YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY A FEW FACTS RESPECTING THE AMERICAN COLONIZATION SOCIETY, ANO TIYE COLO]^T AT lilBEU-IAe FOn Gn.\TUIT0U3 DISTltrnUTION'. ?BBLLSUF.D Br TttK AMEIIICAS CtlLO.-^IZATIOir SUCIETiT. WASHINGTON : PRINTED BY WAY AND a tUEON. 18.30. CIRCULAR. A dc.li;'i!i reart-j ll.attliv, \\a:c, \n j'C.ars past, (t!,v>ii;;-ii rriniteci coroTiarati-ri 'y \:o very (cw rlinrc-ci,) p/o-vci ot' inc.alculal-le jenctit: and tlic iiiiioii of the Chiirclics j.;d C JiiKTc,p.i:'.oM>,, ..(' every n.ame throughout the country, il;c present yc-.rj in f.;iklr.jj iucli colic. ;- tions, would be auspicious beyond any event whicb lias occui'i-ed in tlie whole prog;ress of tliis Institution, The fund which would be realized, would not constitute the sole, perhaps not the principal benefit, of the measure. The scheme ofthe Society, its necessity, practicability, and v.ist importance, would. be brought distinctly before the whole American people. The nian.a5cr.5 have dierished the hoiie, that conti-ihutions to aid the enter-' prise in which thfy arc en.5atjed, would be deemed pccsiliariy appropriiitc to a clay, cor>i.^c:-:i.tc(J in the mcmoiy and alTections of this gi'c:.t, enliglitcneil, aiirl happy pcop'o, .as the ATiniver.sai-y of their National IndepL'.idonce ;, and that al! who gr-Uv-fully .acfcnowled.^e the Divine Goodness, r.s manifested in oiu- D.Jloiuii freedom and pnip.c.-ity, would f^l.adly .nu^^c tl.cir offerings to a cause approved by Ile.'iven, and 'js-o.iilal'.y conducing to the tcmporai and eternal happiness of a larg-c, i-ut long iiec'ljctcd portion cf tlie human far.iily. To the facts, then, in thi-) pamphlet, and to tii':- measure here suji;gcatcd, liie ^Lanag¦c^s solicit the immediate and earnest atteiition of every friene/, 1816. Ihoui;!! the ol.jcris prcd b) ilie Society had, for a cori-Nider-'ibie timr- pr.n'ioi.s to i'li <:rigin, occiipiLti ifie thouffhts of ^evcia' piilightcned i\\>t] benevolent indiviiluals, siili the Institution. owes jts origin mostly to the philanthropic ettbrts of ilcv. iji: Fin- ley of Xev. Jersey, aided by Hev. Samuel J. Mills, and a few others of a kindred spirit. O/ject of the Society. Tlie cibject to which the attention of the Society is exclusively di rected, is to colonize, with their own consent, on tlie Coast of Anica, or such other place as Conci uss .=ihal! deem exDcdicni, ihe people of colo'ir ir, our country, ahv.nly free — and those others, who may hereafter be liberated by the iiuih.init'v- of ini'vid;.;.;'!, or the ia'.vs of the S;ates. j\u/}:ber of Jiuxilia.-v FJocleiies. In Maine, New tiampshire, Connecticut, Vcrinniit, Ncw-Y^irk, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Vir?;inia, North Carolina, Alabama, Tennessee, Kentucky, Ohio, and tndian.T, State Societies have been fonned, auxiliary to the Amorican Coloni/.ation Socictj. ISesides these, there have been I'oinied more tiian 150 County and Town Auxiliaries, which have been reported. Income of the Society. It has hitherto had no direct assistance fnii.i the General Guvorn- inent, yet its annual reports exhibit a gradual increase in the sum.s received, which is a pleasing indication of Ihc growing inierest felt in this cause thro'jghout the community. The incoKie of the Soci ety, during the thirteen years of lis existence, has been aboiit gl06,000. Tiie contributioni from tiie 2fith of January, 1829, (<,¦ tlie 18th of January, 1830, amounted to &a',295 60. 4 Patronized by legislatures and Distinguished Men^ The Legislatures of thirteen States have passed resolution? ap proving the object of the Society, and rccommrnding a system of foreign colonization. These States are New Hampshire, Vermont, Connecticut, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Vir ginia, Georgia, Tennessee. Kentucky, Ohio, and Indiana. Eleven of these States have instrucU'd their Senators, and re- ijuested their Representatives in Congress, to approve and promote, in the General Government, measures for removing such free per^ sons of color, as are desirous of emigrating to Africa. A large number of men of distinguished eminence, in different parts of the Union, have warmly o-i^pousod the cause of lliti Society. '• Nearly all the crclcsiastical bodies of the United Siatrs halve, by resolutions, solemnly expressed their Opinion, that this Society merits the consideration and favor of the whole Christian community, and earnestly recommended it to their patronage." Indirect good accomplished by ihe Society. To say nothing of the assistance already afforded to the emigrants^ in enabling thera to establish themselves on the Coast of Africa, with so fair a prospect of future comfort and prosperity, the Society has accomplished great good by the diffusion. of information, by provoking