of work, and no play kind of a boy's early life in the country. He has ever followed the life of a farmer, in which he has been successful, and now in his extreme old age attends personally to conducting the affairs on his land. He became possessed of the old homestead of his father, which consisted of forty acres or more of land, which extended from Harvard Street to the top of Corey Hill, by purchasing the interest of the other. heirs to the estate. At one time he was the owner of over one hundred acres of land, including the land extending from his residence to Coolidge's store. At the time of his ownership of Corey Hill, the north side was covered with a large growth of "savins," or cedar-trees (Jnniperus Vir- giniana), which he caused to be removed, and the land prepared for cultivation. Mr. Griggs also cleared the lowland in the rear of his present residence on Washington Street, from Park Street to land of the late Deacon John Robinson. This land consisted of alders, barberry-bushes, and every other kind of swamp bushes, where now may be seen the most fertile land in Brookline. The early boyhood of Deacon Griggs was quite uneventful. The school privileges of his day consisted of four months in the winter season, interspersed in summer with agricultural employment. He early ac quired habits of industry, was earnest aud honest, calm and deliberate, in all matters of judgment, of a quiet and retiring disposition, unassuming in bis de portment, never sought to be conspicuous. In politics he was a Whig and Republican, firm and unwavering in his convictions of duty, never seeking public office, but has merited and often enjoyed the confidence of his fellow-citizens. He has been selectman, assessor, moderator of town-meetings, member of the school board, and representative to the General Court. During the war of 1812 he commanded a company at Fort Independence, in Boston Harbor, doing good service. (See roll.) He has ever been a law-abiding citizen, a valued friend and neighbor. When he arrived at the age of twenty-six his father died, leaving a widow and sev eral children. Upon Thomas devolved the duty of conducting the large farm. Five years later the sub ject of this sketch assumed the duties of married life, by bringing to the family circle an estimable lady, one who was his companion and life for forty-eight years, who became the mother of seven children, most of whom are now living. There are also twenty-two grandchildren living. Mrs. Griggs was a most es timable and valued lady, a very devoted mother, a member of the Baptist Church, in which she was ever actively interested, and was always doing good when an opportunity presented itself. In 1810, Mr. Griggs commenced attending the First Baptist Church in Newton, Rev. Joseph Graf ton pastor ; was baptized and united with this church in December, 1817. During that month he, with twenty-two others, removed their church relation to 874 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. Cambridgeport, Mass., for the purpose of constituting a Baptist Church in that place. He remained there, under the preaching of Rev. Bela Jacobs, for four years. In March, 1821, he, with others, helped to con stitute the First Baptist Church in Roxbury, uniting with the Boston Baptist Association. Here he was appointed deacon, and remained worshiping with them for seven years, under the ministry of Rev. Joseph Eliot for three years, and Rev. William Lev erett for four years. In 1828 he, with three others, feeling desirous to have a church nearer home, took measures to introduce church worship in Brookline. On the 5th day of June, 1828, a Baptist Church was constituted in Brookline, principally under the influ ence of Mr. Griggs, assisted by Elijah and Timothy Corey. Mr. Griggs was one of its first deacons, and has continued in that office for forty-six years, an honest and worthy church officer. We are happy to record the fact which appears from his whole course of life, that of the deep re ligious principle, firmly implanted within him, of doing good; the sacrifice made by him in riding six or more miles to attend church, and assist in organizing others that they might also receive similar benefits. In 1834, Mr. Griggs erected the house where his son, Deacon Thomas B. Griggs, resides, and occupied the same for about twelve years, when he removed to his present residence on Washington Street, where he purchased five acres of land in 1844, and built his house in 1847. When we consider that Mr. Griggs has been troubled with rheumatism for fifty years, it is wonderful to witness the activity with which he daily moves about on his farm, looking after its interest with the ardor of a much younger person. Mr. Griggs is an amiable, pleasant, warm-hearted, kind old gentleman, blessed with a cheerful disposition, and is surrounded by many affectionate children and grandchildren, and is passing his later years with honor and happiness. He resides on one of the prin cipal thoroughfares of the town. Financially he has been a success, promptly meeting his engagements, running no bills, paying every one promptly. He has a very accurate and strong memory, reciting things that happened seventy-five years since as though of the past year. His impressions of events which oc curred about 1800 have been readily given to the writer (who has had much occasion to refer to him for historical data), and are always clearly and fairly stated. In money matters always exact, giving and receiving just what was right. In short, he has done his work well, never shrank from duty, and his labors have been crowned with success. Those who have witnessed his prompt and steady attendance on church worship on the Sabbatb-day, at the age of ninety-six, riding in his carriage regularly, have only wished him a much longer life, and a happy one for years to come. " The thought of death has no shadow of gloom to him, for he knows the end of his journey is nigh.'' DR. CHARLES WILD. Dr. Charles Wild, the subject of this notice, was the son of Abraham and Susanna (Pitman) Wild, of Boston. He was born Jan. 15, 1795. His father was of good old English stock, and j his descendants have done no discredit to the name. In early days he attended such common schools as the times afforded ; fitted for college at the Latin school in Boston (where he received a Franklin medal in 1805), and entered Harvard College in 1811, graduating in the mem orable class of 1814, of whom William H. Pres cott, the historian, President Walker, of Harvard College, Hon. Pliny Merrick, the late justice of the Supreme Court of Massachusetts, and other equally prominent men, were members. He received the degrees of A.M. and M.D. in 1817. He studied medicine in the Harvard Medical College in Boston. Soon after graduating, on the 10th of April, 1818, he came to Brookline, for the purpose of prac ticing his profession, and was an inmate of the family of Mrs. Croft, on Washington Street. He very soon became well known, entered upon an extensive patron age, which he continued for upwards of forty years, enjoying the confidence of his fellow-citizens in an eminent degree. At the time of his starting in life, Dr. William Aspinwall, then the popular physician of the town, was gradually giving up his professional labor, and a son of his (of the same name) had died, thus leaving the field almost wholly to himself. In a short time Mrs. Croft, the lady with whom he boarded, gave him about two acres of land on the south side of Washington Street, on which he immediately erected a dwelling-house, the same now standing, which he sold to Deacon William Lincoln, and later owned by Stephen D. Bennett, Esq., adjoining the Blake place on the west, and the Craft estate on the east. He married at the age of twenty-four years, and became a valued citizen, a public-spirited man, interested in the welfare of the community. He was an active member of Rev. Dr. Pierce's church, a regular attend ant on his ministry, and a member of the choir, and before the organ was used in that church he played the flute. The doctor was one of the old school for 1 /?rr/frV.-;- AX Bit0''11 BROOKLINE. 879 Elbridge Wason, son of Deacon Robert and Nancy Wason, married Mary (born June 30, 1809), daugh ter of Samuel and Mary (Gardner) Stickney, of Bos ton, April 21, 1851. She, died Aug. 15, 1863. He married, second, Mary Isabella (born May 30, 1835), daughter of Hon. Leonard and Mary Isabella (Dickey) Chase, of Milford, N. H., May 17, 1865, and have Mary Isabella Wason, born Jan. 11, 1867, and Leonard Chase Wason, born Aug. 5, 1868. Mr. Wason was born in New Boston, N. H., Sept. 26, 1809. He was the eldest of -nine children, all of whom lived to become useful members in society. His early days were spent in his native town in con tributing his share of manual labor upon his father's farm. Here it was, under the care of kind parents, j with an early religious training, that he developed that strong character for manliness and integrity which has ever characterized his more matured years. His advantages for school education were such as the life of a country farmer usually affords. A brief at tendance in the village school of his native town, sup plemented by a course of study at Derry Academy, prepared him for the higher privilege of teaching school in Windham, and afterwards in Amherst, N. H. In December, 1831, being desirous of seeing some thing of life outside of his native village, he visited Boston, where he remained for a short time, and while there he was induced to embark in business. On the 8th of March, 1832, he removed to Boston, and immediately entered upon the duties of clerk and sales man in the wholesale West India goods store of the well-known firm of Pierce & Goodnow, at 29 South Market Street. At the end of one and a half years the firm was dissolved, but he continued with Mr. Goodnow for the term of five years, at the expiration of which time he entered into partnership with his cousin, William Wason, on Blackstone Street, where he remained till August, 1837. On the first day of September of that year a new partnership was formed with Henry Peirce, under the firm-name of Wason & Peirce, wholesale grocers, at 61 Chatham Street. At the end of eighteen months Mr. Rufus Clement, of New London, N. H., was admitted a partner in the business, under the firm-name of Wason, Peirce & Co. Mr. Clement retired from the firm April 1, 1848. Soon after this, Robert Boyd Wason, a brother of the senior partner, was admitted to the firm. George A. Wadley, who had for a long time been book-keeper for the firm, was a partner for about ten years, re tiring on the 1st day of January, 1865. At this time Henry E. Peirce, son of Mr. Henry Peirce, became partner, the firm-name remaining the same through the various changes. The present members are Elbridge Wason, Henry Peirce, and Robert Boyd Wason, who are still actively engaged in the same business, and in the store where they began in 1837. Commencing business at a season when the country was laboring under a severe financial depression, the success of this firm has been remarkable, and is largely due to the promptness with which everything has been done, the meeting every obligation, and con ducting business in honesty, and with the manly purpose of dealing justly with all people. A truly remarkable example of the integrity of Boston's best merchants worthy of emulation. In politics Mr. Wason has ever been of the Whig and Republican order, a firm and stanch supporter of the government, and a firm believer in a liberal orthodox religion, and is a member of the church under the pastoral care of Rev. Reuen Thomas, Ph.D. Although Mr. Wason has for a long time been away from the scenes of his early boyhood, he has ever been attached to his native town, and still holds the same in kind remembrance. He came to Brook line in August, 1858, and purchased the estate at the corner of Harvard Street and Alton Place, where he now resides. He was one of the principal movers and contributors in the erection of the new and ele gant stone temple near his residence, known as Har vard Church, and has served as a member of the Prudential Committee of the same. In -his private life he is domestic in his habits, fond of home, of a social temperament, gentlemanly in his deportment and intercourse with the public. HENRY PEIRCE. Henry Peirce was born in Waltham, Mass., Oct. 2, 1807. His first ancestor in this country was John Peirce, who came from Norwich, Norfolk County, Eng land, a short time prior to his admission as freeman of Watertown, Mass., which admission bears date 1637/8. This John Peirce was born probably in 1586, as he was forty-nine years old at the time he applied for permission to " pass into Boston, New England, to inhabit." John's son, Anthony, who preceded his father to America by a few years, was born in 1609, and was admitted freeman of Watertown, Sept. 3, 1634. The date of his arrival in this country was 1630, pre sumably with the company of Sir Richard Salston- stall. The father of Henry Peirce was named William. He was educated at the common schools, and was a 880, HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. farmer and stone-mason. He was a private and cor poral for three years in the Revolutionary war. He was but fifteen years of age when the war broke out, and was stationed during his term of service among other places at Cambridge, West Point, and Philadel phia. He underwent in common with others many hardships, and was honorably discharged, receiving for many years a pension. He was a patriotic, liberal- minded man, honorable in all his engagements, loved and respected by all. He died in Waltham, Sept. 4, 1825, aged sixty-five. Henry's mother was Phebe Manning, born Nov. 10, 1766, died Oct. 13, 1851. She resided with her parents in Charlestown at the time of the battle of Bunker Hill, and was among those who fled for safety from their burning homes. She was then nine years old, and often in after-years told the story of her flight. She used to relate that, being ready to drop with fatigue, she exclaimed, " If they kill us, let 'em kill us, for I can't go any farther." No man could have a better mother than had Henry Peirce. She had a firm and independent mind, full of probity and self-reliance. She gave her years to her large family, and lived to see her sons grow up to regard her with veneration. Henry married, Jan. 21, 1833, Louisa Adeline Bayley. She was born in Rumney, N. H., March 1, 1807 ; died in Brookline, Mass., March 22, 1879. She was the daughter of Simon and Salina (Ramsay) Bayley, and descended from Bichard Bayley, of Row ley, Mass., the first of his name in this country. They had four children, — 1. Henry, born Oct. 25, 1833 ; died Nov. 30, 1833. 2. Henry Edgar, born April 13, 1835 ; died Aug. 2C, 1881 ; married, Dec. 3, 1863, Ann Eliza Holt. 3. William Oliver, born Sept. 4, 1837 ; unmarried. 4. Helen Louisa, born Feb. 21, 1843 ; died April 6, 1855. The subject of this sketch is widely known as a business man. The old church-going freeholders of his race in early times had not in all their line a more perfect representative of stanch, steadfast, manly integrity than he. His education was of the com mon school. His knowledge has been gained and his character formed in the conflicts of the world of business. He began his labors with George Mur dock, a grocer of his native town. For seven years he performed the duties of his place. In 1828 he went to Lowell, a town then rising in importance, and engaged in the baking business. There for nearly nine years as partner in an enterprising and success ful firm he exercised his abilities and industry. He came to Boston in 1837, entered into partnership with Elbridge Wason, and began business as a whole sale grocer at 61 Chatham Street, where he has re mained to the present time (1884). For nearly fifty years Henry Peirce has kept the even tenor of his way. Not exempt from losses, at times large, nor from all the countless stringencies and struggles inci dent to the prosecution of a widely-extended business, he has always met his engagements, fulfilled every obligation, and wherever known has met with that confidence and respect which purity of life and honesty of purpose must ever inspire. He removed his residence from Charles Street to Brookline in 1860, where he now lives filled with good will towards all honest men, content to claim only for himself the merit that belongs to good intentions and manly effort. His numerous friends hope he may live long to enjoy that competence he has so fairly and honor ably earned. Before closing this sketch it may be well for all who read these lines to reflect how large a volume might be made in recording the career of a man like Henry Peirce, who is only a type of the straight forward, high-minded Boston merchant., Such as he labor not for wealth alone, nor for business reputa tion. They have not the hope of the brilliant prizes of public life to sustain them in their struggles through the dark days of business adversity. More or less consciously they work because they feel it to be a duty. They have too much self-respect to waste their time in frivolous pursuits. Long after they have obtained a pecuniary independence they labor on, feeling that the world must somehow be better for their labor. And what burdens such men bear! Who that has not experienced can fitly portray them? Sneered at often by those they help the most, they rally in times of distress and give the fruits of their toil to lift the world to a higher plane, knowing that the approval of the " still small voice" must be their sole reward. THOMAS PARSONS. Thomas Parsons was born in Boston, Mass., July 25, 1816. He was the son of Charles Chauncy and Judith (Parsons) Parsons. His grandfather was Chief Justice Theophilus Parsons, of Newburyport, Mass., who married Elizabeth Greenleaf. The mother of Thomas Persons was the daughter of Capt. Thomas and Judith (Kinsman) Parsons. In 1850, Mr. Parsons purchased the estate known as the " Cabot Farm" and " Amory Place," upon which was an old house, which he removed in 1852, and erected a house upon the same site, where he now ^i^^- - -¦ ' E"-ff?iyAH.P.itcUB BROOKLINE. 881 resides most of the time, passing the summer months in Mattapoisett, his residence running to the water's edge. The subject of this sketch is a lineal descendant, on both his father and mother's side, from Rev. John Robinson, of Leyden. As an heirloom he has a side board in his possession brought over to this country by a son of the Rev. John Robinson. Mr. Parsons was educated in the common schools of Boston, and fitted for college in the Public Latin School of Bos ton ; entered Harvard College at the age of fourteen years, but owing to ill health was obliged to leave with only a partial course. He then entered the counting-room of Benjamin Bich & Son, East India merchants, where he served his term of apprentice ship, and then entered into business with his father, who was a merchant and owner of freighting ships, where he remained till 1865. He is at present inter ested in many corporations. He is president and director of the " Lyman Mill," at Holyoke, Mass. He became a resident of Brookline in 1848, and has always taken a great interest in the welfare of the town. He has been selectman for sixteen years, many years chair man, member of the school committee the same num ber of years, acting as chairman of the same. He was an original member of the " Brookline Public Library," and is now one of the trustees. Most of the time he has been president of the same. He rep resented the town in the Legislature for six years, serving on the Finance Committee five years. He was a member of the Committee on the Revision of the Revised Statutes in 1859, on the Valuation Committee in 1860. Appointed on the Board of Prison Com missioners by Governor Rice, and again by Governor Talbot, and chairman of the same for six years. In 1854 he was appointed as justice of the peace. In 1847 he married Martha Watson, daughter of Henry P. and Charlotte (Bicknell) Franklin. Mr. Franklin was a merchant and wealthy manufacturer in Providence. The children of Mr. Parsons are Elizabeth, Theophilus (a graduate of Harvard Col lage, 1870, now engaged in manufacturing in Holyoke, Mass.), Charlotte, and Lucy. THE DAVIS FAMILY OF BROOKLINE. BY W. E. WEBSTER. The New England progenitor of this family was William Davis, who came from Wales in his early youth and settled in Roxbury, where he was married three times. He was a member of the Apostle Eliot's 56 church, as were his wives and most of his children. He died Dec. 9, 1683, and was buried on the 11th, as appears by John Eliot's record, in the possession of the New England Historical and Genealogical Society ; the date is erroneously given as the 22d December in the Report of the Record Commissioners of Boston. His grandson, Ebenezer Davis, a blacksmith, made large purchases of lands in various places and settled upon the Brookline property, which he purchased in 1746 of Thomas Cotton, of Windham, Conn., for £4500. This estate of ninety-five acres was sepa rately described in three lots, and embraced the prin cipal portion of what is now the village of Brookline. Ebenezer Davis died in 1776; his will was pro bated March 4th of the same year. Although he had disposed of considerable real estate, what he left is worth recording, as his inventory indicates the value of lands in this county at that period : " House, Land and one half the other Build- ") ings on Easterly side of Cambridge Road I £i ggn and the Hill pasture on the' Northerly j side of said road, apprized at J House, Land &c lying southwardly and ad- 1 joining Watertown Road, with one half | ^^i, the buildings on the other side of the j Road, the House excepted J Four and a half acres salt-marsh 45 Four acres of salt marsh in the Great Marsh... 40 Thirty Eight Acres of land bought of Mary |_ 550 Winchester 1 A tract of Land in Troublesome Swamp (so- 1 g0 called) J A House, Farm and other buildings in Rox- I w(jq bury J A Wood-lot in Roxbury 112 Two Acres Salt Marsh in Roxbury 20 A Wood-lot in Needham 66 13s. 4d. A wood lot in Newton bought of John Ham- ) ^-j mond j Another in ditto, Three k ooe half Acres 52 10s. A Farm in Newton under the improvement of 1 ^ Mr. Joseph White I A House, Land and other buildings in tbel Town of Waltham under the Improve- j- 306 13s. 4d. ment of Mr. Matthias Collins J Total Real Estate, value £5709 16s. Sd. Two items of his personal estate were, " A Silver Tankard, valued at £18 13s. -id. and Six Hives of Bees, valued at £3 15s." This tankard is still in the possession of the family (the bees are not). On the curve of the handle, in ac cordance with the custom of the olden time, appear the husband's and wife's initials with that of the D family, thus, E + S, meaning Ebenezer and Sarah Davis. It bears the stamp of " J. Hurd," the famous goldsmith of Boston, whose daughter married Mr. Walley, and was the grandmother of Wendell Phil lips. A son, Nathaniel Hurd, succeeded his father ; he also struck his stamp upon it, simply the word " Hurd." He was an artist of great taste in heraldic enoravin"', and by a mistake not uncommon at that 882 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. time, engraved another family's armorial bearings upon this tankard, — that of the Davisons, instead of the Davis family of Carmathan, Wales. An impres sion of the Davis family seal is upon the will of Icha bod Davis, in registry of deeds in Suffolk County, a.d. 1754, — he was son of the original immigrant, whose will has been lost, — this was observed by J. C. J. Brown, of the Committee on Heraldry of the New England Historical and Genealogical Society, while making an examination of the heraldry on wills in Suffolk Probate Court. Ebenezer Davis' will was quite long, and very par ticular in relation to the division and distribution of the estate, and very regardful of all his descendants. His daughters, Hannah, Sarah, and Elizabeth, were the wives respectively of Matthias Collins, Joseph White, and Joseph Craft. In a codicil he gives his " Negro man Sambo his freedom." To Ebenezer Davis, his grandson, — who was the grandfather of the subject of this sketch, — he gave the first item on the inventory, until his sister Sarah was twenty-one years of age, when she was to have two hundred pounds ; and the real estate was to be equally divided between brother and sister ; but Eben and Benjamin, another grandson, were to have the woodlands in Cambridge, Brookliue, Newton, and Needham. The distribution to other children and grandchildren is not specified here, as this refers only to the line of Robert Sharp Davis. A great-grandson of the Ebenezer Davis who set tled in Brookline was named Robert Sharp Davis. This Robert Sharp had the following-named children, a brief sketch of whom will here be given: Samuel Craft, Robert Sharp, Phineas Stearns, Sarah, and Lucy. Samuel Craft Davis was born in Brookline, Feb. 18, 1809, and died in Boston, Oct. 15, 1882. In 1834, Mr. Davis went to St. Louis, where he estab lished the well-known dry-goods importing and job bing house of Samuel C. Davis & Co., in which he remained the senior partner until his death. He was an industrious and sagacious man, and eminently suc cessful merchant. In 1840, Mr. Davis married Caro line Tilden, of Brookline, by whom he had the follow ing children : Samuel Craft, a lawyer, born March 10, 1842; died Oct. 10, 1874; John Tilden, born Sept. 13, 1844 ; now a partner in the house of S. C. Davis & Co. ; also one son and one daughter who died in in fancy. Samuel Craft Davis, Jr., married Sarah Shurt- leff Shaw, of Boston, June 19, 1866; John Tilden Davis married Maria Jane Filley, Feb. 20, 1867. Robert Sharp Davis, whose portrait accompanies this sketch, was born in Brookline, Jan. 1, 1811, and died in the same town, Feb. 23, 1875. About the year 1825, Mr. Davis entered the employment of the well-known publishing firm of Crocker & Brewster, of Boston, a firm which remained the same, both in style and partners, for more than half a century. After remaining a few years with Crocker & Brewster, he became a partner in the firm of Lincoln, Edmands & Co., and in 1835 succeeded them. From that time he carried on the business of publishing school-books in Boston with uninterrupted success until his death, — a period of forty years lacking a few days. Among his most prominent publications were the mathemati cal works of the eminent author, Benjamin Greenleaf, books which are believed to have been in more uni versal use than any similar works ever published. In 1837, Mr. Davis married Mary Shannon, of Ports mouth, N. H., by whom he had the following chil dren : Mary Shannon (Mrs. W. E. Webster), Lucy Stearns, Sarah Comstock, Laura Wood (Mrs. T. R Shewell), Caroline Elizabeth, and Langdon Shannon, who married Helene Bartlett O'Leary, Nov. 9. 1880. Phineas Stearns Davis (named for his great-grand father, who was one of the famous Boston tea-party) was born in Brookline. For many years he was con nected in business with his brother Robert. He was an active member of the militia for more than twenty years, holding various commissions, including that of brigadier-general. At the breaking out of the war for the suppression of the Southern Rebellion, Gen. Davis, after serving several months upon a commission for the examination of candidates for positions in the military service, accepted the command of the Thirty- ninth Regiment, in which position he served with distinction until July 11, 1864, when he was killed by a rebel shell in front of Petersburg, Va. He was a brave and patriotic man and an accomplished officer. April 26,4847, he married Elizabeth Lambert, by whom he had the following-named children : Nannie Sophia, Charles Lambert, Elizabeth Lambert (Mrs. A. J. Ward), and Agnes Andrews. Sarah Davis was born in Brookline, Sept. 24, 1812; married Rev. Grover Smith Comstock, June 24, 1834; had the following children: Lucy D., Oliver C. (who was killed in the war for the Union), Robert Stearns, and Grover Samuel. Mrs. Comstock went to Burmah as a missionary and died there. Lucy Stearns Davis was born in Brookline, Jan. 26, 1816; married Daniel H. Rogers, Sept. 21, 1843; had the following children : Sarah O, Clara Lavinia, Elizabeth S., Mary D. The Davis family are descended in a maternal line from Robert Sharp, a youth of twenty, who came from England in the ship "Abigail," in 1635. lb 6€ BROOKLINE. 883 Robert Sharp stopped a while at Braintree, then at Rehoboth, and in 1650, with Peter Aspinwall, he purchased the large farm of William Colburn, at Muddy River. By his wife Abigail he had one son, John, born March 12, 1643, and two daughters, Abigail and Mary. John married Martha, daughter of Robert Vose, of Dorchester (Milton). John was a valiant soldier in King Philip's war, and was killed in the Sudbury fight, while lieutenant in Capt. Wads- worth's company, in April, 1676. His widow married Joseph Buckminster, from whom the distinguished persons of that name were descended. John Sharp had a son Robert, who perished in an expedition against the Indians in Canada. This Robert had a son Robert, who was a thrifty man, and became a large landholder in Brookline. He died in 1765, leaving a son, Robert, and four daughters. The fourth Robert married Sarah Payson, of Roxbury, by whom he had ten children, and from one of these children (Lucy), who married into the Davis family, was descended Robert Sharp Davis, the subject of this sketch. Brookline," soon to be published. He is also a fre quent contributor to magazines and newspapers. In October, 1870, he started the first newspaper ever published in the town of Brookline, known as the Brookline Transcript, of which he was the editor and proprietor for over two years. Among his con tributions are the " Memoir of the Late Deacon Lewis Bradford," of Plympton, Mass., " History of An dover," published in the " History of Essex County," also " History of North Andover" in the same work. Mr. Kingman married Susan Bradford, daughter of Capt. Thomas and Susanna (Bradford) Ellis, of Plympton, Mass., Jan. 1, 1852, a direct descendant of Governor William Bradford, of Plymouth, Mass., in the eighth generation. They had one daughter, Carrie Parker, born July 15, 1858 ; died Sept. 18, 1859. BRADFORD KINGMAN. Bradford Kingman is the son of Josiah Washburn and Mary (Packard) Kingman ; was born in that portion of the town of North Bridgewater (now Brockton) called " Campello," Jan. 5, 1831 ; came to Brookline, May 1, 1856. He is a lineal descendant in the seventh generation from Henry Kingman, an early settler of Weymouth, Mass., who came from Weymouth, England, in 1635. After the usual course of study in the common schools of his native village he attended the Adelphian Academy, under the charge of Messrs. Silas L. & L. F. C. Loomis, in the central village, and afterwards in the Williston Seminary at East Hampton, Mass. Studied law with Lyman Mason, Esq., of Boston ; attended lectures of the late Professor Emery Washburn, at Harvard Col lege ; and was admitted to the Suffolk bar in Boston April 21, 1863. Appointed justice of the peace by Governor Andrew, Jan. 22, 1864; and was trial justice for criminal cases for Norfolk County several years, notary public for the same county, and is now an attorney- and counselor-at-law, resident of Brook line. He is also commissioner of deeds for several New England and Western States. In addition to the duties pertaining to the legal profession, Mr. Kingman has given much attention to the study of local history. In 1866 he published a "History of North Bridgewater, Massachusetts," pp. 696, and is engaged in preparing a " History of GEORGE BATY BLAKE. The branch of the Blake family from which the subject of this sketch descended was first established in New England in the person of William Blake (a near relative of the famous English admiral, Robert Blake), who landed at Nantasket, May 30, 1630, and soon after fixed his residence at Dorchester, Mass., in that part now called Milton. George Baty Blake, the youngest of nine children of John Welland and Abigail (Jones) Blake, was born at Brattleborough, Vt., May 19, 1808. His grandfather, Joseph Blake (born Feb. 5, 1739 ; died July 21, 1818), was a lieutenant in the army at an early age, and saw some service at Crown Point. He married for his first wife Deborah, daughter of Samuel Smith, a physician of Sandwich, Mass., her mother, Bethiah Chipman, being reported by tradi tion to be a direct descendant of John Carver, the first Governor of Plymouth Colony. His father, John Welland Blake, Esq., a lawyer by profession, was one of the early settlers at Brattle- borouo-h, having established his residence there in 1790. He was one of the first postmasters in this place, represented the town in the State Legislature, and was at one time a large owner of real estate in the vicinity. He married, May 24, 1790, Abigail, daughter of Judge Daniel Jones, of Hinsdale, N. H. She died Dec. 14, 1S08, within a few months after George's birth, and his father Oct. 27, 1818. George, thus early left an orphan, was nursed and cared for during his infancy in the family of Maj. Stephen Greenleaf, a highly-respected citizen in the West Village of Brattleborough, and in after-years 884 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. he held the memory of this estimable man and his family in grateful remembrance. Subsequently he lived at the homestead until the age of thirteen. His eldest sister, Anna Sophia, who, in 1814, married Henry Cabot, son of Hon. George Cabot, of Boston, had charge of the household during George's childhood, until her removal to Boston upon her marriage, and there lived until her death, in 1845. Mrs. Cabot is well remembered in Boston society of the time for her personal charms and winning social graces. After the death of his father, George was for a few years particularly under the charge of his brother, John Rice Blake. These brothers long survived the other children, and were for twenty years or more partners in the banking business, which George undertook about the year 1850, in Boston, and to which the energies of the remaining years of his life were chiefly given. Although George's father had been at one time a man of considerable wealth for the period, at his death the family were left quite poor, so that when Mr. Dickerman, a dry-goods dealer from Boston, who chanced to see George, then a lad of thirteen, in Brattleborough, offered him a place in his store, the family gladly availed themselves of the offer, and the boy went to Boston. He lived at first with his sister, Mrs. Cabot, in High Street, Boston, and for two or three years re ceived from his brother John and this sister fifty dollars a year, which was the only pecuniary help he ever received. He was in Mr. Dickerman's employ a few years, and went thence to his brother-in-law, Edward Clarke, of the firm of Edward Clarke & Co., dry-goods im porters, and before he was twenty-one years of age Mr. Clarke took him into the firm as partner, and he went at once to England to buy goods. From this time, in 1828, he was constantly going to England and the continent of Europe in the pursuance of his business, making many acquaintances and some life long friendships. Among others, he thus became acquainted with the late George Peabody, at that time a buyer of dry-goods for his Baltimore firm, and afterward long resident in London, with whom Mr. Blake continued in warm relations of friendship until Mr. Peabody's death, and for several years their respective firms had extensive business relations. May 24, 1833, Mr. Blake married his cousin, Anna Hull, daughter of Joshua Blake, of Boston, a promi nent and successful merchant, doing business with the Mediterranean ports. They were married at her father's house in Winthrop Place, by the Rev. F. W. P. Greenwood, of King's Chapel, at which church Mr. Blake then, and during his whole life, attended service, acting for several years as vestryman, and always taking a deep and lively interest in the church and its several clergymen. During his earlier visits in England, Mr. Blake made the acquaintance of Richard Cobden, the dis tinguished English statesman, then, about the year 1835, partner in a cotton-printing establishment near Manchester, where he had built up a prosperous business. Mr. Blake at this time bought goods of Mr. Cobden, and had a great admiration for the qualities which later won him such distinction as a legislator and political economist. Mr. Blake gave full adherence to Mr. Cobden's free-trade views, and was always of the opinion that for any country customs duties were only to be justified by the need of revenue. He recognized, however, for the United States that reform in this direction, in justice to large vested interests, must be somewhat gradual ; but he looked confidently to absolute free trade as the true policy for all nations, and he believed that, under such a free interchange of commodities, the United States would soon become cotton manu facturers for the world. Mr. Blake had nine children, of whom the first two died in infancy, and the seventh, Henry Jones Blake, died Oct. 11, 1880. He served as lieutenant in the United States navy during the war of the Rebellion, and had an excellent record in the important engage ments in which he participated. The youngest son, John Welland Blake, bearing the name of his paternal grandfather, died in 1861, aged nearly fifteen years. The other children, three sons and two daughters, are still surviving in the year 1884, and all the sons were for years partners in their father's firms in Bos ton, New York, and London. This , business is still continued by the sons and their associates, selected by Mr. Blake, essentially as established by him. Mr. Blake, after leaving the firm of Edward Clarke & Co., formed a copartnership for the importa tion of dry-goods with Mr. William Almy, under the firm-name of Almy, Blake & Co., and during this time, and subsequently, he continued his frequent passages to Europe, having crossed the Atlantic up wards of eighty times during his life. He next formed a copartnership with the late David Nevins and Edward H. R. Lyman, under the firm- name of George B. Blake & Co., also importers of dry-goods. Mr. Lyman still survives, being a resi- BROOKLINE. 885 dent of Brooklyn, N. Y., and has recently retired from active business after a long and most successful mercantile career in connection with the well-known firm of Messrs. A. A. Low & Brothers, of New York, in the China trade. About the year 1846, Mr. Blake's health, which had always been delicate, failing him, he was obliged to retire from active business, and in the spring of 1847 he bought an estate in Brookline, near Boston, where he resided during the remainder of his life, excepting the winters of the last few years ; these were passed at his home in Boston. During this three or four years' interval in his active business career, Mr. Blake became a director in the Boston and Worcester Railroad Company, and took a most active interest in the affairs of that cor poration, giving much of his time and energy to the development of its growing business. He was one of the very earliest to favor and promote the joining of this railroad with the Western Railroad. The first steps taken by this corporation towards a rail connection with East Boston were chiefly insti gated by Mr. Blake, at a time when few foresaw the prospective growth of the export trade from the West, which his sagacity enabled him to anticipate. The construction of the Brookline Branch of the Boston and Worcester Railroad was also largely due to his energy and foresight. In 1850, Mr. Blake associated himself with Mr. Addison Gilmore, president of the Western (now Boston and Albany) Railroad, and Mr. George Cabot Ward, son of Thomas G. Ward, Boston agent of Messrs. Baring Brothers & Co., of London, for the prosecution of a foreign and domestic banking busi ness. The firm-name was Gilmore, Blake & Ward. Mr. Gilmore dying very suddenly shortly after this firm was established, the name was changed to Blake, Ward & Co., and later to Blake, Howe & Co. At this time his brother, John Rice Blake, came from Brattleborough and joined him as a partner, the firm-name being later changed to Blake Brothers & Co., the three eldest sons joining as partners about the year 1860. One of the leading aims of Mr. Blake throughout his business career was to advance in every possible way the commercial interests of Boston. He was largely instrumental in securing and maintaining the regular visits of the Cunard steamers to that port. During the civil war he was always most warmly interested in the preservation of the Union, and ac tively aided, both with his purse and by personal ser vice, the Sanitary Commission and other organizations for the relief and .welfare of the soldiers. Originally a Whig in politics, and voting for Henry Clay in the Presidential election, Mr. Blake early sym pathized in the views of Garrison, Sumner, and the others who looked upon African slavery in the United States as a barbarism. With many other law-abiding citizens of Massachu setts, his sense of justice was shocked by the enforce ment of the fugitive-slave law in Boston in returning Anthony Burns to servitude. He endeavored to pre vent this, by offering, through a friend, to buy Burns of his owner, who then refused to sell his property at any price. When the State of Massachusetts was rapidly for warding troops for the suppression of the Rebellion, and was incurring a large debt for bounties and other war expenses, the money market had become exceed ingly active, so that the State, for providing money on their notes having a few months to run, paid as high as twelve per cent, per annum. At this time it became necessary for funding its indebtedness that the State should promptly secure some three or four millions of dollars. This was finally done by a sale to Mr. Blake's firm, by Gov ernor Andrew and his Council, of three millions of dollars of five per cent, sterling bonds, and Mr. Blake was appointed by the State authorities agent for the State, with authority to domiciliate the loan with either of several London banking firms selected by him, foremost among whom were the Messrs. Baring and Rothschild. Mr. Blake went at once to London on this mission, but found the time most unfavorable for such negoti ations, the Bank of England having suddenly advanced the rate of interest to ten per cent. He, however? finally succeeded in making arrangements with the Messrs. Baring, through whom the loan was success fully negotiated. Mr. Blake always felt that the deserved high credit of Massachusetts was largely due to the high integrity and strong sense of Governor Andrew, in insisting upon gold for the payment of both principal and in terest of the funded debt of the State throughout the general suspension of specie payments in the United States during the Rebellion. Possessed of a character of unswerving integrity, Mr. Blake stood as an example of the highest com mercial honor, and the many young men whom he- educated during his long business career all testify to the warm interest which he took in lending a helping hand to those who needed his assistance. Devoted and affectionate in his family, it was per haps in the home circle that his character appeared to best advantage, and those who were in the habit HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. of meeting him there will ever cherish the pleasant memories of his sprightly humor and friendly interest. Reverent and devout by temperament, he was a regular attendant upon religious services, and, al-e though he never identified himself with the church by active membership, his whole life testified to his sincere and earnest belief in the truths of Christianity. Mr. Blake died at his residence in Brookline, Aug. 6, 1875, his death resulting from an attack of paral ysis at his office in Boston two days previous. He was interred in the family burial-lot at Mount Au burn Cemetery. His wife died two years before, June 7, 1873, at the Brookline home. EXTRACTS FROM OBITUARY NOTICES PUBLISHED IN THE BOSTON NEWSPAPERS. Boston Globe, Aug. 7, 1875. " George Baty Blake. " The announcement of the death of George Baty Blake, the senior member of the firm of Blake Brothers & Co., bankers, will cause a wide-spread feeling of sorrow in the business and social circles of Boston. It is not often that we are called upon to record the death of a Boston merchant who has quietly and unostentatiously promoted the substantial interests of this city in the effective manner which was characteristic of Mr. Blake. . . . George Baty Blake was a strong man, one whose clearly- defined individuality and indomitable will would have made his power, nerve, and brain felt in any walk in life which he might have chosen. " In both the dry-goods trade and the banking business he was very successful, although through nearly his whole life he labored with the disadvantage of *¦ physical infirmity which would have paralyzed the efforts of men with a weaker will or a less active brain. " What he has done for Boston can hardly be summed up in a few words or particularized in any special manner, since one of the leading aims of his life has always been to advance her interests. He was early a director in the Boston and Albany Railroad, where his ripe judgment and eminent business quali ties were utilized to advance the interests of the road and of Boston. He was also largely instrumental in securing the reg ular visits of the European steamers to this port, and in numer ous ways used his utmost influence to promote Boston's welfare. "During the darkest days of the war Mr. Blake never lost courage, but remained firm in his conviction and hope that the Union would be preserved intact, and he was, in those trying times, ever self-sacrificing, patriotic, and generous in upholding the cause he believed in so thoroughly. " Mr. Blake was a man of the strictest integrity, was upright in all his dealings with men of all classes, and gentlemen who have dealt with and associated with him more or less for a quar ter of a century, or more, speak in the highest terms of his busi ness capacity and fidelity to principle, fairness, and justice. " . . Boston has certainly lost in Mr. Blake one of her most positive, self-reliant, and enterprising business men, — one who achieved where many others failed, and one whose integ rity, industry, and perseverance may well be copied by the younger business men of this city who are coming into the places he and others like him are vacating as the weeks, months, and years pass on.'' Boston Daily Advertiser, Aug. 31, 1875. " The recent removal by death of Mr. George Baty Blake from business circles will turn back the memories of many men over the last fifty years of the commercial history of Boston. "The youngest of nine children of a, highly respectable family in Brattleborough, Vt., he came to Boston in 1821, with nothing but his own exertions to depend upon. "Amid the numerous temptations which a city life offers to young men, he kept himself pure and his moral character free from reproach. " His aspirations were high, and were aided by an innate re finement which distinguished him through life. His manners and bearing were always those of a gentleman, and nothing coarse or vulgar ever found favor with him. " Probably there is no society in the world where the Eng lish language is spoken in which Mr. Blake would not have borne himself with credit. " Of his commercial sagacity there is no need to speak. In the long course of his business career he never failed to meet his engagements promptly, and during the years in which he acted as director of the Boston and Worcester Railroad his judgment, energy, and decision were such as to command the respect of his associates in an unusual degree. "Mr. Blake delighted to select young men, to give them a chance of advancement and to feel that they owed their success to him. " During an acquaintance of nearly thirty years, of which seventeen were passed in close and daily intercourse, the writer of this notice never received from him a harsh or unkind word. " To his inferiors in station he was uniformly kind and cour teous, a fact to which many attached dependants can bear wit ness. "In his family relations he was affectionate almost without limit, and as a father at once indulgent and firm. "Without theological bigotry, Mr. Blake was decidedly a religious man. His attendance at church was regular, and quite as much from pleasure as duty. He has often been heard to speak with emotion of sermons which especially pleased him. His reverence for sacred things, though unostentatious, was real, and any man who acted from conscientious motives was sure of respectful treatment from him. " He professed to be, and we believe was, governed by a sense of responsibility to a higher power. " We are quite sure that his descendants will attach less value to the pecuniary inheritance which devolves upon them than to the memory which they can thus cherish and hold in honor.'' JEREMIAH GRIDLEY. Jeremiah Gridley, or " Jeremy," as he was famil iarly known, or " Uncle Jerry," was born in Roxbury about 1703, and was a brother of Col. Richard Grid- ley, the famous engineer during the Revolutionary war. It has been a source of dispute as to where he died. Tudor, in his life of Otis, says he was a Boston inhabitant and died there. Dr. Eliot, in his biography, says he died in Boston, and further, " that his legal knowledge was unquestionable," and adds that " he died poor because he despised wealth." The records of the town of Brookline say he died there Sept. 10, 1767, aged sixty-four years. He n .>ASJSt*»- BROOKLINE. 887 was a graduate of Harvard College, 1725. In 1731, he became editor of the Rehearsal, a weekly newspaper published in Boston. He was also engaged as an assistant in the grammar school in that town. He studied theology and became a preacher of the gos pel ; afterwards studied law, and became one of the most distinguished lawyers of his day. He had a very accurate and extensive knowledge of his profes sion, of great ability, an easy and graceful writer, and was fully imbued with the spirit of classical lit erature. He had a very extensive and well-selected library of classical works, and was familiar with their contents. He acquired a great reputation in his pro fession, and is now alluded to as the " Webster of his day." He had a powerful, clear, and discriminating mind. As a speaker, he was exceedingly rough, un graceful, hesitating in his manner, but energetic and impressive in his peculiarly emphatic use of language, and when addressing the court his manner is said to have been rather magisterial than otherwise. The records of Brookline bear witness of the fre quency with which her citizens called him into posi tions of trust and importance, and from 1755 to the year of his death he was often moderator of their town-meetings, and was their representative to the General Court in 1755-57 and 1767. He was elected selectman and assessor in 1760-61 and 1767. He was also one of the committee having in charge the Edward Devotion fund, left for the schools of the town of Brookline. In 1742 he was chosen attorney-general of the province for one year, and in 1767 he was appointed to the same office by the Governor and Council. Besides his civil offices, he was a colonel in the First Massachusetts Militia, which included Brook line. In 1743 the American Magazine and Historical Chronicle was started, and it is said Mr. Gridley was the editor. His eminence, in his profession rendered his office a favorite place of resort for students, and some of the most distinguished lawyers in Massachusetts re ceived their professional education under his instruc tion, among whom may be mentioned Chief Justice Pratt, James Otis, Oxenbridge Thacher, and William Cushing. Mr. Gridley was ranked with the Whig party of that day, but having argued the cause of Writs of Assistance, he lost the confidence of his political friends. John Adams was presented to the court at Boston for admission to the bar, and, on the motion of Mr. Gridley and his recommendation, he was admitted. Mr. Gridley was a prominent member of the Masonic fraternity, having been a Master in the First Lodge, May 11, 1748, and its Grand Master Oct. 11, 1754. Mr. Gridley was a man of fine social qualities, and beloved by all those connected with him by social or domestic ties. CAPT. RUFUS GEORGE FREDERICK CANDAGE. Capt. Rufus George Frederick Candage, the sub ject of this sketch, was the son of Samuel Roundy and Phebe Weir (Parker) Candage, born in Blue Hill, Me., July 28, 1826. The name of Candage was orig inally " Cavendish," and later " Candish," and now Candage. Among the early settlers of Massachu setts we find John Candage a ship-carpenter and landed proprietor at Charlestown, Mass., in 1660, afterwards at Marblehead, Salem, and Lynn, in all of which towns this name appears. At Marblehead, Mass., in 1691, Thomas Candage was engaged in the fishery business. All of this name are descendants of the early name of Cavendish, of good old English blood. In 1766, James Candage, Jr., first settled in Blue Hill, Me. His father, James, and wife, Eliza beth, soon followed, in 1769, and took up his residence at that place. James, Jr., was born May 9, 1753; married Han nah (born Aug. 4, 1753), daughter of John Roundy, who also settled at Blue Hill in 1762. He died in 1818; she died in March, 1851. He, with Joseph Wood, and their families, all of Beverly, Mass., became the first white settlers of Blue Hill. The children of James, Jr., and Hannah (Roundy) Can dage were: (1) Elizabeth, born Sept. 16, 1775; (2) Gideon, born March 17, 1778, died Oct. 26, 1782 ; (3) Samuel Roundy, born Jan. 15, 1781 ; Phebe Weir Parker ; (4) Gideon, born Aug. 18, 1783 ; (5) Sarah, born Jan. 4, 1786; (6) James, born April 30, 1788, died Aug. 1, 1798 ; (7) Azor, born April 8, 1791 ; (8) John, born Dec. 21, 1793, died Dec. 20, 1798. Samuel Roundy Candage, the father of Capt. Can dage, married, Feb. 29, 1816, Phebe Weir, daughter of Simeon and Mary (Perkins) Parker, and grand daughter of Hon. Oliver Parker, of Castine, Me., a judge of the Court of Common Pleas from 1800 to 1815, who was a native of Worcester, Mass., 1728. The children of this marriage were : (1) Simeon Parker, born Nov. 21, 1816, died Dec. 31, 1842 ; lost at sea; (2) John Walker, born March 15, 1818, died April 20, 1822 ; (3) James Roundy, born April 8, i 1819, died at Fortune Island, one of the Bahamas, HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. Nov. 14, 1856 ; (4) Samuel Parker Brooks, born Jan. 25, 1821, died Sept. 1, 1826; (5) Robert Parker, born Oct. 26, 1822, died Jan. 30, 1878 ; (6) Dorothy Perkins, born Feb. 16, 1825, died Aug. 28, 1826; (7) Rufus George Frederick, born July 28, 1826; (8) Samuel Franklin, born Jan. 21, 1828, died May 7, 1863, at Honolulu, Sandwich Islands ; (9) John Brooks, born June 24, 1829, died July 23, 1870, at Australia; (10) Mary Perkins, born Aug. 12, 1831, died Sept. 4, 1831 ; (11) Hannah Roundy, born Aug. 12, 1831, died Sept. 4, 1831; (12) Charles Edward, born April 20, 1833, died April 14, 1862, at Honolulu, Sandwich Islands. The father died Dec. 23, 1852. The mother died Oct. 2, 1850. Of this large family, the subject of this notice is the only one living. Seven of these children grew to manhood, and became commanders of vessels in the merchant service. Capt. R. G. F. Candage married, first, Elizabeth Augusta, born Jan. 17, 1829, daughter of Elijah, Jr., and Mary (Richards) Corey, of Brook line, Mass., May 1, 1853. The wife died Nov. 18, 1871. He married, second, Ella M., daughter of Benjamin and Sarah K. (Hall) White, of Revere, Mass., May 22, 1873. Children: (1) George Fred erick Candage, born May 25, 1874 ; (2) Ella Augusta Candage, born Nov. 1, 1875 ; (3) Phebe Teresa Can dage, born Oct. 12, 1877 ; (4) Robert Brook Can dage, born Dec. 23, 1878 ; (5) Sarah Hall Candage, born Dec. 25, 1880, deceased ; (6) Sarah Caroline Candage, born Feb. 2, 1882. Capt. Candage passed the first twelve years of his life on his father's farm and in tending the saw-mill near by, attending school three months in the sum mer and two or three months in the winter. Upon arriving at the age of twelve, his father requiring his services in the mill and on the farm, he had to eon- tent himself with three months' schooling in the year for five years, to which were added two terms in the Blue Hill Academy, and that completed his early education. His father having been a mariner in his early life, and all his older brothers following the sea, he chose the same occupation, and determined on seeing the world. When he arrived at eighteen he started on his career for life as a mariner, sailing between Boston and ports of Maine, and gradually going farther from home, all along the whole coast of the United States, visiting all the principal ports. We soon find our young friend engaging in longer voyages, and to foreign countries, and in course of time his old friends built a vessel for him, a brig, named the " Equator." It was while at home at this time that his mother died quite suddenly. The first voyage of our young captain was from Blue Hill to Boston, with a cargo of paving-blocks. This was at the age of twenty-four. From thence he commenced on foreign voyages, the first being to Valparaiso, Chili, Jan. 18, 1851. He has made three voyages around the world; eight voyages round Cape Horn to the westward, and five to the eastward, making thirteen times both ways that he has doubled that cape. He has made several voyages to San Francisco, three to Callao and the Chinchas, three to China, two to Australia, three to India, etc. In all he has sailed over three hundred thousand miles of ocean. The following vessels are some he has sailed in : Sloops, "Fame," "Pink," and "Credit;" schooners, " Passamaquoddy," " Edward," " Zodiac," and " Zu- lette;" half-brigs, " Curacoa," "Delhi," " Tavella," and " Equator ;" square-rigged brig, " Pioneer ;" bark, "Chesapeake;" ships, " Kentucky," "Java," "Iowa," " Hoogly," " Wizard," " Jamestown," " Electric Spark," and " National Eagle." The ports visited and voyages made by Capt. Can dage during his quarter of a century of sea-life are as follows : Ports in Maine — Blue Hill, Orland, Calais, East- port, East Tbomaston, St. George, Boothbay, Port land, etc., and Portsmouth, N. H. Ports in Massachusetts. — Gloucester, Salem, Dan vers, Beverly, Boston. Other Ports in United States. — New York, Phila delphia, Baltimore, Alexandria, Va., Hampton Roads, Norfolk, Charleston, S. C, Mobile, and New Orleans, and Sisal, in Yucatan. Ports in the West Indies. — Bermuda, St. Martin, Cardenas, Cuba, Kingston, Falmouth, and Montego Bay, Jamaica. Mediterranean Ports. — Gibraltar, Malaga, Port Mahon. European Ports. — Cork, Liverpool, London, Leith, Newcastle, Shields, Glasgow, etc., Cherbourg, and Havre. South American Ports. — Rio de Janeiro, Monte video, Valparaiso, Callao, and Chincha Islands, Pisco. Northwest Coast of America. — San Francisco, Port Townsend, Port Ludlow, and Port Gamble, Puget Sound. Oceanica. — Sandwich Island, Baker's Island, and in Australia, Adelaide and Melbourne. China.— Shanghai, Tsung-Ming, Woo-Sung, Hong- Kong, Whampoa, Canton. India. — Angie, Java, Calcutta, and Bombay. Many of these ports were visited several times. The last voyage made at sea as commander was in the ship " National Eagle," of which he was part BROOKLINE. 889 owner, arriving in Boston from Liverpool, England, in May, 1867. He gave up seafaring life and be came a resident of Brookline, June 1, 1867, where he now resides. Capt. Candage has frequently been elected to fill offices of trust and responsibility, and still holds several public positions. He was elected a member of Doric Lodge, F. and A. M., New York City, 1853 ; member of American Shipmasters' Association, 1861 ; Boston Marine Society, 1867 ; president of the same, 1883. The same year was treasurer of Boston Fire- Brick and Clay Retort Manufacturing Company. In 1873 elected president of the same; 1868, marine inspector of the " Record of American and Foreign Shipping." The same year appointed marine in spector by the Boston Board of Marine Underwriters ; held that office ten years. In 1871 chosen member of the school committee of Brookline for five years (three years chairman) ; also trustee of Public Library. In 1872 elected assessor of town of Brookline, and declined. In 1876, one of the managers of Boston Port and Seaman's Aid Society ; resigned in 1883. In 1877 was elected a member of the New England Historic Genealogical Society ; regent of the Saga more Council, Royal Arcanum, of Brookline. In 1880-82, selectman of Brookline. In 1881, treas urer of Boston Seaman's Bethel Relief Society, and president of Boston Terra Cotta Company ; president of Massachusetts Safety Fund Association. In 1882- 83, representative to the General Court from Brook line ; was on Committee on Harbors and Public Lauds, and Committee on Rules. In December, 1882, he was appointed surveyor for the Bureau Veritas of Pans, France, for district of Massachusetts and Bhode Is land. In January, 1883, the last official act of Gov ernor Long was to appoint Capt. Candage a justice of the peace; 1883, president of the Boston Marine Society. He has always been interested in matters of public improvements, and in the general welfare of the com munity, having often presided as moderator of town- meetings, chairman of the Republican town com mittee for eight years, and being a member of the Republican State Central Committee from Second Norfolk District, beside delegate to many State, Congressional, county, councillor, and senatorial con ventions. In 1877-79 he was W. M. of Beth-Horan Lodge of F. and A. M., of Brookline, and since that time Chaplain. Being a member of the Baptist Church, he has held several offices in the same. He is now a member of the Thursday Literary Club. For seven years he has been a director of the Franklin Fire In surance Company of Boston. In Maroh, 1884. he was elected assessor of the town of Brookline. COL. THOMAS ASPINWALL. Col. Thomas Aspinwall, the son of Dr. William and Susanna (Gardner) Aspinwall, was born on the old " Aspinwall homestead," in Brookline, Mass., — which has been in that family since 1650, — May 23, 1786. He received his early education at the common schools of that town, and fitted for college at Leicester Academy. He entered Harvard College as a sopho more in 1801, in the same class with his brother, Dr. William Aspinwall, Jr., who became a physician, but died when a young man, in 1818. He took his degree of A.B. in 1804, and received the high honor of Latin salutatory at commencement. Three years later he delivered the Latin oration on receiving the de°ree of A.M. Immediately upon graduating he entered the law-office of William Sullivan, Esq., in Boston, and in due time was admitted to the Suffolk bar, and became the law partner of Mr. Sullivan. It was about this time he became a member of the " Independent Cadets" of Boston. This corps was in constant training, as war had been threatened long before 1812. Immediately after Madison's war procla mation was issued, Col. Aspinwall, who was then adju tant with the rank of captain, applied for a commis sion in the army of the United States, and was soon appointed a major of the Ninth Regiment of Infantry, which he was largely instrumental in recruiting and in its efficiency of training exercise. With this regi ment he entered the service, and served his country manfully, faithfully, and gallantly. He was in several actions. He was at Sackett's Harbor in 1813, and for his bravery there he was brevetted lieutenant-colonel. On the 10th of August, 1814, when the British assaulted Fort Erie, Col. Aspinwall commanded " Scott's Brigade," and on the memorable 17th of September following he led Miller's column at the storming of the British intrenchments. It was on this occasion that he lost his left arm. The volunteers of the year 1813 from what are now the four Bridgewaters, Easton, Stoughton, Can ton, and Sharon, all enlisted in Col. Aspinwall's regiment, and whenever any of the soldiers talked ovct the matters of the battles of that year and Col. Aspinwall's name was mentioned, their countenances would brighten, and all bore ample testimony to his bravery as a soldier and to his great ability as an officer. He outlived all the soldiers in his command. It is said that at the battle of Sackett's Harbor the 890 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. British troops were veterans, and that, knowing Col. Aspinwall's regiment and the other regiments were new levies, they determined to frighten them from their position taken in some new log barracks in an open space near the town, and for that purpose the British troops marched up to the new levies and made desperate efforts to dislodge them, and the battle was fought for more than an hour by a portion of both armies discharging their muskets in each other's faces. During this action neither Col. Aspinwall nor his men budged an inch. The stentorian voice of their leader could be heard encouraging his men amid the roar of musketry almost in his face and eyes. Peace was soon after declared, the army was re duced, but Col. Aspinwall was tendered a permanent position ; but considering the life of a soldier in time of peace an indolent life, and the only service being on the frontier, he decided to retire to active civil life. He therefore resigned his commission and re turned to the practice of his profession. Soon after he had re-established himself he was appointed consul and agent of claims at London, in June, 1815, and immediately entered upon the duties of that consulate January 1st following. He con tinued to perform the duties of that office with exem plary fidelity and to the acceptance of all whose duties required his agency, until the 2d day of August, 1853, when President Franklin Pierce called him home without assigning any reason, but which really was to make room for one of his political friends. During the interval of time in which he was in office it was pleasant to mark the universal respect and cordial good will which existed towards him. In 1854 he returned to America and took up his residence in Boston, where he resided till his death. Previous to his leaving London, Messrs. Baring Brothers & Company, George Peabody, Nathan Meyer, Rothschild & Sons, and thirty-three other firms and individuals presented Col. Aspinwall a token of their regard and respect in an elegant service of "plate, ac companied by the following letter : " Dear Sir, — Having been informed that you are about to return to your native country, we cannot allow you to depart without offering you the expression of our sincere esteem and regard ; and we avail ourselves of the occasion to tender you our best thanks for your uniform courtesy and kindness in all our intercourse with you during a long period, in which you have filled the important post of consul-general in this city. "You have administered the arduous duties of your office with dignity, ability, and integrity unimpeached ; you have lent a willing and patient attention to appeals for relief in all oases of distress, granting freely your counsel and your money, inviting others to aid you when needful. Wishing to mark our sense of your merits and of the efficiency with which you have discharged your duties by some lasting memorial, we request your acceptance of a service of plate ; and permit us at the same time to offer our best wishes for the future health and happiness of yourself and of your family. " Loxdon, December, 1853." Col. Aspinwall was not only a venerable patriot and learned in military science, but was well versed in the history of the. country, and was always ready to communicate his information to others. He was an active and useful member of the Massachusetts Historical Society, having been elected a correspond ing member during his residence in London, in July, 1833, and soon after his return home, in 1855, he was chosen a resident member. At the time of his death he had been connected with this society longer than any other member. He served the society on the standing committee for four years, and was one of the publishing committee during the publishing of three volumes of their collections. He was vice-president from 1862 to 1870. During his resident member ship he made valuable contributions to the collections of the society, such as the papers on the Narragan sett Patent, and on William Vassall, also his tribute to his much cherished friend, Gen. Winfield Scott, on the occasion of his death. In the ninth and tenth volumes of the fourth series of the society's collections may be found a large col lection of valuable material gathered during his resi dence in England, entitled " The Aspinwall Papers," which will ever keep his name in fresh remembrance in the minds of his friends and the public. These were edited and annotated after he had reached his eighty-fifth year. Upon the breaking out of the Rebellion in 1861 he tendered his services to Gen. Scott, at the age of seventy-five, which were not accepted, but during the progress of the war he ever manifested a lively in terest in, and kept himself informed of, all that was going on, — the movement of the armies, etc. The following resolution was passed by the Massa chusetts Historical Society in testimony of the respect with which he was regarded by that learned body : "Resolved, That in the death of the venerable Thomas Aspin wall this society has lost one of its oldest and most respected members, to whom we are indebted for important and valuable services, and whose memory is worthy of being cherished as that of a gallant soldier in his youth, a faithful public servant abroad in his manhood, and a useful and patriotic citizen at home in his more'advanced years." In January, 1873, Col. Aspinwall's health began to give way to infirmity, although he was seen daily on the streets of Boston for exercise, but recognizing scarcely any one outside of his family, and remember ing but little or nothing of things of the past. His sickness was but of a short duration, only four BROOKLINE. 891 days and a half was he confined to his bed. His last hours were so calm and peaceful that one could hardly notice when he breathed his last. He died on Friday, the 11th day of August, 1876, at his residence, 33 Hancock Street, Boston, aged ninety years, two months, and nineteen days. His funeral took place at St. Paul's Episcopal Church, in Brookline, on Monday following his death, at four o'clock in the afternoon. The church was well filled with relatives and friends from Boston and elsewhere, and, by prom inent citizens of the town generally. The funeral services were conducted by the Rev. J. G. Littell, of Wilmington, Del., in the absence of the pastor. Immediately upon the conclusion of the service at the church the body, which was placed in an elegant casket, was taken in charge by the follow ing pall-bearers: Hon. George Tyler Bigelow, ex- chief justice of the Supreme Court of Massachusetts; Maj.-Gen. H. W. Benham, United States army ; Hon. Josiah Quincy, Hon. Leverett Saltonstall, Amos A. Lawrence, Esq., and Samuel S. Shaw, Esq. The remains are in the family lot in " Walnut Hills" Cemetery, Brookline. DR. WILLIAM ASPINWALL. The subject of this notice was the son of Thomas and Joanna (Gardner) Aspinwall, born in Brookline, May 23, 1743, on the farm where five generations of the name have lived, which building is now standing, and is owned by one of the Aspinwall family, a name sake of the doctor. The old house is but a short distance from the spot where Peter the ancestor resided for a short time 'during the building of this house, and is on an avenue named in honor of the family. Dr. Aspinwall fitted for college under the direction of Rev. Amos Adams, pastor of the " First Church in Roxbury," entered college in 1760, and graduated in 1764, receiving his degrees of Master and Bachelor of Arts in their usual order. Among his classmates we may mention Bishop Parker, Governor Strong, of Massachusetts, and Shearjashub Bourne, a member of Congress. Immediately upon leaving college, having decided on the medical profession as one for which he had a decided preference, he entered the office of, and pursued his studies with, the justly and highly-celebrated Dr. Benjamin Gale, of Killing- worth, Conn., completing his education at the hospital in Philadelphia, where he received the degree of doctor of medicine in the University of Pennsylvania about 1768. He attended a course of medical lec tures in that city in the winter of 1768-69. It will here be remembered that the first course of anatom ical lectures ever given in this country were delivered only four years previous to that time, in that city, by Dr. William Shippen. The following .certificate from Dr. Shippen shows the estimation of the ability of Dr. Aspinwall : " This may Certify, that Mr. William Aspinwall has attended with uncommon diligence my course of Lectures on Anatomy and Surgery, also my course of midwifery, which, added to his close attention to all the other medical lectures, and to the prac tice of the Pennsylvania Hospital, has amply fitted him to practice physic, surgery, and midwifery with credit and repu tation. I can with pleasure add, that he promises fair, by his irreproachable conduct since his arrival in Philadelphia, to be in every other respect a useful and agreeable member of society. "Philadelphia, 27 May, 1769." Professors Kuhn and Morgan are no less explicit in their commendations. The following certificate of Professor William Bond also confirms the foregoing opinions, after Mr. Aspinwall's attendance upon his course of clinical lectures : " He has, on these and many other occasions, given tne so many proofs of his capacity, assiduity, and improvement in the healing arts, that I with pleasure give him this testimonial of my esteem and affection ; and do hereby recommend him, on my good faith, to the publick, as a judicious young physician and surgeon, who has taken indefatigable pains in acquiring a knowledge of the different branches of his profession." Having completed his course of medical studies and attendance on lectures in Philadelphia, he re turned to his native town, and immediately com menced a course of successful practice at the age of twenty-six, which soon extended far and wide, often requiring a journey of forty miles to visit his patients. These he usually performed on horseback, carrying his medicines in saddle-bags, — a custom in early days, when apothecary-shops were not as numerous as they are to-day. At the breaking out of the war of the Revolution an enthusiastic impulse seized upon the doctor to such a decree that all personal and professional considera tions were lost or forgotten in that all-absorbing and patriotic sentiment which had led thousands to rally to the country's rescue. Being young, ardent, and patriotic, he went with the Brookline men, "not standing on the order of their going," not by the road, but by the shortest way, as the bee flies, across fields, jumping fences, and over the river, and were soon in Cambridge, and joined those who saw the enemy safe in Charlestown. In the skirmish at Cam bridge the doctor was actively engaged in the combat. In this skirmish Capt. Isaac Gardner was killed, pierced by twelve bullets and bayonet wounds. On Dr. Aspinwall's return to Cambridge, he sought and found the body of Capt. Gardner, and had it carried 892 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. from the field to his afflicted family, which consisted of a wife and eight children. Dr. Aspinwall early applied for a commission in the army, but his personal friend, Dr. Joseph Warren, afterwards Maj.-Gen. Warren, dissuaded him from this pursuit, and he finally decided to serve his country in the medical department. He was appointed surgeon in Gen. Heath's brigade, and very soon became deputy di rector in the hospital at Jamaica Plain. His appointment as surgeon of the hospital at Roxbury by the Congress of the colony of Massa chusetts Bay bears the autograph of James Warren, president, and is dated at Watertown, June 28, 1775. On the 19th day of August, 1775, he was surgeon to St. Thomas' Hospital, otherwise known as " Amer ican Hospital." The deep personal interest which he took in the war between the two nations acting upon a mind deeply imbued with a sense of his country's wrongs, gave strength and tone to his sentiments that were of immense value to him in the later part of his life. Dr. Aspinwall's language on political subjects was bold and strong, his creed being that of a Democratic- Republican. In the unhappy scenes of party excite ment he not only unwaveringly adhered to what he deemed original and fundamental principles, but he aimed to preserve a good conscience, and to do jus tice to the honest opinions, the pure motives, and un doubted integrity of his opponents. He was not a political persecutor, and when he was in the councils of the State resolutely declined acting with his coad jutors, who were disposed to drive from office incum bents whose only fault was what they deemed politi cal heresy. Soon after the death of Dr. Zabdiel Boylston, also a native of Brookline, that eminent and distinguished physician and first inoculator of smallpox in America, Dr. Aspinwall established himself in that undertaking, and erected hospitals for that purpose on his own estate, one of which has been standing within the memory of a person now living in this town. One of these pest-hospitals was on the left-hand side of As pinwall Avenue, between Toxteth Street and the rail road bridge. Another was near to the corner of Perry Street and the same avenue. He was very success ful in his treatment of cases of this disorder, and his fame soon spread to a great distance. His practice was the inoculation of the genuine article of small pox virus, so as to bring about the disease by design, and have it treated scientifically, instead of awaiting in expectation of receiving it, and being in constant dread and fear of the contagion. Probably there was no physician iu the United States who had inocu lated so many persons as Dr. Aspinwall, and no one who had acquired such a celebrity in the treatment of this malignant disease. In 1788 the doctor was allowed to keep an open hospital by vote of the town, as appears by the following : " Voted, that Docf William Aspinwall have Liberty and he is hereby Granted Liberty to continue Inoculating with the Small Pox as Usual." To this hospital large numbers resorted, and from which they returned with warm expressions of satis faction. Dr. Aspinwall continued in the successful treat ment of this disease till the introduction of vaccine inoculation by Dr. Waterhouse, of Cambridge. He had made ample accommodation for an enlarged prac tice, and established what might have been justly deemed a sure foundation for prosperity when vac cine inoculation was first introduced. He well knew that if vaccination possessed the virtues ascribed to it his schemes of fortune and usefulness arising from in oculation were at an end, he should be involved in a loss, and his anticipations of a fortune be blasted. But as an honest man and faithful physician, he deemed it his duty to inquire into the efficacy of the novel sub stitute. With the utmost alacrity, therefore, he gave the experiment a fair trial, promptly acknowledged its efficacy, and relinquished his own establishment. An article published in the Medical Intelligencer from Dr. Benjamin Waterhouse well illustrates the honesty of Dr. Aspinwall, which is as follows: "The late Dr. Aspinwall, a man of great sagacity, and un commonly well grounded in the principles of his profession, gave evidence of it on the first sight of a vaccine pustule. I had invited all the elder physicians of Boston and the vicinity of Cambridge to see the first vaccine pustules ever raised in the New World. They gave them the ordinary inspection of an un usual eruption on the skin ; all but Dr. Aspinwall, whose atten tion was riveted on the pustule, its areola and efflorescence. He came a second time, and viewed the inoculated part in every light, and reviewed it, and seemed loath to leave the sight of it. He seemed wrapped in serious thought, and said repeat edly, 'This pustule is so like smallpox, and yet it is not small pox, that, should it, on scabbing, take out a part of the true skin, so as to leave an indelible mark or pit behind, I shall be ready to conclude that it is a mild species of smallpox, hitherto unknown here.' " He had been in the habit of examining the smallpox pimple and pustule through glasses, to see if it had taken, and he re marked that they were peculiar, unique, and unlike any erup tion he ever saw, but this kine pock came the nearest to them. Some time after I gave him a portion of the virus, to make his own experiments and observe the progress of its inooulation and coincidence of the constitutional symptoms, when he ob served that its progress, febrile affection, and mode of scabbing were very like smallpox, and so of the indelible mark left on the arm, yet throughout the whole visible affection different. To crown the whole of his honorable conduct, he, some time after, took all those of my family whom I had vaccinated into BROOKLINE. 893 his smallpox hospital, the only licensed one in the State, and there tested them to his satisfaction, and one to the verge of rigid experiment, and then he said to me and to others, 'This new inoculation of yours is no sham. As a man of humanity I rejoice in it, although it will take from me a handsome annual income.' His conduct throughout was so strongly marked with superior intelligence, generosity, and honor as to excite my es teem and respect, and I accordingly dedicate this effusion of gratitude to the memory of the Hon. William Aspinwall, M.D., a gentleman, respectable in public life as a counselor, and an honor to his profession as a physician." Of Dr. Aspinwall's religious life it may with truth be said he was always religious, and at an early age made a public profession of religion, and was always present at public worship, unless professional duties prevented. He was ever ready to impart religious as well as medical counsel at the bed of sickness, and for his holy faith he always had the most profound respect. Under bereavement, infirmity, or sickness, his religious principles yielded him firm support and buoyed him above the vicissitudes of life. During a confinement of several of the last years of his life, when deprived of his sight, the religion of Jesus Christ was his sup port and consolation. It was the theme of his dis course, and he considered his testimony in its favor the best legacy he could leave to his children. Dr. Aspinwall was endowed with a strong intellect and a resoluteness that shrunk from no labor or duty. He was an example of perseverance amidst untoward circumstances and of accommodating them to his pe culiar situation. To young physicians his example holds out encouragement, that economy, integrity, constant industry, and unremitting study of his pro fession will finally succeed, and bring reputation and competence. Few men in any profession have sacri ficed so small a portion of their lives to pleasure or to inaction as he. His was a life of incessant toil. As an instance of his devotion to his professional business is the following anecdote by a friend. One day, on returning home from a round of visits, he found at his table one of his college mates, whom he had not seen since they were at Cambridge together, and whom he could probably never meet again. In the midst of their delightful intercourse a message came for Dr. Aspinwall to visit a sick person ten miles distant. Without the least delay he took leave of his friend, mounted his horse, and hastened away. Says one who knew him well, — " I have a clear recollection of my terror when, sixty-four years ago, a very old man, with but one eye,— he seemed to be a very old man, though he was but fifty then— came towards me, with a little glittering weapon in his hand, as I sat in my nurse's lap. I had the promise of a cake of gingerbread if I behaved well, and so I sat still and suffered him to make a little incision in my arm. I had been carried from Boston to Brookline to be inoculated for the smallpox at the hospital there, and there we were to remain for several weeks, until the affair was well over, when, after having been thoroughly smoked and purified, we were again to go forth into the world. " These associations were but short-lived, however, for this old man with but one eye really seemed to see farther into the hearts of little people than most of people who have two, and to have a master-key to their very souls. He carried me in his arms about his farm, and showed me his calves and pigs and poultry ; told me some very plea9ant stories, and gave me a puppy ; in short, I became so fond of him that I asked my mother to say to him that he might inoculate me as often as he had a mind to; and when at last the time of our departure arrived, and we had been smoked all around, and he kissed me as he put me into the carriage, I bawled out loud ; and I truly believe the good old gentlemen was gratified by this unmistaka ble evidence of my affection." He further adds : " My recollections of Brookline do not quadrate with its pres ent appearance ; my reminiscences of it are of groves, and lawns, and orchards, and some noble elms around the preparatory, as it was called, — more trees and fewer houses. " Upon the whole, my recollections of Brookline and of my residence at the hospital are very pleasant, and the impression of all I saw aud heard must have been forcibly made ; for by the assistance of a sort of Swedenborgian memory I can get up a, very respectable resurreetion of Dr. William Aspinwall at any time, just as he stood bending benignantly over me sixty-four years ago. I must have had rather a severe time of it, fori was blinded by the disease for more than a fortnight ; during which my principal distress arose from my inability to see my new puppy. The good doctor often sat by m.v side and com forted me, telling me that I was much better off than he was, for in a very few days I should certainly sec again as well as before with both of my eyes, but that one of his was closed forever. "Dr. Aspinwall was about six feet in height, strongly built, and without any tendency to corpulency, even in his latter days. When a boy he entirely lost the use of his right eye in a manner which it may be well for young people to compre hend and remember. He had drawn his arrow to the head, when the notch escaping from the bow-string, the weapon was forced backward into his right eye, and utterly destroyed that orfan. When I first saw him his left eye was perfect. But in his old age he was even deprived of the sight of the remaining eve by disease. His powers of vision were undoubtedly im paired by the too excessive use of his only eye, to such an ex tent that it brought on a disease which terminated in a cataract and deprived him of his sight. A few years previous to his death Dr. Nathan Smith, a professor in the medical schools at Yale, Dartmouth, and Bowdoin Colleges attempted to remove the cataract, but was unsuccessful, and thus the glimmering light that remained was totally extinguished. This calamity he endured with that characteristic resignation for which this excellent Christian had ever been remarkable under all and every trial of his life. He considered it a merciful dispensation in his Maker to suspend his labors and give him leisure and op portunity, which during a very active life he had too seldom enjoyed, for religious reflection and preparation for death. By a daily exercise of body and mind he preserved both in full vi"or. His curiosity about public events and daily occur rences continued, and some of his last thoughts were upon his country, its prosperity, its improvement, its distinguished men, its relation with foreign powers. He was anxious that wise and o-ood men should bear sway in our land, and that the intel lectual, benevolent, and religious institutions received from our forefathers should be perpetuated." 894 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. While his professional duties consumed so much of his time, he was also not unmindful of what was doing in his native town, the birthplace and place of burial of so many of his kindred. He devoted time to its interests, and the records of the town abound in evi dence of the respect and confidence reposed in him, by electing him to various positions of honor and re sponsibility in the gift of the town. He represented the town of Brookline in the State Legislature several years, and was thrice elected State senator for Norfolk County, beside having been called to advise in the Council of the State of Massachusetts. He was so licited to become one of the justices of the Court of Common Pleas, but declined the honor, and retired from public employment. He was a justice of the peace throughout the commonwealth, and member of the Massachusetts Medical Society. In each position he was faithful to his constituents and to the public weal, as well as unwavering in his political creed. In 1788, Dr. Aspinwall purchased forty acres of land of Benjamin White, including the prominent and high hill on the south side of Washington Street, upon which he erected the present mansion-house in 1803, and the same has been occupied by his children and grandchildren since his decease, and is now in possession of his grandson and namesake, Hon. Wil liam Aspinwall. At the time the doctor purchased this estate there were but few houses in sight where now they may be counted by dozens. At the lower slope of the hill there formerly stood an old house owned and occupied by Francis Blanchard, the first sexton of the " Brookline Meeting-House," when there was but one in the town. On the 16th day of April, 1823, he peacefully sur rendered all that was near and dear to him on earth and departed to dwell in a mansion on high. WILLIAM ASPINWALL. William' Aspinwall, the son of Col. Thomas and Louisa Elizabeth (Poignard) Aspinwall, was born in London, England, Feb. 16, 1819. Educated in a private boarding-school at Hammersmith, near Lon don, till nearly fourteen years of age; passed a few months at William Well's school in Cambridge, Mass. ; entered Harvard College August, 1834, graduated A.B., 1838 ; entered the " Dane" Law School the same year ; studied law two years ; took the degree of LL.B.; was one year in the law-office of Hon. Franklin Dexter and George William Phillips ; admitted to the Suffolk bar in 1841 ; became a resident of Brookline in 1847; married, Jan. 11, 1848, Arixeoe Southgate Porter, third daughter of Richard King Porter, of Portland, Me. (who was a nephew of Rufus King, United States senator from Massachusetts, and after wards from New York, and minister to Great Britain). Mr. Aspinwall was town clerk of Brookline, 1850 and 1851 ; representative to the General Court, 1851-52; delegate to the Constitutional Convention in 1853 ; senator from Norfolk County in 1854; trial justice, 1857-60; resigned in 1860; trustee of the Public Library, 1858-75, 1878, 1884; assessor, 1870, re elected 1871, and declined; selectman, 1871-72; water commissioner, 1873. EDWIN GROVER. Edwin Grover, son of Simeon and Abigail (Hagar) Grover, was born in Newton, Mass., March 24, 1835. His early education was in the public schools of the town, Phillips Academy, Andover, Mass., and Kim ball Academy, Meriden, N. H., from which he entered Harvard College in the class of 1857, from which he graduated with high rank. Soon after graduating he taught school in Jamaica Plain one year, studied law, and was admitted to the bar in May, 1859, and to the New York bar in December following. During his leisure hours in that city he occupied his leisure time writing editorially for the New York Times and the Philadelphia Inquirer, and with private pupils. On his twenty-fifth birthday, March 24, 1860, he mar ried Anna M., daughter of Thomas and Julia A. (Hathaway) Porter, of Lawrence, Mass., formerly of Taunton, Mass. In August, 1861, returning to Massachusetts, he selected Corey Hill as a place of residence, on which he erected the first house built on that eminence. The place is now owned and occu pied by George F. Fabyan. This place Mr. Grover began to occupy in February, 1862, and immediately commenced upon the successful practice of his pro fession in Boston. In the early part of 1863 he was appointed trial justice for the county of Norfolk, and entered upon its duties immediately. He had a large and lucrative practice, and enjoyed the confidence of the citizens of Brookline and vicinity, and was fast gaining in popularity as an able and successful lawyer. Among his clients were the extensive boot and shoe house of T. and E. Bachellor & Co., of Boston, for whom he, on the 14th day of December, 1863, started on a journey to the South and West to collect and adjust settlements amounting to several hundred thousand dollars. When at Duvall's Bluff, Ark., on White River, on his way to Little Rock, he was taken suddenly ill with congestion of the liver, where, after an illness of three or four days, he died, Jan. 29, 1864, on board the steamer " Polar Star." HYDE PARK. 895 CHAPTER LXX. HYDE PARK. BY EDMUND DAVIS. Hyde Park lies in the eastern part of the county, and is about seven miles from the State-House in Boston. It is bounded on the north by the part of Boston which formerly constituted the town of West Roxbury, on the east by the part of Boston which was formerly Dorchester, on the southeast and south by Milton, and on the west by Dedham. Two lines of railroad — the Boston and Providence, and the New York and New England — run through it, being about one and one-third miles apart where they enter the town on the northeast, and gradually approaching and crossing each other on the southwest, near the Dedham line. There are seven stations within the limits of the town, four on the Boston and Provi dence Railroad, and three on the New York and New England Railroad. The Neponset River flows through the town in a course approximately parallel with the railroads, part of the way forming the bound ary between it and Milton. Mother Brook, a water course partly a stream and partly a canal, leading from the Charles River, enters the town on the west and empties into the Neponset near the centre of the town. Further natural drainage is afforded by a small brook running toward the northeast and emp tying into Stony Brook, which has given our neighbors of Boston so much trouble and expense. The area of the town is two thousand eight hun dred acres, of which about two hundred acres are devoted to streets or ways. This fact argues a pretty close settlement, which is, indeed, the case, there being twelve hundred and sixty-five houses, containing up wards of eight thousand inhabitants. The surface of the land is somewhat diversified by hill and plain ; enough so to please the eye, without causing much inconvenience to road-makers or builders. None of the hills are so high that they cannot be easily sur mounted ; none of the valleys so low that good drain age cannot be obtained. Between the railroads the surface is for the most part quite level, the beautiful little eminence of Mount Neponset being the most noticeable exception. East of the Neponset River the land rises somewhat abruptly, forming Fairmount Heights, the place where the pioneers of this new town first founded their homes, and which to-day is closely covered with pleasant and in some instances elegant residences bordered by wide and well-shaded streets and avenues. West of the Boston and Prov idence Railroad the surface again swells into slight knolls and elevations, upon which stand many fine residences. This portion is known as Sunnyside. And still farther beyond this is a considerable tract of hilly and rocky territory forming a part of the rugged, woody wilderness, known as Muddy Pond Woods. These extend far beyond the town limits and into Dedham and Boston. They are a favorite resort of pleasure-seekers, traversed as they are in all directions by numerous wood-roads, and it has been well said that, " immersed io this maze of sylvan de lights, one hardly realizes that he is within a few miles of the metropolis of New England, aud requires but little imagination to persuade himself that he is among the primeval forests of Maine." Readville is the name of the southeast portion of the town, and is for the most part a level plain, not so closely built over as the other parts of the town. In this section, however, and the territory adjoining it, the greater part of the manufactories are located. A branch railroad to Dedham Centre leaves the Bos ton and Providence Railroad here. Towards the northeast part of the town, on the same railroad, are the pleasant and thriving districts of Hazlewood and Clarendon Hill. Opposite the former, at about a quarter of a mile's distance, on a gently rising bill, stands the residence of Mr. Henry Grew, the house and its grounds on the sloping hillside, backed by the forest, forming a charming landscape. Still another small village is clustered around the paper-mills of Messrs. Tileston & Hollingsworth, at the eastern ex tremity of River Street, and near the River Street Station, on the New York and New England Rail road. These several districts, though thus distin guished by distinctive names, are by no means isolated and separate villages ; one touches upon another, the rows of houses continue unbroken, and there is nothing in the way of unoccupied territory to mark the end of one section or the beginning of another. The town is compact, and its divisions thoroughly welded together. Hyde Park is a town of to-day, and its history is the history of to-day. Incorporated in 1868, any thing which is to be said about it prior to that time belongs to the history of those adjoining towns from whose territory it was made up. The writer is thus deprived of the greater part of that material which ao-e in the subject affords. As mists and vapors in the atmosphere lend to the outlines of objects at a distance more graceful and pleasing, and at the same time larger and more imposing, proportions, so the mists of time constitute media through which the 896 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. men and events of long ago, though indistinct and shadowy, seem all the more grand and impressive. To the writer of to-day the attributes of his con temporaries are unmistakably human and personal ; current events, though interesting, uninvested with special significance. It requires the halo of time, the attribute of remoteness, to take from any act its selfish and personal bearing, and leave alone conspicu ous in it its effect upon subsequent events, and its influence upon the weal or woe of individuals or com munities. The mind loves to contemplate the acts of those long since passed away as springing from motives grander and more prophetic than what we are willing to concede to the actors of our time, and to trace with laborious ingenuity, among the events succeed ing those acts, indications here and there of results attributable to the far-sighted energy or self-denying sacrifices of the men of yore. We imagine a condi tion of things, material and intellectual, greatly differ ent from that of the present, and in the toils, priva tions, and struggles of our ancestors discern a poetry and charm which they, probably, never dreamt of. We spiritualize the old, we rigidly keep the new down to hard practicality. Yet in this brief review of Hyde Park as it is to day, after its short existence of less than a score of years, it will be necessary to go a little beyond its corporate life and examine these influences to which it owes its being and the circumstances and surround ings which attended its inception. One standing to-day upon the top of any of the small eminences which diversify the surface of the town, may, if the atmosphere is clear, sweep with his eye the lower harbor of Boston on the east, the Blue Hills which skirt the horizon in the southeast, the valley of the Neponset to the south glimmering through the green meadows, and to the west and north the elevated lands of the neighboring towns, while at his feet lie in thick profusion the hundreds of houses and miles of streets and avenues which go to make up the town of Hyde Park. The spires of churches, belfries, and tall chimneys of manufactories, the smoke of locomotives, and long lines of railways arrest the eyes, the hum of travel and traffic rises to the ear. Everything betokening the presence of eight thousand souls is manifest to the senses, But far different was the view which awaited the anxious vision of the examining committee of pioneers in 1856 ; then, indeed, the hills, the rivers, and the high lands were to be seen in the distances, but nearer at hand little to mark the presence of man. There was then no considerable village on the line of the Boston and Providence Railroad from Jamaica Plain to the Canton viaduct. The territory between was spread over with farms, woodland, and the meadows which fill the basin of the upper Neponset. All of human habitations in sight were a few farm-houses along the road leading from Dedham to Dorchester, and the small hamlet around the old cotton-factory at Readville. This tract was mostly in a state of nature, a great portion of it covered with the pine, the cedar, and the birch, with here and there a solitary farm house, surrounded by a small clearing, its occupants quietly pursuing their pastoral lives almost within sight of the steeples of Boston, and little dreaming of the change which was so soon to come over the scenes with which they had been so long familiar. The highway leading from Dedham to Dorchester, a narrow lane rather than road leading out from this highway westerly into West Roxbury — a road from Milton to Dedham, and one from this last to a point on the Dorchester highway at the old cotton-mill in Readville — were the only avenues of travel. The line of railway then called the Midland (now the New York and New England Railroad) had suc cumbed to the weight of financial difficulties and was not in operation ; the Bpston and Providence Rail road had a depot only at Readville, and not more than half a dozen trains per day stopped there. The cotton-mill at Beadville, and the old Sumner Mills, which had passed into the hands of Tileston & Hollingsworth, were the only manufacturing activities. The following extract from an address delivered at the first annual banquet of the town officers of Hyde Park, March 9, 1872, by the venerable Henry Grew, one of the town's oldest as well as most esteemed citizens, presents such a graphic and truthful portrait ure of the condition of things at and shortly before the time under consideration as to fully justify its insertion here : " Having purchased a few acres of land in the summer of 1S46, I commenced building a house, and moved to this place, then a part of Dorchester, on the first day of May, 1847. At that time most of this territory was occupied by farmers. There were on River Street (the old highway between Dorches ter and Dedham), within a range of a mile or a mile and a half, about ten houses, most of them small and occupied by farmers, with two exceptions, one a blacksmith and one a wheelwright, with a population not exceeding fifty persons." Also Sumner's mills and a few small tenements occupied by their operatives, and a small school-house near the same. " These were the only settlements in Dorchester. On the easterly side of the Nepon set River, which was the boundary line between Dorchester and Milton (now Fairmount), all was woodland and pasture, the first settlement in that part of our town having commenced in 1855 or 1856. West of my house was an unbroken range of forest-trees ; on the northerly side, in West Roxbury, were three farms. My nearest visiting neighbor was 2J or 3 miles distant. I was almost literally surrounded by woods, and my friends in HYDE PARK. 897 Boston were much surprised at my going to such a wild and lonely place. There was, however, the Boston k Providence Railroad, on which cars passed within half a mile of my resi dence, running three times a day each way, to and from Boston. There was no station between Forest Hill and Readville; occa sionally the cars stopped at the crossing at West Street to take or leave passengers. After a while some of the trains stopped at Kenney's Bridge (now Hyde Park Station), but passengers were few, perhaps ten or twelve in the course of a week. No house of shelter or station-master. The signal for stopping the cars by daylight was made by the turning of a signal board by the passenger, and after dark by the swinging of a lantern." The region more particularly described in the fore going address was known in " ye olden time" as Dor chester Commons, and was used as a common pasture for cattle by the inhabitants of that venerable town, and was then a wild and wholly uncultivated tract, covered with trees, shrubs, and undergrowth. A por tion of it was embraced in the land granted to Lieu tenant-Governor Stoughton, of Dorchester, in colonial times, and referred to by him in his will as " my farm which is beyond the Mother Brook." How far this farm extended is now an unsettled question, but un doubtedly it reached beyond the present limits of the town southwardly along the Neponset River, and through the easterly part of Readville, and probably embraced a goodly portion of the Fowl Meadows, that sort of land in the early days of the colonies being apparently far more prized than upland. The Gover nor had a farm-house somewhere on this farm, but where has not been determined. It is believed by many to have been on or near the site of the old Sprague Manor-house, itself a building dating back to near the time of the Revolution. " Dorchester Commons" was gradually sold or parceled out into farms. In 1846 three of these farms, containing about two hundred acres, and including what is now the most thickly settled and valuable part of Hyde Park, were purchased by three men, who proposed to build upon and occupy them. Two houses were erected, one the stone edifice, corner of Gordon Avenue and Austin Street, formerly known as the Lyman House, lately the residence of Charles A. White, and now owned and occupied by Col. John B. Bachelder, the Gettysburg historian ; the other was the old homestead of Gordon H. Nott, whose enter prise and liberality were largely contributory to the early growth of this town. These three individuals then sold the remainder of their purchase to the Hyde Park Land Company. This company made some improvements and disposed of some of its land, but little was accomplished by it before 1856. The earliest recorded sale of some one hundred acres of the Commons was for five pounds colonial. The above 57 sale to the Hyde Park Land Company was for the expressed price of twelve thousand dollars, or about sixty dollars per acre. Within the last fifteen years considerable parcels of the same land, without build ings, has changed owners for a consideration of seventy-five cents per foot, and in two instances for one dollar per square foot. The portion of the town taken from Dedham was formerly known as " the Lower Plains," a title suf ficiently descriptive of its topographical character istics. Away back a large part of it was owned by one Damon, in memory of whom the school-house now in that locality received its name. About 1850 it was named by its inhabitants Readville, in honor of Mr. Read, who was the principal owner of the cotton-mill there. About this mill were some score of houses and tenements ; and farther away, but still within the district, were perhaps half a dozen other residences, among them the homestead of D. L. Davis and that of the late William Bullard, both on the Milton road, still occupied by the then owners or their descendants, and the handsome and, for those days, elegant French cottage of William S. Damrell, then member of Congress. This stood, with ample and pleasant grounds around it, on a low hill rising back from the pond caused by the mill-dam. It is now owned and occupied by E. A. Fiske. Mr. Dam rell, as the only Congressman ever resident upon soil now included in our town, claims more than a passing notice. He was an intense anti-slavery man, bold and fearless in the expression of his convictions, a warm friend and supporter of Sumner, Banks, Hale, and the other foremost champions of human liberty. He was of indomitable will, and resolutely attended to his public duties during the years immediately preceding the Rebellion, although so disabled by paralysis of the lower extremities, occasioned by lead-poisoning, as to require the assistance of a person upon either side to move from place to place. Three of his sons served in the army of the Union during the civil war. One died in the service, another died after the close of the war from disease contracted in the service ; the third and only surviving member of the family is Maj. A. N. Damrell, Engineer Corps, U.S.A. In 1856, the time when the first of those enter prises which caused the growth and development of Hyde Park was begun, Readville contained the bulk of the population within its limits. Fairmount was the spot selected for the experi ment, and the credit of the first suggestion of, and of the greatest activity in pushing forward, the particu lar plan which led to the settlement there must be awarded to Alpheus P. Blake. HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. He was then a young man, employed in Boston, poor in everything but a vigorous brain and iron de termination. His occupation brought him into con tact with others who, like himself, had business in the city, and whose means did not permit them to procure satisfactory homes for their families there. He conceived the project of forming an association of these men, and, uniting their slender means into a common fund, acquiring therewith on more favorable terms sufficient land in some one of the outlying towns to afford each member ample space for a coun try home at reasonable cost, and within easy access to his place of business. Previous to this attempts to build up villages on some of the many unoccupied fields and hillsides in the region around Boston had been frequently made, and generally with entire want of success. But in most, if not all, these enterprises the lands had been acquired and put upon the market by men who looked only to the money profit to them selves, and had no intention of personally being resi dents of the settlements which they tried to incubate. Mr. Blake believed and argued that a body of men seeking homes for themselves in. the spot which they might select would deserve and meet with entire suc cess. He personally visited and inspected many lo calities in the suburbs, and was most attracted by the possibilities of this vicinity. He desired to secure the tract between the Boston and Providence Rail road and the Neponset River, but found this already in the possession of men who had so exalted an opin ion of its prospective value as to put their estimate of its present worth entirely beyond his means. His at tention was thus, perforce, directed to the hill-slopes on the opposite banks of the river. He succeeded in getting a reasonable price fixed upon what he wanted, and then talked the matter up so well among his friends as to effect a formal organization of a number of them at a meeting held Sept. 1, 1855, at the resi dence of one of the members on Revere Street, Bos ton. Mr. Blake was made president of the company thus formed, and a committee was appointed to ex amine the locality suggested by him. Although the Midland Railroad then occupied the location now of the New York and New England, it was bankrupt and not in operation ; so the investigating committee were obliged to go to Mattapan, on a branch of the Old Colony Railroad, and thence walk some two miles to their destination on Fairmount Hill. This experience, with the wild appearance of the country it was proposed to acquire and subjugate, so discouraged several of the committee that they in disgust abandoned both the place and the enterprise, and thus forfeited their chances of future glory and profit. The remainder of the associates, however, to the number of twenty, "stuck," formed a trust com pany under the title of " The Fairmount Land Com pany and Twenty Associates," purchased one hundred acres off the back part of the farms of the dwellers upon the Brush Hill road in Milton, and on the 15th day of May, 1856, the first blow toward the erection of the first house in Fairmount was struck. This building is the one now standing on the corner of Beacon Street and Fairmount Avenue, at present oc cupied by G. H. Peare. Henry A. Rich, David Higgins, and William H. Nightingale were the first mechanics. The latter died some years since ; the two former are still among the prominent residents of our town, Mr. Rich having been its collector the greater part of the time since its incorporation. It was the plan of the twenty associates that each should build and occupy a residence in the new territory. Most, if not all, of them did so, and three of them, Messrs. Fisk, Higgins, and Payson, still live in the houses then built by them. A wood-cut, printed in an illustrated paper of the date May 23, 1857, shows twenty-six buildings standing on the slope of Fair- mount ; another, in 1859, represents forty-two. This not rapid growth was effected only by untiring per severance under many difficulties and discouragements. The association was made up of poor men, and great economy was necessary. The land was not fully paid for, the balance of the purchase price being secured by a ground mortgage. At one time the project was on the point of being abandoned by reason of the many obstacles encountered, but the firmness of the late D. B. Rich prevented this. The pioneers had a hard time of it. The nearest point at which railroad accommodations could be obtained was on the Boston and Providence, at Kenny's Bridge, and there but two trains each way per day stopped ; there was no depot, and to reach Fairmount from there it was necessary to cross the river in small boats, or on the stringers of the Midland Railroad bridge. The lumber and other material needed in the con struction of their buildings was brought from Neponset by teams through Milton, and with much labor and difficulty transported up and over the crest of the hill. The mere preparation of roads over which the material could be brought was a work of no little amount on that rough hillside, then far more steep and uneven than now. The nearest store was at Mattapan; the nearest post-offices at Milton and East Dedham. To accommodate the mechanics en gaged upon the first houses, D. B. Rich opened a " boarding-house" in an old building, where the seats were boxes and kegs, and the other accommodations HYDE PARK. 899 of like ostentatious magnificence. But the settlers ' were resolute and full of resources. They endured what they could not remedy, and made use of every means attainable to better their condition. Before long, by joint contributions and efforts, they con structed a foot-bridge across the river. Finding the i Midland Railroad there at hand, they resolved to utilize it, and did so, again combining their means j and buying a car with an engine in one end, in which they journeyed in and out of Boston with great re joicing, though they had for some time to dispense | with a depot. In one respect they were greatly fa vored at this time, — no lawyer, doctor, or clergyman bad invaded this Arcadia, and thus the denizens were left free to concentrate their efforts to the common good without unnecessary mental or bodily affliction. It is true that in 1859 one disciple of Esculapius came like a serpent into this Eden ; but the place was too much for him, too healthy, and after trying for some time to eke out a precarious existence by teaching in Boston during the day and searching for a chance to practice his profession at night, he was' obliged to abandon the unequal contest and avoid starvation by retreat. Although the town has long since passed from a condition in which it could boast even an average immunity from the professions above specified, its sanitary reputation at least is still of a high order, and to this day it has no burial-place within its borders, — not, however, for the Western reason that no one dies here unless shot for the ex press purpose of starting a graveyard, but chiefly be cause the excellent cemeteries in the adjacent city and towns have rendered the necessity for one here less imperative. Among the names of prominent and enterprising citizens of this earlier time, in addition to those al ready mentioned, appear those of C. F. Gerry, Wil liam Rogers, S. A. Bradbury, W. T. Thacher, D. W. Phipps, G. B. Parrott, J. N. Brown, and S. S. Mooney. In 1859 the Real Estate and Building Company was formed, and in 1861 incorporated. This com pany, of which A. P. Blake was for many years the agent and principal manager, contributed very mate rially to the subsequent settlement and growth of the town. It operated at first in Fairmount, but soon ac quired large portions of land between the two rail roads, and mainly north of River Street. Under its management these tracts were surveyed, traversed by streets and avenues in sufficient numbers to make the land readily available to the individual builder, and lots of convenient dimensions were laid out and of fered to purchasers on sufficiently liberal terms. Many of these lots were sold by the company for an average price of two cents per foot, and the pur chaser allowed several years in which to complete payment for them. It also advanced to buyers funds to assist them in building, — such loans, of course, being secured by mortgage. The fact that its stock never paid any large dividend to the holders seems to prove that the company was not conducted in any grasping or avaricious spirit. Under its efforts and the enter prise of many individuals the growth of the place was fairly progressing, when the civil war came, upsetting the plans of so many, and, by the doubt and uncer tainty it engendered, paralyzed to a great extent all enterprises. The most strenuous efforts were made by the Real Estate and Building Company and others interested to overcome this incubus. Then, as now, printer's ink was deemed by the dwellers here a most potent instrumentality, and placards and circulars, urging investments in building lots, full of confident assertions calculated to inspire the most timid, were freely issued. Some of these are exhilarating. For instance, " The war appears to have very little effect upon the rapid progress of the great enterprise at Hyde Park and Fairmount;" and again, " Nothing short of the complete overthrow of the government can stay the rapid growth of the beautiful villages of Hyde Park and Fairmount." There seems to be in these extracts a calm candor, an air of casually men tioning an admitted fact, which ought to have con vinced the most skeptical mind. With such in spiring words, and many other well-devised efforts, did our predecessors strive to allay the panic of those dark days. That these efforts were only moderately successful is apparent in the admission made by the building company, in its prospectus of 1864, that during the mighty struggle of the nation for its ex istence special expenses for the purpose of carrying on its enterprises had been mainly suspended by the company. Yet the growth of the town was not wholly arrested during this time, for we learn from a contemporary paper that in 1862 there were one hundred and fifty dwellings in the district between the Brush Hill road and the Boston and Providence Railroad station at Hyde Park, which number had increased to two hundred in 1865. The end of the war, however, was the beginning of an era of truly wonderful activity and progress in this place, and for the next seven years it advanced at a marvelous pace. The vast increase of the currency of the country, caused by the prodigious expenditures of the government, made money plentiful and encour aged speculation. New lands in large quantities were acquired by the building companies and by individu- 900 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. als, platted, sold, built upon, and occupied with almost incredible rapidity. In the year 1867 not less than one hundred and six dwelling-houses were erected, to say nothing of buildings for business and other pur poses. The price of lots trebled and quadrupled in value in a few weeks ; sometimes in a few months increased twentyfold. They were bought and sold in great numbers, and the speculator who had not han dled ten or a dozen lots a day felt that he was rather falling into habits of luxurious idleness. A good deal of money was made in real estate at this time ; a good deal was likewise sunk out of sight in the same commodity, for the prices asked and given at last became excessive beyond ail reason, and when the crash did come it found many in just the condition to be ruined. But while the "good times" lasted they brought the population of Hyde Park up to six thousand seven hundred and fifty, its dwelling-houses to the number of eleven hundred and twenty-one, and its assessed valuation to upwards of seven million five hundred thousand dollars. This, however, is a little anticipatory. The growth of the place from 1865 was largely due to its natural attractiveness, which was now made to appear through the exertions of its public-spirited citizens, of whom the names of the following are most frequently mentioned in the current publications : W. J. Stuart, R. Bleakie, G. H. Nott, C. A. White, T. D. Weld, M. L. Whicher, A. H. Brainard, A. Web ster, T. W. H. Moseley, W. U. Fairbairn, I. L. Benton, and L. B. Hanaford. Through their efforts, aided by many others, the establishment of manufacturing and other business interests of great importance was effected, social and moral needs were well provided for, and the unrivaled railroad possibilities developed. Local trains were multiplied on both railways, and additional stopping-places secured. When the rail road managers doubted the expediency of establishing a new station and erecting a depot at any required point, enough citizens were forthcoming to furnish means to build a station-house at the place desired and lease or give it to the railroad, on the condition of adequate train-accommodation. So great was the demand for mechanics at this time that the most indifferent workmen commanded exorbitant wages. This and the other inducements held out attracted to the town a not inconsiderable number of equivocal characters, and, as the credit system was largely in practice, many a confiding trader was sadly victimized. It appears from contemporaneous evidence that many hearts might have echoed the wail of one dismayed grocer, contained in the subjoined excerpt from a flyer distributed by him: "I have kept a grocery-store about three years, mainly on the cash principle, but, notwithstanding this limited deviation from a strictly cash system, I have lost more than all the net profits on my sales, and am now poorer than when I com menced." But such experiences are common to all new and rapidly-growing places, and under this froth of irre sponsible adventurers was an able body of earnest, energetic, industrious, laborious, wide-awake men, whose faith in Hyde Park was as firm as adamant, and who plied every instrumentality without cessation tending to promote its prosperity. So well did they succeed that in 1867 they were in a condition to ask for incorporation. The first meeting looking to that end was called at Music Hall on October 14th in that year, at which E. P. Davis was chosen to preside, and S. A. Bradbury and Charles A. Jordan as sec retaries. A committee was appointed to consider the advisability of forming a new town, and the meeting adjourned to the 22d of the same month, at which the committee reported in favor of the proposed ac tion, describing the district desirable to include. Almost all the residents conspicuous for their in terest in the place were warm advocates of the measure, among whom may be mentioned Messrs. C. F. Gerry, A. P. Blake, R. Bleakie, H. S. Adams, B. F. Leach, B. Conner, B. F. Radford, D. L. Davis, T. C. Evans, M. L. Whitcher, A. Webster, B. C. Vose, and R. W. Turner. A formal petition to the Gen eral Court for incorporation of the district suggested in the committee's report was duly filed. As illus trative of the transitory nature of the residents of new places, it is interesting to note that of the fourteen men whose names are appended to this original petition but five are now among our inhabitants. The request for incorporation was variously viewed by the towns whose territory was affected. Dorchester made no opposition ; Dedham refused to yield so much as was asked for, and succeeded in keeping a portion of it; Milton also objected strenuously, the contest here finally narrowing down to the question whether the petitioners should have the southeasterly line of their proposed town established as petitioned for, so as to include a portion of the Brush Hill road and some twenty-seven families resident thereon, or whether the line should run along the crest of Fairmount Heights, several hundred feet northwesterly from said road, and leaving the above-mentioned families to remain within Milton's limits. Over this the fight waxed hot and furious. In the legislative committee-room frequent hearings were had during a period of five or six weeks, which re sulted at last in a report to the Legislature recom- HYDE PARK. 901 mending a compromise line, giving the petitioners less than they asked, but more than the Brush Hill residents were willing to concede. The people of Hyde Park have been always and still are much addicted to a free use of printer's ink, and now its aid was invoked by both sides. Printed addresses "To the Honorable Senate and House of Representa tives,'' " Five Reasons why Brush Hill should not be Set Off from Milton to the Proposed Town of Hyde Park," " Five Reasons why Brush Hill should be Set Off," etc., were among the more ponderous missiles employed in this paper warfare, while the columns of the Boston dailies teemed with communications from champions of either side, pitching into their opponents with argument, ridicule, assertion, and denial, in a manner decidedly lively and, at this lapse of time, quite entertaining. The outcome of all this heated controversy was that the act of incorporation of the town of Hyde Park, passed and approved April 22, 1868, took about thirteen hundred acres from Dorchester, eight hun dred from Dedham, and seven hundred from Milton', and left the old residents along the Brush Hill road still within the boundaries of Milton, and presumably happy. The new town promptly organized on the 30th day of the same month, Maj. William Rogers, formerly of Governor Andrew's staff, being chosen moderator of the first town-meeting. The board of selectmen chosen consisted of Messrs. Henry Grew, Zenas Allen, M. L. Whitcher, W. J. Stuart, and B. F. Radford ; C. W. Turner was elected town clerk ; Henry S. Adams, treasurer; and Henry A. Rich, collector. The school committee chosen consisted of five clergymen and one layman, to wit : William A. Bullard and Revs. N. T. Whittaker, P. B. Davis, W. H. S. Ventres, W. H. Collins, and Amos Webster — a fact going to show that there was now no dearth of spiritual ministration, whatever may have been the case in earlier days. The recipients of municipal honors were not elected without vigorous opposi tion. Hyde Park esteems the places in its gift too highly to bestow them easily. There were no less than five tickets in the field ; the regular caucus nominations being, the successful ones. The custom thus inaugu rated of lively competition for town offices has ever since been honored with implicit observance. A section of Capt. Baxter's Light Battery was present, and hailed the birth of the new town with a salute of one hundred guns. The citizens made a holiday of the occasion, and celebrated the event with rejoicings, and plentiful displays of fireworks in the evening. A fine rainbow at sunset was accepted as a propitious omen, significant of the future lustre of the town. At this time there were in the town four school- houses, only one of which, however, was of any con siderable size or value ; six religious societies, three of which worshiped in churches of their own, and the remainder in hired halls ; and of manufacturing industries, besides the cotton-mill and the paper-milh a woolen-mill, a vise-factory, iron-works, car-shops, and a needle-factory. The population was about three thousand five hundred, the number of polls seven hundred and seventy-four, and the valuation, as fixed on the 1st of May following, two million nine hundred thousand dollars. One of the leading motives which had caused the mass of the residents of Hyde Park to espouse so warmly the project of incorporation, had been the feeling that their needs had not received sufficient attention from the parent-towns of which it was pre viously a part. The school accommodations were very inadequate, the buildings insufficient in dimensions, and inconvenient in location. Most of the streets had been made by the adjacent owners, and, as few of them had been accepted by the towns, they were of different widths, ungraded, and in many instances full of ob structions. Few of them were furnished with lights, and most of these were at private charge. There was no fire department or any reliable means of subduing a conflagration. To remedy all these deficiencies and numberless others, the citizens bad asked for and had obtained self-government. Many thoughtlessly ex pected that it would prove an immediate panacea for all their disabilities. So it will be well believed that for the first few years the town officers had no easy time of it. All those things, usually the result of many years of quiet effort in towns of slow growth, were here crowded, as it were, in a moment upon the atten tion of the people and their official agents. The latter addressed themselves to meeting the demands thus made upon them with creditable ability and success. Miles of streets were accepted, graded, widened, or relocated, and bridges built or extensively repaired, a good fire department organized and well equipped, and a suitable building constructed for its occupation, and many other things done to put the town on a proper footing. The number of school children in creased so fast that within the first five years of its corporate existence the town was obliged to erect four large buildings at a cost of about one hundred and twenty thousand dollars. All these improvements called for large expenditures, most of which was met by direct taxation, but a considerable amount by bor rowing, which last expedient soon raised a debt of 902 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. very respectable proportions. The burdens thus in curred soon began to be felt very sensibly by the owners of land, which constituted seven-eighths of the taxable property of the town, and soon all propositions looking to further outlays became fruitful sources of contest, protest, and more or less successful log-rolling. The town-meeting was the natural arena for the final fight on these matters, and Hyde Park town-meetings have always been considered particularly interesting, though it is said that of late they have lost somewhat of their pristine brilliancy, and there are dark fears expressed that ere long they will become as unexciting and commonplace as those of less favored communities. But it is not to be understood that a niggardly policy has ever controlled this town ; on the contrary, if it has erred at all, it has been in the opposite direction. During the sixteen years of its existence it has raised by taxation upwards of $1,130,000, or an average of $70,500 per year. Of this about $154,000, or a yearly average of $9600, has been expended upon streets and bridges ; and not less than $487,000, an average of over $30,000 per year, — over forty per cent, of the whole amount raised, — has been devoted to the establishment and maintenance of public schools. For several years the town business was transacted in rooms and halls hired for the purpose. This was felt to be inconvenient, and a town building was de sired by many. A controversy, probably the most intense of any which has ever agitated the town, and which certainly stands out most prominently in the recollection of the participators, arose in 1870, over a proposition to purchase for the above-named purpose an edifice recently erected on the corner of Gordon Avenue and River Street, and known as Gordon Hall. Meeting after meeting, was called to decide the vexed question, " Should or not the building be bought by the town ?" After much contention the property was finally purchased, but it was accidentally destroyed by fire March 8, 1883. The year 1870 was quite prolific in notable events here. Then it was that another public demonstra tion was made in the dauntless attempt of some of its female citizens to storm the ballot-box and exercise the full powers of untrammeled suffrage, which carried the name and fame of Hyde Park into distant States and even beyond seas, and a failure to note which would render a sketch of the town's history undeserv ing the toleration of the fairer and mightier part of its population. For some time previous to the March meeting, 1870, there had been signs and portents of approach- ing trouble, which took visible form and shape when ' a placard appeared, addressed to the women of Hyde Park, inviting them to attend a caucus, to be held March 4th, to select candidates for the various town offices, the same to be supported by the women at the polls. The caucus was duly held, and well attended, sirring addresses were made inciting the auditors to stand by the position they had taken in the front rank of the woman-suffrage movement, to make up their ticket, and back it at the polls ; the speakers arguing that, though votes thus tendered might be rejected at the ballot-box, or, if received, not counted, the movement would not on that account be barren of even immediate result, inasmuch as it would set the ball of universal suffrage in motion, mark them in the eyes of posterity as its foremost champions, and make this town historic. These appeals were not fruitless ; a ticket was made up, the candidates thereon being men and legal voters, and the caucus adjourned. Election day fell that year upon March 8th, and proved to be a stormy one, snowy and blustering ; yet some fifty ladies assembled in the Everett House parlors, whence they proposed to make their descent in a body upon the voting place. At the latter place, meantime, was congregated a large number of men, who, aware of the impending conflict, awaited with mingled anxiety and impatience the denouement. Among them were not a few who believed in the wisdom of the women's action, and ardently desired the early coming of the day when, as legalized and qualified voters, mothers, wives, sisters, and daughters might participate in shaping the policy of the com munity of which they are so essential a part. But most of the men there present being, as is the nature of rude man, somewhat despotic and overbearing, re garded with great disfavor the proposed attempt of the ladies, and some threatened forcible prevention of it. At length men who had been out as scouts, watching for a movement of the enemy, announced their advance in force. The excitement within the hall grew greater, and cries of " don't let them in" were raised and repeated, and perhaps this unmanly measure might have been adopted. But when the occasion arises the man for the occasion is generally on hand. He was here, and in the right place. The moderator's chair was occupied by Sylvanus Cobb, Jr., the well-known novelist, whose pen and voice were and are always ready to speed on reform, progress, and development, whose soul cannot tolerate injustice or oppression. From his place he spoke to the angry throng before him, urging them to behave with courtesy and decorum towards their approaching townswomen. His words allayed the tumult, and through the door came the women, each bearing in HYDE PARK. 903 her hand a bouquet of flowers, the line headed by the sisters, Mrs. Angelina Weld and Sarah Grimke, who, by the deeds of their previous lives, had made them selves exemplars of Christian charity, unselfish be nevolence, and unhesitating self-sacrifice. Surely there was naught in the presence of these ladies, or those who closely followed them, to call for the storm of groans and hisses which immediately arose, drown ing the comparatively few cheers of the men of an other way of thinking. The line of ladies could with difficulty move through the throng about them. Again the moderator proved a host in himself. He stated that the votes thrown by the women would not be counted with the others, or influence the elec tion in the slightest degree ; rebuked the intolerance which would interfere with this harmless discharge of what they deemed a duty, and at last threatened with arrest and removal the most uproarious of the opponents. His attitude, aided much undoubtedly by that high esteem and love for him which has al ways characterized his fellow- citizens, produced a calm on the floor, and the ladies, without further molesta tion, advanced and deposited their ballots in a separate box, and at once left the room. The deed was done ! The women had voted ! And it is worthy of notice that a number of the ballots deposited by them were scratched, thus demonstrating their possession of one of the most essential qualifications for voting, particu larly in Hyde Park. The women's ticket was voted by quite a number of men, and it was afterwards claimed in some of the Boston papers, as a proof of the moral effect of this action, that their candidates were elected ; but this was erroneous, none being suc cessful whose names were not on the other tickets. The prediction of the ladies that this act of theirs would give notoriety to themselves and their town was prophetic. The affair was voluminously discussed and commented upon by most of the press within the commonwealth, received much attention from several well-known journals of other States, and even penetrated to the Sandwich Islands, and formed the subject of a flattering editorial in their newspaper, expressed in the mellifluous language of the beloved Kalakaua. The comments were of all sorts, " from grave to gay, from lively to severe ;" but perhaps the following from the New York Herald is as good a sample as any of the more jocose style of treatment : " The women succeeded in voting yesterday at the town elec tion in Hyde Park, Mass. They put a separate ticket in the field and about sixty of them voted for it. They came in a body to the polling-place with bouquets and cotton umbrellas in their hands and modest determination in their countenances; somo of them old and gray-headed, and many of them young and pretty. Their presence, which should have cast a benign influence over the unhallowed precincts which heretofore had been accessible only to men and the vile odors of rum and to bacco, was the occasion of hisses on the part of some of the disorderly men in the crowd. But the women had a stanch defender in Sylvanus Cobb, Jr., who stood up for them with the gallantry and daring of the old Spanish knights or Musco- vian gunmakers that he writes about in the Ledger. He cast upon the disturbers one look of his eagle eye. ' Base ruffians,' he cried, in thunder tones, ' think ye to bar the way of these fair dames to yonder bollot-box ? By my halidom, these women shall vote or perish in the attempt.' These brave words had their effect, and the gallant women voted ; and, more than that, although their votes were counted out, their ticket was elected." This, the first, was also the last attempt to vote in this manner, but the spirit which prompted and ani mated the movement still survives, and woman suf frage has many warm adherents here of both sexes. Nor has the impress of woman's influence upon the morals of the town stopped here. A power every where iu Massachusetts in all charitable, philan thropic, moral, and intellectual movements, women here have earned a recognition of their worth greater even than that enjoyed by most of their sisters. In referring to the very efficient assistance given by them in the establishment of the public library, to their great help of the temperance reform movement, to their auxiliary organization in aid of destitute suf ferers from the late war, to their literary societies, and to the constant and effective work of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, mention is made of but a few of the many specific ways by which they have abundantly contributed to give to their town whatever of virtue and excellence it may justly claim. Always ready and liberal in everything tending to forward the education of the masses, the town in 1871 appointed the following gentlemen a committee to raise a fund for the establishment of a free public library : Perley B. Davis, Isaac H. Gilbert, Francis C. Williams, Horace R. Cheney, Edward M. Lancas ter, Hobart M. Cable, E. P. Davis, E. E. Pratt, and Theodore D. Weld. Their first meeting was held at the house of Alanson D. Hawley, who had been cus todian of the State archives for fifteen years and one of the foremost in urging on the founding of a library here, but whose rapidly-failing health , resulting in his death soon after, disabled him from active work in the cause which he had so much at heart. While the committee were in his study he pointed out to them over one hundred new and valuable books as his donation to the prospective library. The commit tee confined their action to personal applications for subscriptions, payable in six months, to the library fund ; arranging for a course of weekly entertain ments, extending over a period of six months, for the benefit of the fund ; solicitation of donations of 904 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. books; and instituting measures for a general town fair, to be organized and conducted by the ladies. In pursuance of the last above action, a meeting of ladies was called and held in the Baptist vestry early in June, when they organized with a president, Mrs. L. B. Hunt, and the following vice-presidents, one from each religious society, to wit : Mrs. G. B. Par- rott, Mrs. E. D. Swallow, Mrs. A. R. Whittier, Mrs. Horatio Raynes, Mrs. F. C. Williams, Mrs. Arthur O'Neil. Each of these was made the head of a sub committee of six ladies. Under this organization a most admirable fair was held which netted upwards of two thousand five hundred dollars. H. S. Adams gave free use of Neponset Hall and the necessary ad joining rooms. A paper, issued daily during the continuance of the fair, under the editorial manage ment of S. Thurber and W. Hamilton, added to its interest and profit. The report of the general com mittee, made April 11, 1872, gave as the net result in hand for the library fund four thousand four hun dred and sixty-six dollars and seventy cents, and up wards of one thousand books donated. Theodore D. Weld was especially prominent in accomplishing this gratifying exhibit. Subsequent payment of subscrip tions increased considerably the amount of money. The library was opened to the public in March, 1874, in Everett Block, with William E. Foster as librarian, and three thousand seven hundred volumes ready for circulation. The first board of trustees consisted of Theodore D. Weld, Rev. P. B. Davis, Rev. I. H. Gilbert, elected for three years; Rev. E. A. Manning, H. M. Cable, E. M. Lancaster, for two years; Rev. W. J. Corcoran, E. S. Hathaway, C. W. W. Wellington, for one year. Mr. Foster remained as librarian till his resignation in March, 1876, when he was succeeded by Mr. Reeves, who, in October of the same year, was followed by Mrs. H. A. B. Thomp son, in charge at the present time, with Miss Mary Hawley as assistant. During the last few years the library has greatly increased in size and circulation. It contains over seven thousand three hundred books, and seven thou sand three hundred and forty-five persons have regis tered their names for cards. It remained in Everett Block until February, 1884, when, having entirely outgrown its limits, it removed to rooms specially fitted up for it in Masonic Block, and affording much more ample accommodations. The present trustees are A. H. Brainard, chairman ; G. Fred. Gridley, secretary and treasurer; Sylvanus Cobb, Jr., C. C. Hayes, M.D., H. B. Miner, E. C. Aldrich, E. M. Lancaster, H. M. Cable, Edmund Davis. The call for aid to the sufferers from the great Chicago fire met with a liberal response from Hyde Park. Frequent meetings were held, and upwards of five thousand dollars, in addition to large supplies of clothing, bedding, and necessaries, was contributed. In this noble work the ladies were as usual untiring, Mrs. Dr. Edwards, Mrs. A. H. Brainard, and Miss Nettie Richardson being especially prominent. The financial panic which swept over the country in the latter part of 1873 fell with excessive weight upon Hyde Park and almost menaced its future ex istence. The reasons for this result are readily ap parent. The very methods which had been adopted to cause the town to fill up and build up so fast, the selling of land for a small sum down and a large sum secured by mortgage, rendered it peculiarly open to such a catastrophe as then came upon it. The greater number of its citizens were men of limited means, attracted here by the ease with which property could be acquired, largely upon credit, and by specula tive hopes. The price of land had become greatly inflated. Parcels subject to inundation at time of high water often sold for ten cents per square foot, and more desirable lots had proportional values. The greater part of the real estate was under mortgage, not a little of it to an amount nearly up to even its inflated valuation. The assessors had yielded to the craze, partly from sharing in it, partly, perhaps, to keep down the percentage of taxation by a high valuation. Then the depression in business and the destruction by fire of several mills caused the aban donment of a number of productive industries, the consequent removal of many operatives and families to other places, and a great falling off in the demand for residences and for the general commodities of life. All this operated to cause the bottom to fall out of real estate, and a reduction in the apparent value of all property in the town of nearly fifty per cent. This is seen by comparing the assessed valuation of May 1, 1873, to wit: real estate, $6,608,179; per sonal, $901,636 ; with the valuation May 1, 1880, namely, real estate, $3,701,250; personal, $421,640. This fearful shrinkage discouraged many who had been holding on to their estates by the eyelids as it were. Taxes were suffered to remain unpaid. In 1874 the list of estates advertised for sale for non payment of taxes comprised two hundred and nine teen estates, and filled ten and a half columns in the local paper. The interest due on mortgages remain ing unpaid, they were foreclosed in great numbers, and many thus lost all which they had. But this experi ence, which brought loss and ruin to very many, was not in its final result a calamity to the town. The process of shaking things down to a substantial foun- HYDE PARK. 905 dation was decidedly unpleasant, but the outcome has been beneficial. The estates lost by their unlucky former possessors have become the property of others better able to hold, improve, and beautify them, and the town has thus gained in its outward appearance and the number of its well-to-do citizens. A greater conservatism is manifested in public and private en terprises, and the present status of the town is one of healthy and well-based prosperity. Its net debt, which in 1873 was $178,766, is now reduced to about $96,000, and by means of the sinking-fund, as now managed, will be entirely liquidated in a few years, and this debt is placed on terms as favorable as those enjoyed by any town or city in the State. Notwithstanding the pressure of the "hard times," the citizens of Hyde Park were fully awake on Cen tennial year. They were well represented at the Ex position both by products and by visitors, and they celebrated the glorious Fourth in the most enthusi astic manner. The day began with a procession, fol lowed by a meeting of citizens in the grove, corner of Austin and West Streets, which was presided over by E. R. Walker, chairman of the Board of Selectmen. Here there was singing by chorus, prayer by Rev. P. B. Davis, reading of the Declaration of Independence by G. Fred. Gridley, singing of the Star Spangled Banner by Miss M. C. Pollard, oration by Hamilton A. Hill, and singing of " America' by the audience. At 4 o'clock p.m. union religious services were held in the Congregationalist Church, opened with prayer by Rev. M. T. Alderman, followed by remarks by Theo dore D. Weld, Rev. P. B. Davis, and Rev. I. H. Gil bert, and closing with prayer by Rev. Mr. Gilbert. At 7 o'clock P.M. an immense meeting was held in Everett Square, and the new pump, presented to the town by the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, of Hyde Park, was dedicated. Mr. Walker presided, and an address was delivered by E. I. Humphrey, which was followed by a fine original poem by Charles F. Gerry. A flag, the gift of N. H. Tucker, was then presented by Miss Nettie B. Richardson, accepted by Mr. Hum phrey in a brief speech, and run up to the top of the flagstaff amid the cheers of the assembled multitude. A regatta and an exhibition of athletic sports were among the other attractions, and at night a grand dis play of fireworks closed the stirring observance of the day. The committee charged with the preparation and conduct of the programme embraced upwards of one hundred of the most prominent residents. Another event in commemoration of that year was a great tree-planting, which took place October 28th, when more than eight hundred and fifty shade trees were set along the streets and avenues of the town. This was brought about mainly through the efforts of Charles F. Holt, and has been the cause of many more being planted since, and has added greatly to the beauty and comfort of the thoroughfares. This same year, 1876, is also memorable in the history of the town on account of the great temper ance reform movement which began here in the spring. The Temperance Reform Club, then formed, during that year and the following held weekly public meetings, at which one of the largest halls was frequently filled to overflowing, and sometimes hun dreds were unable to gain admittance. The good re sults of this organization are inestimable. By it many were redeemed from lives of gross indulgence ; many more were stopped in a downward career toward such lives ; the subject of temperance and morality was brought home to every thinking mind ; and the sentiment thus awakened has placed and kept this town among the foremost in opposition to the encroachments of alcohol, and in support of all restrictive measures. In this connection it will not be. amiss to state that the Women's Christian Temperance Union, which has been a power for good in this community, was be gun here by an organization formed by a few women, April 26, 1876. It became at once auxiliary to the State organization of the Women's Christian Temper ance Union, and worked under the direction of the na tional organization. Mrs. William Sturtevant was its first president, and until her death, some four years sub sequent, was one of its most earnest and efficient mem bers. Mrs. E. T. Lewis was first secretary. The pre siding officers since have been Mrs. L. P. Alderman, Mrs. J. B. Richardson, Mrs. J. L. Doty, and Mrs. Jesse Wager, at present in the chair. The work done by this body of devoted women in the promo tion of Christianity and temperance cannot be detailed here. Mention can only be made of some incidents. When the law entitling women to vote for members of the school committee was passed in this State, the union addressed itself to urging women to avail them selves of the privilege, not only that they might have a voice in the educational interests of their children, but that a large vote might operate towards obtaining woman suffrage on the liquor question. The result of these efforts was that over eighty women qualified and voted. To their efforts also is it owing that Hyde Park was the first town in the State to place temper ance text-books in the schools for reference and oral instruction. The Union, believing that the most im portant as well as hopeful branch of its work was amono- the young, has labored unceasingly in this direction, and a juvenile organization of about three hundred children is now under its charge. Toward 906 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. the establishment and success of the Temperance Re form Association it rendered the most efficient aid. It has a standing committee for the dissemination of temperance literature, another to visit and carry aid and consolation to homes resting under the bane of alcoholic indulgence, another to provide for weekly Sunday meetings for the awakening and strengthening of temperance sentiment. The Union has also con tributed greatly to the large majority here against the licensing of the liquor traffic, by communicating di rectly with every voter before election, and by the personal solicitations of its members at the polls. Two other associations for the promotion of tem perance have an assured existence here. Energetic Lodge, No. 125, I. 0. G. T., was insti tuted by the Grand Lodge of Massachusetts March 13, 1882, with fifteen charter members, and has steadily increased, till at the present time it has a membership of over one hundred and twenty-five of both sexes, representatives of many of the best fami lies in the town, and, as their lodge-name suggests, energetic in every good word and work. The place of meeting, which has been the Odd-Fellows' Hall, is on the point of being changed to Grand Army of the Republic Hall. The first Worthy Chief Templar of this lodge, Daniel F. Wood, is the oldest member of the order in the State, and it was introduced into Massachu setts through his efforts. George Manley, by whose energy Energetic Lodge was started, was its first Worthy Secretary. Star of Hope Section, Cadets of Temperance, is composed of boys and girls from eight to eighteen years of age. Its principal object is to demonstrate the pernicious effects, physiologically, upon the system of indulgence in- alcoholic stimulants and narcotics. Meetings are held every Thursday evening in Congre gational Chapel. R. C. Habberley is Worthy Patron. The religious societies of the town claim more ex tended mention. First Baptist Church. — This was the first church organized in town, and antedates by several years the town incorporation. In the year 1856, when "the twenty Associates" commenced the erection of the first houses here which constituted the nucleus of Hyde Park settlement, Rev. Mr. Patterson, pastor of the East Dedham Baptist Church, came over and preached occasionally at five o'clock on Sunday in the boarding-house on the corner of Fairmount Avenue and Brush Hill road. Sometimes pastors from Bos ton came out and preached in the grove then crown ing a hill between the present Baptist meeting-house and the New York and New England Railroad. In the year 1858 it was thought that the time had fully come when a Baptist Church should be organ ized and assume the responsibility of sustaining pub lic worship. Accordingly, on the 9th day of Sep tember, in the house of L. B. Hanaford, Esq., on Fairmount Avenue, ten members of Baptist Churches elsewhere met and formally organized what is now the First Baptist Church in Hyde Park. One of the members having built Fairmount Hall midway Fair- mount Hill, the church hired and dedicated to the worship of God the second floor hall. In 1861 the church commenced the erection of a chapel on the avenue between Pierce and Davison Streets, and finished it in 1862, at a cost of about two thousand five hundred dollars. In 1868 in creased church accommodations became necessary. A building committee was appointed, and limited to the expenditure of twenty thousand dollars for a new house, which was completed in November, 1870. It is cruciform in style, brick walls to the top of the vestries, which are ample in size for all church pur poses, and supplied with modern conveniences. The auditorium has a seating capacity of seven hundred persons. Rev. G. R. Darrow was the first pastor, settled in 1863, but resigned in 1864. Since then the pastor ate has been successively filled by Revs. C. A. Skin ner, W. H. S. Ventres, I. H. Gilbert, D. C. Eddy, D.D., and Gorham Easterbrook. The membership of the church, originally only ten, is now three hun dred and seventy-four. Episcopal Church. — The first service of the Prot estant Episcopal Church was conducted by Rev. Samuel B. Babcock, rector of St. Paul's Church, Dedham, in Union Hall, near the New York Central Railroad depot, Oct. 10, 1858, at one of the "union meetings," at that time supported by adherents of all denominations. After a while the Episcopalians transferred their place of meeting to Lyman Hall, near the Boston and Providence Railroad, where ser vices were held every Sunday morning, the various clergymen officiating being furnished and paid by the Southern District Association. When there was no clergyman forthcoming, services were read generally by Mr. Lyman. A Sunday-school, which soon grew to a membership of sixty-five, was established, mainly through the exertions of Rev. John W. Nott, who was at that time passing a vacation here. For some time the family of A. H. Brainard constituted the entire number of communicants, the congregation being made up of those who only had a preference for that form of worship. Mr. Brainard also fur nished a portion of the choir and all the instru- HYDE PARK. 907 mental music, which latter consisted of a small melo- deon, which its owner " shouldered" to and from the place of meeting every Sunday. This instrument also assisted in the services of several other religious societies, which borrowed it in turn until able to ac quire something more pretentious. If still in exist ence, as it was a few years ago, it will undoubtedly be freely at the service of any other infant congregation to help out the music if necessary. The present parish was organized Nov. 8, 1860, under the name of Christ Church, with the following officers : Wardens, A. H. Brainard and G. H. Nott; Vestrymen, L. Bickford, J. Pratt, S. Fennell, and W. H. Hoogs ; Treasurer, S. A. Bradbury; Clerk, J. M. R. Story. Rev. A. H. Washburn took charge of the parish in March, 1861, was elected its rector in January, 1862, and so continued till early in 1866, when he became rector of Grace Church, in Cleve land, Ohio. During the early part of his ministration a church edifice was erected largely through the efforts of Gordon H. Nott, the same now used by the society, on the corner of River and Maple Streets. This is of Gothic style of architecture, with a seating ca pacity of about 300. While it was in process of construction worship was held in Bragg's Hall, on Fairmount Avenue. The building was consecrated Dec. 1, 1863, by Right Rev. Manton Eastburn, bishop of the diocese, assisted by several other di vines. Mr. Washburn's connection with the parish was of great benefit to it, and his resignation deeply deplored. He was succeeded, April, 1867, by Rev. Wm. H. Collins, who officiated as rector till his resig nation, July 21, 1869. His successor, Nov. 16, 1869, was Rev. John W. Birchmore, who remained till May 15, 1872. In October, 1872, Rev. Robert Scott was unanimously elected rector. In the summer of 1874 the Rev. R. B. Van Kleeck, D.D., was chosen rector. He was a man well known and highly esteemed by clergy and laity in all parts of the country, and the five years of his rectorship form a memorable period in the history of the parish. During the year 1879-80 the Rev. F. H. Horsfield was minister in charge of the congregation. He was succeeded in the autumn of 1880 by the Rev. Edward A. Rand, who with unremitting devotion to duty con tinued as minister in charge until Whitsunday, 1882. He was succeeded by the Rev. John T. Magrath, who officiated for the first time on Trinity Sunday, 1882, and immediately entered upon the duties of the rectorship. Since Jan. 20, 1884, the sittings have been free. Congregational Church,— Congregational services were first held in Hyde Park in December, 1860, in Bragg's Hall. The place of meeting was soon changed to Lyman Hall, where, for a few months, the services were con ducted by Rev. L. R. Eastman, afterwards, with only occasional clerical aid, by the brethren, until Dec. 1, 1862, when Rev. Hiram Carlton commenced minis terial labors, which was continued till October, 1864. On May 7, 1863, an ecclesiastical council organized here a church of ten members, of which Sylvester Phelps and Thomas Hammond were elected deacons. Rev. R. Manning Chipman was the officiating clergy man from Dec. 1, 1864, to Nov. 30, 1866, the ser vices being held during this time in Bragg's Hall. In January, 1867, the church and society extended a call to Rev. Perley B. Davis, who was then settled over the church at Sharon, Mass., who accepted, and was installed April 10th following, and who has con tinued as pastor of the society to this day. Measures were now taken for the erection of a parsonage and church edifice. A lot of land at the junction of Fairmount Avenue and Everett Square, extending through to Oak Street, was presented to the society by the Real Estate and Building Com pany, and a parsonage fronting on Oak Street, and costing about five thousand dollars, was built, and occupied by the pastor the following September. On Jan. 31, 1868, the corner-stone of the church edifice was laid with appropriate exercises, and on Oc tober 15th following the church was publicly dedicated to the worship of God, the pastor preaching the ser mon. The building is a Gothic structure, costing seventeen thousand dollars, and had a seating capacity of four hundred and sixty-two. By the untiring efforts of the ladies of the congregation it was fur nished with an organ, bell, carpet, and cushions at an expense of nearly five thousand dollars. For the better accommodation of the Sunday-school and social meetings, in the autumn of 1874 a chapel was erected adjoining the church, capable of seating three hun dred people. This was built by voluntary subscrip tion, presented to the society, and dedicated Jan. 1, 1875. On Sunday, Sept. 7, 1879, by the efforts of Mr. Edward Kimball, the church-debt raiser, the debt of twelve thousand five hundred dollars, which had rested very heavily upon the society, was raised by pledges from the congregation, and in December, 1880, the debt was fully paid. April 16, 1880, seven members were dismissed from the church to form a nucleus for the church at Clarendon Hill. Owing to the increase in numbers of the congrega tion and the Sunday-school during the two years en- 908 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. suing, it was decided to enlarge both church and chapel, at a cost of ten thousand dollars, and, the requisite amount having been pledged, work was begun in October, 1883. The church was so re modeled as to furnish seven hundred and sixty-nine sittings, including the choir-seats. The chapel was made thirty-five feet longer, a portion being fitted for class-rooms and library. Thirteen cathedral glass windows for the church were donated by J. P. Hig gins, and a large double front window, representing St. Paul and the Good Shepherd, was a gift from the Young Ladies' Aid Society. The enlarged church was rededicated Feb. 26, 1884, and the chapel the next evening. The condition of the church is very prosperous, it having a membership of four hundred and eighty, of whom seventy-two were received during the first year. The Sunday-school membership is five hundred and fifty, with an average attendance of three hundred and seventy-five for the year. The Clarendon Congregational Church was or ganized April 19, 1880, with fifteen