discussion, and by calling forth powerful sympathies in favor of the Africans generally. It nas shown how nianumis'iions may be effected without injury to any class of Society, and of the emigrants which it has removed to Africa, more than 200 have been slaves liberated by their masters, fpr the vary purpose of Coloni* zation. Establishment of the Colony. In December, 1821, Dr. Eli Ayres, with Captain Stockton, ofthe United States Navy, purchased the whole of Montserado, and a most valuable tract of land on the river of the same name. The first. sett! '?r» arrived at the Colony in June, -1822. In this year, Mr. Ashmun took' charge ofthe Colony as Agent. To his zealous and persevering efforts, is the Colony greatly indebted for its prcsperity and success. He died at New-Haven, ji.j,';^ir.t, iBCii, exi'.a.usfe(i witii: the toils and fatigues he had ei.dured, in gi'in^ stre.igti. and staoil- ity to the infant colony. Dr. Richard Randall succeeded h;i.;. Tit. R. died soon after h'is arrival. Dr. Mechlin is the preaent agent. The population of the colony is about 1500; Favorable Location of ihe Colony. Cape Mont.serado lies in about the sixth degree of north latitude. The first purchased territory presents the form of a tongue of land, twelve miles in extent. In 1825, Mr. Ashmun purchased of the natives an extensive and fertile tract of country, extending nine miles on the coast, from the Montserado to the St. Paul's, and indefinitely in the interior. The Montserado is a small river. 'I"he Saint Paul's is a.noble river, half a mile wide at its mouth; its waters arc sweet, its banks fertile, and it is connected with the Montserado by Stockton creek. To the original territory, additions have been made, as the growing wants of the colony, actual or anticipated, required. The country thus obtained, embraces large tracts of fer tile land, capable of yielding all the rich and varied products ofthe tropics; possessing great commercial advantai^f *, with an extent of sea-coast from one hundred and fifty to two hundred miles, and en joying a climate, well adapted to the negro constitution, and not more fatal to that of the whites than many tliickly. peopled parts of the United States. " The location of Monrovia is the most delightful that can be imagined."' Fertility of ihe Soil. The colonists tliemselves, in an address to the free people of color in the United States, August, 1827, say, " A more fertile soil, and a more productive country, so far as it is cultivated, there ia not, we believe, on the face of the earth. Its hills and its jdains are covered -with a verdure which never fades. The productions 'f i^a- ture keep on in their growth, through all the seasons of the year. Even the natives of the country, almost without fari-iing tociiv, without skill, and with very little labor, make more grain and vege tables than tbey can consume, and often more than they can &el!." " We have no dreary winter here, for one hali' of tha year lo con sume the productions of the other half. Nature is constantly re newing herself, and constantly pouring her treasures, all the year round, into the laps of the industrious." " The extent of fertile land is capable,' with very moderate in dustry, of supporting a great increase of population; not the one hundredth part of that we have passed over being made any use of ¦whatever, "t " The lands on both sides of Stockton creek, are of the very best quality, being a rich, light alluvion, equal in every respect to the Best lands on the southern rivers of tiie United States.". + •Dr. Randall's Letter, 1828. ^Tiickey'9 Expedition lo the Congo, p. 108. :f Dr. Randall. Jigriculliire of ihc Colony. .Hnimuls. — "We have,"' says Mr. Ashmun, in 18-2", "horses, tattle in abundance, shec^i, goals in abundimce, fowls, ducks, geese, fjuinca fowls, swine in plenty. Fish no where found in greater abundance." " Fruits. — Plantains, bananas in great abundance, limes, lemons, tamarinds, oranges, sousop, cashew, maiigoe, twenty varieties of the prune, guava, pawpaw, pine apple, grape, tropical peach, and cherry. " Vegetables. — Sweet potatoes, cassada, yams, coroa, p;ronnd nuts, arrow root, cp:? plant, ocrn, every variety of beans, and most sorts of peas, cucumber?, punijikins. " Grains, — Rice, Indian cn.n, coifi-e of un excellent quality, pepper of three varieties, of which cither is equal to the Cayenne, millet, and Guinea corn." Commercial ,^dvantages. "The colonists carry on an advantageous commc.ce with the na- livoi, by exchanges for ivory, gums, dyi'-sailT-^, ;!iu^',^, and o'he; ar ticles of .'African origin; and uith the United States, vvi/ich is annu ally increasing, and which, amounted, in 1829, to f^Gi). {)'<.)