members. Rev. S. D. Hosmer was then its acting pastor, and con tinued ministerial labors there till May, 1882. He was followed by Rev. A. H. Johnson, the present pastor. The membership is now twenty-seven. Methodist Episcopal Church. — June 28, 1857, the residents of Fairmount, then numbering twenty- seven families, met at the house of A. P. Blake, and organized the Fairmount Sabbath-school, with Daniel Warren as its superintendent. During the following summer preaching services were held every Sunday afternoon at Mr. Blake's house, and in the fall the Hyde Park and Fairmount Religious Society was formed, which was a strictly union society, and held its meetings in the hall of the Hartford & Erie depot building. The Sabbath-school was held there also, and a prayer-meeting, which became very interesting and effective. During the spring and summer of 1858 the society met in a new building in Fairmount owned by Messrs. Pierce and Higgins ; but in the fall of that year, the Baptist element forming a sepa rate organization and remaining there, the remainder of the society returned to the depot hall. July 6, 1859, the Hyde Park and Fairmount Religious So ciety dissolved, but the Methodist members continued holding meetings till September 4th, when these also were discontinued, the Sabbath-school alone contin uing, and meeting at the house of Mr. Warren. This school was then only sixteen in number, having been greatly depleted by the departure of many to join the Baptist and Episcopal schools. It gradually increased, however, till, in 1861, it numbered fifty-nine mem bers, when it was again reduced to thirty-two on the formation of the Orthodox and Universalist societies, but during the following year it rose to the number of sixty-eight. In the winter of 1863-64 preaching services were held one evening each week in Benton's Hall, at which the pulpit was filled by different cler gymen, and from April 17, 1864, till the following spring Rev. C. S. Sewell supplied this meeting and one at Jamaica Plain, one-half of each Sunday in either place, after which the desk was for a time again left vacant. During the most of this period and until June 2, 1867, the Sabbath-school held its sessions at the house of its superintendent, Mr. War ren, whose interest in it had from its start been con stant and unwavering, and to whose unremitting efforts a great part of its growth was due. Among the means employed by him to promote its vitality were a series of social entertainments, called " super intendent's parties," at one of which the proposition was made aud adopted which resulted in the organ ization of the Methodist society, Feb. 10, 1867, with a membership of twenty-eight, and the appointment of Rev. N. T. Whittaker as its pastor. On the 2d of June, 1867, the Sabbath-school, then called the Warren Fairmount Sabbath-School, was presented to the Methodist Church, though not by its beloved superintendent, who had looked forward to participa tion in the event with intense interest, but who had passed to his heavenly reward on the 26th of the pre vious May. The school brought with itself to the society six hundred and eighty books and a small sum of money. From this time to the present the history of the society has been one of uninterrupted growth in every respect. As its increase in numbers necessitated, it from time to time changed its place of meetings in quest of more commodious quarters, removing to Union Hall in 1869, and to Neponset Hall in 1871, where it remained till the completion of its church building. In 1871 it erected a parsonage. Ground was formally broken for laying the foundation of the church edifice, June 2, 1873, by Mrs. Mary S. Warren, the pioneer Methodist of Hyde Park; the corner-stone was laid Oct. 28, 1873, with exercises conducted by former pastors, and an address by Bishop Wiley. The auditorium was completed and dedicated Nov. 19, 1874, with appropriate exercises, and a sermon by Rev. H. W. Warren, D.D., the vestries having been dedicated December 31st preceding, the sermon being preached by Dr. B. K. Pierce, editor of Zion's Herald. During the following winter there was a great religious interest manifested in the society, and a large addition made to the membership. HYDE PARK. 909 The following have been the pastors: 1867-68, Eev. N. T. Whitaker; 1869, Rev. George Prentice; 1870-71, Rev. E. S. Best; 1872, Rev. E. A. Man ning: 1873-75, Rev. George W. Mansfield; 1876-77, Eev. J. S. Whedon; 1877-78, Rev. H. J. Fox; 1879-81, Rev. W. N. Richardson; 1882-83, Rev. Jesse Wagner, the present incumbent. The present condition of the society is exceedingly flourishing ; its membership is two hundred and ninety, that of its Sunday-school three hundred and fifty. Its house of worship, situated on the corner of Central Avenue and Winthrop Street, is of wood, with freestone base and steps, and a single lofty spire one hundred and sixty-five feet in height. Tho first floor contains an ample vestry, class-rooms, dressing-rooms, and kitchen. The auditorium, on the second floor, is •sixty feet long by seventy-five feet in breadth, finished in ash and black walnut, lighted by large stained-glass windows, with sittings for seven hundred and twenty people, exclusive of one hundred more in the gallery at one end. This room has been the scene of many union meetings, and on occasions has accommodated one thousand persons. Its walls are delicately tinted and the frescoing very chaste. This edifice cost $45,000, and entailed a heavy debt upon the society. Previous to 1881 special efforts had reduced this to $29,000, and during that year, by the work of a debt- raising society, the whole remaining amount was pledged and paid, and the church thus relieved from the burdensome and harassing obligations which had so long hampered and limited its usefulness. Of this amount, $15,000 was pledged at one meeting con ducted by Bishop Randolph S. Foster. The Ladies' Circle and the Sunday-school aided nobly in this work, the former raising $2800, the latter $575. By authority of the Northeast Conference the collections of the year from the churches of the Boston District, amounting to $850, were also contributed, and subscrip tions were made by friends in those churches aggre gating thousands of dollars. The original furnishings of the church, including settees, cushions, and carpets, to the cost of $1500, were provided by the Ladies' Circle. First Unitarian Society. — The first meeting of this society as a separate denomination was held in June, 1867, as the consequence of action taken at a preliminary meeting, June 1st, held in the Fairmount school-house, at which John P. Jewett was chairman, and Benjamin C. Vose, secretary. During the fol lowing summer regular services were held every Sun day afternoon at the old Music Hall, prominent Uni tarian clergymen of Boston and vicinity occupying the pulpit. In November of the same year the society moved to Deacon Hammond's Hail, and engaged as pastor Rev. T. B. Forbush, who remained until the following March. In June, 1868, a permanent organ ization was formed under the name of the Christian Fraternity. The next year this name was changed to that of the Second Congregational Society of Hyde Park, which in turn was, in May, 1880, superseded by the present title. In June, 1868, Rev. William Hamilton was in vited to become the regular preacher of the society, and he continued as such about a year, services during that time being held in Hamblin Hall. In No vember, 1868, Rev. Francis C. Williams was selected to take charge of the society, and was installed as pastor the following February. During his pastorate, which continued until June, 1879, the society had a varied experience, particularly in its places of worship. Meeting in the town hall for about a year, they thence went to Neponset Hall, where they remained till its destruction by fire, in the early part of 1874. Their church building was then in process of construction, and until its completion, iu the latter part of the same year, they were kindly accommodated by the Methodist Society, which tendered the use of its vestry. The Unitarian Church was dedicated Feb. 18, 1875, and in it their services have since been held. It occupies a sightly and pleasant position on the corner of Oak and Pine Streets, on Mount Neponset, and presents to the eye a neat, attractive, and agree able aspect. It is of the Romanesque style of archi tecture, and is constructed in a very substantial man ner, and of excellent material. The audience-room, exclusive of vestibule, is sixty-seven by thirty-seven feet, with a seating capacity of a little more than three hundred. The finish of the pulpit and its sur roundings is of black walnut ; of the pews, black walnut and ash. It is well lighted, with stained- glass windows of shades affording very agreeable effects. In the vestry is a ladies' reception-room, dining-room, kitchen, etc. The cost of the building was fifteen thousand dollars. During his long stay, Mr. Williams' influence on the church and town was marked and beneficial. His successor was Rev. A. Judson Rich, who was invited in November, 1879, installed the next January, and who remained four years. At the present time the society is without a settled pastor. Roman Catholic Church. — The parish was organ ized Oct. 1, 1870. Previous to that time services were regularly held by Rev. Father McNulty, of Milton, and under his administration the number of worshipers increased so rapidly that Rt. Rev. John J. Williams ordered a separate parish to be formed on 910 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. the above date, and Rev. William J. Corcoran was appointed pastor. During the first few years of his stay the Catholics worshiped in the old Music Hall, on Everett Square. Finally, by Father Corcoran's efforts and the co-operation of the faithful, a frame church was built on land on Hyde Park Avenue, which had been previously secured by Father Mc Nulty. This church was destroyed by fire Jan. 2, 1875, and the parish attended services in the town hall until Music Hall was removed to their lot on Hyde Park Avenue and fitted for temporary use, when they went there. In the mean time a large lot of land, most delightfully located on Maple and Oak Streets, in Mount Neponset, had been bought. An ample dwelling-house, situated on a portion of this lot, became the residence of the pastor and his suc cessors. Father Corcoran was followed as pastor, in Feb ruary, 1877, by Rev. M. Conlan, who, Feb. 1, 1880, was succeeded by Rev. Richard J. Barry. Under the administration of Father Barry the society has grown very largely in numbers and influence. Im mediately upon his taking charge he zealously set to work to cause the erection of a church upon the lot . on Mount Neponset, and the result is a spacious and elegant edifice, a lasting memorial of what can be ac complished by energy and perseverance. It is of brick and stone, with interior woodwork of cherry, and a seating capacity of one thousand and eighty. The frescoing, stucco, and windows are works of real art. Taken as a whole it is a gem, and will compare favorably with any church in the State in architec tural merit and beauty of finish. Situated on a slight eminence, it presents a conspicuous and pleasing ob ject of view from several miles around. It was de signed by Charles J. Butemore. The funds for its construction were raised principally by collections from house to house. Among the donors most gen erous in amount should be mentioned Messrs. Robert Bleakie, John S. Bleakie, and Daniel Sheedy. The corner-stone was laid July 4, 1880, by Most Rev. John J. Williams, in the presence of some six thousand people, the trowel used on the occasion being now in the ownership of Mrs. John S. Bleakie. Nov. 18, 1883, a chime of bells, weighing eleven thousand pounds, was blessed by Bishop De Goes- briand, of Burlington, and sounded forth November 25th following. This was the generous donation of the late Martin O'Brien, of this town, and of the pastor. The numbers of persons at the present time attached to the church is two thousand one hundred, with three hundred and forty attendants at the Sun day-school. The society is in a most flourishing con dition, and is still under charge of Rev. Father Barry, ably assisted by his brother, Rev. Henry A. Barry, A number of religious societies are connected with the church. There is also a society of Second Adventists, who meet in Lyric Hall, and a weekly Union Meeting held in Readville. The manufacturing industries of Hyde Park, al ready great, are yearly becoming more extensive. Particular reference to some of them will be of in terest. Industries. — R. Bleakie & Co.'s woolen-mills. The gift of several acres by a number of interested land-owners to Francis Skinner and others, in 1862, led to the formation and incorporation of the Hyde Park Woolen Company in 1863, which at once began the erection of a twelve-set mill for the production of army goods, blankets, and flannels. The first blanket was woven by John Bleakie, father of the present owner, on July 31, 1863. Robert Bleakie became superintendent Aug. 1, 1864, and under his able direction it became so successful that, in 1865, the capacity of the mill was increased to twenty-one sets of cards, employing about four hundred opera tives. Early in the morning of June 9, 1873, the mills took fire, and all but the bare walls of the main building, and the chimney, was destroyed, involving a loss of some four hundred thousand dollars, and scattering the employes to other places until the work of rebuilding should be completed. This work was commenced at once, and pushed with all possible energy until Fall, when' the disastrous financial panic which then swept over the country made it seem most prudent to discontinue new enterprises till it should be past. So the windows and doors of the mills were put in, and the property left in the care of faithful watchmen. Then followed a long season of depression in the woolen business, so serious that there was no encouragement to resume operations ; and finally, in the fall of 1878, the whole plant was sold to Robert Bleakie, since which time it has been operated to its full capacity, fourteen sets of cards, in the manufacture of suitings and overcoatings, by the firm of which Mr. Bleakie is the senior partner, and gives employment to nearly three hundred workers. The large amount of taxable property, and the money monthly paid to the operatives, is a consider able item in the prosperity of the town, and its citi zens regard with much pride the neat appearance of the buildings and the well-kept grounds around them. Tileston & Hollingsworth's Paper-Mill. In 1836, Edmund Tileston, of Dorchester, and Amos Hollings worth, of Milton, purchased the old Sumner Mills, a HYDE PARK. 911 detailed account of which, since its erection by George Clark, was published in 1859 in the " History of Dorchester." Then (1836) the property consisted of a paper-mill and a cotton-mill. In 1837 the cot ton-mill burned down, and the firm built a paper- mill in its place. This mill, on which many addi tions and alterations had in course of time been made, was burned March 12, 1881, and the same year Franklin L. Tileston and Amos L. Hollings worth, sons of the former partners and successors of the old firm, built the present mill. This, with the other mill standing on the same privilege, now makes five tons of fine plate- and book-paper per day. The cotton-mill at Readville is the oldest manufac tory in the town, and one of the oldest in the State. A portion of the present wooden building was erected in 1814. It was capable of running sixty-six looms and producing two thousand yards of cloth per day. It was built and operated by a copartnership, which was changed from time to time, but always retained the name of the Dedham Manufacturing Company. It was first under the superintendence of F. A. Taft ; later under that of Ezra W. Taft, still living in Ded ham. In 1832 the late James Downing, of Hyde Park, became its superintendent and agent, and so continued till 1864. He began in the mill as over seer in 1816, and consequently was identified with it for forty-eight years. Ex-Governor Gardner, of Mas sachusetts, was one of the early partners ; also Mr. Lemist, who was lost at the burning of the steamer " Lexington" ; also Mr. Read, in honor of whom Readville took its name. At the breaking out of the civil war a quantity of cotton in Transit u for the mill was seized by rebels at Baltimore, and not recovered. When the supply on hand was exhausted the mill closed, and did not reopen under its old management. In 1864 it was sold to Mr. Boynton, of Boston, and Manton Bros., of Providence, by whom the large brick mill was built. In 1867 it passed into the hands of the Smithfield Manufacturing Company of Providence, by whom the wooden mill was enlarged to about double its former capacity. The whole property is now owned by B. B. & R. Knight, of Providence. It runs about four hundred and fifty looms, and furnishes employment to over three hun dred and fifty operatives. The power is supplied partly by water, but chiefly by steam. The following incident attending the acquisition of this privilege is handed down by oral tradition. At the time when the old mill was built, by the law or usage a privilege could be acquired by the party first improving it by a dam and wheel in operation. Three parties competed for this privilege, — one at, one above, and one below the present site. The middle party proved most en terprising. It got its dam well along, ferreted out somewhere an old water-wheel, placed it in position in the night, and got it actually in motion, and thus claimed and held its location. The American Tool and Machine Company, manu facturing castings, is among the most valuable and important of the industries of the town. It occupies extensive buildings, has a great amount of taxable property, employs a large force of skilled and intelli gent workmen, and has a monthly pay-roll of some thirteen thousand dollars. The Brainard Milling Machine Company, whose specialty of manufacture is indicated by its name, is a concern of large extent and great activity. Among the others may be enumerated the Boston Blower Company, machines ; Glover & Wilcomb's curled-hair factory; J. T. Robinson & Co., manufac turers of paper-box machinery ; John Scott, wool scouring ; Kenyon & Crabtree, chemicals ; Alden & Co., Waste Rubber Chemical Company ; Alden & Gammett, tack manufacturers; Moody & Co., horse- nail manufacturers ; Readville Rubber Company ; R. H. Gray & Co., shoddy; S. Z. Leslie & Co., Novelty Wood- Work ; H. N. Bates, door-spring manufacturer ; John Johnston, carriage manufacturer; McDonald & Co., morocco curriers; J. M. Bullard, grist-mill; People's Ice Company and C. E. Davenport & Co., ice cutters and dealers ; C. L. Farnsworth's bakery ; and many others of less proportions. As has been previously mentioned, about two hun dred acres, or one-fourteenth of the area of the town, is embraced in streets ; of these, some twenty-five miles of highways have been accepted and are under the care and supervision of the surveyors ; the re mainder are private ways. No street less than forty feet in width is accepted. Thanks to the Centennial tree-planting, these avenues are beginning to be well shaded by thrifty forest-trees. They are for the most part thickly studded with residences, which, being of so recent construction, are all of modern style, are kept in remarkably good repair, and present a very attractive appearance. They are the Homes of hun dreds whose daily avocations are pursued in the adja cent city of Boston. The two lines of railway, furnish ing in the aggregate forty-five trains each way to and from the city, provide every facility for this manner of living, and being through lines, the convenience of access to any desired point is unsurpassed. ,The amateur culture of pears and grapes is almost uni versal, and quite successful. The schools of Hyde Park are contained in six buildings. The high school, with about one hundred pupils ' and four 912 HISTORY OF NORFOLK* COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. teachers, is located on the corner of Hyde Park Avenue and Everett Street, near the middle of the town. A small building in the same yard is occupied by a primary school. The Grew School, on Gordon Avenue, Sunnyside, F. H. Dean, principal ; the Damon School, on Readville Street, E. W. Cross, principal ; the Fair- mount School, H. F. Howard, principal ; and the Greenwood School, D. G. Thompson, principal, in the Hazlewood district, are each large edifices, with eight class-rooms and a hall, and in them, at the present writing, one thousand four hundred and fifty scholars are taught by twenty-nine teachers. The annual re ports of the State Board of Education give Hyde Park a very honorable standing among the towns of the commonwealth. The only other public structure belonging to the town is the fire-engine house on Central Park Avenue. This department is well or ganized, and has been effective in subduing fires. W. W. Hilton is chief engineer, C. L. Farnsworth and F. A. Sweet, assistants. The principal apparatus consists of two steamers, one chemical engine, and the requisite hose and hook-and-ladder carriages. The principal other buildings of a qua si- j>ub\ic char acter are the Bank Building, owned by A. H. Hol- way, and Neponset Block, owned by I. J. Brown, both on Everett Square, and Masonic Hall Block, owned by J. S. Conant, and Everett Block, owned by the East Boston Savings-Bank, both on River Street, the latter now containing the town offices. The following is a brief sketch of the only banking institution which Hyde Park can boast. During the winter of 1870-71 the necessary preliminary steps were taken, which resulted in the passage by the Leg islature of " An Act to incorporate the Hyde Park Savings-Bank," approved March 11, 1871, in which Henry Grew, Martin L. Whitcher, and James Down ing were named as corporators. These gentlemen, with the associates whom they selected, — forty in all, — met in the hall then used for a high-school room, corner of River Street and Hyde Park Avenue, April 20, 1871, and voted to accept the charter. A full organization was effected at that time by the choice of Charles F. Gerry as president, with the requisite number of vice-presidents and trustees. At a subsequent meeting of the trustees, at the house of Mr. Whitcher, April 27, 1871, Henry S. Bunton was elected treasurer, and has held the posi tion continuously since. The bank was opened for the reception of deposits in the selectmen's room, town hall, June 17, 1871, the first depositor being John M. Twitchell. On the 1st of September following rooms were occupied in Neponset Block, where the business of the bank was transacted until that building was de stroyed by fire, May 5, 1874. Temporary quarters were then provided in the town offices, Everett Block. The Bank Building was erected in 1875, and the rooms in the same, which are now used, were leased from and after Jan. 1, 1876. The bank has had four presidents, Charles F. Gerry serving five years ; Henry Grew, one year; Isaac J. Brown, three years ; and Robert Bleakie, four years. The bank shared in the embarrassments to which the majority of Massachusetts savings-banks were sub jected as the result of protracted business stagnation and depression. For two years, in common with many others, it was placed by the State Commis sioners under the restrictions of the " Stay Law." By this means one of our most useful local institu tions was preserved, although at the date of resump tion, June 15, 1880, the amount of deposits had dwindled to about thirty thousand dollars. Since that time, under wise and conservative management, the Hyde Park Savings-Bank has prospered, and has received a full measure of the confidence and patron age of the citizens of the town. It has now about eight hundred depositors, the amount of the deposits being one hundred and twenty-five thousand dollars. The present officers are, viz. : President, Robert Bleakie ; Vice-Presidents, Amos H. Brainard, Ben jamin C. Vose, J. Ellery Piper, Sidney C. Putnam; Trustees, Robert Bleakie, William J. Stuart, Benja min F. Radford, David Perkins, Waldo F. Ward, Orin T. Gray, Rinaldo Williams, Frederick N. Tir rell, John S. Bleakie, Hobart M. Cable, Augustus H. Page, James D. McAvoy, Francis W. Tewksbury, Wilbert J. Case, George Sanford ; Treasurer, Henry S. Bunton. The town rejoices in two weekly papers. The Norfolk County Gazette, Samuel R. Moseley, editor, is the lineal descendant of the Dedham Gazette, which was established in Dedham in 1813, and of the Hyde Park Journal, started in Hyde Park in 1868, by Barrows & Getchell. Feb. 26, 1870, the Gazette, then edited by Henry 0. Hildreth, now postmaster at Dedham, and the Journal were united, under the name of the Norfolk County Gazette, Hildreth & Getchell, editors, and the place of publication fixed at Hyde Park. A few years later Mr. Hildreth retired, and Getchell & Moseley carried on the paper until Jan. 13, 1877, when Mr. Getchell was succeeded by Mr. Moseley, the present editor and proprietor. It is by far the oldest paper in the county, and has num bered among its contributors many of the most emi nent men in this section of the State. The Hyde Park Times issued its first number June HYDE PARK. 913 9, 1883, with E. S. Hathaway as its editor ; it soon passed into the hands of Hunt & Chamberlin, and again into those of Herbert E. Hunt, its present editor and proprietor. A mere infant yet, its career and reputation lie before it. Oct. 29, 1868, the Everett House, a pretty and comfortable building, standing on the corner of the square, was opened to the public as a hotel. During the twelve years it was kept open it served as the temporary home of many families now domiciled in homes of their own in the town, and their recollec tions of their sojourn there are doubtless fraught with pleasant memories The Willard House, on Gordon Avenue, was first opened Jan. 22, 1873. It is now called the Lincoln House, and is the only hotel in the place, Hyde Park abounds in secret orders, prominent among which stand the Masons and Odd-Fellows, a detailed account of which organizations follows. Masonic Organizations. — Before the incorpora tion of the town of Hyde Park, the establishment of a lodge was considered desirable by the Masons resi dent within its present territorial limits. A dispen sation was, therefore, procured from the Most Wor shipful Grand Master in response to a petition bearing twenty-one signatures. Preliminary meet ings had been held at various places in Dedham and Hyde Park, and the first regular communication of Hyde Park Lodge was called Feb. 15, 1866, at a small hall on Fairmount Avenue, since occupied by the Advent society. Here the lodge held its meet ings until the following winter, when a hall was leased and fitted up in the Music Hall building, cor ner of River Street and Hyde Park Avenue. The same was dedicated, and Hyde Park Lodge was con stituted by Grand Master Charles C. Dame and the officers of the Grand Lodge, Dec. 21, 1866. The charter members were fifteen in number, viz. : Enoch P. Davis, Charles F. Gerry, Charles A. Jordan, Samuel A. Bradbury, William W. Colburn, William U. Fairbairn, Nathaniel Hebard, James L. Vialle, David S. Hill, Timothy Phelps, William A. Bullard, Robert Campbell, Francis H. Coffin, Waldo F. Ward, and Ambrose B. Galucia. In September, 1869, the fraternity again folded their tents, and occupied apart ments in the third story of the Gordon Hall building, corner of River Street and Gordon Avenue. The , building was purchased by the town the following year, and used and known as the Town Hall until its destruction by fire, March 7, 1883. During this period of nearly fourteen years a Chap ter, Council, and Commandery were organized, and the history of each of the several bodies was one of 58 uninterrupted prosperity. By the fire the fraternity were suddenly ejected from the pleasant rooms which had so long been their home, and suffered a total loss of all their furniture and paraphernalia. By special authority from the Grand Master the meetings of Hyde Park Lodge were held for three months in the hall of Constellation Lodge, of Dedham, and more recently in Neponset Hall, until the completion of spacious and convenient apartments in the new Ma sonic building on River Street. The new halls were occupied by the lodge on the 15th of February, 1884, and are admirably arranged for Masonic purposes. The furniture includes a fine organ, built by Messrs. Hook & Hastings, of Boston. The lodge has now about one hundred and forty members, and includes many of the leading business men and officers of the town. Among the names which have appeared on its roll of membership are those of two venerable Masons, James Downing and Timothy Phelps, each of whom had served the old ' Constellation Lodge, of Dedham, as Worshipful Mas ter. Mr. Downing was made a Mason in 1819, and Mr. Phelps in 1821. Its first chaplain was Rev. Alvan H. Washburn, D.D., who at the time was rector of Christ Church. He was a man of prominence in the church, and his untimely death, Dec. 29, 1876, in a railroad disaster at Ashtabula, Ohio, sent a thrill of sorrow through the hearts of many who had known and loved him. Hyde Park Lodge has a charity fund of good pro portions, and its philanthropic work has been con stant and effective. One of its pleasant social features has been an annual entertainment on Washington's birthday for the benefit of the wives and families of its members. The following-named persons have successively held the office of Worshipful Master since the organization of the lodge, each for a term of service of two years : 1866-67, Enoch P. Davis; 1868-69, Charles F. Gerry; 1870-71, William H. Jordan; 1872-73, Henry S. Bunton; 1874-75, Fergus A. Easton; 1876-77, William H. Ingersoll; 1878-79, Charles H. Colby; 1880-81, John F. Ross; 1882-83, Ste phen B. Balkam. The following is the present list of officers : Henry N. Bates, W. M. ; James F. Mooar, S. W. ; Henrj F. Howard, J. W. ; Henry S. Bunton, Treas.; Thomas D. Tooker, Sec. ; Charles Sturtevant, Chap lain ; Melville P. Morrell, Marshal ; Edwin W. Sawyer, S. D. ; Albert E. Bradley, J. D. ; Robert Scott, Jr., S. S. ; George L. Lang, J. S. ; Thomas F. Sumner, I. S. ; Zorester B. Coes, Organist ; David A. Mc Donald, Tyler. 914 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. Norfolk Royal Arch Chapter commenced its ex istence May 18, 1870, under a dispensation from the Grand High Priest, Henry Chickering. The chap ter was duly consecrated and constituted May 24, 1871, with twenty-eight charter members. Its sev eral High Priests have been, viz. : 1871-72, Gama liel Hodges; 1873, Sylvanus Cobb, Jr.; 1874-76, Henry S. Bunton ; 1877, Charles C. Nichols; 1878, William H. Ingersoll ; 1879, Henry C. Chamberlain ; 1880-81, Charles L. Farnsworth ; 1882-83, Moses N. Gage. Its present officers are Moses N. Gage, M. E. H. P. ; David L. Hodges, E. K. ; Eugene E. Caduc, E. S. ; Sylvanus Cobb, Jr., Treas. ; Henry S. Bunton, Sec. ; Henry N. Bates, C. of H. ; Charles Sturtevant, P. S. ; Melville P. Morrell, R. A. C. ; Philander Harlow, M. 3d V. ; Henry M. Phipps, M. 2d V. ; Edwin C. Aldrich, M. 1st V. ; Andrew Cochran, Chaplain ; Charles L. Farnsworth, S. S. ; Henry S. Holtham, • J. S. ; Edward Roberts, Organist ; David A. Mc Donald, Tyler. The present membership of Norfolk Chapter is about eighty. Two of its members are permanent members of the Grand Chapter of Massachusetts, Sylvanus Cobb, Jr., who was elected Grand Scribe in 1880, and Henry S. Bunton, who was elected Deputy Grand High Priest in 1883. Hyde Park Council of Royal and Select Masters was organized under a dispensation from Charles H. Morris, Most Illustrious Grand Master, dated Oct. 1, 1872, and was chartered and constituted Oct. 6, 1873, with thirty-five charter members. The following-named persons have held the office of Thrice Illustrious Master : 1873-74, Gamaliel Hodges; 1875, Fergus A. Easton; 1876-77, Henry S. Bunton; 1878, John F. Ross ; 1879-80, Sylvanus Cobb, Jr. ; 1881, Charles M. Tilly ; 1882, Henry N. Bates. The present officers are, viz. : David L. Hodges, T. I. M. ; Eugene E. Caduc, D. M. ; Sylvanus Cobb, Jr., P. C. W. ; Francis L. Gerald, Treas. ; Henry S. Bunton, Rec. ; Moses N. Gage, C. of G. ; Charles Sturtevant, C. of C. ; Ellis H. Williams, Chaplain ; John F. Ross, Marshal ; Charles L. Farnsworth. Steward ; David A. McDonald, Sent. The present membership of Hyde Park Council is about sixty. Cyprus Commandery of Knights Templar and the Appendant Orders was organized under dispensa tion from Nicholas Van Slyck, Grand Commander, Oct. 31, 1873. The name was given in allusion to the island of Cyprus, which was the first asylum of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem after their expulsion from the Holy Land. Cyprus Commandery was constituted and dedicated Oct. 12, 1874, by the Grand Com mandery of Massachusetts and Rhode Island, on which occasion Rev. George S. Noyes delivered an historical address. The number of charter members was twenty seven. Its Eminent Commanders have been, viz.: 1873- 75, Gamaliel Hodges ; 1876-77, Henry C. Chamber lain ; 1878, Sylvanus Cobb, Jr. ; 1879-80, Henry S. Bunton ; 1881-82, George F. Lincoln. The present officers are, viz. : Stephen B. Balkam, E. C. ; Moses N. Gage, G. ; Melville P. Morrell, C. G. ; Sylvanus Cobb, Jr., Prel. ; Henry N. Bates, S. W. ; Charles Sturtevant, J. W. ; Daniel J. Goss, Treas. ; Francis L. Gerald, Rec. ; Edwin C. Aldrich, St'd B. ; Philander Harlow, Sw'd B. ; Samuel E. Ward, W. ; Benjamin F. Tyler, Henry S. Holtham, Joel F. Godwin, C. of G. ; David A. McDonald, A. and S. Its present membership is about sixty. Independent Order of Odd-Fellows. — In re sponse to a petition bearing ten signatures, the Grand Lodge granted a charter, and Feb. 20, 1869, Forest Lodge, No. 148, I. O. O. F.,was instituted by Grand Master Levi C. Warren and suite of Grand Officers. The charter members were nine in number, viz. : David Perkins, Rufus B. Plummer, George W. Hal- liday, Sidney Winter, John R. Thompson, Fergus A. Easton, William H. Nightingale, George G. Bolton, and Nathaniel Shepard. The lodge held its first meeting in what was then known as Masonic Hall, in the building now occupied by Putnam & Worden, corner of Hyde Park Avenue and River Street. From this it removed, Oct. 8, 1869, to Bragg's Hall, on Fairmount Avenue, where it remained till January, 1870, when it again changed to the New Masonic Hall, in the late town building, corner of Gordon Avenue and River Street. In 1873 it took up its quarters in Pythias Hall, where it has since remained, the name being changed to Odd-Fellows' Hall. The whole experience of the lodge has been gratifying in respect to its growth in numbers, in social influence, and financially. It was particularly prosperous under the guidance and energetic assistance of Deputy Grand Master Samuel Cochran, a citizen of Hyde Park, a present Grand Master of the Grand Lodge, I. O. O. F., of Massachusetts. Its present active membership is one hundred and seventy-seven, embracing among its members many men of influence and standing in the community, and from whose ranks numerous recipients of municipa honors have been drawn. HYDE PARK. 915 The lodge has some $4000 standing to its credit in safe investments, and lodge furniture, regalia, and paraphernalia to the value of $1500 to $1800 more. The following persons have held successively the position of Noble Grand since 1880, the time of the adoption of the present constitution and by-laws : Henry P. Bussey, from July, 1880, to January, 1881 ; George L. Eldridge, from January, 1881, to July, 1881 ; Frederick E. Rollins, from July, 1881, to July, 1882; William W. Fowler, from July, 1882, to January, 1883; Frank H. Fogg, from January, 1883, to July, 1883 ; Charles S. Butters, from July, 1883, to January, 1884. The present elective officers are: N. G., William E. Kelley ; V. G., James H. Bell ; R. S., Henry F. Arnold; Treas., Francis L. Gerald; P. S., Richard F. Boynton ; Trustees, William Price, George L. Eldridge, Frederick E. Rollins. The appointed officers are : W., Edward J. Price ; O, Edwin L. Slocomb ; O. G., Jacob C. Hanscom ; I. G., William Holtham ; R. S. N. G., Frederick E. Rollins ; L. S. N. G., Robert P. Holmes ; R. S. V. G., James O. Buzzell ; L. S. V. G., Douglas Strachan ; R. S. S., Edwin L. Tuckerman ; L S. S., Henry L. Boss ; Chaplain, George L. Eldridge ; Organist, Frank A. Shuman. Progressive Degree Lodge, No. 34, Daughters of Rebecca, I. O. O. F., was instituted in Odd-Fellows' " Hall, March 8, 1882, by Grand Master Henry W. Clark and suite, of the Grand Lodge of Massachu setts. It began with thirty-three charter and forty- nine other members, and now has ninety-eight. Its first Noble Grand was William Price ; Mrs. Carrie F. Arnold at present holds that office. It meets at Odd-Fellows' Hall, first and third Wednesday evenings in each month. Ambassadress Lodge, No. 5, Union Order of In dependent Otid-Ladies, was instituted in Odd- Fellows' Hall, Feb. 9, 1880, by the late Mrs. Eliza A. Hamlin, then Right Worthy Lady Governess of the Govern ment Lodge. It started with fourteen charter mem bers, and now numbers forty-seven. One member only, Mrs. Emma S. Christopher, has been removed by death. The first presiding officer of the lodge was Mrs. S. J. Boynton ; the present one is Mrs. S. J. Fowler. It meets alternate Tuesday afternoons at Odd-Fellows' Hall. The following secret orders of mutual life insurance societies are established in the town : Hyde Park Lodge, No. 437, Knights of Honor, was organized Jan. 31, 1877. It meets in Neponset Hall on the seeond, fourth, and fifth Wednesdays of each month. Its present membership is one hundred and thirty-one. Neponset Council, No. 136, Royal Arcanum, was organized Aug. 6, 1878. It meets in Neponset Hall, alternate Monday evenings. Its present membership is one hundred. Golden Rule Commandery, No. 53, United Order of the Golden Cross, was organized April 2, 1879. It meets at Neponset Hall on first and third Thurs day evenings. Its present membership is thirty-four. Fairmount Council, No. 149, American Legion of Honor, was organized April 7, 1881. It meets in Odd-Fellows' Hall, second and fourth Thursday evenings. Its present membership is sixty-five. Riverside Lodge, No. 33, Ancient Order of United Workmen, was organized Oct. 31, 1881; meets in Neponset Hall, first and third Tuesdays, and has a membership of sixty-two. St.. John's Court, No. 23, Massachusetts Catholic Order of Foresters, was organized Dec. 14, 1881 ; meets in Odd-Fellows' Hall on second Mondays of each month, and has a membership of fifty. Hyde Park Council, No. 66, Order of United Friends, was organized March 28, 1883 ; meets in Grand Army of the Republic Hall, first and third Thursdays of each month, and has a membership of sixty-three. The subjoined includes the remaining orders and associations : Timothy Ingraham Post, No. 121, Department of Massachusetts, Grand Army of the Republic, was organized March 24, 1870, with the name of H. A. Darling Post. Its present membership is one hundred and thirty-five. It meets in Grand Army of the Republic Hall, on first Mondays of each month from April to October, and on first and third Mondays from October to April. George G. Bailey, Jr., commander. Timothy Ingraham Woman's Relief Corps, No. 35, Dept. Mass., organized Feb. 18, 1884, with forty- four charter members. Mrs. Helen Bryant, presi dent. Meets at Grand Army of the Republic Hall. Young Men's Lyceum, organized April 8, 1883, meets in Lyric Hall, on alternate Thursdays ; mem bership, forty-four. There has just been incorporated a water company, composed of citizens of the town, who propose to soon furnish an ample supply of pure water for domestic and other uses, and thus provide for a want which has been greatly felt. The writer has purposely avoided the ungrateful task of selecting from among his contemporaries names of citizens for special mention or honor. 916 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. Where particular reference has been made to indi viduals, it has been in consequence of their connection with events which fell within the scope of this me moir. Hyde Park contains at least its fair propor tion of men and women whose abilities and achieve ments will leave an indelible mark after them, but it will devolve upon some future historian to commemo rate them. Our successors are our only just biogra phers. It only remains now to refer to the town's repre sentatives and local government. Hyde Park did not become entitled to a representa tive in the General Court until 1877. Charles F. Gerry served in that capacity during that year, it being the last year of his residence here. His suc cessor was William J. Stuart, who served during 1878 and 1879. Hobart M. Cable followed him, and held the position during 1880-83. Henry C. Stark is the present representative. The principal town offices are now held by the fol lowing gentlemen : Selectmen, H. C. Stark, D. W. C. Rogers, Samuel Cochran ; Assessors, J. F. Goodwin, George Sanford, Charles Haley ; Treasurer, Henry S. Bunton ; Col lector, George Sanford ; Town Clerk, Henry B. Terry • School Committee, Andrew Washburn, C. G. Chick, H. S. Bunton, R. M. Johnson, G. M. Fellows, H. M. Cable. The present valuation of the town is $4,855,402. Hyde Park has now passed through the somewhat boisterous, turbulent, and doubtful period of adoles cence, and stands upon the threshold of a long life of promise and vigor. Favored in its location, strong in its resources, proud of its institutions and its people, it looks to the future with hope and confidence. The writer must express his acknowledgment of the ready assistance afforded him by several, and particu larly by Mr. Henry A. Rich, who placed in his hands a mass of valuable papers gathered during tho last twenty-eight years with a view to their use in the preparation of an extended history of Hyde Park, which Mr. Rich proposes to have prepared at an early date. Without these the foregoing sketch would have been, necessarily, much more incomplete. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. ROBERT BLEAKIE. Robert Bleakie was born Aug. 1, 1833, at Ruther- glen, near Glasgow, Scotland, and is the eldest of the four children of John and Mary Maxwell Bleakie. In 1836 the elder Bleakie moved to Hawick, Scot land, where he followed his profession, that of an over seer of woolen weavers, for the prominent firm of Dixon & Laing. Robert received the first of his school education in an institution under the manage ment of the Presbyterian Church, and at the age of eleven years entered the employ of the above firm as a bobbin-boy, and in a year's time became a weaver under his father. In 1847 his father engaged to go to America, in the employ of the famous Salisbury Mills, of Salisbury and Amesbury, Mass., for the purpose of starting the first fancy woolen looms in the country. Less than one year later the family followed, under the care of Robert, who was employed in the mills as a weaver until 1850, when the family moved to East Green wich, R. I., where he followed his trade until 1852, when he, in his turn, was called to take charge of the weaving department of the very successful Elm Street Woolen Mills, in Providence, R. I., and while living. in that city he completed his school education at night schools. Here he continued until 1859, when he was engaged as superintendent of the Harrison Mills, at Franklin, N. J. Two years later he accepted a simi lar position in a large woolen-mill in Rhode Island, where he remained until he went into business for himself, starting a one-set woolen-mill, in 1861, at Tolland, Conn. While considering, in 1864, a proposition to go into business with Messrs. Chapin & Downes, of Providence, R. I., he received what seemed an ad vantageous offer, to take the superintendence of the woolen company's mills at Hyde Park, which he ac cepted, and in this place he has since made his home, except for a short interval, during which he resided in Amesbury, Mass. After the destruction of the mills at Hyde Park by fire, in June, 1873, Mr. Bleakie assisted in the management of several other mills controlled by the same owners. Early in 1876 he invited his brother, John S., and his friend, Charles Fred. Allen, to become his partners in the woolen business, and they commenced operations under the firm-name of Robert Bleakie & Co., in a six-set mill at Sabattus, in the town of Webster, Me., on the 1st day of February. Before the end of the year they hired an eight-set mill at Amesbury, Mass., and afterwards bought both, and operated them in connection with the woolen-mill in Hyde Park, which was purchased by the firm in 1878, and supplied with fourteen sets of machinery. The business at Sabattus, Me., had increased to eleven sets in 1882, making the whole number thirty-three under one private management, with headquarters at /^Z^V (fl^aZTS^ ;¦;>' m j§ltg§ HYDE PARK. 917 Hyde Park, and doing an annual business of more than a million dollars. Mr. Bleakie was twice married. Of five children three survive, — two daughters and a son. As a citizen, he has always taken an active interest in national, State, and local affairs, although he has never been persuaded to accept public office. He has always commanded the confidence of his fellow-citi zens. He is a member of the Masonic order, and for several years has been the president of the Hyde Park Savings-Bank. WILLIAM J. STUART. William J. Stuart, son of Arthur and Agnes (Mason) Stuart, was born in Philadelphia, Pa., March 15, 1828. He comes from the noted Stuarts of Scot land, through a Scotch-Irish branch. His father was prominently connected with railroading in the United States from its earliest days, being employed on the Pottsville Railroad, in Pennsylvania, one of the first adventures of this now greatly multiplied means of travel. About 1835 he came to Boston, and became what is now called assistant superintendent or general manager of the Boston and Worcester Railroad, and thus William received the educational advantages of the justly-celebrated public schools of Boston, sup plemented by two years' attendance at Marshall S. Rice's private school at Newton. When he was four teen years old he was indentured to learn the trade of coppersmith with Hinckley & Drury (predecessors of Boston Locomotive-Works). Serving until he was of age, he became master of all the details of the business, but, wishing a short change of avocation, he went to Pennsylvania, and passed one season with a company of civil engineers on a railroad in the Le high Valley. Returning to Boston, the next year he engaged in business for himself as a coppersmith in South Boston, on the site ever since occupied by him for the same purpose. Since the establishment of his business, which was then largely devoted to locomo tive work, there have been three radical changes in the character of his products. From locomotive work he changed to sugar-works for Cuban plantations. About 1860 this trade was superseded by steamboat work for Loring, the ship-builder, and during the Rebellion was entirely employed on government ves sels. He made the copper-work of the first two gun boats (small ones) ordered by the government, and also for, among numerous others, the " Nahant" and " Canonicus," and put all of the copper-work into Commodore Farragut's celebrated flag-ship ' Hart ford." When the war closed and government work ceased, Mr. Stuart for some years was engaged on sugar machinery and brewery fittings, but now makes a specialty of radiators for house-warming. He has been content with a profitable business of moderate extent, has never tried to do a rushing business, and has had no desire to change from the even tenor of his regular avocation. Although burned out three times, he has, on each occasion, at once rebuilt, and, as before mentioned, carries on his business to-day where he first started. Mr. Stuart married, May 23, 1853, Sarah M., daughter of the distinguished Dr. Leroy Sunderland. She was a woman of more than ordinary attractions and character. She died July 26, 1871. On Oct. 4, 1874, he was married to Mrs. Elizabeth G. Daniels, daughter of Edward and Ruth (Snow) Barber. Mr. Stuart became a resident of Fairmount in the spring of 1858, and the next year became a land owner here, and erected his present residence. He was one of the incorporators of the town of Hyde Park, was elected one of its first board of selectmen, was its second representative to the Legislature, serv ing two years (1878-79), and is now one of the three commissioners of the sinking fund of the town. He has ever been active in public affairs, is a thoroughly genial and pleasant social companion, and has many friends. He is an advanced thinker, and holds the most liberal and progressive views in politics, religion, and other questions of the day. Originally Free- Soil, he has been a Radical Republican since 1856. Pos sessed of a fine amount of property, the reward of his diligence and attention to business, he is one of the best representatives of the town of his adoption, and to whose welfare he has given so much of his service, and holds a high place in the regards of his townsmen. MAJ. ANDREW WASHBURN. Andrew Washburn, son of Joshua and Sylvia (Mosman) Washburn, was born at Newton, Mass., Aug. 23, 1830. He is a scion of the highly distinguished Washburn family, which has held so many prominent positions in civil, military, and professional affairs. Governor Emory Washburn once informed Andrew that his great-grandfather and Andrew's grandfather was the same person. Joshua Washburn was born in Natick about 1800. He removed to Newton about 1820, where he mar ried Sylvia Mosman, a native of Weston, Mass., but of Scotch ancestry. He purchased a large farm, on which he has resided for over sixty years, combining the avocation of merchant with that of agriculturist. His present homestead lies in the centre of Auburn- 918 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. dale (Ward 4, Newton), which occupies the greater part of his former estate. He is now hale and vig orous at the age of nearly eighty-five. A man of decided principles, he was one of the very earliest to espouse the cause of freedom for the slave side by side with Jackson, Phillips, Weld, and Garrison, when even a suspicion of abolitionism meant almost social ostracism, and placed its supporters at the mercy of lawless mobs. Often when he was attending anti- slavery meetings Mrs. Washburn would pass the hours at home in terror, fearing never to see him alive. He was never an office-seeker, and shrunk from all such positions, excepting those connected with town affairs, which he discharged, as became a good citizen, with the same sound practical sense that characterized him in his private affairs. He has been for years a member of the Orthodox Congregational Church, and was at one time parish clerk of the Second Church of Newton. Mrs. Joshua Washburn died in 1865, aged sixty-five. Of their six children, of whom Andrew is third child and second son, four now survive. Andrew was fitted for college at Newton by Rev. Dr. Gilbert, and at Grantville (Wellesley Hills) by Rev. Mr. Adams. He entered the class of 1848 at Middlebury College, Vermont, and after two years passed from the sophomore class of that college into the junior class at Harvard, a fact which speaks well for his proficiency at that time. He was graduated from Harvard University in 1852, and at once engaged in teaching, which profession he followed in high schools and academies for about eight years. In 1861, Maj. Washburn was resident superintendent of the Massachusetts State School for Feeble-Minded at South Boston. This position he resigned to take a commission of first lieutenant in the Fourteenth Regi ment, Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry (afterwards First Heavy Artillery), and was quartermaster and commissary of the regiment. From Fort Warren, where the regiment was organized, it was ordered to Washington, and there was kept for some months as part of the defensive forces of that city. It was sent to the front, however, and Mr. Washburn with it participated in the second battle of Bull Run, after which engagement they again were placed on the defensive force of Washington. Mr. Washburn was commissioned major Jan. 16, 1862, and served as regimental and brigade quartermaster, regimental aud brigade chief of ordnance, and also served on the staff of Maj.-Gen. A. W. Whipple as chief of ordnance and artillery. His period of service in the Army of the Potomac was about two years, mostly in Wash ington and vicinity. He then returned to Massachu setts, and was employed as construction clerk, assist ant master pyrotechnist and master of pyrotechnics, and to take charge of the laboratories at the arsenal at Watertown. Here he remained until the close of the war. Resigning these offices, he then went to Richmond, Va., for the Freedmen's Aid Society of Boston, as superintendent of its schools, and was appointed to the same position for white schools by the American Union Commission of New York. Soon after arriving at Richmond he received the appoint ment of inspector of schools for the State of Virginia under the Freedmen's Bureau, with headquarters at Richmond. He was a member of the City Council, and drafted the bill organizing the schools under the new order, and was made the first city superintend ent. Afterwards, in connection with Dr. Sears, agent of the Peabody Fund, he established the Rich mond Normal School, and was its principal five years. For two years during the same period Maj. Washburn was clerk of the Hustings Court, with seven deputies and clerks, and had all the responsibility of the crim inal business of the city, and of all courts of record, probate, etc. He was also appointed United States pension agent, and twice commissioned as such, and was offered a third commission, which was declined. As an evidence of the high valuation placed upon Maj. Washburn's services, we give the following letter from Hon. Columbus Delano, Secretary of the In terior : " Department op the Interior, "Washington, D.C., Jan. 25, 181b. " Dear Sir, — I am advised by your letter of the 7th that you decline a reappointment as Pension Agent at Richmond, Va. " I take pleasure in expressing my satisfaction with your administration, because it has always been marked with fidelity to the public interests, and I trust that the conduct of your suc cessor will be equally satisfactory to the Pension OSace and to this Department. " With a sincere desire for your future prosperity and suc cess, I am, " Very truly yours, (Signed) " C. Delano. "Hon. Andrew Washburn, " Pension Agent, " Richmond, Va." He was one of the executive committee of the National Council of the Union League, an organiza tion numbering at that time many thousand members in the Southern States, and was president of the Virginia State Council of the same order. He was president of the Richmond Colored Normal School Association for seven or eight years. The public schools of Richmond have stood to the present as established, and have never taken one retrograding step. This city is the only place in the Bngi'byAll.nilcKUi CANTON. 919 Southern States of which this can be said, and this result is largely due to the care, foresight, and wisdom of Major Washburn. Probably no other man could have been found who was better fitted for bis work, or who would have discharged his numerous and re sponsible duties with more ability, or who would, from the ruined and chaotic state of society in the anarchy immediately subsequent to a great war, have evolved such beneficial and satisfactory results as were brought about by him ; aud he has the satisfaction of knowing that his services have been appreciated, and that where his labors were carried on he still has the warmest friendship of the best people. While a resi dent of Richmond his private business was extensive, and we mention a few of the enterprises in which he was engaged in order to show his active, energetic, New England character. He had the contract for cutting the granite for the new building of the De partment of State at Washington, employing from fifteen hundred to two thousand men. He was presi dent of the Buckingham Slate Company, with a large number of employes, and, with one other, purchased a large tract of timber land, on which they erected saw-mills, and employed many wood-choppers and timber-cutters, producing timber, lumber, shingles, hoop-poles, etc. After his return to Massachusetts, in 1875, he resided two years at Walpole, where he engaged in manufacturing " curled hair" for about one year. He served as chairman of school commit tee in Walpole. From Walpole he removed to Hyde Park, where he has since been resident. He is now vice-president and director of the New York Refining Company, organized under the laws of New York for manufacturing and handling petroleum products, of which organization he was one of the incorporators. He married, May 24, 1854, Eliza, daughter of James and Marcy (Stone) Billings Gardner. Her father is of the Dorchester branch of the Gardner family, which goes back as a family of good repute to the infancy of New England colonization. Their children now living are Gardner and Mary. Major Washburn is Republican in politics. He has been member of the school committee of Hyde Park for seven years, four of which he has been chair man, which office he now holds. He is a member of Forest Lodge (Hyde Park) of I. 0. 0. F. ; of Co lumbian Lodge (Boston), St. Andrew Chapter, of Boston ; Hyde Park Council ; and Hyde Park Com mandery of F. and A. M. In social life Mr. Washburn is characterized by pleasing, unassuming manners and warmth of friend ship, and enjoys a wide range of cultured and intel lectual acquaintance. CHAPTER LXXI. CANTON.i BY SAMUEL B. NOYES. Indian Name of the Town, Punkapaog — John Eliot — Organ ization of Precinct, 1715 — List of Precinct Officers — Incor poration of Stoughton, 1726 — Roger Sherman — War of the Revolution — Various Votes — The Suffolk Resolves — The First Troops from Stoughton — Capt. James Endicott's Company — Other Companies — Committee of Correspondence and Inspec tion — Documentary History — Incorporation of Town — Names of Petitioners— First Town Officers— War of 1812— Extracts from Town Records — The First School-House. The Indian name of the town of Canton was " Pakemit, or Punkapaog." " The signification of the name," writes Gookin, in his " Historical Collections of the Indians of New England," " is taken from a spring that ariseth out of red earth. This town is situated south from Boston about fourteen miles." Pakemit, or Punkapaog, was a part of that terri tory which was granted to the town of Dorchester by the General Court in 1637, and which comprised the present territory of the towns of Canton, Stough ton, Sharon, portions of Foxborough, and Wrentham. In the year 1636, according to Blake's " Annals of Dorchester," " This Year ye Gen. Court made a Grant to Dorchester of ye old part of ye Township, as far as ye great Blew-hill : and ye town took a Deed of Kitchamakin Sachem of ye Massachusetts for ye same." That became incorporated as the town of Milton, 1662. The apostle John Eliot had begun to preach to the Indians at Neponset Mill, Dorchester, as early, probably, as the year 1633. The Neponset Mill, built this year, was the first mill built in this colony, and in the year 1657, " the town at the request of ye Revd. Mr. John Eliot, Granted Punkapaog Planta tion for ye Indians and appointed men to lay it out, not exceeding 6000 acres." Here the apostle prob ably came to preach, and the first magistrate who was appointed to have charge of the Indians in the colony, Maj.-Gen. Daniel Gookin, came with him. "Eliot's son John (H. U. 1656) began his ministerial labors among the Indians about the time he left college," says Sibley ; and Gookin says, " For sundry years he 1 In the preparation and compilation of this history, free use has been made of the material furnished by the valuable and timely address made by Hon. Charles Endicott, July 1, 1876, and the published historical contributions made by Hon. Ellis Ames, with their kind assent and co-operation. S. B. N. 920 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. preached the Gospel unto the Indians once a fort night constantly at Pakemitt, until his decease in 1688, at the age of 32." The village was about two miles southwest of Blue Hill, and about three miles southeast of the town of Dedham. In 1674 there were "not above twelve families in it, and so about sixty souls." Here they worshiped God and kept the Sabbath in the same manner as was done at Natick. They had a ruler, a constable, and a schoolmaster. Their ruler's name was Ahawton ; their teacher, William Ahawton, his son. " In this village," says Gookin, " besides their planting and keeping cattle and swine, and fishing in good ponds and upon Neponsitt River which lieth near them ; they were also advantaged by a large cedar swamp, wherein such as are laborious and dili gent do get many a pound by cutting and preparing cedar shingles and clapboards, which sell well at Boston and other English towns adjacent." In 1637, " ye Gen. Court made a Second Grant to ye Town house to Plymouth Line called ye New Grant." In 1707, " Punkapoag Plantation with some other of ye Inhabitants of ye New Grant were set off a Precinct by themselves as far as Machopaog Pond and Moose Hill, and ye meeting-house ordered to be sett where it now stands upon Packeen Plain." In 1717 a church was gathered, and on the 30th of October, Rev. Joseph Morse (Harvard University, 1795) was ordained pastor thereof. The territory, including what is now Canton, Sharon, Stoughton, and a part of Foxborough, together with some other parcels of land now in Wrentham and Dedham, was created a precinct, with the necessary powers and privileges exercised in precincts for the maintenance of the gospel ministry, on the 19th day of December, 1715. That territory was then a part of Dorchester, and the precinct was called Dorchester South Precinct, until it was all incorporated into a town by the name of Stoughton, in December, 1726. The precinct was organized and held its first meet ing March 28, 1716, when Joseph Hewins was chosen moderator and precinct clerk, and Henry Crane, John Fenno, and Joseph Hewins, assessors. The following is a list of officers for the precinct annually, until its incorporation into a town in De cember, 1726, together with the date of the annual meeting : March 25, 1717. Samuel Andrews, moderator; Peter Lyon, clerk ; Assessors, Peter Lyon, Joseph Hewins, Henry Crane. March 17, 1718. Peter Lyon, moderator; Peter Lyon, clerk ; Assessors, Peter Lyon, John Vose, John Fenno. March 4, 1719. Joseph Hewins, moderator; Joseph Hewins, clerk; Assessors, Joseph Hewins, John Puffer, Joseph Tucker. March 21, 1720. Joseph Hewins, moderator; Peter Lyon, clerk ; Assessors, Peter Lyon, Joseph Tucker, and William Crane. March 3, 1723. , moderator; Joseph Tucker, clerk; Assessors, Joseph Tucker, , John Fenno. March 5, 1722. Samuel Bullard, moderator; Joseph Tucker, clerk; Assessors, Joseph Tucker, Samuel Bullard, and William Crane. March 4, 1723. Samuel Bullard, moderator; Joseph Tucker, clerk; Assessors, Joseph Tucker, Samuel Bullard, and William Crane. Ma,rch — , 1724. Joseph Hewins, moderator; Joseph Tucker, clerk ; Assessors, Joseph Tucker, Samuel Bullard, William Crane. March 1, 1725. Elder Joseph Hewins, moderator; Joseph Tucker, clerk; Assessors, Joseph Tucker, Samuel Bullard, William Crane. March 1,1726. Nathaniel Hubbard, moderator : Joseph Tucker, clerk; Assessors, Joseph Tucker, John Fenno, Peter Lyon. In 1724 a portion of the new grant was set off to Wrentham, and on the 22d of December, 1726, the town of Stoughton was incorporated, and the present towns of Stoughton, Canton, Sharon, and a part of Foxborough were included within its limits. Dor chester interposed no objection to the act of incorpo ration, for when the question came before that town to see whether they would agree to its being set off, the vote was thirty-four in favor and twenty-nine against it. On June 20, 1765, Stoughtonham was incorporated as a district, and continued as such until by a general act, passed Aug. 23, 1775, that and all other districts of like character were invested with all the powers and privileges of towns. By special act Feb. 25, 1783, Stoughtonham took the name of Sharon. This part of the old town of Stoughton (now Can ton) constituted the First Precinct or Parish, and that part, now Stoughton, after the incorporation of Stoughtonham as a district, constituted the Second Precinct. We may assume that the inhabitants of the differ ent precincts lived harmoniously together under one town government, increasing in population and wealth, . maintaining their churches and schools, and educating themselves and their children in these as well as in the town-meeting, the militia, and the General Court, not only for the ordinary duties of life, but also for those of local government and the more stern realities of the Revolutionary crisis. Here, within a mile of this spot, Roger Sherman, whose name is appended to the Declaration of Inde pendence, and who was one of the committee that re ported it to the Congress, passed the days of his boy hood and youth, even if not born here upon our own CANTON. 921 territory, which is a matter of some doubt and uncer tainty. The Revolutionary War. — For a series of years preceding the Declaration of Independence the action of the British ministry and Parliament on the subjects of taxation, trade, and labor had been such as to ex asperate the colonies, and doubtless led many thinking minds to reflect upon the value to the colonies of their connection with the mo ther- country and the absurdity of remaining in subjection under the many grievances imposed upon them. That a people like this, numbering two and a half millions, with an extensive territory and ample room for expansion, could long remain subject to a foreign government that oppressed and held them down is utterly inconceivable. Sabine scouts the idea that the stamp-duty and the tea-duty were the causes of the American Revolution. " Colonies," says he, " become nations as certainly as boys become men, and by a similar law." '• The De claration of the fifty-six at Philadelphia was but the contract signed by the forty-one sad and stricken ones in the waters of Provincetown, with the growth of one hundred and fifty-six years." " At most, taxation and the kindred questions did but accelerate the dis memberment of the British Empire, just as a man whose lungs are half consumed hastens the crisis by suicide." For years prior to 1776, Samuel Adams, the great leader of Revolutionary sentiment, had labored with all his powers to instill into the minds of the people republican ideas. He was unreservedly for separation and independence, which he had avowed as early as 1769, and which he wished to have declared imme diately after the battle of Lexington. He foresaw that sooner or later it must come, and to his view, apparently, the sooner the better. " Taxation" and " Taxation without Representa tion" were the watch-words to some considerable ex tent. But it was not simply the paltry taxes that were levied upon the colonies that led to independ ence. These words were but the terms used to signify a certain class of legislative acts that were especially aimed at the industrial and maritime interests of the colonies. Sabine tells us, " there were no less than twenty-nine laws which restricted and bound down Colonial industry," " hardly one of which, until the passage of the Stamp Act, imposed a direct tax." " They forbade the use of water-falls, the erecting of machinery, of looms and spindles, and the working of wood and iron ; they set the king's arrows upon trees that rotted in the forests." It was not so much " direct taxation" as it was this restrictive policy and legislation, the end and purpose of which was to keep the colonies as mere tributaries and market-places for the trade and manufactures of the mother-country, and to prevent our merchants from carrying on trade with any nation other than Great Britain. The colonies hesitated long before proceeding to active resistance, but having once entered upon it, the path of duty became plain, and they persevered until success crowned their efforts. In the early spring of 1773 the Boston Committee of Correspondence, at the head of which was Samuel Adams, addressed a letter to the town, and a meeting was called to consider it. The record proceeds as follows : "At a Town Meeting, legally assembled in Stoughton on Monday ye 1st day of March, a.d. 1773. Mr. Joseph Billings, Moderator. " Voted to hear the Letter sent from the Town of Boston: and after some debates, the following Letter was read : " To the Boston Committee of Correspondence : "Honored Gentlemen: "Having had opportunity to hear and consider your Let ter to us: for which we are obliged and Thankful to you; We, according to our best understanding, think that our rights as Men, as Christians and British subjects are rightly stated by you and in the many instances produced have been greatly in fringed upon and Violated by Arbitrary Will and Power. We esteem them heavy grievances, and apprehensive that in future time they may prove fatal to us and our Posterity, as to all that is dear to us, Reducing us not only to Poverty but Slavery, We do Humbly Remonstrate against them and concur with you and our Brethren in several Towns of the Province, tho' we cannot Joyn with all the Towns, nor with you in every circum stance and Particular of your Proceeding, Yet we must concur with you and them in Bearing our Testimony against them and in uniting in all Constitutional methods for regaining these Rights and Privileges that have been ravished from us and for retaining those that yet Remain to us and accordingly we advise and Instruct our Representative to exert himself for these ends. And as that this Province ever had, and (ought) to have a right to Petition to the King for the Redress of such grievances as they feel and for Preventing such as they have just Reason to apprehend and fear, that he move that an Hum ble Petition for these Purposes be Presented to His Majesty, Hoping for a Divine Blessing upon all our Constitutional En deavours for the Preservation and Enjoyment of all our natu ral and Constitutional Rights and Privileges, and Professing our Loyalty to the King and Praying that he may Long sit npon the throne and Rule in Righteousness, and that he may be a nursing father to us bis Loyal Subjects and all bis officers may be peace and his exactions Righteousness, We. subscribe ourselves your distressed Brethren and oppressed fellow sub jects.'7 " Voted to accept of this Letter and that it be Recorded upon the Town Book, and a copy be sent by the Town Clerk to the Committee of Correspondence in Boston." It will be seen that at this time the town was ex tremely cautious about committing itself to the views and purposes of the Boston committee. They agreed fully in the statement of grievances, but preferred to continue their petitions to the king. This caution is 922 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. still further exhibited by the action of the town-meet ing held on July 11, 1774, when it was " Voted to dismiss the 2d Article, viz : — To see if the Town will vote to pay £2. 17. 9. to the HonMe Thomas Cushing, Esq0, of Boston, by ye 15th day of August next, to pay ye Committee of this Province chosen by our General Court to meet ye Com mittee of other governments." It is evident, however, that there were active friends of resistance in Stoughton, and that they were not idle, nor were they long delayed in bringing the town to their way of thinking. A little more than a month from the date of the preceding meeting, to wit, on the 16th of August, as Bancroft informs us, " a county congress-," of the towns of Suffolk (which then embraced what is now Norfolk), met at a tavern in the village of Stoughton. This tavern, Mr. D. T. V. Huntoon says, was the " Doty Tavern," a building now standing a little to the south of the base of Blue Hill. At this meeting Joseph Warren was present. " As the aged Samuel Dunbar, the rigid Calvinist Minister," of the First Parish, continues Bancroft, " breathed forth among them his prayer for liberty, the venerable man seemed inspired with ' the most divine and prophetical enthu siasm.' ' We must stand undisguised upon one side or the other,' said Ebenezer Thayer, of Braintree." We do not find that the Stoughton men, who may have attended this meeting at Doty's tavern, were chosen thereto by any action of the town ; so far as our own citizens were concerned, it was an individual matter. It is said, however, by Bancroft, " that the members were unanimous and firm, but that 'they postponed their decision till it could be promulgated with greater formality,' " and, so far as this town was concerned, it may be added, with greater authority. To this end, and in contempt of Gage and the act of Parliament, they directed special meetings in every town and precinct in the county to elect delegates, with full powers to appear at Dedham on the first Monday in September. On the 29th day of August another town-meeting was held. The meeting at Doty's Tavern had had its effect; the appearance there of the aged minister Dun bar probably had created enthusiasm among the people, given courage to the timid, and hope to all. William Royal was chosen moderator, and it was " Voted that a Committee be chosen to represent ye Town in a County Convention of y6 Towns and Districts of this County to be holden at the house of Richard Woodward at Dedham on Tuesday ye 6th day of September next, with full power of ad journing, acting and doing all such matters and things in said Convention, or in a general Convention of the Countys of this Province as to them may appear of Public Utility in this day of Public and General Distress." " Voted that five persons be chosen for this Purpose, and also that John Withington, The ophilus Curtis, John Kenney, Jedediah Southworth and Josiah Pratt be this Committee." "That this Committee be directed to endeavor to obtain a County Indemnification for all such persons as may be fined or otherwise suffered by a non-compliance with a Late Act of ye British Parliament, intitled 'An Act for the better regula tion of the Government of the Massachusetts Bay in North America.' " That this Committee be also a Committee of Correspondence to advise and correspond with the other Towns in this Province about all such matters and things as may appear to them likely in any way to affect the Public." On the 6th of September, 1774, the county con vention assembled at the house of Mr. Woodward, in Dedham ; every town and district in the county was represented. Their business was referred to a com mittee, of which Joseph Warren was chairman. The convention was adjourned to meet on Friday, the 9th of September, at the house of Daniel Vose, in Milton, when Warren presented the resolutions, with an elaborate report introductory thereto, from which we extract two lines, in these words : " On the forti tude, on the wisdom, and on the' exertions of this important day, is suspended the fate of this new world and of unborn millions." The address and resolutions, since known as the " Suffolk Resolves," were unanimously adopted. And it was " Voted, That Joseph Warren, Esq. and Doct. Benjamin Church of Boston, Deacon Joseph Palmer and Col. Ebenezer Thayer of Braintree, Capt. Lemuel Robinson, Wil liam Holden, Esq. and Capt. John Homans of Dorchester, Capt. William Heath of Roxbury, Col. William Taylor and Doct. Sam uel Gardner of Milton, Isaac Gardner, Esq., Capt. Benjamin White, and Capt. Thomas Aspinwall of Brookline, Nathaniel Sumner, Esq., and Mr. Richard Woodward of Dedham, be a Committee to wait on his Excellency Govr Gage and inform him that this County is alarmed at the fortifications making on Boston Neck, and to remonstrate against the same." The committee on the next day prepared an ad dress " To His Excellency, Thomas Gage, Esq., Cap tain-General and Commander-in-Chief of His Maj esty's Province of Massachusetts Bay," and presented the same to Gage on Monday, the 12th. To this address the Governor replied on the same day; after which the committee met together and adopted an answer to the Governor, of which a copy was delivered to Secretary Flucker by Joseph War ren, with a desire that he would present it to the Governor, and request His Excellency to appoint a time for receiving it in form, which, as the committee were informed, the Governor declined. These resolves attracted great attention. They were sent by special messengers to our delegates in the Continental Congress, delighting Samuel Adams and John Adams, and creating great excitement in the Continental Congress, where they were read. Jo- CANTON. 923 seph Galloway, a loyalist, at one time a member of the Continental Congress, in his " Historical and Political Reflections of the Rise and Progress of the American Revolution, London, 1780," said these "Suffolk Resolves" "contained a complete declaration of war against Great Britain." On the 26th day of September, at a town-meeting held in the First Precinct (in the meeting-house which stood within twenty rods of this spot), the town, together with the District of Stoughtonham, made choice of Mr. Thomas Crane for their represen tative, and voted him the following instructions : "Sir. — As we have now chosen you to Represent us in the Great and General Court to be holden at Salem on Wednesday y« 5th day of October next ensuing, We do hereby Instruct you that in all your doings as a member of the House of Represen tatives you adhere firmly to the charter of this Province, granted by their Majesties King William and Queen Mary, and that you do no act that can possibly be construed into an ac knowledgment of the validity of ye act of yG British Parliament for altering ye Government of Massachusetts-Bay. More espe cially that you acknowledge y° Honourable Board of Counsel lors elected by ye General Court at their session in May last as ye only rightful and Constitutional Counsel of this Province; and as we have reason to believe that a Conscientious Discharge of your duty will Produce your Disolution as an House of Rep resentatives, We do hereby Impower and Instruct you to join with ye members who may be sent from this and ye other Towns in ye Province, and to meet with them at a time to be agreed upon in a General Provincial Congress to act upon such mat ters as may come before you, in such a manner as may appear to you most conducive to ye true Interest of this Town and Province and most likely to Preserve the Liberties of all North America." On the same day the town made choice of Mr. John Withington to meet the committee from the several towns in this province, at Concord, the second Tuesday in October next, in a General Provincial Congress, " to act upon such matters as may come be fore you in such a manner as may appear to you most t conducive to the true interest of this town and prov ince and most likely to preserve the liberties of all North America." Jan. 9, 1775, the town made choice of Mr. Thomas Crane to represent them in a Provincial Congress to be held at Cambridge the 1st day of February next. At the same meeting it was put to vote whether the town would send their province money to Henry Gardner, Esq., and it passed in the negative. Gardner had been elected province treasurer by the Provincial Congress. This money consisted of tax money collected by the constables for the province, and the proposition really was to divert it from the use of his majesty's officers and treasury and use it for the purpose of resisting the encroachments of the crown. How this vote could have been carried in the nega tive after what had already taken place it is a little difficult to conceive ; however that may have been, at an adjourned meeting held a week later the vote was reconsidered, and it was " voted to send all our province money to Henry Gardner, Esq., of Stow, as is recommended by ye Provincial Congress." It j was further " Voted to indemnify the constables for not carrying the Province money to Harrison Gray, Esq.," who was the treasurer of the crown. On the same day the Continental Congress and j their resolves were fully approved and a Committee of Inspection chosen, consisting of nineteen persons, viz. : John Withington, John Kenney, Adam Black- man, James Endicott, Jeremiah Ingraham, Abner Crane, Peter Talbot, Jonathan Capen, Robert Capen, Jedediah Southworth, Samuel Shepard, David Vin ton, Theophilus Curtis, Josiah Pratt, Eleazer Robins, Samuel Tucker, Benjamin Gill, Robert Swan, and Peter Gay. This committee was instructed to use its interest that the resolves and the association of the Conti nental Congress be closely adhered to. Matters now looked warlike, for on March 6, 1775, the town " Voted to raise one quarter of the Militia as Minute men agreeable to the advice of ye Pro vincial Congress," " and to give them one shilling for half a day's training, for two half days every week." The field-officers with the selectmen were directed to raise the men. March 20th, the town " Voted that Mr. Thomas Crane attend the County Congress at Mr. Daniel Vose's in Milton, yG 26th day of April next." It will be remembered that it was at the house of Mr. Vose that the Suffolk Resolves were adopted on Sept. 9, 1774. Whether the meeting at Mr. Vose's was held on the 26th we are not informed, very likely not, for be fore that time important events were to happen. The 19th of April was fast approaching. Gage had de termined to cripple the country towns by destroying the colony stores at Concord, and secretly prepared an expedition for that purpose. A force of eight hun dred grenadiers and infantry crossed in boats from the foot of the Common to East Cambridge. The activity of Warren and Paul Revere discovered the purpose of Gage, and arrangements were made by which Concord and the Middlesex towns should be notified. Paul Revere's famous midnight ride on the 18th of April aroused the people of Medford, Lex ington, and Concord, and it almost seems as if the clatter of his horse's hoofs was heard here in Stoughton, for, on the 19th, nine companies of 924 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. militia marched from Stoughton and the district of Stoughtonham to the assistance of their brethren, viz. : " William Briggs' '* ... 