[) in the produce ofthe colony, and in objects acquired by tiie;: irailic with ihe natives ; receiving, in return, such supplies of American aud other manufactures, as are best adapted to iiicir waiil^.." * " The nett profits on thci two articles of wood and ivory, passing through the hands ofthe settlers at Liberia, from January 1, 1826, to June 15, 1326, was 830,786." t "The trade of this place is now coijsidcrable, and is becoming greater every day, as its capital and number of vessels for carrying on the coasting trade increase. Besides six or eignt smaller decked vessels, we now have, belonging to the colony, tuo large schooners, .the one above thirty, the other above forty tons, employed in tlie coasting trade. I presume the '.'.hole amount of exports tiom iiiis place, during the year I8'i8, may be estimated at si.s;y or sevciity .thousand doflars. In addition to this, oiir colony has oft'ered facili ties to American merchants, trading on the coast, to three tiincs that amount." % Climate. «I am much pleased," says Dr. Randall, '• with the climate, loca tion, fertility, and population of Liberia. The cli-'iate is, d this * Speech of Hon. Mr. Clay, before the Kentucky Cclori,za';io,i Society. t .WHcan Repository, vol. ii. p. 271. t- Letter of Mr. tondall, Uec'r. 3.*2S season, [December 28,^ most delightful. It is not very warm diij ring the day, and at night it is cool enough to sleep with comfort under a blanket" "1 consider the town of Monrovia, quite as healthy as any of our southern cities; and the other settlements on the Stockton and the Saint Paul's, have even a better reputation for liealth. I am the more convinced, from all I see and hear, that, with proper precautions, and even moderate prudence, emigrants may come out from any of the northern States, with but little risk from the effects of the climate." " AVhat has proved so very destructive to the new comers, is expo- .sure to the sun — carelessness during -sickness, both as it regards -'diet and exposure."* '¦ After examination and reflection, I honestly think, that the cli mate presents all those obstacles which are the natural productions of a tropical soil, uncicinseil and uncultivated — but that they will yield to proper precautions : and that nothing can prevent the con summation of your wishes, but limited means, bad counsels, or fee ble efforts."'! '' In the e.irly 3-ears of the colon}-, want of good houses, the great Lltl^UCS and dantrPl-a '^f tho cott-]<%ri, fl-.nii- in-ttgular r.tntlo nf livin"'^, - and tl'c hardshijis and discoura<;omenls they met with, greatly helped tiic oilior caufcs of sickness, which prevailed to ari ."Ja.Trinr. extent, iind was attcrnled uiih a;ieat nm t; iilj. Ci\t w-i io.ik back ¦vo those times as to a season long past and .orgotten. Our Louses and circumstances are now comfortable — and for the last two or three years, not one person in forty, iwin tlie middle and southern States, has died from the change of climate." J Mr. Ashmun remarks, "I will only say of the healthiness of Montserado, that no situation in Western Africa, can be more salu brious. The sea air does all that can be done for it, in this climate. One peculiarity is, that the night air is nearly as pure as any other.^' Government. " Our laws arc altogether our own; they grew out of our circum stances; are formed for our exclusive benefit; and ad.iilnistered, cither by officers of our own appointiiiei'it, or such as possess oiir confidence. We have a judiciary, cho.^cn from aitiong ourselves; we serve as jurors "in the trial of others; and are liable to be tried only by juries of our fellow-citizens, ourselves. VVe have all that is meant by liberty of conscience; the time and mode of worshipping God, as prescribed to us in his word, and dictated by ourcon.science, we are not only free to follow, but are protected in following," j • Mr. Russwurm's Letter, 1829. j- Captaiii Stockton's Letter to the Committee of the Coloti'zatiori Society. July, 1821. • iF'Address ofthe Colonist*, 1827. .- § Address of the Colonisis. " \Vhftt my sensations wcr(* upon landing, I can hardly describe. This town (Monrovia,) contains double the number of houses I ex pected. The colonists appear to be thriving. You here behold colored men exercising all the duties of offices, which you can scarcely believe; many fulfilling their important trusts with much dignity. We have a republic in miniature." * Schools. In 18'3r, there were six schools in successful operation. In the addrc-ss of fl\e Colonists, to their brethren in the United States, du- rln;; the same year, it is stated, that "not a child or youth in the Colonv. but is provided with an appropriate School." At presentj the Schools are fewer in number, and in a less H'lurishing state. Mr. RMSivvurm wiiies, th.it some great effort should be made in behalf of Education in the Colony. To secure the establishment and opera- ti(m of a sy.s'em to promote this great object, will receive, as it ob- "vii'Ur^ly '¦taiiii-, liic Oiiriv an 1 :ir tlov... a^.tor.cior f-f 'ho manai^-iir.* of the Society. Mr. Russwuriii has been appoi'.ited Superintendent of the Schools ; and hiu liberal education (beitij a graduate of Bowdoia College, Me.) well qualifies him for this office. Religious State of the Colony, and its Religious Influence. There is at this time a Baptist and a Methodist Society, each of , which has a preacher. The Missionary Society of Basle, Switzer land, have five missionaries in the colony. The Society for Do mestic and Foreign Missions of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States, are preparing to establish a mission there — ^ three individuals are expected to go out in the autumn of this year. - The influence which the colony, if prospered, is destined to exert, in spreading Christianity and civilization over that dark and degra ded continent, must be obvious to every reflecting mind. The emi grants are perhaps founding an' empire, destined to exert a mighty influence over tlie whole continent. Viewed in this light merely, the colony is worthy of the patronage of every benevolent and phi- . lanthropic mind. The blessings which ir may be the channel of conveying lo Africa, are incalculable. Many tribes in the vicinity, are earnestly desirous of receiving religious instruction. One of them numbers a populaition of 125,000, speaking one language. •Extmct from Mr. Rusa\rurm'» Latter, November, 1829. 9 It was theopinion of Mr. Ashmun, that the •• JIfriean tr^liT. might be civilized wilhtut e.tpitlsion from their chosen sctllemcntx, ami toillioui thai fearful diminitf.ion of their popttlal.ion, which has, from causes thai Jo not exist here, as tn regard to the Indians of Jlmcrica, accontpaiiied Ihe march of civilizaliofi in thai hemisphere.^^ Inileed, Christianity m.iy be expected to make rapid progress in Africa, as the systems of African superstition are far less firm and forjnidKblc, than those which exist in most other heathen countries. One native tribe has already placed itself under the protection and laws of the Colony; and many others, it is believed, will soon be inclined to fol- I«w this example. Mxpense of transporting Emigrants to the Colony. From the actual experience of the Society, it hrisbeen found, Xwak. twenty dollars, or less, will defray the whole expense of transport ing an individual to the Colony, Estimating the annual increase of the free people of colour, in the United States, at 6,000, (it may, possibly, be 7,000,) at S20 per head, the total cost of their trans portation will be gl20,000. The expense of removing to Africa the annual increase of the whole slave population of the Uiiion, which is not far from 50,000, would be about g 1,000,000. It should be sta ted, however, that at present it is necessary to appropriate from six to ten dollars per head, for the support of emigrants after their ar rival . As the Colony shall advance, this expense will doubtless be much diminished. Number of the colored Population, and rate of increase in the United States. According to the last census, the number of slaves •jn the United States, amounted to - - - 1,5S8,12.> Do* of free persons of color, - - - - 233,530 Total, 1,771,653 Reckoned at the rate of three per cent, per annum, the yearly increase of the slaves amounts to - - * 46,000 The yearly increase of free negroes at 2s per cent. ~ 6,000 ¦n I Ml -I .--I ¦ Total, 52,000 The census ofthe present y«ar will ptobably show l black j.op.,- latibn, considerably alwve 2,000,000^ atod a coirrcspoading ratio of increase. 10 Slave Tiade.—Origin, Character, Eximt, ^-c. TIcnry, King of Portug.il, under authority from three Roman I'on tiffs, as eariy as the year 1 '1.74, took possession of several Islanilsand Havens on the Coast of Africa, and took thence many Slaves — some by force, and some by barter. The Portuguese first imported Slaves into Hispaniola, in 1508; and into their Ura7.ilian Colonies, in l;';i7. For more than three centuries, some of the Christian powers of Eu rope have been en:;agc(l in this traflic ; and, for more than a ccntuiy and a half, it was pro!»ccufed, by all Christendom, with extra ordinary zeal and energy. The French Guinea Company contract ed, in irn-:, to supply the Spanish West Indies with 38,000 negroes, in ten years. In irio. there was a Treaty between Eiii.