41 ' " Asahel Smith's " ... 77 ' " Peter Talbot's " ... 85 ' " Josiah Pratt's " ... 33 ' u Israel Smith's " ... 23 ' " Samuel Payson's " ... 33 * " Edward Bridge Savels' ... 64 ' " Ebenezer Tisdale's a ... 31 ' Making in all four hundred and seventy men who marched from Stoughton and Stoughtonham on that eventful day. On the 27th of April, Capt. William Bent's com pany, fifty-nine men, marched to Roxbury for three months and twelve days' service. In June, Capt. Frederick Pope enlisted a company of fifty-eight men for one month and nine days' service. Capt. Endicott, on the 4th of March, 1776, marched with his company of forty-one men " to the assistance of the Continental troops, when they for tified on the heights of Dorchester." A little later in the same year, with eighty-two men, he marched to Ticonderoga, and on the 28th of March, 1778, to Roxbury, " agreeable to an Order of Council," with seventy-eight men. On the 22d of March, 177€, Capt. Theophilus Lyon's company, forty-seven men, marched to Brain tree, and on March 1, 1778, Capt. Lyon, with forty- nine men, marched to Castle Island. Capt. Robert Swan, with sixty-two men, marched to Bristol, R. I., and with thirty men, to the Castle, on Dec. 19, 1777. Capt. Abner Crane, with fifty-eight men, in 1779, marched with his company " in a campaign to Clav- erack on the Hudson River." The promptness with which the militia met every call was most creditable. Nor was the town less prompt in furnishing its quota to the Continental army. For this the town furnished nearly or quite two hundred men, for terms of service varying from six months to three years, or during the war, some of our men having served for the full period of four years. May 25th, Thomas Crane was chosen to represent the town in the Provincial Congress for the six months following, and Peter Talbot, Christopher Wadsworth, and Benjamin Gill were appointed a Committee of Correspondence. On July 10th Stoughton and Stoughtonham, in town-meeting assembled, elected Thomas Crane to represent them in a great and General Court, to be held in Watertown, on Wednesday, the 19th day of July, 1775. Very little action of importance in town-meetino- was transacted during the remainder of the year 1775. We come now to the year 1776. On March 18th, Messrs. Elijah Dunbar, Peter Talbot, Josiah Pratt, Theophilus Curtis, John Kenney, Christopher Wads worth, and David Lyon were chosen a Committee of Correspondence and Inspection. All of these men, except the chairman, had marched to the lines, to the music of fife and drum, on the 19th of April, two of them, Talbot and Pratt, as captains, each in command of a company. On May 22d another town-meeting was held, at which, we may well suppose, the men who had mus tered and marched so promptly on the 19th of April were present. An article in the warrant had informed them that the question of independence was to be acted on by the meeting. The first business was the choice of representatives, and Benjamin Gill and Thomas Crane were chosen. The date of this meeting was May 22d, six weeks prior to the adoption of the Declaration of Indepen dence by the Continental Congress, and while the question there was trembling in the balance our fathers passed this resolve : " Voted, That if the Honourable Continental Congress should, for the safety of this Colony, Declare us Independent of the Kingdom of Great Britain, We, the Inhabitants, will Solemnly engage with our lives and fortunes to support them in the Measure." All honor to these men of seventeen hundred and seventy-six ! On the 4th of July, 1776, the Declaration of In dependence was adopted. The following is the action of the Massachusetts Council, showing what measures were taken to give publicity to the document : "In Council, July 11th, 1776. " Ordered, That the Declaration of Independence be printed, and a copy sent to the Minister of each Parish, of every Denom ination within this State, and that they severally be required to read the same to their respective Congregations as soon as divine service is ended, in the afternoon, on the first Lord's Day after they shall have received it: And after such Publica tion thereof to deliver the said Declaration to the Clerks of their several Towns or Districts, who are hereby required to record the same in their respective Town or District Books, there to remain as a perpetual Memorial thereof. " In the Name and by Order of y° Council. "R. Derby, Jr., President. "A true Copy, Attest, John Avery, Hep. Sec'y." And our town clerk adds, '"'faithfully recorded.' Attest, George Crossman, Town Clerk." On July 18th the town voted to raise, by taxation, a sum of money to give to each man to the number CANTON. 925 of thirty-eight men, that shall enlist into the service for the Northern Department, against Quebec, the sum of £6 6s. Sd. as an addition to their bounty. May 21, 1777. John Kenney was chosen as " a^ent of the town, to procure evidence against the 'toreys,' and a committee, consisting of John Kenney, Christopher Wadsworth, David Vinton, Peter Talbot, Capt. Pratt, Capt. Endicott, and Benjamin Tucker, was chosen to see to the enforcement of the ' Reg ulating Act.' " May 28th, a committee chosen to examine the accounts of the town's Committee of Correspondence, etc., made report, which was accepted. Some of the items of these accounts are given, as showing the character of the work performed by the committee. The account of Elijah Dunbar, Esq., contained, among others, these items : "1776. March 18th. " 20th. To i day writing circular letters ... £0 To ^ day at Johnson's about getting wood for the army May 13th. To J day taking cognizance of those yt have been unfriendly to ye country June 23rd, To i day at Capt. Smith's to take some order with those who re fused to sign the Test Act July 22 and 26, To 2i days at Johnson's about procuring hard money, etc 1777. Feb. 12 and 13, To 2 days on ye business of Regu lating prices 1. 10i. 0.0. 0." The full amount allowed Mr. Dunbar was £2 17s. 6d. " Capt. Peter Talbot attended all the above said service, ex cept the writing of notifications about regulating prices, and over and above ye aforesaid account he attend4 ye County Con vention at Dedham and singley he w,ent about i day to get the Test Act signed." Capt. Talbot's allowance was £2 4s. id. Capt. Christopher Wadsworth attended substan tially the same service that Capt. Talbot did, and was allowed £21 4s. id. "Capt. Theophilus Curtis was allowed £1- 3- 10i- Capt. David Lyon *-• »• "• Capt. Josiah Pratt *\- 10- Wi' And John Kenney's is allowed ±6- A- °- the same as Capt. P. Talbot, and over and above, for one jour ney to Gen1 Washington, sent by the Selectmen." On May 26th the selectmen exhibited to the town- meeting a list of those persons that, in their opinion, " have endeavored since ye 19th of April, 1775, to counteract ye United Struggles of this and the United States, for the preservation of their Liberties and Privileges, as follows : William Curtis, Noah Kings bury, Samuel Capen, Edward Taylor, Henry Crane, Edward Shail." The report is signed by Benjamin Gill, Adam Blackman, Jonathan Capen, and James Endicott, selectmen. Some, if not all, of these men must have joined the Loyalist party but a short time prior to the pre sentation of this report, for both Edward Taylor and Edward Shail marched with Endicott's company on the 19th of April, and on two later occasions, in 1776, Shail's name appears upon the muster-rolls. March 16, 1778, the town voted to accept the re port of the committee chosen to make an average or equal balance of duty, by fixing the pay for the different kinds of service, as follows : 0.J.0. 0.0.0. 0.0. 10. The eight months at the Lines in 1775 £3. The two months service at ye Lines in 1775 1. The twelve months service in 1776, exceptingthe I 2(, men that went with Capt. Pope j The 12 months service with Capt. Pope in 1776... 15. The 4 months service at Ticonderoga, in 1776, j „ each man giving credit for bounty received } The 4 nios. service at the Lines in 1776 4. The 2 " " atYorkinl776 6. The 3 " " " " " 1776 k 1777 7. The 3 " " " ye Lines in 1777 2. The 12 days service at Castle Island in 1777 0. 15 The 3 weeks service at Bristol, R. I. in 1777.. " North Kingston, R. I. 1775 " Stillwater and other places, in 1777 j " Rhode Island in 1777 " y Secret Expedition } in 1777 J to Gen. Burguvnein 1777 ) & 177S; j at Dorchester k Boston I in 1778 | in Rhode Island in 177S... at Noddle's Island k Hull j in 1776 ) The 2 months The 3 " The 4 Thel :!"} 2. 5. 10. The 5 To 3 0. 0. 2. 10. 6. 0. 2. 0. In this year the town began to be excited about a new form of government for the State of Massachu setts, proposed by the General Court. March 23d it was " Voted That Messrs. Elijah Dunbar, Peter Talbot, Wm. Wheeler, Jed11 Southworth, John Kenny, Adam Blackman, Hezekiah Gay, Nath' Fisher, Samuel Shepard, Geo. Crossman, Isaiah Johnson, James Hawkes Lewis, and Samuel Talbot, be a committee to take under consideration the new form of government, and make report to the town." April 7th, " Voted That Elijah Dunbar, Esq. and Capt. Jede diah Southworth, be a committee to meet in a county convention at Dedham, on the 28th day of this inst, to take into considera tion y" new form of government." And on May 18th the committee of thirteen, ap pointed 23d March, made an elaborate report against the proposed new form of government. And it was voted unanimously to disapprove the same, two hun dred and thirty-five votes being given. May 28th, Thomas Crane, Esq., was elected repre sentative, and the town voted him the following in structions : " To Thomas Crane, Esq. « gm, The town of Stoughton having made choice of you to Represent them in a Great and General Court, ye ensuing year, it must be agreeable to you, (if you consider yourself the 926 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. servant of ye town and accountable to them as you really are,) to know ye minds of your constituents, respecting ye important Duties of your Station, who have chosen you to act for their safety k happiness, as connected with ye whole k not for your own private emolument or separate interest, k therefore, ye Town think fit to give you the following instructions : You are by no means to vote for any person belonging to ye following orders of men to have a seat in y6 legislative Council, but use your In fluence that they may be excluded, (viz,) the members of the Con tinental Congress and officers holding Commissions under them, — Judges of ye Superior Courts of Common Pleas, Judges of the maritime Courts, — Judges of Probate, Registers of Probate, Sheriffs, — Members of the Board of War, k all Executive Of ficers who have a fixed annual stipend. As soon as ye Two Branches of the Legislature are settled and properly organized, your primary object must be the Prosecution of the War with spirit and vigour, with a view to bring it to a speedy & honour able issue. " For this purpose you are directed to exert yourself to have ye Continental Army completed in the most expeditious man ner, k see that negligent Towns and Delinquent officers are punished according to law in that case made and provided. And also, you are to vote for such large and speedy supplies as may appear to you necessary to enable y1' Commander-in-Chief of our armies to answer the expectations of his Country, that ye war, if Possible, may be ended the ensuing campaign with Immortal Honour to himself k Permanent Glory and Security to ye United States of America." Lengthy additions were made to these instructions by the town, which may be found duly recorded in the records. They were also published in the " Conti nental Journal" of June 18, 1778 : June 1, 1779. " Voted, To give our Representative ye same In structions our Representative had yE last year, Together with ye following Instructions, (viz:) " To Elijah Dunbar, Esq. — Sir : Whereas y° Town of Stough ton thought proper to instruct their Representative ye last year in matters that concerned the public weal, — and you being the Present Legislative Servant of this Town, k as such you have solicited instruction from your constituents for the guidance of your General conduct in that Capacity ye ensuing year, There fore, ye Town think fit to Direct k Instruct you strictly to adhere, and in the most caucious manner observe k obey" "ye instructions given to their Representative ya last year" ..." excepting these two Paragraphs in said Instructions which relate to the form of Government that was proposed to the consideration of the inhabitants of this State for approba tion or Disapprobation, which paragraphs are now redundant as we find by a resolve of the General Court, passa Feb? 29th 1779, that sd form hath been Disapproved by a majority of ye Inhabitants of said State, — And also, you are further directed and impowered by your constituents to vote for ye calling a State Convention for the sole purpose of forming a New Con stitution or Form of Government, provided it shall appear, on Examination, that a majority of yc people present k voting at their respective Town meetings choose, at this time, to have a New Constitution or Form of Government made, and if such a Convention should be voted to be called, you are hereby in structed to exert your utmost endeavors that some mode may be adopted, whereby the inhabitants of the State, (as nearly as possible,) may be equally Represented in said Convention; and furthermore, you are enjoined ever to be watchful of the Rights k Liberties of the (people,) and whenever any Infringement shall be attempted on them : or you are apprehensive that their safety or Interest are in Danger, You are, like a faithful Senti nel, to give the alarm to your Constituents." August 9. " The Town made choice of ye Reva. Mr. Jedediah Adams for our Delegate to sit in State Convention for ye sole purpose of forming a New Constitution." Paper money had now become so much reduced in value that the town adopted a report of a committee regulating the prices of certain articles. We give a sample of these prices as established Aug. 9, 1779 : " Cyder £6 per bbl. and for making, 18s. per bbl. Pertators and Turnips 18s. per bushel, k other sauce in proportion. For a common dinner 15s. other meals in proportion. For lodging 3s. per night. 'W%st India Tody at 12s. per Bowl. New Eng land do. 9s. per bowl. Horse keeping one Night on grass 18s. on Hay 15s. Beef 5s. per lb., Mutton, Veal & Lamb, 4s. per lb., Butter, lis per lb., New Milk Cheese 6s. per lb., New Milk 2s. per Quart, English Hay, 36s. per Hundred. For Shoeing a Horse £4. — a yoke of Oxen £S." A committee of twenty-one persons was selected to inform the Committee of Correspondence of any breaches of the resolution respecting these prices. On May 24, 1780, Thomas Crane, Esq., was chosen representative, and on September 4th the first election for Governor took place, agreeably to a resolve of the State Convention passed on the 16th day of June, and John Hancock had fifty-three votes, the whole number thrown. October 10th, Elijah Dunbar, Esq., and Thomas Crane were chosen representatives. Thomas Crane was excused from serving, and Capt. James Endicott was elected. Capt. Endicott was excused from serv ing, and Mr. Christopher Wadsworth was chosen. On April 2, 1781, the vote for Governor was as follows: John Hancock had forty-seven votes; James Bowdoin had two votes. May 16, 1783, J»hn Kenney was chosen repre sentative, and sundry instructions were voted him, showing a violent state of public feeling in regard to the Tories, and showing also the first recorded evi dence that the war was ended : " 2d. Whereas we have reason to believe that this year every effort will be made for the return to their possessions of that abandoned set of men, very justly described by the Laws of this Commonwealth, Conspirators and absentees, who voluntarily at the beginning of the war, not only deserted their country's cause, but have aided and assisted the Enemy with their counsels and money, and many of them with their personal services, most inhumanly murdering innocent women and children, therefore, we instruct you to attend the General Court constantly, and use your utmost exertions that they, and every one of them, be for ever excluded and Barred from having Lot or portion amongst us. And that the Estates they formerly possessed and have justly forfeited, may be immediately sold, and the money arising therefrom be applied to the Discharge of our publio debt; and that such of them as have unwariedly crept in among us, may be immediately and forever removed out of this Commonwealth." " 4th. And, whereas the war is at an End, we earnestly rec ommend it to you to use your interest in the General Court that CANTON. 927 our army, both officers and privates, may be paid off as soon as possible, either in money or securities, according to the public I engagements made to them when they entered the service. But on no account are you ever to give your voice or vote for the establishing of half-pay officers amongst us, or any thing that may be called an equivalent, but to use your utmost exertions against it." On the 30th of November, 1782, the preliminary treaty of peace was signed by the commissioners of the two countries, by which the independence of the United States was acknowledged. When the news was promulgated here we may well believe there was great rejoicing. In 1783 a meeting was held in the old meeting-house, at which the ven erable Dunbar was present. His prayers at the Doty Tavern had been answered, and he was doubtless ready himself to depart hence, to be here no more forever. At that great meeting of gladness and joy, it is humiliating to reflect that religious intolerance should have prevented the attendance of the veteran Gridley, whose services in the French war had been so valuable to his king, and in the early days of the Revolution so important to the republic. May 7, 1787, Elijah Dunbar aud Col. Frederick Pope were elected representatives. The bitter feeling which existed in 1783, as shown by the instructions to representative Kenney, before quoted, appears to have subsided. The following are extracts from the vote of instructions to Messrs. Dunbar and Pope : "These discriminating and disqualifying acts, which serve to irritate the minds of the people, instead of promoting the desira ble b'essing of peace, your constituents wish to have repealed, together with all other laws that appear repugnant to the com mon good." "You will inquire whether the liberty of the Press, so essen tial to the security of freedom in a State, has been in any man ner violated or restrained in this Commonwealth, and if so, you will endeavour to have the violators impeached and future restraints prevented." "That if the Tender Act should be continued, which, on account of the present scarcity of Cash, may be for the best, for a limited time, you will endeavor to have amended, so that property may be appraised at the same rate for the payment of a Creditor, as it would have been at the time when the partic ular Debt was contracted." " In order that all the Inhabitants in the Commonwealth may have full employ, be beneficial to themselves and the Public : You will endeavor by every feasible and rational method, to encourage k promote Ship Building, Whale and Cod Fishery, Agriculture, and every necessary k useful manufacture that may be profitably carried on in the States :— k that large Du ties be laid on all imported articles that might be thus manu factured in them; and also upon all articles of Luxury k Extravagance, and that moderate Duties be laid upon many articles of convenience, but none upon the real necessaries of life." From 1783, for several years, the attention of the town was given to the division of Suffolk County, which the town heartily favored. Success finally crowned this enterprise, and Norfolk County was incorporated March 20, 1793. The obstructions to the passage of fish up the Neponset, by the dams at Milton, were fruitful sources of contention and litigation, so that, at one time, serious trouble was imminent. A party from Stoughton went to Milton to remove obstructions, when they were set upon by the employes of the mill-owners and driven away. A special town-meet ing was called to take action thereon. A committee, of fourteen members, was chosen to join with the fish committee in getting the way through Leeds' Dam, and another committee, of twenty members, as the vote expresses it, was chosen " to stir up the People to go down and assist in opening Leeds' dam, for the fish to go up ;" but cooler counsels prevailed, and the parties contested their rights in the courts. In 1794 a novel experiment was tried for supply ing the town treasury, by voting that the person who should be chosen representative should serve for 6s. Id. per day, and if the General Court should fix the pay at a higher rate, " y° overplus is to be returned to the town." Col. Frederick Pope was chosen, and accepted the condition prescribed. It is probable that the experiment proved not to be remunerative, for at the next election the subject was dismissed. Incorporation of Town.— In 1795 the inhab itants of the First Parish met in legal meeting, held at the meeting-house, on the 9th day of March, and voted on the thirteenth article (which was to see if the parish will petition the General Court to be set off as a separate town), that Elijah Dunbar, Esq., Col. Nathan Crane, Mr. Joseph Bemis, Col. Benjamin Gill, and Capt. Elijah Crane be a committee to pre pare a petition for the inhabitants to sign for a di vision of the town. And further voted that Col. Gill, Capt. Elijah Crane, and Col. Nathan Crane be a com mittee to present the petition to the General Court. A petition was accordingly prepared, signed by one hundred and forty-three inhabitants of the parish, and is here given : " PETITION. " To the Honourable Senate and House of Representatives of the Com'th of Mass"", in General Court assembled: " The Petition of the Subscribers, Inhabitants of the first Parish in the Town of Stoughton, in the County of Norfolk in sa Comth, humbly showeth that the local situation of said Town of Stoughton is very singular, being near Eleven Miles in length & about four Miles in breadth, as may appear by a Plan thereof, and also that there is a large body of land laying upon and contiguous to the line between the North and South Par ishes which is and always will be incapable of any valuable improvement, which throws the bulk of the Inhabitants of said Parishes at a great distance from each other, which peculiar 928 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. circumstance makes it always inconvenient & sometimes im practicable for the Inhabitants of either of said Parishes to attend Town Meeting as they have been usually held for some years past, by reason of the great distance of way & sometimes impassable roads. — {< Therefore, your Petitioners humbly pray that the lands within the said first Parish & the Inhabitants thereof, (except those persons and their property that wish to remain with the Town of Stoughton,) may be incorporated into a Distinct and separate Town. And your Petitioners, as in duty bound, shall ever pray. ' Stoughton, Apr1 17th, 1795. Elijah Dunbar. Benj'n Gill. Nathan Crane. Elijah Crane. Joseph Bemis. Sam'l Capen (2d). William McKendry. Ezekiel Fisher. David Hartwell. Jno. Kenney, Jr. Charles Fenno. Sam'l Wales. Nath'l Hill. Moses Baker. Redmon Spurr. Thomas French. Michael Shailer. Sam'l Strobridge. Isaac Billing. Seth Strobridge. Archibill McKendry. Samuel Gooch. Lem. Tant. John Wentworth. Ezekiel Johnson. John Puffer. Abel Puffer. Ephraim Hunt. David Talbot. Nathaniel Pitt. William Bent. Nath'l Fisher. John Kenney. James H. Lewis. Laban Lewis. Benj'n Bussey. Elijah Puffer. Lem'l Whiting. Sam'l Tucker. Simeon Tucker. Samuel Tucker, Jr. Benjamin Tucker. Benjamin Sylvester. John Madden. James Tucker. Eiisha Haws. Elijah Wentworth. Joseph Henry. Stephen Blake. James Smith. John Morse. Ephraim Smith. Amos Upham. John Dunlop. Rodolpis Kinsley. Wm. Crane. James Reed. Lemuel Davenport. Fisher Kingsbury. Ebenezer Holmes. Edward Downs. Samuel Canterbury. Thomas Allen. Jarath'l Crane. Silas Crane. Elijah Crane (2d). James Endicott. George Jordan. Luther May. Henry Bailey. George Crossman. Joseph Chandler. Richard Wild. Benjamin Lyon. Sam'l Morse. John Capen (2d). Benj'n Wentworth. Enoch Dickerman. Oli'r Wentworth. Josiah Tilden. Nath'l Wentworth. Jonathan Farrington. John Billing. Nath'l Whiting. Daniel Tucker. Adam Blackman, Jr. Samuel Blackman. Nathaniel Kenney. Jno. Blackman. Benj'n Lewis. George Blackman. John Withington. Sam. Morse, Jun'r. Henry Morse. Elijah Gill. Lem'l Fisher. Abel Wentworth. Abel Fisher. Comfort Hoyton. Paul Wentworth. Elijah Fenno. Jacob Billings. Stephen Billings. Nath'l Billing. Nathan Billing. Peter Billing. Judah Henry. Oliver Shepard. John Gill. Arunah Wentworth. Joses Hill. Henry Crane. Nath'l Shepard. Henry Morse, Jr. John Tant. John Tant, Jr. William Wheeler. Samuel Wheeler. Sam'l Billing. Joseph Billings. John Tucker. Nath'l Tilden. Ephraim Jones. Seth Wentworth. Philip Whiting. Adam Blackman. Israel Bailey. Jona. Billing. Dudley Bailey. George Stone. Daniel Billing. Enoch Leonard. Wm. Shepard. Elijah Endicott. Lemuel Smith (2d). Joseph Stearns. Thomas Shepard. Richard Gridley. Uriah Leonard. Calvin Crane. Peter Thayer, Jun. Silas Kinsley. Oliver Downs." At the date of this petition there were but one hundred and forty voters in the parish, so that there were on this paper three names in excess of the entire number of legal voters. The petition was presented to the General Court June 11th, and an order of notice thereon issued, returnable at a later day. Stoughton, in the mean time, chose a committee, consisting of Samuel Talbot, Samuel Shepard, Joseph Richards, and James Pope, to oppose the petition. Jan. 20, 1796, a remonstrance, signed by Lemuel Drake and one hundred and sixty-nine others, was presented in the House, being an excess of fifteen names over and above the whole number of legal voters in the Second Parish, — in fact, a few names from the First Parish were upon this remon strance. On June 10, 1776, the committees of the parish, and of the town, agreed that the matter should be referred to the Hon. Seth Bullard, of the Senate, and Judge Bullock, of Rehoboth, and Mr. Joseph Hewins, of Sharon, of the House. This committee was in structed to visit the town, hear the parties, and report thereon. They spent four days in this service, and on Sept. 3, 1796, made their report in favor of an act of incorporation, and on the 23d of February, in the year 1797, the town of Canton was duly in corporated. On February 24th, Thomas Crane, Esq., issued his warrant to Laban Lewis, requiring him to warn the qualified voters to meet at the meeting-house in Can ton on the 6th of March following, at one of the clock p.m., then and there to choose all such officers as towns are required by law to elect. First Town Officers.— At a meeting held in pursuance of this warrant, Elijah Dunbar, Esq., was chosen moderator, and Elijah Crane, town clerk; Elijah Crane, Deacon Benjamin Tucker, and Col. CANTON. 929 Nathan Crane, selectmen and assessors, and Joseph Bemis, town treasurer. On April 3d the first meeting of the new town was held for the election of Governor, and Increase Sumner had thirty-nine votes, James Sullivan twenty, Edward H. Robbins ten, Moses Gill seven, and Wil-> Ham Heath one. May 1st. Elijah Crane, the first representative, was elected by a unanimous vote. On the same day there was voted, — For highways $983.17 For salary of Rev. Zachariah Howard, for 1797 300.00 And at an adjourned meeting, — For town charges $800.00 Forschooling 500.00 In 1798 the town voted for highways $1000, town charges $600, schooling $500, Mr. Howard's salary $300, and also voted to clapboard the back end of the meeting-house, and board and clapboard the back side of the belfry, also to paint the house. These votes, and some that follow, will sound strangely to us at this day, when the town has noth ing to do with the building or repair of meeting houses or the support of the ministry, and every in dividual selects for his favor and support such church as best suits him, and is under no obligation to sup port any other. On the same page of the record above is a registry of a certificate of a committee of the denomination of Quakers, chosen at their monthly meeting, held at Lynn, " that Jonathan Leonard of Canton, doth belong to said Society." Such certifi cates were then necessary in order to relieve the person from liability to taxation for parish purposes. Many present will remember Mr. Leonard, who was engaged with Adam Kinsley in the manufacture of iron and steel, and was usually called " Quaker Leon ard." The house in which he lived now forms a part of the Massapoag House. In 1799, at a meeting held in December, an ar ticle was inserted in the warrant, " to see if the town will procure and set up a stove in the meeting house, for the convenience and comfort of those who attend Public Worship in the winter season," and the article was dismissed. In 1800 we find the town instructing their repre sentative to petition the General Court, and use his influence, to get the fine remitted that was imposed upon the town for not sending a representative to the General Court in 1799. In 1802 this entry appears upon the records : " Voted that the selectmen procure Lombard de Poplar trees at the expense of the town, and that they notify the inhabitants to assist in setting them out without expense to the town." 59 In this manner, doubtless, the poplar-trees, so common many years ago, were introduced. 1803. I select these passages: April 4th, "Voted that the selectmen post notification in the Belfry, calling on Youth and others not to make a tarry in Belfry after Public Worship is begun." Again, May 2d, '¦ Voted that Joseph Bemis, William Wheeler, Henry Bailey. Capt. Abner Crane, Benj. Lewis, and Adam Kinsley, be a committee to deliberate on the subject of En larging the Singers' Pew, as also, the subject of singing in general, to the end that that part of publick worship may be performed with conveniency, decency and in good order.'' In 1805, this vote, "That Henry Bailey, Joseph Bemis and Jona. Leonard, be a committee to hear the aggrieved parties as respects their time and expense in search for Jack Battus, (the murderer of the young girl Talbot,) and report at April meet ing." At April meeting sixteen persons were allowed, in all, $46.50 for this service. March 7, 1808. "Voted to pay a bounty of one dollar per head or tail, for every Rattlesnake absolutely taken k killed within the town in the months of April, May & October the present year." Practically this was very much like offering a bounty of two dollars for each snake killed, and very likely it was found to be so, for the next year the town voted the same sum for rattlesnakes' tails, and cautioned the treasurer " to guard against deception when he is applied to for such bounties." May 2d. At the election for the choice of a repre sentative, Mr. Bemis, who had been the representa tive for eight successive years, and was a candidate for re-election, was also the town clerk. His record reads thus : " The votes being given in, sorted and counted, it appeared that Dea. Ben. Tucker had 32 votes, Joseph Bemis had 29 votes, and Andrew Capen 1 vote, and of course," says the record, " Dea. Benj. Tucker was elected." War of 1812. — The war of 1812 now begins to be recognized in the records of the town. May 4th, voted to make up the pay for persons volunteering to fill up the quota of one hundred thousand men to fourteen dollars per month, if they go into actual service. August 15th. It was voted that such addition be made to the pay of those persons who were drafted from this town under the last requisition of the Presi dent of the United States as shall make their monthly pay eighteen dollars. September 12th. The town voted to furnish each non-commissioned officer and soldier with sixty rounds of ball-cartridges, and directed the selectmen imme diately to purchase six hundred pounds of pork, two hundred pounds of beef, and eight hundred pounds of bread, for supplying the militia of the town, when called to defend their country. And also to procure 930 HISTORY OP NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. covered baggage-wagODS, to be in readiness to accom pany the militia when called to the service of their country. We have no means of giving a statement of the number of men furnished for the defense of the country in this war. The rolls are all in the custody of the United States, at Washington. It is, however, apparent that the town was in favor of a vigorous prosecution of the war, and could brook no opposition. It appears that in 1813 the Rev. Edward Richmond, of Stoughton, preached a sermon in Mr. Richey's (Ritchie's) pulpit, on fast-day, in which it is supposed he denounced the war. The town took the matter in hand. On the 5th of April a committee of fifteen made this report : "Gentlemen of the town, — Your committee, appointed to take into consideration the subject of the Rev. Edward Rich mond's fast day sermon have attended the duty assigned them, and do recommend that the town pass a vote expressive of their disapprobation that the Rev. Edward Richmond should here after be introduced into the Desk of Canton Meeting House on Lord's Days, Fast Days, Thanksgiving Days, and Lecture Days, as a teacher of Religious Morality, Ac, and that the Town Clerk be directed to serve the Rev. William Richey with a copy thereof without delay. Elijah Ddnbae, per order." The clerk certifies that the above vote was taken by yeas and nays, and it passed in the affirmative. April 1, 1816. A committee reported that they had purchased for the town Mr. Andrew Capen's farm for two thousand seven hundred aud fifty dollars. This is the present town farm, which was afterwards sold and again purchased of Mr. Eiisha White, about the year 1837. Mr. Andrew Capen was the father of Nahum Capen, Esq., the able author of the " His tory of Democracy," and formerly postmaster of Bos ton. May 6, Art. II., " To see if the town will give a bounty on crows' heads the present year." Voted, on motion of Gen. Elijah Crane, " that every man kill his own crows." ' Nov. 27, 1819. In the warrant for town-meetine1 this article was inserted on petition : " To see if the town will express their opinion, as there are three Religious Societies within the town, whether they are willing to raise, in any case, any sum of money as a town, for ministerial purposes." Dec. 6. On that article it was " Voted that the town of Can ton do not raise any money in future, as a town, for ministerial purposes." From the date of that vote we think the town had no further connection with parish affairs, thus antici pating legislation fourteen years, for the statute dis severing the parishes from the towns did not pass till April 1, 1834. First School-house in Canton.— The first school- house built in this town stood somewhere near the spot where the present school-house in District No. 1 now stands. We give below the only record we can find of its building, with one or two other incidental votes : March 28, 1734. " It was put to vote whether ye town would build a School house and it past in ye affirmative, also voted to grant a tax of twenty Pounds to be laid out in building said house and that said School house should be set on ye Town's land near ye Meeting House." May 20, 1734. "The same day it was put to vote whether the town would petition ye General Court that some of ye prov ince Land might be granted to this town to enable it to sup port and maintain ye School herein and it past in ye affirma tive." At the same meeting, William Royal, Esq., was chosen "to prefer the foregoing petition." June 7, 1734. "Voted that there be a Com'tee chosen to build a School house in this town, and the Com'tee chosen were Ens'gn Charles Wentworth, Lev't William Billings and Mr. Preserved Lyon." " The same day voted that there be four men appointed to take eare of ye boys in our Meeting house in time of Publick Worship on Sabbath Days in order to restrain them from play and that they take care of them one quarter of year each and ye men appointed to s'd service are William Wheeler, Philip Liscom, Jun'r, Joseph Hewins, Jun'r, and Richard Hixson. Sept. 22, 1735. "The same day an aecompt of forty shillings was laid before ye Town by ye Com'tee Chosen to build ye School House and then put to vote whether ye town would allow said forty shillings and it past in j'e affirmative." Sept. 29, 1740. " Voted that Sixty Pounds be allowed out of the hundred Pounds granted for Town charges be improved for keeping of School in the several places where it hath been here tofore kept, as also at a place in Town called York s'd Money to be drawn out of ye Treasury by the persons living in said places as the Select men shall order." March 19, 1734-44. "Voted that the money that shall be appropriated for the use of ye School in this town ye ensuing year shall be received by each Precinct in such proportion as each precinct pay to ye Province Tax for s'd year." May 21, 1744. "Voted that the sixth article in ye Warrant, relating to the Building Two School houses, viz. one in ye Sec ond and one in the third Precinct in this town, in such places as each preoinct shall appoint, be continued til the next Town Meeting." Sept. 26, 1744. " To see if ye Town will pass a vote to build Two School Houses, one in ye second and one in ye third pre cinct in this town (in such places as each precinct shall appoint) he continued til ye next town meeting." The school money was divided as by the vote of March 19, 1743-44, for several years succeeding. March 21, 1747-48. " It being put to vote whether the town would alow ye Second and third precinct in this town to draw out of ye Treasury each precinot's proportionable part of ye Fifty Pounds which was paid by ye Town in general for build ing a School house in ye first Precinct and it passed in ye Neg ative." In the early days the inhabitants were, to a very great extent, located in the central and northerly parts of the town ; this continued even to a comparatively CANTON. 931 recent period. Here stood the old meeting-houses ; the post-office, the taverns, and the stores were here. A person of sixty or sixty-five years of age may well remember when there were but twenty dwellings, or thereabouts, on the old Taunton road, between the house of Mr. Samuel Downes and the Sharon line, and but half a dozen at the Stone-Factory Village. Now the southerly portion of the town contains, by far, the larger part of the population, four of the five churches, the banks, nearly all the stores, and most of the manufactories. In this town, as every where else, the century now closed has witnessed the feeble commencement, as also the full development of our manufacturing industries. As already shown, it was the policy of Great Britain to discourage manu factures in the colonies. Independence gave our people their opportunity, and well have they improved it. One hundred years ago this was, perforce, an agricultural town. Now the people are devoted to manufacturing pursuits. CHAPTER LXXII. CANTON— (Continued). ECCLESIASTICAL HISTOBY. First Congregational Church — Organization — The Covenant of 1717 — The First Pastor, Rev. Joseph Morse — Tne First Cele bration of the Lord's Supper — The First Deacons — Extracts from the Early Records — List of those who joined the Church during Mr. Morse's Ministry — Death of Mr. Morse — Inven tory of his Estate — Rev. Samuel Dunbar — Rev. Z. Howard Rev. William Richey — Rev. Benjamin Huntoon — Succeed ing Pastors— Church Buildings— Evangelical Congregational Church — Baptist Church — Universalist Church — Roman Ca tholic Church. First Congregational Church.— As the history of the First Congregational Church was for more than one hundred years practically the history of the town, it is here given in detail, the facts being taken from the official records. This society was organized Oct. 13, 1717, and Rev. Joseph Morse was ordained pastor. At his or dination five churches were represented, namely, Mil ton, Dorchester, Dedham, and the two churches in Braintree. Rev. John Danforth, of Dorchester, preached the ordination sermon from Hebrews xiii. 17. Twenty persons owned the covenant, ten of whom were members of neighboring churches. The church covenant " that was agreed upon by the Revd Elders and Messengers with the Brethren that were to be in the foundation of said church" was stated under eight heads, and was signed by Jo seph Morse, Richard Smith, Peter Lyon, Samuel Andrews, Joseph Esti, Isaac Stearns, Benjamin Black- man, Joseph Hewins, George Talbot, John Withing ton (who were members of neighboring churches be fore the ordination), and Benjamin Esti, Thomas Spurr, Joseph Topliff, Robert Pelton, John Went worth, David Stone, Benjamin Gill, William Wheeler, Edward Bailey, Samuel Hartwell (who were non- communicants, but yet examined and approbated by the reverend elders some time before the ordination, — viz., June 26th-27th, — for to be of the foundation of the church when gathered). " Also, our aged Brother Samuel Pitcher of Milton Church was looked upon as one of the foundation of our church. But he was not able to be present at the Ordination and died about a Month after. Those Brethren that did belong to Milton Church before the ordination, namely, Sam1 Pitcher, Richard Smith, Peter Lyon and George Talbot not having obtained their dismis sion from Milton Church before the Ordination were not actually and personally in signing the Covenant and in being of the foundation on that day, but sometime after, when they had obtained their dismis sion they signed the Covenant and came up in full with the rest of their Brethren, all except Samuel Pitcher whom the Lord removed by Death Nov. 23d, 1717, the next day after our first church meeting. Also, John Withington being ill at the ordination and not present that day signed the Covenant after wards." The following is an abbreviation of the church covenant agreed upon to be that form of covenant that those persons should engage in and lay hold of who are received into full communion in this church : "You do here, in the presence of Almighty God and his People solemnly take and chuse the Lord Jehovah to be your God, promising and covenanting with his help to fear him and cleave to him in love and to serve him in truth with all your heart giving up yourself and your seed after you in covenant with God and this Church to be the Lord's entirely and to be at his disposal and direction in all things, that you may have and hold communion with him and this church as a member of Christ's mystical body, according to his revealed will to your lives' end. " You do also take the holy scriptures to be your rule of life to walk by wherein you may discern the mind of Christ, and endeavoring to live in the faithful improvement of all oppor tunities to worship God, according to all his Gospel Institu tions taking the great Immanuel the Son of God to be your Savior and Redeemer in all his offices, promising to afford your attendance upon the public dispensation of God's Word, the Administration of the Ordinances of Jesus Christ, especially that of the Lord's Supper, as God in his holy providence shall give you opportunity. " You also engage, with the Lord's help by virtue of the death of Christ, to mortify all sin and disorderly or vile and 932 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. sinful affections and to abstain from all sin, especially from scandalous sins, as the Lord shall keep you, that you may not depart from the living God, and that you may live a life of holiness and obedience to the revealed will of God. — You promise you will peaceably submit yourself to the Holy Disci pline appointed by Jesus Christ in his Church and you do now offer yourself up to the Care, Government, and Watch of this church, obeying them that have the rule over you in the Lord. Of the integrity of your Heart herein you call God the searcher of all hearts to witness, beseeching him to enable you to keep this Covenant inviolably to God's glory and your own spiritual good and edification and where you shall fail in observing and keeping it you beg the Lord's forgiveness and pardon and heal ing for the sake of our Lord Jesus Christ." How the salary of Rev. Mr. Morse was raised, and how much it was, will appear from the following vote, from the " Book of Records" : "At a precinct meeting legally warned in Dorchester April the 20th 1716, Samuel Andrews Moderator — the same day it was voted that the Inhabitants of said precinct would give to Mr. Joseph Morse forty pounds annually so long as he shall uphold and perform the work of the ministry among them." The same day it was voted that there should be fifteen pounds raised by rate upon the inhabitants and ratable estates within this precinct, and laid out upon the meeting-house as far as that would go towards the finishing of it. Five pounds more rate were voted to defray the necessary charges of said precinct. A committee, consisting of John Fenno and Richard Hixson, were chosen to receive the money that was granted for the meeting-house and for other necessary charges arising within said precinct, and to hire workmen to doe the work about the meeting-house aud to pay them for their work. At a precinct meeting legally warned, July 11, 1716, Joseph Hewins, moderator, it was voted that there should be four shillings levied upon the poll in the minister's rate this present year. The same day it was voted in the affirmative that the assessors receive and pay Mr. Morse his salerey, and that the constable should make up his accounts with him. The constable's receipt was as follows : ye 21 of Then Constable Sam'll Bullard Broft a recept in March | fu]1 from un(jer yB nan(j 0r ye ReTeren(j Mi\ Morse unto ye assessor of this precinct of ye Ministerial 1712 20 Rate comitted unto Sion Bullard to collect in ye yeare 1716 On Dec. 8, 1717, there was a contribution in the whole congregation for furnishing the Lord's table of £3 3s. Id. The first celebration of the Lord's Supper was on Feb. 9, 1718. The first public baptism took place Oct. 20, 1713, four years before the church gathering, when ten children and one adult were bap tized by Rev. Mr. Danforth. The town of Dorchester had granted thirty pounds towards building a meeting house, thirty feet square, which was finished in 1708, eight years after the birth of the first white person, Thankful Redman, who was born in a house which stood on the spot where the house of Hon. Henry L. Pierce now stands. At the church meeting held May 15, 1718, "It was agreed upon to set apart a Day for fasting and prayer by the Church, and to hold it in the Meeting House, for to seek the Lord's favor and the smiles of H is Countenance to rest on this Church and Congre gation, and that Religion and Godliness might be advanced, and the peace and prosperity of both Church and Congregation might be continued and enlarged by God Almighty." Accordingly, the 4th day of June, 1718, was so kept. Dec. 5, 1718. A church meeting after a great sickness, to spend some time in prayer, and to dis course about things appertaining to the Church. " Note. In the month of September, 1718, was a great sickness in this place ; several died, the Min ister being near Death, but mercifully spared, being absent from the Lord's House 13 Sabbaths; 10 of them were supplied by Mr. Mekinstry : — the congre gation being without preaching 3 Sabbaths." "May 15, 1719. A Church Meeting— then voted — "That the Church set apart a day solemnly to seek God by fasting and prayer and to invite the congregation to join with us in this great work that the Lord's face and favour may be sought after by us for the pardon of our sins and the sanctifying mercies and afflictions, and for the obtaining all needful bless ings. " That the Church having considered of the Ordination of the persons chosen into the office of Deacons, voted, that they pro ceed regularly and in convenient time, to the peaceable and full consummation thereof, as God shall enable and direct them." Dec. 17, 1719. consideration of two articles, voted " It was proposed to consideration, whether it was necessary for this Church to chuse, in convenient season, an Elder or El ders and another Deacon or Deacons, to assist and strengthen the Church in maintaining the Kingdom and encouraging the Interest of Christ among this people. "Voted to take the abovesaid proposal into our most serious consideration." Feb. 26, 1720. A church meeting voted: " Thought advisable to choose more subordinate officers in the church. " Whether or no the church will proceed to choose an Elder or Elders, and it was voted that they would choose one. "The church proceeded to vote for an Elder, and the vote fell on Beacon Joseph Hewins — a very clear vote. " Voted to choose one Deacon. " The church proceeded to vote for a Deacon, and the vote fell on Brother Isaac Stearns. All this was done at a consid erable full meeting." " March 18, 1720. A Church Fast of Male and Female in a A Church Meeting," after the CANTON. 933 private House. A collection for a Church Stock for the use and benefit of the church. This was the first collection in the church for the purpose aforesaid, and there was contributed and prom ised £1, 6d. Os. — That day Alexander Gordon and his wife, (strangers from Ireland,) were received to communion with us during their abode in this place, and they promised to remain under the Watch and Discipline of the church accordingly. "March 21, 1720. That day the Deacons paid to Mrs. Amity Morse 15s. in full, for taking care of the Vessels of the Lord's Table till that time from the first improvement of them." The office of deacon was not lightly esteemed in those days. Those selected by their brethren gener ally took the matter into serious deliberation before accepting. Thus we find that Deacon Joseph Hew ins considered the matter for a full month, and that he hesitated a long time before he accepted the office of elder. The singing was, as we judge, in the con gregational style. June 16, 1721, a church meeting voted, — "That Peter Lyon proceed in setting the Psalmn in the con gregation on Sabbath Days, when present." "That Deacon Stearns be ordained or confirmed in the office of a Deacon, with our Brothers Blackman and Hewins when they are ordained." Jan. 10, 1723, a church meeting voted, — "That the church make a fresh application of their request to Joseph Hewins to accept the Office of a Ruling Elder in the church, accordingly such request was directed to him by the Pastor." " That the Deacons discourse with all communicants in this place to seek after and obtain Letters of Recommendation from the churches they belong unto, to bring to our church in this place." Of course, it will be understood that we are not giving the church records in full. We make such selections as will show the gradual growth of the church, the officers chosen, and other important events as they transpired. We shall also give the names of all those who were members of the church during the ministry of Mr. Morse. We again refer to the Precinct Records, page 6 : "At a meeting of ye Freeholders and other Inhabitants qual ified to Law legally warned and assembled on November ye 15," (1717?) "Joseph Hewins Moderator. The same day it was Voted on ye affirmative that ye precinct (— ) Ten Pounds for to be raysed by a reat for to pay (— ) precinct is now indebted and to defray ye charge (— ) nesaseryly arise in ye precinct this presant year to be layed (— ) upon ye meeting house." " The same day it was voted in ye affirmative, that they would choose a Committee of five men for to seate ye meeting house, and ye Committee ohosen were Henry Crane, Samuel Bullard, John Fisher, Joseph Hewins and John Puffer." " The same day it was voted in ye affirmative that they would chuse a Comitee for to gather in ye Reverend Mr. Morse's old arears, and ye Comittee chosen was Henry Crane, Thomas Spur, Benjamin Esti, John Puffer and John Wentworth." 1718. "At a meeting of the Freeholders and other Inhab itants qualified according to Law in Dorchester South Precinct Legally warned and a semblcd August ye LSth, 1708. Joseph Hewins Moderator." " The same day it was voted in ye affirmative that ye precioct congregation would give to the Reverend Mr. Morse 35 Pound more than his former salary, for this present year." " At a meeting of ye Freeholders and other Inhabitants qual ified acording to law Legally warned and asembled in this pre cinct on November ye 26, 1718. Mr. Nathanael Hubard Mod erator." " The same day it was voted in ye afermative that ye first Monday and ye last Monday in February annually should be ye set days for ye Inhabitants for to make up their accoumpts with Mr. Morse of the Ministerall Rate. " At ;i meeting of ye Inhabitants of this precinct Legally warned and assembled February ye 16th, 1718-19, Joseph Hewins Moderator, — Joseph Hewins was chosen Precinct Clerk and first assessor and John Puffer ye second assessor and Joseph Tucker ye third assessor." " The same day it was voted in ye affirmative that ye precinct would give to the Reverend Mr. Morse Fifteen Pounds more to be aded to his former salary for this present yeare." " The same day it was voted in ye afermative that they would grant a rate to be made of Twentie Pounds and collected of and from ye Inhabitants and estates of said Precinct ( — ) Be lay'd out upon ye Meeting House and to defray any necessary charges that may arise in ye precinct this year." "The same day it was voted in ye afirmntive that the asses sors) should reserve ye saide Twentie Pounds of ye Constables hire workmen andpay them, and pay any other charges." It appears from the records that the officers chosen in March this year did not accept, and a meeting was held in September following (day torn off the record), and Peter Lyon was chosen precinct clerk. Mr. Lyon was again chosen clerk "on ye 21st day of March, 1719-20." " The same day it was voted in yc afermative that the pre cinct inhabitants would give ye Reverend Mr. Morse Sixtie Pounds for his labor in ye work of ye ministry for this presant yeare." " The same day ye assessors was chosen a Comitee to call and apoint precinct meetings. The same day it was voted in ye afermative that their should be six shillings Levied upon ye poule for this preasant yeare to ye Ministerial! rate." "At a precinct meeting legally warned and assembled ye 29 of June 1720. The same day John Fenno, Joseph Tucker and Peter Lyon gave an account how they had layd out ye Ten Pound and ye Twentie Pound Rate which were comitted to Con stable Haws and Constable Liscom to colect. The same day it was voted on ye afermative that they would choose a Commit tee of three men for to save ye Meeting house and ye Comittee then chosen was John Fenno, Benjamin Blackman, and Joseph Hewins." " The same day there was Ten Pound granted to be raysed by way of Rate upon ye pouls and estates in s'd Precinct for to repair the Boof of the Meeting house and to Bank the outside of ye sill of s'd house and to Repaire Mr. Morse's Pew Desently and to defray other nessessary charges arising in s'd precinct." "The same day the assessors were chosen a Commitie to Re ceive ye s'd Ten Pounde Rate of ye Constable and hire work men and pay them for said work and pay other charges arising acording to ye vote." " Then John Fenno, Joseph Tucker, and Peter Lyon Receved of Constable Liscom 20 Pound which was in full of a Rate which was comitted to him to collect in ye yeare 1719. 934 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. "The same day Paide to Left. John Vose for work don in ye Meeting house Seventeen Pounde and nineteen shillings." The record for 1720-21 is much defaced and de stroyed. Sixty pounds were voted to Mr. Morse for his labor, etc., that year. " The same day it was voted that ye assessors should be a Comittee for to inquier into ye precincts title to ye Land whare ye Meeting house stands and to get a stronger eonfermation of the same if nede be." March 5, 1721-2, the precinct inhabitants voted that they " would give ye Reverend Mr. Morse Sixty Pounds for his labor in the work of the ministry for this present yeare." "The same day there was chosen a Comittee for to open the Boun" (dary of the meeting) " House Land and the Neighbors Lands adjoyning and to mesuer how" (far it was from) "the rhode and likewise each way and for the Committee" (to report the) "same to the-clark of this precinct; that he may inter" (the same.) " The Committee then chosen was John Fenno and." The other names are torn off ; the above in paren thesis we have ventured to supply. The committee thus chosen reported March 15, 1722 ; but their record is so mutilated as to be entirely unintelligible. The following are the names of the persons who owned the covenant, who were baptized and joined to the church in the time of Mr. Morse's ministry, and of such as were before his ordination : Owned the Covenant before Mr. Morse's Ordination : October 20, 1713. By Rev. Mr. Danford: Oliver Jordan, Jane Pitcher. June 26, 1717. By Rev. Mr. Thatcher: John Wentworth, Shubal Wentworth, Edward Baily, Edward Wentworth, Eliza beth Jordan, Abigail Wentworth. After the Ordination : January 26, 1717. Abigail Jordan. February 2. Obadiah Hawes, Jr., Rebecca and Sarah Hawes. March 2, 1718. Joseph Smith. March 9. Thomas and Joseph Jordan. March 16. Margaret Hixon, John Walter, Hannah, Rebecca, Margaret, and Elizabeth Hixon. March 30. Richard Hixon. May 11. Sarah Morey. June 22, 1791. Jane Jordan, Bethia Wentworth, Rebecca Fenno. September 27, 1720. Samuel Waters. November 27, 1721. Edward Esti. April 16. Mary Meclellan. July 6. Samuel Billings. November 5. Isaac Comings. December 17, 1722. Thankful and Prudence Redman. January 10. William Weeks, Charles Wentworth, Zecharia Lyon, Joseph Fenno, Isaac Fenno, John Fenno, Ruth Fenno, Elizabeth Fenno. October 21. Freelove Monk. December 2, 1723, Benjamin Smith. March 31. Beriah Billings, Elizabeth Stowbridge. September 22, 1724. Increase Hawes. April 12. John Hawes. November 1. Elhanan Billing. December 6. Robert Redman and his wife Mary, Jonathan Kenney, John Kenney. January 17, 1724-25. Sarah White. March 15. Jerusha Collick. Communicants. February 9, 1717. Sarah Stone. February 23. Rebecca Hawse. April 20, 1718. Hannah Hartwell. June 22. Eleazor Billing, John Dickerman, Amity Morse, Jane Pitcher. June 29. Joseph Tucker and Judith his wife, Margaret Hixon. December 17. Elizabeth Speer. December 28. Jerusha Billing. March 15, 1719. Mary Tolman. May 24, 1720. Mary Jordan, Elizabeth Ames. April 24. Nathaniel Etheridge. February 11, 1721-22. Thankful Smith. February 25. William Crane and his wife. March 25. Elhanan Lyon and Meredith his wife, David Eames. April 8. Hannah Baily. July 1. Nathaniel . August 3. Thomas Tolman. August 12. Mary Baley. September 9. Jane Jordan. March 10, 1723. Abigail Jordan. August 2, 1724. Susannah Blackman. June 27, 1725. Abigail Kingsbury. July 4, 1725, Margaret Hawse. Baptisms. Before the Ordination : October 20, 1713. By Mr. Danford: Sion, of Mr. Joseph Morse; Thomas, Oliver, Ester, of Thomas Jordan; Sarah, of Benjamin Esti ; Samuel, of Joseph Topliff; Christian, of Robert Pelton; Eliakin, Abijah, Jane, of Edward Pitcher; Mary Stone. June 26, 1717. By Mr. Thatcher : Martha, of John Went worth ; Abijail, of Thomas Speer ; Zeriah, of Joseph Tucker ; William, of Thomas Jordan ; William, John, of John Went worth ; Amariah, of Joseph Topliff; Edward, of Edward Pit cher ; Matthias, of Eleazer Puffer; Thankful, of Daniel Stone. After the Ordination : June 19, 1717. David, of Shubal Wentworth. June 26. Abijail, of Samuel Hartwell ; Abiel, of Essh. Allen. February 2. Obidah Hawse, Jr. ; Rebecca and Sarah Hawse. February 16. Joseph, of Joseph Jordan. March 2, 1718. Eleazer, of Obediah Hawse, Mercy, of Joseph Smith. March 9. Thomas and Joseph Jordan, Robert, of Elea. Speer. March 16. Margaret Hixon and her children, John, Walter, Hannah ; Oliver, Margaret, and Elizabeth, Abigail, of Philiss Goodwin. April 20. Zebadiah, of Edward Wentworth. April 27. Sarah, of David Stone; Samuel, of Samuel Bil lings. May 16. Sarah Morey. June 1. Benjamin, of Benjamin Jordan. June 8. Thomas, of John Dickerman. June 22. Jonathan, John, Jane, of James Jordan ; Bethia Wentworth, Rebecca Fenno. July 20. Elizabeth, of William Wheeler. February 15, 1718-19. Joannah, of Daniel Stone. April 12. Mary, of Edward Baily. April 19. Thomas, of Thomas Tolman. May 24. Francis, of Joseph Esti, Jr. May 31. Jeremiah, of Thomas Jordan. July 26. D , of Samuel Bird. August 23. Uriah, of Joseph Tucker. CANTON. 935 September 27. Samuel Waters. November 8. Hannah, of Shubal Wentworth. November 22. Ebenezer, of John Dickerman. December 6. Sarah, of Benjamin Gill. December 20. Hannah, of Samuel Heartwell. April 3, 1720. Edward, of Edward Pitcher. April 10. Moses, Aaron, of John Wentworth, twins. April 24. Peltiah, of Samuel Esti. May 1. Jedediah, of Jonathan Jordan. May 29. Joseph, of Joseph Smith. June 5. Abigail, of Thomas Speer. June 12. Manning, of Joseph Sawin. September 25. Samuel, of Joseph Jordan. October 2. Mary, of David Eames. October 23. Abigail, of William Wheeler. October 23. Paul, of Edward Wentworth. October 23. Elizabeth, of John Jamisson. November 6. Benjamin, of Philip Liscom. November 27. Isaac, of Edward Esti. February 19, 1720-21. Henry, of Daniel Stone. March 12. John, of John Hixon. April 9. Nathaniel, of David Stone. April 16. Mercy, Mecletton. May 24. Amity, of Mr. Joseph Morse. July 16. Elijah, of Samuel Billing ; Lydia, of Jabez Frost. July 30. Abigail, Miriam, of Elea. Puffer, twins. August 13. Isiach, of Thomas Jordan. November 5. Hannah, of Isac Comings. December 10. Mary, of Joseph Holland. December 17. Thankful and Prudence Redman. February 11, 1721-22. Samuel, of John Dickerman. May 6. • , of Benjamin Gill ; James, of James Smith ; Jonah, of Samuel Heartwell. June 3. Ruth, of Joseph Esti, Jr. ; William Weeks, Charles Wentworth, Zacharih Lyon, Joseph Fenno, Isaac Fenno, John Fenno, Ruth Fenno, Elizabeth Fenno. July 1. Nathaniel Otis. July 8. Abijah, of Timothy Jones ; Hannah, of Samuel Bird. July 22. Abigail, of Eben. Clap. September 30. Abigail, of Edw. Wentworth. November 21. Freelove Monk. November 28. John William Wheeler. December 4. John, of William Crane; Ephram, of Benjamin Smith. December 9. Elizabeth, of Edw. Esti. . March 3, 1723. James, of Elias Puffer. March 31. Mary, of Bettiah Billing. April 21. Michael, of Speer. June, 1723. Ezekiel, of Shub. Wentworth. June 29. Amity, of Daniel Stone ; Experience, of John Phil ips, of North Purchas, Taunton. June 16. Samuel, of John Throbridge. June 30. Ephram, of David Eames. July 7. Abigaiel, of David Stone. July 21. Elizabeth, of William Sherman. September 1. Keziah, Mary, of Ezra Morse, of Dedham, twins. September 22. Jesse, of Desire Hawse. December 8. Ebenezer, of George Talbot. February 2, 1723-24. Mercy, of John Dickerman. February 23. Isaac, of Isaac Comins. March 22. Mary, of Thomas Tolman, Jr. April 5, 1724. At Dedham, New Congregation at Guilds; Rachel, of Samuel Thorp; Sarah, of Ebenezer Dean; Sarah, of Nathaniel Guile; Hannah, of William Bullard, Jr. ; Martha, of White, of Dorchester, South Precinct. April 12. John Hawse, Mary, of Ebenezer Clap; Benjamin, of Benjamin Smith. May 17. Sarah, of Mary Meollen ; Mary Redman. May 31. Nathan, of Samuel Heartwell. July 19. Sarah, of Samuel Esti. July 26. , of William Weeks. September 13. Joseph, of Joseph Esti, Jr. October 25. Benjamin, of Benjamin Gill. November 1. Ebenezer, of Elkanah Billing; Ananiah, Wil liam, Rachel, Bethiah, of Charles Wentworth. December 6. Robert Redman, and his wife Mary, Jonathan Kenny, John Kenney, Sarah, of Robert Redman. January 10, 1724-25. Sarah, of Cornelius Thing. January 17. Sarah White. January 24. Guild, of Jonathan Kenney. February 7. Samuel, of Samuel Bird. February 28. Stephen, of Stephen Billing. March 4. Hannah, of William Wheeler. March 28. Cornelius, of Cornelius Collick. April 4. Sion Wentworth, Mary, of Joseph Smith. August 1. Sarah, of Benjamin Savel. September 5. Mehitable, of John Hixon. March 13, 1726. Nathaniel, of William Sherman ; Jonathan, of Jonathan Kenny. March 20. Eliphalet, of Elias Monk. March 27. Mulford, of Corne's Thompson ; Sarah, of Samuel Heartwell. July 10. Silas, of Joseph Sarvin. August 7. Jonathan, of Beriah Billing. 1726-27. Ann, of Daniel Stone, by Rev. Mr. Dexter. March 5. By Rev. Mr. Thatcher: David, of Thomas Jordan; Zebulon, of William Crane; Experience, of George Talbot; Silas, of Edward Wentworth; Benjamin, of Benjamin Gill; Stephen, of David Tilden; Manapah, of John Diokerman ; William Witherbee. May 24. James, of Shubael Wentworth ; William, of Joseph Smith. During his ministry of ten years thirty-one per sons were added to the church, and one hundred and sixty-seven were baptized. He had preached the Word of God ten years and nine months before his ordination. In 1726-27 his connection with the parish was dissolved by mutual consent. He con tinued to reside in the parish until his death. He was buried in the old Canton Cemetery. The in scription on the gravestone is as follows : " Here lyes buried the. Body of the Rev4. Mr. Joseph Mors, dec4 Nov. 29, 1732. in ye 61st year of his age. Within this silent grave here now doth ly Him that is gone unto Eternity. Who, when he lived was by good men respected, Although by others was perhaps rejected, Yet that don't hinder his Triumphant Joy With Saints above where nought can him annoy." He was a man of considerable property, as appears by the following, which is copied from the Registry of Probate for the county of Suffolk, vol. 31, pp. 184, and which may be interesting as showing what com posed the property of that day : 936 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. "An Inventory of Mr. Joseph Morse his estate who departed this life November 29th, 1732. Books one Bible Pools Annotations £35. To wearing apparel 2 Rings & Cane 16. 16 To housing Land with orchard k meadow 1450. To oxen k steers 27. 5 To cows Heifers Bulls, Horse Hiered k Sheep... 67. 15 To Five Beds Bed Cloaths k Bed-Steads 50. To Silver Tankard one cup k seven spoons 37. 10 To Pewter Platters, Plates, Basins, Tankard Flaggon spoons k Earth11 Ware 8. 3 To three Brass Kettles warming pan k skillet... 10. To chest of Draws and two Tables 8. 2 To 2 Weavers Looms k their tackling 7. 9. 6 To 2 Saddles Mail Pillion k Portmanteau 6. 4 To Iron Potts Potthooks k Kettle 2. To Iron Tramells Cart Hoops Streaks k Nails... 7. 4 To 16 chairs 3 Trunks 2 chests k 2 Boxes 4 15 To chest wth one Draw Cupboard Joynt chest k Table 2. 4 To axes fetters old iron chain Plow k horse tackling 2. 16 To five swine, Barrells Tubbs Trays old stilliards k Gun 9. To Lanthorn, Candlesticks, Candlebox fire Irons Leather for Shoes one Hive of Bees Look'g Glass Small Chest Box k Lumber 11. 2 £1763: 5: 6 " The above Inventory was Taken k the Goods apprised ac cording to the best of our understanding of what was brought to our View by us at Stoughton. " John Wentworth. "Thomas Spur. " Samuel Hartwell. " Boston, April 24, 1733." We have thus gathered from various sources such things pertaining to Mr. Morse and his ministry as seem to be of interest. Mr. Noyes has his auto graph in his possession, and an account kept between himself and his mother, Priscilla, dated 1693. The gold-headed cane mentioned in his inventory is now in the possession of one of his descendants at Man chester, N. H. His father died Feb. 3, 1731. His paternal grandfather was John Morse, who was the oldest son of Samuel Morse, of Dedham, who was born in England, 1585 ; emigrated to New England, 1635 ; settled at Dedham, 1637 ; and died at Med field, April 5, 1654. Joseph Morse was born in Medfield about 1671, and was graduated at Harvard College in 1695. After leaving college he sometime resided in Providence, R. I., where he married Amity Harris. He then re sided and preached at Watertown until he came to the place of his ordination, at about the age of forty- seven. Rev. Joseph Morse's children were Joseph, born at Watertown, 1706, who married Bethia Waters for his first wife; John, born at Watertown, 1708; Amity, born at Watertown, 1710 ; Sion, born 1713, at Stoughton (now Canton) ; Henry and Mary. Many of their descendants now reside in Canton. Rev. Samuel Dunbar succeeded Mr. Morse, and was ordained in 1727. The following extracts from the records in relation to singing are of interest : "April 6. There being like to be a difference ab't Singing, some of ye Brethren proposed New Tunes to be added to the old ones and some against. I proposed to ye Chh. May 18, thatwe would settle ye matter by y er vote k to ye end bring in yer votes in meeting next Lds Day evening and further vote who should set ye tune." " May 25. Put off ye voting till next Lord's Day Evening at ye desire of several." "Junel. Voted that Some New Tunes be added to ye Old ones yt are ordinarily sung in ye Congregation and ye Mr. Dunbar set ym." The Mr. Dunbar above mentioned must have been the Rev. Pastor himself. There was no other man of his name in the church or parish. He was a famous singer, and his only son, Elijah, who was born this year, and baptized Aug. 24, 1740, was afterwards renowned in the churches for his singing. The subject of church music caused no little agita tion in those days. What was called " regular sing ing" had been introduced, and, as we are told by Mr. Drake in his " History of Boston," " the practice was opposed by the churches generally." The Puritans were averse to regular singing. They say, in "The Confession," 1571, "We allow the people to join in one voice in a psalm-tune, but not in tossing the psalm from one side to the other, with intermingling of organs." The excitement began somewhere about the year 1720, and raged over all the New England colonies. But it purified and brightened the churches. " In some," says Hood, " it was the glorious harbinger of a great and powerful outpouring of the Holy Spirit." Mr. Dunbar's church was at this time (1739-40) in a very flourishing state. Eleven were added to the church during the year, and. we do not find any further reference made to the matter of sinsrins. Mr. Dunbar probably " set" the tunes, as " old Mr. Peter Lyon" had done in Mr. Morse's time, and they sang as they were moved by the Spirit, making melody in their hearts. We fancy we hear them now, standing around that sacred table, lifting up their voices in Barnard's version of Psalm exxxiv. : " Lo : all ye Servants of the Lord Who nightly stand and wait, Attending in his sacred House, Jehovah celebrate. " Bless ye the Lord, lift up your Hands Within his Holy Place The Lord, who Heaven and Earth hath made Thee out of Sion bless." Mr. Dunbar preached many sermons, which were printed. The following is a reproduction of the title- page of one : CANTON. 937 Man, like Grass, weak and withering. SERMON Preach'd in the first Parish of Stoughton i; ro n The Melancholy Occasion OF T H E Premature Deaths of several Young PERSONS there; FEBRUARY Sth, 1748-9. By Samuel Dunbar, M. A. Pastor of the CHURCH there. JAMES, iv. 13, 14. Go to now, ye that say to-Day, or To-mor row, we will go into such a City and continue there a year, and buy and sell, and get Gain. Whereas ye know not what shall be on the Morrow : For what is your Life f It is even a Vapour, that apfeareth for a little Time, and then vanish- eth awav. BOSTON: Printed by J. Green for D. Cookin, in Marl borough Street. 1749. This discourse was suggested, as he says in a note, by the deaths, which followed each other in rapid suc cession, of a child of Mr. James Andros and a child of Mr. Samuel May : of Eiisha Tailor, Abigail Lis- cum, Mary Houghton, Mary Clap, young persons, and " The Aged Widows, Mrs. Morse and Mrs. Stearns, good old Deacon Blackman, Mr. Moses Gill, and Mr. Benjamin Gill; Mr. Humphrey Atherton, Mrs. Mary Fisher, Mrs. Paul, Ann Shadd." Paul Revere, at the age of twenty-one, accompanied Col. Richard Gridley to Crown Point in 1755-56, and assisted in the struggle then going forward be tween France and England for the possession of this continent. And, remarkably illustrating the intimate association between the New England clergy and the laity in their work of reclaiming the land to civiliza tion both by the arts of peace and war, the Rev. Samuel Dunbar, minister of this church and town, accompanied them on their distant and perilous journey. Mr. Dunbar returned to his parochial duties on the 6th of December, 1755. The general thanksgiving had been observed in his absence, Dec. 4, 1755, but whether there had been preaching or not is not re corded. During that year a public fast was observed March 20th, July 3d, and August 28th, the latter, "A General Fast upon ye account of ye Defeat of General Braddock's Army at ye Ohio. I preached from Joshua vii. 1-7." In 1740, Mr. Dunbar thus chron icles the gathering of a new church : " May 1th. This evening the Chh. voted ye following Breth eren and Sisters of ye Chh. » Dismission and Recommendation in order to be gathered into a Distinct & Particular Chb. in ye 2d Precinct of this Town : Viz Joseph Hewins, Benjamin Esti, Peletiah Whittemore, Eleazer Puffer, Jeremiah Fuller, Joseph Hewins, Junior, John Noyes, Ebenezer Hewins, John Smith, Eleazer Hawse, Benja. Savel, Daniel Richard's, Benj. Esti, Ju nior, Ebenr. Esti, Samuel Cowmings, Clifford Belcher, Eliza beth Whittemore, Mary Savel, Rebeckeh Esti, Elizabeth Puffer, Harriet Fuller, Hannah Hewins, Judith Hewins, Mary Hawse, Martha Esti." There had been preaching for some time, doubtless, in the Second Precinct, now Sharon, before the founda tion of the church. We find the following record, 1737-38 : "July 23. This Lord's Day about 30 Families drew off from the Public Worship in this place to ye New Meeting House on ye Plain at Masspoag. Young Mr. Burnal preached among ym Ye Lord give grace i Truth in this town k precinct." In those days it was the practice to double date between January 1st and March 25th, thus 1737-38, until the introduction of New Style in 1752. Prior to 1752 the civil year began in March, which was called the first month. To render Old Style into New Style the first month must be reckoned as the third, and eleven days be added to all dates between 1700 and 1752. In 1741-42. "Jan. 13, 1741-2, The Pastor k Deacons ye Delegates of ye Chh. assisted in ye Ordaining Council, k Or dained ye Rev. Wm. Philip Curtis, Pastor of ye Chh. in ye 2d Precinct began with Prayer, Mr. Nath. Walter, of Roxbury, preached from Acts xx. 2S. I gave ye charge, and Mr. Pay- son, of Walpole, gave ye Right hand of Fellowship." Mr. Dunbar and his parish took a lively interest in this new church, as appears from various memoranda made by him. Vide the following, 1742 : " June 4th Stayed ye Chh. Voted to give to our Younger Sister Chh. in order to furnish ye Table of ye Lord am ym One Flaggon, 2 Tankards 1 Large Cup and ye Little Cups." In 1748, the twenty-second year of Mr. Dunbar's ministry, a new meeting-house was finished. " Oct. 23, 174S. This Lords Day I preached the last Fare well Sermon in the Old Meeting House, Hebrews i. 32. first clause, a large and crowded assembly. " Oct. This day was ye Dedication of ye New Meeting House. I preached from Isai. 60 7. last clause. " Oct. 30. This Lords Day and a Sacrament Day. We as sembled in the New Meeting House. I preached from Psa. 26. 8." Mr. Dunbar remained as pastor until his death, June 15, 1783. The following is the inscription on the stone which points out the spot in the cemetery where Mr. Dun bar was buried. It was written by his son, Elijah 938 HISTORY OF NOBFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. Dunbar, Esq., and the Latin is slightly altered from the inscription on the gravestone of President Chauncy, in the Cambridge graveyard : " CONDITUM Hie Corpus Est. Rev'di Samuelis Dunbari, Ecclesise Stoughtoniensis primes, Per LV. Annorum Spacium, Pastoris Vigilantissimi, Concionatoris Eximinii, Pietate. Paritus ac Liberali Eruditione, Ornatissimi. Qui Obiit in Domino June XV. MDCCLXXXIII. Et JEtatis Sum LXXIX." In these days, when the ministerial relation is so often severed, it is difficult to conceive of the state of the parish which had been blessed with the same faithful pastor for fifty-five years. It will be remem bered that there was no other religious society in all the First Parish of Stoughton, being that territory now included in and forming the town of Canton. Blessed days ! when the whole people of the precinct worshiped together around one common consecrated altar ! They took immediate steps to obtain a preacher, as appears by the following vote (p. 103, Precinct Rec ords 1783, July 14th) : "At a Prec't meeting legally assembled and held on Monday the fourteenth day of July A. D. 1783, in the first Prec't in Stoughton. "Col. Benjamin Gill, Moderator. After consideration and debate. " 1st. Voted that the Parish will meet together every Lord's day at the meeting house for public social worship, and in order to raise a fund for supplying the precinct Treasury for that purpose. " 2d. Voted that there be a free contribution every Sabbath after service, and that every one that contributes shall have an order upon the Treasurer for the money he has so contributed, and marked once every two months, if he desires it, and the Parish Committee and Parish Treasurer are hereby directed to grant orders accordingly, and ye s'd orders and allow them. " 3d. Voted that the Parish Committee be a Committee to re ceive the 2d contributions, make a particular account of it and deliver the money thus obtained to ye precinct Treasurer, taking receipts for the same. "4th. Voted Messrs. Elijah Dunbar, Benjamin Gill, and Adam Blackman, be a Committee, who are hereby authorized and empowered, (provided there shall be a fund sufficient) to supply the Pulpit, for the term of three months, beginning ye 17th August next, and ending ye 9th of November following, unless ye Parish otherwise order. "5th. Voted that ye Precinct Treasurer pay weekly for preaching, agreeable to ye contract made with ye preacher, by the above Committee. " And as it may happen through various causes that regular preaching cannot be obtained, therefore in that case. "6th. Voted that Messrs. Joseph Billings, Elijah Dunbar, John Kinney, and Benjamin Gill, be desired to lead and con duct ye public social worship in the following manner, viz: — 1st. To read a portion of ye Holy Scriptures. 2d. To read a psalm to be sung. 3d. To read some pious practical discourse. 4th. Then to read a psalm to be sung, and 5th. To dismiss the assembly by reading an Apostolical Benediction." 1786. "At a meeting of ye Freeholders and other Inhabit ants of ye first Precinct in ye Town of Stoughton, qualified to vote as ye Law directs, legally assembled and held at ye Meet ing House in ye s'd first Precinct this twenty-ninth day of May An. Dom : 1786.— " Chose Col. Benjamin Gill Moderator. " Voted to concur with ye Vote of the Church in giving Mr. Zechariah Howard a call to take ye Pastoral care of ye Church in this Place. Nem. Con. " Voted and granted to Mr. Zechariah Howard ye Sum of Ninety Pounds lawful money as a Salary to be paid him annu ally while he continues in ye Pastoral Relation to this Church and Congregation. " Voted and granted Mr. Zechariah Howard a Settlement or gratuity of two hundred pounds lawful money in order to lay a foundation for his comfortable and honorable support, one hun dred pounds to be paid him ye first year after settlement and ye other hundred pounds ye second year after his settlement. " Voted and granted Mr, Zechariah Howard ten cords of good merchantable Firewood to be delivered annually at ye Place of his abode in s'd Precinct, during ye Time he shall continue without a family, or keeping House by himself; and upon having a family or keeping House by himself, voted him twenty Cords of good Merchantable Firewood to be delivered annually at ye Place of his abode in s'd Precinct during his Pastoral Relation to this Church and Congregation. "Voted that James Endicott, Esq., George Crossman, Esq., and Messrs. Samuel Tucker, Henry Bailey, James H. Lewis and Adam Blackman be a Committee to present Mr. Zechariah Howard with copies of ye Votes of this Precinct Relative to his call and Settlement. " The Same Day ye Precinct voted to board and shingle one side of ye Roof of ye Meeting House and ye other side of ye Roof together with ye sides and ends of ye Meeting House to be repaired. " Attest, William Wheeler, "Prec't Clerk." " At a Meeting held ¦ at ye Meeting House in s'd first Pre cinct this twenty-fifth Day of September. 1786, " Chose Col. Benj'n Gill Moderator. "Mr. Zechariah Howard gave an answer to ye Call given him by ye Ch'h and Congregation in this Place who ordered ye same to be recorded. — which is as follows, viz. ' ' To the Church and Congregation in ye North Parish in Stoughton. " ' Brethren and Friends, "'Having taken under mature and serious consideration ye call which you have given me to settle with you in ye Work of ye Gospel Ministry, thinking it my Duty, I heartily accept thereof tho' it is not without Fear and Trembling that I think of taking upon me ye Weighty, ye Solemn and Important Charge. If ye greatest of ye Apostles, while he thought of ye Momentous undertaking was obliged to cry out who is equal to these things, you must be sensible that an unexperienced youth will not only stand in Need of ye greatest Candor and Friendship from ye People of his Charge but more especially of an Interest in their Prayers at ye Throne of Grace for Di vine aid and assistance let me therefore intreat of you to make it your Prayer to Almighty God with whom is ye Residue of CANTON. 