^tand anil Spain, for tlic importation of 1-14,000 negroes, in thirty y^'M-:\ Some have estimated the whole number of Slaves exported from Africa, since the on^jin of this trade, at nearly 20,000,000. Ofthe nature of this traflic. Judge Story observe.s : — "It begins in corruption, and plunder, and kidnapping. It crcUes and stimu lates unholy wars, for the purpose of making captives- It desolates: wiiole villaMs and provinces, for the put pose oi" seizing the youn;r, the feeble, tlie defenceless, and the innocent. It hrc;iks down ali the ties of parent, and children, and family, and country. It shiifi up all sympathy for human suffering and sorrows. It manacles the inoffensive females, and the starving infants. It forces tiie brave to untimely death, in defence of their humble homes and firesides ; or drives them to despair and self-immolation. It stirs up the worst passions ofthe human soul, darkening the spirit of revenge, sharp ening the greediness of avarice, brutalizing the selfish, envenoming the cruel, famishing the weak, and crushing to death the broken hearted. T.iis is but the beginning of the evils. Before the unhap py captives arrive at :lie destined market, where the traffick ends, one quarter part at least, in the ordinary course of events, periL.h. in cold blood, under the inhuman or thoughtless treatment of 'lieir oppressoi's. " Strong as these expressions may seem, and dark as is the colouring of this statement, it i^ s'ln.'-i ut" the real calamities infliciLC. by this traffick. All the y.ars that have desolated Africa for the last three centuries, have had their orii!;in in the slave-trade. The blocd of thousands of her miserable children has stained her shores, or quenched the dying embers "of her desolated towns, to glut the ap. petite of slave dealers. The ocean has received in its deep and si lent bosom thousands more, who have perished from di-iease i.nc want, during their passage from their native homes to the foreign colonies. I speak not from vague rumour's, or idle tales, but froiu authentic documents, and the Known his; orical (ict.ti!s of the vr.tf-^ fick — a trafftck that carries away at least fifty thousand persons an nually, from their homes and their families, and breaks the hearts, and buries the hopes, and extinguishes the happiness of more thatii 11 double that number. " There is," as one of the greatest of modern stiitcsmen has declared, " somathing of horror in it, that surpatsea all the bounds of the human imaginiitioii." The cruelties attending this trade, arc probably greater now than at any former period, 'nie Slave Ships are now crowded to excess, and the mortality is dreadful. In 1816, the African Institution as certained, that one vessel, of 180 tons, took 530 Slaves ;, of which, 120dicd on the passage to Tortola. Another, of 272 tons, received 642 Slaves, and lost 140. Another vc'-se.l lost 300, out of 600, Another 96, out of 500, Another, of 1 20 ttms, took on board 600 Slaves; and though, when captured, she had sailed but 80 leagues, she had lost SO, and many others were in a dying state. Dr. Philip, a distinguished missioiiai'; at tl e Cape of Good Hop,?, estimates tho nru.Ser annually cxp.irted, i^t lOiJ.Ol.O. Ii, i8r2,'"-, Mr. Ashirain '.-.TiKe tVoa the Colony, J, at at ie.".st 2000 3ia'. es wore an nually exported from capes ^idunc and iS'jiiismiivlo. in 1824, the Al'rican Instiluti.i.. repoei^ r"i!),00(), a? (iic iiu:;;bei" e">:;'.o"i.-<'. fiym the coast, and rres^'iits a dei-.ji'ed iist o." tiie iKi:iies i»;" two hund.ed unJ- ii^hi-e-i ve^sel^, iieliiiv-L'i'. tn be e/.,!,,i'.';ci' in th^: tr,j'Je Uisrji'T that year. In 18'-r, one hundred and twenty-five vessels sailed from Cuba to Africa, for Slaves. Witiiin tlie last eleven years, 322,526 Slaves have been imported into the single port of Rio Janeiro ; that is, an average of 29,520 annually. When first introduced into ihe United States. The first cargo of Siaves was brought into Virginia, in the year .1620. •' The le'iii'iature of the colony, at a;i early period, enacted lav.'s to touateract t,tB evil, Lij.- imp.>3i;)g . < tt.-ic';',oa'j i:pon i.ieir iri- troduction. But these measures wero aUvay^ dl "vi;,nt':r.ai;cfcd, and the laws rejected by the oueun in council, as jujurious to the com merce and navigation of England." Public opinion has been silently changing in Brlta.ii and America, in regard to this shameful traffic. In the year irfe7, a n:otion was made in Parliament for the abolition of tlie trao-,;. This motion,' though rejected, was renewed for twenty years, till, at lenc-Jh, it A'as enacted that, after March, 1808, no Slaves -aUmUI be impar>ed ii.t;> the Brlcish dominions. In the same y -ar. Congress ]r, .-.r-.i .i wi-v prohibiting the farther introduction of Siaves into th.j (J.'.i'C'r! S aics. All Christiari nations have der.ouncciJ this trat'.C; ot li'.-c pirates of many nations still engage in it, in defiance ^^ vv: 'aai-iares i,\ the law. Colonics will pat c.n trid /o the o'l.uc Trcli Th.it no rr.oie has been do.io idi'-.i-ds e,i:'eci:':.'i,i' WX% >.i.jecc^ in l\:?_ neighborhood of- Liberia., is o.-'in^. ig I'e.e coir j;'..a.uv« ,';ie'jl;.iCF.& j:" the colony. The caie i; different wid-. i'..ij.eit la tiie H.:t.!:-;:i C'jI.:iv J.8 at Sierra Leone, The native chiefs nf Sherbro dislriet, thronph their . great desire tr the blessings (f freedom. Liberty d ?:^cne.";.tes into lieenli iiisiioss, wlien the li-iiuencts of :-;ii'.)'vieilgc, ,\Lid ;ht" niiiTit (;fa ti« virl.ie ;ani e;vce!loii-:e, cseit not their re.^t.uiiiis. Tl.oiiirli the.-e are niuny h'moii: :U'!e Cvcoplintis — vet, as <¦ ci.'iss, the ih'ee 'pes.pic of colour exhibit few chTraci.erl^ties to C'ic')iirni,c h .pe,^ cf ilieir im provement in this country. Loosed from the rcr-fr.iint.., of sir.vcry, thev utterly neglect, or miserably abuse the blessings which liberty would confer. Nor for this do they deserve our reproach, but rather our compassion. Change their circumstances, and we elevate their ch.iiacter, and improve their state. In Africa, they walk abroad with the feelings and spirit of freemen. They are no longer awed bv superior worth and ability. Hope visits them, and tlieir souls are animated with the noblest enthusiasm of liberty. The Scheme of -African Colonization, offers persuasive ind povtrful motives, and exhibits a safe and pratticahle method for the manumission and removal of slaves. Nothing has contributed more to retard the operations ofthe Col- oni'/.ation Society, than the mistaken notion that it interferes directly . witl*! slavery — and nolhing is farther from the fact. It infringes upon no man's rights. Its object is noble and benevolent — io rcai- edy an evil which is felt and acknowledged at the north and south — to give the free people of color the privileges of freemen — and to show how emancipation may be effected, with benefit to all parlies, and with injury to none, ' That Slavery "is a great moral and politi- cal evil, will admit of no question. That soineth'mg, if possible,; should be done to stay its increase, and prevent the evils which must attend its progress, seems to be the opinion of all the wise and good throughout the country. The Colonization Society, invites to the plan which they have adopted, the attention of individuals and States, interested on this subject : but, whether the benefits of this plan are ever to be secured, depends, of course, upon the judgment of those concerned. That this judgment will be favourable, our re cent experience* as well as ,our belief ia tho power of truth, give us gTMt confidence. 43 Measures to he adopted, to aid the Sneiely. The establishment of Stale Socirlies, in all the States of this 'Union, with subordinate Associations in all the counties and towns of the several States, is an object of vast importance. In FiKru-.N States, Auxiliary State Societies have been already org-aniy-ed. It is, perhaps, desirable, that the County Societies should generally be auxiliary to the State Societies. These Auxiliary Associati'ins col lect and diffuse information, become organs of comiiutnicatiiin with the Parent Society, and combine the wisdom of age, and the ardour of youth, in the accomplishment of the object. i?ut, it should not be forgotten, thiit for the consummation of its design, the Society has ever ItioK'Cil to the powers and icsourcesof the Natiori! Government. CommifHcs in Congress, have repe-ited- ly considered tlie object, and presented Reports in its fa.otir. Eleven State f-eKislatures have instructed their Senatoi.-, ami re quested tlieir Rcprc:«entatives in Congress, to lend it their Hiip(<.rt. And what o'lject v.as ever more worthy of natio^^.'j' p:irr,.,-,n i; ? Was iiie purchase cf i .oiiisiana and 7ior'da. rn.'ii s irnrn rrai/C .•¦ 'V "a& the votin;r 810,000 .\r,nti,ii;y, for Indian civili.;'>fi'..i'. .- "^Vas the .-e- lief of the distressed inhahiiants of (Jaracc'iS ? Were the lar^'e np- propriations for the Cumberland Roaii. and other objetts of inieroal improvement?. Memorials, then, may most properly be addressed to Congres's, soliciting its consideration of this ?iibject. .5 Union of all the Churches, of every Jenoinbiciion in the United Slates, in taking up Collections for the iiocieiy annunlli/, on the Fourth of July, or on a Sabbath near to tlia> daij. is a measure infe rior in importance, probably, to none which can be mentioned. On tliat occasion, so joyous and impressive, the pr.iyers and eharifies ¦ f American Christians, may most appropriately be mingled, in behalf of Africa's deeply sull'ering and degraded ehi'dren. Ti.e next Fourth of July, will occur on d>e Sabbath. Vv'h«t nic 'T approprle.te than on the day of sacred rest, antf on flic dii.f which coninictinoratei our country's freedom, to reneirjber the ">t:ari;^er within our-i-us; and, like the primitive Chri.slia!