939 ye Spirit of all Grace that I may in every Respect fulfil ye of fice of a faithful Minister of ye New Testament, that during my Labors among you I might approve myself unto God and ye Conscience of Men to be in Reality a Servant of Jesus Christ and that I might at all times take such heed to my Life and Doctrines as to save myself and them that hear me. The per fect union and happy agreement that has been and still sub sists among you has been a great inducement to my accepting of your Invitation. The kindness and repeated marks of Friendship that I have already received from Individuals and ye Society at large flatter me that you will cheerfully con tribute every thing necessary on your part to my comfortable and honorable support among you. You must not, indeed you cannot rationally expect to find in me, at present if ever a full and complete Reparation of ye great Loss which you sustained in ye Death of your late worthy Pastor. As successor to such a Man I nm fully sensible that I must appear to disadvantage, his illustrious example will be a stimulus to Duty and I hope, in many respects Beneficial, but had Nature been impartial in ye Distribution of her Favors it would require time and much experience to equal his attainments. But as ye great Shep herd of Israel ye kind Parent of ye Universe requires of each and all his servants in exact proportion to what he hath given unto them, I trust that having an Interest in your Prayers, I shall not neglect ye Gift that is in me but be enabled to im prove it to ye Honor of God and Benefit of ye Church, finally Brethren pray for me, pray for yourselves ; let it not only be ye Study of your lives but your daily prayers that we may each and all of us know what is ye good and acceptable and perfect Will of our God, but ever have an heart and Disposi tion to perform it. That this Sacred and Solemn connection which we are about to form may be a mutual Blessing, that we might not only live comfortably together here in this world but have a joyful meeting at ye Bar of Almighty God, where I must shortly appear to give an account of my ministry and you of ye improvement you make of it. " ' Wishing you Grace, Mercy and Peace in our Lord Jesus Christ I subscribe myself your devoted " ' Friend and humble Servant in ye Lord. " ' Zachariah Howard. "'Given at Stoughton, Sept. 17th, 1786.' " The Same Day ye Precinct Voted that ye twenty-fifth Day of Oct'r next should be ye Day for ye Ordination of Mr. Howard." Mr. Howard was duly ordained, and remained until his death, Sept. 15, 1806. Mr. Howard was succeeded by Rev. William Richey, in 1805. The following votes concerning the settle ment of Mr. Richey will serve to give " an idea," says Hon. Charles Endicott in his historical address, "of the way and manner in which they made a con tract for a parish minister seventy years ago. " April 6. ' Voted unanimously, that the town con cur with the church in giving Mr. William Richey a call to the pastoral charge of said Church aud Society of this town.' Thereupon a committee of twenty-five persons was chosen to confer with Mr. Richey, as to salary, etc., and report at an adjourned meeting. " One might suppose that poor Mr. Richey would have stood no chance whatever with a committee of twenty-five full-grown, sharp, sagacious men. But he seems to have met the ordeal bravely, for on the 15th the committee reported that the town should grant Mr. Richey one thousand dollars as a settlement, upon certain stated conditions as to length of service, etc., and pay him a salary of five hundred and seventy-five dollars per annum, ' to be computed upon the follow ing staple articles of life, on the 1st week of May, an nually, by such committee as the town shall appoint, joined with Mr. Richey, by the Boston prices, viz. : corn, rye, flour, salt-beef and salt-pork, butter, cheese, wool, flax, sole leather, and coffee,' and then they pro vided that if the salary was not paid in three months after it became due, 'then Mr. Richey to have interest after it becomes due till paid.' ' Also, that the town grant him eight cords of good, merchantable fire-wood annually, during the time he shall remain without a family, and sixteen cords annually, when he shall have a family.' " It is clear that an impression soon got abroad that the parson had been too sharp for the committee of twenty-five ; that question of interest to be computed on overdue salary was uncomfortable. So, at the next meeting, so much of the foregoing vote as related to interest was erased or expunged. But Mr. Richey, on being informed of the repeal, quietly said, in a note to the committee, that he thought he ought to receive his salary when due, and that he should expect inter est to be allowed, should there be a delinquency of payment. And the town, on hearing the letter read, again voted the interest clause, in a somewhat modi fied form. " Another difficulty ! How much should be paid in cash under the contract based upon the market price of corn, salt-pork, and the other articles named in the contract ? Messrs. Dunbar, Tucker, and Bemis labored with this problem for I know not how long, but they solved it at last, and reported the result, and also the process by which they arrived at the result, as they said it might be useful thereafter as a precedent. The result was that the cash pay for the salary of the minister for the second year of his service was re duced from five hundred and seventy-five dollars to four hundred and eighty dollars and forty-nine cents. The minister appended a certificate to the report, slightly suggestive of a sort of quiet humor, that he had reviewed the calculations made by the committee and found the result of them to correspond with the letter of the contract. This contract, however, did not always operate to the minister's disadvantage, for in one year, during the war of 1812, his salary amounted to nearly nine hundred dollars." Mr. Richey was succeeded in the pastorate by Rev. Benjamin Huntoon, who was born in Salisbury, N. H., 940 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. Nov. 28, 1792. His early life -was passed on his father's farm. He commenced his academical studies, preparatory to entering college, at the academy in Salisbury, and was graduated at Dartmouth College in 1817. During all this time he supported himself by teaching school. He had the ninth appointment in the graduating exercises, which was a dialogue with Mr. Benjamin Woodbury, who was his college chum, on the question, " Which of the learned professions is more favorable to literary eminence, Divinity or Law?" Mr. Huntoon taking the side of divinity. After leaving college he taught the academy at his native town until 1819, when he entered upon the study of divinity at Andover Theological Seminary. In the spring of 1820, his health failing, he came to Boston, and took charge of an academy in Salem Street. While carrying on this school he was invited to the ministry of the First Congregational Church in Canton, and was ordained Jan. 30, 1822. Rev. John Pierce, of Brookline, preaching the sermon, Rev. Henry Ware giving the right hand of fellowship. He soon became widely and favorably known as a most earnest worker and eloquent preacher, and probably delivered more occasional discourses than almost any other minister in the neighborhood. In the latter part of the year 1829 he was invited to preach the sermon at the dedication of a new Unitarian Church in Bangor, Me., and the society there prevailed on him to resign his pastorate here, and he was installed at Bangor in June, 1830. In the fall of 1833, his health failing under his numerous and onerous labors, he asked and received a dismission from that church, and spent the winter at Savannah, Ga., preaching to the Unitarian Society there. In 1834 he returned to the North with re-invigorated health, and was in stalled over the First Congregational Church in Milton (Rev. Dr. Morison's), Oct. 15, 1834. Again, on account of failing health, he was obliged to resign his charge, and passed the winter in the then far West, preaching at Peoria, 111., and at Chicago. In the spring of 1837 he was invited to settle at Cincinnati, Ohio, where he remained one year. In June, 1838, he went to Peoria, where he remained preaching to the First Unitarian Church there until August, 1840, when he was invited by the church in Canton, where he had been first ordained, to return, and he was accordingly reinstalled at Canton, March 13, 1841. In 1849 he resigned the pastorate and went to Marblehead, and became the pastor of the Second Congregational society at that place. In 1855, his health failing, he left that place, and in May, 1856, took charge of the parish at Winchendon, where he remained until Nov. 8, 1857. In April, 1859, he was installed over the society at West- borough, but his health continuing to fail, he was forced to relinquish his charge in February, 1860. In the fall of that year, having a desire to return to the place where he had been first ordained to the ministry, and where he had passed so many happy years, he returned to Canton, and refitted and repaired his old house. Here he spent the declining years of his life, blessed with the love and fellowship of those who had known and revered him in his earlier days, a constant worshiper, and an occasional preacher, in the church which was erected through his exertions in the first years of his ministry. His presence and his daily walk were a benediction and a psalm. His name was a household word in every family. The traditions of his early labors were familiar to all. They whom he met at the sacrament of the Lord's Supper, — they whom he had blessed at the marriage altar, — they whom he baptized in infancy, and whom he had watched over in the schools, and counseled in their riper years, — alike revered and loved him, and came to his funeral weeping mourners. They who had been his early parishioners (Deacon Dunbar, Deacon Thomas French, George Downes, Deacon Leonard Everett, Silas Kinsley, Elijah Tucker, James Bent, and others) had long been gathered to their final rest, and he seemed almost alone of the men of that day to remain. And when he died, " He fell like autumn fruit that mellowed long, Or, like a clock worn out by eating time, The wheels of weary life at last stood still." It does not become us to attempt an analysis of his character. Such a task belongs more properly to those who have known him longer, and who are better qualified otherwise to speak of him. Rev. Dr. Thomp son, of Jamacia Plain, at the funeral, spoke of him as having been one peculiarly fitted to be a pioneer in the advance of liberal Christianity. His services were sought for by the infant churches in every part of the country. There was an earnestness of personal vital piety, an animated hopefulness, and an enthu siasm of manner which gave great power and effect to all his pulpit labors. He was an active and zealous laborer in the cause of human brotherhood, and recognized and steadfastly maintained the rights of all men of whatever color, or creed, or condition. He was the uncompromising opponent of every form of oppression. He took a manly stand on all the live questions of the hour. His voice, his pen, his purse, his house, were always at the service of those who strove to promote the public good. In the performance of his daily pastoral duties he CANTON. 941 was pre-eminently happy. Wherever he went he was welcome. How kind he was ! What a large heart he had ! How he overflowed with affectionate tenderness towards all whom he met ! How his noble nature manifested itself in his obliging deeds ! How well he taught how neighbors, husbands, friends, should live ! How successfully he personified the Christian graces ! What perfect faith he had in the promises of the gospel ! And he died in the hope of a glorious resurrection. He died April 19, 1864. The following is a list of the pastors from Mr. Huntoon's first ministry to the present time : Rev. Henry F. Edes, of Providence, R. I., was ordained Oct. 26, 1831. Rev. Orestes A. Brownson, of Walpole, was in stalled May 14, 1834. Between 1836 and 1841 there was no settled pastor. Rev. Benjamin Huntoon began his second minis try March 1, 1841. First Wednesday of January, 1850, ordination of Rev. Robert P. Rogers, of Cambridge. Sept. 18, 1854, installation of Rev. Seth Salt- marsh. April 19, 1857, ordination of Rev. Nathan H. Chamberlain. Sept. 11, 1861, installation of Rev. Edward C. Guild, of Brookline. April 2, 1867, Rev. George F. Piper was engaged to preach with view to settlement, March 15, 1868. Young People's Union formed. Mr. Piper closed his ministry, October, 1872. Parsonage built and occupied. May 4, 1873, Rev. William H. Savary, of Ells worth, Me., began to preach, and was installed pastor June 8, 1873, and is the present pastor. The present meeting-house stands on a fine eleva tion of land in the territorial centre of the town, and is the second built by the parish, since its or ganization as the First Parish in Stoughton, on the 5th day of April, 1736. Then there was a small building in which the church of Dorchester, South Precinct, had been gathered, Oct. 30, 1717. When the precinct became the First Precinct in the town of Stoughton it was organized anew. In 1745, October 14th, at a legal meeting of the parish, " it was put to vote whether the precinct would build a new meet ing-house, and it passed in the affirmative, and " the same day ye Precinct choose Preserved Lyon, James Indecut and Silas Crane, a committee to provide ma terials to build the meeting-house." In it there were "convenient seats for the Indian Inhabitants of Stoughton to sit in on ye Sabbath days." The first meeting-house was taken down, and it is now a barn, I believe, in the Sixteenth Ward of Boston, late Dor chester. The church built in 1745-47 stood until 1824, the First Parish " in Stoughton" having, on the 16th day of January, 1797, became the town of Canton. The present church was dedicated Jan. 26, 1825, when the Rev. Dr. Harris, of Dorchester, Rev. John White, of West Dedham, Rev. Ralph Sanger, of Dover, and others, assisted the pastor, Rev. Benja min Huntoon, in the services. It is interesting to look over the records and to note who were the active men at the time of Mr. Huntoon's first ordination in 1822, not one of whom is alive to-day. Gen. Elijah Crane, Thomas French, Leonard Everett, Simeon Tucker, Thomas Tolman, William Tucker, Laban Lewis, Thomas Crane, Frederick W. Lincoln, were committee of ar rangements. The meeting-house then stood farther east towards Ponkapoag. Mr. Huntoon soon began to agitate the building of a new meeting-house, and on Nov. 10, 1823, a committee, composed of Gen. Elijah Crane, Deacon Gill, Thomas French, Thomas Kollock, Thomas Dunbar, Thomas Billings, Thomas Tolman, Thomas Crane, Simeon Tucker, Leonard Everett, Isaac Fenno, Samuel Hawes, Amasa Jordan, Jerathmael Crane, Laban Lewis, Ezra Dickerman, Frederick Lincoln, Capt. Charles Tucker, Maj. Tucker, Samuel Capen, Israel Bailey, Jesse Fenno, Elijah Endicott, Isaac Copeland, George Downes, was ap pointed to take the matter into consideration, and on Dec. 3, 1823, Thomas French, Thomas Tolman, George Downes, William Tucker, and Frederick W. Lincoln were appointed a committee to select a suit able place for the building. Jan. 5, 1824, Thomas Crane, Leonard Everett, Capt. Charles Tucker, were chosen a committee to prepare a draft of a meeting house, which was to be forty-six feet by fifty-four feet, and to be a house wholly in the Gothic order. The money was raised by subscriptions, by proceeds of the Wheeler donation, and otherwise, and by sale of the old meeting-house, as appears from the follow ing report of the building committee : '¦ We, the subscribers, having been directed by the building committee to report to the parish the expense of building the new meeting-house, submit the following statement : " First. They have examined accounts which they have been able to obtain from persons who have furnished material or have performed labor in erecting the new meeting-house in Canton, and find that their several bills amount to the sum of $4927.96. "Second. They also state that Gen. Elijah Crane has a de mand against the parish for timber, joist, etc., the amount of which your committee have not been able to ascertain; that there are others also in the same situation, viz., Mr. Shaller's 942 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. bill, Mr. Samuel's bill, and perhaps others; it is also expected that there will be some extra charges by Messrs. Clark and McKendry, for work done by them not specified in their re spective contracts. " Third. They further state that the proceeds of sales from the old meeting-house amounts to about S200, which in the opinion of the subscribers will cover all demands against the parish for building the new house, not presented to us, and that the cost of said house will not vary essentially from our first calculation of #4927.96. " Cantos, 4th January, 1825. " Thomas French, " Charles Tucker, "Leonard Everett, "A true copy. "James Bent, Clerk.'' Baptist Church. — The first Baptist sermon in this town was preached by Elder Joel Briggs, of Ran dolph, and April 14, 1812, occurred the first baptisms, those of Ezra Tilden and wife Bethial, his brother Abner Tilden, and Enos Upham. The old Baptist society was organized April 27, 1812, with the fol lowing persons : Samuel Blackman, Nathan Tucker, S. Tucker, Jr., Ezra Tilden, Nathan Kinney, Ben jamin Gill, Jr., Enos Upham, Abner Tilden, Ben jamin Lewis, Jabez Cobb, Samuel Canterbury, Elijah Jordan, Elijah Hawes, Spencer Wentworth, Na thaniel Billings, Jr., Jacob Wentworth, Jabez Bil lings, Thaddeus Churchill, Seth Wentworth, Oliver Wentworth, Isaac Mann. The present church was organized June 22, 1814, with thirty-five members, as follows : Nathan Tucker, Friend Crane, Jason Houghton, Lemuel Fuller, Jr., Andrew Fadden, Abner Tilden, N. T. Davis, Ezra Tilden, Jr., Oliver Houghton, Benjamin Gill (2), Elijah Hawes, Wales Withington, Enos Upham, Samuel Tucker, Jr., James Wentworth, Hannah Tucker, Caty Tucker, Abigail Hill, Abigail Bird, Ruth McKendry, Ruth Houghton, Lucy Allen, Milla Tucker, Eliphal Wheeder, Ruth Buss, Abigail Gill, Bathsheba Fuller, Bathiab Tilden, Mary Morse, Rebecca Crane, Caty Houghton, Lucinda Gill, Mary Houghton, Olive Tucker, Eliza Tucker. The pastors from that time to the present have been as follows:1 Revs. Henry Kendall, George Evans, Eiisha S. Williams, Edmund Billoon, Thomas Bar rett, Henry Stanwood (licentiate), Ferris Moore, Samuel Adams, Moses Curtis, Hiram Gear, Asaph Marriam, Charles 0. Kimball, Henry Clark, Lewis Holmes, T. C. Tinglay, David B. Ford, P. R. Rus sell, G. W. Hervey, Theron Brown, J. H. Hartman (in whose time the meeting-house was enlarged), Clifton Fletcher, N. B. Jones, Jr., E. S. Ufford. Rev. G. L. Lewis was installed in 1883, and is the present pastor. The first church building was completed in 1820, 1 Many of these were supplies. and dedicated Jan. 14, 1821. The second building was commenced late in 1835, and dedicated June 13, 1837. This building was remodeled in 1862. The First Universalist Church, was originally known as " The Norfolk Universalist Society" in the town of Canton, and was organized Jan. 26, 1819, at the house of Mr. George Downs, with eighty-eight members from Canton, and also a number from Stoughton and Sharon, and one from Milton and one from Dedham. During the succeeding years meetings were held and preaching enjoyed in Leavitt's Hall, and in the old town house in Canton, until, in 1847-48, an eligible spot of land containing a quarter of an acre was ob tained in the heart of the South Canton Village on the easterly side of the old Bay road, on which they built a meeting-house. The society was growing with the growth of the town, and it was found expedient, if not necessary, to make a change in the name of the society, and on Jan. 20, 1849, a petition was presented to Ellis Ames, Esq., one of the justices of the peace within and for the county of Norfolk, by fourteen members of the society " commonly known as the First Universalist Society in Canton," for him to issue his warrant requiring the qualified voters of said society to meet to organize themselves as a corporation and select a corporate name, etc. This petition was signed by Daniel Tisdale, Jona. Messinger, John Cram, Samuel Chandler, Uriah Billings, Samuel Leonard, William Mansfield, C. S. Fowler, F. W. Deane, J. S. Shepard, Lawton Smith, V. J. Messinger, John Fanning, V. A. Messinger. Pursuant to Mr. Ames' warrant, directed to Law- ton Smith, one of the applicants for a warrant, a meeting was duly and legally called, and held in the meeting-house of the First Universalist Society in Canton, on Saturday the 3d day of February, 1849, at six o'clock in the afternoon. The following qualified voters of said society ap peared : Uriah Billings, John Cram, John Hall, Lawton Smith, Charles S. Fowler, Charles Leland, William Mansfield, Samuel Chandler, Charles Mel len, Daniel Tisdale, James S. Shepard, Vernon A. Messinger, Lorenzo R. Smith, Jonathan Messinger, Joel Holmes, Francis W. Deane, William Morse, Stephen F. Tillson, C. H. Harlow, Virgil J. Messinger. Ellis Ames, Esq., having read the warrant and the return thereon, called for the voters to elect a clerk, and Mr. Virgil J. Messinger2 was unanimously chosen, 2 Mr. Virgil J. Messinger, who was the first elerk chosen by the First Universalist Parish of Canton, has been annually re elected its clerk for thirty-five consecutive years, and is the present clerk. CANTON. 943 and the oath of office having been administered to him by Ellis Ames, Esq., he took the chair and called upon the meeting to elect a moderator, and Samuel Chandler was unanimously chosen. Upon motion of Uriah Billings it was then voted that this society do organize themselves as a corpora tion or parish, with all the powers given to corpora tions by the forty-fourth chapter of the " Revised Statutes," and with all the other powers, etc., ex pressed in the twentieth chapter of the " Revised Statutes," under the name of the First Universalist Parish in Canton. Jonathau Messinger, William Mansfield, William Morse were chosen assessors ; Francis W. Deane, treas urer ; James S. Shepard, collector ; Uriah Billings, Charles S. Fowler, Lawton Smith, standing com mittee. The meeting-house was built in shares, of which there were sixty-five ; all the shareholders subse quently conveyed their rights and interest in the house as distinct from the pews to the parish, which assumed and has retained control of the house as a religious corporation. A committee of three was chosen to appraise the pews and to appoint a day for leasing the same, and William Mansfield, Uriah Bil lings, James S. Shepard were chosen, who appointed Saturday, April 14, 1850, at four o'clock p.m., as the time, and in accordance therewith all the pews belonging to the parish, thirty-one in all, were put up at auction to be leased to the highest bidder above the appraisal, of which twenty-one, appraised collectively at one hundred and eighty-eight dollars, were leased for the sum of $243.50. " Samuel Bradley Noyes, Esq., by request officiated as auctioneer." Several gentlemen of Canton who were members of or interested in the First Congregational Parish and in other societies, had furnished money for the build ing of the meeting-house, one of whom is thus men tioned in the records of a meeting on March 9, 1852 : " It was moved and unanimously voted that the thanks of this parish be and are hereby tendered to F. W. Lincoln, Esq., for his very liberal and generous dona tion to this parish of his two pews, and all interest in the house and land owned by said society." The pulpit was supplied by various ministers until Dec. 27, 1854. Rev. Joseph Crehore was installed as pastor of the First Universalist Parish in Canton. Rev. Hosea Ballou read the Scriptures ; Rev. Lovejoy made introductory prayer ; Rev. E. G. Brooks, of Lynn, preached the sermon ; Rev. W. H. Ryder, of Roxbury, gave installation prayer ; Rev. E. Fisher, of South Dedham, charge to pastor; Rev. J. W. Dennis, of Stoughton, right hand of fellowship ; Rev. W. H. Ryder, address to the people. On the 4th day of August, 1857, Rev. Joseph Crehore resigned the pastorate. The parish met on the 17th of the same month, and resolved that they " desire that he will reconsider the reasons which have induced him to tender his resignation," and if he would "continue his labors as our pastor we unreservedly pledge him our most cordial co-operation, sympathy, and support." This vote was communicated to him by the standing com mittee. Mr. Crehore replied that he " felt constrained to adhere to the decision" heretofore communicated to the parish. The parish then by vote accepted his letter, and his pastorate closed Oct. 31, 1857. Rev. Henry Jewell succeeded Mr. Crehore as pastor in September, 1858. He remained seven years and five months, when he resigned, and accepted a call in a Western State. He was universally respected and be loved by the parish and through the town. His pas torate closed February, 1866. March 26, 1866, at a meeting of the parish, " Hon. Charles Endicott made some remarks in regard to the expediency of uniting the Universalist and Unitarian Parishes in this town, whereupon it was voted that a committee of three be chosen for that purpose, to confer with a committee of that parish, and Charles Endicott, F. W. Deane, James S. Shepard were chosen as that committee, which committee at a meeting of the parish held Nov. 12, 1866, reported verbally that it was inexpedient. Rev. George W. Perry was ordained pastor of the First Universalist Parish of Canton by the Massachu setts Universalist State Convention, Feb. 24, 1868, and on July 9, 1868, by ordination services at the meeting-house in Canton. Mr. Perry resigned Nov. 12, 1869, and his resignation was accepted to take effect Dec. 31, 1869. Rev. Edmund Davis was en gaged as pastor and commenced his labors December, 1870, and resigned Feb. 1, 1873; was re-engaged July 1, 1873; resigned April 9, 1879; left July 1, 1879. Dec. 19, 1881, Rev. E. A. Read was invited to preach ; resigned Nov. 18, 1883. The Evangelical Congregational Church was organized July 3, 1828, at the house of Mrs. Katie Hartwell. There were present as council Dr. Cod man, of Dorchester, Dr. Coggswell, of South Dedham (now Norwood), Jonathan Curtis, of Sharon, Samuel Gile, of Milton, Dr. Hitchcock, of Randolph, Dr. Burgess, of Dedham. Dr. Park, of Stoughton, was moderator. There were only ten in number who sought the organization of a church, and these be came the first members, — Deacon Ebenezer Crane, Stephen Thayer, Tilly Flint, Hannah Crane, Betsy 944 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. Crane, Frances Crane, Judith Albee, Abigail Kollock, Mary Kollock, Jane H. Kollock. For a year and a half there was neither a house of worship nor settled pastor ; but the old record says that in the mean time " meetings were regularly held at Mrs. Hartwell's, who freely opened the doors of her house to their preaching, although from the first she had kept the door of her heart shut against their doctrine." In 1830 a church edifice was dedicated, and Rev. William Harlow was ordained pastor. Rev. Joy H. Fairchild preached the ordination sermon from John xviii. 38, "What is truth?" Rev. Mr. Harlow re mained two years. Rev. John Turner succeeded him as stated supply ; he was followed by Rev. Erastus Dickinson, who was ordained in 1835, aud gave two years of an ardent youth to the service of the church. Succeeding his ministry were seven years of preach ing by supply ; Rev. H. G. Park and Rev. John S. Kidder supplying most of the time. On the 5th of June, 1844, Rev. William B. Ham mond was ordained and installed pastor. He remained seven years. Succeeding him, Rev. Solomon Clark was installed Nov. 12, 1851 ; he also had a pastorate of seven years, and the church moved on steadily pro gressing. The old record says, " Upon his dismissal it be came apparent to the church and society that a more attractive house of worship would promote their pros perity." The result of their deliberations and labors and sacrifices was a new and commodious church ded icated, and the last bills upon it paid Aug. 22, 1860. Rev. Rufus W. Clark, D.D., preached the sermon. Rev. I. P. Langworthy made the consecrating prayer, and at the same time Rev. Ezra Haskell was ordained pastor. Rev. R. G. Vermilye preached the sermon. Rev. H. B. Hooker made the ordaining prayer. Mr. Haskell was dismissed April 27, 1865. Rev. Rowland H. Allen was ordained Nov. 1, 1865. Professsor E. A. Park preached the sermon. Rev. Jonathan Edwards made the ordaining prayer. Up to that date the pastors have been Rev. William Harlow, ordained 1831, dismissed 1832; Rev. John Tucker, engaged 1833, dismissed 1834; Rev. Erastus Dickinson, ordained 1835, dismissed 1837 ; Rev. Harrison G. Park, engaged 1839, dismissed 1841; Rev. John S. Kidder, engaged 1841, dismissed 1842 ; Rev. William B. Hammond, ordained June 5, 1844, dismissed Jan. 2, 1851 ; Rev. Solomon Clark, installed Nov. 12, 1851, dismissed Jan. 19, 1858; Rev. Ezra Haskell, ordained Aug. 22, I860, dismissed April 27, 1865 ; Rev. Roland P. Allen, ordained Nov. 1, 1865. His pastorate ended with this church in March, 1867. Rev. William E. Dickinson was called, and sent his letter of acceptance to become pastor Nov. 27, 1867. He remained as pastor until April, 1870. Feb. 27, 1867, Rev. J. F. Jennison was called to supply the pulpit, and stayed until Aug. 1, 1874. Rev. J. W. Savage was hired to supply the pulpit from the third Sabbath in October, 1874, and con tinued to do so until Nov. 14, 1880 ; aod later than that date, with the exception of one year's supply by Rev. Mark Taylor, the church has sat under the preaching of various clergymen of the faith. The present officers of the church are : deacons, Edward R. Eager and Elijah A. Morse ; John How ard, treasurer. St. John's Roman Catholic Church. — About the year 1854 Rev. Father Strain, of Chelsea, came to Canton and began to preach in the " Stone Factory Chapel," in West Canton ; with him came Rev. Terence Fitzsimmons, of St. Peter and St. Paul Church, Broadway, South Boston ; the building of a church was begun on " Chapel Hill," so called, a short distance north of the railroad station in South Canton. It was opened for service in 1855. Rev. P. F. Lin- don succeeded Fitzsimmons, attended by his assistants, Mr. Callaher and Mr. Hatley, till 1861, when the lat ter, Rev. John Hatley, came to reside in Canton, and under his auspices, by the Lord's help, the present church was built, and was dedicated in 1868. It will seat, including the choir, seven hundred and seventy- five persons. There are two services on each Sunday, the average attendance on each of which is eight hun dred. The number of communicants is over fifteen hundred. It cost about sixteen thousand dollars, and was dedicated by Archbishop Williams. Connected with the church is a parsonage, and a capacious hall and vestry. It is in contemplation to enlarge the present church or to build another. CHAPTER LXXII I. CANTON— (Continued). THE PRESS, MANUFACTURES, BANKS, ETC. The Canton Journal— Early Manufactures— The First Cotton- Factory— Present Manufactures— Memorial Hall— Military Record— Number of Men Furnished— Amount of Money Raised— Various Votes in Relation to Bounties, etc.— Roll of Honor— Revere Encampment, Grand Army of the Republic — The Neponset National Bank — Canton Institution for Savings— Representatives from 1776 to Present Time. The Canton Journal.— For about twenty years there had been no local newspaper in Canton, no one seeming to have any desire to embark in such an en- CANTON. 945 terprise until December, 1876, when N. T. Merritt, ! of Dorchester, a gentleman of considerable newspaper experience, established the Canton Journal. This paper was started as an eight-column folio. The progress of the paper under Mr. Merritt's manage ment was not such as to guarantee success, and at the end of four months he was obliged to step down and out. D. S. Hasty, of Easton, proprietor of the Easton Journal and Stoughton Sentinel, thereupon took the paper in charge, appointing E. B. Thorndike, its present publisher and proprietor, local representative. Mr. Thorndike opened an office in the post-office building, and at once went to work with the deter mination to place the paper upon a sound basis. From this point it became apparent that his labors would be crowned with prosperity, and that a perma nent local paper for Canton was an established fact. In the path to success in journalism, as in the other walks of life, there are obstacles to overcome, and unexpected events often present themselves, which seem for the time to retard progress, and to this the Canton Jour nal was to experience its share. A few weeks after assuming control of the paper the proprietor, Mr. Hasty, was removed by the hand of death, and thus necessitated another change. At the settlement of Mr. Hasty's estate, A. P. Smith, of Stoughton, pur chased the printing-office located at Stoughton, and known as the Sentinel office, the several papers there printed, and the good-will of the entire business. Mr. Thorndike continued with Mr. Smith until November, 1880, at which time he purchased the good-will and title of the Canton Journal, and removed the com posing-room to Canton, opening in the upper story of Meserve's building, on the corner of Washington and Rockland Streets. Type, presses, and material were added from time to time, until the business had grown to such an extent that a larger printing-room was inevitable. On the 19th of November, 1881, just one year after the purchase of the Journal by Mr. Thorndike, he secured the services of J. T. Geissler, of Sharon, as editor, who still holds that position. The first of May, 1882, found the establishment in the more com modious quarters on Church Street, known as the " old school-house," where it still remains. Upon entering these new apartments large additions to type, materials, etc., were again made. New presses, including a Camp bell cylinder, a power paper-cutter, a steam-engine, and boiler, were put in, and the town of Canton for the first time could boast of a steam printing-office within its borders. On the 27th of October of the same year the size of the Journal was increased to nine columns folio, thus giving more space for local matter, 60 which had become crowded by advertisers. It is now in its eighth volume, steadily increasing its army of readers, and still aiming to a higher point in the journalistic world. Manufacturing Interests. — Perhaps it may not be generally known that the first cotton-factory by machinery in Massachusetts was located at Canton in 1803. From papers of the late James Beaumont we ex tract a portion of the agreement entered into by the company : " James Beaumont, Abel Fisher, and Lemuel Bailey agreed to enter into Partnership to begin and carry on the Cotton- spinning Business, and, on the 14th day March, 1803, they agreed in a manner which the following copy of the writings will best explane. " Be it Known that we James Beaumont, Abel Fisher and Lemuel Bailey having provided a Building and Machinery for Spinning Cotton Yarn upon the eastern branch of Neponset River in the town of Canton, in the county of Norfolk, Do enter into the following articles of agreement. " 1st. — We shall be known and transact Business under name of James Beaumont k Co. "2nd. — That the Stock shall amount to twenty four Hundred Dollars and be advanced by each one in the following propor tion, Viz. — "Said James Beaumont shall advance sixteen hundred dol lars. "Said Abel Fisher shall advance four hundred dollars. " Said Lemuel Bailey shall advance four hundred dollars. " Making the whole stock to amount to Twenty-four Hun dred dollars as afores'd. " 3rd. — It is agreed that the whole Cost of erecting s'd Build ing, and procuring the Machinery shall be considered as part of money advanced towards Stock, and each one shall be cred ited as he has advanced and that the privilege of water, and also of land on which s'd Building is erected, or any additional Improvement that may be made and other convenient necessary Room for carrying on s'd Business or manufactory shall con tinue five Years from the date hereof." The partnership was to continue five years, and James Beaumont was to have the sole direction of the business. It was also " agreed that the work people may be boarded by the partners in proportion to their' respective rights in Stock provided nevertheless, that the place of board be conveniently near the factory, and the food and Drink be of such a Quality as is fit and necessary to comfort and invigorate people employ'd in s'd Business and that the rate of Board allowed each partner shall be similar in similar Circumstances. " In Testimony of our mutual Consent and confirmation of every clause and article of the foregoing, Ave the parties afore said have herounto set our hands and Seals this fourteenth Day of March in the year of our Lord Eighteen hundred and three. "Signed Sealed and delivered each partner in presence of Elijah Dunbar, Thomas Dunbar. " James Beaumont, "Abel Fisher, "Lemuel Bailey." 946 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. Reminiscences of James Beaumont. — The follow ing reminiscences of manufacturing in Canton from 1803 to 1813 were written by the late James Beau mont, when in his eightieth year : " I was engaged in a nominal partnership with two men, Abel Fisher, and Lem1 Bailey, they owned, the Millprivelage called the old Everton place, it had been occupied in earley times as a forge and grist-mill, but when I first saw it the water was running, down in its natural bed. my partners ingaged to build the dam. k Factory building, and due time I got the Ma chinery to work (with some assistance) which consisted of 3 Cards, a drawing and roveing, frame and a Mule of 144 spin dles, I had made with my own hands, the drawing and roving Cans, and other tin work, in a coppersmiths shop in Boston, we first began to make, Wick yarn for the Candle makers the first. lot was made from sea Island Cotton, and was very smooth and beautiful ; I took a sample of it. to a well known, Firm in Ros- bury. Aaron Davis k Co. " Mr. Ezra Sampson was * partner and active manager in the soap, and candle, department, he pronounsed the wicking firstrate, and they gave me a large order and agreed to give me 75 cents ^>, fe for it. the stained sea Island Cotton had cost me. about 23 or 24 cents "g. lb but Mr. Sampson surmised that the white Georgia Cotton would be whiter, and more suitable if not so smooth, so I used it the price of upland Cotton at that time. was from 16 to 18 Cents ^ lb. " A year or two after this, the Messrs Davis & Co.s Candles, got into such request, especially the moulders, that I worked up for them eleven (11) Bales of Cotton into wicking in one year they then furnished the cotton and they gave 25 Cents "p lb for working U — I likewice, made wicking for other candle makers. in less degree. "when the machinery had got well gated — we began to make warp k filling yarn for domestick cloth; the first Piece was for sheeting this was made from seaisland Cotton was warped on common warping barr it was sized in the chain. I wrung it out of the size tub myself hand over hand. Tattershall, an English weaver, made good cloths of it. Thus, in 1802 was the first piece of Cotton cloth over, made in America from Mule yarn, either all or in part I sold such cloth at 50 cents "p yard and shirting from 35 to 42 Cents J>. yard. " I put a sample of my first, sheeting in the Museum at Lowell 7 or 8 years ago. Mr. Kimball, of that establishment who had been a manufactor said he had no doubt of the au- thentisity of the relck, after examining it. "My partners in business, Fisher k Bailey, I found out was not desirous to continue with me their only object from the first was to dispose of the Everton place, and they had not Money to carry on with, so they gave me a bond for a Deed I not as yet being naturalized so I had it all to myself my little concern was so successful that I had several offers from Gentle men of cappital to become partners ; amongst the rest was I. Smith Boyce of Dorchester he proposed that I should sell out at Canton, and he would furnish me with funds and have a Fac tory built at Dorchester on a large scale, we had had several conflabs about it. I had had so much toil and care in getting my little concern at Canton underway that I had no desire to move "However Mr Boyce being an extreamly industrious active man, he did get a Factory agoing say about the year 1807 or 8. this was without doubt the most prosperous and Profitable con cern of the kind ever established in the Vnion "There were made Bedticks, Ginghams, shirtings k sheet ings in large quantities in the time of the Embargo and 1812 War; and long after. " In the embargo Cotton got down to 8 or 9 Cents but when war was declared it rose to the enormous price to 40 Cents and once to 48 the seacoast was blockaded, but it was found that Cotton could be brougt by teams, all the way by land so that it could be afforded at the first mentioned price or less "It a was fine sight to behold these Teams & their drivers I once saw a string those teams pass through Dedham 6 or 8 in number fine well cared for brown and black horses, 4 or 6 in a team, but the drivers were even more black shiney & fat than the horses; cuff was in his glory then nourshing his long wip and grinning at the Dedhamites in merry glee saying dare you you cannot displays sich a fine team of osses as dis in your poor plantations (nor could they) " A Bale of Goods, seemingly India Cotton, much used then had fallen from one of the Wagons, and the drivers balled out in corous to the conductor (the only white man amongst them) who speedily replaced it by as many black paws as could get hold of it " In my remarks on the other page, I meant to notice respect ing the great success of the Dorchester Factory that the owners before the war was commenced had purchased a very large quantity of Cotton at the lowest figure, when as before stated it rose to 4 or 5 times its originall cost "About the year 1802-3 John Blackbourn came over from England and soon after eommeced building the Tyler Mill at Pawtucket R. I. Mr. Blackbourn was perhaps the most effeceent and skillful Machinest then in the Union he was likewice well versed in the construction of that kind of Machines call Thros tle frames, a great improvement (on Arkwrights first inventions) both for cheapness and dispack of work Mr B. did not like Slater lock, bolt, and guard is establishment but the doars were freely opened to the bublick — this eonsern was highly prosper ous, a few years after Mr Blackbourn went to Mendon in this state, and with assistance Built the largest Factory then in the country, this was also prosperous "In the time of the Embargo and War following, Mills and Machiner began to increee abundantly, young America had got hold of the machinest and manufacorers aret, and he drove it with steam speed— the Rhode Islanders, with Slater k Black bourn at their head, hunted up the millsites, and waterfalls, in that part of Massachusetts now called Webster and Slaterville, were a vast business is done at this time " To return to my own matters when establesed first at Canton I ingeneral let people have a free look, into my Mill espeshaly the females the farmers wives and daughters would come to buy yarn and would of course want to see the Factory " I would open the outer door leading into the entry ; and after shutting the same: they especially the young ones would be sore afraid when they heard the thundering clattering noise within I would open the inner door and they would peep in, then advance a little way and look round with great aston ishment, one old Lady was looking at the large slivers of cotton drawings, advanceing out of the big drawing cans up through the rolers— as if by majick, would exclaim now do tell, lud amassy! is that spinning, then another having advanced further having espeyed the Mule would scream do marm, come here and look at this great big high wheel, that has everso many spindles drawing out at once and nobody to them, and then another viteron Lady spinner would shout out what on harth are you going to do with all this yarn, you never will be able to sell it in this varst world " Canton in 1801.— When I first saw the Everton place which I afterward improved the Water course, was shooting through its natural bed, there was a Grist Mill standing on the north side and there had been a Forge for Iron worked there, but, it was all in ruins, the larg gearing and Waterweel shaft had CANTON. 947 been sawed nearly through, and mended with bars of Iron here was dessollation mannifest; the place had a bad name, and was said to be haunted, indeed if weather the inisschief had been done by evil spirits or evil bodys in the flesh, they had made finishing work of it "It was a delightful place for a Dam here the rocky banks approached near to gather, and a small rocky Island reared its brushy & Flower decorated, head right in the middle of the River (called the eastern branch of the neponsett) the old Grist Mill was a relict of antiquity, it had been used, for a building to manufactor Gunpowder in; before or at the time of the rev olutionary war. it had been moved probably on the Ice from the millprivilege above now known as the Revere copper, Co's works this old building was again removed about 50 years ago 10 or 12 roods, and has been used since as a stable for the storage of hay, and the lodging of Cattle and there it yet stands — with the Iasabella grape vinecliming up to its southern gable up to its ver ridge pole, an emblem of youth and old age closely intwined in love together, as may be now seen from the great viaduct close by, at this day — There was not any dwelling house on the premises but one, and that containing two rooms below and a low chamber above at that time in this old shell, with some additions made to it I lived very happily several years with a large family "The roads were very poor at that time large boulders and rocks imbelishing it on each side, and some times in the middle thereof But, the latter was sometime convenient for teams turning out you could drive on each side, and in other places the ruts would be so deep that it would be difficult to pass " In regard to buildings they were low and cheaply built, and in winter have been very uncomfortable had it not been for the rousing fires they constantly keept, in cold weather, the cracks in the boards k holes under the doors, with the broaken glass in the windows gave them a quantum sufficet of pure air for all purposes "Their Barns was not large, they had a good deal of land but not much fodder, and but few cattle to eat it. The best farmers however, would have a yoke of Oxen and a horse to do their work, the Orchard was the best attended to of all their lands; and gardens if any the least as for flowers they did not need any the romping Johns wort and the great Ox daisey, white weed, embelished their fields with yellow White and golden Flowers delightful to see, then they had the Flax plant earefuly nurtered, with its exquitly beautiful blue flowers, and what did they need more of the kind "they generaly contrived to raise Corn and Rje for bread; to fat the hogs and a little for the working cattle, they did not raise much English Hay, but carefully applyed all their man- nure for the dressing of the Corn k Flax, most of their fodder was obtained from the low-bog meaddows, this they had abund antly, and when well got did very well for the young stock and cows that did not give milk " Most of the best farmers had a small flock of Sheep, those with the Flax they depended on for their clothing ; the Ladys, —I mean the women, the farmers Wife and daughters were the principle Manufacorers, they did not want many shoes in summer nor were Stockings very abundant. A fashionable Mantumaker of the modern time would have been in danger of starving before thos Women would have helped her " Go with me to a farm-house ' summer' the old Grandfather a deacon of the congregational church just come in from the hay field, the mistris of the house ready to receive me saying after introductory complements ' she' will you go and sit down in the other room (best), my husband will be in soon, no I had rather eit here and see you make cheese did you never see cheese making, they do not make any chees whear I was brought up (Yorkshire in England) She, then what do they do with theier milk in warm weather. Oh ! they set it in a cool place in there stone built houses the buttery or Cellcr and skim it after stand ing 3 meals the sweet skimed milk is used in the family or sold to the neighbours at half price, the cream after being collected and soured a little in the vessel it is churned into the best Butter in the world the Butter milk is preserved and ate as a dainty to bread or thick hasty pudding, made of Oat meal — " her, Dont they use Coffee and Tea common as whe do. No, Coffee they scarcely use att all, and Tea only used sparing by the elderly women, heads of familys. In my two apprentiships, the first of near 2 years I never tasted either in my Masters house (so to say) in the second of 3 years I never drank any but once; the good old man for a good man he was, and the name of Jonathan Wood shall be ever remembered with grati tude. He had been out with me to a Benevolent quaker to see if he would not advance some money to pay legacys on real Estate I was soon to come heir to ? We bad succeded and I was in high spirits : when whe got home, his good old Dame as he called her, were just sitting down with her sister to an Afternoons Tea drinking, now Jimy says he sit thee down with mee and our Women folks to a dish of Tea. I did sit down but I can never remember having being so ashamed be fore or since in all my life. " But bow did you live in, the morning the breakfast table was set out with Trenchers (wooden plates) by the side of each a small pint earthen mug with a spoon was placed the viands were a. large Panfull of sweet milk, then a plate of Pattee's of Butter home made, these were about the size of half a dollar a good deal thicker but did not weigh so much in number they were just equal to the nomber of the guests at table, which guests consisted of Mr. Wood a Journyman or two and four apprentices. A large earthen panful of Oatmeal haisty Pud ding was placed on the centre of the table and a few sheets of hard, thin oat cakes placed on the clean but naked table. All being ready at it we went with a hungry will dipping out with our spoons filling them partly in the pudding then dipping them in the milk pots, after this first cource of pudding we had recource to the milk pan with bread and butter to finish. I forget weather we spread the Butter with knives or our thumb ; this I know it always tasted best to me done by the latter method, indeed it is difficult to do it with a knife that if you i press the Butter hard the bread is so light and honeyoomb like that it will fly in many pieces. " Our dinner consisted of boild hang beef and dried flitch ! bacon and broth was made of the liquor the meat was boild in by adding a little oat meal, the broth was invariable ate first then we had either dumplins or a pudding boiled in a bag, then ', we finished off with the Animal food k vegitables. "Our evening meal was baked (flour) pudding, milk and bread adlibitum, we had always for lunction at 11 o'clow a small mess pot about a pint of good home brued Ale of Malt 1 and hops, strong and delitious, at dinner we had small bear ! made of the same meterials the women folks never sot down with us men at meals. "Sunday was strictly observed in these families on that glorious day of rest and recriation this mother in Irail and her husbands Mother would deck out in their best and march across the fields and lanes, bare leg and bare foot to meeting 2 miles with their stockings and shoes in their pockets or under their arms and when near the holy place under some sheltering tree would don them, and when the holy serviss was over would doff them again near by, there was nothing mean or stingy about this woman on the contrary she had a most liberal Soule, but shoes was an extra luxary and fine knit cotton stocking was a still Teater one, when the father came in he invited me to take 948 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. some old orchard with him or a glass of toddy both I declined as I never loved cider and new rum I detested both smell k taste of but begged a drink of her new come whey from her chees tub, she slyly regreted her husband bad such a desire for either Rum or old orchard, oh you know whe cannot do our hot ummer work espeshaly in hay time without it replied be. " But to return to my Everton place. I was looking over the coppys of old Deeds lately and I found one dated Jan. 28 1717 werein I found it recorded that Edmund Quince of Brantrey, In Suffolk Count}', Esqr. John White of Boston in the county aforesaid Gentn Standfast Foster, Thomas Tilestone, Sam1 Paule, Ebenezer Mawdesley, Ebenezer Jones, and Robert Royal, all of Dorchesster, had at the above time entered into partnership to buy & make a Dam at this place and containing two acres of land which they hereby bought of one Timothy Jones of said Dorchester for the sum of six Pounds, for the purpose setting up Iron works, and in due time a forge was put in Opperation the oar was collected in the visintity but most particularly from the pond called Massapogue. " For two years after commeced business the Herring came up the River in great numbers in the spring wending their way through many dificutys to massapogue pond men were appointed by the adjoining Towns to see the fish had free right of way several of these worthys visited me and demanded me to hoyst my flood gates and lay the bottom of the mill dam bare except ing the channel but says I the Fish have not began to run yet. is the season of their running. Oh says I Gentlmen it is a hard cace for me to stop my Factorey ; but says I, walk into the house and we will talk the matter over, when seated I brought out my old Cogniac, a bowl of loaf shugar and water, to which they helped themselves bountifully after wadeing in the river not inspeting the fish for they were not there, but the water. They went off in great good humor and said I must send them word when the fish began to run about a week after they did begin to run, but I did not see them, though others did, I did not look very minutely well down they came upon us (the in spectors I mean) dip net in hand, and there they went to work floundering in the river and took several dozens of the herring which after taking a chearer or two of my Brandy they carried home to their friends. " About a week after this the fish came up abundantly. My self and work people were idle and wanted a fishing frollick so I said to one of my men Slimsey we will have some herring to night, his laughing eye, took the hint, to shut down the flood gates, yes. It was a beautiful night in May (the fish came late up this river and did not do, much good to any one excepting idle familys that would rather fish than work they came so late, but I will tell my story about fishing over leaf. About 10 o'clock Slim k I wended to the dam head k down with the flood gates, this shut the water back into the dam. there was a planked apron way a gently inclined plane up which the fish used to rush with great difficulty, at the bottom of this apron was a pond hole some 20 or 30 feet wide were the fish used to linger before as- sending the rappid in this hole were bushels of fish the retiring water having left them without means of escape, there was a small Indian canoe lying on the beach near by we rushed into the bole, and went at it with a will throwing them out with our hands three or four at once, and when tired of this way we would kick them out with our feet while exersizing in this de lightful sport there came two young man along over the wooden Bridge near by with their Galls, sometimes Lovers walk out togather in the stilly night they were friends, the young men jumped down into the river and after a few more jumps came cothrsh, right into the fishery hole, were they began to labour with all their might and being fresh hands at the tiller the fish came out thicker and faster whilst the feemales on a mossy bank near by cheered us with their songs, duetts, and soloes, in this balmy and moonlight evening whilst we in the ditch with our hurrahs and shouts joined in the chorus, but game began to grow scarce k and we thought we had enough, as the canoe was well ny full the word was given let us out and liquor and take care of the spoils. I went into the house and got the fixings and a basket to carry the fish home, tho young men were or had been employees of mine and I think the young women too so they carried mine k Slimpsys share home about 2 Barrels leaving about as many more for those that came at the eleventh hour. " At that time there wear in Canton several Manufacturing establishments, Enoch Leonard's Forge, Gen1 Elijah Crane's Grist-Mill, Leonard k Kinsley's mill-saw, edge-tool, and Forge works, the renowned Copper works of Col1. Paul Revere, the first established in this country of the kind, besides several grist-mills at the different works ; these with my establishment of the manu- factoring of Cotton yarn and cloth were a great benifit to the publick and employing many hands, this made the mill-owners wish for the stopping of the Herrings, rather then the stopping of the above valuable manufactoring concerns. The owners, herefore, a few years after in conjunction with other mill- owners below, in Dorchester and Millton, petitioned the General Court to stop the herring from runing in the Neponcett river, which was granted, and publick opinion fully agreed with the law. "Canton from that time to the present or to 1820, at least, might be termed with truth, the first in time and the first in quantity and quality of any in the State of its manufactored articles. "I will here innumerate the different kinds of goods & articles made and. manufactored in Canton within the first 15 years of the present century. " Forge work, Enoch Leonard's crow-bars and shapes for blacksmith's work, Leonard k Kinsley's made mill-saws, crow bars, and various kinds of axes and other heavy edge-tool work, anchor, flukes, ka., blister steel, and various kinds of iron cast ings in demand at that time. " At the Revere works were made copper sheathing, bolts, and spikes, and afterwards a furnice was erected for casting brass and refining copper. Here at (the Revero works) were cast large brass guns and bells for churches, and those bells were, perhaps, the first founded in the Union. "The Cotton mill of which I had the control, produced yarns, bedticks, sheeting, shirting, checks, plads, and ginghams. I likewise made cotton pelisse wadding, for which I had large orders from New York, Boston, kc. This article was not made by any other person in this country at that time. About 1802-3 it was made by running the carded batts through rolers wet with size. I afterwards got a patent for my invention. I have not made any wading for more than 30 years, but the ad- vertizements in the milliner's shop windows still say or did 3 or 4 years ago : ' Beaumont's poliss wadding sold here.' " Miss Ann Bent, who kept a lady's fancy goods store in what is now called Washington Street, in Boston, was my best cus tomer. This lady was the first I showed it to; she highly praised it, and recommended it to her customers as the best for the purpose of any other. Before this the wadding had been imported, the cotton kind from England, and the silk kind from France. " About this time (1807-8) I desolved partnership with Rich ard Wheatley, with whome I had been connected in bussiness several years, whe devided the real estate, and I built a small factory on the north side of the river on my own account, set up wool carding and spinning machines. When the Merino sheep began to be imported in great numbers (thanks to the CANTON. 949 great and good Napolian Bonapart, who scattered both the lazy Spaniards and there flocks, many of the latter found their way into this country. " I then began to make all wool cloth yorkshire plains carcys- and Sattinetts. for the last article I got great credit making my own cotton warps of sea Island Cotton and employing English workmen who beat them up well in the hand loom so that when afterwards finished you could not scarcely tell the back side from the face. I sold the finest of them for $3.50 ^ yard both before and during the 1812 war. I charged 25 Cents ^ pound for carding (full blood merino and 17 Cents half blood) into roles " I will here mention some of my customers for whom I Man ufactored the fine wool wholy or in part. Governer RobbiDS of Milton into cloth Cap' Nat1 Tucker, of Milton into cloth. Ben jamin Bussoy of Boston, Esq partialy into Cloth. — Amary Esq' of Roxbury into yarn and slubbing all these Gentlemen owned small flocks of the merinoes. Esqr Amarey I think of Milton I made some cloth for I likewise continued the manufactory of my wick yarn and Wadding " Towards the begining of the 1812 war, and during the same there were large quantys of Muskets and Rifles were made sev eral thousand stand for the United states and with high credit to the makers by Messra Leonard k Kinsley, honorable Thomas French, and others "Mr Enoch Leonard & his sons in partnership with William Dunbar Esqr made some very good horsmans Sords, k Sailors Cutlashes for Sam. There were two brothers. Bazins in Canton at the above time very ingenious and Inventive, who made stocking weaving Machines, likewise Machien for twisting the strands and laying cords k ropes — they likewise were the in- venters of them sweet Musickal Instruments, the Aeolian reeds either the small tubelike ones, held the hand and blown into with the mouth as well as the larger Instruments were the bel lows is applied "After I desolved partnership with Mr. Wheatly he ingaged a man to conduct his istablishment named David Wild he un derstood his business well a year or two later. Mr. Wild as sisted in building a Cotton Factory, k Machinery in partner ship with Gen1 Elijah Crane who owned a millprivilage in Canton this was the third of the kind in the town "There was a young man, ahouse carpenter a very ingenious and industrious man, at the time Mr Wheatly k I began to build machinery whe hired him in his line of business as well to make the wood part of the Machines) Azel Ames by name he worked for us when in company, and afterwards for myself about in all 4 or 5 years, he had saved conciderable money, he had a younger brother work as an apprentice with him, we always boarded them and as they lost no time of conciquence he had a handsome sum to carry with him to Bridgewater his native town — soon after he went to marshfield, with his brother and built and established a Cotton Factory and they made it go well, this was the greatest effort. I ever knew, for a Mechan- ick in wood work only to bravely build turning Layths for wood k Iron Tools for fluting and fitting Iron k brass — also makeing Pattrens for Castings of Iron these mettles — and after wards turning fileing k fitting them togather "This Factory of Mr. Ames's was in full opperation years before the Waltham concern was thought of "Even the stone mason, who worked for Mr. Wheatly and us contrived to set agoing a Cotton Factory in Sharon the ad joining Town to Canton, that is with much assistance this was the third or fourth swarm so to say that had left our hive in Canton " Thus I have given you in a straightforward way my ex periences and knowledge of Cotton Manufactoring previous to the time of the Waltham Factory in 1813." The Kinsley Iron and Machine Company. — These works were established by Leonard & Kinsley in 1787, and have been in constant operation since that time ; the manufacture of steel by the German process was then commenced and continued until 1830 or later. From 1790 to 1797 from one hundred and fifty to two hundred tons of mill-saws were made an nually. In those early days the works were very small. Early in the present century the manufacture of fire arms was introduced, and a considerable quantity of muskets was furnished the government for the war of 1812. The steel produced at this time and for many years after was used for making sleigh-shoes, horse shoe calks, plowshares, etc. About 1821 the firm of Leonard & Kinsley dissolved, and the business was continued by Mr. Adam Kinsley. In 1833-35 a foundry building was constructed for the manufacture of castings. A few years later (on the death of Mr. Kinsley in 1837) the business passed into the hands of two of his sons, Lyman and Alfred. Soon after, Lyman bought out Alfred Kinsley's interest in the business and conducted it himself until 1855. About 1838 the forge was burned, and a new one built. Under Mr. Kinsley's management the manufacture of car-axles and car-wheels was added to the now growing industry ; in 1845 the work was prosecuted day and night, and forty car-wheels were made daily ; in 1846 eighteen hundred car- wheels were furnished to one Western road alone. The manufacture of wagon-axles — one of the branches of the business from its commencement — was largely increased. A rolling-mill was erected, in 1852-53, for the purpose of rolling car-axles and a beam-engine of one hundred and ninety-horse power, and an eighteen-inch train of rolls put in. In 1853 the idea of rolling car-axles was abandoned, and the manufacture of iron com menced. In 1854 the Kinsley Iron and Machine Company was chartered and in 1855 was organized; the capital stock is two hundred thousand dollars. Mr. Lyman Kinsley was elected president and held that position until about 1859, when he retired from the business. Hon. Oliver Ames, of North Easton, was chosen as his successor, and held the position until his death, when he was succeeded by his son, Frederick L. Ames, the present president. Edward L. Eager, Esq., was chosen treasurer upon the organ ization of the company, and has remained in that capacity to the present time. The present agent is Mr. Frank M. Ames. Since the organization of the company the works have been in constant operation. In 1854 the axle- shop was destroyed by fire ; a new building was erected in 1859. In 1861 the present foundry building was 950 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. built and the old foundry torn down. On the 14th of January, 1875, the rolling-mill and forge were burned ; preparations for a new mill were commenced, however, before the fire of the old mill had died out, and on the 24th of May following operations were resumed in a new mill much larger and more convenient than the old, but on the same site. The company employ about two hundred and twenty- five men. The buildings cover about one and a half acres of ground, the mill alone covering nearly one and one-quarter acres. They manufacture merchant bar-iron, car and loco motive forgings, castings, machinery, finished wagon- axles, bridge-bolts, and heavy hardware. The Revere Copper Company. — Paul Revere & Son commenced the copper-works in Canton, Jan. 3, 1801. Previous to that time they had carried on a bell and cannon foundry on Hull Street, in Boston, which was removed later to Canton, where they con tinued to cast bells and brass cannon of all sizes and all kinds of composition work ; manufactured sheets, bolts, spikes, nails, etc., from malleable copper and cold-rolled. Paul Revere died in 1818, and the busi ness was carried on by his surviving son, Joseph Warren Revere, until 1828, when the Revere Copper Company was incorporated by Joseph W. Revere, James Davis, Fred. W. Lincoln, and James Davis, Jr. Since the death of the original founder the busi ness has been continued under the management of John Revere, president, S. T. Snow, treasurer, with increasing facilities, and their manufacture includes all grades from the raw material to the finest-graded articles of rolled copper. Neponset Cotton Manufacturing Company. — In 1824 the present stone mill, generally known as the Neponset Factory, was begun, and finished in 1825, and was put in operation as a woolen-factory by Hol brook, Dexter & Hill. They manufactured satinets and kerseymere cloths. In 1828 the company failed, and the mill property and machinery was silent for nearly two years. It had cost four hundred thousand dol lars, and was sold to a new company for one hundred and forty thousand dollars, the Neponset Manufac turing Company, which carried on the manufacture till 1838, when they abandoned the business, and the property, fixtures, and machinery was purchased by Mr. J. W. Revere for fifty thousand dollars. In 1844, Robeson, of New Bedford, leased the property for ten years, and at the expiration of the term re newed the lease for ten years, and again for ten years, abandoning the business in 1879. In 1883 the property was purchased for thirty-five thousand dollais by James L. Little, and the build ings are undergoing thorough repairs preparatory to occupation as a cotton-factory. Eureka Silk Manufacturing Company. — The silk business in Canton was started in 1839, by V. J. Messinger ; but some months later he removed to Needham, where he remained five years, making sew ings, gimps, and fringes. In 1844, Mr. Messinger returned to Canton, and in partnership with his brother, V. A. Messinger, established the business there as Messinger & Brother. They continued the manufacture of sewings and machine twist success fully and uninterruptedly till 1863, when it was transferred to Charles Foster and J. W. C. Seavey, the latter of whom had been with Messinger & Brother since 1853. The firm-name was J. W. C. Seavey & Co. In 1869 the firm became Seavey, Foster & Bowman, who continued the business till 1881, when the proprietors formed a joint-stock com pany for the manufacture of all kinds of twisted silk, under the name and firm of the Eureka Silk Manu facturing Company. They have increased their busi ness from year to year, until they have become one of the most successful and extensive manufacturers in this country. Their favorite brands, the " Lion" and " Eureka," have a high reputation. The firm have contributed largely to the movement of putting up strictly pure dye goods, and have also manufactured and introduced measuring and strength-testing ma chines, to enable buyers to inform themselves of the actual quality of the goods they are buying. To the enterprise of this firm consumers are indebted for many improvements in the style and quality of twist silks. G. H. Mansfield & Co. — The privileges now occu pied by this establishment were first utilized in 1821 by Simeon Presbrey, in the manufacture of cotton thread. He subsequently enlarged the original mill, and added the manufacture of twines. He carried on the business until 1845, when he sold it to Thomas B. Vose, who continued it until 1849, when it passed into the hands of William Mansfield. Mr. Mansfield carried on the manufacture as sole proprietor until July 1, 1858, when it was purchased by his two sons, George H. and Preston R, who have continued it to the present time. In 1865, W. B. White and G. H. Mansfield formed a copartnership, under the name of White & Mansfield, and commenced the manufacture of shoe-lace, and, in the spring of 1866, inaugurated the manufacture of braided fishing-lines. The firm of White & Mansfield was dissolved in 1866 by the retirement of Mr. White, and the busi ness has since been continued by G. H. Mansfield & Co. They manufacture braided silk and linen lines mm CANTON. 951 and it is a notable fact that this firm was the pioneer in the manufacture of braided lines in the United States. The Narragansett Suspender and Web Com pany. — The building on the west side of the Canton Junction Station of the Boston and Providence Rail road, occupied by the Narragansett Suspender and Web Company, J. R. Wattles, proprietor, and by L. W. Wattles & Co., manufacturers of spinning and twister rings, with the entire contents, was totally destroyed by fire May 10, 1884. Mr. J. W. Wattles was the sole proprietor of both concerns, and of the buildings and land. The factory building was erected in 1865, and had been from time to time enlarged and improved and added to. The business of making spinning rings for cotton- mills was established in 1843 by Mr. Luther R. Wat tles, and had been carried on in Canton for the past twenty-five years by Mr. J. W. Wattles under the name of L. R. Wattles & Co. The Narragansett Company manufactured suspenders and all kinds of elastic web goods, and had a wide reputation. Arthur J. Wattles, son of J. W. Wattles, was superintend ent of both companies, and another son, Joseph W. Wattles, Jr., was book-keeper and cashier of both concerns. Paper-Box Manufactory.— In 1837, Nathaniel Dunbar commenced the manufacture of piano-forte keys, on the site now occupied by the box-factory, and continued it until 1857. In the fall of that year, in company with Charles F. Hard, he com menced the manufacture of paper boxes. That co partnership continued until the fall of 1868, when the establishment was purchased by Mr. Dunbar, and continued by him as sole proprietor until his death, which occurred July 11, 1883. The business is still carried on under the name of Nathaniel Dunbar, by his oldest son, Francis D. Dunbar. Thomas Lonergan commenced the manufacture of spinning- and twister-rings in 1878. In 1881 his factory was destroyed by fire, and immediately rebuilt. He has continued the manufacture to the present time. For history of establishments of Messrs. Shepard, French, Draper, and Morse, see their respective biog raphies in the following pages. Memorial Hall.— At the annual meeting in April, 1878, the town appointed a committee, con sisting of William Horton from School District No. 1, Eiisha Horton of No. 2, Frank M. Ames of No. 3, Ellis Tucker of No. 4, George E. Downes of No. 5, Thomas Lonergan of No. 6, and James S. Shepard of No. 7, to procure plans and select proper locations for a new town hall, and directed the committee to make their report on the 17th day of June, 1878. After considerable discussion as to the merits of the several locations proposed, it was voted to build at the corner of Washington and Depot Streets. A committee, consisting of Frank M. Ames, James S. Shepard, Eiisha Horton, Joseph W. Wattles, and Edward R. Eager, was selected, and instructed to take a deed of the land donated by Elijah A. Morse, and erect a building thereon, to be called " Memorial Hall," from some one of the plans before the meeting. The design for the building was prepared by Stephen C. Earle, of Boston. The architecture is what may perhaps be called Modern Gothic. The underpinning and steps are of Concord granite. The walls are of brick, decorated with Longmeadow freestone and black brick. The brick are laid in black mortar. The inside finish throughout the building is of ash. The floors are of Southern pine. The main building is one hundred and one by sixty-two feet on the foundation. The main front has a projection of seven feet, thirty-one feet in width, which rises five feet above the walls of the main building. On each side, at the front, are projections of eighteen inches. The building covers about six thousand five hundred square feet ; its extreme height is eighty feet above the grade line. The basement is eleven feet six inches high, first story twelve feet, and second story twenty- six feet in the clear. The building is entered by a flight of six steps of fine hammered Concord granite, twenty feet long, ten and one-half feet wide, which are partly covered by a porch. The marble-tiled vestibule is entered by two sets of double-folding black walnut doors, opposite which are similar doors of ash with glass panels. On the right is the ticket-office; on the left, a door to the basement stairs. The stairway hall is twenty-two by twenty-eight feet. On either side are flights of stairs six feet wide. On the right is a lobby, doors from which enter the room of town clerk and treasurer (which is fourteen feet nine inches by sixteen feet), and also that of the selectmen (which is eighteen feet six inches by twenty-four feet). Connected with these rooms are a fire-proof vault, for town records, and two large closets. On the left is the librarian's room, which is twenty feet nine inches by sixteen feet. In the centre and oppo site the principal entrances is a wide, double-folding door to the corridor. On either side of this door are placed the beautiful memorial tablets, a gift of Elijah A. Morse. The corridor is eight by forty-four feet. 952 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. On the right or south side are doors to the selectmen's room, also to the school committee room, which is six teen feet three inches by twenty-four feet, and a side corridor sixteen feet long leading to the side entrance. On the left or north side is the library, twenty-four by forty-four feet. At the east end is the small, or caucus hall, which is thirty feet six inches by forty- eight feet six inches, and will seat about two hundred persons. The side entrance is eight by sixteen feet, and is entered from steps twelve feet in length, and similar to those on the front of the building. Doors from the side entrance enter the school committee- room, corridor, small hall, and the private stairway hall which leads to the hall and stage above. From this stairway are doors to the basement stairs and town officers' toilet. The landing at the front stairs is thirteen feet six inches by twenty-eight feet ; opposite the stairs are two double-folding doors to the audience-hall and ladies' private room. On the left are stairs to the gallery and a door to the lobby, which is fourteen feet nine inches by sixteen feet. The audience-hall is fifty-eight by sixty-seven feet, and twenty-six feet high. At the east end is a stage eighteen feet six inches deep, with opening thirty- two feet wide. On either side are anterooms about fourteen feet square. The doors between the stage and anterooms are ar ranged to slide up, and give a stage nearly the width of the building. At the opposite end is a gallery nineteen by sixty feet. The gallery is provided with seats for two hundred and twenty-four persons. The floor is furnished with one hundred and fourteen settees, each seating five persons. The ordinary seating capacity of the hall is nine hundred and forty-four persons, although one thousand and fifty people can be comfortably seated. The Memorial Tablets.— The left-hand tablet bears the names of those who were killed in battle, with the date and place where they were killed, viz. : Walter S. Glover, at Gaines' Mill, June 27th, 1862. John MeGinley, at Bull Run, August 29th, 1862. Edward H. R. Revere, George AV. Kehr, at Antietam, Sep tember 17th, 1862. James Donahoe, Andrew L. Hill, at Fredericksburg, Dec'r ll-13th, 1862. Charles E. Bootman, Stephen H. Smith, at Port Hudson, June 14th, 1863. Robert Blackburn, Jr., John Denningham, John O'Brien, in the Wilderness, May 5th-6th, 1864. The tablets at the right have the names of those who died in the service from disease or wounds, viz. : George W. Bailey, at Gaines' Mill. William Spillane, at Harrison's Landing. George C. Corbett, at Craney Island. Charles F. Adams, at Frederick City. Walter Davenport, at Fredericksburg. John M. Pooler, at White Oak Church. Charles 0. Fuller, William B. Foster, John Geddis, Jerome B. Snow, Asahel White, at New Orleans. William E. Brewster, John W. Ayer, Owen Shonsey, at Brasbear City. Thomas Curran, at Canton. Charles C. Knaggs, Long B. Crowther, Joseph Jenkins, at Baton Rouge. Charles D. Slattery, at City Point. Over the door to the corridor is the inscription : " Erected to commemorate the patriotism of the soldiers of Canton, who fell in defence of the Union in the War of the Rebellion." A transom running the whole width of the group has the dates 1861— 65 repeated over each tablet bearing the soldiers' names, and the central part has the motto, " It is sweet and honorable to die for one's country." The materials used in the construction are, for the plinths at the bottom, dark Tennessee marble. For the body of the work, a cream-colored marble deli cately mottled, from the Echaillon quarries at Gren oble, France, finished with a slight polish, except where it is carved. The shafts of the four columns supporting canopies over the side tablets are of red Lisbon marble highly polished. The tablets, bearing the names, are of light-veined Italian marble. The carving consists of the arms of the Union, in a medallion on the canopy over the left tablet, flanked by branches of the oak and palm. The medallion over the other tablet bears the arms of the State between branches of the laurel and olive. The same foliage is also used on the capitals of the four col umns. The bases of the columns are enriched with appropriate foliage, and the panels below on each side have three large rosettes. The initials of the names and some words of the general inscription are painted red and the other letters a dark chocolate. John Evans, of Boston, executed the work from designs furnished by Mr. Earle, the architect of the building. The gift to the town of a strip of land some twelve feet in width from the Hon. Charles Endicott, also the exchange of land with James Ryan, caused the shape of the town lot to be very much improved. The appropriation for grading the lot, erecting and furnishing the building, amounted to thirty-one thou sand dollars. The total cost, including dedicatory expenses, was thirty thousand nine hundred and sixty-one dollars and twelve cents, leaving an unex pended balance of thirty-eight dollars and eighty- eight cents. The hall was dedicated on the evening of Oct. 30, 1879, amid a large concourse of people, among whom CANTON. 