(-, to lay Ijv on the fict d :y ol" the week an offering for our poor breihren. I'der'-ings iiiC-KiiOible, will result to Africa, from the niea.^ure. Tiie dav of he- reiieiripiio.T, is drawing near. The day star i- soon .(/ ;'-« oii .lOr 'drki.e.-is. Ethiopia, in all her borders, will stretch oiii iierhai.':. ;>• .'".i;s;i.;,. Who does not wish to see. that day : Win, -.vili noiaiii .;! ii.ib.-jnin^ \'.'i Liberality ofthe Citizens of Philadelpldu — LihenUi'J Slaves. ^ It being understood, some months ^go, 'hat scvjr.d tiobie-is.intie-.:! masters were disposed to emrtncip.ite their Siave>, provjiled the ntSans could be obtained of tran'^pcrriag them to Liberia, The C.uio- liiitation Society of Peansylvania resuived to make an appea! to in.; 11 r.ifiT.ens of Philndelphi.1, and to endeavour to raiijc the fund required for tho removal of these lihcrated Slaves. 'I'wo vessels \u'ie, con sequently, cliartcred ; and (he entire responsibility of delrayiiig the expenses of such manumitted .slaves, as nii!;ht take p,is-,-i.^c in them, w,is assumed hy (he I'ennsylvnnia Society. The result ha- been most cheeiin;; fo the Friends "of ihe African cause. I'Mliolt Ci es-on, Esq. (aq;ontleiii:iii who hns exerted himself with great r.cal and en emy for t/iis object.) writes : " My iist of subscriptions to this fund, (which enihraresall but the amount of about R40(l, sent lo (he 'J'reas- urer, orcnllecfrd by Dr. Mitrholl,^ is R3,58<) .'50, including S170, being iHc first payment on glTdO, subscribed in ten annual instal ments — or, in other words, Dnnaliona. - - &."),419'50' Siiii.C'iph'ni, - - 1,700 00 This, iifroursc. is iiiclejip'u'eiit of tite ,->eeniints rA Mr. G. Kalston, as Tir.ourer •'i' (hf rnnn^viv.'^nia Si^cien's tieneral Funds, In the two Tpssels, (the Iiiberia and Mnnrgomcry, Ihe former of which has just returned iVoin the Colony,} 11.1 liberated Slaves have sailed, and the entire expense of their removal has been dclrayed, by the gcr.Ti.iis rlii/.ens of Philadelphia. I'jut c'le.is st.ll twv'\ bencn'cial rar.y oc expected, from the iiilluoucc of such an csampi". Intelligence from Lileria. Despatches of an encouraging character, have just arrived from tne Colony, We here offer to the public, a letter from the Rev, George M. Erskiiie, a highly respectable coloured minister of the Presbyterian Church, from Tennessee — and some extracts from a letter of Mr. Tn.seph Shiphard. a very intelligent man of colour, late a Teacher in Richmond, Va. and an exemplary professor of religion : Letter from ihe Fin^. George Erskine, to a gentleman in I'lrhiKond, Jafcl Caldwell, Murcfi 9t.h, li 30. Hev. and C -\r "GnoT.iF.a: — V\'e e,i;'Mikc(i o;. t'r.^ M;h -ifjan-iary, 1830, and ar.ivcd .i* Monrovia, F.--i|^n.'^iry ;i8, af't'.-f <: yU i-,L:it \-,iy- ¦j'Xfi of 42 days. It was, up-in die w hole, a plcasuni v,)y;.i;; — liie emi^.-aiifs are in number 58. Ko sickness wiirtli !i;'.:nlii^ except thut (if the sea, on the w.iy, n'nr as yet. '/Ve are all yet '-.ij^et'ici- ir, a hoise prepared for the r.^cention <.f e:fiij;','ants, wlicrc we expect lo remain ti'l ue ;)tt?s d.c fever, should v/e outlive it Tli-i^.i'c is a ;;c!:- eia! s^ti'SKiciioi; i.aorcr d>: •ie./ej/.uits; li.ey arc ,,ie;-...eu with ihc;.~ r.'.v country and prese'.ic prospect; my o\.n family b.-vt ao t'eire i -. i-etir-.. V/e -A-rie received \v the L;ie.it <':i(J fo.'-r.icr t;.;ii.ji :,rt3 '.vli'a ilio sironge^r, mai-'.-..!:. of frie.idship, ai'd vv.dc on.cJ wS .•.iiV/.ers, o. o^i- beria. Our p"';6.j-jcls oi" furms on v/e.ich lo 'ivj are iiivita,^ and flatterio'j;, being netv.een Monrovia anil ±s'iill.'-'D rr^^v on d.a t>ar.Ic of tlie St. j'aul's. I presume the s;tuation v.-lU ;ie a lealthy o:iC, so soon as it becomes an open country — having a pleasant sea braci'.e 15 from two directions. My dear Sir, I believe this colony is a plant planted by the great husliaiulman of the universe — to it ho hftth al* ready proved a guardian — around it he hath erected his pavilion: and if the citi-/.ens onty fear (iod anil work righleonwiiesi, and con tinue in union under a wholesome civil government and lawn, from, the flourishing state of the colony,' there is reason to believe it will grow into a great Empire, 'i'here is a large field fiir the labours of a gospel minister. II the liord will, it will give mc much pleasure, indeed, fo l.iboiir in this part of his moral vineyard. Hut in this his ' will be done. My time in this country being short, it is but little I can say about it. This much I can say, mv expectations in coming to'it arc already reali/.cd. Never did I feel so much like a freeman as I h.ave since I came here. I would heartily recommend to every freeman of col'^'ir. fo leave the United Sf.ifis for Liberia — and any one that wi--hes t,i do >vell ; pi.rti'ularly those wl.o h.ive a little property. Was I in Virginia, and had 500 dollars to lay out at Uichmond, I could in a short time convert it into a foifiinc. The thine: most to be deplored in this colony, is the want of a good scli.iol, and an enlightened teacher for poor children, whose parents cannot srhonl them ; for, in this tropical country, where there is an ahiindance of Gold, Ivory, Camwit-xl, Coffee, and Su^.'-ar, Indigo, and many other lucrative fruits, wc ciuld have an enlight ened Christian community. There is nothing to hinder it from ri sing to a level in point of eminence, wealth and power, among the most refined nations ofthe earth. There is no way in which those in America, who feel friendly to this infant colony, can confer so great a favour on it, as to establish a free school Tor the benefit of ihe poor children in it. This, I hope, you wifl influence them to do. There are many to whom I wish to write. Good morniiis;, my friend. Your servant, GEORGE M. ERSKINE. Extract from a letter from Joseph Shiphard, late a member ofthe First Presbyterian Church in Richmond, now in Li beria, io the pastor of that ds^rch, dated (,J MoNHOviA, March 8th, 1830, My dear Pastor and Brother i,% Christ : — I have been absent, by order of the Governor, since the arrival of the Liberia, till midnight last, on a survey of a country to he the emporium of the American empire in Africa. Your eye, sir, surely never saw a more inviting 8])ot — hitherto occupied by tiie r.i.tivcs, and overlooked by our people; it is now deserted by thorn for rea sons I v;ill write when time permit. While enjoying a .-hc.-i re^[;'te . from great labour, in the midst of that Tine fi ic^t, rny m'uJ rolhcd back to America, and recalled scenes never to recur with me. ilow many thousands of my brethren now languish in poverty, distress and thraldom .at home, who might, if they really loved, and world make a trifling tacrifice for liberty, be ioius of this feitde lar.d, and' masters of this majestic stream. Our comforts, sir, and coii- veniences," are daily multiplying and heightening, and I cotilJ dwi.!. with plcamire on the heautr» fertility, and advantages of our coun try, particularly that part 1 have lately surveyed, until I should be dis!,ustiiu; to one who loved it less than ymi. I aw happy in the hope, that wc too shall Invc here a house to worship in. Tiay sir. join inc. not you only, but i would fain de- fire ali V iio love llie cause of social and reli^iions liberty, to unite with me ill prayer for the preservation of bniiher i'irskine — our church and brethien here — and the general prosperily ol this the onlv asvliiin for my oppressed brethren ofthe U. States, ^^ly to Mr. llenbic, I disposed of the seotf He '.\Tve mc tn many, h:ivin<; nn niv arrival but a small opportunity td^cull.ivate a gardeii; some, hov f ifr, I sowed, and nearly all came to maturity; and on a rpot never belo'i e S'lwn, though fold by the old settlers it would pro- o'ire nodr-niT. I 1<«" '''*^ finest (-.-.ii'' ve of liili'.'.eni kinds ever seen ill Ihe. (JiiiDti',- ; se^'':;l^ were Ui i'r.dies iii i;i:i:'i.''er, ati'l !i' S'.ieet as the best I r\):r snw m' the Ric!ini(,nd snai kel: : they _^:ivr.i n\a and mariT others ur-^at rciief, for which I am now grateful, i'r-m the tfrs> moment 1 rci-olved to come, t resolved to die here, and have never once icjivtiod vhac i even now tliink v/as the di- reeti 10 of the Lord. , _ With hi'di esteem, yours in .Christian bonds. ' •' JOSKPir SIIIPItARI). |C7" Any Clci-gymen who take up contributions for, the Coloniza tion Society, arc entitled to receive, gratuitously, a copy of the Af rican Rc|Mffiitory and Colonial Journal, the raonthlyperiodical of the ' "l^;;^ Richard ftti'ith, Esq. of Washington City, is Treasurer of i;ic .\i"'!ic.\n rolr.i ,.- -'iin r-oriety. To him contributions and do nations ni;iv (;: lorwarded, or to Charles Tappan, Esq. Stale Street, BosionjGPA- Vrright, Estj, N. York, or Samuel Stocking, Esq. Utica, .V. York, Anents of the Society; or to the Treasurers of any ofthe Ausiliaiy State Societies. The following is believed to be a correct list of these : " ^ _ , .• Of Maryland, John Moffmajl^.sq. Baltimore ; Pennsylvania, James Baycrd, or Elliott Cressoi^||,iil«delphia ; New Jersey, Rob ert Voorhecs, Princeton ; Maint. (vacant,) Donations to be sent to }\ev. Asa Cummings, Portland ; New Hampshire, Wm. A. Kent, Alibaraa, David Johnston, Esq. Tuscaloosa; N. Carolina, iianiel ^'i!'!': S'Sstiug copii of tlie Annual Report, of the "Society, or .„ ;:,.V ' ..^ A:J ;e;!ti4 to .;. objects of the SocK-t,, to be .d- dr«, icd u> il. iL-GurUy, Secretary, V-'^ashirgvo - City. - Orders. for the. ttCpositqry, lo be addres.eii tt> James C. -Uuui., Georgetown, D. C r ¦'rice ofthe work two dollars per year, payable in advance. s 3 9002 00518