953 were his Excellency Governor Thomas Talbot ; Hon. Henry B. Peirce, Secretary of State; Hon. Charles Adams, formerly treasurer-; Hon. Seth Turner, of Randolph ; Rufus C. Wood, sheriff of Norfolk County ; the selectmen of Canton, viz. : William W. Brooks, William Horton, and William 0. Chapman, Esqs. ; Hon. Charles H. French, Edwin Wentworth, William Mansfield, Ezra S. Brewster, and Ellis Tucker, who have served as selectmen ; Francis W. Deane, the venerable town treasurer; J. Mason Everett, chair man, Arthur C. Kollock, Jesse Fenno, John Everett, and Thomas Lonergan, of the school committee ; Rev. Father John Flatley and Rev. Willam H. Savary ; Ellis Ames, Esq., and other gentlemen of Canton and of the neighboring towns. From its earliest history down to the year 1837 the town had no house of its own. For a long series of years its public meetings were held in the meeting house belonging to the First Parish ; afterwards in the Baptist meeting-house at Canton Centre. Upon the erection of a new house by that denomination at South Canton, the old house at the Centre was purchased by the town for the modest sum of six hundred and fifty dollars, and in that small building for half a cen tury the business of the town has been transacted. All important public events that relate to the local affairs of a town, of course, form a part of its civil history ; so that when one of these events is brought vividly before the mind, other events appear also, one after another, as they are bound together by the natural laws of association. Canton was incorporated as a town Feb. 23, 1797, and the act was approved by Samuel Adams, the great leader of the Revolution, as Governor of the commonwealth. At that date its population must have been about 1000; in 1800 it was 1110; in 1810, 1353; in 1820, 1268; in 1830, 1515; in 1840, 1995; in 1850, 2598; in 1860, 3242; in 1870, 3879; and in 1875, 4192; a gratifying in crease in each of its decennial periods with a single exception. In 1795, the whole number of legal voters in the first precinct was 140 ; in 1875, the number had increased to 733. The valuation has increased even more rapidly than the population, amounting in 1884 to $3,242,254, by the assessors' valuation, which is exclusive of corporate stocks taxed by the State. The town from its incorporation has been generally most fortunate in the ability, character, and fidelity of its officers. At the first meeting of this town under the act of incorporation, Elijah Dunbar, a man who appears to have served the town in almost every capacity for many years, was chosen moderator; Elijah Crane, town clerk, Joseph Bemis, treasurer; and Elijah Crane, deacon ; Benjamin Tucker and Col. Nathan Crane, selectmen and assessors. The dedicatory address was delivered by Hon. Charles Endicott, and remarks were also made by William W. Brooks, Hon. S. B. Noyes, Governor Tal bot, Elijah A. Morse, Hon. Henry B. Peirce, Sec retary of State, Hon. Charles Adams, ex-treasurer of the commonwealth, Hon. Winslow Battles, of Randolph, Rev. Dr. Angier, of Holbrook, Sanford W. Billings, of Sharon, Rev. Edwin Thompson, of East Walpole, Horace E. Ware, of Milton, Rev. Father Flatley, Rev. William Savary, Rev. Nelson B. Jones, Jr., Rev. Mr. Davis, Ellis Ames, Esq., Thomas E. Grover, Esq., and Timothy Kaley, Esq., of Milford, N. H. The Canton Institution for Savings was chartered March 4, 1835, with the following officers: Thomas French, president ; Friend Crane and Jonathan Stone, vice-presidents ; Trustees, Adam Kinsley, Elijah Spare, Joseph Downes, Samuel Davis, Simeon Pres- brey, P. M. Crane, Thomas Dunbar, William Mc Kendry, Jedediah Tucker ; James Dunbar, secretary and treasurer; Jonathan Messinger, F. W. Lincoln, Leonard Everett, Eiisha White, committee of invest ment. Thomas French, president upon organization ; Thomas Dunbar, president, April 4, 1843 ; Frederic W. Lincoln, president, April 7, 1846 ; Charles H. French, April 7, 1852, present president. James Dunbar, secretary and treasurer upon organization ; Francis W. Deane, secretary and treasurer, April 7, 1852 ; Nathaniel W. Dunbar, secretary and treasurer, March 26, 1883, present incumbent. The present trustees are Charles H. French, Charles Endicott, James S. Shepard, Ellis Ames, Virgil J. Messinger, George E. Downes, J. Mason Everett, Edward R. Eager, William O. Chapman, Frank G. Webster, Francis D. Dunbar, George H. Mansfield, Samuel H. Capen, Henry F. Baswell. Present committee of investment : Charles Endicott, James S. Shepard, George E. Downes, William O. Chapman, Nathaniel W. Dunbar, treasurer. The first deposit was made May 2, 1835. Amount of deposits, present time, $449,964.40. The Neponset Bank was chartered March 31, 1836, with the following directors: F. W. Lincoln, Leonard Hodges, Leonard Everett, George H. Mann, George Downes, Jonathan Messinger, Simeon Pres- brey, Jonathan Robinson, Lyman Kinsley, Zachariah Tucker, Thomas Tolman ; President, Frederic W. Lincoln ; Cashier, James Dunbar. Oct. 6, 1845, James Dunbar, president ; Francis W. Deane, cashier. 954 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. Oct. 5, 1851, Charles H. French, president; Francis W. Deane, cashier, until the organization under the National Banking Law. The Neponset National Bank was organized March 1, 1865, with Charles H. French, president, who has continued to the present time. Francis W. Deane was the first cashier. May 24, 1880, Nathan iel W. Dunbar was chosen cashier, and is the present incumbent. The present directors are Charles H. French, Horace A. Lothrop, George E. Downes, Charles Endicott, James S. Shepard, William 0. Chapman, William L. Hodges. Capital, $250,000, Surplus and undivided profits, $83,350.78. Military Record, — Canton furnished three hun dred and fifty men for the war, which was a surplus of twenty-three over and above all demands. Nine were commissioned officers. The whole amount of money appropriated and expended by the town for war purposes, exclusive of State aid, was thirty thou sand four hundred and fifteen dollars and seventy-one cents. In addition to this, fifteen thousand dollars were raised by private subscription for the payment of bounties. The amount of money raised and expended during the war for State aid to soldiers' families, and repaid by the commonwealth, was as follows: in 1861, $564.59; in 1862, $2585.00; in 1863, $4671.16; in 1864, $3000.00; in 1865, $2200.00 ; total amount, $13,020.75. The amount of money and clothing furnished by the ladies of the town for the Christian and Sanitary Commissions was quite large. The population in 1860, 3242 ; in 1865, 3318. The valuation in 1860 was $2,015,398 ; in 1865, $2,211,313. The selectmen in 1861 and 1862 were James T. Sumner, Ellis Tucker, and John Hall ; in 1863, Wil liam Horton, Ellis Tucker, and Ezra S. Brewster ; 1864 and 1865, William Horton, Charles Endicott, and Ezra S. Brewster. The town clerk during the years 1861, 1862, 1863, aud 1864 was Andrew Lopez ; in 1865, Charles En dicott. The town treasurer during all these years was Francis W. Deane. 1861. The first meeting to consider matters relat ing to the war was held April 29th, at which it was voted to provide " all suitable and necessary aid to families of volunteers living in the town," and the sum of five thousand dollars was appropriated for that pur pose, " to be expended by a committee joined with selectmen." 1862. A town-meeting was held July 21st to see what measures the town would adopt to raise forty men required to fill its quota. It was voted to pay a bounty of one hundred dollars " to each volunteer duly mus tered." August 18th, voted, " that the town assume and pay an additional bounty of one hundred dollars to such volunteers as have enlisted since August 5th, to fill the quota of forty men, as voted at a public meeting of citizens and been subscribed and paid by the citizens upon the faith that the town would reimburse the same." August 27th, voted, " to pay a bounty of one hundred and fifty dollars to each volunteer enlisting to fill the quota of the town for men in the nine months' service," and a committee of citizens was chosen " to co-operate with the town treasurer in de vising ways and means to obtain the necessary amount of money." 1863. No meeting appears to have been held during the year in relation to the war. Recruiting, however, went on as usual, and the State aid continued to be paid to the families of the volunteers. 1864. April 5 th, voted, "to pay a bounty of one hundred and twenty-five dollars to each volunteer en listing to the credit of the town, under the recent call of the President for more men." July 5th, voted, " to pay the same amount of bounty to each volunteer under any call of the President, prior to March 1, 1863." Roll of Honor. — The following is a list of names of deceased soldiers enlisted from Canton : Charles F.Adams, 20th Regt.; buried in Canton; died at Frederick City. John W. Ayer, Co. A, 4th Regt. ; buried in Brashear City ; died June 5, 1863. Robert Blackburn, Jr., 20th Regt. ; killed in Wilderness 1864. William E. Brewster, Co. A, 4th Regt. ; buried in Canton ; died June 3, 1863. Ch. E. Bootman, Co. A, 4th Regt.; buried at Port Hudson; killed June 14, 1863. Thomas Curran, 42d Regt. ; buried in Canton ; died Aug. 19, 1863. L. B. Crowther, Co. A, 4th Regt. , buried at Baton Rouge; died Aug. 28, 1862. George Cobbett, Co. G, 29th Regt. ; buried in Stoughton 1862. Walter Davenport, unknown. James Donahue, 20th Regt. ; killed in battle. William Foster, Co. A, 4th Regt.; buried at Brashear City ; died April 21, 1863. Charles O. Fuller, Co. A, 4th Regt.; buried at Foxborough; died at New Orleans Jan. 28, 1863. Andrew L. Hill, Co. F, 18th Regt.; died in service February, 1863. * John Geddis, Co. A, 4th Regt.; died in service April 12, 1863. Walter S. Glover, Co. K, 22d Regt.; died in service July 1, 1862. J Joseph Jenkins, Co. A, 4th Regt.; died at Baton Rouge Aug. 29, 1863. 6 Charles C. Knaggs, Co. A, 4th Regt.; buried at Canton; died at Brashear City Aug. 22, 1863. George W. Kehr, Co. K, 20th Regt.; killed at battle of An- tietam. CANTON. 955 Henry U. Morse, Co. A, 4th Regt.; died at Canton and buried here. John McGinley, Co. G, 16th Regt. ; killed at second battle Bull Run. Timothy O'Flaherty, Co. A, 4th Regt.; died at Canton, out of service. John O'Brien, Co. F, 58th Regt. ; killed at Wilderness May 5, 1864. Anthony Pollard, 4th Cav. ; died in service Sept. 12, 1864 ; New York man. Franklin L. Ramsell, Co. G, 29th Regt.; died in hospital, Bal timore, Md. Edw. H. R. Revere, buried at Mt. Auburn. David F. Sherman, Co. A, 4th Regt. ; died out of service. Owen Shaughnessy, Co. A, 4th Regt.; buried in Canton; died June 6, 1863. Jerome B. Snow, Co. A, 4th Regt.; buried at New Orleans; died July 10, 1863. Charles D. Slattery, 14th Battery; died Jan. 13, 1865. Stephen H. Smith, Co. A, 4th Regt. ; killed at Port Hudson June 14, 1S63. William Spillane, 15th N. Y. Regt.; died at Harrison's Land ing July 14, 1862. William D. Tennant, 4th Cav.; died in service; New York man. Asahel White, Co. A, 4th Regt. ; died at New Orleans July 26, 1863. F. B. Howard, Co. A, 4th Regt.; died 1868 ; buried here. John M. Pooler, Thomas M. Mullins, and Edward Fox, buried here. Revere Encampment of the Grand Army of the Republic. — That name reaches back to the pre- revolutionary years of the republic, and for three generations has been associated with patriotism and military glory. Revere Encampment, Post 94, Grand Army of the Republic, was organized in 1869. Much interest was at once manifested in the work ; it grew from year to year, and at the present time is in a very prosperous condition. The Commander in 1883 was Alexander R. Holmes, M.D. The present officers are as follows : C, Jonathan Linfield ; S. V. O, John T. Pitman ; J. V. C, George B. Hunt; Adj., Horace D. Seavey; Q. M., L. E. Wentworth ; Surg., A. R. Holmes ; Chap., A. A. Harrington ; 0. D., R. L. Weston ; 0. G., James H. Crane ; S. M., J. F. Bisbee ; Q. M. 0., F. Z. Leonard. The following are the present members of the En campment : Bailey, Robert, 13th Pa. Cav. Barlow, L. E., 26th Me. Inf. Bisbee, Jos. F., 4th Mass. Inf. Billings, John D., 10th Mass. Battery. Bolles, Benj. S., 41st III. Inf. Bowditch, Asa W., 44th Mass. Infantry. Bryant, C. F., 33d Mass. Inf. Buckley, Timothy, 20th Mass. Infantry. Burleigh, E. P., 5th N. H. Inf. Byam, R. S., 16th Mass. Inf. Capen, H. S., 33d Mass. Inf. Carr, Patrick, 10th Mass. Inf. Carroll, D. W., 4th Mass. Inf. Christopher, J. K., 20th Me. Battery. Cram, Jas. H., 29th Mass. Inf. Davenport, S., 14th Mass. Batt. Davis, Jas. N., 33d Mass. Inf. Didot, Armand F., Navy. Emery, Wm., 1st Mass. Light Artillery. Eddy, S. D., 3d Mass. Inf. Estey, E. H., 29th Mass. Inf. Farrell, Wm., 15th Mass. Inf. Flood, Owen, 4th Mass. Inf. Freeman, H. A., 4th Mass. Inf. Godfrey, J. W., 33d Mass. Inf. Hall, J., capt. 4th Mass. Inf. Harwood, Elbridge G., 42d Mass. Infantry. Harwood, Harrison E., 42d Mass. Infantry. Harrington, Andrew A., 11th Mass. Infantry. Hewins, B. L., 2d Mass Inf. Hodson, H., 30th N. Y. Inf. Holmes, Alex. R., surgeon 3d Mass. Infantry and Navy. Holbrook, F. L., 33d Mass. Inf. Hixon, Edward R., sergt. Co. B, 33d Mass. Infantry. Hunt, Geo. B., 35th Mass Inf. Kinsley, Adam, 1st lieut. 10th Mo. Infantry. Lawrence, John, 1st N. J. Cav. Leonard, F. Z., 4th Mass. Inf. Linfield, Jona., 3d Mass. Inf. Lewis, George, 12th Mass. Inf. Lynch, John, 20th Mass. Inf. McCorkee, William, 57th Mass. Infantry. The following are names of soldiers whose graves were decorated May 30, 1883: McPherson, David, drummer 24th Mass. Infantry. Morse, Elijah A., corp. 4th Mass. Infantry. Morse, S. H., 4th Mass. Inf. Morse, Albert, 33d Mass. Inf. Parks, John, 4th Mass. Inf. Partridge, C, 24th Mass. Inf. Peach, Henry, 23d Mass. Inf. Perry, J. W., 33d Mass. Inf. Pettee, Albert, 19th Mass. Inf. Pitman, J. T., 1st Mass. Cav. Seavey, H. D., 4th Mass. Inf. ! Seavey, F. E., 9th Me. Inf. j Shepard, H. S., 31st Mass. Inf. Silloway, Jacob, Jr., 1st lieut. 6th N. Y. Infantry. Smith, S. L., 5th Mass. Inf. Tolman, Otis S., 4th Mass. Inf. Webster, F. G., 44th Mass. Inf. Wentworth, Larra E., 4th Mass. Infantry. Weston, Richmond L., gun boat " Pequot." White, N. S., 24th Mass. Inf. Witt, Hardin, 56th Mass. Inf. Wyeth, J. J., 44th Mass. Inf. C. F. Adams, 20th Mass. Inf. F. O. Bullock, 13th Wis. Inf. G. W. Bailey, 18th Mass. Inf. C. E. Bootman,1 4th Mass. Inf. W. E. Brewster, 4th Mass. Inf. R. Blackburn, Jr., 20th Mass. Infantry. J. A. Bullard,1 2d Eng., U. S. Navy. Jeremiah C. Breslyn, gunboat " Osceola." John O'Brien, 58th Mass. Inf. Martin Cary, 7th Me. Inf. Stephen Clary, 3d R. I. H. Art. D. W. Croude, 5th Mass. Cav. Thos. Curran, 42d Mass. Inf. W. Davenport,1 35th Mass. Inf. T. O'Flaherty, 4th Mass. Inf. Patrick Flood, 23d Mass. Inf. Edward Fox, 19th Mass. Inf. John Geddis,1 4th Mass. Inf. W. S. Glover,1 22d Mass. Inf. Wm. Heath, 22d Mass. Inf. A. L. Hill,1 ISth Mass. Inf. F. B. Howard, 4th Mass. Inf. Dennis Hanlon, U. S. Navy. John Howe, 4th Mass. and 11th U. S. Infantry. E. Horton, Jr.,1 4th Mass. Inf. Blue Hill Lodge, F. and A. M., is located here. Samuel H. Capen is present Master. 1 Buried elsewhere. Maj. C. D. Jordan, U. S. Army. Geo. W. Kehr, 20th Mass. Inf. C. C. Knaggs, 4th Mass. Inf. John McCready, U. S. Navy. J. McGinley,1 16th Mass. Inf. W. McKendry, 22d Mass. Inf. William McKendry, U. S. Rev. Marine. Geo. W. McGinty, 29th Maine Vet. Vols. Lieut. Henry U. Morse, 4th Mass. Inf. T. M. Mullen, 29th Mass. Inf. S. W. Meserve, 4th Mass. Inf. J. M. Pooler,1 1st Mass. Batt. J. H. Proctor, 1st Mass. Band Leader. J. Reardon, 1st Mass. H. Art. Edward Robbins, U. S. Navy. Owen Shaughnessey, 4th Mass. Infantry. D. F. Sherman, 4th Mass. Inf. S. H. Smith,1 4th Mass. Inf. Zebah Thayer, 18th Mass. and 2d H. Art. J. K. Webster, 5th Mass. Inf. W. G. White, 4Sth Mass. Inf. Asahel White, U. S. Navy. 956 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. REPRESENTATIVES FROM 1776 TO 1884. Benjamin Gill, 1776. Thomas Crane, 1776, '77, '78, '81. Elijah Dunbar, 17S0, '82, 'S7, '93. Christopher Wadsworth, 1780. John Kenney, 1783. Capt. James Endicott, 1784, '85, 'S6, '90. Capt. Frederick Pope, 1787, '88, '89, '91, '92, '96. Elijah Crane, 1795, '97. Joseph Bemis, 1800, '01, '02, '03, '04, '05, '06, '07, '11, '12, '13. Benjamin Tucker, 1808, '09, '10. Lemuel Whiting, 1811, '12, '13. Abel Wentworth, Sr., 1812. Friend Crane, 1814. John Bailey, 1815, '16, '17. Samuel Capen, 1819, '20, '29. Jonathan Leonard, 1823. Thornas French, 1824, '26, '27. Thomas Tolman, 1828, '36. Elijah Spare, 1830. James Endicott, 1832, '33. James Blackman, 1S34, '35. Michael Shailer, 1834, '35. Nathaniel French, 1837. Abel Wentworth, 1836, '37, '38. Isaac Horton, IS38, '39. John Gay, 1840, '41, '42. John Endicott, 1843, '44. Lyman Kinsley, 1849. Charles Endicott, 1S5I, '57, '58. Charles H. French, 1S53, '54. George Capen, 1855. Samuel Davenport, 1856. John S. Eldridge, 1859, '60. Oliver S. Chapman, 1863, '64. Joseph Leavitt, 1868. Frank M. Ames, 1869. James S. Shepard, 1871, Elijah A. Morse, 1876. Thomas Lonergan, 1877. Edward R. Eager, 1881. Frank M. Ames, 18S2. '72. Conclusion. — The religious history, the parochial history, the civil history, the military history, the business history, and the manufacturing history of the town of Canton have thus far been graphically, but, nevertheless, imperfectly sketched. From the time when the territory between Blue Hill, on the northeast, and Moose Hill, on the southwest, was a wilderness to the time when the forests leveled, the water-courses dammed and changed, the hills tun neled and the rivers crossed by railroads, the ponds " preserved," the one church of rude architecture, which stood on Packeen Plain " solitary and alone," or sparsely surrounded near and far by the wigwams of the Indians, whom the great apostle, John Eliot, gathered from time to time within its narrow walls, or on the grassy mounds, for religious instruction, with its surroundings, have all passed away, and its place occupied by stately edifices of wood and brick and of stone, for religious worship, prayer, and praise, for education of youth, for civil government and legis lation, and the barren fields are changed into fertile farms, and the silence of the wild and unpeopled valleys is broken by the sound of whirring wheels and ponderous hammers and rattling machinery, the hum of busy industrial life and labor, and all the sights and sounds of advanced civilization, the life of the swarming descendants of those who two centuries and a quarter since begun the settlement of the present township of Canton. In attempting any analysis of Canton folk it is necessary first of all to note three things about them, to wit : their origin, their history, and their locality. They derive themselves, at least the old families of the town, mainly from English stock, and had, like so many of their neighbors, the energy, industry, and intelligence which belong to that blood. They were originally, too, of the Puritan religion, and heirs of the social life and manners, mixed good and evil, with the good predominant, as most of us are used to think, and this fourfold formative force of stock and faith shows unmistakably to this present time. Other more modern influences have, of course, modified these influences, but the roots remain. The first settlers were mainly farmers, whose habits were determined by their occupation, and till a comparatively recent date Canton has been primarily an agricultural town ; and as soil in such cases de termines property, even to the size of houses, since only rich land gives the farmer crops adequate to generous houses, and as property is the material basis of advance in civilization, it may not be amiss to note that Canton soil, albeit in spots rugged and thin, has always been as good as that of its neighbors, and in some cases surpassing it, the historical Canton farmer has always had rather better than an average chance to improve his condition. Neither should it be forgotten that this primitive moral character has been modified and, to a degree, shaped by the factory-life which has for a long time existed here. Leaving out of the question all inquiry as to the economic value of a factory population in furnishing a home-market to the farmer, and it can not be denied that the mechanic's keenness and rapidity of mental measurement stimulates the general town social life wherein he is found, Canton has been for tunate in the character and ability of its leading me chanics and manufacturers, so that it is safe to say that its mechanical industries have gone to the formation of certain mental activity which is favorable to progress and thrift, as the present economic condition of its citizens shows. When we add to these considerations the fact that Canton folk have always lived in easy communication with a large city, in fact, more or less a suburb of Boston, and that some of the most respectable of city society have made their summer homes here, it is evi dent that one cannot speak of Canton merely as a country town, or as one would speak of a rural popu lation among the hills of New Hampshire or Maine. Canton folk have all the qualities of a people who, living in the country, have the city for a near neigh bor, and the rural character belonging always to a people so located everywhere shows itself. Canton folk, like some of their neighbors, have put on cos mopolitan characteristics and manners. Underneath J»if-%-A.H.FtitzKie CANTON. 961 Oliver S. Chapman, many years an honored resident of Canton, and well known to all railroad men, was also engaged on this work at this time. This work having been completed, a copartnership was formed between Mr. Carmichael and Mr. French. The first-named gentleman had been the head of the former firm, and had large experience as a contractor. They received overtures from the Canadian govern ment to undertake the widening of the Welland Canal. At the end of a year Mr. Carmichael took a contract at Brooklyn, N. Y., and the whole responsi bility of the canal contract devolved upon Mr. French. In this arduous undertaking he was engaged five years, but so well had he performed his duty, and so honest had he been in his dealings with the engineers having in charge the work, that the Canadian author ities invited him to visit Montreal, and he was in duced to spend another five years of his life in the same enterprise. At the end of this time his reputa tion as a skillful, accurate, and honest engineer, with a practical business knowledge, was fully established, and he returned to his native town. His townspeople would not, however, allow him to remain idle. They offered him the presidency of the Neponset Bank, which office he accepted, and the duties of which he has performed from 1851 to the present time, with honor to himself, with the approval and hearty commendation of the stockholders and the townspeople. Throughout his management, and owing mainly to the confidence reposed. in his judg ment, the stock of the bank has continually increased in value, and no investment has been more eagerly sought for than the stock of this corporation. In 1852 he was chosen president of the Savings- Bank, and has continued in that office until the time of this writing. In politics Mr. French was a Whig as long as that party had an existence. He was a member of the General Court in 1853, and appointed on the Com mittee on Railroads, the same year a member of the Constitutional Convention, and in 1854 he was again elected to the Legislature, and was placed upon the Committee on Banks and Banking. On both occa sions he was supported by his political opponents, showing that the man was of far more importance than the party. It is needless to write that Mr. .French appreciated this compliment, and it must have been a proud and happy moment for him when the result of these elections was announced, and he found that his friends had broken their allegiance to party to vote for one whom they loved and hon ored. In 1873 and 1874 he was elected to the Senate, 61 where he was placed upon the Committee on Banks and Banking, also on Street Railroads. Mr. French has had some experience in the militia : he was chosen colonel of the Fourth Massachusetts Regiment, and continued as its commander about five years. At the breaking out of the war Mr. French was active in every good work to assist in suppressing the Rebellion ; his heart and purse were always ready at the call of his country. He was one of the famous committee of " One Hundred" who were summoned by Governor Andrew to take measures to insure supplies to the Massachusetts troops who went to the front at the breaking out of the Rebellion. Since residing in Canton Mr. French has been con nected with the ancient parish ; he has been its main support, its chief pillar. For many years he has been its treasurer, and whether the coffers were full or empty the parson always received his pay promptly. Without him the organization would long since have been abandoned ; by his words of encouragement, by his counsel, and by his generosity the house of God has been kept open and the gospel preached. He was the largest contributor towards the erection of the parsonage and " The Parish Hall." In 1858, Mr. French purchased one of the ancient mill privileges in Stoughton, and took into partner ship Mr. Henry Ward, who had a practical knowledge of knitting machinery and the manufacture of fancy knit goods. Beginning in a small way, the business has gradually increased, and is now one of the largest in dustries in Stoughton, employing nearly three hundred persons. On Oct. 10, 1880, afire was discovered in the base ment of the main building, which, extending to those adjoining, soon destroyed the entire property, includ ing a new mill, eighty by thirty feet, three stories in height; all the machinery was destroyed. The total loss was one hundred and twenty-five thousand dollars, on which there was insurance amounting to fifty-five thousand dollars. Thus in a night was swept away the accumulation of years. Mr. French was now sixty-six years of age, and it was a gigantic under taking to again begin from the foundations, but with that courage and pluck which never fails him he made up his mind to go on, and immediately com menced to rebuild. To-day "the end crowns the work," a new building, better adapted to the purposes of the business, has taken the place of the conglomera tion of former days, the busy hum of wheels and the whir of machinery is again heard, and hundreds of busy men and women look to Mr. French for their daily bread, and thank God that he had the courage 962 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. and public spirit to place the business on its old basis. Soon after Mr. French returned to Canton he pur chased about forty-five acres of land, being a portion of the original grant to the Indians from Dorchester. In a delightful situation, a short distance from the old road which formerly ran between Massachusetts and Narragansett Bays, he erected in 1854 a substan tial stone house, where he now resides. He married, July 27, 1837, Almira, daughter of Deacon Leonard and Almira (Kimball) Everett, a Canton lady, whose father was a prominent and highly-respectable citizen of this town. Mr. French has not hoarded his honestly-acquired gains, his hand has been ever open to the calls of charity, and many are the families that have been either entirely or in part supported by his bounty. A cause that is just, a case of suffering, always receives assistance from him. Whenever a subscription paper is started for a worthy or charitable purpose, he is always asked to head the list. He has been active as a citizen, taken any part that was assigned him. In school matters, on the board of selectmen, as moderator of the town-meetings, he has done all he could for the interest and advance ment of the town. OLIVER SMITH CHAPMAN. Oliver Smith Chapman was without doubt de scended from Ralph Chapman, born in England in 1615, and who, at the age of twenty years, being then a resident of the parish of St. Saviors, South- wark, County Surrey, emigrated to America, as will appear upon consulting the list of passengers who passed from the port of London for the year ending at Christmas, 1635. Upon his arrival in this country he probably settled at Duxbury, although no mention is made of him until 1640. Ten years afterwards he became a resident of Marshfield, and lived there until the time of his death, which occurred in 1671. He had a daughter Mary, who married, in 1666, William Troop. This name, though variously spelled, occurs in the family of Oliver S. Chapman many times. His great-grandfather Throop, when he was a boy, he well remembered seeing. This ancestor, at the age of ninety-one, rode on horseback from Reedsborough, Vt., to Belchertown, in this State, to visit his rela tives. Throop Chapman had a number of children, among others William, who, in turn, had, among others, Daniel, the father of Oliver, who was born Dec. 23, 1782, and died at Canton, April 12, 1867. He married, May 25, 1809, Nancy Smith, who was born in Walpole, Mass., Jan. 9, 1790, and died March 9, 1838. Their eldest son, Oliver S., was born at Belchertown, in the county of Hampshire, Aug. 18, 1811. His early life was passed in his native town, where he learned from his father the trade of a wheelwright, and soon became a skillful mechanic, obtaining that practical information which enabled him in after- years to become so successful a man. Before he ar rived at his majority he had erected with his own- earnings a saw-mill. While the Boston and Providence Railroad was in process of construction Mr. Chapman paid his first visit to Canton, where he was engaged upon a piece of work near the viaduct, and occupied with his em ployes the very house of which he died possessed. It was about this time that his friend and cousin, William Smith Otis, married (June 22, 1835) Eliza beth, the daughter of Deacon Leonard Everett, of this town. Mr. Chapman was present at the cere mony. The happiness of their wedded life was of short duration, for on the 13th of November, 1839, at the early age of twenty-six years, Mr. Otis died at Westfield, having invented and perfected in these short years one of the marvelous mechanical inven tions of the age, — " The Otis Steam Excavator." Mr. Otis and Mr. Daniel Carmichael both had con tracted to do work on the Providence road. The latter gentleman induced Mr. Chapman to go with him to Worcester, and near that city he was for a time engaged in constructing what is now a portion of the Boston and Albany Railroad. Again a short time in Canton, and then Mr. Chapman went to a place near Greenwich, in Rhode Island, where he took a contract to construct portions of the Providence and Stonington Railroad. In 1836 he went to Philadelphia, where a ship canal was in process of construction ; upon this he labored. Subsequently he was at New Worcester for a short time. During the year 1837 he took contracts on the Eastern Railroad at Chelsea, Lynn, and Salem. It was on the 18th of September this year that he was married to Miss Olivia, the daughter of Reuben and Chloe Cook. His next employment was upon the Boston and Albany Railroad, in 1839. Here, in connection with Carmichael, Fairbanks & Otis, he was 'employed in excavating a most difficult passage through a solid rock, the sides of which, when com plete, were sixty feet on the one hand and eighty on the other. This work, now known as the Summit Cut, was completed in 1841. But his health at this time failed him, and he returned with his wife to his native town, and there remained for two or three years. It was during these years (Jan. 3, 1844) '¦V-bu AHFrt^' ¦Si? ?by AM Ritchie /Tr^ CANTON. 963 that his wife died. On the 23d of March, 1845, he ! was married, for the second time, to the widow of Mr. William S. Otis. The following year he placed a steam excavator on the Vermont Central, at Windsor, and was at work at Claremont, N. H., and Burlington, Vt. About this time he had an interest in the j lumber business in Saginaw County, Mich. The renewal of the patent on the excavator furnished Mr. Chapman for some time with occupation in building the machines and selling the right to use the same. In 1845 he came to Canton, and in 1858 pur chased the Marcus Clark estate, on what is now Chap man Street, making it his residence. Since that time he was more or less connected with railroads and with railroad men. In 1850, in company with his brother Wellington and Sidney Dillon, he was engaged in a contract on the Marietta and Cincinnati Railroad. He had contracts at Jacksonville, on the New Jersey Central, at Girard (1858), on the Lake Shore, and at Council Bluffs, on the Union Pacific. Of the latter corporation he was for some time a director, as also of the Canada Southern Railroad. He was at one time interested in a contract for filling the lands of the commonwealth on the " Back Bay," in the city of Boston, and possessed large tracts of land in the States of Michigan, Wisconsin, and Iowa. In 1863- 64 he was sent as representative to the State Legis lature from the Eleventh Norfolk District. In 1856, Mr. Chapman was chosen one of the directors of the Neponset National Bank of Canton. On Thursday morning, Feb. 8, 1877, Mr. Chap man, apparently in his usual health, took the morning train for Boston. Soon after reaching the city he went to the store of J. V. Kettell, for the purpose of having his watch, which had stopped the evening be fore, attended to. He removed it from the guard, and Mr. Kettell turned to the window to examine it. Mr. Chapman called his attention to some difficulty with the case, and immediately afterwards sank upon a chair and fell to the floor. In a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, life was extinct. The physician who was first summoned pronounced the cause of death to be ossification of the heart, but the coroner, Dr. 0. G. Cilley, said that it was apoplexy, caused by the extraordinary exertion of ascending the stairs. The funeral services took place at the Unitarian Church, in Canton, on Sunday, the 11th. The lesson of such a life as his should be deeply written on our hearts. Let us be thankful and proud in the consciousness that there is goodness and hon esty in the world, — goodness without ostentation, and honesty without cant. These were the distinguish ing characteristics of Mr. Chapman's life. Possessed of ample means, he made no display. He never sought official position, but when public honors were bestowed upon him, he bore them meekly, ever re membering that it was a trust he received from his constituents, and not an occasion to display himself. During the thirty years of his residence in Canton he was ever active in all measures pertaining to the im provement and embellishment of the town. He was more than a good citizen ; he was an active and ener getic public man, always ready to give more than his share of time and money to benefit his townspeople. He was ready to serve on any committee where the public welfare was concerned. If a school-house were to be built, there was no one so well qualified to superintend its erection as Mr. Chapman. Day by day he was at his post, directing, guiding, and taking a part himself if the work flagged. During the dark days of the war he sustained the government, and by his influence induced others to do so who were dis posed to be lukewarm. He was to be seen at all public meetings, and though it was seldom that he spoke, he was ever ready to contribute his time and his money to encourage those who were less sanguine than himself. No one watched the course of events during those gloomy years with more interest than he, and no one was more pleased and gratified at the final result. "His life was private; safely led, aloof From the loud world, which yet he understood, Largely and wisely, as no worldling could For he by privilege of his nature proof Against false glitter, from beneath the root Of privacy, as from a cave, surveyed With steadfast eye its flickering light and shade, And gently judged for evil and for good. But while he mixed not for his own behoof In public strife, his spirit glowed with zeal, Not shorn of action, for the public weal, For truth and justice as its warp and woof, For freedom as its signature and seal." WILLIAM MANSFIELD. William Mansfield, son of John and Sarah (Pritch ard) Mansfield, was born in Boston, Mass., Feb. 20 1803. His father, John Mansfield, was born in Hingham, Oct. 24, 1765. When a young man he went to Boston, where he resided until May, 1803, when he came to Canton. He was a builder and carpenter by trade. He married Sarah, daughter of Lieut. Samuel and Martha (Blowers) Pritchard. Lieut. Pritchard was an officer in the navy during the Revolutionary war, and was killed on the frigate •' Alliance" in an engagement. John Mansfield died 964 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. Sept. 29, 1835. Sarah, his wife, was born in Boston, Nov. 27, 1776, died 1855. They had twelve children, — Sally (deceased), mar ried Judah Hawes, of Stoughton ; Mary (deceased), married Abner Tilden, of Canton ; Nancy (deceased) ; John (deceased) ; Sampson (deceased) ; William ; Louisa (deceased), married Capt. Thomas W. Baker, of Dennis ; George (deceased) ; Emeline, married Alexander Beaumont, of Canton, now of Stoughton ; Caleb (deceased) ; John (deceased) ; and Edward, a resident of Dorchester. William Mansfi.eld acquired the rudiments of his education at common schools, supplemented by a short attendance at a private school. His early life, like most of the boys of his age at that period of our his tory, was passed on his father's farm. At the age of sixteen he commenced his apprenticeship at the car penter's trade with his father, remaining with him until he was about twenty-two years of age. Oct. 8, 1826, he married Phebe, daughter of Jonathan and Priscilla (Faunce) Tillson. She was born in Carver, Mass., Jan. 11, 1808. Their children were Winslow B. (deceased), Horace H., George H., Sarah J., Preston R., M. Adelaide (married Wisner Park), Frederic W., and Herbert T. (deceased). In 1826, Mr. Mansfield went into the Bolivar Manufacturing Company's machine-shop as general repairer, and con tinued with them until Jan. 1, 1829. His enterprise and mechanical skill, combined with great accuracy, enabled him to mount the ladder of success. He established himself as a builder of machinery and printing-presses, building for the Perkins Institution for the Blind, of Boston, many articles requiring fine workmanship. This brought him the acquaintance and friendship of S. P. Ruggles, the inventor, who was then its superintendent. Mr. Mansfield's fond ness for mechanism here found an active field. He made the large globe, four feet in diameter, now in use in that institution, also the first embossing-press used in this country, and did other work for the institution for several years. In connection there with he manufactured cotton and woolen machinery. His machine-shop stood where the lower silk-mill of Seavey, Folsom & Bowman is now located. In May, 1843, he removed to Hingham and engaged in the baking business, returned to Canton, November, 1846, where he formed a copartnership with Jedediah Morse, and built a shop on Walnut Street, surveying and laying out a water-privilege just above that of the silk-mill, heretofore mentioned, and engaged in the manufacture of printing-presses, under the firm- name of Morse & Mansfield. These printing-presses were the invention of the Mr. Ruggles spoken of above. The " Ruggles Press" found its way into every section of the country. This copartnership existed until 1849, when Mr. Mansfield purchased the prop erty known as the Presbrey thread-mill, and engaged in the manufacture of thread and twine until 1858, when he relinquished it, and was succeeded by his sons, George H. and Preston R. Since then Mr. Mansfield has devoted himself to his insurance busi ness, which has grown largely on his hands. This he began in 1831, as agent for the Norfolk and Dedham Companies of Dedham. About 1850 he was elected director in both companies, and has served as such to the present time. He was trustee and one of the committee of investment in Canton Savings Institu tion for twenty years, resigning that trust in 1881. He was United States assistant assessor of internal revenue for Second District about six years. He took the United States census of Canton in 1870. Since the formation of the Republican party Mr. Mansfield has been unfaltering in his allegiance to the principles it advocates. He has served his town' as assessor and selectman for seven years, and has held a commission as justice of the peace for nearly thirty years. Broad and liberal in his religious belief, he early identified himself with Universalism, and was one of the first to move in the formation of the Uni versalist Society in Canton, of which body he was one of the incorporators. In private life Mr. Mansfield is especially charac terized by modest, unassuming manners, strong social feeling, and warm friendship. Methodical and accu rate in business matters, he can always be depended upon ; upright and conscientious, his word is as good as his bond. Faithful in all relations, " above fear and beyond reproach," Mr. Mansfield has gained and holds a firm place among the best citizens of Canton. JAMES STRATTON SHEPARD. James Stratton Shepard, son of Joseph and Mary (Stratton) Shepard, was born in Foxborough, March 31, 1815. His father being in humble circumstances, he was obliged to commence labor early in life, and at ten years of age went into a cotton-mill, where he worked until he was fifteen. He was employed on a farm in Foxborough for two years, then going to Sharon, he commenced to learn the machinist's trade in 1832, but in about six to eight months he was put in charge of the carding-room in the mill of George H. Mann. There his diligence, energy, and general intelligence won for him the confidence of his employer, and he was promoted rapidly, until he had the entire charge of the mill. In February of 1839 -2V i~byABPdtc'rJ,e S£z$.& m%^ CANTON. 965 he went into partnership with his brother Joseph in the manufacture of straw goods in Foxborough. Not liking the business, and Mr. Mann being desirous of again securing his services, and receiving a sufficiently remunerative offer, he again assumed the superinten dence of the mill. Sept. 12, 1839, he married Mary, daughter of Clifford and Mary (McKendry) Belcher, of Canton. She was born Feb. 1, 1819. Their chil dren are four, — Sarah E. [married Ivers W. Adams, of Boston ; they have five children] ; Ellen A. ; Georgie [married Freeland D. Leslie, of Canton] ; and Willie S., now in the office of the American Net and Twine Company at Boston as salesman. Mr. and Mrs. Shepard commenced housekeeping in Sharon. In the fall of 1839, Mr. Mann's mill was burned, and Mr. Shepard began the manufacture of palm-leaf hats. After one year of this business, he took charge of a cotton-mill in Ashburnham for George Black burn & Co., of Boston, making satinet warps, and in January, 1841, he removed thither as superintendent and agent. Here he remained until the fall of 1844. Then coming to Canton, he purchased the cotton-mill of Vernon A. Messinger, where he manufactured wicking for a few years, and in 1851 purchased the thread-mill of Southworth & White, and fitted this up, making seine-twine. The first year ten thousand pounds were made, and in 1883, five hundred and fifty thousand pounds. In addition to this, in connec tion with Timothy Kaley, about 1853, he carried on the manufacturing of knitting-cotton and harness- twine for three years, when he sold his interest to Martin Wales. The American Net aud Twine Com pany were the largest buyers of the seine-twine for some fifteen to eighteen years. After the war (1864) he became a partner of that company, leasing his real estate to them, and engaged in the manufacture of fish nets and seines. In this particular branch of indus try and manufacture they were the first to engage in New England, and-the business has increased largely, their products being in use from Labrador to Alaska, and in Europe as well. In November, 1879, they formed a corporation, having previously built a large mill at Cambridge. William Stowe, Arlington, John W. Fairbanks, Cambridge, and James S. Shepard, of Canton, were among the principal stockholders. Mr. Shepard is the largest stockholder, and, with his family, holds the controlling interest in the company. He is still personally in charge of their interests in Canton. Salesrooms: Boston, No. 43 Commercial Street; New York, No. 199 Fulton Street. Mr. Shepard is a practical and thorough-going man. He has always given his personal attention to all the details of his business, and this has proved the prime element of his success. He is essentially a self-made man, and his life has been one of steady and active devotion to his varied and numerous business inter ests. He is a stockholder in various'corporations and director in Neponset National Bank. Politically he has been a Republican from the organization of that party, and in 1871-72 represented Canton in the State Legislature. In private life he is especially characterized by strong social feeling and warm friend ship for a large circle of friends. Of pleasing address, he is a genial companion, enlivening his conversation with shrewd practical remarks and quaint humor. He takes an interest in everything tending towards the building up of his town. Among the represen tative citizens of Canton who enjoy the confidence of the community we can safely place Mr. Shepard. ELIJAH A. MORSE. Elijah A. Morse, son of Rev. Abner Morse (a gentle man of learning and culture, well known as an author, and notably so of " Genealogy of Morse Family"), was born May 25, 1841. He traces his ancestry back through an ancient and honorable New England family, the first of whom having connection with American history being Samuel Morse, who settled at Dedham in 1634. The descendants of this sturdy pioneer have in every generation filled important posi tions, being distinguished in literature, art, science, and li&siness, and marked for their independence, originality, and energy. Mr. Morse acquired his education at common and private schools, among others the Boylston school of Boston, then under the charge of that celebrated instructor, Hon. Charles Kimball, of Lowell. His father, although able and learned, like many professional men, had little of this world's goods. Elijah's business life began in his school-days. When about fifteen years old, during his vacation, he began to make and sell from house to house a stove polish, prepared from a formula given him by the eminent chemist, Dr. Charles Jackson, of Boston, who was a strong and intimate friend of his father. His little stock was carried in a carpet-bag, and at this day it is strange to contemplate the first humble commencement of the now gigantic business. Elijah had no thought then of pursuing the manu facture as a permanent employment, although from the merits of the polish, and the excellent qualities he developed as a salesman and his success, he might well have done so. But after his school-days were over, in 1860, while a resident of Sharon, he did adopt its manufacture as a business. But on the breaking '966 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. out of the great civil war he enlisted in Company A, Fourth Regiment Massachusetts Volunteers, as a three months' soldier under Lincoln's call for seventy-five thousand men. This term of service was passed in Virginia. He afterwards enlisted in the same com pany for nine months, and served with his regiment in Louisiana, where it was engaged in several battles, notably " Camp Bisland," and the siege and capture of Port Hudson. His term of service ended, in 1864 he made his home in Canton, and hired " a small upper room," and engaged in the business which has now assumed such colossal proportions. This was soon too small, and the present location was secured. From 1864 until 1868 his brother, Albert F., was in company with him, but since then Mr. Morse has been sole proprietor, retaining, however, the firm-name " Morse Brothers." From 1868 to the present there has been a rapid and enormous increase in the pro duction and sale of his polish. Energy, perseverance, and an unusual amount of originality on the part of Mr. Morse has wrought the change. To properly place his goods on sale he traveled personally through twenty-two of the United States, acting as his own commercial traveler. To secure his proper legal rights he adopted the trade-mark " Rising Sun Stove Polish," and now every quarter of the globe knows and uses his polish, and it is as standard an article of household use as flour. The following from the Canton Journal gives the sales of a single day in 1881 : " Owing to the prospect of an immediate advance in Western freights, Morse Brothers have just received orders for an un usually large amount of their celebrated 'Rising Sun Stove Polish.' The sale of this day loaded four ears, and weighed 57,500 pounds, nearly 29 tons. It consisted of 1150 gross, and was contained in 2270 cases. There were 165,000 single pack ages, and, as they are four inches long, would reach (being placed in a line touching one another) nearly ten and one-half miles." The daily production now (September, 1883) is five tons. This is unequal to the demand, and Mr. Morse, in addition to his already extensive works, has now in process of building a brick factory two hun dred and twenty-five feet long and four stories high. This is the largest building for the purpose in the world. " His place, in almost every part, shows the character of his business, — the making of stove polish, and ' Rising Sun Stove Polish' is seen freely painted on numbers of his buildings. Even the great American flag, which is raised when the proprie tor is at home, bears the same or a similar legend. His grounds are laid out with care and a view to business, but they are not wanting in beauty. In front of his residence are two gilded statues and of life size, emblematic of Spring and Autumn, — Spring with flowers, and Autumn with a sickle and sheaf of wheat. Upon the point of the roof of his main build ing is a life-size figure of Justice holding the scales evenly poised. Every part of the place shows the spirit of the man who rules it. We have been told that at one time, when the depression made everything in business stagnant, he paid his help half wages, al though they had nothing to do in the shops, and this for several weeks." This speaks well for his benevo lence and justice. " He was one of the number who learned the location of the grave of Col. Gridley (the patriot who engineered the fortifications at Bunker Hill, and afterwards took part in the memorable battle), and induced the town to remove the remains to the cemetery, and had a handsome monument erected over them." As characteristic of the man, and speaking more than pages of description, we give the following from the Canton Journal: " All the manufacturers in Canton received a circular a few days since from a New York tobacco-house offering to donate to the men in their employ a sample of their goods. Mr. Morse's reply was as follows : ' Your cir cular received. We don't use tobacco. Consider it a vile, dangerous, poisonous narcotic. It will kill lice, fleas, and every creature on God's footstool but a to bacco-worm, and will poison, injure, and shorten the life of any man who uses it. It is the twin-sister and handmaid of strong drink, as it creates an unnatural thirst that water will not satisfy. In connection with rum, it is the cause of the awful disease known as delirium tremens. Can you wonder that we don't want to present it to the men in our employ ? We advise you to quit the business, and engage in some other that will tend to ennoble and elevate man, in stead of degrading and debasing him. Respectfully, Elijah A. Morse.' " He is a member and deacon of the Congregationalist Church, and his career has ever been guided by religious principle, and his assistance heartily accorded to enterprises of the church. Polit ically, Mr. Morse has taken advanced grounds. He has been an active prohibitionist, and is now an en thusiastic temperance Republican. He represented his town in the State Legislature of 1876. During the last five years Mr. Morse has lectured very exten sively in the New England States on temperance, in addition to conducting his business. In conclusion, Mr. Morse is a self-made man of the highest order. Early in life he learned that the way to success was by no royal road, but open and clear to stout hearts and willing hands. He has gained nothing by mere luck, but everything by perseverance and well- ¦m, ty^HUllchie ^Z^V^L^f ^ v- CANTON. 967 digested plans, and the intelligent application of his energies to the end in view. JAMES DRAPER. Among those who were foremost in introducing and establishing the woolen industry in Canton, the name of James Draper stands prominent. He was a man of great energy, untiring industry, and superior busi ness capacity. With a thorough knowledge of his trade, great practical sagacity, and an indomitable perseverance, he did much to promote the growth and prosperity of the town during the past thirty He was born in Melbourne, Derbyshire, England, Sept. 17, 1813. Being early thrown upon his own resources, his mechanical turn of mind led him to adopt the knitting trade as an occupation, and his ingenuity and skill were developed in the general lace manufacturing in terest, but especially in lace gloves, for which Mel bourne was famous. He came to Canton with his family in April, 1851. The sailing-vessel in which he arrived dropped anchor in Boston harbor on the morning following the mem orable storm which destroyed the ill-fated Minot's Ledge light-house. An elder brother, named Thomas, had preceded him to the States, who had purchased in Canton the old Dr. Stone estate, at the corner of Washington and Pleasant Streets, and at the time of the arrival of James was engaged in fit ting up a shop to receive knitting machinery. Here for several years he assisted Thomas in organizing and developing the woolen business. This was the pioneer introduction of the knitting industry into Canton. In the spring of 1856, after the death of his brother Thomas, we find James in business for him self, in the building at the Centre known as the Everett house. Here a great variety of fancy knitted goods were produced, and the business rapidly in creased. In 1 861 a partnership was formed with Mr. George Frederic Sumner, and the business continued under the name of Draper & Sumner. In February, 1865, the firm purchased the Morse machine-shops and water-privilege at South Canton. They made the necessary alterations to adapt the property to the requirements of their business ; built a dye-house, put in three sets of woolen-cards, with their complement of spinning machinery, and a full line of knitting-frames. Here a thriving business was transacted until June, 1870, when the buildings and contents were destroyed by fire. In April, 1869, the firm had bought the prop erty of the Canton Woolen-Mills, and at the time of the fire were running three factories, — the Everett Mill and the Canton Woolen-Mills at the Centre, and the Morse Mill at South Canton. It was deemed inexpedient to rebuild at South Canton, and the foundations were immediately started for a spinning-mill at the Centre, making a valuable addition to the Canton Woolen-Mills. The new mill was completed before winter, and was equipped with seven sets of woolen-cards, with a basement occupied by shuttle-looms and knitting-ma chinery. At the time of Mr. Draper's death, three years later, the firm was doing a large and prosperous ' business. Mr. Draper died May 23, 1873. His death was a public loss, and the sorrow manifested by the em ployes at his decease was the truest evidence of the warm place he held in their hearts. Any sketch of James Draper would be imperfect that gave no hint of the sturdy individuality of his nature, and the generous impulses, which knew no limit but his means. His heart was pure gold. It was alive with tenderness to the wants of the young, the aged, the poor, and the unfortunate. To lift another's burden seemed to lighten his own. His cardinal doctrine was, " Flee pleasure, and it will pursue you. Strive for the happiness of others, and your own will abound." The light of his life was to serve, cheer, encourage, and minister to the comfort of those who came within his sphere. The only value he put on money was its blessing power. His happiest moments were when he was giving. He was liberal to all appeals, but he most loved to dis pense benefactions with his own hand, and be his own judge of deserving merit. Whatever he achieved in life was due to his own efforts ; he was self-made in the full meaning of the word. In the England of his boyhood, education was not the fostered child it is to-day. But in almost every town could be found a morning and evening school, where, for a small sum, a determined spirit could acquire the rudiments of knowledge. The only education he had was obtained at these schools, by a brief hour snatched from the forelock of the day's labor, or added at its close, to satisfy the craving for intellectual advancement. In his business, and in everything he did, thor oughness was his motto. " Whatever was worth doing at all was worth doing well." The maxims of industry, economy, and sound common sense, which 968 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. all human experience indorses and commends, he in culcated wherever he found idleness, extravagance, or folly. Mr. Draper was plain in manners, determined in opinions, and inflexible in principle. He was a genuine hater of shams and pretense, and would rebuke with almost merciless severity a would-be spirit or a mean act. The love of justice was the dominant principle of his nature, and at his grave an appreciative friend remarked that the most fitting inscription that could be placed upon his tombstone would be, — " He was too noble to do a wrong act." THE WENTWORTH FAMILY. The Wentworth families of America are of illus trious descent, and can trace their ancestry twenty- one generations in England, to the time of the Nor man Conquest. The pedigree commences with Reginald Wentworth, or, as written in " Domesday Book," Rynold De Winterwade. He was the pos sessor of the lordship of Wentworth, in the Wapen take of Strafford, in the West Riding of Yorkshire, in 1066. The fact of his being mentioned as the Lord of Wentworth sufficiently proves him to have been a prominent man, even at this early date. The Wentworths held high offices in church and state, and were knighted for their bravery. From Reginald the first descended, in regular line of descent, William Wentworth, the emigrant, and the veritable " Elder" of New England history. The first evidence of his presence in this country is his signature, with that of others, to a " combination" for a government at Ex eter, N. H., on the 4th day of October, 1639. This combination continued for three years ; we then find him, in 1642, as juror from Wells, Me., and in 1648 he was constable. He must have removed from Maine about 1649, as in 1650 he was taxed at Dover, N. H., and was also one of the selectmen in 1651, 1657, 1664, 1665, and 1670. " On the fifth day of Oct. 1652, William Wentworth and others in behalf of themselves and the town of Dover, contract with Richard Waldern to build a meeting house," etc. It was over this church, known now as the First Church in Dover, that William Wentworth became an elder. In 1689 he was instrumental in saving Heard's garrison. He officiated several years as a preacher at Exeter and other places, and died at a very advanced age at Dover in 1697. From him the several Governors Wentworth have descended. John 2, son of Elder William Wentworth, was born prior to 1619, and hence was one of the oldest of Elder Wentworth's children. He resided in Dover, N. H., until about 1672 ; afterwards he was in York, Me., until that town was destroyed by the Indians in 1692. He then probably came to Massachusetts, as in 1704 his name is mentioned in a lease dated in November of that year at Punkapaug (now Canton), Mass. He married Martha . Their children were John, Edward, Charles3, Shubael, Elizabeth, and Abigail. Charles3, son of John2 and Martha Wentworth, was born about 1684. He lived in Canton, Mass., then a part of Stoughton. The house in which he lived is still standing. He was one of the selectmen of Stoughton in 1730 and for several years afterwards. When sixty years of age he was appointed by Gover nor Shirley, June 18, 1744, lieutenant of the Third Company of the Fourth Regiment of militia, and afterwards became captain. He married, Dec. 15, 1713, Bethiah, daughter of John Fenno, of Stough ton. Their children were Amariah, Rachel, William, Samuel4, Bethiah, Seth, Jerusha, Sarah. Charles Wentworth died at Canton, Mass., July 8, 1780, aged ninety-six. Samuel 4, son of Charles b and Bethiah (Fenno) Wentworth, was born April 24, 1728, and lived in Stoughton on land given him by his father May 22, 1753. He was called " Capt. Samuel." He married, first, Oct. 19, 1748, Hannah Endicott ; sec ond, Feb. 1, 1754, Sarah, daughter of John and Abi gail (Vose) Puffer. He died Dec. 23, 1783. His children were Mary, Mehitable, Samuel, Abel, Na thaniel5, Abel, Rachel, Sarah, Abigail, John, Bethiah. Nathaniel5, son of Samuel* and Sarah (Puffer) Went worth, was born Nov. 11, 1761, married, April 3, 1792, Olive, daughter of Samuel Capen. She died May 12, 1859. Nathaniel was a hard-working boy, and used to draw wood six miles to sell to Governor Hutchinson, who resided on Milton Hill. He left his home early on the morning of the 19th of April, 1775, with a load of wood, and hearing the news of the fighting at Lexington and Concord, he alarmed his friends by his prolonged absence. He served six months in the Revolutionary army as guard on the British prison ers captured in Burgoyne's surrender, who were kept in barracks on Bunker Hill from 1777 to the spring of 1778. He drew a pension up to the time of his death, which occurred July 9, 1849, on the spot where his grandfather, Charles, lived and died, and his widow continued to draw it until her death, some twelve years thereafter. Mr. Edwin .Wentworth states that when he went to draw the pension for her he was much impressed by the cordiality and friendliness existing among the pensioners assembled from various t 0~7~> CANTON. 969 parts of the State. All seemed to have a pride in having been of so patriotic blood as to merit this re ward. His children were Nathaniel6, Sophia, Larra Edwin, and Francis. Nathaniel Wentworth, sixth in descent from Elder William Wentworth, the first American of the name, and oldest son of Nathaniel and Olive (Capen) Wentworth, was born June 2, 1795, and was a life long resident of Canton. His education was acquired mostly at the common schools, supplemented, how ever, by a short time at a private school, but being by nature energetic and a hard worker, he engaged in the business for which he was naturally fitted, — that of cattle dealer, — and did an immense butchering business, which is now carried on by his son. He was especially noted for his knowledge of live-stock. His business was a success, and he became wealthy for the times in which he lived. He married, first, May 12, 1827, Rebecca G. Presbrey. She died Dec. 25, 1847. Second, Sarah J. Bachelder, March 4, 1850. She died April 28, 1853. His children were James N. (born June 29, 1828, died April 23, 1863 ; he married Rachel Smith, Sept. 24, 1856; they had two chil dren,— Alfred J., born Dec. 27, 1858, and Mary 0., born Nov. 24, 1862), Charles P. (born Jan. 14, 1831 ; he married Abbie E. Colby, July 29, 1852. Their surviving children are Addie R., born May 30, 1857, and William G., born Dec. 14, 1865), Alfred (died Jan. 3, 1839, aged six years), Larra Edwin (born April 25, 1844; married, first, Ellen Mash, March 2, 1866. They had one child, Rebecca E., who died March 25, 1881, aged fourteen years. He married, second, Evaleen Tucker, Oct. 5, 1880. Their child, Olive, was born Dec. 30, 1882). Nathaniel Wentworth was a man of strong char acter and consistent in his principles. In politics he was a Republican. He was selectman for one year, and only lacked one vote of election for representative, although he remained at home and kept his men at work. He was a man of quaint originality, social, and his company was much enjoyed by his associates in business for his peculiar witticisms and conversa tional powers. Although active and energetic he con ducted his affairs with conservatism and prudence, and accumulated wealth. His death occurred Nov. 24, 1876. Larra Edwin, son of Nathaniel and Rebecca (Pres brey) Wentworth, enlisted as private in Company A, Fourth Massachusetts Regiment, Sept. 17, 1862, and served faithfully in the department of the Gulf under Gen. Banks, participating in the warm engagement at Bisland, La., and in the memorable siege of Port Hudson, where he was wounded in the assault of June 14th. He is a charter member of Revere Post, Grand Army of the Republic, which was organized in 1869, and takes great interest and pride in this organization, and illustrates in his private life that a brave soldier is always a good citizen. Edwin Wentworth, son of Nathaniel5 and Olive (Capen) Wentworth, was born on the old Wentworth homestead, in Canton, Mass., April 1, 1805. He received his education both at common and at a private school under the charge of that eminent mathematician, Colburn. He served as clerk at various times for his brother-in-law, Nathaniel French, who was a merchant, and there acquired such a taste for business that he preferred engaging in trade to a college life at Harvard University, and June 3, 1822, when but little over seventeen, he en gaged in business for himself, and paying one dollar and fifty cents per week for his board, he cleared nine hundred dollars the first year, thus proving his apti tude for his chosen calling, that of merchant, in which he continued for about twenty-one years, four years of that time in Stoughton. He also carried on a bakery and confectionery business, speculated largely in real estate, his ventures being usually crowned with success. Mr. Wentworth 's sagacity and judgment were of eminent advantage to him in his dealings in real estate, as he bought largely at auction, knowing when and how to purchase. He has always been conservative and independent in his operations. Well known as a man whose word is as good as his bond, naturally he has been called to fill many places of trust and financial responsibility, and in the discharge of his duties has deemed it impera tive to know personally how affairs stood, and never trusted to another for information which he should himself possess. Mr. Wentworth was director of Ne ponset Bank for ten years, trustee of Canton Savings- Bank several years. As an instance of his popularity we would mention that once, while a candidate for the Legislature from Canton, he received the largest vote ever cast for a candidate in his town, — four hun dred and fourteen out of about six hundred votes polled. Mr. Wentworth has ever been a Democrat, be lieving that the Jeffersonian principles, as expressed in the Declaration of Independence and Constitution, were the true guides to liberty and freedom for the republic. Fearless, outspoken, and bold, Mr. Went worth has never been double-faced, and in all points at issue no one has ever had any difficulty in finding where he stood, either in polities, business, or town affairs. He built the fine residence where he now resides in 1853, and has done much to build up the interests of Canton by erecting convenient tenements. 970 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. He has holdings of real estate in East Boston, Cam bridge, Charlestown, Boston, South Braintree, and Stoughton, four houses at Nantasket, one of them the Wentworth House, and about twenty-five tenements which he rents in Canton, and is considered the largest real estate owner there. To Mr. Wentworth and his brother Nathaniel the growth of the Universalist Society was largely due, although not a member him self. He prefers standing alone on his personal merits, letting all secret societies, organizations, and combi nations alone. He has assisted many deserving causes and people, and holds a high place in the regards of the solid people of a wide range of acquaintance, en joys a handsome property, largely the result of his own efforts, and, hale and vigorous, at the age of seventy-nine, is passing on to the twilight of life with a cheerful philosophy, and is still at his labors, prefer ring rather to wear out than to rust out. For 'seven years he held commissions of ensign and lieutenant in one of the " crack" independent military companies of the day, — " The Crane Guards." Mr. Wentworth married, Feb. 19, 1827, Julia Crane, daughter of Friend and Rebecca (Upham) Crane, of Canton. They had two children,— Mary (born April 28, 1836 ; she died May 1, 1867 ; married Horace H. Mansfield, of Canton, had three children, — Mary Wentworth, born Oct. 16, 1863, died Aug. 10, 1864; Helen M., born Feb. 19, 1865 ; Edwin W., born April 13, 1867 ; died March 18, 1872), Edwin (born July 19, 1849; died Sept. 23, 1849). CORODON SPAULDING. Corodon Spaulding is a descendant of Edward Spaulding, the first of the family we have any knowl edge of, who came to America in the earliest years of the Massachusetts Colony, — probably between 1630 and 1633. He first appears in Braintree, Mass., and his de scendants were as follows : Edward (2d), Ebenezer (3d), Stephen (4th), Eben (5th), Warren (6th), Corodon (7th), who was born Jan. 1, 1812, in East Washington, N. H. His grandparents on his mother's side were among the first settlers of East Washington. Deacon William Graves, who lived and died on the farm where he first settled. His father's grandfather was Samuel Roundy, one of the first settlers of Lempster, N. H., who went from Windham, Conn., in the year 1773. Mr. Spauld- ing's grandmother was then fourteen years old, and rode horseback the whole distance and carried a younger sister in her arms. He well recollects seeing his great-grandfather at his father's house in (what was then) Fishersfield, now Newbury, N. H. He was quite an old man, but came on horseback. His grandparents on his father's side lived on a farm in East Washington, N. H., now a small village. His grandmother lived to be one hundred years and three months old. Her one hundredth birthday was celebrated by appropriate services on the 30th of March, 1859. Rev. Willard Spaulding, her grand son, preached an eloquent sermon on the occasion. During the time he lived at home his father's property did not exceed one thousand dollars in value. He had, therefore, a very limited education, being allowed only a few weeks' schooling in the winter, and was early thrown upon his own resources. It may not be out of place here to remark that he has always been of strictly temperate principles, and since leaving home a strong advocate of temperance ; and one incident that happened while at school so dis gusted him that it can never be forgotten. When about sixteen years of age the snow was piled in drifts around the school-house, the boys got to snow-balling, and in the excitement carried the game into the school- house and had it out there, and upon the arrival of the master, he (the master) proposed to and did send to the village and bought a gallon of -rum and passed it around to the scholars to any and all who would drink. Meantime, however, one of the neighbors had been informed of what was going on, and went him self to the school-house, when, upon his appearance at the door, the master took the jug and passed it to him, who refused it, however, and immediately took measures to have the master removed. This is given to show the youth the difference of influence between the present day and then. When eighteen years of age, in the year 1830, he engaged as a stone-cutter, and worked on the sea-wall on Deer Island in Boston harbor. The following October he went to Newcastle, in the State of Dela ware, and did some work on the Frenchtown and Newcastle Railroad, and in December of the same year went to the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. The road was then completed to Ellicott's Mills, and here, in 1831, he superintended a granite-quarry, and got out stone for the track in Pratt Street, in Baltimore. This was the year the first locomotive was built in the United States, by Peter Cooper. He sometimes came to Ellicott's Mills, bringing long trains of cars (as they were called then). For the information of those younger than him self we will state a little incident that occurred. As the cars were passing the quarry about his dinner- '¦>(rlM-0Lc-^ ' l)% ^^ ^a^r ?. 7-Cl o CANTON. 971 hour, he would avail himself of the opportunity to ride part of the way to his boarding-place, and the last car being void of passengers, he jumped on the rear end, and his weight caused the forward wheels to rise from the rail, and when it came down again did not strike the rail, but they were able to put the car on the track again without stopping the train. He regrets that he has never been able to see that good old man, Peter Cooper, again. The following December he went to Pennsylvania and engaged on the Philadelphia and Columbia Rail road (now Pennsylvania Central), and the next De cember left for his father's home in Bradford, N. H., and remained there until the next March, when he engaged work in Boston on Union wharf. The next February, in 1834, engaged on the Bos ton and Providence Railroad as track-layer at differ ent points on the road. In August, 1835, engaged with the same company as road-master, where he remained nineteen and one- half years, and in the course of this time invented the machine for curving and straightening railroad- bars, so extensively used on all roads at the present time. Also, a derrick now used by all stone-masons. In 1836, the 20th of April, was married to Abigail Tolman, daughter of Joseph Tolman, of Sharon, Mass., and moved to Canton in 1839 ; bought a small farm in 1841, on which he now lives. Their children were as follows: Corodon, born Aug. 10, 1838, in Sharon, Mass., died Nov. 30, 1841, in Can ton, Mass. ; Sarah Abigail, born Aug. 2, 1844, in Canton, where she died Feb. 16, 1845; Sarah Abi gail, born June 16, 1846, in Canton, Mass., and was married to William K. Hawes, Jan. 1, 1871. They reside in Canton. William K. Hawes is son of In crease Hawes, of Norwood, Mass. FRANCIS W. DEANE. Francis W. Deane, son of William and Chloe Deane, was born in Mansfield, Mass., Oct. 9, 1807. The Deane family is an old and honored one in New Eng land annals. (See biography of Theodore Dean, in our " History of Bristol County, Massachusetts.") His parents were in humble circumstances on a small farm, and his father's death, when Frank was but five years old, brought a great responsibility upon the widowed mother, who was left, by her own exertions, to bring up her three small boys. With courage and determination she set about the task, and well did she perform her part. By her constant teaching and example, she instilled into their young minds those principles of industry and integrity which have been so clearly shown in Mr. Deane's long and useful life in Canton. In 1822, when he was fifteen, she brought Frank to Canton to take a clerkship in the country store of Leonard Everett. From that time to the present (over sixty years) he has been connected with the business interests of Canton, and never has malice or envy dared to impugn his honesty or to impeach his motives. His life has been an open book, whose pages have ever told the one story of unassuming worth. He remained with Mr. Everett nearly six years. On attaining his majority he engaged with James Dunbar and Eiisha Crane as clerk at the " stone-factory," near the Boston and Providence Via duct, with whom he remained about two years, until Mr. Dunbar gave up business. He then began trad ing on his own account ; but, after a short time, his services were sought as clerk in the Neponset Bank, then (June, 1836) just organized. We give as better indices than any language of ours of Mr. Deane's character, the esteem of which his associates hold him, and the length and character of his services in the banks of Canton, the following. On May 31, 1880, the directors of the Neponset National Bank, among other resolutions, passed this : " Whereas, Francis W. Deane, Esq., who has held the office of cashier of this bank since its organization as a na tional institution, and, also, for many years previously, when the bank existed under a State charter, cover ing, in all, a period of forty-four years of service in various capacities, has, on account of increasing physical infirmities, tendered his resignation of said office, to take effect on the first day of June next ; and, whereas, at his urgent solicitation, said resigna tion has been accepted by the Directors; therefore, Resolved, That in sundering the relations which have so long and so happily connected him with this insti tution, while they are pained at his retirement, they are proud to bear witness to the ability and fidelity which have ever characterized him in the perform ance of his various duties. Courteous, affable, and obliging to all, faithful, honest, and true to every trust, he has not only won our confidence and esteem, but also that of the entire community in which he lives." The trustees of the Canton Institution for Savings passed, at a meeting held April 4, 1883, resolutions on his resignation, from which we extract : " Whereas, Francis W. Deane, in consequence of enfeebled health, has felt compelled to resign the office of treasurer of the Canton Institution for Savings, which office he has held for the past thirty- one years ; he also having been connected with the institution since its incor poration in 1835 ; therefore, Resolved, That the trus tees hereby express their appreciation of his long and 972 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. faithful services. His integrity was never questioned, and his faithfulness and devotion to his duty have ever commanded our approval and admiration." Mr. Deane was elected town treasurer in 1857, and has held that office uninterruptedly until the present. He was also treasurer of the Stoughton Branch Rail road. In political affiliations he is a Republican. He is a deacon of the First Universalist Church in Can ton, of which he has been a member for many years. He married, Oct. 16, 1827, Mary, daughter of Jo seph and Merriam Adams. Their children were Mary (deceased), Walter P., Ellen M. (deceased), Mary E. (deceased), Merriam E. (married William W. Toner, and died in her twenty-ninth year, leaving one sur viving child, Emma E.), Emily F. (married William F. Horrobin, and died in her twenty-second year, leaving one child, Francis W.), and Francis W. (de ceased). Mrs Mary Deane died July 26, 1847, and Mr. Deane married, Jan. 5, 1851, Emily Adams, sister of his first wife. Quiet and unostentatious, Mr. Deane has done the work allotted him well, and is beloved by a large circle of friends. ELLIS AMES. Ellis Ames was born at Stoughton, Norfolk Co., Oct. 17, 1809, in that epoch following the Revolution when our new republic was slowly passing out of the exhaustion attendant on that protracted struggle, and yet was about to engage in new strife with its old enemy, in what was for us the very brilliant war of 1812. His birth-time, therefore, touches both the sunset of our Revolutionary statesmen aud warriors, and also the frontiers of our new national prosperity. His father was Jonathan Ames, Jr., of Stoughton, and his mother was Sally Capen, daughter of Edward Capen (2d), of Stoughton, and of his wife Eunice Monk, daugh ter of George Monk, of Stoughton, and his wife Sarah Hixon, of Sharon. His father's family derives itself from William Ames, who, with his brother John, came from Btuton, Somersetshire, England, to America in 1634 and settled at Braintree. They were the sons of Richard Ames. Mr. Ames, therefore, is of that Puritan and yeoman stock which so sturdily civilized Massachusetts wilds, and has given so much bone and brain power to make this nation what it is. William Ames had three sons, — John, from whom Ellis descended ; Nathaniel, from whom descended Hon. Fisher Ames; and Thomas, from whom descended the Hon. Oakes Ames. In the fall of 1814, at the close of the war, his father removed his family to his native town of West Bridgewater, Plymouth Co., where Ellis Ames lived until March 8, 1837, except in the years which he spent at college. He was prepared for college at the Bridgewater Academy, 1822-27, and entered the sophomore class of Brown University at the commence ment of the last-named year. Graduating in 1830, in the same class with Professor Chace and Hon. B. F. Thomas, he studied law with Hon. William Baylies, of West Bridgewater (B. U., 1795), and was admit ted to the bar at the December term of the court of Common Pleas (1833) for Plymouth County. He engaged at once in the practice of law in his pa ternal town and parts adjacent, and represented West Bridgewater in the General Court for the political years 1833, 1834, 1835, and 1836. He removed his domicil to Canton, March 8, 1837, as a better field for the practice of the law, and in that profession he has been laboring until this present. These are the modest and, as they look, rather meagre details of a life full of legal industry and ability. Mr. Ames himself is one of the most modest and unpre tending of men, and perplexes his biographers by in dustriously hiding from them the very valuable services he has rendered in illustrating and settling some of the law's most recondite and perplexing problems. He confesses to drafting the bill in equity of Massa chusetts, plaintiff against the State of Rhode Island, in the matter of the boundary between these States, which was entered in the Supreme Court at Washing ton at the December term of 1852. This question, involving much antiquarian lore and keen insight into colonial history, was happily decided in the interest of his client, and the fact has always been held a tribute to his legal abilities. But the truth is that in equity pleadings, one of the most intricate and difficult de partments of a lawyer's practice, Mr. Ames was for many years regarded as authority, and difficult cases of great magnitude passed through his hands before they were finally argued by some of the most famous lawyers of the Massachusetts bar. He has been one of those, not too common lawyers, who have followed their profession for the love as well as the profit of it. He is rightly to be called learned in the law, and his researches have been among the roots of legal prin ciples, especially as they find illustration in English history. A member for many years of the Massa chusetts Historical Society, and his information about the colonial affairs of the Bay and Plymouth Colony is very minute and rich. It is doubtful if any man now living combines so much legal and colonial lore as he ; and it is to be regretted that most of it is likely to die with him. Personally, Mr. Ames has always had the simple habits of a scholar, and the bluff, hearty manner of NORFOLK. 973 an honest and friendly man. He has kept a keen watch of public affairs and men, is full of anecdote and reminiscence of the great lawyers who have been in his day at the bar, and the brilliant fame of the popular has waxed and waned before his eyes, yet he has never been tempted to turn from his own quiet ways to grasp at the bubbles of public applause, and like a true philosopher measures all such matters with a very long line of shrewd common sense. Mr. Ames has always been an intensely individual man, — a thorough Puritan, minus his gloom and his theology. He resembles, in a certain leonine cast of face, the late Chief Justice Lemuel Shaw, who was his friend. He is a good type of that better class of country law yers out of which such men as John Adams and Fisher Ames came. He has always been rich in brains and law-books, and a certain racy humor and good-fellowship, which has made him many friends. His private law library is probably the most extensive and complete of any in the State, outside of Boston. Among its other riches it has a complete set of the English Chancery Reports, from the earliest ages of English law till now. He began to argue cases in banc at the law term of 1836, and to the present time (1884) has argued his own cases there at every term. In his library he has the declaration, bill, pleadings', and principal documents of all these cases bound up in twenty folio volumes. His special and peculiar place among Massachusetts lawyers will be hard to fill when it becomes vacant. Mr. Ames married, in 1840, Harriet, daughter of Samuel and Caty (McKendry) Tucker, of Canton, and has two sons and three daughters still living. CHAPTER LXXIV. NORFOLK. North Parish of Wrentham— Early Settlements— Residents in 1795— North Society— First Meeting-House— Incorporation of Town— Act of Incorporation— First Town-Meeting— Of ficers Elected— List of Selectmen— Town Clerks— Represen tatives— Town House— Present Valuation— Industrial Pur suits—Churches—Schools. The greater portion of the present town of Norfolk was originally the North Parish of Wrentham, and the early history of the town, Revolutionary, etc., will be found in that of the mother- town, of which it formed a part until 1870. Settlements were made here at an early day, and amono- the prominent names here in 1795 were David Holbrook, Josiah Ware, Moses Mann, Samuel Richardson, James Holbrook, Asa Ware, Eiisha Rockwood, Jason Thompson, Darius Blake, Nathan Ware, George Blin, Jacob Pond, Daniel Ware, Eiisha Ware, James Perrigs, Asa Blake, George Fairbank, David Holbrook, Robert Day, Isaiah Turner, Jared Wilson, David Pond, E. Tucker, Jeremiah Tucker, Samuel Ware, Pallu Pond, Samuel Holbrook, Daniel Holbrook, Jr., Henry Holbrook, Paul Holbrook, Oliver Ware, Joel Ware, Moses Vince, Amariah Ware, Consider Studly, Jason Richardson, Seth Fisher, and Ebenezer Blake. On the 29th of September, 1795, a meeting of the inhabitants of the North Parish was held " for the purpose of knowing the minds of said inhabitants for building a meeting-house for public and social worship at said north end." It was finally agreed to build a meeting-house, and a subscription-paper was started bearing the following heading : "As the Happiness of Society and good order and preserva tion of ourselves, as well as a rising Generation, greatly depend on a close adherance to morality, piety, and Religion, and these Cannot be Diffused in our Local situation but by the Institution of Public Worship of God, and the Institution of morality, piety, and Religion, therefore to promote the happiness of ourselves as well as the rising Generation, we, the subscribers, do jointly agree to the subsequent articles." Here follows a number of articles, and the paper was subsequently signed by thirty-eight of the in habitants, pledging twelve hundred and forty- four dollars. Incorporation of Town. — The North Parish re mained a portion of Wrentham until Feb. 23, 1870, when it was incorporated as a separate town, bearing the name of Norfolk. Portions of Franklin, Medway, and Walpole were also embraced in the new town. The following is the act of incorporation : " An Act to incorporate the Town of Norfolk. "Be it enacted, dc, as follows : "Sect. 1. All the territory now within the towns of Wren tham, Franklin, Medway, and Walpole, in the county of Nor folk, comprised within the following limits, that is to say : beginning at a point on Charles River, in the north-west angle of Wrentham, and following in an easterly course the present line of division between Wrentham and Medfield to Stop River ; thence running southerly along said river, and separated by the thread of its stream from Walpole, to a point forty rods north of the mouth of the first brook running into said river, below Campbell's Mills, on the easterly side ; thence from said point, by a straight line, running to the junction of Back and Bird streets, in Walpole; thence to the easterly side of said Bird street to its junction with West street; thence westerly by the northerly side of West street, twenty-five rods ; thence southerly, and near to and westerly from the barn belonging to the home estate of Charles Bird, until said line strikes Stop River, one hundred and twenty rods southerly from West street; thence alon°- said river as far as Wrentham and Walpole are separated by the thread of its stream ; thence by a straight line, running 974 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. westerly of the Walpole almshouse and easterly of the farm buildings of Patrick Reardon, and easterly of the Dupee Blake place, so called, to a point on the line between Walpole and Fox borough, one hundred and twenty-five rods north-easterly from Dedham Bock; thence from said point, following the present line of division, between Wrentham and Foxborough, to Ded ham Rock : thence southerly from said rock along the present line of Wrentham and Foxborough to a point on said line on the southerly side of Pine street; thence by a straight line to a point on the westerly side of Everett street, northerly of the house of Edmund T. Everett, and southerly of the Pondville Cemetery, to a point on the westerly side of North street, five rods southerly of the farm buildings of Samuel J. Benn ; thence through the Stony Brook reservoir, near to the house of E. S. Nash, to a point on the line between Franklin and Wrentham, ninety rods southerly of the house late of Eliphalet Lawrence; thence running northerly, by a straight line, near to and west of the farm buildings of the home estate of J. E. Pollard, near the Elliot Felting Mills, near to and thirty-five rods west of the present residence of Saul B. Scott, to the southern extremity of Populatic Pond ; thence along the western shore of said pond, at low-water mark, to Charles River; thence in an easterly course upon Charles River, and separated by the thread of its stream from Medway to the centre of the iron bridge over said river; thence upon the thread of said river to the bridge of the Med way branch railroad; thence along the southerly side of said railroad, twenty-eight rods, to a point; thence from said point, by a straight line running in a north-easterly course, passing south-easterly of and near to the village of Deanville, near to and south of the old barn belonging to John Barber, to a point on Baltimore street, two rods from said barn ; thence by a straight line to the eastei'ly side of the great bend in Charles River and near the old fording place; thence upon said river, and sepa rated by the thread of its stream, from Medway to the point of beginning ; — is hereby incorporated into a town by the name of Norfolk ; and said town of Norfolk is hereby invested with all the powers, privileges, rights, and immunities, and is subject to all the duties and requisitions to which other towns are entitled and subjected by the constitution and laws of this Common wealth. "Sect. 2. The inhabitants of said town of Norfolk shall be holden to pay all arrears of taxes, which have been legally assessed upon them by th^ towns of Wrentham, Franklin, Medway, and Walpole, respectively; and all taxes heretofore assessed and not collected shall be collected and paid to the treasurers of the towns of Wrentham, Franklin, Medway, and Walpole, respectively, in the same manner as if this act had not been passed; and until the next general valuation of estates in this Commonwealth, the town of Norfolk shall annually pay over to the said towns of Wrentham, Franklin, Medway, and Walpole, respectively, the proportion of any State or county tax which the said towns of Wrentham, Franklin, Medway, and Walpole, respectively, may be required to pay, upon the inhab itants or estates hereby set off"; said proportion to be ascertained and determined by the respective valuations of the said towns of Wrentham, Franklin, Medway, and Walpole, next preceding the passage of this act.v "Sect. 3. Said towns of Wrentham, Franklin, Medway, Walpole, and Norfolk shall be respectively liable for the sup port of all persons who now do, or shall hereafter stand in need of relief as paupers, whose settlement was gained by or derived from a settlement gained or derived within their respective limits. "Sect. 4. The towns of Wrentham, Franklin, Medway, Wal pole, and Norfolk shall retain the school-houses within their respective limits, and the town of Norfolk shall assume and pay its just and equitable proportions, according to its present assessed valuation, of any debt due or owing from the towns of Wrentham and Franklin, respectively, at the time of the pas sage of this act, and shall be entitled to receive from said towns, respectively, its just and equitable proportion, accord ing to said assessed valuation, of all the corporate property then owned by said towns of Wrentham and Franklin, respect ively, including therein the school-houses retained by said Wrentham, Franklin, and Norfolk, respectively; and said town of Norfolk shall be held to refund to said towns of Wren tham and Franklin, respectively, its just proportion of the surplus revenue, whenever the same shall be called for accord ing to law; such proportion to be determined by the decennial State valuation next preceding such call. And in case the proportions aforesaid cannot be agreed upon by said towns of Norfolk, Wrentham, and Franklin, respectively, the same shall be determined by three commissioners, to be appointed by the Superior Court for said county of Norfolk, upon •¦*¦ petition of either of said towns. "Sect. 5. The territory of the town of Norfolk, heretofore part of the towns of Franklin and Walpole, for the purpose of electing representatives to the General Court until the next decennial census, or until another apportionment be made, shall remain a part of said towns of Franklin and Walpole, respect ively, and vote thei'efor at such places, respectively, as the said towns shall vote; and the selectmen of Norfolk shall make a true list of all persons within their town, qualified to vote at every such election, and shall post up the same in said town of Norfolk, and shall correct the same as required by law, and shall deliver a true list of all such voters as are entitled to vote in said towns of Franklin and Walpole, respectively, to the selectmen thereof, seven days at least before such election, to be used thereat. "And the territory of the town of Norfolk, heretofore part of the towns of Wrentham and Medway, until another appor tionment be made, shall, for the purpose of electing representa tives to the General Court, remain a part of the Twelfth Nor folk Representative District, and vote for the same in the town of Norfolk; and the clerk of the town of Norfolk shall make returns and meet with the clerks of the towns of Foxborough, Medway, and Wrentham for the purpose of ascertaining the result of the election and making certificates of the same at the time and place now provided for said meeting by law; and the territory of said town of Norfolk, until legally changed, shall, for the purpose of electing a representative in Congress, continue to be part of the Congressional District numbered eight: and for the purpose of electing a, councilor, part of the Second Councilor District; and for the purpose of electing a senator, a part of the Third Norfolk District. " Sect. 6. Any justice of the peace within and for the county of Norfolk may issue his warrant, directed to any principal in habitant of the town of Norfolk, requiring him to notify and warn the inhabitants thereof, qualified to vote in town affairs, to meet at the time and place appointed for the purpose of choos ing all such town officers as towns are by law authorized and required to choose at their annual meetings; and said warrant shall be served by posting up copies thereof, attested by the person to whom the same is directed, in three public places in said town, seven days at least before such meeting. Such jus tice, or, in his absence, such principal inhabitant, shall preside until the choice of moderator in said meeting. The selectmen of the towns of Wrentham, Franklin, Medway, and Walpole shall, before said meeting, prepare a list of voters from their respective towns within said Norfolk, qualified to vote at said meeting, and shall deliver the same to the person presiding at said meeting before the choice of a moderator thereof. NORFOLK. 975 " Sect. 7. This act shall take effect upon its passage. [Ap proved Feb. 23, 1870." The First Town-Meeting. — The first town-meet ing was held March 7, 1870, with Albert G. Hills as moderator. The meeting was called to order by Saul B. Scott, Esq., and Rev. Daniel Round checked the list during the voting for moderator. The following officers were elected: Selectmen, Saul B. Scott, Levi Mann, and Erastus Dupee ; Town Clerk, Silas E. Fales ; Assessors, Eiisha Rockwood, George E. Holbrook, and James H. Haines ; Treasu rer, William E. Codding ; Constables, George P. Cody and Albert E. Dupee ; School Committee, J. K. Bragg, Daniel J. Holbrook, and Lothrop C. Keith; Fence-viewers, Charles Jordan and Darius Ware ; Surveyors of Lumber, Levi Mann and Oren C. Ware. The first town-meeting was closed by tendering a vote of thanks to the moderator, and also to Silas E. Fales and William A. Jepson for the gift of a ballot- box. The following is a list of selectmen from the organ ization of the town to the present time : Saul B. Scott, 1870, '71, '72, '73, '74. Levi Mann, 1870, '71, '72, '75, '76, '81. Erastus Dupee, 1870, '71. Henry Trowbridge, 1872, '73, '74, '75, '76. Henry K. W. Pond, 1873, '74, '75, '76, '77, '78, '79, '80, '81. James E. Pollard, 1877, '78, '79, '80, 'S2. N. D. Kingsbury, 1877, '78, '79, '80, '81, '82, '83, '84. E. W. Giles, 1882, '83, '84. Henry Perkins, 1883, '84. Town Clerk. — The first town clerk was Mr. Silas E. Fales, who has been annually re-elected to the present time. Representative.— The Ninth Norfolk Representa tive District embraces Medfield, Dover, Needham, Norfolk, and Wellesley, and Norfolk has had since its incorporation one representative, Levi Mann, in 1882. Town House.— The present town house was for merly the church building belonging to the North Parish, and was erected in 1796. It was entirely re modeled in 1879, and is now a convenient, neat, and attractive building, surmounted by a tower, in which is a clock the gift of Mr. Josiah Ware. The build ing is beautifully located, and the tower affords an ex tensive view of the surrounding country. The present valuation of Norfolk is $397,856, and the number of voters one hundred and thirty. At the first gubernatorial election held in the town William Claflin received eighty-eight votes, John Lewis Adams twenty-seven, and Wendell Phillips six. Industrial Pursuits. — There is some manufac turing in the town, but the chief occupation is agri culture. The City Mills are owned by the Rays, of Franklin. Rays' shoddy-mill is located on Stony Brook. There is also a paper-mill, George Campbell proprietor, located at Island Lake. There is also a small paper- mill in the west part of the town, in the building for merly owned by the Eliott Felting Company. There is a grist-mill at Norfolk Centre, owned by E. W. Mann. Island Lake is a pleasure-ground belonging to the New York and New England Railroad. It is a beautiful spot, and is much frequented during the summer season. There are two churches located in the town, both at Norfolk Centre, — Orthodox Congregational (Rev. Francis F. Williams pastor) and the Baptist Church (Rev. Daniel Round pastor). The schools of the town are in good condition. The following abstract is taken from the report of the school committee for the fiscal year ending Jan. 31, 1884: ABSTRACT FROM SCHOOL REGISTERS. Names of Schools. Spring Term. Centre... North....Felting Mills River End.... Pondville Stony Brook Fall Term. Centre | 39 North 31 Felting Mills 32 River End.... 11 Pondville 11 Stony Brook.. 15 Winter Term.' Centre j 41 North : ... Felting Mills 27 River End.... 14 Pondville 8 Stony Brook.: 12 < . . ® a aj P< 79 9(5 90ss 9178 CO « 37 | 92 0 29 i 93 ! 0 27 ' 84 0 10 . 90 0 10 ! 91 I 0 12 80 1 i 30 ' 73 1 15 55 0 14 100 0 7 ¦ 92 0 S j67 0 Teachers' Names. Olive A.Thompson,S36 Lizzie TurkingtonJ 36 Malvina V. Scott. | 32 Nettie L. Poole, j 32 Lucy A.Warren. 28 Mabel E. Caffin. ! 30 Jessie G. Prescott. Lizzie Turkington. Malvina V. Scott. Ida M. Guild. f Lucy A. Warren, j Lelia H. Caffin. Josie M. Gove. Jessie G. Prescott. Term unfinished. Malvina V. Scott. Ida M. Guild. Lucy M. King. Josie M. Gove. 3D36 3232 302S 36 32 3228 30 976 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH. JOSIAH WARE. Josiah Ware is descended in a direct line from Robert Ware, husbandman, who, we are informed by a record prepared by W. B. Trask, of Dorchester, settled in that part of Dedham, Mass., afterwards called Wrentham. He was one of the original pro prietors of lands granted June 12, 1642 ; was made freeman May 26, 1647; was a member of the artillery company in 1644, and died April 19, 1699. He is referred to on the town records as " Robert Ware the aged," and his name stands second, in point of wealth, on the tax list of that period. He was one of six who were " impressed, by virture of a warrant from ye major" in Dedham, to serve in the King Philip war. His estate was appraised by his administrators at £250 2s. lOd. This Robert Ware (1) married Mar garet Hunting ; their children were John, Nathaniel, Robert, Esther, Samuel, Ephraim, Ebenezer. Of these, Nathaniel (2), whose wife was named Mary, was born Oct. 7, 1649; died July 1, 1724. Their children were five sons and three daughters. One of the sons, Josiah (3), was born in Wrentham, March 21, 1707. Soon after arriving at the age of man hood he went to Needham, purchased a tract of un cultivated land, which he improved and cultivated, and on which he resided till his death, 1798. He married Lydia Macintire, Jan. 7, 1741. Their chil dren were Josiah, Elijah, Lydia, Elijah (2). His second wife was Dorothy Dewen, by whom he had Asa, Dorothy, Joseph, and Daniel. His third wife was Mehitable Whitney, by whom he had Mehitable and William. His fourth wife was Sibel Robinson. By this marriage there was no issue. Of these ten children some of them attained positions of promi nence and were men of note in their day. Asa fought under Gen. Lee, and lost a hand at the battle of Mon mouth. He was deacon of the Congregational Church at Wrentham nearly forty years. Joseph was a farmer, and at the commencement of the war of the Revolu tion he entered the army and served through the war, was at the battles of Concord and Ticonderoga, and acted as orderly-sergeant and recruiting officer. He was one of the soldiers who engaged in 1775, under Col. Benedict Arnold, in the disastrous expedition against Quebec. During this expedition he suffered almost incredible hardships, as is shown by a journal which he kept, and which has since been published. Daniel, another son, passed two short terms of service in the army as orderly sergeant, and afterwards filled various public offices in Needham. Josiah (4), the eldest son, and ancestor of the Josiah whose portrait accompanies this sketch, was born in Needham, Sept. 15, 1742. He removed when young to Wrentham, married Lois, daughter of Eiisha and Phebe Ware, June 8, 1770. He was a very worthy man. and an industrious, enterprising farmer, and was one of the building committee for erecting the first church in North Wrentham. His children were Rhoda (died young), Eunice, (married Daniel Cook), Josiah, Eiisha, Lucy (married Benjamin Rock wood), Darius, and Lois (married Josiah Codding). He died Oct. 23, 1836. Josiah (5) was brought up on the farm, but also learned shoemaking. He married Mehitable Richard son, daughter of Eli Richardson, of Franklin (now Norfolk), and removed to Oxford, Mass. There their only child, Josiah (6), was born, Dec. 12, 1812 ; and when he was but six years of age, Mrs. Ware died. Mr. Ware then went west to New York State, where he married again, and a few years later died. Young Josiah was adopted into the family of his uncle, Daniel Cook, of Wrentham, where he received a common- school education, and was brought up to work on the farm. The abundance of out-door exercise in his youth assisted in laying the foundation for a very vigorous constitution, and to-day, at upwards of seventy years, he looks as though he had cheated old Father Time out of at least twenty years. He is one of the best-preserved men of his years in Norfolk County, or perhaps in the State. Upon attaining his majority he left Mr. Cook and hired out to work on a neigh boring farm one year, at the expiration of which time he returned to Mr. Cook. In his twenty -fourth year he married Patty M., daughter of Enoch and Betsey Blake, of Wrentham. He then purchased a small farm in Wrentham and engaged in agriculture, in addition to which he also did a great deal of lumbering and teaming of various kinds, and gradually but surely built up his little fortune. In December, 1860, Mrs. Ware died, leav ing no issue. Mr. Ware married as his second wife, January, 1862, Ann Blake, sister of his first consort. When the Norfolk County Railroad (now New York and New England Railroad) was built, Mr. Ware was appointed its first agent at Norfolk Station, a position which he has held to the present time through all changes of administration and manage ment. In order to be convenient to his business he purchased land adjacent to the depot, and erected a dwelling-house and out-buildings. At this place he has continued to reside to the present time. In addition to his duties as railroad agent he has carried on farming, teaming, and lumbering somewhat /(kUmJl) fl &*& NORFOLK. 977 extensively, and at one time did a very considerable livery business. He is at present doing a large lumber business in copartnership with C. J. Murphy, a young man whom Mr. Ware brought up from the age of thirteen. In political matters Mr. Ware has always taken a liberal and broad stand, voting for the man rather than the party. He has devoted himself to his busi ness, and avoided all office-seeking, although he has consented to fill a number of minor positions. He has been a remarkably energetic and industrious man, public-spirited and enterprising in all matters pertaining to the public weal and welfare of his town. And when any matter of public improvement has been undertaken, he has always stood ready to do his part, and more. An instance will serve to illustrate the character of the man. When it was proposed to erect a town house, an old church was tendered by the parish as a building suitable for the purpose when properly re paired. It was the old house where from his boy hood Mr. Ware had attended church, and his rever ence for the ancient and venerable structure was such, and his desire for its preservation, that he took a very active part, and gave of his means substantial aid toward having it repaired and remodeled. He was chairman of the building committee, and when com pleted he placed therein, at his own expense, an ele gant and valuable tower clock, which will tell the hour to the passer-by for many a year, and stand as a striking example of Mr. Ware's generous nature. This is but one of many liberal deeds, but it is illus trative. Mr. Ware enjoys to an eminent degree the confi dence of his fellow-townsmen, and is one of the few representatives of the ancient and honorable pioneer families of this section who converted the wilderness into the blooming garden and fruitful field. 62 APPENDIX. THE NORFOLK CLUB. BY A. E. SPBOUL. The Norfolk Club was organized on March 15, 1884, at Young's Hotel, in Boston, by gentlemen representing the Republican party of Norfolk County. It was the result of a movement which had been begun only a few weeks before, but which, from the very start, had met with almost unexampled favor among the class of gentlemen whom it was designed to interest in its welfare. At one or two previous gatherings of the projectors of the club a preliminary organization had been effected, and a committee was appointed to issue a "call" for a dinner and report a plan for permanent organization. Upwards of one hundred and twenty^five gentlemen having assem bled in one of the hotel parlors, therefore, previous to the dinner, the president pro tempore, Maj. J. H. Gould, of Medfield, called them to order, and intro duced Mr. George Fred Williams, of Dedham, chair man of the committee before mentioned. Mr. Wil liams briefly summarized the previous doings of the gentlemen who originated the organization, and then, on behalf of the committee, presented a series of by laws and a list of permanent officers for the action of the gentlemen present. The by-laws, which were adopted after a brief discussion, were as follows : "Article I. This Club shall be called the Norfolk Club, its object being for political and social purposes only. " Aetici.e II. The officers shall consist of a president, ten vice-presi dents, a secretary, a treasurer, and an executive committee of five mem bers, who shall be elected at the first meeting held in each year. " Article III. All recommendations or applications for membership shall be made to the executive committee in writing, and, if approved by them, shall be reported to the next regular meeting. Five votes in the negative shall exclude a candidate from admission. "Article IV. Au admission-fee of two dollars shall be paid by each new member, and the annual dues shall be one dollar each ; and no person shall be entitled to membership until after payment of the same. "Akticle V. Meetings of the Club shall be held at such times and places as the executive committee shall deem advisable, and notice to all members shall be sent by the secretary. "Article VI. The executive committee Bhall have the general man agement of the affairs of the Club, including invitations to guests ; but this shall not exclude members from inviting friends." The list of officers presented was also unanimously ratified, as follows : President, Asa French, of Brain tree; Vice-Presidents, Moses Williams, of Brookline, J. H. Gould, of Medfield, David W. Tucker, of Milton, John W. Candler, of Brookline, J. White Belcher, of Randolph, Frank M. Ames, of Canton, Warren E. 978 Locke, of Norwood, Joseph G. Ray, of Franklin, Dr. W. E. C. Swan, of Stoughton, Albert Jennings, of Wellesley; Secretary, George Fred Williams, of Dedham ; Treasurer, Enos H. Tucker, of Needham ; Executive Committee, J. Walter Bradlee, of Milton, Charles H. Smith, of Dover, Warren W. Adams, of Quincy, H. A. Thomas, of Weymouth, Fred H. Wil liams, of Foxborough. At the conclusion of the business meeting the gen tlemen adjourned to the dining-room. When cigars had been reached, in due course, Maj. Gould briefly introduced Mr. George Fred Williams, of Dedham, as the presiding officer of the occasion. The latter gentleman announced that members of the Middlesex and Massachusetts Clubs, who had been dining in the same hotel, had been invited to come in and join the Norfolk. A few moments later the gentlemen of the two clubs marched in, the Norfolk members rising and applauding loudly. The post-prandial exercises were participated in by well-known gentlemen of each of the three clubs, and were of a most interesting and jovial nature. Hon. Asa French, the president of the new club, is a resident of South Braintree, where his home has been for many years. Never active in politics, he has given his best energies to the practice of his pro fession, — the law. For a number of years he was district attorney for the southeastern district (com prising Norfolk and Plymouth Counties), where he achieved a high professional distinction. Declining a seat upon the bench of the Superior Court, tendered him by Governor Long, he resigned his attorneyship in the fall of 1882 to accept an appointment as one of the judges of the Court of Alabama Claims in Wash ington. Some years ago Mr. French represented the town of Braintree in the Massachusetts House of Representatives. His fitness for the presidency of the new club was immediately recognized. The following gentlemen had signed the by-laws, and constituted themselves members of the club, up to the close of the club's second dinner, on April 12, 1884, on which occasion several State officials and other distinguished men were present as guests : Name. Post-office Address. J. White Belcher Randolph. J. Walter Bradlee Miltou. Charles H. Smith Dover. Warren W. Adams Quincy. George Fred Williams Dedham. H. M. Federhen Quincy. W. L. Faxon Quincy. Fred H. Williams Foxborough. ErastUB Worthington Dedham. APPENDIX. 979 Name. Post-office Address. J- H'G°uld Medfield. S.C.Putnum Hyde Park. M. F. JohnBon Foxborough. Henry H. Faxon Quincy. Charles A. Foster Quincy. Jonathan Wales Bandolph. George B. Nichols Bandolph. Alfred E. Newhall Weymouth. John Q. A. Field Quincy. Charles H. Mayo Wellesley. E. S. Morse Dedham. John M. Whitcomb South Weymouth. Bichard L. Gay Hyde Park. Napoleon B. Furnald Quincy. Samuel L. White Holbrook. Isaac Fenno Canton. James T. Stevens South Braintree. Thomas E. Grover Canton. George D. Willis South Braintree. N. W. Dunbar Canton. Sanford Waters Billings.. , Sharon. Henry S. Bunton Hyde Park. James Atherton Stoughton. James Hewins Medfield. Milton M. Fisher Medway. Albert Jennings Wellesley. B. G. F. Candage Brookline. James W. Edgerly.. - Brookline. J. T. Southworth Holbrook. Lyman K. Putney Wellesley. J. W. C. Seavey Canton. J. Anson Guild Brookline. William A. WyckofT Franklin. William F. Ray Franklin. Elijah A. Morse Canton. Samuel M. Colcord Dover. Eben Higgins Dover. B. F. Baker Brookline. Waldo F. Ward Hyde Park. Orin T. Gray Hyde Park. John S. Bleakie Hyde Park. Herbert Moseley Needham. George W. Tisdale Needham. William Gorse Highlandville. H. A. Hill Hyde Park. J. D. Hunt .Foxborough. James M. Ellis Dedham. F. H. Maddocks Foxborough. Louis A. Cook South Weymouth. Ephraim A. Wood Wellesley. Robert W. Carpenter Foxborough. William H. Wade Plainville. Willis M. Fuller Plainville. H. TJ. Wilson Plainville. Frederic Endicott Canton. Benjamin H. Sanborn Wellesley. A. E. Miller Needham. C. W. Fearing Mass. Ins. Technology, Boston. P. S. Young, Jr Dedham. F. E. Holmes Canton. Charles J. McKenzie Franklin. George W. Wiggin Franklin. E. B. Thorndike Canton. A. T. Starkey Foxborough. Emery Grover Needham. Cyrus W. Jones Needham. O'. C. Livermore Wellesley Hills. W. R Chester Brookline. Everett J. Eaton Needham. George R. R. Rivers Milton. Sumner C. Chandler Brookline. Joseph G. Ray FTrankl'S' John C. Lane Norwood. J. P. S. Churchill Milton. John B. Bass Suln??-' John T. Stetson Franklin. Arthur Williams Brookline. Frank M.Ames Canton. ^^Li^ev;::-:^::::::::::^™. Se^DTyy::=:::::::::::::::::::::|?^k- „„„„ vr niark Holbrook. IdTa^s^feid.-.-.-:..:: South Weymouth. George E Downes Canton. l^oS-:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::^^ ^¦2:L:::::::::::::::::=S ' sT™ild :-::::::::::::::::::::la"tstoughtou. Aar«::.::.: *— ¦ William W. Thomas KkHne ^F. Humphrey Z^Do c" John Humplirey ....... Brookville: Cornelius L. White Weymouth. N. p. Canterbury Zsouth Weymouth. H.A.Thomas ;;;;;;;;;;;;;::;:::::;::::"..:East Medway. Joseph McLean Churchiii'.'.'.'. Soloh j. Winsor Pratt Randolpn. Name. Post-office Address. E. C. Bumpus Quincy. George M. Towle Brookline. Asa P. French South Braintree. A. H. Tower ....Cohasset. H. H. McQuillen Dedham. George B. French Holbrook. Charles H. Porter Quincy. Edward Isaiah Thomas Brookline. Alonzo B. Wentworth Dedham. E.D.Houston Franklin. Walter R. Swan Stoughton. William Curtis Stoughton. L. W. Morrison Braintree. Levi Ladd Needham. Josiah Reed South Weymouth. Bradford Lewis Walpole. F. Rockwood Hall..... Brookline. .Charles J. McPherson Walpole. C. G. Hathaway Randolph. Frank B. Rich Hyde Park. J. Q. A. Lothrop Cohasset. F. L. FiBher Medway. S. A. Merrill Wollaston Heights. Theophilus King, Jr Quincy. Rufus C. Wood Dedham. C. A. Thayer Randolph. H. W. Pratt Randolph. Charles Endicott Canton. W. E. C. Swan Stoughton. J. L. Whiton Quincy Point. Samuel R. Moseley Hyde Park. Walton Hall Quincy Point. C. F. Allen Hyde Park. Robert Bleakie Hyde Park. George A. Fletcher Milton. Frederic J. Stinson Dedham. Asa French Braintree. QUINCY. The Quincy Patriot, which is the oldest paper in Norfolk County, was established in Quincy, Mass., Jan. 1, 1837, by Messrs. Green & Osborne. It was conducted only three months under this firm when Mr. Osborne retired, and Mr. John A. Green, the senior member, assumed the control, and it continued under his management the succeeding fourteen years. In July, 1851, Mr. Green sold the Patriot to Messrs. Gideon F. Thayer and George White. These gentle men being unacquainted with the printing business, found, notwithstanding the talent and ability they brought into their new field of labor, that the editing of a country paper was not a remunerative business, and after nine months of editorial honors Mr. Thayer sold his interest to Mr. White, who for the year fol lowing labored hard, only to find, like his retiring partner, that his editorial labors were not a financial success. Mr. Green again became its possessor, and contin ued its publication until his death, in 1861. At this' time his widow assumed charge, and continued its publication until 1869, when Mr. George W. Pres cott who had been her business manager, entered into a partnership, and the Patriot has been con ducted very successfully under their editorial labors, and has now a circulation unsurpassed by any other paper in the county. When the Patriot was first published in 1837 it was a very diminutive sheet, being only twenty by thirty inches in size. When Messrs. Thayer & White became owners they increased the size to twenty-two by thirty- two inches. It remained this size until 1866, when it was enlarged to twenty-four by thirty-six inches. 980 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. In 1872 it was again enlarged to twenty -six and a half by forty-one inches. The publishers in 1880 again felt the necessity of enlarging the Patriot to meet the wants of their numerous patrons. This time it was made to the size twenty-nine by forty-four inches; and a beautiful engraving representing the granite business, the principal business of the town, was placed at the top of the first page. The Patriot has now almost reached a half-century, and can feel proud of its record, for during all this time it has never missed one publication, and has always been set in type and printed in the building that the first number was issued from. The present publishers have made it an independent sheet, free from all sectarian and political bias, and have thereby secured a very large advertising patronage, and at the same time secured a very large circulation at a sub scription price of two dollars and fifty cents per year. The Quincy Aurora was started by Charles Clapp, Jan. 1, 1843, and was discontinued in about three years. The Quincy Free Press was established Sept. 7, 1878, by N. T. Merritt, but is now obsolete. Quincy Quarry Interest. — The following is a list of the firms that have been engaged in the quarry business since 1813. The date preceding the name indicates the date of beginning business. 1813, New comb & Richards, composed of Bryant Newcomb and Joseph Bichards; 1817, William Packard; 1825, Granite Railway Company, Gridley Bryant, agent, succeeded by S. R. Bobinson, George Penniman, J. B. Whicher, and O. E. Shelden ; 1827, Richards & Newcomb (Joseph Bichards, Jonathan Newcomb) ; 1827, Bunker Hill Association, Solomon Williard, agent ; 1827, Samuel Martin ; 1828, Thomas Hollis ; 1829, Newcomb Brothers (Jona A. and Samuel New comb) ; 1829, Richards & Munn (Joseph Richards, Luther Munn) ;. 1834, Thomas Hollis, Jr. ; 1834-42, Wright & Barker (Henry Barker and Abel Wright) ; 1842-64, Barker, Wright & Co.; 1866, Henry Barker & Sons; 1835, 0. T. Rogers & Co. (O. T. Rogers, Jacob BuntoD, Samuel Babcock, and Noah Cum mings) ; 1836, Moore, Day & Co. ; 1836, A. J. Moshier & Co. ; 1836, Beal & Frederick (Horace Beal and Eleazer Frederick) ; 1837, Frederick & Field (E. Frederick and William Field) ; 1838, New York Ex change Company, Solomon Williard, agent; 1840, Richards, Munn & Co. (Joseph Richards, Luther Munn, Lysander Richards, and John S. Lyons) ; 1844, J. B. Whicher & Co. (J. B. Whicher, O. E. Shelden, J. Jameson, and Samuel Ely). The following are also engaged in the quarrying business: Josiah Bemis, Joel Bemis, George Fol- lett, Thomas Drake ; Greenleaf Quarry : James New comb worked in the South and North Commons ; B. Newcomb, J. Newcomb, and ,S. Newcomb, in the South Common; Ezra Beals worked the Gass Quarry, now worked by Field & Wild; William Pacher worked the Pacher Quarry, now worked by C. H. Hardwick & Co. ; Samuel Martin, Thomas Hollis, Thomas Hollis & Flanders, Rattlesnake Quarry, now worked by O. T. Rogers & Co. ; Bass Quarry, now worked by Frederick & Field ; William M. Kidder also worked the Bass Quarry, John L. Dutton also worked the Gass Quarry, and Ezra Badger worked near Mount Ararat, now operated by Churchill & Co.; Frederick J. Fuller, James Garrety, Lewis Dell & Co., Carris & Co., William Shay & Son, McKenzie & Patterson, Mitchel Granite- Works, Badger Brothers, P. F. Lacy, Harris Farnum. Adam Vogle & Son, J. S. Vogle, Miller & Luce, McDonald Brothers, Merrymount Granite Co., McGrath Brothers, and numerous others, embracing probably nearly one hun dred firms engaged in the various branches of the business.REPRESENTATIVES TO GENERAL COURT FROM 1792 TO 1884 1792. Peter Boylston Adams, Esq. 1840 Henry Wood. 1793. Voted not to send. 1841 William B. Duggan. 1794. Peter Boylston Adams, Esq. 1842 John Gregory. 1735. Benjamin Beale, Esq. 1843 No choice. 1796. Voted not to send. 1844 Voted not to send. 1797. Moses Black, Esq. 1845 No choice. 1798. Benjamin Beale, Esq. 1846 No choice. 1799-1802. Moses Black. 1847. No choice. 1803. Voted not to send. 1848. George Marsh. 1804. Moses Black. 1849. Voted not to send. 1805. Thomas B. Adams. 1850. Joseph W. Robertson 1806. Benjamin Beale. George Margh. 1807. Voted not to send. 1851. No choice. 1808-11. Thomas Greenleaf. 1852. Noah Cummings. 1812-20. Thomas Greenleaf. Frederick A. Trask. Benjamin Beale. 1853. No choice. 1821. Edward Miller. 1854. Wyman Abercrombie Noah Curtis. Thomas C. Webb. 1822. Voted not to send. 1855. Wyman Abercrombie 1823-24. Edward Miller. William W. Baxter. 1825. Peter Whitney. 1856. George L. Gill. 1826. Voted not to send. Francis M. Johnson. 1827. John Whitney. 1857. Franklin Curtis. 1828-30. John Souther. 1858. William S. Morton. 1831. John Souther. 1859. Jonathan Jameson. Edward Glover. 1860. Charles Marsh. 1832. Thomas Taylor. 1861. Noah Cummings. Edward Glover. 1862. John Chamberlin. 1833. Thomas Taylor. 1863. Henry Barker. Edward Glover. 1864. Henry H. Faxon. John Souther. 1866. John Quincy Adams. 1834-35. Thomas Taylor. 1866. George L. Gill. Edward Glover. 1867. John Quincy Adams. Harvey Field. 1868. Henry Barker. 1836. Harvey Field. 1869. Edmund B. Taylor. 1837. John Whitney. 1870. John Quincy AdamB. 1838. William B. Duggau. 1871. Henry H. Faxon. Lemuel Spear. 1872. James A. Stetson. James Newcomb. 1873. John Quincy AdamB. 1839. Nathaniel White. 1874. William A. Hodges. George Baxter. 1875. John D. Whicher. Ebenezer Bent. In 1876 a change was made in the representative districts. Quincy and Weymouth were united and allowed three representatives. Since then the fol lowing have been elected, viz. : 1876.— Henry F. Barker, of Quincy; Benjamin S, Lovell, George F. Hayden, of Weymouth. 1877.— Edwin W. MarBh, of Quincy ; Benjamin S. Lovell, George T. Hayden, of Weymouth. 1878.— Edwin W. MarBh, Edwin B. Pratt, of Quincy ; Freeman Hollis, of Weymouth. APPENDIX. 981 879.— Edwin B. Pratt, of Quincy ; Nathan D. Canterbury, Louis A. Cook, of Weymouth. 880.— Charles H. Porter, James Edwards, of Quincy ; Nathan B. Can terbury, of Weymouth. 881.— Charles H. Porter, of Quincy ; Francis A. Bicknell, Nathan D. Canterbury, of Weymouth. 882.— William G. A. Pattee, Willian N. Eaton, and George A. Barker, all of Quincy. ;. — William G. A. Pattee, William N, Eaton, of Quincy ; George A. Cushing, of Weymouth. QUINCY'S QUOTA, 1861-1866. Compiled from the Adjutant- General's Records, Three Months' Service, 1861. FOURTH REGIMENT INFANTRY M. Y. M. Mustered in the United States service, April 22, 1861, for three months, and discharged July 22, 1861. Abner B. Packard, col. ; Henry M. Saville, surg. ; William L. Faxon, assist, surg. ; Henry Walker, adjt. Franklin Cartis, capt. Edward A. Spear, 1st lieut. Benjamin F. Meservey, 2d lieut. Charles F. Pray, 1st sergt. Matthew M. C. Chubbuck, sergt John Williams, sergt. Company S. Robert Monk, sergt. William H. H. Lapham, corp. Thomas Smith, corp, William S. Wilbur, corp. Morton Packard, corp. Privates. Brockett, Caleb. Chubbuck, David T. Colburn, Lemuel A. Dowd, JameB J. Feltis, William H. French, Daniel F. Gibson, George W. Hayden, George L. Jameson, Charles H. Josselyn, Robert. Kimball, Howard M.1 Lamson, John H. Lapham, Frederick A. Lapham, Joseph A. Larkin, John. Marden, Frank M. Nightingale, Alonzo A. Nightingale, Samuel A. Nutting, Charles A. Nutting, Edward W. H. Perkins, Edward L. Pope, Alexander P. Pope, William 0. Reynolds, William W. Riley, Charles D. Rideout, Luke A. Shaw, Horatio E. Spear, Warren Q. Totman, Freeman M, Turner, Henry C.1 Turner, John B.1 Wildman, Henry G. The following were recruited to fill up the company, were mustered in May 22, 1861, and served two months : George W. Pope, drum-major. Albert Keating, musician. Privates. Bent, Luther S. Bent, F.Edward. Barker, Henry F. Bass, Benjamin F. Baxter, William H. Brown, Edwin. Burrill, David J. Chubbuck, Percy, Jr. Cleverly, George F. Cunningham, James H. Cummings, Noah L. Damon, Edward, Jr. Enderle, Joseph S. Ewell, Lendell H. Fisher, Richard H. Furnald, Alonzo. Glover, Nathaniel E. Hunt, Charles N. Josephs, Freeman. Joyce, Edwin L. Margue, Peter P. Newcomb, Peter. Nightingale, Wyman B. Parker, John, Jr. Pierce, Charles E. Prior, Hiram B. Sheen, William G. Spear, Christopher A. Souther, Francis L.2 Souther, Horace 0. FIFTH BEGIMENT INFANTRY M. V. M., Company G. Southern, George G. SIXTH BEGIMENT INFANTRY M. V. M., Company E. Whitney, John. l Non-resident. 2 Died from wounds received at battle of Big Bethel. Three Years' Service. FIBST BEGIMENT INFANTRY M. V. Sampson, Charles M., Co. D, must. May 24, 1861 ; disch. November, 1865 ; pro. capt. and A.Q.M., U. S. V. Bent, Luther M., Co. I, must. May 24, 1861 ; died Oct. 1, 1862. Kidder, George E , Co. I, must. May 24, 1861 ; disch. May 25, 1864. SECOND BEGIMENT INFANTRY M. V. Nutting, Abel, Band, must. May 25, 1861 ; disch. Sept. 8, 1862, Watson, Benjamin, Band, must. May 25, 1861 ; disch. Sept. 8, 1862. Starbuck, George, Co. E, must. May 25, 1861 ; died Feb. 24, 1863. Billings, James D., Co. G, must. May 25, 1861 ; disch. Feb. 4, 1863. Cronin, John, Co. G, must. May 25, 1861 ; disch. Oct. 17, 1863. Moriarty, Dennis, Co. G, must. May 25, 1861; died April 1, 1862. O'Connell, Andrew, Co. G, must. May 25, 1861 ; disch. July 26, 1863. O'Connell, Maurice, Co. G, must. May 25, 1861 ; disch. July 26, 1863. Scannell, James, Co. G, must. May 25, 1861; disch. April 22, 1863. Toal, John, Co. G, must. May 25, 1861 ; disch. May 28, 1864. Hathaway, George B., Co. G, must. Aug. 29, 1864; disch. July 14, 1865. Alston, Michael, Johnson, William, Lomas, William, unassigued recruits, must. Juue 15, 1864, but never joined the regiment. SEVENTH BEGIMENT INFANTRY M. V. Hetherstou, Martin C, sergt. Co. E, must. June 15, 1861 ; disch. Dec. 26, 1863, to re-enlist. ; re-enl. Dec. 27, 1863 ; trans, to 37th Inf. June 14, 1864. Keegan, Stephen J., Co. E, must. June 15, 1861 ; disch. June 27, 1864. NINTH REGIMENT INFANTRY M. V. Dasey, Daniel, Co. A, must. Feb. 4, 1862; deserted April 29, 1863. Kirvan, Thomas, Co. A, June 11, 1861 ; deserted Aug. 21, 1863. Buchan, William, Co. B, must. Fob. 18, 1862; trana. to 32d Inf. June 9, 1864. Mclntire, William, Co. B, must. June 11, 1861 ; deserted June 29, 1863. Burke, William, Co. C, must. Fob. 11, 1862; trans, to 32d Inf. June 10, 1864. O'Mahony, Daniel, Co. C, must. Feb. 26, 1862 ; trans, to 32d Inf. June 10, 1804. O'Neal, Patrick, Co. C, must. June 11, 1861 ; deserted Aug. 28, 1802. Messer, Charles E., Co. D, must. June 11, 1861 ; disch. March 20, 1863. Daveron, Michael, Co. E, must June 11, 1861 ; disch. June 21, 1864. Enright, Michael, Co. E, must. June 11, 1861 ; died Jan. 11, 1863. Fenton, Michael, Co. E, must. June 11, 1861; trans, to 17th Inf. Nolo, James P., Co. E, muet. Aug. 20, 1863; killed May 12, 1864. McGann, John, Co. G, must. Feb. 5, 1862; disch. March 6, 1863. Doran, Andrew, corp., Co. I, must. June 11, 1861 ; disch. Feb. 12, 1863. Cullen, John, Co. I, must. June 11, 1861 ; disch. Nov. 19, 1862. Mundy, Bernard, Co. I, must. June 11, 1861 ; disch. Sept. 21, 1861. Flynn, Joseph, Co. K, must. June 11, 1861; killed May 5, 1864. Naphut, Mathias, Co. K, must. Aug. 21, 1863; trans, to 32d Inf. ELEVENTH REGIMEXT INFANTRY M. V. Bicker, John W., Co. A, must. Juub 13, 1861 ; disch. Dec. 28, 1863, to re-enlist; re-enl. Dec. 29, 1863 ; disch. July 14, 1865. Connell, John, Co. C, must. June 13, 1861 ; diech. June 24, 1864. Fallon, Thomas, Co. D, must. June 13, 1861 ; disch. Sept. 21, 1863. Scott, John, Co. E, must. June 13,1861 ; disch. June 24, 1864. Howe, Belcher S., Corp., Co. F, must. Dec. 26, 1863 ; disch. July 14, 1865 ; trans, from 16th Inf. Quincy, Charles 0., Co. F, must. June 13, 1861; disch. June 17, 1864; trans, to V. B. 0. July 16, 1S63. Wood, Henry A., Co. F, must. June 13, 1861 ; missing Aug. 29, 1862. Bent, George A., Co. H, must. June 13, 1861; discb. June 21, 1864; trans, to V. R. C. Sept. 12, 1863. Bent, John Q., Co. H, must. June 13, 1861; disch. June 24, 1864. Ryan, Peter, Co. H, must. June 13, 1861 ; disch. August, 1865 ; trans, to D. S.A.Nov. 1,1862. White, Henry C, Co. I, muBt. June 13, 1861; disch. June 14, 1864; trans, to V. R. C. Aug. 24, 1863. Maloney, Thomas, Co. K, must. Aug. 14, 1863; died March 13, 1864. TWELFTH REGIMENT INFANTRY M. V. Manning, Michael, sergt., Co. 0, must. June 21, 1861 ; disch. April 1, 1864. Thayer, William F., Co. C, must. June 21, 1861 ; disch. Dec. 4, 1863. Pratt, J. Wesley, Co. D, must. July 10, 1863 ; disch. Jan. 4, 1864. 982 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. Phillips, George L., Co. E, must. June 26, 1861 ; disch. July 8, 1864. Wright, George W., sergt., Co. K, must. June 26, 1861; disch. July 8, 1864. THIRTEENTH REGIMENT INFANTRY M. V. Holden, Henry A., Co. A, must. July 16, 1861; killed Aug. 30, 1862. Bigelow, Loring, Corp., Co. B, must. July 16, 1861 ; died Oct. 18, 1862. Field, William A., Co. B, must. July 16, 1861; diech. June 25, 1862. Stetson, Warren B., Co. B, must. July 16, 1861 ; disch. Dec. 30, 1862. Brown, Frank, Co. G, must. July 28, 1863 ; trans, to navy April 23, 1864. FIFTEENTH REGIMENT INFANTRY M. V. Moore, Henry, Co. G, must. Aug. 1, 1863 ; deserted April 18, 1864. SIXTEENTH REGIMENT INFANTRY M. V. Hart, Bernard, corp., Co. A, must. July 2, 1861 ; disch. Oct. 12, 1863. Gallagher, Edward, Co. C, must. Aug. 17, 1863 ; deserted Feb. 27, 1864. Bowditch, Joseph E., Co. F, must. Dec. 23, 1861 ; disch. Aug. 26, 1863. Howe, Belcher S.. Corp., Co. I, must. Dec. 23, 1861 ; disch. Dec. 26, 1863, to re-enlist; re-enl. Dec. 27, 1863 ; traus. to 11th Inf. July 11, 1864. SEVENTEENTH BEGIMENT INFANTRY M. V. Maley, Melville, sergt., Co. D, must. Sept. 20, 1864; disch. June 30, 1865. Briggs, William H., Co. D, must. Sept. 13, 1864; disch. June 30, 1865 ; trans, from 2d Heavy Artillery. Fenton, Michael, Co. D, must. March 10, 1862; disch. May 9, 1863. Fallon, Patrick, Co. E, must. Jan. 26,1862; disch. March 14, 1864, to re- enlist. Usher, James, Co. E, must. Jan. 20, 1862 ; disch. April 3, 1863. Murphy, James B., corp., Co. G, must. Sept. 2, 1864; disch. June 30, 1865 ; trans, from 2d Heavy Artillery. EIGHTEENTH REGIMENT INFANTRY M. V. Meservey, Benjamin F., 1st lieut., must. Aug. 20, 1861; disch. Sept. 2, 1864 ; pro. capt. Oct. 24, 1862 ; brev. maj. Hunt, James W., Co. A, must. Sept. 23, 1861 ; disch. Jan. 25, 1862. Hunt, Harrison S., Co. C, must. Jan. 14, 1862; diBch. Aug. 20, 1862. Dowd, James J., Co. E, must. Aug. 24, 1861; disch. Sept. 2, 1864. Snell, Aaron H., Co. E, must. Feb. 16, 1864; killed June 3, 1864. Gummings, Charles, Co. F, must. Aug. 24, 1861 ; disch. Jan. 24, 1863. Schmidt, William, Co. F, must. Aug. 24, 1863; deserted Sept. 16, 1863. Company K. Pray, Charles F., let sergt., muBt. Aug. 24, 1861; pro. sergt.-maj., 2d lieut., 1st lieut., capt. ; killed June 3, 1864. Bent, Luther S., sergt., must. Aug. 24, 1861 ; disch. Oct. 4, 1864; pro. 2d lieut., 1st lieut., capt., maj. Pratt, John A., sergt., must. Aug. 24, 1861 ; disch. Feb. 15, 1864, to re- enlist; re-enl. Feb. 16, 1864; disch. Sept. 2, 1864; pro. 1st lieut. Smith, Thomas, Corp., must Aug. 24, 1861 ; discb. Jan. 26, 1863. Carver, Charles W., corp., must. Aug. 24, 1861 ; died Nov. 26, 1862. Chubbuck, James, Corp., must. Aug. 24, 1861 ; disch. Feb. 15, 1864, to re-enliBt; re-enl. Feb. 16, 1864; killed June 3, 1864. Packard, Morton, Corp., must. Aug. 24, 1861 ; disch. Feb. 15, 1864, to re- enlist; re-enl. Feb. 16, 1864; trans, to 32d Inf.; died Oct. 20, 1864. Spear, Warren Q., Corp., must. Aug. 24, 1861 ; disch. Jan. 6, 1863. Jameson, Charles H., corp., must. Aug. 24, 1861 ; disch. Sept. 2, 1864; pro. 1st sergt. Marden, Frank M., Corp., must. Aug. 24, 1861 ; disch. Sept. 2, 1864. Harrington, Leonard B., must. Aug. 24, 1861; died May 22, 1862. Nouree, Hiram P., must. Aug. 24, 1861 ; disch. Sept. 2, 1864. Nutting, Charles A., must. Aug. 24,1861; disch. Feb. 8, 1864, to re-enlist; re-enl. Feb. 9, 1864; trans, to 32d Inf. Oct. 26, 1864. White, John, must. Aug. 24, 1861; disch. Feb. 16, 1864, to re-enliBt; re- enl. Feb. 16, 1864; trans, to 32d Inf. Oct. 26, 1864. Cain, Edward, must. Aug. 24, 1861 ; discb. Sept. 2, 1864. Chubbuck, Frank G., must. Aug. 24, 1861 ; died Oct. 7, 1863. Dow, Lorenzo, must. Aug. 24, 1861 ; diBch. Feb. 15, 1864, to re-enlist; re-enl. Feb. 16, 1864; trans, to 32d Inf. Oct. 26, 1864. Flanigan, Michael, must. Aug. 24, 1861 ; disch. Sept. 2, 1864. Foster, Greenleaf, must. Aug. 24, 1861; died March 3, 1864. French, Daniel F., must. Aug. 24, 1861 ; diech. Nov. 8, 1862. Gibson, Edward J., most. Aug. 24, 1861; died Oct. 24, 1862. Golding, JameB, must. Aug. 24, 1861 ; disch. April 19, 1864. Howard, Alonzo, muBt. Aug. 24, 1861 ; disch. March 3, 1863. Jones, Joshua, must. Aug. 24, 1861 ; disch. Sept. 2, 1864. Lapham, Joseph A., must. Aug. 24, 1861 ; diBch. Feb. 28, 1863. Marque, Peter, must. Aug. 24, 1861 ; killed Aug. 30, 1862. McKay, Duncan, must. Aug. 24, 1861 ; disch. Sept. 2, 1864. Packard, Henry F., must. Aug. 24, 1861 ; died Jan. 3, 1863. Perkins, Edward L., must. Aug. 24, 1861; disch. Sept. 2, 1864. O'Connell, Thomas, muBt. Aug. 24, 1861 ; disch. Feb. 29, 1864. Pierce, Samuel, must. Aug. 24, 1861 ; killed Aug. 30, 1862. Pope, Alexander P., must. Aug. 24, 1861 ; disch. Feb. 15, 1864, to re-enlist; re-enl. Feb. 16, 1864 ; trans, to 32d Inf.. Oct. 26, 1864. Pope, William 0., must. Aug. 24, 1861 ; drowned Jan. 23, 1864. Rideout, Luke A., must. Aug. 24, 1861 ; disch. Nov. 15, 1862. Swan, Charles S., must. Aug. 24, 1861 ; disch. Dec. 10, 1862. Tracy, Edward L., must. Aug. 24, 1861; deserted May 5, 1862. Walsh, Peter, must. Aug. 24, 1861 ; disch. Jan. 1, 1863. NINETEENTH REGIMENT INFANTRY M. V. Chubbuck, David T., Co. K, must. Aug. 28, 1861 ; disch. Dec. 30, 1864; pro. 2d lieut., lBt lieut. Toomey, Michael, Co. I, muBt. May 19, 1864; disch. June 30, 1865. TWENTIETH REGIMENT INFANTRY M. V. Leland, Morace F., Co. A, must. July 19, 1862; deserted August, 1863. Hanifan, John, Co B, must. July 22, 1861 ; disch. July 27, 1865 ; trans. to V. R. C. Feb. 15, 1864. Wildman, Henry G., Co. B, must. Aug. 6,1861; dishonorably discharged by court-martial, Jan. 20, 1863. Derry, Horace A., sergt., Co. D ; must. July 18, 1861; disch. Jan. 6,1863; pro. 2d lieut., declined commission. Dag, John, Co. D, must. March 30, 1864; killed June 8, 1864. Luzarder, Joseph, must. July 18, 1861 ; disch. Dec. 22, 1861. Holbrook, Alden H., Co. D, must. July 18, 1861 ; disch. Dec. 20, 1863, to re-enlist; re-enl. Dec. 21, 1863; disch. July 16, 1865. Cummings, Noah L., Co. E, must. Feb. 26, 1862 ; disch. March 12, 1864, to re-enlist; re-enl. March 13, 1864; killed May 6, 1864. McGowan, John, Co. E, must. July 22, 1861 ; killed Juno 30, 1862. O'Neil, Cornelius, Co. E, must. Aug. 24, 1861 ; deserted March, 1862. Williams, Evan, Co. F, must. Aug. 27, 1862; disch. March 18, 1863. Hetherston, Martin C, Co. K, must. Dec. 27, 1863 ; disch. July 16, 1865 ; trans, from 37th Inf. McGuire, John, must. Aug. 7, 1863; no record. TWENTY-FIRST REGIMENT INFANTRY M. V. Gibson, George W., corp., Co. C, must. Aug. 23, 1861 ; pro. 2d lieut. July 29, 1862 ; 1st lieut. Sept. 2, 1862 ; dismissed the service June 5, 1863. Colburn, Lemuel A, Co. O, muBt. Aug. 23, 1861 ; died Nov. 11, 1862. TWENTY-SECOND REGIMENT INFANTRY M. Y. Kennedy, James, Co. C, must. June 18, 1864; trans, to 32d Inf. Oct. 26, 1864. Badger, Leone C, Co. F, must. July 17, 1863 ; trans, to 32d Inf. Oct. 26, 1864. Fletcher, Frederick F, Co. F, must. Aug. 10, 1861 ; died Aug. 24, 1864. Trainer, Thomas, Co. K, must. Oct. 1, 1861; disch. October, 1864; trans. to V. R. C. Sept. 1, 1863. TWENTY-THIRD REGIMENT INFANTRY M. V. Barker, Charles A., Co. C, must. Oct. 9, 1861 ; disch. Oct. 13, 1864. Jones, Alonzo, Co. H, must. Sept. 28, 1861 ; disch. Sept. 15, 1862. Jones, William, Co. H, must. Dec. 6, 1861 ; died April 9, 1862. Ryan, James, Co. H, must. Dec. 6, 1861 ; killed March 14, 1862. TWENTY-FOURTH REGIMENT INFANTRY M. V. Guptil, John A., Co. A, must. Dec. 21, 1863 ; disch. Jan. 20, 1866. Egan, William, Co. A, must. Sept. 17, 1861: disch. Sept. 17, 1864. Howley, John W., Co. A, must. Nov. 14, 1861 ; disch. Dec. 20, 1863, to re-enlist ; re-enl. Dec. 21, 1863 ; disch. Jan. 10, 1865. McNulty, Michael, Co. A, must. Nov. 14, 1861; disch. Dec. 20, 1863, to re-enlist. Brent, William H., Co.. B, must. Oct. 1, 1861; disch. Dec. 18,1863, to re-enlist ; re-eul. Dec. 19, 1863; disch. January, 1866; trans, to V. R. C. April 17, 1865. White, George, Co. B, must. Dec. 19, 1863 ; disch. Jan. 20, 1866. Furnald, Alonzo, Co. C, must. Oct. 8, 1861; disch. Jan. 3, 1864, to re- enlist. Chubbuck, Perez, Co. C, must. Oct. 21, 1861; disch. Jan. 3, 1864, to re- enlist. Conly, John, Co. C, must. Jan. 4, 1864; disch. Jan. 20, 1866. Gray, Samuel B., Co. C, must. Jan. 4, 1864; killed Aug. 16, 1864. APPENDIX. 983 Souther, George G., Co. C, must. Sept. 10, 1861 ; disch. July 8, 1863. Martin, John W., Co. D, must. Nov. 29, 1801 ; disch. Jan. 1, 1864, to re- enlist. Luzarder, John, Co. F, must. Nov. 2, 1861 ; disch. July 15, 1862. Newcomb, Thomas J., Co. F, must. Oct. 19, 1861 ; disch. Jan. 16, 1864. Nightingale, Alonzo A., Co. G, must. Sept. 10, 1861 ; disch. Jan. 3, 1864, to re-enlist ; re-enl. Jan. 4, 1864; disch. June 16, 1865. Lawless, Richard, Corp., Co. G, must. Sept. 11, 1861; killed Dec. 16, 1862. Trask, Henry, corp., Co. G, must. Sept. 24, 1861 ; died June 3, 1862. Hurley, David, Co. G, must. Sept. 19, 1861 ; disch. Sept. 19, 1864. Lingham, George H., Co. G, must. Dec. 3, 1861 ; disch. July 15, 1862. McDermot, Martin, Co. G, must. Oct. 7, 1861 ; disch. Jan. 3, 1864, to re- enlist; re-enl. Jan. 4, 1864; diBch. Jan. 20, 1866. Mclntire, Lewis G., Co. G, must. Sopt. 24, 1861 ; diech. Jan. 3, 1864, to re-enlist; re-enl. Jan. 4, 1864; disch. July 20, 1865. Wilbur, William S., Co. G, must. Sept. 10, 1861 ; disch. Jan. 3, 1864, to re- enlist; re-enl. Jan. 4, 1864; diBch. Jan. 20, 1866. TWENTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INFANTRY M. V. Russell, Edward, assist, surg.; must. July 29, 1862; disch, April 30, 1863. Kehoe, John, Co. I, must. Sept. 21, 1861 ; died Aug. 17, 1862. TWENTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT INFANTRY M. V. McGann, Thomas W., Co. A, must. Dec. 13, 1861 ; died Dec. 24, 1864. Riley, William T., Co. A, must. Dec. 30, 1861 ; diech. Dec. 19, 1864. Martin, John, Co. B, must. Aug. 11, 1863 ; disch. Dec. 13, 1864. Daniels, Patrick, Co. C, must. Sept. 27,1864; disch. June 30,1865. Bennett, Osmand, Co. D, must. Jan. 30, 1862 ; killed June 3, 1864. Smith, John, Co. E, must. Aug. 11, 1863 ; disch. June 19, 1865. Barnacle, Peter, Co. G, must. Jan. 3, 1862; disch. Jan. 1,1864, to re- enlist. Ballou, Lawrence, Co. I, must. Dec. 13, 1861 ; disch. Dec. 13, 1864 ; trans. toU. S. A. Nov. 1, 1862. Dorney, Patrick, Co. I, must. Dec. 13, 1861 ; deserted Aug. 25, 1862. Galvin, Michael, Co. I, must. Dec. 26, 1861 ; diech. Jan. 22, 1863. Howley, Patrick, Co. I, must. Dec. 13, 1861 ; disch. Feb. 12, 1863. McLaughlin, Lawrence, Co. I, must. Jan. 1, 1862; disch. Jan. 1, 1864, to re-enlist ; re-enl. Jan. 2, 1864 ; killed June 22, 1864. TWENTY-NINTH REGIMENT INFANTRY M. V. Golden, James, Co. A, must. May 21,1861 ; disch. July 11, 1861. Hodgkinson, Stephen, Co. F, must. Nov. 17, 1861 ; disch. Nov. 14, 1862. Nightingale, Charles L , Co. H, must. Jan. 1, 1862 ; disch. Jan. 1, 1864, to re-enlist. THIRTIETH BEGIMENT INFANTRY M. V. Conner, Michael, Co. A, must. Oct. 9, 1861 ; disch. Feb. 12, 1864, to re- enlist. Donahue, Michael, Co. A, must. Oct. 9, 1861 ; disch. Feb. 12, 1864, to re- enlist. Donahue, Michael, sergt., Co. A, must. Feb. 13, 1864; deserted March 14, 1866. Deady, Edward, Co. A, must. Jan. 1, 1862 ; disch. April 4, 1862. Marrah, Michael, Co. A, must. Nov. 23, 1861 ; disch. Jan. 1, 1864, to re- enlist • re-enl. Jan. 2, 1864 ; deserted April 18, 1864. Smith, Martin, Co. G, must. Dec. 30, 1861 ; disch. June 11, 1863 Smith, Martin, Jr., Co. G, must. Nov. 30, 1861 ; disch. Jan 1, 1864, to re-enlist ; sergt., re-enl. Jan. 2, 1864; disch. July 1, 1864. Parker, Lorenzo D., Co. H, must. Dec. 16, 1861 ; disch. Dec. 8 1892. Brown, John P., Co. I, must. Jan. 2, 1864 ; killed Oct. 19, 1864. THIRTY-SECOND BEGIMENT INFANTRY M. V. Faxon, William L., asst. surg., must. June 2, 1862 ; disch. May 31, 1865 ; pro. surgeon Aug 6. 186^ ^ Mar:hr " 'j^- *¦ ™ ¦' — ¦ di-h- ju- * i865- Pope CharTes i, Oo a\ must. Nov. 6, 1861; disch. Dec. 10, 1864; trans. to y. B. 0 September, 1863 ^ ^ ^ Clark, Benjamin H., Co. A, mu ^ ^ (o ^ Clark, Franklin A. Co. f>™ ^ m enl,rt ; re-enl. Jan. 5, 1^6 ^ ^ ^ Glover, Erastus M Oo. A, mu . ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ Lapham, George F, Co. A, ^ ^ ^ Whitney, Henry Co. A^ust^No ^ ^ ^ Burke, William, Co. C mn£ ^ ^ May ^ O'Mahoney, Daniel, Co. o, mus Buchan, William, Co. D, must. Feb. 18, 1862; disch. Feb. 16, 1865; trans, from 9th Inf. Dow, Lorenzo, Co. D, must. Feb. 16, 1864; disch. June 29, 1865; tranB. from 18th Inf. Newcomb, Bryant, Co. E, must. Sept. 14, 1863 ; died Oct. 21, 1804. Giles, Albert L., sergt., Co. G, muBt. Jan. 5, 1864 ; disch. June 29, 1865. Packard, Morton, Co. H, must. Feb. 16, 1864 ; trans, from 18th Inf. ; died Oct. 20, 1864. Pope, Alexander P., Co. H, must. Feb. 15, 1864; disch. June 29, 1865 ; trans, from 18th Inf. Bichard, John, Co. I, must. Aug. 19, 1862 ; deserted Aug. 10, 1862. Naphut, Mathias, Co. K, must. Aug. 21, 1803 ; disch. June 29, 1865. Badger, Leone C, Co. L, must. July 17, 1863; disch. June 29,1865; trans, from 22d Inf. Kennedy, James, Co. L, must. June 18, 1864 ; disch. May 30, 1865 ; trans, from 22d Inf. Writting, Charles A., must. Feb. 8, 1864; disch. October, 1804; trans. from 18th Inf. White, John, muBt. Feb. 15, 1864 ; disch. October, 1864 ; trans, from 18th Inf. THIRTY-THIRD BEGIMENT INFANTRY M. V. Snowden, James, Co. D, must. June 23, 1864; never joined regiment. Hathaway, George P., Co. G, must. Aug. 29, 1864; disch. July 14, 1865 ; trans, to 2d Inf. June 1, 1865. THIRTY-FIFTH BEGIMENT INFANTRY M. V. Sheen, William G., 2d lieut., must. July 31, 1862 ; disch. Aug. 14, 1862 ; pro. to 1st lieut. 39th Inf. Andrews, Elbridge H., Co. A, must. Aug. 9, 1862 ; disch. Dec. 6, 1862. Bradford, Lewis E., Co. A, must. Aug. 9, 1862 ; disch. June 9, 1865. THIRTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT INFANTRY M. V. Hetherston, Martin O, Co. I, must. Dec. 26, 1863 ; disch. June 21, 1865 ; trans, from 7th Inf. to 20th Inf. THIRTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT INFANTRY M. V. Parker, William, 3d sergt., Co. I, must. Aug. 21, 1862; diBch. June 30, 1865 ; pro. to 2d lieut. October, 1864. Simpson, John E , 3d sergt., Co. I, must. Aug. 21, 1862; disch. June 30, 1865 ; pro. to 2d lieut. October, 1864. Pearce, Thomas L., Corp., Co. I, must. Aug. 21, 1862 ; disch. May 2, 1865. Pearce, George W., Co. I, must. Aug. 21, 1862 ; disch. June 30, 1865. Graham, Charles H., Co. I, must. Aug. 21, 1862; disch. July 5, 1865; trans, to V. R. C. May, 1864. THIRTY-NINTH REGIMENT INFANTRY M. V., Company D. Mustered into United States service Aug. 24, 1862. Spear, Edward A., capt., disch. April 29, 1864 ; did not reach him until Sept. 12, 1864. Sheen, William G., 1st lieut., disch. June 2, 1865; pro. to capt.; brev. major. Porter, Charles H., 2d lieut., disch. June 2, 1865; pro. to 1st lieut., to capt. Ahearn, Thomas, discb. June 2, 1865. Alden, Albert M., disch. Sept. 12, 1863. Alden, Henry A., disch. June 2, 1865. Armstrong, John L., disch. July 18, 1865 ; trans, to V. R. C. Badger, Ezra, died Oct. 14, 1862. Barker, George A., sergt., disch. June 2, 1865 ; pro. to 2d lieut., to 1st lieut. Barry, Benjamin, disch. Nov. 15, 1862. Baxter, Thompson, Jr., disch. April 27, 1865. Brackett, Walter P., disch. July 24, 1865 ; trans, to navy April 22, 1864. Brown, Samuel, sergt., disch. June 2, 1865. Brophy, John, disch. June 2, 1865 ; trans, to V. R. C. Sept. 30, 1863. Burke, Walter, died Dec. 22, 1863. Burns, William H., died Nov. 27,1864. Churchill, ThaddeuB, sergt., disch. Dec. 6, 1864 ; pro. 2d lieut. U. S. Vols. Oct. 5, 1863. Cleverly, George F., disch. Oct. 2, 1863. Christian, James B., disch. Jan. 30, 1863. Colburn, William E., died Feb. IS, 1865. Coffin, Paul G., disch. June 2, 1865. Collier, George W., disch. Jan. 27, 1863. Collins, Michael, disch. June 2, 1865. Crane, Seth, died Dec. 22, 1863. Curtis, Henry, sergt., disch. June 2, 1865. 981 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. Dailey, Garrett, died April 5, 1863. Dailey, Daniel, disch. Sept. 12, IS63. Damon, Edward, Jr., died Jan. 3, 1865. Derry, Barden B., disch. June 2, 1865 ; pro. 1st sergt. De ForreBt, Samuel D., disch. July 14, 1865. Doner, John, disch. Feb. 27, 1863. Donley, James, killed Feb. 6, 1865. Dickerman, Charles C, Corp., died Jan. 25, 1865. Dunn, Arthur, died Jan. 28, 1864. Durgin, Jonathan C, died Jan. 5, 1865. Ela, Eiisha I. C, killed May 8, 1864. Enderle, Joseph L., corp., disch. June 2, 1865. Fineran, Patrick, disch. June 2, 1865. Forbes, James E., disch. June 2, 1865. Fowles, Theodore W., disch. May 30, 1865. French, Joseph T., disch. April 10, 1865. Garvin, Patrick, disch. June 2, 1865. Gavin, Patrick H., Corp., disch. June 28, 1865; pro. sergt. ; trans, to V. R. C. Feb. 3, 1865. Groves, George D., deserted Sept. 14, 1862. Hayden, Joseph W., disch. June 2, 1863. Hayden, Josiah, Jr., disch. June 2, 1863. Hayden, Joseph P., Corp., disch. June 2, 1865. Hersey, George W., disch. June 5, 1865; trans, to navy April 22, 1864. Hill, John, Jr., disch. June 2, 1865. Hobbs, John J., disch. April 3, 1863. Horgan, Cornelius, deBerted May 2, 1863. Howley, Thomas, disch. June 2, 1863. Howley, Thomas, Jr., disch. Juue 2, 1865. Hughes, James, died May 13, 1864. Huntress, Eiisha W\, disch. May 8, 1865. Huntress, Truman H., discb. June 2, 1865. Kelly, James, disch. May 20, 1865. Kelly, John, died July 25, 1864. Keniley, Daniel, disch. June 2, 1865. Kittredge, Josiah N., died April 23, 1864. Leavitt, Chase F., disch. June 2, 1865; pro. sergt. Luzarder, Joseph M., killed Aug. 18, 1864. Luzarder, Moses S-, disch. Jan. 29, 1863. Lunt, Theodore H., died Oct. 23, 1864. Mahoney, James, disch. June 30, 1865 ; trans, to V. R. C. March 13, 1865. McCarthy, John, disch. June 2, 1865. McGlone, Michael, died May 12, 1864. Miller, George L., disch. Jan. 29, 1S63. Miller, Charles H., disch. March 12, 1864. Moran, Patrick, disch. June 7, 1865. Moriarty, John, disch. June 3, 1865. Morrison, Sylvander, disch. June 2, 1865. Newcomb, Henry A., Corp., died Dec. 23, 1864. Newcomb, Harrison G. 0., disch. Feb. 11, 1863. Newcomb, Isaac T., disch. Jan. 29, 1863. Nightingale, Frederick M., disch. Dec. 16, 1862. Nightingale, Samuel A., Corp., disch. Aug. 19, 1864, O'Brien, Timothy, diBch. June 15, 1865. Parrott, Albert, disch. June 2, 1865. Parrott, Luther H., disch. June, 1865; trans, to navy April 22, 1864. Percival, George P., disch. June 2, 1865. Perkins, Charles N., disch. June 2, 1865 ; pro. 2d lieut., 1st lieut. Perry, Samuel N., died March 31, 1864. Pierce, Eli, died April 3, 1865. Roach, Maurice, diBch. May 31, 1865. Rodgers, Horace C, disch. June 9, 1865. Russ, George W., disch. June 2, 1865. Russell, George A., disch. November, 1865; trans, to V. R. C. Sept. 16, 1863. Savil, George W„ died Dec. 5, 1864. Shavlin, Hugh, disch. June 30, 1865. Sheehan, Jeremiah, disch. June 2, 1865. Simonds, William, corp., disch. June 2, 1865. Taylor, Marcus, disch. June 2, 1865; pro. sergt. Thayer, Thomas J. H., disch. March 2, 1865. Thomas, Erasmus, died March 14, 1865. Trask, George W., disch. June 8, 1865. Willett, George A., disch. Jan. 31, 1863. Williams, John, sergt., disch. Nov. 19, 1862. Wood, Thomas, killed June 19, 1864. Young, William J., disch. June 2, 1865. FIFTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INFANTRY M. V. Kerrigan, Joseph, Co. C, must. March 1, 1864; deserted. Luzarder, John, Co. D, must. Dec. 29, 1863 ; disch. July 12, 1865. French, Daniel F., sergt., Co. E., must. Jan. 12, 1864; disch. June 28, 1865 ; pro. sergt.-maj., 2d lieut , 1st lieut. Bartlett, Edward A., Co. E, must. Jan. 12, 1864; disch. July 12, 1865. Turner, Samuel B., Co. E, muBt. Jan. 12, 1864 ; disch. July 12, 1865. Usher, James (2d), Co. E, must. Jan. 12, 1864; disch. July 12, 1865. Keenan, Matthew, Co. H, must. March 19, 1864; died July 30, 1864. FIFTY-EIGHTH BEGIMENT INFANTRY M. V. Loud, Francis P., Co. E, must. March 1, 1864; disch. July 14, 1865. VETERAN RESERVE CORPS. Dewoody, Mortimer L., must. Sept. 3, 1864 ; no record of discharge. Donnovan, Timothy, must. Aug. 31, 1864; no record of discharge. Flaherty, William, muBt. Aug. 31, 1864; no record of discharge. Lowney, Dennis, must. Aug. 31, 1864; disch. Nov. 30, 1865. SECOND BATTERY LIGHT ARTILLERY M. V. Mustered in July 31, 1861; discharged Aug. 16, 1864. Wadsworth, George W., Corp., disch. September, 1861. O'Grady, Joseph, bugler. Bolton, Joseph F., disch. April 16, 1862. French, Loring A. Munroe, Thomas, disch . Feb. 7, 1862. Taylor, John, disch. May 20, 1863. Tiernay, Michael. THIRD BATTERY LIGHT ARTILLERY M. V. Follett, William H., sergt , must. Sept. 5, 1861 ; pro. 2d lieut. ; disch. March 12, 1865. Follett, Charles A., Corp., must. Sept. 5, 1861 ; trans, to 5th Light Bat tery Sept. 1, 1864. FOURTH BATTERY LIGHT ARTILLERY M. V. Mustered June 9, 1864 ; discharged October, 1865. Hastings, William, q.-m. sergt. McGrath, John, corp. FIFTH BATTERY LIGHT ARTILLERY M. V. Spear, Joseph E., sergt., must. Sopt. IS, 1861 ; disch. Oct. 3, 1864; pro. 1st lieut. Baxter, William H., corp., must. Sept. IS, 1861 ; disch. Oct. 3, 1864. Follett, Charles A.,i corp., must. Dec. 24, 1863; disch. June 12, 1865. Shackley, Jonas, corp., must. Aug. 15, 1862; disch. June 17, 1865; pro. 1st lieut. Heavy Art. Brown, Edward A.,i must. Dec. 15, 1861 ; disch. June 12, 1865. Lapham, Frederick A., must. Sept. 25, 1861 ; disch. Oct. 6, 1862. Lapham, William H. H., must. Feb. 28, 1862; killed June 3, 1864. Shaw, Horatio E., must. Sept. 16, 1861 ; diBch. Oct. 3, 1864. Whicher, Joseph R., must. Sept. 27, 1861 ; disch. Sept. 27, 1864. SIXTH BATTERY LIGHT ARTILLERY M. V. Chubbuck, Matthew M. C, sergt., must. Dec. 24, 1861 ; disch. Jan. 6, 1864, to re-enlist ; re-enl. Jan. 5, 1864 ; disch. Feb. 5, 1865. Riley, Charles D., sergt., must. Dec. 27,1861 ; died Oct. 19, 1863. Smith, James, must. Dec. 1, 1861 ; disch. Jan. 5, 1864, to re-enlist ; re-enl. as corp. Jan. 6, 1864 ; deserted May 20, 1864. Farrell, Peter, must. Dec. 11, 1861 ; disch. Jan. 6, 1S64, to re-enlist; re- enl. Jan. 6, 1864 ; deserted May 20, 1S64. NINTH BATTERY LIGHT ARTILLERY M. V. Glover, Samuel C, must. Aug. 10, 1862 ; disch. June 6, 1865. Merritt, Quincy A., must. Aug. 10, 1862; disch. June 6, 1865. FOURTEENTH BATTERY LIGHT ARTILLERY M. V. Rich, Isaiah, Jr., must. Feb. 17, 1864; disch. July 13, 1865. FIRST REGIMENT HEAVY ARTILLERY M. V. O'Riordan, John D., Co. H, must. Aug. 15, 1864 ; disch. June 18, 1865. Company L. Algoa, Adam, must. March 10, 1862; disch. March 15, 1864, to re-enlist; re-enl. March 16, 1864; disch. March 18, 1865. 1 Re-enlisted after two years' service. APPENDIX. 985 Basley, George W., must. March 11. 1864 ; died Aug. 5, 1864. Bradford, Lewis E., must, March 31, 1862; disch. March 31, 1864, to re- enlist. Conlin, Timothy, must. March 19, 1862 ; disch. March 20, 1864, to re- enlist. Hayden, Richard B., must. March 18, 1862; died April 10, 1862. HodgkinBOn, William, must. March 6, 1862; disch. March 9, 1864, to re- enlist ; re-enl. March 10, 1864; disch. May 5, 1865. Kelly, James, must. March 13, 1862 ; disch. March 13, 1864, to re-enlist. Sheahan, Timothy, must. March 18, 1862 ; disch. March 21, 1864, to re- enlist. Ward, Cornelius, must. April 4, 1862 ; disch. Jau. 6, 1863. Wayland, Thomas H., must. March 17, 1862 ; disch. March 16, 1864, to re-enlist. Wildman, Wilson, must. March 18, 1862 ; disch. March 18, 1865. Company M. Burrell, William L„ must. March 3, 1862; disch. March 16, 1864, to re- enlist. Hayden, Joseph W., must. March 18, 1862; disch. March 21, 1864, to re-enlist; re-enl. March 21, 1864; disch. June 30, 1865. Joyce, Edwin L., must. March 3, 1862 ; disch. March 23, 1864, to re- enlist. Magee, Thomas, must. March 15, 1862 ; disch. March 23, 1861, to re- enlist; re-enl. sergt. March 24, 1864; disch. Aug. 16, 1865. Moore, John W., must. March 19, 1862 ; disch. March 27, 1864, to re- enlist ; re-enl. March 28, 1864; disch. Aug. 16, 1865. Nightingale, James M., must. March 18, 1862 ; disch. March 8, 1865. Packard, Henry, must. March 31, 1862 ; died Nov. 18, 1864. Parker, Alvin I\, must. March 10, 1862; disch. Nov. 6, 1863. Talbot, Peter, must. March 15, 1862; diBch. March 20, 1864, to re-enlist; re-enl. March 21, 1864; deserted August, 1864. Totman, Freeman M., must. March 18, 1862; disch. March 20, 1864 ; re- enl. March 21, 1864 ; died Oct. 9, 1864. Turner, George W., must. March 18, 1862 ; killed June 18, 1864. Whicher, Thomas M., must. March 18, 1862 ; disch. March 30, 1864, to re-enlist. SECOND REGIMENT HEAVY ARTILLERY M. V. Murphy, James, Co. C, must. Sept. 2, 1864; disch. June 30, 1865; trans. to 17th Inf. Jan. 17, 1865. Briggs, William H., Co. F, must. Sept. 13, 1864; disch. June 30,1865; trans, to 17th Inf. Jan. 17,1865. White, Joseph H., Co. F, must. Aug. 24, 1864 ; disch. June 26, 1865. Linnehan, William, Co. H, must. Aug. 9, 1864; disch. June 26, 1865. Mitchell, William, Co. H, must. Aug. 9, 1864; disch. June 26, 1865. Faircloth, John, Co. I, must. Jan. 2, 1864; disch. Aug. 11, 1865. Soule, Lewis M., must. Aug. 24, 1864; disch. Sept. 7, 1864. THIRD REGIMENT HEAVY ARTILLERY M. V. Barrett, William H., must. Aug. 26, 1864; disch. June 17, 1865. FIRST BATTALION HEAVY ARTILLERY M. V. Christian, James A., Co. A, must. March 1, 1862 ; disch. March 6, 1864, to re-enlist. Christian, James A., Co. A, must. March 5, 1864; disch. Oct. 20, 1865. Newcomb, Peter, Co. A, must. Feb. 28, 1862; disch. Feb. 29, 1864, to re- enlist; re-enl. March 1,1864; disch. Oct. 20, 1865. FIRST REGIMENT CAVALRY M. V. Adams, Charles F., Jr., 1st lieut, must. Dec. 19. 1861; pro. capt. Oct. 30, 1862 ; lieut.-col. 5th Cav. July 15, 1864. Brennan, John A., Co. B, must. Aug. 5, 1864 ; disch. Juno 26, 1865. Dooley, Joseph, Co. B, must, Sept 14, 1861. Smith, James H., Co. B, must. Sept. 14, 1861 ; disch. Dec. 20, 1861. Whiting, Charles H., Co. D, must. Sept. 19, 1861 ; disch. Oct. 3, 1864. Feltis, William H, Co. K, must. Sept. 23, 1861 ; trans, to Co. K, 4th Regt. of Cavalry. Lamson, John H., Co. K, must. Sept. 14, 1861; tranB. to Co. K, 4th Regt. of Cavalry. Parker, John, Jr., Co. K, must. Sept. 23, 1861 ; trans, to Co. K, 4th Regt. of Cavalry. Wood, James H., Co. K, must. Oct. 5, 1861 ; trans, to Co. K, 4th Regt. of Cavalry.SECOND UNATTACHED COMPANY OF CAVALRY M. V. Morton, Joseph W., muBt, Dec. 11, 1861 ; pro. 2d lieut. 3d Cav. Feb. 20, 1862. SECOND REGIMENT CAVALRY M. V. Lapham, Frederick A., sergt., Co. B, must Sept. 3, 1863; disch July 29, 1865. Fox, Thomas, Co. I, must. Feb. 10, 1863; disch. July 20, 1865. Panigh, Alfred, Co. I, must. June 23, 1864 ; disch. July 20, 1865. THIRD REGIMENT CAVALRY M. V. Morton, Joseph W., 2d lieut., must. Feb. 20, 1862; disch. March 26, 1863; pro. 1st lieut. Malloy, George, Co. A, must. June 21, 1864; disch. Sept. 28, 1865. Wildman, William, sergt, Co. H, must. Oct. 27, 1862 ; disch. May 20, 1805. King, Andrew G., Co. I, must. Aug. 5, 1862 ; disch. May 20, 1865. Pratt, John W., Co. I, must. Aug. 5, 1862 ; no record. Howley, Michael J., Co. K, must. Aug. 6, 1862 ; disch. Jan. 17, 1863. Newcomb, Paul W.. Co. K, must. Aug. 5, 1802 ; disch. Jan. 30, 1863. Brogan, Charles, Co. L, must. Dec. 29, 1864; disch. Sept. 28, 1865. Dinegan, Martin, Co. L, must. Dec. 29, 1864; disch. Sept. 28, 1865. Garrity, Bernard, Co. L, must. Dec. 31, 1864; disch. Sept. 28, 1865. Goldie, Henry F., Co. L, must. Dec. 30, 1864 ; disch. Sept. 28,1865. Kirvin, James C, Co. L, must. Dec. 31, 1864; disch. Sept. 28, 1865. Nutting, Charles A., Co. L, must. Doc. 30, 1864 ; disch. Sept. 28, 1865. Thomas, Peter, Co. L, must. Jan. 2. 1865 ; disch. Sept. 28, 1865. Kerrigan, Joseph, Co. L, must. Dec. 30, 1864 ; disch. July 19, 1865. Lincoln, Charles K., q.-m. sergt., Co. M, must. Dec. 31, 1864; diBch. Oct. 6, 1865 ; pro. 2d lieut. Wright, George W* sergt., Co. M, must. Dec. 31, 1864; disch. Sept. 28' 1865. Harris, John, Co. M, must. Dec. 31, 1864; disch. Sept. 1, 1865 ; deserted. Kittrell, Alberts., Co. M, must. Jan. 2, 1865; disch. July 26, 1865 ; de serted. FODRTH REGIMENT CAVALRY M. V. Morton, Joseph W., 2d lieut., must Aug. 24, 1863; disch. May 15, 1865 ; pro. captain, RuBSell, Edward, asst. surg., must Feb. 3, 1864; disch. Nov. 14, 1865. Caterson, Thomas, Co. A, must. Dec. 31, 1804; discb. Nov. 14, 1865. Farrell, John S., Co. A, must. Dec. 31, 1864; disch. Nov. 14, 1865. Caldwell, Samuel P., Co. B, must. Dec. 21, 1863; disch. Nov. 14, 1865. Chase, Ebenezer W., Co. B, must. Dec. 21, 1863 ; disch. May 28, 1864. Hargan, John, Co. B, must. Dec. 21, 1863 ; died Aug. 18, 1864. Howley, Michael J., Co. B, must. Dec. 21, 1863; died Sept. 22, 1864. Mullen, Andrew, Go. B, must Dec. 31, 1864 ; disch. Nov. 14, 1865. Dailey, Timothy, Co. C, must. Jan. 6, 1864 ; disch. Nov. 14, 1860. Dinegan, John H., Co. C, must. Jan. 6, 1864; disch. Nov. 14, 1865. Forrester, Isaac N., Co. C, must. Jan. 6, 1864 ; tran-*. to navy June 1, 1864. Maguire, Patrick F., Co. C, must. Dec. 31, 1864 ; disch. Nov. 14, 1865. Sheahan, William, Co. C, must. Jan. 6, 1864 ; died'March 26, 1864. Brown, John, Corp., Co. D, must. Jan. 9, 1864; disch. Nov. 14, 1865. Bowditch, Joseph E., Co. D, must. Jan. 4, 1864; disch. Nov. 14, 1865. Fenton, Michael, Co. D, must Jan. 9, 1864; died Aug. 31, 1864. Pierce, Benjamin R., Co. D, must. Dec. 31, 1864; died July 14, 1865. Price, William, Co. D, must. Jan. 9, 1864 ; died Oct. 14, 1864. Pratt, William H., Co. D. must. Jan. 9, 1864; disch. Nov. 14, 1865. Maguire, Hugh, Co. E, must Jan. 27, 1864; disch. Nov. 14, 1865. Nightingale, Edward F., Co. E, must Feb. 18, 1864 ; disch. Nov. 14, 1865. Otis, Stephen, Co. F, must. Jan. 27, 1864; disch. Nov. 14, 1865. Gibson, George W., Co. F, must. Jan. 27, 1864; deserted July 27, 1865. Scannell, James, Co. F, must. Jan. 27, 1864; disch. Nov. 14, 1865. Smith, Thomas, Co. F, must. Jan. 27, 1864 ; disch. Nov. 14, 1865. Pettingill, William, Co. G, must. Jan. 27, 1864 ; disch. Nov. 14, 1865. Abbott, Henry S., Co. G, must. Jan. 27, 1864; disch. June 30, 1865. Bates, David W., Co. I, must. Feb. 18, 1864; died Sept. 9, 1864. Feltis, William H., Co. K, must. Sept. 23, 1861 ; disch. April 20, 1864, to re-enlist; re-enl. April 21, 1864; disch. Nov. 14, 1865. Lamson, John H., Co. K, must. Sept 14, 1861 ; disch. Jan. 24, 1865. O'Keefe, John, Co. K, must. March 1, 1864; disch. Nov. 14. 1865. Parker, John, Jr.. Co. K, must. Sept. 22, 1861 ; disch. April 20, 1864, to re-enlist; re-enl. April 21, 1S64; disch. Aug. 15, 1865; pro. lieut. U. S. Col. Troops. Wood, James H., Co. K, must Oct. 5, 1861 ; disch. Oct. 8, 1864. Osborne, George H., Co. L, must. Feb. 18, 1864; disch. June 17, 1865. FIFTH REGIMENT CAVALRY M. V. Adams, Charles F., Jr., lieut.-col., must. Feb. 15, 1864 ; pro. col. Feb. 15, 1865 ; resigned Aug. 1, 1S65 ; brev. brig.-gen. 986 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. FIRST BATTALION FRONTIER CAVALRY M. V. Kibbe, Charles L., Co. D, must Jan. 2, 1865; disch. June 30, 1865. Lapham, Joseph A., Co. D, must. Jan. 2, 1865; disch. June 30, 1865. Marden, Frank M., Co. D, must. Jan. 2, 1865 ; disch. June 30, 1865. Nine Months' Service, 1862. FOURTH REGIMENT INFANTRY M. V. M. Henry Walker, col., must. Dec. 16, 1862; disch. Aug. 28, 1863. FORTY-SECOND REGIMENT INFANTRY M. V. M. Company A. Josephs, Uriel, corp., must. Sept. 13,1862; died July 7, 1863. Company G. This company was mustered Sept. 16, 1862 ; discharged Aug. 20, 1863. Thaddeus H. Newcomb, 2d lieutenant. Allen, Obed. F.I, Logan, William. Bird, William M. Luzarder, John. Blaisdell, Gilbert F. Nott, Francis L.2 Derry, George R. Parrott, John F. Dinnegan, Daniel. Pierce, Benjamin R. Ellis, Richard. Stiles, William. Harmon, John. Studley, Henry 0. Hayden, Albert A. Vance, James. Holt, Albert A. Vincent, Levi. Home, Henry T. Vinal, James W. Company H. Carroll, William, must. Sept. 24, 1862 ; disch. Aug. 20, 1863. Talbot, William T. H., muet Sept. 24, 1862 ; disch. Aug. 20, 1863. FORTY-FOURTH REGIMENT INFANTRY M. V. M. Mustered in Sept. 12, 1862 ; discharged June 18, 1863. White, Samuel FI., Co. B. Newcomb, Franklin H., Co. G. Beale, George W., Co. D. Curtis, Charles B., Co. H. Adams, Warren W., Co. G. Hersey, John W., Co. H. Hersey, Andrew J., Co. G. Packard, Eiisha, Co. H. Hersey, Jacob H., Co. G. FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT INFANTRY M. V. M. Mustered in Sept. 26, 1862 ; discharged July 7, 1863. Sargent, Oscar W., Co. A. Bent, William P., Co. G. Early, Michael, Co. B. Cain, Jonathan D., Co. G. Gage, David K., Co. B. Jones, Abbott L., Co. G. Johnaon, John, Co. B. Pratt, Nathan C, Co. G. Pope, Lemuel C, Co. B. Soule, Lewis M., Co. G. Reed, John N., Jr., Co. B. White, Joseph H., Co. G. FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT INFANTRY M. V. M. Mustered in Oct. 1, 1862 ; discharged Sept. 3, 1863. Company G. Rudderban, William E., sergt., pro. 1st lieut. Boyd, William, sergt, pro. 2d lieut. Talbot, Henry, sergt. Boyd, Patrick, musician. Flemming, Garrett, killed June 30, 1863. Flynn, William, died May 3, 1863. O'Neil, John T. ,, , Company I. Robertson, James G. Company K. Byrne, William. O'Connor, James. ELEVENTH BATTERY LIGHT ARTILLERY M. V. MuBtered in Aug. 25, 1862; discharged May 25, 1863. Baxter, Charles W. Shannon, JameB G. Baxter, William Q. Small, Zebina. Blanchard, Oliver J. Taplin, William H. Jones, Thomas B. Thomas, Theodore B. Merritt, Charles. One Year's Service. SIXTY-FIRST REGIMENT INFANTRY M. V. Eccles, John, Co. G, must Sept. 14, 1864 ; disch. June 4, 1865. Blaisdell, Samuel T., Oo. E, muet. Sept. 23, 1864; disch. June 4, 1866. Frost, Charles, Co. E, must. Sept. 23, 1864 ; no record of discharge. 1 Died March 21, 1863. 2 Killed Jan. 1, 1863. SIXTY-SECOND REGIMENT INFANTRY M. V. Bent, F. Edward, 2d lieut, must. Feb. 28, 1865 ; diBch. May 5, 1865 ; pro. 1st lieut. Nightingale, James M., must. April 11, 1865 ; disch. May 5, 1865. FOURTH REGIMENT HEAVY ARTILLERY M. V. Saville, John F., asB't surg., must. Dec. 5, 1864 ; disch. Junte 17, 1865. Pierce, Charles E., 1st lieut, must. Sept. 2, 1864 ; disch. June 17, 1865. Shackley. Jonas, 2d lieut., must. Sept. 2, 1864; disch. June 17, 1865 ; pro. 1st lieut. Baxter, W. Quincy, 2d lieut., must. Sept. 2, 1864 ; disch. June 17, 1865. Spear, Warren, 2d, Co. I, must. Aug. 17, 1864 ; disch. June 17, 1865. TWENTY-NINTH (UNATTACHED) COMPANY HEAVY ARTIL LERY M. V. Moloney, David, must. Aug. 30, 1864 ; disch. June 16, 1865. Murphy, Michael, must Aug. 30, 1864 ; disch. June 16, 1865. Noyes, John, must. Aug. 26, 1864 ; disch. June 16, 1865. Trask, JoBeph E., must. Sept. 17, 1864 ; disch. June 16, 1865. One Hundred Days' Servioe, 1864. FIFTH REGIMENT INFANTRY M. V. M., Company C. Rudderham, Charles, 116 days. FORTY-SECOND REGIMENT INFANTRY M. V. M., Company I. Williams, John, sergt, 116 days. SIXTIETH REGIMENT INFANTRY M. V. M., Company B. Mustered into United States service July 16, 1864, aud discharged Nov. 30, 1864, 137 days. F. Edward Bent, capt. Albert Keating, 2d lieut. Warren W. Adams, 1st lieut. Wm. W. Penniman, drum-maj. Henry T. Home. John W. Hersey. William O. Howland. Elisba Packard. William M. Bird. William Sanders, Edward P. Nightingale. George W. Beal. Harrison Crane. Corporals. Thomas G. Emerson. John D. Wells. Albert A. Hayden. Henry Chubbuck. Musician. William Boden. Wagoner. Frank Furnald. Alden, Albert M. Arnold, James H. Baker, William C. Barnes, Franklin. Beal, Samuel. Berry, William. Brackett, Charles D. Brown, Charles H. Cain, Abel A. Cain, John. Crane, Benjamin F. Davis, Edmund K. Duggan, William E. Eaton, George W. Ellis, Francis C, Jr. Elwell, Ezra. Errell, Eusebe. Faxon, George E. Fitzgerald, Michael. Glover, EraBtus M. Glover, John, Jr. Glover, Joseph M. Golden, James. Golden, John. Gray, Henry F. Hardwick, George W. Hardwick, George W. (2d). Hardwick, William H. Privates. Hayden, Charles M. Hayden, Joseph W. Hobart, Marcus M. Holmes, Eiisha B. Holmes, Frank W. Kimball, Francis. Luzarder, Horace A. Luzarder, Moses. Mears, George A. Merrill, Charles M. Newcomb, Charles A. Newcomb, Lewis A. Packard, George F. Page, Charles C. Perkins, Henry. Pierce, Benjamin R. Prior, Hiram B. Randall, George. Rogers, Thomas M. Snow, William A. Spear, Edward A. Thomas, Peter. Thomas, Richard. Underwood, Ebenezer W. Whicher, Charles Q. Whitney, Adams. Willett, George A. Willett, William H. H. APPENDIX. 987 Navy. The following persons served in the United Slates Navy, and were credited on the quota of Quincy. The date indicates the time of enter ing the service: George W. Taylor,! were in service Michael Donahue, Sept 6 1862 Abraham Dunn, i April, 1861. James White, Oct. 6, 1862 John Griffin, May 28, 1861. James Luzarder, Jan. 15 1863 William A. Pierce, May 29, 1861. Edward F. Nightingale, Jan 26 Ephraim T. Pierce, May 30, 1861. 1863. James Q. Smith, Juno 15, 1861. Seth T. Pray, Jan. 28, 1863 Patrick Gorgan, Aug. 2, 1861. Albert F. Rich, February, 1863. Daniel Sullivan, Aug. 9, 1861. Joseph Madden, April 19, 1863. Lorenzo R. Clapp, Aug. 26, 1861. Daniel Murphy, June 19,' 1863. Charles H. Pray, Aug. 28, 1861. Samuel Thomas, Jr.,1 Aug. 4, 1863 James E. Elwell, Sept. 17, 1861. Henry A. Thomas, Aug. 17, 1863 Ezra Elwell, Sept. 17, 1861. R. Warren Elwell, Aug. 24, 1863. George W. Morton.i Sept. 25, 1861. James J. Mahoney, Jan. 9, 1864. Jacob H. Caw, Oct. 7, 1861. William H. Elwell, Jan. 9,' 1864. Michael Sugrue, Oct. 14, 1861. F. Harvey Penniman, Jan. 13, 1864. James Crogan, October, 1861. Charles H. Duggan, Jan. 13, 1864. Cornelius Kane, Oct. 14, 1861. John A. Pope, April 14, 1864. James Ryan, Nov. 22, 1861. William Willis, April 12, 1864. Philip Harrington, November, Patrick Gallagher, April 23, 1864. 1861- Michael Donnavan, May 27, 1864. Albert P. French, Jan. 7, 1862. Johu Driscoll, July 5, 1804. Thomas H. Dolan, Jan. 27, 1862. Thomas Kelly, Aug. 9, 1864. Christopher A. Spear, February, John Hennessy. Aug. 29, 1864. 1862- John Tool, Aug. 30, 1864. Thomas T. Spear, March 4, 1862. Henry Lunt.i Aug. 31, 1864. Alonzo Elwell, March 5, 1862. William Mullen, Sept 2, 1864. James H. Smith, June 12, 1862. Alexander Sproule, Sept. 3, 1864. Asa A. Pope, Sept. 1, 1862. John Boy, Dec. 12, 1864. Ambrose B. Leloise, Sept. 6, 1862. John Cluse, Dec. 12, 1864. James R. Taylor, September, 1862. George G. Souther, Jan. 2, 1865. George W. Taylor, September, 1862. NEEDHAM. Votes of the town of Needham relative to the pay ment of bounties and aid to volunteers during the war of the Rebellion were as follows : April 29, 1861. At a town-meeting held this Mouday afternoon, Mar shall Newel], moderator, it waB Voted, That the sum of fifteen dollars per month shall be paid from the treasury of this town to each and every man, a citizen of the town, who shall enlist or join a military organization for the defense or pro tection of our country at the present crisis, who shall discharge the duties required of him under the general orders of the State or general government; the same to be paid monthly for the term of six months, or for such part of that term as he shall continue in the service in health or otherwise ; the payment to commence (after his acceptance by the State officers) as soon as he shall engage in preparing for the duties required of bim, and to which his whole time is necessarily devoted, such payment to be in addition to any compensation that will be re ceived from the government. Voted, That a committee to be styled " the Military Committee," to consist of four, be chosen, whose duty it shall be to take the general supervision in all matters of detail in relation to the formation of a company in this town, to render such assistance to those having charge of procuring volunteers as may be desired, and in providing such com fortable undergarments and other Buitable articles of clothing for the men in such cases as may be deemed necessary ; investigate, to Boine ex tent, the condition of those who have families, with a view to the pres ent or future comfort and requirements of such families; render such assistance iu getting the men ready in such cases as would facilitate the objects to be attained ; provide suitable rooms for the examination neces sary by the State officers, for drill, for general headquarters during the raising and formation of the company, and place of deposit of arms and equipments, if necessary ; to interest themselves generally in all mat ters pertaining to the welfare and comfort of the men and their fami lies before and during their absence, if desired, and when necessary. Said committee are hereby authorized to expend for such purposes a 1 Acting assistant paymaster. sum not to exceed two thousand dollars, to be paid from the treasury of this town by orders to be drawn by the selectmen on presentation of bills contracted on account of such expenditures, which shall be ap proved by a majority of said committee, said committee to render an account current of their expenditures and receipts and a report of their transactions at the next annual meeting of the town. E.K. Whitaker, 0. B. Patten, Benjamin G. Kimball, and Calvin Perry were chosen the Military Committee. Voted, That the selectmen be, and are hereby, authorized and in structed to draw the.r orders upon the treasurer, payable to each of the soldiers who are entitled by the foregoing vote to receive the same, or to thejr families or other persons authorized by such soldiers to receive the same for them, for the sum of fifteen dollars per month, as provided in the foregoing vote, the same to be paid monthly upon receiving the evi- denceof the right of the several claimants to receive the same; also, for the expenditures authorized by the Military Committee under authority of the vote of the town. Voted, That the sum of eight thousand dollars be, and is hereby, ap propriated from any moneys that are now or may be in the treasury of this town, and placed subject to the order of the selectmen, to meet the several payments authorized by the foregoing voteB in aid of the de fense of the country, this day passed ; this to be deemed the war appro priation. At a town-meeting held July 24, 1862, George K. Daniell, Esq., mod erator, it was Voted, That the selectmen be authorized to offer a bounty of one hundred dollars to each individual who Bhall, within thirty days from date, enlisc in this town, as a part of the town's quota, for the war ; the same to be made payable when the volunteers are accepted and mustered Into the service of the United States. Voted, That the town treasurer be, and hereby is, authorized, under the direction of the selectmen, to borrow the sum of three thousand and three hundred dollars, for one or more years, for the purpose indicated in the foregoing vote. At a town-meeting held Aug. 21, 1862, Marshall Newell, moderator, it was Voted, That the town of Needham will give a bounty of two hundred dollars to volunteers under the last call of the President, provided that the whole quota shall be raised previous to the expiration of the time given to raise the men. Voted, To authorize the treasurer, under the direction of the select men, to effect such a loan as may be necessary to defray the expenses incurred in raising said volunteers. At a town-meeting held Sept. 16, 1862, Marshall Newell, moderator, it was Voted, To reconsider so much of the article passed at the last town- meeting as required that the whole quota should be raised before the volunteers should be entitled to the bounty. Voted, That the selectmen be authorized to take such action as they may deem necessary to procure the requisite number of volunteers to fill up the quota of the town. Voted, To pay the State aid to the families of volunteers, according to the law of the commonwealth. At the annual town-meeting held March 16,1863, by adjournment from March 2d, George K. Daniell, moderator, it was Voted, That the town pay a bounty of one hundred dollars to those volunteers who shall have served in the United States army three years, provided they have already received no such bounty; and those who Bhall have been discharged from the service for disability shall receive in proportion to the time they may be so disabled (the amount not to ex ceed one hundred dollars). The same amount shall be allowed to the families of such as have died, with an additional one hundred dollars when the deceased leaves a wife, or any children under twelve years of age. At a town-meeting held April 6, 1863, George Jennings, moderator, it was Voted, To authorize their treasurer to borrow, with the approbation of the selectmen, a requisite sum of money to pay town aid or bounty that was granted at the annual meeting of 1863 to the soldiers that enlisted without bounty. At a town-meeting held April 14, 1864, George K. Daniell, moderator, it was Yoted, That the town raise the sum of two thousand eight hundred and seventy-five dollars, for the purpose of refunding the amounts ad vanced by individuals, and paying expenses incurred in raising recruits, under the call of the President, dated Oct. 17, 1863. 988 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. Voted, That the town raise the sum of two thousand two hundred and fifty dollars, to be applied, under the direction of the selectmen, for the purpose of procuring this town's proportion of the quota of volunteers in the military service, called for from this commonwealth by the Presi dent, under the order of March 14, 1864, provided the amount of money so raised and applied Bhall not exceed the sum of one hundred and twenty-five dollars, including expenses for each volunteer enlisted in said service as a part of the quota of this town under Baid order. At a town-meeting held Aug. 4, 1864, George K. Daniel], Esq., mod erator, it was Voted, To appropriate the sum of one hundred and twenty-five dollars for each recruit enlisted on any quota called for by the President, at any time between the 1st day of March, 1864. and March 1, 1865. Agree. able to the act, in addition to an act authorizing townB and cities to raise money for recruiting purposes, approved March 28, 1864. Voted, To authorize the treasurer to borrow such sums as may be neces sary to carry out the provisions of the foregoing vote. At a town-meeting held May 22, 1865, Marshall Newell, moderator, it was Voted, To raise such sums of money as may be necessary to refund to individuals money contributed in aid of and for the purpose of filling the quotas of the town, or furnishing men for the present war, under any requisition, order, or call of the President or of the War Department of the United States, during the year 1864, as authorized by the act of the Legislature of 1865, approved April 25th. Voted, To authorize the treasurer to borrow sufficient sums of money to pay all reimbursements voted under the second article. At a town-meeting held March 5, 1866, it was Voted, To authorize the selectmen to furnish town aid to families of deceased soldiers who are in need of aid in this town. The following are the names of officers and enlisted men from or credited to the town of Needham who served in the army or navy of the United States during the war of the Rebellion, 1861-65 : Infantry. SECOND BEGIMENT (Three Tears). Murray, Henry, Co. I, Jan. 24, 1865 ; l must, out July 14, 1865. Woodman, John, Co. E, Aug. 22, 1864; must, out July 14, 1865. FIFTH BEGIMENT (One Hundred Days). O'Leary, Arthur W., Co. B, July 25, 1864; must, out Nov. 16, 1864. ELEVENTH BEGIMENT (Three Tears). Cameron, James, Co. G, June 13, 1861 ; killed at Bull Bun, Va., Aug. 29, 1862. THIETEENTH BEGIMENT (Three Tears). Wood, Ephraim A., Co. C, July 16, 1861 ; disch. Nov. 18, 1862, for disa bility ; July 20, 1863, must, as 1st lieut. in 55th Eegt. ; res. Nov. 20, 1863. EIGHTEENTH REGIMENT (Three Tears). Fox, Franklin M., Co. F, Aug. 24, 1861 ; disch. Dec. 31, 1861, for disa bility. Fuller, William, Co. F, Aug. 24, 1861; died at Washington, D. C, Sept. 25, 1862, of wounds at second battle of Bull Enn, Va., Aug. 30, 1862. Martel, John, Co. F, Aug. 24, 1861 ; trans, to V. B. C. Bichards, Samuel F., Co. F, Aug. 24, 1861; disch. July 28, 1862, disa bility. Bichardson, George, Co. F, Oct. 24,1861 ; disch. Oct. 13, 1862, disability. Smith, Cornelius D., Co. F, Aug. 24, 1861 ; mu6t. out Sept. 2, 1864, corp. NINETEENTH REGIMENT (Three Tears). Berry, Aea B., Co. I, Aug. 28, 1861 ; must, out Aug. 28, 1864. McKinney, George, Co. F, Aug. 28, 1861 ; re-enl. Dec. 21, 1863 ; must. out June 30, 1865, in Co. I. O'Connor, Bobert, Jan. 16, 1865 ; must, out May 6, 1865. TWENTIETH BEGIMENT (Three Tears). Coulter, John S., Co. F, Aug. 19, 1862 ; disch. Dec. 18, 1862. Healey, Michael F., Co. K, Doc. 14, 1864 ; must, out July 16, 1865. TWENTT-SECOND REGIMENT (Three Tears). Avery, George, Co. B, Sept. 2, 1861 ; disch. June 28, 1862, for disability. Bullard, MoseB H., Co. G, Sept. 9, 1861 ; killed at Gaines' Mills, Va. ; June 27, 1862. 1 Date of muster in. Smith, William W., Co. B, Sept. 17, 1861; must, out Oct. 17, 1864. Thompson, William, Co. B, Oct. 5, 1861; disch. Feb. 18, 1863, disability. TWENTT-THIBD BEGIMENT (Three Tears). Ambler, Artemas C, Co. C, Sept. 28, 1861 ; must, out Oct. 13, 1864. Cobbett, James A., Co. K, Aug. 1, 1862 ; must, out June 26, 1865, to re-enlist. TWENTT-FOURTH BEGIMENT (Three Tears). Eayrs, Joseph H., Co. E, Nov. 18, 1861; must, out Nov. 17, 1864. THIRTIETH REGIMENT (Three Tears). Coulter, James C, Co. I, Dec. 18, 1861 ; disch. Jan. 1, 1864, to re-enlist. THIETT-FIRST BEGIMENT (Three Tears.) Hardie, Robert, Co. K, Jan. 20, 1862; died Sept. 13, 1864, in hospital at Baton Rouge, La. THIETT-SBCOND BEGIMENT (Three Tears). Gehling, Joseph, Co. K, Jan. 5, 1864 ; must, out June 29, 1865. THIRTT-THIED BEGIMENT (Three Yeare). Murray, Henry, Co. K, Jan. 24, 1865 ; trans. June 1, 1865, to 2d Inf. Small, Edwin, Co. C, Aug. 6, 1862; disch. Jan. 19, 1865, disability. THIRTT-FIFTH BEGIMENT (Three Tears). Hall, David K., Co. I, Aug. 16,1862 ; died of disease at Newport News, Va., Feb. 25, 1863 ; sergt. Collier, Isaac, Co. I, Aug. 16, 1862; trans, to Veteran Reserve Corps. Knapp, George L., Co. I, Aug. 16, 1862 ; must, out June 9, 1865. Manning, John S., Co. I, Aug. 16, 1862 ; disch. Aug. 18, 1863, disability. Monnaghah, John, Co. I, Aug. 16, 1862; must, out June 9, 1865. Sargent, George, Co. I, Aug. 16, 1862; disch. Nov. 18, 1863, disability ; wagoner. Wallace, William J., Co. I, Aug. 16, 1862; must, out June 13, 1865. Walsh, Patrick, Co. I, Aug. 16, 1862; killed at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. Wheeler, Samuel S., Co. I, Aug. 16, 1862 ; must, out June 9, 1865. Willcutt, William, Co. I, Aug. 16, 1862; disch. Jan. 26, 1863, disability. Wright, Samuel G., Co. I, Aug. 16, 1862; died on board steamer "Des Moines," Aug. 15, 1863. THIRTT-EIGHTH BEGIMENT (Three Tears). Beless, George, Co. I, Aug. 21, 1862 ; disch. Nov. 14, 1862, disability. Flanagan, Patrick, Co. I, Aug. 21, 1862 ; must, out June 30, 1865. Eimmele, William J., Co. I, Aug. 21, 1862 ; must, out June 30, 1865. Snow, Joseph, Co. I, Aug. 21, 1862; disch. July 3, 1863, disability. Taylor, Edwin A., Co. I, Aug. 24, 1862 ; must, out June 30, 1865. THIETT-NINTH REGIMENT (Three Tears). Batcheller, Holland N., Co. B, Aug. 20, 1862 ; disch. May 5, 1863 ; Order War Dept. Hunting, Willard, Co. A, Aug. 18, 1862 ; died Dec. 7, 1864, in rebel prison at Salisbury, N. C. Knapp, Charles P., Co. A, Aug. 18, 1862 ; trans. Feb. 5, 1864, to V. E. C. Morse, Daniel F., Co. A, Aug. 18, 1862 ; muBt. out June 2, 1865. Stevens, Elbridge, Co. A, Aug. 18, 1862 ; died in rebel prison, Bichmond, Va. Whitaker, Channing, Co. B, Sept. 2, 1862 ; must, out June 19, 1865. FOETIETH REGIMENT (Three Tears). Adams, Stephen W. , Co. F, Sept. 3, 1862 ; trans. Dec. 3, 1863, to V. R. C. ; wagoner. Kennedy, Cernelius, Co. F, Sept. 3, 1862 ; missing in action May 16, 1864. Bichardson, James, Co. F, Sept. 3, 1862 ; must, out June 16, 1865. Richardson, Samuel C.,Co. F, Sept. 3,1862; disch. June 30, 1865; Order War Department. FORTY-SECOND BEGIMENT (One Hundred Days). Bemis, George, Co. K, July 18, 1864; must, out Nov. 11, 1864. Henderson, William H., Co. D, July 20, 1864; must, out Nov. 11, 1864. Hastings, John S., Co. K, July 18, 1864; must, out Nov. 11, 1864. Kibler, Frederick, Co. E, July 22, 1864; must, out Nov. 11, 1864. FOETT-THIED BEGIMENT (Nine Months). Fiske, Joseph E., Co. C, Sept. 24, 1862 ; must, out May 29, 1863 ; 1st sergt. Dewing, Joseph H., Co. C, Sept. 24, 1862 ; must, out July 30, 1863 ; sergt! Bent, Thomas D., Co. C, Sept. 24, 1862; must, out June 1, 1863, to en list in 2d Eegt. H. Art. APPENDIX. 989 Belcher, Charles H., Co. C, Sept. 24, 1862 ; must, out July 30, 1863. Boynton, Richard F., Co. C, Sept. 24, 1862 ; must, out July 30, 1863. Bullard, William P., Co. C, Oct. 1, 1862 ; must, out July 30, 1863. Cooper, Hugh, Co. C, Sept. 24, 1862 ; must, out July 30, 1863. Guyot, Joseph, Co. C, Sept. 24, 1862 ; must, out July 30, 1863. KingBbury, William H., Co. C, Sept. 24, 1862 ; died at Beaufort, N. C, March 1, 1863. Knapp, Cyrus W., Co. C, Sept. 24, 1862 ; must, out July 30, 1863. Koff, Frederick, Co. K, Sept. 16, 1802 ; deserted Oct. 2, 1862, Eeadville, Mass. McLoud, Eobert M., Co. C, Sept. 24, 1862 ; must, out July 30, 1863 ; musician. Marshall, John P., Co. C, Sept. 24, 1862 ; must, out July 30, 1863. McLane, William H., Co. C, Sept. 24, 1862 ; must, out July 30, 1863. Oakes, Joseph, Co. C, Sept. 24, 1862 ; must, out July 30, 1863. EuBBell, William L., Co. C, Sept. 24, 1862 ; must, out July 30, 1863. Seagraves, Gilbert R., Co. C, Sept. 24, 1862 ; must, out July 30, 1863. Severance, Charles R., Co. C, Sept. 24, 1862; must, out July 30, 1863. Sumner, Lewis N., Co. K, Sept. 16, 1S62 ; must, out July 30, 1863. Wisner, George P., Co. C, Sept. 24, 1862 ; must, out July 30, 1863. FOETT-FODETH BEGIMENT (Nine Months). Bailey, Walter, Co. K, Sept. 12, 1862 ; must, out June 18, 1863. Brennan, John, Co. B, Sept. 12, 1S62 ; disch. Jan. 30, 1863, for disability. Dadmun, Newell H., Co. K, Sept. 12, 1862; must, out June 18, 1863. Fuller, Albert, Co. A, Sept. 12, 1862 ; must, out June 18, 1863. Fuller, Ezra N., Co. A, Sept. 12, 1862 ; died Feb. 21, 1862, at Newberne, N. C. Greenwood, John W., Co. A, Sept. 12, 1862 ; disch. April 1, 1863, for wound received in engagement at Whitehall, N. C, Dec. 16, 1862. Hunting, Israel, Jr., Co. A, Sept. 12, 1862 ; muBt. out June 18, 1863. Johnson, Albert S., Co. A, Sept. 12, 1862 ; must, out June 18, 1863. Lyon, Henry, Co. A, Sept. 12, 1862 ; must, out June 18, 1863. Lyon, Edward, Co. A, Sept. 12, 1862 ; must, out June 18, 1863. Moseley, William, Co. A, Sept. 12, 1862; must, out June 18, 1863. Newell, Charles, Co. B, Sept. 12, 1862; must, out June 18, 1863. May, Albert S., Co. A, Sept. 12, 1862; disch. Feb. 28, 1863, for wound re ceived in engagement at Whitehall, N. C, Dec. 16, 1862. Whitmarsh, John G., Co. A, Sept. 12, 1862; must, out June 18, 1863. FOETT-FIFTH BEGIMENT (Nine Months). Barnes, Daniel, Co. B, Oct. 11, 1862 ; must, out July 7, 1863. Carter, Rufus B., Co. B, Sept. 26, 1862 ; must, out July 7, 1863. Coulter, George, Co. B, Sept. 26, 1862 ; must, out July 7, 1863. Crowley, Dennis, Co. B, Sept. 26, 1862 ; disch. for disability Nov. 4, 1862. Estabrook, George W., Co. A, Sept. 26, 1862 ; must, out July 7, 1863. Hammill, Hugh, Oo. B, Sept. 26, 1862; must, out July 7, 1863. Hatch, Ambrose P., Co. B, Sept. 26, 1862 ; must, out July 7, 1863. Hotchkiss, Willard H., Co. B, Sept. 20, 1862 ; must, out July 7, 1863. Jones, Alvah T., Co. B, Sept. 26, 1862 ; must, out July 7, 1863. Jones, Pliny M., Co. B, Sept. 26, 1S62; must, out July 7, 1863. Morton, William H., Co. B, Sept. 26, 1862; must, out July 7, 1863. Palmer, George F., Co. E, Sept. 26, 1862 ; disch. Oct. 18, 1862, for disa bility. Eagan, Timothy 0., Co. B, Sept. 26, 1862 ; must, out July 7, 1863. Richards, Samuel F., Co. B, Sept. 26, 1862 ; killed at Kinston, N. C, Dec. 14, 1862. ELEVENTH BATTERT LIGHT ARTILLERT (Nine Months). Wisner Charles F., Aug. 25, 1862 ; must, out May 25, 1863; re-enl. in 11th Light Battery Jan. 2, 1864; must, out June 16, 1865, corporal. FIFTT-FIFTH REGIMENT (Three Tears). Holmes, Charles, Co. B, Aug. 22, 1864 ; must, out Aug. 29, 1865. FIFTT-SIXTH REGIMENT (Three Tears). Avignon, Peter, Co. I, Feb. 4,1864; died Aug. 1, 1864, at Anderson ville, Ga. Baldoe, Lrfuis, Co. I, Feb. 4, 1864; died Aug. 9, 1864, at Anderson- ville, Ga. , .,.. Early, Edward, Co. D, Dec. 29, 1863; disch. April 3, 1865, for disabi ¦ y. Flattery, Patrick, Co. I, Feb. 4, 1864; disch. June 20, 1865, for disabHity. Juffs Pedro, Co. I, Feb. 4, 1864 : must, out July 12, 1865. Marshall, John P., Co. A, March 1, 1864; must, out July 12, 1865. McCarty, James, Co. I, Feb. 4, 1864 ; must, out July 12, 1665. Severance, Charles B, Co. A, March 1, 1864; killed May 31, 1864. Tumbridge, John S., Co. I, Feb. 4, 1864; disch. Sept. 9, 1864, for disa bility- SISTT-FIEST REGIMENT (One Year). Casey, Daniel, Co. I, Jan. 16, 1865; must, out July 16, 1865. Conroy, John, Co. 1, Jan. 17, 1865 ; must, out July 16, 1865. Donley, Philip, Co. I, Jan. 16, 1865; must, oot July 16, 1865. Martin, Frank S., Co. I, Jan. 24, 1865 ; must, out July 10, 1865. SIXTY-SECOND REGIMENT (One Year). Marshall, John E., Co. C, March 24, 1865 ; must, out May 5, 1865. Artillery. SECOND BATTERY LIGHT ARTILLEET (Three Tears). Brigham, Fraucis 0., July 31, 1861 ; must, out Aug. 16, 1864. SEVENTH BATTERY LIGHT ARTILLERT (Three Tears). Nichols, Stephen, Jan. 21, 1864 ; must, out Nov. 10, 1865. TENTH BATTERY LIGHT ARTILLERY (Three Tears). Herring, William, Sept. 9, 1862; must, out June 9, 1865. FIRST REGIMENT HEAVT ARTILLERT (Three Years). Farnsworth, Abram C, Co. L, Dec. 9, 1861 ; must, out Dec. 17, 1864. Murray, George M., Co. M, March 4, 1862 ; must, out March 30, 1864, to re-enlist. Simpson, Frederick J., Co. G, Dec. 3, 1863 ; died Nov. 4, 1864, at Florence Prison, S. C. SECOND REGIMENT HEAVY ARTILLERT (Three Tears). Fiske, Joseph E., Oct. 9, 1863; 2d lieut. June 4, 1863 ; 1st lieut. July 30, 1863; capt. Oct. 9, 1863 ; must, out May 15,1865. Fuller, Albert, Co. D, Aug. 22, 1863 ; q.m.-sergt. Freeman, Joseph, Co. D, Aug. 22, 1863 ; died July 2, 1864, at Newberne, N. C. Marshall, Frederick F., Co. B, Aug. 29, 1863; must, out Sept. 3, 1865; corp. THIRD REGIMENT HEAVY ARTILLERY (Three Tears). Dill, John, Co. L, May 30, 1864 ; deserted July 10, 1864. Withington, Charles P., Co. L, Aug. 31, 1864 ; must, out June 17, 1865. FOURTH REGIMENT HEAVT AETILLERY (One Year). Fuller, George, Co. B, Aug. 20, 1861 ; deserted May 15, 1865. Bachman, Frederick H., Co. B, Aug. 23, 1864; must, out June 17,1865. Cavalry. FIRST REGIMENT CAVALRY' (Three Tears). Hurd, Edwin, Co. D, Jan. 1,1864; must, out June 29,1865. SECOND REGIMENT CAVALRT (Three Years). Carter, Warren, Co. D, Jan. 18, 1864; must, out July 20, 1865. Forrest, Henry, May 25, 1SG4 ; unassigned recruit. Hollinbeck, William, May 25, 1864 ; unassigned recruit. Harmon, John, May 26, 1864; unassigned recruit. Lewis, John, Co. K, May 25, 1864 ; deserted Juue 25, 1864. Morris, Edward, May 26, 1864; unassigned recruit. {. Morris, Samuel, May 26, 1864; unassigned recruit. Moore, John, Aug. 23, 1864; unassigned recruit. Reynolds, John, May 26, 1864; unassigned recruit. Stevens, John, May 26, 1861; must, out June 24, 1865. Travers, William H., May 25, 1864; unassigned recruit. THIED REGIMENT CAVALRT (Three Tears). Woods, Albert A., Co. K, Aug. 6, 1S62; died March 21, 1863, at New Or leans, La. FOURTH REGIMENT CAVALRT (Three Tears). Clark, Joseph J., Co. M, March 1, 1864; must, out Nov. 14, 1865. McGregor, John H., asst.-surg., March 1, 1864; disch. April 23, 1864, for disability. Moran, Michael, Co. 0, Jan. 6, 1864; must, out Nov. 14, 1865. Purple, Charles, Corp., Co. D, Jan. 3, 1865 ; must, out Nov. 14, 1865. Vernon, John E., Co. B, Dec. 22, 1861; deserted Sept. 18, 1865. FIFTH REGIMENT CAVALRT (Three Tears). Bolin" George, bugler, Co. L, April 22, 1864 ; must, out June 21, 1865. WilkiT, Joshua H., capt., 24th unattached company infantry, one year, Feb. 7, 1865 ; must, out May 12, 1865. Keith Walter D., capt., 26th unattached company infantry, one year, Dec. 15, 1864 ; must, out May 12, 1865. 990 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. Veteran Reserve Corps. Anthis, Philip, Aug. 22, 1864. Ceolins, Clarkson, Dec. 20, 1864. DaDCe, Charles W., Dec. 20, 1864. Greany, George, Aug. 20, 1864. Harley, "William A., Aug. 15, 18G4. Huth, John, Aug. 17, 1864. Johnson, William, Dec. 20, 1864. McLaughlin, Patrick, Aug. 19, 1864. Millenken, Robert, Aug. 17, 1864. Moore, George, Dec. 20, 1864 ; deserted Feb. 20, 1865. United States Colored Troops. Lambert, Joseph, July 4, 1864, 28th Inf. Lansing, Robert, July 4, 1864, 28th Inf. Lasley, Frank, July 4, 1864, 28th Inf. Navy, Allen, Andrew, one year; shipped Feb. 15, 1863. Anderson, Andrew, three years; shipped Aug. 22, 1864. Andrews, Henry, one year ; Bhipped Feb. 20, 1863. Barry, James, one year; shipped Aug. 12, 1862. Bigelow, Albert, one year; Bhipped Feb. 11, 1863. Brown, Daniel H., one year; shipped March 11, 1863. Foster, William, three years ; Bhipped May 17, 1864. Grant, George D., three years; shipped Dec. 22, 1864, Hanson, Carl, one year; shipped April 18, 1863. Hazard, Frank W., one year; Bhipped April 18, 1863, Pheeney, William, one year; shipped March 17, 1863. Reynolds, Bernard, one year ; shipped March 16, 1863. Shaw, William, one year; shipped Jan. 20, 1863. Shepherd, John, three years; shipped Dec. 14, 1861. Smith, John (3d), three years ; shipped Dec. 16, 1861. Smith, Noah, three years ; shipped Dec. 17, 1861. Smith, William E., three years; shipped Dec. 18, 1861. Snider, Stephen, three years; shipped Dec. 26, 1861. Sullivan, Dennis, one year; shipped Nov. 7, 1862. Symonds, Daniel, three years ; shipped Dec. 23, 1861. Todd, Robert, three years; shipped Dec. L4, 1861. Tibbetts, Edward H., two years; shipped Jan. 1, 1862, Trudo, Francis M., two years; shipped Jan. 6,1862. Trefiy, James, three years ; Bhipped Jan. 14, 1862. Wallace, Charles, one year ; shipped Aug. 26, 1862. Welch, Michael, one year; shipped April 24, 1863. White, William, one year ; shipped April 14, 1863. Williams, Michael, one year; shipped March 23, 1863. Wentworth, George, one year; shipped Aug. 22, 1862. Willard, Henry, one year, shipped Aug. 26, 1862. Ward, John H., one year; shipped Aug. 26, 1862. Withan, Francis, one year : shipped Aug. 26, 1862. Wheeler, Henry, one year; shipped Aug. 25, 1862. Ward, Abner, one year; shipped Aug. 25, 1862. Williams, George J., one year ; shipped Aug. 26, 1862. Wakefield, Josiah J , one year; shipped Aug. 29, 1862. Wood, Charles H., one year ; shipped Aug. 25, 1862. Wise, Pliney, one year; shipped Aug. 27, 1S62. Withington, Charles P., three years; shipped Feb. 13, 1862 ; disch. Aug. 4, 1863, for disability. RANDOLPH. The following is a complete record of the names of all the soldiers and officers in the military service of the United- States, and of all the seamen and officers in the naval service, from the town of Ran dolph, during the Rebellion begun in 1861 : Alden, William Hart. Alden, Hiram C. Abenzeller, Anthony. Alden, Lucas W. Angier, Edson J. Arnold, Horatio B. Austin, Ebenezer V. Adams, Richard. Alden, Frederick H. Alden, Silas. Buck, Nathan E. Alexander, Thomas. Alden, Henry A. Burrell, George Augustus. Beal, Ira, Jr. Blencowe, W. William. Back, Samuel Henry. Brundage, Levi A. Brady, John F. Byrne, John J. Bossell, Joseph. Bryant, Ira A. Bryant, Ira. Buckley, John. Buckley, Jerry C. Buckley, J. C. Bates, Warren. Belcher, Leonard. Barr}', Robert C. Bigelow, John, Jr. Bowman, Oliver H. Boyle, Joseph. Boyle, Francis. Blackman, E. Brady, Peter. Burrell, David L., Jr. Burrell, Joseph. Bowen, Michael. Bracken, James. Belcher, Charles H. Burbank, Augelo A. Belcher, Francis A. Barry, James, Brosnihan, Daniel. Blencowe, Richmond. Bean, Seth C. Bates, William F. Bartlett, Amasa M. Blanchard, William F. Brown, Walter H. Baker, Samuel S. Birdley, John A. Balcom, Charles H. Bell, William. Brix, James. Boice, Charles H. Blackburn, Joshua. Bickford, Charles F. Banman, Christian. Blethen, James L. Bender, William. Brink, Oliver J. Burt, Charles T. Burt, Dunham G. Brunson, Perry. Bracken, Andrew, Baker, John. Bigelow, Frederick N. Barry, Garret C. Blood, Nathan B. Blood, Herbert C. Crooker, Otis. Curtis, John W. Curtis, Martin William. Cousins, Daniel. Compass, Theodore. Cottle, Edmund. Crooker, Allen J. Cox, Henry M. Cartwright, John T. Clark, Samuel Melvin. Clark, Corneliue. Cox, Richard H. Cahill, John. Capen, Charles M. Croak, William Andrew. Curtis, James L. Currau, Timothy. Curran, John, Jr. Cary, Patrick. Curtis, John. Crosby, Patrick. Cotter, Edward A. Connor, John F. Condon, Maurice. Cole, Ephraim T. Colbert, John. Carroix, John. Cary, Francis. Cain, Friend. Clary, Daniel. Chandler, Frederick. Clark, Isaac. Croak, George H. Cook, George W. Chandler, Constant S. Churchill, Millard F. Currie, George H. Crosby, John. Clark, George. Clark, Matthew, Jr, Cushing, Albert W. Campbell, Thomas W. Crawford, William H. Corrigan, Frank S. Cork, Richard. Clark, John. Cornell, Samuel J. Cohn, Joseph. Cane, Benjamin. Chilson, Eiisha M. Cross, John. Cunningham, Thomas. Dargen, Joseph W. Davis, Charles C. Dawes, James E. Downey, John. Dawes, Charles F. Donahoe, John J. Donahoe, Philip. Driscoll, Timothy. Doody, John. Dunton, John. Dyer, Frederick W. Driscoll, John A. Deane, Ward C. Davis, William H. Davis, Joseph P. Dernan, Hugh. Doyle, Edward. Dooley, William. Downey, John. Douglass, William S. Dyer, Abram B. Delano, Emery. Dumfee, Michael. Donahy, Michael, Jr. Dench, George B. DeDnehy, Daniel D. Driscoll, James C. Delano, Lorenzo L. Dolland, Robert, Desmond, Cornelius. Dargen, James F. Donahy, Michael. Doherty, Patrick. Dorr, Joseph. Drew, D. L. Desuey, Joseph. DiggB, Lloyd. Davis, Henry. Davis, David. Doyle, James. Dougherty, Thomas. Dyer, Joseph W. Desmond, John. APPENDIX. 991 Eckenstein, Libert. Eddy, Charles. Eddy, Lorenzo D. Eaton, William T. Early, James (No. 1). Eddy, George. Early, James (No. 2). Faunce, Hannibal A. Fletcher, Eustace Jerome. Fletcher, Samuel. Foster, Samuel A. Fowkes, George W. Faunce, Leonard A. French, George F. Farrell, Edward. Farmer, Charles H. French, Charles L. Flynn, John D. Faunce, Addison. Faunce, CharleB A. Faunce, Hiram S. Finerty, Edward. Flynn, Edward, Foley, John (2d). Ford, Edwin. Foley, John (1st). Fox, James D. Faunce, Alvin. Finerty, Bartho. Flynn, James. Flanagan, Patrick. Fraxwell, John. Foley, John (3d). Forrest, Augustus. Faxon, Daniel, Jr. Gill, John H. Godwin, George H. Goodwin, Charles H. Geer, E. F. Gerald, George. Gerald, William H. Gill, John, Jr. Gill, William F. Gurney, F. M. Gear, Michael A. Green, Patrick. Good, John. Gennels, Frederick. Gurnett, Peter, Hollis, Myron W. Harris, Seth M. Hayden, Zenas M. Howard, Edward E. Howard, Edgar. Howard, Martin V. B. Heath, John W. Hodge, Samuel R. Huzzy, Willard A. Howland, Charles. Henry, George. Holbrook, Henry D. Holbrook, Ebenezer, Jr. Hobart, Edward K. Hamilton, George A. Howard, Ira. Hogan, James H. Hodge, Charles D. Hodge, Oliver H. P. Hobart, Samuel B. Hand, Patrick. Howard, Volney. Hill, William F. Harris, Job D. Hollis, Nathan S. Huut, George W. Hutchinson, Benjamin R. Hobart, David W. Hobart, W. M. Hobart, F. M. Hobart, JameB E. Howard, MoseB B. Halpin, Michael. Holbrook, Marcus M. Hollis, George F. Hickey, Hugh. Hunt, James W, Hunt, Lewis A. Howard, Albert. Harris, John D. Hollis, Lemuel. Hogan, Richard. Hodge, Jerome R. Halloran, Matthew 0. Hand, Peter B. Harris, James F. Harris, John, Holbrook, Hiram. Holbrook, Seth. Howard, Heury B, Howard, Henry M. Howard, Simeon. Healy, Jeremiah, Hopkins, Jonathan. Hollis, Galen. Hunt, George T. Huut, Charles E. Harris, Rufus F. Holbrook, James M. Howard, George W. Holbrook, Joel J. Hollis, George W. Howard, Edwin W. Hammond, Laban S. Hall, James. Heger, Peter. Hannavan, John. Hodges, James. Hoeg, Joel. Herin, William 0. Hedericks, John. Hatcher, Henry. Howard, George. Howard, Cornelius. Hand, Thomas F. Howard, James T. Hunt, Caleb F. Hanna, George B. Ingell, Benjamin. Ingell, JohnT. Ingell, J. Wilson. Ives, Edward L. Ingell, Charles A. Joy, Henry. Jones, Leonard. Jones, James M. Jones, Rufus J. Jones, James. Jones, Walter A. Jones, George W. Jaquith, Franklin. Jordan, James. Jones, Adam W. JoneB, Obediah (2d). Johnson, George M. Joines, Joseph. Knight, George E. Knight, Nelson E. Kiley, Henry. Kneeland, Thomas. King, Seth T. King, Royal T. Kennedy, John A. King, Joel. Kiley, Patrick. Kelleher, Cornelius. Kiley, Dennis, Kiley, John. Keirnan, Felix. Keegan, Patrick. Keegan, William. Kiley, Henry. Kennedy, James. Kiley, Michael. Kelliher, John C. Keirnan, Edward. Kelliher, Michael. Kerrigan, Frank. Kinsley, William. Kingman, John W. Knapp, C. J. F. Kissick, James H. Kinsley, Wilson. Kenney, Joseph. Knight, Austin G. Kerrigan, James. Keefe, John. Lovering, Isaac J. Lovering, George M. Loud, William. Lyons, William. Leavitt, Aaron. Law, John A. Lyons, John W. Leonard, John W. Leach, Charles. Lynch, Michael. Lally, Daniel. Law, Thomas. Linus, Alfred. Lake, Peter. Leavenworth, Charles R. Libbey, Roscoe. Leonard, Edward W, Leonard, Frank. Littlefield, John S. Littlefield, Roger S. Morton, Asa H. Morton, Isaac. Mann, John Andrew. Morse, Lysander C. Moran, Matthew. McCarty, John. McCarty, Michael. Maney, JameB. Macomber, Daniel R. McMahon, Edward. McCue, John. Mann, George W. McMair, William. Madan, Washington. Madan, William. Murray, John. Miller, Charles. Miller, Henry. Mann, Sidney A. Murphy, Michael. Mullins, John. McCabe, Joseph. Mann, John. Masterson, Michael. McAuliff, Richard. McKennia, John. MeGinnis, John. Mullins, Jeremiah. McVey, John. Mahoney, John. McLaughlin, Edward. McGrath, Thomas. McMahon, Peter. Morgan, Edward. May, Albert M. Mann, NelBon. May, Calvin. May, John. Miller, Benjamin L. Mann, Moses. Madan, William. Mann, George W. Maxim, John. Mooney, Dauiel. Murray, James. McCalb, Joseph. Murphy, John. Middleton, Robert L. Moerisey, William. McSweeny, Daniel. Miller, Alexander. Mickle, Charles. Myers, Henry. Morrisey, William. McNair, Richard. Madigan, John. Madan, Elihu. Niles, Horace. Niles, Jonathan S. Nightengale, Frederick. Noonan. Thomas W. Nast, John. Nightengale, Alvan H. Newcomb, Francis. Nye, Oliver C. Otis, William W. O'Brien, John, Jr. O'Holloran, James, O'Neil, Jeremiah. O'Neil, John. O'Neil, Daniel. O'Riley, Frank. O'Towle, Patrick. O'Brien, Michael. O'Brien, Richard. O'Holloran, Thomas. O'Neil, Timothy. Palmer, William. Perry, William. Boppy, Martin S. Packard, Horace M. Poole, Charles, Poole, J. Franklin. Payne, Samuel H. Pratt, Charles E. Pratt, E. Francis. Poole, Marcus M. Pierce, Leonard. Payne, Ezra A. Payne, Adoniram A. Phillips, Zebulon S. Pope, David. Pratt, Abraham W. Packard, Horatio. Parker, Albert. Pratt, Richmond T. Paul, Leonard B. Payson, Charles W. Powers, John. Pennypacker, Frank. Paine, Jonathan S. Penell, Arthur. PerkinH, Enoch. Pratt, Henry. Pyne, John. Prescott, Charles. Quimbley, John B. Remick, Prescott. 992 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. Rienstlow, John. Raymond, Harvey E. Reed, Edwin. Richards, Joseph. Riley, James. Riley, John F. Rouke, John. Riley, Alexander. Reardon, Daniel. £$\ Rooney, Peter. Regan, Dennis. Raynolds, 0. A. Rooney, Johm#*"Kt" Rogers, Martin. Ryan, William. Reardon, Patrick. Riley, John. Rowell, James A. Richards, Joseph. Rowe, Luther. Riley, Francis. Randall, William, Robbins, J. E. Regan Charles. Rudolph, Jacob. Riley, Charles F. Smith, William A. Snow, Hiram. Sloan, PeterS. Sloan, George S. Sloan, Isaac H. Sloan, Joseph V. Smith, George L. Sessler, Jacob. Stetson, Charles T. Spear, James. Stetson, Albert W. Stetson, L. Alonzo. Stetson, Abel Columbus. Sprague, Quincy. Snow, William F. Snell, George A. Stimpson, William H. Sullivan, Cornelius. Smith, Henry F. Sylvester, John A. Sylvester, John Q. A. Sweeney, Patrick. Spear, George C. Shed, William H. Smith, George. Spear, William B. Shaw, Martin V. B. Simpson, Elbridge G. Snow, Henry. Sprague, Alvin H. Stetson, Francis E. Sullivan, Patrick E. Smith, Francis, Stetson, George A. Stetson, William B. Smith, Lewis T. Smith, George N. Stauffer, Schoff. Slaughter, Edward. Smith, Asa. Strong, Asa S. Slack, Henry. Stephens, Abednego. Salkfield, Thomas. Smith,' Henson. Thayer, Royal W. Thayer, Leonard. Thayer, Levi Frank. Thayer, Isaac, Jr. Thayer, Henry W. Thayer, Henry Martin. < Thayer, Henry Carter. Thayer, Philander W. Thayer, Nelson L, Thayer, James Riley. Thayer, Minot. Thayer, Orrin T, Thayer, James M. Thayer, Charles Payson. Thayer, Ephraim H. Thayer, Samuel. Thayer, George W. Thayer, N. A. Thayer, Joseph W. Thayer, Charles Lincoln. Thayer, Charles Luther. Thayer, Charles H. Thayer, Thomas H. B. Thayer, Warren, Jr. Thayer, Alson W. Thayer, Thomas B. Thayer, Charles Packard. Tileston, George Henry. Turner, John P. Tillson, William. Townsend, Newton. Tower, Morton F. Turuer, Warren C. Tower, Minot. Twohig, Maurice. Turner, Frederick. Taylor, Marcus. Tower, Charles W. Taunt, Loring. Tynan, John. Thompson, James. Taylor, Ira A. E. Tower, Christopher. Tarbox, Elbridge G. Townsend, Adoniram J. Tully, Bartlett. Turner, Benjamin F. Upham, Lyman. Uniack, Richard. Uniack, Robert. Veazie, Walter C. Viele, Sidney B. Valentine, George. Wilbur, Otis F. Wales, Hiram F. Wiunett, Wendell W. White, William Leander. Wales, Eiisha Linfield. White, George Bailey. Wortman, Frank M. Wild, Charles H. White, Lawrence. Willis, Thomas E. Whitten, William. Woods, William H. Whalen, ThomaB. Ward, Christopher. Whitmarsh, Thomas F. Ward, Eugene F. Ward, Thomas P. Ward, John. Wilkinson, Richard. Whieldon, Joseph. Williams, John. Woodman, William Horace Weathee, Charles. Warren, John E. Wood, James. White, Cornelius L. White, Philemon. Wren, Bernard. Woodbury, Frank V. Whiting, Otis S. Whiting, Sidney S. Whiting, Otis. Wetherbee, Horace N. Wetherbee, Martin P. White, Samuel. White, James W. Winnett, George H. Willard, Augustus. Wild, Theodore S. White, Robert S. Ward, Charles W. Wetherbee, JoBeph W. Wetherbee, Orrin. Wetherbee, Erville. Wetherbee, David. Whelom, Thomas. Wilbur, Joseph W. Weeks, Charles H. West, Lorenzo. Williams, Thomas. Wing, Francis H. Ward, Thomas F. White, Samuel A. Whitcomb, Ephraim F. Washburn, George. Young, Isaac E. Teaton, Stephen C. List of Randolph Selectmen,— The list of gentle men who have in years past served the town of Ran dolph as selectmen, as printed in the body of the history, was furnished to the writer of the Randolph article from what was believed to be an authoritative source. While the sheets were passing through the press, however, certain errors were -discovered in it. The list below given has been carefully revised, and is thought to be entirely accurate : 1793.- 1794.- 1795.- 1796.- 1797.- 1798.- 1799.- 1800.- 1801.- 1802.-1803.- 1804.- 1805.-1806.-1807.-1808.-1809.-1810.-1811.-1812.- 1813.- 1814.- 1815.-1816- 1817.- 1818.-1819.-1820.-1821.-1822.-1823.-1824,-1825.-1826.- 1827.- 1828.-1829.-1830.- 1831.- 1832.-1833.-1834.-1835.- 1836.- 1837.- 1838.- 1839.- 1840.- -Joseph White, Jr., Dr. Ebenezer Alden, Micah White, Jr. -Joseph White, Jr., Dr. Ebenezer Alden, Micah White, Jr. -Joseph White, Jr., Samuel Bass, Micab White, Jr. -Joseph White, Jr., Samuel Bass, Micah White, Jr. -Joseph White, Jr., Samuel Bass, Micah White, Jr. -Joseph White, Jr., Samuel Bass, Micah White, Jr. -Joseph White, Jr., Thomas French, Micah White, Jr. -Joseph White, Jr., Samuel Bass, Micah White, Jr. -Joseph White, Jr., Zacheus Thayer, Micah White, Jr. -Joseph White, Jr., Samuel Bass, Micah White, Jr. -Joseph White, Jr., Samuel Bass, Micah White, Jr. -Joseph White, Jr., Samuel Bass, Jonathan Belcher. -Thomas French, Samuel Linfield, Micah White, Jr. -Thomas French, Samuel Linfield, Micah White, Jr. -Thomas French, Joseph Porter, Micah Wrhite, Jr. -Thomas French, Nathaniel Spear, Micah White, Jr. -Thomas French, Samuel Linfield, Micah White, Jr. -Thomas French, Samuel Linfield, Micah White, Jr. -Thomas French, Samuel Linfield, Micah White, Jr. -Jonathan Wales, Jr., Samuel Linfield, Micah White, Jr. -Jonathan Wales, Jr., Jacob Whitcomb, Jr., Micah White, Jr. -Jonathan Wales, Jr., Joseph Linfield. Micah White, Jr. -Jonathan Wales, Jr., Joseph Linfield, Micah White, Jr. -Jonathan Wales, Jr., Joseph Linfield, Micah White, Jr. -Jonathan Wales, Jr., Joseph Linfield, Micah White, Jr. -Royal Turner, Seth Mann, Zenas French. -Luther Thayer, Seth Mann, Zenas French. ¦Luther Thayer, Seth Mann, Zenas French. -Zenas French, Seth Mann, Royal Turner. -Joseph Linfield, Seth Mann, Royal Turner. -Joseph Linfield, Seth Mann, Royal Turner. -Joseph Linfield, Seth Mann, Royal Turner. -Joseph Linfield, Horatio B. Alden, Thomas Howard. -Lewis Whitcomb, Horatio B. Alden, Thomas Howard. -Lewis Whitcomb, Horatio B. Alden, Thomas Howard. -Seth Mann, Royal Turner, Lewis Whitcomb. -Seth Mann, John Porter, Henry B. Alden. -Seth Mann, John Porter, Henry B. Alden. -Joshua Spear, Jr., David Blanchard, Henry B. Alden. -Joshua Spear, Jr., David Blanchard, Henry B. Alden. -Jonathan White, Zeba Spear, Henry B. Alden. -David Blanchard, Zeba Spear, Henry B. Alden. -Joshua Sppar, Jr., Zenas French, Jr., Samuel Thayer. -Joshua Spear, Jr., Zenas French, Jr., Samuel Thayer. -Joshua Spear, Jr., Zenas French, Jr., Samuel Thayer. -Joshua Spear, Jr., Zenas French, Jr., Samuel Thayer. -Benjamin Richards. Zenas French, Jr., Isaac Tower. ¦Benjamin Richards, Zenas French, Jr., Isaac Tower. APPENDIX. 993 1S41-— Benjamin Richards, Zenas French, Jr., Isaac Tower. 1842. — Benjamin Richards, Zenas French, Jr., Isaac Tower. 1843.— Benjamin Richards, Zenas French, Jr., Isaac Tower. 1844. — Benjamin Richards, Zenas French, Jr., Isaac Tower. 1845.— Aaron Prescott, Zenas Frencli, Jr., Isaac Tower. 1846. — Jonathan Wales, Zenas French, Jr., Isaac Tower, 1847. — Jonathan Wales. Zenas French, Jr., Tsaac Tower. 1848. — Jonathan Wales, ZenaB French, Jr., Isaac Tower. 1849. — Jonathan Wales, Zenas French, Jr., Isaac Tower. 1850. — Jonathan Wales, Zenas French, Jr., Isaac Tower. 1851. — Bradford L. Wales, Zenas French, Jr., Isaac Tower. 1852. — David Blanchard, Bradford L. Wales, Archibald Woodman. 1853.— John T. Jordan, Bradford L. Wales, J. White Belcher. 1854.— Seth Mann (in), Thomas White, Jr., J. White Belcher. 1855.— Seth Maun (2d), Thomas White, Jr., J. White Belcher. 1856. — Seth Mann (2d), Jacob Whitcomb, Ephraim Mann. 1857. — Seth Mann (2d), Jacob Whitcomb, Ephraim Mann. 1858. — Lemuel S. Whitcomb, Jacob Whitcomb, Horatio B. Alden, Jr. 1859. — Seth Mann (2d), Jacob Whitcomb, Horatio B. Alden, Jr. I860.— Seth Mann (2d), Jacob Whitcomb, Horatio B. Alden, Jr. 1861.— J. White Belcher, Lemuel S. Whitcomb, Horatio B. Alden, Jr. 1862.— J. White Belcher, Seth Mann (2d), Lemuel S. Whitcomb. 1863.— J. White Belcher, Seth Mann (2d), Lemuel S. Whitcomb. 1864.— J. White Belcher, Seth Mann (2d), John Adams. 1865. — J. White Belcher, Nathauiel Howard, John Adams. 1866. — J. White Belcher, Nathaniel Howard, John Adams. 1867. — J. White Belcher, Jacob Whitcomb, Nathaniel Howard. lgG8. — J. White Belcher, Jacob Whitcomb, Horatio B. Alden, Jr. 1869. — J. White Belcher, John Underhay, Horatio B. Alden. 1870. — J. White Belcher, John Underhay, Horatio B. Alden. 1871. — J. White Belcher, John Underhay, Horatio B. Alden. 1872.— J. White Belcher, Seth Mann (2d), Horatio B. Alden. 1873.— J. White Belcher, John T. Flood, Seth Mann (2d). 1S74.— J. White Belcher, John T. Flood, James A. Tower. 1875.— J. White Belcher, John T. Flood, James A. Tower. 1876.— John T. Flood, Seth Mann (2d), Sidney French. 1877.— John T. Flood, James A. Tower, Daniel Howard. 1878.— John T. Flood, James A. Tower, Daniel Howard. 1879.— John T. Flood, James A. Tower, Daniel Howard, 1880.— John T. Flood, Sidney French, Royal T. Mann. 1881.— John T. Flood, John Berry Thayer, Royal T. Mann. 1882.— John T. Flood, John Berry Thayer, Royal T. Mann. 1883.— Rufus Albert Thayer, John Berry Thayer, Royal T. Mann. 1864. Handel Pond. 1865. Philander P. Cook. 1867. James T. Ford. 1870. Lowell R. Blake. 1871. George Sheldon. 1873. Abraham W. Harris. 1874. George M. Warren. 1876. William R. Tompkins. DELEGATES TO CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTIONS. 1779. Thomas Man. ! 1820. Allen Tillinghast. Lemuel Kollock. 1820. Samuel Day. Samuel Bugbee. 1853. Samuel Warner. STATE SENATORS. Lucus Pond, Melatiah Everett. Oliver Felt. Samuel Warner, Jr. Calvin Fisher, Jr. WRENTHAM. REPRESENTATIVES TO THE GENERAL COURT. 1691, 1697.1707. 1710. 1717.1719. 1721. 1723.1726.1727.1728.1733.1737. 1740. 1746.1756.1766.1775. 1776. 1782. 1784. 1787. 1789. 1804.1805.1807. Samuel Fisher. Cornelius Fisher. John Ware. John Guild. John Whiting. Ebenezer Fisher. Thomas Bacon. Robert Ware. Edward Gay. Jonathan Ware. Robert Pond. Robert Blake. William Man. Timothy Metcalf. James Blake. John Goldsbury. Elephalet Whiting. Jabez Fisher. Lemuel Kollock. Joseph Hawes. Ebenezer Daggett. Benjamin Guild. Joseph Fairbanks. Oliver Pond. John Whiting. Nathan Comstock. Cornelius Kollock. Samuel Day. Benjamin Sheppard. 63 1809. James Ware. Jacob Mann. 1812. Jairus Mann. Samuel Druce. 1813. William Blackinton. 1821. Josiah J. Fiske. 1824. David Shepard. 1826. Ebeuezer Blake. 1828. George Hawes. 1829. Allen Tillinghast. 1831. Oliver Felt. Lucus Pond. 1834. John Fuller. Shem Armsby. 1837. Preston Pond. Silas Metcalf. 1839. John A. Craig. Otis G. Cheever. 1842. Samuel Warner. 1843. Preston Day. 1846. Reuben G. Metcalf. 1849. Eiisha Fisk. 1854. Benjamin Hawes. 1855. Charles W. Farrington. 1856. Preston Pond. 1858. Edward C. Craig. 1859. Chauncy G. Fuller. 1861. Harvey B. Coleman. 1862. Caleb W. Sayles. Samuel Day. Josiah J. Fiske. Allen Tillinghast. Ebenezer Blake. George Hawes. MEMBERS OF REVOLUTIONARY CONVENTIONS. 1774. Lemuel Kollock. Samuel Lethbridge. 1768. Jabex Fisher. 1774. Jabez Fisher. Ebenezer Daggett. Military Record, 1861-65. — The subjoined list contains the names of persons who were mustered into the military service of the United States in the civil war of 1861, for Wrentham. It includes the names both of citizens and of others who enlisted as a part of the town's quota : Allen, Joseph H. Ally, John. Alvine, William. Anderson, George. Andrews, Charles. Auty, George. Babbitt, James B. Ballou, Darius A. Ballou, William C. Barnes, George F. Barnes, Henry W. Barnicoat, John W. Baron, Patrick. Baron, William D. Barton, Albert. Bathe, Anthony. Bauman, Antoine. Bonn, Henry. Bennett, Aaron A. Bennett, Alonzo F. Bennett, David S. Blackinton, Jacob A. Blackinton, James E. Blackinton, Lyman D. Blake, Adin P. Blake, Alfred. Blake, Ezra N. Blake, Jeremiah D. Blake, William L. Block, Abel R. Bonney, Frank K. Bontelle, James H. Brine, John. Britton, James H. Britton, Richard. Brown, Charles. Brown, George L. Brown, Orlando. Burroughs, Edward. Burton, Albert W. Bugbee, Samuel H. Cain, John. Caldwell, Robert. Carroll, Timothy. Cheever, Horace C. Clifford, Charles. Cobb, Alfred O. Cobb, Henry G. Cody, George. Cole, Joseph E. Conley, Cornelius. Connors, Daniel. Cook, Herbert E. Crosby, Edmund B. Crossley, Benjamin. Crotty, Edward. Crotty, Daniel. Clotty, James P. Cunningham, Arthur. Cunningham, Charles T. Daggett, Marcus L. Daly, Michael. Darling, Wilson. Dart, Allen E. Dart, Gustavus F. Dermont, Joseph. Dimond, Richard H. Dow, Charles S. Downs, Matthew. Drake, George R. Draper, Ebenezer. Dunbar, John A. Dupee, George S. Elliott, Sumner. Emerson, James. Engly, George. Fales, David. Fales| Henry A. Fales, Silas E. Farnsworth, James P. Farnum, Albert N. Farrington, Watson H. Farry, Michael. Farry, Samuel. Firm, Bernard. Fisher, Daniel W. Fisher, Harrison. FiBher, Lewis B. Fisher, Oliver A. Fisher, William H. Fletcher, Nath. F. Fletcher, Stephen R. Forrest, Frederic D. Foster, John. Foster, Peter. Freeman, Dexter B. 994 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. French, John. Fuhriuan, Michael. Gage, Samuel C. Cage, William L. Calvin, Maurice J. Ganay, Robert. Giles, William H. Gordak, William N. Gragg. Michael. Green, Nelson S. •Green, Ebenezer. Greer, Frederic E. Grover, Jeremiah 0. Harney, Michael. Harris, William A. Harris, Warren. Hawes, Albert E. Hawes, Edward. Hawes, Elijah E. Hawes, William H. Hawkiup, Albert. Hay, Henry E. Hemmenway, Frank W. Hemmenway, William W. Henry, John. Henry, Thomas. Herrick, Joseph T. Hogan, David. Hogan, Patrick. Hollis, Alonzo. Hunt, Bernard. Ide, Nathaniel. Inman, William L. Jordan, Hartley D. Jordan, Henry A. Jordan, Horatio A. Jordan, Lowell A. Keenan, James. Kendall, Charles P. Keyes, George R. Kingsbury, Forrest B. Kingsley, Samuel C. Lake, Edgar B. Lake, Peter. Lewis, Robert, Little, Henry. Lord, Frost. Maintien, George H. Mann, Thomas H. Marcoe, John. Mason, Edwin A. Mathews, John. Maynard, Stephen. MayBhaw, Henry. McCarty, John. McCarty, Daniel. McCausland, William. McCormick, . McGaw, Alexander. McNulty, Bernard. Messinger, Charles W. Metcalf, Edgar H. Metcalf, Silas H. Miles, Bradley S. Morrison, Charles E. Monison, John. Munroe, Charles D. Munroe, Charles E. Murphy, Martin V. Murphy, Matthew. Newman, John. Nickerson, Albert A. Nickerson, Silas E. O'Connor, Patrick. Odey, Henry. Odey, William B. Olmure, Winslow. Parnett, Pias. Partridge, Edmund F. Pettee, William H. Pond, Klijah. Pond, Elbridge S. Pryor, Thomas. Rand, George S. Ray, George A. Raymond, John. Regan, Michael. Rice, Henry T. Richardson, Alfred A. Richardson, James 0. Richardson, Warren A. Roberts, James H. Rockwood, Benjamin H. Ruggles, George E. Salisbury, Norton. Sanborn, George G. Sears, Albert A. Sears, Theophilus M. Shaw, Lewis. Shiney, Alexander. Short, Dennis. Simons, George W. Skinner, Zenas. Smith, Francis. Smith, Marcus M. Smith, Richard. Smith, William L. Smith, William T. Stewart, David C. Stone, George T. Sturdy, Albert W. Sullivan, James. Sullivan, Jeremiah. Swett, C. W. Swzor, John. Tarr, Albert. Thain, Gilbert M. Thayer, Emory D. Thayer, Lyman L. Thomas, William H. Thompson, Juson S. "Vaughn, Daniel S. Vose, Cyrus W. Ware, Henry A. Whitcomb, George W. White, Rufus. Whiting, John H. Whiting, Lewis R. Wiggins, James F. Willard, Ashbel. Willard, I'aniel C. Willard, Eber. Willard. Le Baron B. Williams, Edward B. Williams, Rounsville. Wilherell, Naaman W. Wood, Josiah A. G. Wood, William E. Young, Austin. Young, Francis. It is hardly to be expected that the foregoing list will be found strictly accurate, notwithstanding much time and labor have been expended in trying to make it so. Some of our townsmen served in the military organizations of other States, and that service is not recorded in Massachusetts. NAMES OF THOSE WHO SERVED IN THE OTHER STATES. Austin, John E. Butman, Warren. Barnes, Norman K. Ray, Frank P. Barnes, Edwin H. NAMES OF THOSE WHO SERVED IN THE NAVY. Baxter, John. Hawes, John F. Chapin, Thomas E. Churchill, Gardner A. Hawes, James E. Hawes, George A. Hazelton, John A. Messinger, William A. DEDHAM. The Dedham Transcript was established April 1, 1870, by John Cox, Jr., Samuel H. Cox, and Hugh H. McQuillen, proprietors. At the end of a year Messrs. John Cox and H. H. McQuillen retired from the proprietorship, and Mr. Samuel H. Cox was the editor and proprietor from that time until Feb. 26, 1881, when it was purchased by Mr. Hugh H. Mc Quillen, who has continued it to the present time. It is an excellent local paper and merits its present prosperity. The Dedham Standard was first published in Sep tember, 1882, by Walter L. Wardle & Co., who have continued to publish it up to the present time (1884). Ifcis a good local journal and.is entitled to its success. Dedham Representatives to the General Court. — A list of representatives from 1696 to 1846, for con secutive years, was published in Mann's " Annals of Dedham" in 1847, which is incorporated into the following list. Before that time the sources of making a complete list are not easily accessible. The first representative, or deputy, was Edward Alleyne, who served four years. In 1640 he was suc ceeded by M;ij. Eleazer Lusher, who served many years. Capt. Daniel Fisher, the first of that name, served from 1658 to 1682, excepting two years. He was Speaker of the House in 1680. His successor was Capt. Timothy Dwight, who also served many years. Richard Ellis and Thomas Metcalf were rep resentatives afterwards, and before 1696, when the following list begins: 1696. John Fuller. 1697. Thomas Metcalf. 1698. Asahel Smith. 1699. Josiah Fisher. 1700^. dipt. Daniel Fisher, 1705-11. John Fuller. 1712-13. Capt. Daniel Fisher. 1714. Eleazar Kingsbury. 1715-17. John Fuller. 1718. Dea. Jonathan Metcalf. 1719. Capt. Samuel Guild. 1720-22. Joseph Ellis, Jr. 1723-24. Thomas Fuller. 1725-26. Lieut. Joshua Fisher. 1727-28. Joseph Ellis, Sr. 1729. Eleazar Ellis, 1730-34. Joseph Ellis. 1735-40. John Metcalf. 1741. Joseph Ellis. 1742. Joseph Richards. 1743. Richard Ellis. 1744-50. Col. Joseph Richards. 1751. Deacon Joseph Ellis. 1752-54. Joseph Richards, Esq. 1755. Voted not to send. 1756-57. Dea. Nathaniel Sumner. 1758-59. Dea. Joseph Ellis. 1760. Capt. Jonathan Metcalf. 1761. Eliphalet Pond, Esq. 1762. Natjianiel Sumner, Esq. 1763. Eliphalot Pond, Esq. 1764-68. Samuel Dexter, Esq. 1769-70. Nathaniel Sumner, Esq. 1771-73. Abner Ellis. APPENDIX. 995 1774. Samuel Dexter. Abner Ellis. 1775. Samuel Dexter. Abner Ellis. 1776. Abner Ellis. Joimthnn Metcalf. 1777. Abner Ellis. 1778-79. Jonathan Metcalf. 1780. Abner Ellis. 1781. Abner Ellis. Ebenezer Battle. 1782-83. Capt. Joseph Guild. 1784. Nathaniel Kingsbury. 1785. Nathaniel Kingsbury. Samuel Dexter. 1786-87. Nathaniel Kingsbury. 1788. Fisher AmeB. Nathaniel Kingsbury. 1789-90. Joseph Guild. 1791. Nathaniel Ames. 1792-93. Nathaniel Ames. Nathaniel Kingsbury. 1794. Nathaniel Kingsbury. Isaac Bullard. 1795-1800. Isaac Bullard. 1S01. Isaac Bullard. Ebenezer Fisher. 1802-4. Ebenezer Fisher. 1805. Ebenezer Fisher. John Endicott. 1806. Ebenezer Fisher. John Endicott. Isaac Bullard. 1807. John Endicott. Isaac Bullard. Samuel H. Deane. 3808-13. John Endicott. Samuel H. Deane. Jonathan Richards. 1814. John Endicott. Erastus Wnrthiugton. Col. Abner Ellis. 1815. Erastus Worthington. Samuel H. Deane. Ool. Abner Ellis. 1816. John Endicott. Abner Ellis. William Ellis. 1817. Abner Ellis. William Ellis. Timothy Gay, Jr. 1818-20. William Ellis. 1821. Edward Dowse. 1822. John W. Ames. 1823. William Ellis. Col. Aimer Ellis. Pliny Bingham. 182-1. William Ellis. 1824. Pliny Bingham. Josiiih S. Fisher. 1825-26. Richard Ellis. 1827-2'J. Richard Ellis. Horace Mann. 1830. Richard Ellis. Horace Mann. John Endicott. 1831. Theron Metcalf (in May). Richard Ellis (in November). Horace Mann (in November). 1832. Theron Metcalf. John W. Ames. 1833. Theron Metcalf. Richard Ellis. John Morse. 1834. John Endicott. John Morse. Daniel Covell. 1835. William Ellis. Daniel Marsh. John Dean (3d). 1836. Joshua Fales. John Morse. Daniel Covell. 1837. Joshua Fales. John Moise. Daniel Covell. 1838^10. Joshua Fales. 1841-43. Merrill D. Ellis. 1844-45. Joseph Day. 1846-47. Edward L. Keyes. 1848. Ezra Wilkinson. 1849-50. No representative chosen. 1851. Ezra Wilkinson. 1852. No representative choBen. 1853-54. Waldo Colburn. 1855. Curtis G. Morse. 1856. Ezra Wilkinson. 1857-59. Ezra W. Taft. 1S60-62. Eliphalet Stone. 1863. William Bullard. 1864. Ezra W. Taft. 1SG5-66. Thomas L. Wakefield. 1867. Addison Boyden. 1S68. John R. Bullard. 1869. Eliphalet Stone. 1870-71. John R. Bullard. 1872. Augustus B. Endicott. 1873. Frederick D. Ely. 1874. Augustus B. Endicott. 1875. Lewis Day. 1876-77. John Doggett Cobb. 1878. Henry C. Bonney. 1879. Tyler Thayer. 1880. William J. Wallace. 1881-83. Thomas J. Baker. 1884. Alonzo B. Wentworth. Military Record.— The following is a roll of officers and men from or credited to the town of Dedham, who served in the army or navy of the United States during the war of the Rebellion, 1861-65.1 The names of those men are included who are known to have had-a connection with Dedham by birth, resi dence, or enlistment upon the quotas of men furnished by the town during the war. Names are arranged according to the number of the regiments. Where no rank is named, that of private is to be understood. The date first named is the date of the muster in. i This roll was prepared for and printed with the exercises and ad dress at the dedication of Memorial Hall, Sept. 29, 1868, by Erastus Worthington, Esq., the writer of the history of Dedham for this work. Confinement in rebel prisons, and wounds when the cause of death or discharge, are mentioned so far as known. Names of those who died in the service are distinguished by an asterisk. Infantry. FIRST REGIMENT (Three Tears). Benjamin Blanchard, Co. H, May 31, 1861 ; must, out May 25, 1864. SECOND REGIMENT (Three Years). James Pinney, Co. F, May 26, 1861 ; must, out May 25, 1864. Lafayette Perkins (New Hampshire), Co. K, May 26,1861; vet. vol. ; must, out June 17, 1865. *Michael Hennihan, Co. H, May 26, 1861; killed at Chancellorsville, Va.,May 3, 1863. THIRD REGIMENT (Three Months). Erastus W. Everson, sergt, Co. A, April 23,1861; must, out July 22, 1861. (See 18th Regt., Co. H.) FOURTH REGIMENT (Three Months). Albert A. Nichols, sergt., Co. A, April 22, 1861 ; must, out July 22, 1861. FIFTH REGIMENT (Three Months). James H. Griggs, Co. B, May 1, 1861; prisoner July 21, 1861 (Bull Run); exchanged June 1, 1862. (See 33d Regt.) Charles W. Strout, ser^t., Co. C, May 1, 1861 ; must, out July 31, 1861. Edwin H. Robertson, Co. E, May 1, 1861 ; must, out July 31, 1861. FIFTH REGIMENT (One Hundred Days). Charles E. Grant, Co. F, July 16, 1804 ; must, out Nov. 16, 1864. Nathan 0. Weeks, Co. F, July 16, 1864; must, out Nov. 16, 1864. Henry Weeks, Co. F, July 16, 181.1 ; must, out Nov. 16, 1864. (See 43d Regiment.) SIXTH REGIMENT (One Hundred Days). Edward F. Clark, Co. H, July 16, 1864; must, out Oct. 27, 1864. SEVENTH REGIMENT (Three Tears). Albinah H. Burgess (Dorchester), Co. E, June 15, 1861; must, out March 23, 1863, for disability. James Sheehau, Co. G, June 15, 1861 ; must, out June 27, 1864. Charles E. Park, Co. G, June 15, 1801 ; mu«t out June 27, 1864. Thomas Smeedy, Co. G, June 15, 1861 ; must, out June 27,1864. ELEVENTH REGIMENT (Three Years). Mark Morse, musician, Co. I, June 13, 1861 ; must, out June 24, 1864. Audiew Thompson, drummer, Co. F, June 13, 1861 ; Dec. 1, 1863, trans. to Vet. Kes. Corps. TWELFTH REGIMENT (Three Years). *CharIes L. Carter, Co. B, June 25, 1863 ; re-enl. 39th Regt., Co. E. THIRTEENTH REGIMENT (Three Years). Sigourney Wales, sergt., Co. C, July 16", 1861; pro. 2d lieut. Feb. 3,1863; trans, to 55th Regt. May 23, 1863. James L. McCoy, Co. C, July 16,1861; pro. 1st sergt.: must, out Aug. 1, 1864. William S. Damrell, Co. D, July 16, 1861 ; pro. 2d lieut. March 6, 1863 ; 1st lieut. Jan. 8, 1S64; pro. capt. April 22,1864; prisoner of war, 1864; must, out Aug. 1, 1864. John Callahan, Co. G, July 16, 1861 ; disch. Feb. 19, 1S63, for disability. FIFTEENTH REGIMENT (Three Years). Fred. Page, musician, Aug. 5, 1861 ; must, out Aug. 8, 1862, under gen eral order. SIXTEENTH REGIMENT (Three Years). Charles W. Blenus, musician, Aug. 10, 1861 ; must, out Aug. 9, 1862, under general order. EIGHTEENTH REGIMENT (Three Years). Edward M. Onion, sergt.-maj., Aug. 24, 1S61 ; 2d lieut. Oct. 29, 1861 ; 1st lieut. Sept. 1, 1862 ; capt. May 2, 1863; must, out Sept. 2, 1864. Alfred A. Bestwick, musician, Aug. 24, 1861; must, out Aug. 11, 1862, under general order. Isaac W. Weathers, musician, Aug. 24, 1861 ; must, out Aug. 11, 1862, under general order. 996 HISTORY OP NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. Isaac Wallace White, musician, Aug. 24, 1861; must, out Aug. 11, 1862, under general order. Henry Onion, capt., Co. F, July 26, 1861 ; must, out Oct. 28, 1861. *Charles W. Carroll, 1st lieut., Co. F, July 26, 1861 ; capt. Oct. 29, 1861 ; died Sept. 2, 1862, of wounds received at 2d battle of Bull Run, Ya., Aug. 30, 1862. Fisher A. Baker, 2d lieut., Co. F, July 26, 1861; 1st lieut. Oct. 29, 1861; adjt. April, 1862 ; lieut.-col. Aug. 25, 1864, but declined commission ; must, out Sept. 2, 1864. Warren B. Galucia, 1st sergt., Co. F, Aug. 24, 1861 ; disch. November, 1862, for sickness. (See 56th Regt.) James M. Pond, sergt., Co. F, Aug. 24, 1861 ; 1st sergt. ; promoted 1st lieut. Jan. 15, 1864 ; October, 1864, re-enlisted, and trans, to 23d Regt. John K. Thompson, sergt., Co. F, Aug. 24, 1861 ; disch. in 1863 for sick ness. Joseph W. Pratt, sergt., Co. F, Aug. 24, 1861 ; disch. in 1861 for sickness. John D. Andrews, sergt., Co. F, Aug. 24, 1861 ; must, out Sept. 2, 1864. William C. Coburn, corp., Co. F, Aug. 24, 1861; sergt. 1861; 1st lieut. Jan. 15, 1864; must, out Sept. 30, 1864. Edward Shattuck, Corp., Co. F, Aug. 24, 1861; sergt. 1862; must, out Sept. 2, 1864. William Simpson, Corp., Co. F, Aug. 24, 1861 ; disch. in 1862 for woundB received at 2d Bull Run, Aug. 30, 1862. Henry G. Gerritzen, Corp., Co. F, Aug. 24, 1861; disch. in 1863, for sick ness. Amasa Guild, corp., Co. F, Aug. 24, 1861 ; 1st lieut. Jan. 15, 1864; must. out Sept. 30, 1864. Edward F. Richards, Corp., Co. F, Aug. 24, 1861 ; q.m.-sergt. 1862 ; must out Sept. i, 1864. Charles Hawkins, drummer, Co. F, Aug. 24, 1861; must, out Sept. 2, 1864. Elias W. Adams, Co. F, Aug 24, 1861; disch. i n 1862 for wounds re ceived at 2d Bull Run. (See 56th Regt., Co. H.) George W. Brigham, Co. F, Aug. 24, 1861 ; Corp. 1861 ; sergt. 1862 ; pris oner at expiration of service. Charles J. Bryant, Co. F, Aug. 24, 1861 ; must, out Sept. 2, 1864. James Clements, Co. F, Aug. 24, 1861; disch. in 1863 for wounds re ceived at Fredericksburg. Timothy Collins, Co. F, Aug. 24, 1861 ; corp. 1863 ; must, out Sept. 2, 1864. *Edward G. Cox, Co. F, Aug. 24, 1861 ; disch. in 1862 for wounds re ceived at 2d Bull Run ; re-enl. 1st sergt. 37th U. S. C. Troops, Jan. 18, 1864; died Oct. 22, 1864. *Robert R. Covey, Co. F, Aug. 24, 1861 ; killed at Bull Run Aug. 30, 1862. Sumner A. Ellis, Co. F, Aug. 21, 1861; disch. in 1862 for wounds re ceived at 2d Bull Run. (See 56th Regt., Co. H.) Henry C. Everett, Co. F, Aug. 24, ,1861 ; re-enl. Jan. 1,1864; tranB. to 32d Regt. Franklin Fisher, Co. F, Aug. 24, 1861 ; disch. in 1863 for sickness. William P. Fairbanks, Co. F, Aug. 1861 ; re-enl. Jan. 1864 ; trans, to 32d Regt. Daniel C. Felton, Co. F, Aug. 24, 1861 ; must, out Sept. 2, 1864. Otis S. Guild, Co. F, Aug. 24, 1861 ; must, out Sept. 2, 1864. *Edward Holmes, Co. F, Aug. 24, 1861 ; Corp. 1801 ; killed at 2d Bull Run Aug. 30, 1862. Lewis J. Houghton, Co. F, Aug. 24, 1861 ; must, out Sept. 2, 1864. Harvey L. Hayford, Co. F, Aug. 24, 1861; re-enl. Jan. 1864; trans, to 32d Regt. Jeremiah Hartney, Co. F, Aug. 24, 1861 ; disch. in 1863 for sickness. William W. Jones, Co. F, Aug. 24, 1861; disch. in 1861 for sickness. *John Keith, Co. F, Aug. 24, 1861; died May 29, 1864. "Jonathan H. Keyes, Co. F, Aug. 24, 1861 ; killed at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862. John H. Keyes, Co. F, Aug. 24, 1861; disch. in 1863 for promotion; 2d lieut. U. S. C. Troops in 1863. *George 0. Kingsbury, Co. F, Aug. 24, 1861 ; killed at Bull Run, Ya., Aug. 30, 1862. "Daniel Leahy, Co. F, Aug. 24, 1861 ; mortally wounded at Fredericks burg, Ya., Dec. 13, 1862. Charles E. Lewis, Co. F, Aug. 24, 1861 ; disch. in 1863 for sickness. Chester R. Lawton, Co. F, Aug. 24, 1861; Corp. 1862; re-enl. Jan. 1864; discharged under general order, 1864. Patrick Mears, Co. F, Aug. 24, 1861; disch. in 1863 for wounds received at 2d Bull Run. Patrick Mack, Co. F, Aug. 24, 1861 ; must, out Sept. 2, 1864. William J. Marsh, Co. F, Aug. 24, 1861 ; disch. in 1861 for sickness. "Leonard Minot, Co. F, Aug. 24, 1801; died in hospital, April 23, 1862. Daniel F. Nichols, Co. F, Aug. 24, 1861 ; taken prisoner Nov. 27, 1863 exchanged; trans, to U.S. C. H. Artillery; pro. capt. Nov. 1863; disch. May, 1866. Charles D. O'Reilley, Co. F, Aug. 24, 1861 ; disch. in 1863 for accidental wound. William L. Pierce, Co. F, Aug. 24, 1861 ; disch. in 1861 for sickness. George E. Pond, Co. F, Aug. 24, 1861 ; disch. in 1861 for sickness. (See 43d Regt.) William Parker, Co. F, Aug. 24, 1861 ; disch. in 1864 for sickness. Austin E. Pratt, Co. F, Aug. 24, 1 861 ; disch. in 1863 for wounds received at Gettysburg. Isaac N. Parker, Co. F, Aug. 24, 1861 ; disch. in 1862 for wounds received at 2d Bull Run. Gideon A. Ryder, Co. F, Aug. 24, 1861 ; corp. 1863 ; must, out Sept. 2, 1864. Charles H Rogers, Co. F, Aug. 24, 1861 ; corp. 1863 ; must, out Sept. 2, 1864. John W. Snell, Co. F, Aug. 24, 1861 ; must, out Sept. 2, 1864. "Henry D. Smith, Co. F, Aug. 24, 1861 ; killed at 2d Bull Run, Aug. 30, 1862. *N. Roland Stevens, Co. F,Aug. 24, 1861; died in hospital March 1,1862. Cornelius D. Sullivan, Co. F, Aug. 24, 1861 ; disch. in 1862 for sickness. (See 4th Cavalry.) *Edmund L. Thomas, Co. F, Aug. 24, 1861 ; died Sept. 16, 1862, of wounds received at 2d Bull Run. "George N. Worthen, Co. F, Aug. 24,1861 ; died Sept. 4, 1862, of wounds received at 2d Bull Run. Erastus W. Everson, 1st sergt, Co. H, Aug. 24, 1861 ; 2d lieut., Co. B, 1862; 1st lieut., Co. B, Feb. 5, 1863; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps Dec. 10, 1863. "Horace S. Damrell, sergt., Co. H, Aug. 24, 1861 ; died in hospital March 7, 1862. *0scar S. Guild, Co. H, Aug. 24, 1861 ; died in hospital Feb. 22, 1862. "Joseph M. Jordan, Co. H, Aug. 24, 1861 ; killed at Gaines' Mills, Ya., June 27, 1762. Thomas Madden, Co. H, Aug. 24, 1861 ; Dec. 25, 1862, trans, to 6th U. S. Inf. ; must, out Aug. 29, 1864. John D. Martin, Co. H, Aug. 24, 1861 ; re-enl. January, 1864 ; trans, to 32d Regt. Herman Seffarth, Co. H, Aug. 24, 1861 ; Aug. 10, 1862, tranB. to U. S. Res. Art. *Cyrus D. Tewksbury, Co. H, Aug. 24, 1861; re-enl. January, 1864; killed at Petersburg, Va., July 5, 1864. *Joseph M. Jordan, Co. H, Aug. 24, 1861; killed June 27, 1862, at Gaines' Mills, Va. John N. Tewksbury, Co. H, Aug. 24, 1S61; re-enl. Dec. 1, 18b3; trans, to 32d Regt. Michael Burns,Co. K, Aug. 24, 1861 ; must, out Sept. 2,1864. Patrick H. Flynn, Co. K, Aug. 24, 1861 ; disch. in 1862 for sickness. Charles P. Smith, Co. K, Aug. 24, 1861 ; trans, to U. S. Vet. Res. Corps. NINETEENTH REGIMENT (Three Years). Joseph McCaffrey, Co. I, Jan. 30, 1865 ; must, out June 30, 1865. TWENTIETH REGIMENT (Three Years). Julius Boehme, Co. B, July 26,1861; re-enl. Feb. 23,1864; wounded May, 1864. Charles J. Haas, Co. B, July 26, 1861 ; must, out Aug. 1, 1864. Julius Kajewsky, Co. B, Aug. 22, 1861; disch. for disability Feb. 21, 1863. Emery Wiley, Co.D, Sept. 4, 1861 ; disch. for disability May 31, 1862. Lewis F. Davis, Co. F, Aug. 2, 1861; disch. Aug 26, 1861. John Power, Corp., Co. G, July 18, 1861 ; taken prisoner at Ball's Bluff; exchanged and rejoined regiment; must, out Aug. 1, 1864. Andrew O'Connor, Co. I, Aug. 29, 1861 ; disch. for disability Doc. 1, 1862. "Albert C. Bean, Co. I, Sept. 4, 1861 ; died June 8, 1864, of wounds re ceived at Cold Harbor, Va., June 3. TWENTY-FIRST REGIMENT (Three Years). William H. Smith, Co. E, Aug. 23, 1861 ; trans, to 3d U. S. Art, Aug. 23, 1862. TWENTY-SECOND REGIMENT (Three Years). Thomas Sherwin, Jr., adjt. Oct. 1, 1861; maj. June 28, 1862 ; lieut.-col. Oct. 17,1862; brevet col. Sept. 30, 1864; must, out Oct. 17,1864; brevet col. U. S. Vols. April 20, 1865 ; brevet brig.-gen. March 13, 1865. William N. Taylor, Co. A, Sept. 2, 1861 ; dropped from rolls July 29, 1863. APPENDIX. 997 "John Finn, Jr., Co. B, Sept. 11, 1861 ; corp. ; sergt. ; died June 13, 1864, of wounds received at North Anna River, May 23, 1864. George E. Smallwood, Co. E, Sept. 13, 1861 ; disch. for pro. Feb. 28,1863. "William Heath, Co. I, Sept. 0, 1801 ; accidentally shot at Hall's Hill, Va., Dec. 7, 1861. Michael Lucy, Co. I, Sept. 6, 1861 ; disch. for disability Feb. 17, 1863. TWENTY-THIRD BEGIMENT (Three Years). "David Fletcher (Boston), Co. I, July 20, 1862 ; killed at Whitehall, N. C, Dec. 16, 1863. TWENTY-FOURTH REGIMENT (Three Years). Walter Ingalls, Co. A, Oct. 11, 1861; disch. Sept. 2, 1862, for disability. •Charles W. Phipps, Co. A, Sept. IS, 1861 ; killed at Deep Bottom, Va., Aug. 16, 1864. James B. Smith, Co. A, Sept. 19, 1861 ; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps, March, 10, 1864. Thomas H. Sneil, Co. A, Sept 25, 1861 ; re-enl. Dec. 21, 1863 ; corporal ; must, out Jan. 20, 1865. Henry C. Bonney, Co. E, Dec. 2, 1861 ; must, out Dec. 4, 1864. William Howe, Co. F, Sept. 16, 1861 ; must, out Sept. 16, 1864. George B. Snell, Co. F, Sept. 14, 1861 ; must, out Sept. 18, 1864. Robert S. Bateman, Corp., Co. G, Sept. 12, 1861 ; disch. for disability Aug. 30, 1862. Henry S. Waite, Corp., Co. G, Oct. 9, 1861; disch. May 23, 1862, for sick ness. Patrick Coyne, Co. G, Sept. 20, 1861 ; re-enl. Jan. 4, 1864 : must, out Jan. 20, 1866. William Keating, Corp., Co. G, Dec. 5, 1861 ; re-enl. Jan. 4, 1864 ; must. out Jan. 20, 1866. John H. Towne, Co. G, Sept. 16, 1861 ; disch. Aug. 13, 1862, for sickness. William Hale, Co. G, Jan. 1, 1863 ; re-enl. Jan. 4, 1864. Benjamin F. Phipps, Co. G, Jan. 19, 1863 ; must, out Sept. 5, 1864. Frederick L. Stevens, Co. G, Nov. 7, 1861; disch. June 9, 1862, for sick ness. Henry C. Hollis, Co. G, Sept. 23, 1861 ; disch. Dec. 31, 1861. Albert Woods, Co. G, Oct. 7, 1851; re-enl. Jan. 4, 1864; must, out Jan. 20, 1866. "Julius M. Lathrop, Corp., Co. I, 1861 ; trans, and pro. 1st lieut. 38th Regt. William H. Clements, muBician, Co. I, Sept. 11, 1861 ; must, out Aug. 22, 1862. Edward R. Pond, Co. I, Oct. 8, 1861 ; disch. April 7, 1863, for disability. TWENTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT (Three Years). Calvin N. Crosby, Co. B, Aug. 10, 1863; must, out June 30, 1865. * Edward Sheehan, Co. B, Dec. 13, 1861 ; died of disease Nov. 17, 1863, in Washington. Terence Mitchell, sergt., Co. G, Jan. 5, 1862; must, out Dec. 19, 1864. Patrick Quinlan (Boston), Co. E, March 24, 1864; must, out June 30, 1865. Patrick Newman (Sharon), Co. A, April 2, 1864; must, out June 30, 1865. Jeremiah O'Brien (Boston), Co. E, April 11, 1864 ; must, out Juue 30, 1865. THIRTY-FIRST REGIMENT (Three Years). Robert F. Everett, sergt, Co. K, Jan. 17, 1862; must, out December, 1864. Alonzo Swett, Co. K, Jan. 20, 1862; re-enl. Feb. 14, 1864; must, out Sept. 9, 1865. THIRTY-SECOND REGIMENT (Three Years). David Kilpatrick, Co. G, May 31, 1862. James M. Pond, 1st lieut., must out June 29, 1865. (See 18th Regt.) "Henry C. Everett, musician, died Jan. 19, 1865. (See 18th Regt.) William P. Fairbanks, musician, must, out June 29, 1865. (See 18th Regt.) Harvey L. Hayford, must, out June 29, 1865. (See 18th Regt.) John D. Martin, must, out June 29, 1865. (See 18th Regt.) John N. Tewksbury, must, out June 29, 1865. (See 18th Regt.) THIRTY-THIRD REGIMENT (Three Years). James H. Griggs, Co. D, Jan. 18, 1864, trans, and pro. com.-sergt. 37th U S. C. Troops. (See 5th Regt, 3 months.) John A. Sullivan, corp., Co. C, June 3, 1862; must, out June 11, 1865. Joseph Neas, Co. I, Jan. 5, 1865; trans, to 2d Infantry. Ferdinand Lund, Co. K, Aug. 8, 1862 ; must, out June 11, 1S65. THIRTY-FIFTH REGIMENT (Three Years). John Lathrop, 1st lieut, Co. I, Aug. 13, 1862 ; capt. Aug. 27, 1862 ; re signed Nov. 14, 1863, on account of disability. "William Hill, 2.] lieut, Co. I, Aug. 8, 1862; 1st lieut. Aug. 27, 1862; killed at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862. John D. Cobb, sergt, Co. I, Aug. 16, 1802; 1st sergt ; lBt lieut. Nov. 15, 1863 ; capt. Nov. 29, 1864 ; not must. ; must, out June 9, 1865. Henry W. Tisdale, sergt., Co. I, Aug. 16,1862 ; taken prisoner at North Anna River May 24, 1864; exch. 18G5; must out June 9, 1865. Charles D. Pond, sergt, Co. I, Aug. 16, 1S02; must out June 9, 1865. * Edward E. Hatton,corp., Co. I, Aug. 16, 1862; killed at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. Ferdinand Steiuer, Corp., Co. I, Aug. 16, 18U2 ; must.out June 9, 1865. Charles D. Force, corp , Co. I, Aug. 16, 1862; must, out June 9,1865. "JohnG. Dyinond, Corp., Co. I, Aug. 16, 1802; died at Hampton, Va., March 29, 1863. "John W. Fiske, corp , Co. I, Aug. 16, 1862 ; sergt. ; color sergt. ; trans. and pro. 2d lient 58lh Regt (Sec 58th Regt.) Edmund Davis, Corp., Co. I, Aug. 16, 1862; color corp.; di6ch. for wounds received at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1802. Sabin R. Baker, drummer, Co. I, Aug. 16, 1862 ; disch. in 1863 for sick ness. Ephraim A. Roberts, fifer and bugler, Co. 1, Aug. 16, 1862; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps, 1864. Clinton Bagley, Co. I, Aug. 16, 1862 ; corporal ; sergeant ; first sergeant ; sergeant-major; 2d lieut. Sept. 8, 1864; declined commission ; must. out June 9,1865. Henry Baur, Co. I, Aug. 16, 1862 ; corporal ; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps, 1863. "John H. Birch, Co. I, Aug. 16,1862; died of fever Aug. 15, 1863, at Overton Hospital, Memphis, Tenn. Elijah W. Bonnemort, Co. I, Aug. 16, 1862; corporal ; disch. in 1865 for wounds received at North Anna River May 24, 1864. "George 0. Bunker, Co. I, Aug. 16, 1862; killed at Fredericksburg Dec. 13, 1865. J.Bradford Calder, Co. I, Aug. 16,1862; corporal; color corporal; ser geant; first sergeant; 2d lieut. Sept. 8, 1864; 1st lieut. Nov. 29, 1864; must, out June 9,1865. Alvan B. Chase, Co. I, Aug. 16, 1862; must out June 9, 1865. Seth W. Cohuett, Co. I, Aug. 16, 1862 ; corporal ; must, out June 9, 1865 "Michael Colbert, Co. I, Aug. 16, 1862 ; killed at Petersburg Mine July 30, 1864. Peter Curran, Co. I, Aug 16, 1862 ; must, out June 9, 1865. George V. Dean, Co. I, Aug. 16, 1802 ; disch. in 1862 for sickness. Francis Donley, Co. I, Aug. 16, 1862 ; must, out June 9, 1865. Moses W. Downes, Co. I, Aug. 16, 1862 ; disabled by wounds received at North Anna River May, 1864 ; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps, 1864. Jerome B. Dunlap, Co. I, Aug. 16, 1862; disch. in 1802 for sickness. Theodore F. Dunlap, Co. I, Aug. 16, 1862 ; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps. Albert Ellis, Co. I, Aug. 16, 1862 ; corporal ; must, out June 9, 1865. Alfred Ellis, Co. I, Aug. 16, 1862 ; corporal; sergeant ; must out June 9, 1865. Warren Ellis, Co. I, Aug. 16, 1862; must, out June 9, 1865. "Charles H. Ellis, Co. I, Aug. 16, 1862; corporal; taken prisoner near Knoxville, Tenn., in November, 1863; died in Richmond Feb. 27, 1864. Henry Fisher, Co. I, Aug. 16, 1862 ; taken prisoner at Poplar Grove Church Sept. 30, 1864: exchanged 1805 ; must, out June 9, 1865. Benjamin Hague, Co. I, Aug. 16,1862; corporal; must, out June 9,1865. Charles Hammond, Co. I, Aug. 16, 1862; deserted September, 1862. Alfred T. Hartshorn, Co. I, Aug. 16, 1S62 ; disch. in 1863 for sickness. John Hayes, Co. I, Aug. 16, 1862 ; must, out June 9, 1865. John Hogan, Co. I, Aug. 16, 1S62 ; taken prisoner at Poplar Grove Church Sept. 30, 1864; exchanged ; must, out in 1865. Patrick Holland, Co. I, Ang. 16, 1862, disch.in 1862 for wounds received at Antietam. John Hyde, Jr., Co. I, Aug. 16, 1862 ; must, out June 9, 1865. Nathaniel M. Ilsley, Co. I, Aug. 16, 1862; must, out June 9, 1865. Dedrick Jordan, Co. I, Aug. 16, 1862 ; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps in 1863. Conrad Krill, Co. I, Aug. 16, 1862 ; must, out June 9, 1865. Henry Krill, Co. I, Aug. 16, 1862; must, out June 9, 1865. Florian Matz, Co. I, Aug. 16, 1862 ; disch. in 1865 for wounds received at North Anna River in 1864. Frederick Neas, Co. I, Aug 16, 1862; disch. in 1862 for sickness. John Nauman, Co. I, Aug. 16, 1862; disch. in 1863 for sickness. | Albert G. Ober, Co. I, Aug. 16, 1862 ; must, out June 9, 1865. 998 HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS. William E. O'Connell, Co. I, Aug 10, 1862 ; must, out June 9, 1865. "David Phalen, Co I, Aug. 16, 1862 ; diedat Milldale, Miss, July 30,1863. Winslow Rackliffe, Co. I, Aug. 16, 1862; disch. in 1863 for sickness. Michael RafTerty, Co. I, Aug. 16, 1802; corporal ; color corporal ; must. out June 9, 1865. Conrad Rausch, Co. I, Aug. 16, 1862 ; disch. in 1862 for wounds received at Antietam. Conrad Schneider, Co. I, Aug 16, 1862 ; disch. in 1863 for sickness. Hiram Shufeldt, Co. I, Aug. 16, 1862; corporal; sergeant; disch. for wounds received at Petersburg Mine in 1864. John L. Smith, Co. I, Aug. 16, 1862; corpora] ; color corporal; sergeant; first sergeant ; 2d lieut. Jan. 9, 1805 ; not mustered ; must, out June 9, 1865. Joseph R. Smith, Co. I, Aug. 16, 1S62; must, out June 9, 1865. "Charles II. Sulkoski, Co. I, Aug. 16. 1862 ; killed at Antietam Sept. 17, 1862. David Sullivan, Co. I, Aug. 16, 1862; disabled by wounds received at Fredericksburg in 1862 ; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps in 1863. William M. Titcomb, Co. I, Aug. 16, 1862 ; trans, and pro. 1st lieut. 36th U. S. C. Troops. "Nathan C. Treadwell, Co. I, Aug. 16, 1862 ; died Oct. 26, 1862, at Fred. erick, Md., of wounds received at Antietam Sept. 17, 1862. William J. Wallace, Co. I, Aug. 16, 1862 ; taken prisoner at Poplar Grove Church Sept. 30, 1864; exchanged in 1865 ; must, out June 9, 1865. "Joseph P. White, Co. I, Aug. 16, 1862; killed at Antietam Sept. 17, 1862. Robert White, Co. I, Aug. 16, 1862 ; disch. in 1865. "George F. Whiting, Co. I, Aug. 16, 1862 ; died Oct. 5, 1862, of wounds received at South Mountain, Md., Sept. 14, 1862. Henry W. WoodB, Co. I, Aug. 16, 1862; disch. in 1864 for sickness. Weston F. Hutchins, Co. I, Dec. 31, 1863 ; Corp.; trans, to 29th Regt. ; mu6t out July 29, 1865. THIRTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT (Three Years). "Julius M. Lathrop, 1st lieut, Aug. 20, 1862 ; capt. Feb. 27, 1863 ; died April 26, 1864, of wounds received at Cane River, La., April 23, 1864. Edward Hogan, Co. F, Aug. 13, 1862; must out June 30, 1865. THIRTY-NINTH REGIMENT (Three Years). Charles L. Carter, Co. E, Jan. 25, 1863 ; died while prisoner of war, Feb. 9, 1865. (See 12th Regt.) FORTIETH REGIMENT (Three Years). "Henry M. Park (Attleboro'), Corp., Co. H, August, 1862; wounded at Bermuda Hundred, Va., May 20, 1864 ; died June 20, 1864. FORTY-SECOND REGIMENT (Nine Months). Henry S. Richardson (Medway), Co. B, Sept 13, 1862; must, out Aug. 20,1863. FORTY-SECOND REGIMENT (One Hundred Days). Edwin H. Aiger, Co. D, July 20, 1864 ; must, out Nov. 11, 1864. William R. Guild, Co. D, July iU, 1804 ; must, out Nov. 11, 1864. Edwin P. Talbot, Co. E, July 22, 1864; must, out Nov. 11, 1864. William A. Cobb, Co. K, July 18, 1864 ; must out Nov. 11, 1864. Nathan W. Fisher, Co. K, July 18, 1864 ; must out Nov. 11, 1864. Melvin A. Galucia, Co. K, July 18, 1864; must, out Nov. 11, 1864. Joseph Guild. Co. K, July 18, 1864; must, out Nov. 11, 1864. Edward H. Marshall, Co. K, July 18, 1864 ; must, out Nov. 11, 1864. FORTY-THIRD REGIMENT (Nine Months). Cornelius O'Brien, Co. B. Oct. 11, 1862; must, out July 30, 1863. Antoine Schenkle, Co. B, Oct. 11, 1862 : must, out July 30, 1863. Henry Burns, Co. B, Oct. 24, 1862 ; must, out July 30, 1863. Edward A. Sumner, 1st lieut., Co. D, Sept. 12, 1862 ; must, out July 30, 1863. James Schouler, 2d lieut, Co. D, Sept. 12, 1862 ; must, out July 30, 1863. Cornelius A. Taft, 1st sergt., Co. D, Sept. 12, 1862; must, out July 30, 1863. John E Webster, sergt., Co. D, Sept. 12, 1862 ; must, out July 30, 1863. Alvin Fuller, sergt, Co. D, Sept. 12, 1862 ; must, out July 30, 1863. Joseph H. Lathrop, sergt, Co. D, Sept. 12, 1862; must, out July 30, 1863. (See 4th Regt. Cav.) Francis W. Haynes, sergt., Co. D, Sept. 12, 1862; must, out July 30, 1863. Charles B. Fessenden, sergt., Co. D, Sept. 12, 1862 ; sergt.-maj. May 29, 1863 ; must out July 30, 1863. John McDonald, Corp., Co. D, Sept 12, 1862 ; must, out July 30, 1863. Emelius A. Everett, Corp., Co. D, Sept. 12, 1862 ; must, out July 30, 1863. William Chickering, Jr., corp , Co. D, Sept 12, 1862; must out July 30, 1863. (See 4th Regt. Cav.) E. Phineas Guild, Corp., Co. D, Sept. 12, 1862 ; must, out July 30, 1863. Isaac A. Cox, corp., Co. D, Sept. 12, 1862; must, out July 30, 1863. Samuel D. Cobb, Corp., Co. D, Sept. 12. 1862 ; must, out July 30, 1863. Charles D Marcy, corp , Co. D, Sept. 12, 1862 ; re-enl. U. S. Signal Corps March 31, 1864 ; must, out Aug. 17, 1865. Eldridge P. Boyden, Corp., Co. D, Sept. 12, 1862; must, out July 30, 1863. Melvin A. Galucia, musician, Co. D, Sept. 12, 1862; must, out July 30, 1863. (See 42d Regt., 100 days.) Frank D. Hayward, musician, Co. D, Sept. 12, 1862 ; re-enl. U. S. Signal Corps March, 1864; must out Aug. 17, 1865. William H. Alexander, Co. D, Sept. 1 1, 1862 ; must, out July 30, 1863. Willard Babbitt, Co. D, Sept. 12, 1862 ; must, out July 30, 1863. Addison G. Baker, Co. D, Sept. 12, 1862 ; must, out July 30, 1863. Charles R. Baker, Co. D, Sept. 12, 1862; must out July 30, 1863. James E. Ball, Co. D, Oct. 11, 1862 ; must, out July 30, 1S63. Nathaniel W. Broad, Co. D, Sept. 12, 1862 ; must, out July 30, 1863. William F. Carroll, Co. D, Sept. 12, 181.2 ; must, out July 30, 1863. Frank Carter, Co. D, Sept. 12, 1S62; must out July 30, 1863. Rufus F. Cheney, Co. D, Sept. 12. 1862: must, out July 30, IS63. William H. Clements, Co. D, Sept. 12, 1862 ; disch. June 3, 1863; re-enl. in 2d Regt. Heavy Art. John D. Clifton, Co. D. Sept. 12, 1862 ; must, out July 30, 1803. James Collins, Co D. Sept. 12, 1862 ; must, out July 30, 1803. Patrick Cox, Co. D, Sept. 12, 1862; must, out July 30, 1863. Samuel H. Cox, Co. D, Sept. 12, 1862; must, out July 30, 1803. Albert M. Coy, Co. D, Sept. 12, 1862; must, out July 30, 1863. Patrick Eagan, Co. D, Sept. 12, 1862 ; must out July 30, 1863. George W. S. Edmands, Co. D, Sept. 12, 1862 ; must out July 30, 1863. Lewis Ellis, Co. D, Sept. 12, 1862 ; must, out July 30, 1863. Jarvis G. Fairbanks, Co. D, Sept. 12, 1862 ; must, out July 30, 1863. Edwin E. Fisher, Co. D, Sept. 12, 1862 ; mu:•• wmm.